zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
絕命毒師
Breaking Bad

context: zh_tw: 第二季得到了極大的好評。《娛樂週刊》評論家肯塔克說：「它是中年危機的一個超級新鮮的比喻：它用癌症和違法行為把懷特震離了城郊生活的小確幸，讓他再次體驗人生 —— 抓住機會、冒險，做他自認為不會做的事情。當然，如果沒有艾美獎獲得者克蘭斯頓作為一個演員的狡猾和有趣的無私，這一切都不能成立。對於所有的壓抑和黑暗，這部電視劇有一個令人興奮的狂喜：這是一個感覺糟到極點之後感覺很好的劇集。」《舊金山紀事》的蒂姆・古德曼稱「AMC 製作的第二季前三集，繼續此前獲得的成功，並且沒有明顯的失誤。事實上，看起來好像吉利根對破《絕命毒師》的大膽願景 —— 現在已經排除萬難 —— 激勵了整個團隊。現在在每一集中你都可以感受到其成熟度和不斷上升的雄心。」恐怖小說家斯蒂芬・金也稱讚了該劇，並將它與《迷離劫》和《藍絲絨》相比照。
en: Breaking Bad received widespread critical acclaim and has been praised by many critics as one of the greatest television shows of all time. On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the first season scored 73 out of 100, the second 84 out of 100, the third 89 out of 100, the fourth 96 out of 100, and the fifth 99 out of 100. The American Film Institute listed Breaking Bad as one of the top ten television series of 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it as the ninth greatest TV series of all time. By its end, the series was among the most-watched cable shows on American television, with audience numbers doubling from the fourth season to the fifth. In 2016, Rolling Stone ranked it third on its list of 100 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.For the first season, the series saw a generally positive reception. New York Post critic Linda Stasi praised the series, particularly the acting of Cranston and Paul, stating "Cranston and Paul are so good, it's astounding. I'd say the two have created great chemistry, but I'm ashamed to say such a cheap thing." Robert Bianco of USA Today also praised Cranston and Paul, exclaiming "There is humor in the show, mostly in Walt's efforts to impose scholarly logic on the business and on his idiot apprentice, a role Paul plays very well. But even their scenes lean toward the suspenseful, as the duo learns that killing someone, even in self-defense, is ugly, messy work."The second season saw critical acclaim. Entertainment Weekly critic Ken Tucker stated "Bad is a superlatively fresh metaphor for a middle-age crisis: It took cancer and lawbreaking to jolt Walt out of his suburban stupor, to experience life again—to take chances, risk danger, do things he didn't think himself capable of doing. None of this would work, of course, without Emmy winner Cranston's ferocious, funny selflessness as an actor. For all its bleakness and darkness, there's a glowing exhilaration about this series: It's a feel-good show about feeling really bad." San Francisco Chronicle's Tim Goodman claimed "The first three episodes of Season 2 that AMC sent out continue that level of achievement with no evident missteps. In fact, it looks as if Gilligan's bold vision for Breaking Bad, now duly rewarded against all odds, has invigorated everyone involved in the project. You can sense its maturity and rising ambition in each episode." Horror novelist Stephen King lauded the series, comparing it to the likes of Twin Peaks and Blue Velvet.
qas: question: zh_tw: 肯・塔克為哪家雜誌工作？
en: What magazine did Ken Tucker work for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《娛樂週刊》
en: text: Entertainment Weekly
糟糕藝術博物館
Museum of Bad Art

context: zh_tw: 糟糕藝術博物館建於 1994 年，當時古董商斯科特・威爾遜曾向朋友們展示一幅從垃圾中回收過來的畫作，他的朋友就建議威爾遜開設一個展覽。不到一年時間，開設在威爾遜朋友家的展覽就因為人滿為患而不得不另尋他所。糟糕藝術博物館隨後遷至戴德姆一家劇院的地下室。1995 年，博物館的聯合創始人傑瑞・賴利在解釋博物館的創立初衷時說道：“世界上每個城市都至少會有一家博物館來展示藝術的精華，而 MOBA 則是唯一一家致力於收集並展示糟糕藝術的博物館”。MOBA 的藏品必須為原創作品，且具有嚴肅的主題；但同時又必須有嚴重的缺陷而非平淡無奇。策展人無意於展出那些刻意而為的拙劣作品。
en: The Museum Of Bad Art (MOBA) is a privately owned museum whose stated aim is "to celebrate the labor of artists whose work would be displayed and appreciated in no other forum". It was originally in Dedham with current branches in Somerville, Brookline, and South Weymouth in Massachusetts.  Its permanent collection includes over 700 pieces of "art too bad to be ignored", 25 to 35 of which are on public display at any one time.MOBA was founded in 1994, after antique dealer Scott Wilson showed a painting he had recovered from the trash to some friends, who suggested starting a collection. Within a year, receptions held in Wilson's friends' home were so well-attended that the collection needed its own viewing space. The museum then moved to the basement of a theater in Dedham. Explaining the reasoning behind the museum's establishment, co-founder Jerry Reilly said in 1995: "While every city in the world has at least one museum dedicated to the best of art, MOBA is the only museum dedicated to collecting and exhibiting the worst."  To be included in MOBA's collection, works must be original and have serious intent, but they must also have significant flaws without being boring; curators are not interested in displaying deliberate kitsch.
qas: question: zh_tw: 藝術家們試圖將自己的作品納入哪個系列，卻面臨著多重規則？
en: In what collection do artists try to get their work included in but face multiple rules?
answers: zh_tw: text: MOBA 的藏品
en: text: MOBA's collection
國際英語水平考試
International Test of English Proficiency

context: zh_tw: 國際英語水平考試（The International Test of English Proficiency，簡稱為 iTEP）是一個語言評估測試，衡量母語非英語者的英語能力。該測試成績為 600 多個院校所接受，包括加利福尼亞州立大學大學系統。iTEP 在 40 多個國家有考點，並且也被企業和政府部門所使用，例如在沙烏地阿拉伯，哥倫比亞和墨西哥各國舉行大型考試。在 2014 年， iTEP 在中國快速增長，於中國增加了 100 多個考點。 iTEP 是由美國波士頓教育服務公司研發，這是由前 ELS 語言中心總裁，佩裡埃金斯和合作人 Sharif Ossayran 共同創立的測試。該測試在 2008 年首次推出 iTEP 學術時，主要是針對大學，學院，和國際課程。之後推出其他版本，針對中學生，商業和觀光招待業。
en: The International Test of English Proficiency or iTEP is a language assessment tool that measures the English skills of non-native English speakers.  The test is supported by more than 700 institutions including the California State University system. The test is available in more than 40 countries, and is also used by businesses, and governments such as Saudi Arabia, Colombia, and Mexico for large-scale initiatives. There are over 600 iTEP test centers worldwide, with more than 100 in China where iTEP has partnerships with some of the largest education companies in the country.iTEP International was co-founded by former ELS Language Centers President Perry Akins and business partner Sharif Ossayran. The test was first launched in 2008 for colleges, universities, and international programs. Versions for secondary schools and business use were soon added, followed by English tests for specific industries such as hospitality and au pair.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰共同創辦了 iTEP？
en: Who co-founded iTEP?
answers: zh_tw: text: iTEP 是由美國波士頓教育服務公司研發，這是由前 ELS 語言中心總裁，佩裡埃金斯和合作人 Sharif
en: text: Perry Akins and business partner Sharif Ossayran

context: zh_tw: 測量工作環境中所需的的英語技能。公司用它來篩選新員工，做出職位晉升和工作決策，和評估英語培訓課程結果。
en: iTEP Business measures the English skills needed for a work environment. It is used by companies to screen new hires, make decisions about promotions and assignments, and evaluate English training programs. Like iTEP Academic and iTEP SLATE, iTEP Business has a core and plus version.iTEP Conversation assesses an individual's ability to speak and understand English within 30 minutes. The exam is designed to put the test-taker at ease using a conversational, friendly context. This exam is also used in academic settings.iTEP Hospitality measures the English skills necessary to work at restaurants, hotels, resorts, and cruise lines that serve English speakers. The test lasts 30 minutes and evaluates speaking and listening. It is typically administered onsite by an employer for hiring and promotional decisions.iTEP Au Pair evaluates the English abilities of foreign applicants to au pair programs in the US. Like iTEP Hospitality, it assesses speaking and listening skills in 30 minutes using industry specific content.
qas: question: zh_tw: 它對何進行評估？
en: What does it evaluate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 英語培訓課程
en: text: English training programs
蘇聯入侵波蘭
Soviet invasion of Poland

