zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
廣場
Town square

context: zh_tw: 廣場是在傳統城市中的一個廣闊、平坦的露天空間，主要用途是讓民眾聚集，或用作政治用途。在廣場中通常會設有一些銅像、雕塑、紀念碑或噴泉等裝飾。在現代，「廣場」一詞也被作為、購物中心甚至商業大廈以及私人屋苑的稱呼。
en: Most town squares are hardscapes suitable for open markets, concerts, political rallies, and other events that require firm ground. Being centrally located, town squares are usually surrounded by small shops such as bakeries, meat markets, cheese stores, and clothing stores. At their center is often a fountain, well, monument, or statue. Many of those with fountains are actually called fountain square.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在城市廣場中心能找到什麼？
en: What can be found in the town square center?
answers: zh_tw: text: 銅像、雕塑、紀念碑或噴泉
en: text: fountain, well, monument, or statue
普密蓬・阿杜德
Bhumibol Adulyadej

context: zh_tw: 普密蓬・阿杜德（泰語：ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช；皇家音譯：Phumiphon Adunyadet；發音：[pʰuː.mí.pʰon ʔa.dun.ja.dèːt]  聆聽；1927 年 12 月 5 日－2016 年 10 月 13 日），亦稱普密蓬大帝，泰國扎克里王朝第九代國王，亦稱拉瑪九世（Rama IX）。1946 年 6 月 9 日即位，2016 年 10 月 13 日駕崩，過世時為世界史上在任時間第二長的國家元首，亦為泰國曆史上統治時間最長的國君，總共在位 70 年 126 天。其治下共經歷了三十位總理，始於比裡・帕儂榮，終於巴育・佔奧差。
en: Bhumibol Adulyadej (Thai: ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; RTGS: Phumiphon Adunyadet; pronounced [pʰūː.mí.pʰōn ʔā.dūn.jā.dèːt] (listen); see full title below; 5 December 1927 – 13 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great in 1987(officially conferred by King Maha Vajiralongkorn in 2019), was the ninth monarch of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty as Rama IX. Reigning since 9 June 1946, he was, at the time of his death, the world's longest-reigning head of state, the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history and the longest-reigning monarch having reigned only as an adult, reigning for 70 years, 126 days. During his reign, he was served by a total of 30 prime ministers beginning with Pridi Banomyong and ending with Prayut Chan-o-cha.Forbes estimated Bhumibol's fortune – including property and investments managed by the Crown Property Bureau, a unique body that is neither private nor government-owned (the assets managed by the Bureau were at that time owned by the crown as an institution, not by the monarch as an individual) – to be US$30 billion in 2010, and he headed the magazine's list of the "world's richest royals" from 2008 to 2013 despite the fact the same magazine also estimated the worth of the British monarchy triple that of the Thai one. In May 2014, Bhumibol's wealth was once again listed as US$30 billion.After 2006, Bhumibol suffered declining health and spent extended periods at Siriraj Hospital, where he died on 13 October 2016. He was generally highly revered by the people in Thailand – many even saw him as close to divine. Notable political activists and Thai citizens who criticized the king or the institution of monarchy were often forced into exile or to suffer frequent imprisonments. Yet many cases were dropped before being proceeded or were eventually given royal pardon. His cremation was held on 26 October 2017 at the royal crematorium at Sanam Luang. His son, Maha Vajiralongkorn, succeeded him as King.
qas: question: zh_tw: 普密蓬・阿杜德統治了多少年？
en: For how many years was Bhumibol Adulyadej in power?
answers: zh_tw: text: 70 年 126 天
en: text: 70 years, 126 days
米列娃・馬利奇
Mileva Marić

context: zh_tw: 米列娃・馬利奇 （塞爾維亞語西裡爾字母：Милева Марић，塞爾維亞語拉丁字母：Mileva Marić，1875 年 12 月 19 日－1948 年 8 月 4 日），塞爾維亞物理學家。阿爾伯特・愛因斯坦在蘇黎世聯邦理工學院學習時，她是班上唯一的女同學。他們之間的友情轉化成愛情並最終在 1903 年結婚。馬利奇與愛因斯坦在婚前已育有一女莉瑟兒，夭折早逝。婚後則育有 2 子：漢斯・愛因斯坦與愛德華・愛因斯坦。
en: Mileva Marić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милева Марић; December 19, 1875 – August 4, 1948), sometimes called Mileva Marić-Einstein or Mileva Marić-Ajnštajn, was a Serbian physicist and the first wife of Albert Einstein from 1903-19. She was the only woman among Einstein's fellow students at Zürich's Polytechnic and was the second woman to finish a full program of study at the Department of Mathematics and Physics. Marić and Einstein were collaborators and lovers and had a daughter Lieserl in 1902, whose fate is unknown. They later had two sons, Hans Albert and Eduard.
qas: question: zh_tw: 愛因斯坦第一任老婆的職業是什麼？
en: What was the profession of Einstein's first wife?
answers: zh_tw: text: 物理學家
en: text: physicist
菓珍
Tang (drink mix)

context: zh_tw: 菓珍（英語：Tang）是美國卡夫食品公司於 1957 年推出的速溶固體飲料品牌，1959 年首次上市銷售。1986 年進入中國市場。該品牌擁有者現為億滋國際。
en: Tang is an artificially flavored drink mix that was formulated by General Foods Corporation food scientist William A. Mitchell in 1957, and first marketed in powdered form in 1959. The Tang brand is currently owned by Mondelēz International, a 2012 North American company split off of Kraft Foods Inc.
qas: question: zh_tw: 威廉・A・米謝爾發明的飲料叫什麼名字？
en: What is the name of the drink invented by William A. Mitchell?
answers: zh_tw: text: 菓珍
en: text: Tang
印度政府

context: zh_tw: 政府由行政、立法和司法三個分支組成。行政機關之首為總統，是國家元首，直接或透過其下屬行使權力。立法機關（即印度議會）由人民院和聯邦院以及議長組成。司法機關由印度最高法院、21 個高階法院，以及地區層面的各民事、刑事和家庭法院組成。印度是世界上人口最多的民主國家。
qas: question: zh_tw: 州政府的三個分支是什麼？
en: What are the three parts of the state government?
answers: zh_tw: text: 行政、立法和司法

context: zh_tw: 印度獨立司法體系自英國殖民時期開始。印度最高法院是最高司法機關，有權解釋憲法、審理中央政府與各邦之間的爭議問題等，由一名首席法官和 30 名大法官組成，全部由總統委任。陪審團審訊在 60 年代初被廢除。各邦設有高等法院，縣設有縣法院。
qas: question: zh_tw: 最高法院上有多少大法官？
en: How many associate justices are on the Supreme Court?
answers: zh_tw: text: 30
Μ 中微子
Muon neutrino

context: zh_tw: 1962 年時，利昂・萊德曼、梅爾文・施瓦茨和傑克・施泰因貝格爾透過首次檢測 μ 中微子的相互作用觀察到不止一種中微子。這項成果使他們獲得了諾貝爾物理學獎。
en: In 1962 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger established by performing an experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory  that more than one type of neutrino exists by first detecting interactions of the muon neutrino (already hypothesised with the name neutretto), which earned them the 1988 Nobel Prize.
qas: question: zh_tw: 實驗什麼時候開始的？
en: when was the experiment established?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1962 年
en: text: 1962
極限程式設計
Extreme programming

