Photobacterium

**發光桿菌屬**（**Photobacterium**）又叫光合細菌，是弧菌目弧菌科的一個屬。染色性質上屬於革蘭氏陰性菌。普遍的存在於海洋環境中和海洋生物體的體表和少許海洋生物的腸道中。

## 發光桿菌症

光桿菌症（photobacteriosis）是養殖海鱺最常見的細菌性疾病，尤其是好發於海上箱網。本病病原為發光桿菌，病魚發病時體色變黑，消瘦，肝、腎、脾等臟器會出現白色結節，又稱為類結節症、假性結核病或巴斯德桿菌症，發病率逾六成，致死率達五成以上。世界各地也相繼報導此病嚴重危害養殖魚類，如日本的青甘鰺、黑鯛、赤點石斑魚、條紋梭魚、比目魚及瓜子鱲；以色列、歐洲及地中海的金頭鯛及歐洲海鱸；美國的條紋鱸及美洲狼鱸；台灣、美國及地中海的雜交條紋鱸等。發光桿菌症致死率高、宿主範圍廣泛及疫情見於世界各地，對養殖魚類而言，是一種危害性極高的細菌性疾病之一。

## 下屬物種

* _Photobacterium aestuarii_ Lo et al. 2014
* _Photobacterium alginatilyticum_ Wang et al. 2017
* _Photobacterium andalusiense_ Labella et al. 2019
* 狹小發光桿菌 _Photobacterium angustum_ Reichelt et al. 1979
* _Photobacterium aphoticum_ Lucena et al. 2011
* _Photobacterium aplysiae_ Seo et al. 2005
* _Photobacterium aquae_ Liu et al. 2014
* _Photobacterium aquimaris_ Yoshizawa et al. 2009
* 銀色發光桿菌 _Photobacterium argenteus_
* 波羅的海發光桿菌 _Photobacterium balticum_
* 貝氏發光桿菌 _Photobacterium belozerskii_
* 喀拉伯發光桿菌 _Photobacterium caraibicum_
* _Photobacterium carnosum_ Hilgarth et al. 2018
* 搖蚊發光桿菌 _Photobacterium chironomi_
* _Photobacterium chitinilyticum_ Wang et al. 2019
* 冠狀發光桿菌 _Photobacterium coronata_
* 藍磷光發光桿菌 _Photobacterium cyanophosphorescens_
* 美人魚發光桿菌 _Photobacterium damsela_ (Love et al. 1982) Smith et al. 1991，美人魚李斯道氏菌，美人魚利斯頓氏菌
  * 美人魚發光桿菌殺魚亞種 _Photobacterium damsela_ subsp. _piscicida_
* _Photobacterium damselae_ corrig. (Love et al. 1982) Smith et al. 1991
* 退化發光桿菌 _Photobacterium degenerans_
* 台兒加底發光桿菌 Photobacterium delgadensis
* 費氏發光桿菌 _Photobacterium fischeri_ (Beijerinck 1889) Reichelt and Baumann 1973，本種以最早研究發光細菌的學生之一 B．Fischer 的名字命名。
* _Photobacterium frigidiphilum_ Seo et al. 2005
* _Photobacterium gaetbulicola_ Kim et al. 2010
* _Photobacterium galatheae_ Machado et al. 2015
* _Photobacterium ganghwense_ Park et al. 2006
* 膠黏發光桿菌 _Photobacterium glutinosa_
* _Photobacterium halotolerans_ Rivas et al. 2006
* 哈氏發光桿菌 _Photobacterium harveri_
* 組胺發光桿菌 _Photobacterium histaminum_ Okuzumi et al. 1994
* _Photobacterium iliopiscarium_ (Onarheim et al. 1995) Urakawa et al. 1999
* _Photobacterium indicum_ (Johnson and Weisrock 1969) Ivanova et al. 2004
* _Photobacterium indicum_ (Johnson and Weisrock 1969) Xie and Yokota 2004
* _Photobacterium jeanii_ Chimetto et al. 2010
* _Photobacterium kishitanii_ Ast et al. 2007
* 鰒發光桿菌 _Photobacterium leiognathi_ Boisvert et al. 1967
* _Photobacterium lipolyticum_ Yoon et al. 2005
* _Photobacterium logei_ (ex Bang et al. 1978) Harwood et al. 1980
* _Photobacterium lucens_ Enciso-Ibarra et al. 2020
* _Photobacterium lutimaris_ Jung et al. 2007
* _Photobacterium malacitanum_ Labella et al. 2019
* _Photobacterium panuliri_ Deep et al. 2015
* 明亮發光桿菌 _Photobacterium phosphoreum_ (Cohn 1878) Beijerinck 1889
* _Photobacterium piscicola_ Figge et al. 2015
* 深海發光細菌 _Photobacterium profundum_ Nogi et al. 1998
* _Photobacterium proteolyticum_ Li et al. 2017
* _Photobacterium rosenbergii_ Thompson et al. 2005
* _Photobacterium salinisoli_ Li et al. 2019
* _Photobacterium sanctipauli_ Moreira et al. 2015
* _Photobacterium sanguinicancri_ Gomez-Gil et al. 2016
* _Photobacterium swingsii_ Gomez-Gil et al. 2011
* _Photobacterium toruni_ Labella et al. 2017

## 文獻參考

* Watson, 1984. Bergey,s manual of systematic bacteriology.Volumel p539-545.
* **LPSN** - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature