zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
錫亞琴冰川
Siachen Glacier

context: zh_tw: 錫亞琴冰川（印地語：सियाचेन；烏爾都語：سیاچین‎‎；英語：Siachen Glacier），位於喀喇崑崙山脈南端的巴控克什米爾、印控克什米爾和中國新疆之間的一處冰川，高度從印控一側的海拔 5,375 米延伸至中國境內的 3,620 米。
en: The Siachen Glacier is a glacier located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas at about 35.421226°N 77.109540°E﻿ / 35.421226; 77.109540, just northeast of the point NJ9842 where the Line of Control between India and Pakistan ends. At 76 km (47 mi) long, it is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas. It falls from an altitude of 5,753 m (18,875 ft) above sea level at its head at Indira Col on the China border down to 3,620 m (11,875 ft) at its terminus. The entire Siachen Glacier, with all major passes, is currently under the administration of India since 1984. Pakistan controls the region west of Saltoro Ridge,  far away from the glacier, with Pakistani posts located 3,000 ft below more than 100 Indian posts on Saltoro Ridge.The Siachen Glacier lies immediately south of the great drainage divide that separates the Eurasian Plate from the Indian subcontinent in the extensively glaciated portion of the Karakoram sometimes called the "Third Pole". The glacier lies between the Saltoro Ridge immediately to the west and the main Karakoram range to the east. The Saltoro Ridge originates in the north from the Sia Kangri peak on the China border in the Karakoram range. The crest of the Saltoro Ridge's altitudes range from 5,450 to 7,720 m (17,880 to 25,330 feet). The major passes on this ridge are, from north to south, Sia La at 5,589 m (18,336 ft), Bilafond La at 5,450 m (17,880 ft), and Gyong La at 5,689 m (18,665 ft). The average winter snowfall is more than 1000 cm (35 ft) and temperatures can dip to −50 °C (−58 °F). Including all tributary glaciers, the Siachen Glacier system covers about 700 km2 (270 sq mi).
qas: question: zh_tw: 它的海拔是多少？
en: What is its altitude?
answers: zh_tw: text: 5,375 米
en: text: 5,753 m
查克拉瓦爾蒂・拉賈戈巴拉查理
C. Rajagopalachari

context: zh_tw: 查克拉瓦爾蒂・拉賈戈巴拉查理（泰米爾文：சக்ரவர்தி ராஜகோபாலாச்சாரி，Chakravarti Rajagopalachari，1878 年 12 月 10 日－1972 年 12 月 25 日）律師、作家、政治家、印度教降神師。他是印度獨立後唯一的印度人總督，後任馬達拉斯首席部長（泰米爾納德邦）。
en: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972), informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer, historian and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India, as India soon became a Republic in 1950. Furthermore, he was the first Indian-born governor-general, since before him the posts were held by British nationals. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state.  Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. He vehemently opposed the use of nuclear weapons and was a proponent of world peace and disarmament. During his lifetime, he also acquired the nickname 'Mango of Krishnagiri'.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在印度政治中誰被稱為拉賈吉？
en: Who is known as Rajaji in india politics?
answers: zh_tw: text: ராஜகோபாலாச்சாரி，Chakravarti Rajagopalachari，1878 年 12 月 10 日－1972 年 12 月 25 日）律師、作家、政治家、印度教降神師。
en: text: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
黑暗騎士：黎明昇起
The Dark Knight Rises

context: zh_tw: 電影的首映禮於 2012 年 7 月 16 日在紐約市舉行。7 月 19 日在臺灣、香港、澳大利亞和紐西蘭上映，7 月 20 日於美國及英國發行。該片收穫普遍影評人的肯定，其中許多人將其譽為 2012 年最佳電影之一。如同電影的前作，《蝙蝠俠：黑暗騎士崛起》於全球進帳逾 10 億美元，使其成為蝙蝠俠系列電影中第二賣座的作品。該片在全球歷史票房總榜上名列第 27 名，同時亦於 2012 年的票房排行上名列第三。電影首映當天，在美國科羅拉多州奧羅拉的一家正放映該片的電影院內發生嚴重槍擊案件，造成 12 人死亡，58 人受傷。
en: On July 6, 2012, Warner Bros. held a special IMAX screening of The Dark Knight Rises for more than one hundred reporters and critics. However, technical issues with the computer device synchronizing the sound and picture forced the studio to postpone the screening by a day. The film later premiered on July 16 at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater in New York City, New York, followed by a European premiere on July 18 at Leicester Square in London, England. The film was released in Australia and New Zealand on July 19, and was later released in North America and the United Kingdom on July 20.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這裡討論了哪一種媒體？
en: What type of media is discussed here?
answers: zh_tw: text: 電影
en: text: film
雷神 (電影)
Thor (film)

context: zh_tw: 2011 年 7 月，漫威工作室與派拉蒙影業宣佈，《雷神索爾》的 DVD、藍光光碟和藍光 3D 光碟將於同年 9 月 13 日由派拉蒙家庭媒體發行公司推出，含三種套裝：單碟 DVD、藍光雙片裝，以及 DVD / 藍光光碟 / 藍光 3D 光碟三片裝。所有套裝都附有 20 分鐘多的刪減片段和「邁向《復仇者聯盟》之路」等特別收錄。另外，藍光雙片裝和三片裝額外附有數位下載功能、漫威短片《神盾顧問》（The Consultant）和七段幕後花絮。在上市首周，《雷神索爾》的 DVD 和藍光光碟在銷售榜上排名冠軍，並在《家庭媒體雜誌》列出的出租榜上名列前茅。《雷神索爾》也收錄在《漫威電影宇宙 —— 第一階段：復仇者集結》（Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase One – Avengers Assembled）10 碟套裝中。該套裝收錄了所有漫威電影宇宙第一階段的電影，由華特迪士尼家庭娛樂於 2013 年 4 月 2 日釋出
en: In July 2011, Marvel Studios and Paramount Pictures announced the release of Thor on Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray Disc and DVD. The discs were released by Paramount Home Media Distribution on September 13, 2011 in three editions: a single-disc DVD, a 2-disc Blu-ray-DVD combo pack, and a 3-disc Blu-ray/DVD/3D combo pack. All sets come with deleted scenes and a "Road to The Avengers featurette. The 2-disc and 3-disc packs includes a digital copy, the first in a series of Marvel One-Shots, The Consultant, and 7 behind-the-scenes featurettes.Branagh said that the DVD includes at least 20 minutes of deleted scenes. Branagh stated the footage contains "things like the Asgardian parents, Odin and Frigga, played by the beautiful Rene Russo, there's some beautiful scenes in there that I think people will enjoy. And certainly Thor and Loki interacting in different ways that just fill in a little bit of a back story, that was part of our rehearsal and research." In its first week of release, Thor took the number one spot on Blu-ray/DVD sales chart and topped Home Media Magazine's rental chart for the week.The film was also collected in a 10-disc box set titled "Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase One – Avengers Assembled" which includes all of the Phase One films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on April 2, 2013.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼時候派拉蒙家庭傳媒在藍光光碟上釋出雷神？
en: when did paramount home media release Thor on Blu-ray Disc?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2011 年 7 月，漫威工作室與派拉蒙影業宣佈，《雷神索爾》的 DVD、藍光光碟和藍光 3D 光碟將於同年 9 月 13 日由派拉蒙家庭媒體發行公司推出，含三種套裝：單碟 DVD、藍光雙片裝，以及 DVD
en: text: September 13, 2011
奧林匹克運動會列支敦斯登代表團
Liechtenstein at the Olympics

