zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
索菲婭・維加拉
Sofía Vergara

context: zh_tw: 索菲婭・瑪格麗塔・維加拉・維加拉（西班牙語：Sofía Margarita Vergara Vergara，1972 年 7 月 10 日－）出生於哥倫比亞北部城市巴蘭幾亞，是哥倫比亞裔的美國女演員、喜劇演員、製片人、電視主持人、模特兒和商人。
en: Sofía Margarita Vergara Vergara (Spanish: [soˈfi.a βeɾˈɣaɾa]; born July 10, 1972) is a Colombian-American actress and model. Vergara rose to prominence while co-hosting two television shows for Spanish-language television network Univisión in the late 1990s. Her first notable acting job in English was in the film Chasing Papi (2003). Subsequently, she appeared in other films, including Four Brothers (2005) and two Tyler Perry films: Meet the Browns (2008) and Madea Goes to Jail (2009), receiving an ALMA Award nomination for the latter. Vergara's success on television has earned her roles in films The Smurfs (2011), New Year's Eve (2011), The Three Stooges (2012), Machete Kills (2013), Chef (2014), and Hot Pursuit (2015); and voice-over roles in Happy Feet Two (2011), Escape from Planet Earth (2013) and The Emoji Movie (2017). In 2012, 2013, and 2016, she was the top-earning actress on US television.Vergara stars on the ABC series Modern Family as Gloria Delgado-Pritchett, for which she has been nominated for four Golden Globe Awards, four Primetime Emmy Awards, and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards.
qas: question: zh_tw: 維加拉是哪一年出生的？
en: What year was Vergara born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1972
en: text: 1972
2016 年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌榜
2016 Summer Olympics medal table

context: zh_tw: 2016 年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌榜列出參與本屆奧運會並獲得獎牌的隊伍與其所得獎牌枚數。依照國際奧林匹克委員會的官方排名榜排列，即首先衡量金牌枚數的多少，銀牌次之，最後對比銅牌枚數。而北美洲則以獎牌總數來決定排名。若兩支或以上的隊伍在同一時間擁有相同的金、銀、銅牌枚數，則排同一名次，並採用國際奧委會發布的國家或地區編碼，依首字母順序進行排列。本屆奧運的科索沃、斐濟、越南、新加坡、波多黎各、巴林、約旦、塔吉克和象牙海岸獲得首面金牌，其中科索沃、斐濟和約旦更首次獲得獎牌。另外亦首次有獨立奧林匹克運動員獲得金牌。
en: This is the table of the medal count of the 2016 Summer Olympics, based on the medal count of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). These rankings sort by the number of gold medals, earned by a National Olympic Committee (NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IOC Country Code. Although this information is provided by the IOC, the IOC itself does not recognize or endorse any ranking system.The 2016 Summer Olympic program featured 28 sports with 41 disciplines, and a total of 306 events, tentatively resulting in 306 medal sets to be distributed. Athletes from 87 countries won medals, and 59 of them won at least one gold medal. Both of these categories set new records. 120 countries did not win a medal.
qas: question: zh_tw: 應用了所有以前的標準之後，平局的結果是什麼？
en: What is the result of a tie after all previous criteria has been applied?
answers: zh_tw: text: 採用國際奧委會發布的國家或地區編碼，依首字母順序進行排列
en: text: equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IOC Country Code
計算機病毒

context: zh_tw: 多型是第一個對防毒軟體造成嚴重威脅的技術。就像一般被加密的病毒，一個多型病毒以一個加密的自身複製感染檔案，並由其解密模組加以解碼。但是其加密模組在每一次的感染中也會有所修改。因此，一個仔細設計的多型病毒在每一次感染中沒有一個部分是相同的。這使得使用病毒特徵碼進行偵測變得困難。防毒軟體必須在一模擬器上對該病毒加以解密進而偵知該病毒，或是利用加密病毒其統計樣板上的分析。要使得多型程式碼成為可能，病毒必須在其加密處有一個多型引擎（又稱突變引擎）。關於多型引擎的技術細節請參閱 Polymorphic code。
qas: question: zh_tw: 要使得多型程式碼成為可能，病毒必須在其加密處有一個什麼？
en: What does the virus require to enable polymorphic code?
answers: zh_tw: text: 有一個多型引擎

question: zh_tw: 哪種病毒可以修改解密模組？
en: What type of viruses modify decryption modules?
answers: zh_tw: text: 多型
史丹佛大學

context: zh_tw: 史丹福大學面積達 8,180 - 英畝（3,310 - 公頃）的校園位於三藩市半島。這在聖克拉拉谷（矽谷）西北部、三藩市中心東南邊約 37 英里（60 公里）及聖荷西西北邊約 20 英里（32 公里）處。大學本部接近帕羅奧圖，由史丹福大街及沙山路分隔。除主校區外，大學資產亦遍佈其他一些外圍地方。大學位於非建制地區聖塔克拉拉縣的本部為人口普查指定的區域。不過，某些大學資產（包括史丹福購物中心及史丹福研究園區）則在帕羅奧圖區內。另外，同為非建制區的聖馬刁郡（這裡包括 SLAC 國家加速器及碧玉嶺生物保護區）、門洛派克、伍德賽德及波托拉谷的大部分地方亦為史丹福大學的土地。美國郵政署給予大學兩個郵區編號：94305（用於校園郵件）及 94309（郵政信箱）。大學隸屬 650 編碼區域。
qas: question: zh_tw: 它位於聖荷西的西北部多少英里的地方？
en: How many miles northwest of San Jose is it located?
answers: zh_tw: text: 20 英里

context: zh_tw: 碧玉嶺生物保護區：位於主校區南邊，佔地 1,200 - 英畝（490 - 公頃）。為校方資產，供野生生物學家進行考察與研究。
qas: question: zh_tw: 大學利用哪個研究空間進行科學和自然的研究？
en: the university utilizes which space for research pertaining to science and nature?
answers: zh_tw: text: 碧玉嶺生物保護區
亞氨基鋰
Lithium imide

context: zh_tw: 亞氨基鋰是一種無機化合物，化學式為 Li2NH。它是一種白色貝殼狀晶體，在陽光下變為磚紅色。因為它此時轉變成了氨基鋰和氮化鋰:
en: Lithium imide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Li2NH. This white solid can be formed by a reaction between lithium amide and lithium hydride.
qas: question: zh_tw: 白色固體是如何形成的？
en: How is the white solid formed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 轉變成了氨基鋰和氮化鋰
en: text: a reaction between lithium amide and lithium hydride
威爾斯親王查爾斯
Charles, Prince of Wales

context: zh_tw: 查爾斯於 1948 年 11 月 14 日，晚上 9 時 14 分在倫敦白金漢宮出生，是為愛丁堡的查爾斯王子（Prince Charles of Edinburgh）。在他母親 1952 年繼承英國王位後，他自動成為康沃爾公爵。這個頭銜始自英國國王愛德華三世繼位後，就一直賜封與英國君主的長子。而查爾斯也立即獲封一系列傳統的蘇格蘭的貴族頭銜，如羅撒西公爵、卡利克伯爵。
en: Charles was born at Buckingham Palace in London during the reign of his maternal grandfather George VI on 14 November 1948, at 9:14 pm (GMT), the first child of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. He was baptised in the palace's Music Room by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, on 15 December 1948.
qas: question: zh_tw: 查爾斯出生在什麼地方？
en: Where was Charles born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在倫敦白金漢宮
en: text: Buckingham Palace in London

