Pleurobranchidae

**側鰓科**（學名：Pleurobranchidae），亦作**側鰓海牛科**，是分類學上海蛞蝓的一個科、海洋腹足綱軟體動物側鰓類支序的成員。過往是背楯目之下的一個科，現時是裸側類支序的成員。

側鰓科的物種有一個突出的外套膜，其內殼在成年後會退化或完全消失。已經觀察到一些成年物種以海鞘類為食。側鰓科物種的幼蟲可以是浮游性的（以浮游生物為食）、營養性的（從卵黃中獲取營養）或直接發育的。

許多物種從其豐富的腺體外套膜中分泌出分泌物，作為對天敵的化學防禦。甚至有報導說能產生硫酸。

## 分類

直到 2005 年，這個科都被置於背楯亞目中。然而，在「Bouchet 和 Rocroi 對腹足目的分類」（2005 年）中，側鰓科被置於側鰓總科中，是側鰓類（與裸鰓類是姐妹類）的惟一一科，是裸側類的一部分。

以下為本科之下的屬和物種：

* _Berthellina_
  * _Berthellina citrina_ (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828)
* _Pleurobranchus_
  * _Pleurobranchus forskalii_ (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828)
  * 明月側鰓 _Euselenops luniceps_ (Cuvier, 1817)

### Pleurobranchinae 亞科

* _Bathyberthella_
  * _Bathyberthella antarctica_ Willan and Bertsch, 1987
* 側鰓海蛞蝓屬 _Berthella_ de Blainville, 1824
  * _Berthella africana_ Pruvot-Fol, 1953
  * _Berthella agassizi_ MacFarland, 1909
  * _Berthella americana_ A. E. Verrill, 1885
  * _Berthella aurantiaca_ Risso, 1818
  * _Berthella caledonica_ Dall, 1900
  * _Berthella californica_ Dall, 1900 California sidegill slug
  * _Berthella canariensis_ Cervera, J.L., T.M. Gosliner, J.C. García-Gómez & J. Ortea, 2000
  * _Berthella elongata_ Cantraine, 1835
  * 馬丁側鰓海蛞蝓 _Berthella martensi_ Pilsbry, 1896
  * _Berthella medietas_ R. Burn, 1962
  * _Berthella ocellata_ delle Chiaje, 1830
  * _Berthella ornata_ T.F. Cheeseman, 1878
  * _Berthella patagonica_ d'Orbigny, 1837
  * _Berthella platei_ Bergh, 1898
  * _Berthella plumula_ Montagu, 1803
  * _Berthella sideralis_ Lovén, 1846
  * _Berthella stellata_ Risso, 1826
  * _Berthella strongi_ MacFarland, 1966
  * _Berthella tamiu_ Ev. Marcus, 1984
  * _Berthella tupala_ Er. Marcus, 1957
* _Berthellina_ Gardiner, 1936  
  * _Berthellina amarillus_ Mattox, 1953
  * _Berthellina americanus_ Verrill, 1885
  * _Berthellina circularis_ Mörch, 1863
  * _Berthellina citrina_ Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828 (synonym of _Gymnotoplax citrina_ Er. Marcus, 1957 )
  * _Berthellina delicata_ W.H. Pease, 1861
  * _Berthellina edwardsi_ Vayssière, 1897
  * _Berthellina engeli_ Gardiner, 1936
  * _Berthellina granulata_ (Krauss, 1848)
  * _Berthellina ilisima_ Marcus, Er. & Ev. Marcus, 1967
  * _Berthellina quadridens_ Mörch, 1863 (junior synonym of _Gymnotoplax quadridens_)
* _Boreoberthella_ Martynov & Schrödl, 2009
* _Bouvieria_ Vayssière, 1896 : synonym of _Berthella_ Blainville, 1824
  * _Bouvieria auriantiaca_ Risso, 1813
  * _Bouvieria ocellata_ S. delle Chiaje, 1828
  * _Bouvieria perforata_ Philippi, 1844
* _Gigantonotum_: synonym of _Berthella_ Blainville, 1824
  * _Gigantonotum album_ Lin, G. & S. Tchang, 1965
* _Gymnotoplax_ Pilsbry, 1896 : synonym of _Berthella_ Blainville, 1824
  * _Gymnotoplax citrina_ Er. Marcus, 1957
  * _Gymnotoplax engeli_ Gardiner, 1936
  * _Gymnotoplax quadridens_
* _Oscanius_ Leach, 1847 : synonym of _Pleurobranchus_ Cuvier, 1804
  * _Oscanius tuberculatus_ Meckel, 1808
* _Parabathyberthella_: synonym of _Bathyberthella_ Willan, 1983
  * _Parabathyberthella eltanini_ Dell, 1990
  * _Parabathyberthella orcadensis_ Talavera, F.G., J.C. García-Gómez, J.S. Troncoso & J.L. Cervera, 1994
* _Pleurehdera_ Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
  * _Pleurehdera haraldi_ Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
* _Pleurobranchus_ Cuvier, 1805
* _Polictenidia_: synonym of _Bathyberthella_ Willan, 1983
  * _Polictenidia tomasi_ Talavera, F.G., J.S. Troncoso, J.L. Cervera & J.C. García-Gómez, 1996
* _Susania_: synonym of _Pleurobranchus_ Cuvier, 1804
  * _Susania testudinaria_ Cantraine, F.J., 1840 (synonym of _Pleurobranchus testudinarius_)
* _Tomthompsonia_
  * _Tomthompsonia antarctica_ Thiele, 1912

### 無殼側鰓亞科

無殼側鰓亞科（Pleurobranchaeinae）現時被提升為無殼側鰓科（Pleurobranchaeidae Pilsbry, 1896）。

## 參考資料

## 外部連結

* Scientists just collected a mysterious 'purple orb' at the bottom of the ocean, but no one could anticipate what happened next (Video). Business Insider. July 30, 2016 [July 30, 2016].
* Richard C. Willan, Description of a New Pleurobranch (Opisthobranchia, Notaspidea) from Antarctic with a review of Notaspideans from South Polar Seas; The Veliger 29 (3), 1987 p. 292-302 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）