context: zh_tw: 非波蘭種族人仕對該情況的回應進一步增加了複雜性，許多烏克蘭人、白俄羅斯人和猶太人把入侵部隊當作為解放者歡迎，列夫・麥赫利斯強調當地人民的反應，他告訴史達林：烏克蘭西部人民把蘇軍當作 “像真正的解放者” 歡迎。烏克蘭民族主義者組織反抗波蘭人，共產主義的游擊隊也組織當地的起義，例如在斯基達利。猶太人民在德國入侵期間于波蘭東部遭受了大屠殺，許多人認為，兩害中以蘇聯的較輕。這種反應會加強現有波蘭人對布林什維克政策與思想的恐懼和直至 21 世紀仍損害波蘭人與猶太人的關係。
en: The response of non-ethnic Poles to the situation added a further complication. Many Ukrainians, Belarusians and Jews welcomed the invading troops. Local Communists gathered people to welcome Red Army troops in the traditional Slavic way by presenting bread and salt in the eastern suburb of Brest. For this occasion a sort of triumphal arch was made of two poles, decked with spruce branches and flowers. A banner, a long strip of red cloth with a slogan in Russian, glorifying the USSR and welcoming the Red Army, crowned the arch. The local reaction was mentioned by Lev Mekhlis, who told Stalin that the people of West Ukraine welcomed the Soviets "like true liberators". The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists rebelled against the Poles, and communist partisans organized local uprisings, such as that in Skidel.
qas: question: zh_tw: 抗議民族主義者是哪國國籍？
en: What nationality are the protesting nationalists?
answers: zh_tw: text: 烏克蘭
en: text: Ukrainian
迭代法
Iterative method

context: zh_tw: 這種方法易於推導，方便實現和分析，但只能保證某些特定形式矩陣求解的收斂性。定常迭代法的例子包括雅可比法，高斯 - 賽德爾迭代，以及逐次超鬆弛迭代法（SOR）。線性定常迭代法又稱為鬆弛法。
en: Stationary iterative methods solve a linear system with an operator approximating the original one; and based on a measurement of the error in the result (the residual), form a "correction equation" for which this process is repeated. While these methods are simple to derive, implement, and analyze, convergence is only guaranteed for a limited class of matrices.
qas: question: zh_tw: 定常迭代法的缺點是什麼？
en: What is the shortcoming of Stationary iterative methods?
answers: zh_tw: text: 只能保證某些特定形式矩陣求解的收斂性
en: text: convergence is only guaranteed for a limited class of matrices
突尼西亞國際航空 1153 號班機空難
Tuninter Flight 1153

context: zh_tw: 2005 年 9 月 7 日，義大利政府禁止突尼西亞國際航空的航班飛越其領空。於是，突尼西亞國際航空自行重組為現時的第七航空（Sevenair），並於 2007 年再度獲飛行義大利航線。
en: Tuninter compensated each family of a victim or survivor with €20,000. On 7 September 2005 the Italian government banned Tuninter from flying into Italian airspace. Tuninter rebranded itself as Sevenair and had scheduled flights into Italy again as of 2007.
qas: question: zh_tw: 義大利政府在災難後禁止哪家航空公司？
en: The Italian government placed a prohibition on which airline following a disaster?
answers: zh_tw: text: 突尼西亞國際航空
en: text: Tuninter
C・奧古斯特・杜邦
C. Auguste Dupin

context: zh_tw: C・奧古斯特・杜邦（C. Auguste Dupin）是登場於愛倫・坡推理小說筆下的偵探。也被當成小說世界裡的第一位偵探。杜邦也成為許多後起者的典範（最出名的莫過於夏洛克・福爾摩斯）。故事中杜邦是一位沒落貴族，與他不知名諱的密友同住在巴黎，並由這位友人闡述偵探故事。
en: C. Auguste Dupin is generally acknowledged as the first detective in fiction. The character served as the prototype for many that were created later, including Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle and Hercule Poirot by Agatha Christie. Conan Doyle once wrote, "Each [of Poe's detective stories] is a root from which a whole literature has developed... Where was the detective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?"Many tropes that would later become commonplace in detective fiction first appeared in Poe's stories: the eccentric but brilliant detective, the bumbling constabulary, the first-person narration by a close personal friend. Dupin also initiates the storytelling device where the detective announces his solution and then explains the reasoning leading up to it. Like Sherlock Holmes, Dupin uses his considerable deductive prowess and observation to solve crimes. Poe also portrays the police in an unsympathetic manner as a sort of foil to the detective.The character helped established the genre of detective fiction, distinct from mystery fiction, with an emphasis on the analysis and not trial-and-error. Brander Matthews wrote: "The true detective story as Poe conceived it is not in the mystery itself, but rather in the successive steps whereby the analytic observer is enabled to solve the problem that might be dismissed as beyond human elucidation." In fact, in the three stories which star Dupin, Poe created three types of detective fiction which established a model for all future stories: the physical type ("The Murders in the Rue Morgue"), the mental ("The Mystery of Marie Rogêt"), and a balanced version of both ("The Purloined Letter").Fyodor Dostoevsky called Poe "an enormously talented writer" and favorably reviewed Poe's detective stories. The character Porfiry Petrovich in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment was influenced by Dupin.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰扮演了坡推理小說中首位偵探的角色？
en: Who played the first detective role in the Poe's stories?
answers: zh_tw: text: C・奧古斯特・杜邦
en: text: C. Auguste Dupin
丟勒的犀牛
Dürer's Rhinoceros

context: zh_tw: 《丟勒的犀牛》是一幅由德國畫家兼版畫家阿爾布雷希特・丟勒於 1515 年作的木刻版畫。作品建基於一幅印度犀牛的素描，由不知名畫家所畫的，畫上並寫有描述。而畫中的犀牛則是早幾年來到里斯本的，是自從羅馬帝國以來第一個活生生的例子。然而，丟勒本人從沒見過那隻犀牛的實體。在 1515 年末，葡萄牙國王曼努埃爾一世把這隻動物送贈給教宗利奧十世作為禮物，但牠在 1516 年初一次在義大利海岸所發生的海難中死去。自此以後，歐洲再沒見過活生生的犀牛的紀錄，直至到 1579 年左右才有第二隻犀牛從印度進貢給西班牙的腓力二世。儘管畫中犀牛的構造並不正確，但丟勒的版畫卻風靡了整個歐洲，並在接下來的三個世紀被大量複製。在十八世紀晚期以前，這幅畫依然被認為是表達著犀牛的真正模樣。最終，作品被後來一些更真實的素描與繪畫所取代，尤其是有關犀牛克拉拉的繪圖。有人曾這樣說：「再沒有動物圖畫像《丟勒的犀牛》般對於藝術影響深厚。」
en: Dürer's Rhinoceros is the name commonly given to a woodcut executed by German painter and printmaker Albrecht Dürer in 1515. The image is based on a written description and brief sketch by an unknown artist of an Indian rhinoceros that had arrived in Lisbon in 1515. Dürer never saw the actual rhinoceros, which was the first living example seen in Europe since Roman times. In late 1515, the King of Portugal, Manuel I, sent the animal as a gift for Pope Leo X, but it died in a shipwreck off the coast of Italy in early 1516. A live rhinoceros was not seen again in Europe until a second specimen, named Abada, arrived from India at the court of Sebastian of Portugal in 1577, being later inherited by Philip II of Spain around 1580.Dürer's woodcut is not an entirely accurate representation of a rhinoceros. He depicts an animal with hard plates that cover its body like sheets of armour, with a gorget at the throat, a solid-looking breastplate, and rivets along the seams. He places a small twisted horn on its back and gives it scaly legs and saw-like rear quarters. None of these features are present in a real rhinoceros, although the Indian rhinoceros does have deep folds in its skin that can look like armor from a distance. Despite its anatomical inaccuracies, Dürer's woodcut became very popular in Europe and was copied many times in the following three centuries. It was regarded by Westerners as a true representation of a rhinoceros into the late 18th century. Eventually, it was supplanted by more realistic drawings and paintings, particularly those of Clara the rhinoceros, who toured Europe in the 1740s and 1750s. It has been said of Dürer's woodcut: "probably no animal picture has exerted such a profound influence on the arts".
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰在 16 世紀統治了葡萄牙？
en: Who ruled Portugal in the 1500s?
answers: zh_tw: text: 曼努埃爾一世
en: text: Manuel I

