zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
象皮病
Lymphatic filariasis

context: zh_tw: 世界上有超過 1.2 億人感染到淋巴絲蟲病，且在 73 個國家中有 14 億人有被感染的風險，其中以非洲和亞洲最常見。淋巴絲蟲病造成每年數十億美元的經濟損失。
en: Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a human disease caused by parasitic worms known as filarial worms. Most cases of the disease have no symptoms. Some people, however, develop a syndrome called elephantiasis, which is marked by severe swelling in the arms, legs, breasts, or genitals. The skin may become thicker as well, and the condition may become painful. The changes to the body have the potential to harm the person's social and economic situation.The worms are spread by the bites of infected mosquitoes. Three types of worms are known to cause the disease: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, with Wuchereria bancrofti being the most common. These worms damage the lymphatic system. The disease is diagnosed by microscopic examination of blood collected during the night. The blood is typically examined as a smear after being stained with Giemsa stain. Testing the blood for antibodies against the disease may also permit diagnosis. Other roundworms from the same family are responsible for river blindness.Prevention can be achieved by treating entire groups in which the disease exists, known as mass deworming. This is done every year for about six years, in an effort to rid a population of the disease entirely. Medications used include antiparasitics such as albendazole with ivermectin, or albendazole with diethylcarbamazine. The medications do not kill the adult worms but prevent further spread of the disease until the worms die on their own. Efforts to prevent mosquito bites are also recommended, including reducing the number of mosquitoes and promoting the use of bed nets.In 2015 about 38.5 million people were infected. About 950 million people are at risk of the disease in 54 countries. It is most common in tropical Africa and Asia. Lymphatic filariasis is classified as a neglected tropical diseases and one of the four main worm infections. The disease results in economic losses of many billions of dollars a year.
qas: question: zh_tw: 淋巴絲蟲病每年造成多少損失？
en: What does lymphatic filariasis cause to lose a year?
answers: zh_tw: text: 數十億美元
en: text: many billions of dollars
尼泊爾
Nepal

context: zh_tw: 極帶氣候屬於海拔 4800 公尺以上的高山地區。尼泊爾全年可分為：春季、夏季、風季、秋季和冬季。其中風季主要是受印度孟加拉灣的季候風吹襲，季候風連帶豪雨容易導致嚴重的山泥傾瀉。喜瑪拉雅山脈一方面可以阻擋季候風繼續北上，另一方面可以阻擋來自亞洲西伯利亞等地形成的冬季冷空氣團。
en: Nepal experiences five seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. The Himalaya blocks cold winds from Central Asia in the winter and forms the northern limit of the monsoon wind patterns. In a land once thickly forested, deforestation is a major problem in all regions, with resulting erosion and degradation of ecosystems.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪山脈阻擋季風北上？
en: Which mountain range forms the most northern limits of Monsoon winds?
answers: zh_tw: text: 喜瑪拉雅山脈
en: text: The Himalaya
Google 眼鏡
Google Glass

context: zh_tw: Google 眼鏡（Google Glass）是一款配有光學頭戴式顯示器（OHMD）的可穿戴式電腦，由 Google 開發，其目標是希望能製造出供給大眾消費市場的普適計算裝置。Google 眼鏡以免手持、與智慧型手機類似的方式顯示各種資訊。穿戴者透過自然語言語音指令與網際網路服務聯絡溝通。
en: Google Glass is a brand of smart glasses—an optical head-mounted display designed in the shape of a pair of eyeglasses. It was developed by X (previously Google X) with the mission of producing a ubiquitous computer. Google Glass displayed information in a smartphone-like, hands-free format. Wearers communicated with the Internet via natural language voice commands.Google started selling a prototype of Google Glass to qualified "Glass Explorers" in the US on April 15, 2013, for a limited period for $1,500, before it became available to the public on May 15, 2014.  It had an integral 5 megapixel still/720p video camera. The headset received a great deal of criticism amid concerns that its use could violate existing privacy laws.On January 15, 2015, Google announced that it would stop producing the Google Glass prototype, to be continued in 2017 tentatively. In July 2017, Google announced the Google Glass Enterprise Edition. In May 2019, Google announced the Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2.
qas: question: zh_tw: Google 眼鏡以什麼形式顯示？
en: What format did Google Glass display?
answers: zh_tw: text: 免手持
en: text: hands-free
邏輯閘
Logic gate

context: zh_tw: 查爾斯・桑德斯・皮爾士 (1880–81 的冬天) 指出 NOR 閘可以單獨使用 (或者 NAND 閘也可以) 來產生其他邏輯閘的所有功能，不過他的這個研究一直到 1933 年才發表。在 1913 年，Henry M. Sheffer 第一個發表 NAND 閘可以做出全部的功能的證明，也因此 NAND 閘的邏輯運算有時候也稱為謝費爾豎線 (Sheffer stroke)；NOR 閘有時叫 Peirce's arrow。所以這些閘有時候叫做通用邏輯閘
en: Charles Sanders Peirce (during 1880–81) showed that NOR gates alone (or alternatively NAND gates alone) can be used to reproduce the functions of all the other logic gates, but his work on it was unpublished until 1933. The first published proof was by Henry M. Sheffer in 1913, so the NAND logical operation is sometimes called Sheffer stroke; the logical NOR is sometimes called Peirce's arrow. Consequently, these gates are sometimes called universal logic gates.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這些閘門較正式的名稱是什麼？
en: What is the more formal name for these gates?
answers: zh_tw: text: 通用邏輯閘
en: text: universal logic gates
臭氧層空洞
Ozone depletion

context: zh_tw: 極地上空平流層雲的作用對加速臭氧被消耗有很大的影響，在極地寒冷的條件下很容易產生雲層，以前的預測模式沒有考慮到這點，只是按全球臭氧被消耗的情況來分析，所以南極上空突然出現的臭氧層破洞令科學家們震驚。在中緯度地區上空，臭氧層只是被消耗而沒有形成破洞，1980 年以前，在北緯 35–60° 地區臭氧層只減薄了 3%，在南緯 35–60° 地區減薄了 6%，赤道地區臭氧層沒有明顯的被消耗。臭氧層的被消耗也是平流層和上層同溫層的溫度降低的原因，平流層的溫度是由於臭氧吸收紫外線造成的，臭氧減少溫度自然會降低，溫室氣體的增加，使得地球表面散熱慢，也會造成平流層溫度有些降低，但主要原因還是臭氧減少造成的。對臭氧層被消耗速度的預測意見並不一致，蒙特利爾議定書採納的是世界氣象組織的全球監測報告，認為聯合國環境署 1994 年對 1994 年 - 1997 年階段的預測有些過於誇大。
en: Reactions that take place on polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an important role in enhancing ozone depletion. PSCs form more readily in the extreme cold of the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere. This is why ozone holes first formed, and are deeper, over Antarctica. Early models failed to take PSCs into account and predicted a gradual global depletion, which is why the sudden Antarctic ozone hole was such a surprise to many scientists.It is more accurate to speak of ozone depletion in middle latitudes rather than holes. Total column ozone declined below pre-1980 values between 1980 and 1996 for mid-latitudes. In the northern mid-latitudes, it then increased from the minimum value by about two percent from 1996 to 2009 as regulations took effect and the amount of chlorine in the stratosphere decreased. In the Southern Hemisphere's mid-latitudes, total ozone remained constant over that time period. There are no significant trends in the tropics, largely because halogen-containing compounds have not had time to break down and release chlorine and bromine atoms at tropical latitudes.Large volcanic eruptions have been shown to have substantial albeit uneven ozone-depleting effects, as observed with the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinotubo in the Philippines.Ozone depletion also explains much of the observed reduction in stratospheric and upper tropospheric temperatures. The source of the warmth of the stratosphere is the absorption of UV radiation by ozone, hence reduced ozone leads to cooling. Some stratospheric cooling is also predicted from increases in greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CFCs themselves; however, the ozone-induced cooling appears to be dominant.Predictions of ozone levels remain difficult, but the precision of models' predictions of observed values and the agreement among different modeling techniques have increased steadily. The World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—Report No. 44 comes out strongly in favor of the Montreal Protocol, but notes that a UNEP 1994 Assessment overestimated ozone loss for the 1994–1997 period.
qas: question: zh_tw: 報告對蒙特利爾協議持什麼立場？
en: What position did the report have in relation to the Montreal Protocol?
answers: zh_tw: text: 蒙特利爾議定書採納的是世界氣象組織的全球監測報告
en: text: strongly in favor
皮蘭沙赫爾
Piranshahr

