zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
氣旋納爾吉斯
Cyclone Nargis

context: zh_tw: 在斯里蘭卡，風暴納爾吉斯帶來了驚人的降雨，造成斯里蘭卡有 10 個省區淹水併發生土石流。這些地區中又以拉特納普拉和凱格勒兩區受創最大，當地至少超過 3000 戶以上的家庭流離失所。數千間的房屋被洪水淹沒，21 間房屋被摧毀。降雨使得斯里蘭卡全島有 4500 人無家可歸，和超過 35000 人受災。共造成三人死亡。印度氣象局釋出警報，要求漁民在風暴期間不要出航在海上捕魚。巨浪跟強風將會沿著泰米爾納德邦及安得拉邦海岸。 此外，風暴也使得印度東南沿海地區溫度有所下降，而當時當地正受到嚴重的熱浪襲擊。當風暴即將扺達孟加拉時，官方要求孟加拉農民趕緊完成稻米的收割工作，同時，孟加拉之前因氣旋錫德有過嚴重的糧食短缺經驗，而納爾吉斯會導致農作物損毀。
en: On 27 and 28 April, the cyclone enhanced the South-West Monsoon over Sri Lanka, which resulted in very heavy rain, flooding, and landslides being reported within the Western, Sabaragamuwa and Southern provinces. The districts of Ratnapura and Kegalle were the most affected, where more than 3,000 families were displaced. Thousands of houses were flooded, with 21 reported destroyed. The rainfall left 4,500 people homeless, and more than 35,000 people were affected on the island. Three people were reported injured on the island, while two were reported dead.The India Meteorological Department recommended that fishermen should not sail on the ocean during the passage of Nargis. Strong waves and gusty winds were expected along the Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh coastline in India. Additionally, the influence of the cyclone lowered temperatures along the Indian coastline, which had been affected by a severe heat wave.When the cyclone was originally expected to strike near Bangladesh, officials requested farmers to hurriedly finish harvesting the rice crop. At the time, the country was experiencing severe food shortages from Cyclone Sidr in the previous year and flooding earlier in the year, and a direct strike from Nargis would have resulted in destroyed crops due to strong winds.
qas: question: zh_tw: 氣象學家預測哪種天氣將出現在印度海岸？
en: What type of weather did the meteprologist predict would happen on India's coastline?
answers: zh_tw: text: 巨浪跟強風
en: text: Strong waves and gusty winds

question: zh_tw: 有多少人遭受洪水影響？
en: How many people suffered the effects of the flood?
answers: zh_tw: text: 35000
en: text: 35,000
康斯坦丁・格奧爾基耶維奇・帕烏斯托夫斯基

context: zh_tw: 帕烏斯托夫斯基在烏克蘭鄉下和基輔長大，1902 年進入基輔第一中學學習，喜歡讀《萬有文庫》，從中瞭解到都德、狄更斯和塞萬提斯等人的作品，對亞歷山大・格林的海洋小說特別感興趣，並認識了後來也成為著名作家的布林加科夫。1906 年帕烏斯托夫斯基的父親突然辭去工作離家而去，家中只得靠變賣物品和他作家庭教師以維持生計。1909 年父親去世。
qas: question: zh_tw: 這位父親做什麼沒有選擇？
en: What did the father have no choice in doing?
answers: zh_tw: text: 作家庭教師

context: zh_tw: 帕烏斯托夫斯基最先喜歡創作詩歌，但隨著年齡增長，發現自己寫的詩徒具形式，改為透過小說來記錄自己的生活經歷。1911 年是他在基輔第一中學的最後一個學期，他在《火光》雜誌上發表了自己的第一個短篇小說《水上》。1912 年他考入 基輔大學自然歷史系。1914 年轉入莫斯科大學法律系。同年，第一次世界大戰爆發，帕烏斯托夫斯基輟學，先當電車司機，後志願參加醫療列車的救護隊。1915 年中他所在的醫療部隊經過波蘭和白俄羅斯撤退。在他的兩個兄弟犧牲之後，他回到莫斯科的母親身邊。秋天起，他先後在葉卡捷琳諾斯拉夫和尤佐夫卡的冶金工廠當工人（今烏克蘭的第聶伯羅彼得羅夫斯克和頓涅斯克）。1916 年他在塔甘羅格鍋爐廠當工人，後去塔甘羅格漁業合作社當漁業工人，並在那裡寫了第一部中篇小說《幻想家》。
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼使他在莫斯科大學輟學？
en: What interrupted his studies at the University of Moscow?
answers: zh_tw: text: 第一次世界大戰
阿普林縣 (喬治亞州)

context: zh_tw: 該縣 6,606 戶中，34.50% 有未滿 18 歲的孩子同住，56.60% 為同住的夫婦，12.50% 為未婚的獨居女性，而 26.50% 是非家庭。同時，23.20% 為個體戶，9.80% 為 65 歲或以上的獨居長者。平均戶規模為 2.60 人，平均家庭規模為 3.04 人。年齡分佈方面，未滿 18 歲人士佔 27.10%，18-24 歲佔 9.00%，25-44 歲佔 28.50%，45-64 歲佔 23.50%，65 歲或以上佔 11.8%。年齡中位數為 35 歲。男女比例為每 100 名女性相對有 97.10 男性，每 100 名 18 歲或以上女性相對有 93.30 名男性。戶收入中位數為 30,266 美元，家庭收入中位數為 34,890 美元。男性收入中位數為 27,753 美元，女性收入中位數為 18,148 美元。人均收入為 15,044 美元，約有 14.90% 家庭和 18.60% 人口在貧窮線下（23.90% 未滿 18 歲，24.40% 為 65 歲或以上）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 那裡的非家庭比例是多少？
en: what is the percantage on non-families out there?
answers: zh_tw: text: 26.50%

question: zh_tw: 哪種人口占總人口的 11.8% ？
en: Which demographic comprised 11.8% of the population?
answers: zh_tw: text: 65 歲或以上
1811 年大彗星
Great Comet of 1811

context: zh_tw: 德國天文學家約翰・卡爾・布克哈特（Johann Karl Burckhardt）於 1811 年 6 月第一次臨時計算出彗星的公轉軌道。根據這些計算，海因裡希・威廉・馬特烏斯・奧伯斯做出預測，彗星將會於 1811 年末變得非常明亮。
en: The comet was discovered  March 25, 1811 by Honoré Flaugergues at 2.7 AU from the Sun in the now-defunct constellation of Argo Navis. After being obscured for several days by moonlight, it was also found by Jean-Louis Pons on April 11, while Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach was able to confirm Flaugergues' discovery the same night.The first provisional orbit was computed in June by Johann Karl Burckhardt. Based on these calculations, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers made a prediction that the comet would go on to become extremely bright later that year.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1811 年 3 月 25 日，海因裡希・威廉・馬託斯・奧爾伯關於彗星的理論是什麼？
en: What was Heinrich Wilhelm Mattaus Olber's theory on the comet of March 25, 1811?
answers: zh_tw: text: 彗星將會於 1811 年末變得非常明亮。
en: text: comet would go on to become extremely bright later that year
當哈利碰上莎莉
When Harry Met Sally...

context: zh_tw: 哥倫比亞電影公司首先選擇在少數幾個城市放映本片，等到獲得的正面口碑引起觀眾興趣後，再在隨後的幾個星期裡逐步擴大發行面。《當哈利遇到莎莉》在北美一共進賬 9280 萬美元。艾芙倫獲得了一座英國電影學院獎，並提名第 62 屆奧斯卡金像獎原著劇本獎和美國編劇工會獎。影片還在美國影藝學院評選的 AFI 百年百大喜劇電影中名列第 23 位。2004 年初，根據本片改編的舞臺劇上演，盧克・貝里和艾莉森・漢尼根擔任主演。
en: Columbia Pictures released When Harry Met Sally... in select cities, letting word of mouth generate interest, before gradually expanding distribution. The film grossed $92.8 million in North America. Ephron received a British Academy Film Award, an Oscar nomination, and a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for her screenplay. The film is ranked 23rd on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs list of the top comedy films in American cinema and number 60 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies". In early 2004, the film was adapted for the stage in a production starring Luke Perry and Alyson Hannigan.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這部電影共進賬了多少？
en: How much did the film make in total?
answers: zh_tw: text: 9280 萬
en: text: $92.8 million
IS〈Infinite Stratos〉
Infinite Stratos

