喬治·亞姆斯特朗·卡斯特

**喬治・阿姆斯壯・卡斯特**（英語：George Armstrong Custer；1839 年 12 月 5 日 —1876 年 6 月 25 日），美國陸軍軍官，曾任第七騎兵團的中校團長及義勇軍少將，以驍勇聞名。著有自傳《我的平原生涯》。卡斯特原先是受到青睞的美國總統候選人之一。

## 簡述

卡斯特祖先居住在德國的萊茵蘭，在 1693 年左右移民北美。

1839 年生於俄亥俄州朱威特，並在 1861 年西點軍校砲兵科當屆最後一名畢業，曾率領第七騎兵團參與美國南北戰爭，曾經以密西根騎兵五百人，殲滅一支南軍騎兵旅，俘虜官兵七百餘人，1865 年時，官拜少將。

南北戰爭結束後，復級為正規軍中校，率領第七騎兵團。

美國淘金熱風潮大起，白人拓荒採金，卻時常遭到美國原住民印第安人獵首，於是卡斯特奉命進兵綏剿。

1876 年 6 月 25 日，聞名美軍的卡斯特參與北美印第安戰爭，自己率領兩百餘騎兵與雷諾少校（Reno）、班廷上尉（Benteen）分兵三路，進攻蒙大拿州的黑山山谷，沒想到雷諾與班廷遇阻退卻，卡斯特及其所部遭印第安頭目「瘋馬」、「紅雲」與「坐牛」率領的三千名印第安人戰士伏擊，彈盡陣亡（一說為自殺），是為小大角戰役。

## 參考書目

* Ambrose, Stephen E. (1996 [1975]). _Crazy Horse and Custer: The Parallel Lives of Two American Warriors_. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-47966-2.
* Barnett, Louise (1996) _Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer_ New York, Henry Holt and Company, Inc. ISBN 0803262663
* Boulard, Garry (2006) _The Swing Around the Circle: Andrew Johnson and the Train Ride that Destroyed a Presidency_ ISBN 9781440102394
* Caudill, Edward and Paul Ashdown (2015). _Inventing Custer: The Making of An American Legend._ Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. ISBN 9781442251861
* Connell, Evan S. Son Of The Morning Star. San Francisco, California: North Point Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-86547-160-3.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
* Eicher, John H.; Eicher, David J. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.
* Goodrich, Thomas. _Scalp Dance: Indian Warfare on the High Plains, 1865–1879_. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997. ISBN 081171523X
* Gray, John S. Custer's Last Campaign: Mitch Boyer and the Little Bighorn Remembered. University of Nebraska Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-8032-7040-4.
* Grinnell, George Bird. The Fighting Cheyennes. The University of Oklahoma Press reprint 1956. 1915: 296–307. ISBN 978-0-7394-0373-0.
* Longacre, Edward G. (2000). _Lincoln's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac._ Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-1049-1.
* Longstreet, James, _From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America_, J.B. Lippincott, 1908.
* Mails, Thomas E. (1972). _Mystic Warriors of the Plains_. Doubleday. ISBN 038504741X
* Marshall, Joseph M. III. (2007). _The Day the World Ended at Little Bighorn: A Lakota History_. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 9780670038534
* Merington, Marguerite, Ed. _The Custer Story: The Life and Intimate Letters of General Custer and his Wife Elizabeth._ (1950) OCLC 1027056
* Michno, Gregory F. (1997). _Lakota Noon: The Indian Narrative of Custer's Defeat._ Mountain Press Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87842-349-4.
* Perrett, Bryan. _Last Stand: Famous Battles Against the Odds._ London: Arms & Armour, 1993. ISBN 0304350559
* Scott, Douglas D.; Fox, Richard A.; Connor, Melissa A.; Harmon, Dick. Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn. University of Oklahoma Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-8061-3292-1.
* Punke, Michael, "Last Stand: George Bird Grinnell, the Battle to Save the Buffalo, and the Birth of the New West", Smithsonian Books, 2007, ISBN 978-0-06-089782-6
* Robbins, James S. _The Real Custer: From Boy General to Tragic Hero._ Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 2014, ISBN 978-1-62157-209-1
* Tagg, Larry. (1988). _The Generals of Gettysburg._ Savas Publishing. ISBN 1-882810-30-9.
* Urwin, Gregory J. W., _Custer Victorious,_ University of Nebraska Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-8032-9556-8.
* Utley, Robert M. (2001). _Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier,_ revised edition. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3387-2.
* Vestal, Stanley. _Warpath: The True Story of the Fighting Sioux Told in a Biography of Chief White Bull._ Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1934. OCLC 250280757
* Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Louisiana State University Press. 1964. ISBN 978-0-8071-0822-2.
* Welch, James, with Paul Stekler. (2007 [1994]). _Killing Custer: The Battle of Little Bighorn and the Fate of the Plains Indians_. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
* Wert, Jeffry D. _Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer._ New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996. ISBN 0-684-83275-5.
* Wittenberg, Eric J. Glory Enough for All : Sheridan's Second Raid and the Battle of Trevilian Station. Brassey's Inc. 2001. ISBN 978-1-57488-353-4.