歇洛克・福爾摩斯
Sherlock Holmes

context: zh_tw: 柯南・道爾所著的 56 篇故事和四部小說被愛好者們稱之為 “經典福爾摩斯探案”。早期的經典學者包括不列顛的羅納德・諾克斯，他被認為是 “大遊戲” 的創造者，，以及紐約的克里斯托弗・莫利（C.Morley），在 1934 年他建立了偵緝隊貝克街分隊 —— 第一個專注於福爾摩斯經典的社團。歇洛克遊戲（即福爾摩斯學遊戲、福學遊戲、大遊戲、或簡稱遊戲）是款解謎遊戲，旨在解決柯南・道爾原著中異常現象、澄清歇洛克・福爾摩斯和華生醫生所暗示的細節。遊戲假設福爾摩斯和華生為真實人物，柯南・道爾則是華生的 “文書”，利用經典故事，柔和了歷史成分，並囊括了學者對福爾摩斯世界的分析。遊戲的一個分析點是福爾摩斯的生日。莫利的分析認為福爾摩斯的生日是 1854 年 1 月 6 日。作家勞裡・R・金（L.R.King）則根據柯南・道爾的《血字的研究》和《“格洛里亞斯科特” 號三桅帆船》推斷他的生日。《“格洛里亞斯科特” 號三桅帆船》中的一些線索顯示福爾摩斯在 1880 或 1885 年讀完他的大二和大四。華生自己則在第二次英國 - 阿富汗戰爭中負傷，隨後回國，捲入《血字的研究》，即 1881 年上旬或 1882 年。由此，她稱福爾摩斯在 1880 年離開大學；如果他 17 歲就讀，那麼他的生日可能是在 1861 年。另一項研究點是歇洛克就讀的大學。作家桃樂絲・榭爾絲認為從兩個故事當中可知福爾摩斯就讀的是劍橋大學而非牛津大學，“在所有劍橋學院當中，悉尼・薩塞克斯學院物件福爾摩斯這號人來說好處最多，在沒有更多確切資訊的情況下，我們可以假定地把他置於此處。” 福爾摩斯的心理健康也是遊戲分析的一個專案。在《血字的研究》的第一次會面中，偵探告訴華生他 “有時會很沮喪”，“整天不願意開口”。許多讀者和文學專家認為福爾摩斯或許有些躁鬱症，有時會有強烈的興奮、伴隨著慵懶的聚精會神。偵探的孤僻，近乎女性恐怖症般地對女性充滿了不信任，或許暗示著他試圖逃避的態度；福爾摩斯的 “傳記作家” 威廉・巴蘭 - 古爾德（W.Baring-Gould）和其它人，包括尼古拉斯・邁耶都認為家庭的重大創傷（例如福爾摩斯母親的被害）可能是問題的根源。
en: Conan Doyle's 56 short stories and four novels are known as the "canon" by Holmes aficionados. Early canonical scholars included Ronald Knox in Britain and Christopher Morley in New York. Morley founded The Baker Street Irregulars—the first society devoted to the Holmes canon—in 1934.The Sherlockian game (also known as the Holmesian game, the Great Game, or simply the Game) attempts to resolve anomalies and clarify details about Holmes and Watson from the canon. The Game, which treats Holmes and Watson as real people (and Conan Doyle as Watson's literary agent), combines history with aspects of the stories to construct biographies and other scholarly analyses of these aspects. Ronald Knox is credited with inventing the Game.One detail analyzed in the Game is Holmes's birth date. The chronology of the stories is notoriously difficult, with many stories lacking dates and many others containing contradictory ones. Morley and William Baring-Gould (author of Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street: A Life of the World's First Consulting Detective) contend that the detective was born on 6 January 1854, the year being derived from the statement in "His Last Bow" that he was 60 years of age in 1914, while the precise day is derived from broader, non-canonical speculation. This is the date the Baker Street Irregulars work from, with their annual dinner being held each January. Laurie R. King also speculated about Holmes's birth date. She instead argues that details in "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott" (a story with no precise internal date) indicate that Holmes finished his second (and final) year of university in 1880 or 1885. If he began university at age 17, his birth year could be as late as 1868.Holmes's emotional and mental health have long been subjects of analysis in the Game. At their first meeting, in A Study in Scarlet, the detective warns Watson that he gets "in the dumps at times" and doesn't open his "mouth for days on end". Leslie S. Klinger has suggested that Holmes exhibits signs of bipolar disorder, with intense enthusiasm followed by indolent self-absorption. John Radford (1999) speculated on Holmes's intelligence. Using Conan Doyle's stories as data, he applied three methods to estimate the detective's intelligence quotient and concluded that his IQ was about 190. Snyder (2004) examined Holmes's methods in the context of mid- to late-19th-century criminology.
qas: question: zh_tw: 柯南被稱為什麼？
en: What is known as a canon?
answers: zh_tw: text: 柯南・道爾所著的 56 篇故事和四部小說
en: text: Conan Doyle's 56 short stories and four novels

context: zh_tw: 在 1951 年展覽結束後，展品被轉送到位於倫敦的歇洛克・福爾摩斯酒吧，以及在瑞士 Lucens 的福爾摩斯展覽館。兩個展覽顧，包括貝克街起居室依然對公眾開放。
en: For the 1951 Festival of Britain, Holmes's living room was reconstructed as part of a Sherlock Holmes exhibition, with a collection of original material. After the festival, items were transferred to The Sherlock Holmes (a London pub) and the Conan Doyle collection housed in Lucens, Switzerland by the author's son, Adrian. Both exhibitions, each with a Baker Street sitting-room reconstruction, are open to the public.
qas: question: zh_tw: 每個展覽包括什麼？
en: What does each exhibit contain?
answers: zh_tw: text: 貝克街起居室
en: text: Baker Street sitting-room