context: zh_tw: 動畫版於 2011 年 1 月在 TBS 電視、BS-TBS 開始播放。並於 2011 年 12 月 7 日發售 OVA Blu-ray&DVD 《IS 安可「愛情戰火六重奏」》。
en: An anime adaptation for Infinite Stratos was first announced on June 21, 2010, and its official website opening on August 8, 2010. The adaptation is directed by Yasuhito Kikuchi who also directed Macross Frontier with 8-Bit, who also handled Macross Frontier, animating the adaptation. The character designer and chief animation director of the anime is Takeyasu Kurashima and the mecha designer is Takeshi Takakura. The script was handled by Atsuhiro Tomioka, Chinatsu Hōjō, and Fumihiko Shimo. Shimo will also be handling the series' composition. The anime aired in Japan between January 7 to April 1, 2011 on TBS, with subsequent runs on CBC, SUN-TV, KBS, and BS-TBS. Six DVD and Blu-ray volumes were released by Media Factory between March 30 and September 21, 2011. An original video animation (OVA) episode, entitled IS <Infinite Stratos> Encore: A Sextet Yearns to Be in Love (IS＜インフィニット・ストラトス＞アンコール 『恋に焦がれる六重奏』, IS <Infinitto Sutoratosu> Ankōru: Koi ni Kogareru Rokujūsō), was released in Japan on DVD and Blu-ray on December 7, 2011. A second season of the anime series was announced in April 2013.The anime is licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks, with simulcasts provided by Anime Network on its video website. Section23 Films released the series and the OVA with an English dub (produced by Seraphim Digital) on DVD and Blu-ray on April 10, 2012.The first season of the anime is licensed in the United Kingdom by MVM Films for release on February 17, 2014 on DVD.
qas: question: zh_tw: 後續的動畫版在哪些電視臺播出？
en: What TV stations where the subsequent anime run?
answers: zh_tw: text: TBS 電視、BS-TBS
en: text: CBC, SUN-TV, KBS, and BS-TBS

context: zh_tw: IS 正式名稱是 “Infinite Stratos”。以宇宙活動為目的製作的多功能太空服，使用反作用力力翼、流動波的干涉等理論，所有 IS 皆可漂浮於空中。在 “白騎士事件” 展露出壓倒性的兵器效能後，轉變為軍事用的飛行強化服，成為各國軍事力量的指標。目前有 1～4 世代版本。
en: In the near future, a Japanese scientist creates a high-tech powered exoskeleton called "Infinite Stratos" (IS). Possessing technology and combat capabilities far surpassing that of any other arms system, the IS threatens to destabilize the world. Faced with such an overpowered weapon, the world's nations enact the "Alaska Treaty", stating that IS shall never be used for military combat purposes, and that the existing IS technology must be equally distributed to all nations, to prevent any one nation from dominating the others. However, sometime after the IS was introduced, the society undergone a drastic change. As IS can only be operated by women, there is a shift in the power balance between men and women, where women now dominate society over men.
qas: question: zh_tw: Infinite Stratos 是什麼？
en: What is Infinite stratos?
answers: zh_tw: text: 多功能太空服
en: text: a high-tech powered exoskeleton
東弗里斯蘭號戰列艦

context: zh_tw: 東弗里斯蘭號作為公海艦隊的一份子參加了在 1916 年 5 月 31 日至 6 月 1 日爆發的日德蘭海戰。德國艦隊再次試圖吸引及牽扯大艦隊的一部分，並在英國艦隊主力可能報復之前將其摧毀。在行動期間，東弗里斯蘭號是第一分艦隊第一支隊的主導艦、以及全體隊形中的第 9 艘艦，直接位列艦隊旗艦腓特烈大帝號之後和姊妹艦圖林根號之前。第一分艦隊處於全體隊形的中部，落後於第三戰列分艦隊的 8 艘國王級和皇帝級戰列艦，而殿後部隊則由 6 艘年邁的前無畏艦組成的第二戰列分艦隊第三、第四支隊擔當。東弗里斯蘭號由海軍中將埃爾哈特・施密特（Erhardt Schmidt）掌旗，他是戰鬥期間的分艦隊指揮官以及舍爾的副指揮官。在 16:00 前不久，第一偵察叢集的戰列巡洋艦遇到了戴維・貝蒂的第 1 戰列巡洋分艦隊，雙方就此開始炮擊對決，其中英國的不倦號在 17:00 過後、以及瑪麗皇后號在不足一個半小時後均被摧毀。與此同時，德國的戰列巡洋艦為了將英國艦隻引向公海艦隊的主力而向南航行。至 17:30，國王號作為領頭的德國戰列艦，發現己方第一偵察群和敵方第 1 分艦隊接近。德國戰列巡洋艦旋即轉舵向右、而英國艦隻則轉舵向左航行。在 17:45，舍爾下令向左轉舵 2 點以使其艦隻靠近英國戰列巡洋艦，並於一分鐘後下達了開火的命令。當領頭的戰列艦與英國的戰列巡洋艦交戰時，東弗里斯蘭號和其它 10 艘戰列艦則向英國的第 2 輕巡洋分艦隊開火。其中東弗里斯蘭號、皇帝號和拿騷號瞄準的是南安普敦號輕巡洋艦，儘管只有拿騷號取得命中。約十五分鐘後，東弗里斯蘭號將火力轉移至伯明翰號和諾丁漢號，但依舊沒有射中目標。在 19:15 後不久，英國無畏艦厭戰號進入東弗里斯蘭號的射程，後者遂於 19:25 以主炮開火，距離在 9,900 米至 13,700 米之間。東弗里斯蘭號宣稱其第三及第四發齊射取得命中。在此期間，厭戰號共遭到 13 枚重炮襲擊。至 20:15，德艦隊形第二次面對整個散開的大艦隊。舍爾於 20:17 下令全體轉舵 180 度，並由戰列巡洋分艦隊和魚雷艇攻擊負責掩護。為了加快調動，施密特命令東弗里斯蘭號立即轉向，而無需等待其身後的圖林根號。調頭舉動對領先的第三分艦隊造成了一些困難，儘管這些艦隻很快便重返它們的戰位。至 23:30 左右，德國艦隊完成夜間巡航編隊的重組。東弗里斯蘭號成為第 8 艘艦，位居 24 艘主力艦的前部。一小時後，德艦隊形的領航艦隻與英國的輕型部隊相遇，並就此展開近距離的激烈交火。大約在 01:10，裝甲巡洋艦黑太子號無意中闖入德艦隊形。圖林根號以其聚光燈照亮艦隻，並以 305 毫米主炮連續射擊該艦。東弗里斯蘭號以 150 毫米副炮開火，而皇帝號則同時以主炮和副炮射擊。在不到一分鐘的時間裡，兩次巨大的爆炸使黑太子號解體，並導致 857 名船員全數喪生。儘管夜間戰鬥激烈，公海艦隊還是成功突破了英國的驅逐艦群，並於 6 月 1 日 04:00 抵達喇叭礁。然而在 06:20，東弗里斯蘭號的右舷側卻不慎撞上了一枚由英國驅逐艦亞必迭號此前於 5 月 4 日鋪設的水雷。艦隻被拖運出隊形，因為爆炸最初被認為是由一艘潛艇發射的魚雷。東弗里斯蘭號落在艦隊之後以低速航行，並由 V3 號、V5 號以及 G11 號驅逐艦（短暫的）實施掩護。至 10:40，該艦的速度提升至 15 節（28 公里每小時）。它的反潛護航隊其後加入了一架浮筒水上飛機進行加強，並於 12:20 發現了一艘相信是屬於英國的潛艇。東弗里斯蘭號隨即轉舵離開，這導致因觸雷而遭受輕微破壞的防魚雷艙壁開裂。更多的海水灌入艦體，造成艦體向右傾斜 4.75 度，進而迫使東弗里斯蘭號再次降低速度。該艦於 14:20 請求泵船提供援助，但至 14:45，進水受到控制，同時艦隻已然通過了玉石灣外圍的燈船。它能夠逐漸提速至 10 節（19 公里每小時），最終於 18:15 抵達威廉港。經測量，水雷炸裂的開口有 12.2 米 ×4.9 米大，並任由 500 公噸（490 長噸）水進入艦體。更甚的水淹發生在 12:20、當防魚雷艙壁開裂後，儘管此時完整的損壞報告尚未出臺。東弗里斯蘭號在威廉港的旱塢進行維修，並一直持續至 7 月 26 日。在戰鬥過程中，東弗里斯蘭號共發射了 111 輪 305 毫米重炮、101 枚 150 毫米速射炮和 1 枚 88 毫米炮。其唯一的損傷是在 6 月 1 日清晨觸雷，造成 1 人死亡，10 人受傷。
qas: question: zh_tw: 東弗里斯蘭號發射火炮時有任何人死亡嗎？
en: Was anybody killed when Ostfriesland fired her gun?
answers: zh_tw: text: 造成 1 人死亡

