zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
Twicetagram
Twicetagram

context: zh_tw: 《Twicetagram》是韓國女子團體 TWICE 的首張韓語正規專輯。由 JYP 娛樂製作，Genie 音樂發行，於 2017 年 10 月 30 日推出。主打歌曲為〈LIKEY〉，由黑眼必勝製作。
en: Twicetagram (stylized in lowercase letters) is the first studio album by South Korean girl group Twice. It was released on October 30, 2017 by JYP Entertainment and distributed through Genie Music. The title Twicetagram is a reference to their official Instagram account of the same name.The lead single "Likey" was composed by Black Eyed Pilseung and Jeon Gun. It is the group's fourth collaboration with Black Eyed Pilseung. Several composers and songwriters participated in the album including the Korean members of Twice as lyricists and former Wonder Girls' member Hyerim who co-composed the eighth track titled "Look at Me".The reissue of Twicetagram, titled Merry & Happy, was released on December 11, 2017.
qas: question: zh_tw: 《Twicetagram》在什麼時候發行？
en: When was Twicetagram released?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2017 年 10 月 30 日
en: text: October 30, 2017
喜馬拉雅山脈
Himalayas

context: zh_tw: 在喜馬拉雅山上有許多藏傳佛教的寺廟，達賴喇嘛的住處也在這裡。在西藏約有六千座藏傳佛教寺廟。藏回在拉薩市及日喀則地區都有清真寺。
en: In Hinduism, the Himalayas have been personified as the king of all Mountain – "Giriraj Himavat", father of Ganga and Parvati (form of Adi Shakti Durga).A number of Vajrayana Buddhist sites are situated in the Himalayas, in Tibet, Bhutan and in the Indian regions of Ladakh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Spiti and Darjeeling. There were over 6,000 monasteries in Tibet, including the residence of the Dalai Lama. Bhutan, Sikkim and Ladakh are also dotted with numerous monasteries. The Tibetan Muslims have their own mosques in Lhasa and Shigatse.
qas: question: zh_tw: 西藏有多少寺院？
en: How many monasteries were there in Tibet?
answers: zh_tw: text: 六千座
en: text: 6,000
爪哇鷹鵰
Javan hawk-eagle

context: zh_tw: 爪哇鷹鵰是最稀有的猛禽之一。估計它們是一夫一妻制的。鳥巢會築在樹頂。雌鳥每次會生一顆鳥蛋。它們主要吃鳥類、蜥蜴、狐蝠科及哺乳動物。
en: An Indonesian endemic, the Javan hawk-eagle occurs in humid tropical forests of Java.  Its range in East Java includes Sempu Island, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Meru Betiri National Park and Alas Purwo National Park. It can also be seen in captivity in zoos like Kebun Binatang BandungThe Javan hawk-eagle is believed to be monogamous. The female usually lays one egg in a nest high on top of a forest tree. The diet consists mainly of birds, lizards, fruit bats and mammals.
qas: question: zh_tw: 飲食中包含什麼？
en: what does the diet consist of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 鳥類、蜥蜴、狐蝠科及哺乳動物
en: text: birds, lizards, fruit bats and mammals
四・一九運動
April Revolution

context: zh_tw: 4 月 19 日，數千名來自高麗大學學生在青瓦臺遊行，沿途包括延世大學和漢城國立大學等其他大學和高中生紛紛加入，人數增長到超過 10 萬人。抵達青瓦臺後，抗議者要求李承晚下臺。警方對示威者開火，造成約 180 人死亡、數千人受傷。本日李承晚政府為了鎮壓示威宣佈戒嚴。1960 年 4 月 25 日，教授參加學生和市民組成的大規模抗議活動，韓國國軍和警察拒絕攻擊示威者。4 月 26 日，李承晚同意下臺，並離開漢城，流亡夏威夷至死亡。
en: On April 19, thousands of students marched from Korea University to the Blue House, and as they marched past other high schools and universities, their numbers grew to over 100,000. Arriving at the Blue House, the protesters called for Rhee's resignation. Police opened fire on protestors killing approximately 180 and wounding thousands. That day the Rhee government proclaimed martial law in order to suppress the demonstrations.On April 25, professors joined students and citizens in large-scale protests outnumbering soldiers and police who refused to attack the protestors.
qas: question: zh_tw: 有多少示威人士被殺？
en: How many protesters were killed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 180 人
en: text: 180
安利
Amway

context: zh_tw: 1999 年，安利的創始人建立了一家新的控股公司 —— 安達高，並開了三家新公司 —— 第一家是一間姊妹公司，名為捷星，主要在網際網路上開展其業務；另外兩家是捷通商務集團和 Pyxis Innovations。其中 Pyxis 後來更名為富爾頓創新公司（Fulton Innovation），主要負責研發新品，而捷通商務集團則主要為安利、捷星和一些第三方企業提供物流服務。2006 年，捷星發表了《捷星獨立企業主補償計劃》（The Quixtar Independent Business Owner Compensation Plan），其中宣佈活躍的獨立企業主（佔全部獨立企業主的 66%）每月總營業額平均為 115 美元。Ditto Delivery（意為 “同上郵遞”）是安達高的自動化補給服務，每個月為其顧客遞送預定的配給。截至 2001 年 5 月，Ditto Delivery 佔了捷星北美銷售額的 30%。
en: In 1999 the founders of the Amway corporation established a new holding company, named Alticor, and launched three new companies: a sister (and separate) Internet-focused company named Quixtar, Access Business Group, and Pyxis Innovations. Pyxis, later replaced by Fulton Innovation, pursued research and development and Access Business Group handled manufacturing and logistics for Amway, Quixtar, and third-party clients.The main difference was that all "Independent Business Owners" (IBO) could order directly from Amway on the Internet, rather than from their upline "direct distributor", and have products shipped directly to their home. The Amway name continued being used in the rest of the world. After virtually all Amway distributors in North America switched to Quixtar, Alticor elected to close Amway North America after 2001. In June 2007 it was announced that the Quixtar brand would be phased out over an 18- to 24-month period in favor of a unified Amway brand (Amway Global) worldwide.
qas: question: zh_tw: 安達高建立的三家公司是什麼？
en: What are three companies which were launched by Alticor?
answers: zh_tw: text: 捷通商務集團和 Pyxis Innovations
en: text: Quixtar, Access Business Group, and Pyxis Innovations.
神奇四俠：銀魔現身
Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer

context: zh_tw: 《神奇四俠 2》（英語：Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer）是一部於 2007 年上映的美國超級英雄電影，為於 2005 年上映的《神奇四俠》的續集。兩部電影都是根據斯坦・李和傑克・科比創作的《神奇四俠》漫畫改編，均由蒂姆・斯托瑞執導。幾位主要演員也與前作保持一致，艾恩・古福特飾演裡德・理查斯、潔西卡・艾巴飾演蘇・斯通、克里斯・埃文斯飾演強尼・斯通、麥克・切克里斯飾演本・格里姆，另外祖利安・麥馬漢和凱麗・華盛頓也分別飾演末日博士和阿麗茜婭・瑪斯特斯。碧兒・加勒特在續集中出演弗蘭基・雷伊，還有道格・瓊斯側演銀色衝浪手，勞倫斯・費許朋則給後者的角色配音。劇情圍繞這個新出現的銀色衝浪手展開，他一開始是神奇四俠的敵人，之後成為盟友，決心一起從行星吞噬者手中拯救地球。
en: Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (stylized as 4: Rise of the Silver Surfer) is a 2007 superhero film, based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Fantastic Four. A sequel to the 2005 film Fantastic Four, the film is directed by Tim Story. Ioan Gruffudd as Reed Richards / Mr. Fantastic, Jessica Alba as Sue Storm / Invisible Woman, Chris Evans as Johnny Storm / Human Torch, and Michael Chiklis as Ben Grimm / The Thing return as The Fantastic Four, while Julian McMahon and Kerry Washington reprise their roles from the first film as Victor von Doom / Doctor Doom and Alicia Masters, respectively. Beau Garrett appears as Frankie Raye, along with Doug Jones as Norrin Radd / Silver Surfer, with Laurence Fishburne voicing Silver Surfer. The plot follows the Fantastic Four as they confront Silver Surfer and attempt to save Earth from Galactus. It received mixed  reviews but was considered an improvement on the previous film. It grossed $290 million against a budget of $130 million. It was released on Blu-ray and DVD on October 2, 2007. Unlike its predecessor, which was rated PG-13, Rise of the Silver Surfer received a PG rating, making it the first theatrical Marvel sequel to receive that rating.
qas: question: zh_tw: 神奇四俠電影在哪一年上映？
en: What year was Fantastic Four movie released?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2007
en: text: 2007
謝菲爾德號輕巡洋艦 (C24)
HMS Sheffield (C24)

