zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
韋德蘭・斯梅洛維奇
Vedran Smailović

context: zh_tw: 韋德蘭・斯梅洛維奇（Vedran Smajlović，1956 年 11 月 11 日－）以「塞拉耶佛的大提琴家」之名而聞名，他是一位波士尼亞音樂家，前塞拉耶佛絃樂四重奏的大提琴手。
en: Vedran Smailović (born 11 November 1956), known as the "Cellist of Sarajevo", is a musician from Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the siege of Sarajevo, he played Albinoni's Adagio in G Minor in ruined buildings, and, often under the threat of snipers, he played during funerals. His bravery inspired musical numbers and a novel. He moved to  Northern Ireland and is a composer, conductor, and performer. His G minor masterpiece was introduced in a book called "a story like the wind".
qas: question: zh_tw: 1956 年 11 月 11 日出生的波士尼亞／塞拉耶佛音樂家以什麼之名而聞名？
en: What is the Bosnian/Herzegovinan musician born in 11 November 1956 also known as?
answers: zh_tw: text: 塞拉耶佛的大提琴家
en: text: Cellist of Sarajevo
欣斯代爾縣 (科羅拉多州)
Hinsdale County, Colorado

context: zh_tw: 欣斯代爾縣 (Hinsdale County, Colorado) 是美國科羅拉多州西南部的一個縣。面積 2,909 平方公里。根據美國 2000 年人口普查，共有人口 790 人。縣治湖城 (Lake City)。
en: Hinsdale County is one of the 64 counties of the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2010 census, the population was 843, making it the third-least populous county in Colorado. With a population density of only 0.75 inhabitants per square mile (0.29/km2), it is also the least-densely populated county in Colorado. The county seat and only incorporated municipality in the county is Lake City. The county is named for George A. Hinsdale, a prominent pioneer and former Lieut. Governor of Colorado.
qas: question: zh_tw: 欣斯代爾縣位於美國哪個州？
en: Hinsdale county resides in which US state?
answers: zh_tw: text: Colorado) 是美國科羅拉多州西南部的一個縣。
en: text: Colorado
海莉・班奈特
Haley Bennett

context: zh_tw: 海莉・班奈特（英語：Haley Bennett，原名 Haley Loraine Keeling，1988 年 1 月 7 日－）是一名美國女演員、歌手和舞蹈家。
en: Haley Loraine Keeling (born January 7, 1988), known professionally as Haley Bennett, is an American actress and singer. She made her film debut as pop star Cora Corman in the romantic comedy Music and Lyrics (2007) and has since appeared in the films The Haunting of Molly Hartley (2008), College (2008), The Hole (2009), Kaboom (2010), The Equalizer (2014), Kristy (2014), Hardcore Henry (2015), The Magnificent Seven (2016), The Girl on the Train (2016) and Thank You for Your Service (2017).
qas: question: zh_tw: 海莉・班奈特在出生時名字是什麼？
en: What was Haley Bennett's name given at birth?
answers: zh_tw: text: Haley Loraine Keeling
en: text: Haley Loraine Keeling
傑弗裡・弗萊徹
Geoffrey S. Fletcher

context: zh_tw: 傑弗裡・肖恩・弗萊徹（生於 1970 年 10 月 4 日）是美國電影導演、編劇，並擔任哥倫比亞大學和紐約大學提斯克藝術學院教授。作為電影《珍愛人生》的編劇，弗萊徹獲得奧斯卡最佳改編劇本，成為獲得此獎項的第一個非裔美國人。   2010 年 9 月，弗萊徹開始拍攝自己原創劇本的導演處女作《紫羅蘭與雛菊》。
en: Geoffrey Shawn Fletcher (born October 4, 1970) is an American screenwriter, film director, and adjunct film professor at Columbia University and New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in New York City, New York.  Fletcher is the screenwriter of Precious and received an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences on March 7, 2010.  He is the first African American to receive an Academy Award for writing.   In September 2010, Fletcher began shooting Violet & Daisy in New York City based on his original script as his directorial debut. It was released in a limited theatrical run in June 2013.
qas: question: zh_tw: 弗萊徹生於哪年？
en: What year was Fletcher born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1970
en: text: 1970
亞歷山大一世 (伊庇魯斯)
Alexander I of Epirus

context: zh_tw: 前 334 年，義大利大希臘城邦塔蘭託向亞歷山大一世求救，請求幫助他們對抗義大利部落布魯蒂伊人（Bruttii）、盧查尼爾人（Lucani），因此亞歷山大一世渡過海峽，率領伊庇魯斯軍隊爭戰義大利半島。前 332 年，亞歷山大於帕埃斯圖姆附近擊敗盧查尼爾人和薩姆尼烏姆人（Samnium），並與羅馬共和國締約。亞歷山大一世之後仍然勝戰連連，他從盧查尼爾人手中解放赫拉克利亞，從布魯蒂伊人手中奪取西旁託（Sipontum）。前 330 年，最後他遭到一些盧查尼爾人流亡者背叛，被迫在不利的情況下與敵人作戰，在潘多西亞戰役吃了敗戰，亞歷山大一世在渡河時被其中一位盧查尼爾人流亡者所殺。
en: In 334 BC, Alexander I, at the request of the Greek colony of Taras (in Magna Graecia), crossed over into Italy, to aid them in battle against several Italic tribes, including the Lucanians and Bruttii. After a victory over the Samnites and Lucanians near Paestum in 332 BC, he made a treaty with the Romans. He then took Heraclea from the Lucanians, and Terina and Sipontum from the Bruttii. Through the treachery of some Lucanian exiles, he was compelled to engage under unfavourable circumstances in the Battle of Pandosia and was killed by a Lucanian. He left a son, Neoptolemus, and a daughter, Cadmea.In a famous passage, Livy speculates on what would have been the outcome of a military showdown between Alexander the Great and the Roman Republic. He reports that as Alexander of Epirus lay mortally wounded on the battlefield at Pandosia he compared his fortunes to those of his famous nephew and said that the latter "waged war against women".
qas: question: zh_tw: 赫拉克利亞的祖先是誰？
en: Where was Heraclea's origin?
answers: zh_tw: text: 盧查尼爾人
en: text: Lucanians
2008 年東南亞足球錦標賽
2008 AFF Championship

context: zh_tw: 獎金方面，冠軍球隊可獲 100,000 美元、亞軍可獲 50,000 美元、於準決賽落敗的球隊可獲 15,000 美元。Nike 會是這次賽事的官的供應商。在主賽圈賽事開始前 10 天，官方傳送一份安全宣告，討論會於曼谷比賽的隊伍的安全問題。這是由於泰國出現政治危機，令到蘇凡納布機場需要關閉（詳看：2008 年泰國政治危機）。泰國足球協會宣佈分組賽賽事會如常舉行。但假若局勢變壞，賽事則會轉到位於國家北部的清邁或南部的普吉進行。在 11 月 29 日，距離比賽開始不足一星期，賽會最終宣佈分組賽賽事會由泰國首都曼谷遷到南部的普吉進行比賽。
en: The tournament would originally have been hosted by Myanmar because of the rotation system among ASEAN countries, however, they withdrew in August 2007 due to security concerns. In the third AFF council meeting in Bali, Indonesia and Thailand beat three other countries to win the right to host (the other three were Malaysia, Myanmar and Vietnam). However, if both countries are unable to fulfill certain obligations set by the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF), Vietnam will step in and host the tournament. The winning team will take home USD100,000, runners-up USD 50,000, and USD 15,000 for the losing semi-finalists. Nike will be an official supplier for the 2008 AFF Championship.10 days before the start of the tournament, safety issues were raised contending the safety of the teams who were due to play in Bangkok. This was because of the riots that were happening in the city  which also resulted in the closure of the Suvarnabhumi Airport (see 2008 Thai political crisis for further information). Due to the political crisis, the Football Association of Thailand stated that the Group Stages in the Thai capital Bangkok would go ahead, or if the situation got worse, games would be moved to Chiang Mai in the north of the country or Phuket in the South of the country.As well as Thailand confirming themselves as steady hosts, Vietnam and Malaysia also stated that they would be prepared to host the tournament at short notice.On 29 November, with less than one week before the start of the tournament, the Group Stages held in Thai sport were moved from the capital Bangkok to the southern province Phuket.
qas: question: zh_tw: 第一名現金獎是多少？
en: What is the first place cash prize?
answers: zh_tw: text: 100,000 美元
en: text: USD100,000
馬桶豬籠草
Nepenthes jamban

