zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
斯威特古道
Sweet Track

context: zh_tw: 1970 年，古道在開挖泥炭過程中被髮掘，並以發現者瑞伊・斯威特（Ray Sweet）的姓氏命名。他服務的公司 E・J・古德溫把一片從古道上取下的木板交給劍橋大學考古學助理講師約翰・科爾斯（John Coles）。科爾斯在之前已經執行過一些附近古道的挖掘作業，他對這條古道的興趣催生了 1973 起為期 16 年的索美塞特平原計劃（Somerset Levels Project），並從英格蘭遺產委員會等多方捐獻者獲得研究資金。這項計劃承辦一系列地方性考古研究，以及確定這些西元前數千年就存在的古道經濟和地理意義。約翰和布萊恩妮・科爾斯（Bryony Coles）在索美塞特平原計劃的努力在 1996 年獲得肯定，他們以該考古計劃對知識有卓越貢獻為由獲得帝國化學工業獎，2006 年又得到歐洲考古學家協會（EAA）頒發的獎項。樹木年輪學有助於更精確的確認古道的年齡，研究結果顯示其在西元前約 3807 年建造，這個年代推定讓斯威特古道成為世界上最古老的道路。 一直到 2009 年，貝爾馬許監獄附近一條已經超過 6000 歲的古道被發現後，斯威特古道才成為世界第二。針對斯威特古道組成的分析亦對新石器時代的樹木年輪學研究有所助益；將其和來自特倫特河的木頭和史多佛德的沉水森林比較，不僅能更完整繪製年輪影象，還能找出其和氣候變遷的關係。那些用於建造這條古道的木材被歸類於沼木，其為長時間（可達數百至數千年）埋在泥炭沼澤中的木頭，而且因為沼澤酸性的缺氧環境得以避免腐敗。沼木通常被溶解在酸性水溶液的單寧染成褐色，表現出化石化作用的早期階段。英國環境食物及農村事務部因古道年代久遠而集資併發起一場大規模發掘作業。
en: The track was discovered in 1970 during peat excavations and is named after its finder, Ray Sweet. The company for which he worked, E. J. Godwin, sent part of a plank from the track to John Coles, an assistant lecturer in archaeology at Cambridge University, who had carried out some excavations on nearby trackways. Coles' interest in the trackways led to the Somerset Levels Project, which ran from 1973 to 1989, funded by various donors including English Heritage. The project undertook a range of local archaeological activities, and established the economic and geographic significance of various trackways from the third and first millennia BC. The work of John Coles, Bryony Coles, and the Somerset Levels Project was recognised in 1996 when they won the Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) Award for the best archaeological project offering a major contribution to knowledge, and in 2006 with the European Archaeological Heritage Prize.Dendrochronology (tree-ring dating) of the timbers has enabled precise dating of the track, showing it was built in 3807 BC. This dating led to claims that the Sweet Track was the oldest roadway in the world, until the discovery in 2009 of a 6,000-year-old trackway built in 4100 BC, in Plumstead, near Belmarsh prison. Analysis of the Sweet Track's timbers has aided research into Neolithic Era dendrochronology; comparisons with wood from the River Trent and a submerged forest at Stolford enabled a fuller mapping of the rings, and their relationship with the climate of the period.The wood used to build the track is now classed as bog-wood, the name given to wood (of any source) that for long periods (sometimes hundreds of thousands of years) has been buried in peat bogs, and kept from decaying by the acidic and anaerobic bog conditions. Bog-wood usually is stained brown by tannins dissolved in the acidic water, and represents an early stage of fossilisation. The age of the track prompted large-scale excavations in 1973, funded by the Department of the Environment.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰最先於 1970 年在劍橋大學建立了考古記錄？
en: Who first founded the archaeological track at Cambridge University in 1970?
answers: zh_tw: text: 瑞伊・斯威特（Ray Sweet）
en: text: Ray Sweet
哈羅德・麥美倫
Harold Macmillan

context: zh_tw: 在麥美倫的帶領下，保守黨成功在 1959 年大選中取得勝利，而在下院的多數優勢更從 67 席增加至 107 席。正如競選標語說到：「保守黨下的生活好得多了」（Life's Better Under the Conservatives），保守黨的成功無疑是經濟改善的成果。麥美倫自己也評論到：「無疑，容我直截地說，絕大部份國民都從未有過這麼好的生活。」這句說話後來常常被演繹為：「你從未有過這麼好的生活。」（You've never had it so good）不過，不少批評者卻認為，麥美倫任內實際的經濟增長根本十分少，而且增長更受到了軍費開支增加所限制。
en: Macmillan led the Conservatives to victory in the 1959 general election, increasing his party's majority from 67 to 107 seats. The campaign was based on the economic improvements achieved as well as the low unemployment and improving standard of living; the slogan "Life's Better Under the Conservatives" was matched by Macmillan's own remark, "indeed let us be frank about it—most of our people have never had it so good," usually paraphrased as "You've never had it so good." Such rhetoric reflected a new reality of working-class affluence; it has been argued that "the key factor in the Conservative victory was that average real pay for industrial workers had risen since Churchill's 1951 victory by over 20 per cent". The scale of the victory meant that not only had the Conservatives won three successive general elections, but they had also increased their majority each time. And it sparked debate as to whether Labour (now led by Hugh Gaitskell) could win a general election again. The standard of living had risen enough that workers could participate in a consumer economy, shifting the working class concerns away from traditional Labour Party views.The Daily Mirror, despite being a staunch supporter of the Labour Party, wished Macmillan "good luck" on its front page after his win.
qas: question: zh_tw: 保守黨在 1959 年的選舉中從原來的几席增加到 107 席？
en: The conservative party increased to 107 seats in the 1959 election from what original number?
answers: zh_tw: text: 而在下院的多數優勢更從 67 席增加至 107 席
en: text: 67
冶天科技
ATI Technologies

context: zh_tw: ATI 公司由四位加拿大的移民在 1985 年 8 月 20 日創辦，他們分別是來自香港的劉理凱（Lee Ka Lau）、劉百行（P. H. Lau）、何國源（Kwok Yuen Ho）、班尼・劉（Benny Lau）。
en: Lee Ka Lau, Francis Lau, Benny Lau, and Kwok Yuen Ho founded ATI in 1985 as Array Technology Inc.
qas: question: zh_tw: 冶天科技的創始人是誰？
en: Who are the founders of Array Technology Inc.?
answers: zh_tw: text: 劉理凱（Lee Ka Lau）、劉百行（P. H. Lau）、何國源（Kwok Yuen Ho）、班尼・劉（Benny Lau）
en: text: Lee Ka Lau, Francis Lau, Benny Lau, and Kwok Yuen Ho
阿甘正傳

context: zh_tw: 《阿甘正傳》（英語：Forrest Gump）是美國作家溫斯頓・葛魯姆於 1986 年出版的小說，1994 年改編為同名電影，由羅伯特・澤米基斯導演，湯姆・漢克斯、羅蘋・萊特、蓋瑞・辛尼茲、麥卡提・威廉森和莎莉・菲爾德主演。故事講述了純真傻氣，卻也心地善良，有著驚人的運動天賦，在阿拉巴馬州生活了幾十年的阿甘，在某些事件的影響下，定義了 20 世紀下半葉美國的一些事件。更具體地說，是在阿甘出生的 1944 年和 1982 年之間。電影與溫斯頓・葛魯姆的小說有著很多的差別，包括阿甘的性格和幾個事件的描繪。
qas: question: zh_tw: 你如何評價福雷斯特・甘普這個人？
en: how would you describe Forrest Gump?
answers: zh_tw: text: 純真傻氣，卻也心地善良

context: zh_tw: 上學第一天搭校車時，阿甘碰到珍妮，兩人成了好朋友。一天，從惡霸的手中逃脫時，阿甘腿部的支架斷開，他發現自己可以跑得很快。
qas: question: zh_tw: 阿甘在上學第一天碰到誰？
en: Who did Forrest meet on the first day of school?
answers: zh_tw: text: 珍妮

context: zh_tw: 影片於 1993 年 8 月開始攝製，同年 12 月結束。大多數場景在阿拉巴馬州取景，但主要是在附近的南卡羅來納州博福特和維吉尼亞州部分沿岸地區取景，包括藍嶺山行車通道的跑步鏡頭。虛構城鎮的市區部分則是南卡羅來納州瓦恩維爾。阿甘在越南戰場火線下跑步的場景，則在南卡羅來納州弗裡普島取景。其他取景地包括北卡羅來納州阿什維爾的比爾特莫莊園和北卡羅來納州布恩的藍嶺大道。最引人著名地方是祖父山的一段路名為 “阿甘彎道”。阿甘一家的屋子在南卡羅來納州雅馬西附近的康巴黑河搭建，附近的土地用作珍妮的家以及越南的戰場，越南場景種了 20 棵棕櫚樹。影片開頭阿甘講述他一生的故事，是在佐治亞州薩凡納的齊佩瓦廣場巴士站長凳。薩凡納周邊地區也用來取景，包括理查德・V. 伍茲紀念大橋取景的跑步鏡頭，以及在薩凡納西灣街接受媒體採訪的場景。大學校園多數取景於洛杉磯南加州大學。阿甘首次跑步橫跨大西洋是在緬因州克萊德港的馬歇爾燈塔。
qas: question: zh_tw: 影片哪一年結束拍攝？
en: What year did filming end?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1993

