zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
澳大利亞 31-0 美屬薩摩亞
Australia 31–0 American Samoa

context: zh_tw: 為了避免這種強弱懸殊的比賽再度發生，國際足聯在 2006 年世界盃大洋州區的預選賽引入了一項新的賽制，即小球隊需要進行初賽，初賽的勝者才能挑戰澳大利亞和紐西蘭。 在 2006 年底，為了提高在國際比賽中的競爭力，澳大利亞離開大洋洲足協加入亞足聯，他們和其他球隊的巨大差距是促使他們離開的原因之一。 從 2010 年世界盃預選賽開始，澳大利亞將和其他亞洲球隊爭奪進入世界盃的入場券。
en: This match and the other lopsided victories in the qualification partially contributed towards the reintroduction of a preliminary round for smaller teams in the qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, in order to avoid these one-sided matches. The significant gap between the two top teams, Australia and New Zealand, and the rest of the teams in the Oceanian zone was one of the reasons behind Australia leaving the Oceania Football Confederation at the end of 2006 to join Asian Football Confederation in order to increase the competitiveness. Starting with the 2010 World Cup qualification, Australia participated in the Asian zone qualification rounds.The American Samoan team was not feeling downhearted after the game, and even embraced and sang to the audience as the game finished. Salapu declared that he enjoyed the game. "I wasn't embarrassed because we all learned something from it. If we had all our players maybe it would have been only five or six goals, because I was without my best defenders and there was nothing I could do." Tony Langkilde also defended the goalkeeper, saying that he "kept the score down with a magnificent display". He also added that "now we are recognised by FIFA, it has really helped spark an interest in football on the islands". Samoan manager Tunoa Lui commented that football was being played in the Samoan elementary and high schools and "in five years we will be competitive."
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪兩支強球隊的競爭令人難忘？
en: What top two teams had a memorable rivalry?
answers: zh_tw: text: 澳大利亞和紐西蘭
en: text: Australia and New Zealand
家長指導標識
Parental Advisory

context: zh_tw: 就在 1985 年 4 月這個計劃成形後，美國家長音樂資源中心（PMRC，這個組織旨在對少年兒童所能接觸的音樂作品加強控制，以防止不健康內容被孩子聽到）列舉出了一個歌單，歌單上的歌曲被認為含有不良內容，少兒不宜。而首當其衝的歌曲就是美國歌手普林斯・羅傑・尼爾森的《Darling Nikki》，PMRC 合夥創辦人蒂珀・戈爾（Mary Tipper Gore，美國作家，社會活動家，也曾是美國第二夫人）的女兒則認為這首歌是在影射手淫。美國唱片業協會對此作出了回應，並草擬了一個不良內容警告標識，但 PMRC 對此仍感不滿，他們提議針對音樂的分級制度應該效仿電影分級制度。之後美國唱片業協會又提出一個方案，即在標識上新增一行字 “家長指導：歌詞內容未刪改”。但兩個機構仍然沒有化解分歧，最終在當年的 9 月 19 日，與美國參議院商業科技運輸委員會（英文：United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation）召開了一場聽證會。美國一些著名音樂人弗蘭克・扎帕、Dee Snyder、約翰・丹佛也是與會成員，在會上他們強烈反對 PMRC 所提出的警告標識和這種廣泛的審查。兩個月之後，兩個機構最終達成了共識，即要麼唱片公司將 “家長指導標識” 印在專輯的封面上，要麼就在包裝的背面附上歌詞本。
en: Shortly after their formation in April 1985, the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) assembled a list of fifteen songs with deemed unsuitable content. Particular criticism was placed on "Darling Nikki" by Prince, after the daughter of PMRC co-founder Mary "Tipper" Gore recognized its references to masturbation. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) responded by introducing an early version of their content warning label, although the PMRC was displeased and proposed that a music rating system structured like the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system be enacted. The RIAA alternatively suggested using a warning label reading "Parental Guidance: Explicit Lyrics", and after continued conflict between the organizations, the matter was discussed on September 19 during a hearing with the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Notable musicians, Frank Zappa, Dee Snider, and John Denver each testified at this hearing with strong opposition to PMRC’s warning label system, and censorship in general. Approximately two months after the hearing, the organizations agreed on a settlement in which audio recordings were to either be affixed with a warning label reading "Explicit Lyrics: Parental Advisory" or have its lyrics attached on the backside of its packaging.In 1990, the now standard black-and-white warning label design reading "Parental Advisory: Explicit Lyrics" was introduced and was to be placed on the bottom right-hand section of a given product. The first album to bear the "black and white" Parental Advisory label was the 1990 release of Banned in the U.S.A. by the rap group 2 Live Crew. By May 1992, approximately 225 records had been marked with the warning. In response to later hearings in the following years, it was reworded as "Parental Advisory: Explicit Content" in 1996. The system went unchanged until 2002, when record labels affiliated with Bertelsmann Music Group began including specific areas of concern including "strong language", "violent content", or "sexual content" on compact discs alongside the generic Parental Advisory label. The Parental Advisory label was first used on music streaming services and online music stores in 2011. That year, the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) revised its own music censorship policies to incorporate more prominent usage of the warning label.
qas: question: zh_tw: 弗蘭克・扎帕有什麼樣的工作？
en: What type of job did Frank Zappa have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 音樂人
en: text: musicians
康斯坦丁・馬科夫斯基
Konstantin Makovsky

context: zh_tw: 康斯坦丁出生於莫斯科，父親是俄羅斯業餘肖像畫家，名為葉戈爾・伊凡諾維奇・馬科夫斯基。康斯坦丁是家中長子，母親是一個作曲家，並期望子承母業。
en: Konstantin Makovsky was born in Moscow. His father was the Russian art figure and amateur painter, Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky. His mother was a composer, and she hoped her son would one day follow in her footsteps. His younger brothers Vladimir and Nikolay and his sister Alexandra also went on to become painters.In 1851 Makovsky entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture where he became the top student, easily getting all the available awards. His teachers were Karl Bryullov and Vasily Tropinin. Makovsky's inclinations to Romanticism and decorative effects can be explained by the influence of Bryullov.
qas: question: zh_tw: 康斯坦丁・馬可夫斯基的父親是什麼型別的畫家？
en: What type of painter was Konstantin Makovsky's father?
answers: zh_tw: text: 業餘
en: text: amateur
伊扎克・拉賓
Yitzhak Rabin

context: zh_tw: 伊扎克・拉賓（希伯來語：יצחק רבין‎，轉寫：Yitzhak Rabin‎；1922 年 3 月 1 日－1995 年 11 月 4 日），以色列政治家、軍事家。1974 年至 1977 年任以色列總理；1992 年起再次出任總理，直至 1995 年被刺身亡。他是首位出生於以色列本土的總理，首位被刺殺和第二位在任期間辭世的總理。以色列首位任內離世的總理是列維・艾希科爾。
en: Yitzhak Rabin (; Hebrew: יִצְחָק רַבִּין, IPA: [jitsˈχak ʁaˈbin] (listen); 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995.
qas: question: zh_tw: 拉賓何時出生？
en: What was Rabin's birthday?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1922 年 3 月 1 日
en: text: 1 March 1922
國際地理奧林匹克
International Geography Olympiad