context: zh_tw: 列支敦斯登參賽者共獲得 9 面獎牌，並且都在高山滑雪。也是至 2016 年夏季奧林匹克運動會為止唯一一個獲得冬季奧運獎牌卻沒有獲得夏季奧運獎牌的國家。連同帕拉林匹克運動會也是至 2016 年夏季帕拉林匹克運動會為止唯一一個獲得冬季賽事卻未獲得夏季賽事的代表團列支敦斯登奧林匹克體育協會成立於 1935 年。
en: Liechtenstein is the smallest country in the world by both area and population to have won Olympic medals. Athletes from Liechtenstein have won a total of ten medals, all in alpine skiing. It is the only country to have won medals at the Winter, but not Summer, Olympic Games. Liechtenstein has the most medals per capita of any country, with nearly one medal for every 3,600 inhabitants. Seven of its ten medals have been won by members of the same family: siblings Hanni and Andreas Wenzel, and Hanni's daughter Tina Weirather. Further, the brothers Willi and Paul Frommelt have won two of the other three; only Ursula Konzett has medaled for her country without being related to Wenzels or Frommelts.
qas: question: zh_tw: 該國在哪類奧運贏了？
en: What type of Games did the country win?
answers: zh_tw: text: 冬季
en: text: Winter
巨型動物群
Megafauna

context: zh_tw: 若以巨大的哺乳動物及鳥類來看巨型動物群，牠們一般都是 K 策略種：壽命較長、群落髮展較慢、低死亡率及很少或沒有天敵。這種特徵卻令牠們對人類的過度開發特別脆弱。
en: Megafauna – in the sense of the largest mammals and birds – are generally K-strategists, with high longevity, slow population growth rates, low mortality rates, and (at least for the largest) few or no natural predators capable of killing adults. These characteristics, although not exclusive to such megafauna, make them vulnerable to human overexploitation, in part because of their slow population recovery rates.
qas: question: zh_tw: 如何描述長壽？
en: How is the longevity described?
answers: zh_tw: text: 壽命較長
en: text: high
伊拉克國家博物館
National Museum of Iraq

context: zh_tw: 由於擁有美索不達米亞文明的遺物和珍品，其收藏是世界上最重要的收藏之一。英國和博物館（及伊拉克）之間的連繫代表了展覽會必定會用英語和阿拉伯語介紹展品。博物館把有超過 5000 年悠久歷史的美索不達米亞文明所留下來的而又重要的手工藝品分佈在 28 間展覽室和地下室供遊人參觀。
en: Due to the archaeological riches of Mesopotamia, its collections are considered to be among the most important in the world and has a fine record of scholarship and display. The British connection with the museum — and with Iraq — has resulted in exhibits always being displayed bilingually, in both English and Arabic.  It contains important artifacts from the over 5,000-year-long history of Mesopotamia in 28 galleries and vaults.
qas: question: zh_tw: 展品介紹以什麼語言？\n
en: What languages are exhibits displayed in?
answers: zh_tw: text: 英語和阿拉伯語
en: text: English and Arabic
軟體需求說明
Software requirements specification

context: zh_tw: 軟體需求說明是軟體系統需求的規格化說明，是對將要開發系統的行為的說明。它包括功能性需求及非功能性需求，非功能性需求對設計和實現提出了限制，比如效能要求，質量標準，或者設計限制。
en: A software requirements specification (SRS) is a description of a software system to be  developed. It is modeled after business requirements specification (CONOPS), also known as a stakeholder requirements specification (StRS). The software requirements specification lays out functional and non-functional requirements, and it may include a set of use cases that describe user interactions that the software must provide to the user for perfect interaction.
qas: question: zh_tw: SRS 在軟體系統方面代表什麼？
en: What does SRS stand for in terms of software system?
answers: zh_tw: text: 軟體需求說明
en: text: software requirements specification
氧
Oxygen

context: zh_tw: 呼吸的主要目的是從空氣中吸取氧氣。在醫療上，病人吸入額外的氧氣，不但能增加其血氧量，還能降低許多種病態肺組織對血流的阻力，減輕心臟的負荷。氧療可應用於慢性阻塞性肺病、肺炎、某些心臟疾病（充血性心臟衰竭）、某些導致肺動脈血壓增高的疾病等等，以及任何使身體吸入及使用氧氣能力降低的疾病。氧氣療法有較大的靈活性，可用於醫院及病人家中，甚至還有越來越多的行動式醫用氧氣裝置。曾經常見的氧氣帳篷，現已大多被氧氣面罩和鼻插管所取代。高壓氧治療利用高壓氧艙增加氧氣分壓，治療艙內的病人，可用於治療一氧化碳中毒、氣性壞疽及減壓症等。增加肺內的氧氣濃度有助於從血紅蛋白的血基質上移除一氧化碳。較高的氧氣分壓能夠毒死造成氣性壞疽的厭氧菌。當潛水員上升過快，環境壓力迅速降低時，血液裡會形成由氮和氦等氣體所組成的氣泡。若儘早增加氧氣壓力，可使這些氣泡重新溶解於血液之中，多餘的氣體從而經肺部自然撥出。
en: Uptake of O2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration, so oxygen supplementation is used in medicine. Treatment not only increases oxygen levels in the patient's blood, but has the secondary effect of decreasing resistance to blood flow in many types of diseased lungs, easing work load on the heart. Oxygen therapy is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, some heart disorders (congestive heart failure), some disorders that cause increased pulmonary artery pressure, and any disease that impairs the body's ability to take up and use gaseous oxygen.Treatments are flexible enough to be used in hospitals, the patient's home, or increasingly by portable devices. Oxygen tents were once commonly used in oxygen supplementation, but have since been replaced mostly by the use of oxygen masks or nasal cannulas.Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O2 around the patient and, when needed, the medical staff. Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness (the 'bends') are sometimes addressed with this therapy. Increased O2 concentration in the lungs helps to displace carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin. Oxygen gas is poisonous to the anaerobic bacteria that cause gas gangrene, so increasing its partial pressure helps kill them. Decompression sickness occurs in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive, resulting in bubbles of inert gas, mostly nitrogen and helium, forming in the blood. Increasing the pressure of O2 as soon as possible helps to redissolve the bubbles back into the blood so that these excess gasses can be exhaled naturally through the lungs.
qas: question: zh_tw: 該治療如何減輕心臟的負荷？
en: How does the treatment ease the workload on the heart?
answers: zh_tw: text: 降低許多種病態肺組織對血流的阻力
en: text: decreasing resistance to blood flow in many types of diseased lungs
瑪麗蓮・曼森
Marilyn Manson

