Sphingidae

**天蛾科**（學名：**Sphingidae**）是鱗翅目的一科，科名取自希臘語「Sphinx」，即希臘神話中的怪物「斯芬克斯」。
天蛾科下轄 200 多個屬，約 1,450 個品種。本科物種大多數於熱帶生活，但其每一個地區都有其蹤影。本科昆蟲主要特徵是前翅狹長，後翅呈短三角形，複眼大，胸部粗壯，腹部末端尖及呈流線型，觸角端部細而彎曲。體型中等到大，所以可作快速及持續的飛行，最長可達每小時 40 到 50 公里。

## 分類

### 早期分類

在 1903 年，Rothschild and Jordan 最先為天蛾科物種作科學化的分類，以物種有沒有感毛（microtrichia），把整個科分為感毛組與無感毛組兩大組，下設五亞科七大族，分別如下：

* 無感毛組 (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) Janse, 1932
  * 面形天蛾亞科：約 40 屬 200 種
  * 雲紋天蛾亞科（Ambulicinae）
* 感毛組 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
  * 透翅天蛾亞科
  * 蜂形天蛾亞科
  * 斜紋天蛾亞科

### 現時分類

現時的分類把原來的無感毛組一分為二，成為了天蛾亞科和目天蛾亞科；而原來的感毛組成為現在的長喙天蛾亞科。

天蛾科以下的 200 多個屬，現時分作三個亞科，分別如下：

* 天蛾亞科
  * 面形天蛾族
  * 天蛾族
* 目天蛾亞科
  * 鷹翅天蛾族（_Ambulycini_）
  * 目天蛾族（_Smerinthini_）
  * 絨天蛾族（_Sphingulini_）
* 長喙天蛾亞科 Harris, 1839
  * Dilophonotini 族
  * 長喙天蛾族
  * Philampelini 族

