俄罗斯重命名城市列表

本條目是一個經過重命名的俄羅斯城鎮列表。

## 背景

城鎮重命名的歷史原因包括：

* 十月革命前，一些城市以沙皇或皇室成員（主要是皇后）之名為城市命名，從而導致地區更名，如亞美尼亞古城久姆里於 1837 年更名為亞歷山德羅波爾，以紀念沙皇尼古拉一世的妻子普魯士的夏洛特公主表示敬意，因為她在皈依了東正教後改名為「亞歷山德拉・費奧多羅芙娜」；也有城市以皇室之外的名人來命名，這些人多是為沙俄開拓疆土的冒險家與征服者，如以哈巴羅夫命名的哈巴羅夫斯克（伯力）；此外，俄國邊疆地區的一些城市的改名則有彰顯沙俄邊疆，控制該地的意味，如海參崴於 1862 年被更名為符拉迪沃斯托克（控制東方）；
* 俄國西部的一些以德語命名或拼讀的城市被改成更俄羅斯化的名字，如 1914 年，按德語拼讀的首都聖彼得堡被改為彼得格勒；
* 1917 年十月革命後，蘇俄境內原本有皇室和俄羅斯沙文主義色彩的城市被改為更有革命性、人民性和民族性的名稱，如「皇村」被 1918 年更名為「兒童村」（今普希金市），庫班地區的葉卡捷琳諾達爾 1920 年更名為克拉斯諾達爾（紅色城市），烏克蘭的亞歷山大羅夫斯克於 1921 年改為烏克蘭傳統地名扎波羅熱；此外，波羅的海三國和波蘭在十月革命後自俄國獨立，對本國的俄語地名進行了民族化，這些地名在三國被蘇聯吞併後仍被保留下來，如愛沙尼亞的列韋里被更改為塔林；
* 十月革命後，俄國城市更名潮中也有以人名命名的，但在列寧逝世前，被命名的人物多為歷史人物與烈士，以當代領袖命名的只有以托洛茨基命名的托洛茨克。在此之後，大量蘇聯城市開始被以領導人的名字來命名，並且因為政治原因，一人命數城和一城歷數名現象屢見不鮮；
* 1946 年，原屬德國的東普魯士北部地區（柯尼斯堡）成為俄羅斯的加里寧格勒州，原來的德國式地名被更改為俄羅斯式地名，參見東普魯士城鎮列表
* 二戰後蘇聯從日本手中奪取南薩哈林島和千島群島，當地的日本式地名被改為俄羅斯式地名。
* 中蘇邊界衝突後的 1972 - 1973 年，遠東地區原有的中國式地名被更改為俄羅斯式地名。
* 1991 年蘇聯解體後，原蘇聯地區再次掀起了一波更名潮，這次一般是恢復原名。

