乳桿菌

**乳桿菌屬**（拉丁語：_Lactobacillus_）即為**乳酸桿菌**，是一種存在於人類體內的益生菌。乳桿菌因能夠將碳水化合物發酵成乳酸而得名，可用於製造液態優酪乳、固態奶酪、德國酸菜、啤酒、葡萄酒、泡菜、醃漬食品和其他發酵食品。益生菌能夠幫助消化，有助人體腸臟的健康，因此優酪乳被視為健康食品。

## 物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* 耐酸乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus acetotolerans Entani et al., 1986_
* _Lactobacillus acidifarinae Vancanneyt et al., 2005_
* _Lactobacillus acidipiscis Tanasupawat et al., 2000_
* 嗜酸乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus acidophilus''_ (Moro, 1900) Hansen & Mocquot, 1970，嗜酸桿菌
* 嗜酸產氣乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus acidophil-aerogenes_，嗜酸產氣桿菌，嗜酸產氣乳桿菌
* 嗜酸病原乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus acidophilus-pathogenes_
* 敏捷乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus agilis Weiss et al., 1982_
* 嗜醇乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus alcoholphilus_
* _Lactobacillus algidus Kato et al., 2000_
* _Lactobacillus alimentarius_
* _Lactobacillus amylolyticus Bohak et al., 1999_
* _Lactobacillus amylophilus Nakamura & Crowell, 1981_
* _Lactobacillus amylovorus Nakamura, 1981_
* _Lactobacillus animalis Dent & Williams, 1983_
* _Lactobacillus antri Roos et al., 2005_
* _Lactobacillus apinorum Olofsson et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus apis Killer et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus apodemi Osawa et al., 2006_
* _Lactobacillus aquaticus Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus aviarius Fujisawa et al., 1985_
* _Lactobacillus backii Tohno et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus bifermentans_
* _Lactobacillus bombi Killer et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus bombicola Praet et al., 2015_
* _Lactobacillus brantae Volokhov et al., 2012_
* 短乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus brevis_ (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1934
* _Lactobacillus buchneri_ (Henneberg, 1903) Bergey et al., 1923
* _Lactobacillus cacaonum De Bruyne et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus camelliae Tanasupawat et al., 2007_
* _Lactobacillus capillatus Chao et al., 2008_
* 乾酪乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus casei_ (Orla-Jensen, 1916) Hansen & Lessel, 1971
* _Lactobacillus caviae Killer et al., 2017_
* _Lactobacillus cerevisiae Koob et al., 2017_
* _Lactobacillus ceti Monteros, Goyache, Herraez, Tames, Cruz, Dominguez & Fernandez-Garayzabal, 2008_
* _Lactobacillus ceti Vela et al., 2008_
* _Lactobacillus coleohominis Nikolaitchouk et al., 2001_
* _Lactobacillus colini Zhang et al., 2017_
* _Lactobacillus collinoides Carr & Davies, 1972_
* _Lactobacillus composti Endo & Okada, 2007_
* _Lactobacillus concavus Tong & Dong, 2005_
* _Lactobacillus coryniformis Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965_
* _Lactobacillus crispatus_ (Brygoo & Aladame, 1953) Moore & Holdeman, 1970
* _Lactobacillus crustorum Scheirlinck et al., 2007_
* _Lactobacillus curieae Lei et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus curvatus_ (Troili-Petersson, 1903) Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965
* 德氏乳桿菌 (_L.delbrueckii_)
  * 德氏乳桿菌保加利亞亞種 _Lactobacillus delbrueckii_ subsp. _bulgaricus_，保加利亞乳桿菌
  * 德氏乳桿菌指名亞種 _Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii_
  * _Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis_
* _Lactobacillus dextrinicus_ (Coster & White, 1964) Haakensen et al., 2009
* _Lactobacillus diolivorans Krooneman et al., 2002_
* _Lactobacillus equi Morotomi et al., 2002_
* _Lactobacillus equicursoris Morita et al., 2010_
* _Lactobacillus equigenerosi Endo et al., 2008_
* _Lactobacillus fabifermentans De Bruyne et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus faecis Endo et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus farciminis_
* _Lactobacillus farraginis Endo & Okada, 2007_
* 發酵乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus fermentum_ Beijerinck, 1901
* _Lactobacillus floricola Kawasaki et al., 2011_
* _Lactobacillus florum Endo et al., 2010_
* _Lactobacillus formosensis Chang et al., 2015_
* _Lactobacillus fornicalis Dicks et al., 2000_
* _Lactobacillus fructivorans Charlton et al., 1934_
* _Lactobacillus frumenti Müller et al., 2000_
* _Lactobacillus fuchuensis Sakala et al., 2002_
