伯利恆之星_(植物)

**虎眼萬年青屬**（學名：_Ornithogalum_，俗稱**伯利恆之星**）是分布於南歐的多年生草本被子植物。其從一個鱗莖生長，長出像草的葉子及細長的莖，最高可達 30 厘米。它有像星星般及帶綠紋的白花束，故而得名。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* _Ornithogalum abyssinicum_ Fresen.
* _Ornithogalum adanense_ Demirci & E.Kaya
* _Ornithogalum adseptentrionesvergentulum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum aetfatense_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum alatepense_ Yild. & Kiliç
* _Ornithogalum alatum_ Turrill
* _Ornithogalum albanense_ J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, 2004
* _Ornithogalum albanense_ Poelln.
* _Ornithogalum albucoides_ hort. ex Poir., 1816
* _Ornithogalum album_ Kit. ex Schult.f., 1829
* _Ornithogalum alpigenum_ Stapf
* _Ornithogalum amblyocarpum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum amphibolum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum amplificatum_ (Speta) Aslan
* _Ornithogalum anamurense_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum anatolicum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum anguinum_ F.M.Leight. ex Oberm.
* _Ornithogalum anguinum_ Leight.
* _Ornithogalum annae-ameliae_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum apertiflorum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum apiculatum_ Zahar.
* 聖星百合 _Ornithogalum arabicum_ L.
* _Ornithogalum arabicum_ Redouté, 1804
* _Ornithogalum arcuatum_ Steven
* _Ornithogalum arianum_ Lipsky
* _Ornithogalum arianum_ Lipsky ex B.Fedtsch. et al.
* _Ornithogalum armeniacum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum atticum_ Boiss. & Heldr.
* _Ornithogalum baeticum_ Boiss.
* _Ornithogalum balansae_ Boiss.
* _Ornithogalum baurii_ (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, 2004
* _Ornithogalum baurii_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum benguellense_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum beyazoglui_ Bagci, Savran & O.D.Düen
* _Ornithogalum bicornutum_ F.M.Leight.
* _Ornithogalum boeticum_
* _Ornithogalum bohemicum_ Gaudin
* _Ornithogalum bohemicum_ Lag. ex Willk. & Lange, 1862
* _Ornithogalum bohemicum_ Loisel.
* _Ornithogalum bohemicum_ Ten.
* _Ornithogalum boissieri_ Bidarlord & F.Ghahrem.
* _Ornithogalum boucheanum_ (Kunth) Asch.
* _Ornithogalum boucheanum_ Grecescu
* _Ornithogalum bourgaeanum_ Jord. & Fourr.
* _Ornithogalum brachystachys_ C.Koch
* _Ornithogalum brachystachys_ Hort.Gorenk. ex Schult.f., 1829
* _Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum_ Boiss. ex Baker
* _Ornithogalum britteniae_ F.M.Leight. ex Oberm.
* _Ornithogalum britteniae_ Leight.
* _Ornithogalum broteroi_ M.Laínz
* _Ornithogalum bulbiferum_ L. ex B.D.Jacks.
* _Ornithogalum bulbigerum_ Herb. ex Schult.f., 1829
* _Ornithogalum bulbosum_ Herb. ex Schult.f., 1829
* _Ornithogalum bungei_ Boiss.
* _Ornithogalum byzanthinum_ Strangways & Ten. ex Parl.
* _Ornithogalum byzantinum_ hort. ex Baker, 1872
* _Ornithogalum caeruleum_ Steud., 1841
* _Ornithogalum campanulatum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum campestre_ Rouy, 1910
* _Ornithogalum canaliculatum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum candicans_ (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* _Ornithogalum capaceum_ Burm.f., 1768
* _Ornithogalum capillaris_ J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
* _Ornithogalum carpaticum_ Kit.
* _Ornithogalum caucasicum_ Boiss. ex Tchich., 1860
* _Ornithogalum cernuum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum chetikianum_ Uysal, Ertugrul & Dural
* _Ornithogalum chionophilum_ Holmboe
* _Ornithogalum ciliiferum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum coccineum_ Pritz.
* _Ornithogalum collinum_ Guss.
* _Ornithogalum collinum_ Phil. ex Kunth, 1843
* _Ornithogalum comosum_ L.
* _Ornithogalum compositum_ Knaf ex Opiz
* _Ornithogalum concinnum_ Salisb.
* _Ornithogalum conicum_ Jacq.
* _Ornithogalum constrictum_ F.M.Leight.
* _Ornithogalum convallarioides_ H.Perrier
* _Ornithogalum cooperi_ (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, 2004
* _Ornithogalum corniculatum_ Hort.Belved. ex Schult.f., 1830
* _Ornithogalum cornosum_ Vis., 1829
* _Ornithogalum corsicum_ Jord. & Fourr.
* _Ornithogalum corticatum_ Mart.-Azorín
* _Ornithogalum craibii_ (Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Pinter & Wetschnig) J.C.Manning
* _Ornithogalum creticum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum cuspidatum_ Bertol.
* _Ornithogalum dalmaticum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum decipiens_ Goiron.
* _Ornithogalum decus-montium_ G.Will.
* _Ornithogalum deltoideum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum demirizianum_ H.Malyer & Koyuncu
* _Ornithogalum dictaeum_ Landström
* _Ornithogalum diphyllum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum divergens_ Boreau
* _Ornithogalum divergens_ Sanguin.
* _Ornithogalum dolichopharynx_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum dregeanum_ Kunth
* 橙花虎眼萬年青 _Ornithogalum dubium_ Houtt.
* _Ornithogalum erichpaschei_ (Speta) Uysal & Ertugrul
* _Ornithogalum esterhuyseniae_ Oberm.
* _Ornithogalum euxinum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum exaratum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum exscapum_ Ten.
