刘如谦

**劉如謙**（英語：David Ruchien Liu, 1973 年 —）是一位美國華人化學家和生物學家。

## 生平

1973 年出身於美國加利福尼亞州里弗賽德一個台灣移民家族。父親是航空工程師，母親是退休加利福尼亞大學河濱分校物理教授。1994 年畢業於哈佛大學，曾在諾貝爾獎得主艾里亞斯・詹姆斯・科里的化學合成實驗室里工作。1999 年獲得加州大學伯克利分校博士學位，師從彼得・舒爾茨。之後留校任教擔任助理教授，2003 年升任副教授，2005 年升任教授。同年進入霍華德・休斯醫學研究所擔任研究員。2018 年加入藥明生物擔任公司科學顧問委員會委員。2019 年 4 月曾作為 TED 演講人在溫哥華發表演說。

## 榮譽

* 2017 年和 2019 年兩次入選《自然 (期刊)》全球十大科學人物。
* 2021 年被選為美國國家科學院院士。

## 著作

* Gartner, ZJ; Liu, DR. The generality of DNA-templated synthesis as a basis for evolving non-natural small molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. July 2001, **123** (28): 6961–3. PMC 2820563 . PMID 11448217. doi:10.1021/ja015873n.
* Kanan, MW; Rozenman, MM; Sakurai, K; Snyder, TM; Liu, DR. Reaction discovery enabled by DNA-templated synthesis and in vitro selection. Nature. 2004, **431** (7008): 545–9. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..545K. PMC 2814052 . PMID 15457254. doi:10.1038/nature02920.
* Gartner, ZJ; Tse, BN; Grubina, R; Doyon, JB; Snyder, TM; Liu, DR. DNA-templated organic synthesis and selection of a library of macrocycles. Science. September 2004, **305** (5690): 1601–5. Bibcode:2004Sci...305.1601G. PMC 2814051 . PMID 15319493. doi:10.1126/science.1102629.
* Georghiou, G; Kleiner, RE; Pulkoski-Gross, M; Liu, DR; Seeliger, MA. Highly specific, bisubstrate-competitive Src inhibitors from DNA-templated macrocycles. Nature Chemical Biology. 2012, **8** (4): 366–74. PMC 3307835 . PMID 22344177. doi:10.1038/nchembio.792.
* Cronican, JJ; Thompson, DB; Beier, KT; McNaughton, BR; Cepko, CL; Liu, DR. Potent delivery of functional proteins into Mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo using a supercharged protein. ACS Chem. Biol. 2010, **5** (8): 747–52. PMC 2924640 . PMID 20545362. doi:10.1021/cb1001153.
* Komor, AC; Kim, YB; Packer, MS; Zuris, JA; Liu, DR. Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage.. Nature. 19 May 2016, **533** (7603): 420–4. Bibcode:2016Natur.533..420K. PMC 4873371 . PMID 27096365. doi:10.1038/nature17946.
* Kim, YB; Komor, AC; Levy, JM; Packer, MS; Zhao, KT; Liu, DR. Increasing the genome-targeting scope and precision of base editing with engineered Cas9-cytidine deaminase fusions.. Nature Biotechnology. April 2017, **35** (4): 371–376. PMC 5388574 . PMID 28191901. doi:10.1038/nbt.3803.
* Gaudelli, NM; Komor, AC; Rees, HA; Packer, MS; Badran, AH; Bryson, DI; Liu, DR. Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage.. Nature. 23 November 2017, **551** (7681): 464–471. Bibcode:2017Natur.551..464G. PMC 5726555 . PMID 29160308. doi:10.1038/nature24644.
* Lawrence, M. S.; Phillips, K. J.; Liu, D. R. Supercharging Proteins Can Impart Extraordinary Resilience. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, **129** (33): 10110–10112. PMC 2820565 . PMID 17665911. doi:10.1021/ja071641y.
* McNaughton, B. R.; Cronican, J. J.; Liu, D. R. Mammalian Cell Penetration, siRNA Transfection, and DNA Transfection by Supercharged Proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2009, **106** (15): 6111–6116. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.6111M. PMC 2659711 . PMID 19307578. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807883106.
* Esvelt, K. M.; Carlson, J. C.; Liu, D. R. A System for the Continuous Directed Evolution of Biomolecules. Nature. 2011, **472** (7344): 499–503. Bibcode:2011Natur.472..499E. PMC 3084352 . PMID 21478873. doi:10.1038/nature09929.
