蘇門答臘犀牛
Sumatran rhinoceros

context: zh_tw: 蘇門犀是世界上最後生存的披毛犀牛，曾經廣佈於印度、不丹、孟加拉國、緬甸、寮國、泰國、馬來西亞和印度尼西亞的熱帶雨林與沼澤中。在中國，蘇門犀曾經廣佈於華南地區，尤其是四川。 現已是極危動物，於 1916 年在中國滅絕。現在野外僅存 6 個種群，其中 4 個在蘇門答臘，另外兩個分別在婆羅洲與馬來半島，總數不到 100 只，直至 2019 年，該數量不到 80 只。2008 年美國網站《生活科學》評出蘇門答臘犀牛為全球十大最瀕危的稀有動物物種之一。蘇門犀瀕危的主要原因是為其角而引發的偷獵。犀角在中醫藥材中極其珍貴，每公斤值 3 萬美元。大規模伐木與森林的開發對蘇門犀是極大的威脅，且蘇門犀在人工飼養環境下適應較差。
en: Members of the species once inhabited rainforests, swamps, and cloud forests in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and China. In historical times, they lived in southwest China, particularly in Sichuan. They are now critically endangered, with only five substantial populations in the wild: four in Sumatra and one in Borneo. Their numbers are difficult to determine because they are solitary animals that are widely scattered across their range, but they are estimated to number fewer than 100. Survival of the Peninsular Malaysia population is in doubt, and one of the Sumatran populations may already be extinct. In 2015, researchers announced that the Bornean rhinoceros had become extinct from the northern part of Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia); however, a tiny population was discovered in East Kalimantan in early 2016.The Sumatran rhino is a mostly solitary animal except for courtship and offspring-rearing. It is the most vocal rhino species and also communicates through marking soil with its feet, twisting saplings into patterns, and leaving excrement. The species is much better studied than the similarly reclusive Javan rhinoceros, in part because of a program that brought 40 Sumatran rhinos into captivity with the goal of preserving the species. There was little or no information about procedures that would assist in ex situ breeding. Though a number of rhinos died once at the various destinations and no offspring were produced for nearly 20 years, the rhinos were all doomed in their soon to be logged forest. In March 2016, a Sumatran rhinoceros (of the Bornean rhinoceros subspecies) was spotted in Indonesian Borneo.Malaysia’s last male Sumatran rhinoceros, named Tam, died on May 27, 2019.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這些物種曾經生活在哪裡？
en: Where did these species once inhibit?
answers: zh_tw: text: 度、不丹、孟加拉國、緬甸、寮國、泰國、馬來西亞和印度尼西亞的熱帶雨林與沼澤中
en: text: rainforests, swamps, and cloud forests in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and China

context: zh_tw: 通常在黃昏和清晨出來覓食。以小嫩葉、樹苗、水果、嫩芽和細枝為食。每天可吃掉 50 公斤。從糞便標本可看出，蘇門犀的以超過 100 種植物為食。最常見的食物是樹幹直徑 1-6 釐米的樹苗。它們通常將這些樹苗推倒，並吃掉上面的樹葉。最常見的被食種類為番櫻桃屬的植物。
en: Most feeding occurs just before nightfall and in the morning. The Sumatran rhino is a folivore, with a diet of young saplings, leaves, twigs, and shoots. The rhinos usually consume up to 50 kg (110 lb) of food a day. Primarily by measuring dung samples, researchers have identified more than 100 food species consumed by the Sumatran rhinoceros. The largest portion of the diet is tree saplings with a trunk diameter of 1–6 cm (0.5–2.5 in). The rhinoceros typically pushes these saplings over with its body, walking over the sapling without stepping on it, to eat the leaves. Many of the plant species the rhino consumes exist in only small portions, which indicates the rhino is frequently changing its diet and feeding in different locations. Among the most common plants the rhino eats are many species from the Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Melastomataceae families. The most common species the rhino consumes is Eugenia.The vegetal diet of the Sumatran rhinoceros is high in fiber and only moderate in protein. Salt licks are very important to the nutrition of the rhino. These licks can be small hot springs, seepages of salty water, or mud-volcanoes. The salt licks also serve an important social purpose for the rhinos—males visit the licks to pick up the scent of females in oestrus. Some Sumatran rhinos, however, live in areas where salt licks are not readily available, or the rhinos have not been observed using the licks. These rhinos may get their necessary mineral requirements by consuming plants rich in minerals.
qas: question: zh_tw: 犀牛的大多數進食行為發生在什麼時間？
en: When does most feeding of the rhino occur?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在黃昏和清晨出來覓食
en: text: before nightfall and in the morning