context: zh_tw: 馬桶豬籠草下位籠的下三分之一為圓柱形至窄漏斗形，上部為寬漏斗形。其較小，高僅可達 5.8 釐米，寬僅可至 4.4 釐米。腹面具一對不寬於 2 毫米的籠翼。捕蟲籠的內表面全部覆蓋著腺體。籠口幾乎水平。下位籠的內表面滿布腺體。唇平展，可寬達 8 毫米，內緣的唇齒不長於 0.5 毫米。籠蓋為窄倒卵形，長達 3.8 釐米，寬至 1.3 釐米。籠蓋下表面中線周圍散佈著許多小型的小蜜腺。其尖端四分之一分佈著 20 至 30 個巨大的火山口狀腺體。其蜜腺之巨大以至於在從籠蓋的上方清晰的辨認出其下表面蜜腺的位置。籠蓋基部的後方具一根不長於 4 毫米的籠蔓尾，其通常不分叉。馬桶豬籠草上位籠的上半部為寬漏斗形。其體型大於下位籠，可高達 12 釐米，寬至 5.2 釐米。籠口水平，為圓形。上位籠的內表面與下位籠一樣也佈滿了腺體。腹面的籠翼縮小為一對隆起。唇平展，可寬達 6 毫米，唇齒較下位籠明顯，但也不長於 1 毫米。相對下位籠而言，上位籠的籠蓋更細長，可長達 4.8 釐米，寬至 0.9 釐米。籠蓋與籠口成 45°。上位籠的籠蔓尾通常不分叉，可長達 3.5 毫米。馬桶豬籠草的花序為總狀花序。雄性花序可長達 18 釐米，尚未有關於雌性花序的描述。總花梗可長達 6.5 釐米，花序軸可長達 11.5 釐米。花梗可長達 1.4 釐米，帶一朵花。萼片為橢圓形，長約 3.5 毫米。果莢長達 3 釐米，寬至 6 毫米。種子為絲狀，長達 2 釐米。馬桶豬籠草植株的大部分無毛被。發育中的捕蟲籠、籠蔓和花序上密佈著棕灰色的短毛被。馬桶豬籠草的莖通常為紫紅色。葉片和花序為淡綠色。下位籠為橙黃色至鮮紅色。上位籠一般為亮黃色，唇為黃色至橙色，其內表面偶爾具斑點。
en: third, becoming widely infundibular above. They are relatively small, rarely exceeding 5.8 cm in height and 4.4 cm in width. Fringed wings (≤2 mm wide) are usually present in terrestrial pitchers. The pitcher mouth is almost horizontal. The inner surface of the pitchers is glandular throughout. The flattened peristome may be up to 8 mm wide and is lined with a series of teeth (≤0.5 mm long) on its inner margin. The lid or operculum is narrowly obovate, and up to 3.8 cm long and 1.3 cm wide. The undersurface of the lid bears scattered small red glands that are concentrated around the midrib. Around 20 to 30 very large crater-like glands (≤0.5 mm wide) are present in the apical quarter. These glands are so large that they are visible as swellings on the upper surface of the lid. The spur (≤4 mm long) is inserted at the base of the lid. It is generally unbranched but may be forked.
qas: question: zh_tw: 該罐的內表面是什麼形狀的？
en: What is the shape of the inner surface of the pitcher?
answers: zh_tw: text: 腺體
en: text: glandular
皮埃爾 - 路易・利翁
Pierre-Louis Lions

context: zh_tw: 皮埃爾 - 路易・利翁，法國數學家。其主要研究領域是非線性偏微分方程，因其在巴黎第九大學的工作而獲得菲爾茲獎。利翁是首位給出玻爾茲曼方程的解並證明了的人。目前，利翁任職於法蘭西公學院偏微分方程和應用教授，在巴黎綜合理工學院任職。
en: His parents were Jacques-Louis Lions, a mathematician and at that time professor at the University of Nancy, who became President of the International Mathematical Union, and Andrée Olivier, his wife. He graduated from the École normale supérieure  in 1977 (same year as Jean-Christophe Yoccoz, another Fields Medalist). Refusing to take the agrégation in Mathematics, he chose to carry out research in applied mathematics and received his doctorate from the University of Pierre and Marie Curie in 1979.Lions received the Fields Medal, for his work on theory of nonlinear partial differential equations, in 1994 while working at the University of Paris-Dauphine. He was the first to give a complete solution to the Boltzmann equation with proof. Other awards Lions received include the IBM Prize in 1987 and the Philip Morris Prize in 1991. He was an invited professor at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (2000). He is a doctor honoris causa of Heriot-Watt University (Edinburgh), Narvik University College (2014), and of the City University of Hong-Kong and is listed as an ISI highly cited researcher. He holds the position of Professor of Partial differential equations and their applications at the Collège de France in Paris as well as a position at École Polytechnique.
qas: question: zh_tw: 教授的職位是什麼？
en: What position do the Professor hold?
answers: zh_tw: text: 偏微分方程和應用教授
en: text: Professor of Partial differential equations and their applications
產褥熱

context: zh_tw: 產褥熱（puerperal fever）也稱為產後感染（postpartum infections）、產褥感染（Puerperal infections）或產褥期發熱，是在分娩、流產或是墮胎後，產道的細菌性感染。其症狀一般會包括髮燒超過 38.0 °C（100.4 °F）、寒顫、下腹痛，陰道分泌物可能會有異味。一般會在分娩後的 24 小時內出現，會持續十天。
qas: question: zh_tw: 產後感染又叫什麼？
en: What are postpartum infections also called?
answers: zh_tw: text: 產褥感染（Puerperal infections）或產褥期發熱

context: zh_tw: 最常見的感染是在子宮及周圍組織的感染，稱為產後敗血症（puerperal sepsis）或產後子宮炎（postpartum metritis）。危險因子包括剖腹產、陰道中有 B 型鏈球菌之類的菌種、早期羊膜囊破裂、滯產等原因。感染原因可能是病原體透過未經消毒的手術工具，侵入生殖器官，若是醫護人員在未經消毒的情況替產婦進行分娩，或是產婦分娩後破水太久，也會造成感染。大部份的感染會和許多不同種類的細菌有關。對血液或陰道進行微生物培養對診斷的幫助不大。對經驗性治療反應不佳的患者，可以使用醫學影像輔助。其他分娩後發燒的原因有乳房腫大、泌尿道感染、腹壁切口或會陰切開術傷口的感染，以及肺不張，也可能是乳腺炎或支氣管炎（產婦分娩時進行麻醉的副作用）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 對陰道進行微生物培養對診斷有多大幫助？
en: How often is culturing the vagina helped in diagnosis?
answers: zh_tw: text: 幫助不大

context: zh_tw: 由於剖宮產會增加產褥熱的風險，一般建議進行剖宮產的產婦在手術前給予預防性的抗生素（像是氨苄青黴素）治療。若有感染，也是接受抗生素治療，大部份會在二至三天內改善。症狀輕微的會用口服的抗生素，較嚴重者則會以靜脈注射給予抗生素。若是陰道分娩，會用氨苄青黴素及慶大黴素治療，若是剖宮產則會用克林黴素及慶大黴素治療。若治療後病情仍未改善，則需考慮如膿瘍之類的併發症。
qas: question: zh_tw: 如果我感冒了，我應該服什麼藥？
en: If I have a small cold, what kind of medicine should I use
answers: zh_tw: text: 口服的抗生素

