Flavobacterium

**黃桿菌屬**（學名：_Flavobacterium_）為黃桿菌目黃桿菌科的一屬好氧或兼性厭氧發酵型革蘭氏陰性桿菌。直杆狀，端圓。廣泛分布在土壤和水中，在生肉、乳類和其他食物以及醫院環境和人類的臨床標本中都有檢出。此屬的模式種為水生黃桿菌 (_Flavobacterium aquatile_)。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* _Flavobacterium acidificum_ Steinhaus 1941
* _Flavobacterium aciduliphilum_ Kang et al. 2013
* _Flavobacterium acidurans_ Millar 1973
* _Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae_ Nedashkovskaya et al. 2015
* 棲阿卡亞黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium akiainvivens_ Kuo et al. 2013
* _Flavobacterium album_ Baek et al. 2018
* 居藻黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium algicola_ Miyashita et al. 2010
* _Flavobacterium alkalisoli_ Xu et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium alvei_ Lee and Jeon 2018
* _Flavobacterium amnicola_ Sheu et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium amnigenum_ Patil et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium amniphilum_ Sheu et al. 2017
* 安納托利亞黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium anatoliense_ Kacagan et al. 2013，異名
* 安徽黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium anhuiense_ Liu et al. 2008
* 橙黃徽黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium antarcticum_ Yi et al. 2005
* _Flavobacterium aquariorum_ Joung et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium aquaticum_ Subhash et al. 2013
* 水生黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium aquatile_ (Frankland and Frankland 1889) Bergey et al. 1923
* _Flavobacterium aquicola_ Hatayama et al. 2016
* 硬水黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium aquidurense_ Cousin et al. 2007
* _Flavobacterium aquimarinum_ Kristyanto et al. 2018
* _Flavobacterium araucananum_ Kämpfer et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium arcticum_ Li et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium ardleyense_ Zhou et al. 2017
* 芳香黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium aromatium_
* _Flavobacterium arsenatis_ Ao et al. 2014
* _Flavobacterium arsenitoxidans_ Khianngam et al. 2015
* _Flavobacterium artemisiae_ Zhao et al. 2018
* _Flavobacterium aurantiibacter_ Cai et al. 2018
* 大比目魚黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium balustinum_ Harrison 1929，異名
* _Flavobacterium banpakuense_ Kim et al. 2011
* 北部灣黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium beibuense_ Fu et al. 2011
* _Flavobacterium bizetiae_ Mühle et al. 2021
* _Flavobacterium bomense_ corrig. Liu et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium bomensis_ Liu et al. 2019，拼寫錯誤
* _Flavobacterium branchiarum_ Zamora et al. 2016
* _Flavobacterium branchiicola_ Zamora et al. 2016
* 嗜鰭黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium branchiophila_ Wakabayashi et al. 1989，拼寫錯誤
* 嗜枝黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium branchiophilum_ corrig. Wakabayashi et al. 1989，嗜鰭黃桿菌
* 短黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium breve_ (ex Lustig 1890) Holmes and Owen 1982，異名
* _Flavobacterium brevivitae_ Chen et al. 2016
* 北京化工大學黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium buctense_ Feng et al. 2016
* 淤泥黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium caeni_ Liu et al. 2010
* _Flavobacterium capsulatum_ Leifson 1962，異名
* _Flavobacterium caseinilyticum_ Chaudhary et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium cauense_ Qu et al. 2009
* _Flavobacterium cellulosilyticum_ Chaudhary et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium cerinum_ Zhang et al. 2019
* 鯨黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium ceti_ Vela et al. 2007，異名
* 陳氏黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium cheniae_ Qu et al. 2008，陳文新氏黃桿菌
* _Flavobacterium cheonanense_ Lee et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium cheongpyeongense_ Joung et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium cheonhonense_ Lee et al. 2014
