zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
2016 年達拉斯警察槍擊案
2016 shooting of Dallas police officers

context: zh_tw: 談判期間，約翰遜表示他單獨行動，不隸屬於任何組織。他據報只想跟黑人警察說話。談判失敗後，對峙於次日凌晨 2 點 30 分結束，槍手被炸彈處置遙控車引爆的約 1 磅重的 C4 炸藥殺死。清查達拉斯市中心時沒發現爆炸物。
en: Officers opened negotiations for surrender but Johnson said he would speak to black police officers only. Johnson stated that he had acted alone and was not part of any group. According to Chief Brown, Johnson appeared delusional during his standoff; "We had negotiated with him for about two hours, and he just basically lied to us, playing games, laughing at us, singing, asking how many did he get and that he wanted to kill some more." By about 2:30 a.m., Chief Brown saw no possibility of negotiating further and made the decision to use a bomb disposal remote control vehicle armed with about 1 pound (0.45 kilograms) of C-4 explosive. The plan was to move the robot to a point against a wall facing Johnson and then detonate the explosives. The robot exploded as intended, killing Johnson immediately. The robot, while sustaining damage to its extended arm, was still functional.It was later discovered that Johnson scrawled the letters "RB" in his own blood while in the college, apparently after being wounded while making his way up a stairwell. The meaning of "RB" and other markings made by Johnson was unclear, and investigators subsequently attempted to discern its meaning.Chief Brown said that during negotiations, Johnson declared he had placed explosives in downtown Dallas. A sweep of downtown Dallas found no presence of explosives.
qas: question: zh_tw: 約翰遜表示了什麼？
en: What did Johnson state?
answers: zh_tw: text: 約翰遜表示他單獨行動，不隸屬於任何組織
en: text: he had acted alone and was not part of any group.
輪狀病毒
Rotavirus

context: zh_tw: 輪狀病毒腸胃炎是一種中等或重度的急性疾病，會引起噁心、嘔吐、水狀腹瀉，以及低程度的發熱。當兒童受到這類病毒感染時，在症狀發生前大約會有兩天的潛伏期。症狀通常是從嘔吐開始，接著是四到八天的大量腹瀉。輪狀病毒感染比起其他細菌性腸胃炎更容易引起脫水的現象，也是輪狀病毒感染的最常見的死因。
en: Rotaviral enteritis is a mild to severe disease characterised by nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhoea and low-grade fever. Once a child is infected by the virus, there is an incubation period of about two days before symptoms appear. The period of illness is acute. Symptoms often start with vomiting followed by four to eight days of profuse diarrhoea. Dehydration is more common in rotavirus infection than in most of those caused by bacterial pathogens, and is the most common cause of death related to rotavirus infection.Rotavirus A infections can occur throughout life: the first usually produces symptoms, but subsequent infections are typically mild or asymptomatic, as the immune system provides some protection. Consequently, symptomatic infection rates are highest in children under two years of age and decrease progressively towards 45 years of age. The most severe symptoms tend to occur in children six months to two years of age, the elderly, and those with  immunodeficiency. Due to immunity acquired in childhood, most adults are not susceptible to rotavirus; gastroenteritis in adults usually has a cause other than rotavirus, but asymptomatic infections in adults may maintain the transmission of infection in the community. There is some evidence to suggest blood group secretor status and the predominant bacteria in the gut can impact on the susceptibility to infection by rotaviruses.
qas: question: zh_tw: 感染病毒的症狀是什麼？
en: What are symptoms of virus?
answers: zh_tw: text: 從嘔吐開始，接著是四到八天的大量腹瀉。
en: text: vomiting followed by four to eight days of profuse diarrhoea
泛阿拉伯運動會
Pan Arab Games

context: zh_tw: 泛阿拉伯運動會（阿拉伯語：دورة الألعاب العربية‎）是由阿拉伯世界的國家間舉行的區域性綜合運動會。首屆泛阿拉伯運動會在 1953 年於埃及亞歷山卓舉辦。由於政治動亂與財政困難使得這個運動會並非是穩定地每四年舉辦一次。女性運動員第一次被允許參賽是在 1985 年。泛阿拉伯運動會原於 2015 年在約旦安曼主辦，但因為阿拉伯國家動盪不安而取消，而目前這個運動會也因為這樣而暫時中止也未決定 2019 年在哪舉辦。
en: The Arab Games (Arabic: الألعاب العربية‎), also called the Pan Arab Games, are a regional multi-sport event held between nations from the Arab world. They are organized by the Union of Arab National Olympic Committees. The first Games took place in 1953 in Alexandria, Egypt. Intended to be held every four years since, political turmoil as well as financial difficulties have made the event an unstable one. Women were first allowed to compete in 1985.
qas: question: zh_tw: 女性何時首次被獲准參加在埃及舉行的奧運會？
en: When were women first allowed to compete in the Games in Egypt?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1985
en: text: 1985
哈坎・恰爾汗奧盧
Hakan Çalhanoğlu

context: zh_tw: 哈坎・恰爾汗奧盧（土耳其語：Hakan Çalhanoğlu；1994 年 2 月 8 日－）是一名土耳其足球運動員，司職前腰。現效力意甲球隊 AC 米蘭，他也是土耳其國家足球隊成員。
en: Hakan Çalhanoğlu (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈhaːkan ˈtʃaɫhanoːɫu], born 8 February 1994) is a German-born Turkish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Milan and a midfielder for the Turkey national team.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哈坎在哪隊當邊鋒？
en: What team does Hakan play winger for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 米蘭
en: text: Milan
自由寫作
Free writing

context: zh_tw: 有時候，作者也可以設定自由書寫的主題，以選定的主題來組織想法。從這個主題向外擴充套件，想法可能脫離原本的主題，出現更形而上的想法。這個技巧可幫助作者在正式寫作前，更深入發掘主題。
en: The technique involves continuous writing, usually for a predetermined period of time (often five to fifteen minutes). The writer writes without regard to spelling, grammar, etc., and makes no corrections.  If the writer reaches a point where they can't think of anything to write, it is presumed they will write that they can't think of anything or repeat words, until they find another line of thought. The writer freely strays off topic, letting thoughts lead where they may. At times, a writer may also do a focused freewrite, letting a chosen topic structure their thoughts. Expanding from this topic, the thoughts may stray to make connections and create more abstract views on the topic. This technique helps a writer explore a particular subject before putting ideas into a more basic context.
qas: question: zh_tw: 專注的自由寫作技巧的目的是什麼？
en: What is the purpose of the focused freewrite technique?
answers: zh_tw: text: 這個技巧可幫助作者在正式寫作前，更深入發掘主題。
en: text: helps a writer explore a particular subject before putting ideas into a more basic context
濫權
Abuse of power

context: zh_tw: 權力的濫用在「公務不當行為」或「官員瀆職」的形式下，是人履行公職時在其職務範疇下犯下的非法行為。這些行為或會影響其職務表現。辦公室瀆職往往會導致民選官員被引用法規而被罷免。濫用權力也意味著有人使用他已有的權力謀取私利。
en: Abuse of power, in the form of "malfeasance in office" or "official misconduct," is the commission of an unlawful act, done in an official capacity, which affects the performance of official duties. Malfeasance in office is often grounds for a for cause removal of an elected official by statute or recall election. Abuse of power can also mean a person using the power they have for their own personal gain.
qas: question: zh_tw: 如果一個人強迫下屬為自己的餐費買單，那麼這個上級濫用了什麼？
en: If a person forces their subordinate to pay for their meals what is the superior abusing?
answers: zh_tw: text: 權力
en: text: power
矮行星候選者列表
List of possible dwarf planets

