zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
原生生物
Protist

context: zh_tw: 生物分類學中對原生生物的分類依舊在發生變化，較新的分類嘗試基於超微結構、生物化學和基因學層面使其指代單系群的生物。由於原生生物整體來看是並系群，因此如上所述的分類方法會使現有的界分類分裂或者被棄用，而不能將原生生物作為真核生物裡的一個單獨的支線。由 Adl et al. (2005) 最近提出的一個方案既不會干擾生物分類學的正式分類，又可以將生物體編入一個分級編目中，這使得生物分類在相當長的一段時間內可以變得更穩定並易於更新。原生生物分類中有一些被認為是門分類的已經在本文右側的資訊框中列出，其中有很多被認為是單系群，但是目前仍缺乏證實。例如古蟲界生物可能不是單系群的，又例如只有當定鞭藻門和隱藻門被排除在外時，囊泡藻界生物才能說是單系群的。
en: The taxonomy of protists is still changing. Newer classifications attempt to present monophyletic groups based on morphological (especially ultrastructural), biochemical (chemotaxonomy) and DNA sequence (molecular research) information. However, there are sometimes discordances between molecular and morphological investigations; these can be categorized as two types: (i) one morphology, multiple lineages (e.g. morphological convergence, cryptic species) and (ii) one lineage, multiple morphologies (e.g. phenotypic plasticity, multiple life-cycle stages).Because the protists as a whole are paraphyletic, new systems often split up or abandon the kingdom, instead treating the protist groups as separate lines of eukaryotes. The recent scheme by Adl et al. (2005) does not recognize formal ranks (phylum, class, etc.) and instead treats groups as clades of phylogenetically related organisms. This is intended to make the classification more stable in the long term and easier to update. Some of the main groups of protists, which may be treated as phyla, are listed in the taxobox, upper right. Many are thought to be monophyletic, though there is still uncertainty. For instance, the Excavata are probably not monophyletic and the chromalveolates are probably only monophyletic if the haptophytes and cryptomonads are excluded.
qas: question: zh_tw: 挖掘的一個特點是什麼？
en: What is one characteristic of the Excavata?
answers: zh_tw: text: 不是單系群
en: text: not monophyletic
奇琴伊察
Chichen Itza

context: zh_tw: 1839 年，美國旅行作家本傑明・諾曼（Benjamin Norman），以及第二年的約翰・羅伊德・施特芬斯（John Lloyd Stephens）到奇琴伊察進行了考察並發表了記錄。之後的幾十年裡其他的探險隊對遺蹟進行了更多的考察。1895 年美國駐尤卡坦副領事愛德華・赫伯特・湯普森（Edward Herbert Thompson）購買了包括奇琴伊察遺址在內的奇琴莊園（Hacienda Chichen），並接下來花了 30 年時間對其進行業餘興致的考古挖掘，並從聖井中打撈出了第一批手工藝品。卡內基研究院和墨西哥政府在從 1924 年起的 20 年裡，由 Sylvanus Morley 帶領對遺蹟進行了發掘和修復，包括對武士神廟的修復。1961 年和 1967 年，墨西哥國家人類學與歷史學研究所（INAH）對聖井進行了兩次打撈。1980 年後，INAH 對更多的建築進行了發掘和修復。
en: Chichen Itza entered the popular imagination in 1843 with the book Incidents of Travel in Yucatan by John Lloyd Stephens (with illustrations by Frederick Catherwood). The book recounted Stephens' visit to Yucatán and his tour of Maya cities, including Chichén Itzá. The book prompted other explorations of the city. In 1860, Désiré Charnay surveyed Chichén Itzá and took numerous photographs that he published in Cités et ruines américaines (1863).
qas: question: zh_tw: 這本書的結果是什麼？
en: What was an outcome of the book?
answers: zh_tw: text: 之後的幾十年裡其他的探險隊對遺蹟進行了更多的考察。
en: text: prompted other explorations of the city

question: zh_tw: 湯普森探索過哪個古城？
en: Which ancient city was explored by Thompson?
answers: zh_tw: text: Thompson）購買了包括奇琴伊察遺址在內的奇琴莊園（Hacienda

context: en: In 1894 the United States Consul to Yucatán, Edward Herbert Thompson, purchased the Hacienda Chichén, which included the ruins of Chichen Itza. For 30 years, Thompson explored the ancient city. His discoveries included the earliest dated carving upon a lintel in the Temple of the Initial Series and the excavation of several graves in the Osario (High Priest's Temple). Thompson is most famous for dredging the Cenote Sagrado (Sacred Cenote) from 1904 to 1910, where he recovered artifacts of gold, copper and carved jade, as well as the first-ever examples of what were believed to be pre-Columbian Maya cloth and wooden weapons. Thompson shipped the bulk of the artifacts to the Peabody Museum at Harvard University.
qas: question: zh_tw: 湯普森探索過哪個古城？
answers: en: text: Chichen Itza
詹姆斯・普雷斯科特・焦耳
James Prescott Joule

context: zh_tw: 詹姆斯・普雷斯科特・焦耳，FPS，ForMemRS，HonFRS（英語：James Prescott Joule，1818 年 12 月 24 日－1889 年 10 月 12 日），英國物理學家。在研究熱的本質時，發現了熱和功之間的轉換關係，並由此得到了能量守恆定律，並在最終推匯出熱力學第一定律。而國際單位制匯出單位中，能量的單位之一 —— 焦耳，就是以他的名字命名。他和開爾文合作發展了溫度的絕對尺度。他還觀測過磁致伸縮效應，借而發現了導體電阻、透過導體電流及其產生熱能之間的關係，也就是常稱的焦耳定律。
en: James Prescott Joule  (; 24 December 1818 –  11 October 1889) was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire. Joule studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work (see energy). This led to the law of conservation of energy, which in turn led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI derived unit of energy, the joule, is named after him.
qas: question: zh_tw: 由能量守恆定律推匯出什麼第一定律？
en: What first law resulted from the evolution of the law of conservation of energy?
answers: zh_tw: text: 熱力學第一定律
en: text: law of thermodynamics
百慕達元
Bermudian dollar