context: zh_tw: 國際地理奧林匹亞（英語：International Geography Olympiad，縮寫：iGeO）是一個為 16 到 19 歲學生所舉辦的國際科學奧林匹亞，由各國國內奧林匹亞選出的代表隊參加。競賽內容分為三個部分：手寫題、多媒體測驗、和野外實地考察。國際地理奧林匹亞測驗參賽選手空間模式和過程的觀念，包括邊界、中心、環域的概念，對旅遊、恐怖份子、難民的認知，對食物、衣服、藥品、數位資訊貿易的瞭解，對人口成長、聖嬰現象、海嘯、地震的掌握。本競賽由國際地理聯合會舉辦，並從 2012 年開始由每兩年舉辦改為每年舉辦一次。
en: The International Geography Olympiad (iGeo) is an annual competition for 16- to 19-year-old geography students from all over the world. Students chosen to represent their countries are some of the best, chosen from thousands of students who participate enthusiastically in their own National Geography Olympiads. iGeo tests the abilities of every participant in spatial patterns and processes. The iGeo consists of three parts: a written test, a multimedia test and a substantial fieldwork exercise requiring observation, leading to cartographic representation and geographical analysis. The programme also includes poster presentations by teams, cultural exchanges, and time for students to get to know their fellow students and explore the host city.
qas: question: zh_tw: iGeo 代表什麼？
en: What does iGeo stand for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 國際地理奧林匹亞（英語：International
en: text: The International Geography Olympiad
蜥蜴科
Lacertidae

context: zh_tw: 蜥蜴科（學名：Lacertidae，又叫正蜥科）是爬行綱蜥蜴亞目下的一科，原生於歐洲，非洲和亞洲。這是一個多元化的科，共有 37 屬幾百個物種。
en: The Lacertidae are the family of the wall lizards, true lizards, or sometimes simply lacertas, which are native to Europe, Africa, and Asia. The group includes the genus Lacerta, which contains some of the most commonly seen lizard species in Europe. It is a diverse family with at least 300 species in 39 genera.
qas: question: zh_tw: 蜥蜴屬屬於哪科？
en: The genus Lacerta are part of which family?
answers: zh_tw: text: 蜥蜴科
en: text: Lacertidae
埃裡克・特朗普
Eric Trump

context: zh_tw: 2013 年 7 月 4 日，埃裡克與其女友銀團電視新聞節目內幕的副製片人 Lara Lea Yunaska 訂婚。這對情侶舉辦了一場 “水晶點綴般” 的慶典； 2014 年 11 月 8 日他們在佛羅里達棕櫚灘的 Mar-a-Lago 俱樂部舉行了婚禮。2017 年 9 月 12 日，其兒子 Eric "Luke" Trump 出生。
en: On July 4, 2013, Trump became engaged to his longtime girlfriend Lara Lea Yunaska, an associate producer on the syndicated television news program Inside Edition. They married on November 8, 2014, at Mar-a-Lago Club in Palm Beach, Florida. On September 12, 2017, the two had a son named Eric "Luke" Trump. They are expecting their second child in August 2019.
qas: question: zh_tw: Trump 在什麼時候與 Lara Lea Yunaska 結婚？
en: When did Trump marry Lara Lea Yunaska?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2014 年 11 月 8 日
en: text: November 8, 2014
Nova (作業系統)
Nova (operating system)

context: zh_tw: 古巴計劃把當地電腦的作業系統改為 Nova，使之成為當地主要使用的作業系統；一旦更換計劃完成，當地辦公地點 90% 的電腦都會採用這套作業系統。2011 年初，資訊科技大學宣佈他們會把超過 8000 部電腦的作業系統更換為 Nova。自 2011 年起，當地推出的新電腦會同時安裝 Windows 和 Nova。
en: The goal of Nova was to achieve "sovereignty and technological independence" and to have it installed on all computers in Cuba where Microsoft Windows is still the most widely used operating system. The system was central to the Cuban government's desire to replace Windows. Hector Rodriguez, Director of UCI, said that "[t]he free software movement is closer to the ideology of the Cuban people, above all for the independence and sovereignty." Other cited reasons to develop the system include the United States embargo against Cuba which made it hard for Cubans to buy and update Windows, as well as potential security issues feared by the Cuban government because of the U.S. government's access to Microsoft's source code.Cuba was planning to convert to Nova as its main operating system; once the migration is complete it was intended to be installed in 90% of all work places. In early 2011 the UCI announced that they would migrate more than 8,000 computers to the new operating system. Beginning in 2011, new computers were intended to come installed with both Windows and Nova.
qas: question: zh_tw: 資訊科技大學於什麼時候宣佈將其電腦遷移至新的作業系統？
en: When did the UCI announce their computer migration to new operating systems?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2011 年初
en: text: early 2011
龐培・法布拉
Pompeu Fabra

context: zh_tw: 龐培・法布拉（加泰隆語：Pompeu Fabra i Poch，加泰羅尼亞語發音: [pumˈpɛw ˈfaβɾə]，1868 年 2 月 20 日－1948 年 12 月 25 日），是一名西班牙工程師和語法學家。他是當代加泰羅尼亞語規範性改革的主要推動者。
en: Pompeu Fabra i Poch (Catalan pronunciation: [pumˈpɛw ˈfaβɾə]; Gràcia, Barcelona, 20 February 1868 - Prada de Conflent, 25 December 1948) was a Catalan engineer and grammarian. He was the main author of the normative reform of contemporary Catalan language.
qas: question: zh_tw: 除了他的工程生涯，Pompeu Fabra i Poch 在其他哪個專業領域也是眾所周知的？
en: Aside from his engineering career, Pompeu Fabra i Poch was also well known in what other area of expertise?
answers: zh_tw: text: ˈfaβɾə]，1868 年 2 月 20 日－1948 年 12 月 25 日），是一名西班牙工程師和語法學家。
en: text: grammarian
埃裡克・施密特
Eric Schmidt

context: zh_tw: 施密特早期主要於資訊科技公司工作，包含了貝爾實驗室、Zilog 和當時全錄轄下的帕羅奧多研究中心擔任研究員。1983 年，施密特以軟體經理的身分加入昇陽電腦，並主導了 Java 平臺技術的發展、昇陽電腦獨立平臺的程式技術，並且確立了公司的網路策略。之後，他成為了昇陽電腦的首席技術官（CTO）及企業總裁。
en: Early in his career, Schmidt held a series of technical positions with IT companies including Byzromotti Design, Bell Labs (in research and development), Zilog, and Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
qas: question: zh_tw: 施密特在貝爾實驗室做什麼？
en: What did Schmidt do at Bell Labs?
answers: zh_tw: text: 研究
en: text: research and development
島嶼灰狐
Island fox