context: zh_tw: 1989 年，瑪麗蓮・曼森在佛羅里達州組織 Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids 樂隊（他在 1992 年把樂隊名稱簡化為現行的 Marilyn Manson）。1993 年夏季，他領導的樂隊引來九寸釘樂隊主音特倫特・雷茲諾注意。 1994 年，特倫特・雷茲諾製作瑪麗蓮・曼森樂隊的首張專輯《Portrait of an American Family》，由 Nothing Records 發行。1995 年，樂隊發行第二張專輯 ——EP 混音專輯《Smells Like Children》，其中歌曲《Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)》的音樂錄影帶大紅。
en: In 1993, the band drew the attention of Trent Reznor. Reznor produced their 1994 debut album, Portrait of an American Family and released it on his Nothing Records label. The band began to develop a cult following, which grew larger on the Downward Spiral Tour that featured Nine Inch Nails and Jim Rose Circus along with the release of Smells Like Children in 1995. That EP yielded the band's first big MTV hit with "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)", a cover of the 1983 Eurythmics hit. Antichrist Superstar (co-produced by Trent Reznor) was an even greater success.In the U.S. alone, three of the band's albums have been awarded two platinum and three more went gold, and the band has had seven releases debut in the top ten, including two number-one albums. Manson first worked as a producer with the band Jack Off Jill. He helped name the band and produced most of the band's early recordings, and also played guitar on the song "My Cat" and had the band open most of his South Florida shows. Manson later wrote the liner notes to the band's album Humid Teenage Mediocrity 1992–1996, a collection of early Jack Off Jill recordings.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1993 年，這個樂隊引起了誰的注意？
en: Who noticed the band in 1993?
answers: zh_tw: text: 特倫特・雷茲諾
en: text: Trent Reznor
安大略湖
Lake Ontario

context: zh_tw: 安大略湖（Lake Ontario）北鄰加拿大安大略省，南毗尼亞加拉半島和美國紐約州，是北美洲五大湖之一。
en: Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many of Ontario's most populous cities, including Toronto, Canada's most populous city, and Hamilton, are on the lake's northern or western shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontarí'io means "Lake of Shining Waters". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie.  The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個州位於安大略湖東面？
en: What state lies to the east of Lake Ontario?
answers: zh_tw: text: 紐約州
en: text: New York
瑪麗亞・希爾
Maria Hill

context: zh_tw: 瑪麗亞・希爾（英語：Maria Hill）是漫威漫畫的特工。做為神盾局的主要幹部，她常出現於各個復仇者成員中的故事情節。主要出場於 2000 年代後期內戰和秘密入侵劇情，每月的鋼鐵人系列，其中她在 “黑暗王朝” 和 “史塔克解體” 的故事情節中扮演一個主要配角。
en: Commander Maria Hill ( mə-RY-ə) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. As the former Director of S.H.I.E.L.D., she appears in various storylines which often feature the Avengers or members of that group. She was featured in the late 2000s "Civil War" and "Secret Invasion" miniseries, and the monthly Iron Man series, in which she was a prominent supporting character during the "Dark Reign" and "Stark Disassembled" storylines.
qas: question: zh_tw: 瑪麗亞・希爾為神盾局的哪個專業身份？
en: Comander Maria Hill used to serve shield in waht professional capacity?
answers: zh_tw: text: 主要幹部
en: text: Director
瑪萊卡・阿羅拉
Malaika Arora

context: zh_tw: 阿羅拉在電影中演繹不少為人所知的歌舞表演，包括：《Chaiyya Chaiyya》、《Gur Naalo Ishq Mitha》和《Munni Badnaam Hui》等。她的丈夫是男星的薩爾曼・汗的弟弟。兩人共育有一個兒子並在 2017 年離婚。
en: Malaika was married to Bollywood actor-director-producer Arbaaz Khan in 1998 whom she met during a coffee ad shoot. On 28 March 2016, they announced separation citing compatibility issues. The couple officially got divorced on May 11, 2017. Together they have a son, Arhaan, born on 9 November 2002. The custody of the son after the divorce is with Malaika. While Arbaz has visitation rights on his son, as per the settlement reached in the Bandra Family Court. Her sister is actress Amrita Arora, and her former brothers-in-law are Bollywood actor Salman Khan and Bollywood actor-director-producer Sohail Khan. Her former father-in-law is scriptwriter Salim Khan.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他們何時離婚？
en: When did they get divorced?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2017 年
en: text: May 11, 2017
索尼行動通訊
Sony Mobile

context: zh_tw: 愛立信當時決定電話晶片均採用唯一的來源 —— 飛利浦在墨西哥的一家工廠。2000 年 7 月，工廠的一場火災汙染無塵設施。飛利浦向愛立信與另一大客戶諾基亞保證產品延遲交貨不會超過一週。當生產狀況導致明顯要拖到數個月時，愛立信面臨嚴重的缺貨。諾基亞已經開始由其他來源獲得零件，而愛立信的處境則因現有機型的生產問題與新機型的延誤而更為困難。愛立信當時已經投入行動電話市場數十年，是世界第三大手持行動電話的製造商，因此事而遭受巨大的損失。除了火災的因素外，也與無法制造像諾基亞一樣便宜的產品有關。為了減少損失，該公司考慮將生產委外給亞洲公司，以製造出低成本的行動電話。
en: Ericsson had decided to obtain chips for its phones from a single source—a Philips facility in New Mexico. On March 17, 2000, a fire at the Philips factory contaminated the sterile facility. Philips assured Ericsson and Nokia (their other major customer) that production would be delayed for no more than a week. When it became clear that production would actually be compromised for months, Ericsson was faced with a serious shortage. Nokia had already begun to obtain parts from alternative sources, but Ericsson's position was much worse as production of current models and the launch of new ones was held up.Ericsson, which had been in the mobile phone market for decades, and was the world's third largest cellular telephone handset maker at the time behind Nokia and Motorola, was struggling with huge losses and decreasing market share. This was partly due to this fire as well as its inability to produce cheaper phones or fashionably-designed phones like Nokia managed to do. Speculation began about a possible sale by Ericsson of its mobile phone division, but the company's president, Kurt Hellström, said it had no plans to do so. Hellström said, "Mobile phones are really a core business for Ericsson. We wouldn't be as successful (in networks) if we didn't have phones".Sony was a marginal player in the worldwide mobile phone market with a share of less than 1 percent in 2000. By August 2001, the two companies had finalised the terms of the merger announced in April. Ericsson contributed a majority of the Ericsson Mobile Communications company, excluding a minor part spun off as Ericsson Mobile Platforms. Sony contributed its entire handset division. The company was to have an initial workforce of 3,500 employees.
qas: question: zh_tw: 應該延遲多長時間？
en: How long was the delay supposed to be?
answers: zh_tw: text: 不會超過一週
en: text: no more than a week
獵鷹重型運載火箭
Falcon Heavy