context: zh_tw: 肯・羅爾斯敦（Ken Ralston）的團隊在光影魔幻工業為影片製作特效。影片中阿甘與當時名人握手的場景，採用了 CGI 技術。漢克斯首次戴參考標識面對藍幕拍戲，以便調整檔案影片。為了錄下歷史人物的聲音，用上了雙語音，新的對話用特效改變嘴部的運動。檔案影片用上了色鍵、影象變形、影響變形、轉描機技術等技術，配合漢克斯動作。
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰被收錄到檔案片段中？
en: Who was integrated into the archival footage?
answers: zh_tw: text: 漢克斯

question: zh_tw: 肯・萊斯頓在哪裡工作？
en: Where did Ken Ralston work?
answers: zh_tw: text: 光影魔幻工業
凱特・謝潑德

context: zh_tw: 凱瑟琳・威爾遜・謝潑德（英語：Katherine Wilson Sheppard，原名凱瑟琳・威爾遜・馬爾科姆（Catherine Wilson Malcolm），1848 年 3 月 10 日－1934 年 7 月 13 日）是紐西蘭女性參政權運動中最傑出的人物，也是紐西蘭最知名的女性參政者。她出生於英國利物浦，1868 年隨家人移民至紐西蘭。在紐西蘭，她成為了包括基督教婦女禁酒聯合會 (WCTU) 在內的各種宗教和社會組織的活躍成員。1887 年，謝潑德被任命為基督教婦女禁酒聯合會主管選舉及立法的全國負責人，在她任職期間，紐西蘭的女性參政權事業得到推動。
qas: question: zh_tw: 紐西蘭要求平等權利的最傑出人物是誰？
en: who was the highest person that wanted equal rights in new zealand?
answers: zh_tw: text: 凱瑟琳・威爾遜・謝潑德

context: zh_tw: 謝潑德透過組織情願、公開說明會、向媒體致函、與政治家建立聯絡等方式促進女性參政權。她是紐西蘭首家由女性主辦的報紙《白絲帶》（英語：The White Ribbon）的編輯。透過她嫻熟的文風和極具說服力的演講，成功倡導女性參政。她的小冊子《為什麼紐西蘭女性應該投票的十個原因》（英語：Ten Reasons Why the Women of New Zealand Should Vote）及《女性應該投票嗎？》（英語：Should Women Vote?）對女性參政權事業起到了推動作用。
qas: question: zh_tw: 《白絲帶》在哪個國家經營？
en: In what country did The White Ribbon operate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 紐西蘭

context: zh_tw: 凱特・謝潑德原名凱瑟琳・威爾遜・馬爾科姆，生於英格蘭利物浦，她的雙親是蘇格蘭人，母親是傑邁瑪・克勞福德・蘇塔，父親是安德魯・威爾遜・馬爾科姆。她通常喜歡將她的名字寫成 “凱瑟琳”，或簡寫為 “凱特”。她接受了良好的教育，並因她淵博的知識，此後聞名於世。在一段時間裡，她與擔任蘇格蘭自由教會牧師的叔叔一同住在奈恩。1869 年，凱特的父親死後，一家人移居到基督城。三年後，她嫁給了沃爾特・艾倫・謝潑德，他們的獨子 —— 道格拉斯，生於 1880 年 12 月 8 日。
qas: question: zh_tw: 凱特・謝潑德的真名是什麼？
en: What is Kate Sheppard's real name?
answers: zh_tw: text: 凱瑟琳・威爾遜・馬爾科姆
怪獸與葛林戴華德的罪行
Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald

context: zh_tw: 《怪獸與葛林戴華德之罪》（英語：Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald）是一部於 2018 年上映的英美合拍奇幻電影，由大衛・葉斯執導，改編自 J・K・羅琳於 2001 年的小說《怪獸與牠們的產地》，此電影是《哈利波特系列電影》的衍生及前傳電影，也是 2016 年電影《怪獸與牠們的產地》的續集，同時亦是整個 J・K・羅琳的魔法世界中第十部電影。電影主演包括了艾迪・瑞德曼、凱薩琳・華特斯頓、丹・富樂、艾莉森・蘇朵、伊薩・米勒、柔伊・克拉維茲、卡倫・透納、金秀賢、威廉・奈迪蘭、凱文・格斯理、裘德・洛和強尼・戴普。劇情講述紐特・斯卡曼德與阿不思・鄧不利多試圖拿下黑巫師蓋勒・葛林戴華德，同時面臨著魔法世界分裂的新威脅。
en: Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald is a 2018 fantasy film directed by David Yates and written by J. K. Rowling. A joint British and American production, it is the sequel to Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016). It is the second instalment in the Fantastic Beasts film series, and the tenth overall in the Wizarding World franchise, which began with the Harry Potter film series. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Eddie Redmayne, Katherine Waterston, Dan Fogler, Alison Sudol, Ezra Miller, Zoë Kravitz, Callum Turner, Claudia Kim, William Nadylam, Kevin Guthrie, Jude Law, and Johnny Depp. The plot follows Newt Scamander and Albus Dumbledore as they attempt to take down the dark wizard Gellert Grindelwald, while facing new threats in a more divided wizarding world.
qas: question: zh_tw: 克拉維茲家族的哪一個成員在系列電影《神奇動物在哪裡》裡扮演角色？
en: Which member of the Kravitz family stars in the Fantastic Beasts film series?
answers: zh_tw: text: 柔伊・克拉維茲
en: text: Zoë Kravitz

context: zh_tw: 最初，在 2014 年 10 月華納兄弟宣佈將製作《怪獸》三部曲。在 2016 年 7 月，大衛・葉慈確認羅琳已撰寫第二部電影的劇本，並有第三部電影的想法。第三部電影將在 2020 年 11 月 20 日上映。2016 年 10 月，羅琳表示該系列將有五部電影。
en: Initially, in October 2014, the studio announced there would be a Fantastic Beasts trilogy. In July 2016, David Yates confirmed that Rowling had written the screenplay for the second film and had ideas for the third. The third film is set to be released on 12 November 2021. In October 2016, Rowling stated that the series would be composed of five films.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰有第三部《神奇動物在哪裡》電影的計劃？
en: Who had plans for the third Fantastic Beasts film?
answers: zh_tw: text: 羅琳
en: text: Rowling
穆罕默德・易卜拉欣・沙爾
Mohammad al-Shaar

context: zh_tw: 1950 年沙爾生於敘利亞拉塔基亞省的哈法市。1971 年他入伍，後來在安全部門中任職，包括阿勒頗軍事警察部隊司令與塞德納亞監獄長。在擔任內政部長以前，他是敘軍事警察部隊司令。
en: Shaar joined the armed forces in 1971 and held a number of security positions, including chief of the military security in Tartous, the chief of the military security in Aleppo, and the commander and chief of the Syrian military police. He was the commander of the military police prior to being appointed minister of interior.He was appointed interior minister in April 2011, replacing Said Mohammad Sammour.
qas: question: zh_tw: sharr 在警察部隊職位是什麼？
en: What was Shaar's rank in Aleppo?
answers: zh_tw: text: 司令
en: text: chief
貝達與巴尼亞斯屠殺
Bayda and Baniyas massacres

context: zh_tw: 早在 2013 年 5 月 2 日，在貝達村反對派武裝與政府軍展開交戰。活動人士聲稱一輛載有親政府民兵（據悉是沙比哈民兵）的巴士遭到攻擊，7 人喪生，20 至 30 人受傷。來自周邊地區的敘利亞政府軍和沙比哈民兵在下午趕到該地區並開始襲擊這個村莊。
en: Early on 2 May 2013, rebels fought with government troops near Bayda. Activists said a bus carrying pro-government militants, known as Shabiha, was attacked, killing seven and wounding 20-30. Syrian forces and Shabiha militiamen from the surrounding area returned in the afternoon and stormed the village.
qas: question: zh_tw: 叛亂分子何時開始戰鬥？
en: When did the rebels begin fighting?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2013 年 5 月 2 日
en: text: 2 May 2013

