亞歷斯·麥利殊

**亞歷山大・"亞歷斯"・麥克萊什**（英語：**Alexander "Alex" McLeish**，1959 年 1 月 21 日 —）是一名蘇格蘭前足球運動員，退役後擔任總教練，曾兩度執教蘇格蘭。生於蘇格蘭格拉斯哥，麥克萊什在 1980 年代效力處於黃金時期的亞伯丁，司職中後衛，為俱樂部上場接近 500 場，並曾為蘇格蘭參賽 77 場國際賽。

他於馬瑟韋爾和希伯尼開展總教練事業，其後轉投格拉斯哥流浪者，任教 5 年期間贏得兩次聯賽錦標和 5 項盃賽冠軍。麥克萊什出任蘇格蘭主帥 10 個月，差一點未能帶隊闖入 2008 年歐洲國家盃決賽圈。他於 2007 年 11 月辭職加盟英超的伯明罕城，雖然球隊於球季結束後降級，但一年後即重返英超。伯明罕城贏得聯賽盃冠軍，但球隊再次於季後降級英冠。麥克萊什請辭後轉投伯明罕城同市死敵阿斯頓維拉，是首名直接由伯明罕城加盟維拉的總教練，亦是繼朗・桑達士（Ron Saunders）後第二位曾分別任教伯明罕城兩支頂級球隊的總教練。麥克萊什帶領下維拉於 2011/12 年球季僅以兩分之微倖免降級，但他仍難逃被辭退的命運。約隱 11 個月後，於 2012 年 12 月獲聘為英冠諾丁漢森林的新帥，惟上任僅 40 日便下堂求去。

為表揚他對蘇格蘭體壇的貢獻，亞伯丁大學於 2008 年頒授榮譽博士學位予麥克萊什。

## 生平

### 早年

麥克萊什在蘇格蘭格拉斯哥的杜克街醫院（Duke Street Hospital）出生，父親老阿歷斯（Alex）是一名船廠工人，母親名為珍（Jean），家裡還有兩名弟妹安琪拉（Angela）和伊安（Ian）。曾分別居於格拉斯哥的柏克黑德（Parkhead）和堅寧公園（Kinning Park），但於麥克萊什達到上學年齡後不久舉家遷移到倫弗魯郡（Renfrewshire）的巴爾黑德（Barrhead）定居。他就讀於斯普林希爾小學（Springhill Primary）和巴爾黑德高中（Barrhead High School），其後轉到佩斯利的約翰・尼爾森高中（John Neilson High School）。

少年時期麥克萊什代表巴爾黑德青年會（Barrhead Youth Club）和格拉斯哥聯（Glasgow United）上場，亦曾短時間在漢密爾頓接受訓練。1976 年麥克萊什為格拉斯哥聯在一場地區盃賽決賽上場，包括亞伯丁時任總教練艾利・麥李歐德（Ally MacLeod）在內的代表團到場觀戰，翌日麥克萊什便簽約正式加盟亞伯丁。

### 球員

#### 俱樂部

**亞伯丁年代**

麥克萊什加盟亞伯丁後的首兩個球季大部分時間在預備隊參賽，並曾外借到地區初級球隊劉易斯聯（Lewis United）。他在比利・麥尼爾（Billy McNeill）麾下首次為一隊上場是於 1978 年 1 月 2 日的新年檔期對鄧迪聯；而他的首場主要決賽是在亞歷克斯・佛格森任內於 1978/79 年度蘇格蘭聯賽盃以 1-2 負於格拉斯哥流浪者中後補登場。但其後的 7 個球季麥克萊什取得重大的成就，分別贏得 8 個本土及 2 個歐洲錦標。職業生涯亮點包括為「導師」（Dons）上場第 200 場於 1982 年蘇格蘭足協盃決賽以 4-1 擊敗格拉斯哥流浪者中取得進球，及在 1983 年的歐洲盃賽冠軍盃決賽擊敗皇家馬德里奪標。

During this period, McLeish formed a formidable defensive triumvirate with 威利・米勒（Willie Miller） and 吉姆・禮頓（Jim Leighton） for both club and country. When Ferguson left in 1986 to go to 曼聯，he tried to get McLeish to sign, but it did not work out; he also had talks with 熱刺。他在 1990 年贏得蘇格蘭 FWA 足球先生，after a season in which Aberdeen won both domestic cups. He was captain of Aberdeen after the retirement of Willie Miller.

Even after he had won his first 蘇格蘭 cap, McLeish's father asked then Aberdeen boss 亞歷克斯・佛格森 to persuade him to continue training as an 會計師.

