Monodonta

**草蓆鐘螺屬**（學名：_Monodonta_），是原始腹足目鐘螺科的一屬。

拉馬克於 1801 年將本屬從林奈的鐘螺屬（_Trochus_）中分離出來，以草蓆鐘螺（_Monodonta labio_）為模式種。

本屬的學名直譯就是「單齒螺」，而這名稱也是來自中國大陸的文獻最普遍使用的譯名。然而，「單齒螺」這個譯名有歧義：還有另一個螺的屬也可譯作「單齒螺」；但本屬的台灣譯名「草蓆鐘螺屬」並不會引起歧義，所以本條採取了這個譯名。

## 特徵

本屬通常擁有厚重的圓錐狀螺旋形硬殼，殼表面光滑或有螺旋凸紋，開口外緣內面有褶皺。瓷質的短軸柱堅固、呈膨大圓柱狀、近基部或多或少帶鋸齒狀，齒與基底邊緣之間有方形槽溝紋。殼洞高位開口而寬闊。

## 分布

從印度洋中西部、中印半島、馬來群島至大洋洲，包括菲律賓、日本、澳洲（北領地、昆士蘭州、西澳大利亞州）等都有本屬的分布。

## 物種

本屬物種計有：

* _Monodonta australis_ (Lamarck, 1816)
* _Monodonta canalifera_ Lamarck, 1816
* 圓草蓆鐘螺 _Monodonta confusa_ Tapparone-Canefri, 1874
* _Monodonta gibbula_ Thiele, 1925
* _Monodonta glabrata_ Gould, 1861
* 草蓆鐘螺 _Monodonta labio_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Monodonta lugubris_ Lamarck, 1822
* _Monodonta nebulosa_ Forsskal in Niebuhr, 1775
* 黑草蓆鐘螺 _Monodonta neritoides_ (Philippi, 1849)
* 扭鐘螺 _Monodonta perplexa_ Pilsbry, 1889
* _Monodonta turbinata_
* _Monodonta vermiculata_ (P. Fischer, 1874)
* _Monodonta viridis_ Lamarck, 1816

