尼羅河河口海戰
Battle of the Nile

context: zh_tw: 尼羅河海戰扭轉了英法兩國在地中海的戰略形勢，亦使皇家海軍得以保持戰略優勢直到戰爭結束。此役也鼓勵了其他歐洲列強對抗法國，導致第二次反法同盟出現。拿破崙的陸軍因失去海軍而被困埃及；而皇家海軍在敘利亞海岸的戰略優勢對英軍於阿卡之役的勝利亦作出了重大貢獻，把拿破崙趕回法國。而在此戰役中負傷的納爾遜則在歐洲大陸被視為英雄，亦因此役被封為男爵（但他曾暗中表示這封賞並不足夠）。他麾下的艦長亦得到社會高度讚揚，成為日後「納爾遜兄弟」傳奇的核心成員。這場戰役在大眾心目中留下深刻印象；作家費莉絲亞・希爾曼在 1826 年就曾寫下名詩《卡薩比安卡》，紀念此戰，在民間的同類作品中最為著名。
en: The battle reversed the strategic situation between the two nations' forces in the Mediterranean and entrenched the Royal Navy in the dominant position that it retained for the rest of the war. It also encouraged other European countries to turn against France, and was a factor in the outbreak of the War of the Second Coalition. Bonaparte's army was trapped in Egypt, and Royal Navy dominance off the Syrian coast contributed significantly to the French defeat at the Siege of Acre in 1799 which preceded Bonaparte's return to Europe. Nelson had been wounded in the battle, and he was proclaimed a hero across Europe and was subsequently made Baron Nelson—although he was privately dissatisfied with his rewards. His captains were also highly praised and went on to form the nucleus of the legendary Nelson's Band of Brothers. The legend of the battle has remained prominent in the popular consciousness, with perhaps the best-known representation being Felicia Hemans' 1826 poem Casabianca.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1799 年，什麼軍事團體在地中海打仗？
en: What military group was fighting in the Meditarranean during 1799?
answers: zh_tw: text: 皇家海軍
en: text: Royal Navy

question: zh_tw: 艦長成為了什麼核心成員？
en: What did the nucleus of the captains form?
answers: zh_tw: text: 「納爾遜兄弟」傳奇
en: text: the legendary Nelson's Band of Brothers