context: zh_tw: 百慕達元 （貨幣編號: BMD）是百慕達的流通貨幣。輔幣單位為分，1 元 = 100 分。於 1970 年開始發行。百慕達元以一兌一的兌換率與美元掛鉤。
en: The Bermudian dollar (symbol: $; code: BMD; also abbreviated BD$; informally called the Bermuda dollar) is the official currency of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda.  It is subdivided into 100 cents. The Bermudian dollar is not normally traded outside Bermuda, and is pegged to the United States dollar at a one-to-one ratio.  Both currencies circulate in Bermuda on an equal basis.
qas: question: zh_tw: 它細分為多少分？
en: How many cents is it subdivided into?
answers: zh_tw: text: 100
en: text: 100
軍艦
Warship

context: zh_tw: 軍用艦船，簡稱軍艦，是列入海軍或其他軍兵種編制，用於完成戰鬥任務和保障任務的戰鬥艦艇和特種艦艇，現代軍艦一般裝有導彈、火炮、魚雷、水雷、反潛武器。17 世紀中葉，開始依甲板層數和火炮數量給戰艦分級。一，二，三級艦火力力量強，作戰時排成一線戰列進行射擊，故稱戰列艦，它們構成海軍的基本戰鬥核心；四，五級艦火力較弱，但航速較快，被稱為巡防艦，其使命是進行偵察和在海運航線上活動；六級艦主要用於通訊勤務。
en: Modern warships are generally divided into seven main categories, which are: aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, frigates, corvettes, submarines and amphibious assault ships. Battleships comprise an eighth category, but are not in current service with any navy in the world. Only the deactivated American Iowa-class battleships still exist as potential combatants, and battleships in general are unlikely to re-emerge as a ship class without redefinition. The destroyer is generally regarded as the dominant surface-combat vessel of most modern blue-water navies. However, the once distinct roles and appearances of cruisers, destroyers, frigates, and corvettes have blurred. Most vessels have come to be armed with a mix of anti-surface, anti-submarine and anti-aircraft weapons. Class designations no longer reliably indicate a displacement hierarchy, and the size of all vessel types has grown beyond the definitions used earlier in the 20th century. Another key differentiation between older and modern vessels is that all modern warships are "soft", without the thick armor and bulging anti-torpedo protection of World War II and older designs.
qas: question: zh_tw: 現代軍艦可以分為幾類？
en: How many categories are modern warships divided into?
answers: zh_tw: text: 7
en: text: seven
世界標準日
World Standards Day

context: zh_tw: 世界標準日於每年的 10 月 14 日在世界各地慶祝。這個節日始於 1970 年，目的是為了向所有自願為標準化做出貢獻的數千名專家致上敬意。參與活動的標準化組織包括：國際電工委員會（IEC）, 國際標準化組織（ISO），國際電信聯盟（ITU）, 電氣電子工程師學會（IEEE）以及 網際網路工程任務組（IETF）。世界標準日的目的是提升機構、工業及消費者對於標準化對全球經濟的重要性意識。
en: World Standards Day (or International Standards Day) is celebrated internationally each year on 14 October. The day honours the efforts of the thousands of experts who develop voluntary standards within standards development organizations such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), International Organization for Standardization (ISO),  International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The aim of World Standards Day is to raise awareness among regulators, industry and consumers as to the importance of standardization to the global economy.
qas: question: zh_tw: 10 月 14 日用來慶祝什麼節日？
en: What holiday is celebrated on October 14th?
answers: zh_tw: text: 世界標準日
en: text: World Standards Day
雅拉國家公園
Yala National Park

context: zh_tw: 雅拉國家公園分為 5 個區域，其中兩個現向公眾開放，每區又有各自獨立的名稱，例如第一區又名 Ruhuna 國家公園。雅拉國家公園內有許多不同的生態系統。
en: Yala (යාල) National Park is the most visited and second largest national park in Sri Lanka, bordering the Indian Ocean. The park consists of five blocks, two of which are now open to the public, and also adjoining parks. The blocks have individual names such as, Ruhuna National Park (Block 1), and Kumana National Park or 'Yala East' for the adjoining area. It is situated in the southeast region of the country, and lies in Southern Province and Uva Province. The park covers 979 square kilometres (378 sq mi) and is located about 300 kilometres (190 mi) from Colombo. Yala was designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1900, and, along with Wilpattu was one of the first two national parks in Sri Lanka, having been designated in 1938. The park is best known for its variety of wild animals. It is important for the conservation of Sri Lankan elephants, Sri Lankan leopards and aquatic birds.
qas: question: zh_tw: 它由幾個區組成？
en: How many blocks does it consist of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 5
en: text: five
原子軌道
Atomic orbital

