第四次大馬士革農村省攻勢
Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)

context: zh_tw: 2013 年 3 月末。政府軍在奧太巴鎮（Otaiba）開闢了一條新的戰線，試圖轉移反對派的關注方向並從後方攻擊古塔東部的反對派武裝。4 月 7 日，政府軍在大馬士革東部發動一場攻勢。阿拉伯敘利亞通訊社聲稱政府軍成功包圍了反對派佔領的古塔東部地區。反對派聲稱這一地區政府軍猛烈的攻勢已經從 3 月中旬持續至今。一名反對派指揮官證實通往古塔的北部入口已經被包圍。一名反對派活動人士聲稱政府軍從大馬士革國際機場方向向古塔東部發動了一次以坦克為先導的進攻。4 月 15 日，至少 20 人在大馬士革北部和東部的空襲和火箭彈轟擊中喪生。據報道反對派在 Qaboun 和 Barzeh 社群加強了實力以使得遭到化學武器攻擊的風險降到最低，並且想透過與敘利亞政府軍展開近距離城市巷戰來使得政府軍遭受更大損失。4 月 18 日，槍手在 Mazzeh 區的一座餐館刺殺了 Ali Ballan。他是敘利亞社會事務部的一名負責公共關係的領導，也是敘利亞救濟部門的一名成員。4 月 20 日，政府軍開始試圖完全控制位於大馬士革西南的 Jdaidet al-Fadl 鎮。69 人在戰鬥中喪生，其中大部分是反對派武裝。戰鬥還影響到了臨近的 Jdeidit Artouz 鎮，該鎮主要居住的是基督徒。
en: During late March 2013, government forces opened a new front in the town of Otaiba, in an effort to divert rebel war-efforts and to attack rebel forces in the eastern Ghouta from the rear.On 7 April, government force launched an offensive east of Damascus, with the state news agency SANA claiming the military imposed a siege on the rebel-held Eastern Ghouta area. Rebels stated that intensified Army attacks on the area had been going on since mid-March. A rebel commander confirmed that the northern entrance to Ghouta was under siege and an opposition activist stated that a government tank-led assault on Eastern Ghouta had been launched towards the south from the direction of the Damascus international airport.On 15 April, at least 20 people were killed in air strikes and rocket barrages in the north and east of Damascus. Rebel fighters were reportedly increasing their strength in the Qaboun and Barzeh neighbourhoods to minimise the risk of chemical weapons being used on them, as they would likely inflict casualties on the Syrian Army fighting rebels at close quarters.On 18 April, "gunmen" assassinated Ali Ballan, head of public relations at the Ministry of Social Affairs and a member of Syria's relief agency, in a restaurant at Mazzeh district.On 20 April, the Syrian army was pressing to take full control of the town of Jdaidet al-Fadl, southwest of Damascus. Sixty-nine people were killed in the four-day battle, most of them rebels. The fighting also affected the nearby town of Jdeidit Artouz, which is predominantly Christian.
qas: question: zh_tw: Jdeidit Artouz 鎮大多數民眾追隨什麼宗教？
en: What religion follows majority of Jdeidit Artouz population?
answers: zh_tw: text: 該鎮主要居住的是基督徒。
en: text: Christian

context: zh_tw: 5 月 2 日，政府軍攻佔了古塔東部的 Qaysa 鎮。多位反對派的活動人士警告稱現在各個派別的反對派必須團結一致。“如果各個派別的反對派武裝不能在一面旗幟下戰鬥，政府軍會一個派別一個派別的擊敗反對派。”5 月 4 日至 6 日，戰鬥在大馬士革各地及其郊區打響。據報道在雅爾矛克巴勒斯坦難民營、Drosha 鎮和 Khan al-Sheikh 軍營也爆發了衝突，政府軍正在試圖奪取這些地區。衝突還在 Beit Sahm 鎮、Thiyabiya 鎮、Sayyeda Zeinab 鎮和 Huseiniya 軍營爆發。在 Derkhabiya al-Buweida 和 Barzeh 社群也發生了戰鬥。雖然在經過兩天戰鬥之後 Dorsha 外圍仍有戰鬥持續，但根據敘利亞人權觀察組織的報道，政府軍開始從該地區撤走部分部隊。敘政府軍聲稱已經奪取了古塔地區東部的 al-Abbada 和 Ghraika 兩個鎮，但這則報道沒有得到獨立證據的證實。5 月 8 日，在針對大馬士革南部的炮擊中，反對派恐怖組織勝利陣線的首領阿布・穆罕默德・約拉尼受傷。
en: On 2 May, the Syrian Army captured the town of Qaysa in the eastern Ghouta. A call issued by several activists in the area warned the disparate rebel forces to pull together or face defeat. "If you do not unite under one flag the regime is going to hunt you down, one brigade after another," it said.Between 4 and 6 May, fighting raged all around Damascus and its countryside with clashes and bombing being reported in the Palestinian refugee camp of Yarmouk, the town of Drosha and the Khan al-Sheikh camp, where the Army was trying to take control of the area, and towns of Beit Sahm, Thiyabiya and Sayyeda Zeinab and Huseiniya camp. Fighting also raged in Derkhabiya al-Buweida and the Barzeh neighbourhood. Although fighting was still ongoing in the outskirts of Drosha after two days of clashes, according to SORH, there were reports of a partial retreat of regular forces from the area. The Syrian military claimed that their troops captured the towns of al-Abbada and Ghraika in Eastern Ghouta, but there was no independent confirmation.On 8 May, the leader of the Al-Nusra Front rebel group, Abu Mohammad al-Golani, was wounded during an artillery bombardment south of Damascus.
qas: question: zh_tw: 說出一個戰鬥發生過的地方？
en: Name one place the fighting happen in?
answers: zh_tw: text: Derkhabiya al-Buweida
en: text: Derkhabiya al-Buweida