context: zh_tw: 島嶼灰狐較灰狐為短，大小如家貓一般，且是耳廓狐之後第二小的狐狸。牠們一般身長 48-50 cm，肩高 12-15 cm，而尾巴長 11-29 cm，相較灰狐 27-44cm 長的尾巴為短。島嶼灰狐重 1.3-2.8 kg。雄性多較雌性為大。 聖卡塔林納島嶼灰狐是最大的亞種而聖克魯茲島嶼灰狐是最小的。島嶼灰狐的頭上有灰毛，兩側的毛呈紅色，腹部、頸及面的底部是白色，尾巴的背面是黑色。 一般而言，毛皮色澤較其他灰狐的為暗。島嶼灰狐每年約 8 月至 11 月會換皮一次。在第一次脫皮前，幼狐都毛較幼嫩及暗色。
en: The island fox is significantly smaller than the gray fox and is probably the smallest fox in North America, averaging slightly smaller than the swift and kit foxes. Typically, the head-and-body length is 48–50 cm (19–19.5 in), shoulder height 12–15 cm (4.5–6 in), and the tail is 11–29 cm (4.5–11.5 in) long, which is notably shorter than the 27–44 cm (10.5–17.5 in) tail of the gray fox. This is due to the fact that the island fox generally has two fewer tail vertebrae than the gray fox. The island fox weighs between 1 and 2.8 kg (2.2 and 6.2 lb). The male is always larger than the female. The largest of the subspecies occurs on Santa Catalina Island and the smallest on Santa Cruz Island.The island fox has gray fur on its head, a ruddy red coloring on its sides, white fur on its belly, throat and the lower half of its face, and a black stripe on the dorsal surface of its tail. In general the coat is darker and duller hued than that of the gray fox. The island fox molts once a year between August and November. Before the first molt pups are woolly and have a generally darker coat than adult foxes. A brown phase, with the grey and black fur of the body replaced by a sandy brown and a deeper brown, may occur in the San Clemente Island and San Nicolas Island populations. It is unclear if this is a true color phase, a change that occurs with age, or possibly a change that occurs because of interactions with Opuntia cactus spines that become embedded in the pelt.
qas: question: zh_tw: 島嶼灰狐的尾巴有多長？
en: What is the average length of an island foxes tail?
answers: zh_tw: text: 11-29 cm
en: text: 11–29 cm (4.5–11.5 in) long
國際廢除核武器運動
International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

context: zh_tw: 國際廢除核武器運動（英語：International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, ICAN；/ˈaɪkæn/ EYE-kan）為一個全球公民社會聯盟，致力於遵守與全力執行《禁止核武器條約》，並在制訂過程中給予協助。該組織成立於 2007 年，目前在 101 個國家擁有 468 個夥伴組織。
en: The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (abbreviated to ICAN, pronounced  EYE-kan) is a global civil society coalition working to promote adherence to and full implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The campaign helped bring about this treaty. ICAN was launched in 2007 and counts 468 partner organizations in 101 countries as of 2017.
qas: question: zh_tw: 國際廢除核武器運動由多少個國家組成？
en: How many countries is ICAN a part of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 101
en: text: 101

context: zh_tw: 2017 年，國際廢除核武器運動因「提請各方注意使用任何核武器後造成的災難性人道主義後果，以及為實現禁止這些武器的條約造出的突破性努力」，獲頒諾貝爾和平獎。
en: The campaign received the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize "for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons."
qas: question: zh_tw: 這個運動贏得了什麼獎項？
en: What type of award did the campaign win?
answers: zh_tw: text: 諾貝爾和平獎
en: text: Nobel Peace Prize
睦月號驅逐艦
Japanese destroyer Mutsuki

context: zh_tw: 睦月號在 1924 年 5 月 21 日於佐世保海軍工廠鋪放龍骨，於 1925 年 7 月 23 日進水，並於 1926 年 3 月 26 日竣工。該艦原本名字僅為「第十九驅逐艦」，但於 1928 年 8 月 1 日更名為「睦月」。1930 年 11 月中旬，第 30 驅逐隊 (睦月、如月、卯月、彌生號驅逐艦) 作為供奉艦伴隨搭載剛結束觀艦式的昭和天皇的霧島號戰艦回到橫須賀。1935 年 9 月，睦月號與妙高型重巡洋艦、最上型重巡洋艦、川內型輕巡洋艦、吹雪型驅逐艦、輕型航空母艦「鳳翔、龍驤」、以及潛水母艦「大鯨」在第四艦隊事件中受損。
en: Mutsuki, built at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal, was laid down on 21 May 1924, launched on 23 July 1925 and completed on 26 March 1926. Originally commissioned simply as Destroyer No. 19, she was assigned the name Mutsuki on 1 August 1928. In the late 1930s, Mutsuki participated in combat in China, including the First Shanghai Incident of 1932 and other actions in the Second Sino-Japanese War.
qas: question: zh_tw: 睦月號何時竣工？
en: When was Mutsuki finished?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1926 年 3 月 26 日
en: text: 26 March 1926
瓦利縣 (蒙大拿州)
Valley County, Montana

context: zh_tw: 根據 2000 年人口普查，瓦利縣擁有 7,675 居民、3,150 住戶和 2,129 家庭。其人口密度為每平方英里 2 居民（每平方公里 1 居民）。本縣擁有 4,847 間房屋單位，其密度為每平方英里 1 間（每平方公里 0.4 間）。而人口是由 88.14% 白人、0.13% 黑人、9.42% 土著、0.25% 亞洲人、0.01% 太平洋島民、0.26% 其他種族和 1.79% 混血構成。而西班牙裔或拉丁美洲人佔了人口 0.78%。在 88.14% 白人中，有 28.2% 為德國人、24% 為挪威人、6% 為英國人以及 5.5% 為愛爾蘭人。在 3,150 住戶中，有 29.7% 擁有一個或以上的兒童（18 歲以下）、55.5% 為夫妻、8.2% 為單親家庭、32.4% 為非家庭、29.3% 為獨居、12% 住戶有同居長者。平均每戶有 2.38 人，而平均每個家庭則有 2.93 人。在 7,675 居民中，有 25.1% 為 18 歲以下、6% 為 18 至 24 歲、24.3% 為 25 至 44 歲、25.6% 為 45 至 64 歲以及 19% 為 65 歲以上。人口的年齡中位數為 42 歲，女子對男子的性別比為 100：98.20。成年人的性別比則為 100：95.10。本縣的住戶收入中位數為 $30,979，而家庭收入中位數則為 $39,044。男性的收入中位數為 $27,233，而女性的收入中位數則為 $17,686，人均收入為 $16,246。約 9.5% 家庭和 13.5% 人口在貧窮線以下，包括 15.4% 兒童（18 歲以下）及 14.4% 長者（65 歲以上）。
en: There were 3,150 households out of which 29.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.50% were married couples living together, 8.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 29.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.93.
qas: question: zh_tw: 戶和家的規模，哪個更大？
en: Which was larger, the size of the household or the size of the family?
answers: zh_tw: text: 平均每個家庭
en: text: the average family size
律實縣
Dusit District

context: zh_tw: 維曼默宮原在春武里府的西昌島，興建於 1900 年到 1901 年，用金桃花木建造，一度用作王宮，1908 年廢棄。1992 年在律實縣重建，為重要觀光景點。
en: The district was established by King Chulalongkorn, who wanted to escape the confines of Rattanakosin Island. Vimanmek Mansion was constructed in 1900 completely out of teak, and was used as a royal palace for a short time, but was abandoned in 1908. Reconstructed in 1992, it is now a major tourist attraction. Chitralada Royal Villa was built by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI), and was a residence of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The large park around the palace was used by the king for agricultural research.
qas: question: zh_tw: 維曼默宮用什麼建造？
en: What was Vimanmek Mansion made from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 金桃花木
en: text: teak
飛行速度記錄
Flight airspeed record

