Erythroxylum

**古柯屬**（學名：_Erythroxylum_）是古柯科下的一個屬，為灌木或小喬木植物。該屬共有古柯等 250 種，分布於熱帶、亞熱帶地區，部分種可製毒。

## 物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* _Erythroxylon areolatum_ Linnaeus, 1759
* _Erythroxylum acrobeles_ Gentner
* _Erythroxylum acuminatum_ Ruiz & Pav.
* _Erythroxylum acutifolium_ Steud. ex O.E.Schulz, 1907
* _Erythroxylum acutum_ Gentner
* _Erythroxylum aerolatum_ L.
* _Erythroxylum affine_ A.St.-Hil.
* _Erythroxylum alaternifolium_ A.Rich.
* _Erythroxylum amazonicum_ Peyr.
* _Erythroxylum ambiguum_ Peyr.
* _Erythroxylum americanum Fisch. ex Steud._
* _Erythroxylum amplifolium Baill._
* _Erythroxylum amplum Benth._
* _Erythroxylum andrei Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum angelicae Loiola_
* _Erythroxylum anguifugum C.Mart._
* _Erythroxylum annamense Tardieu_
* _Erythroxylum apiculatum Diogo_
* _Erythroxylum areolatum Billb. ex Beurl._
* _Erythroxylum areolatum L._
* _Erythroxylum argentinum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum armatum Oviedo & Borhidi_
* _Erythroxylum arrajodoi O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum arrojadoi O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum australe F.Muell._
* _Erythroxylum ayrtonianum Loiola & M.F.Sales_
* _Erythroxylum banaoense Oviedo_
* _Erythroxylum bangii Rusby_
* _Erythroxylum baracoense Borhidi_
* _Erythroxylum barbatum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum bequaertii Standl._
* _Erythroxylum betulaceum Mart._
* _Erythroxylum bezerrae Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum bicolor O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum boinense H.Perrier_
* _Erythroxylum boivinianum Baill._
* _Erythroxylum bradeanum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum brennae D' Arcy & Schanen_
* _Erythroxylum brevipes DC._
* _Erythroxylum buxifolium Lam._
* _Erythroxylum buxus Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum caatingae Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum calothamnus Lign. & Fig._
* _Erythroxylum calyptratum Komada & Tagane_
* _Erythroxylum cambodianum L.Pierre ex O.E.Schulz, 1907_
* _Erythroxylum cambodianum Pierre_
* _Erythroxylum campestre A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum campinense Amaral_
* _Erythroxylum capitatum Baker_
* _Erythroxylum carajasense (Plowman) Costa-Lima_
* _Erythroxylum cassinoides Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch._
* _Erythroxylum cataractarum Spruce ex Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum catharinense Amaral_
* _Erythroxylum catuaba A.J.Silva ex Raym.-Hamet_
* _Erythroxylum chilpe E.Machado, 1972_
* _Erythroxylum cincinnatum Mart._
* _Erythroxylum citrifolium A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum clarense Borhidi_
* 藥古柯 _Erythroxylum coca Lam._
* _Erythroxylum coelophlebium Mart._
* _Erythroxylum coffeifolium Baill._
* _Erythroxylum cogolloi Jara_
* _Erythroxylum columbinum Mart._
* _Erythroxylum compressum Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum concinnatum Pritz._
* _Erythroxylum confusum Britton_
* _Erythroxylum cordato-ovatum Huber_
* _Erythroxylum coriaceum Britton & P.Wilson_
* _Erythroxylum corymbosum Boivin ex Baill._
* _Erythroxylum couveleense Guillaumin_
* _Erythroxylum cryptanthum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum cumanense Kunth_
* _Erythroxylum cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz_
* _Erythroxylum cuneifolioides E.W.Berry_
* _Erythroxylum cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum cuspidifolium Mart._
* _Erythroxylum cyclophyllum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum cymosum Lign. & Bey_
* _Erythroxylum daphnites Mart._
* _Erythroxylum davidii D' Arcy & Schanen_
* _Erythroxylum deciduum A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum dekindtii (Engl.) O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum delagoense Schinz_
* _Erythroxylum densiflorum Bong. ex O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum densum Rusby_
* _Erythroxylum dillonii Plowman ex Jara_
* _Erythroxylum discolor Bojer_
* _Erythroxylum distortum Mart._
* _Erythroxylum divaricatum Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum domingense Oviedo_
* _Erythroxylum dumosum Alain_
* _Erythroxylum ecarinatum Hochr._
* _Erythroxylum echinodendron Ekman_
* _Erythroxylum echinodendron Ekman ex Urb._
* _Erythroxylum elegans Baill._
* _Erythroxylum ellipticum R.Br. ex Benth._
* _Erythroxylum emarginatum Thonn._
* _Erythroxylum engleri O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum falletenianum A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum ferrugineum Cav._
* _Erythroxylum fimbriatum Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum firmum Baker_
* _Erythroxylum fischeri Engl._