context: zh_tw: 2015 年，約有 1180 萬位產婦發生產褥熱。已開發國家中，陰道分娩的產婦約有 1% 至 2% 感染產褥熱，若是較困難的分娩方式，感染產褥熱的比例會到 5% 至 13%。若是剖宮產又沒有使用預防性的抗生素，感染比例會到 50%。2015 年，死於此病的婦女約有 17,900 人，較 1990 年的 34,000 少了許多。產褥熱佔了周產期死亡案例的 10% 左右。第一筆產褥熱的記錄至少可追溯到西元前 5 世紀希波克拉底的記載。從至少 18 世紀開始，產褥熱一直都是產婦在醫院分娩時非常常見的死因，一直到 1930 年代開始使用抗生素後才改善。1847 年時，奧地利醫生伊格納茲・塞麥爾維斯推動醫師在接生前用次氯酸鈣水溶液洗手，一度將產褥熱的比例從 20% 降低到 2%。
qas: question: zh_tw: 將死亡率降低到 2% 的主要因素是什麼？
en: What was a main factor in cutting deaths down to two percent?
answers: zh_tw: text: 洗手

question: zh_tw: 誰是第一筆已知記載的作者？
en: Who is the author of the first known descriptions?
answers: zh_tw: text: 希波克拉底

question: zh_tw: 1990 年有多少人死亡？
en: How many deaths were there in 1990?
answers: zh_tw: text: 34,000
菲萊泰羅斯
Philetaerus

context: zh_tw: 菲萊泰羅斯還透過那筆龐大資金來增加自己在帕加馬以外的影響力。在許多記錄可以看到菲萊泰羅斯贊助、捐贈給臨近的城市和神廟，如提洛島和德爾斐。當高廬人入侵時，他曾經提供軍隊、金錢和糧食給城市基濟科斯（Cyzicus），來幫助他們抵禦蠻族。透過這種方式，他讓他和家族贏得良好的名聲和善意。
en: Philetaerus served Lysimachus until 282 BC, when perhaps because of conflicts involving the court intrigues of Arsinoë, Lysimachus' third wife, Philetaerus deserted Lysimachus, offering himself and the important fortress of Pergamon, along with its treasury to Seleucus, who subsequently defeated and killed Lysimachus at the Battle of Corupedium in 281 BC. Seleucus himself was killed by Ptolemy Ceraunus, a brother of Arsinoë at Lysimachia a few months later.Though nominally under Seleucid control, Philetaerus, especially after the death of Seleucus, had considerable autonomy and was able with the help of his considerable wealth to increase his power and influence beyond Pergamon. There are numerous records of Philetaerus as benefactor to neighboring cities and temples, including the temples at Delphi and Delos. He also contributed troops, money and food to the city of Cyzicus for defense against the invading Gauls. As a result, Philetaerus gained prestige and goodwill for himself and his family.During his nearly forty year rule, he constructed the temple of Demeter on the acropolis of Pergamon, and the temple of Athena (Pergamon's patron deity), and Pergamon's first palace, and he added considerably to the city's fortifications.Philetaerus was a eunuch, though scholars differ on the reason for his castration.  Attalus I, the first Attalid king of Pergamon, explained that when Philetaerus was a baby, he was brought into a crowd where he was pressed upon and his testicles were crushed.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他曾經給軍隊提供什麼，來幫助保衛基濟科斯？
en: What did he give to the troops to assist in protecting the the city of Cyzicus?
answers: zh_tw: text: 金錢和糧食
en: text: money and food
羅斯佈德縣
Rosebud County, Montana

context: zh_tw: 羅斯佈德縣（英語：Rosebud County）是美國蒙大拿州東南部的一個縣。面積 13,020 平方公里。根據 2010 年人口普查，共有人口 9,233 人。本縣縣治為福賽斯，而位於福賽斯內的縣法院則於 1986 年 4 月 17 日獲登陸國家史蹟名錄。本縣成立於 1901 年 2 月 11 日，縣名來自羅斯佈德河，而羅斯佈德河名稱貽來自河岸茂盛的薔薇。
en: Rosebud County is a county in the state of Montana. It was established February 11, 1901, and has Montana vehicle license plate prefix 29. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 9,233. Its county seat is Forsyth.
qas: question: zh_tw: 蒙大拿州的哪個縣建立於 1901 年 2 月？
en: Which county in Montana was established in February of 1901?
answers: zh_tw: text: 羅斯佈德
en: text: Rosebud

context: zh_tw: 根據 2000 年人口普查，羅斯佈德縣擁有 9,383 居民、3,307 住戶和 2,417 家庭。其人口密度為每平方英里 2 居民（每平方公里 1 居民）。本縣擁有 3,912 間房屋單位，其密度為每平方英里 1 間（每平方公里 0.3 間）。而人口是由 64.4% 白人、0.23% 黑人、32.41% 土著、0.29% 亞洲人、0.65% 其他種族和 2.01% 混血構成。而西班牙裔或拉丁美洲人佔了人口 2.33%。在 64.4% 白人中，有 19.8% 為德國人、7.2% 為愛爾蘭人、7.1% 為英國人、以及 6.9% 為挪威人。87.6% 人口的母語為英語、8.3% 為夏安語、1.9% 為西班牙語以及 1% 為德語。在 3,307 住戶中，有 38.7% 擁有一個或以上的兒童（18 歲以下）、56% 為夫妻、11.8% 為單親家庭、26.9% 為非家庭、24.3% 為獨居、8.4% 住戶有同居長者。平均每戶有 2.81 人，而平均每個家庭則有 3.34 人。在 9,383 居民中，有 33.5% 為 18 歲以下、7.2% 為 18 至 24 歲、25.7% 為 25 至 44 歲、24.8% 為 45 至 64 歲以及 8.9% 為 65 歲以上。人口的年齡中位數為 34 歲，女子對男子的性別比為 100：100.9。成年人的性別比則為 100：99.2。本縣的住戶收入中位數為 $35,898，而家庭收入中位數則為 $41,631。男性的收入中位數為 $38,688 ，而女性的收入中位數則為 $20,640，人均收入為 $15,032。約 17.8% 家庭和 22.4% 人口在貧窮線以下，包括 31.8% 兒童（18 歲以下）及 15.1% 長者（65 歲以上）。
en: The median income for a household in the county was $35,898, and the median income for a family was $41,631. Males had a median income of $38,688 versus $20,640 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,032. About 17.80% of families and 22.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.80% of those under age 18 and 15.10% of those age 65 or over.
qas: question: zh_tw: 人口在哪裡？
en: where is the population?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在貧窮線以下
en: text: below the poverty line

question: zh_tw: 亞洲人佔多少百分比？
en: What percent was Asian?
answers: zh_tw: text: 0.29%

context: en: The racial makeup of the county was 64.40% White, 0.23% Black or African American, 32.41% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.65% from other races, and 2.01% from two or more races. 2.33% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.8% were of German, 7.2% Irish, 7.1% English and 6.9% Norwegian ancestry. 87.6% spoke English, 8.3% Cheyenne, 1.9% Spanish and 1.0% German as their first language.
qas: question: zh_tw: 亞洲人佔多少百分比？
answers: en: text: 0.29%
薩姆・霍利斯
Sam Hollis

context: zh_tw: 他在 1905 年 3 月離開了俱樂部，並在 1899 年至 1909 年及 1905 年至 1911 年分別營運一家酒吧及管理一家酒店。他在 1911 年 1 月第三次執掌布里斯托城，見證了球隊從甲級聯賽降至乙級聯賽。在 1913 年 4 月離開了阿頓特加特球場後，他在 7 月成為南部聯賽球隊新港郡的領隊，執教至 1917 年。他在此後便不再涉足足球管理工作，但他是布里斯托城股東的主席，他在 1942 年 4 月於布里斯托爾逝世。
en: He left in March 1905, and managed a hotel between 1905 and 1911, having previously run a pub between 1899 and 1909. He took over as Bristol City manager for the third time in January 1911, and oversaw the club's relegation from the First Division back to the Second. He left Ashton Gate in April 1913, and in July that year took over as manager of Southern League Newport County where he remained until 1917. After that, he left football management altogether, though he spent a number of years as chairman of Bristol City's shareholders. He died in Bristol in April 1942.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他在哪些年經營一家酒店？
en: During what years was he running a hotel?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1905 年至 1911 年
en: text: 1905 and 1911
松葉蕨科
Psilotaceae

