女權辯護
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

context: zh_tw: 《女權辯護：關於政治和道德問題的批評》（英語：A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects，下文簡稱《女權》），是 18 世紀英國女權主義者瑪麗・沃斯通克拉夫特於 1792 年出版的著作，是女權主義哲學最早的一批作品之一。在這本書中，沃斯通克拉夫特對 18 世紀的那些試圖否認女性教育的教育和政治理論家進行回擊。她認為女性的教育程度應當相稱於她們的社會地位。她主張國家必須要有女性，因為女性教育了她們的子女，且因為她們能夠成為丈夫們的 “伴侶”，而不僅僅是妻子。沃斯通克拉夫特還主張：作為人類的女性應當享有與男性相同的基本權利，而不應被視作是社會的裝飾品或是婚姻交易中的財產。
en: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792), written by the 18th-century British proto-feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. In it, Wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of the 18th century who did not believe women should receive a rational education. She argues that women ought to have an education commensurate with their position in society, claiming that women are essential to the nation because they educate its children and because they could be "companions" to their husbands, rather than mere wives. Instead of viewing women as ornaments to society or property to be traded in marriage, Wollstonecraft maintains that they are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men.
qas: question: zh_tw: 她形容女性夠成為丈夫們的什麼，而不僅僅是妻子？
en: How does she describe what women could be for their husbands instead of just wives?
answers: zh_tw: text: 伴侶
en: text: companions

context: zh_tw: 沃斯通克拉夫特在《女權》中這樣題獻給塔列朗：“很高興地讀完了您最近發表的小冊子，我將本書題獻給閣下：以勸誘您重新考慮這個議題，並充分地衡量我進一步提到的女權與國民教育。” 在同一年，法國女權主義者奧蘭普・德古熱發表了她的《女性和女性公民權宣言》，自此，女權這一問題分別成為了法國與英國的政治辯論的中心。《女權》是沃斯通克拉夫特在《男權》一書中論點的延伸。在《男權》中，顧名思義，沃斯通克拉夫特將關注的焦點集中於特定男性群體（18 世紀的英國男性）的權利上，而在《女權》裡，她則關注於向 “女性” 這一抽象類所提供的權利。她並沒有將她的論點限制於 18 世紀的女性或英國的女性。《女權》的第一章中提出了自然權利的問題，併發問：誰才擁有這些不可剝奪的權利，並以什麼理由擁有。她對此這樣回答道：因為自然權利是上帝所賦予的，那麼社會的一部分去否認另一部分的這些權利便違抗了上帝的旨意。因此，《女權》一書不僅討論了發生於英法兩國的特定事件，還觸及到了同時代的政治哲學家洛克與盧梭提出的許多更大的問題。
en: Wollstonecraft dedicated the Rights of Woman to Talleyrand: "Having read with great pleasure a pamphlet which you have lately published, I dedicate this volume to you; to induce you to reconsider the subject, and maturely weigh what I have advanced respecting the rights of woman and national education." At the end of 1791, French feminist Olympe de Gouges had published her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, and the question of women's rights became central to political debates in both France and Britain.The Rights of Woman is an extension of Wollstonecraft's arguments in the Rights of Men. In the Rights of Men, as the title suggests, she is concerned with the rights of particular men (18th-century British men) while in the Rights of Woman, she is concerned with the rights afforded to "woman", an abstract category. She does not isolate her argument to 18th-century women or British women. The first chapter of the Rights of Woman addresses the issue of natural rights and asks who has those inalienable rights and on what grounds. She answers that since natural rights are given by God, for one segment of society to deny them to another segment is a sin. The Rights of Woman thus engages not only specific events in France and in Britain but also larger questions being raised by political philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
qas: question: zh_tw: 沃斯通克拉夫特有何關注？
en: Wollstonecraft was concerned with what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 特定男性群體（18 世紀的英國男性）的權利
en: text: the rights of particular men

context: zh_tw: 不過，沃斯通克拉夫特的平等觀點卻與她對男性在力量與勇氣上擁有之優越地位的敬重相對立。在以下的這段著名引文中，她模稜兩可地寫道：
en: However, Wollstonecraft's arguments for equality stand in contrast to her statements respecting the superiority of masculine strength and valour. Wollstonecraft famously and ambiguously states:
qas: question: zh_tw: 沃斯通克拉夫特認為男性比女性更好地表現出什麼樣的品質？
en: What qualities did Wollstonecraft consider to be better exhibited by men than women?
answers: zh_tw: text: 力量與勇氣
en: text: strength and valour