context: zh_tw: 政府軍在親政府武裝分子的支援下攻入位於地中海沿岸山區中的貝達村，殺死了數十人，其中包括婦女和兒童，並焚燬了住宅。在軍隊攻入村莊前，政府軍使用火箭彈轟炸了該村。敘利亞人權觀察組織聲稱至少 50 人，並且最多有可能達到 100 人，在這次暴力事件中喪生。目擊者聲稱有些人是被刀或者鈍器殺害的，還有數十名村民下落不明。之後，敘利亞人權觀察組織聲稱他們有能力證明有 51 人被殺害。另一份報告則能夠證明 72 人被殺。反對派活動人士聲稱儘管貝達村是反對派控制的，但村裡只有 14 名反對派武裝分子。一名反對派活動人士說這次屠殺事件其實是對 4 天前附近地區另一起造成多名士兵喪生的襲擊事件的報復行動。受害者中包括貝達村前任伊瑪目 Sheikh Biyasi，他擔任貝達村伊瑪目長達 30 年。他被形容為 “政府的忠實支持者，在兩年前辭職之前由於他的政治觀點而遭到人們的疏遠。” 根據一名倖存者的說法，“雖然他一直反對抗議活動，但他還是被殺害了”。Biyasi 的家庭被路透社描述為遭受了 “許多最嚴重的損失，能夠證實有 36 名家庭成員遇害”。
en: Syrian troops backed by the pro-government gunmen swept into the village in the mountains near the Mediterranean coast killing dozens of people, including women and children, and torching homes. Before the militia entered the village, the military bombarded Bayda from the sea with rockets.The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said that at least 50 people – and possibly as many as 100 – were killed in the violence. Witnesses said some of the dead were killed with knives or blunt objects and that dozens of villagers were still missing. Later, SOHR stated they were able to document the deaths of 51 people. Another activist report documented 72 deaths. Opposition activists said that, although Bayda was rebel-held, only 14 rebel fighters were in the village. One opposition activist stated that the attack was in fact retaliation for another attack in a neighbouring area four days previously that had resulted in the death of several soldiers.Victims included Bayda's former village imam of 30 years, Sheikh Biyasi, described as "a government loyalist who alienated local people with his political views before resigning two years ago." According to one survivor, "even though he always opposed the protests, they still killed him." The Biyasi family was described by Reuters as suffering "some of the worst losses, with 36 documented deaths".
qas: question: zh_tw: 數名村民如何被敘利亞軍隊殺害？
en: How were some of the villagers killed by the Syrian troops?
answers: zh_tw: text: 刀或者鈍器
en: text: knives or blunt objects
愛爾蘭國家博物館
National Museum of Ireland

context: zh_tw: 自然史博物館是國家博物館的一部分，位於梅林街，收藏來自世界各地的動物標本。它的收藏和維多利亞式的外觀自 20 世紀初以來沒有顯著的改變。
en: The Natural History Museum, which is part of the National Museum, although often thought of as distinct, is on Merrion Street in Dublin and houses specimens of animals from around the world. Its collection and Victorian appearance have not changed significantly since the early 20th century.
qas: question: zh_tw: 自然歷史博物館裡有什麼？
en: What is contained in the Natural History Museum?
answers: zh_tw: text: 動物標本
en: text: specimens of animals
沃爾夫岡・朔伊布勒
Wolfgang Schäuble

context: zh_tw: 朔伊布勒於 1961 年就讀 Hausach 高中，今天被稱為是 Robert-Gerwig 高中，畢業後於佛萊堡大學、漢堡大學就讀法律和經濟學，並於 1966 年透過第一次法律國家考試。1970 年透過第二次法律國家考試。
en: Schäuble was born in Freiburg im Breisgau, as the son of a tax finance advisor. He is the middle brother of three. After completing his Abitur in 1961, Schäuble studied law and economics at the University of Freiburg and the University of Hamburg, which he completed in 1966 and 1970 by passing the First and Second State Examinations respectively, becoming a fully qualified lawyer.
qas: question: zh_tw: 朔伊布勒在哪一年成為了合格的律師？
en: What year was Schäuble an eligible lawyer?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1970 年
en: text: 1970
米蘭公國

context: zh_tw: 1498 年查理一世的兒子成為了法國國王路易十二，他立即尋求成為米蘭公國的繼承人。1499 年，他入侵米蘭，並很快驅逐了當時的公爵盧多維科・斯福爾扎。法國統治米蘭直至 1513 年被瑞士人驅逐為止，而瑞士人就將盧多維科的兒子馬克西米連・斯福爾扎推上王位。馬克西米連在位時間並不是太長。由弗朗索瓦一世率領的法軍於 1515 年再次入侵米蘭，並在馬里尼亞諾戰役中打敗瑞士人重奪米蘭，並俘獲了馬克西米連。1521 年法軍又被奧地利驅逐，這次奧地利將馬克西米連的弟弟推上王位，成為弗朗西斯高二世。
qas: question: zh_tw: 奧爾良公爵是哪一年入侵米蘭的？
en: What year did the Duke of Orleans invade Milan?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1499 年

context: zh_tw: 1525 年帕維亞之戰中神聖羅馬帝國對法軍取得決定性勝利之後，查理五世的神聖羅馬帝國皇軍看似將會統治米蘭，有見及此，弗朗西斯高聯合威尼斯、佛羅倫薩、教宗、和法國組成科尼亞同盟對抗神聖羅馬帝國。這導致弗朗西斯高立即被帝國軍驅逐出米蘭，但他仍能在公國的數個城市維持統治。他後來在 1529 年的康佈雷條約中重新復歸米蘭。
qas: question: zh_tw: 法國在帕維亞戰敗的是哪一年？
en: What year were the French Defeated at Pavia?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1525 年
阿拉丁 (動畫影集)
Aladdin (animated TV series)

context: zh_tw: 《阿拉丁》（英語：Aladdin）是美國 1994 年到 1995 年由華特迪士尼電視所製作的卡通影集，是繼 1992 年同名電影關聯作品《賈方復仇記》後的衍伸作品，於 1994 年 9 月 5 日至 1995 年 11 月 25 日播映，全 86 集。
en: Aladdin is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation which aired from February 6, 1994, to November 25, 1995, based on the original 1992 Disney film of the same name. The series is set after The Return of Jafar, and picks up where the installment left off.
qas: question: zh_tw: 迪士尼阿拉丁原創電影在哪一年製作？
en: In what year was the original Disney Aladdin film made?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1992
en: text: 1992
平民十字軍

context: zh_tw: 教皇烏爾巴諾二世計劃讓十字軍在 1096 年 8 月 15 日出發，但在數個月之前，就有一群出乎意料農民和階級較低的騎士組織起來自行前往耶路撒冷。當時的農夫們在 1096 年之前好幾年便一直為乾旱、饑荒與瘟疫所苦，而有一部份人將十字軍看成是逃離這些災難的途徑。當時從 1095 年起發生的一連串如流星雨、極光、月蝕、彗星等其他事件中的天文異象被他們視作為神的祝福，因而激勵了他們的行動，或因此形成暴動，剛好也在克萊蒙特會議發生了一場。相信世界末日即將到來的千禧年主義在 11 世紀初在歐洲相當流行，讓當時的歐洲人們感受到耶穌將要復甦。大眾的反應是出乎意料的，教皇原本以為只有少數幾千位騎士會響應他的號召，但最後卻形成了多為未經訓練之戰士的四萬名十字軍，在這之中甚至還有婦女與小孩。
qas: question: zh_tw: 對於遭受饑荒和乾旱的普通人群來說，出路是什麼？
en: What was the way out for the general population suffering from famine and drought?
answers: zh_tw: text: 將十字軍看成是逃離這些災難的途徑

question: zh_tw: 教皇計劃什麼時候讓十字軍出征？
en: When was the crusade planned to leave?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1096 年 8 月 15 日

context: zh_tw: 因為只騎著一匹驢子和穿著簡陋的衣服而出名的「亞眠的隱士彼得」（Peter the Hermit of Amiens）是位天主教僧侶暨有力的演說家，也是這場行動的精神領袖。他積極在法國北部與法蘭德斯地區宣揚十字軍，宣稱自己是受到基督的指引（並有一封神聖的信來證明），而有一些他的追隨者認為是他才是真正提出組織十字軍這個想法的人。一般相信彼得的軍隊是由一群未受教育、不適任的農夫所組成，他們根本不清楚自己要去的地方，並把路上遇見的每個大小不一的城市當成是耶路撒冷，不過這種情形應該只出現在一部分人身上，因為前往耶路撒冷朝聖的傳統已經行之有年，所以歐洲人應該是對該城的位置與距離有一定的認知。然而他們大多未受戰鬥訓練，所以是由一些受過訓練的騎士來領導他們，例如像是之後成為編年史作家的「沙特爾的弗切爾」（Fulcher of Chartres）與沃爾特・桑薩瓦爾（或稱「貧窮的沃爾特（Walter the Penniless）」，雖然他沒有采邑與下屬，但仍有戰爭的經驗）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 他認為自己被誰任命？
en: He believed himself to be appointed by who?
answers: zh_tw: text: 基督

