系統發展生命週期
Systems development life cycle

context: zh_tw: SDLC 可以看做一個快速迭代的過程。敏捷的方法，如 XP 和 Scrum，專注於輕量級程序，這些輕量級程序在開發週期中允許快速的變化 (不一定要按照 SDLC 的開發模型)。迭代法，例如統一軟體開發過程和動態系統開發方法，專注於有限的專案範圍並透過多個迭代來擴大或改善產品由。順序模型或預先大量設計模型（BDUF）、如瀑布模型、關注於完整和正確的規劃來指導大型專案、估計取得成功的風險，保證結果的可預測性。其他模式，如變形開發（Anamorphic development），傾向於由專案範圍和功能的迭代來指導系統開發。
en: Computer systems are complex and often (especially with the recent rise of service-oriented architecture) link multiple traditional systems potentially supplied by different software vendors. To manage this level of complexity, a number of SDLC models or methodologies have been created, such as waterfall, spiral, Agile software development, rapid prototyping, incremental, and synchronize and stabilize.SDLC can be described along a spectrum of agile to iterative to sequential methodologies. Agile methodologies, such as XP and Scrum, focus on lightweight processes which allow for rapid changes (without necessarily following the pattern of SDLC approach) along the development cycle. Iterative methodologies, such as Rational Unified Process and dynamic systems development method, focus on limited project scope and expanding or improving products by multiple iterations. Sequential or big-design-up-front (BDUF) models, such as waterfall, focus on complete and correct planning to guide large projects and risks to successful and predictable results. Other models, such as anamorphic development, tend to focus on a form of development that is guided by project scope and adaptive iterations of feature development.
qas: question: zh_tw: 瀑布是什麼的例子？
en: Waterfall is an example of what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 預先大量設計模型（BDUF）
en: text: Sequential or big-design-up-front (BDUF) models

question: zh_tw: 方法論者較喜歡什麼？
en: What do the methodologist prefer?
answers: zh_tw: text: 這些輕量級程序在開發週期中允許快速的變化 (不一定要按照 SDLC 的開發模型)
en: text: lightweight processes which allow for rapid changes (without necessarily following the pattern of SDLC approach) along the development cycle

question: zh_tw: 哪兩種迭代法？
en: What are two types of iterative methodologies?
answers: zh_tw: text: 統一軟體開發過程和動態系統開發方法
en: text: Rational Unified Process and dynamic systems development method

context: zh_tw: 產品生命週期結構化地描述了資訊系統的構建過程，重申產品生命中的每一個階段。根據艾略特和斯特拉和雷德福 (2004) 所說，系統開發生命週期 “起源於 1960 年代，用於在大型企業時代大規模地開發功能性商用系統。這些資訊系統的活動將涉及大規模的資料以及資料處理例程”。還有很多系統開發框架在一定程度上借鑑了 SDLC 的模型，如 1980 年代的結構化系統分析和設計方法 (SSADM)，用於生產英國政府商務辦公室系統。根據艾略特 (2004) 所說，“傳統的系統開發生命週期方法逐漸被其他方法和框架取代，這些方法試圖克服傳統 SDLC 模型的一些固有缺陷”。
en: The product life cycle describes the process for building information systems in a very deliberate, structured and methodical way, reiterating each stage of the product's life. The systems development life cycle, according to Elliott & Strachan & Radford (2004), "originated in the 1960s, to develop large scale functional business systems in an age of large scale business conglomerates. Information systems activities revolved around heavy data processing and number crunching routines".Several systems development frameworks have been partly based on SDLC, such as the structured systems analysis and design method (SSADM) produced for the UK government Office of Government Commerce in the 1980s. Ever since, according to Elliott (2004), "the traditional life cycle approaches to systems development have been increasingly replaced with alternative approaches and frameworks, which attempted to overcome some of the inherent deficiencies of the traditional SDLC".
qas: question: zh_tw: 系統開發生命週期起源於哪個年代？
en: In what decade did the systems development life cycle originate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1960 年代
en: text: 1960s

context: zh_tw: 在現代計算機界很少人會在 SDLC 中嚴格使用瀑布模型，因為已經有很多的現代方法取代了這種想法。有些人會認為 SDLC 已經不再適用一些模型，比如敏捷開發，但它仍然是科技界的一個廣泛使用的術語。SDLC 在系統開發的傳統模型上有優勢，更適合結構化環境。SDLC 方法的缺點在於，在專案需要迭代開發時，如：web 開發、電子商務開發，專案組需要定期檢查軟體設計，SDLC 就不實用了。與其說討論 SDLC 的優缺點，更重要的應該是借鑑 SDLC 的實踐模型，將其應用到現代軟體設計中。
en: Few people in the modern computing world would use a strict waterfall model for their SDLC as many modern methodologies have superseded this thinking. Some will argue that the SDLC no longer applies to models like Agile computing, but it is still a term widely in use in technology circles. The SDLC practice has advantages in traditional models of systems development that lends itself more to a structured environment. The disadvantages to using the SDLC methodology is when there is need for iterative development or (i.e. web development or e-commerce) where stakeholders need to review on a regular basis the software being designed.
qas: question: zh_tw: 目前哪種型號極少被用於 SDLC？
en: Which model is rarely used for SDLC this days?
answers: zh_tw: text: 嚴格使用瀑布模型
en: text: strict waterfall

question: zh_tw: SDLC 方法在哪方面最有優勢？
en: where is the SDLC practice most advantageous
answers: zh_tw: text: 系統開發的傳統模型
en: text: traditional models of systems development