* _Erythroxylum flaccidum Salzm. ex Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum flavicans Borhidi_
* _Erythroxylum fluminense Bong. ex O.E.Schulz, 1907_
* _Erythroxylum foetidum Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum frangulifolium A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum gaudichaudii Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum gentryi Jara_
* _Erythroxylum gerrardii Baker_
* _Erythroxylum glaucoclados Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum glaucum O.E.Schulz._
* _Erythroxylum glazioui O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum glaziovii O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum gonoclados (Mart.) O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum gonocladum (Mart.) O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum gracile O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum gracilipes Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum grandifolium Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum grisebachii Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum guanchezii Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum guatemalense Lundell_
* _Erythroxylum hamigerum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum haughtii Gentner_
* _Erythroxylum havanense Jacq._
* _Erythroxylum hondense Kunth_
* _Erythroxylum horridum Borhidi & Oviedo_
* _Erythroxylum hypericifolium Lam._
* _Erythroxylum hypoleucum Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum impressum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum incrassatum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum itan Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas_
* _Erythroxylum jaimei Jara_
* _Erythroxylum jamaicense Fawc. & Rendle_
* _Erythroxylum kanga Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas_
* _Erythroxylum kapplerianum Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum kassneri (Engl.) E.Phillips_
* _Erythroxylum kochummenii Ng_
* _Erythroxylum laetevirens O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum lanceolatum (Wight) Walp._
* _Erythroxylum lanceum Bojer_
* _Erythroxylum lancifolium Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum laurel Baill._
* _Erythroxylum laurifolium Lam._
* _Erythroxylum leal-costae Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum leandrianum Payens_
* _Erythroxylum lenticellosum Huber_
* _Erythroxylum leptoneurum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum ligustrinum DC._
* _Erythroxylum lindemanii Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum lineolatum DC._
* _Erythroxylum loefgrenii Diogo_
* _Erythroxylum lofgrenii Diogo_
* _Erythroxylum longifolium Cav._
* _Erythroxylum longipes O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum longisetulosum Loiola & M.F.Sales_
* _Erythroxylum loretense Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum lygoides O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum macrocalyx Mart._
* _Erythroxylum macrocarpum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum macrochaetum Miq._
* _Erythroxylum macrophyllum Cav._
* _Erythroxylum magnoliifolium A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum mamacoca C.Mart._
* _Erythroxylum mamacova Mart._
* _Erythroxylum mangorense H.Perrier_
* _Erythroxylum mannii Oliv._
* _Erythroxylum maracasense Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum marginatum Lign. & Fig._
* _Erythroxylum martii Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum mattos-silvae Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum membranaceum Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum mexicanum Kunth_
* _Erythroxylum microphyllum A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum mikanii Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum minutifolium Griseb._
* _Erythroxylum mocquerysii A.DC._
* _Erythroxylum mogotense Oviedo_
* _Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb._
* _Erythroxylum moonii Hochr._
* _Erythroxylum mucronatum Benth._
* _Erythroxylum myrsinites Mart._
* _Erythroxylum nelson-rosae Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum niquelandense M.J.Silva & Loiola_
* _Erythroxylum nitidulum Baker_
* _Erythroxylum nitidum Spreng._
* _Erythroxylum niziae Loiola & L.S.Cordeiro_
* _Erythroxylum nobile O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum nordestinum Costa-Lima, Loiola & M.Alves_
* _Erythroxylum nossibeense Baill._
* 古柯 _Erythroxylum novocaledonicum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Hieron._
* _Erythroxylum nummularia Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum obovatum M.Gómez, 1890_
* _Erythroxylum obtusifolium (Wight) Hook.fil._