context: zh_tw: 1918 年 10 月下旬，即停戰協定簽署前兩週，東弗里斯蘭號及其三艘姊妹艦參加了最終艦隊行動。行動的設想是公海艦隊的骨幹將由威廉港基地出動尋找大艦隊決戰。舍爾作為艦隊此時的海軍大將，意圖重創英國海軍，以改善德國在和平談判中的議價地位 —— 儘管有預期的傷亡。然而，許多厭戰的水兵卻認為，這次行動將破壞和平程序並會延長戰事。在 1918 年 10 月 29 日，艦隊受命離開威廉港，並在玉石灣錨地集結，計劃於次日清晨起航。從 10 月 29 日夜晚開始，圖林根號的船員首先發動叛變，並迅速蔓延至其它幾艘戰列艦。這種動盪局面迫使希佩爾和舍爾最終取消了這一行動。當得知情況後，德皇威廉二世悲哀的表示：“我已不再擁有海軍”。至 12 月 16 日，東弗里斯蘭號退役，並被用作宿營船。
qas: question: zh_tw: 東弗里斯蘭號什麼時候退役了？
en: When was Ostfriesland decommissioned?
answers: zh_tw: text: 12 月 16 日
瑪麗蓮・夢露

context: zh_tw: 1953 年時，夢露憑藉主演的三部電影成為最具票房號召力的好萊塢明星之一，其中黑色影片《飛瀑怒潮》表現出她的性感；喜劇《紳士愛美人》與《願嫁金龜婿》則將她的明星形象塑造為 “金髮傻妞”。雖然她在職業生涯中對建立和管理公眾形象發揮了重要作用，但她仍對工作室將她模式化與報酬過低感到失望。1954 年初，她拒絕了一個電影專案，事業短暫中止，而回歸後她主演的《七年之癢》（1955）成為其生涯中票房最成功的電影之一。因工作室仍然不願更改合約，夢露於 1954 年末成立了一家電影製作公司 —— 瑪麗蓮・夢露製作（MMP）。1955 年，夢露致力於打造她的公司並在演員工作室學習方法演技。同年末，福斯給了她一份新合約，使她有了更大的控制權和更高的薪水。之後她出演了廣受好評的《巴士站》（1956）和 MMP 首部獨立製作的影片《游龍戲鳳》（1957），並憑《熱情如火》（1959）摘得金球獎最佳女主角桂冠。她最後完成的電影是劇情片《亂點鴛鴦譜》（1961）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 她何時成立的公司？
en: When did she build her company?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1955

context: zh_tw: 《飛瀑怒潮》樹立了夢露的性感符號形象和她的 “相貌”，而她當年主演的第二部電影諷刺性音樂喜劇《紳士愛美人》則將其銀幕形象確立為 “金髮傻妞”。影片根據安妮塔・露絲的同名暢銷小說及其百老匯版本改編， 刻畫了兩個 “傍大款” 的歌舞女郎羅蕾萊・李（Lorelei Lee）和多蘿西・肖（Dorothy Shaw）（分別由夢露和簡・拉塞爾扮演）。羅蕾萊的戲份起初打算給貝蒂・格拉布爾，在 20 世紀 40 年代她是二十世紀福斯旗下最受歡迎的 “金髮美人”（Blonde bombshell）；而夢露很快在吸引男女觀眾方面超越了她。作為影片的宣傳活動的一部分，她與拉塞爾於 6 月在格勞曼中國戲院外潮溼的混凝土上留下了她們的手印和腳印。不久後《紳士愛美人》上映，並以 530 萬美元超過製作成本一倍的票房收入成為當年票房最成功的電影之一。克勞瑟和《綜藝》的威廉・布羅格登（William Brogdon）都對夢露給予好評，尤其對她在歌曲《鑽石是女孩最好的朋友》中的表演讚賞有加；布羅格登稱她表現出了 “為歌曲助興以及提升場景吸引力的能力”。
qas: question: zh_tw: 星光大道起始於哪裡？
en: Where was the walk of fame start at?
answers: zh_tw: text: 格勞曼中國戲院
俄勒岡州
Oregon

context: zh_tw: 該州有 6.5% 的人口在 5 歲以下，24.7% 的人口在 18 歲以下，以及 12.8% 的人口在 65 歲以上。女性約佔全人口比例 50.4%。
en: The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Oregon was 4,190,713 on July 1, 2018, a 9.39% increase over the 2010 United States Census.Oregon was the U.S.'s "Top Moving Destination" in 2014, with two families moving into the state for every one moving out of state (66.4% to 33.6%). Oregon was also the top moving destination in 2013, and second most popular destination in 2010 through 2012.As of the 2010 Census, the population of Oregon was 3,831,074. The gender makeup of the state was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. 22.6% of the population were under the age of 18; 63.5% were between the ages of 18 and 64; and 12.5% were 65 years of age or older.The table below shows the racial composition of Oregon's population as of 2016.
qas: question: zh_tw: 2016 年俄勒岡州的性別構成是什麼？
en: What was the makeup of gender in Oregon for 2016?
answers: zh_tw: text: 女性約佔全人口比例 50.4%
en: text: 49.5% male and 50.5% female
高盧入侵巴爾幹

context: zh_tw: 在這次遠征歸來後，玻爾癸俄斯再度力促第三次聯合遠征，並以希臘中部為這次目標。這次出征以玻爾癸俄斯和阿喀科裡俄斯帶領，龐大的人數近乎不太可能，據記載步兵高達 152,000 人，騎兵有 24,400 人。但騎兵的實際人數可能最多隻有上述的一半，因據保薩尼亞斯形容當時凱爾特人運用三騎手（trimarcisia）的騎兵戰術，即每個騎兵都有兩個騎馬僕役，當騎兵的馬在戰鬥中失去時，他先充作步兵作戰，並等待他後方的僕役把馬給他，若騎兵在戰鬥中受傷或陣亡，他的僕役也可以頂替他的位置戰鬥。
qas: question: zh_tw: 第三次遠征時，誰加入了阿喀科裡俄斯？
en: Who joined Acichorius on the third expedition?
answers: zh_tw: text: 玻爾癸俄斯

context: zh_tw: 由埃陀利亞人、維奧蒂亞人、雅典人、福基斯人以及一些科林斯北部的希臘人組成的希臘同盟來到位於希臘的中部東海岸的溫泉關，並在這的狹長過道建立管轄區。在初期的攻擊中，布倫努斯的部隊損失慘重。 因此他決定派出一支由阿喀科裡俄斯帶領的強大部隊與埃陀利亞人對抗。正如布倫努斯所期望的，埃陀利亞的支隊離開溫泉關去保衛自己的家鄉。埃陀利亞人進行了全民防禦，老人和婦女也參與了戰爭。由於認識到高盧劍只在近距離有威脅，埃託利亞人採用了散兵戰術。根據保薩尼亞斯表明，被派去埃託利亞的軍隊只有半數返回。最終布倫努斯找到了包圍該地的方法，但希臘人透過海路逃離了。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪些人因為劍只在近距離有威脅而去戰鬥？
en: Who resorted to fighting due to the sword being a hazard only close up?
answers: zh_tw: text: 埃陀利亞人

question: zh_tw: 誰損失慘重？
en: who suffered a heavy loss?
answers: zh_tw: text: 布倫努斯的部隊

context: zh_tw: 布倫努斯推進到德爾斐，他曾在這裡戰敗而被迫撤退，這之後他因在戰場持續多處負傷而亡。他的部隊撤退到 Spercheios 河，並被色薩利人和馬里人擊潰.
qas: question: zh_tw: 戰敗之後，布倫努斯部隊撤退到了哪條河流？
en: which river did Brennus's army retreat to after defeat?
answers: zh_tw: text: Spercheios 河
石油縣 (蒙大拿州)
Petroleum County, Montana

context: zh_tw: 縣內種族分佈大約是 99.17％白人，0.20％美國原住民，和 0.20 其他種族的人。在白人人口中，37% 擁有德國血統，13.2％擁有挪威血統，10.9% 擁有英格蘭血統。
en: As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 494 people, 225 households, and 143 families residing in the county. The population density was 0.3 inhabitants per square mile (0.12/km2). There were 324 housing units at an average density of 0.2 per square mile (0.077/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.8% white, 0.0% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 35.1% were German, 15.9% were Norwegian, 15.7% were English, 13.2% were Irish, and 3.5% were American.Of the 225 households, 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.4% were non-families, and 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.83. The median age was 47.3 years.The median income for a household in the county was $36,875 and the median income for a family was $39,107. Males had a median income of $25,991 versus $21,705 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,008. About 18.1% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.3% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼種族占人口 98.8％？
en: What race made up of 98.8% of the population?
answers: zh_tw: text: 白人
en: text: white
STAR WARS：最後的絕地武士
Star Wars: The Last Jedi

