zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
蒂普・卡柏迪亞
Dimple Kapadia

context: zh_tw: 蒂普・卡柏迪亞（英語：Dimple Kapadia，1957 年 6 月 8 日－）是印度女演員，主要作品均是寶萊塢電影。她曾兩次獲印度電影觀眾獎的最佳女演員獎項。1973 年，剛剛出道的卡柏迪亞和印度男影星及拉傑殊・坎納（Rajesh Khanna）結婚。她婚後育有兩名孩子，並退出影壇。1984 年，她和坎納分居但一直沒有離婚。
en: Dimple Kapadia (born 8 June 1957) is an Indian film actress who predominantly appears in Hindi films. She was launched by Raj Kapoor at age 16, playing the title role in his teen romance Bobby (1973). In that same year she married Indian actor Rajesh Khanna and retired from acting. Kapadia returned to the film industry in 1984, following her separation from Khanna. One of her films of that period was the drama Saagar (1985). Both Bobby and Saagar won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She went on to establish herself as one of the leading actresses of Hindi cinema in the 1980s.Initially recognised as a national sex symbol, Kapadia was keen to avoid being stereotyped and expand her range of acting roles. She subsequently took on more serious parts in a range of film genres, from mainstream to parallel cinema, and received acclaim for her performances in such films as Kaash (1987), Drishti (1990), Lekin... (1990), and Rudaali (1993), which earned her a National Film Award for Best Actress and a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress. She followed with supporting roles in Gardish (1993) and Krantiveer (1994), the latter of which garnered her a fourth Filmfare Award.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰在 1957 年 6 月 8 日出生？
en: Who was born June 8, 1957?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1957 年 6 月 8 日
en: text: Dimple Kapadia
公司治理

context: zh_tw: 商團治理，又名註冊商團自我秩序打理機制、企業行為倫理自我規範和企業管理（簡稱企管），是一套程式、慣例、政策、法律及機構，影響著如何帶領、管理及控制公司。公司治理方法也包括公司內部利益相關人士及公司治理的眾多目標之間的關係。主要利益相關人士包括股東、管理人員和董事。其它利益相關人士包括僱員、供應商、顧客、銀行和其它貸款人、政府政策管理者、環境和整個社群。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪些群體能夠在公司治理中發揮更大的影響力？
en: Which groups are able to wield additional influence in corporate governance?
answers: zh_tw: text: 僱員、供應商、顧客、銀行和其它貸款人、政府政策管理者、環境和整個社群

context: zh_tw: 無論直接或間接地影響著公司的有效表現，參與企業管治的所有人士都持著一些利益。董事和管理階層要求獲得薪金、利益與名譽，而股東則要求獲得回報。顧客要求獲得產品和服務，供應商從他們的產品和服務而獲得補償。每位都以自然、人文、社會及其他方式提供價值。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪些人關心公司的經營方式，在金錢方面？
en: Which groups of people care about the way a corporation is doing, in terms of money?
answers: zh_tw: text: 企業管治的所有人士

context: zh_tw: 世界上有很多不同企業管治的模型。這些不同於在資本主義的品種的差別。寬宏模型是常見於英美國家，傾向於以股東的權益來決定優先權。常見於歐洲大陸和日本的協調模型則確認工作者、經理、供應商、顧客，和社群的權益。兩者在不同方面都有不同的競爭優勢。寬宏模型鼓勵激烈的創新及成本上競爭，協調模型則促進漸進式的創新和品質上比拼。
qas: question: zh_tw: 日本和歐洲的公司是哪種治理模式？
en: Which model does Japan and Europe follow for corporate governance?
answers: zh_tw: text: 協調模型
婁宿三

context: zh_tw: 這顆恆星的光學頻譜與恆星光譜的 K2 III Ca-1 吻合，光度等級是 III，而在恆星演化過程中已經是顆耗盡了核心氫燃料的巨星，現在已經位在紅巨星分支分類中的 'Ca-1' 表明他的光譜中含有比正常微弱的鈣吸收譜線。自 1943 年以來，這顆恆星的光學頻譜成為其他恆星分類的穩定依靠點之一。估計它的質量比太陽多 50%，而天文干涉儀測量顯示它的直徑比太陽大 15%。儘管它的周長增大，但這顆恆星在赤道的自轉依然比太陽稍快，具有 3.44 公里 s1 的投射自轉速度。
qas: question: zh_tw: 這顆恆星的質量比太陽高出多少百分比？
en: How much more mass does this star have, by percent, than the Sun?
answers: zh_tw: text: 50

context: zh_tw: 在 2011 年，李炳哲等人報導，根據韓國 Bohyunsan 光學天文臺使用徑向速度測量法在 2003 年和 2010 年的測量結果，可能有一顆行星在軌道上環繞這顆恆星。估計該物體的軌道週期為 381 天，軌道離心率 0.25。這個物體的質量下限是木星質量的 1.8 倍。估計這顆行星軌道的半長軸是 1.2 天文單位，近星點距離可能是 0.9 天文單位，而遠星點距離可能是 1.5 天文單位。相較之下，母恆星的半徑是 0.07 天文單位。
qas: question: zh_tw: 物體的質量在下限是多少倍？
en: how many more times more is the objects mass on the lower bound?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1.8 倍
艾爾・卡彭

context: zh_tw: 卡彭出生於紐約市布魯克林，父母為原籍義大利那不勒斯的美國移民。他曾被認為是一名五點幫成員，成為有組織犯罪場所如妓院的保鏢。在 20 多歲剛出頭的時候，他搬到芝加哥，併成為了強尼・托里奧信任的保鏢和雜工，托里奧是非法提供酒精的犯罪集團頭目、芝加哥犯罪集團的先驅者，並透過西西里利亞聯盟得到政治保護。卡彭一生中的興衰與北邊幫的衝突有著緊密關聯。托里奧在幾乎被北邊幫槍手槍殺後退休，並將控制權交給了卡彭。卡彭透過數多的暴力手段擴大了非法私酒生意，但由於卡彭與市長威廉・海爾・湯普森和該市警察部門的互相獲利關係，他的非法行為受到了一定程度的庇護。
qas: question: zh_tw: 托里奧為什麼要退休？
en: Why did Torrio go into retirement?
answers: zh_tw: text: 幾乎被北邊幫槍手槍殺

context: zh_tw: 艾爾・卡彭出生於 1899 年 1 月 17 日的紐約布魯克林區。他的父母是加布裡埃萊・卡彭（Gabriele Capone，1865 年 12 月 12 日 - 1920 年 11 月 14 日）和特雷西・納萊奧拉（Teresa Raiola，1867 年 12 月 28 日 - 1952 年 11 月 29 日），他們是來自義大利的移民。他的父親是一名理髮師，而他的母親是一個裁縫，他們兩人都出生於薩雷諾省的小鎮安格里。
qas: question: zh_tw: 艾爾・卡彭在哪個紐約社群出生？\n
en: In which New York neighborhood was Al Capone born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 布魯克林

context: zh_tw: 卡彭最初與三流的幫派交往，其中包括 Junior Forty Thieves 和 Bowery Boys。然後，他加入了 Brooklyn Rippers，接著加入了位於曼哈頓下城的強大的五點幫。在這段時期，他被一名在康尼島舞廳的調酒師和名為 Harvard Inn 酒館的詐騙販法蘭基・耶魯僱用和指導。卡彭在布魯克林夜總會工作時無意中侮辱了一名女子，並被她的兄弟 Frank Galluccio 砍傷。傷口導致了卡彭得到一個他討厭的綽號：「疤面」（Scarface）。耶魯堅持要求卡彭向 Galluccio 道歉，而卡彭後來僱用他成為他的保鏢。當他被拍照時，卡彭會遮掩臉上左側的疤痕，說這個損傷是戰爭創傷。卡彭被他最親密的朋友稱為「Snorky」（指講究衣著的人）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰是 Capone 的導師？
en: Who was Capone's mentor?
answers: zh_tw: text: 法蘭基・耶魯