context: zh_tw: 獵鷹重型運載火箭（英語：FH, Falcon Heavy），先前稱為獵鷹 9 號重型運載火箭，是 SpaceX 研發和製造的一款可重複使用超重型運載火箭。獵鷹重型運載火箭是獵鷹 9 號運載火箭的一個衍生構型，由一個經過強化的獵鷹 9 號中央芯級和兩個額外的獵鷹 9 號第一級組成。 這將能讓獵鷹重型運載火箭的 LEO 運載能力達到 63.8 噸，而獵鷹 9 號運載火箭全推力版 LEO 運載能力僅有 22.8 噸。獵鷹重型運載火箭一開始就按照載人標準設計，並具有向月球或火星發射載人任務的潛力。另外也可以發射小行星採礦所需要的重型挖掘機具。
en: Falcon Heavy is a partially reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle designed and manufactured by SpaceX.  It is derived from the Falcon 9 vehicle and consists of a strengthened Falcon 9 first stage as the center core with two additional first stages as strap-on boosters. Falcon Heavy has the highest payload capacity of any currently operational launch vehicle, the second-highest capacity of any rocket ever to reach orbit, trailing the Saturn V, and the third-highest capacity of any orbital-class rocket ever launched (behind the Saturn V and the Energia).
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪家公司創造了獵鷹重型運載火箭？
en: What company created Falcon Heavy?
answers: zh_tw: text: SpaceX
en: text: SpaceX
溫徹斯特
Winchester

context: zh_tw: 城市在 1141 年的一系列火災之後逐漸衰落。然而，主教威廉・威克姆（William of Wykeham）促成了城市的復興。他擴建大教堂，並建立溫徹斯特公學。中世紀時，溫徹斯特還是羊毛貿易中心。
en: There was a fire in the city in 1141 during the Rout of Winchester. William of Wykeham played a role in the city's restoration. As Bishop of Winchester he was responsible for much of the current structure of the cathedral, and he founded the still extant public school Winchester College. During the Middle Ages, the city was an important centre of the wool trade, before going into a slow decline. The curfew bell in the bell tower (near the clock in the picture), still sounds at 8:00 pm each evening.
qas: question: zh_tw: 火災在何時發生？
en: When was the fire?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1141
en: text: 1141
亨利王子 (格洛斯特公爵)
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

context: zh_tw: 格洛斯特公爵亨利王子殿下（英語：H.R.H. Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester，1900 年 3 月 31 日－1974 年 6 月 10 日）是英國國王喬治五世和瑪麗王后的第三子、愛德華八世和喬治六世的弟弟。
en: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester,  (Henry William Frederick Albert; 31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974) was the third son and fourth child of King George V and Queen Mary. He served as Governor-General of Australia from 1945 to 1947, the only member of the British royal family to hold the post.
qas: question: zh_tw: 亨利何時出生？
en: When was Henry born?
answers: zh_tw: text: Gloucester，1900 年 3 月 31 日－1974 年 6 月 10 日）是英國國王喬治五世和瑪麗王后的第三子、愛德華八世和喬治六世的弟弟。
en: text: 31 March 1900
10 美分硬幣
Dime (United States coin)

context: zh_tw: 1783 年，托馬斯・傑斐遜、本傑明・富蘭克林、亞歷山大・漢密爾頓和戴維・裡頓豪斯聯合提出關於美國貨幣系統的設想。1791 年，美國第一位財政部長漢密爾頓在提交給議會的一份報告中提議發行 6 種硬幣，10 美分硬幣就是其中之一，報告中建議將這枚新的硬幣取名為「Tenth」。1792 年 4 月 2 日，美國國會透過《1792 年鑄幣法案》，該法案將硬幣正式命名為「Disme」，重量為 1 個銀幣的十分之一，而價值為 1 美元的十分之一，成分為 89.24% 銀和 10.76% 銅。1792 年，美國鑄幣局鑄造了極少量 10 美分硬幣，但是從來沒有在市場上流透過，只是作為樣幣。直到 1796 年，流通的 10 美分硬幣正式鑄造發行。第一枚流通的 10 美分硬幣，通常稱為「波浪頭像」（Draped Bust）10 美分硬幣，硬幣的正背面都沒有價值標記。直到 1809 年發行的「帶帽頭像」（Capped Bust）10 美分硬幣背面上才開始印有 “10 C.” 的標記。這兩類硬幣的發行時間沒有嚴格的區分。「波浪頭像」10 美分硬幣在 1799 年到 1806 年之間，以及 1809 年到 1820 年之間沒有發行。而「帶帽頭像」10 美分硬幣只發行於 1809 年、1811 年、1814 年和 1820 年。從 1827 年以後，幾乎每年都鑄造 10 美分硬幣。1837 年，「坐姿自由女神」（Seated Liberty）10 美分開始發行，同時硬幣的直徑和成分比例也發生了變化。「坐姿自由女神」10 美分硬幣一共鑄造發行了 54 年，僅次於目前仍在流通的羅斯福 10 美分硬幣。
en: The first known proposal for a decimal-based coinage system in the United States was made in 1783 by Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and David Rittenhouse. Hamilton, the nation's first Secretary of the Treasury, recommended the issuance of six such coins in 1791, in a report to Congress. Among the six was a silver coin, "which shall be, in weight and value, one tenth part of a silver unit or dollar".
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰向美國國會提出發行分制硬幣的建議？
en: Who suggested to Congress that coins based on the decimal should be issued?
answers: zh_tw: text: 漢密爾頓
en: text: Hamilton
現代藝術
Modern art

context: zh_tw: 在 1913 年的軍械庫展覽會中以及隨著第一次世界大戰移民到美國的歐洲藝術家，現代藝術被介紹到了美國。不過要到第二次世界大戰結束以後，美國才成為新興藝術運動的重要地點。1950 年代和 1960 年代出現的藝術運動有抽象表現主義、普普藝術、歐普藝術和極簡主義；1960 年代和 1970 年代則出現了地景藝術、表演藝術、觀念藝術和照相寫實主義。
en: It was only after World War II, however, that the U.S. became the focal point of new artistic movements. The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of Abstract Expressionism, Color field painting, Conceptual artists of Art & Language, Pop art, Op art, Hard-edge painting, Minimal art, Lyrical Abstraction, Fluxus, Happening, Video art, Postminimalism, Photorealism and various other movements. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land art, Performance art, Conceptual art, and other new art forms had attracted the attention of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional media. Larger installations and performances became widespread.
qas: question: zh_tw: 藝術類型在哪些年代有所增加？
en: What decades saw an increase in type of art?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1950 年代和 1960 年代
en: text: 1950s and 1960s
工具樂隊

context: zh_tw: 早在 80 年代，工具樂團的樂手們就已經陸續搬來洛杉磯。保羅和亞當本來想進入電影工業發展，主唱梅納德・基南在密西根州研究完視覺藝術的提材後，在洛杉磯找了一份裝修公司的活；而鼓手丹尼・凱里當時已經和幾個樂團裡巡迴演出了。
qas: question: zh_tw: 儘管有人進入電影行業，詹姆斯・基南則選擇做什麼？
en: Despite the people who went into the film industry, James Keenan opted to do what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 找了一份裝修公司的活

context: zh_tw: 1989 年，梅納德・基南和亞當・瓊斯第一次透過朋友介紹而認識。在基南給瓊斯聽了他之前的錄音後，亞當・瓊斯對梅納德・基南的嗓音感到震驚，於是他們便有了組團的想法。後來丹尼・凱里和保羅・達莫爾的加入，殿定了最早期的工具樂團。
qas: question: zh_tw: 磁帶錄音的最終結果是什麼？
en: What was the eventual outcome of the tape recording?
answers: zh_tw: text: 組團
千里達及託巴哥
Trinidad and Tobago

