Millettia

**崖豆藤屬**（學名：_**Millettia**_），是豆科蝶形花亞科下的一個屬，為喬木或灌木植物。該屬共有約 150 種，分布於熱帶和亞熱帶地區，例如牛大力（又稱「美麗崖豆藤」；Snowy Millettia）。

屬名 _Millettia_ 為紀念 18 世紀法國植物學家 J. A. Millett 而命名。

Hu 等人（2000 年）指出崖豆藤屬是一個高度異質性的屬，在 Dunn (1912) 承認的 16 個組中，4 個組隨後被其他學者提升為屬：白花組 (Millettia sect. Albiflorae Dunn)、小苞組 (M. sect. Bracteatae Dunn) 分別被 Geesink (1984) 處理為白崖豆屬 (_Imbralyx_ R. Geesink) 和內翅豆屬 (_Endosamara_ R. Geesink)；澳洲組 (M. sect. Austromillettia Dunn) 被 Compton (2019) 提升為澳腰豆屬 (_Austrocallerya_ R. Geesink)；Compton (2019) 將寬序組 (M. sect. Eurybotrtae Dunn) 分為 3 個屬：雞血藤屬 (_Callerya_ Endl.)、南海藤屬 (_Nanhaia_ J. Compton & Schrire) 和夏藤屬 (_Wisteriopsis_ J. Compton & Schrire)。白崖豆屬被置於刀豆氨酸群 (canavanine group) 中，與多數崖豆藤屬物種不同，後五屬現屬於紫藤族 (Tr. Wisterieae X. Y. Zhu)，與崖豆藤族演化關係甚遠。