context: zh_tw: 所有的松葉蕨屬植物有著一些相同的特徵。它們是維管植物，且缺乏葉子而是另有一小突起物。此一小突起物不被認為是真正的葉子，因為維管束只是在其下面，而非如葉子般在其裡面。松葉蕨屬也沒有真正的根，它們是以假根來抓住地面，吸收則是籍由稱之為菌根的共生真菌的幫忙。
en: All Psilotaceae share a few characteristics. They are vascular plants and they lack leaves, having instead small outgrowths called enations. The enations are not considered true leaves because there is only a vascular bundle just underneath them, but not inside, as in leaves. Psilotales also do not have true roots. They are anchored by rhizoids. Absorption is aided by symbiotic fungi called mycorrhizae.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼是沒有葉子的維管植物？
en: What leafless vascular plants have enations?
answers: zh_tw: text: 松葉蕨屬植物
en: text: Psilotaceae
大益
Dahae

context: zh_tw: 目前尚不清楚亞什特（13.144）（可能記載於前 5 世紀）提到的 *Dāha 或 * Dåŋha (只能用陰性詞 Dahi 證明) 是否就是大益。 除此之外，沒有任何來源可以證明兩個詞是指同一夥人。大益和薩卡部落加入阿契美尼德王朝的軍隊，並在高加米拉戰役中（前 331 年）中被亞歷山大大帝打敗。阿契美尼德王朝滅亡後，亞歷山大僱傭大益弓騎兵入侵印度。
en: It is unclear whether the Dahae are also the *Dāha or *Dåŋha (only attested in the feminine Dahi) mentioned by the Avestani Yasht (13.144), which may date from the 5th century BCE. Moreover, any etymological relationship would not be proof that both names refer to exactly the same people.Dahae and Saka tribes are known to have fought at the Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE), in which the armies of the Achaemenid Empire were defeated by Alexander the Great. After the Achaemenid dynasty collapsed the following year, Alexander recruited Dahae – famed  as mounted archers –  for the Greek invasion of India.
qas: question: zh_tw: 公元前 331 年的戰役是哪一場
en: which battle was fought in 331 BCE
answers: zh_tw: text: 高加米拉戰役
en: text: Battle of Gaugamela
南蠻貿易

context: zh_tw: 當時日本正處於戰國紛亂之中。織田信長在軍中廣泛使用火繩槍，並主要依此贏得長篠之戰的勝利。在火繩槍傳入後一年之內，日本的劍工與鐵匠已成功複製並大量製造。僅五十年後，十六世紀末時，火槍已經在日本的軍隊中非常普遍，據說普及程度超過了歐洲的軍隊。火槍在豐臣秀吉與德川家康統一日本的過程中及 1592 和 1597 年的侵朝戰爭中發揮了重要作用。
qas: question: zh_tw: 國家和入侵之間的強大統一工具是什麼？
en: What was a strong unification tool between the nations and invasions?
answers: zh_tw: text: 火槍

question: zh_tw: 短語 Sengoku 指的是什麼？
en: What does the term Sengoku refer to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 處於戰國紛亂之中
宗座瑞士近衛隊
Pontifical Swiss Guard

context: zh_tw: 正規瑞士近衛隊隊員會獲得每個月 1,300 歐元以上的薪資，加上額外的加班薪酬（以小時計），此外還提供了正規的隊員一切的住宿及交通補助。
en: Regular guardsmen (halberdiers) receive a tax-free salary of EUR 1,300 per month (as of 2015) plus extra pay for hours worked overtime. In addition, accommodation and boarding are provided. Members of the guard are eligible for Vatican decorations. The Benemerenti medal is usually awarded after three years of faithful service.
qas: question: zh_tw: 正規衛兵的免稅工資是多少？
en: how much is the tax-free salary for regular guardsmen?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1,300 歐元
en: text: EUR 1,300 per month
異類
Heathens (song)

context: zh_tw: 《異類》（英語：Heathens）是一首由美國音樂組合二十一名飛員樂團創作詞曲、錄製的歌曲，於 2016 年 6 月 16 日作為電影《X 特遣隊》原聲帶的首支單曲，由大西洋唱片和華納兄弟唱片釋出。歌曲由泰勒・約瑟夫包攬詞曲創作、麥克・埃利松多負責音樂製作工作。《異類》在美國公告牌百強單曲榜上取得了第二位的峰值，截至目前與歌曲《輾轉難眠》同為該組合在此排行榜上峰值最高的歌曲。該歌曲的音樂錄影帶贏得了 2016 年 MTV 音樂錄影帶大獎最佳搖滾樂錄影帶獎。
en: "Heathens" is a song by American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, released as the lead single for the motion picture soundtrack for the film Suicide Squad (2016) on June 16, 2016, through Atlantic Records. The song was written by Tyler Joseph and produced by him along with Mike Elizondo. "Heathens" peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100, tying with "Stressed Out" for the duo's highest charting single to date. "Heathens" was nominated for three Grammy Awards at the 59th annual awards ceremony.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰寫《異類》？
en: Who wrote Heathens?
answers: zh_tw: text: 泰勒・約瑟夫
en: text: Tyler Joseph
噝蝰屬
Bitis

context: zh_tw: 噝蝰屬（學名：Bitis），又稱膨蝰屬，是蛇亞目蝰蛇科蝰亞科下的一個有毒蛇屬，主要分佈於非洲及阿拉伯半島南部。 噝蝰屬成員中同時有世界上最巨型和最細小的蝰蛇，牠們被稱為「膨蝰」的原因，是因為所有噝蝰在遇到危機時，會不斷重複地將身體膨脹、收縮，並配合發出響亮的嘶嘶聲，產生威嚇敵人的效果。 噝蝰屬的模式種是廣泛地分佈在非洲全土的鼓腹噝蝰（B. arietans）。 目前共有 14 個種已被確認。
en: Bitis is a genus of venomous vipers found in Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. It includes the largest and the smallest vipers in the world. Members are known for their characteristic threat displays that involve inflating and deflating their bodies while hissing and puffing loudly. The type species for this genus is B. arietans, which is also the most widely distributed viper in Africa. Currently, 15 species are recognized.Members of the genus are commonly known as African adders, African vipers, or puff adders.
qas: question: zh_tw: 非洲蝰蛇、非洲毒蛇和鼓腹巨蝰是非洲什麼型別毒蛇的常用名？
en: African adders, African vipers and puff adders are the common names for what species of viper in Africa?
answers: zh_tw: text: 噝蝰屬的模式種是廣泛地分佈在非洲全土的鼓腹噝蝰（B.
en: text: B. arietans
威廉・克理
William Carey (missionary)

context: zh_tw: 一七九一年，克理完成他的第一本書《基督徒當竭盡所能引領異教人民歸正》(Enquiry into the Obligation of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathen)。內容分三大類：（一）世界各國宗教概況，（二）異教徒 得救之道與基督徒之義務，（三）前人引領異教徒歸成功歸主事例，與未來可行的方法。原稿計長 87 頁，花了八年的時間，這本小書在第二年出版，被讚譽為『現代傳教事業的憲章』。
en: In 1785, Carey was appointed the schoolmaster for the village of Moulton. He was also invited to serve as pastor to the local Baptist church. During this time he read Jonathan Edwards' Account of the Life of the Late Rev. David Brainerd and the journals of the explorer James Cook, and became deeply concerned with propagating the Christian Gospel throughout the world. John Eliot (c. 1604 – 21 May 1690), Puritan missionary in New England, and David Brainerd (1718–47) became the "canonized heroes" and "enkindlers" of Carey.In 1789 Carey, became the full-time pastor of Harvey Lane Baptist Church in Leicester. Three years later, in 1792, he published his groundbreaking missionary manifesto, An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens. This short book consists of five parts. The first part is a theological justification for missionary activity, arguing that the command of Jesus to make disciples of all the world (Matthew 28:18–20) remains binding on Christians.The second part outlines a history of missionary activity, beginning with the early Church and ending with David Brainerd and John Wesley.Part 3 comprises 26 pages of tables, listing area, population, and religion statistics for every country in the world. Carey had compiled these figures during his years as a schoolteacher. The fourth part answers objections to sending missionaries, such as difficulty learning the language or danger to life. Finally, the fifth part calls for the formation by the Baptist denomination of a missionary society and describes the practical means by which it could be supported. Carey's seminal pamphlet outlines his basis for missions: Christian obligation, wise use of available resources, and accurate information.Carey later preached a pro-missionary sermon (the so-called Deathless Sermon), using Isaiah 54:2–3 as his text, in which he repeatedly used the epigram which has become his most famous quotation:
qas: question: zh_tw: 凱莉的宣言什麼時候被髮表了？
en: When was Carey's manifesto published?
answers: zh_tw: text: 一七九一年
en: text: 1792
君士坦丁三世
Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)