* _Ornithogalum exuviatum_ J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, 2004
* _Ornithogalum falcatum_ (G.J.Lewis) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* _Ornithogalum falcatum_ B.Heyne ex Wall.
* _Ornithogalum filicaule_ J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* _Ornithogalum fimbriatum_ Willd.
* 非洲虎眼萬年青 _Ornithogalum fimbrimarginatum_ F.M.Leight.
* _Ornithogalum fischerianum_ Krasch.
* _Ornithogalum fissurisedulum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum fistulosum_ Roth
* _Ornithogalum flexuosum_ (Thunb.) U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum fragrans_ (Jacq.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, 2004
* _Ornithogalum fuscescens_ Boiss. & Gaill.
* _Ornithogalum gabrielianiae_ Agapova
* _Ornithogalum gadense_ Wight ex Wall.
* _Ornithogalum gambosanum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum geniculatum_ Oberm.
* _Ornithogalum gorenflotii_ (Moret) Speta
* _Ornithogalum graciliflorum_ K.Koch
* _Ornithogalum gracillimum_ R.E.Fr.
* _Ornithogalum graecum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum graminifolium_ Sessé & Moc.
* _Ornithogalum graminifolium_ Thunb.
* _Ornithogalum gregorianum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum gussonei_ Ten.
* _Ornithogalum haalenbergense_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum hajastanum_ Agapova
* _Ornithogalum hallii_ Oberm.
* _Ornithogalum hispidulum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum hispidum_ Hornem.
* _Ornithogalum hyrcanum_ Grossh.
* _Ornithogalum imereticum_ Sosn.
* _Ornithogalum immaculatum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum improbum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum inclusum_ F.M.Leight.
* _Ornithogalum indicum_ Koenig ex Hook.f., 1892
* _Ornithogalum indicum_ Willd., 1829
* _Ornithogalum insulare_ Kypr., E.Antal. & Tzanoud.
* _Ornithogalum intermedium_ Schleich. ex Steud., 1841
* _Ornithogalum iranicum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum iraqense_ Feinbrun
* _Ornithogalum isauricum_ O.D.Düsen & Sümbül
* _Ornithogalum joschtiae_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum junceum_ Poir., 1816
* _Ornithogalum juncifolium_ Jacq.
* _Ornithogalum juncifolium_ Ker Gawl., 1806
* _Ornithogalum khuzestanicum_ Heidaryan, Hamdi & Assadi
* _Ornithogalum kilicii_ Yild.
* _Ornithogalum kojuricum_ Parsa, 1949
* _Ornithogalum kuereanum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum kurdicum_ Bornm.
* _Ornithogalum lanceolatum_ Kunth, 1843
* _Ornithogalum lanceolatum_ Labill.
* _Ornithogalum latifolium_ Linn.Herb. ex Baker, 1873
* _Ornithogalum latifolium_ Ucria
* _Ornithogalum leeupoortense_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum libanoticum_ Boiss.
* _Ornithogalum libycum_ Beger & Vacc.
* _Ornithogalum lithopsoides_ VanJaarsv.
* _Ornithogalum lithopsoides van_ Jaarsv.
* 假海蔥 _Ornithogalum longibracteatum_
* _Ornithogalum longicollum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum luschanii_ Stapf
* _Ornithogalum luteum_ Ten.
* _Ornithogalum lychnite_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum macrum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum maculatum_ Jacq.
* _Ornithogalum magnum_ Krasch. & Schischk.
* _Ornithogalum malatyanum_ Mutlu
* _Ornithogalum mater-familias_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum mekselinae_ Varol
* _Ornithogalum merizostylum_ Steud., 1841
* _Ornithogalum microcarpum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum minimum_ Heldr. ex Nyman, 1882
* _Ornithogalum minimum_ O.F.Müll.
* _Ornithogalum minimum_ Willd., 1799
* _Ornithogalum monile_ Pall.
* _Ornithogalum monophyllum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum montanum_ Cirillo
* 山地虎眼萬年青 _Ornithogalum montanum_ Cyr. ex Ten.
* _Ornithogalum monticola_ J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, 2004
* _Ornithogalum multifolium_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum munzurense_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum mysum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum nallihanense_ Yild. & Dogru-Koca
* _Ornithogalum namaquanulum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum nanodes_ F.M.Leight.
* _Ornithogalum nanum_ Spreng., 1815
* 法國虎眼萬年青 _Ornithogalum narbonense_ Bertol., 1819
* _Ornithogalum narbonense_ Falk
* _Ornithogalum narbonense_ L.
* _Ornithogalum narbonense_ Reichard
* _Ornithogalum narbonense_ Steven
* _Ornithogalum navaschinii_ Agapova
* _Ornithogalum naviculum_ W.F.Barker
* _Ornithogalum naviculum_ W.F.Barker ex Oberm.
* _Ornithogalum naxense_ Strid
* _Ornithogalum ndellense_ A.Chev.
* _Ornithogalum nebrodense_ Mina ex Lojac., 1909
* _Ornithogalum nebrodense_ Tod.
* _Ornithogalum neopatersonia_ J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* _Ornithogalum neurostegium_ Boiss. & Blanche
* _Ornithogalum nivale_ Boiss.
* _Ornithogalum niveum_ Aiton
* _Ornithogalum nocceanum_ Balb.
* _Ornithogalum nudiflorum_ Steud., 1840
* _Ornithogalum nurdaniae_ Bagci & Savran
* 銀鐘花 _Ornithogalum nutans_ L.，垂花虎眼萬年青
* _Ornithogalum ocellatum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum oligophyllum_ E.D.Clarke
* _Ornithogalum oreoides_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum orthophyllum_ Ten.

