口蘑屬

**口蘑屬**（學名：_Tricholoma_）是傘菌目真菌一個散佈於全世界的屬，常見於樹林。這些外生菌根真菌，與各種針葉樹或闊葉樹有共生關係。本屬的學名源自希臘語的 τριχος（_trichos_；毛髮）和 λωμα（_lōma_；邊緣或邊界），儘管只有少數物種（例如 _Tricholoma vaccinum_）具有符合此描述的型態。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* 口蘑
* 松茸
* 皂味口蘑
* _Tricholoma abietinum_ Velen.
* 苦口蘑 _Tricholoma acerbum_ (Bull.) Quél.，酸澀口蘑
* _Tricholoma acicularum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma acutistramineum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma aeruginascens_ Corner
* _Tricholoma aestivum_ Velen.
* 夏口蘑 _Tricholoma aestuans_ (Fr.) Gillet
* _Tricholoma albatum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma albidulum_ N. Ayala, G. Moreno & Esteve-Rav.
* _Tricholoma albidum_ Bon
* 白棕口蘑 _Tricholoma albobrunneum_ (Pers.) P. Kumm.
* _Tricholoma alboconicum_ (J.E. Lange) Clémençon
* _Tricholoma alboluteum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma albosquamulatum_ Beeli
* 白口蘑 _Tricholoma album_ (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.
* 阿爾泰口蘑 _Tricholoma altaicum_ Singer
* _Tricholoma amplum_ (Pers.) Rea
* _Tricholoma anatolicum_ H.H. Doğan & Intini
* _Tricholoma andinum_ E. Horak
* _Tricholoma apium_ Jul. Schäff.
* _Tricholoma argenteum_ Ovrebo
* 銀蓋口蘑 _Tricholoma argyraceum_ (Bull.) Gillet
* _Tricholoma argyropotamicum_ Speg.
* _Tricholoma arvernense_ Bon
* _Tricholoma atro-olivaceum_ Rick
* _Tricholoma atrodiscus_ Ovrebo
* _Tricholoma atroscriptum_ Corner
* 黑鱗口蘑 _Tricholoma atrosquamosum_ Sacc.
  * 黑鱗口蘑多鱗變種 _Tricholoma atrosquamosum_ var. _squarrulosum_ (Bres.) Mort. Chr. & Noordel. (≡_Tricholoma squarrulosum_ Bres.)
* _Tricholoma atroviolaceum_ A.H. Sm.
* 橙柄口蘑 _Tricholoma aurantiipes_ Hongo
* _Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum_ A.H. Sm.
* 桔黃口蘑 _Tricholoma aurantium_ (Schaeff.) Ricken
* _Tricholoma austrocolossus_ Grgur.
* _Tricholoma azalearum_ (Murrill) Murrill
* 假松口蘑 _Tricholoma bakamatsutake_ Hongo，傻松口蘑
* _Tricholoma baldratianum_ Sacc.
* 竹生口蘑 _Tricholoma bambusarum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma basirubens_ (Bon) A. Riva & Bon
* _Tricholoma batschii_ Gulden ex Mort. Chr. & Noordel.
* _Tricholoma betilonganum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma bezdeki_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma bisontinum_ Rolland
* _Tricholoma bonii_ Basso & Candusso
* _Tricholoma boreosulphurescens_ Mort. Chr. & Heilm.-Claus.
* _Tricholoma borgsjoeense_ Jacobsson & Muskos
* _Tricholoma borneomurinum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma bresadolanum_ Clémençon
* _Tricholoma brunneicirrus_ Corner
* _Tricholoma brunneosquamosa_ Beeli
* _Tricholoma bryogenum Mort. Chr., Heilm.-Claus. & Vauras_
* _Tricholoma bubalinum_ (G. Stev.) E. Horak
* _Tricholoma bufonium_ (Pers.) Gillet
* _Tricholoma bulliardii Velen._
* _Tricholoma busuense Corner_
* 布細口蘑 _Tricholoma buzae_ Dennis
* 歐洲松口蘑 _Tricholoma caligatum_ (Viv.) Ricken
* _Tricholoma carbonicum''_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma carneoflavidum_ (Kalchbr.) McAlpine
* _Tricholoma cartilagineum_ (Bull.) Quél.