context: zh_tw: 5 月 27 日，據報道在古塔地區東部黎巴嫩真主黨投入到了針對反對派的戰鬥。在與古塔相鄰的 Al-Murj 地區真主黨武裝分子奪取了 9 座城鎮。反對派活動人士聲稱數千名真主黨成員在大馬士革國際機場附近的空軍情報中心接受訓練。5 月 28 日，政府軍發動了一次針對大馬士革巴澤區的重要行動。在從北邊、東邊和東南面發動進攻後，政府軍在該區推進了 400 米。這次行動的目的是孤立加本區附近的反對派控制區。據報道政府軍推進到了大馬士革東面的 Adra 鎮。橫掃了反對派的控制區並切斷了更多的反對派補給線。政府軍計劃在西面繼續推進，使得位於推進的政府軍和大馬士革內政府軍控制區之間的反對派武裝屈服。5 月 30 日，古塔東部的反對派陷入包圍並請求更多的援兵與援助，因為他們害怕政府軍 “準備執行更多的屠殺”。第二天，領導位於貝魯特的中東政治學術研究中心的黎巴嫩退役將領 Hisham Jaber 聲稱政府軍在攻勢中已經清除了大馬士革周邊 80% 的地區。6 月 2 日，在大馬士革約巴區雙方的衝突中，一所警察局附近發生了一次汽車炸彈襲擊，9 名警察喪生。 在靠近敘黎邊境的黎巴嫩小鎮 Ain el-Jaouze，真主黨的武裝分子襲擊了一夥反對派武裝。當時這夥武裝分子準備向黎巴嫩貝卡谷地的什葉派聚居區發射火箭彈。衝突中 14 到 17 名反對派武裝和 1 名真主黨武裝分子喪生。6 月 4 日，敘利亞國家電視臺報道稱政府軍已經將反對派從約巴區清除出去。政府軍在數百名真主黨武裝的支援下，試圖攻入 Madhamiya 區。反對派活動人士聲稱在戰鬥中兩名真主黨武裝分子，其中包括一名戰地指揮官喪生。在德拉雅地區越來越多的政府軍被投入戰鬥。6 月 11 日，在東古塔的 al-Marj 地區的一次政府軍伏擊中，反對派遭受重大損失，27 人被擊斃。當時他們正攜帶補給試圖穿過政府軍的封鎖線。還有 7 名反對派下落不明。6 月 15 日，敘利亞國家電視臺報道政府軍已經攻佔了大馬士革市郊的 Ahmadiyeh 鎮，該鎮是東古塔地區的一部分。一名反對派的指揮官證實在該地區戰鬥在一天前已經打響。還有訊息聲稱政府軍攻佔了臨近的 Khamissiyeh 鎮的一部分地區。6 月 16 日，在 Mazzeh 軍用機場附近的一處政府軍檢查站發生了一起嚴重的汽車炸彈襲擊，導致 10 名士兵喪生，10 名士兵受傷。
en: On 27 May, Hezbollah forces reportedly engaged in combat operations against the rebels in the Eastern Ghouta area. Hezbollah fighters had captured nine towns in the Al-Murj area neighboring Ghouta and opposition activists claimed thousands of members of the Lebanese group were training in an air force intelligence center near Damascus International Airport.On 28 May, the Army launched a major operation against the Barzeh neighborhood in Damascus. Government troops advanced 400 meters in the district, after attacking from the north, east and south-east. The aim of the operation was to isolate the rebel area near Qaboun. It was also reported that the military reached the town of Adra, east of Damascus, completing a sweep through rebel-held territory and cutting more rebel supply lines. The Army was planning to continue their push to the west, squeezing the rebels between the advancing forces and the government-held areas in Damascus.By 30 May, rebel forces in Eastern Ghouta were surrounded and pleading for reinforcements and aid to be sent as they feared government troops were "preparing to commit more massacres". The next day, Hisham Jaber, a retired Lebanese army general who heads the Middle East Center for Studies and Political Research in Beirut, said that government troops cleared up to 80 percent of the areas around the capital during the offensive.On 2 June, during intense clashes between rebels and government forces in the Jobar district of Damascus, a car bomb exploded near a police station, killing nine policemen. Also, near the Lebanese town of Ain el-Jaouze, which is close to the border area between Lebanon and Syria, and Damascus itself, Hezbollah fighters attacked a rebel rocket team which was reportedly preparing to fire rockets into Shi'ite areas of the Lebanese Beqaa Valley. 14–17 rebels and one Hezbollah fighter were killed.On 4 June, state TV claimed that government troops had pushed out rebels from the Jobar district. Opposition sources were not available for comment on the claim. Government troops, reinforced by hundreds of Hezbollah fighters, attempted to infiltrate Madhamiya. Opposition activists claimed that during the attempt, two Hezbollah members, including a field commander, were killed. More government forces were also being deployed at Darayya.On 11 June, rebel forces suffered heavy casualties when 27 of their fighters were killed in an Army ambush in the al-Marj area of Eastern Ghouta, while they were attempting to break through the military blockade to bring in supplies. Another seven fighters were missing.On 15 June, state TV reported that government troops had captured the Ahmadiyeh suburb of Damascus, which is part of Eastern Ghouta. A rebel commander confirmed there was fighting in the area a day earlier. An Army source also claimed that troops captured parts of the nearby town of Khamissiyeh.On 16 June, a large car-bomb was detonated at an Army checkpoint outside the Mazzeh Military Airport, killing 10 soldiers and wounding 10 others. According to SOHR, the car-bomb was followed by smaller explosions from rockets fired by rebels.
qas: question: zh_tw: 真主黨武裝分子佔領了多少座城鎮？
en: How many towns were captured by Hezbollah fighters?
answers: zh_tw: text: 9
en: text: nine