context: zh_tw: 1996 年 8 月 28 日，查爾斯和戴安娜正式離婚，結束了兩人 15 年的夫妻關係。他們在婚姻期間產下兩位王子，分別是威廉王子和哈利王子，兩人共同擁有撫養權。
en: Within five years, the marriage was in trouble due to the couple's incompatibility and near 13-year age difference. Charles resumed his relationship with his former girlfriend Camilla Parker Bowles, and Diana began one with Major James Hewitt, the family's former riding instructor. Their evident discomfort in each other's company led to them being dubbed "The Glums" by the press. Diana exposed Charles's affair with Camilla in a book by Andrew Morton, Diana, Her True Story. Audio tapes of her own extramarital flirtations also surfaced. Persistent suggestions that Hewitt is Prince Harry's father have been based on a physical similarity between Hewitt and Harry. However, Harry had already been born by the time Diana's affair with Hewitt began.In December 1992, British Prime Minister John Major announced the couple's formal separation in Parliament. Earlier that year, the British press had published transcripts of a passionate bugged telephone conversation between Charles and Camilla from 1989. Prince Charles sought public understanding via a televised interview with Jonathan Dimbleby on 29 June 1994. In the interview, he confirmed his own extramarital affair with Camilla, saying that he had rekindled their association in 1986 only after his marriage to Diana had "irretrievably broken down". Charles and Diana divorced on 28 August 1996. Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris on 31 August of the following year; Charles flew to Paris with Diana's sisters to accompany her body back to Britain.
qas: question: zh_tw: 查爾斯和黛安娜何時正式離婚？
en: When did Charles and Diana officially separate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1996 年 8 月
en: text: August 1996
安德烈斯・伊涅斯塔
Andrés Iniesta

context: zh_tw: 伊涅斯塔在 2001 年代表西班牙參加歐洲 16 歲以下青年錦標賽，發揮出色，幫助西班牙獲得冠軍。在隨後的一年，繼續征戰歐洲 19 歲以下青年錦標賽再次幫助西班牙取得錦標。2003 年，他入選西班牙青年隊，參加國際足聯的世界青年足球錦標賽並打入決賽，同時入選了當屆的最佳陣容。
en: Iniesta burst on to the international scene in 2001, helping Spain win the UEFA European Under-16 Championship. After representing his country at the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship held in Trinidad and Tobago, he was in the squad that claimed the UEFA European Under-19 Championship the following year. From then, he became a regular choice for youth coach Juan Santisteban. In 2003, he was part of the side that reached the FIFA World Youth Championship final in the United Arab Emirates, and was named in the FIFA all-star team. During his spell with the Spain U21 side, Iniesta was named captain on several occasions.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他在什麼比賽中位列全明星陣容？
en: What competition was he named in the all star team?
answers: zh_tw: text: 國際足聯的世界青年足球錦標賽並打入決賽，同時入選了當屆的最佳陣容
en: text: FIFA all-star team
雪茄
Cigar

context: zh_tw: 雪茄的菸草的主要生產國是巴西、喀麥隆、古巴、多明尼加共和國、宏都拉斯、印尼、墨西哥、尼加拉瓜和美國。古巴生產的雪茄普遍被認為是雪茄中的極品，但有不少的專家認為宏都拉斯和尼加拉瓜頂級雪茄同樣具競爭力。古巴雪茄的優勢在於下布埃爾塔（Vuelta Abajo）地區適宜菸草生長的小氣候，同時歸功於當地雪茄製作人的手藝。
en: Two firms dominate the cigar industry. Altadis produces cigars in the United States, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras, and has a 50% stake in Corporación Habanos in Cuba. It also makes cigarettes. Scandinavian Tobacco Group produces cigars in the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Indonesia, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and the United States; it also makes pipe tobacco and fine cut tobacco. The Group includes General Cigar Co.The town of Tamboril in Santiago, Dominican Republic is considered by many as today's "Cigar Capital of the World" housing more cigar factories and rollers than anywhere else in the world.  According to magazine Cigar Aficionado, 44% of the world's most traded cigars come from the Dominican Republic, the world’s largest producer of cigars, especially from the fertile lands of the Cibao capital, where 90% of the factories are located The area has also been the largest supplier of cigars to the United States in the last decades
qas: question: zh_tw: 斯堪的納維亞菸草公司從哪些國家生產雪茄？
en: What countries does Scandinavian tobacco group produce cigars from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 巴西、喀麥隆、古巴、多明尼加共和國、宏都拉斯、印尼、墨西哥、尼加拉瓜和美國
en: text: Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Indonesia, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and the United States
凱特・溫斯蕾
Kate Winslet

context: zh_tw: 凱特・伊麗莎白・溫斯蕾，CBE，（英語：Kate Elizabeth Winslet，1975 年 10 月 5 日－）是一位知名英國女演員與歌手。較為人熟知的作品是在《夢幻天堂》（1994）中的茱麗葉・休姆、《理性與感性》（1995）中的瑪麗安・達斯伍及《鐵達尼號》（1997）中的蘿絲、《長路將盡》、《王牌冤家》的克蕾婷、《身為人母》的莎菈・皮爾斯、《為愛朗讀》的漢娜・舒密士與《真愛旅程》中的愛波。
en: Kate Elizabeth Winslet,  (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress. She is particularly known for her work in period dramas and tragedies, and is often drawn to portraying troubled women. Winslet is the recipient of several accolades, including three British Academy Film Awards, and is among the few performers to have won Academy, Emmy, and Grammy Awards.
qas: question: zh_tw: 凱特・伊麗莎白・溫斯萊特是什麼國籍的？
en: What nationality was Kate Elizabeth Winslet?
answers: zh_tw: text: Winslet，1975 年 10 月 5 日－）是一位知名英國女演員與歌手。
en: text: English
棕尾虹雉

context: zh_tw: 棕尾虹雉與其他虹雉屬鳥類一樣，活動於海拔 2400-4500 米（主要聚集於海拔 2700-3700 米的地區）的針闊混交林、針葉林、灌木叢、草甸等地帶，一般在灌叢、岩石下或樹洞中築巢，冬季會下到海拔 2000 米左右的地方生活。
qas: question: zh_tw: 它住在哪裡？
en: where does it live in?
answers: zh_tw: text: 針葉林

context: zh_tw: 棕尾虹雉屬於大型雉類，體長在 70 釐米左右。雄鳥和雌鳥分別重 1980-2380 克和 1800-2150 克。本物種雄雌異色。雄鳥成鳥通體有多種色彩。頭部為銅綠色，紅色羽冠較長，具匙狀羽端。上體羽毛呈銅綠、紫及藍綠等色，具有金屬光澤；翅膀表面呈金屬紫色，銅綠色緣。尾羽為棕紅色，下體羽毛為黑褐色，嘴角褐色，腳黃綠色或褐綠色。雌鳥顏色暗淡，通體羽毛呈棕褐色，有黑色、棕色和黃色紋路。頦部、喉部及下背為白色，尾羽為棕色和黑色，尖端為白色。
qas: question: zh_tw: 雄性體重是多少？
en: What does the male weigh?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2380 克
氫氧化鈉
Sodium hydroxide

context: zh_tw: 氫氧化鈉為常用的化學品之一。其應用廣泛，為很多工業過程的必需品：常用於製造木漿紙張、紡織品、肥皂及其他清潔劑等，另也用於家用的水管疏通劑。2004 年全球總共製造了六千萬噸的氫氧化鈉，而總消耗量為五千一百萬噸。
en: Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·nH2O. The monohydrate NaOH·H2O crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, it is frequently utilized alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students.Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand was 51 million tonnes.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個數量更多，全球製造還是 2004 年的需求？
en: Which was higher in number, the worldwide production or the demand in 2004?
answers: zh_tw: text: 全球總共製造
en: text: Worldwide production
列式資料庫
Column-oriented DBMS