## 列表

在下表中，重命名的年份標註於新名稱後的括號中。

* 阿賓斯基 → 阿賓斯克 (1963)
* 阿迪蓋斯基 (1969) → 捷烏切日斯克 (1976) → 阿迪格斯克 (1992)
* 阿克賽斯蓋亞 → 阿克賽 (1957)
* 亞歷山德亞 (1838) → 達霍夫斯基 (1864) → 達霍夫斯基波薩德 (1874) → 索契 (1896)
* 亞歷山德羅夫斯克 (1896) → 波利亞爾內 (1939)
* 亞歷山德羅夫斯克卡亞 → 亞歷山德羅夫卡 → 亞歷山德羅夫斯基 (1917) → 落石 (1918) → 薩哈林島亞歷山德羅夫斯克 (1926)
* 阿列克山德羅夫斯克 (1860) → 阿列克山德羅夫卡 (1926) → 克拉斯諾帕蒂贊斯克 (1931) → 古比雪夫卡 - 伏爾斯托克斯那亞 (1936) → 別洛戈爾斯克 (1957)
* Alexeyevsk (1912) → Svobodny (1917)
* Almetyevo → Almetyevsk
* Antrea → Kamennogorsk (1948)
* Apsheronskaya (1863) → Apsheronsk (1947)
* Armyansky Aul (1839) → Armavir (1848)
* Arzamas-16 (1946) → Kremlyov (1991) → Sarov (1995)
* Astapovo → Lev Tolstoy (1918)
* Balanda → Kalininsk (1962)
* Bashanta → Gorodovikovsk (1971)
* Batalpashinkaya (1804) → Batalpashinsk (1931) → Sulimov (1934) → Yezhovo-Cherkessk (1937) → Cherkessk (1939)
* Beloozero (862) → Belozersk (1777)
* Belorechenskaya (1863) → Belorechensk (1958)
* Beloretsk → Mezhgorye (1995)
* Belotsarsk (1914) → Khem-Beldyr (1918) → Kyzyl (1926)
* Bikinskaya → Bikin
* Biryuch (1905) → Budyonny (1919) → Krasnogvardeyskoye (1958) → Biryuch (2007)
* Bobriki → Donskoy
* Bobriki → Stalinogorsk (1934) → Novomoskovsk (1961)
* Bogdanovo → Spassk → Bednodemyanovsk (1925) → Spassk (2005)
* Bolokhovsky → Bolokhovo
* Bondyuzhsk (1885) → Bondyuzhsky (1928) → Mendeleyevsk (1967)
* Borovskaya Sloboda → Bor (1938)
* Beryozovskoye (Björkö) → Koivisto → Primorsk (1948)
* Chegem Pervy → Chegem
* Chembar → Belinsky (1948)
* Chertanla → Novyy Uzen' (1835) → Novouzensk
* Chesnokovka → Novoaltaysk (1962)
* Chelyabinsk-40 (1945) → Chelyabinsk-65 → Ozyorsk (1994)
* Chelyabinsk-70 → Snezhinsk (1991)
* Chibyu (1929) → Ukhta (1939)
* Chinnay → Krasnogorsk
* Cranz → Zelenogradsk (1945)
* Dalles (1924) → Lesozavodsk (1932)
* Darkehmen → Angerapp (1938) → Ozyorsk (1945)
* Derbinskoye (1880) → Tymovskoye (1945)
* Dmitriyev → Dmitriyev-na-Svape → Dmitriyev
* Dmitrovka (1711) → Dmitrovsk → Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky (1929) → Dmitrovsk (2005)
* Dokshukino (1913) → Nartkala (1967)
* Dolgoprudny → Dirizhablstroy → Dolgoprudny
* Dvigatelstroy → Kaspiysk (1947)
* Dzerzhinsky → Sorsk (1966)
* Elektroperedacha → Elektrogorsk (1946)
* Enso (1887) → Svetogorsk (1948)
* Esutoru → Uglegorsk (1946)
* Fischhausen → Primorsk (1946)
* Friedland → Pravdinsk (1946)
* Galkino-Vrasskoye (1884) → Ochiai (1905) → Dolinsk (1946)
* Goly Karamysh → Baltser → Krasnoarmeysk (1942)
* Gorodetsk → Bezhetsk (1766)
* Gorodok → Zakamensk (1959)
* Grushyovskaya → Gornoye Grushyovskoye → Alexandrovsk-Grushyovsky → Shakhty (1921)
* Gukovsky → Gukovo
* Gumbinnen → Gusev
* Gundorovka (1681) → Donetsk (1955)
* Gzhatsk (1718) → Gagarin (1968)
* Heiliegenbeil → Mamonovo (1945)
* Heinrichswalde → Slavsk
* Iletskaya Zashchita → Iletsk → Iletskoye → Iletskaya Zashchita → Sol-Iletsk
* Iman (1859) → Dalnerechensk (1972)
* Insterburg → Chernyakhovsk (1946)
* Ivanovo-Voznesensk → Ivanovo
* Izhevsky Zavod (1760) → Izhevsk (1807) → Ustinov (1984) → Izhevsk (1987)