question: zh_tw: 總共有多少戰士失蹤了？
en: How many total fighters went missing?
answers: zh_tw: text: 7
en: text: seven

context: zh_tw: 8 月 21 日，數百人，包括平民和反對派宣稱在古塔地區發生了一次疑似化學襲擊事件。估計死亡人數範圍從 355 人到 1429 人。8 月 22 日，根據敘利亞反對派的說法，敘利亞政府軍針對大馬士革農村省的反對派據點發動了一場新的攻勢。政府軍攻入了 Erbine、Harasta、Jobar、Zamalka 和 Ain Tarma，但是沒有完全控制任何地區，但他們控制了一些戰略要點。
en: On 21 August, an alleged chemical attack on the Ghouta region claimed lives of hundreds of people, both civilians and rebels. Estimates of dead varied from 355 up to 1,429.On 22 August, according to the Syrian opposition, the Syrian Army launched a new offensive against rebel positions in Rif Dimashq. The Army entered Erbine, Harasta, Jobar, Zamalka and Ain Tarma, but without taking full control. They did however capture strategic points.
qas: question: zh_tw: 八月份敘利亞軍隊進入了哪些城市？
en: Which cities did the Syrian Army enter in August?
answers: zh_tw: text: 政府軍攻入了 Erbine、Harasta、Jobar、Zamalka 和 Ain Tarma，
en: text: Erbine, Harasta, Jobar, Zamalka and Ain Tarma

question: zh_tw: 化學襲擊事件發生在什麼時候？
en: When did the chemical attack occur?
answers: zh_tw: text: 8 月 21 日
en: text: 21 August

context: zh_tw: 9 月 10 日，在敘政府認定西方干預內戰的威脅過去之後，政府軍對反對派武裝的據點（主要是那些位於大馬士革南部郊區的）發動了一場新的攻勢。
en: Once the threat of western air-strikes had passed, the Army launched a new offensive against rebel positions on 10 September, primarily in the southern suburbs of Damascus.
qas: question: zh_tw: 軍隊對反叛分子的新據點是哪裡？
en: Where did the Army focus it's new offensive against the rebels?
answers: zh_tw: text: 大馬士革
en: text: Damascus