context: zh_tw: 原子軌域（德語：atomorbital；英語：atomic orbital），又稱軌態，是以數學函式描述原子中電子似波行為。此波函式可用來計算在原子核外的特定空間中，找到原子中電子的機率，並指出電子在三維空間中的可能位置。「軌域」便是指在波函式界定下，電子在原子核外空間出現機率較大的區域。具體而言，原子軌域是在環繞著一個原子的許多電子（電子雲）中，個別電子可能的量子態，並以軌域波函式描述。
en: In atomic theory and quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus. The term atomic orbital may also refer to the physical region or space where the electron can be calculated to be present, as defined by the particular mathematical form of the orbital.Each orbital in an atom is characterized by a unique set of values of the three quantum numbers n, ℓ, and m, which respectively correspond to the electron's energy, angular momentum, and an angular momentum vector component (the magnetic quantum number). Each such orbital can be occupied by a maximum of two electrons, each with its own spin quantum number s. The simple names s orbital, p orbital, d orbital and f orbital refer to orbitals with angular momentum quantum number ℓ = 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. These names, together with the value of n, are used to describe the electron configurations of atoms. They are derived from the description by early spectroscopists of certain series of alkali metal spectroscopic lines as sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental. Orbitals for ℓ > 3 continue alphabetically, omitting j (g, h, i, k, ...) because some languages do not distinguish between the letters "i" and "j".Atomic orbitals are the basic building blocks of the atomic orbital model (alternatively known as the electron cloud or wave mechanics model), a modern framework for visualizing the submicroscopic behavior of electrons in matter. In this model the electron cloud of a multi-electron atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product of simpler hydrogen-like atomic orbitals. The repeating periodicity of the blocks of 2, 6, 10, and 14 elements within sections of the periodic table arises naturally from the total number of electrons that occupy a complete set of s, p, d and f atomic orbitals, respectively, although for higher values of the quantum number n, particularly when the atom in question bears a positive charge, the energies of certain sub-shells become very similar and so the order in which they are said to be populated by electrons (e.g. Cr = [Ar]4s13d5 and Cr2+ = [Ar]3d4) can only be rationalized somewhat arbitrarily.
qas: question: zh_tw: 原子論幫助找到什麼周圍的電子？
en: The atomic theory helps find electron around what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 原子核
en: text: atom's nucleus
阿爾西亞山
Arsia Mons

context: zh_tw: 阿爾西亞山（Arsia Mons）是火星上的巨大盾狀火山，塔爾西斯三座火山之一，東北邊是帕弗尼斯山和艾斯克雷爾斯山， 而全太陽系最高的山：奧林帕斯山就在西北邊。命名取用自喬範尼・斯基亞帕雷利的火星地圖，源自傳說中的羅馬森林阿爾西亞森林（Arsia Silva）。
en: Arsia Mons is the southernmost of three volcanos (collectively known as Tharsis Montes) on the Tharsis bulge near the equator of the planet Mars. To its north is Pavonis Mons, and north of that is Ascraeus Mons. The tallest volcano in the Solar System, Olympus Mons, is to its northwest. Its name comes from a corresponding albedo feature on a map by Giovanni Schiaparelli, which he named in turn after the legendary Roman forest of Arsia Silva.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰創造了一個描繪場所和物體位置的視覺作品？
en: Who created a visual work which depicts the location of places and objects?
answers: zh_tw: text: 命名取用自喬範尼・斯基亞帕雷利的火星地圖，源自傳說中的羅馬森林阿爾西亞森林（Arsia
en: text: Giovanni Schiaparelli
金奈
Chennai

context: zh_tw: 清奈地處熱帶並且沿海，這避免了劇烈的季節性溫度變化。一年中大部分時候，天氣都是炎熱潮溼。一年中最熱的時候是五月末、六月初，當地稱為 Agni Nakshatram（"fire star"）或 Kathiri Veyyil，最高氣溫約為 38-42° 攝氏度。一年中最寒冷的時候是一月，最低氣溫約為 19-20 攝氏度。有記錄的最低氣溫為 15.8 攝氏度，最高氣溫為 47.1 攝氏度。年平均降水量約為 1,300 毫米。該市大部分的季節性降雨來自於東北季風，從九月中旬到十二月中旬。孟加拉灣的旋風不時也會襲擊該市。
en: Chennai has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen: Aw). The city lies on the thermal equator and is also on the coast, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. The hottest part of the year is late May to early June, known regionally as Agni Nakshatram ("fire star") or as Kathiri Veyyil, with maximum temperatures around 35–40 °C (95–104 °F). The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around 19–25 °C (66–77 °F). The lowest recorded temperature was 13.9 °C (57.0 °F) on 11 December 1895 and 29 January 1905. The highest recorded temperature was 45 °C (113 °F) on 31 May 2003. The average annual rainfall is about 140 cm (55 in).The city gets most of its seasonal rainfall from the north–east monsoon winds, from mid–October to mid–December. Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal sometimes hit the city. The highest annual rainfall recorded is 257 cm (101 in) in 2005. Prevailing winds in Chennai are usually southwesterly between April and October and north-easterly during the rest of the year. Historically, Chennai has relied on the annual rains of the monsoon season to replenish water reservoirs, as no major rivers flow through the area. Chennai has a water table at 2 metres for 60 percent of the year.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪些天氣現象在金奈頗常見？
en: Which weather phenomenons are somewhat common in Chennai?
answers: zh_tw: text: 旋風
en: text: Cyclones
2015 年 4 月尼泊爾地震
April 2015 Nepal earthquake

context: zh_tw: 2015 年尼泊爾地震（又稱喜馬拉雅山地震）發生於尼泊爾標準時間（UTC+5:45）2015 年 4 月 25 日（星期六）11 時 56 分 25 秒，震央位於北緯 28 度 8 分 49.2 秒、東經 84 度 42 分 28.8 秒，行政區屬於尼泊爾甘達基專區廓爾喀縣，約在拉姆瓊縣縣治貝西薩哈東南偏東 34 公里處，矩震級為 7.8Mw，面波震級為 8.1Ms，最大烈度為 IX 級（強烈）。這場地震成為繼 1934 年地震後襲擊該國的最強烈地震。7600 多人在此次地震中喪生。受波及範圍包括尼泊爾、印度北部、巴基斯坦、孟加拉國、不丹和中國西藏部分割槽域。本次地震還造成珠穆朗瑪峰向西南偏移了 3 釐米。
en: This earthquake caused avalanches on Mount Everest. At least 19 died, with at least 120 others injured or missing.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼會導致雪崩？
en: What can cause an avalanche?
answers: zh_tw: text: 地震
en: text: earthquake
聯合國環境署
United Nations Environment Programme