context: zh_tw: 在澤蒙，由於十字軍們看見沃爾特 16 名部下的武裝被掛在牆上而起了疑心，最後這份懷疑因為在市場上的鞋價爭執而被引爆成一場暴動，進而變成十字軍對該城的全面攻擊（可能是在違背隱士彼得意思的情況下的行動），造成了 4000 名匈牙利人喪生。後來十字軍在與貝爾格勒駐軍發生衝突後渡過薩瓦河抵達貝爾格勒，該城居民因而逃竄，十字軍則將該城洗劫一空後燒了貝爾格勒。之後經過 7 天的行軍，他們在 7 月 3 日抵達尼什。在那裡，尼什的指揮官承諾如果他們能立刻離開的話，他會派人護衛彼得的軍隊前往君士坦丁堡並提供食物。彼得接受了這份提議，並在隔天早上起兵離開。然而，軍隊中的一些日耳曼士兵與與路上的當地居民起了爭執而放火燒了磨坊，事態逐漸超出彼得的控制直到尼什派出所有駐軍對付他們。而當十字軍恢復控制繼續上路時，這支軍隊已經損失了四分之一的兵力（約 10000 人），而其殘兵在重新集結後往貝拉－帕蘭卡前進。當他們在 7 月 12 日抵達索菲亞後，他們遇見了拜占庭的護衛隊，安全地將他們在 8 月 1 號帶到君士坦丁堡。
qas: question: zh_tw: 尼什的指揮官承諾如果他們能立刻離開的話，他會派人護衛彼得的軍隊前往哪裡？
en: Where did the commander say he would provide escort to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 君士坦丁堡

question: zh_tw: 十字軍在面對尼什的軍隊時損失了多少士兵？
en: How many soldiers did the crusaders lose when facing  Niš's army?
answers: zh_tw: text: 10000 人

context: zh_tw: 在平民十字軍主力的營地中，有兩名土耳其間諜散播謠言說攻下瑟利格登的日耳曼軍已經又攻下了尼西亞，使得他們興奮地要趕過去分一杯羹。然而，土耳其人早已埋伏在前往尼西亞的路上。而當他們得知發生在瑟利格登的真相後，他們立刻從興奮狀態陷入驚恐之中。隱士彼得遂返回君士坦丁堡安排援助，而大多數的領袖主張要等候他返回（但他卻從未返回）。然而，受到大眾支援的喬弗利・布耶爾主張等候援軍是懦弱的行為，他們應該立刻去對抗土耳其人。最後喬弗利的主張勝出，並在 10 月 21 日上午動員全部兩萬兵力前往尼西亞，只留下老弱婦孺在營地。
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰去了君士坦丁堡後再也沒有回來？
en: Who never returned after going to Constantinople?
answers: zh_tw: text: 隱士彼得
芒斯・塞默洛
Måns Zelmerlöw

context: zh_tw: 塞默洛本人熱愛足球、網球和高爾夫。2008 年到 2011 年期間，他曾與瑞典歌手和模特兒瑪麗・塞內霍爾特有過一段戀情。2004 年 12 月 26 日，塞默洛和家人在泰國度假時曾遭遇印度洋地震和海嘯，而全家人都倖免於難。2014 年 3 月，塞默洛在出席一個瑞典烹飪節目時稱同性戀對他來說是 “不正常的”（avvikelse），引發爭議。之後他多次向公眾道歉，表示自己的言論有誤，是溝通上的誤會。瑞典的 LGBT 群體也認為他參加過眾多 LGBT 平權活動，本身並非恐同人士，類似言論僅僅是誤會所致。之後他表示自己並不排斥與另一位男性交往。在獲得歐洲歌唱大賽冠軍之後，塞默洛也在獲獎感言中表示：“無論我們與誰相愛，無論我們是誰，無論我們有怎樣的信仰，我們都是英雄。”
en: Zelmerlöw has one younger sister, Fanny (b. 1989). He most enjoys padel, football, tennis and golf.On 26 December 2004, Zelmerlöw and his family survived the Indian Ocean earthquake  while on vacation in Khao Lak, Thailand.In March 2014, while a guest on Swedish cooking show Pluras kök, Zelmerlöw commented that he considered homosexuality an avvikelse (English: deviation). On the show, he said he did not think there was anything wrong with homosexuality, but that it is not natural biologically, since it does not lead to reproduction. He later apologised repeatedly for his remarks, claiming that they were a miscommunication. After his Melodifestivalen win a year later, the incident came under international media scrutiny, prompting members of gay, Swedish and Eurovision media to come to Zelmerlöw's defence. He later said that "if I got that feeling" he would date a man.Between 2008 and 2011, he was in a relationship with the Swedish singer and model Marie Serneholt, a former member of the Swedish pop band A-Teens. In 2016, Zelmerlöw began dating English actress Ciara Janson and they later announced their engagement. In December 2017, Zelmerlöw announced that they were expecting a child together. A few weeks later, he confirmed that the child would be a baby boy. The couple live in London. On 25 May 2018 he announced via social media that Ciara had given birth to their son, Albert.
qas: question: zh_tw: 塞默洛在什麼時候的地震中倖免遇難？
en: When did Zelmerlow survive the earthquake?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2004 年 12 月 26 日
en: text: 26 December 2004
扭轉奇蹟
The Family Man

context: zh_tw: 這是一個聖誕夜，傑克在便利商店遇上兌獎被拒的遊民，他的好心腸引發了件不可思議的奇遇。因為傑克醒來後發現自己不在豪宅，而是置身在郊區的小屋裡，身旁的妻子竟然是凱特，同時他是兩個孩子的爸，還有一隻狗。傑克慌張的回到紐約豪宅，但公寓警衛和鄰居都不認識他；公司的保全也不讓他入內，自己簡直就像個神經病。最後只好回「家」，身不由己的參加聚會。雖然無奈，但還是慢慢習慣了溜狗、換尿布。安妮瞧出了端倪，以為傑克是外星人派來的，兩人似乎也達成了某方面的共識。
en: On Christmas Day, Jack wakes up in a suburban New Jersey bedroom with Kate and two children. He rushes out to his condo and office in New York, but both doormen refuse him entrance and do not recognize him. Jack runs out into the street and encounters Cash driving Jack's Ferrari. Although Cash offers to explain what is happening, all he says is  a vague reference to "The Organization" and that Jack is getting "a glimpse" which will help him to figure out for himself what it's about.
qas: question: zh_tw: 傑克和凱特有幾個孩子？
en: How many children do Jack and Kate have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 兩個
en: text: two
Modernizr
Modernizr

context: zh_tw: 許多 HTML5 與 CSS 3 的功能已經在許多主流的瀏覽器中實作出來。Modernizr 能夠告訴開發者，瀏覽器是否已經實作他們想要的功能。這讓開發者在瀏覽器上可以充分利用這些新功能，或者嘗試製作解決方案來支援那些老舊的瀏覽器。
en: Many HTML5 and CSS 3 features are already implemented in at least one major browser.  Modernizr determines whether the user's browser has implemented a given feature. This lets developers take advantage of new features that browsers support, yet create fallbacks for browsers that lack support. In both 2010 and 2011, Modernizr won the .net Award for Open Source App of the Year, and in 2011 one of its lead developers, Paul Irish, won the Developer of the Year award.
qas: question: zh_tw: 支援網頁瀏覽器的程式語言是哪一種？
en: What is one type of programming language that is supported in a web browser?
answers: zh_tw: text: HTML5
en: text: HTML5
布萊恩・柯林漢
Brian Kernighan

context: zh_tw: 與丹尼斯・裡奇共同寫作了 C 語言的第一本著作《C 程式設計語言》之後，他的名字開始為人所熟知。他也創作了許多 Unix 上的程式，包括在 Version 7 Unix 上的 ditroff 與 cron。
en: Kernighan's name became widely known through co-authorship of the first book on the C programming language with Dennis Ritchie. Kernighan affirmed that he had no part in the design of the C language ("it's entirely Dennis Ritchie's work"). He authored many Unix programs, including ditroff.
qas: question: zh_tw: Kernighan 編寫了什麼？
en: What is a name of something Kernighan authored?
answers: zh_tw: text: ditroff
en: text: ditroff
埃及廣場
The Square (2013 film)

context: zh_tw: 影片於 2013 年 1 月 18 日在聖丹斯電影節上首映，並獲得 “世界紀錄單元” 觀眾獎。由於埃及國內形勢的變化，導演後來又將片尾結局做了一些變更，結尾發展至 2013 年夏。本片隨後也獲得多倫多影展 “紀錄片單元” 的 “人民選擇獎”。片中人物說的是阿拉伯語，顯示的字幕為英語。
en: The Square premiered on January 17, 2013 at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Audience Award for World Cinema in the documentary category. It was pitched as part of the 2012 MeetMarket at that years Sheffield Doc/Fest. Due to the ongoing nature of the Egyptian Revolution, Noujaim updated the ending of the film over the summer of 2013. The film was subsequently also named winner of the Kalba People's Choice Award in the documentary category at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival. The production is done in the native languages of its cast, and is presented with English subtitles.
qas: question: zh_tw: 《方形》獲得了什麼獎項？
en: What award did The Square win?
answers: zh_tw: text: “世界紀錄單元” 觀眾獎
en: text: the Audience Award for World Cinema
塔圖爾・克爾佩揚
Tatul Krpeyan

