凹塔螺屬

**凹塔螺屬**（學名：_Retusa_），又名**囊螺屬**或**冰柱螺屬**，是頭楯目凹塔螺科之下一個海洋生物的屬。

## 物種

根據 WoRMS，本屬目前有約 100 個物種：

* _Retusa multiquadrata_ Oberling, 1970 (taxon inquirendum; needs investigation)

**異名：**

* _Retusa alayoi_ (Espinosa & Ortea, 2004): synonym of _Colinatys alayoi_ (Espinosa & Ortea, 2004)
* _Retusa anderssoni_ Strebel, 1908: synonym of _Diaphana anderssoni_ (Strebel, 1908)
* _Retusa antarctica_ Melvill & Standen, 1912: synonym of _Diaphana paessleri_ (Strebel, 1905)
* _Retusa apiculata_ (Tate, 1879): synonym of _Tornatina apiculata_ (Tate, 1879): synonym of _Acteocina apiculata_ (Tate, 1879)
* _Retusa caelata_ (Bush, 1885): synonym of _Pyrunculus caelatus_ (Bush, 1885)
* _Retusa carinensis_ de Gregorio, 1889: synonym of _Retusa truncatula_ (Bruguière, 1792)
* _Retusa cumberlandiana_ Strebel, 1908: synonym of _Cylichna cumberlandiana_ (Strebel, 1908)
* _Retusa desgenettesi_ (Audouin, 1827): synonym of _Retusa desgenettii_ (Audouin, 1826)
* _Retusa dilatata_ Pallary, 1904: synonym of _Retusa truncatula_ (Bruguière, 1792)
* _Retusa domita_ (Dall, 1889): synonym of _Cylichnium domitum_ (Dall, 1908)
* _Retusa eumicra_ (Crosse in Crosse & Fischer, 1865): synonym of _Tornatina eumicra_ (Crosse, 1865): synonym of _Acteocina eumicra_ (Crosse, 1865)
* _Retusa fourierii_ (Audouin, 1826): synonym of _Pyrunculus fourierii_ (Audouin, 1826)
* _Retusa frigida_ Hedley, 1916: synonym of _Diaphana paessleri_ (Strebel, 1905)
* _Retusa gaimardi_ Finlay, 1927: synonym of _Acteocina decorata_ (Pilsbry, 1904)
* _Retusa girardi_ (Audouin, 1826): synonym of _Ventomnestia girardi_ (Audouin, 1826)
* _Retusa gordonis_ Yokoyama, 1927: synonym of _Acteocina gordonis_ (Yokoyama, 1927)
* _Retusa inflata_ Strebel, 1908: synonym of _Diaphana inflata_ (Strebel, 1908)
* _Retusa lactea_ (Jeffreys, 1877): synonym of _Diaphana lactea_ (Jeffreys, 1877)
* _Retusa mariateresae_ Parenzan, 1970: synonym of _Bulla striata_ Bruguière, 1792
* _Retusa marshalli_ Sykes, 1904: synonym of _Diaphana marshalli_ (Sykes, 1904)
* _Retusa matusimana_ Nomura, 1939: synonym of Decorifer matusimanus (Nomura, 1939)
* _Retusa obtusata_: synonym of _Retusa obtusa_ (Montagu, 1803)
* _Retusa pellucida_ (Brown, 1827): synonym of _Diaphana minuta_ T. Brown, 1827
* _Retusa pertenuis_ (Mighels, 1843): synonym of _Retusa obtusa_ (Montagu, 1803)
* _Retusa pfefferi_ Strebel, 1908: synonym of _Diaphana pfefferi_ (Strebel, 1908)
* _Retusa piriformis_ Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of _Retusa truncatula_ (Bruguière, 1792)
* _Retusa semen_ Thiele, 1925: synonym of _Pyrunculus pyriformis_ (A. Adams, 1850)
* _Retusa semisulcata_ (Philippi, 1836): synonym of _Retusa truncatula_ (Bruguière, 1792)
* _Retusa strigella_ (Lovén, 1846): synonym of _Cylichnina umbilicata_ (Montagu, 1803): synonym of _Retusa umbilicata_ (Montagu, 1803)
* _Retusa subcylindrica_ (Brown, 1827): synonym of _Cylichnina umbilicata_ (Montagu, 1803): synonym of _Retusa umbilicata_ (Montagu, 1803)
* _Retusa tohokuensis_ Nomura, 1939: synonym of _Acteocina tohokuensis_ (Nomura, 1939)
* _Retusa truncatoides_ Nomura, 1939: synonym of _Acteocina truncatoides_ (Nomura, 1939)
* _Retusa turrita_ Møller, 1842: synonym of _Retusa obtusa_ (Montagu, 1803)

## 參看

* 半凹塔螺屬（_Semiretusa_）

## 參考文獻

* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). _European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification._ Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213