context: zh_tw: 來自小組的回饋：當客戶帶著新需求來參加專案計劃會議時，小組可以直接對於實現新需求所需要的時間進行評估然後回饋給客戶。回饋是與 “交流”、“簡單” 這兩條價值緊密聯絡的。為了溝通系統中的缺陷，可以透過編寫單元測試，簡單的證明某一段程式碼存在問題。來自系統的直接回饋資訊將提醒程式設計師注意這一部分。使用者可以以定義好的功能需求為依據，對系統進行週期性的測試。用 Kent Beck 的話來說：“程式設計中的樂觀主義是危險的，而及時回饋則是解決它的方法。”
en: Feedback from the team: When customers come up with new requirements in the planning game the team directly gives an estimation of the time that it will take to implement.Feedback is closely related to communication and simplicity. Flaws in the system are easily communicated by writing a unit test that proves a certain piece of code will break. The direct feedback from the system tells programmers to recode this part. A customer is able to test the system periodically according to the functional requirements, known as user stories. To quote Kent Beck, "Optimism is an occupational hazard of programming. Feedback is the treatment."
qas: question: zh_tw: 缺陷是如何溝通的？
en: How are flaws communicated?
answers: zh_tw: text: 編寫單元測試，簡單的證明某一段程式碼存在問題
en: text: writing a unit test that proves a certain piece of code will break

context: zh_tw: 組成極限程式設計基礎的原則，正是基於上面描述的那幾條價值。在系統開發專案中，這些原則被用來為決策做出指導。與價值相比，原則被描述的更加具體化，以便在實際應用中更為簡單的轉變為具體的指導意見。
en: The principles that form the basis of XP are based on the values just described and are intended to foster decisions in a system development project. The principles are intended to be more concrete than the values and more easily translated to guidance in a practical situation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這些原則的意圖是什麼？
en: What is the intention of the principles?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在實際應用中更為簡單的轉變為具體的指導意見
en: text: to be more concrete than the values and more easily translated to guidance in a practical situation

question: zh_tw: 建立 XP 的目的是為了做什麼？
en: XP was created with the intention to do what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在系統開發專案中，這些原則被用來為決策做出指導。
en: text: foster decisions in a system development project
炎症性腸病
Inflammatory bowel disease

context: zh_tw: 炎症性腸病可造成腹痛、嘔吐、腹瀉以及其他不適症狀，但不太可能造成致命危險。一些致命的併發症如中毒性巨結腸、腸穿孔和手術的造成併發症也同樣少見。
en: While IBD can limit quality of life because of pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and other socially undesired symptoms, it is rarely fatal on its own.  Fatalities due to complications such as toxic megacolon, bowel perforation and surgical complications are also rare..
qas: question: zh_tw: IBD 中導致的死亡的罕見併發症有哪些？
en: Deaths due to what complications are rare in IBD?
answers: zh_tw: text: 中毒性巨結腸、腸穿孔和手術的造成併發症
en: text: complications such as toxic megacolon, bowel perforation and surgical complications
猶他州
Utah

context: zh_tw: 猶他州（英語：State of Utah）是美國西部的一個州。於 1896 年 1 月 4 日成為美國第 45 個州。猶他州是美國 13 大的州、人口排行 33 和人口密度倒數第 10 名的州。猶他州行政區劃一共有 29 個郡。全州人口共約 285.5 萬（2012 年人口估算），約 80% 人口居住於首府鹽湖城。主要由耶穌基督後期聖徒教會信眾的後代和北歐移民的後裔組成，這對猶他州文化和日常生活有很大的影響。耶穌基督後期聖徒教會總部也設立在鹽湖城。主要城市有鹽湖城、奧格登和普若佛。
en: Utah ( YOO-tah,  (listen) YOO-taw) is a state in the western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4, 1896. Utah is the 13th-largest by area, 30th-most-populous, and 11th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1, 2016. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which contains approximately 2.5 million people; and Washington County in Southern Utah, with over 160,000 residents. Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast.
qas: question: zh_tw: 猶他州除了哪個國家？
en: What nation is Utah apart of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 美國
en: text: U.S.
大衛・鮑伊
David Bowie

context: zh_tw: 1999 年，鮑伊獲得法國政府藝術與文學勳章的指揮官勳章。同年，他獲得了伯克利音樂學院的榮譽博士學位。他在 2000 年拒絕了大英帝國勳章（CBE）的皇室榮譽；並於 2003 年拒絕了爵士爵位。鮑伊後來表示：“我絕不會有任何意圖接受這樣的事情。我真的不知道這是為了什麼，這不是我一生的工作。”
en: Bowie's 1969 commercial breakthrough, the song "Space Oddity", won him an Ivor Novello Special Award For Originality. For his performance in the 1976 science fiction film The Man Who Fell to Earth, he won a Saturn Award for Best Actor. In the ensuing decades he was honoured with numerous awards for his music and its accompanying videos, receiving, among others, six Grammy Awards and four Brit Awards—winning Best British Male Artist twice; the award for Outstanding Contribution to Music in 1996; and the Brits Icon award for his "lasting impact on British culture", given posthumously in 2016.In 1999, Bowie was made a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government. He received an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music the same year. He declined the royal honour of Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2000, and turned down a knighthood in 2003. Bowie later stated "I would never have any intention of accepting anything like that. I seriously don't know what it's for. It's not what I spent my life working for."
qas: question: zh_tw: 鮑伊在 2003 年拒絕了什麼？
en: What did Bowie reject in 2003?
answers: zh_tw: text: 爵士爵位
en: text: knighthood
雙胞胎
Twin

context: zh_tw: 在極少數情況下，雙胞胎可能會發展成連體嬰。此外，雙胞胎在子宮內各種不同程度的共享環境，將可能導致各種妊娠併發症。
en: In very rare cases, twins become conjoined twins. Non-conjoined monozygotic twins form up to day 14 of embryonic development, but when twinning occurs after 14 days, the twins will likely be conjoined. Furthermore, there can be various degrees of shared environment of twins in the womb, potentially leading to pregnancy complications.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在某些情況下，雙胞胎可能會發展成為什麼？
en: What can twins turn into in certain situations?
answers: zh_tw: text: 連體嬰
en: text: conjoined twins
世界摔角娛樂
WWE

context: zh_tw: 1992 年，世界摔角聯盟被類固醇濫用和分配的指控所攻擊，而在 1993 年，又被旗下員工指控性騷擾。文斯・麥馬漢最終被宣判無罪，但對於世界摔角聯盟的公關方面絕對是一個極大的噩夢。類固醇試驗在營收處於歷史低點時，耗費世界摔角聯盟估計有 5,000,000 美元。而這項結果導致於許多世界摔角聯盟的選手加入當時主要競爭對手世界冠軍摔角的旗下，包含前 WWF 冠軍霍克・霍肯。在這段期間，世界摔角聯盟打出了 “WWF 新世代” 的旗號，致力於增進和推動青年人才成為矚目的焦點，包含了尚恩・麥可、凱文・奈許、史考特・霍爾、佈雷特・哈特及送葬者。
en: The WWF was hit with allegations of steroid abuse and distribution in 1992. This was followed by allegations of sexual harassment by WWF employees the following year. McMahon was eventually exonerated, but the allegations brought bad public relations for the WWF, and an overall bad reputation. The steroid trial cost the company an estimated $5 million at a time of record low revenues. This helped drive many WWF wrestlers over to rival promotion World Championship Wrestling (WCW), including 1980s babyface hero Hulk Hogan. During this period, the WWF promoted wrestlers of a younger age comprising "The New Generation", featuring Shawn Michaels, Diesel, Razor Ramon, Bret Hart, and The Undertaker, in an effort to promote new talent into the spotlight.
qas: question: zh_tw: 此性騷擾指控的判決是什麼？
en: What was the verdict of the sexual harrassment allegations?
answers: zh_tw: text: 無罪
en: text: exonerated
印第安納州
Indiana