context: zh_tw: 特立尼達於 1532 年成為西班牙殖民地，後來被荷蘭、法國侵佔；1802 年成為英國殖民地。多巴哥於 1532－1662 年間屬荷蘭，以後相繼被英國、法國佔領，1814 年淪為英國殖民地。1888 年兩殖民地合併。
en: Trinidad and Tobago ( (listen), ), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is a twin island country that is the southernmost nation of the West Indies in the Caribbean. It is situated 130 kilometres (81 miles) south of Grenada off the northern edge of the South American mainland, 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) off the coast of northeastern Venezuela. It shares maritime boundaries with Barbados to the northeast, Grenada and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to the northwest, Guyana to the southeast, and Venezuela to the south and west.The island of Trinidad was a Spanish colony from the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1498 until Spanish governor Don José María Chacón surrendered the island to a British fleet under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby in 1797. During the same period, the island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander colonisers more times than any other island in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889. Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962 and became a republic in 1976.
qas: question: zh_tw: 多巴哥於什麼時候脫離英國？
en: When was Tobago seceded to britain?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1802 年
en: text: 1802
巴塞爾問題
Basel problem

context: zh_tw: 這個級數的和大約等於 1.644934（OEIS 中的數列 A013661）。巴塞爾問題是尋找這個數的準確值，並證明它是正確的。尤拉發現準確值是
en: .The sum of the series is approximately equal to 1.644934. The Basel problem asks for the exact sum of this series (in closed form), as well as a proof that this sum is correct. Euler found the exact sum to be π2/6 and announced this discovery in 1735. His arguments were based on manipulations that were not justified at the time, although he was later proven correct, and it was not until 1741 that he was able to produce a truly rigorous proof.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這個習題的總和是多少？
en: What is the sum of the problem?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1.644934
en: text: 1.644934
波斯波利斯
Persepolis

context: zh_tw: 百柱廳它由第四代波斯王薛西斯所建。殿內大廳同樣也是正方形，每邊長 73 米，有 100 根 13 米高的石柱，因此稱作 “百柱廳” 或 “百柱殿”。在 1971 年 10 月，伊朗政府曾在這裡舉行過波斯帝國建國 2500 年慶祝大典。
en: In 1971, Persepolis was the main staging ground for the 2,500 Year Celebration of the Persian Empire under the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty. It included delegations from foreign nations in an attempt to advance the Iranian culture and history.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1971 年年發生了什麼事件？
en: what happened in the year 1971
answers: zh_tw: text: 伊朗政府曾在這裡舉行過波斯帝國建國 2500 年慶祝大典
en: text: Persepolis was the main staging ground for the 2,500 Year Celebration of the Persian Empire under the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty
漫威娛樂
Marvel Entertainment

context: zh_tw: 漫威娛樂有限責任公司（英語：Marvel Entertainment LLC）是一家美國娛樂公司。該公司是華特迪士尼的全資子公司，主要部門有漫威漫畫、漫威動畫和漫威電視。之前隸屬於漫威娛樂的漫威影業現已成為華特迪士尼影業的子公司。
en: Marvel Entertainment, LLC (formerly Marvel Enterprises and Toy Biz, Inc., and marketed and stylized as MARVEL) is an American entertainment company founded in June 1998 and based in New York City, formed by the merger of Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. and ToyBiz. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, and is mainly known for its Marvel Comics, Marvel Animation, and Marvel Television units. Marvel Studios, formerly under the Marvel umbrella, became a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, where it develops and produces a shared universe of films that shares continuity with some of the shows produced by the television unit.
qas: question: zh_tw: 漫威娛樂是由哪大組織所擁有的？
en: What large organization is Marvel Entertainment owned by?
answers: zh_tw: text: 華特迪士尼
en: text: The Walt Disney Company
大眾甲殼蟲
Volkswagen Beetle

context: zh_tw: 在一項評選最具世界影響力的 “世紀之車” 的國際投票中，甲殼蟲排名第四，僅次於福特 T 型車（Ford Model T）、迷你（Mini）和雪鐵龍 DS（Citroën DS）。
en: In the 1999 Car of the Century competition, to determine the world's most influential car in the 20th century, the Type 1 came fourth, after the Ford Model T, the Mini, and the Citroën DS.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪三輛車排在 Type 1 之前？
en: What three cars came before the Type 1?
answers: zh_tw: text: 福特 T 型車（Ford Model T）、迷你（Mini）和雪鐵龍 DS（Citroën DS
en: text: Ford Model T, the Mini, and the Citroën DS
尼泊爾種姓制度
Caste system in Nepal

context: zh_tw: 尼泊爾種姓制度，是一個傳統複雜的尼泊爾社會分層系統，種姓由多個稱為賈提的職業世襲內婚群體構成。這種風俗十八世紀以前只流行在卡斯人，尼瓦爾人，梅德西人。但是由於尼泊爾在 18 世紀統一，尼泊爾的各種土著部落被納入種姓層級內。尼泊爾種姓制度廣泛借用古典印度教四個瓦爾納：婆羅門，剎帝利，吠舍和首陀羅。民族土著群體不屬於這一類系統（一般劃為首陀羅）。
en: The Nepalese caste system is the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal. The Nepalese caste system broadly borrows the classical Hindu Chaturvarnashram model consisting of four broad social classes or varna: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra.
qas: question: zh_tw: 尼泊爾有什麼傳統的分層系統？
en: What traditional order system is in place in Nepal?
answers: zh_tw: text: 尼泊爾種姓制度
en: text: Nepalese caste system
太陽望遠鏡
Solar telescope

context: zh_tw: 在業餘天文學的領域內有許多方法被用來觀測太陽。業餘使用的方法從最簡單的將太陽影像投影在白紙上、使用赫歇爾楔型太陽稜鏡赫歇爾稜鏡從目鏡移除 95% 的陽光，到使用 Hα 濾鏡的系統，甚至還有在家中安裝太陽單色光觀測鏡的。相較於專業的望遠鏡，業餘的太陽望遠鏡通常都小了許多。
en: In the field of amateur astronomy there are many methods used to observe the Sun. Amateurs use everything from simple systems to project the Sun on a piece of white paper, light blocking filters, Herschel wedges which redirect 95% of the light away from the eyepiece, up to hydrogen-alpha filter systems and even home built spectrohelioscopes. In contrast to professional telescopes, amateur solar telescopes are usually much smaller.
qas: question: zh_tw: 相較於專業的望遠鏡，業餘的太陽望遠鏡怎麼樣？
en: How do telescopes belonging to amateurs compare to those belonging to professionals?
answers: zh_tw: text: 小了許多
en: text: much smaller.
塔林科特
Tarinkot