context: zh_tw: 卡彭於 1918 年 12 月 30 日在 19 歲時與 Mae Josephine Coughlin 結婚。她是愛爾蘭天主教徒，而在那個月初已經生下了他們的兒子 Albert Francis "Sonny" Capone。此時卡彭未滿 21 歲，他的父母不得不以書面同意這次婚姻。
qas: question: zh_tw: 她是什麼教派？
en: what denomination was she?
answers: zh_tw: text: 愛爾蘭天主教徒

context: zh_tw: 大約 20 歲的時候，卡彭應約強尼・托里奧的邀請離開紐約到芝加哥，托里奧則是犯罪老大詹姆斯・「大吉姆」・科洛錫莫的執行者。卡彭開始在芝加哥的妓院擔任門衛，他在那裡感染了梅毒。及時使用灑爾佛散的話，可能已經治癒了感染，但他顯然從未尋求治療。在 1923 年，他在芝加哥南區公園莊園的 7244 南草原大道上購買了一座價格 5,500 美元的小房子。在此時期，卡彭的名字開始出現在報紙的運動版面上，他被描述為一個拳擊籌辦人。芝加哥在密歇根湖（Lake Michigan）上的位置可以進入一個廣闊的內陸地區，並且有好好的鐵路服務。托里奧在科洛錫莫於 1920 年 5 月 11 日被謀殺後接管了科洛錫莫的犯罪帝國，而卡彭涉嫌捲入其中。托里奧在大體上領導了這個該市最大的義大利有組織犯罪集團，而卡彭則是他的得力助手。他們小心翼翼的捲入幫派戰爭之中，並試圖與敵對犯罪集團之間談判領土協議。 由狄恩・歐班寧（也被稱為迪翁・歐班寧〔Dion O'Banion〕）領導的較小而種族混雜的北邊幫受到來自與托里奧聯盟的 Genna 兄弟的壓力。歐班寧發現，對於所有托里奧的裝模作樣來說，是一個爭端的開拓者，他對 Genna 侵入北邊幫毫無幫助。在一個決定性的過程中，托里奧在 1924 年 10 月在歐班寧的花店內安排或默許謀殺歐班寧。這使得海米・魏斯在文森特・德魯奇和瘋子莫蘭的支援下成為幫派的首腦。魏斯曾經是歐班寧的親密朋友，北邊幫人把報復歐班寧的兇手視為優先事項。
qas: question: zh_tw: 他購買房子花了多少錢？
en: How much did he purchase the house for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 5,500 美元

question: zh_tw: 誰接替了歐班寧？
en: Who took over after O'Banion?
answers: zh_tw: text: 海米・魏斯
緬甸宗教
Religion in Myanmar

context: zh_tw: 緬甸是一個多宗教國家雖然沒有國教，但政府調查大多數的緬甸公民信奉上座部佛教。根據緬甸政府 2014 年人口普查，佛教徒佔 88％，主要由緬族、若開人、撣族、孟族、克倫族和華人所信奉。除此之外，緬族人也信奉緬甸民間信仰
en: According to both the 2014 census of the Burmese government Buddhism is the dominant religion, of 88% of the population, practiced especially by the Bamar, Rakhine, Shan, Mon, Karen people and Chinese ethnic groups. Bamar people also practice the Burmese folk religion under the name of Buddhism. The new constitution provides for the freedom of religion; however, it also grants broad exceptions that allow the regime to restrict these rights at will. Ethnic minorities practice Christianity (6.2%, particularly the Chin, Kachin and Karen people), Islam (4.3%, particularly the Indians, Malays, and other minorities), and Hinduism (0.5%, particularly by Burmese Indians).Nat worship is common in Myanmar. Nats are named spirits and shrines can be seen around the country, either standing alone, or as part of Buddhist temples. Nat worship has a relationship with Myanmar Buddhism and there is a recognised pantheon of 37 nats.
qas: question: zh_tw: 緬甸最主要的宗教是什麼？
en: Which religion is most dominant in Burma?
answers: zh_tw: text: 佛教
en: text: Buddhism

context: zh_tw: 基督徒佔緬甸 6.2％的人口，信徒主要是克欽族、克倫族及歐亞人。緬甸全國基督徒約五分之四是新教信徒，其餘是天主教會的信徒。基督徒是緬甸過去三十年來增長最快的宗教群體，雖然增長差距已經接近一般人口，但他們仍然是增長最快的宗教群體。
en: Christianity is practised by 6.2% of the population, primarily among the Kachin, Chin and Karen people, and Eurasians because of missionary work in their respective areas. About four-fifths of the country’s Christians are Protestants, in particular Baptists of the Myanmar Baptist Convention; Roman Catholics make up the remainder.
qas: question: zh_tw: 基督徒佔總人口的百分比為多少？
en: What percentage of the population are Christian?
answers: zh_tw: text: 6.2％
en: text: 6.2%
地中海盆地
Mediterranean Basin

context: zh_tw: 在生物地理學上，地中海盆地（也被稱為地中海地區或地中海）是指地中海周圍的陸地區域，屬地中海式氣候，冬季溫和多雨，夏季炎熱乾燥，有著頗具特色的地中海型森林、林地和灌木。作為一個經驗法則，地中海盆地是舊大陸中長著橄欖樹的地方。然而橄欖樹也見於世界上其他為地中海氣候的地區，同時，地中海周邊許多不屬於地中海氣候的地區並沒有橄欖樹的存在。
en: In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin  (also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 地中海周圍土地是什麼名稱？
en: What is the name given to the area of land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea?
answers: zh_tw: text: 地中海盆地
en: text: Mediterranean Basin
亞喀巴灣
Gulf of Aqaba

context: zh_tw: 阿卡巴灣（Gulf of Aqaba）（阿拉伯語：خليج العقبة‎；Khalyj al-'Aqabah），也稱埃拉特灣（希伯來語：מפרץ אילת‎‎），是紅海的一個大海灣，位於紅海北端的西奈半島以東，阿拉伯大陸以西。其海岸線分屬四個國家：埃及、以色列、約旦和沙地阿拉伯。
en: The Gulf of Aqaba (Arabic: خليج العقبة‎, Khalij al-Aqabah) or Gulf of Eilat (Hebrew: מפרץ אילת, Mifrats Eilat) is a large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea, east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian mainland. Its coastline is divided between four countries: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.
qas: question: zh_tw: 阿卡巴灣有多少個國家的海岸線？
en: Aqaba's gulf has coastline among how many countries?
answers: zh_tw: text: 四個國家
en: text: four countries
勞爾・岡薩雷斯・布蘭科
Raúl (footballer)

context: zh_tw: 2009 年 2 月 21 日，勞爾在對皇家貝蒂斯的賽事中，又用 2 個進球創造了皇馬另一頁歷史。在本場比賽之後，勞爾共為皇馬攻入了 218 個西甲進球，超越了之前與其並列的迪・史提芬奴所保持的 216 球，獨自領跑皇馬歷史聯賽射手榜。然後 2009 年底，隨著勞爾年齡漸增，西班牙有評論員文章，建議勞爾回馬競，並說馬德里競技才是他真正的家。2010 年 7 月 26 日，勞爾正式在馬德里宣佈離開西班牙轉投德甲沙爾克 04，從此告別這家他個人之前唯一效力的球會，16 年間勞爾在皇家馬德里共取得了 16 個冠軍的輝煌榮譽。而據稱勞爾將會同沙爾克 04 簽署為期 2 年的合約。
en: Raúl signed a two-year contract with Schalke 04 on 28 July 2010. Schalke head coach Felix Magath hailed the signing and told the club website, "It's great news for FC Schalke 04, I am pleased that we have succeeded in signing such an exceptional footballer and world-class striker switching to the Bundesliga for Schalke 04." Previously, it was expected Raúl would have finished his career in the United States or Qatar, and that he also received a lucrative offer from an unnamed Russian club. Raúl chose Schalke because they qualified for the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League.Raúl scored his first goal for the club during his first match on 1 August 2010 with a brace in a 3–1 victory over Bayern Munich in the final match pre-season competition LIGA total! Cup 2010. One week later, he made his competitive debut in the 2010 DFL-Supercup on 7 August 2010 again against Bayern, but this time he failed to score in the 2–0 defeat. Raúl made his Bundesliga debut on 21 August 2010 in a 2–1 defeat against Hamburger SV. and scored his first goal for Schalke in the Bundesliga against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 25 September 2010 in a 2–2 draw. After a quiet start, he rediscovered his goalscoring form in the Bundesliga with a brace against FC St. Pauli on 5 November in a 3–0 win, and on 20 November, he scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 4–0 win over Werder Bremen. On 18 December, he scored his second hat-trick for Schalke in a 3–0 win against 1. FC Köln.
qas: question: zh_tw: 勞爾什麼時候簽署合約？
en: When did Raul sign the contract?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2010 年 7 月 26 日
en: text: 28 July 2010
伊涅薩・阿曼德
Inessa Armand