context: zh_tw: 在 2008 年，修改了這類天體命名的程式，對可能成為矮行星的候選者給予不同於其他小行星的待遇。天體都有其絕對星等 (H)，至少不能低於 +1（這意味著直徑要大於 838 公里（521 英里），除非它的反照率是 100%)，並且要經由兩個命名委員會審視與監督，一個是關於小行星，另一個是行星的命名。一旦命名，這個天體會被公開宣稱是顆矮行星。妊神星和鳥神星是目前僅有透過此一程式認定的矮行星，而且也還沒有其他天體走完此一程式獲得認定。其他的小天體只要透過小行星命名委員會，但國際天文學聯合會並未說明他們會如何接受，以及成為矮行星時會如何處理。
en: In 2008, the IAU modified its naming procedures such that objects considered most likely to be dwarf planets receive differing treatment than others. Objects that have an absolute magnitude (H) less than +1, and hence a minimum diameter of 838 kilometres (521 mi) if the albedo is below 100%, are overseen by two naming committees, one for minor planets and one for planets. Once named, the objects are declared to be dwarf planets. Makemake and Haumea are the only objects to have proceeded through the naming process as presumed dwarf planets; currently there are no other bodies that meet this criterion. All other bodies are named by the minor-planet naming committee alone, and the IAU has not stated how or if they will be accepted as dwarf planets.
qas: question: zh_tw: 一旦命名，它們被宣稱為什麼？
en: What are they declared after being named?
answers: zh_tw: text: 矮行星
en: text: dwarf planets
生物放大作用
Biomagnification

context: zh_tw: 金屬是不降解的，因為它們是元素。生物，尤其是那些自然中受高水平暴露於接觸的金屬的生物，是具有機制來螯合和排洩金屬。問題出現當生物體暴露於比通常更高濃度時，它們排洩的速度不夠快到可以防止受損害。一些永續性重金屬對於生物體的生殖系統特別有害。
en: Metals are not degradable because they are elements. Organisms, particularly those subject to naturally high levels of exposure to metals, have mechanisms to sequester and excrete metals. Problems arise when organisms are exposed to higher concentrations than usual, which they cannot excrete rapidly enough to prevent damage. Some persistent heavy metals are especially dangerous and harmful to the organism's reproductive system.
qas: question: zh_tw: 問題什麼時候發生的？
en: when do problems occur?
answers: zh_tw: text: 當生物體暴露於比通常更高濃度時
en: text: when organisms are exposed to higher concentrations than usual
Forever 21
Forever 21

context: zh_tw: Forever 21，風格化為 FOREVER 21，是一家總部位於加利福尼亞州洛杉磯的美國快時尚零售商。 Forever 21 始於 1984 年，位於加利福尼亞州洛杉磯的 Highland Park，名為 Fashion 21，面積為 900 平方英尺（84 平方米），現已發展成為 Forever 21，XXI Forever，Love 21 和 Heritage 等的服裝系列 600 多家商店在美洲，亞洲，中東和英國。Forever 21 以其時尚的產品和低廉的價格而聞名。超過 60％的服裝是在中國生產的，平均商店面積為 38,000 平方英尺（3,500 平方米）。 該公司銷售女士，男士和女孩的配飾，美容產品，家居用品和服裝。 該公司一直當事於各種爭議，從勞工實踐問題到侵犯版權的宗教信仰。 這些服裝出售給所有年齡段，從幼兒到成人。
en: Forever 21, stylized as FOREVER 21, is an American fast fashion retailer headquartered in Los Angeles, California. Forever 21 began as the store called Fashion 21 with 900 square feet (84 m2) in Highland Park, Los Angeles,  in 1984, and has grown into the clothing lines Forever 21, XXI Forever, Love 21 and Heritage with over 700 stores in the Americas, Asia, the Middle East and the UK.Forever 21 is known for its trendy offerings and low pricing. the average store size is 38,000 square feet (3,500 m2). The company sells accessories, beauty products, home goods and clothing for women, men and girls. The company has been involved in various controversies, ranging from labor practice issues to copyright infringement accusations to religion. The clothing is sold to all ages, from toddler to adult.
qas: question: zh_tw: Forever 21 銷售什麼衣服？
en: What clothing does Forever 21 sell?
answers: zh_tw: text: 女士，男士和女孩的配飾
en: text: clothing for women, men and girls
冰島
Iceland

context: zh_tw: 冰島（冰島語：Ísland）是北大西洋中的一個島國，位於北大西洋和北冰洋的交匯處，通常被視為北歐五國之一。冰島國土面積為 10.3 萬平方公里，人口約為 35 萬，儘管面積不大，卻是歐洲人口密度最小的國家，也是世界範圍內人口密度很小的國家之一。冰島的首都是雷克雅維克，也是冰島的最大城市，首都附近的西南地區人口占全國的三分之二。冰島地處大西洋中洋脊上，是一個多火山、地質活動頻繁的國家。內陸主要是平原地貌，境內多分佈沙質地、冷卻的熔岩平原和冰川。冰島雖然位於北極圈邊緣，但有北大西洋暖流所以氣溫適中。
en: Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland; [ˈistlant] (listen)) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of 358,780 and an area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík, with Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country being home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.
qas: question: zh_tw: 冰島有什麼樣的氣候？
en: What kind of climate does Iceland have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 氣溫適中
en: text: temperate
標準石油
Standard Oil

context: zh_tw: 在 1870 年，俄亥俄州，約翰・洛克菲勒（John Rockefeller）、威廉・洛克菲勒（William Rockefeller）、亨利・弗拉格勒（Henry Flagler）、化學家塞繆爾・安德魯（Samuel Andrews），匿名合夥人史提芬・哈里斯（Stephen Harkness），與威廉的姐夫奧利弗・詹寧斯（Oliver Jennings）合夥建立了標準石油。在開始的 10,000 股中，洛克菲勒分得 2,667 股；威廉、亨利與塞繆爾各分得 1,333 股；史提芬分得 1,334 股；奧利弗分得 1,000 股；而洛克菲勒、安德魯與弗拉格勒公司（Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler）分得 1,000 股。通過後來受到廣泛批評的高效戰術，它在 1872 年的兩個月內吞併或者摧毀了它在克里夫蘭的大部分競爭者，在後來更是席捲美國東北部。
en: Standard Oil's pre-history began in 1863 as an Ohio partnership formed by industrialist John D. Rockefeller, his brother William Rockefeller, Henry Flagler, chemist Samuel Andrews, silent partner Stephen V. Harkness, and Oliver Burr Jennings, who had married the sister of William Rockefeller's wife. In 1870, Rockefeller abolished the partnership and incorporated Standard Oil in Ohio. Of the initial 10,000 shares, John D. Rockefeller received 2,667; Harkness received 1,334; William Rockefeller, Flagler, and Andrews received  1,333 each; Jennings received 1,000, and the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler received 1,000. Rockefeller chose the "Standard Oil" name as a symbol of the reliable "standards" of quality and service that he envisioned for the nascent oil industry.
qas: question: zh_tw: 標準石油怎麼開始的？
en: How did Standard Oil begin?
answers: zh_tw: text: 俄亥俄州，約翰・洛克菲勒（John Rockefeller）、威廉・洛克菲勒（William Rockefeller）、亨利・弗拉格勒（Henry Flagler）、化學家塞繆爾・安德魯（Samuel Andrews），匿名合夥人史提芬・哈里斯（Stephen Harkness），與威廉的姐夫奧利弗・詹寧斯（Oliver Jennings）合夥建立了標準石油
en: text: as an Ohio partnership
B-25 轟炸機撞擊帝國大廈事故
1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash

context: zh_tw: 當地時間早上 9:40，飛機撞上了帝國大廈北側 78 層和 80 層之間，在大廈外牆撞出了一個 18 英尺（5.5 米）×20 英尺（6.1 米）的洞，機上的燃油引發了爆炸。飛機殘骸中的燃油沿大廈外牆傾瀉而下，引發了大火。火焰蔓延到大廈的 75 層，整座大廈都 “變成了火把”。一個引擎擊穿了大樓，從撞擊點對面的大樓南側飛出，飛過一個街區後落在 900 英尺（270 米）外的一棟臨近建築的屋頂上，引發的火災燒燬了一間閣樓。另一個引擎和起落架的部分殘骸落入了電梯井中。事故引發了大火，上百名消防員被派遣到高處滅火，在當時成為紐約消防史上樓層最高的滅火任務，這一紀錄直至 2001 年九一一襲擊事件才被打破。大火持續燃燒了 40 分鐘後被撲滅，而這也是人類歷史上首次控制住這一高度的高層建築火災。大火撲滅後，整棟大廈依然保持完好，只有飛機殘骸仍然卡在建築中。事故共造成 14 人遇難。其中包括機上的飛行員史密斯與另外全部兩名機組人員：克里斯托弗・多米特洛維奇（Christopher Domitrovich）上士和搭乘飛機的航空機械士艾伯特・佩爾納（Albert Perna）。佩爾納的遺體沿電梯井落入了建築底部，事故兩天後才被搜救人員發現。另外建築物內也有 11 人遇難，這 11 人當時都在直接受到飛機撞擊的戰爭救濟服務社和國家天主教福利委員會辦公室。大廈內的電梯操作員貝蒂・露・奧利弗（Betty Lou Oliver）在事故中受傷後，搜救人員本想用電梯將她轉移至安全地帶，不料電梯纜繩已在事故中嚴重受損，轎廂下墜了 75 層，但電梯中的奧利弗卻得以倖存。她也因此成為吉尼斯世界紀錄中在電梯事故中下墜距離最長的倖存者。
en: On Saturday, July 28, 1945, Lieut. Col. William F. Smith Jr. was piloting a B-25 Mitchell bomber on a routine personnel transport mission from Bedford Army Air Field to Newark Airport. Smith asked for clearance to land, but he was advised of zero visibility. Proceeding anyway, he became disoriented by the fog and started turning right instead of left after passing the Chrysler Building.At 9:40 a.m., the aircraft crashed into the north side of the Empire State Building, between the 78th and 80th floors, carving an 18-by-20-foot (5.5 m × 6.1 m) hole in the building where the offices of the National Catholic Welfare Council were located. One engine shot through the South side opposite the impact and flew as far as the next block, dropping 900 feet (270 m) and landing on the roof of a nearby building and starting a fire that destroyed a penthouse art studio. The other engine and part of the landing gear plummeted down an elevator shaft. The resulting fire was extinguished in 40 minutes. It is still the only significant fire at such a height to be brought under control.Fourteen people were killed: Smith, two enlisted men aboard the bomber (Staff Sergeant Christopher Domitrovich and Albert Perna, a Navy Aviation Machinist's Mate, hitching a ride), and eleven people in the building. The remains of Navy hitchhiker Albert Perna were not found until two days later, when search crews discovered that his body had gone through an elevator shaft and fallen to the bottom. The other two crewmen were burned beyond recognition. Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver was injured when the cables supporting her elevator sheared and the elevator fell 75 stories, ending up in the basement. Oliver survived the fall, and rescuers found her amongst the rubble. This still stands as the Guinness World Record for the longest survived elevator fall.Despite the damage and loss of life, the building was open for business on many floors on the following Monday. The crash spurred the passage of the long-pending Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, as well as the insertion of retroactive provisions into the law, allowing people to sue the government for the accident.
qas: question: zh_tw: 載了奧利弗的電梯下墜了多遠？
en: How far did the elevator fall that was holding Oliver?
answers: zh_tw: text: 75 層
en: text: 75 stories
航海人員訓練、發證及航行當值標準國際公約
STCW Convention

context: zh_tw: 1978 年，國際海事組織於英國倫敦透過本公約決議，並於 1984 年開始生效；又於 1995 年大會修正案中大幅修正相關條約，通稱《1978 年航海人員訓練、發證及航行當值標準國際公約及 1995 年修正案》。
en: The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978 sets minimum qualification standards for masters, officers and watch personnel on seagoing merchant ships and large yachts. STCW was adopted in 1978 by conference at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in London, and entered into force in 1984. The Convention was significantly amended in 1995.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪年透過《航海人員訓練、發證及航行當值標準國際公約》？
en: what year was STCW adopted?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1978
en: text: 1978
冰島同性婚姻
Same-sex marriage in Iceland

context: zh_tw: 2009 年 4 月大選中勝出的冰島政府宣佈將會引入性別中立婚姻法案。2009 年 5 月 19 日，社會民主聯盟及左翼綠色運動聯合政府宣佈會採納「單一婚姻法案」。雖然沒有指明，但已暗示了法案會是性別中立的。反對黨冰島進步黨亦支援性別中立婚姻法案。2009 年 11 月 18 日，司法及人權部長確認冰島政府正在推行包括同性及異性伴侶的「單一婚姻法案」。2010 年 3 月 23 日，政府公佈草案，取消註冊伴侶法及容許不論性別的伴侶皆可結婚。2010 年 6 月 11 日，冰島國會以 49 票贊成、0 票反對、14 票棄權和缺席透過性別中立婚姻法。2010 年 6 月 27 日正式生效。
en: The Government of Iceland, elected in April 2009, announced the introduction of a gender-neutral marriage act at some point in the future. On 19 May 2009, it publicly stated that "a single marriage act will be adopted." Though it was not explicitly stated, it implied that the act would be gender-neutral. The opposition Progressive Party also supported gender-neutral marriage.On 18 November 2009, the Minister of Justice and Human Rights, Ragna Árnadóttir, confirmed that the Icelandic Government was working on a "single marriage act" which would include both opposite-sex and same-sex couples.
qas: question: zh_tw: 冰島政府何時採納「單一婚姻法案」？
en: The Government of Iceland adopted the single marriage act when?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2009 年 5 月 19 日
en: text: 19 May 2009
瘴氣
Miasma theory