context: zh_tw: 印第安納州有非常多元化的經濟，2005 年州內生產總值為 2140 億美元。印第安納州有數個人口在 10 萬以上的都會區和許多較小的工業城鎮。美國 2012 年人口估算顯示，該州總人口數為 653.7 萬。印第安納州有數個體育球隊和體育賽事，包括國家橄欖球聯盟的印第安納波利斯小馬隊，國家籃球聯盟的印第安納步行者隊，國家女子籃球聯盟的印第安納熱度隊，和印第安納波利斯 500 賽車，Brickyard 400 賽車。印第安納州有數個大學入選美國新聞與世界報道最好大學 2011 年排行榜。普渡大學、印第安納大學和聖母大學為全美前 50 名的大學，而巴特勒大學、瓦爾帕萊索大學和伊凡斯維爾大學為美國中西部地區大學前 10 名的大學。
en: Before becoming a territory, various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Since its founding as a territory, settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States; the state's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York, Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio, and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states, particularly Kentucky and Tennessee.Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $359.12 billion in 2017. Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns. Indiana is home to professional sports teams, including the NFL's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA's Indiana Pacers, and hosts several notable athletic events, such as the Indianapolis 500 and Brickyard 400 motorsports races.
qas: question: zh_tw: 印第安納州的都市區估計有多少人口？
en: What is the estimate population of Indiana's metropolitan areas?
answers: zh_tw: text: 10 萬
en: text: 100,000

context: zh_tw: 2011 年 7 月 1 日，印第安納州的人口估計為 6,516,922 人，人口自 2010 年美國人口普查後增長 0.51%。印第安納州的大多數城市是中小城市，其最大的城市和首府是印第安納波利斯。
en: Indiana  (listen) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11, 1816. Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north, Ohio to the east, Kentucky to the south and southeast, and Illinois to the west.
qas: question: zh_tw: 印第安納州最大的城市是什麼？
en: What is the largest city in Indiana?
answers: zh_tw: text: 印第安納波利斯
en: text: Indianapolis
冷凍隊長
Captain Cold

context: zh_tw: 冷凍隊長（英語：Captain Cold），原名萊納德・斯奈特（Leonard Snart），是由 DC 漫畫出版一個虛構的超級反派。角色由約翰・布魯姆和卡邁恩・因凡蒂諾創造，第一次出現在陳列櫥 #8（1957 年 6 月），他是白銀時代閃電俠的第一個反派。
en: Captain Cold (Leonard Snart) is a fictional supervillain/antihero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Captain Cold is the leader of the Rogues, a loose criminal association, as well as the older brother of Golden Glider. An adversary of the various superheroes known as the Flash, he has served as one of Barry Allen's archenemies, both foe and begrudging ally to Wally West, and one of the regretting killers of Bart Allen. As part of 2011's The New 52 reboot, Captain Cold is a villain that with his team The Rogues lives by a code to never kill and sometimes can be perceived as a hero.IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains Of All Time List ranked Captain Cold as #27. Actor Wentworth Miller has portrayed multiple versions of the character in The CW's television series The Flash and Legends of Tomorrow.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪家公司出版了《冷凍隊長》漫畫？
en: What company published Captain Cold comic?
answers: zh_tw: text: DC 漫畫
en: text: DC Comics
甲狀腺機能低下症
Hypothyroidism

context: zh_tw: 甲狀腺機能低下症（Hypothyroidism），又稱作甲狀腺功能減退症（underactive thyroid），簡稱甲減（low thyroid），是一種常見的由甲狀腺分泌的甲狀腺素不足導致內分泌疾病。甲減可以引起多種症狀，如疲勞，禦寒能力低下，體重增加等。甲減可以造成兒童的身體和智力的發育遲緩，在某些情況下發展成呆小症。甲減可以透過檢測血液中促甲狀腺激素（TSH）的水平和甲狀腺激素 T4 的水平來診斷。
en: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, a feeling of tiredness, constipation, depression, and weight gain. Occasionally there may be swelling of the front part of the neck due to goiter. Untreated hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to delays in growth and intellectual development in the baby or congenital iodine deficiency syndrome.Worldwide, too little iodine in the diet is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. In countries with enough iodine in the diet, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune condition Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Less common causes include: previous treatment with radioactive iodine, injury to the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland, certain medications, a lack of a functioning thyroid at birth, or previous thyroid surgery. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism, when suspected, can be confirmed with blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine levels.Salt iodization has prevented hypothyroidism in many populations. Hypothyroidism can be treated with levothyroxine. The dose is adjusted according to symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels. Thyroid medication is safe in pregnancy. While a certain amount of dietary iodine is important, excessive amounts can worsen certain types of hypothyroidism.Worldwide about one billion people are estimated to be iodine deficient; however, it is unknown how often this results in hypothyroidism. In the United States, hypothyroidism occurs in 0.3–0.4% of people. Subclinical hypothyroidism, a milder form of hypothyroidism characterized by normal thyroxine levels and an elevated TSH level, is thought to occur in 4.3–8.5% of people in the United States. Hypothyroidism is more common in women than men. People over the age of 60 are more commonly affected. Dogs are also known to develop hypothyroidism and in rare cases cats and horses. The word "hypothyroidism" is from  Greek hypo- meaning "reduced",  thyreos for "shield", and eidos for "form".
qas: question: zh_tw: 甲狀腺功能減退症有哪些症狀？
en: What are the symptoms of Hypothyroidism?
answers: zh_tw: text: 疲勞，禦寒能力低下，體重增加
en: text: poor ability to tolerate cold, a feeling of tiredness, constipation, depression, and weight gain
科比・布萊恩特

context: zh_tw: 最終，在 1996 年 NBA 選秀大會上，科比被夏洛特黃蜂隊以第 13 順位選中，隨即在同年的 7 月 11 日被交換到湖人。科比原想穿 33 號，但是紫金大軍的 33 號球衣已為「天勾」卡里姆・阿卜杜勒 - 賈巴爾（Kareem Abdul-Jabbar）榮退了。由於科比曾在愛迪達的 ABCD 訓練營中穿著 143 號球衣，他便將三個數字相加起來，8 號就成為了他第一個球衣背號。
qas: question: zh_tw: 布萊恩特穿幾號球衣？
en: What number did Bryant sport?
answers: zh_tw: text: 143

context: zh_tw: 科比在前一季的名聲嚴重受創，因此在 2004–05 年賽季期間遭各界嚴厲的審視和批評。菲爾・傑克森的著書也在該年出版，內容詳細地敘述湖人隊在上一球季間的動盪不安和球員內鬥，且多次批評科比的不當態度，稱他「難以受教（uncoachable）」。在球季中段，總教練湯贊奴域治表示宿疾復發且勞累過度而突然辭去職務，此時由助理教練法蘭克・漢伯倫代為指揮球隊。儘管科比當時的每場得分 27.6 分為聯盟排名第二，但是湖人隊卻與季後賽擦肩而過，在隊史裡是十年來首次與季後賽無緣。此球季為科比的生涯最低點，儘管個人資料和表現全面，但在季後排名卻從連續獲獎三年的 NBA 年度第一隊被降為年度第三隊。
qas: question: zh_tw: 由於他的聲譽受損，主教練科比在哪個籃球賽季受到審視和批評？
en: Because of his damaged reputation, Coach Bryant was closely watched and analyzed during which basketball season?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2004–05