context: zh_tw: 1990 年 9 月至 1991 年 5 月間 Tatul 在 Getashen-Martunashen 地區領導了反抗亞塞拜然 武裝佼略的自衛運動。1991 年 4 月 30 日在 Operation Ring 運動期間遇害。死後於 1996 年被 授予亞美尼亞最高榮譽一 “國民英雄” 的光榮稱號：Tatul 被安葬于山生地 Areg, 此地後 來被更名為 Tatul。Tatul 的紀念碑由艿名雕刻家 Tariel Hakobian 創作完成。
en: He headed the self-defense of the sub-district Getashen-Martunashen from September 1990 until May 1991 against Azerbaijani armed forces units and police detachments (OMON). Krpeyan was killed on 30 April 1991 in Getashen during the Operation Ring. He received the highest title in Armenia, the National Hero of Armenia award in 1996. He was buried in Areg, which has been renamed after the hero – Tatul. A tuffaceous monument has been erected in memory of Tatul. The sculptor of the monument is Tariel Hakobian.
qas: question: zh_tw: 紀念碑的創造者姓什麼？
en: What is the last name of the creator of the monument?
answers: zh_tw: text: Hakobian
en: text: Hakobian

question: zh_tw: 克貝嚴什麼時候去世的？
en: When did Krpeyan die?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1991 年 4 月 30 日
en: text: 30 April 1991
西蒙・彼得留拉
Symon Petliura

context: zh_tw: 西蒙・瓦西裡耶維奇・彼得留拉（英語：Symon Vasylyovych Petliura，烏克蘭語：Си́мон Васи́льович Петлю́ра，俄語：Симо́н Васи́льевич Петлю́ра; 1879 年 5 月 10 日－1926 年 5 月 25 日），烏克蘭政治、軍事人物，烏克蘭民族主義者。十月革命之後，組織烏克蘭人民共和國軍隊與蘇聯紅軍、白軍作戰，試圖維持烏克蘭獨立自主。1920 年 4 月波蘇戰爭期間，彼得留拉代表烏克蘭人民共和國與波蘭第二共和國領導人約瑟夫・畢蘇斯基簽訂《華沙條約》，彼得留拉以利沃夫為交換，與波蘭結盟共同對抗布林什維克政權。最終失敗，後流亡歐洲。1926 年 5 月 25 日，在法國巴黎被暗殺身亡。
en: (Ukrainian: Си́мон Васи́льович Петлю́ра; May 10, 1879 – May 25, 1926) was a Ukrainian politician and journalist. He became the Supreme Commander of the Ukrainian Army and the President of the Ukrainian People's Republic during Ukraine's short-lived sovereignty in 1918–1921, leading Ukraine's struggle for independence following the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917.
qas: question: zh_tw: Васи́льевич在哪一年去世？
en: What year did Васи́льович die?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1926
en: text: 1926
喬瓦尼・格隆基
Giovanni Gronchi

context: zh_tw: 格隆基出生在托斯卡納比薩省蓬泰代拉 (Pontedera)，1902 年天主教牧師羅慕洛・穆裡 (don Romolo Murri) 建立的天主教運動，他是早期成員。在比薩大學 (Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa) 獲得文學和哲學學位。1911 年至 1915 年，他在幾個義大利城鎮 (帕爾馬、馬薩迪卡拉拉、貝加莫和蒙扎) 當過高中教師。
en: He was born at Pontedera, Tuscany, and was an early member of the Christian Movement founded by the Catholic priest don Romolo Murri in 1902.  He obtained his first degree in literature and philosophy at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Between 1911 and 1915 he then worked as a high-school teacher of classics in several Italian towns (Parma, Massa di Carrara, Bergamo and Monza).
qas: question: zh_tw: 他在哪裡出生的？
en: where was he born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 托斯卡納比薩省蓬泰代拉
en: text: Pontedera, Tuscany

context: zh_tw: 1955 年 4 月 29 日，格隆基以 883 票對 658 票，當選義大利第三任總統。1962 年，他試圖連任，但沒有成功。根據義大利憲法，他成為終身參議員。他 1978 年 10 月 17 日於羅馬去世，享年 91 歲。
en: The unhappy Tambroni experiment tarnished Gronchi’s reputation for good, and until the end of his period of office he remained a lame-duck President. In 1962 he attempted to get a second mandate, with the powerful help of Enrico Mattei, but the attempt failed and Antonio Segni was elected instead. As he ceased to be Head of State, he became a life senator by right, according to the Italian Constitution. He died in Rome on 17 October 1978 at the age of 91.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他死在哪裡
en: Where did he die?
answers: zh_tw: text: 羅馬
en: text: Rome
董里府
Trang Province

context: zh_tw: 本府行政上被劃分為九個縣（ampoe）及一個支縣（king ampoe），又進一步被劃分為 87 個區（tambon）及 697 個村（muban）。
en: Trang is divided into 10 districts (amphoes). These are further subdivided into 87 sub-districts (tambons) and 697 villages (mubans).
qas: question: zh_tw: 董裡莊下面有 10 個區，每個區又進一步被劃分為多少個附屬區？
en: The village of Trang has 10 districts that are subdivided into how many sub-districts?
answers: zh_tw: text: ampoe），又進一步被劃分為 87 個區（tambon）及 697
en: text: 87
昔班王朝
Shaybanids

context: zh_tw: 另一個由昔班家族統治的國家是西伯利亞汗國，在 1563 年佔領王位。它的最後一個汗庫楚汗，在 1598 年被俄羅斯人放逐。他逃到布哈拉，但他的兒子和孫子被沙皇帶到莫斯科， 在那裡他們最終取了西比爾斯基姓。除了這個著名的分支，來自吉爾吉斯斯坦和哈薩克的幾個其他貴族（例如，喬罕・瓦里漢諾夫王子）請求俄羅斯帝國當局承認他們的昔班家族起源，但大多是徒勞的。
en: Another state ruled by the Shaybanids was the Khanate of Sibir, seizing the throne in 1563. Its last khan, Kuchum, was deposed by the Russians in 1598. He escaped to Bukhara, but his sons and grandsons were taken by the Tsar to Moscow, where they eventually assumed the surname of Sibirsky. Apart from this famous branch, several other noble families from Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan (e.g., Princes Valikhanov) petitioned the Russian imperial authorities to recognise their Shaybanid roots, but mostly in vain.
qas: question: zh_tw: 庫楚經歷了什麼？
en: What happened to Kuchum?
answers: zh_tw: text: 他逃到布哈拉，但他的兒子和孫子被沙皇帶到莫斯科，
en: text: He escaped to Bukhara
健康主義
Healthism

context: zh_tw: 健康主義是近年來歐美創出的新詞，表示各種關於衛生、健康、與醫療的意識形態建構。日文稱「健康至上主義」。
en: Healthism, sometimes called public-healthism, is a neologism to describe a variety of ideological constructs concerning health and medicine. The term "healthism" was most likely first used by the political economist Robert Crawford, whose article "Healthism and the medicalization of everyday life" was published in 1980. In this article Crawford describes how the new political ideology, which emerged in the US during the 1970s, "[situated] the problem of health and disease at the level of the individual." The term is also known for its use in the 1994 book The Death of Humane Medicine and the Rise of Coercive Healthism by Petr Skrabanek. Skrabanek's use of "healthism", and most subsequent uses, are pejorative in intent. However, there is also a growing movement in the 21st century which see healthism as a positive empowering phenomenon which is not inherently coercive. This is exemplified through its popular uptake in the form of preventive medicine, yoga, meditation, fitness regimes, diets and the emphasis on lifestyle changes in Western society.
qas: question: zh_tw: 羅伯特克勞福德被認為首先使用了什麼術語？
en: Robert Crawford is believed to have first used what term?
answers: zh_tw: text: 健康主義
en: text: Healthism
鋇
Barium

context: zh_tw: 由於金屬鋇的高反應性，其毒理性資料僅適用於其化合物。水溶性的鋇化合物有毒。低劑量下的鋇離子可以作為肌肉興奮劑，而較高劑量下鋇離子則會影響神經系統，導致心率不整、發抖、虛弱、焦慮、呼吸困難甚至癱瘓。這種毒性可能來源於鋇離子阻斷了對神經系統至關重要的鉀離子通道。水溶性的鋇化合物（鋇離子）還可以導致其他器官即眼睛、免疫系統、心臟、呼吸系統和皮膚受到損害，如失明或致敏。鋇元素不會致癌，也不會生物累積。 含有不溶性鋇化合物的吸入粉塵在肺部積聚，會導致稱為鋇塵肺的良性病症。硫酸鋇不溶於水，因此使是無毒的，在交通運輸中不屬於危險品。為避免可能發生劇烈的化學反應，金屬鋇通常保存於氬氣氛中或礦物油下。與空氣直接接觸可能導致自燃。儲存時應避免受潮、摩擦、受熱、火花、火焰、衝擊、靜電以及與氧化劑或酸接觸。任何可能與鋇直接接觸的物體都應該先接地處理。使用金屬鋇的人員應該穿著預先清潔過的無火花鞋、防火橡膠衣服、橡膠手套、圍裙、護目鏡和防毒面具。禁止在工作場所吸菸。操作後需要進行徹底清洗。
en: Because of the high reactivity of the metal, toxicological data are available only for compounds. Soluble barium compounds are poisonous. In low doses, barium ions act as a muscle stimulant, and higher doses affect the nervous system, causing cardiac irregularities, tremors, weakness, anxiety, shortness of breath, and paralysis. This toxicity may be caused by Ba2+ blocking potassium ion channels, which are critical to the proper function of the nervous system. Other organs damaged by water-soluble barium compounds (i.e., barium ions) are the eyes, immune system, heart, respiratory system, and skin causing, for example, blindness and sensitization.Barium is not carcinogenic and does not bioaccumulate. Inhaled dust containing insoluble barium compounds can accumulate in the lungs, causing a benign condition called baritosis. The insoluble sulfate is nontoxic and is not classified as a dangerous goods in transport regulations.To avoid a potentially vigorous chemical reaction, barium metal is kept in an argon atmosphere or under mineral oils. Contact with air is dangerous and may cause ignition. Moisture, friction, heat, sparks, flames, shocks, static electricity, and exposure to oxidizers and acids should be avoided. Anything that may contact with barium should be electrically grounded. Anyone who works with the metal should wear pre-cleaned non-sparking shoes, flame-resistant rubber clothes, rubber gloves, apron, goggles, and a gas mask. Smoking in the working area is forbidden. Thorough washing is required after handling barium.
qas: question: zh_tw: 高劑量鋇離子會有哪種症狀？
en: What is one symptom of a high dose of barium?
answers: zh_tw: text: 發抖
en: text: tremors
動物審判
Animal trial

