奔騰 4
Pentium 4

context: zh_tw: 2001 年 10 月 Palomino 核心的 Athlon XP 又一次為 AMD 贏得明顯的領先，但是在 2002 年 1 月英特爾釋出使用 Northwood 核心的 2.0 和 2.2GHz 的 Pentium 4。Northwood 將二級快取的大小從 256KB 增加到 512KB（電晶體數量從 4200 萬增加到 5500 萬）並且使用 130 納米制造工藝。使用更小晶體管制造的晶片能夠在同樣的速度產生更少的熱量，或者工作在更高的時鐘頻率。不幸的是，對於許多使用者來說，這個新的晶片不能用來升級舊的系統，因為它需要一個新的插座（Socket 478），雖然後來又製造能夠讓 Socket 423 使用 Northwood 處理器的轉換器。
en: In January 2002, Intel released Pentium 4s with a new core code named "Northwood" at speeds of 1.6 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 2 GHz and 2.2 GHz. Northwood (product code 80532) combined an increase in the L2 cache size from 256 KB to 512 KB (increasing the transistor count from 42 million to 55 million) with a transition to a new 130 nm fabrication process. Making the processor out of smaller transistors means that it can run at higher clock speeds and produce less heat. In the same month boards utilizing the 845 chipset were released with enabled support for DDR SDRAM which provided double the bandwidth of PC133 SDRAM, and alleviated the associated high costs of using Rambus RDRAM for maximal performance with Pentium 4.A 2.4 GHz Pentium 4 was released on April 2, 2002, and the bus speed increased from 400 MT/s to 533 MT/s (133 MHz physical clock) for the 2.26 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 2.53 GHz models in May, 2.66 GHz and 2.8 GHz models in August, and 3.06 GHz model in November. With Northwood, the Pentium 4 came of age. The battle for performance leadership remained competitive (as AMD introduced faster versions of the Athlon XP) but most observers agreed that the fastest-clocked Northwood-based Pentium 4 was usually ahead of its rival. This was particularly so in mid-2002, when AMD's changeover to its 130 nm production process did not help the initial "Thoroughbred A" revision Athlon XP CPUs to clock high enough to overcome the advantages of Northwood in the 2.4 to 2.8 GHz range.The 3.06 GHz Pentium 4 enabled Hyper-Threading Technology that was first supported in Foster-based Xeons. This began the convention of virtual processors (or virtual cores) under x86 by enabling multiple threads to be run at the same time on the same physical processor. By shuffling two (ideally differing) program instructions to simultaneously execute through a single physical processor core, the goal is to best utilize processor resources that would have otherwise been unused from the traditional approach of having these single instructions wait for each other to execute singularly through the core. This initial 3.06 GHz 533FSB Pentium 4 Hyper-Threading enabled processor was known as Pentium 4 HT and was introduced to mass market by Gateway in November 2002.
qas: question: zh_tw: 英特爾在 2002 年釋出的核心叫什麼名字？
en: What was the name of the core released by Intel in 2002?
answers: zh_tw: text: Northwood
en: text: Northwood

question: zh_tw: 處理器現在能做什麼？
en: What can the processor do now?
answers: zh_tw: text: 產生更少的熱量，或者工作在更高
en: text: run at higher clock speeds and produce less heat

context: zh_tw: 2003 年 9 月，在英特爾開發者論壇上，Pentium 4 極致版（Pentium 4 Extreme Edition,P4EE）釋出，這僅僅比 AMD 的 Athlon 64 和 Athlon 64 FX（AMD64 FX）的釋出早一個星期。這個設計絕大部分與 Pentium 4 相同（以至於它們能工作在同一個主機板）, 但是它增加一個 2MB 的 3 級快取。它與 Xeon MP 使用同一個 Gallatin 核心，儘管它使用 Socket 478 形式（不同於 Xeon MP 的 603 插座）和是 Xeon MP 速度兩倍的 800MHz 匯流排。它同時也提供 LGA775 版本。
en: In September 2003, at the Intel Developer Forum, the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (P4EE) was announced, just over a week before the launch of Athlon 64 and Athlon 64 FX. The design was mostly identical to Pentium 4 (to the extent that it would run in the same motherboards), but differed by an added 2 MB of level 3 cache. It shared the same Gallatin core as the Xeon MP, though in a Socket 478 form factor (as opposed to Socket 603 for the Xeon MP) and with an 800 MT/s bus, twice as fast as that of the Xeon MP.
qas: question: zh_tw: 2003 年 9 月宣佈了什麼？
en: What was announced in September of 2003?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2003 年 9 月，在英特爾開發者論壇上，Pentium 4 極致版（Pentium
en: text: Pentium 4 Extreme Edition

context: zh_tw: 2004 年 2 月 1 日英特爾提出了一個代號為 “Prescott” 的新核心。這個核心首次使用 90 奈米的製造工藝，並且「它」是奔騰 4 微架構的一次重要更新 —— 重要到足夠讓一些分析人士感到奇怪為什麼英特爾沒有選擇將這個處理器稱為 Pentium 5。儘管 Prescott 工作在與 Northwood 相同的時鐘速度，效能測試也顯示在遊戲應用程式中 Northwood 比 Prescott 還要稍微快一點兒，但是在影片編輯以及其它的多媒體應用中，Prescott 額外的快取讓它比 Northwood 有明顯的速度優勢。Prescott 的架構允許它很容易地使用更高的時鐘速度。（參見超頻。）3.8GHz 是批次生產的基於 Prescott 處理器的最快的處理器。
en: On February 1, 2004, Intel introduced a new core codenamed "Prescott". The core used the 90 nm process for the first time, which one analyst described as "a major reworking of the Pentium 4's microarchitecture." Despite this overhaul, the performance gains were inconsistent. Some programs benefited from Prescott's doubled cache and SSE3 instructions, whereas others were harmed by its longer pipeline. The Prescott's microarchitecture allowed slightly higher clock speeds, but not nearly as high as Intel had anticipated. The fastest mass-produced Prescott-based Pentium 4s were clocked at 3.8 GHz. While Northwood ultimately achieved clock speeds 70% higher than Willamette, Prescott scaled 12% beyond Northwood. Prescott's inability to achieve greater clock speeds was attributed to the very high power consumption and heat output of the processor. This led to the processor receiving the nickname "PresHot" on forums. In fact, Prescott's power and heat characteristics were only slightly higher than those of Northwood of the same speed and nearly equal to the Gallatin-based Extreme Editions, but since those processors had already been operating near the limits of what was considered thermally acceptable, this still posed a major issue.The "Prescott" Pentium 4 contains 125 million transistors and has a die area of 112 mm2. It was fabricated in a 90 nm process with seven levels of copper interconnect. The process has features such as strained silicon transistors and Low-K carbon-doped silicon oxide (CDO) dielectric, which is also known as organosilicate glass (OSG). The Prescott was first fabricated at the D1C development fab and was later moved to F11X production fab.Originally, Intel released two Prescott lines: the E-series, with an 800 MT/s FSB and Hyper-Threading support, and the low-end A-series, with a 533 MT/s FSB and Hyper-Threading disabled. Intel eventually added XD Bit (eXecute Disable) and Intel 64 functionality to Prescott.
qas: question: zh_tw: 英特爾何時提出新核心代號 “Prescott”？
en: when did Intel introduce a new core codename 'Prescott'?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2004 年 2 月 1 日
en: text: February 1, 2004

question: zh_tw: 這個核心使用了多少奈米？
en: How many nm did the core use?
answers: zh_tw: text: 90
en: text: 90