蓋伊・福克斯
Guy Fawkes

context: zh_tw: 蓋伊・福克斯（英語：Guy Fawkes，/ˈɡaɪ ˈfɔːks/，1570 年 4 月 13 日－1606 年 1 月 31 日），有時稱為圭多・福克斯（義大利語：Guido Fawkes，於西班牙軍隊中使用），是英格蘭天主教會地方成員，策劃了 1605 年的火藥陰謀，但以失敗告終。
en: Guy Fawkes (; 13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606), also known as Guido Fawkes while fighting for the Spanish, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605. He was born and educated in York, England; his father died when Fawkes was eight years old, after which his mother married a recusant Catholic.
qas: question: zh_tw: Guido Fawkes 在哪一年過世了？
en: What year did Guido Fawkes pass away?
answers: zh_tw: text: ˈfɔːks/，1570 年 4 月 13 日－1606 年 1 月 31 日），有時稱為圭多・福克斯（義大利語：Guido
en: text: 1606

context: zh_tw: 1604 年，福克斯加入了由羅伯特・卡特斯比領導的英格蘭天主教小隊，羅伯特・卡特斯比計劃暗殺信仰新教的國王詹姆斯，由詹姆斯的女兒伊麗莎白公主 —— 第三順位繼承人 —— 繼承王位。據耶穌會牧師及福克斯在校時的一個朋友奧斯瓦爾德・泰斯蒙德描述，福克斯 “處事得體，舉止得當，不喜爭吵衝突…… 忠於朋友”。泰斯蒙德還稱福克斯是 “一個精於戰事之人”，並稱福克斯由於對信仰虔誠、精通軍事，而贏得了火藥陰謀參與者們的好感。作家安東妮亞・弗雷澤將福克斯描述為 “一個高大健碩的男人，有一頭茂密的紅棕色頭髮，留著平滑的髭，紅棕色的茂密鬍子”，而且他還是 “一個有行動力的人，既擅辯論，身體又不乏耐力，這是有些出乎他的對手們的意料的。”1604 年 5 月 20 日，火藥陰謀的 5 名核心密謀者進行了第一次會面，地點在名為「鴨子與德雷克」的旅館，位於倫敦的上流社會出入之地河岸街。卡特斯比已經在前一次與托馬斯・溫圖爾及約翰・懷特的會面中提議 “用火藥炸掉議會” 從而殺死國王，同時消滅他的政府。溫圖爾一開始反對這個計劃，但後來卡特斯比說服了他，讓他前往歐洲大陸尋求援助。溫圖爾見了卡斯蒂利亞王國總管、被流放的威爾士間諜休・歐文（Hugh Owen），以及威廉・斯坦利爵士，然而斯坦利爵士表示無法從西班牙方面獲得支援。但歐文將溫圖爾介紹給了福克斯，福克斯當時已經離開英格蘭多年，因此在國內並不知名。溫圖爾與福克斯是同時期的軍人，均親身感受到西班牙人並不願提供幫助。溫圖爾告訴福克斯他們計劃 “要是與西班牙和平相處無法帶來任何益處，就在英格蘭乾點什麼”，因此二人於 1604 年 4 月回到英國。溫圖爾的計劃在卡特斯比的意料之中。儘管西班牙當局做出表示支援的姿態，溫圖爾還是擔心 “事情不會成功”。
en: In 1604 Fawkes became involved with a small group of English Catholics, led by Robert Catesby, who planned to assassinate the Protestant King James and replace him with his daughter, third in the line of succession, Princess Elizabeth.  Fawkes was described by the Jesuit priest and former school friend Oswald Tesimond as "pleasant of approach and cheerful of manner, opposed to quarrels and strife ... loyal to his friends".  Tesimond also claimed Fawkes was "a man highly skilled in matters of war", and that it was this mixture of piety and professionalism that endeared him to his fellow conspirators.  The author Antonia Fraser describes Fawkes as "a tall, powerfully built man, with thick reddish-brown hair, a flowing moustache in the tradition of the time, and a bushy reddish-brown beard", and that he was "a man of action ... capable of intelligent argument as well as physical endurance, somewhat to the surprise of his enemies."The first meeting of the five central conspirators took place on Sunday 20 May 1604, at an inn called the Duck and Drake, in the fashionable Strand district of London.  Catesby had already proposed at an earlier meeting with Thomas Wintour and John Wright to kill the King and his government by blowing up "the Parliament House with gunpowder".  Wintour, who at first objected to the plan, was convinced by Catesby to travel to the continent to seek help.  Wintour met with the Constable of Castile, the exiled Welsh spy Hugh Owen, and Sir William Stanley, who said that Catesby would receive no support from Spain.  Owen did, however, introduce Wintour to Fawkes, who had by then been away from England for many years, and thus was largely unknown in the country.  Wintour and Fawkes were contemporaries; each was militant, and had first-hand experience of the unwillingness of the Spaniards to help.  Wintour told Fawkes of their plan to "doe some whatt in Ingland if the pece with Spaine healped us nott", and thus in April 1604 the two men returned to England.  Wintour's news did not surprise Catesby; despite positive noises from the Spanish authorities, he feared that "the deeds would nott answere".One of the conspirators, Thomas Percy, was promoted in June 1604, gaining access to a house in London that belonged to John Whynniard, Keeper of the King's Wardrobe.  Fawkes was installed as a caretaker and began using the pseudonym John Johnson, servant to Percy.  The contemporaneous account of the prosecution (taken from Thomas Wintour's confession) claimed that the conspirators attempted to dig a tunnel from beneath Whynniard's house to Parliament, although this story may have been a government fabrication; no evidence for the existence of a tunnel was presented by the prosecution, and no trace of one has ever been found; Fawkes himself did not admit the existence of such a scheme until his fifth interrogation, but even then he could not locate the tunnel.  If the story is true, however, by December 1604 the conspirators were busy tunnelling from their rented house to the House of Lords.  They ceased their efforts when, during tunnelling, they heard a noise from above.  Fawkes was sent out to investigate, and returned with the news that the tenant's widow was clearing out a nearby undercroft, directly beneath the House of Lords.The plotters purchased the lease to the room, which also belonged to John Whynniard.  Unused and filthy, it was considered an ideal hiding place for the gunpowder the plotters planned to store.  According to Fawkes, 20 barrels of gunpowder were brought in at first, followed by 16 more on 20 July.  On 28 July however, the ever-present threat of the plague delayed the opening of Parliament until Tuesday, 5 November.
qas: question: zh_tw: 溫圖爾與福克斯何時返回了英國？
en: When did Wintour and Fawkes return to England?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1604 年 4 月
en: text: April 1604

question: zh_tw: 羅伯特・卡特斯比領導了怎樣的一群人？
en: Robert Catesby led what group of people?
answers: zh_tw: text: 英格蘭天主教
en: text: English Catholics