context: zh_tw: 約翰尼斯・格羅斯（Johannis Gross）在 1624 年寫的《巴塞爾簡志》（Kurze Basler Chronik）一書中，提及了在 1474 年時，一隻公雞因「罪大惡極且不自然地產下一顆卵」而被送審，鎮民認為那顆蛋是撒但的傑作，並認為那蛋孵育了一隻雞蛇。然公雞是否真的能產卵依舊是值得商榷的。
en: According to Johannis Gross in Kurze Basler Chronik (1624), in 1474 a rooster was put on trial in the city of Basel for "the heinous and unnatural crime of laying an egg", which the townspeople were concerned was spawned by Satan and contained a cockatrice.
qas: question: zh_tw: 市民相信公雞是從哪裡來的？
en: Where did the townspeople believe the rooster came from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 鎮民認為那顆蛋是撒但的傑作
en: text: Satan
國際人類基因組單體型圖計劃
International HapMap Project

context: zh_tw: 國際人類基因組單體型圖計劃是由多個國家（加拿大、中國、日本、奈及利亞、英國和美國）聯合進行的專案，在學術中心，非營利性的生物醫學研究團體和私人公司的研究人員之間的合作。利用 HapMap 資料庫，研究人員透過比較不同個體的基因組序列來確定染色體上共有的變異區域。這將能夠發現與人類健康、疾病以及對藥物和環境因子的個體反應差異相關的基因。它於在 2002 年 10 月 27 日 - 29 日的一次會議正式開工，並預計需要三年左右的時間。它包括三個階段：第一階段獲得完整的資料被髮表於 2005 年 10 月 27 日。第二階段的資料集的分析在刊登在 2007 年 10 月。第三階段資料集在 2009 年春季釋出。
en: The International HapMap Project is a collaboration among researchers at academic centers, non-profit biomedical research groups and private companies in Canada, China, Japan, Nigeria, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It officially started with a meeting on October 27 to 29, 2002, and was expected to take about three years. It comprises two phases; the complete data obtained in Phase I were published on 27 October 2005. The analysis of the Phase II dataset was published in October 2007.  The Phase III dataset was released in spring 2009.
qas: question: zh_tw: 國際人類基因組單體型圖計劃在何時發表？
en: When was International HapMap project publish?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2005 年 10 月 27 日
en: text: 27 October 2005
蘇・加德納
Sue Gardner

context: zh_tw: 加德納在加拿大安大略省霍普港成長，父親既是聖公會的牧師、也是學校校長。她在懷雅遜大學完成新聞學本科課程，獲頒新聞學學士學位。
en: Gardner was born in Barbados.  She grew up in Port Hope, Ontario, Canada, the daughter of an Anglican priest and a school principal. She received a degree in journalism from Ryerson University.
qas: question: zh_tw: 她的父親是那型別的牧師？
en: What sort of priest was her father?
answers: zh_tw: text: 聖公會
en: text: Anglican
聖路易斯華盛頓大學
Washington University in St. Louis

context: zh_tw: 聖路易斯華盛頓大學（英語：Washington University in St. Louis）是美國密蘇里州聖路易斯市和聖路易斯縣的一所私立研究型大學。在學術排名中，聖路易斯華盛頓大學長年一直在美國新聞與世界報道美國國內大學排名中位於全美前 20；在全球排名中，2018 世界大學學術排名將聖路易斯華盛頓大學列為全球第 20 名，US NEWS 將聖路易斯華盛頓大學列為全球第 32 名。截止 2017 年，聖路易斯華盛頓大學共有 24 位校友及教職工獲得諾貝爾獎。體育方面，聖路易斯華盛頓大學是大學運動聯盟（UAA）的成員學校之一。
en: Washington University in St. Louis (WashU, or WUSTL) is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. As of 2017, 24 Nobel laureates in economics, physiology and medicine, chemistry, and physics have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university.Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields. To prevent confusion over its location, the Board of Trustees added the phrase "in St. Louis" in 1976.
qas: question: zh_tw: 聖路易斯華盛頓大學位於哪裡？
en: Where is Washington University in St Louis located?
answers: zh_tw: text: 密蘇里州
en: text: Missouri
春武裡足球俱樂部
Chonburi F.C.

context: zh_tw: 春武裡足球俱樂部（泰語：สโมสรฟุตบอลชลบุรี）是一家泰國職業足球俱樂部，位於春武里府春武裡市。春武裡足球俱樂部成立於 1997 年，現在為泰國足球超級聯賽球隊。主要競爭對手是同城的芭堤雅聯和斯里拉查兩支球隊。春武裡足球俱樂部綽號為鯊魚，球隊徽章上亦有鯊魚的圖案。
en: Chonburi Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลชลบุรี) is a Thai professional football club based in the city of Chonburi, Chonburi Province and playing in the top division in Thai football, the Thai League 1. The team lifted the league title in 2007 which became the most successful season in their history.Chonburi were founded in 1997 and their main rivals are Sriracha who are also based in Chonburi Province. The team is widely known by their nickname The Sharks which can be seen in the club logo.
qas: question: zh_tw: 春布里足球俱樂部也叫什麼？
en: The Chonburi Football Club are also called what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 鯊魚
en: text: The Sharks
維利卜
Willy Puchner

context: zh_tw: 雙親皆是攝影師。1967 年至 1974 年就讀於維也納藝術學院（Höhere Graphische Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt ），主修攝影。於維也納藝術學院畢業之後，在該校任教兩年。1983 年至 1988 年間，進入維也納大學就讀哲學、新聞學、歷史學和社會學。1988 年自攝影系畢業，其畢業論文題目為《私人攝影》。1989 年開始和《維也納日報》有經常性的合作。
en: After graduation in 1974, he taught photography there for two years.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他教了攝影多少年？
en: How many years did he teach about photo taking?
answers: zh_tw: text: 兩年
en: text: two

context: zh_tw: 他的成名作品為《企鵝的渴望》（Die Sehnsucht der Pinguine）。名藝術批評家弗列迪・朗格（Freddy Langer）於 2001 年 3 月 8 日的法蘭克福日報中提到，此作品可以說是二十世紀最好的旅遊相簿。為了《企鵝的渴望》，維利卜花了四年的時間去沙漠、紐約、悉尼、北京、巴黎、威尼斯、東京與開羅等地拍攝，他將兩隻名叫喬（Joe）與莎莉（Sally）的塑膠企鵝放在著名的觀光景點中，並將企鵝打扮得像遊客一樣；在他的拍攝下，這些大家熟到不能熟的景點，被拍得生動有趣，充滿新奇與趣味。
en: Willy Puchner became famous with his project "Penguins - Traveling the World". For four years he traveled with his penguins Joe and Sally to the sites of his and our yearning: to the sea and into the desert, to New York, Sydney and Paris, Venice, Tokyo, Honolulu, Rome and Cairo, in order to capture them in photos. There they are now connected forever, lost forever. Before the penguins’ eyes the apparently familiar having been illustrated thousands of times, becomes different and new again.
qas: question: zh_tw: 企鵝的名字是什麼？
en: What were the penguins names?
answers: zh_tw: text: 為了《企鵝的渴望》，維利卜花了四年的時間去沙漠、紐約、悉尼、北京、巴黎、威尼斯、東京與開羅等地拍攝，他將兩隻名叫喬（Joe）與莎莉（Sally）的塑膠企鵝放在著名的觀光景點中，並將企鵝打扮得像遊客一樣；在他的拍攝下，這些大家熟到不能熟的景點
en: text: Joe and Sally