**曾列於本屬名下的物種異名：**

* _Monodonta (Osilinus)_ Philippi, 1847 = _Osilinus_ Philippi, 1847
* _Monodonta adelaidae_ Philippi, 1849 = _Chlorodiloma adelaidae_ (Philippi, 1849)
* _Monodonta aegyptiaca_ Lamarck, 1822 = _Rubritrochus declivis_ (Forskål, 1775)
* _Monodonta alveolata_ A. Adams, 1853 = _Herpetopoma instrictum_ (Gould, 1849)
* _Monodonta angulifera_ A. Adams, 1853 = _Perrinia angulifera_ (A. Adams, 1853)
* _Monodonta belliaei_ Michaud, 1829 = _Homalopoma sanguineum_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Monodonta berthelotii_ d'Orbigny, 1840 = _Clanculus berthelotii_ (d'Orbigny, 1840)
* _Monodonta bourcierei_ Crosse, 1863 = _Herpetopoma instrictum_ (Gould, 1849)
* _Monodonta carchedonius_ Lamarck, 1822 = _Modulus carchedonius_ (Lamarck, 1822)
* _Monodonta clathrata_ A. Adams, 1853 = _Vaceuchelus clathratus_ (A. Adams, 1853)
* _Monodonta colubrina_ (Gould, 1851) = _Osilinus sauciatus_ (Koch, 1845)
* _Monodonta conica_ Gray, 1827 = _Thalotia conica_ (Gray, 1827)
* _Monodonta constellata_ (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1863) = _Trochus constellatus_ Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1863
* _Monodonta constricta_ Lamarck, 1822 = _Austrocochlea constricta_ (Lamarck, 1822)
* _Monodonta coronaria_ Lamarck, 1816 = _Tectarius grandinatus_ (Gmelin, 1791)
* _Monodonta couturii_ Payraudeau, B.-C., 1826 = _Clanculus corallinus_ (Gmelin, J.F., 1791)
* _Monodonta crinita_ Philippi, 1849 = _Chlorodiloma crinita_ (Philippi, 1849)
* _Monodonta dama_ (Philippi, 1848): synonym of _Monodonta nebulosa_ Forsskal in Niebuhr, 1775
* _Monodonta draparnaudii_ Payraudeau, 1826 = _Phorcus articulatus_ (Lamarck, 1822)
* _Monodonta fischeri_ Montrouzier [in Souverbie & Montrouzier], 1866 = _Herpetopoma fischeri_ (Montrouzier [in Souverbie & Montrouzier], 1866); synonym of _Herpetopoma exasperatum_ (A. Adams, 1853)
* _Monodonta foveolata_ A. Adams, 1853 = _Vaceuchelus clathratus_ (A. Adams, 1853)
* _Monodonta fragaroides_ Lamarck, 1822 = _Phorcus turbinatus_ (Born, 1778)
* _Monodonta fulgurata_ (Philippi, 1846): synonym of _Oxystele fulgurata_ (Philippi, 1848)
* _Monodonta glomus_ Philippi, 1844 = _Clanculus jussieui_ (Payraudeau, 1826)
* _Monodonta immanis_ Fischer, 1880 = _Monodonta labio_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Monodonta jussieui_ Payraudeau, 1826 = _Clanculus jussieui_ (Payraudeau, 1826)
* _Monodonta kraussii_ Philippi, 1846 = _Clanculus kraussii_ (Philippi, 1846)
* _Monodonta lessoni_ Payraudeau, 1826 = _Gibbula divaricata_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Monodonta limbata_ Philippi, 1844 = _Danilia tinei_ (Calcara, 1839)
* _Monodonta lineata_ (Da Costa, 1778) synonym of _Osilinus lineatus_ (da Costa, 1778)
* _Monodonta margaritaria_ Philippi, 1846 = _Clanculus margaritarius_ (Philippi, 1846)
* _Monodonta melaurchelonis_ Philippi = _Monodonta labio_ (Linnaeus, 1758)
* _Monodonta mutabilis_ (Philippi, 1846) = _Phorcus mutabilis_ (Philippi, 1846)
* _Monodonta obscura_ (Wood, 1828): synonym of _Priotrochus obscurus_ (W. Wood, 1828)
* _Monodonta olivieri_ Payraudeau, 1826 = _Phorcus turbinatus_ (Born, 1778)
* _Monodonta punicea_ Philippi, 1846 = _Clanculus puniceus_ (Philippi, 1846)
* _Monodonta richardi_ Payraudeau, 1826</small = _Phorcus richardi_ (Payraudeau, 1826)

* _Monodonta rubra_ A. Adams, 1851 = _Herpetopoma rubrum_ (A. Adams, 1851)

* _Monodonta sagittifera_ Lamarck = _Oxystele impervia_ (Menke, 1843)

* _Monodonta subrostrata_ Gray, 1835 = _Diloma subrostrata_ (Gray, 1835)

* _Monodonta tigrinus_ Odhner, 1923 = _Oxystele tigrina_ (Anton, 1838)

* _Monodonta tinei_ Calcara, 1839 = _Danilia tinei_ (Calcara, 1839)

* _Monodonta tridentata_ Potiez & Michaud, 1838 = _Tegula tridentata_ (Potiez & Michaud, 1838)

* _Monodonta tuberculata_ A. Adams, 1853 = _Monodonta labio_ (Linnaeus, 1758)

* _Monodonta ulvae_ Risso, 1826 = _Phorcus articulatus_ (Lamarck, 1822)

* _Monodonta vieilliotii_ Payraudeau, 1826 = _Clanculus cruciatus_ (Linnaeus, 1758)

## 參考文獻

* Lamarck, 1799, Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 1: 74; Monodon [Cuvier, 1817] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.
* Montfort, 1810, _Conchyliologie systématique_, 2: 194; Unjustified emendation of Monodonta
* Moore, R.C. (1964). _Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part 1._ Kansas : University of Kansas Press and Geological Society of America. Vol.1
* Donald K.M., Kennedy M. & Spencer H.G. (2005) _The phylogeny and taxonomy of austral monodontine topshells (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae), inferred from DNA sequences_. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 474-483.
* Williams S.T., Donald K.M., Spencer H.G. & Nakano T. (2010) _Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea)_. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:783-809.

## 外部連結