* _Tricholoma catulus_ E.H.L. Krause
* _Tricholoma cavipes_ Corner
* _Tricholoma cedretorum_ (Bon) A. Riva
* _Tricholoma cedrorum Maire_
* _Tricholoma ceriniceps Pegler_
* _Tricholoma cheilolaminum Ovrebo & Tylutki_
* _Tricholoma chrysophyllum A. Riva, C.E. Hermos. & Jul. Sánchez_
* 囊口蘑 _Tricholoma cifuentesii Courtec._
* 灰環口蘑 _Tricholoma cingulatum_ (Almfelt ex Fr.) Jacobashch
* _Tricholoma cinnamomeum_ (Murrill) Murrill
* _Tricholoma clavipes Riedl_
* _Tricholoma clavocystis Musumeci & Contu_
* _Tricholoma coffeaceum Velen._
* _Tricholoma collybiiformis Velen._
* 蜜環口蘑 _Tricholoma colossus_ (Fr.) Quél.
* 銀白毛口蘑 _Tricholoma columbetta_ (Fr.) P. Kumm.， 白毛口蘑
* _Tricholoma concolor_ (Delile) P.-A. Moreau, Bellanger & Courtec.
* _Tricholoma confragipes Iwade_
* _Tricholoma cookeanum Bertault & Malençon_
* _Tricholoma cordae_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma cortinatellum_ Singer
* _Tricholoma cortinatum_ Singer
* _Tricholoma crenulatum_ Horniček
* _Tricholoma crepidotoides_ Corner
* _Tricholoma crucigerum_ (St.-Amans) Sacc. & Trotter
* _Tricholoma cuneifoloides_ Arde
* _Tricholoma cutifractum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma cyclophilum_ (Lasch) Sacc. & Trotter
* _Tricholoma czuicum_ (Singer) Singer
* _Tricholoma dermolomoides_ Corner
* _Tricholoma diabolicum_ Rick
* _Tricholoma diemii_ Singer
* _Tricholoma distantifoliaceum_ E. Ludw. & H. Willer
* _Tricholoma distinguendum_ S. Lundell
* _Tricholoma dulciolens_ Kytöv.
* _Tricholoma duriusculum_ R. Schulz
* _Tricholoma durum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma edentulum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma elegans_ G. Stev.
* _Tricholoma elvirae_ Singer
* _Tricholoma eosinobasis_ Babos, Bohus & Vasas
* 油口蘑 _Tricholoma equestre_ (L.) P. Kumm.，油黃口蘑 (=_Tricholoma auratum_ (Paulet) Gillet)
* 直柄口蘑 _Tricholoma evenosum_ (Sacc.) Rea
* _Tricholoma ezcarayense_ C.E. Hermos. & Jul. Sánchez
* _Tricholoma fagineum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma fagnani_ Singer
* _Tricholoma farinolens_ E. Horak
* _Tricholoma ferrugineimelleum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma fiherensis_ L.M. Dufour & H. Poiss.
* _Tricholoma filamentosum_ (Alessio) Alessio
* _Tricholoma fissilifolium_ Corner
* _Tricholoma flammulaecolor_ Beeli
* _Tricholoma flavifolium_ Velen.
* 油黃口蘑 _Tricholoma flavum_
* _Tricholoma focale_ (Fr.) Ricken
* _Tricholoma foliicola_ Har. Takah.
* _Tricholoma forteflavescens_ Reschke, Popa, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost
* _Tricholoma fracticum_ (Britzelm.) Kreisel
* _Tricholoma fractipes_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma frondosae_ Kalamees & Shchukin
* _Tricholoma fucatum_ (Fr.) P. Kumm.
* _Tricholoma fuegianum_ Courtec.