question: zh_tw: 丟勒沒有見過哪種動物？
en: What animal did Durer didn't see?
answers: zh_tw: text: 犀牛
en: text: rhinoceros
瑪格達蓮娜・馬列娃
Magdalena Maleeva

context: zh_tw: 瑪格達蓮娜・馬列娃（保加利亞語：Магдалена Малеева，1975 年 4 月 1 日－）是保加利亞前職業網球女運動員，1989 年轉職業，2005 年宣佈退役。她的 WTA 生涯最高單打排名為第 4。
en: Magdalena Georgieva Maleeva (Bulgarian: Магдалена Георгиева Малеева pronounced [magdaˈlɛnɐ maˈlɛɛvɐ]) (born 1 April 1975) is a Bulgarian former professional tennis player. She played on the WTA Tour competing in singles and doubles, from April 1989 to October 2005. Her best WTA singles ranking was world No. 4.
qas: question: zh_tw: 馬格達萊娜・格奧爾基耶娃排名是多少？
en: What was Magdalena Georgieva ranking?
answers: zh_tw: text: 第 4
en: text: No. 4.
T-70 坦克
T-70

context: zh_tw: 到了 1942 年，輕型坦克被紅軍認為是無用的武器，它們無法匹敵 T-34 中型坦克的效能，其武器也無法傷害大部分的德國坦克，但它們能夠以那些無法處理重型與中型坦克機具的小工廠進行生產。T-70 為缺點繁多的 T-60 偵查坦克代替品，T-60 的機動性差、裝甲薄弱，20 公釐砲火力亦不足。生產時間極短的 T-70 也取代了 T-50 輕型步兵坦克，該坦克有著設計複雜，生產成本高的缺點。
en: By 1942, light tanks were considered inadequate by the Red Army, unable to keep up with the T-34 medium tank and unable to penetrate the armour of most German tanks, but they could be produced by small factories that were unable to handle the large components of medium and heavy tanks.  The T-70 was an attempt to remedy some of the shortcomings of the T-60 scout tank, which had very poor cross-country mobility, thin armour, and an inadequate 20-mm gun.  It also replaced the very short production run of the T-50 light infantry tank, which was more sophisticated, but also much too complicated and expensive to produce.
qas: question: zh_tw: T-60 偵察坦克有什麼型別的裝甲？
en: What type of armour did the T-60 scout tank have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 薄
en: text: thin

context: zh_tw: 第一批生產出來的 T-70 坦克裝有 2 座 GAZ-202 汽車引擎，配置在車體的兩側，各控制一邊的履帶。這被認為是一個嚴重的問題，甚至在發放到部隊前就已得到此結論。很快地，設計局又重新設計了一個新型號 —T-70M（儘管它仍持續被稱作 T-70），其 2 座引擎被改為同軸相接，並置於車體右側，此外還裝了標準的傳動裝置與差動齒輪。其錐形砲塔被一個更簡易的全焊接砲塔所取代，並將其位置移到了車體左側。
en: The first batch of T-70s were built with a GAZ-202 automotive engine on each side of the hull, one driving each track.  This arrangement was seen to be a serious problem, even before the first tanks were issued.  It was quickly redesigned as the T-70M (although it continued to be referred to as just T-70), with the engines in-line on the right side of the tank and a normal transmission and differential.  The conical turret was replaced by one more easily welded out of plate armour, and moved to the left side of the hull.
qas: question: zh_tw: 重新設計的名稱是什麼？
en: What is the name of the redesign
answers: zh_tw: text: T-70M
en: text: T-70M
自然

context: zh_tw: 依據現今證據，科學家重組了行星過去的詳細資料。地球估計在 45.5 億年前從太陽星雲中與太陽及其他行星一同形成。月球在不久之後亦形成（約在地球形成 2 千萬年後，即 45.3 億年前）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 地球從何而來？
en: Where did Earth come from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 太陽星雲

context: zh_tw: 地球的大氣層是維持行星生態系統的主要因素。薄薄的一層氣體因為地心吸力的關係包裹著地球。乾燥的空氣包括 78% 氮、21% 氧、1% 氬及其他惰性氣體、二氧化碳等；但空氣中亦包含不同數量的水蒸氣。海拔越高，往往大氣壓力越小，大氣標高約為 8 公里；即在海拔 8 公里的大氣的壓力，為地球表面的 0.37 倍。。地球大氣層中的臭氧層阻擋了的太陽光中紫外線（UV）的 99%；由於 DNA 很容易會被紫外線破壞，臭氧層保護了地球表面的生命。大氣層同時亦在晚間不讓熱力散發，減低日夜溫差。
qas: question: zh_tw: 包裹著地球的氣體層如何保持原樣？
en: How is the layer of gas enveloping Earth stay where it is?
answers: zh_tw: text: 地心吸力

context: zh_tw: 生物圈為地球外殼的一部分──包括空氣、土地、表面岩石及水──在她們當中生命開始產生，而生物過程在當中亦會改變及轉化。由最廣的地球生理學的觀點來看，生物圈是融合全球所有生命及她們的相互關係的生態系統，包括與岩石圈、水文圈、大氣層的相互關係。現在整個地球有超過 750 億噸（150 兆磅，即約 6.8 x 1013 公斤）的生物質能，在不同環境的生物圈生活著。
qas: question: zh_tw: 是什麼構成了生物圈？
en: What makes up the biosphere?
answers: zh_tw: text: 空氣、土地、表面岩石及水

question: zh_tw: 什麼構成了生物圈？
en: what makes up the biosphere?
answers: zh_tw: text: 融合全球所有生命及她們的相互關係的生態系統，包括與岩石圈、水文圈、大氣層的相互關係

context: zh_tw: 植物的另一個分類在歷史上稱為 “野草”。雖然此名稱在植物學家之間正式用作分類 “無價值的” 植物，非正式的 “野草” 則用作描述人類和社會在改變及塑造自然的方法趨勢中被視為可以拋棄的植物。同樣地，動物亦依據她們與人類生活的關係會被分類為 “家養動物”、“農場動物”、“野生動物”、“有害動物” 等。
qas: question: zh_tw: 動物可以分為哪些種類？
en: What are the categories which animals can be divided into?
answers: zh_tw: text: “家養動物”、“農場動物”、“野生動物”、“有害動物”

context: zh_tw: 在視覺藝術的觀點看來，自然與荒野為世界歷史不同時代的一個重要主題。早期傳統的風景藝術由中國的唐朝藝術（618-907）開始。以 “像真” 形式表達自然的傳統成為中國畫的目的之一，同時亦對亞洲藝術有著重大影響。藝術家學會以 “自然為一個整體、以自身對自然道理的基本理解…… 就像是以鳥類的眼睛去看著自然” 的看法去描繪山水。在 13 世紀，宋朝至元朝間饒自然《繪宗十二忌》指出 “風景缺乏佈局便不能表達自然景象”（境無夷險）為十二種繪畫時應該避免的要點之一。
qas: question: zh_tw: 美學研究哪兩個主題？
en: Aesthetics study which two subjects?
answers: zh_tw: text: 自然與荒野

context: zh_tw: 西方文化中荒野概念的本質價值在 18 世紀，特別是在浪漫主義中的作品開始冒起。大不列顛王國藝術家約翰・康斯特勃和約瑟夫・瑪羅德・威廉・透納把他們的注意力集中在捕捉自然世界的美之上。在此之前，畫作主要物件為宗教場景或是人物。威廉・華茲華斯詩句表達出了對自然世界的驚歎，而自然在以往被視為威脅的存在。漸漸地自然價值成為西方文化的一部分。以上的藝術運動巧合地與超驗主義運動在西方世界中同時發生。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪種文化重視自然？
en: Which culture values nature?
answers: zh_tw: text: 西方
分裂情感性障礙
Schizoaffective disorder