context: zh_tw: 2012 年 10 月，《星球大戰》締造者喬治・盧卡斯把手上的製片公司盧卡斯影業連帶星際大戰版權賣給了華特迪士尼公司。迪士尼宣佈啟動《星球大戰》三部曲。2013 年 1 月，J・J・艾布斯被提名為新三部曲首部曲《STAR WARS：原力覺醒》導演。2014 年 6 月，導演萊恩・約翰遜據報正為暫定名《第八部》（Episode VIII）的續集的編劇和導演工作進行談判，併為第三部作品《Episode IX》寫了劇本小樣，蘭姆・伯格曼監製兩部作品。2014 年 8 月，約翰證實執導《第八部》 。
en: In October 2012, Star Wars creator George Lucas sold his production company Lucasfilm, and with it the Star Wars franchise, to The Walt Disney Company. Disney announced a new trilogy of Star Wars films. J. J. Abrams was named director of the first episode in the trilogy, The Force Awakens, in January 2013. In June 2014, director Rian Johnson was reported to be in talks to write and direct its sequel, Episode VIII, and to write a treatment for the third film, Episode IX, with Ram Bergman producing both films. Johnson confirmed in August 2014 that he would direct Episode VIII. In September, filmmaker Terry Gilliam asked Johnson about what it felt like to take over something made famous by another filmmaker. Johnson responded:
qas: question: zh_tw: 華特迪士尼公司獲得了什麼系列的版權？\n\n
en: What series did Disney acquire the rights to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 星際大戰版權
en: text: Star Wars franchise

question: zh_tw: 預計有多少部電影？
en: How many movies are there expected to be?
answers: zh_tw: text: 三部曲
en: text: trilogy

context: zh_tw: 劇情起於《原力覺醒》結束後沒多久。在構思概念時，為獲取靈感，編劇團隊特意參考了《晴空血戰史》、《桂河大橋》、《古廟戰茄聲》、《武林三殺手》、《撒哈拉》和《未寄出的信》。他認為在《原力覺醒》已經結束的前提下創作影片很艱難。
en: The story begins immediately after the last scene of The Force Awakens. Johnson had his story group watch films such as Twelve O'Clock High, The Bridge on the River Kwai, Gunga Din, Three Outlaw Samurai, Sahara, and Letter Never Sent for inspiration while developing ideas. He felt it was difficult to work on the film while The Force Awakens was being finished.In December 2015, Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy said, "we haven't mapped out every single detail [of the sequel trilogy] yet", and that Abrams was collaborating with Johnson and that Johnson would in turn work with (then) Episode IX director Colin Trevorrow to ensure a smooth transition. Abrams is an executive producer along with Jason McGatlin and Tom Karnowski. Lucasfilm announced the film's title, Star Wars: The Last Jedi, on January 23, 2017.During production, Hamill expressed disagreement with the direction his character was taken, finding the character's more disillusioned status to be contradictory to his previous optimism. Hamill later said that he regretted making his initial misgivings public and compared his disagreements to clashes he had with George Lucas during the filming of Return of the Jedi.
qas: question: zh_tw: 約翰遜為何出演各種電影？
en: Why did Johnson show various films?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在構思概念時，為獲取靈感
en: text: inspiration while developing ideas
徐冰
Xu Bing

context: zh_tw: 徐冰祖籍浙江溫嶺，出生於四川重慶，在北京長大。1975 年，文化大革命時下鄉待了兩年。1977 年進入中央美術學院，師從詹建俊和古元等，1981 年畢業留校任教，1987 年取得該校碩士學位，於 1990 年作為榮譽藝術家訪美，居住在紐約市布魯克林區。2008 年回到北京，任中央美術學院副院長，教授，博導。2014 年起擔任其學術委員會主任一職。現工作、生活於北京和紐約。 作品曾在美國紐約現代美術館、大都會博物館、古根海姆美術館、華盛頓賽克勒國家美術館、堪薩斯史賓沙藝術博物館、大英博物館、維多利亞與艾伯特博物館、西班牙索菲亞女王國家美術館、米羅基金會美術館、澳大利亞當代藝術博物館、新南威爾士美術館、加拿大國家美術館、捷克布拉格國家美術館及德國路維希美術館等藝術機構展出；參加威尼斯雙年展、悉尼雙年展、聖保羅雙年展、約翰內斯堡雙年展等國際展。
en: Born in Chongqing in 1955, Xu grew up in Beijing. His father was the head of the history department at Peking University. In 1975, near the end of the Cultural Revolution, he was relocated to the countryside for two years as part of Mao Zedong's "re-education" policy. Returning to Beijing in 1977, he enrolled at the Central Academy of Fine Arts(CAFA) where he joined the printmaking department and also worked during a short period of time as a teacher, receiving his Masters in Fine Art in 1987. After the Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989 his recent work came under scrutiny from the government and received harsh criticism for what was perceived as a critique of the Chinese government. Due to the political pressure and artistic restrictions of the post-Tiananmen period in China, Xu Bing, like many of his contemporaries, moved to the United States in 1990 where he was invited by the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He then resided to the United States until his appointment as vice-president of the Beijing CAFA in 2008.
qas: question: zh_tw: 徐冰出生在哪裡？
en: Where was Xu born at?
answers: zh_tw: text: 重慶
en: text: Chongqing

context: zh_tw: 1999 年：美國麥克阿瑟獎 “天才” 獎：“原創性、創造能力、個人方向和對社會，尤其在版畫和書法領域中作出重要貢獻的能力”；
en: Working in a wide range of media, Xu creates installations that question the idea of communicating meaning through language, demonstrating how both meanings and written words can be easily manipulated. He received a MacArthur Foundation grant in July 1999, presented to him for "originality, creativity, self-direction, and capacity to contribute importantly to society, particularly in printmaking and calligraphy."
qas: question: zh_tw: 徐為什麼會收到麥克阿瑟基金會的資助？
en: Why did Xu receive MacArthur Foundation grant?
answers: zh_tw: text: “原創性、創造能力、個人方向和對社會，尤其在版畫和書法領域中作出重要貢獻的能力”
en: text: for "originality, creativity, self-direction, and capacity to contribute importantly to society,
古鷹號重巡洋艦
Japanese cruiser Furutaka

context: zh_tw: 1941 年末，古鷹與姐妹艦加古、青葉、衣笠編入第六戰隊。在進攻珍珠港時，負責支援進攻關島。其後，第一次對威克島進攻未果後，第六戰隊編入第二次進攻部隊並在威克島陷落後返回加羅林群島特魯克泊地。1942 年 1 月 18 日，第六戰隊參與支援日軍在新不列顛島拉包爾、新愛爾蘭島卡維恩登陸，並在馬紹爾群島海域巡邏。同年 3 月、4 月間第六戰隊增援第十八戰隊從拉包爾泊地出發，掩護日軍在索羅門群島與新幾內亞布卡、肖特蘭群島、基埃塔、馬努斯島、阿德默勒爾蒂群島、圖拉吉島等地的登陸。5 月 6 日古鷹在肖特蘭群島附近受到 4 架美軍 B-17 轟炸機攻擊，未受損。
en: In late 1941, Furutaka was assigned to Cruiser Division 6 Rear Admiral Aritomo Goto in the First Fleet with the cruisers Aoba, Kako and Kinugasa. At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the division was engaged in support for the invasion of Guam.
qas: question: zh_tw: 第六戰隊在 1941 年得到支援的主要目標之一是什麼？
en: What was one of Cruiser Division 6's main causes that was supported during 1941?
answers: zh_tw: text: 對威克島進攻
en: text: the invasion of Guam
極座標系

context: zh_tw: 眾所周知，希臘人最早使用了角度和弧度的概念。天文學家喜帕恰斯（190-120 BC）製成了一張求各角所對弦的弦長函式的表格。並且，曾有人引用了他的極座標系來確定恆星位置。在螺線方面，阿基米德描述了他的著名的螺線，一個半徑隨角度變化的方程。希臘人作出了貢獻，儘管最終並沒有建立整個座標系統。
qas: question: zh_tw: 阿基米德螺線的半徑取決於什麼特徵？
en: The radius in an Archimedian spiral depends on what feature?
answers: zh_tw: text: 角度

context: zh_tw: 關於是誰首次將極座標系應用為一個正式的座標系統，流傳著有多種觀點。關於這一問題的較詳盡歷史，哈佛大學教授朱利安・科利奇（Julian Coolidge）的《極座標系起源》作了闡述。格雷瓜・德・聖 - 萬桑特（Grégoire de Saint-Vincent）和博納文圖拉・卡瓦列裡，被認為在幾乎同時、並獨立地各自引入了極座標系這一概念。聖 - 萬桑特在 1625 年的私人文稿中進行了論述並發表於 1647 年，而卡瓦列裡在 1635 進行了發表，而後又於 1653 年進行了更正。卡瓦列裡首次利用極座標系來解決一個關於阿基米德螺線內的面積問題。布萊士・帕斯卡隨後使用極座標系來計算拋物線的長度。
qas: question: zh_tw: 主題描述參考了哪本書？
en: Which book to be referred for the subject description?
answers: zh_tw: text: 哈佛大學教授朱利安・科利奇（Julian Coolidge）的《極座標系起源》作了闡述。
榮久庵憲司
Kenji Ekuan