context: zh_tw: 另外，他還有許多創作作品以老人為攝影主題，如∶《九十年的歲月》、《與老人對話》、《100 年的歲月》、《生活經歷照》與《老者的愛情》等都十分值得一看。
en: Willy Puchner likes to work with old people, creating the projects "Die 90-jährigen" (At the Age of 90), "Dialog mit dem Alter" (Dialogue with the High Age), "Die 100-jährigen" (At the Age of 100), "Lebensgeschichte und Fotografie" (Oral History and Photography) and "Liebe im Alter" (Love at High Age).
qas: question: zh_tw: Die 90-jahrigen 是什麼意思？
en: What does Die 90-jahrigen mean?
answers: zh_tw: text: 九十年的歲月
en: text: At the Age of 90
哈特姆・查比斯
Hatem Trabelsi

context: zh_tw: 截至 2006 年 12 月，查比斯多數以中場身份代表曼城上陣。雖然，他在對曼聯的曼徹斯特打吡戰中以左腳射破對方門將埃德文・雲達沙的十指關而攻入其首球，不過球隊仍然以 1-3 的比分不敵對手。查比斯的位置卻逐漸被米卡・李察士和內姆・奧奴夏所取代。他自 3 月以 1-0 的比分擊敗紐卡素的賽事後便再沒有上陣過一場賽事，最終他在球季結束後被曼城放棄。
en: In 2006 Trabelsi was linked with moves to several English clubs, and joined Manchester City on a free transfer on 10 August. Injury and work permit problems prevented him from making his debut until a month into the season, a substitute appearance against Reading on 11 September.He scored his first Manchester City goal against Manchester United with a left foot shot to beat Edwin van der Sar. Manchester City still lost the game 3–1. Trabelsi lost his right-back place in the side to Micah Richards and Nedum Onuoha. Trabelsi did not play a game after City's 1–0 win at Newcastle United in March, and he was released at the end of the season.
qas: question: zh_tw: Trabelsi 的位置讓給了誰？
en: Who did Trabelsi lose his position to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 米卡・李察士和內姆・奧奴夏
en: text: Micah Richards and Nedum Onuoha

context: zh_tw: 1998 年 5 月，他在 1998 年世界盃前夕首次代表突尼西亞上陣。他代表突尼西亞隊出戰了 2002 年世界盃、2006 年世界盃和 2004 年非洲國家杯的全部賽事，並協助突尼西亞隊贏得其中的非洲國家杯。隨著突尼西亞隊在 2006 年世界盃以 0-1 的比分敗給烏克蘭後，當時 29 歲的查比斯宣佈退出國家隊，他總共代表突尼西亞隊上陣了 61 場及攻入 1 球 。
en: Trabelsi made his international debut in May 1998, shortly before the 1998 World Cup. He also played in all of Tunisia's matches in the 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2006 FIFA World Cups, as well as the 2004 African Nations Cup, which Tunisia won. Following Tunisia's elimination from the 2006 World Cup after a 1–0 defeat to Ukraine, Trabelsi announced his retirement from international football at the age of 29, with 61 caps and one goal. He scored his only goal for the national team in 2006 in a friendly match against Ghana.
qas: question: zh_tw: 查比斯 2006 年退役的時候多大？
en: How old was Trabelsi when he retired in 2006?
answers: zh_tw: text: 隨著突尼西亞隊在 2006 年世界盃以 0-1 的比分敗給烏克蘭後，當時 29 歲的查比斯宣佈退出國家隊，他總共代表突尼西亞隊上陣了 61 場及攻入 1 球
en: text: 29
吡啶
Pyridine

context: zh_tw: 吡啶有毒，透過吸入、攝取或皮膚接觸進入體內。吡啶中毒急性的影響包括頭暈，頭痛，缺乏協調，噁心，流涎，食慾不振，可能發展成腹痛，肺淤血，神志不清。人體的最低致死量（LDLO）為 500 mg・kg−1。口服半數致死量（LD50）為 891 mg・kg−1。高劑量的吡啶具有麻醉作用，其蒸氣濃度超過 3600​​ ppm 將對健康構成威脅。吡啶也可能有輕微的神經毒性，遺傳毒性和誘導染色體斷裂的影響。
en: Pyridine is harmful if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin. Effects of acute pyridine intoxication include dizziness, headache, lack of coordination, nausea, salivation, and loss of appetite. They may progress into abdominal pain, pulmonary congestion and unconsciousness. One person died after accidental ingestion of half a cup of pyridine. The lowest known lethal dose (LDLo) for the ingestion of pyridine in humans is 500 mg·kg−1. In high doses, pyridine has a narcotic effect and its vapor concentrations of above 3600 ppm pose a health risk. The oral LD50 in rats is 891 mg·kg−1. Pyridine is flammable.
qas: question: zh_tw: 人類服用吡啶的最小致死量是多少？
en: What is the minimum a human could take of pyridine for it to still kill?
answers: zh_tw: text: 500 mg·kg−1
en: text: 500 mg·kg−1

question: zh_tw: 失去什麼可能是急性效應的表現？
en: Loss of what can be an acute effect?
answers: zh_tw: text: 食慾
en: text: appetite
夏爾・羅貝爾・裡歇
Charles Richet

context: zh_tw: 1913 年，裡歇因為對於過敏反應的研究，而獲得了諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。這些研究闡明瞭一些疾病的成因與作用，例如過敏性鼻炎、哮喘與其他過敏症狀。1914 年，他成為了法國科學院（Académie des Sciences）的成員。
en: Prof Charles Robert Richet (25 August 1850 – 4 December 1935) was a French physiologist at the Collège de France known for his pioneering work in immunology. In 1913, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis". Richet devoted many years to the study of paranormal and spiritualist phenomena, coining the term "ectoplasm". He also believed in the inferiority of blacks, was a proponent of eugenics and presided over the French Eugenics Society towards the end of his life. The Richet line of professorships of medical science would continue through his son Charles and his grandson Gabriel. Gabriel Richet was one of the great pioneers of European nephrology.
qas: question: zh_tw: 裡歇因為對於什麼的研究，而獲得了諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎？
en: Charles Robert Richet was most recognized for waht in 1913?
answers: zh_tw: text: 對於過敏反應的研究
en: text: his work on anaphylaxis
次生林
Secondary forest

context: zh_tw: 次生林，又名天然次生林、再生林、再生森林、二次林。是指原始穩定的森林植被遭到山火、蟲災、或者人為破壞或砍伐（刀耕火種、林木砍伐）之後，經過若干年後再度自然覆育而成的新的森林植被和生態系統，且具備植被未被破壞前的森林規模。次生態系統多見於刀耕火種的農業系統中的休耕地、人工或者天然林場。次生林是天然林的一種，另一種天然林是原始林。
en: Secondary forestation is common in areas where forests have been lost by the slash-and-burn method, a component of some shifting cultivation systems of agriculture. Secondary forests may also arise from forest that has been harvested heavily or over a long period of time, forest that is naturally regenerating from fire and from abandoned pastures or areas of agriculture.  It takes a secondary forest typically forty to 100 years to begin to resemble the original old-growth forest; however, in some cases a secondary forest will not succeed, due to erosion or soil nutrient loss in certain tropical forests.
qas: question: zh_tw: 由於採用刀耕火種方法造成的造林損失的結果是什麼？
en: What is the result of the loss of forestation due to the slash-and-burn method?
answers: zh_tw: text: 次生林
en: text: Secondary forestation
氣凝膠
Aerogel

context: zh_tw: 氣凝膠是優良的熱絕緣體，氣凝膠幾乎能阻絕由三種傳熱方式（熱傳導、熱對流、熱輻射）中的兩種帶來的熱量轉移。凝膠中空氣的成分比例至少佔 99.8% 以上，而空氣為熱的不良導體，故它們是好的熱傳導隔絕材料 (不過金屬凝膠在作為絕緣體的用途時就不是那麼有效)。例如矽凝膠，由於矽也為熱的不良導體，其隔絕效能又更加良好了。就熱對流的方式而言，因為空氣無法跨越凝膠表面行對流作用，他們也是好的熱對流隔絕材料。一般的氣凝膠對熱輻射不起太大的作用。碳凝膠是好的熱輻射隔絕材料，因為碳元素在標準溫度下能夠吸收熱量轉移時散發的紅外線輻射。亦即，現今性質最好的氣凝膠是摻入部分碳元素的矽凝膠。
en: Aerogels are good thermal insulators because they almost nullify two of the three methods of heat transfer – conduction (they are mostly composed of insulating gas) and convection (the microstructure prevents net gas movement). They are good conductive insulators because they are composed almost entirely of gases, which are very poor heat conductors. (Silica aerogel is an especially good insulator because silica is also a poor conductor of heat; a metallic or carbon aerogel, on the other hand, would be less effective.) They are good convective inhibitors because air cannot circulate through the lattice. Aerogels are poor radiative insulators because infrared radiation (which transfers heat) passes through them.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼樣的氣凝膠用作絕緣體效果不如二氧化矽？
en: What types of aerogel are less effective than silica as insulators?
answers: zh_tw: text: 金屬
en: text: metallic or carbon
艾華拿度
Everaldo