context: zh_tw: 所有官方航空記錄都由國際航空聯合會（FAI）定義並正式透過。飛行記錄被分為若干個級別和副分類。飛行器被分為三個種類：陸基飛機，水上飛機和水陸兩用飛機；而在這些級別中，不同重量級有不同的記錄。當中還有副分類：分別由渦輪噴射引擎、渦輪螺旋槳引擎和火箭發動機推動的飛行器。這些分類中，不同海拔的飛行速度、飛機的大小和裝載物的重量又分別有不同的記錄。也有特定城市之間的速度記錄，例如倫敦和紐約。
en: An air speed record is the highest airspeed attained by an aircraft of a particular class. The rules for all official aviation records are defined by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), which also ratifies any claims. Speed records are divided into multiple classes with sub-divisions. There are three classes of aircraft: landplanes, seaplanes, and amphibians; then within these classes, there are records for aircraft in a number of weight categories. There are still further subdivisions for piston-engined, turbojet, turboprop, and rocket-engined aircraft. Within each of these groups, records are defined for speed over a straight course and for closed circuits of various sizes carrying various payloads.
qas: question: zh_tw: 飛行記錄被分為多少個級別？
en: How many classes are speed records devided into?
answers: zh_tw: text: 若干個級別
en: text: multiple classes
鷹遷行動
Operation Eagle Pull

context: zh_tw: 鷹遷行動（英語：Operation Eagle Pull），或譯大鵬撤退行動，是美國軍隊於 1975 年 4 月 12 日在柬埔寨金邊實施的空中撤退作戰。金邊在 1975 年 4 月上旬時是美國支援的反共政權 —— 高棉共和國的首都，並且已經遭到紅色高棉的包圍和孤立，完全依賴城西的波成東國際機場才能獲得空運補給物資。隨著紅色高棉的勝利迫在眉睫，美國政府和軍方制定了應急計劃，迅速用直升機將高棉境內所有的美國公民和部分高棉人士疏散到暹羅灣內的海軍艦隊上避難。於 4 月 12 日前半天完成的鷹遷行動是一場在戰術上取得成功的軍事任務，執行過程中沒有損失人員。該行動結束 5 天后的 4 月 17 日，紅色高棉軍就佔領金邊，高棉共和國宣佈投降並且解體。
en: Operation Eagle Pull was the United States military evacuation by air of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on 12 April 1975. At the beginning of April 1975, Phnom Penh, one of the last remaining strongholds of the Khmer Republic, was surrounded by the Khmer Rouge and totally dependent on aerial resupply through Pochentong Airport. With a Khmer Rouge victory imminent, the US government made contingency plans for the evacuation of US nationals and allied Cambodians by helicopter to ships in the Gulf of Thailand. Operation Eagle Pull took place on the morning of 12 April 1975 and was a tactical success carried out without any loss of life. Five days later the Khmer Republic collapsed and the Khmer Rouge occupied Phnom Penh.
qas: question: zh_tw: 美國在哪個國家撤退鷹遷行動？
en: What country was the US leaving from in operation Eagle Pull?
answers: zh_tw: text: 柬埔寨
en: text: Cambodia
太陽門廣場
Puerta del Sol

context: zh_tw: 太陽門最初是馬德里城牆上的一座城門，城牆修築於 15 世紀，城牆以外為郊區。太陽門面向東方，裝飾著升起的太陽，因而得名。
en: The Puerta del Sol originated as one of the gates in the city wall that surrounded Madrid in the 15th century. Outside the wall, medieval suburbs began to grow around the Christian Wall of the 12th century. The name of the gate came from the rising sun which decorated the entry, since the gate was oriented to the east.
qas: question: zh_tw: 大門面朝哪個方向？
en: Which direction did the gate face?
answers: zh_tw: text: 東方
en: text: east
歐洲人權法院
European Court of Human Rights

context: zh_tw: 1989 年柏林牆被推翻後，一些新的國家加入了《歐洲人權公約》，這也導致歐洲人權法院受理的案件出現急劇增長。 同時這些申請還在不斷地聚集和增加，這些大量未判決的申請使法院的受理效率受到威脅。1999 年，有 8400 個案件需要受理。 2003 年，又有 27200 個案件被提出申請受理， 並且未判決案件的數量升到約 65000 個。 到 2005 年， 法庭開庭審理了 45500 個案子。 2009 年，57200 個申請需要受理， 未判決案件的數量也上升到 119300 個。 那時約有 90% 的申請被告知不能予以受理，而在大部分判決的案件中， 約有 60% 的判決是按照所謂重複案件來處理，法庭發現這樣做違反《歐洲人權公約》，也違反了遵循先例的原則。 第 11 條協議旨在透過設立一個專職法院和聘請全職法官以及簡化訴訟程式、縮短審訊期限的方式，來處理案件堆積的情況。 但是， 隨著法院工作量的持續上升，締約國同意進一步改革。在 2004 年 5 月，歐洲委員會部長理事會在《歐洲人權公約》上增加了第 14 條。 第 14 條協議就是為了減輕法庭和監督法官執行情況的歐洲委員會部長理事會的工作量而設立， 以促使法庭集中精力處理與人權有關的重大案件。 1998 年 11 月 1 日，歐洲人權法院成為一個擁有全職法官的永久性常設法院，其目的是為了要取代舊有由歐洲人權委員會（1954 年設立）及 1959 年設立的歐洲人權法院所構成的機制。歐洲人權法院的新架構是由於 1998 年 11 月的第 11 號議定書（此為歐洲人權公約的修正案）而來。新的全職法官隨後便由歐洲委員會的議會選舉出來。第 11 號議定書在 1998 年 11 月 1 日正式生效並開始施行，其建立了專職的法院，並且直接開放讓大多數的歐洲人可以接近並使用它。在此之前，歐洲人權法院已經做出了 837 個判決，7 年後，2005 年年底時，本法院更是已經做出了 5968 個判決。
en: In 1999, 8,400 applications were allocated to be heard. In 2003, 27,200 cases were filed and the number of pending applications rose to approximately 65,000. In 2005, the Court opened 45,500 case files. In 2009, 57,200 applications were allocated, with the number of pending applications rose to 119,300. At the time, more than 90% of them were declared to be inadmissible, and the majority of cases decided—around 60% of the decisions by the Court—related to what is termed repetitive cases: where the Court has already delivered judgment finding a violation of the European Convention on Human Rights or where well established case law exists on a similar case.
qas: question: zh_tw: 2009 年未判決案件有多少個？
en: How many pending applications were there in 2009?
answers: zh_tw: text: 119300
en: text: 119,300
棟格珀德拉河
Tungabhadra River

context: zh_tw: 棟格珀德拉河（卡納達語:ತುಂಗಭದ್ರಾ, 泰盧固語:తుంగభద్రా，英語：Tungabhadra River）是南印度的一條聖河，流經卡納塔克邦和安德拉邦，它是克里希納河的主要支流。在史詩《羅摩衍那》中，棟格珀德拉河 被稱為 “潘帕”。
en: The Tungabhadra River  is a river in India that starts and flows through the state of Karnataka during most of its course, before flowing along the border between Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and ultimately joining the Krishna River near Alampur village in Mehaboobnagar District of Telangana. In the epic Ramayana, the Tungabhadra River was known by the name of Pampa.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一個古印度經文中提到潘帕河？
en: In which ancient Hindu scripture is the Pampa river mentioned?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《羅摩衍那》
en: text: Ramayana
亞歷山大・雷巴克
Alexander Rybak