context: zh_tw: 這只是一個簡化的說法。此外，partitioning, 索引，快取機制，檢視，聯機分析多維資料集，以及諸如 預寫式日誌 和 multiversion concurrency control 此類的事務系統都在現實的應用環境中發揮作用。一般來說，側重於聯機事務處理 (OLTP) 的系統更適用行資料庫，而側重於聯機分析處理 的系統就必須在行資料庫和列資料庫中找到適當得平衡。
en: Whether or not a column-oriented system will be more efficient in operation depends heavily on the workload being automated.  Operations that retrieve all the data for a given object (the entire row) are slower.  A row-based system can retrieve the row in a single disk read, whereas numerous disk operations to collect data from multiple columns are required from a columnar database.  However, these whole-row operations are generally rare.  In the majority of cases, only a limited subset of data is retrieved.  In a rolodex application, for instance, collecting the first and last names from many rows to build a list of contacts is far more common than reading all data for any single address.  This is even more true for writing data into the database, especially if the data tends to be "sparse" with many optional columns. For this reason, column stores have demonstrated excellent real-world performance in spite of many theoretical disadvantages.Partitioning, indexing, caching, views, OLAP cubes, and transactional systems such as write-ahead logging or multiversion concurrency control all dramatically affect the physical organization of either system. That said, online transaction processing (OLTP)-focused RDBMS systems are more row-oriented, while online analytical processing (OLAP)-focused systems are a balance of row-oriented and column-oriented.
qas: question: zh_tw: 大多數以 OLTP 為重點的 RDBMS 系統的定位是什麼？
en: What orientation are most OLTP focused RDBMS systems?
answers: zh_tw: text: 此類的事務系統都在現實的應用環境中發揮作用。
en: text: row-oriented
向井千秋
Chiaki Mukai

context: zh_tw: 從 1987 年到 1988 年，向井千秋以日本宇宙航空研究開發機構宇航員身分，擔任美國國家航空暨太空總署林頓・約翰遜太空中心太空生物醫學研究所的訪問學者。自 1992 年以來，向井千秋是德克薩斯州休斯敦貝勒醫學院外科研究講師。從 1992 年到 1998 年，她是慶應義塾大學醫學院外科部客座副教授，並在 1999 年晉升為大學客座教授。
en: In 1985, Mukai was selected as one of three Japanese Payload Specialist candidates for the First Material Processing Test (Spacelab-J) which flew aboard STS-47. She also served as a back-up payload specialist for the Neurolab (STS-90) mission. Mukai has logged over 566 hours in space. She flew aboard STS-65 in 1994 and STS-95 in 1998. She is the first Japanese woman to fly in space, and the first Japanese citizen to fly twice.As a NASDA astronaut, she was a visiting scientist at the Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Space Biomedical Research Institute, NASA Johnson Space Center, from 1987 to 1988. Mukai has remained a Research Instructor of the Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, since 1992. From 1992 to 1998 she was a visiting associate professor of the Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, and in 1999 was promoted to a visiting professor of the university.On October 1, 2003, NASDA merged with ISAS (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) and NAL (National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan) and was renamed Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
qas: question: zh_tw: 無界的國籍是什麼？
en: What is the nationality of Mukai?
answers: zh_tw: text: 日本
en: text: Japanese
英雄本色 (遊戲)
Max Payne (video game)

context: zh_tw: 操控遊戲中人物的人工智慧相當依賴預先寫好的指令（pre-script commands）。大多數非主角的人物，他們顯得有智慧的行為，例如槍戰時躲在掩蔽物後面、撤退或是丟手榴彈，都是百分之百預先寫好的動作。因此當重玩此遊戲時，人物的動作會與之前是一模一樣的。
en: Initially, the player's weapon is a semi-automatic pistol. As the game progresses, other weapons become accessible, including melee and hand-thrown weapons. Some weapons can be dual wielded. Max regains health by taking painkillers, which can be found throughout the levels. The game's AI is dependent on pre-scripted commands: most of the behavior exhibited by enemies (such as taking cover, retreating from the player, or throwing grenades) is pre-scripted.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪些型別的操作控制 AI 的工作方式？
en: What type of actions control how the AI works?
answers: zh_tw: text: 預先寫好的指令
en: text: pre-scripted commands
紹索爾
Southall

context: zh_tw: 紹索爾（英語：Southall）是英國倫敦西部的一個地區，在行政區劃上屬於伊令倫敦自治市。位於查令十字以西 10.7 英里（17.2 公里）處。在倫敦計劃中，紹索爾被定為倫敦的 35 個都市中心之一。紹索爾現在仍然有運河通行。
en: Southall is a large suburban district of west London, England, and part of the London Borough of Ealing. It is situated 10.7 miles (17.2 km) west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include Yeading, Hayes, Hanwell, Hounslow, Greenford and Northolt. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.Southall is located on the Grand Union Canal (formerly the Grand Junction Canal) which first linked London with the rest of the growing canal system. It was one of the last canals to carry significant commercial traffic (through the 1950s) and is still open to traffic and is used by pleasure craft. It is generally divided in three parts: the area around Lady Margaret Road (sometimes called Dormers Wells); Southall Broadway (including the Uxbridge Road), and Old Southall/Southall Green to the south. The area is home to London's largest Sikh community.
qas: question: zh_tw: 紹索爾位於哪個行政區？
en: In which borough is Southall located?
answers: zh_tw: text: 查令
en: text: Ealing
空間向量調變
Space vector modulation

context: zh_tw: 開關在控制時，同一臂的上臂及下臂開關不能同時投入，同時投入時直流電源會短路。因此上下臂的動作訊號需要互相反相（除反相外還需要有延遟，以下先省略不計），也就是 A+ on 時，A−需為 off，反之亦然。因此逆變器會有八種不同的組合，分別是六個有效的向量及二個零向量。
en: The switches must be controlled so that at no time are both switches in the same leg turned on or else the DC supply would be shorted. This requirement may be met by the complementary operation of the switches within a leg. i.e. if A+ is on then A− is off and vice versa. This leads to eight possible switching vectors for the inverter, V0 through V7 with six active switching vectors and two zero vectors.
qas: question: zh_tw: 如果某條臂的兩個開關同時處於啟動狀態會發生什麼？
en: What happens if a particular leg has both switches in the on position?
answers: zh_tw: text: 直流電源會短路
en: text: the DC supply would be shorted
法赫爾丁・艾哈邁德
Fakhruddin Ahmed

context: zh_tw: 2007 年 1 月 12 日，亞傑丁・艾哈邁德總統宣佈法赫爾丁・艾哈邁德擔任臨時看守政府（政府型別）首席顧問，取代此前總統領導下的前臨時政府。法赫魯丁・艾哈邁德終結了無政府狀態，這種無政府狀態曾經威脅席捲這個動盪的國家。在一個被普遍認為是世界上最腐敗的國家，艾哈邁德在他任職期間進行反腐敗運動。
en: On 12 January 2007, President Iajuddin Ahmed swore him in as Chief Adviser to the Interim Caretaker Government, after the former interim government under the President was dissolved. Fakhruddin Ahmed is credited with bringing an end to the anarchy that had threatened to sweep the troubled nation. In a country widely perceived as one of the world's most corrupt, Ahmed stressed an anti-graft campaign against the establishment during his tenure.
qas: question: zh_tw: 總統什麼時候宣誓就職？
en: When was the President sworn in?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2007 年 1 月 12 日
en: text: 12 January 2007
第一代克萊武男爵羅伯特・克萊武