context: zh_tw: 聯合國環境署，又稱為聯合國環境規劃署（英語：United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP；或 UN Environment），是聯合國專責環境規劃的常設部門。它的任務在於協調聯合國的環境計劃、幫助發展中國家實施利於環境保護的政策以及鼓勵可持續發展，促進有利環境保護的措施。它是在 1972 年 6 月的聯合國人類環境會議上決定設立的。其總部設在肯亞首都奈洛比。它有六個地區辦公室（除總部外日內瓦、華盛頓、曼谷、巴拿馬城和麥納麥）以及在不同國家內設有國家辦公室。
en: The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), a programme of the United Nations, coordinates the organization's environmental activities and assists developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices. It was founded by Maurice Strong, its first director, as a result of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Conference) in June 1972 and has overall responsibility for environmental problems among United Nations agencies; however, international talks on specialized issues, such as addressing climate change or combating desertification, are overseen by other UN organizations, like the Bonn-based Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. UNEP's activities cover a wide range of issues regarding the atmosphere, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, environmental governance and green economy. It has played a significant role in developing international environmental conventions, promoting environmental science and information and illustrating the way those can be implemented in conjunction with policy, working on the development and implementation of policy with national governments, regional institutions in conjunction with environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs). UNEP has also been active in funding and implementing environment related development projects.
qas: question: zh_tw: 描述聯合國環境規劃署的首字母縮寫是什麼？
en: What is the acronym that describes the United Nations Environment Programme?
answers: zh_tw: text: UNEP；或
en: text: UNEP
滴蟲性陰道炎
Trichomoniasis

context: zh_tw: 2015 年約有 1.22 億個罹患滴蟲性陰道炎的新病例。在美國約有二百萬名女性受到感染，女性比男性容易罹患此病。陰道毛滴蟲（Trichomonas vaginalis）是在 1836 年由阿爾弗雷德・弗朗索瓦・多恩發現，到 1916 年時確認滴蟲性陰道炎是因為陰道毛滴蟲所引起。
en: Trichomoniasis (trich) is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. About 70% of women and men do not have symptoms when infected. When symptoms do occur they typically begin 5 to 28 days after exposure. Symptoms can include itching in the genital area, a bad smelling thin vaginal discharge, burning with urination, and pain with sex. Having trichomoniasis increases the risk of getting HIV/AIDS. It may also cause complications during pregnancy.Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) which is most often spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex. It can also spread through genital touching. People who are infected may spread the disease even when symptoms are not present. Diagnosis is by finding the parasite in the vaginal fluid using a microscope, culturing the vagina or urine, or testing for the parasite's DNA. If present other STIs should be tested for.Methods of prevention include not having sex, using condoms, not douching, and being tested for STIs before having sex with a new partner. Trichomoniasis can be cured with antibiotics, either metronidazole or tinidazole. Sexual partners should also be treated. About 20% of people get infected again within three months of treatment.There were about 122 million new cases of trichomoniasis in 2015. In the United States, there are about 2 million women affected. It occurs more often in women than men. Trichomonas vaginalis was first identified in 1836 by Alfred Donné. It was first recognized as causing this disease in 1916.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰發現了陰道毛滴蟲？
en: Who Identified Vaginailis?
answers: zh_tw: text: 阿爾弗雷德・弗朗索瓦・多恩
en: text: Alfred Donné
美國州份
U.S. state

context: zh_tw: 歷史上來說，州政府的主要責任範圍包括公眾安全（犯罪控制）、公眾教育、健康醫療、交通運輸和基礎建設等，但許多上述的專案現在都受到聯邦政府的資金補助和管理（主要是依據美國憲法中商業條款、稅收與支出條款和必要和適當條款）。
en: Historically, the tasks of local law enforcement, public education, public health, regulating intrastate commerce, and local transportation and infrastructure have generally been considered primarily state responsibilities, although all of these now have significant federal funding and regulation as well. Over time, the Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the federal government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a continuing debate over states' rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states' powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government and the rights of individuals.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰過去擁有公眾教育與安全的主要管轄權？
en: Who, in the past, has had the main jurisdiction over public education and public health
answers: zh_tw: text: 州政府
en: text: state
喬治・史密斯
George E. Smith

context: zh_tw: 喬治・史密斯（英語：George Elwood Smith，1930 年 5 月 10 日－），美國物理學家，2009 年諾貝爾物理學獎得主。
en: George Elwood Smith (born May 10, 1930) is an American scientist, applied physicist, and co-inventor of the charge-coupled device (CCD). He was awarded a one-quarter share in the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit—the CCD sensor, which has become an electronic eye in almost all areas of photography". In 2017, Smith was announced as one of four winners of the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering, for his contribution to the creation of digital imaging sensors.
qas: question: zh_tw: 喬治艾爾伍德的生日是什麼時候？
en: when is George Elwood's birthday?
answers: zh_tw: text: Smith，1930 年 5 月 10 日－），美國物理學家，2009 年諾貝爾物理學獎得主。
en: text: May 10, 1930
第 89 屆奧斯卡金像獎
89th Academy Awards