context: zh_tw: 亞歷山大・雷巴克（白俄羅斯語：Аляксандр Ігаравіч Рыбак；俄語：Александр Игоревич Рыбак，英語：Alexander Rybak，1986 年 5 月 13 日－），是出生於白俄羅斯的挪威 歌手、作曲家、小提琴家、鋼琴家、作家和演員。
en: Alexander Igoryevich Rybak, or in Belarusian Alyaxandr Iharavich Rybak (born 13 May 1986), is a Belarusian-Norwegian singer-composer, violinist, pianist and actor. Representing Norway in the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest in Moscow, Russia, Rybak won the contest with 387 points—the highest tally any country has achieved in the history of Eurovision under the old voting system—with "Fairytale", a song he wrote and composed. His debut album, Fairytales, charted in the top 20 in nine European countries, including a No. 1 position in Norway and Russia. Rybak made a return to Eurovision in 2012 and 2016, playing the violin during both interval acts. He represented Norway again in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal, with the song "That's How You Write a Song".
qas: question: zh_tw: Rybak 是什麼時候出生的？
en: When was Rybak born?
answers: zh_tw: text: Rybak，1986 年 5 月 13 日－），是出生於白俄羅斯的挪威
en: text: 13 May 1986
火柴盒二十
Matchbox Twenty

context: zh_tw: 2004 年五月，火柴盒 20 發行了現場演唱會的 DVD《A Night in the Life of Matchbox Twenty》，在亞特蘭大演唱會場拍攝，DVD 裡有 20 首歌，包含了他們所有的熱門單曲。
en: During 2003, the band released EP, consisting of six songs. The EP featured previously unreleased live and acoustic versions of songs like "Push" and "If You're Gone", as well as a new track, "Suffer Me". In 2004, the band released a live DVD, Show: A Night in the Life of Matchbox Twenty, filmed in Atlanta and featuring 20 songs, including all of their previous successful singles.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這個樂隊 2004 年發行的 DVD 唱片名稱是什麼？
en: What was the title of the DVD released by the band in 2004?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《A Night in the Life of Matchbox Twenty》
en: text: A Night in the Life of Matchbox Twenty
阿靈索斯
Alingsås

context: zh_tw: 阿靈索斯是當年丹麥軍隊將新樂得斯市燒成灰燼後無家可歸的居民逃離到此而建的。古斯塔夫・阿道夫二世在 1619 年通過了皇家憲章正式承認了阿靈索斯市。這使得它比西約塔蘭省最大的城市 ——1621 年寫入憲章的哥德堡還要古老。
en: Alingsås was founded as inhabitants from the city Nya Lödöse were made homeless as Danish troops burnt it down. Gustavus Adolphus granted Alingsås its Royal Charter in 1619, which makes it older than Västra Götaland's largest city—Gothenburg which was granted its charter in 1621.Among its historical inhabitants is Jonas Alströmer, who was born in Alingsås in 1685. Alströmer is credited for introducing the potato plant to Sweden. He also established a large scale draper's industry there, which before long became Sweden's largest. However, some too-optimistic calculations, devastating fires and political setbacks finally forced its closure in 1779.Alingsås is known for its cafes, 26 in total (in 2010).
qas: question: zh_tw: 西約塔蘭省最大的城市是什麼？
en: What is the biggest city in the Västra Götaland area?
answers: zh_tw: text: 哥德堡
en: text: Gothenburg
大白艦隊
Great White Fleet

context: zh_tw: 在美國總統西奧多・羅斯福執政晚期，他派遣的 16 艘美國大西洋艦隊的戰列艦完成了一次環球航行。這次航行從 1907 年 12 月 16 號開始，到 1909 年 2 月 22 號結束。所有艦隻都被漆成了象徵海上和平的白色，船頭則裝飾著紅白藍三色的橫條。這些艦船就是日後人們所熟知的大白艦隊。
en: In the twilight of his administration, United States President Theodore Roosevelt dispatched 16 U.S. Navy battleships of the Atlantic Fleet on a worldwide voyage of circumnavigation from 16 December 1907 to 22 February 1909. The hulls were painted white, the Navy's peacetime color scheme, decorated with gilded scrollwork with a red, white, and blue banner on their bows. These ships would later come to be known as the Great White Fleet.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這些船隻日後被稱為什麼？
en: What were the vessels called at some point afterwards?
answers: zh_tw: text: 大白艦隊
en: text: the Great White Fleet
壓力管理

context: zh_tw: 理查德・拉赫以及其他人對人類壓力的後續研究確立了壓力是由不同且可測量的壓力因子所引起的，可以透過所產生的壓力程度中位數值來排列這些生命壓力因子（隨後發明了何慕斯與拉赫壓力量表）。因此，傳統上壓力被形塑為超出當事者控制的外部干擾結果。然而，最近研究認為外部環境沒有任何能力產生壓力，而是由個人看法、能力和理解不同所產生的結果。
qas: question: zh_tw: 最近關於外部環境在誘導動物壓力方面的作用所爭論的是什麼？
en: What  is the more recent argument about role of exterenal circumstances in inducing stress in animals?
answers: zh_tw: text: 外部環境沒有任何能力產生壓力，而是由個人看法、能力和理解不同所產生的結果

context: zh_tw: 壓力水準是可以測量的，其中一種方法是使用心理量表：何慕斯與拉赫壓力量表用於評估生活壓力事件，憂鬱焦慮壓力測量表是包含自我評估專案的壓力量表。還可以用血壓和皮膚電流活動的變化來測量壓力水準及改變。數位溫度計可用於評估皮膚溫度的變化，這可以顯示因戰鬥或逃跑反應而驅使血液從四肢流向中央的狀況。皮質醇是在壓力反應期間釋放的主要激素，從頭髮測量皮質醇可顯示個體在 60 至 90 天內的基礎壓力水準。這種測量壓力的方法是目前診所最流行的方法。
qas: question: zh_tw: 可以測量什麼？
en: What can be tested?
answers: zh_tw: text: 壓力水準及改變
比利・喬爾
Billy Joel

context: zh_tw: 比利・喬與哥倫比亞的第一張專輯是《Piano Man》，發表於 1973 年。儘管銷量一般，主打歌《Piano Man》卻成為了他的招牌歌曲，幾乎所有的演唱會結尾曲都用上了這首歌。1977 年推出專輯《The Stranger》獲得巨大的商業成功，其中有四首歌曲打上「告示牌排行榜」前 25 位，包括：《Just the Way You Are》、《Movin' Out（安東尼之歌）》、《Only the Good Die Young》和《She's Always a Woman》。這是比利的第一張排行榜十大專輯，它被認證有多白金的銷量，並達到排行榜第二位，成為哥倫比亞唱片最暢銷的專輯。
en: Columbia Records introduced Joel to Phil Ramone, who would produce all of Joel's studio albums from The Stranger (1977) to The Bridge (1986). The Stranger was an enormous commercial success, yielding four Top-25 hits on the Billboard charts: "Just the Way You Are" (#3), "Movin' Out" (#17), "Only the Good Die Young" (#24), and "She's Always a Woman" (#17). Joel's first Top Ten album, The Stranger was certified multi-platinum and reached number two on the charts, outselling Simon & Garfunkel's Bridge over Troubled Water, Columbia's previous best-selling album. The Stranger also featured "Scenes from an Italian Restaurant", an album-oriented rock classic, which has become one of his best-known songs.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪首歌位列 17 名？
en: What song was ranked 17?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《Movin' Out（安東尼之歌）》
en: text: Movin' Out
英格瑪・伯格曼
Ingmar Bergman

context: zh_tw: 雖然英格瑪・柏格曼在 1978 年年中才從慕尼黑繼續經營事業，但是他似乎已經克服一些來自母國給他的痛苦。這年七月他回到瑞典，在法羅島慶祝他六十歲生日，並且恢復他部分在皇家劇院導演工作。為了使他的迴歸增光，瑞典電影學院設立了一個新獎項─「英格瑪・柏格曼獎」（Ingmar Bergman Prize）以獎勵年度在電影製作上有傑出表現的人。然而，他在 1984 年之前依然待在慕尼黑。有一個完成於 2005 年的法羅島對於柏格曼最後的訪談中，柏格曼提到在自我放逐的日子中傷害非常大，他實際上失去了人生中珍貴的八年時光。 柏格曼於 2003 年 12 月從電影工作中退休。他在 2006 年 10 月動了臀部手術並且復原得很慢。2007 年 7 月 30 日，他在睡夢中 於他法羅島的家中安祥地過世，享壽 89 歲。另一個知名的電影導演米開朗基羅・安東尼奧尼也在同一天過世。2007 年 8 月 18 日，他在法羅島私人喪禮中下葬。他與其最後一任妻子英格麗・伯格曼（婚前名 Ingrid von Rosen，注意不是瑞典著名女星英格麗・褒曼，兩人同名）共同葬於法羅教堂（fårö kykan）。雖然他葬於法羅島，但是他的名字與生日已經在他死前數年就刻寫在斯德哥爾摩省 Norrtälje 自治區 Roslagsbro 墓園中他妻子的名字下面，代表他曾經希望葬在這裡。
en: Although he continued to operate from Munich, by mid-1978 Bergman had overcome some of his bitterness toward the Swedish government. In July of that year he visited Sweden, celebrating his sixtieth birthday on the island of Fårö, and partly resumed his work as a director at Royal Dramatic Theatre. To honour his return, the Swedish Film Institute launched a new Ingmar Bergman Prize to be awarded annually for excellence in filmmaking. Still, he remained in Munich until 1984. In one of the last major interviews with Bergman, conducted in 2005 on the island of Fårö, Bergman said that despite being active during the exile, he had effectively lost eight years of his professional life.
qas: question: zh_tw: 柏格曼在 2005 年的最後訪談中提到什麼？
en: What did Bergman say during his last interview conducted in 2005?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在自我放逐的日子中傷害非常大，他實際上失去了人生中珍貴的八年時光
en: text: despite being active during the exile, he had effectively lost eight years of his professional life
索菲 (漢諾威選侯夫人)
Sophia of Hanover

context: zh_tw: 儘管比安妮女王年歲大得多，索菲婭的健康狀況卻更好一些。1714 年，索菲婭在黑倫豪森庭園散步時突遇大雨而跑步躲雨，隨即她因此病倒並且離世，時年 83 歲。索菲婭於 1714 年 6 月 9 日下葬。她的長子，漢諾威選帝侯格奧爾格・路德維希在數星期後繼承英國王位，稱 “喬治一世”。索菲婭的女兒漢諾威的索菲・夏洛特（德語：Sophie Charlotte von Hannover，1668 年 —1705 年）與後來成為普魯士國王的腓特烈一世結婚。這種德國王室與英國王室的聯絡以及之後數代的婚姻關係成為第一次世界大戰裡的伏筆。
en: Although considerably older than Queen Anne, Sophia enjoyed much better health. According to the Countess of Bückeburg in a letter to Sophia's niece, the Raugravine Luise, on 5 June 1714 Sophia felt ill after receiving an angry letter from Queen Anne. Two days later she was walking in the gardens of Herrenhausen when she ran to shelter from a sudden downpour of rain and collapsed and died, aged 83—a very advanced age for the era. Just over a month later, in August, Queen Anne died at the age of 49. Had Anne predeceased Sophia, Sophia would have been the oldest person to ascend the British throne.
qas: question: zh_tw: 她離世時，年幾歲？
en: Wat what age did she die?
answers: zh_tw: text: 83
en: text: 83
細嘴兀鷲
Slender-billed vulture

context: zh_tw: 細嘴兀鷲呈灰色，臀部較為淡色，尾底也是灰色的。大腿]] 呈白色。頸部很長，沒有羽毛及呈黑色。頭部黑色，喙較為窄。耳孔很明顯。
en: At 80 to 95 cm (31 to 37 in), in length, this mid-sized vulture is about the same size as its sister species, the Indian vulture. This vulture is mostly grey with a pale rump and grey undertail coverts. The thighs have whitish down. The neck is long, bare, skinny and black. The black head is angular and narrow with the dark bill appearing narrow midway. The ear opening is prominent and exposed.
qas: question: zh_tw: 兀鷲是什麼顏色？
en: what color is the vulture?
answers: zh_tw: text: 灰色，臀部較為淡色，尾底也是灰色的。
en: text: mostly grey with a pale rump and grey undertail coverts
智商
Intelligence quotient

context: zh_tw: 1996 年，美國心理學協會資助的智商調查活動顯示不同種族之間的智力差距十分顯著，這涉及一個先天與後天的問題。包括艾倫・S・考夫曼 、南森・布羅迪 在內的心理學家和包括伯尼・德夫林在內的統計學家 認為這要考慮到遺傳問題，而另外一些學者，例如理查德・尼斯貝特認為環境因素可以解決一切的組別差異。
en: The 1996 Task Force investigation on Intelligence sponsored by the American Psychological Association concluded that there are significant variations in IQ across races. The problem of determining the causes underlying this variation relates to the question of the contributions of "nature and nurture" to IQ. Psychologists such as Alan S. Kaufman and Nathan Brody and statisticians such as Bernie Devlin argue that there are insufficient data to conclude that this is because of genetic influences. A review article published in 2012 by leading scholars on human intelligence concluded, after reviewing the prior research literature, that group differences in IQ are best understood as environmental in origin.In considering disparities between test results of different ethnic groups, one might investigate the effects of stereotype threat (a situational predicament in which a person feels at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about the group(s) he identifies with), as well as culture and acculturation. This phenomenon has been criticized as a fiction of publication bias.
qas: question: zh_tw: 不同種族之間的什麼差距十分顯著？
en: What varies significantly across races?
answers: zh_tw: text: 智力
en: text: IQ
英國
United Kingdom

context: zh_tw: 英國總面積約 243,610 平方公里（94,060 平方英里）。它佔有不列顛群島大部分地方，當中包括整個不列顛島、愛爾蘭島東北（面積佔整個愛爾蘭島 1/6）和一些圍繞不列顛群島的小島嶼。該國坐落在北大西洋和北海之間，東南海岸朝向法國，距離法國北部海岸 35 公里（22 英里），中間被英吉利海峽分隔，另外還有十四塊海外領土分佈在世界上不同地方。根據一個 1993 年的調查，英國 10％的國土是森林，其中 46％用作畜牧業用途，另有 25％用作農業用途。倫敦格林威治天文臺是本初子午線的起點。
en: The total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 244,820 square kilometres (94,530 sq mi). The country occupies the major part of the British Isles archipelago and includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland and some smaller surrounding islands. It lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea with the south-east coast coming within 22 miles (35 km) of the coast of northern France, from which it is separated by the English Channel. In 1993 10 per cent of the UK was forested, 46 per cent used for pastures and 25 per cent cultivated for agriculture. The Royal Greenwich Observatory in London was chosen as the defining point of the Prime Meridian in Washington in 1884, though it no longer is.The United Kingdom lies between latitudes 49° and 61° N, and longitudes 9° W and 2° E. Northern Ireland shares a 224-mile (360 km) land boundary with the Republic of Ireland. The coastline of Great Britain is 11,073 miles (17,820 km) long. It is connected to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel, which at 31 miles (50 km) (24 miles (38 km) underwater) is the longest underwater tunnel in the world.England accounts for just over half (53 per cent) of the total area of the UK, covering 130,395 square kilometres (50,350 sq mi). Most of the country consists of lowland terrain, with mountainous terrain north-west of the Tees-Exe line; including the Cumbrian Mountains of the Lake District, the Pennines, Exmoor and Dartmoor. The main rivers and estuaries are the Thames, Severn and the Humber. England's highest mountain is Scafell Pike (978 metres (3,209 ft)) in the Lake District.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼分隔了英國領土？
en: What is the UK separated by?
answers: zh_tw: text: 英吉利海峽
en: text: English Channel
2019 年亞足聯亞洲盃
2019 AFC Asian Cup