context: zh_tw: 塔林科特（普什圖語：ترين کوټ‎‎，拉丁化轉寫 Tarīn Kūṭ，達利語：ترين كوت），或者譯為塔林庫特，是阿富汗中南部烏魯茲甘省的首府。2006 年時約有人口 110000 ，至 2015 年，人口為 71604 ，在城市巴剎中約有 200 個小商店，沒有大中型企業。
en: Tarīnkōṭ (Pashto: ترينکوټ‎), also spelled as Tarin Kowt, is the capital of Urozgan Province (also written "Uruzgan") in southern Afghanistan in the Tarinkot District. Tarinkot city has a population of 71,604 (2015), with some 200 small shops in the city's bazaar.
qas: question: zh_tw: 塔林科特市的人口為多少？
en: What is the population of Tarinkot city?
answers: zh_tw: text: 71604
en: text: 71,604
豬臉女
Pig-faced women

context: zh_tw: 之後故事中的魔法元素逐漸消失，豬臉女的存在開始被視為事實。這類故事在 19 世紀初期的都柏林流傳十分廣泛，當地普遍認為 18 世紀隱居的慈善家格瑞瑟達・斯蒂文是因為豬臉的樣貌才將自己隱藏著大眾的視線之外。1814 年末至 1815 年初，豬臉女的謠言席捲倫敦，稱一位有著豬臉的女人生活在馬裡波恩。豬臉女的存在被廣泛報道為事實，大量聲稱是豬臉女肖像的畫作也被髮表出來。 由於大眾普遍相信豬臉女真實存在，馬戲團表演者不擇手段地在集市上展示活生生的 “豬臉女”。這些被展示的都不是真正的女性，而是穿著女人衣服的剃光了毛的熊。
en: The magical elements gradually vanished from the story, and the existence of pig-faced women began to be treated as fact. The story became particularly widespread in Dublin in the early 19th century, where it became widely believed that reclusive 18th-century philanthropist Griselda Steevens had kept herself hidden from view because she had the face of a pig. In late 1814 and early 1815, rumour swept London that a pig-faced woman was living in Marylebone. Her existence was widely reported as fact, and numerous alleged portraits of her were published. With belief in pig-faced women commonplace, unscrupulous showmen exhibited living "pig-faced women" at fairs. These were not genuine women, but shaven bears dressed in women's clothing.
qas: question: zh_tw: 關於格麗澤爾達・斯蒂文斯的什麼內容多次被髮表？
en: What was published numerous times about Griselda Steevens?
answers: zh_tw: text: 聲稱是豬臉女肖像的畫作
en: text: alleged portraits

context: zh_tw: 不同版本的豬臉女故事有著不同的細節，但他們都有相同的基本故事構架。故事中會有一個帶小孩的乞丐接近一位貴族孕婦，後者會將乞丐轟走，這麼做後她還會以某種方式將乞丐的孩子比做豬。乞丐會詛咒這位貴族孕婦，之後貴婦分娩出的女嬰十分健康，和常人一致，除了有一張豬的臉龐。
en: While stories of pig-faced women vary in detail, they have the same basic form. A pregnant noblewoman would be approached by a beggar accompanied by her children, and would dismiss the beggar, and in so doing would in some way compare the beggar's children to pigs. The beggar would curse the pregnant noblewoman, and come the birth of the child it would be a girl, healthy and perfectly formed in every respect other than having the face of a pig.The child would grow up healthy, but with some of the behaviours of a pig. She would eat from a silver trough, and speak only in grunts or with a grunting sound to her speech. The only child of her parents, she would stand to inherit a large fortune, but her parents would be concerned about what would become of her after their death. They would thus make arrangements either to find a man willing to marry her, or to use their fortune to endow a hospital on condition that the hospital take care of her for the remainder of her life.Although originating roughly simultaneously in Holland, England, and France, it was only in England, and later in Ireland, that the legend became well known and widely believed. In 1861 Charles Dickens remarked on the longevity of the belief in pig-faced women in England, commenting that "In every age, I suppose, there has been a pig-faced lady".
qas: question: zh_tw: 所有故事都一樣嗎？
en: are all the stories the same?
answers: zh_tw: text: 有著不同的細節，但他們都有相同的基本故事構架
en: text: vary in detail, they have the same basic form
類銀河戰士惡魔城遊戲
Metroidvania

context: zh_tw: 類銀河戰士惡魔城遊戲（英語：Metroidvania game，或簡稱銀河城），是動作冒險遊戲的一個子分類，指玩法類似於銀河戰士系列和部分惡魔城系列（特別是《惡魔城 X 月下夜想曲》及之後釋出於任天堂掌機平臺的系列）的遊戲。該分類的名字是將兩個系列的名字混合而成。 遊戲關鍵字為 “探索”。此外還有 “銀河戰士風格遊戲”、“類銀河戰士遊戲” 等強調與銀河戰士系列相似性的叫法。銀河惡魔城遊戲中通常有可供玩家探索的大型相連世界地圖，但是進入地圖某處的特定地點往往會有門或其他障礙物限制玩家，只有當玩家在遊戲中獲得特殊道具、工具、武器或能力後才能透過。這些新的提升還能幫助玩家擊敗更高難度的敵人並找到捷徑和秘密區域，包括經常回顧已經探索過的地圖區域。銀河惡魔城遊戲透過這樣的設計使故事和關卡設計整合得更緊密，以精心設計的關卡和角色控制來鼓勵玩家探索和實驗，使之更投入自己的角色。
en: Metroidvania games generally feature a large interconnected world map the player can explore, though access to parts of the world is often limited by doors or other obstacles that can only be passed once the player has acquired special items, tools, weapons or abilities within the game. Acquiring such improvements can also aid the player in defeating more difficult enemies and locating shortcuts and secret areas, and often includes retracing one's steps across the map. Through this, Metroidvania games include tighter integration of story and level design, careful design of levels and character controls to encourage exploration and experimentation, and a means for the player to become more invested in their player character. Metroidvania games typically are sidescrolling platformers, but can also include other genre types. Though popularized during the early console generations, the genre saw a resurgence starting in the 2000s due to a number of critically praised, independently developed games.
qas: question: zh_tw: 玩家須要找到哪種物品才能進入地圖的秘密區域？
en: What type of items a player needs to find in order to access locked areas of the map?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在遊戲中獲得特殊道具、工具、武器或能力
en: text: , tools, weapons or abilities within the game

question: zh_tw: 什麼可以幫助玩家擊敗敵人並在地圖上回溯他們的足跡？
en: What can help a player defeat enemies and retrace their steps on the map?
answers: zh_tw: text: 提升
en: text: improvements
馬婭・安傑盧
Maya Angelou

