Fissurellidae

**裂螺總科**（學名：**Fissurelloidea** Fleming, 1822，亦作**裂裙螺總科**或**透孔螺總科**），其下只有**裂螺科**（學名：**Fissurellidae** Fleming, 1822，亦作**裂裙螺科**、**鑰孔䗩科**:18 或**透孔螺科**），是古腹足類支序之下的一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的科。本總科的物種因其錐狀螺殼的螺尖上有一個小孔，是海螺的一個特化體。由於整個螺殼的外形就像一條裂開了一條縫的裙襬那樣，所以被稱為**裂裙螺**。

根據 2005 年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》基本上包括了各種笠螺，覆蓋了原來原始腹足目的大多數物種。

## 分佈

本科物種的分佈是世界性的，從冰冷的寒帶到熱帶都有其物種存在。

## 習性

本科物種一般居住在潮間帶下部深水區的岩面或岩底。

## 分類

本科的屬一般可以按四個不同的亞科來分類，分別如下：

* 天蓋螺亞科 Diodorinae Odhner, 1932
  * _Cosmetalepas_ Iredale, 1924
  * 天蓋螺屬 _Diodora_ J. E. Gray, 1821
  * _Lucapina_ G. B. Sowerby I, 1835：分佈於西非大西洋東岸的佛德角
  * _Megathura_ Pilsbry, 1890
  * _Monodilepas_ Finlay, 1927
* 邊罅螺亞科 Emarginulinae
  * Genus Clypidina Gray, 1847
  * 邊罅螺屬 _Emarginula_ Lamarck, 1801：又名鱗䗩屬
  * Genus Fissurisepta Sequenza, 1863
  * Genus Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
  * Genus Nesta H. Adams, 1870
  * Genus Notomella Cotton, 1957
  * Genus Scutus Montfort, 1810
  * 土加䗩屬 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843:23
  * Genus Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
* Subfamily Fissurellidinae
* Subfamily Fissurellinae

但由於現時基於分子分類學的文獻不斷更新，現時普遍不區分亞科現詳列全部的屬。以下為現時屬於本科的屬：

* _Altrix_ Palmer, 1942
* _Amblychilepas_ Pilsbry, 1890
* _Buchanania_ Lesson, 1830
* _Clathrosepta_ McLean & Geiger, 1998
* _Clypidina_ Gray, 1847
* _Cornisepta_ McLean & Geiger, 1998
* 孔螺屬 _Cranopsis_ A. Adams, 1860
* _Dendrofissurella_ Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
  * 平傘裂裙螺（_Diodora cf. mus_ (Reeve)）
* 榖米螺屬 _Dentimargo_
* 邊罅螺屬 _Emarginula_ Lamarck, 1801
* _Fissurella_ Bruguière, 1789
* _Fissurellidea_ d'Orbigny, 1841
* _Fissurisepta_ Seguenza, 1863
* _Hemimarginula_ McLean, 2011
* _Hemitoma_ Swainson, 1840
* _Laeviemarginula_ Habe In Kuroda, 1953
* _Laevinesta_ Pilsbry and McGinty, 1952
* _Leurolepas_ J. H. McLean, 1970
* _Lucapinella_ Pilsbry, 1890
* _Macroschisma_ Sowerby, 1839
* _Manganesepta_ McLean & Geiger, 1998
* _Medusafissurella_ Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
* _Montfortia_ Récluz, 1843
* 凸螺屬 _Montfortista_ Iredale, 1929
* _Montfortula_ Iredale, 1915
* _Montfortulana_ Habe, 1961
* _Nesta_ Adams, 1870
* _Octomarginula_ McLean, 2011
* _Parmaphorella_ Strebel, 1907
* _Profundisepta_ McLean & Geiger, 1998
* _Puncturella_ R. T. Lowe, 1827
* _Pupillaea_ Gray In Sowerby, 1835
* _Rimula_ DeFrance, 1827
* _Scelidotoma_ Choe, Yoon and Habe, 1992
* 笠罅螺屬 _Scutus_ Montfort, 1810
* _Stromboli_ Berry, 1954
* 土加䗩屬 _Tugali_ Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843:23
* _Tugalina_ Habe, 1953
* _Variemarginula_ McLean, 2011
* _Zeidora_ A. Adams, 1860