#### 國家隊

麥克萊什是代表蘇格蘭歷史以來擁有出場次數最多排名第三位，由 1980 年開始至 1993 年期間總共 77 場。 He was first capped for the 蘇格蘭 U21 team while still a reserve player at Aberdeen by his former club manager Ally MacLeod, eventually gaining six caps at that level. His full international debut came on 26 March 1980 against 葡萄牙，manager 澤克・史甸 playing him in midfield alongside 阿奇・格米爾（Archie Gemmill） and 格林美・桑拿士. He played in three 世界盃 with 蘇格蘭，in 1982 年，1986 年 and 1990 年. He is a member of both the 蘇格蘭足球名人堂 and the 蘇格蘭足球國際賽代表榮譽榜. On the occasion of his 50th cap, against 盧森堡 in 1987, McLeish was appointed team captain for the game. His final cap came on 17 February 1993 in a 3–0 win over 馬爾他 at 咸普頓公園球場 during the 1994 年世界盃 qualifiers. He never scored in his 77 appearances for Scotland.

### 總教練

**馬瑟韋爾**

After his successful playing career he quickly went into football 管理 with 馬瑟韋爾 in 1994, one year before he retired as a player. His first season at Motherwell saw him take the 拉納克郡（Lanarkshire） club to second in the Premier Division behind 禾達・史密夫's 格拉斯哥流浪者. However, he failed to build on this success and the next two season were spent in relegation battles. He resigned as manager to take over at 希伯尼 in 1998.

**希伯尼**

McLeish took over a struggling Hibernian side, which was relegated from the 蘇格蘭足球聯賽超級聯賽 in 1998 despite a slight upturn in fortunes under McLeish. He then guided the 愛丁堡 team back to the 蘇超 at the first attempt by winning the 蘇甲 championship.

Hibernian consolidated in their first season back in the top division, finishing mid-table and reaching the 蘇格蘭足協盃 semi-final. In the 2000–01 season, Hibs started very strongly. Eventually they had to settle for third place and a Scottish Cup final appearance. This performance attracted the attention of bigger clubs, including 西漢姆 and 格拉斯哥流浪者.

McLeish attracted top players such as 羅素・拉達比（Russell Latapy） and former 法國國腳 弗蘭克・索濟（Franck Sauzée） to Hibs. He also helped develop young striker 堅尼・米拿（Kenny Miller）, who would later go on to play for Scotland.

During this period McLeish worked towards and was awarded a 歐洲足總專業牌照（UEFA Pro Licence）.

**格拉斯哥流浪者**

His work at Hibs was noticed, and he was linked with several moves to England, before he was appointed as 格拉斯哥流浪者 manager in December 2001 after outgoing Rangers manager 迪克・艾禾卡特 recommended McLeish to chairman 大衛・梅利（David Murray）.

McLeish was an instant success at Rangers, winning both the 蘇格蘭足協盃 and 蘇格蘭聯賽盃 in his first season, but the big prize of the league title was essentially lost before his arrival. His second season saw him go one better when he won the domestic treble, with the help of players such as 朗奴・迪保亞 and 巴利・佛格森.

Rangers' worsening financial state saw many of his top players leave in the summer of 2003. Celtic won the league comfortably in season 2003–04, and Rangers failed to win any trophies. McLeish was consequently put under pressure from fans after his poor signings and a record run of seven consecutive derby losses to Celtic.

The high profile 博斯曼法案 signings of 桑 - 阿蘭・保桑 and 達多・柏素 in the close season of 2004–05 gave Rangers renewed hope of regaining the title from Celtic's grasp. McLeish's team won the 2005 league title on a dramatic last day, an outcome that had looked highly unlikely after Rangers fell five points behind leaders Celtic with just four games remaining.

After this unexpected success, McLeish and his Rangers team headed into the 2005/06 年球季 SPL campaign as favourites to retain the championship. McLeish made a number of signings, including 朱利安・羅德里格斯（Julien Rodriguez） and 伊恩・梅利（Ian Murray）, despite having little money to spend. After a reasonable start to the season, including a win over Celtic, Rangers suffered a series of poor results between September and November. This period included a club record of 10 games without a win. However the tenth match of this run, a 1–1 draw with 國際米蘭 in the 歐洲冠軍聯賽，took Rangers into the knockout stages of the tournament for the first time.

Despite the poor domestic form, McLeish guided Rangers to the last 16 of the Champions League, where they were defeated on the 作客入球優惠制 by 比利亞雷阿爾. They became the first Scottish team to progress this far in the European Cup since 1993, and the first Scottish team to progress through a European group stage. In December, chairman David Murray publicly announced his support for McLeish. Rangers then went on a good run of results in December and January.