context: zh_tw: 榮久庵憲司 1929 年出生於東京府（現時的東京都），翌年移民到夏威夷。1937 年返國，初期住在廣島縣福山市，同年 11 月搬到東京府西巢鴨居住。1945 年 9 月搬到廣島市居住。
en: Born in Tokyo on September 11, 1929, Ekuan spent his youth in Hawaii. At the end of World War II, he moved to Hiroshima, where he witnessed the atomic bombing of the city, in which he lost his sister and his father, a Buddhist priest. He said the devastation motivated him to become a "creator of things".  Later he attended Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music (present-day Tokyo University of the Arts). In 1957, he founded GK Industrial Design Laboratory (ＧＫインダストリアルデザイン研究所). "GK" stood for "Group of Koike", as Koike was the name of an associate professor at the university.In 1970, he became president of the Japan Industrial Designers' Association and five years later he was elected as president of the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design.During his lifetime he served as chair of the Japan Institute of Design, dean of Shizuoka University of Art and Culture was and a trustee of the Art Center College of Design.Ekuan died in the hospital in Tokyo on February 8, 2015, at the age of 85.
qas: question: zh_tw: 榮久庵在哪裡度過他的童年？
en: Where did Ekuan spend his childhood?
answers: zh_tw: text: 夏威夷
en: text: Hawaii
輻射 3

context: zh_tw: 《輻射 3》（英語：Fallout 3）是貝塞斯達軟體公司開發的角色扮演遊戲。此遊戲是異塵餘生系列的第三部主要作品。不同於早先出版的遊戲，《輻射 3》背景被設置於美國東海岸的華盛頓特區及馬利蘭州的周邊地區。此遊戲是輻射系列自 interplay 關閉黑島工作室，並將版權出售給貝塞斯達軟體公司後，首個由該公司開發的該系列遊戲。也是該系列首款 3D 圖形跟即時戰鬥系統的遊戲，取代了之前採用的 2.5D 圖形跟回合制戰鬥。這款作品的成功轉型延續了系列的口碑。
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰發行了《輻射 3》？
en: Who published Fallout 3?
answers: zh_tw: text: 貝塞斯達軟體公司

context: zh_tw: 從 10 月釋出到 2008 年年底，《輻射 3》已售出逾 470 萬套遊戲。根據 NPD Group 於 2009 年 2 月的統計，此遊戲的 Xbox 版已售出逾 114 萬套遊戲，而 PS3 版則售出逾 552,000 套遊戲。於 2008 年 12 月，此遊戲的 Xbox 版是美國第 14 暢銷遊戲，而 PS3 版則是美國第 8 暢銷 PS3 遊戲。《輻射 3》 於 2009 年是其中一個在 Xbox Live 上游玩次數最多的遊戲，而於 2009 年、2011 年和 2012 年則是其中一個在 Games for Windows – Live 上游玩次數最多的遊戲。
qas: question: zh_tw: 這是《輻射》幾？
en: Which number of Fallout was it?
answers: zh_tw: text: 3
國際特赦組織
Amnesty International

context: zh_tw: 國際特赦組織由英國律師彼得・本南森於 1961 年在倫敦創立。根據其自述，他本人其實是一位英國籍猶太裔基督徒律師，在 1960 年 11 月 19 日在乘坐倫敦地鐵的時候，邊讀著報紙。他讀到了一則新聞，說有兩名來自葡萄牙科英布拉的學生，僅僅因為喝了一杯為自由與解放而乾杯的酒，就被葡萄牙當局判處七年監禁，但之後這則訊息卻無從考證了。1960 年，葡萄牙被所謂 “第二共和國”（又名新政權）獨裁統治著，其意識形態是威權主義和反共主義，並且將境內一切 “敵人” 都視為 “反葡分子”。而在《被遺忘的囚犯》一文中，本納森談了他的一些看法："每天當你翻開報紙，你就會發現在這個世界，總有些地方，有些人，僅僅因為個人觀點和宗教信仰在官方看來不可接受，就被監禁，被施以酷刑，乃至被處決。而報紙的讀者都會強烈地感到無能為力。但是，倘若這種無助的感受匯聚成一股行動的力量，那麼情況將有所轉機。"
en: Amnesty International was founded in London in July 1961 by English labour lawyer Peter Benenson along with Professor of Law and friend Philip James. According to Benenson's own account, he was travelling on the London Underground on 19 November 1960 when he read that two Portuguese students from Coimbra had been sentenced to seven years of imprisonment in Portugal for allegedly "having drunk a toast to liberty". Researchers have never traced the alleged newspaper article in question. In 1960, Portugal was ruled by the Estado Novo government of António de Oliveira Salazar. The government was authoritarian in nature and strongly anti-communist, suppressing enemies of the state as anti-Portuguese. In his significant newspaper article "The Forgotten Prisoners", Benenson later described his reaction as follows: Open your newspaper any day of the week and you will find a story from somewhere of someone being imprisoned, tortured or executed because his opinions or religion are unacceptable to his government... The newspaper reader feels a sickening sense of impotence. Yet if these feelings of disgust could be united into common action, something effective could be done.
qas: question: zh_tw: 國際特赦組織於哪一年創立？
en: In what year was Amnesty International founded?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1961 年
en: text: 1961
霍爾特縣 (內布拉斯加州)
Holt County, Nebraska

context: zh_tw: 霍爾特縣（英語：Holt County, Nebraska）是美國內布拉斯加州北部的一個縣。面積 6,262 平方公里。根據美國 2000 年人口普查，共有人口 11,551 人。縣治奧尼爾（O'Neill）。
en: Holt County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 10,435. Its county seat is O'Neill.Holt County is in the Outback area of Nebraska.In the Nebraska license plate system, Holt County is represented by the prefix 36 (it had the 36th-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪一個州包含縣？
en: what state is hold county in?
answers: zh_tw: text: Nebraska）是美國內布拉斯加州北部的一個縣。
en: text: Nebraska
馬加赫坦克
Magach

context: zh_tw: 馬戈其戰車是服役於以色列的一系列戰車。這型戰車是由美製 M48 和 M60 巴頓戰車改良而來。馬戈其 1、2、3 和 5 型由 M48 戰車升級；而 6、7 型則源自於 M60 戰車。
en: Magach (מגח; Ma-GAKH) designation refers to a series of tanks in Israeli service. The tanks are based on the  American M48 and M60 Patton tanks. Magach 1, 2, 3 and 5 are based on M48 tanks; Magach 6 and 7 are based on M60A1 and M60 tanks respectively.
qas: question: zh_tw: 馬戈其戰車
en: what was Magach designation?
answers: zh_tw: text: 服役於以色列的一系列戰車
en: text: series of tanks in Israeli service

context: zh_tw: 當贖罪日戰爭爆發，以色列軍擁有搭載 105 釐米砲的 M48A3 戰車與 M60A1 戰車共 540 輛。在戰爭中，這些戰車損失慘重。位於砲塔前方的易燃液壓油被發現是嚴重的漏洞。戰後，以色列軍僅剩 200 輛的 M48A3 戰車與 M60A1 戰車，大部分在西奈半島被裝備了 AT3"火泥箱" 反戰車飛彈的埃及軍步兵摧毀。1970 間，這些損失由 M48A5 (馬戈其 5 型) 和 M60 (馬戈其 6 型) 戰車填補。
en: When the Yom Kippur War broke out, Israel had 540 M48A3 (with 105 mm gun) and M60/A1 tanks. During the war, the tanks suffered heavy losses. The location of flammable hydraulic fluid at the front of the turret was discovered to be a severe vulnerability. After the war, Israel had only about 200 M48A3 and M60A1 tanks, after a large number of Israeli tanks were destroyed or terminally hit during the war, mostly in the Sinai front against entrenched Egyptian infantry armed with 9M14 Malyutka anti tank missiles. War losses were replaced with new M48A5 (Magach 5), M60 (Magach 7) and M60A1 (Magach 6) during the 1970s.  The older M60's (which still used the smaller M48 turret) were supplied to make up for a shortage of sufficient M60A1s, explaining why the older model has the higher designation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 戰爭的損失在哪個時期被彌補？
en: In what time period were war losses replaced?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1970 間
en: text: the 1970s

context: zh_tw: 1980 至 1990 年之間，以色列前線逐漸由梅卡瓦戰車取代馬戈其戰車。然而，仍有極大部分的裝甲部隊持續使用各型馬戈其戰車直至 1990 年，且仍在持續升級中。
en: Since the 1980s and 1990s, the Magachs have been gradually replaced by Merkava tanks as Israel's front-line main battle tank. However, a large majority of the IDF's armored corps continued to consist of Magach variants until the 1990s, and the tank was continuously upgraded during this time.
qas: question: zh_tw: 從什麼時代開始，馬戈其戰車逐漸被梅卡瓦戰車所取代？
en: Since what era's did the Magchs gradually been replaced for Merkava tanks?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1980 至 1990 年
en: text: 1980s and 1990s