context: zh_tw: 陸軍少將羅伯特・克萊芙，第一代克萊芙男爵，KB，FRS（Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive，1725 年 9 月 29 日－1774 年 11 月 22 日），一譯羅伯特・克萊武，又稱印度的克萊芙（Clive of India），英國軍人、政治家，為不列顛東印度公司在孟加拉建立起軍事、政治霸權。他與沃倫・黑斯廷斯一樣，都是英屬印度殖民地建立過程中的早期關鍵人物。克萊芙還是託利黨國會議員。
qas: question: zh_tw: 印度的克萊芙是什麼時候去世的？
en: when did  the Clive of India pass on?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1774 年 11 月 22 日

context: zh_tw: 1767 年 2 月，克萊芙離開印度，再也沒有重返這個國家。1768 年，他在法國南部朗格多克 - 魯西永地區埃羅省住了一段時間。克萊芙向當地糕點師傅介紹了一種印度糕點，經改良後被稱為 Le petit pâté de Pézenas，已經成為當地特產之一。同年，克萊芙成為皇家學會院士。1769 年，他買下了一個近伊舍（Esher）的帶花園村屋，並委託蘭斯洛特・布朗（Capability Brown）重新設計。
qas: question: zh_tw: 克萊芙最後離開印度是什麼時候？
en: When did Clive last leave India?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1767 年
海石二
Iota Carinae

context: zh_tw: 海石二 (ι Car / 船底座 ι) 是船底座的恆星。它是夜空中最亮的恆星之一，俗名 Aspidiske, Scutulum 和 Turais (Tureis)。Turais 來源於阿拉伯語تُرَيْس turais "盾", 而 Aspidiske 和 Scutulum 則分別是其希臘譯名和拉丁譯名：ασπίδα 和 scūtum "盾".
en: (or Tureis, a name shared with Rho Puppis). Turais is from the Arabic تُرَيْس turais "shield" (diminutive), while Aspidiske and Scutulum are the Greek and Latin translations, the diminutives of ασπίδα and scūtum "shield". In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Aspidiske for this star.
qas: question: zh_tw: Aspidiske 和 Scutulum 是源自哪兒的語言？
en: What translations are Aspidiske and Scutulum from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 希臘譯名和拉丁譯名
en: text: Greek and Latin translations
巴利語
Pali

context: zh_tw: 在斯里蘭卡，巴利語文字記錄於新哈勒文（Sinhala，僧伽羅文）。其他地區文字，最顯著的有高棉文、緬甸文、傣文（傳統傣仂文）和現代泰文（自從 1893 年），天城文和東南亞孟族人（Mon）的孟文、寮文（寮國 Laos）也已經被用來記錄巴利語。
en: In Sri Lanka, Pali texts were recorded in Sinhala script.  Other local scripts, most prominently Khmer, Burmese, and in modern times Thai (since 1893), Devanāgarī and Mon script (Mon State, Burma) have been used to record Pali.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在斯里蘭卡，是哪種文字用來書寫巴利語文字的？
en: Which script was used for writing Palis in Sri Lanka?
answers: zh_tw: text: 新哈勒文
en: text: Sinhala script
開放式最短路徑優先

context: zh_tw: 開放式最短路徑優先（英語：Open Shortest Path First，縮寫為 OSPF）是對鏈路狀態路由協議的一種實現，隸屬內部閘道器協議（IGP），故運作於自治系統內部。採用戴克斯特拉演算法（Dijkstra's algorithm）被用來計算最短路徑樹。它使用 “代價（Cost）” 作為路由度量。鏈路狀態資料庫（LSDB）用來儲存當前網路拓撲結構，路由器上屬於同一區域的鏈路狀態資料庫是相同的（屬於多個區域的路由器會為每個區域維護一份鏈路狀態資料庫）。OSPF 分為 OSPFv2 和 OSPFv3 兩個版本，其中 OSPFv2 用在 IPv4 網路，OSPFv3 用在 IPv6 網路。OSPFv2 是由 RFC 2328 定義的，OSPFv3 是由 RFC 5340 定義的。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一版本用於 IPv6 網路？
en: What version are updates for IPv6?
answers: zh_tw: text: OSPFv3

context: zh_tw: 廣播網路即可以同時連線多於兩臺裝置的網路，如乙太網、令牌環網、FDDI。廣播網路上的路由器傳送的組播 / 廣播資料包會被其他與之相連的路由器收到。在廣播網路上的 OSPF 路由器會選舉一臺指定路由器（DR）和一臺備份指定路由器（BDR）。所有始發於 DR 和 BDR 的 OSPF 資料包使用目的地址 224.0.0.5，以組播方式傳送到所有其他 OSPF 路由器，所有其他的路由器都將使用目的地址 224.0.0.6，以組播方式傳送 OSPF 資料包到 DR 和 BDR。所有其他的路由器只與 DR 和 BDR 建立完全鄰接關係。
qas: question: zh_tw: 只與其形成鄰接的兩件事物是什麼？
en: What are the only two things it forms adjacencies with?
answers: zh_tw: text: DR 和 BDR

context: zh_tw: OSPF 使用 “代價（Cost）” 作為路由的度量值（Metric），路徑的度量值越低，說明該路徑越好，具有最低度量值的路徑將裝入路由表。代價是根據介面所配置的頻寬來計算的，頻寬越高，代價越低。在 Cisco 路由器上，預設情況下使用公式 10^8 / 頻寬（10^8 是基準值，可以調整；頻寬的單位是 bit/s）來計算代價。例如，介面頻寬為 100Mbit/s，則代價為 1；介面頻寬為 1000Mbit/s，計算所得的代價還是 1（如果計算所得的代價小於 1，則按 1 計算）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 根據 Cisco 度量標準，100Mbit/s 連結的代價為多少？
en: How much will a 100Mbit /s link will cost according to Cisco metric??
answers: zh_tw: text: 代價為 1
火星軌道探測器
Mars Orbiter Mission

context: zh_tw: 火星甲烷探測器 (MSM)：重 2.94kg 粒子環境研究火星外大氣層中性粒子質譜儀 (MENCA)：重 3.56kg 表面成像研究彩色相機 (MCC)：火星表面資訊。重 1.27kg
en: Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA) – is a quadrupole mass analyser capable of analysing the neutral composition of particles in the range of 1–300 amu (atomic mass unit) with unit mass resolution. The heritage of this payload is from Chandra's Altitudinal Composition Explorer (CHACE) payload aboard the Moon Impact Probe (MIP) in Chandrayaan-1 mission. MENCA is planned to perform five observations per orbit with one hour per observation.
qas: question: zh_tw: MENCA 是指什麼？
en: What does MENCA stand for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 火星外大氣層中性粒子質譜儀
en: text: Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser
蛇鵜
Darter