* _Tricholoma fulvimarginatum_ Ovrebo & Halling
* 栗褐松口蘑 _Tricholoma fulvocastaneum_ Hongo
* 黃褐口蘑 _Tricholoma fulvum_ (DC.) Bigeard & H. Guill.
* _Tricholoma fumidellum_ (Peck) Sacc.
* _Tricholoma furcatifolium_ Corner
* _Tricholoma fuscinanum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma fusipes_ E. Horak
* _Tricholoma fusisporum_ Singer
* _Tricholoma gallaecicum_ (Blanco-Dios) Blanco-Dios
* _Tricholoma gausapatum_ (Fr.) Quél.
* _Tricholoma glareosum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma glatfelteri_ (Murrill) Murrill
* _Tricholoma goliath_ (Fr.) S. Lundell & Nannf.
* _Tricholoma goossensiae_ Beeli
* _Tricholoma graminicola_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma grande_ Peck
* _Tricholoma granulosum_ Lebedeva
* _Tricholoma griseipileatum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma griseoviolaceum_ Shanks
* _Tricholoma groanense_ Viola
* _Tricholoma grossulariodorum_ E. Horak
* _Tricholoma guldeniae_ Mort. Chr.
* _Tricholoma hathorae Velen._
* _Tricholoma hebeloma_ (Peck) Sacc.
* _Tricholoma hebelomoides_ E. Horak
* _Tricholoma hemisulphureum_ (Kühner) A. Riva ex Boffelli
* _Tricholoma henningsii_ Sacc. & Trotter
* 高地口蘑 _Tricholoma highlandense_ Zhu L. Yang, X.X. Ding, G. Kost & Rexer
* _Tricholoma hirtellum_ Peck
* _Tricholoma holici_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma horakii_ Raithelh.
* _Tricholoma hortorum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma humosum_ (P. Karst.) S. Imai
* _Tricholoma huronense_ A.H. Sm.
* _Tricholoma hygrophanum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma ilkkae_ Mort. Chr., Heilm.-Claus., Ryman & N. Bergius
* 鱗蓋口蘑 _Tricholoma imbricatum_ (Fr.) P. Kumm.
* _Tricholoma impudicum Velen._
* _Tricholoma inamoenum_ (Fr.) Gillet
* _Tricholoma inocyboides Corner_
* 綠皮口蘑 _Tricholoma inodermeum_
* _Tricholoma insigne Ovrebo_
* _Tricholoma intermedium Peck_
* _Tricholoma iputingaense Bat. & A.F. Vital_
* _Tricholoma jalapense_ (Murrill) Murrill
* _Tricholoma jamaicense_ (Murrill) Murrill
* _Tricholoma joachimii Bon & A. Riva_
* _Tricholoma josserandii Bon_
* _Tricholoma khakicolor Corner_
* _Tricholoma laricicola Velen._
* 草黃口蘑 _Tricholoma lascivum_ (Fr.) Gillet
* _Tricholoma latifolium Speg._
* 淡紫褶口蘑 _Tricholoma lavendulophyllum F.Q. Yu_
* _Tricholoma leoninum Velen._
* _Tricholoma leucophyllum Ovrebo & Tylutki_
* _Tricholoma leucoterreum Mariotto & Turetta_
* _Tricholoma lilacinocinereum Métrod ex Bon_
* _Tricholoma lobatum Velen._
* _Tricholoma losii Kavina_
* 棕黃褐口蘑 _Tricholoma luridum_ (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.
* _Tricholoma luteomaculosum A.H. Sm._
* _Tricholoma maculatipus Hongo_
* _Tricholoma magellanicum_ (Speg.) Sacc.
* 美洲口蘑 _Tricholoma magnivelare_ (Peck) Redhead
* _Tricholoma manzanitae T.J. Baroni & Ovrebo_
* _Tricholoma marasmiforme Velen._
* _Tricholoma margarita_ (Murrill) Murrill
* _Tricholoma marquettense Ovrebo_
* 松口蘑 _Tricholoma matsutake_ (S. Ito & S. Imai) Singer (= T. zangii Z. M. Cao, Y.J. Yao & Pegler)
  * 台灣松茸 _Tricholoma matsutake formosana_ Sawada
* _Tricholoma mauritianum_ Peerally & Sutra
* _Tricholoma megaphyllum_ Boud.