context: zh_tw: 。四年之後，其父突然回到斯坦普斯，並將兄妹幾人重新安排到聖路易斯的母親身邊生活。八歲時遭到性虐待並被她母親的男朋友弗里曼（Freeman）強姦。她將此事告訴了她的哥哥，後來全家都知道了此事。弗里曼因而被逮捕，但是隻囚禁了一天便被放出。四天之後被人謀殺，兇手可能是安吉洛的叔伯之類。在那之後安吉洛突然失聲五年。安吉洛回憶此事時說道：“我曾認為，是我的聲音殺死了他。我殺死了他，因為我說出了他的名字。之後我想我不可以再說話了，因為我的聲音會殺死人”。根據安吉洛的傳記作家瑪西亞・安・吉萊斯皮（Marcia Ann Gillespie）和其同事所述，正是在這一時期安吉洛發展出了驚人的記憶力、閱讀書籍的習慣及觀察世界的能力。
en: Four years later, the children's father "came to Stamps without warning" and returned them to their mother's care in St. Louis.  At the age of eight, while living with her mother, Angelou was sexually abused and raped by her mother's boyfriend, a man named Freeman. She told her brother, who told the rest of their family. Freeman was found guilty but was jailed for only one day.  Four days after his release, he was murdered, probably by Angelou's uncles.  Angelou became mute for almost five years, believing, as she stated, "I thought, my voice killed him; I killed that man, because I told his name.  And then I thought I would never speak again, because my voice would kill anyone."  According to Marcia Ann Gillespie and her colleagues, who wrote a biography about Angelou, it was during this period of silence when Angelou developed her extraordinary memory, her love for books and literature, and her ability to listen and observe the world around her.Shortly after Freeman's murder, Angelou and her brother were sent back to their grandmother.  Angelou credits a teacher and friend of her family, Mrs. Bertha Flowers, with helping her speak again.  Flowers introduced her to authors such as Charles Dickens, William Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, Douglas Johnson, and James Weldon Johnson, authors who would affect her life and career, as well as black female artists like Frances Harper, Anne Spencer, and Jessie Fauset.When Angelou was 14, she and her brother moved in with their mother once again, who had since moved to Oakland, California.  During World War II, Angelou attended the California Labor School.  At the age of 16, she became the first black female cable car conductor in San Francisco. She wanted the job badly, admiring the uniforms of the operators — so much so that her mother referred to it as her "dream job." Her mother encouraged her to pursue the position, but warned her that she would need to arrive early and work harder than others. In 2014, Angelou received a lifetime achievement award from the Conference of Minority Transportation Officials as part of a session billed  “Women Who Move the Nation.”Three weeks after completing school, at the age of 17, she gave birth to her son, Clyde (who later changed his name to Guy Johnson).
qas: question: zh_tw: 安傑盧父親或母親的愛人強姦？
en: Which parent had a significant other that raped Angelou?
answers: zh_tw: text: 母親
en: text: her mother
綿羊
Sheep

context: zh_tw: 大部份人類居住的地方都進行過牧羊，這也是許多文明的基本要素。現在為澳洲、紐西蘭、南美洲中部及南部，以及不列顛群島的重要產業之一。
en: Sheep husbandry is practised throughout the majority of the inhabited world, and has been fundamental to many civilizations. In the modern era, Australia, New Zealand, the southern and central South American nations, and the British Isles are most closely associated with sheep production.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在哪裡牧羊？
en: where is sheep husbandry practiced?
answers: zh_tw: text: 大部份人類居住的地方
en: text: the majority of the inhabited world
超純量
Superscalar processor

context: zh_tw: 除了那些低功率 CPU、嵌入式 CPU、以及使用電池電源的 CPU，1998 年以後開發的 CPU 設計都已經是超純量體系結構。第一種採用了超標量技術的 X86 處理器是 Pentium。第一批採用了把 CISC 指令非同步解碼為微指令序列技術的處理器是 Nx586, P6 體系結構的 Pentium Pro 以及 AMD K5。這使得被快取的微指令可以動態排程（dynamic scheduling）執行，使得 P6 架構的並行性更優於 P5 架構的 Pentium; 這也使得預測執行（投機執行）更易實現，CPU 的時脈也可以更高。
en: Except for CPUs used in low-power applications, embedded systems, and battery-powered devices, essentially all general-purpose CPUs developed since about 1998 are superscalar.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪年以後開發的 CPU 基本上全是超純量？
en: Since what year are CPUs essentially all superscalar?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1998
en: text: 1998
格利澤 876
Gliese 876

context: zh_tw: 格利澤 876 非常靠近我們的太陽系，根據依巴谷天體測量衛星測得的視差為 212.59 毫秒弧（mas）。相當於 4.7 秒差距（15.3 光年）。儘管如此的靠近我們，但因為星光極為微弱（10 等星），因此肉眼無法看見，只能使用望遠鏡來觀察。
en: Gliese 876 is located fairly close to the Solar System. According to astrometric measurements made by the Hipparcos satellite, the star shows a parallax of 213.28 milliarcseconds, which corresponds to a distance of 4.69 parsecs (15.3 ly), currently making it the third-closest known star with orbiting planets, after Epsilon Eridani and Gliese 674. Despite being located so close to Earth, the star is so faint that it is invisible to the naked eye and can only be seen using a telescope.
qas: question: zh_tw: 需要哪一種放大裝置來觀察星星？
en: What magnification device is needed in order to observe the star?
answers: zh_tw: text: 望遠鏡
en: text: telescope
蔚藍 (遊戲)
Celeste (video game)

context: zh_tw: 《天裂》（Skytorn）的諾爾・貝瑞（Noel Berry）和《塔倒》的馬特・索爾森（Matt Thorson）在遊戲設計比賽中創建出《蔚藍》的原型 —— 擁有 30 個關卡、困難、專為競速破關而設和需要快速反應的 Pico-8 奇幻平臺遊戲。Kill Screen 指出遊戲與索爾森的前作《塔倒》和《超級馬里奧製造》的遊戲機制有許多相似之處。開發者亦借用了超級任天堂時代平臺遊戲的想法。貝瑞和索爾森之後將《蔚藍》發展成一個有著 90 多個關卡的獨立遊戲。除此之外，他們也有在 Twitch 上直播他們的開發過程。
en: Noel Berry (Skytorn) and Matt Thorson (TowerFall) created a prototype of Celeste in four days during a game jam, now named Celeste Classic. The result was a difficult platformer with 30 levels for the Pico-8 fantasy video game console designed for speedrunning and precision reflexes. Kill Screen noted that the game was a departure from Thorson's TowerFall, and had more in common with the game mechanics of his older games and Super Mario Maker work. The developers also took inspiration from difficult, Super Nintendo-era platformers. Berry and Thorson developed the game into a standalone release with over 200 rooms spread between eight chapters. They livestreamed parts of their development process on Twitch. The game was also demoed at the 2016 PAX West Indie Megabooth. Celeste released on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows, Linux and macOS on January 25, 2018. The original Pico-8 prototype is included in the game as an unlockable minigame. The game will eventually receive a limited collector's edition. Thorson stated that he plans to release a set of "farewell levels" for Celeste some time in 2019.
qas: question: zh_tw: 《塔倒》（TowerFall）的創作者是誰？
en: Who was the creator of TowerFall?
answers: zh_tw: text: 索爾森
en: text: Thorson
烏克蘭陸軍
Ukrainian Ground Forces