* Dickinson, B. C.; Leconte, A. M.; Allen, B.; Esvelt, K. M.; Liu, D. R. Experimental Interrogation of the Path Dependence and Stochasticity of Protein Evolution Using Phage-Assisted Continuous Evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2013, **110** (22): 9007–9012. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.9007D. PMC 3670371 . PMID 23674678. doi:10.1073/pnas.1220670110.
* Maianti, J. P.; McFedries, A.; Foda, Z. H.; Kleiner, R. E.; Du, X.-Q.; Leissring, M. A.; Tang, W.-J.; Charron, M. J.; Seeliger, M. A.; Saghatelian, A.; Liu, D. R. Anti-Diabetic Activity of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Inhibitors Mediated by Multiple Hormones. Nature. 2014, **511** (7507): 94–98. Bibcode:2014Natur.511...94M. PMC 4142213 . PMID 24847884. doi:10.1038/nature13297.
* Zuris, J. A.; Thompson, D. B.; Shu, Y.; Guilinger, J. P.; Bessen, J. L.; Hu, J. H.; Maeder, M. L.; Joung, J. K.; Chen, Z.-Y.; Liu, D. R. Cationic Lipid-Mediated Delivery of Proteins Enables Efficient Protein-Based Genome Editing _In Vitro_ and _In Vivo_. Nat. Biotechnol. 2015, **33** (1): 73–80. PMC 4289409 . PMID 25357182. doi:10.1038/nbt.3081.
* Badran, A. H.; Guzov, V. M.; Huai, Q.; Kemp, M. M.; Vishwanath, P.; Kain, W.; Evdokimov, A.; Moshiri, F.; Turner, K. H.; Wang, P.; Malvar, T.; Liu, D. R. Continuous Evolution of _B. thuringiensis_ Toxins Overcomes Insect Resistance. Nature. 2016, **533** (7601): 58–63. PMC 4865400 . PMID 27120167. doi:10.1038/nature17938.
* Gao, X.; Lamas, V.; Huang, M.; Yeh, W.-H.; Pan, B.; Hu, Y.-J.; Hu, J. H.; Thompson, D. B.; Shu, Y.; Li, Y.; Wang, H.; Yang, S.; Xu, Q.; Polley, D. B.; Liberman, M. C.; Kong, W.-J.; Holt, J. R.; Chen, Z.-Y.; Liu, D. R. Treatment of autosomal dominant hearing loss by in vivo delivery of genome editing agents. Nature. 2018, **553** (7687): 217–221. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..217G. PMC 5784267 . PMID 29258297. doi:10.1038/nature25164.
* Tang, W; Liu, D.R. Rewritable multi-event analog recording in bacterial and mammalian cells. Science. 2018, **360** (6385): eaap8992. PMC 5898985 . PMID 29449507. doi:10.1126/science.aap8992.
* Hu, J. H.; Miller, S. M.; Geurts, M. H.; Tang, W.; Chen, L.; Sun, N.; Zeina, C.; Gao, X.; Rees, H. A.; Lin, Z.; Liu, D. R. Evolved Cas9 Variants with Broad PAM Compatibility and High DNA Specificity. Nature. 2018, **556** (7699): 57–63. Bibcode:2018Natur.556...57H. PMC 5951633 . PMID 29512652. doi:10.1038/nature26155.
* Maianti, J. P.; McFedries, A.; Foda, Z. H.; Kleiner, R. E.; Du, X.-Q.; Leissring, M. A.; Tang, W.-J.; Charron, M. J.; Seeliger, M. A.; Saghatelian, A.; Liu, D. R. _Nature_ 511, 94-98 (2014). 「Anti-Diabetic Activity of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Inhibitors Mediated by Multiple Hormones （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）」 PMC4142213
* Anzalone, A.V.; Randolph, P.B.; Davis, J.R.; Sousa, A.A.; Koblan, L.W.; Levy, J.M.; Chen, P.J.; Wilson, C.; Newby, G.A.; Raguram, A.; Liu, D.R. _Nature_,  **576**, 149–157 (2019). 「Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.」  PMCID: PMC6907074 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Mok, B. Y; de Moraes, M. H; Zeng, J; Bosch, D. E; Kotrys, A. V; Raguram, A.; Hsu, F; Radey, M.C; Broko Peterson, B; Mootha, V.K; Mougous, J.D;  Liu, D. R. _Nature._ available online (2020). "An interbacterial cytidine deaminase toxin enables mitochondrial base editing. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）" PMCID: PMC7381381 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

## 參考來源