* _Tricholoma melleum_ Reschke, Popa, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost
* _Tricholoma mensula_ Corner
* _Tricholoma meridianum_ A. Pearson
* _Tricholoma mesoamericanum_ Justo & Cifuentes
* _Tricholoma michiganense_ A.H. Sm.
* _Tricholoma microcarpoides_ Corner
* _Tricholoma minutissimum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma minutum_ Corner
* _Tricholoma mnichovicense_ Velen.
* 蒙古口蘑 _Tricholoma mongolicum_ S. Imai
* _Tricholoma montis-fraseri Corner_
* _Tricholoma moseri Singer_
* _Tricholoma moserianum Bon_
* _Tricholoma mostnyae Singer_
* _Tricholoma multifolium_ (Murrill) Murrill
* _Tricholoma multipunctum_ (Peck) Sacc.
* _Tricholoma muricatum Shanks_
* _Tricholoma muscarioides Reschke, Popa, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost_
* 毒蠅口蘑 _Tricholoma muscarium Kawam. ex Hongo_
* _Tricholoma muscorum Velen._
* _Tricholoma mutabile Shanks_
* _Tricholoma naranjanum Dennis_
* _Tricholoma nigripes Velen._
* _Tricholoma nigrum Shanks & Ovrebo_
* _Tricholoma niveipes Peck_
* _Tricholoma nobile Peck_
* _Tricholoma oblongisporum Bissett_
* _Tricholoma obscurum Velen._
* _Tricholoma ochraceorobustum E. Horak_
* _Tricholoma odorimutabile Corner_
* _Tricholoma olens Velen._
* _Tricholoma olgae Velen._
* _Tricholoma olidum Velen._
* _Tricholoma olivaceobrunneum Ovrebo_
* _Tricholoma olivaceoflavum_ (Murrill) Sacc. & Trotter
* _Tricholoma olivaceoluteolum Reschke, Popa, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost_
* _Tricholoma olivaceotinctum Heilm.-Claus. & Mort. Chr._
* _Tricholoma olivaceum Reschke, Popa, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost_
* _Tricholoma oliveum Farl. & Burt_
* _Tricholoma opiparum_ (Fr.) Bigeard & H. Guill.
* 粉褶口蘑 _Tricholoma orirubens_ Quél.
* _Tricholoma orlosii Pilát_
* _Tricholoma palustre A.H. Sm._
* _Tricholoma pampeanum Speg._
* _Tricholoma panicolor Corner_
* _Tricholoma pannonicum Bohus_
* _Tricholoma pardalotum Herink & Kotl._
* 豹斑口蘑 _Tricholoma pardinum_ (Pers.) Quél.
* _Tricholoma parvisporum Corner_
* _Tricholoma pascuum Velen._
* _Tricholoma patagonicum Singer_
* _Tricholoma penangense Corner_
* _Tricholoma permelleum Corner_
* _Tricholoma persicinum_ (Fr.) Quél.
* 鏽色口蘑 _Tricholoma pessundatum_ (Fr.) Quél.
* _Tricholoma phoeniceum_ (P. Karst.) Singer
* _Tricholoma piceum Velen._
* _Tricholoma pilatii Velen._
* _Tricholoma plagiotum_ (Kalchbr.) McAlpine
* 楊樹口蘑 _Tricholoma populinum_ J. E. Lange
* _Tricholoma porta-dalveyi Corner_
* 灰褐口蘑 _Tricholoma portentosum_ (Fr.) Quél.，灰口蘑，灰褐紋口蘑
* _Tricholoma praetervisum Velen._
* _Tricholoma pratense Pegler & R.W. Rayner_
* _Tricholoma preslii Velen._
* _Tricholoma primulibrunneum Corner_
* 棘柄口蘑 _Tricholoma psammopus_ (Kalchbr.) Quél.
