麥地那龍線蟲病
Dracunculiasis

context: zh_tw: 龍線蟲病 2013 年共報告 148 起病例，較 1986 年 350 萬起病例大幅減少。該病 80 年代在 20 多個國家中存在，現僅存在於 3 個非洲國家。其中，南蘇丹病況最為嚴重。龍線蟲病很有可能成為第一個被消滅的寄生蟲病。龍線蟲病在古代就已為人知曉。公元前 1550 年的埃及醫書埃伯斯紙草卷就提到了該病。龍線蟲病的名稱源自拉丁語 “小龍帶來的苦惱”，而 “幾內亞蟲” 這個名稱，出現在歐洲人 17 世紀於西非沿岸的幾內亞目睹該疾病之後。一種類似於龍線蟲的物種會在其他動物中致病。該物種沒有感染人類的跡象。龍線蟲病被列入被忽視熱帶病中。
en: Dracunculiasis, also called Guinea-worm disease (GWD), is a parasitic infection by the Guinea worm. A person becomes infected when they drink water that contains water fleas infected with guinea worm larvae. Initially there are no symptoms. About one year later, the female worm forms a painful blister in the skin, usually on a lower limb. Other symptoms at this time may include vomiting and dizziness. The worm then emerges from the skin over the course of a few weeks. During this time, it may be difficult to walk or work. It is very uncommon for the disease to cause death.In humans, the only known cause is Dracunculus medinensis. The worm is about one to two millimeters wide, and an adult female is 60 to 100 centimeters long (males are much shorter at 12–29 mm or 0.47–1.14 in). Outside  humans, the young form can survive up to three weeks, during which they must be eaten by water fleas to continue to develop. The larva inside water fleas may survive up to four months. Thus, for the disease to remain in an area, it must occur each year in humans. A diagnosis of the disease can usually be made based on the signs and symptoms.Prevention is by early diagnosis of the disease followed by keeping the person from putting the wound in drinking water to decrease spread of the parasite. Other efforts include improving access to clean water and otherwise filtering water if it is not clean. Filtering through a cloth is often enough to remove the water fleas. Contaminated drinking water may be treated with a chemical called temefos to kill the larva. There is no medication or vaccine against the disease. The worm may be slowly removed over a few weeks by rolling it over a stick. The ulcers formed by the emerging worm may get infected by bacteria. Pain may continue for months after the worm has been removed.In 2015 there were 22 reported cases of the disease while in 2017 there were 30. This is down from an estimated 3.5 million cases in 1986. In 2016 the disease occurred in three countries, all in Africa, down from 20 countries in the 1980s. It will likely be the first parasitic disease to be globally eradicated. Guinea worm disease has been known since ancient times. The method of removing the worm is described in the Egyptian medical Ebers Papyrus, dating from 1550 BC. The name dracunculiasis is derived from the Latin "affliction with little dragons", while the name "guinea worm" appeared after Europeans saw the disease on the Guinea coast of West Africa in the 17th century. Other Dracunculus species are known to infect various mammals, but do not appear to infect humans. Dracunculiasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Because dogs may also become infected, the eradication program is monitoring and treating dogs as well.
qas: question: zh_tw: 龍線蟲病被列為哪類疾病？
en: What type of disease is Dracunculiasis classified as?
answers: zh_tw: text: 被忽視熱帶病
en: text: a neglected tropical disease