context: zh_tw: 1941 年，她參與了炮擊熱那亞的格羅格行動和打擊維希護航艦隊的行動，併為馬耳他提供防空火力支援。五月，謝菲爾德參與了擊沉俾斯麥號戰列艦的作戰，並險些被皇家方舟上的劍魚投下的魚雷擊中。6 月 12 日，謝菲爾德號發現並擊沉了俾斯麥號的一艘油船，弗里德里希・不萊梅。在同年 10 月由肯亞號協助擊沉另一艘德國補給船檳城號後，謝菲爾德號返回英國。
en: In 1941, she participated in Operation Grog, the shelling of Genoa, in  operations against Vichy convoys and supporting air reinforcements to Malta. In May, Sheffield took part in the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck, narrowly escaping a friendly fire torpedo attack by the aircraft carrier Ark Royal's Fairey Swordfish; Eleven torpedoes were dropped and only defective Duplex exploders and fine ship handling saved her from disaster. (In the report of the attack, Admiral Sir John Tovey, commanding Home Fleet, was told only no hits were scored on Bismarck. The reaction of Sheffield's crew "has not made its way into the official records".) On 12 June, she located and sank one of Bismarck's tankers, Friedrich Breme. After the destruction in early October 1941 of another German supply ship, Kota Penang, (aided by the cruiser Kenya), Sheffield returned to Britain.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這個人所參與的炮擊的目標是什麼地方？
en: What location was the target of shelling attacks that this individual participated in?
answers: zh_tw: text: 熱那亞
en: text: Genoa

context: zh_tw: 謝菲爾德在北極護航艦隊中繼續服役，但於 1942 年 3 月 3 日在冰島撞上水雷，修理工作直到 7 月才完成。再次為北極艦隊護航幾次之後，謝菲爾德於 11 月參與了盟軍在北非的火炬行動。1942 年 12 月，謝菲爾德號和牙買加號組成 R 艦隊，由海軍少將羅伯特・博內特指揮，為 JW 51B 編隊提供掩護，並遭到了德國強力水面艦艇的襲擊。在隨後的巴倫支海海戰中，Z16（弗里德里希・埃科爾特）號驅逐艦在德國艦隊撤退時誤將希佩爾海軍上將號認作謝菲爾德號並將其擊傷，謝菲爾德號隨機將 Z16 擊沉。在此戰中，忠實號驅逐艦和布蘭布林號掃雷艦均被德國艦艇擊沉。
en: She was occupied on Arctic convoys until hitting a mine off Iceland on 3 March 1942 and was under repair until July. After more Arctic convoys, Sheffield joined the forces supporting the Allied landings in North Africa (Operation Torch) in November. In December 1942, Sheffield and Jamaica formed "Force R", under the command of Rear-Admiral Robert Burnett (in Sheffield), which provided cover for Convoy JW 51B. The convoy was attacked by a strong German surface force. In the ensuing action (Battle of the Barents Sea), the Germans withdrew and Sheffield sank the German destroyer Friedrich Eckoldt, while also damaging the cruiser Admiral Hipper, Eckoldt mistaking Sheffield for Hipper. During this engagement, the destroyer Achates and the minesweeper Bramble were sunk by gunfire of the two German vessels.
qas: question: zh_tw: 謝菲爾德號何時被佔領？
en: When was Sheffield occupied?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1942 年 3 月 3 日
en: text: 3 March 1942
通用頂級域
Generic top-level domain

context: zh_tw: 1998 年 10 月，網際網路名稱與數字地址分配機構 (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers，ICANN) 成立並接收管理域名的工作。在提出建議書 (2000 年 8 月 15 日) 及短暫的公眾諮詢期後，ICANN 在 2000 年 11 月 16 日公佈其選擇的 7 個新通用頂級域名：
en: By the mid-1990s there was discussion of introduction of more TLDs. Jon Postel, as head of IANA, invited applications from interested parties. In early 1995, Postel created "Draft Postel", an Internet draft containing the procedures to create new domain name registries and new TLDs. Draft Postel created a number of small committees to approve the new TLDs. Because of the increasing interest, a number of large organizations took over the process under the Internet Society's umbrella. This second attempt involved setting up a temporary organization called the International Ad Hoc Committee (IAHC). On February 4, 1997, the IAHC issued a report ignoring the Draft Postel recommendations and instead recommending the introduction of seven new TLDs (arts, firm, info, nom, rec, store, and web). However, these proposals were abandoned after the U.S. government intervened.In September 1998, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) was created to take over the task of managing domain names. After a call for proposals (August 15, 2000) and a brief period of public consultation, ICANN announced on November 16, 2000 its selection of seven new TLDs: aero, biz, coop, info, museum, name, pro.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰在 2000 年公佈他們選擇了七個新頂級域名？
en: Who stated their selection of seven new TLD's in the year 2000?
answers: zh_tw: text: 網際網路名稱與數字地址分配機構
en: text: ICANN
正親町天皇
Emperor Ōgimachi

context: zh_tw: 正親町天皇（日語：正親町天皇／おおぎまちてんのう Oogimachi Tennō；1517 年 6 月 18 日－1593 年 2 月 6 日），日本第 106 代天皇，1557 年 11 月 17 日 - 1586 年 12 月 17 日在位。諱方仁（日語：方仁／みちひと Michihito）。
en: Emperor Ōgimachi (正親町天皇 Ōgimachi-tennō, June 18, 1517 – February 6, 1593) was the 106th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from October 27, 1557, to his  abdication on December 17, 1586, corresponding to the transition between the Sengoku period and the Azuchi–Momoyama period. His personal name was Michihito (方仁).
qas: question: zh_tw: 皇帝是什麼時候死的？
en: When did the Emperor die?
answers: zh_tw: text: Tennō；1517 年 6 月 18 日－1593 年 2 月 6 日），日本第 106 代天皇，1557 年 11 月 17 日
en: text: February 6, 1593
狐獴
Meerkat

context: zh_tw: 狐獴是一種小型晝行性動物，雄性平均重約 731 克，雌性 720 克，有著修長的軀幹跟四肢，使牠們的身長可達到 25 到 35 公分，尾長亦有 17-25 公分。牠的尾巴 (並不如其他的獴類那樣一叢) 為長、細，並尖尖延伸到端點，在末端的端點都為黑色，在直立時狐獴會用尾巴支撐來保持平衡，牠們的臉型也是尖尖延伸到棕色的鼻子，狐獴的眼睛周圍都有著黑色塊，這些構造的作用跟太陽眼鏡相同，讓牠們在豔陽普照下仍能清晰的視物，甚至是直視太陽，這對狐獴幫助很大，因為空中的掠食者通常是在太陽之前飛行以避免被察覺。狐獴有著小、黑、新月型的耳朵，有著在挖洞時能閉起來以避免砂進入耳內的功能。
en: The meerkat is a small diurnal herpestid (mongoose) weighing on average about 0.5 to 2.5 kilograms (1.1 to 5.5 lb). Its long slender body and limbs give it a body length of 35 to 50 centimetres (14 to 20 in) and an added tail length of around 25 centimetres (9.8 in). The meerkat uses its tail to balance when standing upright, as well as for signaling. Its face tapers, coming to a point at the nose, which is brown. The eyes always have black patches around them, and they have small black crescent-shaped ears. Meerkats have binocular vision, with two eyes on the front of the face.
qas: question: zh_tw: 狐獴的身長是多少？
en: What is the length of the body?
answers: zh_tw: text: 身長可達到 25 到 35 公分
en: text: 35 to 50 centimetres (14 to 20 in)
Ia 超新星
Type Ia supernova