**異名：**

* _Austroglyphis_ Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of _Diodora_ J. E. Gray, 1821
* _Aviscutum_ Iredale, 1940: synonym of _Scutus_ Montfort, 1810
* _Capiluna_ Gray, 1857: synonym of _Diodora_ J. E. Gray, 1821
* _Cemoria_ Risso, 1826 [ex Leach MS]: synonym of _Puncturella_ Lowe, 1827
* _Cremoria_ [Gray, 1842]: synonym of _Puncturella_ Lowe, 1827
* _Elegidion_ Iredale, 1924: synonym of _Diodora_ J. E. Gray, 1821
* 邊罅螺屬 _Emarginella_ Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of _Emarginula_ Lamarck, 1801
* _Entomella_ Cotton, 1945: synonym of _Emarginula_ Lamarck, 1801
* _Fissuridea_ Swainson, 1840: synonym of _Diodora_ J. E. Gray, 1821
* _Glyphis_ Carpenter, 1857: synonym of _Diodora_ J. E. Gray, 1821
* _Legrandia_ Beddome, 1883: synonym of _Zeidora_ A. Adams, 1860
* _Megatebennus_ Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of _Fissurellidea_ d'Orbigny, 1839
* _Nannoscutum_ Iredale, 1937: synonym of _Scutus_ Montfort, 1810
* _Nesta_ H. Adams, 1870: synonym of _Zeidora_ A. Adams, 1860
* _Notomella_ Cotton, 1957: synonym of _Emarginula_ Lamarck, 1801
* _Parmophoridea_ Wenz, 1938: synonym of _Parmaphorella_ Strebel, 1907
* _Parmophorus_ Blainville, 1817: synonym of _Scutus_ Montfort, 1810
* _Plagiorhytis_ P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of _Montfortula_ Iredale, 1915
* _Scutum_ P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of _Scutus_ Montfort, 1810
* _Semperia_ Crosse, 1867: synonym of _Emarginula_ Lamarck, 1801
* _Sipho_ T. Brown, 1827: synonym of _Puncturella_ Lowe, 1827
* _Siphonella_ Issel, 1869: synonym of _Montfortista_ Iredale, 1929
* _Subemarginula_ Gray, 1847: synonym of _Hemitoma_ Swainson, 1840
* _Subzeidora_ Iredale, 1924: synonym of _Emarginula (Subzeidora)_ Iredale, 1924
* _Tugalia_ Gray, 1857: synonym of _Tugali_ Gray, 1843
* _Vacerra_ Iredale, 1924: synonym of _Puncturella_ Lowe, 1827
* _Zidora_ P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of _Zeidora_ A. Adams, 1860

## 參考文獻

## 延伸閱讀

* Sowerby, G.B. Jr. (1862). Monograph of the family Fissurellidae. Reprinted edition (1982). Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Luis Pisani Burnay: Lisboa, Portugal. 183-206, 9 col. Plates pp.

## 外部連結

* Archerd Shell Collection : Fissurellidae
* Murdock, Gordon R.; Steven Vogel. Hydrodynamic induction of water flow through a keyhole limpet (gastropoda, fissurellidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 1978, **61** (2): 227–231 [2010-06-22]. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(78)90102-0.
* McLean, James H.; R.N. Kilburn. Propodial elaboration in Southern African and Indian Ocean Fissurellidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia) with description of two new genera and one new species (PDF). Contributions in Science. September 1986, **379** [2010-07-19]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF) 於 2010-07-21）.
* Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011) _Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny_. Zoologica Scripta 40: 238-259.