context: zh_tw: 馬戈其 3：現代化版 M48A1/A2C/A3。升級套件包括英制 105 釐米 L7 加農砲、低輪廓車長指揮塔、通訊系統、750 匹馬力的 AVDS-1790-2A 柴油引擎與 CD-850-6 變速箱、加裝 "Blazer" 爆炸反應裝甲。
en: Magach 3: Modernized M48A1/A2C/A3. The modifications included British 105 mm L7 cannon, low profile commander's cupola, upgraded communication suite, a 750 hp diesel engine Continental AVDS-1790-2A with Allison CD-850-6 transmission. They were eventually fitted with Blazer ERA.
qas: question: zh_tw: 修改成什麼樣的加農炮？
en: Modifications included what kind of cannon?
answers: zh_tw: text: 英制 105 釐米 L7
en: text: British 105 mm L7
暴風雪太空穿梭機計劃
Buran programme

context: zh_tw: 其實蘇聯的可重複使用太空船計劃，早於 1950 年代末的太空時代時已經埋下了伏線。縱然這些構思沒有被繼續下去，及統一統籌過，但蘇聯的可重複使用太空船的構思相對較舊。在暴風雪計劃前，史上並沒有任何一個計劃到達生產階段。
en: The Soviet reusable space-craft programme has its roots in the very beginning of the space age, the late 1950s. The idea of Soviet reusable space flight is very old, though it was neither continuous, nor consistently organized. Before Buran, no project of the programme reached production.
qas: question: zh_tw: 蘇聯太空計劃何時開始？
en: When did the Soviet space program start?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1950 年代末
en: text: late 1950s

context: zh_tw: 穿梭機的構思首次見於研發高空噴射客機風暴（Burya）。風暴的研發當時已經進入原形的階段，已知曾作出數次測試飛行，但最終被中央委員會取消這個計劃。風暴的最終目標是可以攜帶一個核彈頭，推測是前往美國後再折返基地。風暴的研發被終止是基於決定了要發展洲際彈道導彈。另一個例子是於 60 年代研發的 Zvezda（俄語星星的意思），亦同樣進入了原形階段。無獨有偶，在幾十年後的國際太空站計劃中，服務艙被命名為「Zvenzda」。在 Zvezda 後，直至暴風雪計劃出現為止依然有零星少許的可重複使用計劃。
en: The idea saw its first iteration in the Burya high-altitude jet aircraft, which reached the prototype stage. Several test flights are known, before it was cancelled by order of the Central Committee. The Burya had the goal of delivering a nuclear payload, presumably to the United States, and then returning to base. The cancellation was based on a final decision to develop ICBMs. The next iteration of the idea was Zvezda from the early 1960s, which also reached a prototype stage. Decades later, another project with the same name was used as a service module for the International Space Station. After Zvezda, there was a hiatus in reusable projects until Buran.
qas: question: zh_tw: 飛行器的研究進展到哪一階段了？
en: What is the farthest stage the aircraft got?
answers: zh_tw: text: 原形
en: text: the prototype stage
瑪德琳公主 (瑞典)
Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland

context: zh_tw: 1985 至 1989 年，瑪德琳公主於斯德哥爾摩 Västerled 堂區幼稚園開始接受學前教育。1989 年秋，她入讀布魯瑪區的 Smedslättsskolan 就讀小學。初中時，她就讀於在 Carlssons skola，後來轉到 Enskilda Gymnasiet 學習，並在那裡完成中學課程。她在 2001 年於 Enskilda 高中畢業。
en: From 1985–1989, Madeleine began her education at Västerled Parish Pre-School. In the autumn of 1989, she entered Smedslättsskolan in Bromma, attending at the junior level. For the intermediate level, she proceeded to Carlssons School in Stockholm, and then went on to Enskilda Gymnasiet in Stockholm, which she attended at the senior level. She also completed upper secondary school at Enskilda, from which she graduated in 2001. During the autumn of 2001, she lived in London, where she studied English. In the spring of 2002, she took a basic module in Introduction to Swedish Law and studied for the European Computer Driving Licence. In January 2003, she enrolled at the Stockholm University where she began studies in art history. She took 60 Swedish academic units in this subject (two semesters). In the autumn of 2004, she began a course in ethnology at the same university. She speaks English, German and Swedish fluently, and also intermediate-level French. She graduated 23 January 2006 with a Bachelor of Arts in art history, ethnology and modern history. During 2007, she studied child psychology at University of Stockholm.
qas: question: zh_tw: 瑪德琳公主在哪所學校就讀小學？
en: At which school did Madeleine go to at a junior level?
answers: zh_tw: text: 布魯瑪區的 Smedslättsskolan
en: text: Smedslättsskolan in Bromma

question: zh_tw: 瑪德琳上的幼兒園叫什麼名字？
en: what is the name of the Pre-school  Madeleine Attended?
answers: zh_tw: text: Västerled 堂區幼稚園
en: text: Västerled Parish Pre-School

question: zh_tw: 她在倫敦生活期間學了什麼？
answers: en: text: English

context: zh_tw: 2001 年秋，她赴倫敦學習英語。2002 年春，她就讀法律學基本課程和考取歐洲電腦執照。2003 年 1 月，她入讀斯德哥爾摩大學學習藝術史。她於 3 個學期修讀了 60 個瑞典學分。2004 年秋，她在同一間大學學習民族學。她操流利的瑞典語、英語、德語，和中等的法語。她於 2006 年 1 月取得藝術史文學士學位，2007 年於斯德哥爾摩大學修讀兒童心理學。
qas: question: zh_tw: 她在倫敦生活期間學了什麼？
en: What did she study while living in London?
answers: zh_tw: text: 英語
JAXP
Java API for XML Processing

context: zh_tw: DOM 解析器被稱作 DocumentBuilder，因為它構建一個記憶體中的 Document 表示。javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder 是由 javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory 建立的。DocumentBuilder 建立 org.w3c.dom.Document 的例項，Document 是一個包含 XML 文件中的所有節點的樹。結構中的每一個樹節點實現 org.w3c.dom.Node 介面。樹節點有許多不同型別的，表示 XML 文件中不同的資料型別。最重要的節點型別有：
en: The DOM parser is called a DocumentBuilder, as it builds an in-memory Document representation. The javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder is created by the javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory. The DocumentBuilder creates an org.w3c.dom.Document instance - a tree structure containing nodes in the XML Document. Each tree node in the structure implements the org.w3c.dom.Node interface. Among the many different types of tree nodes, each representing the type of data found in an XML document, the most important include:
qas: question: zh_tw: 有多少節點？
en: how many nodes are there?
answers: zh_tw: text: 許多不同型別
en: text: many different types

context: zh_tw: SAX 解析器被稱作 SAXParser，SAXParser 是由 javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory 建立的。與 DOM 解析器不同，SAX 解析器並不建立 XML 文件的記憶體表示，因此要更快使用更少的記憶體。而是，SAX 解析器透過呼叫回撥方法將 XML 文件結構告知客戶端，也就是說，透過呼叫提供給解析器的 org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler 例項上的方法。
en: The javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory creates the SAX parser, called the SAXParser. Unlike the DOM parser, the SAX parser does not create an in-memory representation of the XML document and so runs faster and uses less memory. Instead, the SAX parser informs clients of the XML document structure by invoking callbacks, that is, by invoking methods on an org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler instance provided to the parser. This way of accessing document is called Streaming XML.
qas: question: zh_tw: SAX 解析器也稱為什麼？
en: What is the SAX parser also known as?
answers: zh_tw: text: SAXParser
en: text: SAXParser

question: zh_tw: 什麼比 DOM 解析器執行得更快？
en: What runs faster than the DOM parser?
answers: zh_tw: text: SAX 解析器
en: text: SAX parser
蒙古入侵高麗
Mongol invasions of Korea

context: zh_tw: 1235 年，蒙古入侵慶尚道和全羅道。高麗民間的抵抗非常強。高麗王室也在江華島修築工事。雖然高麗幾度戰勝入侵者，但還是無法抵擋蒙古大軍（蒙軍燒燬糧食企圖逼降）。1238 年，高麗高宗向蒙古請和。在高麗同意將高麗王室作蒙古人質後，蒙古撤軍。不過高麗只送了一個與王室無關的人給蒙古人。蒙古大怒，要求高麗王室搬出江華島到蒙古作人質並清除海上所有高麗艦船，交出反蒙古的官員。不過高麗只送去一個王子和 10 名貴族的孩子，拒絕了其它的要求。
en: In 1238, Goryeo relented and sued for peace. The Mongols withdrew, in exchange for Goryeo's agreement to send the Royal Family as hostages. However, Goryeo sent an unrelated member of the Royal line. Incensed, the Mongols demanded to clear the seas of Korean ships, relocate the court to the mainland, the hand-over of anti-Mongol bureaucrats, and, again, the Royal family as hostages.  In response, Korea sent a distant princess and ten children of nobles.
qas: question: zh_tw: 蒙古人的要求是什麼？
en: What were the Mongols's demands?
answers: zh_tw: text: 高麗王室搬出江華島到蒙古作人質並清除海上所有高麗艦船，交出反蒙古的官員
en: text: to clear the seas of Korean ships, relocate the court to the mainland, the hand-over of anti-Mongol bureaucrats, and, again, the Royal family as hostages