context: zh_tw: 形成 Ia 超新星的一種模型是密近聯星系統。這個聯星系統的前身包含兩顆主序星，其中主星的質量比伴星大。質量較大的主星會先演化至漸近巨星分支，外面的包層會先膨脹得非常巨大。如果這兩顆恆星共用包層，那麼這個系統會有值得注意的總質量損失、角動量、軌道半徑和週期的減少。在主星已經蛻化成白矮星之後，其伴星稍後也會演化成紅巨星階段，使它的質量可以吸積至主星。在共用包層的最後階段，因為角動量的損失，兩顆星會以螺旋軌道變得更為接近。結果是軌道週期變得只有短短的幾個小時。如果吸積的時間持續得夠長，白矮星的質量最終可能接近錢德拉塞卡極限。
en: One model for the formation of this category of supernova is a close binary star system. The progenitor binary system consists of main sequence stars, with the primary possessing more mass than the secondary. Being greater in mass, the primary is the first of the pair to evolve onto the asymptotic giant branch, where the star's envelope expands considerably. If the two stars share a common envelope then the system can lose significant amounts of mass, reducing the angular momentum, orbital radius and period. After the primary has degenerated into a white dwarf, the secondary star later evolves into a red giant and the stage is set for mass accretion onto the primary. During this final shared-envelope phase, the two stars spiral in closer together as angular momentum is lost. The resulting orbit can have a period as brief as a few hours. If the accretion continues long enough, the white dwarf may eventually approach the Chandrasekhar limit.
qas: question: zh_tw: 如果吸積持續一段時間，限制白矮星方法的是什麼？
en: What limit with the white dwarf approach if the accretion continues for a period?
answers: zh_tw: text: 錢德拉塞卡極限
en: text: Chandrasekhar limit
ReactOS

context: zh_tw: 雖然對於 FreeWin95 專案期待很高，但直到 1997 年末，專案還沒有公開發布任何版本，於是專案協調員 Jason Filby 聯合大家重振該專案並起了一個新名稱 “ReactOS” ，並計劃重新實現 Windows NT。1998 年 2 月 ReactOS 專案正式啟動，開始開發系統核心和基本的驅動程式。
qas: question: zh_tw: ReactOS 為什麼鋪平了道路？
en: What did ReactOS pave the way for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 系統核心和基本的驅動程式

context: zh_tw: 此外，ReactOS 另外有一支實驗性的 Arwinss 團隊，透過另一種方式去構建 Win32 API，使 USER32 及 GDI32 的支援可以做得更好。ReactOS 原來的 Win32 子系統完全以 Windows 的等同為藍本，但 Arwinss 則透過合併原來 ReactOS 的 Win32 子系統及 Wine 的 Win32 子系統的架構，以好好利用 Wine 的系統相容性。這樣，Arwinss 就可以讓使用者透過一個遙距的 X server 作顯示，而無需硬性規定必須要用硬體上的顯示屏。
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰負責核心開發？
en: Who is responsible for kernel development?
answers: zh_tw: text: ReactOS
釋廣德
Thích Quảng Đức

context: zh_tw: 釋廣德殉道使國際間迫使吳廷琰改革的壓力增加了不少，而這最終迫他宣佈一些政策改革以緩和佛教徒的情緒。可是，這個已確立的改革不是進行緩慢便是不了了之，甚至在爭論中令官民關係更加惡化。在抗議示威同時，效忠吳廷瑈（吳廷琰的胞兄弟）的陸軍特種部隊於南越全國性地查抄了包括舍利寺的許多寺院，且搶走了「聖心」（廣德法師未燒的心臟）造成了寺院嚴重損毀與大量傷亡，導致數名佛教僧人跟隨釋廣德的行為自焚致死。最終，陸軍的楊文明帶領發動政變，並捕殺吳廷琰。因此，這件自焚事件間接地導致了政權的更替。
en: Thích Quảng Đức (Vietnamese: [tʰǐk̟ kʷâːŋ ɗɨ̌k] (listen); 1897 – 11 June 1963; born Lâm Văn Túc) was a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June 1963. Quảng Đức was protesting the persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government led by Ngô Đình Diệm. Photographs of his self-immolation were circulated widely across the world and brought attention to the policies of the Diệm government. John F. Kennedy said in reference to a photograph of Đức on fire, "No news picture in history has generated so much emotion around the world as that one." Malcolm Browne won a Pulitzer Prize for his photograph of the monk's death.Quảng Đức's act increased international pressure on Diệm and led him to announce reforms with the intention of mollifying the Buddhists. However, the promised reforms were not implemented, leading to a deterioration in the dispute. With protests continuing, the ARVN Special Forces loyal to Diệm's brother, Ngô Đình Nhu, launched nationwide raids on Buddhist pagodas, seizing Quảng Đức's heart and causing deaths and widespread damage. Several Buddhist monks followed Quảng Đức's example, also immolating themselves. Eventually, a U.S.-backed Army coup toppled Diệm, who was assassinated on 2 November 1963.
qas: question: zh_tw: 由於改革沒有到位，發生了什麼？
en: What happened because of the reforms not being put in place?
answers: zh_tw: text: 關係更加惡化
en: text: deterioration in the dispute
第二次泰法戰爭
Franco-Thai War

context: zh_tw: 泰國皇家陸軍是一支裝備相對不錯的部隊，總兵力 60 萬人。編制劃為 5 個軍，其中最大的是擁有 5 個師的布拉法軍。有最高統帥部獨立指揮的部隊包括兩個機械化騎兵旅，一個炮兵營，一個通訊營，一個工兵營和一個裝甲團。炮兵部隊裝備了一些老式克虜伯和較新式的博福斯榴彈炮以及野戰炮，裝甲部隊擁有 60 輛卡登 — 洛伊德和 30 輛維克斯 6 噸中型坦克。
en: The slightly larger Thai Army was a relatively well-equipped force. Consisting of 60,000 men, it was made up of four armies. The largest were the Burapha Army with five divisions and the Isan Army with three divisions. Independent formations under direct control of the army high command included two motorised cavalry battalions, one artillery battalion, one signals battalion, one engineer battalion, and one armoured regiment. The artillery was a mixture of Krupp guns and modern Bofors guns and Howitzers, while 60 Carden Loyd tankettes and 30 Vickers 6-ton tanks made up the bulk of the army's tank force.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰控制了獨立編隊？
en: Who controlled the independent formations?
answers: zh_tw: text: 最高統帥部
en: text: army high command
希臘神話
Greek mythology

context: zh_tw: 現在希臘神話已經從很多藝術品上關於眾神和英雄故事的裝飾得到考古學上證明。公元前 8 世紀的陶器上的幾何設計鮮明地記錄特洛伊圍城的場景和赫拉克勒斯的冒險。在隨後的古風時期、古典希臘時期以及希臘化時期，大量得到了文學上的證據證明神話場景不斷湧現。古希臘神話是歐洲文明的搖籃，對西方文化、藝術、文學和語言有著明顯而深遠的影響。從古希臘時期到現代，歷來詩人和藝術家很多都從希臘神話中獲得靈感，併為其賦予當代意義。
en: Aside from this narrative deposit in ancient Greek literature, pictorial representations of gods, heroes, and mythic episodes featured prominently in ancient vase-paintings and the decoration of votive gifts and many other artifacts. Geometric designs on pottery of the eighth century BC depict scenes from the Trojan cycle as well as the adventures of Heracles. In the succeeding Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods, Homeric and various other mythological scenes appear, supplementing the existing literary evidence.Greek mythology has had an extensive influence on the culture, arts, and literature of Western civilization and remains part of Western heritage and language. Poets and artists from ancient times to the present have derived inspiration from Greek mythology and have discovered contemporary significance and relevance in the themes.
qas: question: zh_tw: 荷馬神話在哪些時期開始出現？
en: During which periods did the Homeric mythologies begin to appear?
answers: zh_tw: text: 古風時期、古典希臘時期以及希臘化時期
en: text: Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods
SU-100 驅逐戰車
SU-100