context: zh_tw: 十九歲時她嫁給了一位富有的俄羅斯紡織品製造商之子，亞歷山大・阿曼德。二人共育有四個孩子。阿曼德夫婦都熱心公益事業。他們在莫斯哥郊外開設了一所面向農家子弟的學校，伊涅薩更加入了一個致力於幫助城市貧困婦女的慈善組織。
en: Armand was born in Paris. Her mother, Nathalie Wild, was a comedienne of half-French and half-English descent, and her father, Théodore Pécheux d'Herbenville, was a French opera-singer. Her father died when she was five and she was brought up by her aunt and grandmother living in Moscow, both teachers.At the age of nineteen she married Alexander Armand, the son of a wealthy Russian textile manufacturer. The marriage produced four children. Inessa and her husband opened a school for peasant children outside of Moscow. She also joined a charitable group dedicated to helping the city's destitute women.
qas: question: zh_tw: 伊涅薩在慈善組織工作為了什麼？
en: Inessa worked with a charity for what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 婦女
en: text: women

context: zh_tw: 《共產主義婦女》的第五期刊物就登出了其創始人的訃告。列寧意識到阿曼德操勞過度，因而建議她去高加索度假，卻不知當地瘟疫橫行。 9 月 21 日晚她在會見納爾奇克執行委員會 —— 有可能是為了商討一行人的食宿問題 —— 時感染了霍亂。9 月 24 日一早她就病發去世了，享年 46 歲。 她在國際歌聲中以國葬下載，最終棲身於莫斯科克裡姆林宮紅場墓園，是第一位享有此等殊榮的女性。到了 1930 年代阿曼德就已經被人們遺忘了， 1930 年婦女部也被撤銷。1981 年的蘇聯電影《列寧在巴黎》中，克勞德・傑德飾演了阿曼德；1988 年的英國電視劇《列寧... 火車》中，多米尼克・杉達飾演了阿曼德；1997 年的愛沙尼亞喜劇《我的列寧》中，詹妮・舍甫琴科飾演了阿曼德。湯姆・海曼的小說《七天到彼得格勒》也以阿曼德為女主角。
en: By the 1930s her work had been forgotten. The Zhenotdel was abolished in 1930.Armand has been portrayed in the films Lenin in Paris (1981, played by Claude Jade), Lenin...The Train (1988, played by Dominique Sanda) and All My Lenins (1997, played by Janne Sevchenko). She was also portrayed as the heroine in the fictionalised account of Lenin's Russian return: Seven Days to Petrograd (1988 by Tom Hyman, Penguin Books).
qas: question: zh_tw: 到 20 世紀 30 年代，她的作品發生了什麼？
en: What happened to her work by the 1930s?
answers: zh_tw: text: 被人們遺忘了
en: text: forgotten
2019 年亞足聯亞洲盃決賽
2019 AFC Asian Cup Final

context: zh_tw: 2019 年亞足聯亞洲盃決賽是決出 2019 年亞足聯亞洲盃冠軍的足球比賽。賽事於 2019 年 2 月 1 日在阿聯酋阿布扎比薩耶德體育城球場舉行，比賽雙方是日本和卡達。日本第五次殺入決賽，該隊前四次決賽的成績斐然。卡達則是第一次參加比賽，在前六場比賽中保持著零封對手的紀錄。最終，卡達 3–1 取勝，首次獲得亞洲盃冠軍，同時日本首次輸掉亞洲盃決賽。
en: The 2019 AFC Asian Cup Final was a football match which determined the winner of the 2019 AFC Asian Cup, the 17th edition of the AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of the Asian Football Confederation. The match was held at the Zayed Sports City Stadium in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, on 1 February 2019 and was contested by Japan and Qatar.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪些球隊參加了 2019 年亞洲盃決賽？
en: What teams played in the 2019 AFC Asian Cup Final?
answers: zh_tw: text: 日本和卡達
en: text: Japan and Qatar

context: zh_tw: 比賽於當地時間晚上 6 點在阿布扎比的薩耶德體育城球場正式打響。前往現場觀賽的人數達 36,776 人，其中有數千名阿曼球迷。開場不久，日本獲得兩次定點球機會，但沒能破門。第 12 分鐘，卡達的阿爾莫埃斯・阿里接過阿克拉姆・阿菲夫傳來的球，從 14 米遠處倒掛破門。憑藉著這個個人亞洲盃第九個進球，阿里超過阿里・代伊，成為亞洲盃進球最多的球員。第 27 分鐘阿卜杜勒阿齊玆・哈特姆再為球隊攻下一城，從 22 米處越過日本門將權田修一頂部死角破門。
qas: question: zh_tw: 日本是如何開始比賽的？
en: How did the game begin for Japan?
answers: zh_tw: text: 兩次定點球機會

context: zh_tw: 半場結束前後日本重新獲得控球權，有過多次進球的機會，包括多個角球和武藤嘉紀的頭球，都沒能給日本帶來破門機會。第 56 分鐘，卡達在反擊中獲得破門機會，但哈特姆射門時球飛出橫樑。第 69 分鐘，南野拓實近距離破門，將比分改寫成 2–1，卡達的大門被日本隊首次攻破。第 82 分鐘，影片助理裁判判定日本隊隊長吉田麻也攔截卡達的角球出現手球，卡達獲得罰球。阿克拉姆・阿菲夫依靠罰球成功破門，最終以 3–1 給比賽定局。
en: The match kicked off at 18:00 local time in Abu Dhabi at Zayed Sports City Stadium, in front of an announced attendance of 36,776 spectators, including several thousand Omanis. Japan began the match with two set piece chances, but neither was able to provide a scoring chance. Qatar's Almoez Ali opened the scoring in the 12th minute with a bicycle kick from 15 yards (14 m) after juggling a ball received from Akram Afif. With his ninth goal of the tournament, Ali took the record for most goals scored during an Asian Cup that was previously held by Iranian Ali Daei. Abdulaziz Hatem scored Qatar's next goal in the 27th minute, shooting from 25 yards (75 ft) past Japanese goalkeeper Shūichi Gonda towards the top corner.Japan regained possession and found several scoring chances before and after halftime, including a missed header from Yoshinori Muto and several corner kicks, but were unable to produce a shot on goal. Qatar received an early chance to score their third goal in the 56th minute on a counterattack, but the shot by Hatem went over the crossbar. The lead was cut to 2–1 with a 69th-minute goal from close range by Takumi Minamino—the first to be conceded by Qatar during the tournament. Qatar were awarded a penalty kick in the 82nd minute by the video assistant referee for a handball by Japanese captain Maya Yoshida, who blocked a shot from a corner kick. The penalty was converted by Akram Afif to give Qatar a 3–1 lead that they kept until the end of the match.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個人犯手球，使得卡達獲得一枚罰球？
en: Who committed the handball that awarded Qatar a penalty kick?
answers: zh_tw: text: 吉田麻
en: text: Maya Yoshida

question: zh_tw: 日本是如何開始比賽的？
answers: en: text: two set piece chances
心理治療
Psychotherapy