context: zh_tw: 埃維拉爾多・馬奎斯・達席爾瓦（葡萄牙語：Everaldo Marques da Silva，1944 年 9 月 11 日－1974 年 10 月 28 日），簡稱埃維拉爾多（Everaldo），巴西足球運動員。司職後衛，為格雷米奧名將及曾代表巴西國家隊，曾贏得 1970 年世界盃。掛靴後從政，卻因車禍逝世。
en: Everaldo Marques da Silva, nicknamed Everaldo, (September 11, 1944 in Porto Alegre – October 28, 1974 in Santa Cruz do Sul) was a football (soccer) player from Brazil. He was defender with Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense and with the Brazilian national team. He won the 1970 FIFA World Cup. The golden star in Gremio's flag was added in 1970 in his homage. He died as a result of a car crash in Santa Cruz do Sul. He is regarded as one of the finest left-backs of all time.
qas: question: zh_tw: 席爾瓦是哪年出生的？
en: What year was Silva born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1944 年
en: text: 1944
白神山地
Shirakami-Sanchi

context: zh_tw: 以號稱有四百年樹齡的巨大山毛櫸為象徵的一片保護林。長滿青苔的大小巨巖與樹林相映成趣。遊覽道路以及廁所完備。還設有巨大的停車場，但是，這一系列的開發活動最近被指出對森林造成了破壞。另外在嶽岱風景林附近有田苗代溼原，可以觀賞到多種高山植物。
en: Shirakami-dake is the highest peak in Shirakami-Sanchi. It is 1,232 m (4,042 ft) in height. The peak itself is not a part of the World Heritage Site and, as such, permission is not necessary to climb. The summit is equipped with toilet and shelter facilities.
qas: question: zh_tw: 山頂上有什麼設施？
en: what kinds of facilities can be found on the summit?
answers: zh_tw: text: 廁所
en: text: toilet and shelter
康拉德・阿登納

context: zh_tw: 1876 年 1 月 5 日，康拉德・艾德諾出生於萊茵普魯士科隆。他是 Johann Konrad Adenauer (1833–1906) 和他的妻子 Helene (née Scharfenberg; 1849–1919) 五個孩子中的第三位。  他的兄弟姊妹有 August (1872–1952)、Johannes (1873–1937)、Lilli (1879–1950) 和 Elisabeth，Elisabeth 在 1880 年出生後不久死亡。對青年時期的艾德諾影響深遠的是「文化鬥爭」, 這與他父母有關的經歷讓他終生厭惡「普魯士主義」，並使他像十九世紀的許多其他萊茵蘭天主教徒一樣深深地恨萊茵蘭被列入普魯士。1894 年，他開始在弗萊堡大學，慕尼黑大學和波恩大學學習法律和政治。1896 年 20 歲時，他被徵入了德國軍隊，但由於他從小經歷過的慢性呼吸問題沒有透過體格檢查。他在波恩是 K.St.V. Arminia Bonn 之下的幾個羅馬天主教學生協會的成員。他於 1900 年畢業， 之後在科隆的法庭擔任律師。據他所認識和結識的法國著名草藥家 Maurice Mességué 表示，他對草藥的使用非常感興趣。艾德諾將晚年的健康狀況歸功於晚上攝入大麥水，還有玉米柱頭、錦葵、鼠尾草和黃玫瑰，他用來治療咳嗽。根據 Mességué 的說法，這些是他最喜歡的藥用植物，雖然他對各種植物有廣泛的知識。他同意 Mességué 的觀點，即植物必須沒被噴灑，也不能人為過度生長。他告訴 Mességué，他將自己的健康歸功於「植物、自然」。
qas: question: zh_tw: 他是哪個宗教學生協會的一員？
en: Which religious student organizations was he a part of?
answers: zh_tw: text: Bonn 之下的幾個羅馬天主教學生協會的成員。

context: zh_tw: 作為虔誠的天主教徒，艾德諾於 1906 年加入天主教保守政黨中央黨，3 月獲得中央黨提名成為科隆市議員，同年父親逝世。1909 年 10 月，艾德諾被中央黨提名當選成為科隆市第一議員暨副市長，一個人口數為 635,000 的工業大都市，在 1914 年時。為了避免在他那時代具吸引力的極端政治活動，艾德諾致力於資產階級的禮儀、勤奮、秩序、基督教的道德和價值觀，致力於消除混亂、無效率、非理性和政治上的不道德行為。1917 年 9 月 18 日科隆市議會選舉艾德諾出任一任 12 年的科隆市長，10 月 18 日就職，艾德諾以當時 41 歲年齡成為德國最年輕的市長。之後艾德諾連任。從 1917 年到 1933 年，他出任科隆市市長，並在 1918 年德皇威廉二世徵召艾德諾普魯士貴族院的成員。
qas: question: zh_tw: 他是哪個區域的市長？
en: In which area was he a Mayor of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 科隆
俄羅斯地理學會

context: zh_tw: 俄羅斯地理學會 （Ру́сское географи́ческое о́бщество «РГО»）是俄羅斯的一個地理學的學會，總部位於聖彼得堡。該學會支援探險和地理研究活動，包括海洋學與民族誌方面的研究。學會於 1845 年 8 月 6 日在聖彼得堡成立。在 1917 年俄羅斯革命之前，學會的名稱是俄羅斯帝國地理學會。1926 年，更名為國家地理學會。1938 年，又更名為蘇聯地理學會。1991 年蘇聯解體後恢復為原來的名稱。學會在歷史上多次贊助探險活動。
qas: question: zh_tw: 1845 年成立了什麼學會？
en: what was the society founded in 1845
answers: zh_tw: text: 俄羅斯帝國地理學會

question: zh_tw: 蘇聯在哪年解體？
en: What year was the Soviet Union dissolved?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1991
美國第一夫人列表

context: zh_tw: 截止 2018 年 4 月 18 日，一共有 4 位前第一夫人仍然在世，她們分別是：吉米・卡特的妻子羅莎琳・卡特，比爾・克林頓的妻子希拉里・羅德姆・克林頓，喬治・沃克・布什的妻子勞拉・威爾士・布什和巴拉克・歐巴馬的妻子蜜雪兒・歐巴馬。首任第一夫人是嫁給了喬治・華盛頓的馬莎・華盛頓。約翰・泰勒和伍德羅・威爾遜兩位總統在任期間都曾再娶，所以都有兩任第一夫人。有四位總統的內人在她們的丈夫宣誓就職以前就已經去世，但她們仍然被白宮和國家第一夫人圖書館追認為第一夫人，她們分別是托馬斯・傑斐遜的老婆瑪莎・威爾斯・斯凱爾頓・傑斐遜，安德魯・傑克遜的妻子蕾切爾・傑克遜，馬丁・範布倫的夫人漢娜・範布倫以及切斯特・艾倫・阿瑟的夫人愛倫・劉易絲・赫恩登・亞瑟。詹姆斯・布坎南在任期間由於是一位單身漢，所以第一夫人一職由他的侄女哈麗特・萊恩代替。
qas: question: zh_tw: 約翰・泰勒 (John Tyler) 和伍德羅・威爾遜 (Woodrow Wilson) 有一個共同的事實，將他們與其他總統區分開來，那就是什麼？
en: John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson shared one common fact that seperated them from other presidents, what was it?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在任期間都曾再娶

context: zh_tw: 2007 年，美國鑄幣局開始發行半盎司重（合 14.17 克），價值 10 美元的金幣，其反面會雕刻有第一夫人的肖像。如果一位總統任內沒有配偶，那麼金幣的正面會刻上自由女神像，這樣既描繪了那個時代所流通的貨幣，又象徵了總統生活的主題。托馬斯・傑斐遜、安德魯・傑克遜、馬丁・範布倫和詹姆斯・布坎南的第一夫人金幣都是這樣的，但切斯特・艾倫・阿瑟的的第一夫人金幣則不是這樣，其金幣上刻的是婦女參政權論者艾麗斯・保爾。
qas: question: zh_tw: 切斯特金幣上刻的是誰？
en: Who does the Chester arthur coin feature?
answers: zh_tw: text: 艾麗斯・保爾

question: zh_tw: 發行金幣的總統沒有什麼？
en: what did a president that was issued a gold coin not have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 配偶
澤基・瓦利迪・託甘
Zeki Velidi Togan

context: zh_tw: 澤基・瓦利迪・託甘（巴什基爾語：Әхмәтзәки Вәлиди Туған，有時亦稱為 Validi，1890 年－1970 年），巴什基爾人，是一位歷史學家（突厥學家），也是巴什基爾自由革命運動領導人。
en: Zeki Velidi Togan (Bashkir: Әхмәтзәки Әхмәтшаһ улы Вәлиди, Äxmätzäki Äxmätşah ulı Wälidi, ﺋﻪحمەتزەكى ئەجمەتشاه ئولئ وەلىدﯘو; Russian: Ахмет-Заки Ахметшахович Валидов, Ahmet-Zaki Ahmetšachovič Validov, sometimes spelled as Validi) (1890–1970 Istanbul), Bashkir, was a Turkic historian, Turkologist, and leader of the Bashkir revolutionary and liberation movement.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰領導了巴什基爾自由革命運動？
en: Who lead the bakshir revolutionary movement?
answers: zh_tw: text: 巴什基爾
en: text: Bashkir