context: zh_tw: 皮蘭沙赫爾（波斯語：پیرانشهر‎ 是伊朗西亞塞拜然省的一座城市，位於烏魯米耶湖以西，鄰近伊拉克邊境，人口約 10.9 萬（2005 年）。
en: Piranshahr (Persian: پیرانشهر‎; Kurdish: پیرانشه‌هر‎ ;Azerbaijani: پیرانشهر‎‎  Kurmancî Kurdish: Pîranşahr) is a city located in West Azarbaijan Province in west Iran. It is the capital of Piranshahr County.Piranshahr is the center of the traditional region of Mokrian.Piranshahr is one of the Iran's oldest cities and its foundations date back to the pre-Islamic era of Iran and the emergence of the kingdom of Media.
qas: question: zh_tw: 皮蘭沙赫爾位於哪個國家？
en: In which country is the city of Piranshahr located?
answers: zh_tw: text: 伊朗
en: text: Iran
極樂鳥
Bird-of-paradise

context: zh_tw: 極樂鳥使用鬆軟的材料如樹葉，蕨類植物和藤蔓來築巢，通常放在一個樹叉上。 一窩蛋沒有確定的規格，大型物種幾乎總是隻有一個卵，小一些的物種可能會建造 2 至 3 個卵的卵窩。（Mackay 1990）卵在 16 至 22 天之後孵化，小鳥在 16 至 30 天大時離巢。 輝風鳥屬是這個群體中最原始的成員。
en: Birds-of-paradise build their nests from soft materials, such as leaves, ferns, and vine tendrils, typically placed in a tree fork. The typical number of eggs in each clutch varies among the species and is not known for every species. For larger species, it is almost always just one egg, but smaller species may produce clutches of 2–3 eggs. Eggs hatch after 16–22 days, and the young leave the nest at between 16 and 30 days of age.
qas: question: zh_tw: 雞蛋多久可以孵化出小雞？
en: How long does it take for the eggs to hatch?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1990）卵在 16 至 22 天之後孵化，小鳥在 16 至 30 天大時離巢。
en: text: 16–22 days
Nexus 5
Nexus 5

context: zh_tw: Nexus 5 搭配了一枚 800 萬畫素的主鏡頭，和一枚 130 萬畫素的前置鏡頭。相機軟體支援 360 度全景拍攝。主鏡頭具有 OIS 光學防抖和 HDR 功能。
en: The exterior of the Nexus 5 is made from a polycarbonate shell with similarities to the 2013 Nexus 7, unlike its predecessor that uses a glass-based construction.  Three exterior colors are available: black, white and red.Its hardware contains similarities to the LG G2; it is powered by a 2.26 GHz quad-core Snapdragon 800 processor with 2 GB of RAM, either 16 or 32 GB of internal storage, and a 2300 mAh battery. The Nexus 5 uses a 4.95-inch (marketed as 5-inch) 445 PPI 1080p IPS display, and includes an 8-megapixel rear-facing camera with optical image stabilization (OIS), and a 1.3-megapixel front-facing camera. The Nexus 5 supports LTE networks where available, unlike the Nexus 4 which unofficially supported LTE on AWS Band 4 only with a hidden software option, but was not formally approved or marketed for any LTE use.  There are two variants of the Nexus 5, with varying support for cellular frequency bands; one is specific to North America (LG-D820), and the other is designed for the rest of the world (LG-D821).Notable new hardware features also include two new composite sensors: a step detector and a step counter. These new sensors allow applications to easily track steps when the user is walking, running, or climbing stairs. Both sensors are implemented in hardware for low power consumption. Like its predecessors, the Nexus 5 does not have a microSD card slot, while it features a multi-color LED notification light. There are two grills present on the lower edge of the Nexus 5: one is for the mono speaker and the other is for the microphone.
qas: question: zh_tw: Nexus 5 採用哪一種鏡頭？
en: what type of camera does the nexus 5 use?
answers: zh_tw: text: 800 萬畫素的主鏡頭
en: text: 8-megapixel rear-facing camera
安汶
Ambon, Maluku

context: zh_tw: 安汶是座多元化的城市，居民包括摩鹿加人、爪哇人、巴釐人、布頓人、布吉人、望加錫人、巴布亞人、米納哈薩人、米南加保人，還有弗洛勒斯、松巴、阿洛和帝汶等地的部落民族。此外還有許多外國血統居民，如華人、阿拉伯人、西班牙人、德意志人、葡萄牙人和荷蘭人。安汶是基督教在此地區的傳教中心，城市和周邊島嶼有許多基督徒，以及在印度尼西亞大部分地區屬於多數人的穆斯林。
en: The city is populated by a mix of  ethnic Alifuru (original Moluccas), Javanese, Balinese, Butonese, Bugis, Makassar, Papuan,  Minahasa, Minang, Flobamora (Flores, Sumba, Alor and Timor tribes) and those of foreign descent (Chinese, Arabian-Ambonese, Spanish-Ambonese, German-Ambonese, Portuguese-Ambonese and Dutch-Ambonese). Between 1999 and 2002, there was social unrest motivated by racial intolerance.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰住在這個城市？
en: Who populates the city?
answers: zh_tw: text: 摩鹿加人
en: text: ethnic Alifuru
費拉蘆薈
Aloe vera

context: zh_tw: 費拉蘆薈已廣泛培育在世界各處因而天然分佈不詳。其歸化植株現蹤阿拉伯半島的南半部，跨越北非（摩洛哥、茅利塔尼亞、埃及）以及蘇丹和其鄰國，直至加那利群島、維德角和馬德拉島。這種分佈與 Euphorbia balsamifera、Pistacia atlantica 等其他物種有幾分相似，推測曾有大面積覆蓋的乾燥硬葉林因為撒哈拉的沙漠化而劇減，留下獨立的植被區。許多關係緊密甚或相同的物種可見於撒哈拉的兩端：龍血樹屬和蓮花掌屬便是兩個代表性例子。
en: A. vera is considered to be native only to the south-west Arabian Peninsula. However, it has been widely cultivated around the world, and has become naturalized in North Africa, as well as Sudan and neighboring countries, along with the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, and Madeira Islands. It is also naturalized in wild areas across southern Spain, especially in the region of Murcia, being the only place in Europe where it has been found naturalized.The species was introduced to China and various parts of southern Europe in the 17th century. It is widely naturalized elsewhere, occurring in temperate and tropical regions of Australia, South America, Mexico, the Caribbean and southeastern US states. The current distribution may be the result of human cultivation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 庫拉索蘆薈在哪裡被中和過？
en: Where has the A.Vera been naturalized?
answers: zh_tw: text: 北非（摩洛哥、茅利塔尼亞、埃及）以及蘇丹和其鄰國，直至加那利群島、維德角和馬德拉島
en: text: North Africa, as well as Sudan and neighboring countries, along with the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, and Madeira Islands

