小丑 (角色)
Joker (character)

context: zh_tw: 1973 年，在經歷了四年的沉寂之後，作家丹尼斯・奧尼爾和藝術家尼爾・亞當斯重新修訂了小丑這個角色。從《蝙蝠俠》第 251 期的 “小丑的五路復仇” 開始，這個角色迴歸了他的起源，又成為了一個瘋狂的殺人狂魔，並享受與蝙蝠俠的鬥智鬥勇。這個故事開始了一個趨勢，小丑被有節制地用作核心人物而不是一般的常見反派。也是史上第一次，漫畫中設定了蝙蝠俠與小丑的關係 —— 兩人互相依存，構成迴圈。奧尼爾說他的想法是 “單純的把小丑帶回到它開始的地方，我去了 DC 圖書館，閱讀了一些早期的故事，試圖瞭解凱恩和芬格最初創作時的想法。” 奧尼爾 1973 年的故事中引入了小丑在司法上認定為神經病的設定，以解釋為什麼小丑會被送到阿卡姆瘋人院（由奧尼爾於 1974 年作為阿卡姆醫院引入蝙蝠俠漫畫）而不是監獄。亞當斯修改了小丑的外觀，使他有他更勻稱的身材，拉長了他的下巴，使他看起來更高，更瘦。
en: In 1973, after a four-year disappearance, the Joker was revived (and revised) by writer Dennis O'Neil and artist Neal Adams. Beginning with Batman #251's "The Joker's Five-Way Revenge", the character returns to his roots as an impulsive, homicidal maniac who matches wits with Batman. This story began a trend in which the Joker was used, sparingly, as a central character. O'Neil said his idea was "simply to take it back to where it started. I went to the DC library and read some of the early stories. I tried to get a sense of what Kane and Finger were after." O'Neil's 1973 run introduced the idea of the Joker being legally insane, to explain why the character is sent to Arkham Asylum (introduced by O'Neil in 1974 as Arkham Hospital) instead of to prison. Adams modified the Joker's appearance, changing his more average figure by extending his jaw and making him taller and leaner.DC Comics was a hotbed of experimentation during the 1970s, and in 1975 the character became the first villain to feature as the title character in a comic book series, The Joker. The series followed the character's interactions with other supervillains, and the first issue was written by O'Neil. Stories balanced between emphasizing the Joker's criminality and making him a likable protagonist whom readers could support. Although he murdered thugs and civilians, he never fought Batman; this made The Joker a series in which the character's villainy prevailed over rival villains, instead of a struggle between good and evil. Because the Comics Code Authority mandated punishment for villains, each issue ended with the Joker being apprehended, limiting the scope of each story. The series never found an audience, and The Joker was cancelled after nine issues (despite a "next issue" advertisement for an appearance by the Justice League). The complete series became difficult to obtain over time, often commanding high prices from collectors. In 2013, DC Comics reissued the series as a graphic novel.When Jenette Kahn became DC editor in 1976, she redeveloped the company's struggling titles; during her tenure, the Joker would become one of DC's most popular characters. While O'Neil and Adams' work was critically acclaimed, writer Steve Englehart and penciller Marshall Rogers's eight-issue run in Detective Comics #471–476 (August 1977 – April 1978) defined the Joker for decades to come with stories emphasizing the character's insanity. In "The Laughing Fish", the Joker disfigures fish with a rictus grin resembling his own (expecting copyright protection), and is unable to understand that copyrighting a natural resource is legally impossible. Englehart and Rogers' work on the series influenced the 1989 film Batman, and was adapted for 1992's Batman: The Animated Series. Rogers expanded on Adams' character design, drawing the Joker with a fedora and trench coat. Englehart outlined how he understood the character by saying that the Joker "was this very crazy, scary character. I really wanted to get back to the idea of Batman fighting insane murderers at 3 a.m. under the full moon, as the clouds scuttled by."
qas: question: zh_tw: 小丑最初的角色形象是什麼？
en: What was Joker's original character described as?
answers: zh_tw: text: 瘋狂的殺人狂魔
en: text: an impulsive, homicidal maniac