霧都孤兒
Oliver Twist

context: zh_tw: 小說揭露了狄更斯時代倫敦大量孤兒的悲慘生活。小說的副標題是《教區男孩的進步》，暗指約翰・班揚的《清教徒進步》和 18 世紀威廉・荷加斯的諷刺連載《浪子的進步》和《娼妓的進步》如同狄更斯的其他小說，本書揭露許多當時的社會惡疾，如救濟院、童工、以及幫派吸收青少年參與犯罪等，試圖喚起大眾的注意。狄更斯使用諷刺和黑色幽默來對社會虛偽進行了嘲諷。小說的靈感可能來自羅伯特・紐西蘭（Robert Blincoe），這位孤兒在紡織廠做童工的苦難在十九世紀三十年代被廣泛閱讀。而狄更斯早年的童工經歷也可能對故事情節發展有所貢獻。本書曾多次改編為電影、電視劇及舞臺劇。世界知名導演羅曼・波蘭斯基於 2005 年也曾將此書拍成電影。最早林紓將其譯作《賊史》，後有人譯為《孤雛淚》。
en: Oliver Twist is notable for its unromantic portrayal by Dickens of criminals and their sordid lives, as well as for exposing the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London in the mid-19th century. The alternative title, The Parish Boy's Progress, alludes to Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, as well as the 18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth, A Rake's Progress and A Harlot's Progress.In this early example of the social novel, Dickens satirises the hypocrisies of his time, including child labour, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely that Dickens's own youthful experiences contributed as well.Oliver Twist has been the subject of numerous adaptations for various media, including a highly successful musical play, Oliver!, and the multiple Academy Award-winning 1968 motion picture. Disney also put its spin on the novel with the animated film called Oliver & Company in 1988.
qas: question: zh_tw: 可能是《奧利弗・特威斯特》原型的年輕人叫什麼名字？
en: What was the name of the young man who may have been the basis for Oliver Twist?
answers: zh_tw: text: 羅伯特・紐西蘭（Robert Blincoe）
en: text: Robert Blincoe

context: zh_tw: 小說起初是以月刊連載的形式出現，於 1837 年 2 月開始到 1839 年 4 月結束。小說原先是狄更斯連載故事《泥蛙》的一部分。直到 1847 年，小說才有了自己獨立的連載。喬治・克魯克香克以鋼鐵蝕刻版畫的方式為其提供了插圖。在連載結束前的 6 月中，故事的小說形式第一次出現，由理查德・賓利出版，並使用了筆名 "Boz"，以及克魯克香克 24 份插圖。
en: The novel was originally published in monthly instalments in the magazine Bentley's Miscellany, from February 1837 to April 1839. It was originally intended to form part of Dickens's serial, The Mudfog Papers. George Cruikshank provided one steel etching per month to illustrate each instalment. The novel first appeared in book form six months before the initial serialisation was completed, in three volumes published by Richard Bentley, the owner of Bentley's Miscellany, under the author's pseudonym, "Boz". It included 24 steel-engraved plates by Cruikshank.
qas: question: zh_tw: 連載故事《泥蛙》的特別之處在哪裡？
en: What was unique about serials like the Mudfog Papers?
answers: zh_tw: text: 起初是以月刊連載的形式出現
en: text: was originally published in monthly instalments

context: zh_tw: 奧利佛在布朗羅家迅速康復，對他們的殷情感到受寵若驚。好景不長，由於害怕他招供，費金決定將奧利佛帶回老巢。當布朗羅讓奧利佛去為書本付錢時，孩子幫的一位女孩南茜跟他搭訕，稱她被戀人、殘忍的比爾・賽克斯虐待，需要他的幫助。奧利佛跟了過去，便立即被綁起，送回了費金的老巢。小偷們搜出了布朗羅先生給他的 5 鎊錢，將他全身的新衣服扯掉。奧利佛打算逃走報警，但被達金斯、查理和費金生生拖了回來。南茜同情奧利佛，將他從費金和賽克斯的毒打下救了出來。不久後，賽克斯帶著奧利佛前往一棟宅邸偷竊，卻被屋裡的人識破，賽克斯逃走，奧利佛則中槍，被屋裡的人收留。屋主梅萊老太太與侄女蘿絲・梅萊待他如同家人。
en: Oliver stays with Mr Brownlow, recovers rapidly, and blossoms from the unaccustomed kindness. His bliss is interrupted when Fagin, fearing Oliver might tell the police about his criminal gang, decides that Oliver must be brought back to his hideout. When Mr Brownlow sends Oliver out to pay for some books, one of the gang, a young girl named Nancy, whom Oliver had previously met at Fagin's, accosts him with help from her abusive lover, the robber Bill Sikes, and Oliver is quickly bundled back to Fagin's lair. The thieves take the five-pound note Mr Brownlow had entrusted to him, and strip him of his fine new clothes. Oliver, shocked, flees and attempts to call for police assistance, but is dragged back by the Artful Dodger, Charley, and Fagin. Nancy, alone, is sympathetic towards Oliver and saves him from beatings by Fagin and Sikes.
qas: question: zh_tw: 南茜將奧利佛從什麼救了出來？
en: What did Nancy save Oliver from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 費金和賽克斯
en: text: Fagin and Sikes