context: zh_tw: 費拉蘆薈傳統用於多種皮膚治療。在阿育吠陀中同龍舌蘭屬的萃取物稱為 kathalai 。費拉蘆薈早期的用法紀錄始於西元前 16 世紀的埃伯斯莎草紙，以及西元一世紀中期迪奧科里斯的 De Materia Medica 和老普林尼的博物志，西元 512 年的維也納迪奧科里斯中也有記載。廣泛為各地的傳統藥草醫學所用。
en: Aloe vera is used in traditional medicine as a skin treatment. In Ayurvedic medicine it is called kathalai, as are extracts from agave.  Early records of Aloe vera use appear in the Ebers Papyrus from the 16th century BC, and in Dioscorides' De Materia Medica and Pliny the Elder's Natural History – both written in the mid-first century AD. It is also written of in the Juliana Anicia Codex of 512 AD.
qas: question: zh_tw: 蘆薈能治療身體哪個部位？
en: Aloe vera can treat what part of the body?
answers: zh_tw: text: 皮膚
en: text: skin
石黑一雄
Kazuo Ishiguro

context: zh_tw: 1986 年，石黑一雄與洛娜・麥克杜格爾（Lorna MacDougall）完婚。洛娜・麥克杜格爾是一名社會工作者，他們在諾丁山的西倫敦薩仁尼安無家可歸者慈善團體的會議上相遇。當時石黑一雄是作為住宅安置工作者而出席的。婚後，他們帶著女兒娜奧米（Naomi）居住在倫敦。石黑一雄曾就英國去留歐盟公投引發的仇恨罪行為的興起而發表了一份公開譴責書。
en: Ishiguro has been married to Lorna MacDougall, a social worker, since 1986. They met at the West London Cyrenians homelessness charity in Notting Hill, where Ishiguro was working as a residential resettlement worker. The couple live in London with their daughter Naomi.Ishiguro wrote in an opinion piece "that the UK is now very likely to cease to exist" as a result of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.He describes himself as a "serious cinephile" and "great admirer of Bob Dylan", a previous recipient of the Nobel Literature prize.
qas: question: zh_tw: 石黑一雄啥時候結婚的。
en: When was Ishiguro married?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1986 年，石黑一雄與洛娜・麥克杜格爾（Lorna
en: text: 1986
YouTube
YouTube

context: zh_tw: YouTube 成立於 2005 年 2 月，由三名前 PayPal 僱員查得・賀利、陳士駿、賈德・卡林姆創辦；同年 4 月 23 日，YouTube 第一部上傳影片標題為「我在動物園」。 在為 PayPal 工作前，查德於賓州印第安那大學學習設計，陳士駿和賈德則共同在伊利諾大學厄巴納 - 香檳分校學習電腦科學。
en: YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. Three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—created the service in February 2005. Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰創辦了 PayPal？
en: Who created Paypal?
answers: zh_tw: text: 查得・賀利、陳士駿、賈德・卡林姆
en: text: Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim
甲殼素
Chitin

context: zh_tw: 甲殼素在工業上被用於許多不同的用處。甲殼素被用於水和廢水淨化，作為穩定食物的食品新增劑和藥品。甲殼素還可以作為染料、織物、黏合劑。工業的分離薄膜和離子交換樹脂可用甲殼素製成。紙類加工時也使用甲殼素增加強度及修飾物化性。
en: Chitin is used in industry in many processes. Examples of the potential uses of chemically modified chitin in food processing include the formation of edible films and as an additive to thicken and stabilize foods.   Processes to size and strengthen paper employ chitin and chitosan.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼被食品業廣泛使用？
en: what is used widely by the food industry?
answers: zh_tw: text: 甲殼素
en: text: Chitin
胡安・曼努埃爾・桑托斯
Juan Manuel Santos

context: zh_tw: 胡安・曼努埃爾・桑托斯・卡爾德隆（Juan Manuel Santos Calderón，1951 年 8 月 10 日－），哥倫比亞政治人物，經濟學家，前任哥倫比亞總統，2016 年諾貝爾和平獎得主。
en: Juan Manuel Santos Calderón  (Spanish: [ˈxwam maˈnwel ˈsantos kaldeˈɾon]; born 10 August 1951) is a Colombian politician. From 2010 to 2018, he was the President of Colombia. He was the sole recipient of the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在哪個拉丁國家 Juan Juan Calderon 是政治家？
en: In which Latin nation is Juan Calderon a politician?
answers: zh_tw: text: Calderón，1951 年 8 月 10 日－），哥倫比亞政治人物，經濟學家，前任哥倫比亞總統，2016 年諾貝爾和平獎得主。
en: text: Colombia
耶路撒冷舊城
Old City (Jerusalem)

context: zh_tw: 1950 年，約旦正式將東耶路撒冷合併， 但在 1967 年被以色列驅除出約旦河西岸。 1980 年，不具耶路撒冷舊城控制權的約旦申報耶路撒冷舊城為聯合國教科文組織世界遺產，登入名稱為 “耶路撒冷古城及其城牆”。1981 年獲得批准。1982 年，約旦又要求將其列入瀕危世界遺產名錄。
en: In 1980, Jordan proposed that the Old City be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was added to the List in 1981. In 1982, Jordan requested that it be added to the List of World Heritage in Danger. The United States government opposed the request, noting that the Jordanian government had no standing to make such a nomination and that the consent of the Israeli government would be required since it effectively controlled Jerusalem. In 2011, UNESCO issued a statement reiterating its view that East Jerusalem is "part of the occupied Palestinian territory, and that the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations."
qas: question: zh_tw: 1980 年，舊城被提議為什麼？
en: Old City was proposed to be what in 1980?
answers: zh_tw: text: 聯合國教科文組織世界遺產
en: text: UNESCO World Heritage Site
丹麥
Denmark

context: zh_tw: 丹麥語為丹麥的官方語言，也是最常用的語言。德語在與德國接壤的南日得蘭縣（已廢除）有官方少數族群語言的地位。英語和德語是丹麥最常用的外語。與周圍國家相比，丹麥人的平均壽命較短，但丹麥經常在各種國際排名中被列為最幸福的國家。
en: Danish is the de facto national language of Denmark. Faroese and Greenlandic are the official languages of the Faroe Islands and Greenland respectively. German is a recognised minority language in the area of the former South Jutland County (now part of the Region of Southern Denmark), which was part of the German Empire prior to the Treaty of Versailles. Danish and Faroese belong to the North Germanic (Nordic) branch of the Indo-European languages, along with Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish. There is a limited degree of mutual intelligibility between Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish. Danish is more distantly related to German, which is a West Germanic language. Greenlandic or "Kalaallisut" belongs to the Eskimo–Aleut languages; it is closely related to the Inuit languages in Canada, such as Inuktitut, and entirely unrelated to Danish.A large majority (86%) of Danes speak English as a second language, generally with a high level of proficiency. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency. Denmark had 25,900 native speakers of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area).
qas: question: zh_tw: 人們在丹麥說哪一種語言？
en: What language is spoken in Denmark?
answers: zh_tw: text: 丹麥語
en: text: Danish
于格・卡佩
Hugh Capet

