羅貝爾二世 (諾曼底)
Robert Curthose

context: zh_tw: 1080 年復活節，在瑪蒂爾達王后的努力下，父子間達成了和解並休戰直到 1083 年瑪蒂爾達王后去世。羅貝爾在母親去世後似乎很快就離開了宮廷，花了數年時間遊歷法國、德國和佛蘭德斯。他訪問義大利追求托斯卡納的女繼承人瑪蒂爾達（生於 1046 年），但沒有成功。
en: At Easter 1080, father and son were reunited by the efforts of Queen Matilda, and a truce lasted until she died in 1083. Robert seems to have left court soon after the death of his mother and spent several years travelling throughout France, Germany and Flanders. He visited Italy seeking the hand of the great heiress Matilda of Tuscany (b. 1046) but was unsuccessful. During this period as a wandering knight Robert sired several illegitimate children. His bastard son Richard seems to have spent much of his life at the royal court of his uncle William Rufus. This Richard was killed in a hunting accident in the New Forest in 1099 as was his uncle, King William Rufus, the next year. An illegitimate daughter was later married to Helias of Saint-Saens.
qas: question: zh_tw: 羅貝爾遊歷了歐洲哪些國家？
en: What countries did robert travel through in Europe?
answers: zh_tw: text: 法國、德國和佛蘭德斯
en: text: France, Germany and Flanders

question: zh_tw: 女兒嫁給了誰？
answers: en: text: Helias of Saint-Saens

context: zh_tw: 在作為一個四處漂泊的騎士的這段時間，羅貝爾生有好幾個私生兒女。他的私生子理查德似乎花費了一生中很多時間在他的叔叔威廉・魯夫斯的皇家宮廷。1099 年，理查德在一次打獵事故中在新森林被殺，翌年，理查德的叔叔威廉國王同樣在此喪命。羅貝爾的一個私生女後來嫁給了聖桑的赫利亞斯（Helias of Saint-Saens）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 女兒嫁給了誰？
en: Who was the daughter married to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 聖桑的赫利亞斯

context: zh_tw: 1087 年，征服者威廉在魯昂圍攻戰中因意外落馬而受傷死亡。在他死時，據說想剝奪長子的繼承權，但被勸說將諾曼領地分給他兩個年長的兒子。威廉將諾曼底公國給予羅貝爾，將英格蘭王國給予威廉・魯夫斯。幼子亨利被給予金錢去購買土地。在兩個年長的兒子當中，同時在海峽兩岸擁有土地的貴族認為羅貝爾意志薄弱，他們傾向選擇支援羅貝爾，因為他們更容易挫敗他的權威。在他們的父親去世的時候，兩兄弟達成協議互為繼承人。然而，和平只持續了不到一年，在 1088 年，貴族們加入到羅貝爾一方併發起取代魯夫斯的叛亂。叛亂沒有成功，部分原因是羅貝爾從沒露面去支援英格蘭的叛亂者。
en: At the time of their father's death the two brothers made an agreement to be each other's heir. However this peace lasted less than a year when barons joined with Robert to displace Rufus in the Rebellion of 1088. It was not a success, in part because Robert never showed up to support the English rebels.
qas: question: zh_tw: 和平持續了多長時間？
en: How long did the peace last?
answers: zh_tw: text: 不到一年
en: text: less than a year

question: zh_tw: 在他們的父親去世的時候，兩兄弟達成了一項什麼協議？
en: What agreement did the brothers make when their father passed away?
answers: zh_tw: text: 互為繼承人
en: text: to be each other's heir

context: zh_tw: 1096 年，羅貝爾出發前往聖地參加第一次十字軍東征。據說在啟程時他非常貧窮，常常因為缺乏衣服而待在床上不外出。為了籌集參加十字軍東征的費用，羅貝爾將自己的公爵領地以 10000 馬克抵押給他的兄弟威廉。
en: In 1096, Robert formed an army and left for the Holy Land on the First Crusade. At the time of his departure he was reportedly so poor that he often had to stay in bed for lack of clothes. To raise money for the crusade he mortgaged his duchy to his brother William for the sum of 10,000 marks.
qas: question: zh_tw: 羅貝爾如何為十字軍東征的創立和活動提供費用？
en: How did Robert fund the creation and activities of his crusade?
answers: zh_tw: text: 將自己的公爵領地以 10000 馬克抵押給他的兄弟威廉
en: text: he mortgaged his duchy to his brother William

question: zh_tw: 什麼導致羅伯特待在床上？
en: What caused Robert to remain in bed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 缺乏衣服
en: text: lack of clothes