### 屬

* _Acanthosphinx_ Aurivillius, 1892
* 面形天蛾屬 _Acherontia_ Laspeyres, 1809
* _Acosmerycoides_ Mell, 1922
* _Acosmeryx_ Boisduval, 1874
* _Adhemarius_ Oiticica, 1939
* _Aellopos_ Hübner, 1819
* _Afroclanis_ Carcasson, 1968
* _Afrosataspes_ Basquin & Cadiou, 1986
* _Afrosphinx_ Carcasson, 1968
* _Agnosia_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Agrius_ Hübner, 1819
* _Akbesia_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Aleuron_ Boisduval, 1870
* _Altijuba_ Lachlan, 1999
* _Ambulyx_ Westwood, 1847
* _Amorpha_ Hübner, 1809
* _Ampeloeca_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Ampelophaga_ Bremer & Grey, 1853
* _Amphimoea_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Amphion_ Hübner, 1819
* _Amplypterus_ Hübner, 1819
* _Anambulyx_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Andriasa Walker, 1856_
* _Angonyx Boisduval, 1874_
* _Antinephele Holland, 1889_
* _Apocalypsis Butler, 1876_
* _Arctonotus Boisduval, 1852_
* _Atemnora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Autogramma Oiticica, 1946_
* _Avinoffia Clark, 1929_
* _Baniwa Lichy, 1981_
* _Barbourion Clark, 1934_
* _Basiothia Walker, 1856_
* _Batocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Bergmania Bryk, 1946_
* _Berutana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Cadiouclanis Eitschberger, 2007_
* _Callambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Callionima Lucas, 1857_
* _Callosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1916_
* _Calymnia Walker, 1856_
* _Cautethia Grote, 1865_
* _Cechenena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Cechetra_
* _Celerio Oken, 1815_
* _Centroctena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Cephonodes Hübner, 1819_
* _Ceratomia Harris, 1839_
* _Cerberonoton_
* _Ceridia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Chaerocina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Chelacnema_
* _Chloroclanis_ Carcasson, 1968
* _Cizara_ Walker, 1856
* _Clanidopsis_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Clanis_ Hübner, 1819
* _Clarina Tutt, 1903_
* _Cocytius Hübner, 1819_
* _Coelonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Coenotes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Coequosa Walker, 1856_
* _Compsogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Compsulyx Holloway, 1979_
* _Craspedortha Mell, 1922_
* _Cressonia Grote & Robinson, 1865_
* _Cypa Walker, 1864_
* _Cypoides Matsumura, 1921_
* _Dahira Moore, 1888_
* _Daphnis Hübner, 1819_
* _Daphnusa Walker, 1856_
* _Darapsa Walker, 1856_
* _Dargeclanis Eitschberger, 2007_
* _Degmaptera Hampson, 1896_
* _Deidamia Clemens, 1859_
* _Deilephila Laspeyres, 1809_
* _Diludia Grote & Robinson, 1865_
* _Dolba Walker, 1856_
* _Dolbina Staudinger, 1887_
* _Dolbogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Dovania_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Elibia_ Walker, 1856
* _Ellenbeckia_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Enpinanga_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Enyo_ Hübner, 1819
* _Erinnis_
* _Erinnyis Hübner, 1819_
* _Euchloron Boisduval, 1875_
* _Eumorpha Hübner, 1807_
* _Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway, 1989_
* _Euproserpinus Grote & Robinson, 1865_
* _Eupyrrhoglossum Grote, 1865_
* _Euryglottis Boisduval, 1874_
* _Eurypteryx Felder, 1874_
* _Falcatula Carcasson, 1968_
* _Gehlenia Bryk, 1944_
* _Giganteopalpus Huwe, 1895_
* _Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858_
* _Grammodia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Grillotius Rougeot, 1973_
* _Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching, 1990_
* _Gurelca Kirby, 1880_
* _Gynoeryx Carcasson, 1968_
* _Gynoeryx Guenée, 1865_
* _Haemaris Dalman, 1816_
* _Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982_
* _Hemaris Dalman, 1816_
* _Hemeroplanes Hübner, 1819_
* _Heppneriana_
* _Himantoides Butler, 1877_
* _Hippotion Hübner, 1819_
* _Hopliocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Hoplistopus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Hyles Hübner, 1819_
* 松天蛾屬 _Hyloicus_ Hübner, 1819
* _Hypaedalea_ Butler, 1877
* _Hypaedalia_ Butler, 1877
* _Ihlegramma_ Eitschberger, 2003
* _Imber_ Moulds, Tuttle & Lane, 2010
* _Isognathus_ Felder & Felder, 1862
* _Isogramma_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Isoparce_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Kentrochrysalis_ Staudinger, 1887
* _Kloneus_ Skinner, 1923
* _Langia Moore, 1872_
* _Laothoe Fabricius, 1807_
* _Lapara Walker, 1856_
* _Lepchina Oberthür, 1904_
* _Leptoclanis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Leucomonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Leucophlebia Westwood, 1847_
* _Leucorhampha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Leucostrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Likoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Litosphingia Jordan, 1920_
* _Lomocyma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Lophostethus Butler, 1876_
* _Lycosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Maassenia Saalmüller, 1884_