context: zh_tw: 蛇鵜是一種兩性異形的換羽大鳥。他們的體長約 80 至 100 釐米（31 至 39 英寸），翼展約 120 釐米（47 英寸），體重約 1,050 至 1,350 克（37 至 48 盎司）。雄蛇鵜的羽毛呈黑色或深棕色，脖子上有個短的向上的彎，喙比雌蛇鵜大。雌蛇鵜的羽毛顏色要淺得多，尤其是頸部和腹部，而且雌蛇鵜的體形較大。在長長的肩胛和上覆羽上，它們都長有灰點。蛇鵜尖銳的喙有著鋸齒狀邊緣和索顎型的顎，而且沒有外鼻孔。蛇鵜有完整的蹼，他們的腿很短，並且長在身體非常靠後的部位。蛇鵜不換羽，但是露出的部分會雖季節改變顏色。在繁殖季節，他們的小喉囊由粉色或黃色變為黑色，而裸露的面部皮膚由黃色或黃綠色變為綠松色。它們的虹膜隨季節在黃色、紅色或棕色之間變化。剛孵出來的小蛇鵜沒有羽毛，但很快就長出白色或黃褐色的絨羽。蛇鵜在飛翔或棲息時，叫聲中會含有一種滴答聲或咔噠聲。在築巢時，成年蛇鵜透過嘎嘎聲、呼嚕聲或格格聲來交流。在繁殖期，成年蛇鵜有時會發出鴉叫聲或嘆息聲，或者發出嘶嘶的叫聲。雛鳥則透過嘯聲或粗叫聲來交流。
en: Anhingidae are large birds with sexually dimorphic plumage. They measure about 80 to 100 cm (2.6 to 3.3 ft) in length, with a wingspan around 120 cm (3.9 ft), and weigh some 1,050 to 1,350 grams (37 to 48 oz). The males have black and dark-brown plumage, a short erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage, especially on the neck and underparts, and are a bit larger overall. Both have grey stippling on long scapulars and upper wing coverts.  The sharply pointed bill has serrated edges, a desmognathous palate and no external nostrils. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body.There is no eclipse plumage, but the bare parts vary in color around the year. During breeding, however, their small gular sac changes from pink or yellow to black, and the bare facial skin, otherwise yellow or yellow-green, turns turquoise. The iris changes in color between yellow, red or brown seasonally. The young hatch naked, but soon grow white or tan down.Darter vocalizations include a clicking or rattling when flying or perching. In the nesting colonies, adults communicate with croaks, grunts or rattles. During breeding, adults sometimes give a caw or sighing or hissing calls. Nestlings communicate with squealing or squawking calls.
qas: question: zh_tw: 安興達的翼展有多大？
en: How large are the Anhingidae's wingspans?
answers: zh_tw: text: 120 釐米（47 英寸）
en: text: 120 cm (3.9 ft)
2011 年巴基斯坦地震
2011 Dalbandin earthquake

context: zh_tw: 達爾本丁地區大約 200 座泥質住房，包括部分政府辦公大樓在地震中損毀。兩名婦女在地震發生後死於心臟病發作。
en: About 200 mud houses, including some government offices, were reported damaged in the Dalbandin area of Pakistan. Two women died of heart attacks in Quetta after the earthquake, about 330 km northeast of the epicenter, where the Mercalli intensity was IV (Light).
qas: question: zh_tw: 多少房子被破壞了？
en: How many homes were reportedly damaged?
answers: zh_tw: text: 200 座
en: text: 200
薩達爾・瓦拉巴伊・帕特爾
Vallabhbhai Patel

context: zh_tw: 薩達爾・瓦拉巴伊・帕特爾（古吉拉特語：સરદાર વલ્લભભાઈ પટેલ，印地語：सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल，英語：Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel；1875 年 10 月 31 日－1950 年 12 月 15 日）為印度著名政治人物、社會活動家，在印度獨立運動中發揮主要作用。他是印度國大黨一名領袖，印度共和國的奠基人，同樣也是印度獨立後的第一任副總理和內政部長。他在印度常被稱為 “薩達爾”，在印度各主要語言中即首領、領袖之意。
en: Vallabhbhai  Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning "chief" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement.
qas: question: zh_tw: 瓦拉巴伊・帕特爾什麼時候去世的？
en: When did Vallabhbhai Patel die?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1950 年 12 月 15 日
en: text: 15 December 1950
皮克斯動畫工作室

context: zh_tw: 由於電腦業務不利，喬布斯投入越來越多的資金，並從管理層和員工中掌握越來越多的所有權；最後，在這幾年裡皮克斯總共獲得的 5000 萬美元投資幾乎都由喬布斯提供。約翰・拉薩特領導的動畫部門開始為其他公司提供電腦動畫製作服務，例如為純果樂、李施德林與 Life Savers 製作電視廣告。1990 年 4 月，皮克斯向 Vicom Systems 出售其硬體部門，包括所有的專有硬體技術和影象處理軟體，並從 100 名員工中裁員 18 人，將辦公地點從聖拉斐爾遷到里士滿。當年，皮克斯淨虧損 830 萬美元。在這個時期，皮克斯仍保持與迪士尼動畫的合作，並使其最終成為最重要的合作伙伴。1991 年，經過一個艱難的開始後，皮克斯又裁員 30 人，其中包括公司總裁查克・柯斯塔，從而使員工數僅剩 42 人，基本上與最初相同。當年，皮克斯接到了迪士尼動畫的一個訂單。迪士尼動畫作為製片方投資 2600 萬美元，由皮克斯製作三部電腦動畫，第一部為《玩具總動員》。在那時，皮克斯僅剩下開發 RenderMan 與 CAPS 的軟體程式設計師們，以及拉薩特的製作電視廣告、為 Nickelodeon Creative Labs 製作 3-D Stings、為芝麻街製作短片的動畫部門。
qas: question: zh_tw: 這兩家公司涉及的協議金額是多少？
en: How much money was involved in the agreement between these two companies?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2600 萬

question: zh_tw: 皮克斯的合作伙伴是誰？
en: Who was Pixar's partner?
answers: zh_tw: text: 迪士尼動畫

context: zh_tw: 雙方在 2004 年開始新一輪的談判。皮克斯想要保留自己動畫電影的全部版權，完全自主投資且得到 100% 的利潤，而只付給迪士尼 10-15% 的發行費用。更重要的是，皮克斯要求取得之前 5 部動畫電影的全部版權，其中包括《超人總動員》和《賽車總動員》。迪士尼表示條件無法接受。
qas: question: zh_tw: 皮克斯只想支付發行費用給哪家公司？
en: What company did Pixar only want to pay a distribution fee to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 迪士尼

context: zh_tw: 由於喬布斯和迪士尼的 CEO 邁克爾・艾斯納都不願讓步，使得之後的談判陷入僵局。皮克斯開始尋求迪士尼之外的發行商，而迪士尼也開始準備由自己的電腦動畫部製作自己的《玩具總動員 3》。經過漫長的沉寂，兩家公司的談判又於 2005 年 9 月恢復。在此之前，為應對皮克斯與迪士尼之間可能存在的後果，喬布斯於 2004 年底宣佈皮克斯原計劃於 2005 年末發行的電影《汽車總動員》推遲到 2006 年夏天發行。之前皮克斯的電影大都在年底上線，但夏天發行可以獲得更好的票房，同時也可以保證在每年的聖誕購物季節能夠推出 DVD。喬布斯這樣做也為了將《汽車總動員》留在皮克斯自己的控制中，以應對事態的發展。
qas: question: zh_tw: 皮克斯和迪斯尼之間的衝突發生在哪一年？
en: Which year did the fallout between Pixar and Disney occur?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2004 年
13 小時：班加西的秘密士兵

context: zh_tw: 在 911 襲擊事件 11 週年的早晨，史蒂文斯發現有可疑男子在拍攝工作站。席維亞得知他的妻子懷孕了。當晚，利比亞伊斯蘭教法團安薩爾旅的一群武裝份子襲擊了外交駐點，2 月 17 日烈士旅很快就棄械投降，武裝份子大舉攻佔駐點。威克蘭帶著史蒂文斯與西恩・史密斯躲進安全房。武裝份子無法攻進房間，便放火打算燻死三人，威克蘭成功逃脫，但史蒂文斯與史密斯則未能逃出火海。工作站的 GRS 小隊試圖支援駐點，但被站長拒絕。站長擔心此舉會使該秘密工作站曝光。
qas: question: zh_tw: 如果 GRS 小隊去支援，站長擔心會曝光什麼？
en: Who was the chief worried would be found out if the GRS team went to help?
answers: zh_tw: text: 該秘密工作站