  * 高知虎眼萬年青 _Ornithogalum orthophyllum_ subsp. _kochii_
* _Ornithogalum ostrovicense_ F.K.Mey.
* _Ornithogalum paludosum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum palustre_ Eckl.
* _Ornithogalum pamphylicum_ O.D.Düsen & Sümbül
* _Ornithogalum pascheanum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum pedicellare_ Boiss. & Kotschy
* _Ornithogalum pendens van_ Jaarsv.
* _Ornithogalum perdurans_ A.P.Dold & S.A.Hammer
* _Ornithogalum persicum_ Hausskn. ex Bornm.
* _Ornithogalum pilosum_ L.f.
* _Ornithogalum pluttulum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum polyphyllum_ Herb.Heyne ex Wall.
* _Ornithogalum polyphyllum_ Jacq.
* _Ornithogalum ponticum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum praetextum_ Steven, 1842
* _Ornithogalum prasinantherum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum prasinum_ Lindl.
* _Ornithogalum pratense_ Sadler
* _Ornithogalum princeps_ (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* _Ornithogalum pruinosum_ F.M.Leight.
* _Ornithogalum pseudotenuifolium_ Goiron
* _Ornithogalum puberulum_ Oberm.
* _Ornithogalum pullatum_ F.M.Leight.
* _Ornithogalum pumilum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum pusillum_ Noë ex Baker, 1873
* _Ornithogalum pycnanthum_ Wendelbo
* _Ornithogalum pyramidale_ L.
* _Ornithogalum pyramidale_ Ten.
* _Ornithogalum pyrenaicum_ Desf., 1798
* 庇里牛斯虎眼萬年青 _Ornithogalum pyrenaicum_ L.
* _Ornithogalum rausii_ (Speta) Danin
* _Ornithogalum refractum_ Kit. ex Schltdl.
* _Ornithogalum refractum_ Moris, 1827
* _Ornithogalum refractum_ Noë ex Nyman, 1882
* _Ornithogalum refractum_ Willd., 1814
* _Ornithogalum regale_ (Hilliard & B.L.Burtt) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* _Ornithogalum reverchonii_ Lange
* _Ornithogalum reverchonii_ Lange ex Willk.
* _Ornithogalum richtersveldensis van_ Jaarsv.
* _Ornithogalum rogersii_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum rosulatum_ (Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, A.P.Dold, M.Pinter & Wetschnig) J.C.Manning
* _Ornithogalum rotatum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum rupestre_ L.f.
* _Ornithogalum rupestre_ Schlecht. ex Kunth, 1843
* _Ornithogalum saginatum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum samariae_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum sanandajense_ Maroofi
* _Ornithogalum sandrasicum_ Yild.
* _Ornithogalum sardienii_ VanJaarsv.
* _Ornithogalum sardienii van_ Jaarsv.
* 虎眼萬年青 _Ornithogalum saundersiae_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum saxatile_ J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, 2004
* _Ornithogalum schelkownikowii_ Grossh.
* _Ornithogalum sephtonii_ Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
* _Ornithogalum sessiliflorum_ Desf.
* _Ornithogalum shirazicum_ Parsa, 1951
* _Ornithogalum sigmoideum_ Freyn & Sint.
* _Ornithogalum simile_ J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* _Ornithogalum sintenisii_ Freyn
* _Ornithogalum soleirolii_ Mutel, 1836
* _Ornithogalum sorgerae_ Wittmann
* _Ornithogalum sororium_ Schott & Kotschy
* _Ornithogalum spathaceum_ Sm., 1823
* _Ornithogalum spetae_ Wittmann
* _Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum_ A.Kern.
* _Ornithogalum sphaerolobum_ Zahar.
* _Ornithogalum stachyodes_ (Soland.) 1789
* _Ornithogalum stachyoides_ Host, 1827
* _Ornithogalum stenophyllum_ Schur, 1866
* _Ornithogalum stolzii_ Krause ex Weim., 1937
* _Ornithogalum subcoriaceum_ L.Bolus
* _Ornithogalum sulfureum_ Schult.f., 1829
* _Ornithogalum sumbulianum_ O.D.Düsen & Deniz
* _Ornithogalum sylvaticum_ Schleich. ex Kunth, 1843
* _Ornithogalum synadelphicum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum tanquanum_ (Mart.-Azorín & M.B.Crespo) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* _Ornithogalum tardum_ (Speta) Uysal & Ertugrul
* _Ornithogalum televirnum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum televrinum_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum tenuifolium_ Schur ex Nyman, 1882
* _Ornithogalum thermophilum_ F.M.Leight.
* _Ornithogalum thirkeanum_ K.Koch, 1846
* _Ornithogalum thunbergii_ Kunth
* 白雲花 _Ornithogalum thyrsoides_ Jacq.
* _Ornithogalum transbaicalense_ Pall.
* _Ornithogalum transcaucasicum_ Miscz. ex Grossh.
* _Ornithogalum trichophyllum_ Boiss.
* _Ornithogalum tropicale_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum tulbaghense_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum uitenhagense_ (Schönland) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, 2004
* _Ornithogalum ulixis_ (Speta) Raus
* _Ornithogalum uluense_ Speta
* 繖花虎眼萬年青 _Ornithogalum umbellatum_ L.
* _Ornithogalum umbratile_ Tornad. & Garbari
* _Ornithogalum vasakii_ Speta
* _Ornithogalum verae_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum viridiflorum_ (I.Verd.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* _Ornithogalum visianicum_ Tomm.
* _Ornithogalum wiedemannii_ Boiss.
* _Ornithogalum woronowii_ Krasch.
* _Ornithogalum xanthochlorum_ Baker
* _Ornithogalum yildirimlii_ Kiliç
* _Ornithogalum zebrinellum_ U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
* _Ornithogalum zeylanicum_ Hort.Belved. ex Schult.f., 1830

