艾伯特親王
Albert, Prince Consort

context: zh_tw: 艾伯特親王 （英語：Albert, Prince Consort，1819 年 8 月 26 日－1861 年 12 月 14 日），全名弗朗西斯・艾伯特・奧古斯塔斯・查爾斯・埃曼紐爾（Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel），最初被稱為薩克森 - 科堡 - 哥達的艾伯特王子，是英國維多利亞女王的表弟和丈夫。與女王成婚後，長期被稱為 “艾伯特親王殿下”（HRH Prince Albert），1857 年女王欽賜王夫（Prince Consort）稱號，也是英國曆史上唯一獲封王夫位號的君主配偶。
en: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel; 26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861) was the husband of Queen Victoria.
qas: question: zh_tw: 阿爾伯特王子在哪一年去世？
en: In what year did Prince albert die?
answers: zh_tw: text: Consort，1819 年 8 月 26 日－1861 年 12 月 14 日），全名弗朗西斯・艾伯特・奧古斯塔斯・查爾斯・埃曼紐爾（Francis
en: text: 1861

context: zh_tw: 1841 年大選以後，羅伯特・皮爾爵士取代墨爾本成為英國首相。羅伯特支援艾伯特出任威斯敏斯特宮復建工程皇家委員會的主席。1834 年 10 月，威斯敏斯特宮被大火焚燬。時隔七年後，該宮殿開始重建工程。為贊助併購買工程所用的裝飾繪畫和雕塑，皇家委員會在這種情況下成立，並以此促進英倫藝術的精品。委員會的工作十分細緩，作為工程建築師的查爾斯・巴里採納了委員們的許多建議，包括建築工程中結構性的一部分，即採用豪華傢俱來裝飾房屋。艾伯特在個人收藏和贊助者方面頗有成就。在他的著名藏品中就有早期的日耳曼和義大利油畫，例如老盧卡斯・克拉納赫的阿波羅和戴安娜，以及弗拉・安傑利科的殉難者聖彼得。此外，還有來自弗朗茲・克薩韋爾・溫特哈爾和艾德溫・亨利・蘭西爾的當代畫作。來自德累斯頓的路德維希・格魯納博士從中幫助艾伯特親王選購了一批高質量的作品。
en: The position in which the prince was placed by his marriage, while one of distinction, also offered considerable difficulties; in Albert's own words, "I am very happy and contented; but the difficulty in filling my place with the proper dignity is that I am only the husband, not the master in the house." The Queen's household was run by her former governess, Baroness Lehzen. Albert referred to her as the "House Dragon", and manoeuvred to dislodge the Baroness from her position.Within two months of the marriage, Victoria was pregnant. Albert started to take on public roles; he became President of the Society for the Extinction of Slavery (which was still legal in the southern United States and the colonies of France); and helped Victoria privately with her government paperwork.In June 1840, while on a public carriage ride, Albert and the pregnant Victoria were shot at by Edward Oxford, who was later judged insane. Neither Albert nor Victoria was hurt and Albert was praised in the newspapers for his courage and coolness during the attack. Albert was gaining public support as well as political influence, which showed itself practically when, in August, Parliament passed the Regency Act 1840 to designate him regent in the event of Victoria's death before their child reached the age of majority. Their first child, Victoria, named after her mother, was born in November. Eight other children would follow over the next seventeen years. All nine children survived to adulthood, which was remarkable for the era and which biographer Hermione Hobhouse credited to Albert's "enlightened influence" on the healthy running of the nursery. In early 1841, he successfully removed the nursery from Lehzen's pervasive control, and in September 1842, Lehzen left Britain permanently—much to Albert's relief.After the 1841 general election, Melbourne was replaced as Prime Minister by Sir Robert Peel, who appointed Albert as chairman of the Royal Commission in charge of redecorating the new Palace of Westminster. The Palace had burned down seven years before, and was being rebuilt. As a patron and purchaser of pictures and sculpture, the commission was set up to promote the fine arts in Britain. The commission's work was slow, and the architect, Charles Barry, took many decisions out of the commissioners' hands by decorating rooms with ornate furnishings that were treated as part of the architecture. Albert was more successful as a private patron and collector. Among his notable purchases were early German and Italian paintings—such as Lucas Cranach the Elder's Apollo and Diana and Fra Angelico's St Peter Martyr—and contemporary pieces from Franz Xaver Winterhalter and Edwin Landseer. Ludwig Gruner, of Dresden, assisted Albert in buying pictures of the highest quality.Albert and Victoria were shot at again on both 29 and 30 May 1842, but were unhurt. The culprit, John Francis, was detained and condemned to death, although he was later reprieved. Some of their early unpopularity came about because of their stiffness and adherence to protocol in public, though in private the couple were more easy-going. In early 1844, Victoria and Albert were apart for the first time since their marriage when he returned to Coburg on the death of his father.
qas: question: zh_tw: 威斯敏斯特宮在重建前被燒燬了多長時間？
en: How long was the palace of Westminster burned down before it was rebuild
answers: zh_tw: text: 七年
en: text: seven years