This run of good results came to a sudden halt when they were defeated 3–0 by Hibernian in the Scottish Cup, prompting protests outside Ibrox against both McLeish and David Murray. On 9 February 2006, it was announced by chairman David Murray that McLeish would be standing down as manager at the end of that season.

It was later announced that he would be succeeded by former 里昂 manager 保羅・利古恩（Paul Le Guen）. Rangers beat 哈茨 2–0 at 埃布羅克斯球場 in his final match as manager.

**蘇格蘭國家隊**

McLeish said after leaving Rangers that he would not manage another Scottish club, because he felt that he had achieved everything in the Scottish game. He was linked in the media with a number of managerial positions in England while he worked as a television pundit for the 英國廣播公司 and 塞坦塔體育頻道（Setanta Sports）.

McLeish took charge of the 蘇格蘭國家隊 on 29 January 2007. His assistants in the job were 羅伊・艾特肯（Roy Aitken） and 安迪・華特森（Andy Watson）.

McLeish's first game in charge of the national team was a 2008 年歐洲國家盃外圍賽 match, a 2–1 victory against 喬治亞 on 24 March 2007 at 咸普頓公園球場. His second game was an away fixture against 義大利 on 28 March 2007 which ended in a 2–0 defeat.

McLeish's Scotland side then went on to defeat the 法羅群島 away in June, 立陶宛 at home in September before recording a historic victory in 巴黎 four days later by defeating 法國 1–0 in the 王子公園體育場。占士・麥法頓（James McFadden）'s 64th-minute strike from 30 yards was enough to earn Scotland the win and returned them to the top of Group B with three games to play. This result has been hailed as one of the Scotland national team's greatest victories. Scotland's next success was at home to 烏克蘭，winning 3–1 at Hampden on 13 October. McLeish suffered his second defeat as manager, away in Georgia on 17 October. This result left him facing a decider against the World Champions, Italy. Scotland lost the game, McLeish's last, and Italy qualified for the finals.

**伯明罕城**

2007 年 11 月 27 日，蘇格蘭足球協會發出聲明拒絕英格蘭足球超級聯賽俱樂部伯明罕城向其提出要求准許接觸麥克萊什商討接任總教練之要求但同日麥克萊什於出席完於南非舉行之 2010 年世界盃外圍賽抽簽儀式返回蘇格蘭後就向蘇格蘭足球協會辭任蘇格蘭國家隊總教練。翌日，伯明罕城宣佈麥克萊什為新任總教練並簽約三年半，他於蘇格蘭國家隊的助手 Roy Aitken 及 Andy Watson 會一併加盟。麥克萊什稱他一直希望能每日和球員一起工作及能於英超俱樂部擔任管理，能有此挑戰他感到很興奮。

He enjoyed a positive managerial debut with Birmingham, winning 3–2 away to 熱刺。在 2008 年 1 月的 轉會窗，McLeish strengthened Birmingham's squad, 簽下 大衛・梅菲 與 占士・麥法頓（James McFadden） 又將簽下阿根廷 U20 小國腳 的毛羅・薩拉特 on loan, while generating funds by allowing fringe players to leave. He was unable to save Birmingham from relegation, despite the team recording an impressive 4–1 victory over 布萊克本流浪者 on the last day of the season.

McLeish changed the club's backroom staff and training procedures, appointed 大衛・華特森 as goalkeeping coach, and overhauled the scouting setup, bringing in 保羅・蒙哥馬利（Paul Montgomery） – the scout who recommended a relatively unknown 迪迪埃・德羅巴 to 西漢姆 – to oversee player recruitment.

On the final day of the 2008–09 season, McLeish secured Birmingham's return to the top flight of English football at the first attempt with a 2–1 away victory over 雷丁. By mid-January 2010, he had guided them to a 12-game unbeaten run, a club record in the top division, set a Premier League record by selecting the same starting eleven for nine consecutive games, and been named 「英超每月最佳總教練」for December 2009, the first Birmingham manager to receive the award. By the end of the season McLeish had led Birmingham to ninth place, their highest finish for more than 50 years.