context: zh_tw: 心理治療有多個不同學派，而且不斷發展中。不同學派之間對學派之劃分也有歧異，即使有經驗的治療師也無法熟稔所有學派的治療方式。美國著名的精神科經典教材 Synopsis of Psychiatry 和英國牛津出版的精神科教科書也沒有一致的分類法。在此引用英國系統的分類方式
en: Psychotherapies are categorized in several different ways. A distinction can be made between those based on a medical model and those based on a humanistic model. In the medical model, the client is seen as unwell and the therapist employs their skill to help the client back to health. The extensive use of the DSM-IV, the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders in the United States is an example of a medically exclusive model. The humanistic or non-medical model in contrast strives to depathologise the human condition. The therapist attempts to create a relational environment conducive to experiential learning and help build the client's confidence in their own natural process resulting in a deeper understanding of themselves. The therapist may see themselves as a facilitator/helper.
qas: question: zh_tw: 心理治療有多少方法劃分？
en: How many ways are there to categorize psychotherapies?
answers: zh_tw: text: 多個
en: text: several
哈雷摩托車
Harley-Davidson

context: zh_tw: 接下來的兩年，哈雷和他的好友亞瑟・戴維森（Arthur Davidson）在朋友亨利・繆克的機械商店製作他們的「機動腳踏車」。在亞瑟的哥哥瓦特・戴維森（Walter Davidson）的協助下，於 1903 年完成了機動腳踏車。但他們發現這輛機動腳踏車在不借助踏板的情況下，連密爾瓦基最平坦的丘陵都騎不上去。哈雷和戴維森將他們的第一輛機動腳踏車當作一個學習的經驗。
en: In 1901, 20 year-old William S. Harley drew up plans for a small engine with a displacement of 7.07 cubic inches (116 cc) and four-inch (102 mm) flywheels designed for use in a regular pedal-bicycle frame. Over the next two years, he and his childhood friend Arthur Davidson worked on their motor-bicycle using the northside Milwaukee machine shop at the home of their friend Henry Melk. It was finished in 1903 with the help of Arthur's brother Walter Davidson. Upon testing their power-cycle, Harley and the Davidson brothers found it unable to climb the hills around Milwaukee without pedal assistance, and they wrote off their first motor-bicycle as a valuable learning experiment.The three began work on a new and improved machine with an engine of 24.74 cubic inches (405 cc) with 9.75 inches (25 cm) flywheels weighing 28 lb (13 kg). Its advanced loop-frame pattern was similar to the 1903 Milwaukee Merkel motorcycle designed by Joseph Merkel, later of Flying Merkel fame. The bigger engine and loop-frame design took it out of the motorized bicycle category and marked the path to future motorcycle designs. They also received help with their bigger engine from outboard motor pioneer Ole Evinrude, who was then building gas engines of his own design for automotive use on Milwaukee's Lake Street.
qas: question: zh_tw: 威廉和亞瑟在他們的摩托車上工作了多長時間？
en: How long did William and Arthur work on their motor-bicycle?
answers: zh_tw: text: 兩年
en: text: two years
幻影車神：魔盜激情
Dhoom 3

context: zh_tw: 沙希爾給重組後的大印度馬戲團搞了一個盛大的首演，與女領銜雜技演員阿麗雅（卡特麗娜・卡芙飾）上演瞬間移動。節目大獲成功，但事後傑和阿里率領一眾警察包圍沙希爾，他們認為沙希爾就是大盜。傑表示槍傷就是證據，但當檢查沙希爾的身體時，卻沒有發現槍傷的痕跡。傑和阿里失望離開，而沙希爾回到更衣室。隨後登場的薩馬爾患有亞斯伯格症，與沙希爾是雙胞胎，兩人聯手策劃並實施槍擊案，而有槍傷的是薩馬爾。
en: Sahir has a big premiere of a revamped version of The Great Indian Circus, with his female lead acrobat, Aaliya (Katrina Kaif), involving a trick with him disappearing in one place and showing up in another. The show is a success, but afterwards, Jay, Ali, and the police surround him, knowing he's the thief. Jai says the proof will be the gunshot wound, but when Sahir is examined, there is no evidence anywhere on his body. It is then revealed that Sahir has an autistic twin brother, Samar (also Aamir Khan), who helps him pull off his trick, helps him in planning and pulling of the robberies and he also shows it was Samar who sustained the wound.
qas: question: zh_tw: 傑說誰身上會有槍傷？
en: Who does Jai say will have a gunshot wound?
answers: zh_tw: text: 沙希爾
en: text: Sahir

question: zh_tw: 薩希爾的把戲涉及到什麼？
en: What did Sahir's trick involve?
answers: zh_tw: text: 瞬間移動
en: text: disappearing in one place and showing up in another.

question: zh_tw: 誰在搶劫案中受傷了？
en: Who was wounded during the robberies?
answers: zh_tw: text: 薩馬爾
en: text: Samar
普通感冒

context: zh_tw: 成年人如果有流鼻涕的症狀，可以服用第一代抗組織胺藥減緩病症，但可能會產生嗜睡的不良反應；第二代抗組織胺藥物就不會造成嚴重的嗜睡。其他減充血劑，諸如偽麻黃鹼對減緩流鼻涕很有效。異丙託溴銨噴鼻劑可以減輕流鼻涕的症狀，但對於舒緩鼻塞症狀效果有限。
qas: question: zh_tw: 異丙託溴銨管理什麼腔？
en: In what cavity is Ipratropium administered?
answers: zh_tw: text: 鼻

context: zh_tw: 普通感冒通常是溫和的並有自約性，所以大多數症狀一般會在一週內改善。伴隨嚴重的併發症通常只發生在老年人或孩童等免疫功能較差的人身上。繼發性細菌感染可能會造成鼻竇炎、咽炎或耳部感染的發生。根據統計，8% 的普通感冒患者會有鼻竇炎的徵狀；30% 的普通感冒患者會有耳部感染的情況。
qas: question: zh_tw: 普通感冒有多嚴重？
en: How severe is the common cold?
answers: zh_tw: text: 通常是溫和的

question: zh_tw: 哪些人通常會出現嚴重的併發症？
en: Who usually experiences severe complications?
answers: zh_tw: text: 老年人或孩童等免疫功能較差的人

context: zh_tw: 普通感冒是人類最常見的疾病，世界各地的人民均感染過。成人通常每年會感染 2～5 次；兒童感冒則可能感染 6～10 次，校園中的兒童更可能多達 12 次。免疫力下降是隨著年紀增長造成感染普通感冒次數增加的主因。
qas: question: zh_tw: 大多數人都至少得過一次的疾病是什麼？
en: What disease most people have experienced at least once?
answers: zh_tw: text: 普通感冒

context: zh_tw: 普通感冒對經濟的影響在大部分國家尚不明朗。以美國為例，每年因為普通感冒而就診的次數高達 7500 萬～1 億次之間，所花費的金額高達 77 億美元。除此之外，為求症狀獲得舒緩，美國人每年花費 29 億美元購買非處方藥以及 4 億美元購買處方藥。超過三分之一因普通感冒就診的病患會得到醫生開立的處方抗生素，意味著增加對抗生素產生抗生素抗性的風險。孩童因為感染普通感冒而錯過的上學日每年約有 2200 萬～1 億 8900 萬天。家長為了待在家裡照顧小孩也損失 1 億 2600 萬個工作天，另外損失的 1 億 5000 萬個工作天則是因為僱員罹患普通感冒而請假，佔了所有折損工作天的 40%。與普通感冒相關的經濟損失每年高達 200 億美元。
qas: question: zh_tw: 多少人面對抗生素抗性的風險？
en: how many people are at the risk of antibiotic resistance?
answers: zh_tw: text: 超過三分之一
聖誕節
Christmas

