Arctostaphylos

**熊果屬**（學名：_Arctostaphylos_；發音： /ˌɑːrkt**[不支援的輸入]**ˈstæf**[不支援的輸入]**ləs/_arkto_ 熊 + _staphyle_ 葡萄）是杜鵑花科下的一個屬，為灌木或小種樹植物。

熊果屬包括約 60 個品種，從緊貼地面的北極圈，到海岸、山上不等，皆為其生活圈子。熊果屬一般不高，不會超過六公尺高，而且皆為常綠植物。

## 物種

According to Philip V. Wells in _The Jepson Manual_ and other sources, there are two subgenera of _Arctostaphylos_:

* Subgenus _Micrococcus_
  * Sect. _Micrococcus_
    * _Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis_ Pygmy Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos myrtifolia_ Ione Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos nissenana_ Nissenan Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos nummularia_ Glossyleaf Manzanita
* Subgenus _Arctostaphylos_, which has 3 sections:
  * Sect. _Arctostaphylos_
    * _Arctostaphylos alpina_ Alpine Bearberry
    * _Arctostaphylos bakeri_ Baker's Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos densiflora_ Sonoma Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos edmundsii_ Little Sur Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos franciscana_ Franciscan Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos gabrielensis_ San Gabriel Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos glauca_ Bigberry Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos hispidula_ Gasquet Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos hookeri_ Hooker's Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos insularis_ Island Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos klamathensis_ Klamath Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos manzanita_ Common Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos mewukka_ Indian Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos nevadensis_ Pinemat Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos parryana_ Parry Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos patula_ Greenleaf Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos pumila_ Sandmat Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos pungens_ Pointleaf Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos rudis_ Shagbark Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos stanfordiana_ Stanford's Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos uva-ursi_ Bearberry
    * _Arctostaphylos viscida_ Sticky Manzanita
  * Sect. _Foliobracteata_
    * _Arctostaphylos andersonii_ Santa Cruz Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos auriculata_ Mount Diablo Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos canescens_ Hoary Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos catalinae_ Santa Catalina Island Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos columbiana_ Hairy Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos confertiflora_ Santa Rosa Island Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos cruzensis_ La Cruz Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos glandulosa_ Eastwood Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos glutinosa_ Schreiber's Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos hooveri_ Hoover's Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos imbricata_ San Bruno Mountain Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos luciana_ Santa Lucia Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos malloryi_ Mallory's Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos montaraensis_ Montara Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos montereyensis_ Monterey Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos morroensis_ Morro Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos nortensis_ Del Norte Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos obispoensis_ Serpentine Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos osoensis_ Oso Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos otayensis_ Otay Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos pajaroensis_ Pajaro Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos pallida_ Pallid Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos pechoensis_ Pecho Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos pilosula_ La Panzo Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos purissima_ La Purissima Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos refugioensis_ Refugio Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos regismontana_ Kings Mountain Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos silvicola_ Bonny Doon Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos tomentosa_ Woolyleaf Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos virgata_ Bolinas Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos viridissima_ Whitehair Manzanita
    * _Arctostaphylos wellsii_ Wells' Manzanita
  * Sect. _Pictobracteata_
    * _Arctostaphylos pringlei_ Pringle Manzanita
* Unassigned
  * _Arctostaphylos rainbowensis_ Rainbow Manzanita
  * _Arctostaphylos gabilanensis_ Gabilan Manzanita
  * _Arctostaphylos ohloneana_ Ohlone Manzanita

**Synonyms**

* _Arctostaphylos bicolor_ is generally considered _Xylococcus bicolor_
* _Arctostaphylos crustacea_ is generally considered _Arctostaphylos tomentosa_ ssp. _crustacea_

See also the closely related genus _Comarostaphylis_, previously often included in _Arctostaphylos_.

## 種植

由於熊果屬植物很容易受到由真菌引起的疾病影響，本屬植物的種植比較困難，通常都只能在多鹽及鹼土上才比較可行。在天氣炎熱時，應避免把水從頭直接淋灑。

## 參考文獻

* James C. Hickman. 1993. _The Jepson Manual: higher plants of California_, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. ISBN 0-520-082559.
* C. Michael Hogan. 2012. _Arctostaphylos_ （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Eds. M.McGinley and C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment.
* Treatment from the Jepson Manual （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* Philip V. Wells. 2000. _Manzanitas of California_, Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, Kansas. ISBN 0-933994-22-2.
* Philip V. Wells. 1992. Subgenera and sections of _Arctostaphylos_. _The Four Seasons_ 9: 64-69.