* Izhma (1939) → Sosnogorsk (1957)
* Kainsk (1772) → Kuybyshev (1935)
* Kalata (1675) → Kirovgrad (1932)
* Kaliningrad (1938) → Korolyov (1996)
* Kamen → Kamen-na-Obi
* Kamenskaya → Kamensk-Shakhtinsky
* Kamensky Zavod → Kamensk-Uralsky
* Kamyshin (1667) → Dmitriyevsk (1710) → Kamyshin (1780)
* Kasivabora → Severo-Kurilsk
* Khabarovka → Khabarovsk
* Kharovsky → Kharovsk
* Khibinogorsk → Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast
* Khlynov → Vyatka → Kirov
* Khonto (1789) → Nevelsk (1947)
* Khotchino → Gatchina → Trotsk (1923) → Krasnogvardeysk (1929) → Gatchina (1944)
* Khrushchyovskaya → Uzlovaya
* Kiyskoye → Mariinsk (1856)
* Kodinsky → Kodinsk
* Kolchugino (1763) → Lenino (1922) → Leninsk-Kuznetsky (1925)
* Komsomolsky (1962) → Yugorsk (1992)
* Korela → Keksgolm → Priozersk (1948)
* Korsakovsky Post → Otomari → Korsakov
* Kozlov (1635) → Michurinsk (1932)
* Königsberg → Kaliningrad (1946)
* Krasnaya Sloboda → Krasnoslobodsk
* Krasnoflotsky → Krasnoarmeysky → Krasnoarmeysk
* Krasnoyarsk-26 → Zheleznogorsk
* Kremlyov → Sarov (1995)
* Krestov Brod (1916) → Roshal (1917)
* Kseniyevsky (1896) → Asino (1930)
* Kudelka (1889) → Asbest (1928)
* Kukarka (1594) → Sovetsk (1937)
* Kurgannaya → Kurganinsk
* Kushvinsky Zavod → Kushva
* Kuznetsk (1618) → Novokuznetsk (1931) → Stalinsk (1932) → Novokuznetsk (1961)
* Kuznetsovo (1806) → Konakovo (1930)
* Labiau → Polessk (1946)
* Labinskaya → Labinsk
* Lagan (1870) → Kaspiysky (1944) → Lagan (1991)
* Lakinsky → Lakinsk
* Laptevo (1578) → Yasnogorsk (1965)
* Lazdinay (1734) → Lazdenen (1938) → Krasnoznamensk (1946)
* Lermontovsky → Lermontov
* Likhvin (1565) → Chekalin (1945)
* Lopasnya → Chyornoye Ozero → Chekhov
* Losinaya Sloboda → Losino-Petrovsky
* Lyantorsky → Lyantor
* Lyutoga → Rudaka → Aniva
* Maoka (Mauka) → Kholmsk
* Mechetnaya → Nikolayevsk → Pugachyov
* Medvezhyya Gora → Medvezhyegorsk
* Melekess → Dimitrovgrad
* Mikhaylovskoye → Shpakovskoye → Mikhaylovsk
* Mikhaylovsky Zavod → Mikhaylovsk
* Mikoyan-Shakhar → Klukhori → Karachayevsk
* Mukhtuya → Lensk
* Muravlenkovsky → Muravlenko
* Mysovaya → Mysovsk → Babushkin
* Naberezhnye Chelny → Brezhnev → Naberezhnye Chelny
* Nadezhdinsk → Kabakovsk → Nadezhdinsk → Serov
* Naykhoro → Gornozavodsk
* Nazyvayevskaya → Nazyvayevka → Nazyvayevsk
* Neuhausen → Guryevsk
* Nevdubstroy (1929) → Kirovsk (1953)
* Nevyansky Zavod → Nevyansk
* Nezametny (1923) → Aldan (1939)
* Nikolayevsky → Nikolayevsk → Nikolayevsk-na-Amure
* Nikolo-Pestrovka → Nikolo-Pestrovsky → Nikolsk
* Nikolskoye → Nikolsk → Nikolsk-Ussuriysky (1898) → Voroshilov (1935) → Ussuriysk (1957)
* Nikolsky Khutor (1860) → Sursk (1953)
* Nizhnetagilsky Zavod → Nizhny Tagil
* Nizhnevartovsky → Nizhnevartovsk
* Nizhnevolzhskoye (1963) → Nizhnevolzhsk (1967) → Narimanov (1984)
* Nizhniye Kresty → Chersky (1963)
* Nizhny Novgorod → Gorky (1932) → Nizhny Novgorod (1990)
* Noda → Chekhov (1947)
* Nolinsk (1668) → Molotovsk (1940) → Nolinsk (1957)