context: zh_tw: 許多華沙公約組織的會員國與蘇聯的盟國也也採用了 SU-100，如埃及、古巴與安哥拉。根據 M-44 協議，一些 SU-100 在戰後交給了南斯拉夫。1950 年 12 月 1 日，蘇聯軍開始陸續撤離中國，存放在大連基地的裝備被直接出售給解放軍，其中包括 99 輛 SU-100S、18 輛 IS-2 重型戰車，16 輛 T-54S 以及 224 輛 T-34 主力戰車，1955 年，解放軍利用這些裝備在 64 軍 190 師的基礎上組建了第 1 機械化師。
en: Many Warsaw Pact countries also used the SU-100, as did Soviet allies such as Egypt, Angola and Cuba. A few SU-100 were delivered to Yugoslavia after the war, under the designation M-44. The SU-100 saw service in the fighting that accompanied the 1956 Suez Crisis, in which the Egyptians used SU-100s against Israel's M4 Sherman tanks. The vehicle was also utilized in the 1967 Six-Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War. It was modified slightly to adapt it to the sandy conditions of the Middle East, thus creating the SU-100M variant. Exported SU-100s continued in service until the 1970s, and in some countries, even later. Yugoslavs used them during the civil war; however, due to lack of spare parts they were quickly retired, despite their satisfactory performance. The SU-100 remains in use by the Vietnam People's Army and the Korean People's Army Ground Force.
qas: question: zh_tw: 華沙公約組織的會員國與蘇聯的盟國採用最多的是什麼？
en: What was largely used by soviet allies and many countries in the Warsaw pact?
answers: zh_tw: text: SU-100
en: text: SU-100
2 歐元紀念幣
2 euro commemorative coins

context: zh_tw: 這些硬幣的收藏價值通常在 2.5 歐元到 25 歐元。唯一的例外是聖馬利諾和梵蒂岡城的版本，前者以 30 至 40 歐元的價格出售，因此售價在 100 歐元以下的較為少見。摩納哥第一枚 2 歐元紀念幣的價值甚至已經超過面值的 500 倍。新版紀念幣的設計，會在歐盟公報上公告。
en: Issued designs are made public in the Official Journal of the European Union.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰發表發行的設計？
en: Who publicizes the issued designs?
answers: zh_tw: text: 歐盟公報
en: text: Official Journal of the European Union
卡爾・古斯塔夫 M/45 衝鋒槍

context: zh_tw: 卡爾・古斯塔夫 M/45（瑞典語：Kulsprutepistol M/45，簡稱：Kpist M/45；英語：Carl Gustav M/45；又稱：Swedish-K，意為：瑞典 K）是一系列由瑞典輕武器設計師貢納爾・約翰遜（英語：Gunnar Johnsson）在 1944 年至 1945 年之間設計，於 1945 年正式定型（因此定型後命名為 M/45），並且由位於瑞典埃斯基爾斯蒂納市（Eskilstuna）的卡爾・古斯塔夫城市步槍兵工廠（目前已經與佛倫內德飛比斯福肯軍械公司合併）所生產的衝鋒槍，發射 9×19 毫米魯格手槍子彈。
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰設計了 Kulsrutepistol？
en: Who designed the Kulsrutepistol?
answers: zh_tw: text: M/45；又稱：Swedish-K，意為：瑞典 K）是一系列由瑞典輕武器設計師貢納爾・約翰遜（英語：Gunnar

context: zh_tw: 在越南戰爭期間，美國海軍海豹部隊廣泛地採用卡爾・古斯塔夫 M/45 衝鋒槍。它們發現這種武器在潮溼和泥濘環境中功能可靠，出水後能立即射擊，其近程火力在叢林遭遇戰中足以應付，所以就在滲透巡邏任務中廣泛使用這種衝鋒槍。它亦被中央情報局在越南的特工人員和顧問所使用。在美國服役的該槍通常被稱為 “瑞典 - K”（英語：Swedish-K）或是 “K 步槍”（英語：K-Rifle）。美國海軍對卡爾・古斯塔夫 M/45 的印象非常深刻，當瑞典在 1966 年禁止該武器出口到美國，史密斯威森公司在部隊的迫切需求下研製了 M/45 的彷制型。這槍被命名為史密斯威森 M76。然而，當史密斯威森 M76 已經準備戰鬥部署時，大多數美國海軍海豹部隊在亞洲的直接行動已經結束了。美國部隊和機構所使用的所有卡爾・古斯塔夫 M/45 都沒有批號，這意味著他們沒有任何標記，暗示它們都是秘密使用。在 1980 年代，MK 武器公司生產了 MK-760，它是史密斯威森 M76 的彷制型。
qas: question: zh_tw: 當 M76 準備就緒時，美國海軍的狀況如何？
en: What was the state of innterest by the US Navy when M76 was ready?
answers: zh_tw: text: 大多數美國海軍海豹部隊在亞洲的直接行動已經結束了
難府
Nan Province

context: zh_tw: 難府（泰語：จังหวัดน่าน，皇家轉寫：Changwat Nan，泰語發音：[t͡ɕāŋ.wàt nâːn]），一譯楠府，是泰國北部的一個府。鄰近府分別為（由南方起順時針方向）程逸府、帕府和帕堯府。東北方則與寮國賽宋奔省交界。
en: Nan (Thai: น่าน, pronounced [nâːn]) is one of the northern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise): Uttaradit, Phrae, and Phayao. To the north and east it borders Sainyabuli of Laos.
qas: question: zh_tw: 三個鄰近府叫什麼？
en: What are the 3 neighboring provinces?
answers: zh_tw: text: 程逸府、帕府和帕堯府
en: text: Uttaradit, Phrae, and Phayao
拉斯穆・巴多林
Rasmus Bartholin

context: zh_tw: 拉斯穆・巴多林（Rasmus Bartholin，/bɑːrˈtoʊlɪn, ˈbɑːrtəlɪn/；1625 年 8 月 13 日－1698 年 11 月 4 日）是丹麥的科學家及物理學家。他在歐洲旅行長達十年之久。他是哥本哈根大學的教授，一開始研究地質學，後來研究醫學。他是托馬斯・巴託林的弟弟。
en: Rasmus Bartholin (; Latinized: Erasmus Bartholinus; 13 August 1625 – 4 November 1698) was a Danish scientist, physician and grammarian. As part of his studies, he travelled in Europe for ten years. Professor at the University of Copenhagen, first in Geometry, later in Medicine. He was a younger brother of Thomas Bartholin. He wrote, in Latin, the first grammar of the Danish language, the 1657 De studio lingvæ danicæ.
qas: question: zh_tw: 拉斯穆・巴多林的職業生涯是怎樣的？
en: Rasmus Bartholin had a career as what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 哥本哈根大學的教授，一開始研究地質學，後來研究醫學
en: text: Professor at the University of Copenhagen, first in Geometry, later in Medicine

context: zh_tw: 拉斯穆・巴多林在 1669 年發現了光束透過冰洲石（方解石）時會出現雙折射現象，當時他發表了一篇論文，針對此現象有精確的描述。不過當時科學界對光的物理特性還沒有充分了解，他也無法關解釋此現象。一直要到 1801 年托馬斯・楊提出光的波動理論後，才能說明此現象。
en: Rasmus Bartholin is remembered especially for his discovery (1669) of the double refraction of a light ray by Iceland spar (calcite). He published an accurate description of the phenomenon, but since the physical nature of light was poorly understood at the time, he was unable to explain it. It was only after Thomas Young proposed the wave theory of light, c. 1801 that an explanation became possible.
qas: question: zh_tw: 為什麼拉斯穆無法解釋這種現象？
en: Why was Rasmus unable to explain the phenomenon?
answers: zh_tw: text: 當時科學界對光的物理特性還沒有充分了解
en: text: physical nature of light was poorly understood at the time
密碼分析
Cryptanalysis