* _Lactobacillus furfuricola Irisawa et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus futsaii Chao et al., 2012_
* _Lactobacillus gallinarum Fujisawa et al., 1992_
* 戈氏乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus gasseri_ Lauer & Kandler, 1980
* _Lactobacillus gastricus Roos et al., 2005_
* 加納乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus ghanensis Nielsen et al., 2007_
* _Lactobacillus gigeriorum Cousin et al., 2012_
* _Lactobacillus gorillae Tsuchida et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus graminis Beck et al., 1989_
* _Lactobacillus hammesii Valcheva et al., 2005_
* _Lactobacillus hamsteri Mitsuoka & Fujisawa, 1988_
* 哈爾濱乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus harbinensis Miyamoto et al., 2006_
* _Lactobacillus hayakitensis Morita et al., 2007_
* 黑龍江乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus heilongjiangensis Gu et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus helsingborgensis Olofsson et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus helveticus_ (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1925
* _Lactobacillus herbarum Mao et al., 2015_
* _Lactobacillus hilgardii Douglas & Cruess, 1936_
* _Lactobacillus hokkaidonensis Tohno et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus hominis Cousin et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus hordei Rouse et al., 2008_
* 惰性乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus iners_ Falsen et al., 1999
* _Lactobacillus ingluviei Baele et al., 2003_
* _Lactobacillus insicii Ehrmann et al., 2016_
* _Lactobacillus intestinalis_
* _Lactobacillus iwatensis Tohno et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus ixorae Techo et al., 2016_
* _Lactobacillus jensenii Gasser et al., 1970_
* 詹森乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus johnsonii Fujisawa et al., 1992_
* _Lactobacillus kalixensis Roos et al., 2005_
* _Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens Fujisawa et al., 1988_
* _Lactobacillus kefiri Kandler & Kunath, 1983_
* _Lactobacillus kimbladii_
* _Lactobacillus kimchicus Liang et al., 2011_
* _Lactobacillus kimchiensis Kim et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus kisonensis Watanabe et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus kitasatonis Mukai et al., 2003_
* 朝鮮乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus koreensis Bui et al., 2011_
* _Lactobacillus kullabergensis Olofsson et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus kunkeei Edwards et al., 1998_
* _Lactobacillus lindneri_
* _Lactobacillus malefermentans_
* _Lactobacillus mali Carr & Davies, 1970_
* _Lactobacillus manihotivorans Morlon-Guyot et al., 1998_
* _Lactobacillus mellifer Olofsson et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus mellis Olofsson et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus melliventris Olofsson et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus mindensis Ehrmann et al., 2003_
* _Lactobacillus mixtipabuli Tohno et al., 2015_
* _Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans Miyashita et al., 2015_
* _Lactobacillus mucosae Roos et al., 2000_
* 牡丹江乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus mudanjiangensis Gu et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus mulieris_
* _Lactobacillus murinus Hemme et al., 1982_
* _Lactobacillus nagelii Edwards et al., 2000_
* _Lactobacillus namurensis Scheirlinck et al., 2007_
* _Lactobacillus nantensis Valcheva et al., 2006_
* _Lactobacillus nasuensis Cai et al., 2012_
* 嫩江乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus nenjiangensis Gu et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus nodensis Kashiwagi et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus odoratitofui Chao et al., 2010_
* _Lactobacillus oeni Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus oligofermentans Koort et al., 2005_
* _Lactobacillus oris Farrow & Collins, 1988_
* _Lactobacillus oryzae Tohno et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus otakiensis Watanabe et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus ozensis Kawasaki et al., 2011_
* _Lactobacillus panis Wiese et al., 1996_
* _Lactobacillus panisapium_
* _Lactobacillus pantheris Liu & Dong, 2002_
* _Lactobacillus parabrevis Vancanneyt et al., 2006_
* _Lactobacillus parabuchneri Farrow et al., 1989_