context: zh_tw: 希拉剋略・諾華斯・君士坦丁 (Ηράκλειος (νέος) Κωνσταντίνος) ，通稱為 君士坦丁三世，為希拉剋略王朝拜占庭皇帝希拉剋略和其首任妻子尤多西亞的長子，於公元 641 年在位統治了拜占庭帝國 4 個月。君士坦丁三世這個名稱稍後成為了在位統治時及日後的文獻對這位君王的簡稱。
en: Constantine III (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Γ΄; Latin: Heraclius Novus Constantinus Augustus; 3 May 612 – 20 April or 24/26 May 641) was Byzantine emperor for four months in 641, making him the shortest reigning Byzantine emperor. He was the eldest son of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudokia.
qas: question: zh_tw: 所有皇帝中，誰的統治時間最短？
en: Of all the emperor's who had the shortest time as leader?
answers: zh_tw: text: 君士坦丁三世
en: text: Constantine III
七氟化碘
Iodine heptafluoride

context: zh_tw: 七氟化碘是一種無機化合物，也稱作氟化碘 (VII)，化學式為 IF7。它具有不尋常的五角雙錐構型，這與價層電子對互斥理論的預測一致。七氟化碘的分子會透過 Bartell 假旋轉機制進行原子重排，Bartell 假旋轉是一種類似 Berry 假旋轉的假旋轉機制，不過只針對五角雙錐構型的分子。
en: Iodine heptafluoride, also known as iodine(VII) fluoride or iodine fluoride, is an interhalogen compound with the chemical formula IF7.  It has an unusual pentagonal bipyramidal structure, as predicted by VSEPR theory. The molecule can undergo a pseudorotational rearrangement called the Bartell mechanism, which is like the Berry mechanism but for a heptacoordinated system.
qas: question: zh_tw: 根據 VSEPR 理論，七氟化碘的形狀是什麼？
en: What is the shape of iodine heptafluoride in terms of VSEPR theory?
answers: zh_tw: text: 五角雙錐構型
en: text: pentagonal bipyramidal structure

context: zh_tw: 這種無色晶體在 4.5 °C 時熔化，液態的溫度範圍非常狹窄，因為沸點只有 4.77 °C。高濃度的蒸汽有發黴、刺鼻的氣味。
en: It forms colourless crystals, which melt at 4.5 °C: the liquid range is extremely narrow, with the boiling point at 4.77 °C. The dense vapor has a mouldy, acrid odour. The molecule has D5h symmetry.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在攝氏度下什麼溫度可以融化晶體？
en: What is the temperature in celsius needed to melt crystals?
answers: zh_tw: text: 這種無色晶體在 4.5
en: text: 4.5 °C
保羅・麥卡特尼
Paul McCartney

context: zh_tw: 在 2002 年，麥卡特尼迎娶海瑟・米爾斯，她做過模特也是反地雷行動的支持者。2003 年兩人有了孩子，貝翠絲・米莉，取其名是為了紀念海瑟的亡母和麥卡特尼的一個姑姑。兩人 2006 年 4 月分居，2008 年 3 月離婚。在 2004 年，他對於公眾對他女友的選擇做出瞭如下評價：“[英國公眾] 對我當初和愛舍分手感到不高興 ... 我 [與琳達] 結婚後，因為琳達是紐約人、離過婚、帶著孩子，大家也不喜歡。”
en: In 2002, McCartney married Heather Mills, a former model and anti-landmines campaigner. In 2003, the couple had a child, Beatrice Milly, named in honour of Mills' late mother, and one of McCartney's aunts. They separated in April 2006 and divorced acrimoniously in March 2008. In 2004, he commented on media animosity toward his partners: "[the British public] didn't like me giving up on Jane Asher ... I married [Linda], a New York divorcee with a child, and at the time they didn't like that".
qas: question: zh_tw: McCartney 和 MIlls 在那年分開了？
en: In what years did McCartney and MIlls separtate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2006 年
en: text: 2006
離片錐目
Temnospondyli

context: zh_tw: 在二疊紀末期，由於不斷的乾旱形成了陸地棲息的末日，但半或全水中生物則繼續繁衍，包括東歐的 Melosaurus。由於這些兩棲類不斷的繁衍及多樣化，出現了很多類水中生活的生物。牠們的脊骨逐漸脆弱，四肢細小及退化，頭顱骨變得大而扁平，眼睛向上。這些包括了全椎類及其他相關的類群。其他的發展成幼長的鼻端及像鱷魚，但卻沒有裝甲。這一類包括了已知最大的兩棲動物：來自巴西及長 9 米的巨型鋸齒螈。
en: During the Late Permian, increasing aridity and the diversification of reptiles contributed into a decline in terrestrial temnospondyls, but semiaquatic and fully aquatic temnospondyls continued to flourish, including the large Melosaurus of Eastern Europe. Other temnospondyls, such as archegosaurids, developed long snouts and a close similarity to crocodiles, although they lacked the armor characteristic of the latter group. These temnospondyls included the largest known batrachomorph, the 9-m-long Prionosuchus of Brazil.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這些生物中最大的來自哪個國家？
en: What country was the largest of these creatures from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 巴西
en: text: Brazil
.ax
.ax

context: zh_tw: .ax 是芬蘭奧蘭自治區自 2006 年啟用的國家和地區頂級域名（ccTLD）的域名。之前大多數的奧蘭網站使用.aland.fi 域名。
en: .ax is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of the Åland Islands, Finland, introduced in 2006. Previously, most Åland websites were under the .aland.fi subdomain.
qas: question: zh_tw: .ax 是什麼域名？
en: what is .ax?
answers: zh_tw: text: .ax 是芬蘭奧蘭自治區自 2006 年啟用的國家和地區頂級域名（ccTLD）的域名。
en: text: .ax is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of the Åland Islands
貝殼杉蛾屬
Agathiphaga

context: zh_tw: 貝殼杉蛾屬（Agathiphaga）是貝殼杉蛾總科（Agathiphagoidea）貝殼杉蛾科（Agathiphagidae）下唯一的屬，其親緣關係很像石蛾。1952 年，由萊昂納・傑克・杜布萊頓首次發現，並被列為小翅蛾科的一個屬。該屬的蛾只以貝殼杉屬植物為食，現在被認為是僅次於小翅蛾科生物的第二古老的蛾。 在滯育期，可以幼蟲形態生活 12 年。其下有兩個種，Agathiphaga queenslandensis 只發現於昆士蘭州東北部沿海，幼蟲以昆士蘭貝殼杉為食。 另一個種 Agathiphaga vitiensis 發現於斐濟至萬那杜及索羅門群島等太平洋諸島。
en: Agathiphaga is a genus of moths in the family Agathiphagidae, known as kauri moths. This caddis fly-like lineage of primitive moths was first reported by Lionel Jack Dumbleton in 1952, as a new genus of Micropterigidae.The caterpillars feed only on "kauri" (Agathis) and are currently considered the second most primitive living lineage of moths after Micropterigoidea. The larva has been reported to be able to survive for 12 years in diapause, durability possibly a prerequisite to its possible dispersion around the Pacific islands in the seeds of Agathis.
qas: question: zh_tw: 杜布萊頓在 1952 年首次發現的這種昆蟲屬於哪個科？
en: What family do the insects first discovered by Dumbleton in 1952 belong to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 貝殼杉蛾科（Agathiphagidae）
en: text: Agathiphagidae
地心歷險記
Journey to the Center of the Earth

