克劳森函数

**克勞森函數**是丹麥數學家托馬斯・克勞森最先研究的特殊函數，定義如下：

　
: $\operatorname {Cl} _{2}(\varphi )=-\int _{0}^{\varphi }\log {\Bigg |}2\sin {\frac {x}{2}}{\Bigg |}\,dx:$

克勞森函數的傅立葉級數為

　
: $\operatorname {Cl} _{2}(\varphi )=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\sin k\varphi }{k^{2}}}=\sin \varphi +{\frac {\sin 2\varphi }{2^{2}}}+{\frac {\sin 3\varphi }{3^{2}}}+{\frac {\sin 4\varphi }{4^{2}}}+\,\cdots $

## 基本性質

　
: ${\text{Cl}}_{2}(m\pi )=0,\quad m=0,\,\pm 1,\,\pm 2,\,\pm 3,\,\cdots $

極大值點 : $\theta ={\frac {\pi }{3}}+2m\pi \quad [m\in \mathbb {Z} ]$

　
: ${\text{Cl}}_{2}\left({\frac {\pi }{3}}+2m\pi \right)=1.01494160\cdots $

極小值點 : $\theta =-{\frac {\pi }{3}}+2m\pi \quad [m\in \mathbb {Z} ]$

　
: ${\text{Cl}}_{2}\left(-{\frac {\pi }{3}}+2m\pi \right)=-1.01494160\cdots $

　
: ${\text{Cl}}_{2}(\theta +2m\pi )={\text{Cl}}_{2}(\theta )$

　
: ${\text{Cl}}_{2}(-\theta )=-{\text{Cl}}_{2}(\theta )$

.

## 與伯努力多項式的關係

　
: $B_{2n-1}(x)={\frac {2(-1)^{n}(2n-1)!}{(2\pi )^{2n-1}}}\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\sin 2\pi kx}{k^{2n-1}}}$

　
: $B_{2n}(x)={\frac {2(-1)^{n-1}(2n)!}{(2\pi )^{2n}}}\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\cos 2\pi kx}{k^{2n}}}$

 

　
: ${\text{Sl}}_{2m}(\theta )={\frac {(-1)^{m-1}(2\pi )^{2m}}{2(2m)!}}B_{2m}\left({\frac {\theta }{2\pi }}\right)$

　
: ${\text{Sl}}_{2m-1}(\theta )={\frac {(-1)^{m}(2\pi )^{2m-1}}{2(2m-1)!}}B_{2m-1}\left({\frac {\theta }{2\pi }}\right)$

其中：

　
: $B_{n}(x)=\sum _{j=0}^{n}{\binom {n}{j}}B_{j}x^{n-j}$

　
: ${\text{Sl}}_{1}(\theta )={\frac {\pi }{2}}-{\frac {\theta }{2}}$

　
: ${\text{Sl}}_{2}(\theta )={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}-{\frac {\pi \theta }{2}}+{\frac {\theta ^{2}}{4}}$

　
: ${\text{Sl}}_{3}(\theta )={\frac {\pi ^{2}\theta }{6}}-{\frac {\pi \theta ^{2}}{4}}+{\frac {\theta ^{3}}{12}}$

　
: ${\text{Sl}}_{4}(\theta )={\frac {\pi ^{4}}{90}}-{\frac {\pi ^{2}\theta ^{2}}{12}}+{\frac {\pi \theta ^{3}}{12}}-{\frac {\theta ^{4}}{48}}$

## 與多重對數函數的關係

$$
Cl2:=-(1/2*I)*(polylog(2,exp(I*\phi ))-polylog(2,exp(-I*\phi )))
$$

## 參考文獻

* Adamchik, Viktor. S. Contributions to the Theory of the Barnes Function. arXiv:math/0308086v1 .
* Clausen, Thomas. Über die Function sin φ + (1/22) sin 2φ + (1/32) sin 3φ + etc.. Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. 1832, **8**: 298–300 [2015-03-07]. ISSN 0075-4102. （原始內容存檔於 2013-10-04）.
* Wood, Van E. Efficient calculation of Clausen's integral. Math. Comp. 1968, **22** (104): 883–884. MR 0239733. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-1968-0239733-9.
* Leonard Lewin, (Ed.). _Structural Properties of Polylogarithms_ (1991) American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI. ISBN 0-8218-4532-2
* Kölbig, Kurt Siegfried. Chebyshev coefficients for the Clausen function Cl2(x). J. Comput. Appl. Math. 1995, **64** (3): 295–297. MR 1365432. doi:10.1016/0377-0427(95)00150-6.
* Borwein, Jonathan M.; Straub, Armin. Relations for Nielsen Polylogarithms (PDF). [2015-03-07]. （原始內容 (PDF) 存檔於 2013-12-12）.
* Borwein, Jonathan M.; Bradley, David M.; Crandall, Richard E. Computational Strategies for the Riemann Zeta Function (PDF). J. Comp. App. Math. 2000, **121**: 247–296 [2015-03-07]. MR 1780051. doi:10.1016/s0377-0427(00)00336-8. （原始內容存檔 (PDF) 於 2006-09-25）.
* Kalmykov, Mikahil Yu.; Sheplyakov, A. LSJK - a C++ library for arbitrary-precision numeric evaluation of the generalized log-sine integral. Comput. Phys. Comm. 2005, **172**: 45–59. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2005.04.013.  arXiv:hep-ph/0411100
* Mathar, R. J. A C99 implementation of the Clausen sums. arXiv:1309.7504 .
* Lu, Hung Jung; Perez, Christopher A. Massless one-loop scalar three-point integral and associated Clausen, Glaisher, and L-functions (PDF). 1992 [2015-03-07]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF) 於 2015-09-24）.