* _Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al., 1989_
* _Lactobacillus paracollinoides Suzuki et al., 2004_
* _Lactobacillus parafarraginis Endo & Okada, 2007_
* _Lactobacillus paragasseri_
* _Lactobacillus parakefiri Takizawa et al., 1994_
* _Lactobacillus paralimentarius Cai et al., 1999_
* _Lactobacillus paraplantarum Curk et al., 1996_
* _Lactobacillus pasteurii Cousin et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus paucivorans Ehrmann et al., 2010_
* _Lactobacillus pentosiphilus Tohno et al., 2017_
* _Lactobacillus pentosus_
* _Lactobacillus perolens Back et al., 2000_
* _Lactobacillus plajomi Miyashita et al., 2015_
* 植物乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus plantarum_ (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1923
* _Lactobacillus pobuzihii Chen et al., 2010_
* _Lactobacillus pontis Vogel et al., 1994_
* _Lactobacillus porci_
* _Lactobacillus porcinae Nguyen et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus psittaci Lawson et al., 2001_
* _Lactobacillus rapi Watanabe et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus rennini Chenoll et al., 2006_
* _Lactobacillus reuteri Kandler et al., 1982_
* 鼠李糖乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus rhamnosus_ (Hansen, 1968) Collins et al., 1989
* _Lactobacillus rodentium Killer et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus rogosae Holdeman & Moore, 1974_
* _Lactobacillus rossiae Corsetti et al., 2005_
* _Lactobacillus ruminis Sharpe et al., 1973_
* _Lactobacillus saerimneri Pedersen & Roos, 2004_
* _Lactobacillus sakei Katagiri et al., 1934_
* 唾液乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus salivarius Rogosa et al., 1953_
* 舊金山乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis_
* _Lactobacillus saniviri Oki et al., 2012_
* _Lactobacillus satsumensis Endo & Okada, 2005_
* _Lactobacillus secaliphilus Ehrmann et al., 2007_
* _Lactobacillus selangorensis_ (Leisner et al., 2000) Haakensen et al., 2011
* _Lactobacillus senioris Oki et al., 2012_
* _Lactobacillus senmaizukei Hiraga et al., 2008_
* _Lactobacillus sharpeae Weiss et al., 1982_
* 深圳乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus shenzhenensis Zou et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus sicerae Puertas et al., 2014_
* _Lactobacillus silagei Tohno et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus silagincola Tohno et al., 2017_
* _Lactobacillus siliginis Aslam et al., 2006_
* 相似乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus similis Kitahara et al., 2010_
* 松花江乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus songhuajiangensis Gu et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus spicheri Meroth et al., 2004_
* _Lactobacillus suantsaicola Lin et al., 2020_
* _Lactobacillus sucicola Irisawa & Okada, 2009_
* _Lactobacillus suebicus Kleynmans et al., 1989_
* _Lactobacillus sunkii Watanabe et al., 2009_
* 台灣乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus taiwanensis Wang et al., 2009_
* 泰國乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus thailandensis Tanasupawat et al., 2007_
* _Lactobacillus tucceti Chenoll et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus ultunensis Roos et al., 2005_
* _Lactobacillus uvarum Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009_
* _Lactobacillus vaccinostercus Kozaki & Okada, 1983_
* _Lactobacillus vaginalis Embley et al., 1989_
* _Lactobacillus versmoldensis Kröckel et al., 2003_
* _Lactobacillus vespulae Hoang et al., 2015_
* _Lactobacillus vini Rodas et al., 2006_
* _Lactobacillus wasatchensis Oberg et al., 2016_
* 襄樊乳桿菌 _Lactobacillus xiangfangensis Gu et al., 2012_
* _Lactobacillus xujianguonis_
* _Lactobacillus yonginensis Yi et al., 2013_
* _Lactobacillus zeae_
* _Lactobacillus zymae Vancanneyt et al., 2005_

## 參見

* 益生菌
* 優酪乳
* 益力多
* 可爾必思

## 參考資料

## 外部連結

* Prakash, S. et al. 「The Gut Microbiota and Human Health with an Emphasis on the Use of Microencapsulated Bacterial Cells」, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (2011),（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* 維基物種上的相關資訊：乳桿菌屬
* List of species of the genus Lactobacillus
* Interna （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） tionally certified patented strains （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）