context: zh_tw: 2015 年 1 月 14 日，約翰・卡拉辛斯基加入劇組擔任主演並飾演一名美國海豹部隊隊員。2 月 3 日，帕布・羅薛伯簽約參演，飾演六人維安團隊中的一人。2 月 6 日，詹姆斯・貝吉・戴爾被選為團隊中的領導者。馬克斯・馬丁尼於 2015 年 2 月 17 日加入片中飾演團隊成員之一。3 月 3 日，大衛・丹曼簽約飾演一名狙擊手。2015 年 3 月 5 日，據《好萊塢報導》，多米尼克・福穆薩也參演了電影，在當中詮釋一位前海軍武器專家和六人小隊成員之一。3 月 17 日，佛瑞迪・史卓瑪將飾演於利比亞臥底的 CIA 特工。託比・史蒂芬於 5 月 7 日加入劇組，飾演全球應對人員（GRS）和團隊成員之一。
qas: question: zh_tw: 關於福穆薩是什麼時候釋出的訊息？
en: When was information released regarding Fumusa?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2015 年 3 月 5 日
萊赫・瓦文薩

context: zh_tw: 萊赫・瓦文薩（Lech Wałęsa，IPA：波蘭語：[ˈlɛɣ vaˈwɛ̃sa]（ 聽）；1943 年 9 月 29 日－）是現代波蘭政治家、人權運動家、前團結工會領導人，前波蘭總統。
qas: question: zh_tw: 萊赫・瓦文薩何時出生？
en: When was Lech Walesa born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1943 年 9 月 29 日

context: zh_tw: 1978 年，瓦文薩 - 加入了一個非法的地下工會。1980 年，格但斯克的列寧造船廠再度發生罷工，瓦文薩成為罷工的領導者。格但斯克及波蘭各地陸續有其它罷工響應。瓦文薩之後入獄，這次工運促成了團結工會的誕生。1981 年 3 月 10 日，瓦文薩與波蘭總理雅魯澤爾斯基在部長會議大樓進行了三個小時的會談。同年 3 月 22 日，瓦文薩再次與雅魯澤爾斯基舉行秘密會談。1981，瓦文薩年當選《時代雜誌》年度風雲人物，1983 年獲得諾貝爾和平獎。
qas: question: zh_tw: 瓦文薩在哪一年獲得諾貝爾和平獎？
en: What year did Walesa earn the Nobel Peace Prize?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1983 年
耶基斯天文臺
Yerkes Observatory

context: zh_tw: 葉凱士天文臺（Yerkes Observatory）座落於美國威斯康辛州威廉斯灣，附屬在芝加哥大學，於 1897 年由喬治・海爾創立，並獲當時大企業家查爾斯・耶基斯（Charles T. Yerkes）資助。
en: The observatory, which called itself "the birthplace of modern astrophysics", was founded in 1897 by astronomer George Ellery Hale and financed by businessman Charles T. Yerkes.
qas: question: zh_tw: 葉凱士天文臺獲得了誰的資助？
en: Who financed the observatory?
answers: zh_tw: text: 查爾斯・耶基斯
en: text: Charles T. Yerkes
伯爾赫斯・弗雷德裡克・斯金納
B. F. Skinner

context: zh_tw: 在心理學研究中，斯金納首先提出並改進了反應率這一概念作為因變數。他還發明瞭累積性記錄作為測量反應率的工具，後者為他的著名行為學理念強化的提出奠定了基礎。在 2002 年六月的一個調查中，斯金納被認為是 20 世紀最有影響力的心理學家之一。
en: Skinner was a prolific author who published 21 books and 180 articles.  Contemporary academia considers Skinner a pioneer of modern behaviorism, along with John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov. A June 2002 survey listed Skinner as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century.
qas: question: zh_tw: 何時進行調查？
en: When was the survey conducted?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2002 年六月
en: text: June 2002
新生兒黃疸
Neonatal jaundice

context: zh_tw: 與光療法非常相似，交換輸血的水平取決於新生兒的健康狀況和年齡。然而，它應該用於任何總血清膽紅素大於 428μmol/l（25mg/dL）的新生兒。
en: Much like with phototherapy the level at which exchange transfusion should occur depends on the health status and age of the newborn.  It should however be used for any newborn with a total serum bilirubin of greater than 428 μmol/l ( 25 mg/dL ).
qas: question: zh_tw: 一個新生兒要達到怎樣的指標才能達到輸血的合格要求？
en: How much should a newborn have in order to be eligible for the transfusion?
answers: zh_tw: text: 大於 428μmol/l
en: text: greater than 428 μmol/l
奧維德
Ovid

context: zh_tw: 普布利烏斯・奧維修斯・納索（Publius Ovidius Naso，一般根據他在英文世界的通稱稱其為奧維德（Ovid），前 43 年 3 月 20 日 - 17 年 / 18 年未能確認），是奧古斯都時代的古羅馬詩人，與賀拉斯、卡圖盧斯和維吉爾齊名，一般認為奧維德、賀拉斯和維吉爾是古羅馬文學的三位經典詩人之一。羅馬帝國學者昆提利安認為他是最後一位一流的拉丁愛情詩人。奧維德有很高的聲望，但後來被奧古斯都流放到黑海附近的地區，一直到他去世為止。奧維德自己認為流放的原因是因為 carmen et error（一首詩，一個錯誤），不過他在認定其原因的方式仍造成學者們許多的猜測。
en: Publius Ovidius Naso (Classical Latin: [ˈpu:.blɪ.ʊs ɔˈwɪ.dɪ.ʊs ˈnaː.soː]; 20 March 43 BC – 17/18 AD), known as Ovid () in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus. He was a contemporary of the older Virgil and Horace, with whom he is often ranked as one of the three canonical poets of Latin literature. The Imperial scholar Quintilian considered him the last of the Latin love elegists. He enjoyed enormous popularity, but, in one of the mysteries of literary history, was sent by Augustus into exile in a remote province on the Black Sea, where he remained until his death. Ovid himself attributes his exile to carmen et error, "a poem and a mistake", but his discretion in discussing the causes has resulted in much speculation among scholars.
qas: question: zh_tw: 著名的拉丁詩人是誰？
en: Who is a famous Latin poet?
answers: zh_tw: text: 普布利烏斯・奧維修斯・納索
en: text: Publius Ovidius Naso
漢斯・愛因斯坦

context: zh_tw: 1927 年，漢斯娶弗裡達・克內希特（Frieda Knecht）為妻。但諷刺的是，父親卻因為與（母親）米列娃的婚姻挫敗非常反對漢斯與弗裡達的婚事。
qas: question: zh_tw: 愛因斯坦何時結婚？
en: When did Einstein get married?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1927

context: zh_tw: 漢斯跟隨了其父阿爾伯特・愛因斯坦的道路，入讀位於瑞士蘇黎世的瑞士聯邦理工學院 (ETH)。他隨後在 1926 年獲得土木工程文憑，在 1926 年之 1930 年間任多蒙特某橋樑專案的結構工程師。1936 年，他從該校獲得科技博士學位，其博士論文 Bed Load Transport as a Probability Problem 奠定了泥沙運動力學的基礎。1933 年，父親阿爾伯特・愛因斯坦就離開了德國，以​​躲避納粹對猶太人的種族清洗。漢斯聽從父親的建議，於 1938 年從瑞士移居到美國南卡羅來納州格林維爾。他在 1938 年至 1943 年間於美國農業部任職，研究泥沙運動，隨後於 1943 年他開始在加州理工學院繼續為美國農業部工作。
qas: question: zh_tw: 他的學位是哪所大學授予的？
en: His degree was awarded by which institution?
answers: zh_tw: text: 瑞士聯邦理工學院
索哈・阿里・罕
Soha Ali Khan