context: zh_tw: 當於格・卡佩質疑自己能否戰勝查理及阿努爾夫時，拉昂主教阿代爾伯倫因被查理遂出而投靠于格・卡佩。在 991 年的濯足節，阿代爾伯倫假裝為雙方和解，前去會見查理及阿努爾夫，查理歡迎他，但是要求他發誓若有違誓會被詛咒，阿代爾伯倫便立下誓言，當晚，阿代爾伯倫在查理及阿努爾夫睡著時，把他們抓住，將他們交給了于格・卡佩。查理被囚禁在奧爾良直到他於 993 年或之前逝世。他的兒子，在監獄裡出生後被釋放。
en: Great was the predicament of Hugh, and he began doubting whether he could win the contest by force. Adalberon, bishop of Laon, whom Charles expelled when he took the city, had sought the protection of Hugh Capet. The bishop made overtures to Arnulf and Charles, to mediate a peace between them and Hugh Capet. Adalberon was received by Charles favorably, but was made to swear oaths that would bring curses upon himself if broken. Adalberon swore to them all, "I will observe my oaths, and if not, may I die the death of Judas." That night the bishop seized Charles and Arnulf in their sleep, and delivered them to Hugh. Charles was imprisoned in Orléans until his death. His sons, born in prison, were released.
qas: question: zh_tw: 查理被囚禁在哪裡？
en: Where was Charles held in confinement?
answers: zh_tw: text: 奧爾良
en: text: Orléans
男性
Man

context: zh_tw: 和其他大部份的哺乳類一様，男性的基因組中包括一個來自母親的 X 染色體以及一個來自父親的 Y 染色體。相較於女性胚胎，男性胚胎會分泌較多雄激素．較少雌激素。而性類固醇量的相對差異是造成男性和女性生理學差異的主要原因。在青春期時，荷爾蒙會刺激身體分泌雄激素，造成第二性徵的發展，因此兩性會有更明顯的差異。
en: Like most other male mammals, a man's genome typically inherits an X chromosome from his mother and  a Y chromosome from his father. The male fetus produces larger amounts of androgens and smaller amounts of estrogens than a female fetus. This difference in the relative amounts of these sex steroids is largely responsible for the physiological differences that distinguish men from women. During puberty, hormones which stimulate androgen production result in the development of secondary sexual characteristics, thus exhibiting greater differences between the sexes. However, there are exceptions to the above for some transgender and intersex men.
qas: question: zh_tw: 男性在哪裡獲得 Y 染色體？
en: Where does a male get their Y chromosome?
answers: zh_tw: text: 父親
en: text: from his father
奧林匹克運動會蒙特內哥羅代表團
Montenegro at the Olympics

context: zh_tw: 蒙特內哥羅奧林匹克委員會於 2006 年成立，並於 2007 年獲得承認。2012 年，蒙特內哥羅代表團在倫敦奧運的手球專案中獲得一面銀牌，取得該代表團歷史上首面獎牌。
en: The National Olympic Committee for Montenegro is the Montenegrin Olympic Committee.  It was created in 2006 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 2007.
qas: question: zh_tw: 蒙特內哥羅奧林匹克委員會成立於哪一年？
en: What year was the Montenegrin Olympic Committee created?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2006
en: text: 2006
愛德華・伯內特・泰勒
Edward Burnett Tylor

context: zh_tw: 愛德華・伯內特・泰勒 1832 年生於倫敦坎伯韋爾一個貴格會鍊銅廠主的富裕家庭，其父 Joseph Tylor，母 Harriet Skipper。
en: He was born in 1832, in Camberwell, London, and was the son of Joseph Tylor and Harriet Skipper, part of a family of wealthy Quakers who owned a London brass factory. His elder brother, Alfred Tylor, became a geologist.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他出生在哪裡？
en: Where was he born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 愛德華・伯內特・泰勒 1832 年生於倫敦坎伯韋爾一個貴格會鍊銅廠主的富裕家庭，其父
en: text: Camberwell, London

context: zh_tw: 泰勒發表處女作 Anahuac: Or Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern (1861) 是他 1856 年與 Christy 探訪墨西哥後的成果。此後他雖然再也沒有外出考察，泰勒仍繼續他對史前（根據考古發現）或當時的部落風俗及信仰的研究，於 1865 年發表了 Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization。隨後，發表了他的代表作 Primitive Culture（《原始文化》，1871）。儘管一戰前他一直筆耕不輟，但《原始文化》一直標誌著他事業的頂峰。這部著作不僅是對研究人類文明和人類學有巨大貢獻，而且影響了一批後輩學者如詹姆斯・弗雷澤。弗雷澤後來成為泰勒門生，成為人類學重要學者。
en: Tylor's first publication was a result of his 1856 trip to Mexico with Christy.  His notes on the beliefs and practices of the people he encountered were the basis of his work Anahuac: Or Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern (1861), published after his return to England. Tylor continued to study the customs and beliefs of tribal communities, both existing and prehistoric (based on archaeological finds). He published his second work, Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization, in 1865. Following this came his most influential work, Primitive Culture (1871). This was important not only for its thorough study of human civilisation and contributions to the emergent field of anthropology, but for its undeniable influence on a handful of young scholars, such as J. G. Frazer, who were to become Tylor's disciples and contribute greatly to the scientific study of anthropology in later years.
qas: question: zh_tw: 《原始文化》哪一年出版？
en: What year did Primitive Culture come out?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1871
en: text: 1871
路易斯・鹹美頓
Lewis Hamilton

context: zh_tw: 1993 年，8 歲的漢米爾頓在黑麥莊園卡丁車賽道開始參加卡丁車賽事，很快地便贏得許多賽事與小童級別錦標賽冠軍。他在 10 歲向麥拉倫車隊老闆羅恩・丹尼斯要簽名，並告訴他「嗨，我是路易斯・漢米爾頓。我贏得了英國錦標賽，且有一天我要駕駛你們的賽車。」丹尼斯在他的簽名本中寫道「九年後打給我，到時候我們自有辦法。」 漢米爾頓加入馬丁・海恩斯（Martin Hines）的 Zip Young Guns 卡丁車隊。他在 12 歲卓越的駕駛技巧讓英國博彩公司立博開出 40/1 的賠率，賭漢米爾頓將在 23 歲之前贏得一級方程式賽車分站冠軍；此外，也有 150/1 的賠率，賭他將會在 25 歲以前取得世界車手冠軍。他從小童級別開始參賽並在 1997 年晉升至山葉青年級別，順利贏得該級別的 Super 1 系列賽冠軍，隔年，便接到羅恩・丹尼斯的來電。丹尼斯履行了他的承諾，將漢米爾頓納入麥拉倫車手發展計劃旗下。這份合約包含了未來加入一級方程式賽車的選擇權，使他成為最年輕獲得一份一級方程式賽車合約的車手。
en: Hamilton began karting in 1993, when he was eight, at the Rye House Kart Circuit and quickly began winning races and Cadet class championships. Two years later, he approached McLaren Formula One team boss Ron Dennis for an autograph, and told him, "Hi. I'm Lewis Hamilton. I won the British Championship and one day I want to be racing your cars." Dennis wrote in his autograph book, "Phone me in nine years, we'll sort something out then." Hamilton drove for Martin Hines's Zip Young Guns Karting Team. By the age of 12, his driving skill was high enough that Ladbrokes took a bet, at 40/1 odds, that Hamilton would win a Formula One Grand Prix race before the age of 23; another predicted, at 150/1 odds, that he would win the World Drivers' Championship before he was 25. He progressed through to Junior Yamaha in 1997, and in 1998, Dennis called Hamilton after he won an additional Super One series and his second British championship. Dennis delivered on his promise and signed Hamilton to the McLaren driver development program. This contract included an option of a future Formula One seat, which would eventually make Hamilton the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which later resulted in a Formula One drive.
qas: question: zh_tw: 丹尼斯履行了什麼？
en: What did Dennis deliver on?
answers: zh_tw: text: 他的承諾
en: text: his promise
蝙蝠俠：阿卡姆瘋人院
Batman: Arkham Asylum