* _Flavobacterium chilense_ Kämpfer et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium chryseum_ Králová et al. 2018
* _Flavobacterium chuncheonense_ Park et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium chungangense_ Kim et al. 2009
* _Flavobacterium chungbukense_ Lim et al. 2011
* _Flavobacterium chungnamense_ Lee et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium circumlabens_ Králová et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium cloacae_ Liu et al. 2017，異名
* _Flavobacterium collinsense_ Zhang et al. 2016
* _Flavobacterium collinsii_ Zamora et al. 2016
* 柱狀黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium columnare_ (Bernardet and Grimont 1989) Bernardet et al. 1996
* _Flavobacterium commune_ Ekwe and Kim 2018
* _Flavobacterium compostarboris_ Kim et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium crassostreae_ Choi et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium croceum_ Park et al. 2006
* _Flavobacterium crocinum_ Baek et al. 2018
* 黃瓜黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium cucumis_ Weon et al. 2007
* _Flavobacterium cupreum_ Králová et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium cutihirudinis_ Glaeser et al. 2013
* _Flavobacterium cyanobacteriorum_ Cai et al. 2018
* 大田黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium daejeonense_ Kim et al. 2006
* _Flavobacterium daemonense_ corrig. Ngo et al. 2015
* _Flavobacterium daemonensis_ Ngo et al. 2015，拼寫錯誤
* _Flavobacterium dankookense_ Lee et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium dasani_ Chaudhary et al. 2020
* 污水黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium defluvii_ Park et al. 2007
* 哲拉什黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium degerlachei_ Van Trappen et al. 2004，迪吉氏黃桿菌
* 脫氮黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium denitrificans_ Horn et al. 2005
* _Flavobacterium devorans_ (Zimmermann 1890) Bergey et al. 1923，異名
* _Flavobacterium dispersum_ Chen et al. 2017
* 東灘黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium dongtanense_ Xiao et al. 2011
* _Flavobacterium eburneum_ Hwang et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium edaphi_ Chhetri et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium effusum_ Chen et al. 2018
* _Flavobacterium endophyticum_ Gao et al. 2015
* _Flavobacterium enshiense Dong et al. 2013_
* _Flavobacterium esteraromaticum_ (Omelianski 1923) Bergey et al. 1930，異名
* 糞黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium faecale_ Kim et al. 2014
* 酵米麵黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium farinofer-mentans_
* _Flavobacterium ferrugineum_ Sickles and Shaw 1934，異名
* 線形黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium filum_ Ryu et al. 2007
* _Flavobacterium flaviflagrans Dahal et al. 2017_
* _Flavobacterium flevense_ (van der Meulen et al. 1974) Bernardet et al. 1996
* _Flavobacterium fluminis_ Ahn et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium fluviale_ Baek et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium fluviatile_ Chen et al. 2018
* _Flavobacterium fluvii_ Lee et al. 2010
* _Flavobacterium foetidum_ Bu and Cha 2018
* _Flavobacterium fontis_ Chun et al. 2013
* 冷水黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium frigidarium_ Humphry et al. 2001，寒冷黃桿菌

```
 * 冷海水黄杆菌 _Flavobacterium frigidimaris_ Nogi et al. 2005
```

* 冷域黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium frigoris_ Van Trappen et al. 2004
* 弗里克塞爾湖黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium fryxellicola Van Trappen et al. 2005_
* _Flavobacterium fulvum_ Nguyen and Kim 2016
* 冰湖黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium gelidilacus_ Van Trappen et al. 2003
* _Flavobacterium gillisiae_ McCammon and Bowman 2000
* _Flavobacterium gilvum_ Shin et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium ginsengisoli_ Kim et al. 2013
* 轉化人參皂苷黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium ginsenosidimutans_ Yang et al. 2011