context: zh_tw: 聖誕節通常對於慶祝聖誕節的國家來說，是最大的每年一度的經濟刺激。在幾乎所有零售領域，銷售會發生戲劇性的增長，如人們購買禮物，裝飾，供應為來賓準備的派對。
en: Christmas is typically a peak selling season for retailers in many nations around the world. Sales increase dramatically as people purchase gifts, decorations, and supplies to celebrate. In the United States, the "Christmas shopping season" starts as early as October. In Canada, merchants begin advertising campaigns just before Halloween (October 31), and step up their marketing following Remembrance Day on November 11. In the UK and Ireland, the Christmas shopping season starts from mid-November, around the time when high street Christmas lights are turned on. In the United States, it has been calculated that a quarter of all personal spending takes place during the Christmas/holiday shopping season. Figures from the U.S. Census Bureau reveal that expenditure in department stores nationwide rose from $20.8 billion in November 2004 to $31.9 billion in December 2004, an increase of 54 percent. In other sectors, the pre-Christmas increase in spending was even greater, there being a November–December buying surge of 100 percent in bookstores and 170 percent in jewelry stores. In the same year employment in American retail stores rose from 1.6 million to 1.8 million in the two months leading up to Christmas. Industries completely dependent on Christmas include Christmas cards, of which 1.9 billion are sent in the United States each year, and live Christmas Trees, of which 20.8 million were cut in the U.S. in 2002. In the UK in 2010, up to £8 billion was expected to be spent online at Christmas, approximately a quarter of total retail festive sales.
qas: question: zh_tw: 聖誕節期間發生了什麼事？
en: What happens during Christmas?
answers: zh_tw: text: 銷售會發生戲劇性的增長
en: text: Sales increase dramatically
書法
Calligraphy

context: zh_tw: 書法仍常使用在喜帖及邀請函、字型設計及字型排印學、原創手寫字母或字的標誌設計、宗教藝術、公告、圖案設計及書法藝術、石刻題字及紀念文獻等。書法也常用在電影及電視的道具或動態影象、推薦信、出生證明書、死亡證明書、地圖等場合。
en: Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument,  brush, or other writing instruments. A contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious, and skillful manner".Modern calligraphy ranges from functional inscriptions and designs to fine-art pieces where the letters may or may not be readable. Classical calligraphy differs from typography and non-classical hand-lettering, though a calligrapher may practice both.Calligraphy continues to flourish in the forms of wedding invitations and event invitations, font design and typography, original hand-lettered logo design, religious art, announcements, graphic design and commissioned calligraphic art, cut stone inscriptions, and memorial documents. It is also used for props and moving images for film and television, and also for testimonials, birth and death certificates, maps, and other written works.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼持續繁榮？
en: what keeps on flourishing?
answers: zh_tw: text: 書法
en: text: Calligraphy

question: zh_tw: 書法還可以用在什麼地方？
en: What was calligraphy also used for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 電影及電視的道具或動態影象、推薦信、出生證明書、死亡證明書、地圖等場合
en: text: props and moving images for film and television, and also for testimonials, birth and death certificates, maps, and other written works
錯誤的喜劇
The Comedy of Errors

context: zh_tw: 錯誤的喜劇（英語：Comedy of Errors）是莎士比亞早期的作品之一。這是莎士比亞作品中，最短和最滑稽的喜劇之一，戲中主要的幽默是來自於誇張的肢體動作和身分的混淆，加上雙關語和文字遊戲的運用所構成。 錯誤的喜劇是唯一的兩個依據三一律所寫的莎士比亞劇本的其中一篇。此劇本被應用在歌劇、戲劇、電影和音樂劇。錯誤的喜劇故事內容是在講兩對長相完全一模一樣的雙胞胎意外地在出生後因為船難而相互分離。小安提勒斯跟他的僕人小卓蜜歐為了尋找失散的親人而來到以弗所，最終竟是他們雙胞胎哥哥們的生長地，大安提勒斯和大卓蜜歐。當小安提勒斯遇到以弗所島上的人時，一連串搞笑的事情隨之發生，因為他們彼此完全一樣的長相使當地的人們無法區別誰是誰。因此，彼此身分的混淆造成許多搞笑的錯誤。
en: The Comedy of Errors is one of William Shakespeare's early plays. It is his shortest and one of his most farcical comedies, with a major part of the humour coming from slapstick and mistaken identity, in addition to puns and word play. The Comedy of Errors is, along with The Tempest, one of only two Shakespearean plays to observe the Aristotelian principle of unity of time—that is, that the events of a play should occur over 24 hours. It has been adapted for opera, stage, screen and musical theatre numerous times worldwide. In the centuries following its premiere, the play's title has entered the popular English lexicon as an idiom for "an event or series of events made ridiculous by the number of errors that were made throughout".Set in the Greek city of Ephesus, The Comedy of Errors tells the story of two sets of identical twins who were accidentally separated at birth. Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant, Dromio of Syracuse, arrive in Ephesus, which turns out to be the home of their twin brothers, Antipholus of Ephesus and his servant, Dromio of Ephesus. When the Syracusans encounter the friends and families of their twins, a series of wild mishaps based on mistaken identities lead to wrongful beatings, a near-seduction, the arrest of Antipholus of Ephesus, and false accusations of infidelity, theft, madness, and demonic possession.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這媒介被改編成什麼？
en: what has this medium been adapted to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 歌劇、戲劇、電影和音樂劇
en: text: opera, stage, screen and musical theatre

question: zh_tw: 小安提勒斯和小卓蜜歐一起到哪裡去？
en: Where did Antipholus of Syracuse go to together?
answers: zh_tw: text: 以弗所
en: text: Ephesus
正則表示式

context: zh_tw: 1950 年代，數學家斯蒂芬・科爾・克萊尼利用稱之為「正則集合」的數學符號來描述此模型。肯・湯普遜將此符號系統引入編輯器 QED，隨後是 Unix 上的編輯器 ed，並最終引入 grep。自此以後，正則表示式被廣泛地應用於各種 Unix 或類 Unix 系統的工具中。正則表示式的 POSIX 規範，分為基本型正則表示式（Basic Regular Expression，BRE）和擴充套件型正則表示式（Extended Regular Express，ERE）兩大流派。在相容 POSIX 的 UNIX 系統上，grep 和 egrep 之類的工具都遵循 POSIX 規範，一些資料庫系統中的正則表示式也符合 POSIX 規範。grep、vi、sed 都屬於 BRE，是歷史最早的正則表示式，因此元字元必須轉譯之後才具有特殊含義。egrep、awk 則屬於 ERE，元字元不用轉譯
qas: question: zh_tw: Stephen Kleene 在從事什麼型別的工作？
en: What type of job did Stephen Kleene have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 數學家

context: zh_tw: 圓括號 () 可以用來定義運算子的範圍和優先度。例如，gr (a|e) y 等價於 gray|grey，(grand)?father 匹配 father 和 grandfather。上述這些構造子都可以自由組合，因此 H (ae?|ä) ndel 和 H (a|ae|ä) ndel 是相同的。
qas: question: zh_tw: 豎線可以分開的兩個單詞是什麼？
en: What are two words a vertical bar can separate?
answers: zh_tw: text: gray|grey
黃金大米
Golden rice

context: zh_tw: 黃金大米有望解決世界欠發達國家維生素 A 缺乏現象。2005 年，全球有 122 個國家的 1.9 億兒童和 0.19 億孕婦缺乏維生素 A。每年導致 1-2 百萬人死亡，五十萬例永久失明，和數百萬乾眼症一些國家透過口服維生素 A 藥劑來緩解這一問題。但有些國家沒有這種營養補充專案，許多這些國家的兒童以稻米為主食因此轉基因稻米就成為一種方便連結的補充維生素 A 的手段，就像透過碘鹽預防碘缺乏症一樣。在中國的違規實驗中，與很多人理解不同，那是一個轉化性實驗，而不是安全性試驗。此次僅是兒童轉化性試驗。在美國，由於食物結構不同，人群（包括兒童）一般不缺乏維生素 A，而黃金大米的研發初衷就是為解決維生素 A 缺乏的人群（尤其是兒童）提供幫助，因此必須做目標人群的轉化性實驗，即有效性實驗。這就是該次實驗的目標所在。如果這一專案正確實施並取得成果的話，正是貧困地區的人群。尤其是兒童將獲得巨大益處。但由於實驗中存在違規因素，導致實驗的不合理性，這就是很多人抨擊用中國山區兒童做實驗的原因。整個試驗過程是第 0 天的午餐吃了 60 克黃金大米，然後分別在第 1、3、7、14、21 天抽血查胡蘿蔔素轉化成維生素 A 的情況。
en: The research that led to golden rice was conducted with the goal of helping children who suffer from vitamin A deficiency (VAD). In 2005, 190 million children and 19 million pregnant women, in 122 countries, were estimated to be affected by VAD. VAD is responsible for 1–2 million deaths, 500,000 cases of irreversible blindness and millions of cases of xerophthalmia annually. Children and pregnant women are at highest risk. Vitamin A is supplemented orally and by injection in areas where the diet is deficient in vitamin A.
qas: question: zh_tw: 維生素 A 缺乏症每年導致多少人死亡？
en: How many deaths does VAD cause per year?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1-2 百萬
en: text: 1–2 million
亞利桑那州
Arizona