context: zh_tw: 在他死後，關於他的傳記陸續出版，但多為充滿褒揚之詞。由維多利亞女王授權和監督下，西奧多・馬丁撰寫成五卷鉅著，其中很明顯的可以見到女王施加的影響，但這也是最詳盡地描述艾伯特生平的傳記。林頓・斯特來徹於 1921 年撰寫的《維多利亞女王傳》則更具批判性，但其中一些被二十世紀中期的一些傳記作家，諸如羅傑・富爾福德和赫克特・波里索透過女王的日記和信件等證實了《維多利亞女王傳》的一些內容並不足信。例如普遍認為是由艾伯特親王將聖誕樹引入英國，然而發現證明了這是一種謠傳。最近一些傳記作家，例如斯坦利・溫特勞博，將艾伯特親王塑造成一個英年早逝，並被愛人懷念一生的一個悲劇式的人物。2009 年電影《年輕的維多利亞》中，由魯伯特・弗裡德飾演的艾伯特親王則被塑造成一個英雄人物。電影中有片段描述了 1840 年那次槍擊，艾伯特為此擋下一顆子彈，但事實中，他並沒有在事故中受傷。
en: The Queen's grief was overwhelming, and the tepid feelings the public had felt previously for Albert were replaced by sympathy. The widowed Victoria never recovered from Albert's death; she entered into a deep state of mourning and wore black for the rest of her life. Albert's rooms in all his houses were kept as they had been, even with hot water brought in the morning and linen and towels changed daily. Such practices were not uncommon in the houses of the very rich. Victoria withdrew from public life and her seclusion eroded some of Albert's work in attempting to re-model the monarchy as a national institution setting a moral, if not political, example. Albert is credited with introducing the principle that the British royal family should remain above politics. Before his marriage to Victoria, she supported the Whigs; for example, early in her reign Victoria managed to thwart the formation of a Tory government by Sir Robert Peel by refusing to accept substitutions which Peel wanted to make among her ladies-in-waiting.Albert's body was temporarily entombed in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. A year after his death his remains were deposited at Frogmore Mausoleum, which remained incomplete until 1871. The sarcophagus, in which both he and the Queen were eventually laid, was carved from the largest block of granite that had ever been quarried in Britain. Despite Albert's request that no effigies of him should be raised, many public monuments were erected all over the country and across the British Empire. The most notable are the Royal Albert Hall and the Albert Memorial in London. The plethora of memorials erected to Albert became so great that Charles Dickens told a friend that he sought an "inaccessible cave" to escape from them.Places and objects named after Albert range from Lake Albert in Africa to the city of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, to the Albert Medal presented by the Royal Society of Arts. Four regiments of the British Army were named after him: 11th (Prince Albert's Own) Hussars; Prince Albert's Light Infantry; Prince Albert's Own Leicestershire Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry, and The Prince Consort's Own Rifle Brigade. He and Queen Victoria showed a keen interest in the establishment and development of Aldershot in Hampshire as a garrison town in the 1850s. They had a wooden Royal Pavilion built there in which they would often stay when attending reviews of the army. Albert established and endowed the Prince Consort's Library at Aldershot, which still exists today.Biographies published after his death were typically heavy on eulogy. Theodore Martin's five-volume magnum opus was authorised and supervised by Queen Victoria, and her influence shows in its pages. Nevertheless, it is an accurate and exhaustive account. Lytton Strachey's Queen Victoria (1921) was more critical, but it was discredited in part by mid-twentieth-century biographers such as Hector Bolitho and Roger Fulford, who (unlike Strachey) had access to Victoria's journal and letters. Popular myths about Prince Albert—such as the claim that he introduced Christmas trees to Britain—are dismissed by scholars. Recent biographers such as Stanley Weintraub portray Albert as a figure in a tragic romance who died too soon and was mourned by his lover for a lifetime. In the 2009 movie The Young Victoria, Albert, played by Rupert Friend, is made into an heroic character; in the fictionalised depiction of the 1840 shooting, he is struck by a bullet—something that did not happen in real life.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰監督並授權西奧多・馬丁撰寫五卷巨著？
en: Who watched over and gave approval to Theodore Martin's five-volume magnum opus?
answers: zh_tw: text: 維多利亞女王
en: text: Queen Victoria