* 冰川黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium glaciei_ Zhang et al. 2006
* 粘黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium gleum_ Holmes et al. 1984，異名
* 大豆黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium glycines_ Madhaiyan et al. 2010
* _Flavobacterium gondwanense_ Dobson et al. 1993，異名
* _Flavobacterium gossypii_ Kämpfer et al. 2017
* 細粒黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium granuli_ Aslam et al. 2005
* _Flavobacterium gyeonganense_ Kim et al. 2014
* _Flavobacterium halmephilium_ Elazari-Volcani 1940，拼寫錯誤
* _Flavobacterium halmophilum_ corrig. Elazari-Volcani 1940，異名
* _Flavobacterium hankyongi_ Liu et al. 2018
* 簡浩然氏黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium haoranii_ Zhang et al. 2010
* 華農黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium hauense_ Dong et al. 2013，華農產黃細菌
* 肝素黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium heparinum_ Payza and Korn 1956，異名
* 哈茨山黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium hercynium_ Cousin et al. 2007
* 冬天黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium hibernum_ McCammon et al. 1998
* _Flavobacterium hibisci_ Moya et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium hiemivividum Chaudhary et al. 2020_
* _Flavobacterium humicola Nguyen and Kim 2016_
* 水生黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium hydatis_ Bernardet et al. 1996
* _Flavobacterium hydrophilum Joung et al. 2019_
* _Flavobacterium ichthyis_ Chen et al. 2020
* 印度黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium indicum Saha and Chakrabarti_ 2006
* 產吲哚黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium indologenes_ Yabuuchi et al. 1983，產吲哚金黃桿菌
* _Flavobacterium indoltheticum Campbell and Williams 1951_
* _Flavobacterium inkyongense Park et al. 2017_
* _Flavobacterium jejuense_ corrig. Park et al. 2016
* _Flavobacterium jejuensis_ Park et al. 2016，拼寫錯誤
* _Flavobacterium johnsonae_ (Stanier 1947) Bernardet et al. 1996，拼寫錯誤
* 約氏黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium johnsoniae_ corrig. (Stanier 1947) Bernardet et al. 1996，詹森黃桿菌
* _Flavobacterium jumunjinense_ Joung et al. 2013
* _Flavobacterium keumense_ Ekwe et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium kingsejongi_ Choi et al. 2018
* _Flavobacterium knui_ Kim et al. 2019
* 朝鮮黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium koreense_ Lee et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium kyungheense_ corrig. Son et al. 2014
* _Flavobacterium kyungheensis_ Son et al. 2014，拼寫錯誤
* _Flavobacterium lacicola_ Park et al. 2018
* _Flavobacterium lacunae_ Chen et al. 2017
* 湖黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium lacus_ Li et al. 2014
* _Flavobacterium laiguense_ Yang et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium limi_ Moya et al. 2017
* 棲污泥黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium limicola_ Tamaki et al. 2003
* _Flavobacterium limnosediminis_ Lee et al. 2013
* 耐林丹黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium lindanitolerans_ Jit et al. 2008
* _Flavobacterium longum_ Fujii et al. 2014
* _Flavobacterium luteum_ Park et al. 2017
* 解污泥黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium luticocti_ Liu et al. 2017
* 活性污泥黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium lutivivi_ Feng et al. 2016
* _Flavobacterium macacae_ Li et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium macrobrachii_ Sheu et al. 2011
* _Flavobacterium magnum_ Baek et al. 2018
* 茅台黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium maotaiense_ Feng et al. 2015
* _Flavobacterium marinotypicum_ ZoBell and Upham 1944，異名
* 海黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium marinum_ Song et al. 2013，異名
* _Flavobacterium maris_ Romanenko et al. 2016
* 腦膜炎黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium meningosepticum_ King 1959，異名
* _Flavobacterium microcysteis_ Seo et al. 2020