context: zh_tw: 阿布基爾灣是個向內陸凹進去的海灣，長 16 海里（30 公里），從西邊阿布基爾的村落伸延到東邊羅塞塔的城鎮；此海灣正是尼羅河其中一個流向地中海的出口。1798 年，此海灣受它在西邊延伸出去的石頭淺灘所保護；這淺灘由一個在 3 裡（4.8 公里）遠、受阿布基爾城堡所守衛的岬延伸出來。在一個小島上，有個位處石堆中的小炮臺保衛該淺灘。該炮臺由法軍士兵駐守，有著最少四門加農炮和兩門重型迫擊炮。布魯伊為了增強該島的戰鬥力，以支援艦隊戰列的前部，早前已經下令他的迫擊炮船和巡邏艦（gunboats）在小島西邊的石堆中下錨。再遠些的淺灘則伸延至小島的南方，再以一個略為半圓的方式，延伸至海灣距離岸邊 1650 碼（1510 米）之處。這些淺灘使得大型戰艦因為水深太淺而無法透過該處的水道；因此布魯伊下令他的十三艘戰列艦沿著淺灘的東北邊至小島南方，組成一條艦隊戰列，使得補給物資可從戰艦的左舷卸下，同時右舷火炮的火力可以覆蓋任何向海灣進行登陸行動的英軍艦艇。每艘戰艦都收到命令，要求她們的艦首和艦尾均需以強力纜繩繫住首尾鄰艦；這將可有效地使法國艦隊戰列成為一列長長的海上炮臺，理論上堅不可摧。布魯伊又在戰列艦的左舷部署了第二條艦隊戰列，由四艘巡防艦組成，長約 350 碼（320 米），位處主戰列的西方，大約在主戰列和淺灘之間。法軍主戰列的首艦是「戰士」號，停泊在距離阿布基爾島東南方 2400 碼（2200 米）、並圍繞該島的淺灘邊 1000 碼（910 米）處。主戰列向東南方延伸，中心由淺灘向海彎出去。法國戰艦以 160 碼（150 米）的距離相隔，而整列戰艦長 2850 碼（2610 米），以旗艦東方號為中心，兩艘 80 門炮戰列艦在首尾分別下錨。主戰列尾部由坐鎮「威爾・泰爾」號的海軍少將皮埃爾 - 夏爾・維爾納夫指揮。但是，布魯伊和他的艦長們在部署過程中犯下一連串致命的錯誤，埋下慘敗的伏線。布魯伊作出上述部署的原因，是為了迫使英軍攻擊法軍主戰列較強的中心及尾部，並使前部在英軍接近時，得以利用流行的東北風對英軍加以反擊。但是，他犯的第一個嚴重錯誤就是在「戰士」號和淺灘之間留下了足夠的空間，讓一艘敵艦得以穿越法軍主戰列的前部，在法艦和淺灘之間的水域行駛，使得戰線前方缺乏支援的戰艦陷入來自兩側的敵艦的交叉炮火中。使情勢變得更壞的是，法軍只是預備使用右舷火炮（向海那邊）和敵軍作戰，而左舷（向岸那邊）則未作任何戰鬥準備。左舷的火炮是關上的，而且左舷甲板則並未清空，堆放著各種補給品，窒礙火炮的使用。法國艦隊的部署還有第二個重要的缺陷：戰艦之間的間隔過大，足以讓一艘英艦穿過，從而使法軍主戰列陷入被分割的危機。根據布魯伊本來的計劃，法艦之間的距離是 160 碼（這距離本已不恰當）。但使情況變得更壞的是，法國艦隊奉命只是在艦首處下錨，使得戰艦隨風搖擺；而且，並不是所有的法軍艦長都遵命將鄰艦之艦首、艦尾以纜繩繫上。這使得艦與艦之間的距離變得越來越大。同時，這產生一些未被任何戰艦的舷側火力所覆蓋的空間。英軍戰艦可以在這些地方下錨，然後近距離攻擊法軍，而不會受到反擊。法軍部署的最後一個缺陷就是，主戰列的尾部因為風向的關係而不能有效支援前部。禍不單行，布魯伊正面對著一個危機 —— 缺乏糧水。幾乎所有補給物資都被拿破崙卸到岸上帶走，以供陸軍之用；但同時，並沒有來自陸地的補給物資供應艦隊所需。布魯伊於是決定讓每艘戰艦派遣 25 人沿岸徵收糧食、掘井和收集淡水。由於貝都因武裝分子的持續攻擊，每支補給部隊都需要全副武裝的警衛人員保護。所以，在任何時候，艦隊三分之一的水手都不在艦上。布魯伊向法國海軍部長愛提安・尤斯泰先・布力斯寫了一封信，報告法國艦隊當時的窘急情況：「我們的人員無論在數量還是質素上都屈居下風。我們大多數的索具都日久失修；我敢肯定，管理這支只配有如斯裝備的艦隊時，所需的勇氣絕對不可以少。」
en: The port side gun ports were closed, and the decks on that side were uncleared, with various stored items blocking access to the guns.  Brueys' dispositions had a second significant flaw: The 160-yard gaps between ships were large enough for a British ship to push through and break the French line. Furthermore, not all of the French captains had followed Brueys' orders to attach cables to their neighbours' bow and stern, which would have prevented such a manoeuvre. The problem was exacerbated by orders to only anchor at the bow, which allowed the ships to swing with the wind and widened the gaps. It also created areas within the French line not covered by the broadside of any ship. British vessels could anchor in those spaces and engage the French without reply. In addition, the deployment of Brueys' fleet prevented the rear from effectively supporting the van due to the prevailing winds.A more pressing problem for Brueys was a lack of food and water for the fleet: Bonaparte had unloaded almost all of the provisions carried aboard and no supplies were reaching the ships from the shore. To remedy this, Brueys sent foraging parties of 25 men from each ship along the coast to requisition food, dig wells, and collect water. Constant attacks by Bedouin partisans, however, required escorts of heavily armed guards for each party. Hence, up to a third of the fleet's sailors were away from their ships at any one time. Brueys wrote a letter describing the situation to Minister of Marine Étienne Eustache Bruix, reporting that "Our crews are weak, both in number and quality. Our rigging, in general, out of repair, and I am sure it requires no little courage to undertake the management of a fleet furnished with such tools."
qas: question: zh_tw: 正在討論哪隊？
en: Whose line is being discussed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 法軍
en: text: French