context: zh_tw: 2003，科羅拉多老鷹郡警方逮捕了科比，因為一個 19 歲的旅館女服務生 Katelyn Faber（1985 年 6 月 18 日 -）報警稱被性侵。科比入住該酒店以等待在附近預約的膝蓋手術，該女子稱在手術前科比在旅館的 35 號房間強姦了她。科比 交保候審期間與妻子凡妮莎一起召開記者會，承認與該女子發生了婚外性行為，向妻子和公眾道歉，但否認性侵，堅稱性行為發生的時候雙方是自願的。該事件使科比的公眾形象大受打擊。麥當勞公司和能多益公司解除了科比的廣告合同，科比的球衣銷量也一落千丈。但 2004 年，因為該女子拒絕在法庭宣誓，因此控方撤銷了對科比的指控。隨後科比發表公開宣告，向該女子道歉並承認錯誤，在宣告中他說：“…… 雖然我堅信當時我們雙方都是自願的，但是我現在瞭解到她的感受和我不同，近幾個月她的律師和她傳遞的資訊告訴我她當時的感受，她當時並不同意這一行為。” 該女子同時向科比發起民事訴訟，最終雙方私下協議以 500 萬美元私下和解，更具體內容外界不得而知。
qas: question: zh_tw: 布萊恩特在哪一年因為性侵被逮捕？
en: In which year did Bryant get arrested for sexual assault complaints?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2003
個人中心治療
Person-centered therapy

context: zh_tw: 個人中心治療 (Person-Centered Therapy) 是由羅吉斯於二十世紀四、五年代在美國所創立的一個心理治療取向，或會被稱為「非指導式治療」、「當事人中心治療法」。與心理分析學派有很大的分別，強調人的正面成長和發展，並且非常著重治療師本身的態度如一致 (Congruence)、真誠 (Genuineness)、無條件尊重 (Unconditional Positive Regard) 和同理心 (Empathy) 等，而非治療的技巧。
en: Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy,  person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Person-centered therapy seeks to facilitate a client's self-actualizing tendency, "an inbuilt proclivity toward growth and fulfillment", via acceptance (unconditional positive regard), therapist congruence (genuineness), and empathic understanding.
qas: question: zh_tw: 卡爾・羅吉斯從事心理治療工作有多長時間？
en: How long did Carl Rogers pratice the psychotherapy?
answers: zh_tw: text: 二十世紀四、五年代
en: text: 1940s and extending into the 1980s

context: zh_tw: 無條件積極關注 (unconditional positive regard)：對案主的陳述，不帶批判性的態度，亦不作反對或贊成，僅去接納和認同、關懷案主。治療師在諮商過程中，應給案主賓至如歸的感覺。
en: Unconditional positive regard: the therapist offers an acceptance and prizing for their client for who he or she is without conveying disapproving feelings, actions or characteristics and demonstrating a willingness to attentively listen without interruption, judgement or giving advice.
qas: question: zh_tw: 治療師在不做判斷的同時進行傾聽稱為什麼？
en: What is it called when therapists listen without judgement?
answers: zh_tw: text: 無條件積極關注
en: text: Unconditional positive regard
巴哈尤拉
Bahá'u'lláh

context: zh_tw: 巴哈尤拉生於 1817 年 11 月 12 日，伊朗德黑蘭。據信他的祖上可以追溯到亞伯拉罕的妻子基土拉，瑣羅亞斯德，伊嗣俟三世，撒珊王朝的末世君主 ，和耶西。他的母親叫 Khadíjih Khánum，父親叫米爾扎・布祖爾格。米爾扎・布祖爾格是 Imám-Virdi Mírzá 的維齊爾，Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar 的第十二個兒子。隨後他被任命為布路吉爾和洛雷斯坦的長官，但在沙赫穆罕默德掌權後被撤職。在父親去世後，新的維齊爾哈吉・米爾扎・阿加西給予了巴哈尤拉一個新的政府職位，但他拒絕了。巴哈尤拉結過三次婚，他的第一位妻子是阿希耶・哈努姆，當地貴族的女兒，1835 年於德黑蘭結婚，巴哈尤拉時年 18 歲，妻子 15 歲。巴哈尤拉授予她 “至大聖葉”（the Most Exalted Leaf,  Navváb）的稱號。他的第二位妻子是他孀居的表妹法蒂米・哈努姆，1849 年在德黑蘭結婚，巴哈尤拉時年 32 歲，她 21 歲，她也被稱作 Mahd-i-`Ulyá。第三位妻子叫喬哈爾・哈努姆，應在 1863 年前於巴格達結婚。巴哈尤拉宣佈阿希耶・哈努姆是他 “上帝所有世界中永恆的伴侶”，她的兒子阿博都巴哈是他的解釋者。他有 14 個孩子，10 個兒子和 4 個女兒，其中 5 個兒子比他早離世。巴哈伊們視阿希耶・哈努姆和她的子女米爾扎・米赫迪，巴希伊・哈努姆和阿博都巴哈為巴哈伊神聖家族。
en: Bahá'u'lláh was born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Núrí (Persian: میرزا حسین‌علی نوری‎) on 12 November 1817 (Muharram 2, 1233 AH), in Tehran, the capital of Persia, present-day Iran. Bahá'í authors trace his ancestry back to Abraham through Abraham's wife Keturah, to Zoroaster, to Yazdgerd III, the last king of the Sassanid Empire, and also to Jesse. According to the Bahá'í author John Able, Bahá'ís also consider Bahá'u'lláh to have been "descended doubly, from both Abraham and Sarah, and separately from Abraham and Keturah".His mother was Khadíjih Khánum, and his father was Mírzá Buzurg. Bahá'u'lláh's father served as vizier to Imám-Virdi Mírzá, the twelfth son of Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar. Mírzá Buzurg was later appointed governor of Burujird and Lorestan, a position that he was stripped of during a government purge when Muhammad Shah came to power. After the death of his father, Bahá'u'lláh was asked to take a government post by the new vizier Hajji Mirza Aqasi, but declined.Bahá'u'lláh had three wives. He married his first wife Ásíyih Khánum, the daughter of a nobleman, in Tehran in 1835, when he was 18 and she was 15. She was given the title of The Most Exalted Leaf and Navváb. His second wife was his widowed cousin Fátimih Khánum. The marriage took place in Tehran in 1849 when she was 21 and he was 32. She was known as Mahd-i-`Ulyá. His third wife was Gawhar Khánum and the marriage occurred in Baghdad sometime before 1863.He had 14 children, four daughters and ten sons, five of whom he outlived. Bahá'ís regard Ásíyih Khánum and her children Mírzá Mihdí, Bahíyyih Khánum and `Abdu'l-Bahá to be the Bahá'í holy family.
qas: question: zh_tw: 巴哈的孩子們都是誰？
en: Who are Baha's kids?
answers: zh_tw: text: 米爾扎・米赫迪，巴希伊・哈努姆和阿博都巴哈
en: text: Mírzá Mihdí, Bahíyyih Khánum and `Abdu'l-Bahá
權力的遊戲 (第七季)
Game of Thrones (season 7)

context: zh_tw: 美國電視連續劇《權力的遊戲》第七季於 2016 年 4 月 21 日，也即是第六季開播前三天，被 HBO 訂購。2016 年 8 月 31 日第七季開始拍攝，主要拍攝地在北愛爾蘭、克羅埃西亞、西班牙、冰島等地，2017 年 7 月 16 日正式播出第一集，同年 8 月 27 日播出本季最後一集。和之前幾季不同，本季只有 7 集。和上一季類似，本季大部分劇情在播出時還沒有出現在喬治・R・R・馬丁的冰與火之歌系列小說之中，只能根據將喬治・R・R・馬丁提供材料改編到電視劇劇本之中。本季改編自大衛・貝尼奧夫和 D・B・魏斯。
en: The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons, which consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven episodes. Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series, while also incorporating material that Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.
qas: question: zh_tw: 第七季有幾集？
en: How amny episodes were in the seventh season?
answers: zh_tw: text: 7 集
en: text: seven

question: zh_tw: 誰改編了這個系列？
en: Who adapted the series?
answers: zh_tw: text: 大衛・貝尼奧夫和 D・B・魏斯
en: text: David Benioff and D. B. Weiss
安永
Ernst & Young