context: zh_tw: 瘴氣（miasma）這個詞來自古希臘語，意思是「汙染」、「不純」、「不潔」。這個致病想法也透過中世紀義大利人訂定瘧疾的名字（字面意思是 “糟糕的空氣”）。Miasma 被認為是一種有毒蒸氣或薄霧，充滿了引起疾病的分解物質。這種想法認為疾病是環境因素的產物，如受汙染的水、惡臭和不良的衛生條件。這種感染不是在個體之間傳遞，而是會影響產生這種蒸氣的區域內的個體。而它的臭味可以辨認出來。
en: Miasma was considered to be a poisonous vapor or mist filled with particles from decomposed matter (miasmata) that caused illnesses. The miasmatic position was that diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions. Such infection was not passed between individuals but would affect individuals within the locale that gave rise to such vapors. It was identifiable by its foul smell. It was also initially believed that miasmas were propagated through worms from ulcers within those affected by a plague.In the 1st century BC, the Roman architectural writer Vitruvius described the potential effects of miasma (Latin nebula) from fetid swamplands when visiting a city:
qas: question: zh_tw: 何謂瘴氣的位置？
en: WHAT WAS MIASMATIC POSITION?
answers: zh_tw: text: 疾病是環境因素的產物，如受汙染的水、惡臭和不良的衛生條件
en: text: diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions
外切體複合物
Exosome complex

context: zh_tw: 第二個常見的結合蛋白質是 Rrp6（酵母中）或 PM/Scl-100（人體中）。與 Rrp44 相似，這一蛋白質也是水解核糖核酸外切酶，但它屬於核糖核酸酶 D 蛋白家族。 PM/Scl-100 蛋白在細胞核中的外切體複合物中最為常見，但也可以參與形成細胞質中的外切體複合物。
en: The second common associated protein is called Rrp6 (in yeast) or PM/Scl-100 (in human). Like Rrp44, this protein is a hydrolytic exoribonuclease, but in this case of the RNase D protein family. The protein PM/Scl-100 is most commonly part of exosome complexes in the nucleus of cells, but can form part of the cytoplasmic exosome complex as well.
qas: question: zh_tw: 第二個常見的結合蛋白質的名稱是什麼？
en: What is the name of the second common associated protein?
answers: zh_tw: text: Rrp6（酵母中）或 PM/Scl-100（人體中）
en: text: Rrp6 (in yeast) or PM/Scl-100 (in human)
經濟自由化
Economic liberalization

context: zh_tw: 例如在 1991 年，印度別無選擇地只能實行經濟改革。同樣在菲律賓，那些對憲章的爭議修改案，包括對 1987 年憲法的經濟限制性規定的修正。
en: Most high-income of the countries have pursued the path of economic liberalization in the recent decades with the stated goal of maintaining or increasing their competitiveness as business environments. Liberalization policies include partial or full privatisation of government institutions and assets, greater labour market flexibility, lower tax rates for businesses, less restriction on both domestic and foreign capital, open markets, etc. In support of liberalization, former British prime minister Tony Blair wrote that: "Success will go to those companies and countries which are swift to adapt, slow to complain, open and willing to change. The task of modern governments is to ensure that our countries can rise to this challenge."In developing countries, economic liberalization refers more to liberalization or further "opening up" of their respective economies to foreign capital and investments. Three of the fastest growing developing economies today; Brazil, China, and India, have achieved rapid economic growth in the past several years or decades, in part, from having "liberalized" their economies to foreign capital.Many countries nowadays, particularly those in the third world, arguably were given no choice but to "liberalize" their economies (privatise key industries to foreign ownership) in order to remain competitive in attracting and retaining both their domestic and foreign investments. This is referred to as the TINA factor, standing for "there is no alternative". For example, in 1991, India had little choice but to implement economic reforms. Similarly, in the Philippines, the contentious proposals for Charter Change include amending the economically restrictive provisions of their 1987 constitution.By this measure, an opposite of a liberalized economy are economies such as be North Korea's economy with their "self-sufficient" economic system that is closed to foreign trade and investment (see autarky). However, North Korea is not completely separate from the global economy, since it actively trades with China, through Dandong, a large border port and receives aid from other countries in exchange for peace and restrictions in their nuclear programme. Another example would be oil-rich countries such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, which see no need to further open up their economies to foreign capital and investments since their oil reserves already provide them with huge export earnings.
qas: question: zh_tw: 印度在 1991 年開始實施何種型別的改革？
en: What type of reforms did India initiate in 1991?
answers: zh_tw: text: 經濟
en: text: economic
伊斯蘭藝術
Islamic art

context: zh_tw: 在 1250 年從 Ayyubids 開始馬穆魯克王朝控制埃及，1261 年在敘利亞著名的統治者是 Baibars。嚴格來說，馬穆魯克王朝不維持父系繼承模式，事實上，馬穆魯克人釋放了土耳其和高加索的奴隸，該政治的模式為政府持續了三個世紀，直到 1517 年，併產生了大量的建築專案（成千上萬的建築物在此期間建造），而最引人注目的奢華藝術，主要是彩釉玻璃和金屬製品，令人憶起中世紀的埃及黃金時代。
en: In 1250, the Mamluks seized control of Egypt from the Ayyubids, and by 1261 had managed to assert themselves in Syria as well their most famous ruler was Baibars. The Mamluks were not, strictly speaking, a dynasty, as they did not maintain a patrilineal mode of succession; in fact, Mamluks were freed Turkish and Caucasian slaves, who (in theory) passed the power to others of like station. This mode of government persevered for three centuries, until 1517, and gave rise to abundant architectural projects (many thousands of buildings were constructed during this period), while patronage of luxury arts favored primarily enameled glass and metalwork, and is remembered as the golden age of medieval Egypt.  The "Baptistère de Saint-Louis" in the Louvre is an example of the very high quality of metalwork at this period.
qas: question: zh_tw: 馬穆魯克王朝哪一年開始進攻敘利亞？
en: What year did the Mamluks push their way into Syria?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1261
en: text: 1261
德國同性婚姻
Same-sex marriage in Germany

context: zh_tw: 2009 年 10 月 25 日，由基督教民主聯盟和自由民主黨所組成的聯合政府頒佈了新的政府計劃。其中規定將移除所有存在於（同性）生活伴侶關係以及（異性）婚姻關係之間的不平等。基本上，2009 年 10 月 22 日憲法法院所作出的判決內容將被制定到法律中。不過，政府並沒有提到關於收養的權利。
en: On 25 October 2009, the Government Programme of the new Christian Democratic-Free Democratic coalition was released. It stipulated that tax inequality between (same-sex) life partners and (opposite-sex) married couples would be removed and would codify into law the Constitutional Court's ruling of 22 October 2009. However, the Government Programme did not mention adoption rights.On 17 August 2010, the Federal Constitutional Court ruled that the surviving partners of registered partnerships are entitled to the same inheritance tax rules as the survivors of mixed-sex marriages. Surviving marital partners paid 7–30% inheritance tax while surviving registered partners paid 17–50%.On 18 February 2013, the Federal Constitutional Court broadened the adoption rights for registered partners. A partner must be allowed to adopt the other partner's adopted child, a so-called "successive adoption", and not only a partner's biological child. However, the Government did not bring up a vote in Parliament to change the adoption laws before it adjourned in June 2013. The Court gave the Parliament the deadline of 30 June 2014 to change the laws.On 6 June 2013, the Federal Constitutional Court ruled that registered partnerships should have joint tax filing benefits equal to those of married (opposite-sex) couples. The Parliament had to change the law retroactively, and did so within a month.
qas: question: zh_tw: 2009 年 10 月 25 日發生了何事？
en: What happened on the 25th of October in 2009?
answers: zh_tw: text: 由基督教民主聯盟和自由民主黨所組成的聯合政府頒佈了新的政府計劃
en: text: Government Programme of the new Christian Democratic-Free Democratic coalition was released
超價分子
Hypervalent molecule

context: zh_tw: 對八隅體規則的補充已經涉及到超價分子成鍵的離子鍵特徵。作為這些模型的中的一種，三中心四電子鍵模型在 1951 年被提出，這個模型使用簡單定性的分子軌道來解釋超價分子。3c-4e 鍵可以這樣描述，中心原子的 p 軌道與兩個配體的軌道線性組合形成分子軌道，這導致被佔據的非鍵軌道成為 HOMO，空置的反鍵軌道成為 LUMO。穆舍爾也推薦這種維持八隅體規則的模型。
en: Additional modifications to the octet rule have been attempted to involve ionic characteristics in hypervalent bonding. As one of these modifications, in 1951, the concept of the 3-center 4-electron (3c-4e) bond, which described hypervalent bonding with a qualitative molecular orbital, was proposed. The 3c-4e bond is described as three molecular orbitals given by the combination of a p atomic orbital on the central atom and an atomic orbital from each of the two ligands on opposite sides of the central atom. Only one of the two pairs of electrons is occupying a molecular orbital that involves bonding to the central atom, the second pair being non-bonding and occupying a molecular orbital composed of only atomic orbitals from the two ligands. This model in which the octet rule is preserved was also advocated by Musher.
qas: question: zh_tw: 3c-4e 鍵中有多少軌道？
en: How many orbitals are in 3c-4e?
answers: zh_tw: text: 三
en: text: three
密西根州議會大廈
Michigan State Capitol

context: zh_tw: 其他與底特律競爭新首府的城市還包括安娜堡、傑克遜、以及大瀑布市。競爭的程度激烈到其中一個候選城市 —Marshall— 的官員在結果出來之前就已經開始建造新的州長官邸。在經過激烈的辯論之後，州參議員喬瑟夫・H・基爾柏 (Joseph H. Kilbourne) 提出將在當時默默無名的蘭辛作為新的首府，最後在 1847 年州議會終於同意將位於安娜堡以北、底特律以西、Grand Rapids 以東的蘭辛作為一個合適的妥協地點。州議會隨後將其命名為密西根鎮（Town of Michigan），不過在 1848 年又恢復為原名蘭辛。蘭辛的新州政府大樓於 1847 年時動工興建，同時在隔一條路的地方建造了一座樓房作為州政府的臨時辦公地點。該座樓房是一幢簡易的兩層木製建築，外面塗有白漆外加綠色木製遮陽板，頂端則有錫制圓頂，總建造為 $22,952.01 美元。當 1879 年新的永久州府大樓落成後，該臨時建築出售作為工廠，不幸與第一棟州議會大廈一樣，在 1882 年也毀於火災。
en: Prior to 1847, Detroit fought to maintain the Capitol within its jurisdiction, but communities in the growing western part of the state had many reasons for wanting a move inland, including the need to increase defensibility by moving the state government away from the Canada–US border. Detroit had been occupied during the War of 1812, and the border area of Michigan of less than a mile between Detroit and Windsor, Ontario, at the Detroit River continued to be occupied by British troops on both banks. Proponents of moving the capitol also sought to promote settlement and the economy in the interior, as well as making the government more accessible to the people throughout the state.Contenders seeking designation as the new Capitol included Ann Arbor, Jackson, Grand Rapids, and Shiawassee Township in Shiawassee County. At one point during the debate, Marshall officials were so certain of its selection that they built a governor's mansion. After extensive debate, State Senator Joseph H. Kilbourne of Ingham County proposed that the nearly uninhabited Lansing Township be made the seat of government. The legislature agreed, with the location north of Ann Arbor, west of Detroit, and east of Grand Rapids being deemed a suitable compromise. The legislature renamed it as the Town of Michigan, though by 1848 the original name of Lansing was restored.Construction began in 1847 on the state capitol building in Lansing, a temporary structure on the block bordered by Washington Avenue, Capitol Avenue, Allegan Street, and Washtenaw Street. It was a simple two-story wood frame structure, painted white with green wooden shutters and topped by a tin cupola. The total cost for construction was $22,952.01 ($620,000 in 2019). The building was sold when the permanent capitol building opened in 1879. It was then used as a factory until, like the first capitol, it was destroyed by a fire in 1882.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這個建築哪一年被火燒燬？
en: What year was the building demolished by burning flames?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1882
en: text: 1882
開光
First light (astronomy)

context: zh_tw: 開光，在天文學中，是天文儀器（一般來說都是新儀器）在建造完成之後，第一次觀測或取得影像的行為，但這通常不是第一次使用這架望遠鏡進行觀測，因為在此之前已經在白天進行許多次的光學調整和組裝的測試。開光的影像通常只有少許的科學意義和品質不佳的成品，因為還需要調整望遠鏡的各種不同元件，才能達到最佳的效果。通常，會選擇一個著名的壯觀天體作為物件，儘管如此，開光總是令人興奮與期待的時刻，不僅是設計和修建望遠鏡的工作人員，也包括與之相關的天文學社群。
en: In astronomy, first light is the first use of a telescope (or, in general, a new instrument) to take an astronomical image after it has been constructed. This is often not the first viewing using the telescope; optical tests will probably have been performed in daylight to adjust the components. The first light image is normally of little scientific interest and is of poor quality, since the various telescope elements are yet to be adjusted for optimum efficiency. Despite this, a first light is always a moment of great excitement, both for the people who design and build the telescope and for the astronomical community, who may have anticipated the moment for many years while the telescope was under construction. A well-known and spectacular astronomical object is usually chosen as a subject.
qas: question: zh_tw: 「開光」是哪個領域的術語？
en: In what field is the term first light used?
answers: zh_tw: text: 天文學
en: text: astronomy
閃爍比對器
Blink comparator

context: zh_tw: 間隔數天拍攝同一天區的夜空照片，如果有像是小行星和彗星這種快速移動的天體，它們會在兩個位置之間來回的跳動，而所有期的恆星都是靜靜地不動。間隔較長時間拍攝的照片，可以用來檢測有著較大自行的恆星，或是變星，或是從光學雙星中篩選出聯星。
en: A blink comparator was a viewing apparatus used by astronomers to find differences between two photographs of the night sky.  It permitted rapidly switching from viewing one photograph to viewing the other, "blinking" back and forth between the two taken of the same area of the sky at different times.  This allowed the user to more easily spot objects in the night sky that changed position.  It was also sometimes known as a blink microscope.  It was invented by physicist Carl Pulfrich at Carl Zeiss AG, then constituted as Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung, in 1904.In photographs taken a few days apart, rapidly moving objects such as asteroids and comets would stand out, because they would appear to be jumping back and forth between two positions, while all the other fixed stars remained stationary.  Photographs taken at longer intervals could be used to detect stars with large proper motion, or variable stars, or to distinguish binary stars from optical doubles.
qas: question: zh_tw: 聯星常被誤會成什麼？
en: What are binary stars often mistakened by?
answers: zh_tw: text: 光學雙星
en: text: optical doubles
漢斯・奧斯特
Hans Christian Ørsted

context: zh_tw: 漢斯・克海斯提安・奧斯特（丹麥語：Hans Christian Ørsted，1777 年 8 月 14 日－1851 年 3 月 9 日），丹麥物理學家、化學家和文學家。在物理學領域，他首先發現載流導線的電流會產生作用力於磁針，使磁針改變方向。在化學領域，他發現了鋁元素。十九世紀後期，在科學方面的後康德哲學和演進，由於他的寫作而更見雛形。他建立了「思想實驗」這名詞，他也是第一位明確地描述思想實驗的現代思想家。
en: Hans Christian Ørsted (; Danish: [hæns kʰʁæstjæn ˈɶɐ̯stɛð]; often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. Oersted's law and the oersted (Oe) are named after him.
qas: question: zh_tw: 奧斯特德定律用誰的名字命名？
en: Who is Oersteds law named after?
answers: zh_tw: text: 漢斯・克海斯提安・奧斯特
en: text: Hans Christian Ørsted
埃斯蒂爾縣 (肯塔基州)
Estill County, Kentucky

context: zh_tw: 縣內人口結構為 24.2% 在 18 歲以下、9.1% 在 18 至 24 歲之間、29.2% 在 25 至 44 歲之間、24.2% 在 45 至 64 歲之間、13.5% 在 65 歲以上。平均年齡為 37 歲。女子對男子的性別比為 100：93.8，成年人的性別比為 100：91.2。
en: In the county, the population was spread out with 24.20% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 29.20% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 13.50% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 93.80 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.20 males.
qas: question: zh_tw: 每 100 名女性中有多少名男性？
en: how many males per 100 females?
answers: zh_tw: text: 91.2
en: text: 91.2
夏爾・尼科勒
Charles Nicolle

context: zh_tw: 尼科勒出生於法國魯昂，他的父親是當地醫院的一位醫師，因此他很早便開始學習生物學知識。1893 年，他獲得了巴斯德研究院授與的醫學博士學位。之後他回到魯昂。
en: He learned about biology early from his father Eugène Nicolle, a doctor at a Rouen hospital. He was educated at the Lycée Pierre Corneille in Rouen. He received his M.D. in 1893 from the Pasteur Institute.  At this point he returned to Rouen, as a member of the Medical Faculty until 1896 and then as Director of the Bacteriological Laboratory.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他何時獲得博士學位？
en: When was his MD received?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1893
en: text: 1893
新春攻勢
Tet Offensive

context: zh_tw: 聯軍估計北越軍在順化的激戰中陣亡 2,500 到 5,000 人，89 人被俘。 216 名美國陸軍和陸戰隊陣亡，1609 人受傷。南越軍陣亡 421 人傷 2,123 人，失蹤 31 人。在 140,000 名原住人口中，超過 5,800 人口死亡，116,000 人無家可歸。在奪回城市後發現了幾個埋葬平民的大型集體葬坑（最晚的一個於 1970 年發現），這引發了直至今日的爭議。受害者有棒毆致死的，有被槍殺的還有活埋的。聯軍給出的解釋是北越軍剛攻下城市時就開始大規模地以 “再教育” 的名義系統地拘捕平民，然後加以殺害，共有 2800 名被認為是對共產黨統治潛在有害的人被殺。被關押起來的人包括南越軍政人員，前官員，普通公務員，教師警官，和宗教人士。歷史學家京特 - 路易認為一份被繳獲的越共檔案表明有 “1892 名行政人員，38 名警察，790 名暴政者” 被處決。
en: During the intense action, the allies estimated that North Vietnamese forces had between 1,042 and 5,000 killed and 89 captured in the city and in the surrounding area. 216 U.S. Marines and soldiers had been killed during the fighting and 1,609 were wounded. 421 ARVN troops were killed, another 2,123 were wounded, and 31 were missing. More than 5,800 civilians had lost their lives during the battle and 116,000 were left homeless out of an original population of 140,000. 40-50% of Huế was destroyed by the end of the battle.In the aftermath of the recapture of the city, the discovery of several mass graves (the last of which were uncovered in 1970) of South Vietnamese citizens of Huế sparked a controversy that has not diminished with time. The victims had either been clubbed or shot to death or simply buried alive. The official allied explanation was that during their initial occupation of the city, the PAVN had quickly begun to systematically round up (under the guise of re-education) and then execute as many as 2,800 South Vietnamese civilians that they believed to be potentially hostile to communist control. Those taken into custody included South Vietnamese military personnel, present and former government officials, local civil servants, teachers, policemen, and religious figures. Historian Gunther Lewy claimed that a captured Viet Cong document stated that the communists had "eliminated 1,892 administrative personnel, 38 policemen, 790 tyrants." The North Vietnamese officer, Bùi Tín, later further muddied the waters by stating that their forces had indeed rounded up "reactionary" captives for transport to the North, but that local commanders, under battlefield exigencies, had executed them for expediency's sake.General Ngô Quang Trưởng, commander of the 1st ARVN Division, believed that the captives had been executed by the communists in order to protect the identities of members of the local Viet Cong infrastructure, whose covers had been blown. The exact circumstances leading to the deaths of those citizens of Huế discovered in the mass graves may never be known exactly, but most of the victims were killed as a result of PAVN and NLF executions, considering evidence from captured documents and witness testimonies among other things.
qas: question: zh_tw: 受害者發生了哪三件事？
en: What three things happened to the victims?
answers: zh_tw: text: 棒毆致死的，有被槍殺的還有活埋的
en: text: clubbed or shot to death or simply buried alive
弗拉特黑德縣
Flathead County, Montana

context: zh_tw: 根據 2000 年人口普查，弗拉特黑德縣擁有 74,471 居民、29,588 住戶和 20,415 家庭。其人口密度為每平方英里 15 居民（每平方公里 6 居民）。本縣擁有 34,773 間房屋單位，其密度為每平方英里 7 間（每平方公里 3 間）。而人口是由 96.26% 白人、0.15% 黑人、1.15% 土著、0.46% 亞洲人、0.06% 太平洋島民、0.41% 其他種族和 1.5% 混血構成。而西班牙裔或拉丁美洲人佔了人口 1.42%。在 96.26% 白人中，有 21.7% 為德國人、11.3% 為愛爾蘭人、11.0% 為挪威人、以及 10.3% 為英國人。 在 29,588 住戶中，有 32.5% 擁有一個或以上的兒童（18 歲以下）、56.9% 為夫妻、8.3% 為單親家庭、31% 為非家庭、25.2% 為獨居、8.9% 住戶有同居長者。平均每戶有 2.48 人，而平均每個家庭則有 2.97 人。在 74,471 居民中，有 25.9% 為 18 歲以下、7.4% 為 18 至 24 歲、27.4% 為 25 至 44 歲、26.4% 為 45 至 64 歲以及 13% 為 65 歲以上。人口的年齡中位數為 39 歲，女子對男子的性別比為 100：98.3。成年人的性別比則為 100：96.1。本縣的住戶收入中位數為 $34,466，而家庭收入中位數則為 $40,702。男性的收入中位數為 $31,908，而女性的收入中位數則為 $20,619，人均收入為 $18,112。約 9.4% 家庭和 13% 人口在貧窮線以下，包括 16.7% 兒童（18 歲以下）及 8.6% 長者（65 歲以上）。
en: The county population contained 25.90% under the age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 26.40% from 45 to 64, and 13.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 98.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.10 males.
qas: question: zh_tw: 65 歲以上的百分比是多少？
en: What percentage was older than 65 years?
answers: zh_tw: text: 13
en: text: 13.00%
漢尼拔・穆阿邁爾・格達費
Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi

context: zh_tw: 漢尼拔・穆阿邁爾・格達費（阿拉伯語：هانيبال معمر القذافي‎；1975 年 9 月 20 日－）是利比亞前領導人穆阿邁爾・格達費的 4 子，由薩菲亞・法卡許所生。他目前為利比亞第一國家海洋運輸公司（GNMTC）管理委員會的首席顧問。2007 年，他從哥本哈根商學院海運學院航海系畢業成為工商管理碩士（MBA）。
en: Gaddafi was the first consultant to the Management Committee of the General National Maritime Transport Company (GNMTC) of Libya. He was appointed to this position in 2007, upon earning his MBA degree in Shipping Economics and Logistics from Copenhagen Business School.Gaddafi is married to Aline Skaf, a Lebanese Christian former lingerie model, with whom he has three children. Another child, Carthage Hannibal (b. 2 August 2008), was killed in the bombing raid of the family compound on 30 April 2011
qas: question: zh_tw: GNMTC 代表什麼意思？
en: What does GNMTC stand for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 國家海洋運輸公司
en: text: General National Maritime Transport Company
沙查・巴隆・科恩
Sacha Baron Cohen

context: zh_tw: 柯恩出生於英國倫敦漢默史密斯，畢業於劍橋大學基督學院歷史系。他的母親 Daniella Naomi（孃家姓 Weiser）是猶太人，出生於以色列，是運動教練。他的父親 Gerald Baron Cohen 是猶太人，出生於倫敦並住在威爾士，經營著一間服飾店。他的哥哥 Erran Baron Cohen 是作曲家。他的外祖母曾經是芭蕾舞者，現在居住在以色列。
en: Baron Cohen was born in west London to Jewish parents. His mother, Daniella Naomi (née Weiser), who worked as a movement instructor, was born in Israel. His father, Gerald Baron Cohen (1932–2016), a clothing store owner, was born in London and raised in Wales. Baron Cohen was raised Jewish. He is fluent in Hebrew as well as his native English.Baron Cohen's maternal family were German Jews who moved to Israel. His paternal family were also Ashkenazi Jews, who moved to Pontypridd and London in the United Kingdom. His paternal grandfather, Morris Cohen, added "Baron" to his surname. His maternal grandmother, who lived in Haifa, Israel, trained as a ballet dancer in Germany.Baron Cohen has two older brothers: Erran and Amnon. Erran is a composer and has worked on several of Sacha's films. Baron Cohen's cousin, Simon, is an autism researcher.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他母親的孃家姓是什麼？
en: What was his mother's maiden name?
answers: zh_tw: text: Weiser
en: text: Weiser
鉤盲蛇
Indotyphlops braminus

context: zh_tw: 鉤盲蛇經常在市區及農地出沒，牠們生活於地下，並居於螞蟻或白蟻的巢穴中。牠們亦會生活於潮溼森林中的樹木內。鉤盲蛇的生息地帶主要取決於溼度及溫度。鉤盲蛇以螞蟻及白蟻為食，亦會進食牠們的卵及幼蟲。鉤盲蛇是單性繁殖的蛇種，因此目前所有研究所能收集的鉤盲蛇樣本都是雌性的。牠們主要會以卵生形式作繁殖，有時亦會直接產出幼蛇，每次的生產量約為 8 只。
en: This species is parthenogenetic and all specimens collected so far have been female. They lay eggs or may bear live young. Up to eight offspring are produced - all female and all genetically identical.
qas: question: zh_tw: 大約生產了多少後代？
en: About how many offspring are produced?
answers: zh_tw: text: 8
en: text: eight
聖米迦勒教堂 (希爾德斯海姆)
St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim

context: zh_tw: 聖米迦勒教堂（德語：Michaeliskirche）是位於德國城市希爾德斯海姆的一座早期羅馬式建築的教堂。1985 年，聖米迦勒教堂和附近的希爾德斯海姆主教座堂一起被列入聯合國教科文組織的世界遺產。現在聖米迦勒教堂是一座路德宗的教堂。教堂修建於 1010 年至 1020 年期間。宗教改革之後，聖米迦勒教堂改為新教的教堂。教堂在二戰期間遭到空襲。1950 年開始重建，1957 年完工。教堂最著名之處是繪於 1230 年的天井畫。二戰期間由於天井畫被移往安全場所，因此得以躲過空襲幾乎完全得到儲存。
en: St. Michael's Church was heavily damaged in an air raid during World War II on 22 March 1945, but reconstruction was begun in 1950 and completed in 1957. In 1985, the church became a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site, along with the Cathedral of Hildesheim, its collection of medieval treasures and its 1000-year-old rosebush.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一場戰爭給聖米歇爾教堂造成了破壞？
en: What war resulted in the damage to St. Michael's Church?
answers: zh_tw: text: 二戰
en: text: World War II
悼念公主的帕凡舞曲
Pavane pour une infante défunte

context: zh_tw: 悼念公主的帕凡舞曲（法語：Pavane pour une infante défunte）是一首由著名法國作曲家莫里斯・拉威爾於 1899 年寫作的鋼琴獨奏曲。 當時他在巴黎音樂學院從師於加布裡埃爾・福萊學習作曲。拉威爾也在 1910 年發表過名為 帕凡 的交響樂版本。該曲演奏時間通常在 6-7 分鐘。
en: Pavane pour une infante défunte (Pavane for a Deceased Infanta) is a piece for solo piano by French composer Maurice Ravel. The piece was composed in 1899 while Ravel was studying composition at the Conservatoire de Paris under Gabriel Fauré. Ravel also published an orchestrated version of the Pavane in 1910, including scores for two flutes, an oboe, two clarinets (in B♭), two bassoons, two horns, harp, and strings.  A typical performance of the piece lasts between six and seven minutes. It is widely considered a masterpiece.
qas: question: zh_tw: 帕凡舞曲應該用什麼樂器演奏？
en: Pavane pour une infante defunte is meant to be played on what instrument?
answers: zh_tw: text: défunte）是一首由著名法國作曲家莫里斯・拉威爾於 1899 年寫作的鋼琴獨奏曲。
en: text: piano
堪培拉號重巡洋艦 (CA-70)

context: zh_tw: 堪培拉號於 1943 年入役，在第二次世界大戰太平洋戰場活動。1944 年 10 月在臺灣空戰中被魚雷擊中，被迫返回美國維修。戰後，堪培拉號被改裝成美國海軍第二艘導彈巡洋艦。1962 年，堪培拉號參加古巴導彈危機中的海上封鎖行動。1965 年至 1969 年，堪培號被佈署到越南戰爭戰場。
qas: question: zh_tw: 這艘船哪一年開始投入使用？
en: what year did the ship first enter service?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1943

context: zh_tw: 1947 年 3 月 7 日，堪培拉號退役，停泊在華盛頓州布雷默頓的普吉特海灣海軍造船廠和中級維修設施內。1952 年 1 月 4 日，堪培拉號及其姊妹艦波士頓號重巡洋艦被拖往新澤西州卡姆登的紐約造船公司，接受改裝，成為波士頓級導彈巡洋艦，軍艦舷號也更換為 CAG-2，成為美國海軍第一批次服役的飛彈重巡洋艦。整個改裝工程於 1956 年 6 月結束。
qas: question: zh_tw: 堪培拉號何時退役？
en: when was Canberra decommissioned?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1947 年 3 月 7 日

