第一次英緬戰爭
First Anglo-Burmese War

context: zh_tw: 至 1822 年，緬甸對曼尼普爾邦和阿薩姆邦的征服使得英屬印度和緬甸王國之間有著漫長的邊境線。然而，在加爾各答的基礎上，英國在該地區有自己的規劃，因而積極支援曼尼普爾邦、阿薩姆邦和若開邦對緬甸王國的叛亂，同時，加爾各答單方面宣佈察查縣、賈因提亞受英國保護並派駐部隊。英軍對新佔領地的越境襲擊令緬甸很惱火，在確認戰爭不可避免之後，緬軍總司令班都拉、王后梅努和她的兄弟沙林領主等人主張對英開戰。班都拉認為，決定性的勝利可以使緬甸王國鞏固其在新的西方領土（若開邦、曼尼普爾邦、阿薩姆邦、察查縣和賈因提亞）的收益的同時，接管東孟加拉。1824 年 1 月，班都拉派烏扎納（Thado Thiri Maha Uzana）前往察查縣和賈因提亞以驅逐叛軍。英國也派出自己的部隊前往察查縣以阻攔緬軍，這導致兩者之間的第一次衝突。在若開邦的邊界衝突之後，於 1824 年 3 月 5 日，戰爭爆發。
en: By 1822, Burmese expansion into Manipur and Assam had created a long border between British India and the Burmese Empire. The British, based in Calcutta, supported rebels from Manipur, Assam and Arakan fleeing into British territory. Calcutta unilaterally declared Cachar and Jaintia British protectorates and sent in troops. Cross border raids into these newly acquired territories from British territories and spheres of influence vexed the Burmese. Convinced that war was inevitable, Burmese commander-in-chief, Maha Bandula, became the main proponent of offensive policy against the British. Bandula was part of the war party at Bagyidaw's court, which also included Queen Me Nu and her brother, the Lord of Salin. Bandula believed that a decisive victory could allow Ava to consolidate its gains in its new western empire in Arakan, Manipur, Assam, Cachar, and Jaintia, as well as take over eastern Bengal.In September 1823, the casus belli was Burma occupying Shalpuri Island near Chittagong, which was claimed by the East India Company.In January 1824, Burma sent one of their top generals, Thado Thiri Maha Uzana, into Cachar and Jaintia to disperse the rebels. The British sent in their own force to meet the Burmese in Cachar, resulting in the first clashes between the two. The war formally broke out on 5 March 1824, following border clashes in Arakan.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這次戰爭的原因是什麼？
en: What was the cause of the war?
answers: zh_tw: text: 若開邦的邊界衝突
en: text: border clashes in Arakan

context: zh_tw: 最終，英軍以火炮和火箭彈的火力優勢勝出。12 月 1 日，坎貝爾將軍與 2,500 名歐洲士兵和 1,500 名印度兵在炮艇艦隊的掩護下，對卑謬外的緬軍主陣地展開攻擊。12 月 2 日，緬軍指揮官內苗被彈片擊中身亡。他陣亡後，英軍於 12 月 5 日擊退了緬軍。在卑謬戰敗後，緬軍兵敗如山倒，從此一觸即潰。12 月 26 日，他們向英軍陣地打出休戰旗。談判開始，然而只有接受相應條款，他們才會得到和平。至 1826 年 2 月，緬甸被迫接受英國方面提出的楊達波條約以結束戰爭。
en: In November 1825, the Burmese decided to throw everything they had into a last-ditch effort. Starting in mid-November, the Burmese forces, consisting mainly of Shan regiments led by their sawbwas, threatened Prome in a daring circular movement that almost surrounded the town and cut off communications lines to Yangon. In the end, the superior firepower of the British guns and missiles won out. On 1 December, Gen. Campbell, with 2500 European and 1500 Indian sepoys, supported by a flotilla of gunboats, attacked the main Burmese position outside Prome. On 2 December, Maha Ne Myo was killed by a shell launched from the flotilla. After Maha Ne Myo's death, the British dislodged the Burmese by 5 December.The defeat in Prome effectively left the Burmese army in disarray. The Burmese army was in constant retreat from then on. On 26 December, they sent a flag of truce to the British camp. Negotiations having commenced, the Burmese were forced to accept the British terms to end the war, signing the Treaty of Yandabo in February 1826.
qas: question: zh_tw: 12 月 26 日打出了什麼樣的旗幟？
en: What kind of flag was sent on 26 December?
answers: zh_tw: text: 休戰旗
en: text: flag of truce

context: zh_tw: 在適當的時候簽署通商條約。第一批賠償立即支付，在簽署該條約後 100 天內支付第二批，其餘兩批在兩年內支付。在第二批賠款支付之前，英軍不會離開仰光。1826 年 2 月 24 日，英方代表坎貝爾將軍，緬方代表 Legaing（今敏巫區內）總督敏拉覺廷（Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin）簽署了《楊達波條約》。緬甸以金條和銀條支付了首期 25 萬英鎊的賠款，並釋放英軍戰俘。戰爭遂告結束，英軍南移。英軍駐紮在緬甸割讓的領地和已被佔領數年的仰光地區等地，以保證緬甸依約付款。
en: Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼型別的部隊留在各個地區？
en: What type of forces remained in the various territories?
answers: zh_tw: text: 英軍
en: text: British army

context: zh_tw: G. A. Henty 的《On the Irrawaddy River》以虛構的形式描述了第一次英緬戰爭。
en: On the Irrawaddy by G. A. Henty is a fictional account of the First Anglo-Burmese War.
qas: question: zh_tw: ” 誰寫了虛構的報道《On the Irrawaddy River》？“
en: Who authored the fictional account "On the Irrawaddy"?
answers: zh_tw: text: G. A. Henty
en: text: G. A. Henty

context: zh_tw: Allan Mallinson 的小說《The Sabre's Edge》中的開始數章的背景設定在第一次英緬戰爭期間。
en: The first few chapters of the novel The Sabre's Edge by Allan Mallinson are set during the First Anglo-Burmese War.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一場戰爭發生在《劍鋒》一書的開頭？
en: Which war was occurring during the start of the book The Sabre's Edge
answers: zh_tw: text: 第一次英緬戰爭
en: text: First Anglo-Burmese War