context: zh_tw: 當前治療的主要方法是抗精神病藥物治療與情緒穩定劑藥物或抗抑鬱藥物，或兩者的組合。還有一些研究人員越來越擔心抗抑鬱藥可能增加精神病，躁狂症，和長期的情緒發作迴圈的障礙。當對自己或他人有風險，通常在治療早期時，可能要短暫住院治療。精神康復，心理治療和職業康復對於較高心理社會功能的恢復是非常重要。作為一個群體，患有分裂情感障礙採用 DSM-IV 和 ICD-10 標準診斷比精神分裂症患者預後較好。
en: The mainstay of current treatment is antipsychotic medication combined with mood stabilizer medication or antidepressant medication, or both. There is growing concern by some researchers that antidepressants may increase psychosis, mania, and long-term mood episode cycling in the disorder. When there is risk to self or others, usually early in treatment, hospitalization may be necessary. Psychiatric rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and vocational rehabilitation are very important for recovery of higher psychosocial function. As a group, people with schizoaffective disorder that were diagnosed using DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria (which have since been updated) have a better outcome than people with schizophrenia, but have variable individual psychosocial functional outcomes compared to people with mood disorders, from worse to the same. Outcomes for people with DSM-5 diagnosed schizoaffective disorder depend on data from prospective cohort studies, which have not been completed yet. The DSM-5 diagnosis was updated because DSM-IV criteria resulted in overuse of the diagnosis; that is, DSM-IV criteria led to many patients being misdiagnosed with the disorder. DSM-IV prevalence estimates were less than one percent of the population, in the range of 0.5-0.8 percent; newer DSM-5 prevalence estimates are not yet available.
qas: question: zh_tw: 抗精神病藥物治療可以和什麼結合？
en: what can be combined with antipsychotic medication?
answers: zh_tw: text: 與情緒穩定劑藥物或抗抑鬱藥物，或兩者的組合。
en: text: mood stabilizer medication or antidepressant medication, or both
狩獵谷
Hunting Valley, Ohio

context: zh_tw: 根據 2000 年人口普查，狩獵谷的人口為 735 人、擁有 284 戶和 241 家庭。狩獵谷的人口密度為 92.1 人每平方英里（35.6 人每平方公里），而狩獵谷擁有 317 間房屋單位，密度為 39.7 間平方英里（15.3 間每平方公里）。佩珀派克的人口是由 99.05% 白人、0.14% 黑人、0.68% 亞洲人和 0.14% 混血構成。整條村大部份人口都是白人。而西班牙裔或拉丁美洲人占人口 0.54%。在這些白人當中，有 17.4% 為英國人、17.1% 為德國人、11.0% 為愛爾蘭人、9.0% 為義大利人、5.7% 為美國人以及 5.6% 為俄羅斯人。在 284 戶中，有 27.8% 擁有一個或以上的兒童（18 歲以下）、77.8% 為同居夫妻、4.9% 為獨居女性、而有 15.1% 為非家庭。其中 13.7% 為獨居。平均每戶有 2.59 人，而平均每個家庭則有 2.80 人。在 735 居民中，有 21.6% 為 18 歲以下、4.4% 為 18 至 24 歲、14.4% 為 25 至 44 歲、35.9% 為 45 至 64 歲以及 23.7% 為 65 歲以上。人口的年齡中位數為 51 歲，而每 100 個女性就有 99.2 個男性。狩獵谷的一戶平均收入和收入中位數皆為 $200,000 美金。男性的收入中位數為 $100,000，而女性的則為 $42,083。狩獵谷的人均收入為 $144,281，約 2.1% 家庭和 2.3% 人口收入在貧窮線以下。
en: As of the census of 2000, there were 735 people, 284 households, and 241 families residing in the village. The population density was 92.1 people per square mile (35.6/km2). Of the 735 people, 728 of them are white. There were 317 housing units at an average density of 39.7 per square mile (15.3/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 99.05% White, 0.14% African American, 0.68% Asian, and 0.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population. 17.4% were of English, 17.1% German, 11.0% Irish, 9.0% Italian, 5.7% American and 5.6% Russian ancestry according to Census 2000.
qas: question: zh_tw: 村裡有多少住房單位？
en: How many housing unit are in the village?
answers: zh_tw: text: 317
en: text: 317
積分

context: zh_tw: 定義積分的方法不止一種，各種定義之間也不是完全等價的。其中的差別主要是在定義某些特殊的函式：在某些積分的定義下這些函式不可積分，但在另一些定義之下它們的積分存在。然而有時也會因為教學的原因造成定義上的差別。最常見的積分定義是黎曼積分和勒貝格積分。
qas: question: zh_tw: 定義積分有什麼區別？
en: What does the difference in defining an integral address?
answers: zh_tw: text: 其中的差別主要是在定義某些特殊的函式

context: zh_tw: 微積分基本定理是將微分運算（求導運算）和積分運算（原函式）聯絡在一起的基本定理。從基本定理可以看出微分和積分運算之間的互逆關係。定理敘述如下：
qas: question: zh_tw: 牛頓創造的基本定理與什麼關係？
en: What connection does the theorem of calculas created by Newton show?
answers: zh_tw: text: 微分和積分運算之間的互逆關係
謝爾蓋・帕拉傑諾夫
Sergei Parajanov

context: zh_tw: 在晚年，他將餘力全部投入了最後的大作當中去，然而他的健康狀況卻不斷惡化。1990 年 7 月 20 日，帕拉傑諾夫在亞美尼亞埃裡溫去世，享年 66 歲。他的作品最終沒能完成，同樣未完成的還有他的自傳。在他去世後，費里尼、託尼諾・古埃拉、羅西、阿爾貝託・摩拉維亞、朱麗葉塔・馬西那、馬切洛・馬斯特羅亞尼、貝爾託魯奇等人都表示了哀悼。在一封發往俄羅斯的電報中寫道：“世界影壇失去了一位魔術師。”
en: Parajanov then attempted to complete his final project. He died of cancer in Yerevan, Armenia, on July 20, 1990, aged 66, leaving this final work, The Confession, unfinished. It survives in its original negative as Parajanov: The Last Spring (film), assembled by his close friend Mikhail Vartanov in 1992. Federico Fellini, Tonino Guerra, Francesco Rosi, Alberto Moravia, Giulietta Masina, Marcello Mastroianni and Bernardo Bertolucci were among those who publicly mourned his death. They sent a telegram to Russia with the following statement: "The world of cinema has lost a magician".
qas: question: zh_tw: 帕拉傑諾夫去世的時候有多大？
en: How old was Parajanov when he died?
answers: zh_tw: text: 66
en: text: 66
資料記錄器
Data logger

context: zh_tw: 資料記錄器（英語：data logger、datalogger 或 data recorder）是一種電子裝置，它可以使用內建的儀器或透過外接的儀器或感測器記錄隨時間變化的資料或相對位置。目前已有越來越多（但非全部）的感測器基於數字處理器或者計算機。這些記錄器通常有小型、電池供電、行動式等特徵，並配備有微處理器、感測器以及用於資料儲存的內部儲存器。部分資料記錄器具有連線個人計算機的介面，使用特定軟體可以啟用記錄器和檢視與分析收集到的資料，還有一些記錄器具有本地介面（如鍵盤、LCD 螢幕），可以作為獨立裝置使用。
en: A data logger (also datalogger or data recorder) is an electronic device that records data over time or in relation to location either with a built in instrument or sensor or via external instruments and sensors. Increasingly, but not entirely, they are based on a digital processor (or computer). They generally are small, battery powered, portable, and equipped with a microprocessor, internal memory for data storage, and sensors. Some data loggers interface with a personal computer, and use software to activate the data logger and view and analyze the collected data, while others have a local interface device (keypad, LCD) and can be used as a stand-alone device.
qas: question: zh_tw: 資料記錄器有多大？
en: What is the size of the data logger?
answers: zh_tw: text: 小型
en: text: small

context: zh_tw: 已有幾種協議被標準化，例如智慧協議 SDI-12，這使得一些儀器可以與各種資料記錄器連線。該標準的使用在環境行業以外並未獲得很多認可。SDI-12 也支援多個點狀裝置。一些資料記錄公司也正在支援 MODBUS 標準。這已經在傳統上用於工業控制區域，並且有許多支援該通訊標準的工業儀器。另一種現今開始變得更廣泛的多點協議是基於 Canbus（ISO 11898）。一些資料記錄器使用靈活的指令碼環境來適應各種非標準協議。
en: Several protocols have been standardised including a smart protocol, SDI-12, that allows some instrumentation to be connected to a variety of data loggers. The use of this standard has not gained much acceptance outside the environmental industry. SDI-12 also supports multi drop instruments. Some datalogging companies are also now supporting the MODBUS standard. This has been used traditionally in the industrial control area, and there are many industrial instruments which support this communication standard. Another multi drop protocol which is now starting to become more widely used is based upon CAN Bus (ISO 11898). Some data loggers use a flexible scripting environment to adapt themselves to various non-standard protocols.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼行業主要使用 SDI-12？
en: What industry mainly uses SDI-12?
answers: zh_tw: text: 環境行業
en: text: environmental industry