context: zh_tw: 第 89 屆奧斯卡金像獎（英語：89th Academy Awards）是美國電影藝術與科學學會為表彰 2016 年度傑出電影所頒發的獎項，頒獎典禮訂於太平洋標準時間 2017 年 2 月 26 日 17:30（北美東部標準時間 20:30）在美國加利福尼亞州洛杉磯好萊塢的杜比劇院舉行，共計頒發了 24 個類別的奧斯卡金像獎（也稱「學院獎」）。頒獎典禮由美國廣播公司（ABC）轉播，麥克・迪・盧卡和珍妮佛・陶德擔任製片人，電視節目主持人吉米・坎摩爾首次主持典禮。
en: The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2016, and took place on February 26, 2017, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, at 5:30 p.m. PST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd and directed by Glenn Weiss. Comedian Jimmy Kimmel hosted the ceremony for the first time.In related events, the Academy held its 8th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12, 2016. On February 11, 2017, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, the Academy Scientific and Technical Awards were presented by hosts John Cho and Leslie Mann.In the main ceremony, Moonlight won three awards including Best Picture, after La La Land was mistakenly announced as a winner, as well as Best Supporting Actor for Mahershala Ali. La La Land won six awards, the most for the evening, out of its record-tying fourteen nominations, including Best Actress for Emma Stone and Best Director for Damien Chazelle. Hacksaw Ridge and Manchester by the Sea won two awards each with Casey Affleck winning Best Actor for the latter. Viola Davis won the Best Supporting Actress honor for Fences. The telecast garnered 33 million viewers in the United States.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這頒獎典禮在哪一天舉行？
en: What day did the Awards take place?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2017 年 2 月 26 日
en: text: February 26, 2017
諾基亞產品列表
List of Nokia products

context: zh_tw: 諾基亞 3000 系列大部分是針對青年市場的中階手機。該系列中的部分型號是針對年輕的男性使用者，與男女皆宜商業導向的 6000 系列和女性化時尚導向的 7000 系列形成風格對比。
en: The Nokia 3000 series are mostly mid-range phones targeted towards the youth market. Some of the models in this series are targeted towards young emos, in contrast with the more unisex business-oriented 6000 series and the more feminine fashion-oriented 7000 series.
qas: question: zh_tw: 該型號是針對誰？
en: Who are the models targeted to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 年輕的男性使用者
en: text: young emos
安東尼・霍普金斯
Anthony Hopkins

context: zh_tw: 儘管在戲院中成功，霍普金斯並不喜歡天天飾演同樣角色的感覺，他希望演出電影。1968 年，他在電影中演出的機會終於來臨；他在《冬之獅》中扮演獅心王理查，這是他首部電影；在電影中他得以與彼得・奧圖、嘉芙蓮・協賓及蒂姆西・道爾頓合作。
en: Hopkins was nervous prior to going on stage, but since that night he has relaxed, quoting his mentor: "He [Olivier] said: 'Remember: nerves is [sic] vanity – you’re wondering what people think of you; to hell with them, just jump off the edge’. It was great advice.” Despite his success at the National, Hopkins tired of repeating the same roles nightly and yearned to be in films. He made his small-screen debut in a 1967 BBC broadcast of A Flea in Her Ear. His first starring role in a film came in 1964 in Changes, a short directed by Drewe Henley, written and produced by James Scott and co-starring Jacqueline Pearce. In 1968, he got his break in The Lion in Winter playing Richard the Lionheart. Although Hopkins continued in theatre (most notably at the National Theatre as Lambert Le Roux in Pravda by David Hare and Howard Brenton and as Antony in Antony and Cleopatra opposite Judi Dench as well as in the Broadway production of Peter Shaffer's Equus) he gradually moved away from it to become more established as a television and film actor. He portrayed Charles Dickens in the BBC television film The Great Inimitable Mr. Dickens in 1970, and Pierre Bezukhov in the BBC's mini series War and Peace (1972). Making a name for himself as a screen actor, in 1972 he starred as British politician David Lloyd George in Young Winston, and in 1977 he played British Army officer John Frost in the World War II-set film A Bridge Too Far. Both of these films were directed by Richard Attenborough, who described Hopkins as “unquestionably the greatest actor of his generation”.In 1978 he starred in the psychological horror film Magic about a demonic ventriloquist's puppet. In 1980, he starred in The Elephant Man as the English doctor Sir Frederick Treves, who attends to Joseph Merrick (portrayed by John Hurt), a severely deformed man in 19th century London. That year he also starred opposite Shirley MacLaine in A Change of Seasons and famously said "she was the most obnoxious actress I have ever worked with." In 1983, Hopkins also became a company member of The Mirror Theater Ltd's Repertory Company.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰希望演出電影？
en: Who wanted to be in movies?
answers: zh_tw: text: 霍普金斯
en: text: Hopkins
暮光之城：無懼的愛
Twilight (2008 film)

context: zh_tw: 在母親與一名棒球小聯盟的運動員再婚後，17 歲的 Bella Swan 離開亞利桑那繁華的菲尼克斯（鳳凰城）搬到華盛頓州的福克斯小鎮與父親同住。 在新的學校裡，Bella 跟其他同學很快就成為朋友，但她卻對 Cullen 家的神秘與孤僻感到好奇。在上學第一天的生物課上，Bella 便與 Edward Cullen 同桌。Edward 似乎對 Bella 充滿反感，這令 Bella 感到十分疑惑。幾天後，他們正式互相認識，Bella 放學時在校園的停車場上差點被一輛小貨車撞到，Edward 以難以置信的速度從幾米外跑到了 Bella 身邊，並以單手擋住貨車。
en: Bella Swan, a seventeen-year-old outcast, moves to Forks, a small town located by Washington state's Olympic Peninsula, to live with her father, Charlie, who is the police chief of town. Her mother, Renée, is remarried to a minor league baseball player, and they travel often to attend games. At her new high school, Bella makes several new friends, but she is also intrigued by the mysterious and aloof Cullen siblings. Bella sits next to Edward Cullen in biology class on her first day of school, but he seems to be repulsed by her. After a week of absence from school, Edward returns to school and begins socializing with Bella normally. A few days later, Bella is nearly struck by a van in the school parking lot. Edward saves her by instantaneously covering a distance of over thirty feet, and putting himself between Bella and the van, stopping it with only his hand, and making a conspicuous dent on the van. He subsequently refuses to explain his actions to Bella, and warns her against befriending him.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰差點被一輛小貨車撞到？
en: Who was almost hit by a van?
answers: zh_tw: text: Bella
en: text: Bella
環保汽車尿素
Diesel exhaust fluid