context: zh_tw: 儘管「密碼分析」這個詞是晚近出現的（1920 年由 William Friedman 確立），但破解密碼和密碼機的方法卻由來已久。世界上最早的破解密碼方法的文字記錄可以追溯到九世紀阿拉伯通才 Al Kindi 所著《破解密碼資訊》（A Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages），這篇文章論述了一個頻率分析的方法。
en: Although the actual word "cryptanalysis" is relatively recent (it was coined by William Friedman in 1920), methods for breaking codes and ciphers are much older. The first known recorded explanation of cryptanalysis was given by 9th-century Arab polymath, Al-Kindi (also known as "Alkindus" in Europe), in A Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages. This treatise includes a description of the method of frequency analysis (Ibrahim Al-Kadi, 1992- ref-3). Italian scholar Giambattista della Porta was author of a seminal work on cryptanalysis "De Furtivis Literarum Notis".Frequency analysis is the basic tool for breaking most classical ciphers. In natural languages, certain letters of the alphabet appear more often than others; in English, "E" is likely to be the most common letter in any sample of plaintext. Similarly, the digraph "TH" is the most likely pair of letters in English, and so on. Frequency analysis relies on a cipher failing to hide these statistics. For example, in a simple substitution cipher (where each letter is simply replaced with another), the most frequent letter in the ciphertext would be a likely candidate for "E". Frequency analysis of such a cipher is therefore relatively easy, provided that the ciphertext is long enough to give a reasonably representative count of the letters of the alphabet that it contains.In Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries, the idea of a polyalphabetic substitution cipher was developed, among others by the French diplomat Blaise de Vigenère (1523–96). For some three centuries, the Vigenère cipher, which uses a repeating key to select different encryption alphabets in rotation, was considered to be completely secure (le chiffre indéchiffrable—"the indecipherable cipher"). Nevertheless, Charles Babbage (1791–1871) and later, independently, Friedrich Kasiski (1805–81) succeeded in breaking this cipher. During World War I, inventors in several countries developed rotor cipher machines such as Arthur Scherbius' Enigma, in an attempt to minimise the repetition that had been exploited to break the Vigenère system.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰創造了密碼分析這個術語？
en: Who coined the term cryptanalysis?
answers: zh_tw: text: William Friedman
en: text: William Friedman
2017 年巴哈瓦爾布林爆炸

context: zh_tw: 運載燃料的油罐車在公路上爆胎失事翻側。當訊息傳至鄰近的村莊後，數百居民蜂擁至現場，收集洩漏的燃料。在場的交通警察曾試圖阻止人群接近失事油罐車，但不成功。期間車輛爆炸，許多死者被燒至難以辨認。初期報道稱有人點燃香菸導致爆炸。
qas: question: zh_tw: 爆炸是由什麼引起的？
en: What caused the explosion?
answers: zh_tw: text: 有人點燃香菸

context: zh_tw: 巴國首相謝里夫指示旁遮普省政府盡力提供適切的救援。受事件影響，來自英國的私人旅行遊客終止了他們的旅程，從巴基斯坦回國。
qas: question: zh_tw: 巴基斯坦的上任首相是誰？
en: who was the ex-prime minister of Pakistan?
answers: zh_tw: text: 謝里夫
尼基・柏恩
Nicky Byrne

context: zh_tw: 1997 年，柏恩參加了一個新愛爾蘭男子音樂組合的選拔，在這他遇上了男孩特區的經理人路易・華許，並希望他加入西城男孩。後來柏恩與奇恩・伊根、馬克・費海利、尚恩・菲南和拜仁・麥法頓組成了西城男孩。
en: In June 1998, Byrne attended an audition for new Irish boyband, where Boyzone manager Louis Walsh approached him to join his new venture, Westlife. Byrne joined Westlife along with Kian Egan, Mark Feehily, Shane Filan and Brian McFadden. Byrne revealed in Westlife: Our Story that he had wanted to change the name of the band to West High; but the others preferred Westlife. With Westlife, Byrne has had 25 top ten UK singles, 14 of which, were number one, 7 number one albums and has sold in excess of over 55 million records worldwide. It is certified that Westlife have sold 20.2 million records and videos in the UK across their 14-year career – 6.8 million singles, 11.9 million albums and 1.5 million videos. Byrne also had a number one single in Ireland in 2002, alongside the Republic of Ireland national football team and Dustin the Turkey with the Irish 2002 FIFA World Cup anthem, "Here Come The Good Times (Ireland)". He also co-wrote many of Westlife's songs.
qas: question: zh_tw: 柏恩和哪些人一起加入了西城男孩？
en: Who did Byrne join Westlife with?
answers: zh_tw: text: 奇恩・伊根、馬克・費海利、尚恩・菲南和拜仁・麥法頓
en: text: Kian Egan, Mark Feehily, Shane Filan and Brian McFadden
哈薩克

context: zh_tw: 哈薩克共和國（哈薩克語：Қазақстан Республикасы / Qazaqstan Respýblıkаsy；俄語：Республика Казахстан；英語：Republic of Kazakhstan），通稱哈薩克（哈薩克語：Қазақстан / Qazaqstan；俄語：Казахстан；英語：Kazakhstan），為跨洲國家，地跨歐亞兩洲，主要位於中亞北部，在烏拉爾河以西的一小部分領土位於歐洲。哈薩克國土面積 2,727,300 平方公里，為世界上最大的內陸國家，世界第九大國。哈薩克經濟在中亞居主導地位，佔中亞區域生產總值的 60%，以石油、天然氣工業為主，另有豐富的礦產資源。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哈薩克有多大？
en: what is the size of Kazakhstan?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2,727,300 平方公里

context: zh_tw: 主要的畜牧業產品包括奶製品、皮革、肉類食物及羊毛，主要作物包括小麥、大麥、棉花、稻及甜菜，小麥出口貿易為該國硬通貨的主要來源。哈薩克被認為是蘋果的發源地之一，當地稱野生蘋果為阿拉馬（alma），與地名阿拉木圖（Almaty，指富有蘋果的地區）有所關連。
qas: question: zh_tw: 不在土壤中生長的最重要的農產品是什麼？
en: What is the most important agricultural commodity that isn't grown in the ground?
answers: zh_tw: text: 畜牧業產品
孟加拉鄉村銀行

context: zh_tw: 穆罕默德・尤努斯在 1974 年孟加拉國饑荒期間獲得了這個靈感，他向一個 42 個家庭組成的團體提供 27 美元的小額貸款，作為他們創業的啟動資金，使他們能夠在免受掠奪性貸款的情況下進行手工業製造和銷售。尤努斯認為，向更多的人提供這種貸款可以刺激企業，緩解孟加拉農村普遍存在的貧困。
qas: question: zh_tw: 穆罕默德・尤努斯給了 42 個家庭多少錢？
en: How much money did Muhammad Yunus give to 42 families?
answers: zh_tw: text: 27 美元

context: zh_tw: 格萊珉銀行由銀行的借款人所有，其中大部分是貧窮婦女。在銀行的總股本中，借款人擁有 94%，剩下的 6% 是孟加拉政府擁有的。該銀行在 2003 至 2007 年間迅速發展。截至 2011 年 1 月，銀行的借方總數為 840 萬，其中 97% 為女性。借款人自 2003 以來已增加了一倍多，並擁有 312 萬名受助者。. 在所涵蓋的村莊數量上也可以看到類似的迅速增長。截至 2007 年 10 月，該銀行擁有員工 24703 多名，其 2468 個分支機構為 80257 個村莊提供服務，而在 2003 年業務只覆蓋了 43681 個村莊。銀行已經發放 1 兆 4370 億孟加拉塔卡（209 億 2000 萬美元）的貸款，其中 1 兆 3170 億（190 億 2000 萬美元）已償還。 該銀行的還款率已經達到 96.67%，高於 1998 年宣佈的的 95%。 David Roodman has critiqued the accounting practices that Grameen used to determine this rate. David Roodman 批評了格萊珉銀行用來確定這一統計資料的會計方法。[26]
qas: question: zh_tw: 格萊珉銀行歸誰所有？
en: who owns Grameen Bank?
answers: zh_tw: text: 由銀行的借款人所有，其中大部分是貧窮婦女
Adblock Plus
Adblock Plus