* _Macroglossum Scopoli, 1777_
* _Macropoliana Carcasson, 1968_
* _Madoryx Boisduval, 1875_
* _Malgassoclanis Carcasson, 1968_
* _Manduca Hübner, 1807_
* _Marumba Moore, 1882_
* _Megacorma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Meganoton Boisduval, 1874_
* _Metamimas Butler, 1877_
* _Micracosmeryx Mell, 1922_
* _Microclanis Carcasson, 1968_
* _Microsphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Mimas Hübner, 1819_
* _Mioclanis Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994_
* _Monarda Druce, 1896_
* _Morwennius Cassidy, Allen & Harman, 2002_
* _Nannoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Neoclanis Carcasson, 1968_
* _Neococytius Hodges, 1971_
* _Neogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaw, 1993_
* _Neopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968_
* _Nephele Hübner, 1819_
* _Notonagemia_
* _Nyceryx Boisduval, 1874_
* _Oberthurion Clark, 1923_
* _Odontosida Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Oligographa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Opistoclanis Jordan, 1929_
* _Oplerclanis Eitschberger, 2007_
* _Orecta Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Oryba Walker, 1856_
* _Oxyambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Pachygonidia Fletcher, 1982_
* _Pachylia Walker, 1856_
* _Pachylioides Hodges, 1971_
* _Pachysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Panogena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Pantophaea Jordan, 1946_
* _Pantophaea Oiticica, 1946_
* _Paonias Hübner, 1819_
* _Paratrea Grote, 1903_
* _Parum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Pentateucha Swinhoe, 1908_
* _Pergesa Walker, 1856_
* _Perigonia Herrich-Schäffer, 1854_
* _Phanoxyla Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Philodila Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Pholus Hübner, 1819_
* _Phryxus Hübner, 1819_
* _Phyllosphingia Swinhoe, 1897_
* _Phylloxiphia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Pierreclanis Eitschberger, 2007_
* _Platysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Poliana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Poliodes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Polyptychopsis Carcasson, 1968_
* _Polyptychus Hübner, 1819_
* _Praedora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Proserpinus Hübner, 1819_
* _Protaleuron Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Protambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Protoparce Burmeister, 1855_
* _Pseudandriasa Carcasson, 1968_
* _Pseudenyo Holland, 1889_
* _Pseudoangonyx Eitschberger, 2010_
* _Pseudoclanis Rothschild, 1894_
* _Pseudodolbina Rothschild, 1894_
* _Pseudopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968_
* _Pseudosphinx Burmeister, 1856_
* _Psilogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Rethera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Rhadinopasa Druce, 1880_
* _Rhadinopasa Karsch, 1891_
* _Rhagastis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Rhodafra Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939_
* _Rhodoprasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Rhyncholaba Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_
* _Rothinjoa_
* _Rufoclanis Carcasson, 1968_
* _Sagenosoma Jordan, 1946_
* _Sagenosoma Oiticica, 1946_
* _Sataspes Moore, 1857_
* _Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895_
* _Smerinthus Latreille, 1802_
* _Sphecodina Blanchard, 1840_
* _Sphingidites Kernbach, 1967_
* _Sphingonaepiopsis Wallengren, 1858_
* _Sphingoneopsis Wallengren, 1858_
* _Sphingulus Staudinger, 1887_
* 天蛾屬 _Sphinx_ Linnaeus, 1758
* _Stolidoptera_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Synoecha_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Syzygia_ Grote & Robinson, 1865
* _Temnora_ Walker, 1856
* _Temnoripais_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Tetrachroa_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1909
* _Thamnoecha_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Theretra_ Hübner, 1819
* _Thibetia_ Joicey & Kaye, 1917
* _Tinostoma_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Triptogon_ Ménétriés, 1857
* _Trogolegnum_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Unzela_ Walker, 1856
* _Viriclanis_ Aarvik, 1999
* _Xanthopan_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* _Xenosphingia_ Jordan, 1920
* _Xylophanes_ Hübner, 1819
* _Zacria_ Haxaire & Melichar, 2003

## 參考資料

## 外部連結

* 維基物種上的相關資訊：天蛾科
* European Butterflies and Moths
* Sphingidae of the United States
* Family Sphingidae at Lepidoptera.pro
* Pictures
* Australian Museum Fact Sheet - Hawk Moths（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* CATE-Sphingidae: a recently initiated project to produce a "one-stop shop" for Sphingidae taxonomy（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* CSIRO: Australian Moths Online - Sphingidae
* ACG Sphingidae of Costa Rica images.
* List of Sphingidae Types（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (Museum Witt München).
* Flickr（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Images, mosly excellent