## 用途

水黃皮（_Millettia pinnata_）的種子可供榨油，油含量約為重量的 25%，在印度為生物柴油的原料。

## 物種

本屬原來有更多物種，後來昆明雞血藤屬（_Callerya_）從本屬獨立出去，帶走了不少物種。下列為現時本屬尚餘的部分物種：

* _Millettia aboensis_ (Hook.) Baker
* _Millettia achtenii_ DeWild.
* _Millettia acuticarinata_ Baker f.
* _Millettia acutiflora_ Gagnep.
* _Millettia ahernii_ Merr. & Rolfe
* _Millettia angustidentata_ DeWild.
* _Millettia angustistipellata_ DeWild.
* _Millettia aromatica_ Dunn
* _Millettia aurea_ (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
* 滇南崖豆 _Millettia austroyunnanensis_ Y.Y.Qian
* _Millettia barteri_ (Benth.) Dunn
* _Millettia bequaertii_ DeWild.
* _Millettia bilaspurensis_ Prasad, 2006
* _Millettia bipindensis_ Harms
* _Millettia boniana_ Gagnep.
* _Millettia borneensis_ Adema
* _Millettia brachycarpa_ Merr.
* 鎮康崖豆藤 _Millettia brandisiana_ Kurz
* _Millettia brevistipellata_ DeWild.
* _Millettia bussei_ Harms
* _Millettia cabrae_ DeWild.
* _Millettia caerulea_ Baker
* _Millettia cana_ Benth.
* _Millettia capuronii_ Du Puy & Labat
* _Millettia caudata_ (Benth.) Baker
* _Millettia chrysamaryssa_ Adema
* _Millettia chrysophylla_ Dunn
* _Millettia churiensis_ Prasad & Awasthi, 1996
* _Millettia comosa_ (Micheli) Hauman
* _Millettia conraui_ Harms
* _Millettia coriacea_ Dunn
* _Millettia cornscans_ Dunn
* _Millettia coruscans_ Dunn
* 紅河崖豆 _Millettia cubittii_ Dunn
* _Millettia decipiens_ Prain
* _Millettia delevoyi_ DeWild.
* _Millettia densiflora_ Mattapha, Lanors. & Lamxay
* _Millettia dinklagei_ Harms
* _Millettia diptera_ Gagnep.
* 異色崖豆藤 _Millettia discolor_ DeWild.
* 滇緬崖豆藤 _Millettia dormardi_
* _Millettia drastica_ Welw. ex Baker
* _Millettia dubia_ DeWild.
* _Millettia duchesnei_ DeWild.
* _Millettia dura_ Dunn
* _Millettia ebenifera_ (Bertol.) J.E.Burrows & Lötter
* _Millettia echthyochtona_ Drake
* _Millettia eetveldeana_ (Micheli) Hauman
* _Millettia elliptica_ Wight & Arn.
* _Millettia elongatistyla_ J.B.Gillett
* _Millettia elskensii_ DeWild.
* 榼藤子崖豆藤 _Millettia entadoides_ Z.Wei
* _Millettia eriocarpa_ Dunn
* 紅萼崖豆 _Millettia erythrocalyx_ Gagnep.
* _Millettia exauriculata_ Hauman
* 擴展崖豆藤 _Millettia extensa_ (Bentham) Bentham ex Baker, 1876
* _Millettia fallax_ Craib
* _Millettia ferruginea_ (Hochst.) Hochst. ex Baker
* _Millettia filipes_ Dunn
* _Millettia fruticosa_ (DC.) Benth. ex Baker
* _Millettia fulgens_ Dunn
* _Millettia gallifalgrans_ Whitmore，也拼作 _Millettia galliflagrans_
* _Millettia geerinckiana_ O.Lachenaud
* _Millettia glabra_ Adema
* _Millettia glaucescens_ Kurz
* _Millettia goossensii_ (Hauman) Polhill
* _Millettia gracilis_ Welw. ex Baker
* _Millettia grandis_ (E.Mey.) Skeels
* 孟連崖豆 _Millettia griffithii_ Dunn
* _Millettia griffoniana_ Baill.
* _Millettia harmandii_ Gagnep.
* _Millettia harmsiana_ DeWild.
* _Millettia hedraeantha_ Harms
* _Millettia hitsika_ Du Puy & Labat
* _Millettia hockii_ DeWild.
* _Millettia hylobia_ Louis ex Hauman
* _Millettia hypolampra_ Harms
* 鬧魚崖豆 _Millettia ichthyochtona_ Drake
* _Millettia imlibasensis_ Prasad et al., 1999
* _Millettia impressa_ Harms
* _Millettia irvinei_ Hutch. & Dalziel
* 粗枝崖豆樹 _Millettia kangensis_ Craib
* _Millettia kathgodamensis_ Prasad et al., 2004
* _Millettia kennedyi_ Hoyle
* _Millettia kerrii_ L.K.Phan
* _Millettia kerrii_ P.K.Lôc
* _Millettia klainei_ Dunn
* _Millettia koilabasensis_ Prasad, 1990
* _Millettia lacus-alberti_ J.B.Gillett
* _Millettia lane-poolei_ Dunn
* 瀾滄崖豆藤 _Millettia lantsangensis_
* _Millettia lasiantha_ Dunn
* _Millettia lasiantha_ Hutch. & Dalziel ex G.P.Cooper & Record
* _Millettia lastoursvillensis_ Pellegr.
* 非洲崖豆木 _Millettia laurentii_ DeWild.
* _Millettia lebrunii_ Hauman
* _Millettia lecomtei_ Dunn
* _Millettia lenneoides_ Vatke
* _Millettia leonensis_ Hepper
* 思茅崖豆 _Millettia leptobotrya_ Dunn
* _Millettia letestui_ Pellegr.
* 垂序崖豆 _Millettia leucantha_
* _Millettia liberica_ Jongkind
* _Millettia limbutuensis_ DeWild.
* _Millettia longipes_ Perkins
* _Millettia lucens_ (Scott Elliot) Dunn
* _Millettia lucida_ Gagnep.
* _Millettia lundensis_ E.P.Sousa
* _Millettia macrophylla_ Benth.
* _Millettia macrophylla_ Taub.
* 大穗崖豆 _Millettia macrostachya_ Collett & Hemsl.
* _Millettia macroura_ Harms
* _Millettia madondensis_ Harms
* _Millettia makondensis_ Harms