context: zh_tw: 索哈・阿里・罕（ 孟加拉語：সোহা আলি খান, 烏爾都語：سوہا علی خان‎‎，英語：Soha Ali Khan，1978 年 10 月 4 日－）是印度女演員。她出生於一個富有的家庭，祖先曾是印度土邦 Pataudi 的納瓦卜。索哈的父親及祖父均曾擔任印度板球代表隊的隊長、母親莎米拉・泰戈則是一名來自加爾各答名門的知名寶萊塢女演員、其長兄賽伊夫・阿里・罕及其妻子卡琳娜・卡浦爾均是寶萊塢的著名影星。
en: Soha Ali Khan was born on 4 October 1978. She is the youngest daughter of actress Sharmila Tagore and of Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, the 9th nawab of Pataudi. Both her father and paternal grandfather, Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi, are former captains of the Indian cricket team. Her elder brother Saif Ali Khan is also a Bollywood actor and her elder sister, Saba Ali Khan, is a jewellery designer.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰與她有同樣的職業？
en: Who has the same profession as her?
answers: zh_tw: text: 伊夫・阿里・罕
en: text: Saif Ali Khan
菲利普・萊納德
Philipp Lenard

context: zh_tw: 萊納德在希特勒上臺後加入了納粹黨籍，在多次在公開場合批判猶太人科學家愛因斯坦，宣揚希特勒的理論，推崇 “雅利安物理學”。1945 年二戰結束後，盟軍考慮到萊納德年事已高，免除了對他的非納粹化措施，但取消了他的海德堡大學終身教授名譽。萊納德於 1947 年在德國梅塞爾豪森去世，他的遺產現存於慕尼黑的德意志博物館。
en: Lenard retired from Heidelberg University as professor of theoretical physics in 1931. He achieved emeritus status there, but he was expelled from his post by Allied occupation forces in 1945 when he was 83. The Helmholtz-Gymnasium Heidelberg had been named the Philipp Lenard Schule from 1927 until 1945. As part of the elimination of Nazi street names and monuments it was renamed in September 1945 by order of the military government. Lenard died in 1947 in Messelhausen, Germany.
qas: question: zh_tw: 萊納德在哪裡去世？
en: Where did Lenard pass away?
answers: zh_tw: text: 德國梅塞爾豪森
en: text: Messelhausen, Germany
山
Mountain

context: zh_tw: 山一般是因板塊碰撞或是火山作用而產生。山會因河流、氣候作用或是冰河而慢慢侵蝕。有些山會形成單獨的頂峰，不過大部份的山會連在一起形成山脈。
en: A mountain is a large landform that rises above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼力量導致了地表上升？
en: Which forces cause the earth's surface to rise?
answers: zh_tw: text: 板塊
en: text: tectonic
卡爾・門格爾
Carl Menger

context: zh_tw: 在安頓好他的教授職位後，他開始重新提出並辯護他在 1871 年《經濟學原理》一書中的理論，並在 1883 年出版了 Investigations into the Method of the Social Sciences with Special Reference to Economics（Untersuchungen über die Methode der Socialwissenschaften und der politischen Oekonomie insbesondere）一書。這本書引起了激烈的爭論，也是從這個時候，德國的經濟歷史學派的成員開始嘲笑門格爾和他的學生為「奧地利經濟學派」，以強調他們脫離了主流的德國經濟學思想。在 1884 年門格爾出版了一本名為 The Errors of Historicism in German Economics 以回應批評，這本書又引起了兩個經濟學派之間對於經濟學的方法論的辯論。在這段時期里門格爾開始吸引許多志同道合的學生，逐漸開展了奧地利經濟學派的獨立理論，包括了歐根・博姆 - 巴維克、路德維希・馮・米塞斯、弗裡德里克・馮・維塞爾等人。
en: In 1884 Menger responded with the pamphlet The Errors of Historicism in German Economics and launched the infamous Methodenstreit, or methodological debate, between the Historical School and the Austrian School. During this time Menger began to attract like-minded disciples who would go on to make their own mark on the field of economics, most notably Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, and Friedrich von Wieser.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪些學派參與了爭論？
en: What schools were in the debate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 德國的經濟歷史學派的成員開始嘲笑門格爾和他的學生為「奧地利經濟學派」
en: text: Historical School and the Austrian School
飛鼠裝滑翔運動
Wingsuit flying

context: zh_tw: 對於從空中進行跳傘（skydive）而言，使用飛鼠裝來滑翔這方面即增加了相當大的複雜性。依據《跳傘員資訊手冊》（Skydivers' Information Manual），美國降落傘協會（United States Parachute Association, USPA）要求凡任何一位跳傘運動員在第一次進行飛鼠裝的滑翔若不是要擁有於 18 個月內最起碼需完成的 200 次自由落體跳傘以及接受經驗豐富的飛鼠裝跳傘運動員一對一教導外，不然在沒有教練員的情況下試圖進行飛鼠裝滑翔運動就要擁有 500 次跳傘經驗。在其他國家必然的要求也是相似的。飛鼠裝製造業者提供培訓課程和認證教練員，並且在購買飛鼠裝之前必須加上要完成最起碼的跳傘次數之條件需求，如此方能保障運動員寶貴的生命。
en: Flying a wingsuit can add considerable complexity to a skydive. So, according to the Skydivers' Information Manual, the United States Parachute Association requires that any jumper have a minimum of 200 freefall skydives before completing a wingsuit first jump course and making a wingsuit jump. Requirements in other nations are similar. Wingsuit manufacturers offer training courses and certify instructors, and also impose the minimum jump numbers required before purchasing a wingsuit. Typically wingsuit pilots will start on a smaller wingsuit with less surface area. With practice, pilots can learn to fly larger suits with more surface area, which allow for increased glide and airtime.
qas: question: zh_tw: 依據美國降落傘協會，為跳傘需要進行最少多少次自由落體？
en: What is the minimum freefall to skydive according to the United States Parachute Association?
answers: zh_tw: text: 200 次自由落體
en: text: 200 freefall
杜波伊斯縣 (印地安納州)
Dubois County, Indiana

context: zh_tw: 成立於 1817 年 12 月 20 日，1818 年 2 月 1 日生效。縣名紀念在蒂帕卡努之役中作戰的法國士兵圖森・杜波伊斯。
en: Dubois County was formed on December 20, 1818, from Orange, Pike and Perry counties. It is named for Toussaint Dubois, a Frenchman who fought in the American Revolutionary War, the Battle of Tippecanoe and the War of 1812. Dubois was a merchant who lived mainly in Vincennes. He drowned in 1816 while crossing the Little Wabash River near Lawrenceville, Illinois.In 1818, as many as half of the residents of the county died of milk sickness. There is one view that the mother of Abraham Lincoln, Nancy Hanks Lincoln died of this disease at that time.  It was caused by settlers drinking the milk or eating the meat of cows that had eaten the white snakeroot.  The plant contains the potent toxin temetrol, which is passed through the milk. The migrants from the East were unfamiliar with the Midwestern plant and its effects.Dubois County switched to the Central Time Zone on April 2, 2006, and returned to the Eastern Time Zone on November 4, 2007; both changes were controversial.The original county seat was Portersville. In 1830 the county seat was moved south to Jasper.
qas: question: zh_tw: 圖森・杜波伊斯被認為是哪國國籍？
en: What nationality is Toussiant Dubois considered?
answers: zh_tw: text: 法國
en: text: Frenchman
航海家計畫
Voyager program