* Novaya Derevnya → Alexandrovsky → Novonikolayevsky → Novonikolayevsk → Novosibirsk
* Novaya Pokrovka → Svoboda (1943) → Liski → Georgiu-Dezh (1965) → Liski (1990)
* Novgorod → Veliky Novgorod (1998)
* Novo-Mariinsk → Anadyr
* Novoalexandrovskaya → Novoalexandrovsk
* Novokuybyshevsky → Novokuybyshevsk
* Novopavlovskaya → Novopavlovsk
* Novotroitsk → Baley
* Novovoronezhsky → Novovoronezh
* Novy Zay → Zainsk
* Novye Petushki → Petushki
* Nyakh → Nyagan
* Obdorsk → Salekhard
* Olensk → Vilyuysk
* Olkhovsky → Artyomovsk
* Olzheras → Mezhdurechensk
* Omutninsky Zavod → Omutninsk
* Oraniyenbaum → Lomonosov
* Orenburg (1743) → Chkalov (1938) → Orenburg (1957)
* Oreshek → Nöteborg → Shlisselburg → Petrokrepost → Shlisselburg
* Orlov → Khalturin → Orlov
* Osinovka → Osinniki
* Ostyako-Vogulsk → Khanty-Mansiysk
* Pavlovo → Pavlovsky Posad
* Pavlovsk → Slutsk → Pavlovsk
* Pechory → Petseri → Pechory
* Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky → Ryazan
* Permskoye → Komsomolsk-na-Amure
* Pervomaysky → Novodvinsk
* Pesochnya → Kirov
* Petergof → Petrodvorets → Petergof
* Petropavlovsky → Petropavlovsky Port → Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
* Petropavlovsky → Severouralsk
* Petrovskoye → Petrovsk-Port → Makhachkala
* Petrovskoye → Svetlograd
* Petrovsky Zavod → Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky
* Pillau → Baltiysk
* Pokrovskaya → Pokrovsk → Engels
* Pokrovskoye → Pokrovsk
* Porechye → Demidov
* Poshekhonye → Poshekhonye-Volodarsk → Poshekhonye
* Prishib → Leninsk
* Protva → Zhukov
* Pryoysish-Elau → Bagrationovsk
* Pyora → Gondatti → Vladimiro-Shimanovsky → Shimanovsk
* Raduga → Vladimir-30 → Raduzhny
* Ragnit → Neman
* Ranenburg → Chaplygin
* Rastyapino → Dzerzhinsk
* Rauschen → Svetlogorsk
* Raychikha → Raychikhinsk
* Romanov-Borisoglebsk → Tutayev
* Romanov-na-Murmane → Murmansk (1917)
* Romanovsky → Kropotkin
* 聖彼得堡 (1703) → 彼得格勒 (1914) → 列寧格勒 (1924) → 聖彼得堡 (1991)
* Samara → Kuybyshev → Samara
* Selyutora → Siritoru → Makarov
* Semyonovka → Arsenyev
* Serdobol → Sortavala
* Sereda → Furmanov
* Sergiyev Posad → Sergiyev (1919) → Zagorsk (1930) → Sergiyev Posad (1991)
* Sergiyevskoye → Plavsk
* Shakhty → Gusinoozyorsk
* Sharypovskoye → Sharypovo → Chernenko → Sharypovo
* Shcheglovo → Shcheglovsk → Kemerovo
* Shikhrany → Kanash
* Shkotovo-17 → Tikhookeansky → Fokino
* Sieklakhti → Lakhdenpokhya
* Simbirsk → Ulyanovsk
* Skalisty → Gadzhiyevo
* Slavyanskaya → Slavyansk-na-Kubani
* Solnechnogorsky → Solnechnogorsk
* Sorochinskoye → Sorochinsk
* Spassk → Spassk-Tatarsky → Kuybyshev → Bolgar
* Spasskoye → Spassk → Spassk-Dalny
* Spasskoye → Spassk → Spassk-Ryazansky
* Stakhanovo → Zhukovsky
* Stallupönen → Nesterov
* Stary Rogozhsky Yam → Bogorodsk → Noginsk
* Stavropol → Togliatti
* Stavropol → Voroshilovsk → Stavropol
* Stupinskaya → Elektrovoz → Stupino
* Suchansky Rudnik → Suchan → Partizansk
* Sudostroy → Molotovsk → Severodvinsk
* Sundyr → Mariinsky Posad
* Suyetikha → Biryusinsk
* Sverdlovsk-45 → Lesnoy
* Svobodny → Cherepanovo