context: zh_tw: 《地心歷險記》 （法語：Voyage au centre de la Terre）是法國小說家儒勒・凡爾納的小說，於 1864 年出版，被認為是科幻小說的經典之一。《地心歷險記》也多次被改編成電影與電視劇，包括 2008 年上映的 3D 電影《地心冒險》。
en: Journey to the Center of the Earth (French: Voyage au centre de la Terre, also translated under the titles A Journey to the Centre of the Earth and A Journey to the Interior of the Earth) is an 1864 science fiction novel by Jules Verne. The story involves German professor Otto Lidenbrock who believes there are volcanic tubes going toward the centre of the Earth. He, his nephew Axel, and their guide Hans descend into the Icelandic volcano Snæfellsjökull, encountering many adventures, including prehistoric animals and natural hazards, before eventually coming to the surface again in southern Italy, at the Stromboli volcano.
qas: question: zh_tw: 利登布羅克是什麼小說中的主角？
en: Lidenbrock is the main character in what novel?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《地心歷險記》
en: text: A Journey to the Interior of the Earth
西帝汶
West Timor

context: zh_tw: 在行政區劃上西帝汶原先分為古邦市（省轄市，與縣同級）和四個縣，從西往東依次為：古邦縣、中南帝汶縣、中北帝汶縣和貝盧縣。2012 年從貝盧縣南部析出馬拉卡縣。在 2002 年和 2009 年，分別從古邦縣析出羅地 - 恩道縣（包括西帝汶西南方的羅地島和恩道島等島嶼）和薩武 - 賴朱阿縣（包括西帝汶西方的薩武群島），這兩個縣不再屬於西帝汶。西帝汶人口占整個東努沙登加拉省人口的 35.5%。
en: West Timor is part of the East Nusa Tenggara province. It was formerly split into the City of Kupang (a kabupaten or regency-level administrative area) and four regencies (kabupaten); from west to east these are: Kupang, Timor Tengah Selatan (South Central Timor), Timor Tengah Utara (North Central Timor) and Belu. However, a fifth regency – Malaka – was in 2012 formed from the southern half of Belu Regency. Note the administrative area has shrunk as Rote Ndao Regency (Rote and Ndoa islands to the southwest) and Sabu Raijua Regency (the Savu Islands further west) were split off in 2002 and 2009 respectively from Kupang Regency.  The island accounts for 35.5% of the provincial population.
qas: question: zh_tw: 西帝汶被分為多少個縣？
en: How many regencies was West Timor split into?
answers: zh_tw: text: 四個
en: text: four
卡爾・威廉・馮・施利本
Karl-Wilhelm von Schlieben

context: zh_tw: 卡爾 - 威廉・馮・施利本 （英語：Karl-Wilhelm von Schlieben，1894 年 10 月 30 日－1964 年 6 月 18 日）是德國在第一次世界大戰和第二次世界大戰的指揮官。
en: Karl-Wilhelm von Schlieben (30 October 1894 – 18 June 1964) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II.
qas: question: zh_tw: 施利本是哪一次世界大戰的將軍？
en: During which World War did Schlieben serve as general?
answers: zh_tw: text: 第二次世界大戰
en: text: World War II

context: zh_tw: 在 1944 年 6 月 23 日，空軍中將馮・施利本被任命為瑟堡戰役的指揮官，其中德國最高統帥部已指定成為 “堡壘”。然而，僅僅 3 天后・馮・施利本和超過 800 名德軍士兵向曼頓・S・艾迪少將指揮的美軍第 9 步兵師投降。隨後，又向科林斯將軍正式投降。他被捕後，被關押在特倫特公園，然後他被轉移到第 11 號特別營地於 1945 年 8 月 9 日，他在 1947 年 10 月 7 日被釋放。1964 年 6 月 18 日在吉森去世。
en: On 23 June 1944, Schlieben was appointed Commandant of Cherbourg, which the German high Command had designated as a 'fortress'. Three days later von Schlieben and over 800 other troops surrendered to Major General Manton S. Eddy the Commander of the U.S. 9th Infantry Division. He was held at Trent Park before he was transferred to Island Farm on 9 August 1945. He was released on 7 October 1947. Schlieben died on 18 June 1964 in Gießen.
qas: question: zh_tw: 曼頓・S・艾迪在投降時的軍銜是什麼？
en: What rank did Manton S. Eddy have at the time of surrender?
answers: zh_tw: text: 少將
en: text: Major General
詹姆斯・科米
James Comey

context: zh_tw: 他生於紐約州揚克斯，成長於新澤西州的 Allendale。1982 年畢業於威廉與瑪麗學院的化學、宗教專業。1985 年取得芝加哥大學法學院的法律博士學位。
en: Comey was born on December 14, 1960, in Yonkers, New York, to parents Joan Marie Comey (née Herald) and J. Brien Comey. His grandfather, William J. Comey, was an officer and later commissioner of the Yonkers Police Department. The family moved to Allendale, New Jersey, in the early 1970s. His father worked in corporate real estate and his mother was a computer consultant and homemaker. Comey is of Irish heritage. He attended Northern Highlands Regional High School in Allendale; in 1977 he and his brother were victims of a home invasion by a criminal called "The Ramsey Rapist". Comey graduated from the College of William and Mary in 1982, majoring in chemistry and religion. His senior thesis analyzed the theologian Reinhold Niebuhr and the televangelist Jerry Falwell, emphasizing their common belief in public action. He received his Juris Doctor (JD) from the University of Chicago Law School in 1985.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1985 年，克米取得了哪一種學位？
en: What type of degree did Comey receive in 1985?
answers: zh_tw: text: 法律博士學位
en: text: Juris Doctor (JD)
納沃伊州
Navoiy Region

context: zh_tw: 納沃伊州蘊藏著豐富的天然氣和珍貴金屬資源；這造就了採礦業以及化工等的逢勃發展。其中，位於納沃伊和澤拉夫尚的礦場是重要黃金生產地。此外，納沃伊州也有農業及食物生產工廠。全境有百分之九十的地都是農業用地。1997 年，納沃伊州的對外貿易額有 4.97 億美元。
en: Navoiy region has significant natural resources, especially natural gas, petroleum, and precious metals, plus raw materials for construction. The region's economy is heavily dependent on large mining, metallurgical and chemical production complexes. The Navoi and Zarafshan mines produce some of the world's purest gold.
qas: question: zh_tw: 納沃伊州盛產什麼型別的原材料？
en: What broad category of materials has the Navoiy region produced?
answers: zh_tw: text: 天然氣和珍貴金屬資源
en: text: natural resources
亞當・魏薩普
Adam Weishaupt

context: zh_tw: 亞當・魏薩普出生於巴伐利亞選侯國治下的因戈爾施塔特，其父喬安・格奧爾格・魏薩普為因戈爾施塔特大學法學教授，在他五歲時去世，之後由同為因戈爾施塔特大學法學教授的教父喬安・亞當・馮・艾克斯塔特撫養。艾克斯塔特支援克里斯坦・沃爾夫的學說，他的啟蒙思想對魏薩普造成了深遠的影響。魏薩普 7 歲時開始在一間耶穌會學校接受正式教育，後來就讀因戈爾施塔特大學，1768 年畢業，獲法學博士學位。1772 年魏薩普也成了因戈爾施塔特大學法學教授，次年與 Afra Sausenhofer 結婚。
en: Adam Weishaupt was born on 6 February 1748 in Ingolstadt in the Electorate of Bavaria. Weishaupt's father Johann Georg Weishaupt (1717–1753) died when Adam was five years old. After his father's death he came under the tutelage of his godfather Johann Adam Freiherr von Ickstatt who, like his father, was a professor of law at the University of Ingolstadt. Ickstatt was a proponent of the philosophy of Christian Wolff and of the Enlightenment, and he influenced the young Weishaupt with his rationalism. Weishaupt began his formal education at age seven at a Jesuit school. He later enrolled at the University of Ingolstadt and graduated in 1768 at age 20 with a doctorate of law. In 1772 he became a professor of law. The following year he married Afra Sausenhofer of Eichstätt.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰影響了年輕人？
en: Who did he influence a young?
answers: zh_tw: text: 魏薩普
en: text: Weishaupt
塔利 - 伊漢塔拉戰役
Battle of Tali-Ihantala

