法國戰役
Battle of France

context: zh_tw: 德國空軍將軍力分為兩個叢集：3,286 架作戰飛機用於支援 A 集團軍和 C 集團軍；另有 1,815 架作戰飛機、487 架運輸機和 50 架滑翔機用於支援 B 集團軍。在當時，德國空軍是全世界經驗最豐富、裝備最精良、訓練最有素的空軍，其飛機數量將近盟軍的飛機總數的兩倍。德國空軍原本是致力於任務性轟炸、戰術轟炸與戰略轟炸任務的基礎雄厚的部隊，但也可以用俯衝轟炸機和中型轟炸機提供密接空中支援。1940 年，儘管盟軍空軍已經與支援陸軍的任務聯絡在一起，德國空軍開始以一種更為寬泛，更加任務型的方式分配資源：空軍的任務從單純奪取制空權轉變為根據地面部隊需要執行中程截擊、戰略轟炸和密接空中支援等任務。需要注意的是，德國空軍不是裝甲部隊的先頭武裝。密接空中支援並非德國空軍的主要任務；在 1939 年，只有 15% 的德國空軍飛機被指派用於密接空中支援。
en: Army Group B had the support of 1,815 combat, 487 transport and 50 glider aircraft and another 3,286 combat aircraft supported Army Groups A and C. The Luftwaffe was the most experienced, well-equipped and well-trained air force in the world. The combined Allied total was 2,935 aircraft, about half the size of the Luftwaffe. The Luftwaffe could provide close support with dive-bombers and medium bombers but was a broadly based force, intended to support national strategy and could carry out operational, tactical and strategic bombing operations. Allied air forces were mainly intended for army co-operation but the Luftwaffe could fly air superiority missions, medium-range interdiction, strategic bombing and close air support operations, depending on circumstances. It was not a Panzer spearhead arm, since in 1939 fewer than 15 percent of Luftwaffe aircraft were designed for close support as this was not its main role.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個空軍支援盟軍飛機？
en: What air force supported Allied aircraft?
answers: zh_tw: text: 德國空軍
en: text: Luftwaffe

context: zh_tw: 盟軍在空中處於劣勢：法國空軍共有 1,562 架飛機；英國皇家空軍戰鬥機司令部可提供 680 架戰鬥機，同時英國皇家空軍轟炸機司令部可提供約 392 架轟炸機執行任務。盟軍的一些機型瀕臨淘汰，譬如老式的巴特爾轟炸機。在戰鬥機部隊中，只有英國的颶風戰鬥機、美製 P-36 戰鬥機（又稱 H75 戰鬥機）和法制地瓦丁 D.520 戰鬥機可以應對德軍的 Bf-109 戰鬥機。與 Bf-109 相比，D.520 有更高的機動性但速度稍慢，且在 1940 年 5 月 10 日只派遣了 36 架 D.520 戰機。所有的 D.520 均被派遣至同一個中隊。盟軍的戰鬥機數量佔優：德軍的 836 架 Bf-109 將面對 764 架法國戰鬥機、261 架英國戰鬥機和 81 架比利時戰鬥機。法國和英國的戰鬥機儲備也比德國更多。1940 年 6 月初的法國航空工業產量可觀，據估計有近 2,000 架飛機的儲備。然而長期缺乏零件使得這支儲備機隊舉步維艱，僅有 29% 的飛機（599 架）可以服役，其中 170 架為轟炸機。法軍轟炸機的低服役數量意味著德軍擁有明顯的中型轟炸機數量優勢，可用的中型轟炸機是法軍的六倍。儘管存在種種劣勢，法國空軍的表現還是超出預期：在法國戰役的空對空戰鬥中擊毀 916 架敵機，擊墜比達到了 2.35:1. 法國三分之一的空戰戰果是由佔單座戰鬥機總數 12.6% 的 P-36 戰鬥機造成的。
en: The Armée de l'Air had 1,562 aircraft, RAF Fighter Command 680 machines and RAF Bomber Command could contribute about 392 aircraft. Some Allied types, like the Fairey Battle were approaching obsolescence. In the fighter force, only the British Hawker Hurricane, the United States-built Curtiss Hawk 75 and Dewoitine D.520 were a match for the German Messerschmitt Bf 109, the D.520 being more manoeuvrable although being slightly slower. On 10 May 1940, only 36 D.520s had been delivered. The Allies outnumbered the Germans in fighter aircraft, with 81 Belgian, 261 British and 764 French fighters (1,106) against 836 German Bf 109s. The French and British had more aircraft in reserve.In early June 1940, the French aviation industry was producing a considerable number of aircraft, with an estimated reserve of nearly 2,000 but a chronic lack of spare parts crippled this fleet. Only about 599 (29 per cent) of which were serviceable, of which 170 were bombers. The Germans had six times more medium bombers than the French. Despite its disadvantages the Armée de l'Air performed far better than expected, destroying 916 enemy aircraft in air-to-air combat during the Battle of France, for a kill ratio of 2.35:1, with almost a third of those kills accomplished by French pilots flying the US-built Curtiss Hawk 75, which accounted for 12.6 percent of the French single-seat fighter force.
qas: question: zh_tw: 盟軍總共有多少架戰鬥機？
en: How many fighter aircraft in total did the Allies have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 764 架法國戰鬥機、261 架英國戰鬥機和 81 架比利時戰鬥機
en: text: 81 Belgian, 261 British and 764 French fighters (1,106)