context: zh_tw: 遊戲採用第三人稱遊戲角度，主角蝙蝠俠在螢幕中為可見角色，視角能圍繞他自由移動。遊戲發生地點為阿卡漢精神病院，一所位於高譚市離岸區域內的監獄設施。遊戲開始時採用線性屬性，協助玩家掌握角色動作和行動方式，在進入島上主要範圍後則可自由探索遊戲版圖，但部分地區須待指定劇情章節完成後才解封。蝙蝠俠可進行的動作包括奔跑、跳躍、攀爬、蹲身、滑翔和以氣動爪鉤登上高點。
en: Batman: Arkham Asylum is an action-adventure game viewed from the third-person perspective. The playable character is visible on the screen and the camera can be freely rotated around him. The player controls Batman as he traverses Arkham Asylum, a secure facility for the criminally insane located off the coast of Gotham City. The opening areas of the game are linear, serving as a tutorial for the moves and approaches available to the player. Once the player emerges onto the island he can freely explore the game world, although some areas remain inaccessible until certain milestones in the main story. Batman can run, jump, climb, crouch, glide from heights using his cape, and use his grapple gun to climb low structures or escape to higher ledges.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰能抓住各建築物？
en: Who can grapple to different buildings?
answers: zh_tw: text: 蝙蝠俠
en: text: Batman
瑪麗皇后二號
RMS Queen Mary 2

context: zh_tw: 瑪麗皇后二號上有 4 臺 16 氣缸 Wärtsilä 16V46C 海洋環保柴油引擎發電機，共發出 67,200 千瓦電力；也有 2 臺通用電氣 LM2500 + 燃氣渦輪引擎（在煙囪後下方），共發出 50,000 千瓦。這種結合引擎安排被稱為複合式柴油 / 燃氣渦輪系統 CODAG（Combined Diesel And Gas turbine），低速時柴油機能提供較經濟的動力來源，高速時與高功率的燃氣渦輪機並聯輸出。瑪麗皇后二號是第 1 艘利用 CODAG 發電的客輪。第 1 艘利用燃氣渦輪引擎發電系統的客輪是 1977 年建成的芬蘭渡輪 Finnjet。
en: Queen Mary 2 was intended for routine crossings of the Atlantic Ocean, and was therefore designed differently from many other passenger ships. The liner's final cost was approximately $300,000 US per berth. Expenses were increased by the high quality of materials, and having been designed as an ocean liner, she required 40% more steel than a standard cruise ship. Queen Mary 2 has a maximum speed of just over 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) and a cruising speed of 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph), much faster than a contemporary cruise ship. Instead of the diesel-electric configuration found on many ships, Queen Mary 2 uses integrated electric propulsion to achieve her top speed. Diesel engines, augmented by gas turbines, are used to generate electricity for electric motors for propulsion and for on-board use.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼用於為電動機創造能量？
en: What is used to create energy for the electric motor?
answers: zh_tw: text: 16V46C 海洋環保柴油引擎發電機，共發出 67,200 千瓦電力；也有 2 臺通用電氣 LM2500 + 燃氣渦輪引擎（在煙囪後下方），共發出 50,000 千瓦。
en: text: Diesel engines
斯韋特蘭娜・約瑟福芙娜・阿利盧耶娃
Svetlana Alliluyeva

context: zh_tw: 斯韋特蘭娜・約瑟福芙娜・阿利盧耶娃（喬治亞語：სვეტლანა ალილუევა；俄語：Светлана Иосифовна Аллилуева；1926 年 2 月 28 日－2011 年 11 月 22 日），原名斯韋特蘭娜・約瑟福芙娜・斯大林娜（俄語：Светлана Иосифовна Сталина），是蘇聯領導人斯大林的女兒。在蘇聯清除史達林時代的思想之際，1967 年她從蘇聯逃到美國進行政治避難，但她也公開反對史達林式的壓迫政治，隨後加入美國國籍併成為一名作家，憑著廚房辯論對於後代生活的討論，在蘇聯解體失敗之際聲名大噪。
en: Svetlana Iosifovna Alliluyeva (Russian: Светла́на Ио́сифовна Аллилу́ева; Russian: Сталина; 28 February 1926 – 22 November 2011), later known as Lana Peters, was the youngest child and only daughter of Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and Nadezhda Alliluyeva, Stalin's second wife. In 1967, she caused an international furor when she defected to, and later became a naturalized citizen of, the United States. In 1984, she returned to the Soviet Union and had her Soviet citizenship returned. She later went back to the United States and also spent time in France, before settling in the United Kingdom and becoming a British citizen in 1992. She was Stalin’s last surviving child.
qas: question: zh_tw: 斯大林女兒的原名叫什麼？
en: What is the original first name of the daughter of Stalin?
answers: zh_tw: text: 斯韋特蘭娜
en: text: Svetlana
布魯西奧螺旋鐵路橋
Brusio spiral viaduct

context: zh_tw: 布魯西奧螺旋鐵路橋（義大利語：Viadotto elicoidale di Brusio，德語：Kreisviadukt Brusio）是一座位在瑞士格勞賓登州布魯西奧的單線螺旋型高架橋，是世界遺產名錄中貝爾尼納鐵路的特色之一。本橋由石頭建造，共有九孔，最大坡度為 7%。
en: The Brusio spiral viaduct (or Brusio circular viaduct; Italian: Viadotto elicoidale di Brusio, German: Kreisviadukt Brusio) is a single-track nine-arched stone spiral railway viaduct.
qas: question: zh_tw: 螺旋型鐵路高架橋的名稱是什麼？
en: What is the name of the spiral railway viaduct?
answers: zh_tw: text: 布魯西奧螺旋鐵路橋
en: text: Brusio spiral viaduct

context: zh_tw: 本橋是位於貝爾尼納鐵路布魯西奧站和 Campascio 站間，就在布魯西奧南側，距聖莫里茨站約 54 公里（34 英里）。
en: The Brusio spiral viaduct forms part of the Bernina Railway section between Brusio and Campascio.  It is just south of Brusio, and approximately 54 kilometres (34 mi) from St. Moritz.
qas: question: zh_tw: 距聖莫里茨站有多遠？
en: How far is it from St. Mortiz?
answers: zh_tw: text: 54 公里
en: text: 54 kilometres (34 mi)
卡拉庫姆沙漠
Karakum Desert

context: zh_tw: 世上最大的灌溉運河─卡拉庫姆運河─橫跨在卡拉庫姆沙漠之上。運河在 1988 年完工，全長 1,375 公里，每年輸水量達 13-20 立方公里。不幸的是，運河漏水使沿途形成湖泊，並提升了地下水的水位，使廣泛土地遭到鹽害。
en: The desert is crossed by the second largest irrigation canal in the world, the Karakum Canal, which brings water from the Amu Darya to southern regions of the desert. Construction on the canal was started in 1954 and completed in 1958. It is 1,375 km in length, and carries 13-20 km³ of water annually. Leakages from the canal have created lakes and ponds along the canal and the rise in groundwater has caused widespread soil salination.
qas: question: zh_tw: 它能運輸什麼？
en: What does it carry?
answers: zh_tw: text: 輸水量達 13-20 立方公里
en: text: 13-20 km³ of water
光害
Light pollution

