埃塞俄比亚语言联盟

**衣索比亞語言聯盟**是 Charles A. Ferguson (1970, 1976) 提出的語言聯盟，包含一些音系和形態音素學上相近的語言，分布在衣索比亞和厄利垂亞，包括衣索比亞閃米特語支、庫希特語族和奧摩語族的一些語言，而不包括尼羅 - 撒哈拉語系語言。

其他學者之後指出了語言聯盟內部一些有共享特徵的小區域。(Appleyard 1989, Breeze 1988, Sasse 1986, Tosco 1994, Wedekind 1989)

最引人注意的特徵之一是動詞「說」可用於不可屈折詞根的屈折詞綴 (Appleyard 2001, Cohen _et al._ 2002)。Hayward 指出，詞彙化的模式在整片語區也很相似 (1999, 2000)，Treis 提供了更多例子 (2010)。

Tosco 早先說這個語言聯盟的成立是「板上釘釘的」(1994:415)，但他後來又大加批判了 Ferguson 的原文 (2000)。他總結說，衣索比亞語言聯盟並不能成立，並認為 Ferguson 的論文反映了當時衣索比亞民族主義的政治導向，可見於 Donald N. Levine 的書《大衣索比亞：多民族社會的演化》。

Baye Yiman 發現衣索比亞語言聯盟在語用學上的相似 (1997)。

Güldemann 提出，衣索比亞及其西部、西北部的語言普遍使用相似的助動詞。相似地，Cohen、Simeone-Senelle、Vanhove 都觀察到「說」和「做」兩個動詞的語法化，並將其視作東非地區的區域特徵。

Wu Tong 觀察到衣索比亞語言聯盟特有的前置關係從句。

Tolemariam Fufa Teso 對語言聯盟內的各種語言進行了大規模比較研究。

該語言聯盟的存在與否仍有爭議。

## 引用

## 參考

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* Appleyard, David. 2001. The verb 'to say' as a verb "recycling device" in Ethiopian languages. _New Data and New Methods in Afroasiatic Linguistics: Robert Hetzron, in Memoriam_, Andrzej Zaborski, ed., 1-11. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
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* Hayward, Richard J. 1991. Á propos patterns of lexicalization in the Ethiopian Language Area. In Daniela Mendel and Ulrike Claudi, _Ägypten im afroorientalischen Kontext_. Special issue of _Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere_. Cologne: Institute of African Studies, pp. 139–56.
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* Wu Tong. 2012. 2012. Prenominal relative clauses in Ethiopian languages: From inside and from outside. _Studies in African Linguistics_ 41.2: 213-252.
* Yiman, Baye. 1997.The pragmatics of greeting, felicitation, and condolence expressions in four Ethiopian languages. _African Languages and Cultures_ 10.2: 103-128.
* Zaborski, Andrzej. 1991. Ethiopian Language Subareas. In Stanislaw Pilaszewicz and Eugeniusz Rzewuski, eds. _Unwritten Testimonies of the African Past,_ (Orientalia Varsoviensia, 2) pp. 123–134. Warszaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwesytetu Warszawskiego.
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## 閱讀更多

* https://web.archive.org/web/20110719104638/http://cgi.server.uni-frankfurt.de/fb09/ifas/JLCCMS/issues/THEMA\_2/06\_M\_Tosco.pdf