context: zh_tw: 塔利 - 伊漢塔拉戰役（1944 年 6 月 25 日至 7 月 9 日）為繼續戰爭（1941 年 - 1944 年）的一部分，其發生於第二次世界大戰中。這場戰鬥由芬蘭 - 由納粹德國支援 - 以及蘇聯所進行。直到今日，這場戰鬥仍然是北歐歷史上最大的戰鬥。
en: The Battle of Tali-Ihantala (June 25 to July 9, 1944) was part of the Finnish-Soviet Continuation War (1941–1944), which occurred during World War II. The battle was fought between Finnish forces—using war materiel provided by Germany—and Soviet forces. To date, it is the largest battle in the history of the Nordic countries.The battle marked a point in the Soviet offensive when the Finnish forces first prevented the Soviets from making any significant gains. Earlier at Siiranmäki and Perkjärvi the Finns had halted advancing Soviet forces. The Finnish forces achieved a defensive victory against overwhelming odds.After the Soviets had failed to create any breakthroughs at Tali-Ihantala, Vyborg Bay, or Vuosalmi, the Soviet Leningrad Front started the previously planned transfer of troops from the Karelian Isthmus to support Operation Bagration, where they were encountering particularly fierce resistance. Though the Leningrad Front failed to advance into Finland as ordered by the Stavka, some historians state that the offensive did eventually force Finland from the war.
qas: question: zh_tw: 塔利 - 伊漢塔拉戰役什麼時候開始和結束？
en: When was the beginning and ending of the battle of Tali-Ihantala?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1944 年 6 月 25 日至 7 月 9 日
en: text: June 25 to July 9, 1944
約瑟夫・海頓

context: zh_tw: 法蘭茲・約瑟夫・海頓（德語：Franz Joseph Haydn，1732 年 3 月 31 日－1809 年 5 月 31 日），又譯海登、海典、偕丁，奧地利作曲家。海頓是繼巴赫之後又一位偉大的器樂作曲家，是古典主義音樂的傑出代表。被譽稱交響曲之父和絃樂四重奏之父。
qas: question: zh_tw: 法蘭茲・約瑟夫・海頓的創作處於什麼音樂時期？
en: Which period of music did Franz Joseph Haydn compose during?
answers: zh_tw: text: 古典主義音樂

context: zh_tw: 海頓在埃斯特哈齊三十多年擔任樂長期間，不但創作出大量音樂作品，風格也不斷有所創新，而且名聲在外。逐漸地開始不但為僱主，也為公眾寫曲。這期間他的著名作品如 “巴黎交響曲”（1785–1786）和最早為合唱版本的《臨終七言》就應國外邀請而作。
qas: question: zh_tw: 海頓在哪裡工作？
en: Where did Haydn work?
answers: zh_tw: text: 埃斯特哈齊
岡崎慎司
Shinji Okazaki

context: zh_tw: 在 2004 年從瀧川第二中學畢業後，岡崎慎司在接下來一年加盟職業俱樂部清水心跳。在 2005 年 12 月，他在對陣廣島三箭的比賽中以替補身份完成首場日本甲組職業足球聯賽比賽。2007 年 4 月 15 日，他在對陣川崎前鋒的賽事中打進首個職業生涯的進球。岡崎慎司以 13 場上陣打進 3 球完成自己首個職業賽季。
en: After graduating Takigawa Daini High School in 2004, Okazaki signed full professional terms with Shimizu S-Pulse the following year. In December 2005, he made his first J.League appearance as a substitute against Sanfrecce Hiroshima. On 15 April 2007, he scored his first professional goal against Kawasaki Frontale. Okazaki ended his first season as a first team player with three goals from 13 matches.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他什麼時候高中畢業？
en: When did he graduate high school?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2004
en: text: 2004

context: zh_tw: 2013 年 7 月 1 日，岡崎慎司加盟緬恩斯。 他在 2013 年至 2014 年德甲賽季揭幕戰對陣前東家史特加的比賽中為緬恩斯打進首球，協助俱樂部以 3:2 擊敗對手。在賽季結束後他打進 15 個聯賽進球。
en: On 1 July 2013, Okazaki moved to 1. FSV Mainz 05. He scored his first goal for Mainz on his debut in a 3–2 win against his former club Stuttgart on the opening matchday of the 2013–14 Bundesliga season. At the end of the season he ended with 15 league goals.
qas: question: zh_tw: 岡崎何時贏得冠軍？
en: When did Okazaki move to 1?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2013 年 7 月 1 日
en: text: 1 July 2013
瑪格麗特・漢密爾頓
Margaret Hamilton (software engineer)

context: zh_tw: 瑪格麗特・希菲爾德的父母分別名叫肯尼斯・希菲爾德（Kenneth Heafield）和露絲・希菲爾德（Ruth Esther Heafield）。1954 年，她從漢考克高中（Hancock High School）畢業，隨後入讀厄勒姆學院，並於四年後取得文學士學位，專業是數學，輔修哲學。大學學成後，她曾短暫在做過高中數學和法語老師，其時她的丈夫仍未本科畢業。之後她搬到了麻省波士頓，原計劃入讀布蘭迪斯大學，完成抽象代數方向的研究生學業，但 1960 年卻得到了一份麻省理工學院的臨時的軟體開發職位，負責編寫在 PDP-1 和 LGP-30 計算機上執行的天氣預報軟體，工作地點則是由馬文・閔斯基領導的 MIT 計算機科學和人工智慧實驗室。她的直接上司是愛德華・諾頓・洛倫茨教授，後者正在氣象學系研究對大氣進行數學建模。在當時，計算機科學和軟體工程還算不上是學科，程式設計師們都是透過工作積累經驗。
en: Margaret Heafield was born on August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana, to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (née Partington). After graduating from Hancock High School in 1954, she studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955. She earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy from Earlham College in 1958.She briefly taught high school mathematics and French upon graduation to support her husband while he worked on his undergraduate degree at Harvard University. She moved to Boston, Massachusetts, with the intention of doing graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. She cites Florence Long, the head of the math department at Earlham College, as helping with her desire to pursue abstract mathematics and become a mathematics professor. She had other inspirations outside the world of technology including her father (a philosopher and poet), and her grandfather (a school headmaster and Quaker minister). She says these men inspired her to include a minor in philosophy in her studies.
qas: question: zh_tw: 瑪格麗特・希菲爾德上過的高中叫什麼？
en: What high school did Margaret Heafield attend?
answers: zh_tw: text: 考克高中（Hancock High School）
en: text: Hancock High School
Whoami

context: zh_tw: 在類 Unix 作業系統上，命令的輸出與 $USER 稍有不同，因為 whoami 輸出使用者正在使用的使用者名稱，而 $USER 輸出用於登入的使用者名稱。例如，例如，假使使用者以使用者名稱 John 登入並使用命令 su（su 預設不呼叫 login shell）獲得了 root 許可權，此時若使用 whoami 命令會輸出 root，而 echo $USER 對應的輸出則是 John。
qas: question: zh_tw: 據什麼的使用者名稱來使用 $USER？
en: What does $USER use as far as the person username?
answers: zh_tw: text: 用於登入的使用者名稱

context: zh_tw: 該命令也可作為 Windows 2000 Resource Kit 和 Windows XP SP2 支援工具的一部分。
qas: question: zh_tw: iRMX 86 配備了哪些 Windows 產品？
en: Which Windows products did the iRMX 86 come along with?
answers: zh_tw: text: Windows 2000 Resource Kit 和 Windows XP SP2 支援工具
謝戈德阿維拉省

context: zh_tw: 謝戈德阿維拉省北部海岸有一系列群島，現發展成為重要的旅遊度假勝地。其中最著名的是科科島（Cayo Coco）和吉列爾莫島（Cayo Guillermo）。而起南部海岸以紅樹著稱。
qas: question: zh_tw: 在南部海岸可以看見什麼？
en: What can be found on the south coast?
answers: zh_tw: text: 紅樹

context: zh_tw: 在莫龍與北海岸之間有幾座湖泊，包括萊切湖（La Laguna de Leche，直譯 “牛奶之湖”，由於其湖底高石灰含量而呈現出白色），它同時也是古巴最大的一座自然湖泊。
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼礦物質讓萊切湖擁有綽號？
en: What mineral gives Laguna de Leche is moniker?
answers: zh_tw: text: Leche，直譯 “牛奶之湖”，由於其湖底高石灰含量而呈現出白色），它同時也是古巴最大的一座自然湖泊。
草蛉科
Chrysopidae