context: zh_tw: 資料記錄器一般是一個獨立裝置，而典型的資料採集系統必須保持與計算機的連線以收集資料。獨立的資料記錄器意味著它需要將所獲取的資料儲存在板載儲存器上，因此有時記憶體需求會相當大，以滿足數天甚至數月的無人值守並記錄。這種記憶體可能是用電池維持的靜態隨機存取儲存器、快閃記憶體或 EEPROM。更早期的資料記錄器使用磁帶、穿孔紙帶，或者更直觀可見的記錄，例如 “條帶圖表記錄器”。
en: Data loggers are implicitly stand-alone devices, while typical data acquisition system must remain tethered to a computer to acquire data. This stand-alone aspect of data loggers implies on-board memory that is used to store acquired data. Sometimes this memory is very large to accommodate many days, or even months, of unattended recording.  This memory may be battery-backed static random access memory, flash memory or EEPROM.  Earlier data loggers used magnetic tape, punched paper tape, or directly viewable records such as "strip chart recorders".
qas: question: zh_tw: 資料採集系統必須保持和什麼連線？
en: what must data acquisition systems stay connected to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 計算機
en: text: a computer
Ncurses
Ncurses

context: zh_tw: 它是極少數不在 GNU GPL 或 LGPL 下分發的 GNU 檔案；它是在一個類似於 MIT 許可證的寬自由軟體許可證下分發的。
en: Ncurses is a part of the GNU Project. It is one of the few GNU files not distributed under the GNU GPL or LGPL; it is distributed under a permissive free software licence, similar to the MIT License. This is due to the agreement made with the Free Software Foundation at the time the developers assigned their copyright.
qas: question: zh_tw: Ncurses 如何進行分發？
en: How is Ncurses distributed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 寬自由軟體許可證
en: text: under a permissive free software licence
葬火龍屬
Citipati

context: zh_tw: 葬火龍屬（屬名：Citipati）是獸腳亞目偷蛋龍科的一屬恐龍，生活於上白堊紀的蒙古，化石發現於戈壁沙漠烏哈託喀（Ukhaa Tolgod）地區的德加多克塔組（Djadokhta Formation）。牠是相當著名的偷蛋龍科恐龍之一，因為目前已發現幾副儲存完好的骨骼，包括幾個在巢中孵蛋的標本。這些標本鞏固了恐龍與鳥類之間的關聯。葬火龍與偷蛋龍的外表類似，兩者常被混淆。
en: Citipati (pronounced [ˈtʃiːt̪ɪpət̪i] in Hindi, meaning 'funeral pyre lord') is a genus of oviraptorid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Mongolia (specifically, the Djadokhta Formation of Ukhaa Tolgod, in the Gobi Desert). It is one of the best-known oviraptorids, thanks to a number of well-preserved skeletons, including several specimens found in brooding positions atop nests of eggs. These nesting specimens have helped to solidify the link between non-avian dinosaurs and birds.
qas: question: zh_tw: 葬火龍代表哪兩個物種相關聯？
en: Citipati represent what species link?
answers: zh_tw: text: 恐龍與鳥類之間
en: text: non-avian dinosaurs and birds
MENA
MENA

context: zh_tw: 中東北非（MENA）地帶擁有豐富的石油及天然氣儲量，使其成為保持全球經濟穩定的關鍵因素之一。根據《油氣雜誌》（2009 年 1 月版），中東北非（MENA）擁有全球 60% 的石油儲備 (810.98 十億桶（128.936 立方公里）) 以及 45% 的天然氣儲備 (2,868,886 × 109 立方英尺（81,237.8 立方公里）)。直至 2011 年，歐佩克組織 12 個國家內，有 8 個屬於中東北非（MENA）區域。
en: The MENA region has vast reserves of petroleum and natural gas that make it a vital source of global economic stability. According to the Oil and Gas Journal (January 1, 2009), the MENA region has 60% of the world's oil reserves (810.98 billion barrels (128.936 km3)) and 45% of the world's natural gas reserves (  2,868,886 billion cubic feet (81,237.8 km3)  ).As of 2011, 8 of the 15 OPEC nations are within the MENA region.
qas: question: zh_tw: 中東北非最知名的是什麼？
en: What is MENA best known for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 石油及天然氣
en: text: petroleum and natural gas
逃避自由
Escape from Freedom

context: zh_tw: 《逃避自由》（Escape from Freedom）由 Routledge (英國) 出版於 1941 年，是精神分析和社會理論家艾瑞克・弗洛姆的著作中較為出名的一本。在本書中弗洛姆主要探索了在歷史程序中人性和自由概念不定變化的關係。
en: Escape from Freedom, sometimes known as The Fear of Freedom outside North America, is a book by the Frankfurt-born psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, first published in the United States by Farrar & Rinehart in 1941. In the book, Fromm explores humanity's shifting relationship with freedom, with particular regard to the personal consequences of its absence. His special emphasis is the psychosocial conditions that facilitated the rise of Nazism.
qas: question: zh_tw: “這本書的另一個名字是什麼？” “《逃避自由》”？
en: What is the other name for the book "Escape from Freedom"?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《逃避自由》（Escape from Freedom）由 Routledge (英國) 出版於 1941 年
en: text: The Fear of Freedom

context: zh_tw: 在從令人窒息的權威 / 價值體系獲得解放的過程中，弗洛姆說，我們常常會感到空虛和焦慮 （他將此比作從嬰兒到兒童的成長曆程），這些感受不會消失除非我們使用我們的 “自由往” 並發展出新的形式取代舊的秩序。但是，常見的實踐 “自由往” 或者真實性的替代方式，是對一個取代舊的秩序的獨裁系統臣服，這個系統有著別樣的外在表現但卻對個人有著相同的功效：用開出如何思考如何行動的處方來驅除不確定性。他將此歸為歷史的辨證過程，原有的境況是命題，從中解放是反命題。達到合題只能是用什麼取代了原來的秩序並提供人們新的安全感。弗洛姆沒有提到新的系統是否有必要是進步的。
en: In the process of becoming freed from authority, we are often left with feelings of hopelessness (he likens this process to the individuation of infants in the normal course of child development) that will not abate until we use our 'freedom to' and develop some form of replacement of the old order. However, a common substitute for exercising "freedom to" or authenticity is to submit to an authoritarian system that replaces the old order with another of different external appearance but identical function for the individual: to eliminate uncertainty by prescribing what to think and how to act. Fromm characterizes this as a dialectic historical process whereby the original situation is the thesis and the emancipation from it the antithesis. The synthesis is only reached when something has replaced the original order and provided humans with a new security. Fromm does not indicate that the new system will necessarily be an improvement. In fact, Fromm indicates this will only break the never-ending cycle of negative freedom that society submits to.
qas: question: zh_tw: 為了達到合題，必須為人類提供什麼？
en: What must be provided for humans in order for synthesis to be reached?
answers: zh_tw: text: 什麼取代了原來的秩序並提供人們新的安全感
en: text: something has replaced the original order and provided humans with a new security
約旦國會

context: zh_tw: 約旦國會（阿拉伯語：البرلمان الأردني‎）是約旦的兩院制國家立法機構。它由 1952 年憲法成立，由參議院及眾議院兩個議會組成。
qas: question: zh_tw: 立法機構包括多少個議會？
en: How many houses does the legislature consist of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 兩個

context: zh_tw: 作為一個發展中的君主立憲國家，約旦在中東政治中的考驗和磨難中倖存下來。約旦公眾在 1946 年獨立後體驗到有限的民主，並沒有受如其他中東政權的獨裁壓制，1952 年憲法容許約旦人組成及組織政黨。此權利在 1967 年在國家緊急狀態戒嚴及國會暫停下被暫停，直至 1989 年解除，國會重新召開。
qas: question: zh_tw: 約旦何時獲得獨立？
en: When did Jordan gain independence?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1946 年