context: zh_tw: 亞利桑那州（英語：Arizona，/ɛərᵻˈzoʊnə, ærᵻ-/）是美國一個位於西南部的州份，同時也是西部和山區州份之一。此州是美國第 6 大及人口第 14 大的州份。首府和最大城市是鳳凰城。亞利桑那州也是四角落州之一，與新墨西哥州、猶他州、內華達州、加利福尼亞州與墨西哥接壤，以及其中一點與科羅拉多州西南角接觸。亞利桑那州與墨西哥的邊界長 389 英哩，位於墨西哥索諾拉州和下加利福尼亞州邊界北面。
en: Arizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個城市是亞利桑那州最大的城市和州首府？
en: what city is both the largest city and the state capital of Arizona?
answers: zh_tw: text: 鳳凰城
en: text: Phoenix
尼爾・阿姆斯特朗

context: zh_tw: 阿姆斯特朗和珍妮特育有三個孩子：埃裡克（Eric）、凱倫（Karen）和馬克（Mark）。1961 年 6 月，唯一的女兒凱倫的腦幹中發現惡性腫瘤，X 光治療對腫瘤起到了抑制作用，但她的語言能力和行走能力則完全喪失。1962 年 1 月 28 日，阿姆斯特朗的結婚紀念日當天，凱倫因肺炎去世。
qas: question: zh_tw: 凱倫何時被診斷出癌症？
en: When was Karen diagnosed with cancer?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1961 年 6 月

context: zh_tw: 從普渡大學畢業後，阿姆斯特朗決定當一名試飛員。他向愛德華空軍基地（Edwards Air Force Base）的德萊頓飛行研究中心（Dryden Flight Research Center）遞交了申請，但當時沒有名額，他被安排到了克里夫蘭的格倫研究中心（Glenn Research Center），1955 年 2 月正式開始試飛的工作。五個月後，阿姆斯特朗去了愛德華空軍基地，在愛德華空軍基地的第一天，阿姆斯特朗就被安排了飛行任務。他的前幾次任務是駕駛改裝的轟炸機投放跟蹤機。
qas: question: zh_tw: 阿姆斯特朗大學畢業後的第一份工作是什麼？
en: What was Neil Armstrong's first job after college?
answers: zh_tw: text: 當一名試飛員

question: zh_tw: 誰第一天駕駛跟蹤機？
en: Who piloted chase planes on the first day?
answers: zh_tw: text: 阿姆斯特朗

context: zh_tw: 宇航員辦公室中的一些人認為阿姆斯特朗犯了大錯，甚至還提到他不是軍人這一細節。宇航員瓦爾特・康尼翰在他的自傳《全美國男孩》（The All-American Boys）中提到阿姆斯特朗和斯科特完全忽視了這種情況下的應對方案。這其實是不真實的；沒有這方面的規則。康尼翰還錯誤地認為當時阿姆斯特朗可以只打開返回控制系統中的一部分；其實他當時沒有選擇，只能全部開啟。康尼翰是當時不多的嚴肅批評阿姆斯特朗和斯科特的行為的人之一。指揮中心負責人金・克蘭茲（Gene Kranz）在他的自傳《永不言敗》（Failure Is Not An Option）中說道：“兩位宇航員是按照訓練步驟做的。我們的訓練有誤，使得他們出錯。” 任務決策人沒意識到兩個航天器對接後必須作為一個整體來對待。
qas: question: zh_tw: 多少個航天器被考慮到了？
en: How many spacecraft st be considered?
answers: zh_tw: text: 兩個

context: zh_tw: 1967 年 1 月 27 日，阿姆斯特朗與戈爾登・庫勃、理查德・戈爾登、吉姆・洛威爾和斯科特・卡彭特一道在華盛頓參加了《外空條約》（Outer Space Treaty）的簽署儀式。晚上 6 點 45 分，卡彭特去了機場，其他四人返回了酒店。在酒店的電話留言裡他們得知了阿波羅 1 號的大火以及維吉爾・格里森、愛德華・懷特和羅傑・查菲犧牲的訊息。四人留在了酒店內，一晚上都在談論這次事故，借酒澆愁。
qas: question: zh_tw: 他們得知了什麼？
en: What did they learn about?
answers: zh_tw: text: 維吉爾・格里森、愛德華・懷特和羅傑・查菲犧牲的訊息

context: zh_tw: 2005 年 5 月，阿姆斯特朗與為他服務二十年之久的理髮師產生了衝突；俄亥俄州黎巴嫩的馬克思・塞茲莫爾（Marx Sizemore）在阿姆斯特朗不知情的情況下將他的頭髮賣給了一位收藏家，售價達三千美元。阿姆斯特朗威脅塞茲莫爾，如果不能要回頭髮或者將所得捐給慈善機構的話，他將訴諸法律。塞茲莫爾沒能要回頭髮，只好向阿姆斯特朗指定的慈善機構捐贈了三千美元。
qas: question: zh_tw: 如果不能要回頭髮，阿姆斯特朗打算起訴的人叫什麼名字？\n
en: What was the name of the person who Armstrong was going to sue if the hair was not given back?
answers: zh_tw: text: 塞茲莫爾
胰腺炎
Pancreatitis

context: zh_tw: 80％的胰腺炎是由於攝入酒精過多和膽結石，膽結石是一種最常見的急性胰腺炎的病因。酒精是一種最常見的慢性胰腺炎的病因。其他常見的原因包括外傷、腮腺炎、自身免疫性疾病、蠍子蜇傷、高血鈣、血中甘油三酯高、低溫。胰腺分裂的胰腺，可依據一些經常性的情況下，是一種常見的先天性畸形。懷孕可以是一個原因，可能是因為懷孕導致血中甘油三酯升高。
en: Other common causes include trauma, autoimmune disease, high blood calcium, hypothermia, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Pancreas divisum is a common congenital malformation of the pancreas that may underlie some recurrent cases. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is associated with a 2.8-fold higher risk.Less common causes include pancreatic cancer, pancreatic duct stones, vasculitis (inflammation of the small blood vessels in the pancreas), and porphyria—particularly acute intermittent porphyria and erythropoietic protoporphyria.
qas: question: zh_tw: 胰腺分裂在哪裡發生？
en: Where does pancrease divisum take place?
answers: zh_tw: text: 胰
en: text: pancreas
伊斯蘭教詞彙列表
Glossary of Islam

context: zh_tw: 要把伊斯蘭教的意思從專屬阿拉伯文化的概念或語言區分出來可以是十分困難。許多阿拉伯詞彙同時有世俗及伊斯蘭教相關的意思，達瓦是其中一個例子。就像所有的語言一樣，阿拉伯語的用語在不同語境下有不同的意思，伊斯蘭本身就是一個很好的例子。
en: Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of dawah. Arabic, like all languages, contains words whose meanings differ across various contexts. The word Islam is itself a good example.
qas: question: zh_tw: 很多阿拉伯概念有哪兩個意思？
en: Many Arabian concepts have what two meanings?
answers: zh_tw: text: 阿拉伯詞彙同時有世俗及伊斯蘭教相關的意思
en: text: Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning
各國人均國內生產總值列表 (國際匯率)
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita

context: zh_tw: 比較國家財富也經常以購買力平價（PPP）作為基礎，來調整各國不同的生活費用（詳見各國人均國內生產總值列表 (購買力平價)）。購買力平價，主要是刪除了匯率的問題，但有它自己的缺點。它並不反映經濟總量在國際貿易中的價值，比起來人均國內生產總值，它也需要更多的估計數字。因此沒有人均國內生產總值使用得更為廣泛。
en: Comparisons of national income are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries. (See List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.) PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem but not others; it does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than GDP per capita. On the whole, PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than nominal GDP per capita figures.
qas: question: zh_tw: 購買力平價唯一解決的問題是什麼？
en: What is the only problem that PPP solves?
answers: zh_tw: text: 匯率的問題
en: text: the exchange rate problem
反射 (物理學)
Reflection (physics)

context: zh_tw: 在聲學方面，反射會引起回聲，這在聲納上得到很好應用。在地質學方面，研究地震波時，反射是十分重要的部分。反射可以在水體的面波上被觀察到，也可以在包括可見光和紅外光在內的多種電磁波上被觀測到。甚高頻以及更高頻的波的反射對於無線電傳輸和雷達十分重要。甚至硬 X 射線和伽馬射線在角度較淺時，也可以被 “擦邊” 鏡反射。
en: In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼可以導致聲音被多次聽到？
en: What can cause a sound to be heard multiple times?
answers: zh_tw: text: 反射
en: text: reflection

question: zh_tw: 在地質學領域，從哪方面來研究反射？
en: Reflection is studied in geology in what way?
answers: zh_tw: text: 研究地震波
en: text: the study of seismic waves
2014 年歐霸盃決賽
2014 UEFA Europa League Final

context: zh_tw: 2014 年歐霸杯決賽於 2014 年 5 月 14 日在義大利都靈的尤文圖斯球場舉行，以決定 2013–14 年歐霸杯冠軍誰屬。這也是從歐洲足協盃改制後的第五屆歐洲聯賽的決賽。這次決賽是葡超的本菲卡對上西甲的塞維亞，兩隊在經過 90 分鐘正規賽及 30 分中延長賽仍以 0-0 平手，最終塞維亞在 PK 大戰中以 4–2 擊敗本菲卡，贏得當屆冠軍。塞維亞此次為第三次奪冠，這是塞維亞在八年內三度奪得歐洲聯賽冠軍，前兩次分別為 2006 年與 2007 年。憑藉著此次勝利，塞維亞與尤文圖斯、國際米蘭、利物浦同為奪冠次數最多的球隊（三次）。本菲卡連續兩屆打進決賽，但最後都以亞軍收場，這也是自 1983 年歐洲足協盃決賽以來，三次打進決賽都以亞軍收場的球隊，以及歐洲聯賽亞軍最多的球隊（三次）。
en: The 2014 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League, the 43rd season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the fifth season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It was played at the Juventus Stadium in Turin, Italy on 14 May 2014, between Spanish side Sevilla and Portuguese side Benfica. Sevilla won the match 4–2 on penalties, following a 0–0 draw after extra time.Sevilla secured their third title in eight years, after winning the competition in 2006 and 2007. With this triumph, they joined Juventus (1977, 1990, 1993), Internazionale (1991, 1994, 1998) and Liverpool (1973, 1976, 2001) as the teams with the most wins. Benfica lost their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final, following their defeat against Chelsea in the 2013 final. Including their runner-up finish in 1983, Benfica are the team with the most lost finals in the competition.
qas: question: zh_tw: 2014 年歐足聯歐洲聯賽決賽在哪個球場舉行？
en: What stadium was the 2014 UEFA Europa League Final played?
answers: zh_tw: text: 尤文圖斯球場
en: text: Juventus Stadium
合成纖維
Synthetic fiber

context: zh_tw: 合成纖維（英語：Synthetic fiber）是科學家廣泛研究改進天然存在的動物和植物纖維的結果。通常，合成纖維透過將纖維形成材料透過噴絲板擠出到空氣和水中，形成一條線而產生。在開發合成纖維之前，人造纖維是被從石化產品獲得的聚合物製成。這些纖維被稱為合成或人造纖維。一部分纖維是由植物來源的纖維素製造。常見成品有尼龍、奧綸等。
en: Synthetic fibers (British English: synthetic fibres) are fibers made by humans with chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that humans get from living organisms with little or no chemical changes. They are the result of extensive research by scientists to improve on naturally occurring animal fibers and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by extruding fiber-forming materials through spinnerets, forming a fibre. These fibers are called synthetic or artificial fibers.Synthetic fibres are created by a process known as polymerisation which includes combining monomers to make a long chain or polymer.The word polymer comes from a Greek prefix "poly" which means "many" and suffix "mer" which means "single units".(Note:each single units of a polymer is called monomer).Polymerisation are of two types:linear polymerisation and Cross-linked polymerisation. Example are Rayon, Nylon and Polyester.
qas: question: zh_tw: 用什麼來壓制形成纖維的材料？
en: What are used to extrude fiber-forming materials?
answers: zh_tw: text: 噴絲板
en: text: spinnerets

context: zh_tw: 第一種合成纖維尼龍是在 1930 年代由華萊士・卡羅瑟斯開發，當時他是杜邦化學公司的一名美國研究員。它很快在美國出現，作為絲綢的替代品，剛好在第二次世界大戰期間引入配給。它作為女性絲襪材料的新穎用途掩蓋了更多的實際用途，如用降落傘和其他軍用用途的替代品，例如繩子。
en: The first successful process was developed in 1894 by English chemist Charles Frederick Cross, and his collaborators Edward John Bevan and Clayton Beadle. They named the fiber "viscose", because the reaction product of carbon disulfide and cellulose in basic conditions gave a highly viscous solution of xanthate. The first commercial viscose rayon was produced by the UK company Courtaulds in 1905. The name "rayon" was adopted in 1924, with "viscose" being used for the viscous organic liquid used to make both rayon and cellophane. A similar product known as cellulose acetate was discovered in 1865. Rayon and acetate are both artificial fibers, but not truly synthetic, being made from wood.Nylon, the first synthetic fiber in the "fully synthetic" sense of that term, was developed by Wallace Carothers, an American researcher at the chemical firm DuPont in the 1930s. It soon made its debut in the United States as a replacement for silk, just in time for the introduction of rationing during World War II. Its novel use as a material for women's stockings overshadowed more practical uses, such as a replacement for the silk in parachutes and other military uses like ropes.
qas: question: zh_tw: 尼龍首次問世是作為什麼材料的替代品？
en: Nylon debuted as a replacement for what material?
answers: zh_tw: text: 絲綢
en: text: silk
亞歷山大港

context: zh_tw: 隨著希臘化時代的到來以及伊斯蘭的興起，關於亞歷山大港的各種故事亦流傳至阿拉伯伊斯蘭世界。在中世紀阿拉伯歷史學家如馬蘇第的著作裡，記載曾有海中的怪物阻撓亞歷山大在此建城，因此亞歷山大製造一座玻璃鐘下到海底擊敗怪物，後來他又在海邊立金屬像來嚇阻侵擾。但早在 14 世紀便有史家如伊本・赫勒敦指出這些故事是不合事實的。亞歷山大在此建城的目的是在瑙克拉提斯邊在埃及建立一個希臘人的中心作為希臘與富饒的尼羅河谷之間的聯絡。當時在埃及只有一個地方提供建立這樣一座城市的條件：亞歷山大港位於法老島的後面，又不受尼羅河口淤泥的阻礙。當時當地已有一個埃及的小城，這座小城主要是漁人和海盜的居地。據歷史學家記載此後還有五個分散的小村。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個城市在建立後很久才被發現？
en: Which city was found to have activity long before it was actually founded?
answers: zh_tw: text: 亞歷山大港