* _Tricholoma pseudoargyraceum Velen._
* _Tricholoma pseudoimbricatum J.E. Lange & Terk._
* _Tricholoma pseudolimacium Velen._
* _Tricholoma pseudonictitans Bon_
* _Tricholoma pseudoputidum Velen._
* _Tricholoma pseudorussula_ (Speg.) Sacc.
* _Tricholoma pseudosaponaceum Hásek_
* _Tricholoma pullum Ovrebo_
* _Tricholoma pulverulentipes_ (Murrill) Sacc. & Trotter
* _Tricholoma purpureiflavum Corner_
* _Tricholoma pusillisporum Speg._
* _Tricholoma pygmaeum Velen._
* _Tricholoma quercetorum Contu_
* _Tricholoma quercicola_ (Murrill) Murrill
* 假根口蘑 _Tricholoma radicans Hongo_
* _Tricholoma radotinense Pilát & Charvát_
* _Tricholoma ramentaceum_ (Bull. ex Pers.) Ricken
* _Tricholoma rapipes_ (Krombh.) Heilm.-Claus. & Mort. Chr.
* _Tricholoma rauli Garrido_
* _Tricholoma rhizophoreti Corner_
* _Tricholoma rigidovelatum Raithelh._
* _Tricholoma rimosoides Dennis_
* _Tricholoma robiniae Velen._
* 粗壯口蘑 _Tricholoma robustum_ (Alb. & Schwein.) Ricken
* _Tricholoma romagnesii Singer_
* _Tricholoma roseoacerbum A. Riva_
* _Tricholoma rostratum Velen._
* _Tricholoma rubescens Velen._
* _Tricholoma rufenum P. Donati_
* _Tricholoma rufulum R. Heim_
* _Tricholoma rugulicinctum Corner_
* _Tricholoma sanguinescens Velen._
* 皂膩口蘑 _Tricholoma saponaceum_ (Fr.) P. Kumm.，皂味口蘑
* _Tricholoma scabrum L.M. Dufour_
* 雕紋口蘑 _Tricholoma scalpturatum_ (Fr.) Quél.
* _Tricholoma schustleri Velen._
* 褶緣黑點口蘑 _Tricholoma sciodes_ (Pers.) C. Martín
* 黃綠口蘑 _Tricholoma sejunctum_ (Sowerby) Quél.，絲蓋口蘑
* _Tricholoma sericeum Rick_
* _Tricholoma sienna_ (Peck) Sacc.
* _Tricholoma silvaticum Peck_
* _Tricholoma singaporense Corner_
* _Tricholoma sinoacerbum T.H. Li, Hosen & Ting Li_
* _Tricholoma sinopardinum Zhu L. Yang, X.X. Ding, G. Kost & Rexer_
* _Tricholoma sinoportentosum Zhu L. Yang, Reschke, Popa & G. Kost_
* _Tricholoma smithii Ovrebo & K.W. Hughes_
* _Tricholoma solitarium_ (Alessio) Contu
* _Tricholoma sparsifolium Velen._
* 蓋突口蘑 _Tricholoma spermaticum_
* _Tricholoma sphagnicola Hruby_
* _Tricholoma spongiosum Petch_
* _Tricholoma stanekii Pilát_
* 直立口蘑 _Tricholoma stans_ (Fr.) Sacc.
* _Tricholoma stiparophyllum_ (N. Lund) P. Karst.
* _Tricholoma stipitirufescens Corner_
* _Tricholoma striatifolium_ (Peck) Sacc.
* 具紋口蘑 _Tricholoma striatum_ (Schaeff.) Quél.