context: zh_tw: Adblock Plus（ABP）是一個由 Eyeo GmbH 公司（Wladimir Palant）開發的開放原始碼附加元件。現已支援 Mozilla Firefox（含 Firefox 行動版）、Google Chrome、Internet Explorer、Opera、Safari、Microsoft Edge、Android、Yandex Browser 和傲遊瀏覽器。
en: Adblock Plus (ABP) is an open-source browser extension for content-filtering and ad blocking. It is developed by Eyeo GmbH (Wladimir Palant), a German software development company. The extension has been released for Mozilla Firefox (including Firefox for mobile), Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge (beta version), Opera, Safari, Yandex Browser, and Android.
qas: question: zh_tw: Adblock Plus 支援什麼？
en: What was Adblock Plus released for?
answers: zh_tw: text: Mozilla Firefox（含 Firefox 行動版）、Google Chrome、Internet Explorer、Opera、Safari、Microsoft Edge、Android、Yandex Browser 和傲遊瀏覽器。
en: text: Mozilla Firefox (including Firefox for mobile), Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge (beta version), Opera, Safari, Yandex Browser, and Android.
Acid2
Acid2

context: zh_tw: 如果渲染正確，瀏覽器開啟 Acid2 的測試頁面則會看到一個笑臉，笑臉頭部上方有 "Hello World!" 字樣，當滑鼠指向笑臉鼻子的時候鼻子會變成藍色。在測試剛推出時，沒有一個瀏覽器可排出要求的影象，但現代的許多瀏覽器都已經通過了測試。見以下的列表。
en: If rendered correctly, Acid2 will appear as a smiley face below the text "Hello World!" in the user's browser, with the nose turning blue when the mouse cursor hovers over it. At the time of the test's release, every browser failed it, but now a number of browsers pass it. See the list below.
qas: question: zh_tw: 測試釋出時，多少個瀏覽器失敗？
en: How many browsers failed when the test was released?
answers: zh_tw: text: 沒有一個瀏覽器可排出要求的影象
en: text: every browser
神秘音樂秀：蒙面歌王
King of Mask Singer

context: zh_tw: 此節目為歌唱比賽，由觀眾和藝人評審投票決定勝負，由於參賽者戴著面具隱藏身份，所以只能由歌聲分出勝負，所有參賽者在被淘汰前不會公佈身份。每場比賽有八名參賽者，經三輪單淘汰賽，分為兩集播出。第一輪對手唱同一首歌，第二、三輪唱不同的歌。第三輪勝者會挑戰前一輪的勝者，挑戰成功則成為新一代的蒙面歌王。保有蒙面歌王最多屆的人是河鉉雨，共九屆，第二名是孫勝妍，共八屆。
en: Each competition lasts for two episodes, with the singers competing one-on-one in three elimination rounds. They are given elaborate masks which are made by designer Hwang Jae-geun to wear in order to conceal their identity, thus removing factors such as popularity, career and age that could lead to prejudiced voting. In the first round, both contestants sing the same song, while in the second and third round they each sing a solo song. The winners of each pair are selected by the audience and panel of celebrities through instant live votes. The identities of the singers are not revealed until they have been eliminated. The winner of the third round challenges the previous competition's Mask King, and is either eliminated or becomes the new Mask King. Ha Hyun-woo of Guckkasten ("Music Captain of Our Local") has nine consecutive wins, which is the highest number of wins achieved by any contestant (and highest number of males) and Son Seung-yeon ("The East Invincibility") has eight consecutive wins, which is the highest number of consecutive wins ever achieved by a female contestant.
qas: question: zh_tw: 每場比賽持續多長時間？
en: How long does each competition last?
answers: zh_tw: text: 兩集
en: text: two episodes
2018 年 1 月 31 日月食
January 2018 lunar eclipse

context: zh_tw: 2018 年 1 月 31 日月食為一次在協調世界時 2018 年 1 月 31 日出現的月全食。該次月食半影食分為 2.320、全影食分為 1.321。
en: A total lunar eclipse occurred on January 31, 2018. The Moon was near its perigee on January 30 and as such may be described as a "supermoon". The previous supermoon lunar eclipse was in September 2015.As this supermoon was also a blue moon (the second full moon in a calendar month), it was referred to as a "super blue blood moon"; "blood" refers to the typical red color of the Moon during a total lunar eclipse. This coincidence last occurred on December 30, 1982 for the eastern hemisphere, and otherwise before that on March 31, 1866. The next occurrence will be on January 31, 2037, one metonic cycle (19 years) later.
qas: question: zh_tw: 月全食在何時出現？
en: When did the total lunar eclipse occur?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2018 年 1 月 31 日
en: text: January 31, 2018
布萊德利・庫柏
Bradley Cooper

context: zh_tw: 2006 年 3 月，布萊德利・庫柏首度演出百老匯，與茱莉亞・羅勃茲和保羅・路德合演「Three Days of Rain（三日雨）」。2007 年庫柏演出《整形春秋》第五季，飾演科幻節目的電視偶像艾丹・史東（Aidan Stone）。2008 年古柏亦在金凱瑞主演喜劇電影《沒問題先生》擔任男配角。2009 年 2 月，庫柏主持《週六夜現場》隨同音樂嘉賓 TV on the Radio 樂團。2009 年在愛情喜劇《他其實沒那麼喜歡妳》與眾多好萊塢明星演出，且在同年暑期檔主演電影《醉後大丈夫》達到演藝高峰。在幕後採訪表訴他曾想飾演《自由大道 》中詹姆斯・弗朗科所詮釋的角色。
en: Cooper's career prospects improved with a more prominent role in the David Dobkin-directed comedy Wedding Crashers (2005) alongside Owen Wilson, Vince Vaughn and Rachel McAdams. In the film, he played Sack Lodge, the arrogant and aggressive boyfriend of Claire (McAdams) who is obsessed with winning—a role he describes as "kind of a sociopath". Cooper believed that the antagonistic character changed people's perception of him, as he had previously played the "nice guy". With a production budget of $40 million, the film grossed over $285 million worldwide. In September 2005, Fox debuted the sitcom Kitchen Confidential, based on a memoir by chef Anthony Bourdain, with Cooper in the leading role. Despite positive reviews for the series, the show was canceled after only four episodes due to low ratings.In March 2006, Cooper starred as Pip/Theo in Three Days of Rain on Broadway with Julia Roberts and Paul Rudd. This was followed by minor roles in the romantic comedy Failure to Launch (2006) and the satirical comedy The Comebacks (2007). Cooper next appeared in the fifth season of Nip/Tuck (2007) as Aidan Stone, a television star on the fictional show Hearts 'N Scalpels. In 2008, he played the lead in Older than America, and appeared onstage in a production of Theresa Rebeck's play The Understudy at the Williamstown Theatre Festival alongside Kristen Johnston. Between his small roles of best friend to the main character in the 2008 comedies Yes Man and The Rocker, Cooper landed the lead role in the Ryuhei Kitamura-directed horror film The Midnight Meat Train (2008), based on Clive Barker's 1984 short story of the same name. Playing the dark character of a freelance photographer who tries to track down a serial killer was a departure from Cooper's previous comedic roles and an experience he found enjoyable. The film received positive reviews from critics, though it earned little at the box office.
qas: question: zh_tw: 庫柏在《整形春秋》中飾演誰？
en: Who did Cooper appear as in the show Nip/Tuck?
answers: zh_tw: text: 艾丹・史東
en: text: Aidan Stone
英聯邦

context: zh_tw: 伊麗莎白女王二世在 1959 年在自治領日向加拿大發言時指出，加拿大於 1867 年 7 月 1 日組成聯邦意味著 “大英帝國第一個獨立國家” 的誕生。她宣稱：“這也代表著現在被稱為大英國協的獨立國家自由聯合的開始。” 然而，早在 1884 年，羅斯伯裡爵士在訪問澳大利亞時曾談論過改變大英帝國，因為它的一些殖民地變得更加獨立，如 “大英國協”。英國和殖民地總理的初次會議於 1887 年召開，而這也導致 1911 年帝國會議的建立。
qas: question: zh_tw: 變化的大英帝國被羅斯伯裡爵士叫做什麼？
en: What was the changing British Empire called by Lord Rosebery?
answers: zh_tw: text: 大英國協