context: zh_tw: 羅貝爾和威廉同意互相指定對方為英格蘭和諾曼底的假定繼承人。因此，當威廉二世於 1100 年 8 月 2 日死亡以後，羅貝爾應該繼承英格蘭的王位。但當時他正在十字軍東征的回程途中，娶了一個富有年輕的新娘並籌集資金以贖回自己的公國。因此，羅貝爾的兄弟亨利才能由他自己奪取了英格蘭的王位。
en: When William II died on 2 August 1100, Robert was on his return journey from the Crusade and was about to marry a wealthy young bride to raise funds to buy back his duchy. As a result of Robert's absence, his brother Henry was able to seize the crown of England for himself.
qas: question: zh_tw: 她是在哪個月份死亡的？
en: What month did she die?
answers: zh_tw: text: 8 月
en: text: August

context: zh_tw: 在返回途中，弗朗巴爾和一些盎格魯 - 諾曼男爵勸說羅貝爾領導一場對英格蘭的入侵，以從他的兄弟亨利手中奪回王位。1101 年，羅貝爾和他的軍隊在樸次茅斯登陸，但由於他在英格蘭缺乏普遍的支援加上入侵戰術失誤，使得亨利可以反抗這場入侵。羅貝爾被迫在奧爾頓條約中透過外交方式放棄了對英格蘭王位的要求。在第一次十字軍東征中，有人說羅貝爾是一個傑出的戰場指揮官，但卻是一個糟糕的將軍。羅貝爾在諾曼底的統治（或者說糟糕的統治）以及他對英格蘭失敗的入侵證明了他的軍事才能要高於他的政治才能。
en: Upon his return, Robert – urged by Flambard and several Anglo-Norman barons – claimed the English crown, on the basis of the short-lived agreement of 1087, and in 1101 led an invasion to oust his brother Henry.  He landed at Portsmouth with his army, but the lack of popular support among the English (Anselm, the archbishop of Canterbury, was decidedly against him and the Charter of Liberties issued at Henry's coronation was well liked) as well as Robert's own mishandling of the invasion tactics enabled Henry to resist the invasion. Robert was forced by diplomacy to renounce his claim to the English throne in the Treaty of Alton. It is said that Robert was a brilliant field commander but a terrible strategist in the First Crusade.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰聲援入侵，以推翻他的兄弟亨利？
en: Who championed a invasion to overthrow their brother henry?
answers: zh_tw: text: 羅貝爾
en: text: Robert

context: zh_tw: 然而就在 1105 年，羅貝爾和他的兄弟在英格蘭發生接連不斷的意見衝突以及諾曼底本身民眾的混亂，促使亨利入侵諾曼底。奧爾德里克記載了 1105 年復活節的一次事件，當時羅貝爾準備聽西斯 (Sées) 主教，受人尊敬的賽羅 (Serlo) 的佈道。羅貝爾整晚都和妓女和弄臣在一起嬉鬧。當他醉酒後在床上不省人事的時候，他那些卑劣的朋友偷走了他的衣服。羅貝爾醒來後發現自己赤身裸體，不得不呆在床上而錯過了佈道。
en: In 1105, however, Robert's continual stirring of discord with his brother in England as well as civil disorder in Normandy itself prompted Henry to invade Normandy. Orderic reports on an incident at Easter 1105 when Robert was supposed to hear a sermon by the venerable Serlo, Bishop of Sées. Robert spent the night before sporting with harlots and jesters, and while he lay in bed sleeping off his drunkenness his unworthy friends stole his clothes. He awoke to find himself naked and had to remain in bed and missed the sermon.
qas: question: zh_tw: 當他發現他錯過了佈道時，他穿了襪子嗎？
en: When he discovered that he missed the sermon, was he wearing socks?
answers: zh_tw: text: 赤身裸體
en: text: He awoke to find himself naked

context: zh_tw: 1134 年，羅貝爾 80 多歲時在加的夫城堡去世。羅貝爾・柯索斯，曾經的諾曼底公爵，征服者威廉的長子，被埋葬在格洛斯特的聖彼得修道院。他埋葬的確切地點很難被確定，傳說羅貝爾要求被埋葬在主祭壇前面。然而，他的泥炭木雕像躺在裝飾著九偉人的紋章的棺木上（缺少了約書亞的，用懺悔者愛德華的紋章替代）。雕像的時期大約在他死後約 100 年，棺木就更遲了。這所教堂後來成為格洛斯特大教堂。
en: In 1134, Robert died in Cardiff Castle in his early eighties. Robert Curthose, sometime Duke of Normandy, eldest son of the Conqueror, was buried in the abbey church of St. Peter in Gloucester. The exact place of his burial is difficult to establish – legend states that he requested to be buried before the High Altar. His effigy carved in bog oak, however, lies on a mortuary chest decorated with the attributed arms of the Nine Worthies (missing one – Joshua, and replaced with the arms of Edward the Confessor). The effigy dates from about 100 years after his death and the mortuary chest much later. The church subsequently has become Gloucester Cathedral.
qas: question: zh_tw: 羅伯特幾歲去世？
en: How old was Robert when he died?
answers: zh_tw: text: 80 多歲
en: text: early eighties