context: zh_tw: 安永是一系列會計師事務所合併的結果。最早的歷史可追溯到 1849 年在英格蘭成立的會計師事務所哈丁・普萊恩（Harding & Pullein）。同年，弗雷德裡克・惠尼（Frederick Whinney）加入了事務所，並於 1859 年成為合夥人。1894 年，事務所改名為惠尼史密斯・惠尼（Whinney Smith & Whinney），史密斯是弗雷德裡克的兒子。1903 年，特奧多爾・恩斯特（Theodore Ernst）和阿爾文・恩斯特（Alwin Ernst）兩名美國人兄弟在克利夫蘭創辦了恩斯特・恩斯特（Ernst & Ernst）會計師事務所。1906 年，另一位美國人亞瑟・楊在芝加哥成立了亞瑟・楊（Arthur Young）會計師事務所。1924 年，這兩家美國的事務所開始與英國市場中突出的事務所結盟，亞瑟・楊與伯德・派特森（Broads Paterson & Co.）合作，而恩斯特・恩斯特與惠尼史密斯・惠尼攜手。後者在 1979 年合併，新的事務所稱為恩斯特・惠尼（Ernst & Whinney），為當時世界第四大會計師事務所。 也是在 1979 年，亞瑟・楊的歐洲分所與幾家當地較大的事務所合併，成為亞瑟・楊國際（Arthur Young International）的成員所。
en: EY is the result of a series of mergers of ancestor organizations. The oldest originating partnership was founded in 1849 in England as Harding & Pullein. In that year the firm was joined by Frederick Whinney. He was made a partner in 1859 and with his sons in the business, it was renamed Whinney Smith & Whinney in 1894.In 1903, the firm of Ernst & Ernst was established in Cleveland, US by Alwin C. Ernst and his brother Theodore and in 1906, Arthur Young & Co.  was set up by the Scotsman Arthur Young in Chicago.As early as 1924, these American firms allied with prominent British firms, Young with Broads Paterson & Co. and Ernst with Whinney Smith & Whinney. In 1979, this led to the formation of Anglo-American Ernst & Whinney, creating the fourth largest accountancy firm in the world.
qas: question: zh_tw: 它是世界第幾大會計事務所？
en: It was the what largest accountancy firm worldwide?
answers: zh_tw: text: 第四
en: text: fourth
病毒性肺炎
Viral pneumonia

context: zh_tw: 病毒是肺炎兩種主要病因之一，另一種為細菌；而少見的病因為真菌（fungi）和寄生生物（parasites）。
en: Viruses are one of the two major causes of pneumonia, the other being bacteria; less common causes are fungi and parasites. Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children, while in adults bacteria are a more common cause.
qas: question: zh_tw: 少見的肺炎病因是什麼？
en: What is a less likely cause of pneumionia behind viruses?
answers: zh_tw: text: 真菌（fungi）和寄生生物（parasites）
en: text: fungi and parasites
服務質量
Quality of service

context: zh_tw: 流量約定（SLA, Service Level Agreement 服務等級協議）給資料流設定優先順序，以此在網路／協議層面上，根據相互商定的尺度，設定有保障的效能、透過量、延遲等界限。一些特定形式的網路資料流需要定義服務質量，例如：
en: A defined quality of service may be desired or required for certain types of network traffic, for example:
qas: question: zh_tw: 各種網路資料流可能需要什麼？
en: What is a possible requirement for various network traffic?
answers: zh_tw: text: 定義服務質量
en: text: A defined quality of service
巴拉圭
Paraguay

context: zh_tw: 巴拉圭實行民主共和制，採行政、立法、司法三權分立，總統是國家元首及政府最高決策者，是由人民選舉產生，任期 5 年。國會由參議院及眾議院兩院組成，現有參議員 45 人、眾議員 80 人。
en: Paraguay is a representative democratic republic, with a multi-party system and separation of powers in three branches. Executive power is exercised solely by the President, who is head of state and head of government. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the National Congress. The judiciary is vested on tribunals and Courts of Civil Law and a nine-member Supreme Court of Justice, all of them independent of the executive and the legislature.
qas: question: zh_tw: 總統有什麼權利？
en: What two entities does the President head?
answers: zh_tw: text: 國家元首及政府最高決策者
en: text: head of state and head of government
伊斯蘭教末世論
Islamic eschatology

context: zh_tw: 伊斯蘭教的末世論和伊斯蘭教六大信仰有關。伊斯蘭教和其他的亞伯拉罕諸教一樣，都教導死後肉體復活、神創世的計劃以及人類靈魂不滅等教義；義人將獲得樂園（天堂）的歡樂，而惡人將在火獄（地獄）裡受罰。《古蘭經》有一部分（大約三分之一）即探討這些信仰，另外許多聖訓也對這些主題加以延伸詮釋。在什葉派裡，眾所皆知的菲特納（fitna，意味伊斯蘭教的內部紛爭）指的就是哈米吉多頓。
en: Islamic eschatology is the aspect of Islamic theology concerning ideas of life after death, matters of the soul, and the "Day of Judgement," known as Yawm al-Qiyāmah (Arabic: يوم القيامة‎, IPA: [jawmu‿l.qijaːma], "the Day of Resurrection") or Yawm ad-Dīn (يوم الدين, Arabic pronunciation: [jawmu‿d.diːn], "the Day of Judgment"). The Day of Judgement is characterized by the annihilation of all life, which will then be followed by the resurrection and judgment by God. It is not specified when al-Qiyamah will happen, but according to prophecy elaborated by hadith-literature, there are major and minor signs that will foretell its coming. Multiple verses in the Qur'an mention the Last Judgment.The main subject of Surat al-Qiyama is the resurrection. The Great Tribulation is described in the hadith and commentaries of the ulama, including al-Ghazali, Ibn Kathir, Ibn Majah, Muhammad al-Bukhari, and Ibn Khuzaymah. The Day of Judgment is also known as the Day of Reckoning, the Last Day, and the Hour (al-sā'ah).Unlike the Qur'an, the hadith contains several events, happening before the Day of Judgment, which are described as several minor signs and twelve major signs. During this period, terrible corruption and chaos would rule the earth, caused by the Masih ad-Dajjal (the Antichrist in Islam), then Jesus will appear, defeating the Dajjal and establish a period of peace, liberating the world from cruelty. These events will be followed by a time of serenity when people live according to religious values.Similar to other Abrahamic religions, Islam teaches that there will be a resurrection of the dead that will be followed by a final tribulation and eternal division of the righteous and wicked. Islamic apocalyptic literature describing Armageddon is often known as fitna, Al-Malhama Al-Kubra (The Great Massacre) or ghaybah in Shī'a Islam. The righteous are rewarded with the pleasures of Jannah (Paradise), while the unrighteous are punished in Jahannam (Hell).
qas: question: zh_tw: 死後肉體復活屬於哪個宗教？
en: To which religion does Yawm al-Qiyāmah aspect belong?
answers: zh_tw: text: 伊斯蘭教
en: text: Islamic
恆星際旅行
Interstellar travel

context: zh_tw: 恆星際旅行，是一個用來指在恆星或行星系統之間進行假想性的載人或無人太空旅行的名詞。恆星際旅行的難度是遠高於行星際航行的；太陽系以內的行星間的距離是不多於三十個天文單位的，而恆星間的距離卻往往是以百上千個天文單位計，而且很多時是以光年作單位。由於恆星間相隔遼遠，恆星際旅行速度需要達到光速的一個相當高的百份比，或者需要很長的旅行時間；要用上數十年至五十年，甚至更久。
en: Interstellar travel is the term used for crewed or uncrewed travel between stars or planetary systems. Interstellar travel will be much more difficult than interplanetary spaceflight; the distances between the planets in the Solar System are less than 30 astronomical units (AU)—whereas the distances between stars are typically hundreds of thousands of AU, and usually expressed in light-years. Because of the vastness of those distances, interstellar travel would require a high percentage of the speed of light; huge travel time, lasting from decades to millennia or longer.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一種要求更苛刻，恆星際旅行還是行星際旅行？
en: What will be more demanding, interstellar travel or interplanetary spaceflight?
answers: zh_tw: text: 恆星際旅行
en: text: Interstellar travel