* _Tricholoma subamarum Herp._
* _Tricholoma subannulatum_ (Peck) Zeller
* _Tricholoma subargillaceum_ (Murrill) Sacc. & Trotter
* _Tricholoma subaureum Ovrebo_
* _Tricholoma subcerinum A.H. Sm._
* _Tricholoma subcinerascens Rick_
* _Tricholoma subcinereiforme_ (Murrill) Sacc. & Trotter
* _Tricholoma subclytocybe Velen._
* _Tricholoma subcuneifolium Corner_
* _Tricholoma subfuscum Velen._
* _Tricholoma subglobisporum Bon_
* _Tricholoma subimbricatum Velen._
* _Tricholoma sublatum Murrill_
* _Tricholoma subluteum Peck_
* _Tricholoma subniveum Velen._
* _Tricholoma subresplendens_ (Murrill) Murrill
* 硫色口蘑 _Tricholoma subsulphureum_ (Britzelm.) Sacc. & Traverso
* _Tricholoma subumbrinum A.H. Sm._
* _Tricholoma sudum_ (Fr.) Quél.
* _Tricholoma sulcatum Velen._
* _Tricholoma sulphurellum Rick_
* _Tricholoma sulphurescens Bres._
* _Tricholoma sulphureum_
* 硫色口蘑 _Tricholoma sulphureum_ (Bull.) P. Kumm.
* _Tricholoma tanzanianum Pegler_
* _Tricholoma tenacifolium Corner_
* 纖細口蘑 _Tricholoma tenue P.W. Graff_
* 棕灰口蘑 _Tricholoma terreum_ (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.
* _Tricholoma testaceum G. Stev._
* _Tricholoma thalliophilum Rob. Henry_
* 虎斑口蘑 _Tricholoma tigrinum_ (Schaeff.) Gillet
* _Tricholoma transmutans_ (Peck) Sacc.
* _Tricholoma tridentinum Singer_
* _Tricholoma triste_ (Scop.) Quél.
* _Tricholoma tristiforme Kauffman_
* _Tricholoma tucumanense Speg._
* _Tricholoma tumidum_ (Pers.) P. Karst.
* _Tricholoma turbinipes_ (Kalchbr.) McAlpine
* _Tricholoma uliginosum Velen._
* _Tricholoma ulvinenii Kalamees_
* _Tricholoma umbonatum Clémençon & Bon_
* _Tricholoma umbraticum Corner_
* _Tricholoma unifactum Peck_
* _Tricholoma urbicum Ferrarese & Zaffalon_
* _Tricholoma uropus Corner_
* 褐黑口蘑 _Tricholoma ustale_ (Fr.) P. Kumm.
* 擬褐黑口蘑 _Tricholoma ustaloides Romagn._
* _Tricholoma vaccinoides Pilát_
* 紅鱗口蘑 _Tricholoma vaccinum_ (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.
* _Tricholoma vacini Velen._
* _Tricholoma venenatum G.F. Atk._
* _Tricholoma vernale Velen._
* _Tricholoma vernaticum Shanks_
* _Tricholoma versicolor Velen._
* _Tricholoma vestipes Velen._
* _Tricholoma villosiparvum Corner_
* _Tricholoma vinaceogriseum P.D. Orton_
* _Tricholoma violaceibrunneum Corner_
* 條紋口蘑 _Tricholoma virgatum_ (Fr.) P. Kumm.
* _Tricholoma viridifucatum Bon_
* _Tricholoma viridilutescens M.M. Moser_
* _Tricholoma viridiolivaceum G. Stev._
* _Tricholoma weizianum Reichert & Aviz.-Hersh._
* _Tricholoma zangii_ Z.M. Cao, Y.J. Yao & Pegler
* 澤勒口蘑 _Tricholoma zelleri_ (D.E. Stuntz & A.H. Sm.) Ovrebo & Tylutki，澤勒氏口蘑
* _Tricholoma zonatum_ Velen.
* _Tricholoma zvarae_ Velen.

## 參考文獻

* Marcel Bon : _The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-western Europe_ (Hodder & Stoughton 1987). ISBN 0-340-39935-X
* Régis Courtecuisse, Bernard Duhem : _Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe_ (Delachaux & Niestlé, 1994-2000). ISBN 2-603-00953-2

## 外部連結

* Mushroom Expert – The Genus Tricholoma（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Mykoweb profile of _T. magnivelare_
* MYCOLOGY/bionet.mycology Archives（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）