Following Birmingham's success during the 2009–10 season, McLeish agreed a new three-year deal with the club in September 2010.
In February 2011, McLeish led Birmingham to victory in the 聯賽盃，defeating favourites 兵工廠 2–1 in 決賽 at 溫布利球場 in what he described as "relatively speaking, ... [his] greatest achievement".
However, a poor run of form followed the League Cup win, and Birmingham were relegated to the 英格蘭足球冠軍聯賽 on the last day of the 2010–11 season.2011 年 5 月 23 日，伯明罕城代理主席稱麥克萊什會繼續擔任總教練職位，最重要任務是下一球季能取得返回英超資格。2011 年 6 月 12 日，伯明罕城証實麥克萊什以電郵形式向俱樂部請辭。

**阿斯頓維拉**

2011 年 6 月 17 日，剛辭職伯明罕城總教練 5 天後，同市球隊阿斯頓維拉任命麥克萊什為總教練並簽約三年即時生效。 There was much controversy surrounding his appointment as Birmingham City claimed McLeish was still under contract and filed a complaint against Aston Villa to the Premier League while Villa claimed McLeish was a free agent. 阿斯頓維拉球迷於正式任命麥克萊什為總教練前一日在維拉公園球場外進行抗議及塗鴉，之後一些反對麥克萊什塗鴉被抺掉。 麥克萊什首名簽入的球員為在曼城不受重用的守門員沙伊・基雲，並簽約五年，接著以 950 萬英鎊購入維根法國籍邊鋒查爾斯・恩佐比亞簽約五年。 麥克萊什首場帶領阿斯頓維拉的正式比賽為英超作客卡雲農舍球場對富勒姆，最終以 0–0 握手言和。之後第二輪英超主場對布萊克本流浪者比賽以 3–1 勝出，為麥克萊什帶來首場勝利。但接著四場英超比賽都是和局收場。到第七輪英超主場對維根以 3–1 勝出。 但在第八輪英超作客曼城時被 1–4 撃敗，結朿當季不敗紀錄。 麥克萊什於 2011 年大除夕當日英超作客切爾西並以 3–1 反勝可稱為當季代表作。2013 年 1 月 12 日美職聯洛杉磯銀河同意將羅比・基恩借用至阿斯頓維拉到 2 月 25 日。而羅比・基恩於 2012 年 1 月 21 日英超保級大戰作客狼隊時於連入兩球令阿斯頓維拉反勝 3–2。麥克萊什所帶領之維拉於 2011/12 年英超球季排名第 16 位，比降級俱樂部只多兩分及創出全季只得四場主場勝出比賽之最差紀錄。 2012 年 5 月 14 日阿斯頓維拉宣佈由於成績差及表現未如理想即時辭退總教練麥克萊什。 麥克萊什至今仍保持阿斯頓維拉歷任總教練歷史上得勝率最差總教練，只得 21.4%。

**諾丁漢森林**

麥克萊什於 2012 年 12 月 27 日就任英冠俱樂部諾丁漢森林新總教練。

2013 年 2 月 5 日，麥克萊什上任總教練 40 天後因成績欠佳，與經雙方同意，離職諾丁漢森林。在任期間比賽 7 場 (6 場聯賽、1 場足協盃)，只取得 1 勝 2 和 4 負成績。

## 榮譽

### 球員

**亞伯丁**

* 蘇格蘭足球超級聯賽冠軍（3）：1979/80 年、1983/84 年、1984/85 年；
* 蘇格蘭足協盃冠軍（5）：1981/82 年、1982/83 年、1983/84 年、1985/86 年、1989/90 年；
* 蘇格蘭聯賽盃冠軍（2）：1985/86 年、1989/90 年；
* 歐洲盃賽冠軍盃冠軍（1）：1982/83 年；
* 歐洲超級盃冠軍（1）：1983 年；

### 總教練

**馬瑟韋爾**

* 蘇格蘭足球超級聯賽亞軍（1）：1994/95 年；

**希伯尼**

* 蘇格蘭足球甲級聯賽冠軍（1）：1998/99 年；
* 蘇格蘭足協盃亞軍（1）：2001 年；

**格拉斯哥流浪者**

* 蘇格蘭足球超級聯賽冠軍（2）：2002/03 年、2004/05 年；
* 蘇格蘭足協盃冠軍（2）：2002 年、2003 年；
* 蘇格蘭聯賽盃冠軍（3）：2002 年、2003 年、2005 年；

**伯明罕城**

* 英格蘭足球冠軍聯賽亞軍（1）：2008/09 年；
* 英格蘭聯賽盃冠軍（1）：2010/11 年；

### 個人

* 蘇格蘭足球名人堂：2005 年入選；
* 蘇超每月最佳總教練（9）：2000 年 10 月、2002 年 2 月、2002 年 9 月、2003 年 2 月、2003 年 8 月、2003 年 9 月、2004 年 11 月、2005 年 2 月、2006 年 1 月 ；
* 英超每月最佳總教練（1）：2009 年 12 月 ；

## 參考資料

## 外部連結

* 足球資料庫：亞歷斯・麥克萊什的總教練統計數據
* 亞歷斯・麥克萊什於 scottishfa.co.uk