context: zh_tw: 雖然於 1989 年改革，多黨政治在約旦仍未發展，在國會擁有席位的政黨只有伊斯蘭行動陣線。約旦的政黨主要代表伊斯蘭主義者、左派、阿拉伯民族主義者和保守主義者。約旦有 34 個註冊政黨，包括約旦阿拉伯民主黨、約旦社會主義黨、穆斯林中間黨等，但他們在政治上影響微細。政黨法於 2007 年 3 月頒佈，要求所有政黨在內政部註冊，以及最少有來自 5 個省份 500 名創黨成員。此舉被視為是對相對較少成員的小政黨的威脅。
qas: question: zh_tw: 政黨代表什麼樣的民族主義者？
en: What kind of nationalists do the political parties represent?
answers: zh_tw: text: 阿拉伯
促發 (心理學)

context: zh_tw: 促發會發生在知覺的、語義的或概念的刺激重複。例如：如果有一個人讀一張包括單字表 的清單，並要求他完成這張表，而且要從標籤 這個字開始，他或她將回答單字表 的可能性好過於如果他們沒有被促發。另一個例子則是，如果人們看到一個不完整的草圖，他們無法去確定，他們就會顯示更多的草圖，直到他們認識這張圖片，然後他們將會確定這張草圖是在更早的階段比他們第一時間確認還有可能。 促發效應會是非常顯著及持久的，甚至比簡單的識別記憶還要顯著及持久。 無意識促發效應會影響字幹測試中的字的選擇，在字已經自覺地被遺忘自之後。促發運作得最好時，是當兩個刺激都用相同的模式 。例如：視覺的促發配上視覺的暗示運作得最好，以及口頭的促發配上口頭的暗示運作得也很好。但促發也會發生在模式之間，或在語義相關的字之間，例如「醫生」和「護士」。
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼型別的暗示更能啟動視覺？
en: What types of cues work better with visual priming?
answers: zh_tw: text: 視覺

context: zh_tw: 健忘症患者是指他們的內側顳葉 受到損害，導致他們每天的事實和事件的外顯記憶損傷。在健忘症的患者中，促發研究有著不同的結果，取決於促發測試的完成，以及教學語法這兩種型別。
qas: question: zh_tw: 某人的內側顳葉損傷了會發生什麼？
en: What happens when someones medial temporal lobe is damaged?
answers: zh_tw: text: 他們每天的事實和事件的外顯記憶損傷
哈法鎮戰役
Battle of al-Haffah

context: zh_tw: 這場戰役開始於 2012 年 6 月 5 日，當時大批 FSA 武裝分子集合起來襲擊並佔領了該鎮的警察局。不久之後，敘利亞政府軍包圍了該鎮並開始發動攻勢。反對派武裝聲稱在戰鬥中有至少 5 輛政府軍坦克和裝甲車被擊毀。戰鬥還在附近的 Bakas、Shirqaq、Babna、Al-Jankil 和 Al-Dafil 等村莊爆發。在第一天的戰鬥中有 33 人喪生，其中 22 人為政府軍，9 人為反對派武裝，還有 2 名平民。
en: The fighting started on 5 June 2012, in Al-Haffah, when a large concentration of FSA rebels attacked and captured the town's police stations. Soon after, government forces surrounded the city and began an attack. The opposition claimed at least five government tanks and armoured personnel carriers were destroyed in the fighting. Clashes also broke out in the nearby villages of Bakas, Shirqaq, Babna, Al-Jankil, and Al-Dafil.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這場戰役何時爆發？
en: When did the fighting break out?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2012 年 6 月 5 日
en: text: 5 June 2012
中東航空
Middle East Airlines

context: zh_tw: 1955 年，泛美航空取代英國海外航空成為中東航空的最大股東持有人。同年 10 月，引入一架 Vickers Viscount 飛機，並於 1957 年 6 月租賃首架 Avro York 貨機。1960 年 12 月 15 日，為數 4 架的哈維蘭彗星 4C 型客機陸續投入服務。
en: Pan Am was replaced when BOAC acquired 49% of MEA's shares in 1955.  A Vickers Viscount was introduced in October 1955 while an Avro York cargo aircraft was leased in June 1957. On 15 December 1960 the first of four de Havilland Comet 4Cs arrived.  After the association with BOAC ended on 16 August 1961, MEA was merged with Air Liban on 7 June 1963, which gave Air France a 30% holding, since relinquished.  The full title was then Middle East Airlines – Air Liban.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哈維蘭彗星 4C 型客機四架中的第一架哪一年抵達？
en: What year did the first of four Havilland Comet 4C's arrive?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1960
en: text: 1960

question: zh_tw: 1957 年租出了哪種飛機？
en: What type of plane was leased in 1957?
answers: zh_tw: text: Viscount 飛機，並於 1957 年 6 月租賃首架 Avro York 貨機。
en: text: Avro York cargo aircraft
羅伯特・F・肯尼迪遇刺案

context: zh_tw: 當索罕被警察拘捕時，他們在其口袋中發現了一篇有關羅伯特・F・肯尼迪支援以色列的報紙文章，之後在法庭上他也作證表示自己正是在知道羅伯特的這一支援後開始恨他的。1989 年接受英國電視節日主持人大衛・弗羅斯特採訪時他說：“我與羅伯特・肯尼迪之間唯一的聯絡就是他對以色列的支援以及他明顯是為了傷害巴勒斯坦人而故意派給以色列的那 50 架轟炸機。” 有學者認為，這一刺殺是由中東地區的阿以衝突在美國國內所導致的第一次重大政治暴力事件，有些人認為索罕的動機就是中東政治問題，但這樣的看法被批評過於簡單化，進而忽略了其更深層次的心理問題。
qas: question: zh_tw: 執法人員在槍手身上找到了哪種物品？
en: What kind of object did law enforcement find on the shooter's person?
answers: zh_tw: text: 報紙文章

context: zh_tw: 2006 年 11 月，英國廣播公司的《夜間新聞》介紹了由一位名叫夏恩・奧薩利文（Shane O'Sullivan）的電影製作人所做的研究，這一研究指控有多位中央情報局官員出現在刺殺當夜現場。案發當晚所拍攝下的錄影影片中出現的三位男子被認為是前中央情報局高級別官員及其同事和助理，並均曾在邁阿密的 “JMWAVE” 反卡斯特羅行動指揮部工作過。這三人分別是 “JMWAVE” 行動主管丹尼爾・桑切斯・莫拉里斯、海上行動總指揮哥頓・坎培爾（Gordon Campbell）和心理戰術總指揮喬治・瓊尼德斯（George Joannides）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 討論了什麼網路？
en: What network was discussed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2006 年 11 月，英國廣播公司的《夜間新聞》介紹了由一位名叫夏恩・奧薩利文（Shane
孟加拉國
Bangladesh

context: zh_tw: 孟加拉人民共和國（孟加拉語：গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ，Gônôprôjatôntri Bangladesh），簡稱孟加拉國（বাংলাদেশ [ˈbaŋladeʃ]  聆聽），中文通稱孟加拉，南亞國家，位於孟加拉灣之北，毗鄰尼泊爾、不丹以及中華人民共和國，卻無接壤；東南山區一小部份與緬甸為鄰，其他部份都與印度接壤。位於孟加拉灣的海域面積大致等同於陸地面積。孟加拉國 98% 的人口使用孟加拉語，國教為伊斯蘭教；人口 1.7 億，排名世界伊斯蘭國家第三。第一大城市是首都達卡，第二大城市吉大港市同時是該國最大的港口。
en: Dhaka is Bangladesh's capital and largest city. There are 12 city corporations which hold mayoral elections: Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Chittagong, Comilla,  Khulna, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barisal, Rangpur, Gazipur and Narayanganj. Mayors are elected for five-year terms. Altogether there are 506 urban centres in Bangladesh among which 43 cities have a population of more than 100000.
qas: question: zh_tw: 孟加拉國最大的城市是哪個？
en: What's the biggest place in Bangladesh?
answers: zh_tw: text: 達卡
en: text: Dhaka
2018 年杜馬化學襲擊事件
Douma chemical attack