* Svyatoy Krest → Prikumsk → Budyonnovsk → Prikumsk → Budyonnovsk
* Syana → Kurilsk
* Sysertsky Zavod → Sysert
* Taldom → Leninsk → Taldom
* Tapiau → Gvardeysk
* Tashino → Pervomaysk
* Temir-Khan-Shura → Buynaksk
* Terijoki → Zelenogorsk
* Tetyukhe → Dalnegorsk
* Tikhmenevsky → Sikuka → Poronaysk
* Tikhoretskaya → Tikhoretsk
* Tilsit → Sovetsk
* Tomarioru → Tomari
* Tomsk-7 → Seversk
* Toro → Shakhtyorsk
* Troitsa → Udomlya
* Troitsko-Zaozyornoye → Zaozyorny
* Troitskosavsk → Kyakhta
* Troitskoye → Troitsky → Troitsk
* Trongzund → Uuras → Trongzund → Vysotsk
* Trotsk → Chapayevsk
* Truyevo-Naryshkino → Kuznetsk
* 察里津 → 史達林格勒 → 伏爾加格勒
* Tsarskoye Selo → Detskoye Selo → Pushkin
* Tsaryovokokshaysk → Krasnokokshaysk → Yoshkar-Ola
* Tsimlyanskaya → Tsimlyansk
* Tulatovo → Iriston → Beslan
* Turyinsky → Krasnoturyinsk
* Tver → Kalinin (1931) → Tver (1990)
* Tyndinsky → Tynda
* Udinsk → Verhneudinsk → Ulan-Ude
* Ulala → Oyrot-Tura → Gorno-Altaysk
* Uralmedstroy → Krasnouralsk
* Usolye → Usolye-Sibirskoye
* Ust-Abakanskoye → Khakassk → Abakan
* Ust-Belokalitvenskaya → Belaya Kalitva
* Ust-Katavsky Zavod → Ust-Katav
* Ust-Medveditskaya → Serafimovich
* Ust-Sheksna → Rybansk → Rybnaya Sloboda (1504) → Rybnoy → Rybinsk (1777) → Shcherbakov (1946) → Rybinsk (1957) → Andropov (1984) → Rybinsk (1989)
* Ust Zeysky military post → Blagoveshchensk
* Vasilyovo → Chkalovsk
* Vayenga → Severomorsk
* Velikoknyazheskaya → Proletarskaya → Proletarsk
* Velyaminovsky → Tuapse
* Verkhneudinsky → Verkhneudinsk → Ulan-Ude
* Vinodelnoye → Ipatovo
* Vladikavkaz → Ordzhonikidze → Dzaudzhikau → Ordzhonikidze → Vladikavkaz
* Vladimirovka → Toyokhara → Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
* Volkhovstroy → Volkhov (1940)
* Volna-Khristianovsky → Novokhristianovskoye → Khristianovskoye → Digora
* Volodary → Volodarsk
* Vorontsovo-Alexandrovskoye → Sovetskoye → Zelenokumsk
* Voskresenskoye → Voskresensk → Istra (not to be confused with another Voskresensk)
* Voznesenskaya → Vereshchagino
* Vyzhaikha → Krasnovishersk
* Yagoshikha (1723) → Perm (1781) → Molotov (1940) → Perm (1957)
* Yakovlevskoye → Privolzhsk
* Yama → Yamsky Gorodok → Yama → Yamburg → Kingisepp (1922)
* Yauntlatgale → Abrene → Pytalovo
* Yegorshino → Artyomovsky
* 葉卡捷琳堡 → 斯維爾德洛夫斯克 → 葉卡捷琳堡
* Yekaterinodar (1794) → Krasnodar (1920)
* Yekaterinenstadt (Baronsk) → Marxstadt → Marks
* Yuryuzansky Zavod → Yuryuzan
* Zaozyorny-13 → Krasnoyarsk-45 → Zelenogorsk (1992)
* Zarinskaya → Zarinsk
* Zatishye → Elektrostal
* Zavolzhye → Zavolzhsk
* Zavoyko → Yelizovo
* Zernovoy → Zernograd
* Zeysky Sklad → Zeya-Pristan → Zeya
* Zhdanovsk → Zapolyarny
* Zheleznodorozhny → Yemva
* Zhirnoye → Zhirnovsky → Zhirnovsk
* Zimmerbude → Svetly
* 茲拉托烏斯特 - 36 → 三山城
* 茲梅尼 → 內維爾 - 1 → 魯赫洛沃 → 斯科沃羅季諾

## 延伸閱讀

* Bursa, G. R. F. Political Changes of Names of Soviet Towns. The Slavonic and East European Review. 1985, **63** (2) [2022-07-23]. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4209080. （原始內容存檔於 2022-06-26）.