context: zh_tw: 球隊排名會根據積分多寡來定出（勝出得 3 分、賽和得 1 分、落敗得 0 分）。如果積分相同，會再按照下列規則來確定排名：
en: Teams were ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss), and if tied on points, the following tiebreaking criteria were applied, in the order given, to determine the rankings:
qas: question: zh_tw: 這三個團隊依據什麼來排名？
en: What were the three teams ranked on?
answers: zh_tw: text: 積分
en: text: points
甲醇
Methanol

context: zh_tw: 甲醇（英語：Methanol，或 Methyl alcohol；分子式：CH3OH 或 MeOH）又稱羥基甲烷、木醇（wood alcohol）與木精（wood spirits），是一種有機化合物，為最簡單的醇類。甲醇有「木醇」與「木精」之名，源自於曾經其主要的生產方式是自木醋液（為木材乾餾或裂解的產物之一）萃取。現代甲醇是直接從一氧化碳，二氧化碳和氫的一個催化作用的工業過程中製備。
en: Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol among others, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated MeOH). Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced chiefly by the destructive distillation of wood.  Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.Methanol is the simplest alcohol, consisting of a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group. It is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol). Methanol is however far more toxic than ethanol. At room temperature, it is a polar liquid. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.
qas: question: zh_tw: 甲醇也被稱為哪型別的酒精？
en: Methanol is also called what type of alcohol?
answers: zh_tw: text: 木醇
en: text: wood alcohol
西德尼・謝爾頓
Sidney Sheldon

context: zh_tw: 席尼・薛爾頓（Sidney Sheldon，也譯：席尼・薛爾頓，1917 年 2 月 11 日－2007 年 1 月 30 日）是一位美國作家，他一生共創作 18 部小說，其中許多作品都是暢銷書，全世界累計銷售至今已達 3 億冊。西德尼・謝爾頓也是一位成功的劇作家和電影編輯：包括為百老匯音樂劇、好萊塢電影以及電視連續劇創作劇本，而他在這三個領域還分別獲得各自的最高獎項 —— 託尼獎（1959 年，音樂劇《Redhead》），奧斯卡最佳原創劇本獎（1947 年，《單身漢與時髦女郎》，The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer），艾美獎（《我愛珍妮》，I Dream of Jeannie）。
en: Sheldon won an Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay (1947) for The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer, a Tony Award (1959) for his musical Redhead, and was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on I Dream of Jeannie, an NBC sitcom. Sheldon was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1988 had a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars dedicated to him in 1994.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他最早的獎項在哪一年獲得？
en: What year was his earliest award won?
answers: zh_tw: text: 西德尼・謝爾頓也是一位成功的劇作家和電影編輯：包括為百老匯音樂劇、好萊塢電影以及電視連續劇創作劇本，而他在這三個領域還分別獲得各自的最高獎項 —— 託尼獎（1959 年，音樂劇《Redhead》），奧斯卡最佳原創劇本獎（1947 年，《單身漢與時髦女郎》，The
en: text: 1947

question: zh_tw: 席尼・薛爾頓是哪國國籍？
en: What was the nationality of Sidney Sheldon?
answers: zh_tw: text: 美國

context: en: Sidney Sheldon (February 11, 1917 – January 30, 2007) was an American writer and producer.
qas: question: zh_tw: 席尼・薛爾頓是哪國國籍？
answers: en: text: American
CorelDRAW
CorelDRAW

context: zh_tw: 1984 年，邁克爾・考普蘭（Michael Cowpland）博士創立了 Corel 公司並且僱請了軟體工程師米歇爾・伯利昂（Michel Boullion）和帕特・貝爾尼（Pat Beirne）開發一個基於向量圖形的程式包。1987 年始，至 1989 年釋出第一款 CorelDRAW。CorelDRAW 1.0 引入了全綵向量插圖和版面設計程式，這在計算機圖形領域掀起了一場技術革新。兩年後，Corel 又推出了首款一體化圖形套件（CorelDRAW 3），將向量插圖、版面設計、照片編輯等眾多功能融於一個軟體包中。
en: In 1987, Corel engineers Michel Bouillon and Pat Beirne undertook to develop a vector-based illustration program to bundle with their desktop publishing systems. That program, CorelDraw, was initially released in 1989. CorelDraw 1.x and 2.x ran under Windows 2.x and 3.0. CorelDraw 3.0 came into its own with Microsoft's release of Windows 3.1. The inclusion of TrueType in Windows 3.1 transformed CorelDraw into a serious illustration program capable of using system-installed outline fonts without requiring third-party software such as Adobe Type Manager; paired with a photo-editing program (Corel Photo-Paint), a font manager and several other pieces of software, it was also part of the first all-in-one graphics suite.
qas: question: zh_tw: CorelDRAW 何時釋出的？
en: When was CorelDraw released
answers: zh_tw: text: 1989
en: text: 1989
鎳
Nickel

context: zh_tw: 鎳（niè）是一種化學元素，化學符號為 Ni，原子序數為 28。它是一種有光澤的銀白色金屬，其銀白色帶一點淡金色。鎳屬於過渡金屬，質硬，具延展性。純鎳的化學活性相當高，這種活性可以在反應表面積最大化的粉末狀態下看到，但大塊的鎳金屬與周圍的空氣反應緩慢，因為其表面已形成了一層帶保護性質的氧化物。即使如此，由於鎳與氧之間的活性夠高，所以在地球表面還是很難找到自然的金屬鎳。地球表面的自然鎳都被封在較大的鎳鐵隕石裡面，這是因為隕石在太空的時候接觸不到氧氣的緣故。在地球上，這種自然鎳總會和鐵結合在一起，這點反映出它們都是超新星核合成主要的最終產物。一般認為地球的地核就是由鎳鐵混合物所組成的。
en: Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. Pure nickel, powdered to maximize the reactive surface area, shows a significant chemical activity, but larger pieces are slow to react with air under standard conditions because an oxide layer forms on the surface and prevents further corrosion (passivation). Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually in ultramafic rocks, and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這帶什麼顏色？
en: What color is the tinge?
answers: zh_tw: text: 銀白色
en: text: silvery-white
砂拉越
Sarawak