* _Erythroxylum occultum Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum ochranthum Mart._
* _Erythroxylum opacum Rusby_
* _Erythroxylum oreophilum (O.E.Schulz ex Pilg.) Steyerm. & Maguire_
* _Erythroxylum orinocense Klotzsch_
* _Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum oxycarpum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum oxypetalum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum pachyneurum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum pacificum D.R.Simpson_
* _Erythroxylum panamense Turcz._
* _Erythroxylum paraguariense (Chodat & Hassl.) O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum parishii (Hook.f.)_
* _Erythroxylum parvillei Baillon_
* _Erythroxylum parvistipulatum Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum passerinum Mart._
* _Erythroxylum patentissimum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum pauciflorum Rusby_
* _Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum pedicellare (Griseb.) O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum pelleterianum A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum perrotianum A.Chev._
* _Erythroxylum pervillei Baill._
* _Erythroxylum petrae-caballi Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum pictum E.Mey._
* _Erythroxylum pictum E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond._
* _Erythroxylum platyclados Bojer_
* _Erythroxylum platycladum Bojer_
* _Erythroxylum plowmanianum Cogollo & Pipoly_
* _Erythroxylum plowmanii Amaral_
* _Erythroxylum polygonoides Mart._
* _Erythroxylum popayanense Kunth_
* _Erythroxylum pringlei Rose_
* _Erythroxylum pruinosum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum pulchrum A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum pungens O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum pyan Costa-Lima_
* _Erythroxylum pyrifolium Baker_
* _Erythroxylum raimondii O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum reticulatum Northr._
* _Erythroxylum revolutum Mart._
* _Erythroxylum rhodappendiculatum Costa-Lima_
* _Erythroxylum rignyanum Baill._
* _Erythroxylum rimosum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum riparium T.Araújo & Amorim_
* _Erythroxylum riverae Jara & J.D.García-Gonz._
* _Erythroxylum roigii Britton & P.Wilson_
* _Erythroxylum roraimae Klotzsch_
* _Erythroxylum roraimae Klotzsch ex O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum rosuliferum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan_
* _Erythroxylum rufum Cav._
* _Erythroxylum ruizii Peyr._
* _Erythroxylum ruryi Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum santosii Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum sarawakanum_ R.C.K.Chung
* _Erythroxylum schliebenii_ O.E.Schulz
* _Erythroxylum schomburgkii_ Peyr.
* _Erythroxylum schunkei_ Plowman
* _Erythroxylum sechellarum_ O.E.Schulz
* _Erythroxylum setosum_ Jara & F.Ávila
* _Erythroxylum seyrigii_ H.Perrier
* _Erythroxylum shatona_ J.F.Macbr.
* _Erythroxylum sideroxyloides_ Lam.
* _Erythroxylum simonis_ Plowman
* 東方古柯 _Erythroxylum sinense_ Wu
* _Erythroxylum sobraleanum_ Loiola & L.S.Cordeiro
* _Erythroxylum socotranum_ Thulin
* _Erythroxylum sphaeranthum_ H.Perrier
* _Erythroxylum splendidum_ Plowman
* _Erythroxylum spruceanum_ Peyr.
* _Erythroxylum squamatum_ Sw.
* _Erythroxylum stenopetalum_ Costa-Lima
* _Erythroxylum steyermarkii_ Plowman
* _Erythroxylum stipulosum_ Plowman
* _Erythroxylum striiflorum_ H.Perrier
* _Erythroxylum striolatum_ O.E.Schulz
* _Erythroxylum strobilaceum_ Peyr.
* _Erythroxylum suberosum_ A.St.-Hil.
* _Erythroxylum subglaucescens_ Mart. ex Peyr.
* _Erythroxylum subglaucescens_ Peyr. ex O.E.Schulz
* _Erythroxylum subracemosum Turcz._
* _Erythroxylum subrotundum A.St.-Hil._
* _Erythroxylum substriatum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum surinamense Miq._
* _Erythroxylum tapacuranum Costa-Lima_
* _Erythroxylum tenue Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum tianguanum Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum timothei Loiola & M.F.Sales_
* _Erythroxylum tortuosum Mart._
* _Erythroxylum tucuruiense Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum ulei O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum umbrosum Costa-Lima & M.Alves_
* _Erythroxylum umbu Costa-Lima_
* _Erythroxylum undulatum Plowman_
* _Erythroxylum urbanii O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum vaccinifolium Mart._
* _Erythroxylum vaginatum O.E.Schulz_
* _Erythroxylum vasquezii_ Plowman
* _Erythroxylum vernicosum_ O.E.Schulz
* _Erythroxylum wallichii_ O.E.Schulz
* _Erythroxylum williamsii_ Standl. ex Plowman
* _Erythroxylum xerophilum_ H.Perrier
* _Erythroxylum zambesiacum_ N.Robson
* _Erythroxylum zeylanicum_ O.E.Schulz
* _Erythroxylum_ × _peyritschii_ O.E.Schulz

## 參考文獻