context: zh_tw: 環保汽車尿素（英語：Diesel exhaust fluid，直譯為 “狄塞爾排氣流體”，正式學名為 AUS32，美加地區稱之 DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid)，歐洲地區稱之 AdBlue，普稱車用尿素，中國於 2012 年定名為氮氧化物還原劑），皆指同一產品，是一種用於柴油車輛上的廢氣消減物質。AdBlue 由 32.5% 尿素和 67.5% 的去離子純水所合成。
en: Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF)  is an aqueous urea solution made with 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water. It is standardised as AUS 32 (aqueous urea solution) in ISO 22241. DEF is a consumable in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) that lowers NOx concentration in the diesel exhaust emissions from diesel engines.The German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) registered the trademark AdBlue for AUS 32.
qas: question: zh_tw: DEF 代表什麼？
en: What does DEF stand for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 環保汽車尿素
en: text: Diesel exhaust fluid
Caffeine

context: en: Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that reduces fatigue and drowsiness. At normal doses, caffeine has variable effects on learning and memory, but it generally improves reaction time, wakefulness, concentration, and motor coordination. The amount of caffeine needed to produce these effects varies from person to person, depending on body size and degree of tolerance. The desired effects arise approximately one hour after consumption, and the desired effects of a moderate dose usually subside after about three or four hours.Caffeine can delay or prevent sleep and improves task performance during sleep deprivation. Shift workers who use caffeine make fewer mistakes due to drowsiness.A systematic review and meta-analysis from 2014 found that concurrent caffeine and L-theanine use has synergistic psychoactive effects that promote alertness, attention, and task switching; these effects are most pronounced during the first hour post-dose.
qas: question: zh_tw: 產生某種影響所需要的咖啡因劑量取決於什麼？
answers: en: text: body size and degree of tolerance

context: en: Tea contains more caffeine than coffee by dry weight. A typical serving, however, contains much less, since less of the product is used as compared to an equivalent serving of coffee. Also contributing to caffeine content are growing conditions, processing techniques, and other variables. Thus, teas contain varying amounts of caffeine.Tea contains small amounts of theobromine and slightly higher levels of theophylline than coffee. Preparation and many other factors have a significant impact on tea, and color is a very poor indicator of caffeine content. Teas like the pale Japanese green tea, gyokuro, for example, contain far more caffeine than much darker teas like lapsang souchong, which has very little.
qas: question: zh_tw: 茶的顏色作為其咖啡因含量的指標有多有效？
answers: en: text: very poor indicator

context: en: Theophylline (4%): Relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchi, and is used to treat asthma. The therapeutic dose of theophylline, however, is many times greater than the levels attained from caffeine metabolism.1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a minor caffeine metabolite. Each of these metabolites is further metabolized and then excreted in the urine. Caffeine can accumulate in individuals with severe liver disease, increasing its half-life.A 2011 review found that increased caffeine intake was associated with a variation in two genes that increase the rate of caffeine catabolism. Subjects who had this mutation on both chromosomes consumed 40 mg more caffeine per day than others. This is presumably due to the need for a higher intake to achieve a comparable desired effect, not that the gene led to a disposition for greater incentive of habituation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼藥物可以緩解哮喘引起的痛苦？
answers: en: text: Theophylline
Hagen Kleinert

context: en: As an alternative to string theory, Kleinert used the complete analogy between non-Euclidean geometry and the geometry of crystals with defects to construct a model of the universe called the World Crystal or Planck-Kleinert crystal.  In this model, matter creates defects in spacetime which generate curvature. This curvature reproduces all the effects of general relativity, but leads to different physics than string theory at the scale of the Planck length. This theory inspired Italian artist Laura Pesce to create glass sculptures entitled "world crystal" (see also lower left on this page).
qas: question: zh_tw: Laura Pesce 是哪國國籍？
answers: en: text: Italian

context: en: In 1986 he introduced stiffness into the theory of strings,
qas: question: zh_tw: 他在 1986 年引入了什麼？
answers: en: text: stiffness into the theory of strings

context: en: simultaneously proposed a similar extension, and so the model is now known as the Polyakov-Kleinert string.
qas: question: zh_tw: 最後這個模型被命名為什麼？
answers: en: text: Polyakov-Kleinert string
Open Shortest Path First

context: en: If the current DR 'goes down' the current BDR becomes the new DR and a new election takes place to find another BDR. If the new DR then 'goes down' and the original DR is now available, still previously chosen BDR will become DR.DR's exist for the purpose of reducing network traffic by providing a source for routing updates. The DR maintains a complete topology table of the network and sends the updates to the other routers via multicast. All routers in a multi-access network segment will form a slave/master relationship with the DR. They will form adjacencies with the DR and BDR only. Every time a router sends an update, it sends it to the DR and BDR on the multicast address 224.0.0.6. The DR will then send the update out to all other routers in the area, to the multicast address 224.0.0.5. This way all the routers do not have to constantly update each other, and can rather get all their updates from a single source.  The use of multicasting further reduces the network load.  DRs and BDRs are always setup/elected on OSPF broadcast networks.  DR's can also be elected on NBMA (Non-Broadcast Multi-Access) networks such as Frame Relay or ATM.  DRs or BDRs are not elected on point-to-point links (such as a point-to-point WAN connection) because the two routers on either sides of the link must become fully adjacent and the bandwidth between them cannot be further optimized. DR and non-DR routers evolve from 2-way to full adjacency relationships by exchanging DD, Request, and Update.
qas: question: zh_tw: 只與其形成鄰接的兩件事物是什麼？
answers: en: text: DR and BDR