context: zh_tw: 有研究指出光害使得湖裡的浮游生物的生存受到威脅，如水蚤，因為光害會幫助藻類繁殖，製造紅潮，結果使湖裡的浮游生物死亡及汙染水質。光害亦可在其他方面影響生態平衡。舉例來說，鱗翅類學者及昆蟲學家指出夜裡的強光影響了飛蛾及其他夜行昆蟲的辨別方向的能力。這使得那些依靠夜行昆蟲來傳播花粉的植物因為得不到協助而難以繁衍，結果可能導致某些種類的植物在地球上消失，並在長遠而言破壞了整個生態環境。
en: Light pollution poses a serious threat in particular to nocturnal wildlife, having negative impacts on plant and animal physiology. It can confuse animal navigation, alter competitive interactions, change predator-prey relations, and cause physiological harm. The rhythm of life is orchestrated by the natural diurnal patterns of light and dark, so disruption to these patterns impacts the ecological dynamics.Studies suggest that light pollution around lakes prevents zooplankton, such as Daphnia, from eating surface algae, causing algal blooms that can kill off the lakes' plants and lower water quality. Light pollution may also affect ecosystems in other ways. For example, lepidopterists and entomologists have documented that nighttime light may interfere with the ability of moths and other nocturnal insects to navigate. Night-blooming flowers that depend on moths for pollination may be affected by night lighting, as there is no replacement pollinator that would not be affected by the artificial light. This can lead to species decline of plants that are unable to reproduce, and change an area's longterm ecology. Among nocturnal insects, fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae, Phengodidae and Elateridae) are especially interesting study objects for light pollution, once they depend on their own light to reproduce and, consequently, are very sensitive to environmental levels of light. Fireflies are charismatic (which is a rare quality among insects) and are easily spotted by nonexperts, and, due to their sensibility and rapid response to environmental changes, good bioindicators for artificial night lighting. Massive insect declines have been suggested as being at least partially mediated by artificial lights at night.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一件事會危害生態系統？
en: What is one thing that can affect ecosystems?
answers: zh_tw: text: 光害
en: text: Light pollution
守護者 (電影)
Watchmen (film)

context: zh_tw: 另一方面，羅夏和夜梟兩人深入探查此陰謀計劃，發現安卓林是真正的幕後主謀，而前往智謀者的南極基地。出發前羅夏將調查日誌記錄，投至報社辦公室。找到智謀者，坦承他是謀殺笑匠的人、曼哈頓博士的流亡與陷害羅夏入獄，全都是他一手策劃，甚至安排刺殺事件來排除自身嫌疑。他解釋此項計劃，全是為了結束美國與蘇聯間的冷戰關係，避免核戰爆發毀滅世界，而使用曼哈頓博士先前所提供的能量，預謀大規模爆炸攻擊世界各大主要城市，再歸罪於他。羅夏與夜梟企圖阻止，但計劃早在他們抵達前就已啟動。各地遭到嚴重爆炸攻擊後，美國政府官方探測能量是出於曼哈頓博士，最終智謀者的計劃成功，敵對兩國願意結束冷戰，合作把目標轉向所謂「共同的敵人」。
en: Investigating the conspiracy, Rorschach and Dreiberg discover that Veidt is behind everything. Rorschach records his suspicions in his journal, which he drops off at the publication office of the New Frontiersman, a right-wing tabloid. Rorschach and Dreiberg confront Veidt at his Antarctic retreat. Veidt admits to being responsible for Blake's murder, Manhattan's exile, Rorschach's framing, and his own assassination attempt. He explains that his plan is to unify the U.S. and U.S.S.R. by destroying the world's main cities with exploding energy reactors generating a Radioactive Decay Signature similar to that produced by Dr. Manhattan. Rorschach and Dreiberg attempt to stop him, but Veidt subdues them both and reveals that his plan has already been set into motion: The reactors already detonated, and the Decay Signatures are recognized as Dr. Manhattan's, leaving the world powers to assume he caused the attack.
qas: question: zh_tw: 魏德特的計劃是什麼？
en: What is Viedt's plan?
answers: zh_tw: text: 結束美國與蘇聯間的冷戰關係
en: text: unify the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
法赫魯丁・阿里・艾哈邁德
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

context: zh_tw: 法赫魯丁・阿里・艾哈邁德的祖父 Khaliluddin・阿里・艾哈邁德來自於阿薩姆邦戈拉加特附近的 Kacharighat，迎娶了 in one of the families who were the relics of Emperor Aurangzeb's bid to conquer 阿薩姆艾哈邁德出生於 1905 年 5 月 13 日，出生地點是印度德里的 Hauz Qazi 地區。他的父親 Zalnur・阿里上校迎娶了德里 Nawab of Loharu 的女兒。艾哈邁德是來自阿薩姆邦的穆斯林望族。
en: Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was born on 13 May 1905 at the Hauz Qazi area of Old Delhi, India. His father, Col. Zalnur Ali Ahmed, was the first indigenous Assamese person and the first indigenous person from northeast India to have an M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) degree. His mother, Sahibzadi Ruqaiyya Sultan, was a daughter of the Nawab of Loharu. Ahmed's grandfather, Khaliluddin Ali Ahmed, was from Kacharighat near Golaghat, Assam, and hailed from a well-known indigenous Assamese Muslim family. He married with an indigenous Assamese Muslim girl named Begam Abida Ahmed of Assam.Ahmed attended St. Stephen's College, Delhi, and St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He was called to the Bar from the Inner Temple of London and began legal practice in the Lahore High Court in 1928.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰有一個阿薩姆父親？
en: Who had an Assamese father?
answers: zh_tw: text: 法赫魯丁・阿里・艾哈邁德
en: text: Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
印度民族起義
Indian Rebellion of 1857

context: zh_tw: 1857 年 5 月 9 日，第 3 輕騎兵團 85 名印度士兵因拒絕使用子彈，英國人把他們關進牢獄，判處 10 年苦役。這懲處觸怒了他們的夥伴，5 月 10 日，處於密拉特的孟加拉部隊第 11 輕騎兵團和 20 輕騎兵團率先暴動，救出第三輕騎兵團士兵，並攻擊歐洲人居住區。他們擊斃了英國軍官，殺死所見到的歐洲人和土著基督教徒，並燒燬房子。在密特拉的英國兵共有 2083 人及 12 門野戰炮，印度兵則有 2500 餘人。當地的英國軍官也許覺得可以控制局勢，並沒有通知其他地方的英國守軍，英軍的指揮失誤加上行動緩慢，印度兵的騎兵團部隊得以向首都德里勝利進軍。印度士氣大振。
en: At Meerut, a large military cantonment, 2,357 Indian sepoys and 2,038 British soldiers were stationed along with 12 British-manned guns. The station held one of the largest concentrations of British troops in India and this was later to be cited as evidence that the original rising was a spontaneous outbreak rather than a pre-planned plot.Although the state of unrest within the Bengal Army was well known, on 24 April Lieutenant Colonel George Carmichael-Smyth, the unsympathetic commanding officer of the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry, ordered 90 of his men to parade and perform firing drills. All except five of the men on parade refused to accept their cartridges. On 9 May, the remaining 85 men were court martialled, and most were sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment with hard labour. Eleven comparatively young soldiers were given five years' imprisonment. The entire garrison was paraded and watched as the condemned men were stripped of their uniforms and placed in shackles. As they were marched off to jail, the condemned soldiers berated their comrades for failing to support them.
qas: question: zh_tw: 5 月 9 日，有多少人受到軍事審判？
en: How many men were court martialled on May 9th?
answers: zh_tw: text: 85
en: text: 85
米哈拉布
Mihrab

