馬來西亞
Malaysia

context: zh_tw: 1969 年 5 月 13 日，首都吉隆坡發生種族衝突。513 事件之後，阿都拉薩政府開始推行頗受爭議的新經濟政策，目標是想透過配額制，提高土著的經濟權益比例。此後，馬來西亞維持一套精心規劃的族群政治平衡，政府體系試圖將整體的經濟發展，與政治經濟政策相結合，以提倡所有民族的平等參與。
en: In the Second World War, the Japanese Army invaded and occupied Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore for over three years. During this time, ethnic tensions were raised and nationalism grew. Popular support for independence increased after Malaya was reconquered by Allied forces. Post-war British plans to unite the administration of Malaya under a single crown colony called the "Malayan Union" met with strong opposition from the Malays, who opposed the weakening of the Malay rulers and the granting of citizenship to the ethnic Chinese. The Malayan Union, established in 1946, and consisting of all the British possessions in the Malay Peninsula with the exception of Singapore, was quickly dissolved and replaced on 1 February 1948 by the Federation of Malaya, which restored the autonomy of the rulers of the Malay states under British protection. During this time, mostly Chinese rebels under the leadership of the Malayan Communist Party launched guerrilla operations designed to force the British out of Malaya. The Malayan Emergency lasted from 1948 to 1960, and involved a long anti-insurgency campaign by Commonwealth troops in Malaya. On 31 August 1957, Malaya became an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations. After this a plan was put in place to federate Malaya with the crown colonies of North Borneo (which joined as Sabah), Sarawak, and Singapore. The date of federation was planned to be 31 August 1963 so as to coincide with the anniversary of Malayan independence; however, federation was delayed until 16 September 1963 in order for a United Nations survey of support for federation in Sabah and Sarawak, called for by parties opposed to federation including Indonesia's Sukarno and the Sarawak United Peoples' Party, to be completed.Federation brought heightened tensions including a conflict with Indonesia as well continuous conflicts against the Communists in Borneo and the Malayan Peninsula which escalates to the Sarawak Communist Insurgency and Second Malayan Emergency together with several other issues such as the cross border attacks into North Borneo by Moro pirates from the southern islands of the Philippines, Singapore being expelled from the Federation in 1965, and racial strife. This strife culminated in the 13 May race riots in 1969. After the riots, the controversial New Economic Policy was launched by Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak, trying to increase the share of the economy held by the bumiputera. Under Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad there was a period of rapid economic growth and urbanisation beginning in the 1980s. The economy shifted from being agriculturally based to one based on manufacturing and industry. Numerous mega-projects were completed, such as the Petronas Towers, the North–South Expressway, the Multimedia Super Corridor, and the new federal administrative capital of Putrajaya. However, in the late 1990s the Asian financial crisis almost caused the collapse of the currency and the stock and property markets.
qas: question: zh_tw: 推行新經濟政策的總理的名字是什麼？
en: What was the name of the Prime minister that launched the New Economic policy?
answers: zh_tw: text: 阿都拉薩
en: text: Tun Abdul Razak

