Bacteroides

**擬桿菌屬**，又稱為**類桿菌屬**（學名：_Bacteroides_），是細菌中的一個屬，是人類大腸中的非病原性優勢菌種。

擬桿菌屬被歸類在革蘭氏陰性菌和專性厭氧菌中。不同於其他細菌的是，擬桿菌屬的細胞膜上帶有鞘磷脂。這一細菌種類中以鬆脆類桿菌較為有名。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

* 產酸擬桿菌 _Bacteroides acidifaciens_ Miyamoto and Itoh 2000
* _Bacteroides amylophilus_ Hamlin and Hungate 1956
* _Bacteroides asaccharolyticus_ (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977
* _Bacteroides barnesiae_ Lan _et al._, 2006
* _Bacteroides bivius_ Holdeman and Johnson 1977
* _Bacteroides buccae_ Holdeman _et al._, 1982
* _Bacteroides buccalis_ Shah and Collins 1982
* 糞擬桿菌 _Bacteroides caccae_ Johnson _et al._, 1986
* _Bacteroides caecicola_ Irisawa _et al._, 2016
* _Bacteroides caecigallinarum_ Saputra _et al._, 2015
* _Bacteroides caecimuris_ Lagkouvardos _et al._, 2016
* 多毛擬桿菌 _Bacteroides capillosus_ (Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957
* _Bacteroides capillus_ Kornman and Holt 1982
* _Bacteroides cellulosilyticus_ Robert _et al._, 2007
* 溶纖維素擬桿菌 _Bacteroides cellulosolvens_ Murray _et al._, 1984
* _Bacteroides chinchillae_ Kitahara _et al._, 2011
* _Bacteroides clarus_ Watanabe _et al._, 2010
* _Bacteroides coagulans_ Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
* _Bacteroides coprocola_ Kitahara _et al._, 2005
* _Bacteroides coprophilus_ Hayashi _et al._, 2007
* _Bacteroides coprosuis_ Whitehead _et al._, 2005
* _Bacteroides corporis_ Johnson and Holdeman 1983
* _Bacteroides denticola_ Shah and Collins 1982
* _Bacteroides disiens_ Holdeman and Johnson 1977
* _Bacteroides distasonis_ Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
* _Bacteroides dorei_ Bakir _et al._, 2006
* 埃氏擬桿菌 _Bacteroides eggerthii_ Holdeman and Moore 1974
* _Bacteroides endodontalis_ van Steenbergen _et al._, 1984
* _Bacteroides faecalis_ Yu _et al._, 2019
* _Bacteroides faecichinchillae_ Kitahara _et al._, 2012
* _Bacteroides faecis_ Kim _et al._, 2010
* _Bacteroides finegoldii_ Bakir _et al._, 2006
* _Bacteroides fluxus_ Watanabe _et al._, 2010
* 福賽斯擬桿菌 _Bacteroides forsythus_ Tanner _et al._, 1986
* 脆弱擬桿菌 _Bacteroides fragilis_ (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani _and Chalmers 1919_
* _Bacteroides furcosus_ (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy _et al._, 1937
* _Bacteroides galacturonicus_ Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
* _Bacteroides gallinaceum_ Irisawa _et al._, 2016
* _Bacteroides gallinarum_ Lan _et al._, 2006
* _Bacteroides gingivalis_ Coykendall _et al._, 1980
* _Bacteroides goldsteinii_ Song _et al._, 2006
* 纖細擬桿菌 _Bacteroides gracilis_ Tanner _et al._, 1981
* _Bacteroides graminisolvens_ Nishiyama _et al._, 2009
* _Bacteroides helcogenes_ Benno _et al._, 1983
* _Bacteroides heparinolyticus_ Okuda _et al._, 1985
* _Bacteroides hypermegas Harrison and Hansen 1963_
* _Bacteroides intermedius_ (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
* _Bacteroides intestinalis_ Bakir _et al._, 2006
* _Bacteroides koreensis_ Shin _et al._, 2017
* _Bacteroides kribbi_ Shin _et al._, 2017
* 利氏擬桿菌 _Bacteroides levii_ (ex Holdeman _et al._, 1977) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