context: zh_tw: “米哈拉布” 一詞最初並沒有宗教含義，只是指建築內的一間特殊的房間，例如一座宮殿內寶座所在的房間。《造物主的恩賜》一書（第 458 頁）權威地提出 “米哈拉布” 是 “諸王的至尊所在” 和 “所有地點中最大、最前、最尊者”。《伊斯蘭教清真寺》一書（第 213 頁）除了引用阿拉伯文獻以外，還引用德國學者特奧多爾・內爾德克和其他學者的觀點，認為 “米哈拉布” 最初指的就是寶座所在的房間。
en: The word mihrab originally had a non-religious meaning and simply denoted a special room in a house; a throne room in a palace, for example. The Fath al-Bari (p. 458), on the authority of others, suggests the mihrab is "the most honorable location of kings" and "the master of locations, the front and the most honorable." The Mosques in Islam (p. 13), in addition to Arabic sources, cites Theodor Nöldeke and others as having considered a mihrab to have originally signified a throne room.
qas: question: zh_tw: 「米哈拉布」一詞最初是什麼意思？
en: What did the word mihrab orginally mean?
answers: zh_tw: text: 沒有宗教含義，只是指建築內的一間特殊的房間，例如一座宮殿內寶座所在的房間
en: text: a non-religious meaning and simply denoted a special room in a house; a throne room in a palace
奧林匹克運動會獨聯體代表團
Unified Team at the Olympics

context: zh_tw: 獨立國協有時被非正式地稱為 CIS 隊 (獨立國家聯合體，因為以獨聯體國家足球隊名義參加 1992 年歐洲足球錦標賽), 雖然喬治亞直到 1993 年才加入。
en: (except the Baltic states) at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The IOC country code was EUN, after the French name, Équipe unifiée.  The Unified Team was sometimes informally called the CIS Team (Commonwealth of Independent States, as a counterpart of CIS national football team taking part in Euro 1992 of the same year), although Georgia did not join the CIS until 1993.
qas: question: zh_tw: 聯隊的另一個名稱是什麼？
en: What is the other name for the Unified Team?
answers: zh_tw: text: 獨立國協有時被非正式地稱為 CIS 隊
en: text: CIS Team

context: zh_tw: 當一個以 EUN 參賽的個人獲得獎牌，是他的所在國的國旗升起而非奧運會旗，也會奏起金牌得主所在國家的國歌而非奧運會歌。EUN 團體賽部分則是繼續在所有儀式上升起奧林匹克旗幟和奏奧林匹克會歌。
en: During the Winter Olympics, the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the constituent countries had not yet been affiliated to the IOC, so the Olympic Flag was used in place of a national flag at the Opening Ceremony and at medals ceremonies, and the Olympic Hymn was played for gold medallists.  By the time of the Summer Olympics, the NOCs had affiliated separately, though they fielded a joint team with a standard uniform as Olympic qualifying rounds had been completed before the final demise of the Soviet Union.  Where an EUN individual won a medal, the national flag of the medallist's nation was raised rather than the Olympic flag, and a gold medallist's national anthem was played rather than the Olympic Hymn.  In team sports, the EUN team continued to use the Olympic flag and the Olympic Hymn, as team members represented different nations.
qas: question: zh_tw: 當 EUN 人以個人獲得獎牌，會升起什麼旗幟？
en: What flag was raised when a EUN person won a medal?
answers: zh_tw: text: 所在國的國旗
en: text: national flag of the medallist's nation
克萊夫・歐文
Clive Owen

context: zh_tw: 克萊夫・歐文（英語：Clive Owen，1964 年 10 月 3 日－）是一名英國演員，曾經獲得金球獎以及英國電影和電視藝術學院獎。
en: Clive Owen (born 3 October 1964) is an English actor. He first gained recognition in the United Kingdom for playing the lead role in the ITV series Chancer from 1990 to 1991. He received critical acclaim for his work in the film Close My Eyes (1991) before earning international attention for his performance as a struggling writer in Croupier (1998). In 2005, he won a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the drama Closer (2004).
qas: question: zh_tw: 克萊夫・歐文
en: What is the nationality of Clive Owen?
answers: zh_tw: text: Owen，1964 年 10 月 3 日－）是一名英國演員，曾經獲得金球獎以及英國電影和電視藝術學院獎。
en: text: English
阿耳忒彌斯
Artemis

context: zh_tw: 阿耳忒彌斯在整個希臘的森林和山區、阿卡迪亞、斯巴達和拉科尼亞等地均受到敬奉，同時也受到了克里特島和小亞細亞人的崇拜。她最著名的神殿坐落於土耳其以弗所，是被列為古代世界七大奇蹟之一的阿耳忒彌斯神廟，但於公元前 356 年被縱火犯赫洛斯塔圖斯給焚燬。
en: Artemis was one of the most widely venerated of the Ancient Greek deities and her temple at Ephesus was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Artemis' symbols included a bow and arrow, a quiver and hunting knives and the deer and the cypress were sacred to her. The goddess Diana is her Roman equivalent.
qas: question: zh_tw: 阿耳忒彌斯是誰？
en: Who is Artemis?
answers: zh_tw: text: 古代世界七大奇蹟之一的阿耳忒彌斯神
en: text: Ancient Greek deities
美國銀行
Bank of America

context: zh_tw: 1958 年，該行發明了銀行信用卡，稱為美國銀行卡（BankAmericard），該卡 1976 年改名為威士卡（Visa Card）。 一批其他的加利福尼亞州銀行聯合發行了萬事達卡（MasterCard）來與美國銀行卡競爭。
en: New technologies also allowed the direct linking of credit cards with individual bank accounts. In 1958, the bank introduced the BankAmericard, which changed its name to Visa in 1977.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1958 年引進了什麼？
en: What was introduced in 1958?
answers: zh_tw: text: 美國銀行卡（BankAmericard）
en: text: BankAmericard
挪威語維基百科
Norwegian Wikipedia

context: zh_tw: 於 2007 年 2 月書面挪威文維基百科的條目量超過 100,000，新挪威語維基百科則超過 20,000。挪威文維基百科和芬蘭語維基百科的條目量非常接近，經常徘徊於第 13 名至 14 名，雙方已於排行榜交換位置好幾次，如於 2007 年 9 月至 11 月期間，它們的位置就交換了三次。
en: By February 2007, the Bokmål/Riksmål edition had over 100,000 articles and the Nynorsk site had over 20,000 articles. In February 2006, the Bokmål/Riksmål edition became the thirteenth Wikipedia to have more than 50,000 articles, and one year later it was the fourteenth to reach 100,000. After the Finnish Wikipedia surpassed it in April 2006 it was once again the 14th largest Wikipedia by article count. However, in September 2007, the Bokmål/Riksmål Wikipedia surpassed the Finnish, and has since then been the 13th largest Wikipedia. As of June 1, 2010, the Bokmål/Riksmål contains more than 260,000 articles, while the Nynorsk version contains over 57,000.
qas: question: zh_tw: 2007 年，新挪威語維基百科上有多少條目量？
en: In 2007 how many articles were on the Nynorsk site?
answers: zh_tw: text: 20,000
en: text: 20,000
下載
Download

context: zh_tw: 下載在計算機網路中指從一個遠端系統接收資料，該系統通常為一個伺服器，例如網頁伺服器、FTP 伺服器、電子郵件伺服器，或者其他的類似系統。與之相對的是上傳（也稱上載），它是指將資料傳送到遠端的伺服器。
en: In computer networks, download means to receive data from a remote system, typically a server such as a web server, an FTP server, an email server, or other similar systems. This contrasts with uploading, where data is sent to a remote server.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在談到計算機時，下載是什麼意思？
en: When speaking in terms of computers, what does it mean to download?
answers: zh_tw: text: 從一個遠端系統接收資料
en: text: to receive data from a remote system
周蜜
Zhou Mi (badminton)