* 密克羅黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium micromati_ Van Trappen et al. 2004
* 噬果膠黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium mizutaii_ (Yabuuchi et al. 1983) Holmes et al. 1988，異名，也稱水氏黃桿菌、水生黃桿菌
* _Flavobacterium multivorum Holmes et al. 1981，異名_
* _Flavobacterium myungsuense Joung et al. 2012_
* _Flavobacterium nackdongense Kim and Yu 2020_
* _Flavobacterium naphthae Chaudhary and Kim 2018_
* _Flavobacterium nitratireducens_ Nupur et al. 2013
* _Flavobacterium nitrogenifigens_ Kämpfer et al. 2015
* _Flavobacterium niveum_ Chen et al. 2019
* 難沉黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium noncentrifugens_ Zhu et al. 2013，不聚中黃桿菌
* _Flavobacterium notoginsengisoli_ Zhang et al. 2016
* 海泥黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium oceanosedimentum_ Carty and Litchfield 1978
* 氣味黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium odoratum_ Stutzer 1929，異名，也稱芳香黃桿菌
* _Flavobacterium okeanokoites_ ZoBell and Upham 1944，異名
* _Flavobacterium olei_ Chaudhary and Kim 2017
* 廣食黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium omnivorum_ Zhu et al. 2003
* _Flavobacterium oncorhynchi_ Zamora et al. 2012
* 東方黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium orientale_ Li et al. 2017
* 稻黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium oryzae_ Chen et al. 2014
* _Flavobacterium ovatum_ Ren et al. 2018
* _Flavobacterium pallidum_ Baek et al. 2018
* 沼澤黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium palustre_ Feng et al. 2015
* _Flavobacterium panici_ Kämpfer et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium paronense_ Joung et al. 2016
* 噬果膠黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium pectinovorum_ (Reichenbach 1989) Bernardet et al. 1996
* _Flavobacterium pedocola_ Nguyen and Kim 2016
* _Flavobacterium phocarum_ Zhou et al. 2018
* 蘆葦黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium phragmitis_ Liu et al. 2011
* _Flavobacterium piscinae_ Chen et al. 2019
* 雙魚黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium piscis_ Zamora et al. 2014
* _Flavobacterium plurextorum_ Zamora et al. 2014
* 海黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium ponti_ Yoon et al. 2011，海洋黃桿菌
* 長黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium procerum_ Feng et al. 2015
* 深海黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium profundi_ Wang et al. 2020
* 冷湖黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium psychrolimnae_ Van Trappen et al. 2005
* _Flavobacterium psychrophilum_ (Bernardet and Grimont 1989) Bernardet et al. 1996
* _Flavobacterium psychroterrae_ Králová et al. 2018
* _Flavobacterium psychrotolerans_ Yang et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium qiangtangense_ corrig. Huang et al. 2015
* _Flavobacterium qiangtangensis_ Huang et al. 2015，拼寫錯誤
* _Flavobacterium quisquiliarum_ Zhang et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium rakeshii_ Kaur et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium ranwuense Zhang et al. 2019_
* 雷氏黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium reichenbachii_ Ali et al. 2009，賴欣巴哈氏黃桿菌
* _Flavobacterium resinovorum_ Delaporte and Daste 1956，異名
* 耐抗黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium resistens_ Ryu et al. 2008
* _Flavobacterium restrictum_ Zhang et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium rhamnosiphilum_ Zhang et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium riviphilum_ Sheu et al. 2018
* 小河黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium rivuli_ Ali et al. 2009
* 嗜糖黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium saccharophilum_ (Reichenbach 1989) Bernardet et al. 1996
* _Flavobacterium salegens_ Dobson et al. 1993，異名
* 鹽湖黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium salilacus_ Debnath et al. 2020
  * 鹽湖黃桿菌高地亞種 _Flavobacterium salilacussub_ sp. _altitudinum_
* 鹽帽黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium saliperosum_ Wang et al. 2006