* _Bacteroides loescheii_ Holdeman and Johnson 1982
* _Bacteroides luti_ Hatamoto _et al._, 2014
* _Bacteroides macacae_ (Slots and Genco 1980) Coykendall _et al._, 1980
* _Bacteroides massiliensis_ Fenner _et al._, 2005
* 產黑色素擬桿菌 _Bacteroides melaninogenicus_ (Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939
* 屎擬桿菌 _Bacteroides merdae Johnson_ _et al._, 1986
* _Bacteroides microfusus_ Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978
* _Bacteroides multiacidus_ Mitsuoka _et al._, 1974
* _Bacteroides nodosus_ (Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963
* _Bacteroides nordii_ Song _et al._, 2005
* _Bacteroides ochraceus_ (Prévot _et al._, 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972
* _Bacteroides oleiciplenus_ Watanabe _et al._, 2010
* _Bacteroides oralis_ Loesche _et al._, 1964
* _Bacteroides oris_ Holdeman _et al._, 1982
* _Bacteroides oulorum_ Shah _et al._, 1985
* 卵形擬桿菌 _Bacteroides ovatus_ Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
* _Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus_ Ueki _et al._, 2011
* _Bacteroides pectinophilus_ Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
* _Bacteroides pentosaceus_ Shah and Collins 1982
* _Bacteroides plebeius_ Kitahara _et al._, 2005
* 侵肺擬桿菌 _Bacteroides pneumosintes_ (Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970
* _Bacteroides polypragmatus_ Patel and Breuil 1982
* _Bacteroides praeacutus_ (Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970
* _Bacteroides propionicifaciens_ Ueki _et al._, 2008
* _Bacteroides putredinis_ (Weinberg _et al._, 1937) Kelly 1957
* _Bacteroides pyogenes_ Benno _et al._, 1983
* _Bacteroides reticulotermitis_ Sakamoto and Ohkuma 2013
* _Bacteroides rodentium_ Kitahara _et al._, 2011
* 赤擬桿菌 _Bacteroides ruber_
* _Bacteroides ruminicola_ Bryant _et al._, 1958
* _Bacteroides salanitronis_ Lan _et al._, 2006
* _Bacteroides salivosus_ Love _et al._, 1987
* _Bacteroides salyersae_ Song _et al._, 2005
* _Bacteroides salyersiae_ corrig. Song _et al._, 2005
* _Bacteroides sartorii_ Clavel _et al._, 2010
* _Bacteroides splanchnicus_ Werner _et al._, 1975
* _Bacteroides stercorirosoris_ Kitahara _et al._, 2012
* 糞便擬桿菌 _Bacteroides stercoris_ Johnson _et al._, 1986
* _Bacteroides succinogenes_ Hungate 1950
* 豬擬桿菌 _Bacteroides suis_ Benno _et al._, 1983
* 隱蔽擬桿菌 _Bacteroides tectum_ Love _et al._, 1986
* _Bacteroides tectus_ corrig. Love _et al._, 1986
* _Bacteroides termitidis_ (Sebald, 1962) Holdeman and Moore, 1970
* 多形擬桿菌 _Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron_ (Distaso 1912) Castellani _and Chalmers 1919_
* 同型擬桿菌 _Bacteroides uniformis_ Eggerth and Gagnon 1933，單形擬桿菌
* 解脲擬桿菌 _Bacteroides urealtyicus_
* _Bacteroides ureolyticus_ Jackson and Goodman 1978
* _Bacteroides veroralis_ Watabe _et al._, 1983
* 普通擬桿菌 _Bacteroides vulgatus_ Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
* _Bacteroides xylanisolvens_ Chassard _et al._, 2008
* _Bacteroides xylanolyticus_ Scholten-Koerselman _et al._, 1988
* _Bacteroides zoogleoformans_ (Weinberg _et al._, 1937) Cato _et al._, 1982

## 參考文獻