context: zh_tw: 烏克蘭武裝力量在創立之時有大約 78 萬名士兵、7000 輛裝甲車、6500 輛坦克以及 2500 枚戰術核武器。然而，烏克蘭面臨的問題是，儘管它擁有巨大的武裝部隊，卻缺乏一個合適的領導機構。因此，1991 年 8 月 24 日，烏克蘭最高拉達透過決議，批准前蘇聯武裝力量的所有軍事單位，可繼續留存於烏克蘭的領土內，並在其基礎上組建了全新的烏克蘭國防部。
en: The Armed Forces of Ukraine included approximately 780,000 personnel, 7,000 armored vehicles, 6,500 tanks, and 2,500 tactical nuclear missiles when they were established. However, the problem that Ukraine face was that while it had vast armed forces, it lacked a proper command structure. Therefore, on 24 August 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ratified the resolution of taking under its control, all military units of former Soviet Armed Forces, situated on the territory of Ukraine; and in turn the establishment of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine.
qas: question: zh_tw: 烏克蘭武裝力量有多少名士兵？
en: Roughly how many personnel does the Armed Forces of Ukraine have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 78 萬
en: text: 780,000
皇家賭場 (小說)
Casino Royale (novel)

context: zh_tw: 《皇家賭場》（英語：Casino Royale）是伊恩・弗萊明的第一部關於詹姆斯・邦德的小說。它為弗萊明的後 11 部關於邦德的長篇小說，以及兩個短篇小說集開闢了道路。後來也有許多其他作家續寫邦德題材的作品。
en: Casino Royale is the first novel by the British author Ian Fleming. Published in 1953, it is the first James Bond book, and it paved the way for a further eleven novels and two short story collections by Fleming, followed by numerous continuation Bond novels by other authors.
qas: question: zh_tw: 《皇家賭場》的作者是誰？
en: Who was the author of Casino Royale?
answers: zh_tw: text: 伊恩・弗萊明
en: text: Ian Fleming
蘇格拉底式的質疑
Socratic questioning

context: zh_tw: 批判性思維和蘇格拉底式提問都尋求意義和真理。批判性思維提供了合理的工具來監督，評估，或許重新構思或重新引導我們的思想和行動。這就是教育改革家約翰・杜威所說的反思性調查：「思想家在思想中轉變主題，給予認真和連續的考慮。」蘇格拉底式提問是一個明確的關注框架自我導向、有結構的問題以實現這一目標。
en: The art of Socratic questioning is intimately connected with critical thinking because the art of questioning is important to excellence of thought. Socrates argued for the necessity of probing individual knowledge, and acknowledging what one may not know or understand. Critical thinking has the goal of reflective thinking that focuses on what should be believed or done about a topic. Socratic questioning adds another level of thought to critical thinking, by focusing on extracting depth, interest and assessing the truth or plausibility of thought. Socrates argued that a lack of knowledge is not bad, but students must strive to make known what they don't know through the means of a form of critical thinking.Critical thinking and Socratic questioning both seek meaning and truth. Critical thinking provides the rational tools to monitor, assess, and perhaps reconstitute or re-direct our thinking and action. This is what educational reformer John Dewey described as reflective inquiry: "in which the thinker turns a subject over in the mind, giving it serious and consecutive consideration." Socratic questioning is an explicit focus on framing self-directed, disciplined questions to achieve that goal.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼思維方式可以引導一個人的行為？
en: What kind of thinking can redirect a person's action?
answers: zh_tw: text: 批判性思維
en: text: Critical

context: zh_tw: 培養學生提出蘇格拉底問題的能力，幫助學生獲得蘇格拉底式對話的強大工具，以便他們可以在日常生活中使用這些工具（質疑自己和他人）。為此，教師可以模擬他們希望學生模仿和使用的提問策略。此外，教師需要直接教授學生如何構建和提出深層次的問題。除此之外，學生需要練習來提高他們的提問能力。
en: To foster students' abilities to ask Socratic questions, to help students acquire the powerful tools of Socratic dialogue, so that they can use these tools in everyday life (in questioning themselves and others). To this end, teachers can model the questioning strategies they want students to emulate and employ. Moreover, teachers need to directly teach students how to construct and ask deep questions. Beyond that, students need practice to improve their questioning abilities.Socratic questioning illuminates the importance of questioning in learning. This includes differentiating between systematic and fragmented thinking, while forcing individuals to understand the root of their knowledge and ideas. Educators who support the use of Socratic Questioning in educational settings argue that it helps students become active and independent learners. Examples of Socratic questions that are used for students in educational settings:
qas: question: zh_tw: 教師如何能夠幫助學生學習蘇格拉底問題？
en: How can teachers help students learn Socratic questions?
answers: zh_tw: text: 可以模擬他們希望學生模仿和使用的提問策略
en: text: can model the questioning strategies
美國語言
The American Language

context: zh_tw: 孟肯在這本共 374 頁的書中討論了「美語（美式英語）」的變化、變化的開端、這些變化的普及、美式名稱與俚語等。根據孟肯的說法，美式英語比正統英文更為多彩多姿、傳神以及富有創造力。
en: The book discusses the beginnings of "American" variations from "English", the spread of these variations, American names and slang over the course of its 374 pages. According to Mencken, American English was more colorful, vivid, and creative than its British counterpart.
qas: question: zh_tw: 孟肯認為哪一種英語更富有創造力？
en: Which English dis Mencken think was more creative?
answers: zh_tw: text: 美式
en: text: American
戴爾
Dell

context: zh_tw: 在 1985 年，公司生產了第一部擁有自己獨特設計的電腦 “Turbo PC”，售價為 795 美元。PCs Limited 藉由在國家電腦雜誌推出它的系列廣告並直接向消費者銷售，並提供消費者根據不同方案來讓消費者有更多組裝選擇。在其公司第一年的營收毛利就超過 7300 萬美元。
en: In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. PC's Limited advertised its systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of operation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1985 年的電腦 Turbo PC 價值多少錢？
en: What was the cost of a Turbo PC in 1985?
answers: zh_tw: text: 795 美元
en: text: $795
威廉・克魯克斯
William Crookes

context: zh_tw: 克魯克斯是建造和使用真空管來研究物理現象的先驅。1874 年他開發了克魯克斯管，研究陰極射線，發表了許多關於光譜學的論文，並對其中各個子領域進行研究。他在低壓氣體導電研究中發現，隨著壓力的降低，負極（陰極）似乎會發出光線（即所謂的 “陰極射線”，現在已知是一股自由電子流，並可用於映像管）。因此，他也可以說是第一批研究後來所謂電漿的科學家之一，並在 1879 年認為這是第四種物質狀態。他還設計了閃爍鏡，是最初幾種研究核放射性的方法之一。
en: Crookes developed the Crookes tubes, investigating cathode rays. He published numerous papers on spectroscopy and conducted research on a variety of minor subjects. In his investigations of the conduction of electricity in low pressure gases, he discovered that as the pressure was lowered, the negative electrode (cathode) appeared to emit rays (the so-called "cathode rays", now known to be a stream of free electrons, and used in cathode ray display devices). As these examples indicate, he was a pioneer in the construction and use of vacuum tubes for the study of physical phenomena. He was, as a consequence, one of the first scientists to investigate what is now called a plasma and identified it as the fourth state of matter in 1879. He also devised one of the first instruments for studying nuclear radioactivity, the spinthariscope.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他創造了什麼來幫助研究核放射性？
en: What did he create to help study nuclear radioactivity?
answers: zh_tw: text: 閃爍鏡
en: text: the spinthariscope