* _Millettia mannii_ Baker
* _Millettia melanocarpa_ (Hauman) Adomou
* _Millettia merrillii_ Perkins
* _Millettia micans_ Taub.
* _Millettia mildbraedii_ Harms
* _Millettia miobrandisiana_ Prasad, 1994
* _Millettia mioinermis_ Prasad et al., 2017
* _Millettia mossambicensis_ J.B.Gillett
* _Millettia nathaliae_ Du Puy & Labat
* _Millettia nepalensis_ R.Parker
* _Millettia nigrescens_ Gagnep.
* 亮葉崖豆藤 _Millettia nitida_
* _Millettia notoensis_ Ishida, 1970
* _Millettia nudiflora_ Welw. ex Baker
* _Millettia nutans_ Welw. ex E.P.Sousa
* _Millettia nyangensis_ Pellegr.
* _Millettia oblata_ Dunn
* _Millettia oodlabariensis_ Antal & Prasad, 1996
* 香港崖豆 _Millettia oraria_ (Hance) Dunn
* _Millettia orientalis_ Du Puy & Labat
* _Millettia ovatus_ Tripathi et al., 2002
* _Millettia oyemensis_ Pellegr.
* 厚果崖豆藤 _Millettia pachycarpa_ Benth.
* 海南崖豆藤 _Millettia pachyloba_ Drake
* _Millettia palaeocubithii_ Awasthi & Prasad, 1990
* _Millettia palaeomanii_ Dwivedi et al., 2006
* _Millettia palaeoracemosa_ Awasthi & Prasad, 1990
* _Millettia pallens_ Stapf
* _Millettia paucijuga_ Harms
* _Millettia peguensis_ Ali
* _Millettia penduliformis_ Gagnep.
* _Millettia penicillata_ Gagnep.
* _Millettia phuwuaensis_ Mattapha & Suddee
* _Millettia pilosa_ Hutch. & Dalziel
* 水黃皮 _Millettia pinnata_
* _Millettia piscidia_ (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.
* _Millettia platyphylla_ Merr. ex Dunn
* _Millettia podocarpa_ Dunn
* _Millettia prakashii_ Shashi et al., 2007
* _Millettia principis_ Gagnep.
* _Millettia pseudoracemosa_ Thoth. & S.Ravik.
* _Millettia psilopetala_ Harms
* _Millettia pterocarpa_ Dunn
* 薄葉崖豆 _Millettia pubinervis_ Kurz
* _Millettia puerarioides_ Prain
* _Millettia puguensis_ J.B.Gillett
* 印度崖豆 _Millettia pulchra_ (Voigt) Kurz
* _Millettia purniyagiriensis_ Shashi et al., 2007
* _Millettia pyrrhocarpa_ Mattapha, F.Forest & Hawkins
* _Millettia rhodantha_ Baill.
* _Millettia richardiana_ (Baill.) Du Puy & Labat
* _Millettia rigens_ (Craib) Niyomdham
* _Millettia ripicola_ E.P.Sousa
* _Millettia rubiginosa_ Wight & Arn.
* _Millettia rufa_ Backer
* _Millettia sacleuxii_ Dunn
* _Millettia sanagana_ Harms
* 無患子葉崖豆藤 _Millettia sapindifolia_ T.C.Chen
* _Millettia sapinii_ DeWild.
* _Millettia schliebenii_ Harms
* _Millettia semseii_ J.B.Gillett
* _Millettia sereti_ DeWild.
* _Millettia sericantha_ Harms
* _Millettia sericea_ (Vent.) Benth.
* _Millettia sericea_ (Vent.) Wight & Arn. ex Hassk.
* _Millettia sericea_ Wight & Arn.
* _Millettia setigera_ Dunn
* _Millettia siwalica_ Prasad, 1994
* _Millettia slendidissima_ Náves
* _Millettia solomonensis_ Verdc.
* _Millettia soyauxii_ Taub.
* _Millettia spec_ Vatke
* 美葉崖豆藤 _Millettia splendens_ Wight & Arn.
* _Millettia stenopetala_ Hauman
* _Millettia stipellatissima_ Hauman
* _Millettia stipulata_ Dunn
* _Millettia stuhlmannii_ Taub.
* _Millettia subpalmata_ Dunn
* _Millettia suddeei_ Mattapha & Tetsana
* _Millettia takou_ Lorougnon
* _Millettia tanaensis_ J.B.Gillett
* _Millettia taolanaroensis_ Du Puy & Labat
* _Millettia tecta_ (Craib) Mattapha & Chantar.
* _Millettia tenuipes_ Merr.
* _Millettia tessmannii_ Harms
* 四翅崖豆 _Millettia tetraptera_ Kurz
* _Millettia theuszii_ (Büttner) De Wild.
* _Millettia thollonii_ Dunn
* _Millettia thonneri_ DeWild.
* _Millettia thonningii_ (Schumach. & Thonn.) Baker
* _Millettia trifoliata_ Dunn
* _Millettia ulbrichiana_ Harms
* _Millettia urophylloides_ DeWild.
* _Millettia usaramensis_ Taub.
* _Millettia vanderysti_ DeWild.
* _Millettia vankerckhovenii_ DeWild.
* _Millettia vankerckoveni_ De Wild.
* _Millettia vatkei_ L.K.Phan
* 絨毛崖豆 _Millettia velutina_ Dunn
* _Millettia velvetina_ Adema
* _Millettia verruculosa_ Gagnep.
* 變色崖豆藤 _Millettia versicolor_ Welw. ex Baker, 1871
* _Millettia viridiflora_ O.Lachenaud
* _Millettia warneckei_ Harms
* 韋直崖豆藤 _Millettia weizhii_ Z.Q.Song
* _Millettia wellensii_ DeWild.
* _Millettia wieringae_ Adomou
* _Millettia wirghtiana_ Prain
* _Millettia xylocarpa_ Miq.
* _Millettia xylocarpia_ Miq.
* _Millettia zechiana_ Harms

**歸入本屬的物種：**

* _Galedupa bijuga_ Roxb.
* _Galedupa megasperma_ Roxb.
* _Galedupa taiwaniana_ Hayata, 1913

## 牛大力之中醫療用

其根可入藥，味甘、性平，能舒筋活絡、補脾潤肺。

## 參考文獻