先天性心臟病
Congenital heart defect

context: zh_tw: 先天性心臟病（Congenital heart defect, CHD）是指在嬰兒出生時就已有的心臟問題。徵象和症狀隨心臟問題的種類而不同。症狀可能很輕微，也可能危及生命。若有症狀，可能會包括呼吸急促、發紺、體重增加緩慢、以及容易疲倦。一般不會有胸痛的症狀。大部份的先天性心臟病不會和其他疾病一起出現。心臟缺陷可能會造成其他併發症，包括心臟衰竭。
en: A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of problem. Symptoms can vary from none to life-threatening. When present they may include rapid breathing, bluish skin, poor weight gain, and feeling tired. It does not cause chest pain. Most congenital heart problems do not occur with other diseases. Complications that can result from heart defects include heart failure.The cause of a congenital heart defect is often unknown. Certain cases may be due to infections during pregnancy such as rubella, use of certain medications or drugs such as alcohol or tobacco, parents being closely related, or poor nutritional status or obesity in the mother. Having a parent with a congenital heart defect is also a risk factor. A number of genetic conditions are associated with heart defects including Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Marfan syndrome. Congenital heart defects are divided into two main groups: cyanotic heart defects and non-cyanotic heart defects, depending on whether the child has the potential to turn bluish in color. The problems may involve the interior walls of the heart, the heart valves, or the large blood vessels that lead to and from the heart.Congenital heart defects are partly preventable through rubella vaccination, the adding of iodine to salt, and the adding of folic acid to certain food products. Some defects do not need treatment. Others may be effectively treated with catheter based procedures or heart surgery. Occasionally a number of operations may be needed, or a heart transplant may be required. With appropriate treatment, outcomes are generally good, even with complex problems.Heart defects are the most common birth defect. In 2015 they were present in 48.9 million people globally. They affect between 4 and 75 per 1,000 live births depending upon how they are diagnosed. About 6 to 19 per 1,000 cause a moderate to severe degree of problems. Congenital heart defects are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths. In 2015 they resulted in 303,300 deaths down from 366,000 deaths in 1990.
qas: question: zh_tw: 先天性心臟異常的另一個名稱是什麼？
en: What is the other name for congenital heart anomaly?
answers: zh_tw: text: 先天性心臟病
en: text: congenital heart disease

question: zh_tw: 大部分先天性心臟病會怎麼樣？
en: What do most congenial heart diseases do?
answers: zh_tw: text: 不會和其他疾病一起出現
en: text: do not occur with other diseases

question: zh_tw: 哪個不是這種疾病的併發症？
en: which is not a complication of the disease?
answers: zh_tw: text: 胸痛
en: text: chest pain

question: zh_tw: 先天性心臟病可以分成多少類？
answers: en: text: two

question: zh_tw: 先天疾病的最主要死因是什麼？
answers: en: text: Congenital heart defects

context: zh_tw: 先天性心臟病的成因大多未知。部分的病例歸因於在懷孕時期的感染（如德國麻疹）、使用特定藥物或有毒物質（如酒精或煙），而父母親也和此疾病有關連，如母親的營養不良或肥胖。父母親其中一方有先天性心臟病也是危險因子。某些基因的狀況也會和此心臟疾病有關，如唐氏症、透納氏症，和馬凡氏症候群。先天性心臟病可以分成兩類：發紺性心臟病和非發紺性心臟病，是依兒童是否會發紺來分。心臟病的發病位置可以包含心臟的內壁、心臟瓣膜，或是流入心臟或流出心臟的大血管。
qas: question: zh_tw: 先天性心臟病可以分成多少類？
en: How many groups can congenital heart defects can split between?
answers: zh_tw: text: 兩

context: zh_tw: 心臟疾病是最常見的先天缺陷。在 2013 年，全球有 3430 萬人罹患此疾病。根據診查狀況，先天性心臟病每千名活產新生兒大約可影響 4 至 75 人。而大約每千名活產新生兒內有 6 至 19 人可能有輕微至嚴重的病情。先天性心臟病是最主要先天疾病相關的死因。在 2013 年，先天性心臟病造成了 323,000 人的死亡，這個數字較 1990 年的 366,000 人死亡來的低。
qas: question: zh_tw: 先天疾病的最主要死因是什麼？
en: What is the number one cause of birth defect deaths?
answers: zh_tw: text: 先天性心臟病