context: zh_tw: 航海家計劃（英語：Voyager program，臺灣稱航海家計劃）是美國的無人太空探測衛星計劃，包括航海家 1 號與航海家 2 號探測衛星。它們都在 1977 年發射，並從 1970 年代末開始探測太陽系的行星。雖然航海家計劃一開始只設計針對木星與土星來進行探測，不過這兩個衛星最終都抵達太陽系邊緣，並持續傳回相關資訊。航海家 1 號與 2 號目前仍持續朝太陽系外前進，而航海家 1 號則是目前距離地球最遠的人造物體。
en: The Voyager program is an American scientific program that employs two robotic probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, to study the outer Solar System. The probes were launched in 1977 to take advantage of a favorable alignment of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Although their original mission was to study only the planetary systems of Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 2 continued on to Uranus and Neptune. The Voyagers now explore the outer boundary of the heliosphere in interstellar space; their mission has been extended three times and they continue to transmit useful scientific data. Neither Uranus nor Neptune has been visited by a probe other than Voyager 2.
qas: question: zh_tw: 旅行者計劃是從起源自哪裡？
en: Where did the Voyager program originate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 航海家計劃（英語：Voyager program，臺灣稱航海家計劃）是美國的無人太空探測衛星計劃，
en: text: American
Apertium
Apertium

context: zh_tw: Apertium 起源於專案 OpenTrad 中的其中一個機器翻譯引擎，該專案由西班牙政府資助，由阿拉貢大學的 Transducens 研究小組開發。它最初設計用於在密切相關的語言之間翻譯，但最近已經擴充套件到處理更多的語言對。若要建立新的機器翻譯系統，你只需要以良好規定的 XML 格式開發語言資料（字典，規則）。
en: Apertium originated as one of the machine translation engines in the project OpenTrad, which was funded by the Spanish government, and developed by the Transducens research group at the Universitat d'Alacant. It was originally designed to translate between closely related languages, although it has recently been expanded to treat more divergent language pairs. To create a new machine translation system, one just has to develop linguistic data (dictionaries, rules) in well-specified XML formats.
qas: question: zh_tw: 建立新的機器翻譯系統，需要什麼格式型別的語言資料？
en: In what type of format is linguistic data needed in order to create a new machine translation system?
answers: zh_tw: text: XML
en: text: XML
奧林匹克運動會挪威代表團

context: zh_tw: 挪威 1900 年第一次夏季奧林匹克運動會，並在此之後參與了所有賽事除了 1904 年賽事及在莫斯科 1980 年賽事在他們參與美國帶領的抵制。
qas: question: zh_tw: 挪威什麼時候第一次參加夏季奧林匹克運動會？
en: When was the first time Norway was in the Summer Olympics?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1900

context: zh_tw: 國際奧委會考慮挪威裔美國人角力選手 Charles Ericksen 和 Bernhoff Hansen 為美國參加比賽；每個都獲得金牌。 在 2012 年，挪威歷史學家發現檔案顯示，埃裡克森在 1905 年 3 月 22 日之前沒有獲得美國公民身份，而在 1925 年被註冊為 “外星人” 的漢森可能從來沒有獲得過美國公民身份。 因此，歷史學家因此要求讓運動員註冊為挪威人。2013 年 5 月，挪威奧林匹克暨殘障奧林匹克委員會和體育同盟有關於它的報告提交了國際奧委會獎牌資料庫中摔跤手國籍的正式申請。
qas: question: zh_tw: 挪威奧委會在哪一年提交申請？
en: What year did the Norwegian Olympic Committee file an application?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2013 年
魯道夫・狄塞爾
Rudolf Diesel

context: zh_tw: 1913 年 9 月 29 號晚上，狄塞爾從安特衛普登上了 Dresden 號油輪，前往參加一個與 Consolidated 柴油發動機製造公司在倫敦的會議。他吃完晚飯後 10 時左右回到他的房間，留下話說第二天早上 6:15 時叫他。但之後就再沒有人見到他。十天以後，荷蘭船 Coertsen 船員看到了一個在海上漂浮的人的屍體。屍體嚴重腐爛，以至於他們並沒有將屍體打撈上船。相反，船員將屍體上的個人物品（藥丸，錢包，小刀，眼鏡盒）取出，將屍體扔回大海。 10 月 13 日，魯道夫的兒子，尤金魯道夫確認了這些遺物屬於他的父親。
en: On the evening of 29 September 1913, Diesel boarded the GER steamer SS Dresden in Antwerp on his way to a meeting of the Consolidated Diesel Manufacturing company in London, England. He took dinner on board the ship and then retired to his cabin at about 10 p.m., leaving word to be called the next morning at 6:15 a.m.; but he was never seen alive again. In the morning his cabin was empty and his bed had not been slept in, although his nightshirt was neatly laid out and his watch had been left where it could be seen from the bed. His hat and neatly folded overcoat were discovered beneath the afterdeck railing.Ten days later, the crew of the Dutch boat Coertzen came upon the corpse of a man floating in the North Sea near Norway. The body was in such an advanced state of decomposition that it was unrecognizable, and they did not bring it aboard. Instead, the crew retrieved personal items (pill case, wallet, I.D. card, pocketknife, eyeglass case) from the clothing of the dead man, and returned the body to the sea. On 13 October, these items were identified by Rudolf's son, Eugen Diesel, as belonging to his father. On 14 October 1913 it was reported that Diesel's body was found at the mouth of the Scheldt by a boatman, but he was forced to throw it overboard because of heavy weather.There are various theories to explain Diesel's death. Certain people, such as his biographer Grosser in 1978, argue that Rudolf Diesel committed suicide. Another line of thought suggests that he was murdered, given his refusal to grant the German forces the exclusive rights to using his invention; indeed, Diesel boarded the SS Dresden with the intent of meeting with representatives of the British Royal Navy to discuss the possibility of powering British submarines by Diesel engine – he never made it ashore. Yet, evidence is limited for all explanations, and his disappearance and death remain unsolved.
qas: question: zh_tw: 狄塞爾從哪裡登上了 Dresden 號油輪？
en: Where did he board the SS Dresden?
answers: zh_tw: text: 安特衛普
en: text: Antwerp
葡萄
Grape

context: zh_tw: 葡萄屬約有 70 餘種。葡萄品種約有 8000 個，其中栽培品種約 100～200 個，重要的有：歐洲葡萄（V.vinifera）、東北山葡萄（V.amurensis）能耐－40～－50℃低溫，是培育抗寒葡萄的優良親本，可作抗寒砧木；果實可釀葡萄酒。美洲葡萄（V.labrusca），及河岸葡萄（V.riparia）、砂地葡萄（V.rupestris）等抗根瘤蚜砧木種。
en: There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario.An offset to the improved eating quality of seedlessness is the loss of potential health benefits provided by the enriched phytochemical content of grape seeds (see Health claims, below).
qas: question: zh_tw: 有多少葡萄品種？
en: How many varieties of grapes are there?
answers: zh_tw: text: 葡萄品種約有 8000 個
en: text: more than a dozen
橄欖球類運動

context: zh_tw: 聯合式橄欖球和聯盟式橄欖球的差異，除了聯合式橄欖球一隊是 13 人，聯盟式橄欖球一隊是 15 人外，也包括擒抱以及擒抱後的進行方式。
qas: question: zh_tw: 球隊由多少名不同的球員組成？
en: How many different players are the teams composed of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 13 人

context: zh_tw: 聯合式橄欖球在英國視為是上流社會及中產階級玩的運動，例如許多公學及文法學校的學生玩橄欖球，不過在綜合學校中也開始流行，不過在英國的西部地方，聯合式橄欖球受到各階層的喜愛。相反的，聯盟式橄欖球長久以來就是工人階級的消遣，威爾斯的聯合式橄欖球是由許多小鎮的煤礦工及工廠工人組隊參加，作為假日時的消遣。在愛爾蘭，聯合式橄欖球可以凝聚整個愛爾蘭，跨越種族及宗派的鴻溝，愛爾蘭國際隊代表二個政治實體：北愛爾蘭及愛爾蘭共和國。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個國家是典型的上流社會橄欖球的例外？
en: What country is an exception to the upper class stereotype of rugby?
answers: zh_tw: text: 威爾斯