context: zh_tw: 馬來西亞的官方語言稱為馬來西亞語，一種標準化的馬來語。英語在過去較長的一段時間，曾經是實際上的官方語言，但在 1969 年種族騷亂後（五一三事件），馬來語成為主要語言。即便如此，馬來西亞依舊是英語世界國家。在馬來西亞社會的許多領域，英語依然是一種非常活躍的第二語言，而且在部分的公立學校，英語被使用為數學、科學、理科系和資訊科技系專案（數理）的教學語言。在 2017 年馬來西亞教育部的新課綱開始，中學中一的數學和科學被改為以國語教學，中學理科系的生物學、物理學、化學，資訊科技系的電腦科學等依舊繼續以英語教學。。馬來西亞英語也稱為馬來西亞標準英語（MySE），是源自英國英語的一種英語型態，雖然這個名稱除在教育有關的討論外，很少在正式場合使用。在企業也廣泛使用馬來西亞英語，以及大馬式英語（Manglish），一種口語化的英語形式，帶有很重的馬來語、華語方言及淡米爾語的影響。政府不鼓勵馬來語的錯誤使用，並對那些混合馬來語和英語的公共標示牌處以罰款。馬來西亞亦有設華文學校，即課堂除以馬來語及英語教學之外亦會以中文（主要為華語）作為教學語言，主要為當地華人而設。
en: The official and national language of Malaysia is Malaysian, a standardised form of the Malay language. The terminology as per government policy is Bahasa Malaysia (literally "Malaysian language") but legislation continues to refer to the official language as Bahasa Melayu (literally "Malay language"). The National Language Act 1967 specifies the Latin (Rumi) script as the official script of the national language, but does not prohibit the use of the traditional Jawi script.English remains an active second language, with its use allowed for some official purposes under the National Language Act of 1967. In Sarawak, English is an official state language alongside Malaysian. Historically, English was the de facto administrative language; Malay became predominant after the 1969 race riots (13 May incident). Malaysian English, also known as Malaysian Standard English, is a form of English derived from British English. Malaysian English is widely used in business, along with Manglish, which is a colloquial form of English with heavy Malay, Chinese, and Tamil influences. The government discourages the use of non-standard Malay but has no power to issue compounds or fines to those who use improper Malay on their advertisements.Many other languages are used in Malaysia, which contains speakers of 137 living languages. Peninsular Malaysia contains speakers of 41 of these languages. The native tribes of East Malaysia have their own languages which are related to, but easily distinguishable from, Malay. Iban is the main tribal language in Sarawak while Dusunic and Kadazan languages are spoken by the natives in Sabah. Chinese Malaysians predominantly speak Chinese dialects from the southern provinces of China. The more common Chinese varieties in the country are Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainanese, and Fuzhou. The Tamil language is used predominantly by ethnic Tamils, who form a majority of Malaysian Indians. Other South Asian languages are also widely spoken in Malaysia, as well as Thai. A small number of Malaysians have Caucasian ancestry and speak creole languages, such as the Portuguese-based Malaccan Creoles, and the Spanish-based Chavacano language.
qas: question: zh_tw: 馬來西亞的語言曾受到哪個國家的巨大影響？
en: What nationality greatly influenced language in Malaysia?
answers: zh_tw: text: 英國
en: text: British

context: zh_tw: 在引進大學預科班制度之前，想要進入政府公立大學的學生，必須完成額外的 18 個月中學中六教育，並參加馬來西亞高等教育文憑考試（“STPM”），相當於英國的高階或普通教育文憑高階程度。1999 年，政府開始引進大學預科班（馬來語：Kolej Matrikulasi）課程，使之成為中六以外的另一個選項。在大學預科班修完為期 12 個月課程的學生，即可報讀本地大學。然而，大學預科班僅僅開放 10% 的名額給非土著學生。
en: The education system features a non-compulsory kindergarten education followed by six years of compulsory primary education, and five years of optional secondary education. Schools in the primary education system are divided into two categories: national primary schools, which teach in Malay, and vernacular schools, which teach in Chinese or Tamil. Secondary education is conducted for five years. In the final year of secondary education, students sit for the Malaysian Certificate of Education examination. Since the introduction of the matriculation programme in 1999, students who completed the 12-month programme in matriculation colleges can enroll in local universities. However, in the matriculation system, only 10 per cent of places are open to non-bumiputera students.
qas: question: zh_tw: 入學制度在哪一年開始？
en: What year did the matriculation system happen?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1999 年，政府開始引進大學預科班（馬來語：Kolej
en: text: 1999

context: zh_tw: 馬來西亞與鄰國存在著一些文化爭端，尤其是印尼。這兩個國家共同具有類似的文化資產，分享許多傳統，甚至馬來語與印尼語。然而在某些事情上常發生爭執，從烹飪菜餚到馬來西亞國歌。印尼對於保護本國的文化遺產，抱有強烈的感情。馬來西亞政府和印度尼西亞政府已召開會議，化解一些由於重疊文化而產生的緊張局勢。馬來西亞倒沒有這麼強烈的感覺，在那裡大多數人認識到，有許多文化價值是共享的。
en: Malaysia has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society. The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that inhabited it, along with the Malays who later moved there. Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began. Other cultural influences include the Persian, Arabic, and British cultures. Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities.In 1971, the government created a "National Cultural Policy", defining Malaysian culture. It stated that Malaysian culture must be based on the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, that it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in it. It also promoted the Malay language above others. This government intervention into culture has caused resentment among non-Malays who feel their cultural freedom was lessened. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.Some cultural disputes exist between Malaysia and neighbouring countries, notably Indonesia. The two countries have a similar cultural heritage, sharing many traditions and items. However, disputes have arisen over things ranging from culinary dishes to Malaysia's national anthem. Strong feelings exist in Indonesia about protecting their national heritage. The Malaysian government and the Indonesian government have met to defuse some of the tensions resulting from the overlaps in culture. Feelings are not as strong in Malaysia, where most recognise that many cultural values are shared.
qas: question: zh_tw: 馬來西亞和印度尼西亞有哪一種相似之處？
en: What is one similarity between Maylasia and Indonesia?
answers: zh_tw: text: 傳統
en: text: traditions