context: zh_tw: 1931 年 “1931 年西敏法令” 規定了這些關係的這些方面。該法案適用於加拿大而不需要批准，但澳大利亞，紐西蘭和紐芬蘭需要批准該法規生效。1934 年 2 月 16 日，經議會同意，紐芬蘭政府不願接受條約 ，治理又回到了英國的直接控制之下。紐芬蘭於 1949 年加入加拿大為其第十個省。澳大利亞和紐西蘭分別在 1942 年和 1947 年批准了 “規約”。
qas: question: zh_tw: 紐芬蘭何時成為加拿大的一部分？
en: When did Newfoundland become part of Canada?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1949
黃石國家公園
Yellowstone National Park

context: zh_tw: 1985 年的 3 個月中，公園的西北方向檢測到了 3000 次輕微地震，這些地震被歸類為一次群震，起因是黃石火山口的輕微下陷。從 2007 年 4 月 30 日開始後數天的時間裡，黃石火山口發出了 16 次小型地震，其中震級最高為 2.7。這樣的群震事實上很常見，從 1983 至 2008 年已經發生過了 70 次這樣的群震。2008 年 12 月，黃石湖在 4 天的時間裡一共發生了超過 250 次地震，測量到的最大震級為 3.9。到了 2010 年 1 月，僅兩天時間裡就檢測到了超過 250 次地震。地震活動仍然不斷在黃石國家公園繼續，美國地質調查局已經啟動地震災難計劃每小時自動進行報告。
en: For three months in 1985, 3,000 minor earthquakes were detected in the northwestern section of the park, during what has been referred to as an earthquake swarm, and has been attributed to minor subsidence of the Yellowstone caldera. Beginning on April 30, 2007, 16 small earthquakes with magnitudes up to 2.7 occurred in the Yellowstone Caldera for several days. These swarms of earthquakes are common, and there have been 70 such swarms between 1983 and 2008. In December 2008, over 250 earthquakes were measured over a four-day span under Yellowstone Lake, the largest measuring a magnitude of 3.9. In January 2010, more than 250 earthquakes were detected over a two-day period. Seismic activity in Yellowstone National Park continues and is reported hourly by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey.On March 30, 2014, a magnitude 4.8 earthquake struck almost the very middle of Yellowstone near the Norris Basin at 6:34 am; reports indicated no damage. This was the largest earthquake to hit the park since February 22, 1980.
qas: question: zh_tw: 黃石湖在 2008 年發生多少次地震？
en: How many eartherquakes were there in December 2008 at Yellowstone Lake?
answers: zh_tw: text: 超過 250 次
en: text: over 250

context: zh_tw: 公園內原生有超過 1700 種樹木和其它維管植物，另外有約 170 種被認為屬於外來物種。其中記錄了 8 種松柏類植物，所有樹林面積中有 80% 是黑松林。其他針葉林如高山冷杉、英格曼雲杉、洛磯山脈花旗松和白皮松都在整個公園內發現了零散的小樹林。截止 2007 年，白皮松受到了一種真菌引起的皰鏽病威脅，不過這一情況基本侷限於森林的北部和西部。與蒙大拿州西北部幾乎全部都這種真菌侵擾的情況相比，黃石只有約 7% 的白皮松受到影響。
en: Over 1,700 species of trees and other vascular plants are native to the park. Another 170 species are considered to be exotic species and are non-native. Of the eight conifer tree species documented, Lodgepole Pine forests cover 80% of the total forested areas. Other conifers, such as Subalpine Fir, Engelmann Spruce, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir and Whitebark Pine, are found in scattered groves throughout the park. As of 2007, the whitebark pine is threatened by a fungus known as white pine blister rust; however, this is mostly confined to forests well to the north and west. In Yellowstone, about seven percent of the whitebark pine species have been impacted with the fungus, compared to nearly complete infestations in northwestern Montana. Quaking Aspen and willows are the most common species of deciduous trees. The aspen forests have declined significantly since the early 20th century, but scientists at Oregon State University attribute recent recovery of the aspen to the reintroduction of wolves which has changed the grazing habits of local elk.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在公園裡的各種樹木中，可以找到哪些針葉林？
en: What conifers can be found among the various groves in the park?
answers: zh_tw: text: 高山冷杉、英格曼雲杉、洛磯山脈花旗松和白皮松
en: text: Subalpine Fir, Engelmann Spruce, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir and Whitebark Pine
讓 - 巴普蒂斯・貝西埃爾
Jean-Baptiste Bessières

context: zh_tw: 讓 - 巴普蒂斯・貝西埃爾（Jean Baptiste Bessières，1768 年 8 月 6 日－1813 年 5 月 1 日），法國軍人、拿破崙麾下的元帥、帝國近衛軍司令，獲封伊斯特利亞公爵。
en: Jean-Baptiste Bessières, 1st Duc d' Istria (6 August 1768 – 1 May 1813) was a Marshal of France of the Napoleonic Era. His younger brother, Bertrand, followed in his footsteps and eventually became a divisional general. Their cousin, Géraud-Pierre-Henri-Julien, also served Napoleon I as a diplomat and Imperial official.
qas: question: zh_tw: 讓 - 巴普蒂斯・貝西埃爾的頭銜是什麼？
en: What was the title of Jean-Baptiste Bessières?
answers: zh_tw: text: 元帥
en: text: Marshal
分子軌道
Molecular orbital

context: zh_tw: 分子軌域（英語：Molecular orbital, MO）是化學中用以描述分子中電子的波動特性的函式。這個函式可以計算出化學和物理性質，例如在任意一個特定區域找到電子的機率。「軌域」一詞由羅伯特・桑德森・馬利肯於 1932 年提出，為「單電子軌域波函式」（one-electron orbital wave function）的簡稱。從基本層面上來說，它用於描述該函式具有顯著振幅的空間區域。分子軌域通常由分子中的個別原子提供的原子軌域、混成軌域，或者其他原子團的分子軌域結合而成。這些可以由哈特里－福克方程或自洽場方法（SCF）量化計算。
en: In chemistry, a molecular orbital (MO) is a mathematical function describing the wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule. This function can be used to calculate chemical and physical properties such as the probability of finding an electron in any specific region. The term orbital was introduced by Robert S. Mulliken in 1932 as an abbreviation for one-electron orbital wave function. At an elementary level, it is used to describe the region of space in which the function has a significant amplitude. Molecular orbitals are usually constructed by combining atomic orbitals or  hybrid orbitals from each atom of the molecule, or other molecular orbitals from groups of atoms. They can be quantitatively calculated using the Hartree–Fock or self-consistent field (SCF) methods.
qas: question: zh_tw: 分子軌道可以由哈特里－什麼方法構成？
en: Molecular orbitals can be constructed with the Hartree and what method?
answers: zh_tw: text: 福克
en: text: Fock

question: zh_tw: MO 代表什麼？
en: What does MO stand for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 分子軌域
en: text: molecular orbital
丙型肝炎

context: zh_tw: 刺青會增加罹患 C 型肝炎二至三倍的風險。這可能是由於使用不當的消毒裝置或遭受汙染的染料而造成的。在一九八零年代中期之前，因為缺乏消毒技術，透過 “地下行業” 或者非專業者所執行的刺青或穿洞的行為令人擔憂。顯然刺青越大所帶來的風險將越大。一般推測將近半數的囚犯共同使用未經消毒的刺青裝置。如果透過有執照的機構進行刺青，因而罹患 C 型肝炎的機率非常微小。
qas: question: zh_tw: 為什麼監獄紋身感染丙型肝炎的風險很高？
en: Why do prison tattoos have a high risk of infection with HCV?
answers: zh_tw: text: 囚犯共同使用未經消毒的刺青裝置