context: zh_tw: 1251 年，蒙古大汗蒙哥繼位，蒙古再次要求高麗王室做人質。高麗回絕後，蒙古於 1253 年大規模入侵高麗。高宗最後同意搬出江華島並將世子安慶公交給蒙古。蒙古軍隨後撤退。
en: Upon the 1251 ascension of Möngke Khan, the Mongols again repeated their demands. Möngke Khan sent envoys to Goryeo, announcing his coronation in October 1251. He also demanded the King Gojong be summoned before him in person and his headquarters be moved from Ganghwa Island to the Korean mainland. But the Goryeo court refused to send the king because the old king was unable to travel so far. Möngke again dispatched his envoys with specific tasks. The envoys were well received by the Goryeo officials but they also criticized them, saying their king did not follow his overlord Möngke's orders. Möngke ordered the prince Yeku to command the army against Korea. However, a Korean in the court of Möngke convinced them to begin their campaign in July 1253. Yeku, along with Amuqan, demanded the Goryeo court to surrender. The court refused but did not resist the Mongols and gathered the peasantry into the mountain fortresses and islands. Working together with the Goryeo commanders who had joined the Mongols, Jalairtai Qorchi ravaged Korea. When one of Yeku's envoys arrived, Gojong personally met him at his new palace in Sin Chuan-bug. Gojong finally agreed to move the capital back to the mainland, and sent his stepson Angyeong as a hostage. The Mongols agreed to a cease fire in January 1254.
qas: question: zh_tw: 一旦哪個蒙古首領上位，他們選擇提出類似的要求？
en: Once which leader came to power within the Mongols did they choose to make similar demands?
answers: zh_tw: text: 蒙古大汗蒙哥
en: text: Möngke Khan
大亨小傳 (2013 年電影)
The Great Gatsby (2013 film)

context: zh_tw: 《了不起的蓋茨比》（英語：The Great Gatsby，港臺譯《大亨小傳》）是一部 2013 年的美國曆史浪漫劇情電影。根據史考特・費茲傑羅於 1925 年的同名小說而改編。電影並由巴茲・魯爾曼執導，並由李奧納多・狄卡皮歐飾演傑・蓋茲比，其他演員包括陶比・麥奎爾、嘉莉・慕萊根、喬爾・埃哲頓及伊莉莎白・戴比基。電影於 2011 年於澳洲取景，製作預算為 1 億 9 千萬美元。這部電影講述百萬富翁傑・蓋茲比及其鄰居尼克・卡拉維的時代與生平事蹟，談及他在咆哮的二十年代於紐約州與蓋茨比的相遇。
en: The Great Gatsby is a 2013 romantic drama film based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel of the same name. The film was co-written and directed by Baz Luhrmann and stars Leonardo DiCaprio as the eponymous Jay Gatsby, with Tobey Maguire, Carey Mulligan, Joel Edgerton, Isla Fisher and Elizabeth Debicki. Jay-Z served as executive producer. Production began in 2011 and took place in Australia, with a $105 million net production budget. The film follows the life and times of millionaire Jay Gatsby (DiCaprio) and his neighbor Nick Carraway (Maguire), who recounts his encounter with Gatsby at the height of the Roaring Twenties on Long Island.
qas: question: zh_tw: 2013 版的《了不起的蓋茨比》中，誰是主演？
en: In the 2013 version of the great Gatsby who played the main character?
answers: zh_tw: text: 李奧納多・狄卡皮歐
en: text: Leonardo DiCaprio
梅爾文・施瓦茨
Melvin Schwartz

context: zh_tw: 70 年代，在 “矽谷” 引起新的產業革命後，施瓦茨決定投入新的事業，當了數字通訊公司的總裁，這家公司主要從事數字通訊。1991 年 2 月，施瓦茨又回到高能物理，當了布魯克海文國家實驗室的高能和核物理部的副主任。
en: In the 1970s he founded and became president of Digital Pathways. In 1972 he published a textbook on classical electrodynamics that has become a standard reference for intermediate and advanced students for its particularly clear exposition of the basic physical principles of the theory. In 1991, he became Associate Director of High Energy and Nuclear Physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory. At the same time, he rejoined the Columbia faculty as Professor of Physics. He became I. I. Rabi Professor of Physics in 1994 and retired as Rabi Professor Emeritus in 2000.  He spent his retirement years in Ketchum, Idaho, and died August 28, 2006 at a Twin Falls, Idaho, nursing home after struggling with Parkinson's disease and hepatitis C.
qas: question: zh_tw: 布魯克海文國家實驗室的物理部門的全名是什麼？
en: What is the full name of the nuclear physics department at Brookhaven National Laboratory?
answers: zh_tw: text: 高能和核物理部
en: text: High Energy and Nuclear Physics
飛馬座 IK

context: zh_tw: 飛馬座 IK（亦作 HR 8210）是位於飛馬座的聯星系統，距離太陽系約 150 光年。由於視星等僅為 6.078 等，只有理想狀況下才能用肉眼勉強看到。
qas: question: zh_tw: 飛馬座 IK 是什麼？
en: What is IK Pegasi?
answers: zh_tw: text: 聯星系統

context: zh_tw: 位於不穩定帶的主序星稱為矮造父變星。矮造父變星的類別一般在 A2 到 F8 之間，光度級在 III（ 次巨星）到 V（主序星）之間。它們是短週期變星，其規律性脈動週期從 0.025 到 0.25 天不等。矮造父變星的組成元素與太陽相似（見第一星族），質量介乎 1.5 至 2.5 太陽質量。飛馬座 IK A 的脈動率為每天 22.9 次，等於每週期 0.044 天。天文學家把金屬量定義為恆星內部比氦重的化學元素比例。要測量金屬量，科學家先分析恆星大氣層的光譜，然後與計算出的恆星模型進行比對。飛馬座 IK A 的金屬量為 [M/H] = +0.07 ± 0.20。這種表示法取金屬元素量與氫元素量之比的對數，再減去太陽的元素比對數。（恆星如果和太陽有相同的金屬組成比例，則該數值為零。）該對數數值若為 0.07，恆星的實際金屬量比例就會是 1.17，也就是它比太陽多出 17% 的金屬元素。不過這一數值的誤差是相對較高的。
qas: question: zh_tw: 被稱作為矮造父變星的星球存在於星際中的哪部分？
en: Stars referred to as Delta Scuti variables exist in what portion of space?
answers: zh_tw: text: 不穩定帶

question: zh_tw: 光譜分析結果與其他什麼結果相比較？
en: Results from spectroscopic analysis is compared what other results?
answers: zh_tw: text: 計算出的恆星模型

context: zh_tw: 飛馬座 IK A 等 A 型恆星的光譜中有著很強的巴耳末系譜線，以及金屬離子的吸收譜線，包括鈣離子（Ca II）的 K 譜線，波長為 393.3 nm。飛馬座 IK A 的光譜被歸類為邊緣 Am 型（或「Am: 型」），意為其特性符合 A 型光譜，但在邊緣上存在金屬量。也就是說，恆星大氣層有著稍稍偏強的金屬同位素吸收譜線。這一類 Am 型恆星通常擁有一個質量相當的伴星，飛馬座 IK A 便有這麼一顆伴星。擁有 A 型光譜的恆星溫度、質量都比太陽要高。這使得它們作為主序星的壽命相對較短。一顆質量與飛馬座 IK A 相似的恆星（1.65 太陽質量）作為主序星的壽命為 2 至 3 × 109 年，相當於太陽目前年齡的一半。相對年輕的河鼓二是與太陽質量相似，並最接近飛馬座 IK A 的恆星，它的質量估計為太陽的 1.7 倍。整個聯星系統與附近的天狼星系統相近，其中天狼星系統的主星為 A 型，伴星為白矮星。不過，天狼星 A 比飛馬座 IK A 質量要大很多，系統的軌道也大很多，半長軸為 20 天文單位。
qas: question: zh_tw: 飛馬座 IK 被歸為哪類發光體？
en: What type of luminary is the IK Pegasi an example of?
answers: zh_tw: text: A 等 A 型恆星的光譜中有著很強的巴耳末系譜線，以及金屬離子的吸收譜線，包括鈣離子（Ca