context: zh_tw: 歐洲聯盟發表宣告，表示 “證據表明政權又策劃了一起化學襲擊”，“強烈關切化學武器，特別是針對平民的繼續使用。歐盟最強烈地譴責化學武器的使用，呼籲國際社會立即作出反應”，同時呼籲聯合國安理會查明肇事者及俄羅斯和伊朗是否影響阿薩德發動襲擊。
en: European Union – In a statement, the EU said "the evidence points towards yet another chemical attack by the regime" and "it is a matter of grave concern that chemical weapons continue to be used, especially on civilians. The European Union condemns in the strongest terms the use of chemical weapons and calls for an immediate response by the international community". It also called for the United Nations Security Council to identify the perpetrators and for Russia and Iran to influence Assad against launching such attacks. United Nations – On 10 April 2018, the United Nations Security Council failed to adopt three competing resolutions on an inquiry into the chemical attack, with Russia and the United States clashing over the issue and exchanging military threats.The World Health Organization released a statement, with a reference to outside medical sources, that 43 people died while suffering "symptoms consistent with exposure to highly toxic chemicals."
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰做了關於戰爭中化學制劑的使用的宣告？
en: Who made a statement about the chemical used in warfare?
answers: zh_tw: text: 歐洲聯盟
en: text: European Union
玻爾 - 愛因斯坦之爭
Bohr–Einstein debates

context: zh_tw: 1913 年的玻爾模型成功的使用量子解釋了原子光譜。愛因斯坦剛開始很懷疑，但很快就接受了它。玻爾模型使得現實無法被詳細地描述，但是愛因斯坦容忍了這個缺點，只因為愛因斯坦認為它還沒有完成。確實，這個模型需要電子能夠從一個軌道跳躍到另一個軌道（在獲得能量時遠離原子核而以光子的形式釋放能量時靠近原子核）但並不經過兩個軌道之間的空間。但是這只是一個偉大的開端，時間會洗清這一切，就像時間洗清了光的波動性和粒子性的矛盾。他認為物理學需要一場革命來解決量子的不連續。
en: Einstein was the first physicist to say that Planck's discovery of the quantum (h) would require a rewriting of the laws of physics. To support his point, in 1905 he proposed that light sometimes acts as a particle which he called a light quantum (see photon and wave–particle duality). Bohr was one of the most vocal opponents of the photon idea and did not openly embrace it until 1925. The photon appealed to Einstein because he saw it as a physical reality (although a confusing one) behind the numbers. Bohr disliked it because it made the choice of mathematical solution arbitrary. He did not like a scientist having to choose between equations.1913 brought the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, which made use of the quantum to explain the atomic spectrum. Einstein was at first skeptical, but quickly changed his mind and admitted his shift in mindset.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在原子光譜得到解釋之後，誰改變了想法？
en: Who changed his mind after the atomic spectrum was explained?
answers: zh_tw: text: 愛因斯坦
en: text: Einstein

context: zh_tw: 20 世紀 20 年代的量子力學革命在愛因斯坦和玻爾的研究方向上展開了，而革命後愛因斯坦和玻爾的爭論也是關於如何理解這些改變。這場革命對愛因斯坦的第一個衝擊是 1925 年維爾納・海森堡提出了矩陣力學，因此就徹底地廢除了牛頓力學中的經典元素。下一個衝擊是 1926 年馬克斯・玻恩提出量子力學應該被理解為沒有任何因果聯絡的機率。最後，在 1927 年年底，海森堡和玻恩在索爾維會議中宣佈革命結束，量子力學已經不需要更多東西了。在這最後關頭，愛因斯坦的態度從懷疑變成了沮喪。他相信量子力學已經完成了，但是力學為什麼是這樣的，這仍然需要理解。
en: The quantum revolution of the mid-1920s occurred under the direction of both Einstein and Bohr, and their post-revolutionary debates were about making sense of the change. The shocks for Einstein began in 1925 when Werner Heisenberg introduced matrix equations that removed the Newtonian elements of space and time from any underlying reality. The next shock came in 1926 when Max Born proposed that mechanics were to be understood as a probability without any causal explanation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 維爾納・海森堡是什麼時候把矩陣方程引入愛因斯坦理論的？
en: When did Werner Heisenberg introduce matrix equations to Einstein's theories?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1925 年
en: text: 1925
米諾地爾
Minoxidil

context: zh_tw: 常見的副作用有對眼睛的燒灼感及刺激性，治療部位搔癢、紅腫及刺激性，非預期位置的毛髮生長。如果使用者有以下的嚴重副作用，立即尋求醫療照護：嚴重的過敏反應（紅疹、蕁麻疹、搔癢、呼吸困難、胸悶等）；胸痛；暈眩；火燒心；立即且非預期的體重增加；手或腳的脹大。
en: Minoxidil is generally well tolerated, but common side effects include burning or irritation of the eye, itching, redness or irritation at the treated area, and unwanted hair growth elsewhere on the body. Exacerbation of hair loss/alopecia has been reported. Severe allergic reactions may include rash, hives, itching, difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, tachycardia, headache, sudden and unexplained weight gain, or swelling of the hands and feet.
qas: question: zh_tw: 米諾地爾常見的影響有哪些？
en: What are some common effects of minoxidil?
answers: zh_tw: text: 對眼睛的燒灼感及刺激性，治療部位搔癢、紅腫及刺激性
en: text: burning or irritation of the eye, itching, redness or irritation
科莫蒂尼
Komotini

context: zh_tw: 科莫蒂尼（希臘語：Κομοτηνή，土耳其語：Gümülcine）是希臘東馬其頓和色雷斯大區首府及羅多彼州首府。西距塞薩洛尼基 282 公里，北距保加利亞邊境 23 公里，東距土耳其 100 千米。科莫蒂尼位於歷史上的色雷斯地區，1363 年被奧斯曼帝國佔領，1913 年在第一次巴爾幹戰爭中改城被保加利亞佔領。第一次世界大戰結束後，作為同盟國的保加利亞王國戰敗，同協約國簽訂《納伊條約》，將科莫蒂尼以及西色雷斯地區割讓給希臘王國。科莫蒂尼目前是希臘主要的土耳其穆斯林聚居區，城市人口中土耳其穆斯林佔到 50%。
en: Komotini (Greek: Κομοτηνή; Turkish: Gümülcine) is a city in the region of East Macedonia and Thrace, northeastern Greece. It is the capital of the Rhodope regional unit. It was the administrative centre of the Rhodope-Evros super-prefecture until its abolition in 2010, by the Kallikratis Plan. The city is home to the Democritus University of Thrace, founded in 1973. Komotini is home to a sizeable Turkish-speaking Muslim minority.
qas: question: zh_tw: 科莫蒂尼位於哪裡？
en: Where is Komotini located?
answers: zh_tw: text: 希臘東馬其頓和色雷斯
en: text: ast Macedonia and Thrace, northeastern Greece
雲浮市
Yunfu

context: zh_tw: 雲浮（官方音譯：Yunfu，傳統外文：Wanfow）是中華人民共和國廣東省下轄的地級市，位於廣東省西部。市境北靠肇慶市，東鄰佛山市，南接江門市、陽江市、茂名市，西界廣西壯族自治區梧州市。地處北迴歸線南面，珠江三角洲以西，西江南岸山地丘陵區，天露山、雲霧山與雲開大山的北部分支，主要地貌為低山及狹長的河谷盆地。西江支流羅定江、新興江流經境內。全市總面積 7,785 平方公里，總人口 246.05 萬。雲浮過去盛產大理石（雲石），現以加工大理石聞名。
en: Yunfu, formerly romanized as Wanfow, is a prefecture-level city in western Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. It borders Zhaoqing to the north, Foshan to the east, Jiangmen to the southwest, Yangjiang to the south, Maoming to the southwest, and the autonomous region of Guangxi to the west.
qas: question: zh_tw: 雲浮位於中華人民共和國哪個地區？
en: Which area of PRC is Yunfu situated?
answers: zh_tw: text: 廣東省西部
en: text: western Guangdong province
丹佛大學
University of Denver

context: zh_tw: 丹佛大學（英語：The University of Denver, DU），亦稱丹大，建立於 1864 年，是美國洛磯山脈地區最古老的男女私立大學。現為一所位於科羅拉多州首府丹佛的四年制大學，校園是廣達 125 英畝的大學城，距離丹佛市區車程約 11 公里。在 2011 年，丹大有大約 5 千本科生、6 千研究生。
en: The University of Denver (DU) is a private research university in Denver, Colorado.  Founded in 1864, it is the oldest independent private university in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States.  DU enrolls approximately 5,600 undergraduate students and 6,100 graduate students.  The 125-acre (0.51 km2) main campus is a designated arboretum and is located primarily in the University Neighborhood, about five miles (8 km) south of downtown Denver.
qas: question: zh_tw: DU 本科生或是研究生比較多？
en: Are there more undergraduate students or graduate students at DU?
answers: zh_tw: text: 本科生
en: text: graduate
生物化學的歷史
History of biochemistry