context: en: OSPF uses path cost as its basic routing metric, which was defined by the standard not to equate to any standard value such as speed, so the network designer could pick a metric important to the design. In practice, it is determined by the speed (bandwidth) of the interface addressing the given route, although that tends to need network-specific scaling factors now that links faster than 25 Mbit/s are common. Cisco uses a metric like 108/bandwidth (the reference value, 108 by default, can be adjusted). So, a 100Mbit/s link will have a cost of 1, a 10Mbit/s a cost of 10 and so on. But for links faster than 100Mbit/s, the cost would be <1.
qas: question: zh_tw: 根據 Cisco 度量標準，100Mbit/s 連結的代價為多少？
answers: en: text: cost of 1

context: en: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 (1998) for IPv4. The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in RFC 5340 (2008). OSPF supports the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) addressing model.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一版本用於 IPv6 網路？
answers: en: text: OSPF Version 3
Combined oral contraceptive pill

context: en: In Japan, lobbying from the Japan Medical Association prevented the pill from being approved for general use for nearly 40 years. The higher dose "second generation" pill was approved for use in cases of gynecological problems, but not for birth control. Two main objections raised by the association were safety concerns over long-term use of the pill, and concerns that pill use would lead to decreased use of condoms and thereby potentially increase sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates.However, when the Ministry of Health and Welfare approved Viagra's use in Japan after only six months of the application's submission, while still claiming that the pill required more data before approval, women's groups cried foul. The pill was subsequently approved for use in June 1999. However, the pill has not become popular in Japan. According to estimates, only 1.3 percent of 28 million Japanese females of childbearing age use the pill, compared with 15.6 percent in the United States. The pill prescription guidelines the government has endorsed require pill users to visit a doctor every three months for pelvic examinations and undergo tests for sexually transmitted diseases and uterine cancer. In the United States and Europe, in contrast, an annual or bi-annual clinic visit is standard for pill users. However, beginning as far back as 2007, many Japanese OBGYNs have required only a yearly visit for pill users, with multiple checks a year recommended only for those who are older or at increased risk of side effects. As of 2004, condoms accounted for 80% of birth control use in Japan, and this may explain Japan's comparatively low rates of AIDS.
qas: question: zh_tw: 建議服用者進行性病和什麼檢查？
answers: en: text: uterine cancer

context: en: They were first approved for contraceptive use in the United States in 1960, and are a very popular form of birth control. They are currently used by more than 100 million women worldwide and by almost 12 million women in the United States. As of 2014, 15.6% of U.S. women aged 15–44 reported being on the birth control pill, making it the most widely used contraceptive method among women of that age range. Use varies widely by country, age, education, and marital status. One third of women aged 16–49 in the United Kingdom currently use either the combined pill or progestogen-only pill,
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一年美國第一次批准使用避孕藥？
answers: en: text: 1960
Sarah Palin

context: en: Palin supports sex education in public schools that encourages sexual abstinence along with teaching about contraception. (See Comprehensive sex education.)
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰贊成取締性教育？
answers: en: text: Palin

context: en: Sarah Louise Palin ( (listen); née Heath; born February 11, 1964) is an American politician, commentator, author, and reality television personality, who served as the ninth governor of Alaska from 2006 until her resignation in 2009. As the Republican Party nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2008 election alongside presidential nominee, Arizona Senator John McCain, she was the first Alaskan on the national ticket of a major political party and the first Republican woman selected as a vice presidential candidate. Her book Going Rogue has sold more than two million copies.
qas: question: zh_tw: 莎拉・裴琳何時擔任阿拉斯加州州長？
answers: en: text: 2006 until her resignation in 2009
Age of Empires III

context: en: After defeating a rival railroad company and laying track to supply the US Cavalry near the Mexican border, Amelia meets a prospector named Pierre Beaumont, who helps her and US Cavalry commander, Major Cooper, defeat a Mexican army attacking a fort. Beaumont then leads Amelia to a mine in Colorado where she meets an aged Kanyenke, who has brought Cooper and the cavalry with him. Kanyenke reveals Beaumont as the leader of Circle of Ossus. Amelia, Kanyenke, and Cooper chase Beaumont through the mines, where they find a map to the Lake of the Moon.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在哪裡找到了一張湖的地圖？
answers: en: text: mines

context: en: John and Kanyenke return and drive Warwick's forces from Brunswick, but Warwick and Stuart are gone. John concludes that the Circle of Ossus has returned. Kanyenke believes that his sister, Nonahkee, could be in danger, and the pair leaves for New England. They find Warwick attacking Nonahkee's village, hoping to extract John's location from her. After the ensuing battle, John Black and Nonahkee fall in love.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰在攻擊這個村落？
answers: en: text: Warwick

context: en: Morgan and Alain drive the Ottomans from Malta and detonate Ottoman weapon caches in the nearby caves. Inside, they discover that the Ottomans were actually interested in a hidden stone library telling the story of the Lake of the Moon; the Fountain of Youth, a fabled Native American relic whose water is rumored to grant eternal life; and a secret society called the Circle of Ossus, who seek the Fountain for their own gain. Alain orders Morgan to sail to the New World to search for the Lake, but Morgan is attacked by the pirate Elisabet "Lizzie" Ramsey and is forced to land in the Caribbean islands. After re-engaging and defeating Lizzie, Morgan's men find some navigation charts which guide them safely to New Spain.
qas: question: zh_tw: 摩根在航行時遭到哪個海盜的襲擊？
answers: en: text: Elisabet "Lizzie" Ramsey

context: en: While John pursues Warwick, Kanyenke and some miners bring down large rock bridges to stop the Russians' large cannons from getting through. He and the mercenaries return east as John plants explosives to cause an avalanche and bury the Russians. Warwick ambushes John, but he successfully detonates the explosives, killing himself and Warwick. The resulting avalanche buries the Russians and the Circle's troops, ending their current plans. In the spring, Kanyenke returns to his village and learns that his sister has given birth to John's son Nathaniel, whom he begins to help raise.
qas: question: zh_tw: 坎勇凱的侄子名字叫什麼？
answers: en: text: Nathaniel
John Mayer