context: zh_tw: 幾乎所有中低質量恆星（質量小於太陽的 9 倍）在用盡其熱核燃料後，最終都會成為白矮星。這些恆星在製造能量的這段時間主要都是主序星，其在主序停留的時間取決於質量的大小：質量越高則壽命越短。因此，已經成為白矮星的飛馬座 IK B，它一定曾比 A 星質量要高，人們猜想它的前身有著太陽 5 倍到 8 倍的質量。當飛馬座 IK B 的氫燃料用盡的時候，它變成紅巨星。這時恆星的核心縮小到一定的程度，導致氦核外層的氫也開始進行核聚變。這個溫度的提升使外層物質膨脹到原先作為主序星時的幾倍大小。當星核達到一定的溫度時，內部的氦開始進行核聚變，恆星再次縮小，成為水平分支恆星。這一類恆星在赫羅圖上呈一水平線。氦進行核聚變後，形成了由碳和氧組成的惰性星核。星核中的氦用盡後，外層的氦開始連同氫一起進行核聚變，天文學家稱之為漸近巨星分支（AGB）。（這條分支在赫羅圖上朝向右上角。）如果恆星的質量夠高，可以在星核開始碳核聚變，產生氧、氖和鎂。紅巨星或 AGB 恆星的外層可以膨脹到太陽半徑的幾百倍，例如脈動中的 AGB 恆星蒭藁增二便有 5 × 108 km（3 A.U.）的半徑。這遠遠超過了目前飛馬座 IK 聯星間的距離，因此在那段時期，兩顆星位處同一個物質包層之內。這可能導致飛馬座 IK A 的大氣層得到了額外的同位素。
qas: question: zh_tw: 它如何彌補溫度的提升？
en: How did it compensate for the increase in temperature?
answers: zh_tw: text: 外層物質膨脹到原先作為主序星時的幾倍大小

context: zh_tw: 飛馬座 IK B 的質量為太陽的 1.15 倍，是一顆高質量白矮星。儘管人們還沒有直接測量其半徑，但是數值能夠根據白矮星質量與半徑之間已有的理論關係來推算出來，約為太陽半徑的 0.60%。（另一文獻中的計算值為 0.72%，因此目前仍有誤差的存在。）如此一來，這顆恆星把超過太陽的質量壓縮到與地球相當的空間以內，所以其密度極高。白矮星質量高、體積小的特性使得它的表面重力非常強。這個數值表達為重力（以釐米 - 克 - 秒制單位表達）的十進位制對數，亦即 log g。飛馬座 IK B 的 log g 值為 8.95。對比之下，地球的 log g 值為 2.99，也就是說飛馬座 IK B 的表面重力是地球的 90 萬倍以上。飛馬座 IK B 的表面溫度估計約為 35,500 ± 1,500 K，因此它是個強紫外線輻射源。在正常情況下，這顆白矮星會在未來的至少 10 億年內繼續降溫，而其半徑則基本會保持不變。
qas: question: zh_tw: 如何能測量一顆白矮星的半徑？
en: How can the radius of a white dwarf be measured?
answers: zh_tw: text: 根據白矮星質量與半徑之間已有的理論關係來推算出來

question: zh_tw: 另一文獻有何價值？
en: what value is the different source given?
answers: zh_tw: text: 0.72%
費爾德基希縣
Feldkirch District

context: zh_tw: 費爾德基希縣（Bezirk Feldkirch），是奧地利福拉爾貝格州的一個縣，位於該州的西部，西北鄰瑞士，西南鄰列支敦斯登。面積 278.26 平方公里。2001 年人口 93,600 人。縣治費爾德基希。
en: The Bezirk Feldkirch is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Vorarlberg, Austria.
qas: question: zh_tw: 費爾德基希縣位於哪裡？
en: Where is the Bezirk Feldkirch located?
answers: zh_tw: text: 奧地利福拉爾貝格州
en: text: Vorarlberg, Austria
伊羅生
Harold Isaacs

context: zh_tw: 伊羅生（Harold Robert Isaacs，1910 年－1986 年）美國紐約曼哈頓西區人。美國作家、記者、政治學家。
en: Harold Robert Isaacs (1910–1986) was an American journalist and political scientist. Isaacs went to China in 1930 and became involved with left wing politics in Shanghai and  wrote The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution, about the Chinese Revolution of 1925-27, first published with a preface by Leon Trotsky. He covered World War II in Southeast Asia and China for Newsweek Magazine. In 1953 he joined the department of political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In the following years he published Scratches on our Minds: American Images of China and India, American Jews in Israel, and The New World of Negro Americans, among others.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哈羅德・羅伯特何時出生？
en: when was Harold Robert born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1910 年
en: text: 1910
第 9 號交響曲 (貝多芬)
Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)

context: zh_tw: 《D 小調第九交響曲 “合唱”》，作品 125 是貝多芬於 1818 至 1824 年間創作的四樂章交響曲，也是他完成的最後一部交響曲。該作品是古典音樂中最為人所熟知的作品之一，亦屬於貝多芬最傑出的作品。
en: The Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125, also known as Beethoven's 9th, is the final complete symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven, composed between 1822 and 1824. It was first performed in Vienna on 7 May 1824. One of the best-known works in common practice music, it is regarded by many critics and musicologists as one of Beethoven's greatest works and one of the supreme achievements in the history of western music. In the 2010s, it stands as one of the most performed symphonies in the world.The symphony was the first example of a major composer using voices in a symphony (thus making it a choral symphony). The words are sung during the final (4th) movement of the symphony by four vocal soloists and a chorus. They were taken from the "Ode to Joy", a poem written by Friedrich Schiller in 1785 and revised in 1803, with text additions made by Beethoven.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼是貝多芬最後的交響曲？
en: What is Beethoven's final symphony known as?
answers: zh_tw: text: D 小調第九交響曲
en: text: Beethoven's 9th
威廉・布格多夫
Wilhelm Burgdorf

context: zh_tw: 1945 年 4 月 29 日，布格多夫、克雷布斯、帝國宣傳部長約瑟夫・戈培爾與元首個人秘書馬丁・鮑曼一同見證並簽署了希特勒的遺言與遺囑。1945 年 4 月 30 日，希特勒自殺，戈培爾接替其職務成為德國總理。5 月 1 日，戈培爾派遣克雷布斯上將向柏林戰區的蘇聯指揮官瓦西里・崔可夫上將遞交了一封信件，表達希望暫時停火的意願，但遭崔可夫斷然拒絕。戈培爾因此認為再多的交涉與努力都是徒然，並發表了長篇大論譴責元首地堡內的將領，同時一再提醒他們希特勒嚴禁他們投降。國民教育與宣傳部國內新聞司司長漢斯・弗裡切隨後離開房間，前往自己的辦公室，並提筆寫下給蘇聯元帥格奧爾基・康斯坦丁諾維奇・朱可夫的投降信；布格多夫隨弗裡切一同來到辦公室，並質問後者是否打算投降。弗裡切回答他正是打算這麼做，布格多夫因此大怒，向其狂吼道希特勒嚴格禁止投降，而且弗裡切僅是一介平民，沒有權力這麼做。布格多夫隨後掏出手槍意圖射擊弗裡切，但一位無線電操作員即時出手攔阻，子彈因而擊中了天花板。在場的眾人將布格多夫勸離了辦公室。
en: Burgdorf joined Hitler in the Führerbunker when the Soviets assaulted Berlin. On 28 April, Hitler discovered that Heinrich Himmler tried to negotiate a surrender to the western Allies via Count Folke Bernadotte. Burgdorf took part in Hitler's court-martial of Hermann Fegelein, Himmler's SS liaison officer and Eva Braun's brother-in-law. SS-General Wilhelm Mohnke presided over the tribunal, which included SS-General Johann Rattenhuber and General Hans Krebs. Fegelein was so drunk that he was crying, vomiting and unable to stand up; he even urinated on the floor. It was the opinion of the judges that he was in no condition to stand trial. Therefore, Mohnke closed the proceedings and turned Fegelein over to Rattenhuber and his security squad.On 29 April 1945, Burgdorf, Krebs, Joseph Goebbels, and Martin Bormann witnessed and signed Hitler's last will and testament. After Hitler's suicide on 30 April 1945, Goebbels assumed Hitler's role as chancellor. On 1 May, Goebbels dictated a letter to Soviet Army General Vasily Chuikov, requesting a temporary ceasefire, and ordered General Krebs to deliver it. Chuikov commanded the Soviet forces in central Berlin. After this was rejected, Goebbels decided that further efforts were futile. Goebbels then launched into a tirade berating the generals, reminding them Hitler forbade them to surrender. Ministerialdirektor Hans Fritzsche left the room to take matters into his own hands. He went to his nearby office on Wilhelmplatz and wrote a surrender letter addressed to Soviet Marshall Georgy Zhukov. General Burgdorf followed Fritzsche to his office. There he asked Fritzsche if he intended to surrender Berlin. Fritzsche replied that he was going to do just that. Burgdorf shouted that Hitler had forbidden surrender and as a civilian he had no authority to do so. Burgdorf then pulled his pistol to shoot Fritzsche, but a radio technician "knocked the gun" and the bullet fired hit the ceiling. Several men then hustled Burgdorf out of the office and he returned to the bunker.After midnight, in the early hours of 2 May 1945, following the earlier suicides of Hitler and Goebbels, Burgdorf and his colleague Chief of Staff Hans Krebs committed suicide together by gunshot to the head. The Soviets found the bodies of Krebs and Burgdorf in the bunker complex.
qas: question: zh_tw: 希特勒的遺囑是哪天簽署的？
en: On what day was Hitler's will signed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 4 月 29 日
en: text: 29 April