**雜交種：**

* _Ornithogalum ×degenianum_ Polg.
* _Ornithogalum ×gugliae_ Widder
* _Ornithogalum ×wildtii_ Podp.

**歸入本屬的物種：**

* _Albuca spirilis_ L.f.
* _Aspasia revoluta_ Salisb., 1866
* _Aspasia thyrsoides_ Salisb., 1866
* _Cathissa concinna_ Salisb., 1866
* _Cathissa unifolia_ Salisb., 1866
* _Galtonia clavata_ Baker, 1886
* _Loncomelos exalbescens_ Speta
* _Loncomelos koprulense_ Bogdanovic, Brullo & Salmeri, 2021
* _Loncomelos neuneri_ Speta
* _Uropetalon crispum_ Burch., 1816
* _Uropetalon glaucum_ Burch., 1816
* _Uropetalon hydsuricum_ Baker, 1870
* _Uropetalon maritimum_ Bojer, 1837
* _Uropetalon minimum_ Steud.
* _Uropetalon serotinum_ Webb & Berthel.
* _Uropetalon tacazzeanum_ Hochst.

另外一種名為頂冰花（英文名直譯黃色伯利恆之星）的植物則是屬於頂冰花屬的。

## 毒性

在這個種類中部分種類有毒，其毒性足以殺死食草動物。其他種類一般無毒，可以作為蔬菜食用。花的鱗莖含有的生物鹼是有毒的。

## 參考文獻