context: zh_tw: 1956 年 6 月 15 日，堪培拉號重新服役，母港為弗吉尼亞州諾福克。1957 年 3 月 14 日，堪培拉號運送美國總統德懷特・D・艾森豪威爾前往百慕大與英國首相哈羅德・麥克米倫會見。在完成 7 月和 8 月的訓練後，堪培拉號被派往地中海參加北大西洋公約組織舉行的海上軍演。
qas: question: zh_tw: 那時的總統是誰？
en: Who was president at the time?
answers: zh_tw: text: 德懷特・D・艾森豪威爾
馬來西亞人名
Malaysian names

context: zh_tw: 遵循南印度的傳統做法，有時父親名字會縮寫成單個字母，並書寫在個人名字前方。因此，有個男性名叫 Anbuselvan 而他的父親名叫 Ramanan 可被稱為 Anbuselvan anak lelaki Ramanan （正式），Anbuselvan a/l Ramanan (官方身份證), Anbuselvan Ramanan 或 R. Anbuselvan。而他的女兒 Mathuram 將會稱為 Mathuram anak perempuan Anbuselvan （正式），Mathuram a/p Anbuselvan (官方身份證), Mathuram Anbuselvan 或 A. Mathuram。雖然沒有正式記錄，有些印度婦女可以在婚後使用丈夫的姓名而不是她父親的名字。
en: Following traditional practice from South India, the father's name is sometimes abbreviated to an initial and placed before the personal name. Thus, a man called Anbuselvan whose father is called Ramanan may be called Anbuselvan anak lelaki Ramanan (formal), Anbuselvan a/l Ramanan (as on his government identification card), Anbuselvan Ramanan or R. Anbuselvan. Whereas, his daughter Mathuram would be called Mathuram anak perempuan Anbuselvan (formal), Mathuram a/p Anbuselvan (as on her government identification card), Mathuram Anbuselvan or A. Mathuram. Although not recorded officially, an Indian woman may use her husband's personal name instead of her father's name after marriage.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這種傳統習俗起源於哪裡？
en: Where did the traditional practice originate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 南印度
en: text: South India
約翰・泰利
John Terry

context: zh_tw: 泰利從 2000-01 賽季始，確立自己在切爾西正選的地位，他有 23 場賽事獲得首發，被評為該年度切爾西的最佳球員。泰利 2001-02 年度繼續他的進步，他成為一個經常與該時的隊長德塞利一起防守的球員。 2001 年 12 月 5 日，他首次帶領車路士，在聯賽對陣查爾頓。
en: Terry began to establish himself in the Chelsea first team from the 2000–01 season, making 23 starts and was voted the club's Player of the Year. He continued his progress during 2001–02, becoming a regular in the defence alongside club captain and France international Marcel Desailly. On 5 December 2001, he captained Chelsea for the first time, in a League match against Charlton Athletic. Chelsea reached the FA Cup Final, following wins against London rivals West Ham United and Tottenham Hotspur in the fourth and six rounds respectively, and Fulham in the semi-final – where Terry scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory. A virus denied Terry a place in the starting line-up for the final, although he came on as a second-half substitute while Chelsea lost 2–0 to Arsenal. In 2003–04 season, his performances led to him becoming vice-captain by manager Claudio Ranieri when Desailly was out of the team. He played well in the absence of the French international, forming a strong defensive partnership with William Gallas.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他何時首次帶領車路士？
en: When did he captain Chelsea first?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2001 年 12 月 5 日
en: text: 5 December 2001
安大略省

context: zh_tw: 17 世紀末，英國人開始在哈得遜灣建立貿易站，並著手爭奪安大略的控制權。1763 年七年戰爭結束，巴黎條約規定將法國在北美幾乎所有的領地（即新法蘭西）都轉給英國。安大略 1774 年併入魁北克。從 1783 年到 1796 年，對於美國獨立戰爭中逃離的保皇派，英國給予 200 公頃的土地，讓他們在加拿大開始新的生活。此項措施使得渥太華河以西的加拿大人口迅速增加。1791 年的憲法法案將魁北克分成渥太華河西面的上加拿大與東面的下加拿大兩塊。1793 年 John Graves Simcoe 被任命為上加拿大第一任總督。
qas: question: zh_tw: 當時誰控制著安大略？
en: Who controlled Ontario at the time?
answers: zh_tw: text: 法國

context: zh_tw: 1872 年到 1896 年，奧利弗・默瓦特當選安大略省長。在他的任期內，安大略省權力和地域都得到了擴張，現在的安大略西北部，蘇必利爾湖到哈得遜灣的廣大地域傳統上並不是上加拿大的轄區，但在他的努力爭取下，這片土地成了安大略省的一部分。默瓦特同聯邦政府總理約翰・麥克唐納的對省權的爭奪也使得加拿大未成為一個高度集權的國家。同時期聯邦政府修建的加拿大太平洋鐵路從安大略穿過，也造成了省內工業的繁榮。
qas: question: zh_tw: 當奧利弗・莫瓦特與聯邦政府爭奪加拿大的分權時，他的努力超出了哪一位知名人物所希望的分權？
en: When Oliver Mowat did battle with the federal government to decentralize Canada, what prominent figure did his efforts surpass in desired allocation of power?
answers: zh_tw: text: 約翰・麥克唐納
鈦酸鍶
Strontium titanate

context: zh_tw: 鈦酸鍶，化學式 SrTiO3，簡稱 STO。鈦酸鍶是具鍶和鈦的氧化物。 在室溫下，它是具有鈣鈦礦結構的中心對稱的順電態介質材料。 在低溫下，它接近具有非常大的介電常數〜104 的鐵電相變，但是保持順電態，直到作為量子漲落的結果測量的最低溫度，使其成為量子順電態。它一直被認為是一種完全人工的材料，直到 1982 年，它在西伯利亞被發現並命名為 tausonite 的自然對應物 -- 並已經被國際礦物學協會（IMA）認可。Tausonite 仍然是一種極其罕見的礦物質，發生於非常微小的晶體。其最重要的應用是其合成形式，其中偶爾會遇到作為金剛石模擬物，精密光學，壓敏電阻和先進陶瓷。
en: Strontium titanate is an oxide of strontium and titanium with the chemical formula SrTiO3. At room temperature, it is a centrosymmetric paraelectric material with a perovskite structure. At low temperatures it approaches a ferroelectric phase transition with a very large dielectric constant ~104 but remains paraelectric down to the lowest temperatures measured as a result of quantum fluctuations, making it a quantum paraelectric. It was long thought to be a wholly artificial material, until 1982 when its natural counterpart—discovered in Siberia and named tausonite—was recognised by the IMA. Tausonite remains an extremely rare mineral in nature, occurring as very tiny crystals. Its most important application has been in its synthesized form wherein it is occasionally encountered as a diamond simulant, in precision optics, in varistors, and in advanced ceramics.
qas: question: zh_tw: 鈦酸鍶是什麼？
en: What is Strontium titanate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 鍶和鈦的氧化物
en: text: is an oxide of strontium and titanium