context: zh_tw: 德國方面的傷亡難以統計，比較廣為接受的統計認為德軍有 27,074 人陣亡、111,034 人負傷和 18,384 人失蹤。考慮到非戰鬥因素減員、傷重身亡和失蹤後確認死亡的人數，德軍陣亡人數可能高達 45,000 人。德國空軍在法國戰役中失去了 28% 的前線兵力，損失飛機 1,236–1,428 架（1,129 毀於敵對行動，299 架毀於事故），另有 323–488 架飛機受損（225 架傷於敵對行動，263 架傷於事故），使得德國空軍總計有 36% 的兵力被擊毀或擊傷。德國空軍有 6,653 人傷亡，其中包括 4,417 名機組人員。在機組人員傷亡中有 1,129 人陣亡；另有 1,930 人失蹤或被俘，但其中的很多人在法國投降後被釋放出法國戰俘營。義大利方面共計有 631-642 人陣亡、2,631 人負傷、616 人失蹤、另有 2,151 在戰役期間遭受凍傷。義大利減員數字的官方報告編寫於 1940 年 6 月 18 日，但當時很多義大利陣亡人員仍被埋在雪中。在較為艱苦的地形作戰的部隊中失蹤人員對陣亡人員的比例更高，但絕大多數在報告中統計為失蹤的人員極有可能也陣亡了。
en: German casualties are hard to determine but commonly accepted figures are: 27,074 killed, 111,034 wounded and 18,384 missing. German dead may have been as high as 45,000 men, due to additional non-combat causes, wounded who died and missing who were confirmed dead. The battle for France had cost the Luftwaffe 28 percent of its front line strength, some 1,236–1,428 aircraft were destroyed (1,129 to enemy action, 299 in accidents). A further 323–488 were damaged (225 to enemy action, 263 in accidents), making 36 percent of the Luftwaffe strength lost or damaged. Luftwaffe casualties amounted to 6,653 men, including 4,417 aircrew; of these 1,129 were killed and 1,930 were reported missing or captured, many of whom were liberated from French prison camps upon the French capitulation. Italian casualties amounted to 631 or 642 men killed, 2,631 wounded and 616 reported missing. A further 2,151 men suffered from frostbite during the campaign. The official Italian numbers were compiled for a report on 18 July 1940, when many of the fallen still lay under snow and it is probable that most of the Italian missing were dead. Units operating in more difficult terrain had higher ratios of missing to killed but probably most of the missing had died.According to the French Defence Historical Service, 85,310 French military personnel were killed (including 5,400 Maghrebis), 12,000 missing, 120,000 wounded and 1,540,000 prisoners (including 67,400 Maghrebis). Some recent French research indicates that the number of killed was between 55,000 and 85,000, a statement of the French Defence Historical Service tending to the lower end. In August 1940, 1,540,000 prisoners were taken into Germany, where roughly 940,000 remained until 1945, when they were liberated by advancing Allied forces. At least 3,000 Senegalese Tirailleurs were murdered after being taken prisoner. While in German captivity, 24,600 French prisoners died; 71,000 escaped; 220,000 were released by various agreements between the Vichy government and Germany; several hundred thousand were paroled because of disability and/or sickness. Air losses are estimated at 1,274 aircraft destroyed during the campaign. French tank losses amount to 1,749 tanks (43 per cent of tanks engaged), of which 1,669 were lost to gunfire, 45 to mines and 35 to aircraft. However, the tank losses are amplified by the large numbers that were abandoned or scuttled and subsequently captured. Britain had fewer than 10,000 killed in action (including the Lancastria disaster), for a total casualty figure of 68,111 men; about 64,000 vehicles destroyed or abandoned and 2,472 guns destroyed or abandoned. RAF losses in the campaign from 10 May – 22 June, amounted to 931 aircraft and 1,526 casualties. The British also lost 243 ships to Luftwaffe bombing in Dynamo, including 8 destroyers and 8 troopships. Belgian losses were 6,093 killed and wounded; some 2,000 prisoners of war died in captivity and more than 500 were missing. Those captured amounted to 200,000 men. Belgian wounded amounted to 15,850. They also lost 112 aircraft. Polish losses were around 5,500 killed and wounded; nearly 13,000 troops of the 2nd Infantry Division were interned in Switzerland for the duration of the war, and 16,000 were taken prisoner.
qas: question: zh_tw: 有多少德國人在對法國的戰鬥中失蹤了
en: how many Germans were missing from the battle for France
answers: zh_tw: text: 18,384
en: text: 18,384