question: zh_tw: 恆星際旅行在哪裡進行？
en: Where does interstellar travel happen?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在恆星或行星系統之間
en: text: between stars or planetary systems
雙城記
A Tale of Two Cities

context: zh_tw: 查爾斯・丹尼（Charles Darnay），厄弗裡蒙地侯爵 (Marquis of Evrémonde) 的姪子，愛上露西・曼奈特。
en: At the tribunal, Defarge identifies Darnay as the nephew of the dead Marquis St. Evrémonde and reads Dr Manette's letter. Defarge had learned Darnay's lineage from Solomon during the latter's visit to the wine shop several years earlier. The letter describes Dr Manette's imprisonment at the hands of Darnay's father and uncle for trying to report their crimes against a peasant family. Darnay's uncle had become infatuated with a girl, whom he had kidnapped and raped; despite Dr. Manette's attempt to save her, she died. The uncle killed her husband by working him to death, and her father died from a heart attack on being informed of what had happened. Before he died defending the family honour, the brother of the raped peasant had hidden the last member of the family, his younger sister. The Evrémonde brothers imprisoned Dr. Manette after he refused their offer of a bribe to keep quiet. He concludes his letter by condemning the Evrémondes, "them and their descendants, to the last of their race." Dr. Manette is horrified, but he is not allowed to retract his statement. Darnay is sent to the Conciergerie and sentenced to be guillotined the next day.
qas: question: zh_tw: Defrage 讀了誰的信件？
en: Defrage reads whose letter?
answers: zh_tw: text: 曼奈特
en: text: Dr Manette's
低俗小說
Pulp Fiction

context: zh_tw: 其畫面與構成成為後代作品中時常向其致敬或模仿之物件，使得多數評論家認為本片是後現代電影的一個最佳典範。片中因大量的黑色幽默風格而常被認為是「後經典黑色電影」。
en: Pulp Fiction has been widely regarded as Tarantino's masterpiece, with particular praise for its screenwriting. The self-reflexivity, unconventional structure, and extensive homage and pastiche have led critics to describe it as a touchstone of postmodern film. It is often considered a cultural watershed, influencing movies and other media that adopted elements of its style. In 2008, Entertainment Weekly named it the best film since 1983 and it has appeared on many critics' lists of the greatest films ever made. In 2013, Pulp Fiction was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
qas: question: zh_tw: 批評家把它描述成什麼？
en: Critics have described it as what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 後現代電影的一個最佳典範
en: text: a touchstone of postmodern film
問候
Greeting

context: zh_tw: 一些語言文化中，同一句話或手勢可作為問候以及告別。例：英語的 “Good day”、夏威夷語的 “Aloha”、希伯來語的 “Shalom” 印地語的 “Namaste”、義大利語的 “Ciao”。鞠躬和握手也用於問候以及辭別。
en: In some languages and cultures, the same word or gesture is used as both greeting and farewell.  Examples are "Good day" in English, "Sat Shri Akaal" in Punjabi, "As-Salamualaikum" in Arabic, "Aloha" in Hawaiian, "Shalom" in Hebrew, "Namaste" in Hindi and "Ciao" in Italian.  The bow and handshake are also used for both greeting and leave taking.
qas: question: zh_tw: 同一句話或手勢可以有哪兩種不同的意思？
en: A same word or gesture can mean what two things?
answers: zh_tw: text: 問候以及告別
en: text: greeting and farewell
約翰・亞當斯
John Adams

context: zh_tw: 作為政治活動家，亞當斯在早於美國革命即投身於（關於嫌疑犯）律師辯護權和無罪推定 的事業。 他曾對抗反英情緒，作為律師在波士頓慘案中為英國士兵辯護免於謀殺罪名的指控。亞當斯是大陸會議的馬薩諸塞代表，並且成為美國革命中最主要的領袖之一。他在 1776 年協助起草了《獨立宣言》，並且是在國會中該宣言的最早倡議者。作為在歐洲的外交官，他幫助美國同英國就和平條約磋商，並且促成重要的政府借款。亞當斯是馬薩諸塞 1780 年憲法的第一作者，正如他早年寫的《關於政府的思考》一樣，該憲法對美利堅聯邦憲法也產生了影響。
en: A lawyer and political activist prior to the revolution, Adams was devoted to the right to counsel and presumption of innocence. He defied anti-British sentiment and successfully defended British soldiers against murder charges arising from the Boston Massacre. Adams was a Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress and became a principal leader of the Revolution. He assisted in drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and was its foremost advocate in Congress. As a diplomat in Europe, he helped negotiate the peace treaty with Great Britain and secured vital governmental loans. Adams was the primary author of the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780, which influenced the United States' own constitution, as did his earlier Thoughts on Government.
qas: question: zh_tw: 亞當斯在什麼著名的大屠殺案中為士兵辯護免於謀殺指控？
en: What famous massacre did Adams defend soldiers against murder charges?
answers: zh_tw: text: 作為律師在波士頓慘案中為英國士兵辯護免於謀殺罪名的指控。
en: text: Boston Massacre
華氏 451 度
Fahrenheit 451

context: zh_tw: 在蒙塔格回家後，妻子正在和克拉拉・菲爾普斯看電視。厭倦了無聊的節目，蒙塔格關了機，試圖與閨蜜們做深度交流，但只是發現她們對即將臨近的戰爭、朋友的去世、家庭和政治毫無興趣。無聊之極，蒙塔格拿了本詩，這令閨蜜們感到詫異，並讓費伯感到警覺。他讀了詩篇 “多佛海灘”，令菲爾普斯夫人感動落淚。在費伯的請求下，蒙塔格焚燒了書籍。閨蜜離開，妻子則將自己關在廁所，吞食更多的安眠藥。
en: At home, Mildred's friends, Mrs. Bowles and Mrs. Phelps, arrive to watch the "parlor walls". Not interested in this insipid entertainment, Montag turns off the walls and tries to engage the women in meaningful conversation, only for them to reveal just how indifferent, ignorant, and callous they truly are. Enraged by their idiocy, Montag leaves momentarily and returns with a book of poetry. This confuses the women and alarms Faber, who is listening remotely. Mildred tries to dismiss Montag's actions as a tradition firemen act out once a year: they find an old book and read it as a way to make fun of how silly the past is. Montag proceeds to recite the poem Dover Beach, causing Mrs. Phelps to cry. At the behest of Faber in the ear-piece, Montag burns the book. Mildred's friends leave in disgust, while Mildred takes more sleeping pills.
qas: question: zh_tw: 蒙塔格讀詩時，誰落淚了？
en: Who cried when Montag recited the peom?
answers: zh_tw: text: 菲爾普斯夫人
en: text: Mrs. Phelps

context: zh_tw: 繆德莉・蒙塔格（Mildred "Millie" Montag）是蒙塔格的妻子，有著安眠藥上癮症。生活不離科技產品，耳中時常帶著無線收音機，每天都待在電視牆前，蒙塔格書中一直想把她帶離現況。
en: Mildred "Millie" Montag is Guy Montag's wife. She is addicted to sleeping pills, absorbed in the shallow dramas played on her "parlor walls" (flat-panel televisions), and indifferent to the oppressive society around her. She is described in the book as "thin as a praying mantis from dieting, her hair burnt by chemicals to a brittle straw, and her flesh like white bacon." Despite her husband's attempts to break her from the spell society has on her, Mildred continues to be shallow and indifferent. After Montag scares her friends away by reading Dover Beach, and finding herself unable to live with someone who has been hoarding books, Mildred betrays Montag by reporting him to the firemen and abandoning him, and dies when the city is bombed.
qas: question: zh_tw: 蓋伊・蒙塔格怎麼稱呼他的妻子？
en: What does Guy Montag call his wife?
answers: zh_tw: text: Millie
en: text: Millie
㺢㹢狓野生生物保護區