context: zh_tw: 砂拉越一般上被分為三個生態區。其中沿海地帶的地勢平坦，並由沼澤和潮溼環境以及平原組成。砂拉越海灘包括位於古晉的巴西班讓海灘（Pasir Panjang）和達邁海灘（Damai Beach）、民都魯的丹絨巴都海灘（Tanjung Batu Beach）和丹絨羅邦公園（Tanjung Lobang）和美里的夏威夷沙灘。 其中多數市鎮都坐落於沿海地帶或是河流旁，如古晉（砂拉越河）和詩巫（拉讓江）的港口便是建立在河流旁，距離海岸有一段距離。民都魯和美里坐落於海岸線旁，面向南中國海。第三個區域是靠近著加里曼丹北方的高山地帶。其中包括位於加拉畢高原的巴里奧、姆魯高原（Murut Highlands）的巴卡拉蘭和位於肯雅高原（Kenyah Highlands）的烏山阿包。
en: Sarawak is divided into three ecoregions. The coastal region is rather low-lying and flat with large areas of swamp and other wet environments. Beaches in Sarawak include Pasir Panjang and Damai beaches in Kuching, Tanjung Batu beach in Bintulu, and Tanjung Lobang and Hawaii beaches in Miri. Hilly terrain accounts for much of the inhabited land and is where most of the cities and towns are found. The ports of Kuching and Sibu are built some distance from the coast on rivers while Bintulu and Miri are close to the coastline where the hills stretch right to the South China Sea. The third region is the mountainous region along the Sarawak–Kalimantan border, where a number of villages such as Bario, Ba'kelalan, and Usun Apau Plieran are located. A number of rivers flow through Sarawak, with the Sarawak River being the main river flowing through Kuching. The Rajang River is the longest river in Malaysia, measuring 563 kilometres (350 mi) including its tributary, Balleh River. To the north, the Baram, Limbang and Trusan Rivers drain into the Brunei Bay.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在沿海地區可以找到哪種棲息地？
en: What type of habitat is found along the coastal region?
answers: zh_tw: text: 沼澤
en: text: swamp
聽診器
Stethoscope

context: zh_tw: 在聽診器還未發明以前，醫生聽診一般採用 “直接聽診”，即用耳朵隔著一條手巾直接貼著病人身體來 “聽診”。這種方法有技術限制且不衛生。然而，從古希臘時代一直到近代一千多年，這種聽診方法毫無進展。
en: Electronic stethoscopes require conversion of acoustic sound waves to electrical signals which can then be amplified and processed for optimal listening. Unlike acoustic stethoscopes, which are all based on the same physics, transducers in electronic stethoscopes vary widely. The simplest and least effective method of sound detection is achieved by placing a microphone in the chestpiece. This method suffers from ambient noise interference and has fallen out of favor. Another method, used in Welch-Allyn's Meditron stethoscope, comprises placement of a piezoelectric crystal at the head of a metal shaft, the bottom of the shaft making contact with a diaphragm. 3M also uses a piezo-electric crystal placed within foam behind a thick rubber-like diaphragm. The Thinklabs' Rhythm 32  uses an electromagnetic diaphragm with a conductive inner surface to form a capacitive sensor. This diaphragm responds to sound waves, with changes in an electric field replacing changes in air pressure.  The Eko Core enables wireless transmission of heart sounds to a smartphone or tablet.
qas: question: zh_tw: 提到的方法最終結果是什麼？
en: What was the ultimate outcome of the method referenced?
answers: zh_tw: text: 毫無進展
en: text: fallen out of favor
義大利半島
Italian Peninsula

context: zh_tw: 義大利半島西面為第勒尼安海，南面為愛奧尼亞海，東面為亞得里亞海；整個亞平寧山脈橫亙其中，義大利的大部分國土也在其中，也因此得名。除了義大利，半島上還有聖馬利諾及梵蒂岡兩個國家。此外，此半島長期以來有靴子（義大利語：Lo Stivale）這個暱稱，這個名稱來自於它的形狀。卡拉布里亞被形容是足尖，薩蘭託被形容為足跟，加爾加諾（Gargano）則是馬刺。
en: The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula  (Italian: Penisola italiana, Penisola appenninica) is a peninsula extending 1,000 km (620 mi) from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south (about 44% of Italy's total area). The peninsula's shape gives it the nickname lo Stivale (the Boot). Three smaller peninsulas contribute to this characteristic shape, namely Calabria (the "toe"), Salento (the "heel") and Gargano (the "spur").
qas: question: zh_tw: Lo Stivale 翻譯過來的暱稱是什麼？
en: What is the translated nickname of lo Stivale?
answers: zh_tw: text: 靴子
en: text: the Boot
泛美航空 73 號班機劫機事件
Pan Am Flight 73

context: zh_tw: 20 人在劫持事件中被殺，其中 12 名來自印度，其餘為巴基斯坦人、美國人及墨西哥人。劫機者在巴基斯坦被捕並被判處死刑，但後來被改判終身監禁。
en: On September 5, 1986, the Boeing 747-121 serving the flight was hijacked while on the ground at Karachi by four armed Palestinian men of the Abu Nidal Organization. The aircraft, with 360 passengers on board, had just arrived from Bombay. A grand jury later concluded that the militants were planning to use the hijacked airliner to pick up Palestinian prisoners in both Cyprus and Israel.Forty-three passengers were injured or killed during the hijacking, including nationals from India, the United States, Pakistan, and Mexico. All the hijackers were arrested and sentenced to death in Pakistan. However, the sentences were later commuted to life in prison. Neerja Bhanot, head attendant on the flight, posthumously received India's highest peacetime award for bravery, the Ashok Chakra Award for her efforts to save passengers' lives during the course of the hijacking.
qas: question: zh_tw: 劫機者得到了什麼判決？
en: What sentence did the hijackers get?
answers: zh_tw: text: 死刑
en: text: death
克里斯蒂安・惠更斯
Christiaan Huygens

context: zh_tw: 克里斯蒂安・惠更斯（荷蘭語：Christiaan Huygens，1629 年 4 月 14 日－1695 年 7 月 8 日），荷蘭物理學家、天文學家和數學家，土衛六的發現者。他還發現了獵戶座大星雲和土星光環。
en: Christiaan Huygens  ( HY-gənz, HOY-; Dutch: [ˈɦœyɣə(n)s] (listen); Latin: Hugenius; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch physicist, mathematician, astronomer and inventor, who is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time and a major figure in the scientific revolution. In physics, Huygens made groundbreaking contributions in optics and mechanics, while as an astronomer he is chiefly known for his studies of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon Titan. As an inventor, he improved the design of the telescope with the invention of the Huygenian eyepiece. His most famous invention, however, was the invention of the pendulum clock in 1656, which was a breakthrough in timekeeping and became the most accurate timekeeper for almost 300 years. Because he was the first to use mathematical formulae to describe the laws of physics, Huygens has been called the first theoretical physicist and the founder of mathematical physics.In 1659, Huygens was the first to derive the now standard formula for the centripetal force in his work De vi centrifuga. The formula played a central role in classical mechanics. Huygens was also the first to formulate the correct laws of elastic collision in his work De motu corporum ex percussione, but his findings were not published until 1703, after his death. In the field of optics, he is best known for his wave theory of light, which he proposed in 1678 and described in 1690 in his Treatise on Light, which is regarded as the first mathematical theory of light. His theory was initially rejected in favor of Isaac Newton's corpuscular theory of light, until Augustin-Jean Fresnel adopted Huygens' principle in 1818 and showed that it could explain the rectilinear propagation and diffraction effects of light. Today this principle is known as the Huygens–Fresnel principle.
qas: question: zh_tw: 惠更斯出生於本月的哪一天？
en: On what day of the month was Huygens born?
answers: zh_tw: text: Huygens，1629 年 4 月 14 日－1695 年 7 月 8 日），荷蘭物理學家、天文學家和數學家，土衛六的發現者。
en: text: 14