context: en: Mayer considered skipping college to pursue his music, but his parents dissuaded him.  He enrolled in the Berklee College of Music in 1997 at age 19. At the urging of his college friend Clay Cook, they left Berklee after two semesters and moved to Atlanta. There, they formed a two-man band called LoFi Masters, and began performing in local coffee houses and club venues such as Eddie's Attic. According to Cook, they experienced musical differences due to Mayer's desire to move more towards pop music. The two parted ways and Mayer embarked on a solo career.With the help of local producer and engineer Glenn Matullo, Mayer recorded the independent EP Inside Wants Out. The EP includes eight songs with Mayer on lead vocals and guitars. For the opening track, "Back To You", a full band was enlisted, including the EP's co-producer David "DeLa" LaBruyere on bass guitars. Cook had co-written many of the album's songs, including its first commercial single release, "No Such Thing", However, his only performance contribution was backing vocals on the song "Comfortable".
qas: question: zh_tw: 梅爾的 EP 中收錄了多少首歌？
answers: en: text: eight songs

context: en: Mayer's secondary career pursuits extend to television hosting, comedy, and writing; he has authored columns for magazines such as Esquire. He supports various causes and has performed at charity benefits.  He is a watch aficionado (with a collection he values in the "tens of millions" of dollars), contributing to the watch site Hodinkee, and has been on the jury at the Grand Prix d'Horlogerie de Genève.
qas: question: zh_tw: 梅爾曾為哪個雜誌寫過文章？
answers: en: text: Esquire
Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS

context: en: Tests selected to screen donor blood and tissue must provide a high degree of confidence that HIV will be detected if present (that is, a high sensitivity is required). A combination of antibody, antigen and nucleic acid tests are used by blood banks in Western countries. The World Health Organization estimated that, as of 2000, inadequate blood screening had resulted in 1 million new HIV infections worldwide.In the US, the Food and Drug Administration requires that all donated blood be screened for several infectious diseases, including HIV-1 and HIV-2, using a combination of antibody testing (EIA) and more expeditious nucleic acid testing (NAT). These diagnostic tests are combined with careful donor selection. As of 2001, the risk of transfusion-acquired HIV in the US was approximately one in 2.5 million for each transfusion.
qas: question: zh_tw: 2001 年美國的艾滋病毒感染率是多少？
answers: en: text: one in 2.5 million

context: en: The window period is the time from infection until a test can detect any change. The average window period with HIV-1 antibody tests is 25 days for subtype B. Antigen testing cuts the window period to approximately 16 days and nucleic acid testing (NAT) further reduces this period to 12 days.Performance of medical tests is often described in terms of:
qas: question: zh_tw: 抗原測試有什麼作用？
answers: en: text: Antigen testing cuts the window period to approximately 16 days
Rugby football

context: en: In England, rugby union is widely regarded as an "establishment" sport, played mostly by members of the upper and middle classes. For example, many pupils at public schools and grammar schools play rugby union, although the game (which had a long history of being played at state schools until the 1980s) is becoming increasingly popular in comprehensive schools. Despite this stereotype, the game, particularly in the West Country is popular amongst all classes. In contrast, rugby league has traditionally been seen as a working-class pursuit. Another exception to rugby union's upper-class stereotype is in Wales, where it has been traditionally associated with small village teams made up of coal miners and other industrial workers who played on their days off. In Ireland, both rugby union and rugby league are unifying forces across the national and sectarian divide, with the Ireland international teams representing both political entities.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個國家是典型的上流社會橄欖球的例外？
answers: en: text: Wales

context: en: The main differences between the two games, besides league having teams of 13 players and union of 15, involve the tackle and its aftermath:
qas: question: zh_tw: 球隊由多少名不同的球員組成？
answers: en: text: 13
Nauru

context: en: Its Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice, is paramount on constitutional issues. Other cases can be appealed to the two-judge Appellate Court. Parliament cannot overturn court decision.  Historically, Appellate Court rulings could be appealed to the High Court of Australia., though this happened only rarely and the Australian court's appellate jurisdiction ended entirely on 12 March 2018 after the Government of Nauru unilaterally ended the arrangement.  Lower courts consist of the District Court and the Family Court, both of which are headed by a Resident Magistrate, who also is the Registrar of the Supreme Court. There are two other quasi-courts: the Public Service Appeal Board and the Police Appeal Board, both of which are presided over by the Chief Justice.
qas: question: zh_tw: 首席大法官掌管的法院叫什麼名？
answers: en: text: the Public Service Appeal Board and the Police Appeal Board

context: en: Nauru has the world's highest level of type 2 diabetes, with more than 40 per cent of the population affected. Other significant dietary-related problems on Nauru include kidney disease and heart disease.
qas: question: zh_tw: 諾魯人的飲食會導致哪兩種併發症？
answers: en: text: kidney disease and heart disease

context: en: Settled by people from Micronesia and Polynesia c.  1000 BCE, Nauru was annexed and claimed as a colony by the German Empire in the late 19th century. After World War I, Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. During World War II, Nauru was occupied by Japanese troops, who were bypassed by the Allied advance across the Pacific. After the war ended, the country entered into United Nations trusteeship. Nauru gained its independence in 1968, and became a member of the Pacific Community (SPC) in 1969.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰在第二次世界大戰期間佔領了諾魯？
answers: en: text: Japanese troops

context: en: The main religion practised on the island is Christianity (the main denominations are Nauru Congregational Church 35.71%, Roman Catholic 32.96% Assemblies of God 12.98% and Baptist 1.48%). The Constitution provides for freedom of religion. The government has restricted the religious practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Jehovah's Witnesses, most of whom are foreign workers employed by the government-owned Nauru Phosphate Corporation. The Catholics are pastorally served by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarawa and Nauru, with see at Tarawa in Kiribati.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在這座島上，最常見的是什麼宗教？
answers: en: text: Christianity