context: zh_tw: 㺢㹢狓野生生物保護區在 1997 年被列入瀕危世界遺產名錄中。保護區的主要威脅是由於刀耕火種的農業造成的森林開伐和動物的商業捕殺行為。採金對保護區的生態環境也同樣有損害。
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼造成了儲備問題？
en: What caused issues with the reserve?
answers: zh_tw: text: 採金

question: zh_tw: 1994 年，什麼被認為瀕危？
en: What was considered endangered in 1997?
answers: zh_tw: text: 㺢㹢狓野生生物保護區

context: zh_tw: 截止 2005 年，在國家東部進行的戰役向保護區內部轉移，造成區內工作人員的疏散和逃離。雖然當地姆巴提人和班圖人敬畏本地的森林和野生動物，然而移民湧入、剛果民主共和國政府缺乏相關的維護資金等因素，造成生態環境惡劣的情況發生。不過，該地區開展的生態旅遊，一定程度上增加了維護資金，提高了公眾意識。
qas: question: zh_tw: 保守主義者如何計劃保護該國的自然？
en: How do conservationist plan on preserving nature in the country?
answers: zh_tw: text: 生態旅遊

context: zh_tw: 正如保護區所取的名稱帶給人的直觀感受，該保護區內的㺢㹢狓很多，截至 1996 年，數量估計有 3900-6350 只。埃普盧河附近是埃普魯保護與研究中心的所在地，這一設施的建立時間可以追溯到 1928 年，是由美國人類學家帕特里・克普特南建立，當時作為一個捕獲站。其中野生的㺢㹢狓被他們抓獲，並送往美國和歐洲的一些動物園。現在這一設施有完全不同的作用，進行著許多重要的研究和保護工作。即便如此，現在很多的動物都已經轉移，只留下最少的數目，以確保圈養導致種群遺傳能力的下降。
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰是營地的建立者？
en: who was the founder of the camp?
answers: zh_tw: text: 帕特里・克普特南
尼加拉瓜手語

context: zh_tw: 1980 年，在馬那瓜又開設了另外一個學校，這是一所為馬那瓜地區的聾啞青少年所設的職業學校，名為 “自由村”（Villa Libertad）。到了 1983 年，兩所學校總共有聾啞學生 400 多名。起先，語言學習著重於西班牙語口語和唇讀法，老師使用手勢僅限於手指拼寫（用簡單的手勢比劃字母）。學習計劃成效不大，大多數學生不能領會單詞的含義。然而，孩子們一方面仍不能與老師進行語言交流，另一方面，操場、校園及上下學的公車卻為他們提供了廣闊的相互交流的空間。結合他們各自在家裡習慣用的手勢，一種類皮欽語的語言形式很快形成，接著又發展成為一種類克里奧爾語：孩子們在創造自己的語言。這一混雜語的 “第一階段” 被稱為尼加拉瓜手勢語（Lenguaje de Signos Nicaragüense，LSN），仍被一些入學時已經十幾歲的大孩子使用。
qas: question: zh_tw: 語言學習最初強調什麼？
en: What did the language initally emphasize?
answers: zh_tw: text: 西班牙語口語和唇讀法

question: zh_tw: 到 1983 年，有多少交易專業的學生入學？
en: How many deal students were enrolled by 1983?
answers: zh_tw: text: 400

question: zh_tw: LSN 代表什麼？
en: What does LSN stand for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 尼加拉瓜手勢語

context: zh_tw: 學校的老師沒有意識到這一新的語言的發展，他們把孩子們的手勢當作是在演啞劇，認為他們沒能學會西班牙語。他們看不懂孩子們相互在說些什麼，於是向外界求助。1986 年六月，尼加拉瓜教育部與美國東北大學的美國手語學家朱迪・凱格爾取得聯絡。當凱格爾及其他研究人員開始對這一語言進行研究時，他們注意到大孩子的類混雜語傳到更年幼的小孩子那裡，其複雜性更上了一個等級，有了動詞呼應及其它一些語法習慣。這一更為複雜的手語就是現在所說的尼加拉瓜手語（ISN）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 凱格爾和在尼加拉瓜的研究是什麼？
en: What were Kegl and researching in Nicaragua?
answers: zh_tw: text: 語言

context: zh_tw: 1990 年以來，還有一些研究人員（包括 Ann Senghas、Marie Coppola、Richard Senghas、Laura Polich 等）開始研究、描述這個語言的形成和目前的使用社群。雖然他們對於這個語言的形成和發展都有各自不同的理解，但是他們都一致認為，這個現象是語言形成問題上有史以來最豐富的資料來源。
qas: question: zh_tw: 這一現象因什麼而出名？
en: what is the phenomenon best known for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 語言形成問題上有史以來最豐富的資料來源

context: zh_tw: 從她於 1986 年開始進行研究到 ISN 完全形成期間，Kegl 刻意沒有讓尼加拉瓜的聾啞人接觸她本人熟悉的手語，包括美國手語。近幾十年來，在世界各地都有一種 “語言的帝國主義”：美國手語被不斷地介紹給其他國家的聾啞人，有時會取代當地已經存在的手語。Kegl 的宗旨就是：研究並記錄社團的語言，而不是改變它。Kegl 同時也沒有妨礙尼加拉瓜聾啞人接觸其他手語，並且紀錄了其他手語自 1990 年代開始如何影響 ISN。
qas: question: zh_tw: 他的研究在哪裡開始？
en: where did her research begin?
answers: zh_tw: text: 尼加拉瓜
爭取文化與民主聯盟
Rally for Culture and Democracy

context: zh_tw: 現任黨主席是賽伊德・薩迪，1995 年曾參選總統，並獲得 9,3% 的選票。1997 年，該黨在議會 390 個席位中佔 18 席。該黨還抵制了 2002 年大選。賽伊德・薩迪在 2004 年總統選舉中得票 1.9%。該黨在 2007 年大選中得到 19 個席位。
en: In 1997, the party won 19 of 390 seats. The RCD boycotted the 2002 elections. Saïd Sadi was a candidate again in the 2004 presidential election and won 1.9 percent of the vote. The party participated in the 2007 legislative elections, winning 3.36% of the vote and 19 seats.
qas: question: zh_tw: 聯合抵制 2002 年選舉後，該黨要在哪一年重新參加選舉？
en: Which year did the party participate in election again after the boycott of 2002 elections?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2004
en: text: 2004
巖堡市 (華盛頓州)
Castle Rock, Washington

context: zh_tw: 巖堡市（英文：Castle Rock，又譯城堡石），是美國華盛頓州考利茨縣下屬的一座城市。位於威拉帕丘陵和聖海倫火山西邊山腳的中間。巖堡市是華盛頓州在太平洋溫帶雨林伐木業的中心。巖堡市是長景市都會統計區的一部分。根據 2000 年美國人口普查，該市有人口 2,130 人。根據 2010 年美國人口普查，該市有人口 1,982 人。而 2011 年估計該市有 1,983 人。
en: As of the census of 2000, there were 2,130 people, 833 households, and 562 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,597.3 people per square mile (618.3/km2). There were 890 housing units at an average density of 667.4 per square mile (258.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.19% White, 0.23% African American, 2.02% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.38% Pacific Islander, 1.64% from other races, and 2.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.33% of the population. 18.7% were of American, 18.3% German, 12.9% English, 6.9% Irish and 6.1% Norwegian ancestry. 96.5% spoke English, and 3.0% Spanish as their first language.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這個城市在 2000 年的人口是多少？
en: What was the population of this city in 2000?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2,130 人
en: text: 2,130 people
JavaOne