context: zh_tw: 周蜜（Zhou Mi，1979 年 2 月 18 日－），中國廣西南寧出生，原中國國家女子羽毛球隊成員，後移居香港，並代表中國香港參加國際賽事。個人最高世界排名第 1 位，曾奪得雅典奧運女子羽毛球單打銅牌。
en: Zhou Mi (Chinese: 周蜜; pinyin: Zhōu Mì; Jyutping: zau1 mat6; born February 18, 1979 in Nanning, Guangxi) is a Chinese female badminton player. During much of her career she represented the People's Republic of China, but since 2007 she has represented Hong Kong which has a sports program and teams independent from those of the mainland. In 2010, she received a 2-year ban, for failing a drugs test.
qas: question: zh_tw: 周蜜是誰？
en: Who is Zhou Mi?
answers: zh_tw: text: 女子羽毛球隊成員
en: text: Chinese female badminton player.
波特蘭 (俄勒岡州)
Portland, Oregon

context: zh_tw: 波特蘭最重要的日報是《俄勒岡人報》。《威拉米特週報》是都市地區最重要的週報。此外還有其他週報、雙週刊和月刊，以及經濟和藝術雜誌。
en: The Oregonian is the only daily general-interest newspaper serving Portland. It also circulates throughout the state and in Clark County, Washington.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼報紙在波特蘭流通？
en: What newspaper circulates around Portland?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《俄勒岡人報》
en: text: The Oregonian
夏雅雯
Harriet Harman

context: zh_tw: 哈曼出生於倫敦哈利街 108 號 [1]。她的母親安娜・哈曼（孃家姓斯派塞）是一位律師，她的父親約翰・畢曉普・哈曼是一位哈利街的醫生。 哈曼的雙親都有非英國國教徒背景 —— 她的爺爺眼外科醫生納撒尼爾・畢曉普・哈曼是著名的一位論者， 外祖斯派塞家族是眾所周知的公理會信徒。她的姑母是歷史學家朗福德伯爵夫人伊麗莎白・帕克納姆，表親包括作家安東尼婭・佛雷澤、蕾切爾・瑪麗・布林頓，以及歷史學家朗福德伯爵托馬斯・帕克納姆。哈曼也是約瑟夫・張伯倫和內維爾・張伯倫的遠親。
en: John Bishop Harman, a Harley Street physician and his wife Anna née Spicer, a solicitor. Anna Harman was the Liberal Party candidate for Hertford in the 1964 General Election. Her parents each had non-conformist backgrounds – her paternal grandfather Nathaniel Bishop Harman, an ophthalmic surgeon, was a prominent Unitarian and the Spicer family were well known Congregationalists. Her paternal aunt was Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford (née Harman), and her cousins include the writers Lady Antonia Fraser (née Pakenham, a first cousin), Rachel Billington, and Thomas Pakenham. Harman is a great-great niece of the Liberal statesman  Joseph Chamberlain and is also related to Richard Chamberlain, MP.
qas: question: zh_tw: 安娜・哈曼的姑母是誰？
en: Who was Anna harmans paternal aunt?
answers: zh_tw: text: 伊麗莎白・帕克納姆
en: text: Elizabeth Pakenham
卡累利阿共和國
Republic of Karelia

context: zh_tw: 根據 2010 年的人口普查，俄羅斯族佔了全共和國人口數的 82.2%，卡累利阿族 7.4%。其他包括白俄羅斯族 (3.8%)、烏克蘭族 (2%)、芬蘭族 (1.4%)、維普森族 (0.5%)，以及其他眾多少數民族，其人口數皆不到總人口數的 0.5％。
en: According to the 2010 Census, ethnic Russians make up 82.2% of the republic's population, ethnic Karelians 7.4%. Other groups include Belarusians (3.8%), Ukrainians (2%), Finns (1.4%), Vepsians (0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰佔俄羅斯人口的大多數？
en: Who makes up the majority of Russia's population?
answers: zh_tw: text: 根據 2010 年的人口普查，俄羅斯族佔了全共和國人口數的 82.2%，卡累利阿族
en: text: ethnic Russians
阿里・本・阿比・塔利卜
Ali

context: zh_tw: 661 年賴買丹月的 19 日，阿里在庫法的一所清真寺內進行禮拜，哈瓦利及派的阿布杜・拉赫曼・伊本・穆勒傑姆（Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam）以一柄淬毒的刀劍行刺阿里。阿里被毒劍所傷，在兩天後逝世。
en: On 19 Ramadan AH 40, which would correspond to 26 January 661, while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, Ali was attacked by the Kharijite Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam. He was wounded by ibn Muljam's poison-coated sword while prostrating in the Fajr prayer. 'Ali ordered his sons not to attack the Kharijites, instead stipulating that if he survived, ibn Muljam would be pardoned whereas if he died, ibn Muljam should be given only one equal hit (regardless of whether or not he died from the hit). 'Ali died two days later on 29 January 661 (21 Ramadan AH 40). Al-Hasan fulfilled Qisas and gave equal punishment to ibn Muljam upon Ali's death.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰襲擊了阿里？
en: Who attacked Ali?
answers: zh_tw: text: 661 年賴買丹月的 19 日，阿里在庫法的一所清真寺內進行禮拜，哈瓦利及派的阿布杜・拉赫曼・伊本・穆勒傑姆（Abd-al-Rahman
en: text: Kharijite Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam
託萊多省
Province of Toledo

context: zh_tw: 托萊多省（西班牙語：Provincia de Toledo，西班牙語發音：[toˈleðo]）為西班牙中部的一個省份，位於卡斯蒂利亞 - 拉曼恰自治區的西部。它的周圍有馬德里省、昆卡省、雷阿爾城省、巴達霍斯省、卡塞雷斯省、以及阿維拉省。首府為托萊多，也是整個自治區的首府。
en: Toledo is a province of central Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha. It is bordered by the provinces of Madrid, Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Badajoz, Cáceres, and Ávila. Its capital is the city of Toledo.
qas: question: zh_tw: 是哪個地方的首府？
en: Is is the capital of where?
answers: zh_tw: text: 托萊多
en: text: Toledo
鑀
Einsteinium

context: zh_tw: 鑀已知共有 19 種同位素及 3 種同核異構體，原子量從 240 到 258 不等。它們全都具有放射性，其中最穩定的同位素為 252Es，半衰期為 471.7 天。其他較穩定的同位素包括 254Es（半衰期為 275.7 天）、255Es（39.8 天）及 253Es（20.47 天）。其餘所有的同位素半衰期都在 40 小時以下，大部分的在 30 分鐘以下。三種同核異構體中，最穩定的為 254mEs，其半衰期為 39.3 小時。
en: Nineteen nuclides and three nuclear isomers are known for einsteinium with atomic weights ranging from 240 to 258. All are radioactive and the most stable nuclide, 252Es, has a half-life of 471.7 days. Next most stable isotopes are 254Es (half-life 275.7 days), 255Es (39.8 days) and 253Es (20.47 days). All of the remaining isotopes have half-lives shorter than 40 hours, and most of them decay within less than 30 minutes. Of the three nuclear isomers, the most stable is 254mEs with half-life of 39.3 hours.
qas: question: zh_tw: 254mEs 的半衰期為多久？
en: What is teh half life of 254mEs?
answers: zh_tw: text: 39.3 小時
en: text: 39.3 hours