context: zh_tw: 在 1970 年代中期，美國國立衛生研究院輸血醫學部傳染疾病組長哈維・詹姆斯・阿爾特和他的研究團隊表示大多數輸血後肝炎病例並不是因為 A 型或 B 型肝炎病毒。儘管有此發現，國際研究對於確認病毒的努力在 10 年內仍失敗了，而把它稱為非 A 非 B 肝炎（NANBH）。在 1987 年，希龍公司的麥可・霍頓、朱桂霖、郭勁宏與丹尼爾・布拉德利博士在美國疾病控制與預防中心合作，他們利用一種新的分子選殖技術去確認未知生物體和發展診斷檢測。1988 年阿爾特在非 A 非 B 肝炎的樣本中驗證了病毒的存在，確認有 C 肝病毒。1989 年 4 月的科學雜誌中刊登了二篇有關發現 C 肝病疫苗的文章。此發現大幅提升了 C 肝的診斷及抗病毒治療。阿爾特和布拉德利在 2000 年獲得了拉斯克獎，原因是「其開創性的工作，因此發現造成 C 型肝炎的病毒，並且發展篩選方法，使得美國輸血相關的肝炎由 1970 年的 30% 降到 2000 年幾乎為 0 的發生率。」1991 年，國際病毒分類學會將 HCV 歸為黃病毒科丙型肝炎病毒屬。
qas: question: zh_tw: 診斷檢測中應用分子選殖技術是哪一年？
en: What year was the Diagnostic test eventually used in cloning?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1987
國父
Father of the Nation

context: zh_tw: 許多獨裁者會在其政治生涯中為自己加諸各式稱號，如多哥總統納辛貝・埃亞德馬自稱為 “國父”、“老大哥” 和 “人民的指引”， 扎伊爾總統蒙博託・塞塞・塞科自稱 “國父”、“指引者”、“救世者”、“舵手”、“花豹”、“太陽總統” 和 “跨越一切障礙的雄雞”。 斯大林於 1949 年的 70 歲誕辰時，被贈予 “國父” 的稱號，表彰其在二戰後，在俄羅斯佔領國家締造的 “人民民主” 功績。
en: In postcolonial Africa, "father of the nation" was a title used by many leaders both to refer to their role in the independence movement as a source of legitimacy, and to use paternalist symbolism as a source of continued popularity. On Joseph Stalin's seventieth birthday in 1949, he was bestowed with the title "Father of Nations" for his establishment of "people's democracies" in countries occupied by the USSR after World War II.The title "Father of the Nation" is sometimes politically contested. The 1972 Constitution of Bangladesh declared Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to be "father of the nation". The BNP government removed this in 2004, to the protests of the oppostition Awami League, led by Rahman's daughter Sheikh Hasina. A motion in the Parliament of Slovakia to proclaim controversial pre-war leader Andrej Hlinka "father of the nation" barely failed in September 2007.
qas: question: zh_tw: 從 20 世紀 20 年代中期至 1953 年擔任總書記並領導蘇聯的人是哪位？
en: who led the Soviet Union from the mid–1920s until 1953 as General Secretary?
answers: zh_tw: text: 斯大林
en: text: Joseph Stalin
改善法
Kaizen

context: zh_tw: 改善法（Kaizen、日語：改善）是起源於豐田公司在生產、機械和商務管理中持續改進的管理法。已經在全球很多領域，如醫療、心理治療、人壽、政府、銀行和機構採用。當在商業中使用的時候，改善法可應用於所有運營流程，涉及從 CEO 到流水線工人的所有員工。也應用於所有流程，例如採購、物流、供應鏈等。為了提高活動和流程，改善法的目的是消除浪費 (參見精益生產)。改善法首先戰後在幾家日本公司應用，受到美國公司的影響，以及美國到日本訪問的一些管理專家。日本對其發展，並傳播在全世界範圍內。目前，在商業和生產以外，也在很多領域應用。
en: Kaizen (改善) is the Sino-Japanese word for "improvement". In business, kaizen refers to activities that continuously improve all functions and involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers. It also applies to processes, such as purchasing and logistics, that cross organizational boundaries into the supply chain. It has been applied in healthcare, psychotherapy, life-coaching, government, and banking.
qas: question: zh_tw: 與改善法相關的活動包括哪些例子？
en: What are some examples of Kaizen related activities?
answers: zh_tw: text: 採購、物流
en: text: purchasing and logistics
毛羅・伊卡爾迪
Mauro Icardi

context: zh_tw: 伊卡爾迪出生於阿根廷羅薩里奧，6 歲時和家人移居到西班牙，並在貝辛達里奧接受職業足球訓練，他在各級別的青年隊比賽中總共射進超過 500 個進球。2008 年，西甲豪門巴塞羅那戰勝皇家馬德里、瓦倫西亞、塞維利亞、阿森納、利物浦等球隊，和伊卡爾迪簽訂一份至 2013 年到期的合同。伊卡爾迪先後在巴塞羅那 U17 和 U19 梯隊踢球，2011 年 1 月 11 日，他被租借到義大利球隊桑普多利亞至賽季結束。他在義大利青年聯賽中表現出色，在租借期的 19 場比賽中射進 13 球。2011 年 7 月，桑普多利亞動用租借合同中的買斷條款，以 40 萬歐元的身價和伊卡爾迪簽約 3 年。2012 年 5 月 12 日，他在意乙聯賽桑普多利亞對陣尤維斯塔比亞的比賽第 75 分鐘替補布魯諾・福納羅利出場，上演職業生涯的聯賽首秀。10 分鐘後，他射入首粒正式比賽進球，幫助球隊 2 比 1 擊敗對手。2012/13 賽季，伊卡爾迪在意甲聯賽中出場 31 次，收穫 10 個進球，幫助球隊保級成功。
en: On 11 January 2011, Sampdoria confirmed Icardi had signed with the club on loan until the end of the season. After a successful six-month loan for la Samp, scoring 13 goals in 19 games with the Primavera team, the Italian side utilised the option to buy Icardi for €400,000 in July 2011, signing a three-year deal. In 2011–12 season, he scored 19 goals in the reserve league Group A, as the joint-third topscorer of the league along with Gonzalo Barreto of Group C.
qas: question: zh_tw: 伊卡迪在租借期給桑普多利亞進了多少球？
en: How many goals did Icardi score on loan for Sampdoria?
answers: zh_tw: text: 13 球
en: text: 13
正模標本

context: zh_tw: 正模標本不一定是該分類單元的典型個體，但是在理想狀態下它應該是。有時一個僅一個個體的部分是一正模標本，比如一副少見的化石。比如侏儸紀早期的草食性恐龍畸形龍的正模標本是一塊在倫敦英國自然歷史博物館儲藏的肱骨。雖然此後發現了更好的化石，但是正模標本已經被佔據了。
qas: question: zh_tw: 正模標本是典型的還是非典型的？
en: Is a holotype typical or atypical?
answers: zh_tw: text: 不一定是該分類單元的典型個體

question: zh_tw: 草食性恐龍畸形龍來自哪個時期？
en: Which period is the dinosaur Pelosaurus humerocristatus from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 侏儸紀早期
可洛米分
Clomifene

context: zh_tw: 可洛米分（Clomifene），為治療女性無排卵性不孕症，包含多囊卵巢綜合症（PCOS）患者。使用後會導致生出雙胞胎的機率增加。本品為口服藥，一天服用一次。
en: Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate. This includes those who have polycystic ovary syndrome. Use results in a greater chance of twins. It is taken by mouth once a day.Common side effects include pelvic pain and hot flashes. Other side effects can include changes in vision, vomiting, trouble sleeping, ovarian cancer, and seizures. It is not recommended in people with liver disease or who are pregnant. Clomifene is in the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) family of medication. It works by causing the release of GnRH by the hypothalamus, and subsequently gonadotropin from the anterior pituitary.Clomifene was approved for medical use in the United States in 1967. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.79 to 2.00 USD for a course of treatment. In the United States the wholesale cost of a course of treatment is 4.80 USD. Its introduction began the era of assisted reproductive technology.
qas: question: zh_tw: 可洛米分會增加多胎妊娠的機率嗎？
en: Does clomifene increase the chances of a multiple pregnancy?
answers: zh_tw: text: 使用後會導致生出雙胞胎的機率增加
en: text: Use results in a greater chance of twins.