context: zh_tw: JavaOne 是一個由昇陽提出的週年性（自 1996 年起）研討會，用以討論 Java 技術，與會者主要為 Java 開發人員。JavaOne 於加州舊金山的莫斯康中心舉行，時間通常在 4 至 7 月之間，一般為星期日至星期五。不同主題的技術講座會在白天舉行，晚間會在莫斯康中心與鄰近的酒店舉行 Birds of a Feather (BOF) 講座。BOF 講座讓人們可集中於 Java 技術的某一特定方面。
qas: question: zh_tw: 在哪裡舉行關於 Java 的會議？
en: Where was the meeting for java at?
answers: zh_tw: text: 加州舊金山

context: zh_tw: 1999 年的 JavaOne 舉行了一個名為 Hackathon 的活動。該活動是一個由 John Gage 設立的挑戰，參與者需以 Java 為新的 Palm V 編寫使用紅外埠與其他 Palm 使用者通訊的程式並將其登記到網際網路上。
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼用於編碼程式？
en: What is used for coding programs?
answers: zh_tw: text: 參與者需以 Java 為新的 Palm V 編寫使用紅外埠與其他 Palm 使用者通訊的程式並將其登記到網際網路上。
毫米波段氣球觀天計畫
BOOMERanG experiment

context: zh_tw: 這個實驗使用的儀器是輻射熱測量器 來檢測輻射。這些輻射熱測量器被維持在絕對溫度 0.27K，依據德拜定律在這種溫度下物體的熱容量是非常低的，因此在對比之下，接踵而來的微波能導致明顯的溫度變化，其強度變化足以讓敏感的溫度計明確的偵測出來。
en: The experiment uses bolometers for  radiation detection. These bolometers are kept at a temperature of 0.27 kelvin. At this temperature the material has a very low heat capacity according to the Debye law, thus incoming microwave light will cause a large temperature change, proportional to the intensity of the incoming waves, which is measured with sensitive thermometers.
qas: question: zh_tw: 輻射熱測量器有什麼用途？
en: What are bolometers used for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 檢測輻射
en: text: radiation detection

question: zh_tw: 溫度符合哪種定律？
en: What law is the temperature accorded to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 德拜定律
en: text: Debye law,
瑪麗・居里

context: zh_tw: 瑪麗亞・斯克沃多夫斯卡，1867 年 11 月 7 日生於俄羅斯波蘭領地華沙，是布朗斯拉娃・博古什卡和瓦迪斯瓦夫・斯克沃斯基第五個孩子，年紀最小。父母均為著名教師，四個姊姊和哥哥依次為索菲亞（1862 年生）、約瑟夫（1863 年）、布洛尼亞（1865 年）和海倫娜（1866 年）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 瑪麗亞・斯克沃多夫斯卡在家中最年長還是最小？
en: Was Maria Sklodowska the oldest or youngest child in her family?
answers: zh_tw: text: 年紀最小

context: zh_tw: 瑪麗亞的祖父約瑟夫・斯克沃斯基是盧布林一位受人尊敬的教師，波蘭文學家博萊斯瓦夫・普魯斯小時候就是他的學生。父親瓦迪斯瓦夫・斯克沃斯基是數學和物理老師，也是華沙兩間男子文理中學的董事。俄羅斯當局取消波蘭學校的實驗教學後，他就把大量實驗裝置帶回家教孩子們用。
qas: question: zh_tw: 瑪麗亞的祖父是誰？
en: Who was the grandfather of Maria?
answers: zh_tw: text: 約瑟夫・斯克沃斯基

context: zh_tw: 她運用 15 年前她的丈夫和他的兄弟開發出用來測量電荷的一種新的驗電器來研究實驗樣品。運用皮埃爾的驗電器，她發現鈾射線能讓樣品周圍的空氣導電。利用該技術，她得出首個研究結論，鈾化合物的活性僅取決於其數量。她推測，輻射不是分子間某種相互作用造成的，而是來自原子本身。這一假說是否定自古流傳的原子不可分割論的重要一步。
qas: question: zh_tw: 居里首次使用靜電計的發現是什麼？
en: Curie's first finding using an electrometer was what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 鈾化合物的活性僅取決於其數量

context: zh_tw: 1911 年，瑞典皇家科學院於第二次授予她諾貝爾獎，她的研究工作獲得的國際認可達到新的高度，這次獲得的是諾貝爾化學獎，旨在表彰她 “發現了鐳和釙元素，提純鐳並研究了這種引人注目的元素的性質及其化合物”。她是贏得或共享兩次諾貝爾獎的第一人，只有她跟萊納斯・鮑林是獲得雙重領域諾貝爾獎的人。一支由小說家亨利克・顯克微支率領的波蘭學者代表團，鼓勵她回到祖國波蘭繼續她的科學事業。居里的第二個諾貝爾獎，使得她能說服法國政府支援建立鐳學研究所，研究所於 1914 年建成，研究領域涉及化學、物理、醫學等學科。接受 1911 年諾貝爾獎一個月後，她因抑鬱症和腎病住院。1912 年大多數時間，她避開公眾生活，跟物理學家朋友赫莎・馬克斯・艾爾頓待在英國。1912 年 12 月，居里夫人才返回實驗室，這時她已經中斷研究工作 14 個月了。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪位科學家像居里夫人一樣獲得雙重領域諾貝爾獎？
en: Which scientist won the  Nobel in two fields just like madam curie?
answers: zh_tw: text: 萊納斯・鮑林
仙女座星系的衛星星系

context: zh_tw: 在 2006 年的 1 月 11 日，天文學家宣佈在仙女座星系的一個昏暗的衛星星系，橫亙在仙女座星系中心微弱的盤面之中。在現在的星系形成理論模型中，這是意想不到的發現。這些衛星星系的平面指向另一個鄰近的星系集團－M81 星系團，或許可以追蹤到暗物質的大尺度分佈。
qas: question: zh_tw: 星系集團可能追蹤到什麼樣的物質？
en: What kind of matter did the galaxy point possibly trace?
answers: zh_tw: text: 暗物質

context: zh_tw: 右圖是來自 NASA 史匹哲太空望遠鏡的新影像，顯示出仙女座大星系曾有過狂野的過去。影象顯示仙女座大星系的一個衛星星系橢圓星系 M32 曾在數百萬年前毀滅性的穿過仙女座大星系的螺旋臂。天文學家制做了一張紅外線的圖片，顯示出仙女座大星系的兩條螺旋臂和凸出的恆星－形成圓環和分離的結構。影象也顯示圓環似乎分裂成弧並形成空洞。天文學家相信這個洞是 M32 猛烈轟擊仙女座大星系的星系盤面造成的。
qas: question: zh_tw: NASA 望遠鏡的名字是什麼？
en: What is the name of the Nasa's Telescope ?
answers: zh_tw: text: 史匹哲太空望遠鏡
族群刻板印象
Ethnic and national stereotypes

context: zh_tw: 族群刻板印象，也就是所謂的民族性，是一種對某個特定族群或國家其成員的普遍特性的一種信念，這種信念可以涉及這些族群或國家成員的地位、社會或文化的常軌等等。也就是認為某個族群或國家的人都有某種特質、性格或傾向的這種信念。
en: An ethnic stereotype (national stereotype, or national character) is a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group or nationality, their status, society and cultural norms.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼是民族成見的另一個術語，除了民族成見以外？
en: What is another term for an ethnic stereotype, other than a national stereotype?
answers: zh_tw: text: 民族性
en: text: national character