context: zh_tw: 在許許多多不同的生物分子之中，很大一部分是複雜的大分子（稱為聚合物），是由許多相似的小亞基（稱為單體）組合在一起構成的。每一類聚合物對應著一套不同的亞基，例如，蛋白質就是一類聚合物，它們的亞基則是二十種（或更多）氨基酸；糖類則是由單糖、雙糖和多糖組成；脂肪由脂肪酸和甘油醇組成；核酸是由核苷酸單體組成。生物化學研究這些重要生物分子的化學性質，尤其是酶促反應的化學機理。關於細胞代謝和內分泌系統的生化機理也有很詳盡的研究。生物化學的其他方面還包括遺傳密碼（DNA、RNA）、蛋白質合成、跨膜運輸以及訊號轉導。
en: Among the vast number of different biomolecules, many are complex and large molecules (called polymers), which are composed of similar repeating subunits (called monomers). Each class of polymeric biomolecule has a different set of subunit types. For example, a protein is a polymer whose subunits are selected from a set of twenty or more amino acids, carbohydrates are formed from sugars known as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, lipids are formed from fatty acids and glycerols, and nucleic acids are formed from nucleotides. Biochemistry studies the chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, and in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The biochemistry of cell metabolism and the endocrine system has been extensively described. Other areas of biochemistry include the genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction.
qas: question: zh_tw: 一個蛋白質聚合物中有多少個氨基酸？
en: how many amino acids are in a protein polymer?
answers: zh_tw: text: 二十種（或更多）
en: text: twenty or more
2005 年貝里斯騷亂

context: zh_tw: 2005 年 1 月中，貝里斯的首都貝爾莫潘發生社會騷亂。這次騷亂由新國家預算中稅收明顯增加而引起。它亦對執政黨人民聯合黨的不滿，國庫的狀況越來越差的情形。
qas: question: zh_tw: 內亂是何時爆發的？
en: When did civil unrest break out?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2005 年 1 月中

context: zh_tw: 由對立一方策劃的另一個主要的民眾示威 1 月 21 日在貝爾莫潘發生。（據報，人民聯合黨計劃了一個反擊的示威。）這是一個大型的示威，發生在國民大會建築外，在暴力中解決。示威者向警察擲石，而警察則以橡皮子彈和防暴氣體還擊。警報器和槍聲在至少一公里範圍內清晰可聽。至少有一次巨響出現，明顯不是槍聲，而其原因仍不清楚。有數個示威者被拘捕，包括「黃色人」這位聯合民主黨的堅貞不移黨員。示威的許可權在下午三時終止，但示威者取得了一小時的擴充時間。在擴充時間完結時，警員反覆要求示威者散去，但遭到強烈拒絕。巡官 Jefferires 向群眾宣讀《取締騷亂法》，40 分鐘後，他令防暴警察疏散群眾，當中使用了催淚氣體和橡皮子彈。部分工會工人躺下，不肯離去；他們被強行拖離現場。
qas: question: zh_tw: 可以聽到子彈射擊聲的最小已知距離是多少？
en: What was the minimum known distance that the sounds of bullets firing could be heard from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 一公里
挪威憲法

context: zh_tw: 1776 年的美國獨立宣言（United States Declaration of Independence）、1789 年的法國大革命以及隨後美國和法國制定的憲法都對挪威的憲法帶來了很大的啟發。博採眾長的挪威憲法也成為了當時世界上最激進的幾部民主憲法之一。但在 1814 年的瑞挪戰爭（Det norske felttoget）中敗於東部鄰國瑞典之後，挪威根據莫斯協定（Mossekonvensjonen）被迫與瑞典結為共主邦聯，形成瑞挪聯盟（Unionen mellom Norge og Sverige）。因此挪威被迫在 1814 年 11 月 4 日相應地修正憲法中的若干內容。1905 年，歷時九十一年的瑞挪聯盟宣告解散。挪威也取消憲法中的這部分修正內容。在 1814 年後，憲法還歷經了多次其它方面的修正。最近一次的修正案於 2006 年 2 月 20 日透過。在第二次世界大戰後恢復和平與憲政規則的時期裡，挪威社會各種力量就如何修正憲法，以避免戰時五年內的悲劇重演進行了激烈的爭論，但是最終挪威並未因此修正憲法。在立憲以來漫長的時間裡，挪威憲法的核心內容經受住了種種嚴峻的考驗。
qas: question: zh_tw: 聯盟修正案在哪一年被撤銷？
en: What year were the union amednments revoked?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1905 年

question: zh_tw: 修正內容於什麼時候實施？
en: When were the amendment adopted?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1814 年

context: zh_tw: 將整部憲法的文辭與 1814 年的版本相統一；但有反對意見稱，對大部分現代挪威人而言，這樣的修改反而會使他們更加難以理解憲法中各條款的含義。
qas: question: zh_tw: 挪威人在哪年發現自己難以理解自己的語言？
en: In what year did Norwegians find it difficult to read their own language?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1814

context: zh_tw: 挪威憲法將最高司法權授予了挪威的最高法院。但在 19 世紀最高法院卻常常被議會當作政治工具加以利用，以達到其操控政府的目的。不過自 1927 年之後，最高法院就再也沒有對政府提出過彈劾。2004 年，幾位議員向議會遞交報告，並提出了一份憲法修正案，以調整最高法院的法律基礎，從而達到減小其政治偏向的目的。2007 年 2 月 20 日，該修正案在議會中以全票獲得透過。之後最高法院的法庭不再如同此前那樣，由最高法院法官及佔議會人數四分之一的挪威上議院（Lagting）全體議員組成，將由五位常設的挪威最高法院（Norges Høyesterett）法官以及六位由議會指派的非專業法官共同構成。
qas: question: zh_tw: 最後一次彈劾是在什麼時候？
en: When was the last impeachment?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1927
太空航行對人體的影響
Effect of spaceflight on the human body

context: zh_tw: 前往太空的工程問題及發展太空飛行器推進系統已有超過一個世紀，並耗費數百萬小時的研究。近年來對於人類如何在太空中延長生存和工作的時間已有越來越多的研究。這個問題需要從物理和生物科學上來切入，並且已經成為除了資金以外的最大挑戰。要克服這個困難，首先就是要嘗試去了解長途太空旅行對人體的影響。
en: The engineering problems associated with leaving Earth and developing space propulsion systems have been examined for over a century, and millions of hours of research have been spent on them. In recent years there has been an increase in research on the issue of how humans can survive and work in space for extended and possibly indefinite periods of time. This question requires input from the physical and biological sciences and has now become the greatest challenge (other than funding) facing human space exploration. A fundamental step in overcoming this challenge is trying to understand the effects and impact of long-term space travel on the human body.
qas: question: zh_tw: 已進行了多少小時的研究？
en: How many hours of research has been conducted?
answers: zh_tw: text: 數百萬小時
en: text: millions of hours
昴宿增九
Celaeno (star)

context: zh_tw: 昴宿增九是一顆 B 型的藍白色次巨星，視星等為 + 5.45，它受到的消光非常小，僅有 0.05 等。 昴宿增九的投射自轉速度為 185 公里 / 秒。  它的半徑超過太陽半徑的四倍，表面溫度為 12,800K。
en: 16 Tauri is a blue-white B-type subgiant with an apparent magnitude of +5.45. It is approximately 430 light years from the Sun; about the same distance as the Pleiades. The interstellar extinction of this star is fairly small at 0.05 magnitudes. The projected rotational velocity of the equator is 185 km/s. It is over four times the radius of the Sun and has a surface temperature of 12,800 K.
qas: question: zh_tw: 赤道的溫度是多少
en: what is he temperature of the equator
answers: zh_tw: text: 表面溫度為 12,800K。
en: text: 12,800 K

question: zh_tw: 16 金牛座是什麼顏色？
en: What colors are 16 Tauri?
answers: zh_tw: text: 藍白色
en: text: blue-white