context: zh_tw: 根據物種和環境的不同，有些草蛉科的生物一生只吃掉大約 150 只蚜蟲，另一些一週就可以吃掉 100 只蚜蟲。因此，在一些國家，養育了幾百萬只這樣的昆蟲用於農業和園藝上的生物害蟲控制。它們以蟲卵的形式銷售，卵在田野裡孵化。效果是多樣化的，因此有待更進一步的研究來更好地使用它們。
en: While depending on species and environmental conditions, some green lacewings will eat only about 150 prey items in their entire life, in other cases 100 aphids will be eaten in a single week. Thus, in several countries, millions of such voracious Chrysopidae are reared for sale as biological control agents of insect and mite pests in agriculture and gardens. They are distributed as eggs, since as noted above they are highly aggressive and cannibalistic in confined quarters; the eggs hatch in the field. Their performance is variable; thus, there is interest in further research to improve the use of green lacewings as biological pest control. Species that have hitherto attracted wider study and are more or less readily available as captive-bred eggs to deposit out for hatching in pest-infested plant cultures are several members of Chrysoperla as well as Mallada signatus. They are a natural predator of the European corn borer, a moth that costs the US agriculture industry more than $1 billion annually in crop losses and population control.Gardeners can attract these lacewings – and therefore ensure a steady supply of larvae – by using certain companion plants and tolerating beneficial weeds. Chrysopidae are attracted mainly by Asteraceae – e.g. calliopsis (Coreopsis), cosmos (Cosmos), sunflowers (Helianthus) and dandelion (Taraxacum) – and Apiaceae such as dill (Anethum) or angelica (Angelica).
qas: question: zh_tw: 飼養草蛉科是幹什麼的？
en: What are the Chrysopidae reared for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 銷售
en: text: sale
沃西卡縣 (明尼蘇達州)
Waseca County, Minnesota

context: zh_tw: 沃西卡縣（Waseca County, Minnesota）是美國明尼蘇達州南部的一個縣。面積 1,121 平方公里。根據美國 2000 年人口普查，共有人口 19,526 人。縣治沃西卡 (Waseca)。
en: Waseca County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 19,136. Its county seat is Waseca.
qas: question: zh_tw: 沃西卡位於何處？
en: Waseca is located where?
answers: zh_tw: text: 明尼蘇達州
en: text: Minnesota
Profibus
Profibus

context: zh_tw: 若依據 EIA-485 規範（舊稱「RS-485」或「RS485」）的電氣傳輸方式，會使用阻抗 150 歐姆的雙絞線，位元速率範圍可以從 9.6 kbit/s 到 12 Mbit/s。兩臺中繼器之間的網路線長也有限制，隨位元率的不同，上限從 100 公尺到 1200 公尺。這種傳輸方式主要配合 PROFIBUS DP 使用。
en: With electrical transmission pursuant to EIA-485, twisted pair cables with impedances of 150 ohms are used in a bus topology. Bit rates from 9.6 kbit/s to 12 Mbit/s can be used. The cable length between two repeaters is limited from 100 to 1200 m, depending on the bit rate used. This transmission method is primarily used with PROFIBUS DP.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在匯流排拓撲結構中，雙絞線電纜有多少阻抗（歐姆）
en: In a bus topology, how much impedance (in ohms) do twisted pair cables have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 若依據 EIA-485 規範（舊稱「RS-485」或「RS485」）的電氣傳輸方式，會使用阻抗 150 歐姆的雙絞線，位元速率範圍可以從 9.6
en: text: 150 ohms
白鷳
Silver pheasant

context: zh_tw: L. n. annamensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906) – 南越亞種 –分佈於越南南部山區森林
en: L. n. annamensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906) – Annam silver pheasant – montane forests of southern Vietnam
qas: question: zh_tw: 森林在越南的哪部分？
en: What part of Vietnam was the forest in?
answers: zh_tw: text: 南部
en: text: southern
阿德萊德
Adelaide

context: zh_tw: 1900 年阿德萊德開始使用電燈照明，1909 年府城市內開始使用有軌電車。第一次世界大戰時，阿德萊德徵募了 2.8 萬士兵。戰後府城經濟大發展，但是乾旱和 1930 年代的大蕭條對阿德萊德再次打擊，在一個強有力的政府的領導下，阿德萊德得以擺脫蕭條。為了擺脫對第一產業的依靠城市開始發展第二產業。1933 年，南澳州共有 580,949 名居民，居民數的增高比澳大利亞其他州的速度要低。第二次世界大戰為阿德萊德的工業帶來了新的刺激。阿德萊德的工業開始多樣化。作為一個後方安全的生產地阿德萊德發展迅速。在二戰中共有七萬阿德萊德人接受徵募。附近懷阿拉的船廠擴建。
en: Adelaide was Australia's third largest city for most of the 20th century. Electric street lighting was introduced in 1900 and electric trams were transporting passengers in 1909. 28,000 men were sent to fight in World War I. Historian F. W. Crowley examined the reports of visitors in the early 20th century, noting that "many visitors to Adelaide admired the foresighted planning of its founders", as well as pondering the riches of the young city. Adelaide enjoyed a postwar boom, entering a time of relative prosperity. Its population grew, and it became the third most populous metropolitan area in the country, after Sydney and Melbourne. Its prosperity was short-lived, with the return of droughts and the Great Depression of the 1930s. It later returned to fortune under strong government leadership.Secondary industries helped reduce the state's dependence on primary industries. World War II brought industrial stimulus and diversification to Adelaide under the Playford Government, which advocated Adelaide as a safe place for manufacturing due to its less vulnerable location. Shipbuilding was expanded at the nearby port of Whyalla.
qas: question: zh_tw: 阿德萊德哪一年開始有公共交通方式？
en: Adelaid had a form of public transportation in which year?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1909
en: text: 1909
安傑洛・巴尼亞斯科
Angelo Bagnasco

context: zh_tw: 巴尼亞斯科出生於義大利蓬泰維科，於 1966 年 6 月 29 日晉鐸，1998 年 2 月 7 日晉牧。1998 年至 2003 年間，他曾任天主教佩薩羅總教區總主教。2006 年 8 月 29 日起擔任天主教熱那亞總教區總主教。2007 年 11 月 24 日被教宗本篤十六世冊封為樞機。
en: He attended the liceum of classics at the archdiocosean seminary of Genoa, and was ordained to the priesthood on 29 June 1966 by Cardinal Giuseppe Siri. While a priest in Genoa, he received a degree in philosophy from the University of Genoa, served as professor of metaphysics and contemporary atheism at the Theological Faculty of Northern Italy, and led the archdiocesan liturgical and catechesis offices.  He was once the diocesan representative to the FUCI (the Italian Catholic Federation of University Students) and led efforts for the pastoral care of students in the region.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他何時被授以聖職？
en: When was he ordained?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1966 年 6 月 29 日
en: text: 29 June 1966
M15
Messier 15

context: zh_tw: M15 距離地球大約 33,600 光年，直徑約 175 光年。它的絕對星等是 - 9.2，轉換成總光度是太陽的 360,000 倍。M15 是銀河系中已知最密集的球狀星團之一。其核心經歷過稱為核心崩潰，並且在它的中心有一個密度尖點，可能有大量的恆星圍繞著可能存在中心的黑洞。
en: M 15 is about 33,600 light-years from Earth, and 175 light-years in diameter. It has an absolute magnitude of −9.2, which translates to a total luminosity of 360,000 times that of the Sun. Messier 15 is one of the most densely packed globulars known in the Milky Way galaxy. Its core has undergone a contraction known as "core collapse" and it has a central density cusp with an enormous number of stars surrounding what may be a central black hole.Home to over 100,000 stars, the cluster is notable for containing a large number of variable stars (112) and pulsars (8), including one double neutron star system, M15-C. It also contains Pease 1, the first planetary nebula discovered within a globular cluster in 1928. Just three others have been found in globular clusters since then.
qas: question: zh_tw: M15 比太陽明亮多少倍？\n
en: How many times brighter than the Sun is M 15?
answers: zh_tw: text: 360,000
en: text: 360,000