* _Flavobacterium salmonis_ Kämpfer et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium sandaracinum_ Chaudhary et al. 2020
* 沙上黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium sasangense_
* _Flavobacterium scophthalmum_ Mudarris et al. 1994，異名
* 海濱沉積物黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium sediminilitoris_ Park et al. 2018
* 沉積物黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium sediminis_ Bae et al. 2018
* 泥土黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium segetis_ Yi _and Chun 2006_
* _Flavobacterium seoulense_ Shin et al. 2015
* _Flavobacterium sharifuzzamanii_ Debnath et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium silvisoli_ Chaudhary et al. 2019
* 中華耐冷黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium sinopsychrotolerans_ Xu et al. 2011
* 土壤黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium soli_ Yoon et al. 2006
* _Flavobacterium soyangense_ Nam et al. 2017
* _Flavobacterium spartansii_ Loch and Faisal 2014
* _Flavobacterium spiritivorum_ Holmes et al. 1982，異名
* _Flavobacterium squillarum_ Sheu et al. 2013
* _Flavobacterium stagni_ Chen et al. 2019
* 鹼蓬黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium suaedae_ Sun et al. 2016
* 下薩克森州黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium subsaxonicum_ Ali et al. 2009
* 琥珀酸黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium succinicans_ (Reichenbach 1989) Bernardet et al. 1996，琥珀黃桿菌
* _Flavobacterium sufflavum_ Chen et al. 2019
* 順天黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium suncheonense Kim et al. 2006_
* _Flavobacterium supellecticarium Lin et al. 2020_
* _Flavobacterium suzhouense Zhang et al. 2015_
* _Flavobacterium swingsii_ Ali et al. 2009
* _Flavobacterium tangerina Li et al. 2020_
* _Flavobacterium tangerinum corrig. Li et al. 2020_
* 棲菌墊黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium tegetincola_ McCammon and Bowman 2000
* _Flavobacterium terrae Weon et al. 2007_
* _Flavobacterium terrigena_ Yoon et al. 2007，拼寫錯誤
* _Flavobacterium terriphilum_ Zhang et al. 2016
* _Flavobacterium thalpophilum_ Holmes et al. 1983
* 熱黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium thermophilum_ Loginova and Egorova 1982
* 天格爾黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium tiangeerense_ Xin et al. 2009
* _Flavobacterium tibetense_ Phurbu et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium tilapiae_ Chen et al. 2013
* _Flavobacterium tistrianum_ Suwannachart et al. 2016
* _Flavobacterium tructae_ Zamora et al. 2014
* _Flavobacterium tyrosinilyticum_ Du and Yi _2016_
* _Flavobacterium uliginosum_ ZoBell and Upham 1944，異名
* _Flavobacterium ummariense_ Lata et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium ureilyticum_ Dahal and Kim 2019
* _Flavobacterium urocaniciphilum_ Fujii et al. 2014
* 烏魯木齊黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium urumqiense_ Dong et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium ustbae_ Liu et al. 2019
* _Flavobacterium verecundum_ Sheu et al. 2016
* _Flavobacterium vireti_ Singh et al. 2015
* _Flavobacterium viscosum_ corrig. Li et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium viscosus_ Li et al. 2020，拼寫錯誤
* 威弗半島黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium weaverense_ Yi and Chun 2006
* _Flavobacterium xanthum_ (ex Inoue and Komagata 1976) McCammon and Bowman 2000
* 新疆黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium xinjiangense_ Zhu et al. 2003
* 雪山黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium xueshanense_ Dong et al. 2012
* 藪內氏黃桿菌 _Flavobacterium yabuuchiae_ Holmes et al. 1988，異名
* _Flavobacterium yanchengense_ Hu et al. 2013
* _Flavobacterium yonginense_ Joung et al. 2012
* _Flavobacterium zepuense_ Zhang et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium zhairuonense_ corrig. Debnath et al. 2020
* _Flavobacterium zhairuonensis_ Debnath et al. 2020，拼寫錯誤

## 參考資料

* LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature