zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
貓和老鼠

context: zh_tw: 之前，漢納和巴伯拉從 1939 年到 1958 年為米高梅（MGM）製作了 114 集《貓和老鼠》短劇。在這段間裡，他們贏得了七個奧斯卡獎動畫短片，打平了迪士尼 1939 年《糊塗交響曲》（Silly Symphoines）創下的記錄。
qas: question: zh_tw: 《貓和老鼠》短劇有多少集？
en: How many Tom and Jerry shorts were there?
answers: zh_tw: text: 114

context: zh_tw: 1953 年以前，所有的《貓和老鼠》動畫均以學院比例格式製作；在 1954 年到 1955 年間，一部分動畫同時製作了學院格式和寬銀幕 CinemaScope 格式兩個版本。從 1956 年到米高梅關閉動畫部門的第二年間，所有的《貓和老鼠》動畫均以 CinemaScope 格式製作；一部分動畫甚至採用了立體聲效果。60 年代，吉恩・代徹和查克・瓊斯製作的短片均採用學院格式，但是亦包含有為相容學院寬銀幕格式而製作的動畫畫面。所有的漢納 - 巴巴拉版動畫均以三色帶 Technicolor 格式製作；60 年代的動畫以 Metrocolor 方式製作。
qas: question: zh_tw: 漫畫貓和老鼠在哪一年永久性轉為寬銀幕電影製作？
en: In what year did the Tom and Jerry cartoons permanently move to CinemaScope production?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1955 年

context: zh_tw: 由於代徹團隊只看了一小部分的早期《貓和老鼠》短劇，而且由於團隊以 10,000 美元的緊湊的預算製作了他們的卡通片，所以所拍出的電影被認為是超現實主義，顯然這不是代徹的意圖。與精緻的漢納 - 巴伯拉短劇相比，代徹的短劇顯得背景更簡單，角度更奇特，更具有裝飾藝術風格，而音樂的特點是回聲電子音樂，未來派的聲音效果，重混響，咕噥。紐約時報稱，“捷克版與原版《貓和老鼠》卡通比並沒有什麼共同點。
qas: question: zh_tw: 指出代徹卡通的一種藝術效果。
en: Name one type of effects that these gag-driven cartoons exhibited?
answers: zh_tw: text: 未來派的聲音效果

context: zh_tw: 飛美遜工作室（Filmation Sto.）（米高梅 MGM 電視）也嘗試過製作《貓和老鼠秀》（Tom and Jerry Show）。他們的版本，《貓和老鼠喜劇秀》，於 1980 年首次亮相，該片也包含有著強烈性格特徵的角色，例如德魯比（Droopy），斯派克（Spike）（在《貓和老鼠》以及相同的版本里也採用），邁克老狼和巴尼熊，均來自於原米高梅（MGM）短劇。飛美遜 《貓和老鼠》動畫片和漢納巴伯拉的電視秀有明顯的不同，因為他們仍沿用原貓和老鼠的追逐戲，不過是以更 “鬧劇” 的幽默形式。這形象很像 1975 年的版本，同樣也受到觀眾的好評。本片自 1980 年 9 月 6 日至 1982 年 9 月 4 日間持續在哥倫比亞廣播公司（CBS）星期六早晨播出。
qas: question: zh_tw: 1980 年，哈納巴伯拉動畫公司之前的哪一部電影迴歸，作為一部新的精彩喜劇片？
en: What former Hanna-Barbera cartoon was brought back in 1980 as a new refreshed comedy show?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《貓和老鼠秀》（Tom and Jerry Show）

context: zh_tw: 《貓和老鼠》另一集短劇，《空手道保鏢》（The Karate Guard），由巴伯拉和斯派克勃蘭特（Spike Brandt）共同編導，故事板由約瑟夫巴伯拉（Joseph Barbera）和高本嚴（Iwan Takamoto）創作，斯派克勃蘭特（Spike Brandt）和託尼塞文（Tony Cervone）於 2005 年 9 月 27 日出品，首映式作為《貓和老鼠》65 週年慶祝活動的一部分，在美國洛杉磯首映，這標誌著巴伯拉自從他和漢納合作米高梅（MGM）卡通短劇系列後首次以一個編劇，導演和主創身份的迴歸，可惜的是他製作結束後不久便離世了。導演兼動畫師，斯派克勃蘭特（Spike Brandt）被提名為安妮獎最佳角色動畫編導。短劇在 2006 年 1 月 27 日在卡通工作室電視臺重播。
qas: question: zh_tw: 斯派克・勃蘭特提名的獎項型別是什麼？
en: What type of an award was Spike Brandt nominated for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 安妮獎

question: zh_tw: 《貓和老鼠》什麼時候首次在卡通網路上播出？
en: When did Tom and Jerry debut on Cartoon network?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2006 年 1 月 27 日

context: zh_tw: 和許多 20 世紀 30 年代到 50 年代早期的動畫一樣，貓和老鼠也存在有種族歧視。例如，在爆炸之後，面部爆炸的角色會變成像黑人那樣，有著大嘴唇和像捲曲的毛髮。動畫片中被認為最有爭議的元素便是兩隻鞋太太這個角色，一個有著典型黑人口音和遭遇齧齒動物問題的貧窮黑人女僕。應該對這些惡作劇負責的約瑟夫・巴伯拉聲稱《貓和老鼠》中有關種族的惡作劇並不代表他的種族觀點；他們僅僅是在反映當時社會和動畫中共同的現象，且只是為了幽默。然而這種模式化觀念在今天則被考慮帶有種族歧視，並且這些黑臉惡作劇在播出時應被剪去。但是，2012 年 7 月 25 日《城市鄉巴鼠》在 Cartoon Network 卡通頻道卻是未刪減地被播出。兩隻鞋太太的聲音在 20 世紀 90 年代中期被 Turner 重新配音以削減這個角色聲音的模式化，之後的口音聽起來更像愛爾蘭人。尤其是名為《荒島假期》的一集，通常因為它對黑皮膚食人者的描繪，故該集的畫面被區域性放大，以避免畫面中出現食人者。如果顯示出來，食人者的對話也會被抹去，不過他們的嘴巴仍然在動。
qas: question: zh_tw: 這個動畫片描繪了哪種成見？
en: What types of stereotypes did the cartoon feature?
answers: zh_tw: text: 種族歧視
傳輸控制協議
Transmission Control Protocol

context: zh_tw: 傳輸控制協議（英語：Transmission Control Protocol，縮寫：TCP）是一種面向連線的、可靠的、基於位元組流的傳輸層通訊協議，由 IETF 的 RFC 793 定義。在簡化的計算機網路 OSI 模型中，它完成第四層傳輸層所指定的功能。使用者資料報協議（UDP）是同一層內另一個重要的傳輸協議。
en: Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is another protocol that provides reliable stream oriented services similar to TCP. It is newer and considerably more complex than TCP, and has not yet seen widespread deployment. However, it is especially designed to be used in situations where reliability and near-real-time considerations are important.
qas: question: zh_tw: 流控制傳輸協議（SCTP）提供流，就像什麼一樣？
en: SCTP provides streaming, just like what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 傳輸控制協議（英語：Transmission Control Protocol，縮寫：TCP）
en: text: TCP
哥特王朝 II
Gothic II

context: zh_tw: 哥特王朝 II 在德國贏得了一致好評，然而遊戲在北美卻收到許多批評意見。其中批評比較集中的是關於遊戲的影象，其次英文版本的翻譯以及配音也引起玩家不滿。許多評論員把矛頭直指主角 Diego 聲音的差異。遊戲在一個 RPG 主題站 RPGdot 中幾乎獲得滿分。它在其他網站如 IGN 和 Gamespot 上也得到了 8 分的高分（10 分制）。唯 GameSpy 只給了它 2 分（5 分制）。
en: While Gothic II received very high reviews in the German press, it did not fare that well in North America, where the game received "generally favorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.One of the reasons for the overall worse reviews were the graphics. The translation of the script and the voice acting in the English version were also criticized, and were felt by critics to be out of place and poorer than in the German version. Much of the voice acting criticism falls upon the change in the voice for the character Diego.Douglas L. Erickson of Computer Games Magazine called Gothic II "a role-playing experience in the truest sense." He summarized, "Rarely inconsistent, often frustrating, and always flexible, the world of Gothic II is, for lack of a more appropriate term, the most believable virtual place you can visit."Gothic II won PC Gamer US's 2003 "Best Roleplaying Game" award. The editors called it "a return to the roots of classic fantasy roleplaying on the PC" and noted its "beautifully detailed nonlinear 3D world". It was also nominated for RPG Vault's "RPG of the Year", "Outstanding Achievement in Music" and "Outstanding Achievement in Sound" awards, all of which went to Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這款遊戲在北美收到中評的主要原因是什麼？
en: What was the main reason for middling reviews of the game in North America?
answers: zh_tw: text: 影象
en: text: the graphics
LQG 控制

context: zh_tw: {\displaystyle {\dot {\mathbf {x} }}(t)=A(t)\mathbf {x} (t)+B(t)\mathbf {u} (t)+\mathbf {v} (t),}
qas: question: zh_tw: 在 () 之間的字母是什麼？
en: What letter is between the ( )?
answers: zh_tw: text: t

context: zh_tw: 在傳統 LQG 設定中，當系統維度很大時，實現 LQG 控制器會有困難。降階 LQG 問題（reduced-order LQG problem）也稱為固定階數 LQG 問題（fixed-order LQG problem）先設定了 LQG 控制的狀態數。因為分離原理已不適用，此問題會更不容易求解，而且其解也不唯一。即使如此，降階 LQG 問題已有不少的數值演演算法可以求解相關的最佳軌跡問題，其中建構了局部最佳化的降階 LQG 問題的充份及必要條件。
qas: question: zh_tw: 這一版本的分離原理為什麼更難？
en: Why is this version of seperation principle harder?
answers: zh_tw: text: 分離原理已不適用

question: zh_tw: 需要對 LQG 控制器做什麼才能克服 LQG 問題？
en: What needs to be done to the LQG controller states to overcome the LQG problem?
answers: zh_tw: text: problem）先設定了 LQG 控制的狀態數。

context: zh_tw: LQG 最佳化本身不確保有良好的強健性，需要在設計好 LQG 控制後，另外確認閉迴路系統的強健穩定性。為了提升系統的強健性，可能會將一些系統引數由確定值改假設是隨機值。相關的控制問題會更加複雜，會得到一個類似的最佳控制器，只有控制器引數不同。
qas: question: zh_tw: 假設能提升系統的強健性的系統引數是什麼？
en: What are some system parameters presumed to be to promote robustness?
answers: zh_tw: text: 隨機值
磯鷸
Common sandpiper

context: zh_tw: 體長 20cm，喙短，性活躍，翼不及尾。上體褐色，飛羽近黑；下體白，胸側具褐灰色斑塊。特徵為飛行時翼上具白色橫紋，腰無白色，外側尾羽無白色橫斑。翼下具黑色及白色橫紋。 虹膜－褐色；喙－深灰；腳－淺橄欖綠；叫聲－細而高的管笛音 twee-wee-wee-wee。
en: The adult is 18–20 cm (7.1–7.9 in) long with a 32–35 cm (13–14 in) wingspan. It has greyish-brown upperparts, white underparts, short dark-yellowish legs and feet, and a bill with a pale base and dark tip. In winter plumage, they are duller and have more conspicuous barring on the wings, though this is still only visible at close range. Juveniles are more heavily barred above and have buff edges to the wing feathers.This species is very similar to the slightly larger spotted sandpiper (A. macularia) in non-breeding plumage. But its darker legs and feet and the crisper wing pattern (visible in flight) tend to give it away, and of course they are only rarely found in the same location.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這隻鷸的下體是什麼顏色的？
en: What is the color of underparts of this sandpiper?
answers: zh_tw: text: 白色
en: text: white
安娜貝爾 (電影)

context: zh_tw: 1967 年，居住在美國加州聖莫妮卡的醫生約翰・佛姆，跟他有孕在身的妻子蜜雅期待著孩子出生，約翰送給蜜雅一個復古式的瓷制娃娃作為禮物，蜜雅也將其放在她育兒室的玩偶收藏系列中。當晚，約翰和蜜雅隔壁的鄰居希金斯夫婦慘遭一對男女入室殺害，約翰和蜜雅被吵鬧聲驚醒後馬上報警，但兩名殺手卻也入侵他們家中，蜜雅因此被刺傷。警察趕來擊斃行兇男子，女子在被逮捕前就躲進育兒室中割喉自盡，其手裡還抱著蜜雅當天得到的娃娃。警方調查後得知行兇女子為與希金斯夫婦疏遠的養女安娜貝爾，而男子則是她的男友，兩者均是邪教「公羊門徒」（Disciples of the Ram）的成員。
qas: question: zh_tw: 女殺手做了什麼？
en: What did the female killer commit?
answers: zh_tw: text: 自盡

context: zh_tw: 2014 年 1 月 27 日，影片於柯汶納書店開始主體拍攝。2014 年 2 月 25 日，劇組繼續在洛杉磯縣南諾曼底大街一座公寓進行拍攝，55 人的劇組在那裡拍了幾天。
qas: question: zh_tw: 劇組有多少人？
en: How many people were in the crew?
answers: zh_tw: text: 55 人
Victory 巡迴演唱會
Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour)

context: zh_tw: Victory 巡迴演唱會（英文：Victory Tour），1984 年舉行，演出地點包括美國和加拿大，是傑克遜五人組最後一次巡迴演唱會。1984 年 7 月 6 日開始，同年 12 月 9 日結束，共 55 場演出和約 200 萬名觀眾入場觀看。該巡演的名稱來源於傑克遜五人組新發行的專輯 Victory，此專輯的所有歌曲都在此次巡演上表演。此次巡演總收入達 17,500,000 美元，破了當時大型巡演的記錄
en: The Victory Tour was a concert tour of the United States and Canada by The Jacksons between July and December 1984. It was the only tour with all six Jackson brothers, even though Jackie was injured for most of it. The group performed 55 concerts to an audience of approximately 2 million. Most came to see Michael, whose album Thriller had been dominating the popular music world at the time. Many consider it to be his Thriller tour, with most of the songs on the set list coming from his Off the Wall and Thriller albums. The tour reportedly grossed approximately $75 million ($181 million in 2018 dollars) and set a new record for the highest-grossing tour. It showcased Michael's single decorated glove, black sequined jacket and moonwalk.
qas: question: zh_tw: 傑克遜的 Victory 巡迴演唱會是什麼時候舉行的？
en: When did the victory tour by the Jackson took place?
answers: zh_tw: text: Victory 巡迴演唱會（英文：Victory Tour），1984 年舉行，
en: text: July and December 1984
凜冬將至
Winter Is Coming

context: zh_tw: 流亡的王子韋賽里斯・坦格利安謀劃推翻羅伯特國王，奪回他父親的王位。為了實現這個計劃，他將他妹妹丹妮莉絲・坦格利安嫁給生活在潘託斯大陸上的多斯拉克人首領卓戈。丹妮莉絲・坦格利安表示害怕蠻族人首領，但韋賽里斯・坦格利安仍然堅持這樁婚姻。在婚禮上，丹妮莉絲・坦格利安收到兩份禮物。一份是流亡騎士喬拉・莫爾蒙送的關於七國的書，另一份是撮合這樁婚姻的伊利里歐・摩帕提斯送的三枚受精龍蛋。
en: Exiled prince Viserys Targaryen plots to reclaim his father's throne from King Robert Baratheon, and brokers a marriage between his sister Daenerys and Dothraki warlord Khal Drogo. As wedding gifts, Daenerys is given books of the Seven Kingdoms from Ser Jorah Mormont, an exiled knight loyal to the Targaryens, and three petrified dragon eggs from Magister Illyrio Mopatis, who helped arrange the marriage.
qas: question: zh_tw: Daenerys 收到了來自 Jorah 的什麼結婚禮物？
en: what was Daenerys given as a wedding gift from Jorah?
answers: zh_tw: text: 關於七國的書
en: text: books of the Seven Kingdoms

question: zh_tw: 誰促成丹妮莉絲嫁給卓戈・卡奧？
en: Who made Daenerys marry Khal Drogo?
answers: zh_tw: text: 韋賽里斯・坦格利安
en: text: Viserys Targaryen
雷莫・魯菲尼
Remo Ruffini

context: zh_tw: 雷蒙・魯菲尼，1942 年出生在法國。自 1978 年成為義大利羅馬大學理論物理學教授。 他是國際相對論天物理中心所長，發起由幾所大學和研究所共同組織的國際相對論天物理博士學位課程，他兼任 Erasmus Mundus IRAP 博士學位委員會主席，致力於培養理論天體物理學家。此外，他創立由幾個國家參與的國際相對論天體物理合作中心。
en: Remo Ruffini (born May 17, 1942, La Brigue, Alpes-Maritimes, at that time, Briga Marittima, Italy). He is Director of ICRANet, International Centre for Relativistic Astrophysics Network. Moreover, he is President of the International Centre for Relativistic Astrophysics (ICRA); he initiated the International Relativistic Astrophysics PhD (IRAP PhD), a common graduate school program of several universities and research institutes for the education of theoretical astrophysicists. He is Director of the Erasmus Mundus IRAP PhD program (IRAP Ph D Erasmus Mundus). He has been Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Rome "Sapienza" from 1978 to 2012.
qas: question: zh_tw: IRAP 是一個研究生院課程，研究什麼領域？
en: The IRAP is a grad school program in what field of study?
answers: zh_tw: text: 天體物理學
en: text: theoretical astrophysicists
加拿大

context: zh_tw: 加拿大軍隊參與許多重要戰役，其中包括迪耶普戰役、入侵義大利、諾曼底戰役、霸王行動和斯海爾德河戰役。在荷蘭被德國佔領期間，加拿大為流亡的荷蘭王室提供庇護，之後加拿大更把荷蘭從納粹德國解放出來。二戰期間，加拿大為該國軍隊以及英國、中華民國和蘇聯製造許多軍事裝備，使加拿大經濟飛速發展。儘管在 1944 年魁北克再次爆發徵兵危機，但在戰後加拿大成為一個強大的經濟體並擁有一支龐大的軍隊。
qas: question: zh_tw: 加拿大在哪一年有徵兵危機？
en: What year was there a Conscription Crisis in Canada?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1944 年

context: zh_tw: 自上一次冰期開始，加拿大境內有多達八種不同型別的森林，其中包括佈滿整個加拿大盾地的針葉林。與美國共有的蘇必利爾湖是世界上第一大淡水湖（以面積計算），約 82,100 平方公里（31,700 平方英里），而在該國境內有大量淡水資源。同時在洛磯山脈和海岸山脈也有淡水以冰川的狀態儲存在那些山脈。加拿大的地質活動相當活躍，有著頻繁的地震以及許多活火山。1775 年發生在不列顛哥倫比亞省北部的思艾克斯火山爆發是加國曆史上最嚴重的一場自然災害，造成大約 2000 尼斯加人遇難並摧毀他們在納斯河谷的村莊。火山爆發帶來約 22.5 公里（14.0 英里）的岩漿流，而根據尼斯加人的傳說，那些岩漿甚至堵塞納斯河。加拿大的人口密度為每平方公里 3.41 人（每平方英里 8.83 人），是全世界人口密度最低的國家之一。而人口最密集的區域為魁北克市 - 溫莎走廊，位於魁北克省南部和南安大略並分佈在聖勞倫斯河和五大湖沿岸。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一年加拿大最嚴重的一場火山爆發，造成至少 2000 人遇難？
en: What year did Canada have a devastation volcanic eruption which killed at least 2,000 people?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1775 年

context: zh_tw: 加拿大是在發達國家中極少數的能源出口國之一。在大西洋省份的離岸區域儲藏著豐富的天然氣資源，而在艾伯塔省也儲藏著大量石油及天然氣資源，當地的阿薩巴斯卡油田的巨大儲量使加拿大擁有著全球約 13% 的石油儲備，成為世界上第三大的石油儲備國，僅次於委內瑞拉以及沙烏地阿拉伯。加拿大是世界上其中一個最大的農產品出口國及礦產資源大國，它的大草原是世界上最重要的小麥，油菜以及其他穀物的產地之一，而除了是鋅和鈾的主要出產國之外，它還大量出口金、鎳、鋁、鋼材、鐵礦石、焦炭及鉛等礦產。許多氣候惡劣的北部城市正是靠著附近的礦產和木材資源維持生計。在南部，特別是安大略省以及魁北克省兩省的南部，製造業十分發達，汽車與飛行器製造業是當地兩大重要產業。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪兩國對世界的石油供應比加拿大多？
en: What two countries have more of the world's oil supply than Canada?
answers: zh_tw: text: 委內瑞拉以及沙烏地阿拉伯

context: zh_tw: 自第二次世界大戰以後，加拿大與美國的經濟聯絡愈來愈緊密。在 1965 年簽署的美加汽車產品貿易協定打通兩國之間的汽車製造工業的貿易邊境。在 20 世紀 70 年代，能源危機爆發以及擔心外資掌控著國家的製造業，促使總理皮埃爾・特魯多的自由黨政府制訂國家能源計劃和外國人投資審查機構。但在 20 世紀 80 年代，進步保守黨總理馬丁・布賴恩・馬爾羅尼廢除國家能源計劃並將後者改名為加拿大投資，以鼓勵外資到加拿大進行投資。1988 年，加拿大與美國簽署的美加自由貿易協定消除兩國之間的關稅，而於 1994 年美加自由貿易協定擴充套件為北美自由貿易協定，將自由貿易區擴充套件至墨西哥。在 90 年代中期，自由黨總理讓・克雷蒂安開始緊縮開支，逐步還清國家債務。
qas: question: zh_tw: 關稅在哪一年取消？
en: what year were tariffs eliminated?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1988

context: zh_tw: 加拿大的教育是由各省和地區分開負責。5 至 7 歲到 16 至 18 歲都是加拿大的強制入學年齡，使其有約 99％的成人識字率。截至 2011 年，在 25 至 64 歲的成年人中有約 88% 的人已獲得高中學歷，相比於經濟合作與發展組織的平均水平（74%）高。2002 年，在 25 至 64 歲的加拿大人中有約 43% 的人擁有大專學歷，而在 25 至 34 歲的人中有約 51% 的人擁有大專學歷。根據全國廣播公司在 2012 年的報告，加拿大是世界上教育程度最高的國家。國際學生能力評估計劃顯示加拿大學生的水準遠高於經濟合作與發展組織的平均水平，特別是在數學，科學和閱讀範疇。
qas: question: zh_tw: 強制入學年齡是多少？
en: What are the mandatory school ages?
answers: zh_tw: text: 5 至 7 歲到 16 至 18 歲

context: zh_tw: 有一些省份並沒有明確的官方語言，但是在那些省份的教育機構，法庭及其它政府機構主要會使用英語和法語。馬尼托巴，安大略和魁北克允許使用英語或法語在立法機關進行發言和頒佈法律，而在安大略，法語擁有部分官方語言地位，但不及英語。在加拿大境內有 11 類第一語言，而那些語言更可被細分為超過 65 種語言和方言。其中只有克里語，因紐特語和奧傑布瓦語有大量流利使用的人口，也只有這三門語言被認為即使在長時間內也不會消失。在西北地區有多種原住民語言有著官方語言的地位。而因紐特語是努納武特最常用的語言，並是當地三種官方語言之一。
qas: question: zh_tw: 有多少類語言算本地語？
en: How many language groups are counted as indigenous?
answers: zh_tw: text: 11
東所羅門海戰
Battle of the Eastern Solomons

context: zh_tw: 東所羅門海戰也稱為斯圖爾特島戰役，在日本方面，稱為第二次所羅門海戰（第二次ソロモン海戦），發生在 1942 年 8 月 24 日 —1942 年 8 月 25 日，亦是第二次世界大戰太平洋戰爭中第 3 次航母戰役和瓜達爾卡納爾島戰役期間美國海軍與日本帝國海軍之間的第 2 大戰鬥。自從珊瑚海戰役和中途島戰役以來，雙方的艦艇即未曾在目視距離內交戰。反之，雙方所有的攻擊均是由艦載機或陸基飛機實施。
en: The naval Battle of the Eastern Solomons (also known as the Battle of the Stewart Islands and, in Japanese sources, as the Second Battle of the Solomon Sea) took place on 24–25 August 1942, and was the third carrier battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II and the second major engagement fought between the United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Guadalcanal Campaign. As at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway, the ships of the two adversaries were never within sight of each other. Instead, all attacks were carried out by carrier-based or land-based aircraft.
qas: question: zh_tw: 美國海軍和日本海軍隔多久會見到對方？
en: How often were the US navy and the Japenese navy in sight of each other?
answers: zh_tw: text: 未曾
en: text: never
螢火蟲號驅逐艦
HMS Glowworm (H92)

context: zh_tw: 當巡洋艦從煙幕中出現時，這兩艘軍艦非常接近，海耶下令向右急轉以縮短距離，也許是要衝撞驅逐艦。但轉舵的響應緩慢，螢火蟲號撞擊到巡洋艦的錨後方。撞擊折斷了螢火蟲號的船頭，船體的剩餘部分擦過巡洋艦舷側，在船體上開啟一系列破洞，摧毀了右舷前部的魚雷發射管，一名德國水兵被撞擊丟擲舷外。巡洋艦在堵住破口前大約進水 500 噸（490 長噸），但沒有嚴重受損。螢火蟲號漂開後起火，10:24 鍋爐爆炸，109 名艦員隨艦陣亡。希佩爾海軍上將號停下來救援她的艦員和螢火蟲號的倖存者。那名德國水兵未被發現，而 40 名英國水兵被救起，但後來又至少有 6 人因傷死亡，海軍上尉拉姆齊（Ramsay）是被救起的最高階軍官，他對德國人表示，撞擊時舵和應急舵都不在控制之下，因此驅逐艦轉向巡洋艦可能是偶然的。德國報告中只提及螢火蟲號發射了四枚魚雷，但英國報告說所有八枚魚雷都被髮射出去了。撞擊後拍攝的攝影資料顯示她的魚雷發射管全部空著證明了這一點。螢火蟲號的指揮官魯普少校，在被巡洋艦舷側的繩索拉起時不能再吊在上面，因而溺水身亡，被追授維多利亞十字勳章，從而成為該勳章在二戰中的第一個獲得者。這個授獎是合理的，多少也是因為海耶的推薦，他透過紅十字會寫信給英國方面，陳述了魯普在近戰中面對強大得多的敵艦時所展現的勇敢精神。拉姆齊上尉也被授予了傑出服務勳章，這兩個獎勵於戰後授予。
en: At 10:10, Lieutenant Commander Gerard Broadmead Roope fired five torpedoes from one mounting at a range of 800 metres (870 yd), but all missed because Captain Hellmuth Heye had kept Hipper's bow pointed at Glowworm throughout the battle to minimize his risk from torpedoes. The destroyer fell back through her smoke screen to buy time to get her second torpedo mount working, but Heye followed Glowworm through the smoke to finish her off before she could fire the rest of her torpedoes. The two ships were very close when Hipper emerged from the smoke and Roope ordered a hard turn to starboard to reduce the range and possibly ram the cruiser. Hipper was slow to answer her helm and Glowworm struck the cruiser just abaft the anchor. The collision broke off Glowworm's bow and the rest of the ship scraped along Hipper's side, gouging open several holes in the latter's hull and destroying her forward starboard torpedo mounting. One German sailor was knocked overboard by the collision. Hipper took on some 500 tonnes (490 long tons) of water before the leaks could be isolated, but was not seriously damaged. Glowworm was on fire when she drifted clear and her boilers exploded at 10:24, taking 109 of her crew with her.Admiral Hipper hove to in order to rescue her man overboard and Glowworm's survivors. The German sailor was not found, but 40 British sailors were recovered, although at least six later died of their wounds. Lieutenant Ramsay, the senior surviving officer, told his rescuers that neither the helm nor the emergency rudder were manned when the ships collided so the destroyer's turn towards Hipper was probably accidental. German accounts only mention four torpedoes fired by Glowworm, but British accounts say all ten were fired. This was confirmed by photographic evidence taken after the collision showing all of her torpedo tubes empty.Roope, who drowned when he could no longer hang on to a rope whilst being pulled up the side of the cruiser, was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross, thus becoming the first VC recipient of the Second World War. The award was justified, in part, by the recommendation of Heye, who wrote to the British authorities via the Red Cross, giving a statement of the valiant courage Roope had shown when engaging a much superior ship in close battle. Ramsay was also awarded the DSO. Both awards were made after the end of the war.
qas: question: zh_tw: 根據德國人發射了多少枚魚雷？
en: How many torpedoes were fired according to the Germans?
answers: zh_tw: text: 四
en: text: four
斯洛伐克

context: zh_tw: 內閣負責人是總理，擁有最高的行政權，一般為議會中最大黨或最大的政治聯盟的黨魁，由總統任命。內閣的其他成員由總理提名，總統任命。
qas: question: zh_tw: 大部分行政權力落在哪裡？
en: Where does most of the executive power lie?
answers: zh_tw: text: 總理

context: zh_tw: 斯洛伐克成功地完成了從計劃經濟到自由市場經濟的改革。祖林達政府在 2001 年起為穩定總體經濟而進行結構改革。主要的企業私有化過程已經完成，幾乎整個金融界現在在外資掌握下，外資投資不斷擴大。儘管其主要出口市場於 2000 年後經濟蕭條，但斯洛伐克的經濟發展超過預計。
qas: question: zh_tw: 斯洛伐克成功改革成什麼？
en: What did Slovakia successfully transform into?
answers: zh_tw: text: 自由市場經濟
馬氏規則
Markovnikov's rule

context: zh_tw: 馬氏規則的原因是親電加成反應中生成了較為穩定的碳正離子。加上一個 H + 的碳原子會使其他碳原子上引入一個正電荷，形成一個碳正離子。由於誘導效應和超共軛效應，取代基（碳上連線的碳或給電子基團）越多的碳正離子越穩定。而加成反應的主要產物會由一個更加穩定的中間體產生。所以烯烴加溴化氫時，溴化氫中的氫總是加在連氫最多的碳上，而鹵素基團加在連氫最少的碳上。然而，其它比較不穩定的碳正離子仍然存在，透過它們生成的產物是不符合馬氏規則的，通常是反應的副產物。
en: The chemical basis for Markovnikov's Rule is the formation of the most stable carbocation during the addition process. The addition of the hydrogen ion to one carbon atom in the alkene creates a positive charge on the other carbon, forming a carbocation intermediate. The more substituted the carbocation, the more stable it is, due to induction and hyperconjugation. The major product of the addition reaction will be the one formed from the more stable intermediate. Therefore, the major product of the addition of HX (where X is some atom more electronegative than H) to an alkene has the hydrogen atom in the less substituted position and X in the more substituted position. But the other less substituted, less stable carbocation will still be formed at some concentration, and will proceed to be the minor product with the opposite, conjugate attachment of X.
qas: question: zh_tw: 如果碳酸化取代更多，會發生什麼？
en: What happens if the carbonation is more substiuted?
answers: zh_tw: text: 更加穩定
en: text: more stable it is
送行者：禮儀師的樂章

context: zh_tw: 隨著時間的推移，大悟逐漸適應並接受了自己的職業；他獨立完成了多份工作，死者家屬也深為感激，但在社會層面上他仍然受到排斥。美香發現一張丈夫在其中扮演屍體的入殮教學 DVD，於是要求大悟放棄這份工作；在遭到拒絕後，她離開酒田返回了東京的孃家。豔子的兒子，老同學山下（杉本哲太飾）也堅持要求大悟另找份更體面的差事，否則不希望他和自己家人來往。
qas: question: zh_tw: 扮演山下的演員是誰？
en: Who is the actor that plays Yamashita?
answers: zh_tw: text: 杉本哲太

context: zh_tw: 1972 年以前，大部分人過世後都是由家人、殯儀館，或是納棺師處理。到了 2014 年，約 80% 的日本人是在醫院死亡，對屍體的處理工作也就大部分都是由醫院工作人員完成，這類情況下家人通常要到葬禮時才看到屍體。1998 年進行的一項調查發現，日本有 29.5% 的人口相信來生，還有另外 40% 願意相信，並且又以年輕人相信的比例最高。有 54% 的人口相信存在靈魂，另外，相信在世的人和往生者各自的世界存在某種形式聯絡的人口也高達 64.9%。
qas: question: zh_tw: 在 1998 年，日本有多少人相信來生？
en: How many people in Japan believed in the afterlife in 1998?
answers: zh_tw: text: 29.5%
紐約省
Province of New York

context: zh_tw: 紐約省（英語：Province of New York）是一個英格蘭（後為大不列顛）在北美的直轄殖民地，包括美國現在的紐約州、新澤西州、特拉華州和佛蒙特州，以及康涅狄格州、馬薩諸塞州和緬因州的一部分和東賓夕法尼亞州。這一片土地的大部分很快就由國王重新分封，只留下了哈德遜河和莫華克河河谷部分以及佛蒙特地區。紐約省西部實際是北美原住民易洛魁聯盟的屬地，另外也與新法蘭西以及賓夕法尼亞省存在領土爭議。東部的佛蒙特地區則與新罕布什爾省有轄區糾紛。
en: When the English arrived, the colony somewhat vaguely included claims to all of the present U.S. states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Vermont, along with inland portions of Connecticut, Massachusetts and Maine in addition to eastern Pennsylvania. Much of this land was soon reassigned by the crown, leaving the territory of the modern State of New York, including the valleys of the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, and future Vermont. The territory of western New York was disputed with the Iroquois Indian nation, and also disputed between the English and the French from their northern colonial province of New France (modern eastern Canada). Vermont was disputed with the Province of New Hampshire to the east.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個區域有爭議？
en: Which area was being disputed over?
answers: zh_tw: text: 紐約省西部
en: text: territory of western New York
東京體育場
Ajinomoto Stadium

context: zh_tw: 東京體育場（東京スタジアム，Tokyo Stadium）是位於日本東京都調布市的多功能體育場，由東京都廳聯合京王電鐵、瑞穗銀行共同出資的第三部門單位「株式會社東京體育場」經營。該體育場自 2003 年 3 月 1 日起由味之素取得冠名權（已取得 4 期，現行為 2019 年 3 月 1 日起的 5 年間），故又稱為味之素體育場（味の素スタジアム，Ajinomoto Stadium），是日本第一座匯入冠名制度的體育場。
en: Ajinomoto Stadium (味の素スタジアム, Ajinomoto Sutajiamu, also known as Tokyo Stadium in AFC Champions League) is a multi-purpose stadium in Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan. The stadium was founded at Kantō Mura, the redevelopment area formerly used by United States Forces Japan, in March 2001. It was the first stadium in Japan that offered its naming rights, which were sold to Ajinomoto Co., Inc. with a 5-year 1.2 billion yen (about 10 million U.S. dollars) contract, from March 2003 to February 2008. As a result, it was named Ajinomoto Stadium (味の素スタジアム, Ajinomoto Sutajiamu). This contract was renewed in November 2007 and extended by 6 years for 1.4 billion yen to February 2014, and in October 2013, the second renewal of the contract extended the term to February 2019.
qas: question: zh_tw: 味之素體育場在哪裡？
en: Where is Ajinomoto Stadium?
answers: zh_tw: text: 日本東京都調布市
en: text: Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan
始新世

context: zh_tw: 大量的現代哺乳動物化石最早出現於始新世早期。在始新世開始之初，一些新哺乳動物群到達北美。這些原始的哺乳動物，如偶蹄類動物，奇蹄類動物和靈長類動物，特徵是細長的四肢，有抓取物體的能力，可以透過鑑別牙齒來區分牠們的食性。小型化是主要發展趨勢，始新世所有新產生的哺乳類動物都是小型的，重量輕於 10 千克；且基於牙齒尺寸的關係，始新世的哺乳動物的體型只有原始的古新世哺乳動物的百分之六十。它們的體型也比其後的哺乳類動物小。人們認為始新世時期較高的溫度比較適宜小型哺乳類動物的生存，因為較之大型哺乳類動物，小型哺乳類動物更容易解決散熱的問題。
qas: question: zh_tw: 現代哺乳動物看起來有什麼樣的四肢？
en: What type of legs do modern mammal appear to have had?
answers: zh_tw: text: 細長的四肢

context: zh_tw: 氣候變冷亦導致了季節變化的出現。落葉樹種能夠更好的適應劇烈的溫度變化，於是比之常綠樹種，開始佔有優勢。在始新世末期，落葉林覆蓋了北方大陸的大片區域，包括北美洲、歐亞大陸和北極地區；雨林則只分布在了赤道和近赤道的南美洲、非洲、印度次大陸和澳大利亞。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一種樹能更好的適應溫度的劇烈變化？
en: What type of tree can cope better with large changes in temperature?
answers: zh_tw: text: 落葉樹
帕薩爾加德
Pasargadae

context: zh_tw: 帕薩爾加德最重要的遺蹟是居魯士二世的陵墓，外側總共有 6 階寬闊的階梯，墓室長 3.17 公尺、寬 2.11 公尺、高 2.11 公尺，並且有一個低而狹窄的入口。雖然沒有明確的證據證明這是居魯士二世的陵墓，不過根據希臘歷史學家的紀錄，亞歷山大大帝將它視為是居魯士二世的陵墓。亞歷山大大帝劫掠與破壞了波斯波利斯，並曾造訪這座陵墓。在阿利安的著作中，紀錄亞歷山大大帝曾經命令一位士兵進入這座陵墓，並發現一具黃金打造的床鋪、一張擺著器具的桌子、一具黃金棺材、一些用珍貴珠寶裝飾的擺飾與陵墓的銘文，不過這些銘文並沒有儲存到現在。
en: The most important monument in Pasargadae is the tomb of Cyrus the Great. It has six broad steps leading to the sepulchre, the chamber of which measures 3.17 m long by 2.11 m wide by 2.11 m high and has a low and narrow entrance.  Though there is no firm evidence identifying the tomb as that of Cyrus, Greek historians say that Alexander believed it was.  When Alexander looted and destroyed Persepolis, he paid a visit to the tomb of Cyrus. Arrian, writing in the second century AD, recorded that Alexander commanded Aristobulus, one of his warriors, to enter the monument.  Inside he found a golden bed, a table set with drinking vessels, a gold coffin, some ornaments studded with precious stones and an inscription on the tomb. No trace of any such inscription survives, and there is considerable disagreement to the exact wording of the text. Strabo reports that it read:
qas: question: zh_tw: 居魯士陵墓通向墳墓的階梯有多少階？
en: How many steps of the tomb of Cyrus the Great lead to the sepulchre?
answers: zh_tw: text: 6
en: text: six
馬醫
The King's Doctor

context: zh_tw: 根據朝鮮歷史上著名大夫白光炫（曹承佑飾）的生平故事改編，講述身份卑賤的獸醫憑藉天賦和付出努力成為正式大夫，最終以出眾醫術成為宮廷御醫的故事。
en: The life of a Joseon-era low-class veterinarian specializing in the treatment of horses, who rises to become the royal physician in charge of the King's health.
qas: question: zh_tw: 討論的是什麼階層？
en: What class was discussed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 卑賤
en: text: low-class
病毒

context: zh_tw: 關於病毒所導致的疾病，早在公元前 2－3 世紀的印度和中國就有了關於天花的記錄。但直到 19 世紀末，病毒才開始逐漸得以發現和鑑定。1884 年，法國微生物學家查理斯・尚柏朗發明了一種細菌無法濾過的過濾器（尚柏朗過濾器，其濾孔孔徑小於細菌的大小），他利用這一過濾器就可以將液體中存在的細菌除去。 1892 年，俄國生物學家德米特里・伊凡諾夫斯基在研究菸草花葉病時發現，將感染了花葉病的菸草葉的提取液用燭形濾器過濾後，依然能夠感染其他菸草。於是他提出這種感染性物質可能是細菌所分泌的一種毒素，但他並未深入研究下去。當時，人們認為所有的感染性物質都能夠藉由過濾除去並且能夠在培養基中生長，這也是疾病的細菌理論（germ theory）的一部分。 1899 年，荷蘭微生物學家馬丁烏斯・貝傑林克重複了伊凡諾夫斯基的實驗，並相信這是一種新的感染性物質。他還觀察到這種病原只在分裂細胞中複製，由於他的實驗沒有顯示這種病原的顆粒形態，因此他稱之為 contagium vivum fluidum（可溶的活菌）並進一步命名為 virus（病毒）。貝傑林克認為病毒是以液態形式存在的（但這一看法後來由溫德爾・梅雷迪思・斯坦利推翻，他證明了病毒是顆粒狀的）。同樣在 1899 年，弗雷德里希・勒夫勒（Friedrich Loeffler）和保羅・弗羅施（Paul Frosch）發現患口蹄疫動物淋巴液中含有能透過濾器的感染性物質，由於經過了高度的稀釋，排除了其為毒素的可能性；他們推論這種感染性物質能夠自我複製。20 世紀早期，英國細菌學家弗雷德裡克・圖爾特發現了可以感染細菌的病毒，並稱之為噬菌體。隨後法裔加拿大微生物學家費里斯・代列爾（Félix d'Herelle）描述了噬菌體的特性：將其加入長滿細菌的瓊脂固體培養基上，一段時間後會出現由於細菌死亡而留下的空斑。高濃度的病毒懸液會使培養基上的細菌全部死亡，但透過精確的稀釋，可以產生可辨認的空斑。透過計算空斑的數量，再乘以稀釋倍數就可以得出溶液中病毒的個數。他們的工作揭開了現代病毒學研究的序幕。
qas: question: zh_tw: 證明貝傑林克錯了的人叫什麼名字？
en: What was the name of the person who proved Beijerinck wrong?
answers: zh_tw: text: （但這一看法後來由溫德爾・梅雷迪思・斯坦利推翻，他證明了病毒是顆粒狀的）

context: zh_tw: 一些病毒能夠引起慢性感染，可以在機體內不斷複製而不受宿主防禦系統的影響。這類病毒包括乙肝病毒和丙型肝炎病毒。受到慢性感染的人群即是病毒攜帶者，因為他們相當於儲存了保持感染性的病毒。當人群中有較高比例的攜帶者時，這一疾病就可以發展為流行病。
qas: question: zh_tw: 人類常見的肝炎病毒有哪些？
en: What are the common hepatitis virus strains in humans?
answers: zh_tw: text: 乙肝病毒和丙型肝炎病毒

context: zh_tw: 美洲原住民的人口曾經由於歐洲殖民者帶來的傳染性疾病，特別是天花的蔓延而大量減少。沒有詳細的資料顯示在哥倫布到達美洲之後有多少原住民死於外來的疾病，但估計接近總人口的 70%。這一破壞性影響很大程度上幫助了歐洲殖民者對原住民進行驅趕和征服。這在當時對美洲原住民帶來了極大的恐懼。瘟疫是世界範圍內的流行病。1918 年的流感大爆發，即通常所說的西班牙流感，就是一種級別最高（第五級）的大規模流行病，是由一種特殊的嚴重致死性流感 A 型病毒；這一流感的感染者通常是健康的青壯年，而其他大多數流感則多發生在青少年、老人或體弱多病者中。西班牙流感持續時間從 1918 年到 1919 年，過去估計死亡人數在 4 千萬到 5 千萬人，而最新的研究結果顯示這一瘟疫可能導致一億人死亡，死亡人口占 1918 年全球總人口的 5%。
qas: question: zh_tw: 用以表述國際大規模病毒感染爆發的術語是什麼？
en: What is the term used for international widespread outbreaks of viral infections?
answers: zh_tw: text: 流行病

context: zh_tw: 多數研究者相信艾滋病來源於二十世紀的撒哈拉以南非洲地區；現在，艾滋病已經發展成為瘟疫，全球大約有 3.86 千萬人感染了艾滋病。聯合國艾滋病規劃署（UNAIDS）和世界衛生組織（WHO）估計自 1981 年 6 月 5 日發現首個病例至今，已有超過兩千五百萬人死於艾滋病，這使得艾滋病成為有史以來最具傷害性的瘟疫之一。 2007 年全年總共有 2.7 百萬新的艾滋病感染者和 2 百萬艾滋病相關的死亡案例。數種高致死性病毒菌株是絲狀病毒科成員。絲狀病毒是一類纖維狀的病毒，可以引起病毒性出血熱，其成員包括埃博拉病毒和馬爾堡病毒。馬爾堡病毒引起全世界的廣泛注意是在 2005 年 4 月，安哥拉發生的一次疾病爆發。這次爆發從 2004 年 10 月一直持續到 2005 年。伊波拉出血熱則首度出現於 1976 年，後造成間歇性爆發及高致死率。最近且最嚴重的一次爆發，為西非伊波拉病毒疫症。
qas: question: zh_tw: 絲狀病毒會引起什麼症狀？
en: What does Filoviruses cause?
answers: zh_tw: text: 病毒性出血熱

context: zh_tw: 植物病毒的種類繁多，能夠影響受感染植物的生長和繁殖。植物病毒的傳播常常是由稱為 “載體” 的生物來完成。這些載體一般為昆蟲，也有部分情況下為真菌、線蟲動物以及一些單細胞生物。控制針對植物的病毒感染，通常是採用消滅載體生物以及除去其他可能的病毒宿主，如雜草。對於人類及其他動物來說，植物病毒是無害的，因為它們只能夠在活的植物細胞內進行復制。植物具備精巧而有效的防禦機制來抵抗病毒感染。其中，最為有效的機制是 “抵抗基因”（R 基因）。每個 R 基因能夠抵抗一種特定病毒，主要是透過觸發受感染細胞的附近細胞的死亡而產生肉眼可見的空點，從而阻止感染的擴散。植物中的 RNA 干擾也是一種有效的防禦機制。當受到感染，植物常常就能夠產生天然消毒劑（如水楊酸、一氧化氮和活性氧分子）來殺滅病毒。
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼樣的蠕蟲是載體？
en: What kind of worms are vectors?
answers: zh_tw: text: 線蟲
古菌

context: zh_tw: 古菌和原核生物的分類一般是一個快速發展並充滿爭議的領域。現行的分類體系旨在將古菌組織成具有共同結構特徵和共同祖先的生物群。這些分類很大程度上依賴於使用核糖體 RNA 基因序列來揭示生物之間的關係（分子系統發生學）。目前大部分可純化培養的並研究清楚的古菌都可以劃為兩個主要的門：泉古菌門和廣古菌門。其它的門類還在初步創立階段，比如 2002 年由 Karl Stetter 發現的奇特的物種騎行納古菌而建立的納古菌門。還有 1994 年 Barns 等建議建立的一個新門初古菌門包括一小群不尋常的嗜熱品種，但這個門與泉古菌門演化關係密切。其它最近探別出來的古菌與已知古菌門類關係較遠，如 2006 年發現的環境樣品 ARMAN。ARMAN 是已知的生命體中最小的生命體。一個超門（superphylum）分類 - TACK，已經被提出，包括奇古菌門，曙古菌門，泉古菌門和初古菌門。這個超門可能與真核生物的起源有關。最近，分類 Asgard 超門名稱被命名，並被提議與真核生物的起源和一個 TACK 姊妹組織更緊密相關。
qas: question: zh_tw: 兩個主要的門是什麼？
en: What are the main two phyla?
answers: zh_tw: text: 泉古菌門和廣古菌門

context: zh_tw: 嗜鹽類的古菌，生活在高含鹽量的環境中，例如鹽湖，鹽度比嗜鹽細菌可以生活的 20-25% 要高。嗜熱古菌適合生長在超過 45 °C（113 °F）的溫度，例如熱泉中，超嗜熱古菌在溫度超過 80 °C（176 °F）時生長的最好。古菌 Methanopyrus kandleri 的 116 菌種甚至 122 °C（252 °F）繁殖，是生物中最高的記錄。
qas: question: zh_tw: 在多少攝氏度，這種生物體才能夠繁殖？
en: At what temperature represented in the metric system can this organism reproduce?
answers: zh_tw: text: kandleri 的 116 菌種甚至 122 °C（252 °F）繁殖，是生物中最高的記錄。
分散式雜湊表
Distributed hash table

context: zh_tw: 分散式雜湊表（英語：distributed hash table，縮寫 DHT）是分散式計算系統中的一類，用來將一個關鍵值（key）的集合分散到所有在分散式系統中的節點，並且可以有效地將訊息轉送到唯一一個擁有查詢者提供的關鍵值的節點（Peers）。這裡的節點類似雜湊表中的儲存位置。分散式雜湊表通常是為了擁有極大節點數量的系統，而且在系統的節點常常會加入或離開（例如網路斷線）而設計的。在一個結構性的延展網路（overlay network）中，參加的節點需要與系統中一小部份的節點溝通，這也需要使用分散式雜湊表。分散式雜湊表可以用以建立更復雜的服務，例如分散式檔案系統、點對點技術檔案分享系統、合作的網頁快取、多播、任播、網域名稱系統以及即時通訊等。
en: DHTs form an infrastructure that can be used to build more complex services, such as anycast, cooperative Web caching, distributed file systems, domain name services, instant messaging, multicast, and also peer-to-peer file sharing and content distribution systems. Notable distributed networks that use DHTs include BitTorrent's distributed tracker, the Coral Content Distribution Network, the Kad network, the Storm botnet, the Tox instant messenger, Freenet, the YaCy search engine, and the InterPlanetary File System.
qas: question: zh_tw: DHT 可以用來構建哪種服務？
en: What kind of services can DHT's be used to build?
answers: zh_tw: text: 分散式檔案系統、點對點技術檔案分享系統、合作的網頁快取、多播、任播、網域名稱系統以及即時通訊等。
en: text: anycast, cooperative Web caching, distributed file systems, domain name services, instant messaging, multicast, and also peer-to-peer file sharing and content distribution systems
斯摩稜斯克戰役 (1943 年)
Battle of Smolensk (1943)

context: zh_tw: 蘇聯方面史達林決心解放被德國佔領的國土，這個過程，已在 1942 年年底的天王星行動中開始，這個行動導致解放史達林格勒。第聶伯河戰役解放了烏克蘭及將南部前線向西推前。然而，為了更進一步削弱德國的防禦力量，同時發動了斯摩稜斯克行動，以迫使德軍將預備隊向北面轉移，從而削弱德軍在南部的防衛力量。這兩個行動均是同一個戰略性進攻行動的一部分，旨在儘可能收復被德軍控制的蘇聯領土。
en: On the Soviet side, Joseph Stalin was determined to pursue the liberation of occupied territories from German control, a course of action that had its first major success at the end of 1942 with Operation Uranus, which led to the liberation of Stalingrad. The Battle of the Dnieper was to achieve the liberation of Ukraine and push the southern part of the front towards the west. In order to weaken the German defenses even further, however, the Smolensk operation was staged simultaneously, in a move that would also draw German reserves north, thereby weakening the German defense on the southern part of the front. Both operations were a part of the same strategic offensive plan, aiming to recover as much Soviet territory from German control as possible.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這些行動的目標是什麼？
en: What was the goal of the operations?
answers: zh_tw: text: 收復被德軍控制的蘇聯領土
en: text: recover as much Soviet territory from German control as possible

context: zh_tw: 另一方面德軍則控制了以斯摩稜斯克和羅斯拉夫爾為中心更多的公路網和鐵路線。這兩個城市都是重要的後勤中心，使德軍能獲得快速供應和增援。對德軍來說最重要的鐵路線是斯摩稜斯克 — 布良斯克線和涅韋爾 — 奧爾沙 — 莫吉廖夫線，它們將在奧廖爾集中的德軍與其西面的部隊連繫在一起。然而作為蘇軍計劃的一部分，德軍的鐵路通訊因蘇軍實施音樂會行動而被游擊隊襲擊，這是第二次世界大戰中其中一次最大規模的鐵路破襲行動。
en: The Wehrmacht controlled a much wider network of roads and railroads, centered on Smolensk and Roslavl. These two cities were important logistical centers, allowing quick supply and reinforcements for German troops. By far the most important railroads for German troops were the Smolensk-Bryansk axis and the Nevel-Orsha-Mogilev axis, linking German western troops with troops concentrated around Oryol.
qas: question: zh_tw: 為什麼斯摩稜斯克 — 布良斯克線和涅韋爾 — 奧爾沙 — 莫吉廖夫線對德國軍隊如此重要？
en: Why were the Smolen-bryansk axis and Nevel-Orsha_Mogilev axis so important to the German troops?
answers: zh_tw: text: 它們將在奧廖爾集中的德軍與其西面的部隊連繫在一起
en: text: linking German western troops with troops concentrated around Oryol.
史瓦濟蘭經濟
Economy of Eswatini

context: zh_tw: 史瓦濟蘭、賴索托、波札那、奈米比亞和南非締結南部非洲關稅聯盟（SACU），統一各成員國的進口關稅。另一方面，史瓦濟蘭、賴索托、奈米比亞和南非也是共同貨幣區（CMA）的成員，允許匯回資金和非限定用途基金（unrestricted funds）。史瓦濟蘭發行自身貨幣史瓦濟蘭裡蘭吉尼，與南非蘭特等值。
en: Eswatini, Lesotho, Botswana, Namibia, and the Republic of South Africa form the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), where import duties apply uniformly to member countries. Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa also are members of the Common Monetary Area (CMA) in which repatriation and unrestricted funds are permitted. Eswatini issues its own currency, the lilangeni (plural: emalangeni), which is at par with the South African rand.
qas: question: zh_tw: 縮寫 SACU 代表什麼？
en: What does the acronym SACU stand for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 南部非洲關稅聯盟
en: text: Southern African Customs Union
瓜達爾卡納爾海戰
Naval Battle of Guadalcanal

context: zh_tw: 4 艘日本運輸船在 15 日 04:00 抵達瓜島，田中和護送的驅逐艦隨即沿槽海飛速撤退。05:55 從各地、包括亨德森機場在內的美軍飛機蜂擁而至對運輸船發動攻擊，瓜島上的陸軍炮兵也加入其中。不久，美軍驅逐艦米德號也靠近過來，對著運輸船射擊。美軍的輪番攻擊讓運輸船起火，摧毀了所有沒來得及解除安裝的裝備。只有大約 2000-3000 名士兵登陸，而他們攜帶的彈藥和糧食基本都損失了。
en: The four Japanese transports beached themselves at Tassafaronga on Guadalcanal by 04:00 on 15 November, and Tanaka and the escort destroyers departed and raced back up the Slot toward safer waters. The transports were attacked, beginning at 05:55, by U.S. aircraft from Henderson Field and elsewhere, and by field artillery from U.S. ground forces on Guadalcanal. Later, destroyer Meade approached and opened fire on the beached transports and surrounding area. These attacks set the transports afire and destroyed any equipment on them that the Japanese had not yet managed to unload. Only 2,000 to 3,000 of the embarked troops made it to Guadalcanal, and most of their ammunition and food were lost.Yamamoto's reaction to Kondo's failure to accomplish his mission of neutralizing Henderson Field and ensuring the safe landing of troops and supplies was milder than his earlier reaction to Abe's withdrawal, perhaps because of Imperial Navy culture and politics. Kondo, who also held the position of second in command of the Combined Fleet, was a member of the upper staff and battleship "clique" of the Imperial Navy while Abe was a career destroyer specialist. Admiral Kondo was not reprimanded or reassigned but instead was left in command of one of the large ship fleets based at Truk.
qas: question: zh_tw: 發動攻擊的飛機來自哪裡？
en: Where did the defensive planes originate from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 亨德森機場在內的美軍飛機
en: text: U.S. aircraft from Henderson Field
魔法人力派遣公司
Rental Magica

context: zh_tw: 《魔法人力派遣公司》為角川 Sneaker 文庫出版，三田誠所著的系列輕小說。插畫由 pako 負責。由臺灣角川發行中譯本小說，譯者 K.K.；也改編為漫畫，2007 年 10 月 7 日推出電視動畫。
en: Rental Magica (レンタルマギカ, Rentaru Magika) is a Japanese light novel series by Makoto Sanda, with illustrations by Pako. It is in the midst of serialization in The Sneaker magazine published by Kadokawa Shoten. An anime television series adaptation animated by Zexcs was broadcast in Japan between October 7, 2007 and March 23, 2008, airing a total of twenty-four episodes.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰出版了雜誌？
en: who published the magazine?
answers: zh_tw: text: 角川
en: text: Kadokawa Shoten
第二次阿拉曼戰役
Second Battle of El Alamein

context: zh_tw: 在戰役開始的幾個月前，英聯邦軍隊使用了一些欺騙戰術，為的是使軸心軍在開戰時措手不及。他們不僅要在可能的戰鬥地點方面欺騙軸心軍，還要讓軸心軍獲知錯誤的發起時間。這些盟軍發出假情報的行動，代號為 “柏特來姆行動”。9 月時盟軍在北部傾倒了一些廢棄物品（比如拆掉的旅行箱）並將它們偽裝起來，使它們看起來就像彈藥庫和糧倉。軸心軍很自然地發現了它們，但是在此之後盟軍沒有發起大規模攻擊，而且在一段時間過去後，那些 “彈藥庫” 和 “糧倉” 的位置也沒有改變，於是軸心軍也就沒把它們放在眼裡。英軍第 8 軍團遂利用軸心軍失去警覺的機會，在夜間於前線將那些廢棄物換成真正的彈藥庫、油罐和糧倉而不被敵人發現。與此同時，盟軍還開始建造一條假的輸油管，致使軸心軍認為戰役將會在盟軍計劃的開始時間以後開始，而地點會在南方。為了更進一步迷惑敵人，盟軍在南方用膠合板來覆蓋住吉普車，使之看起來像戰車，而北方的戰車也被蓋上了膠合板，使它們看起來就像運輸單位的車輛。
en: The Commonwealth forces practised a number of deceptions in the months before the battle to confuse the Axis command as to the whereabouts of the forthcoming battle and when the battle was likely to occur. This operation was codenamed Operation Bertram. In September, they dumped waste materials (discarded packing cases, etc.) under camouflage nets in the northern sector, making them appear to be ammunition or ration dumps. The Axis naturally noticed these but, as no offensive action immediately followed and the "dumps" did not change in appearance, they were subsequently ignored. This allowed Eighth Army to build up supplies in the forward area unnoticed by the Axis, by replacing the rubbish with ammunition, petrol or rations at night. Meanwhile, a dummy pipeline was built, hopefully leading the Axis to believe the attack would occur much later than it, in fact, did and much further south. To further the illusion, dummy tanks consisting of plywood frames placed over jeeps were constructed and deployed in the south. In a reverse feint, the tanks destined for battle in the north were disguised as supply trucks by placing removable plywood superstructures over them.
qas: question: zh_tw: 英聯邦軍隊迷惑的敵人是？
en: What enemy did the Commonwealth confuse?
answers: zh_tw: text: 軸心軍
en: text: Axis command
不可能的任務：失控國度
Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation

context: zh_tw: 2014 年 8 月 21 日在奧地利維也納開拍，2015 年 3 月 12 日完成。派拉蒙影業定於 2015 年 7 月 31 日在北美和全球上映（含 IMAX 版）。續集《不可能的任務：全面瓦解》於 2018 年上映。
en: Filming began on August 21, 2014, in Vienna, Austria, and concluded on March 12, 2015. The film was released in North America by Paramount Pictures on July 31, 2015. It received positive reviews from critics and grossed $682 million worldwide, becoming eighth-highest-grossing film of 2015 as well as the third highest-grossing film starring Cruise.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這部電影哪一年開拍的？
en: In what year did the filming begin?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2014 年
en: text: 2014,
連尼・雲・達・加賀夫
René van de Kerkhof

context: zh_tw: 連尼・加賀夫和他的孿生兄弟韋利・加賀夫皆是荷蘭國家隊成員，出席 1974 年世界盃決賽，1978 年的決賽成為球隊關鍵的球員。總體而言，連尼上陣了 47 次，攻入 5 球。
en: Van de Kerkhof and his twin brother Willy were squad members of the Dutch national team that made the World Cup final in 1974 and became key players in the team that made the 1978 final, losing to hosts West Germany and Argentina, respectively. Overall, Van de Kerkhof appeared 47 times for his country, scoring five goals.
qas: question: zh_tw: 範德科爾霍夫為國家隊進了多少球？
en: How many goals did Van de Kerkhof score for country?
answers: zh_tw: text: 5
en: text: five
花漾年華 (歌曲)
Teenage Dream (Katy Perry song)

context: zh_tw: 《花漾年華》（英語：Teenage Dream），是美國女歌手凱蒂・佩芮的一首歌曲。於 2010 年 7 月 23 日作為她第 3 張錄音室《花漾年華》專輯的第 2 支單曲發行。佩芮與邦妮・麥琪曾在腦海中構建了許多和青春相關的歌曲，但都被製作人班尼・布蘭科與盧克博士拒收了。布蘭科給他們展示了法國樂隊 The Teenagers 的單曲 "Homecoming"，麥琪把 “花漾年華” 想象成一首時光倒流回青少年時期與戀人相愛的歌曲。他們在佩芮的家鄉聖巴巴拉遇見了馬克斯・馬丁，並開始在錄音室創作曲目。在佩芮錄製完歌曲之後，麥琪展示了自己額外的想法並重新創作了歌曲的副歌。佩芮曾稱本歌曲讓她回想起了自己的青春往事。
en: "Teenage Dream" is a song by American singer Katy Perry. It was released as the second single from her third studio album of the same name on July 23, 2010. Perry and Bonnie McKee wrote many songs with youthful themes in mind, but they were rejected by producers Benny Blanco and Dr. Luke. Blanco showed them The Teenagers' single "Homecoming", and McKee imagined "Teenage Dream" as a throwback song to the euphoric feelings of being in love as a teenager. They met with Max Martin in Perry's hometown of Santa Barbara, California and started writing the track at Playback Recording Studio, which Perry later described as a pure moment for her. After Perry recorded her vocals, McKee presented her idea and the chorus was rewritten. Perry also described the song as reminiscent of her youth while contemplating her future marriage to Russell Brand.
qas: question: zh_tw: 佩芮錄製完 "Perry's Vocal" 後，回鄉發生了什麼事？
en: What happened after Perry's Vocal on the homecoming?
answers: zh_tw: text: 麥琪展示了自己額外的想法並重新創作了歌曲的副歌。
en: text: McKee presented her idea and the chorus was rewritten
007 大戰皇家賭場
Casino Royale (2006 film)

context: zh_tw: 路德格・皮斯特（Ludger Pistor）飾孟德爾（Mendel）：瑞士銀行家，負責撲克牌比賽過程中及之後的所有貨幣轉帳。
en: Ludger Pistor as Mendel: A Swiss banker responsible for all monetary transactions during and after the poker tournament.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這瑞士銀行家負責什麼轉帳？
en: What kind of transactions was the Swiss banker responsible for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 貨幣
en: text: monetary

context: zh_tw: 2006 年 11 月 18 日，《大戰皇家賭場》在 27 個國家一經上映就登上票房頭把交椅，整個週末在除美國、愛爾蘭、美國和加拿大以外的其他國家共計收入 4340 萬 7886 美元。影片在世界電影票房冠軍位置上保持了 4 個星期。
en: The film has earned $599,045,960 worldwide. Casino Royale was the 4th highest-grossing film of 2006, and was the highest-grossing instalment of the James Bond series until Skyfall surpassed it in November 2012.Upon its release in the United Kingdom Casino Royale broke series records on both opening day—£1.7 million—and opening weekend—£13,370,969. At the end of its box office run, the film had grossed £55.4 million, making it the most successful film of the year in the UK, and as of 2011, the tenth highest-grossing film of all time in the country.On its US opening day Casino Royale was on top with $14,741,135, and throughout the weekend grossed a total of $40,833,156, placing it second in the ranking behind Happy Feet ($41.5 million). However, Casino Royale was playing in 370 fewer cinemas and had a better average ($11,890 per cinema, against $10,918 for Happy Feet). It earned $167,445,960 by the end of its run in North America, marking what was at the time the highest-grossing film of the series, before being surpassed by Quantum of Solace's $168.4 million.On 18 November 2006 Casino Royale opened at the first position in 27 countries, with a weekend gross of $43,407,886 in the non-UK, Irish, US or Canada markets. The film retained the top spot at the worldwide box office for four weeks.
qas: question: zh_tw: 該電影在榜首待了幾個 7 天週期？
en: How many 7-day periods was the movie at the top spot?
answers: zh_tw: text: 4 個
en: text: four
喀羅尼亞戰役

context: zh_tw: 腓力再度介入希臘的紛爭是跟另一場戰爭有關。這場戰爭起火點是奧佐利亞洛克裡（Ozolian Locris）的阿姆菲薩公民耕種了德爾斐南部克里西亞（Crisaean）平原上的阿波羅聖地，在經過內部爭吵後近鄰同盟會議決定對阿姆菲薩宣戰，爆發第四次神聖戰爭。而後一個色薩利代表團建議腓力二世應該介入這場戰爭併成為近鄰同盟的領導人，這使得腓力二世進軍希臘有了藉口。無論這事是否屬實，或是腓力二世自導自演了代表團的請求，無論如何腓力二世都會想盡各種藉口進軍希臘。
qas: question: zh_tw: 腓力在希臘南部的戰役的名稱是什麼？
en: What was the name of Phillips Southern Greece campaign?
answers: zh_tw: text: 神聖戰爭

context: zh_tw: 希臘城邦聯軍主要由雅典和底比斯組成，另外還有亞該亞、科林斯、哈爾基斯、埃皮達魯斯（Epidaurus）、墨伽拉和特洛伊真（Troezen）等城邦，其中雅典軍的將領為卡瑞斯（Chares of Athens）和呂西克列斯（Lysicles），底比斯軍將領為特阿根尼（Theagenes）。關於希臘城邦聯軍的軍力並沒有一份史料有準確記載，羅馬查士丁認為當時希臘方在士兵數量上佔有很大的優勢，而今日學者則認為希臘聯軍的數量應該跟馬其頓軍差不多。此戰雅典軍在聯軍的左翼，底比斯軍在右翼，其他城邦部隊則在中央。
qas: question: zh_tw: 資料提供了具體數字嗎？
en: Does any source provide exact numbers?
answers: zh_tw: text: 沒有

context: zh_tw: 腓力似乎此役後一個月都在希臘四處各地移動，他在那些地方與其他交戰城邦締約，處理斯巴達問題，建立駐軍。他的行為很可能也向希臘城邦展示他強大的武力，讓他們不敢向自己挑戰。在前 337 年中，他似乎駐紮在科林斯附近，並準備建立一個包含所有希臘城邦的聯盟，他有意透過這個聯盟保證希臘的和平，並且提供他軍事協助來對抗波斯帝國。結果，腓力二世在前 337 年後半被成立了科林斯同盟，除了斯巴達以外，所有的希臘城邦都加入這個聯盟之中。同盟的主要條文中，所有的成員彼此間和馬其頓都是盟友，成員中被保證免受攻擊的自由、航海自由、免受干涉的自由，而馬其頓部隊以「和平守護者」的名義駐紮希臘。在腓力的旨意下，若與波斯開戰後，全同盟將會舉腓力二世為全希臘統帥，率領希臘人作戰。
qas: question: zh_tw: 腓力的工作是為了建立什麼？
en: What did Philip work to establish?
answers: zh_tw: text: 城邦的聯盟
Secret (組合)
Secret (South Korean group)

context: zh_tw: Secret（韓語：시크릿）是韓國 TS 娛樂公司在 2009 年所推出的四人女子團體，成員包括全烋星、宋枝恩、鄭河娜、韓善夥。
en: Secret (Korean: 시크릿) was a South Korean K-pop girl group formed by TS Entertainment in 2009. The group originally debuted with four members: Jun Hyoseong, Jung Hana, Song Jieun and Han Sunhwa. They released their debut single I Want You Back October 2009. Secret's debut single did not meet great success and it was not until the following year that the group saw a rise in popularity. In 2010, Secret released two singles Magic and Madonna which earned much attention with both singles peaking at No. 2 and No. 1 respectively on the Gaon Digital Chart. With the success of "Magic" and "Madonna", the group received the "Newcomer Award" at the 25th Golden Disk Awards. During Secret's early days the group was known as "basement idols" because of the poor living conditions they were in, but with their rapid success the group was able to move into better conditions.In 2011, Secret adopted a girl-next-door image through songs like Shy Boy and Starlight Moonlight which led the group to major success. With the hit single Shy Boy Secret won their first music show award on M Countdown; they also managed to stay at number one on Music Bank for three consecutive weeks, earning them a triple crown. Shy Boy and Starlight Moonlight won Secret multiple awards including two Song of the Year awards at the 1st Gaon Chart Awards for the months of January and June. Secret released their first full-length album Moving in Secret in October 2011, featuring the lead single "Love is Move" which showcased Secret's sexy and confident side again. With the group's success in South Korea throughout 2011, Secret sold over seven million in digital download sales.
qas: question: zh_tw: 原成員有多少人？
en: How many original members were there?
answers: zh_tw: text: 四人
en: text: four
怪獸宇宙
MonsterVerse

context: zh_tw: 在《哥吉拉》（2014 年）上映後幾周，製片商傳奇影業於 2014 年 7 月的聖地亞哥國際動漫展上證實，該公司已獲得摩斯拉、拉頓和王者基多拉的版權，並在會場上揭露了概念圖片，和以「衝突：不可避免讓牠們戰鬥」的字卡作結。2015 年 9 月，傳奇宣佈，電影《金剛：骷髏島》將不會與環球影業共同合作計劃。反之，它會與華納兄弟共同發展，這使得哥吉拉和金剛這兩大怪獸有望出現在同一部電影中。
en: Legendary Entertainment confirmed at the July 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International that it had acquired the licensing rights to Mothra, Rodan, and King Ghidorah from Toho and revealed concept footage with the closing title cards reading "Conflict: inevitable. Let them fight". In September 2015, Legendary announced that the film Kong: Skull Island would not be developed with Universal Studios. Instead, it would be developed with Warner Bros., which sparked media speculation that Godzilla and King Kong would appear in a film together.In October 2015, Legendary announced plans to unite Godzilla and King Kong in a film titled Godzilla vs. Kong, set for a 2020 release date. Legendary plans to create a shared cinematic franchise "centered around Monarch" (the secret government agency which debuted in 2014's Godzilla) and that "brings together Godzilla and Legendary’s King Kong in an ecosystem of other giant super-species, both classic and new". Later in October, it was announced that Kong: Skull Island would have references to Monarch.In May 2016, Warner Bros. announced that Godzilla vs. Kong would be released on May 29, 2020, and that Godzilla: King of the Monsters would be pushed back from its original June 2018 release date to March 22, 2019, however, the film was later pushed back again to May 31, 2019. In October 2016, Legendary announced that Godzilla: King of the Monsters would be filmed at its parent company Wanda's Oriental Movie Metropolis facility in Qingdao, China, along with Pacific Rim Uprising. That same month, it was revealed that Legendary was planning a writers room to create their Godzilla–Kong cinematic universe, with Alex Garcia overseeing the project for Legendary.In early January 2017, Thomas Tull, founder of Legendary, resigned from the company but would remain as producer for the Godzilla–Kong series, which was revealed as the "MonsterVerse". In March 2017, Legendary assembled a writers room to develop the story for Godzilla vs. Kong.
qas: question: zh_tw: 何時證實獲得版權？
en: When was the acquisition of licensing rights confirmed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2014 年 7 月
en: text: July 2014

question: zh_tw: 哪家制作公司將開拍《哥吉拉對金剛》電影？
answers: en: text: Legendary

context: zh_tw: 2015 年 10 月，傳奇宣佈計劃將金剛和哥吉拉交會於一部名為《哥吉拉對金剛》（Godzilla vs. Kong）的電影，並定於 2020 年推出。傳奇計劃建立一個以「君主（Monarch）」為中心的共同宇宙，並將金剛和哥吉拉與其他經典的巨型超級怪獸集結在一起。儘管傳奇現在與環球合作，但唯獨該宇宙是與華納兄弟共同合作。10 月，透露在《金剛：骷髏島》將會提及君主。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪家制作公司將開拍《哥吉拉對金剛》電影？
en: Which production company will develop the Godzilla vs Kong movie?
answers: zh_tw: text: 傳奇
洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室
Los Alamos National Laboratory

context: zh_tw: 洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室是新墨西哥州北部最大的研究機構和最大的僱主，擁有大約 9,000 名的直接僱員和 774 人左右的合同僱員。此外還有大約 120 名的美國能源部員工駐紮在實驗室，負責監督那裡的工作和執行情況。實驗室約三分之一的技術人員是物理學家，四分之一是工程師，六分之一為化學家和材料科學家，其餘的則在數學和計算科學、生物學、地球科學等其他學科的工作。外部的科學家和學生也會訪問洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室參與科研專案。實驗室聯合大學和業界進行能源方面的基礎和應用研究。洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室 2016 年的預算約為 22 億美元。
en: LANL is northern New Mexico's largest institution and the largest employer with approximately 9,000 direct employees and around 650 contractor personnel.  Additionally, there are roughly 120 DOE employees stationed at the laboratory to provide federal oversight of LANL's work and operations. Approximately one-third of the laboratory's technical staff members are physicists, one quarter are engineers, one-sixth are chemists and materials scientists, and the remainder work in mathematics and computational science, biology, geoscience, and other disciplines. Professional scientists and students also come to Los Alamos as visitors to participate in scientific projects. The staff collaborates with universities and industry in both basic and applied research to develop resources for the future. The annual budget is approximately US$2.2 billion.
qas: question: zh_tw: 洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室擁有多少名直接僱員？
en: How many direct employees does LANL have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 9,000 名
en: text: 9,000