context: zh_tw: 古城保留到今天的遺蹟很少。由於地震造成的地面降低，王宮和居民區的大部分地區下沉到今天的港口內，其他遺蹟被今天的建築覆蓋。“龐貝柱” 是今天遺留下來的最著名的遺蹟。它本來立在亞歷山大的祭祀廟中，今天這是一座阿拉伯墓地附近的小丘。它有 30 米高，柱子由磨光的紅花崗岩組成，基部直徑約 3 米，頂部約 2.5 米。不過它與龐貝毫無關係，而是於 293 年由戴克裡先樹立的，之所以被稱為龐貝柱是因為誤傳柱頂的空缺是用來盛放龐貝的遺體而得名。祭祀廟下是阿匹斯神廟的遺蹟，其雕刻的牆內的小空間可能被古代的圖書館用作貯藏室。龐貝柱附近還經常可以看到毀壞的神廟遺留下來的碎石和瓷片。而遠處則用圍欄圈起一些儲存比較完好的石柱，陶瓷等雕刻。卡拉卡拉廟的損壞比較嚴重，室內的壁畫等裝飾已經幾乎看不到了，玻璃樽內盛放的遺骨曾經一度被考古人員認為是在卡拉卡拉對的命令下遭屠殺的當地人的遺骨，後被證明只是當地馬匹們用來陪葬的遺骨，裡面只有一具人類的骨架。
qas: question: zh_tw: 包括它下面的基座，龐貝柱有多高？
en: How tall is Pompey's Pillar, including the pedestal it stands on?
answers: zh_tw: text: 它有 30 米高
克赫歷程
Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism

context: zh_tw: 克赫歷程（英語：Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism）是天文學事件，發生在恆星或行星表面冷卻時。冷卻的結果，造成恆星與行星的降壓，並且以收縮來補償。這種壓縮，相對的加熱了恆星 / 行星的核心。這種歷程在木星和土星，還有核心溫度不夠高，不足以引發核融合的棕矮星上非常明顯。估計木星就是透過這個機制才使他能釋放出比從太陽吸收到更多的能量，但是土星可能沒有。
en: The Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism is an astronomical process that occurs when the surface of a star or a planet cools. The cooling causes the pressure to drop, and the star or planet shrinks as a result. This compression, in turn, heats the core of the star/planet. This mechanism is evident on Jupiter and Saturn and on brown dwarfs whose central temperatures are not high enough to undergo nuclear fusion. It is estimated that Jupiter radiates more energy through this mechanism than it receives from the Sun, but Saturn might not. The latter process causes Jupiter to shrink at a rate of two centimetres each year.The mechanism was originally proposed by Kelvin and Helmholtz in the late nineteenth century to explain the source of energy of the Sun. By the mid-nineteenth century, conservation of energy had been accepted, and one consequence of this law of physics is that the Sun must have some energy source to continue to shine.  Because nuclear reactions were unknown, the main candidate for the source of solar energy was gravitational contraction.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這種機制可以在哪兩顆行星上找到？
en: Which two planets can this mechanism be found on?
answers: zh_tw: text: 木星和土星
en: text: Jupiter and Saturn
丹尼・丹尼爾斯
Dani Daniels

context: zh_tw: 丹尼爾斯出生在美國加州的橙縣。她擁有捷克、英國和德國血統。在高中她是一個運動員，排球、壘球、足球、美式橄欖球、高爾夫、田徑和網球都在她的涉獵範圍之內。 她進入了藝術學校學習了將近兩年，但之後退學。
en: Dani Daniels is from Orange County, California. She is of Czech, English, and German descent. She was raised by two mothers. She attended an art school for about two years, but dropped out.
qas: question: zh_tw: 她上的是什麼型別的學校？
en: What type of school did she attend?
answers: zh_tw: text: 藝術學校
en: text: art
聖克里斯托瓦爾 - 德拉拉古納
San Cristóbal de La Laguna

context: zh_tw: 聖克里斯托瓦爾 - 德拉拉古納（西班牙語：San Cristóbal de La Laguna），簡稱為拉拉古納（La Laguna），是西班牙加那利群島聖克魯斯 - 德特內里費省特內里費島北部的一座城市。該市是加那利群島的第三大城市，特內里費島的第二大城市。拉拉古納毗鄰聖克魯斯 - 德特內里費市，兩市形成一個大的城市中心。
en: San Cristóbal de La Laguna (commonly known as La Laguna, Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ kɾisˈtoβal de la laˈɣuna]) is a city and municipality in the northern part of the island of Tenerife in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, on the Canary Islands (Spain). The city is the third-most populous city of the archipelago and the second-most populous city of the island. La Laguna's historical center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999. In 2003 the municipality started an ambitious Urban Plan to renew this area, that was carried out by the firm AUC S.L. (Arquitectura Urbanismo y Cooperación). The city was the ancient capital of the Canary Islands. La Laguna lies right alongside the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, thus the two cities and municipalities form a single large urban center, linked by tram.The city is home to the University of La Laguna which is home to 30,000 students; these are not included in the population figures for the city. La Laguna is considered to be the cultural capital of the Canary Islands. Also there is in the habit of being calling the "Ciudad de los Adelantados", for having been the first university city of the archipelago.
qas: question: zh_tw: 聖克里斯托瓦爾 - 德拉拉古納哪裡人口最多？
en: where is San Cristobal de la laguna most populous?
answers: zh_tw: text: 聖克魯斯 - 德特內里費省特內里費島
en: text: the island
薩莉・萊德

context: zh_tw: 她高中在洛杉磯聯合學區和西湖女子學校學習並獲得獎學金。除了對科學感興趣，她還曾是一位網球選手，從 10 歲起就開始練習打網球，也想成為一名職業運動員，但最終放棄。在斯沃斯莫爾學院學習了三個學期後，又在加州大學洛杉磯分校學習物理課程，而後進入史丹佛大學，獲得物理及英文學士學位，隨後獲得物理學碩士學位和博士學位，主要研究天體物理學和自由電子鐳射物理學。
qas: question: zh_tw: 萊德名列全國哪種運動排名？
en: What sport was Ride nationally ranked in?
answers: zh_tw: text: 網球

context: zh_tw: 1984 年她的第二次太空飛行也是挑戰者號任務。她在太空的時間超過 343 小時。萊德在完成 8 個月的訓練後，準備參加她的第三次飛行（STS-61-M，一個 TDRS 部署任務），後因挑戰者號太空梭失事而中斷。隨後她被任命為羅傑斯委員會（總統調查事故委員會）領導小組的成員。調查結束之後，萊德被分配到總部設在華盛頓特區的國家航空航天局，在那裡她帶領美國航空航天局進行了第一個戰略計劃工作，撰寫了題為 “美國航空航天局的領導和美國在太空的未來” 的報告，並建立了美國宇航局探索辦公室。
qas: question: zh_tw: STS-41G 哪一年上太空？
en: Which year STS-41G send to space?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1984

question: zh_tw: 羅傑斯委員會之後，萊德被任命到哪裡？
en: Where was Ride assigned after Challenger?
answers: zh_tw: text: 華盛頓特區的國家航空航天局

context: zh_tw: 1987 年，萊德離開華盛頓來到斯坦福大學國際安全和軍備控制中心工作。1989 年，她成為加州大學聖地牙哥分校的物理學教授並指導加州太空研究所。從 90 年代中期直到她去世，萊德與美國航天局噴氣推進實驗室和加州大學聖地牙哥分校合作領導了兩次 NASA 的公眾宣傳計劃 -ISS EarthKAM 和 GRAIL MoonKAM 專案。該專案允許中學生徵求地球和月球影象。1999 年，她參與了電視劇《天使在人間》第五季的演出。2003 年，她被任命為哥倫比亞太空梭事故調查委員會的一員。她是薩莉・萊德科技公司的執行長，該公司創立於 2001 年，致力於建立有趣的科學方案和出版物來吸引上小學和初中的學生，特別是女孩。
qas: question: zh_tw: 萊德離職後在哪裡找到工作？
en: Where did Ride gain employment after leaving her position?
answers: zh_tw: text: 加州大學聖地牙哥分校

context: zh_tw: 2012 年 7 月 23 日，在與疾病鬥爭了 17 個月後，萊德因胰臟癌過世，享年 61 歲。火化後，她的骨灰被安葬在加利福尼亞州聖莫尼卡 Woodlawn 公墓她的父親旁邊。
qas: question: zh_tw: 她的骨灰被安葬在哪裡？
en: Where were her ashes palced?
answers: zh_tw: text: 她的骨灰被安葬在加利福尼亞州聖莫尼卡 Woodlawn 公墓她的父親旁邊。

question: zh_tw: 萊德死於哪種疾病？
en: What disease did Ride die of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 胰臟癌
管筒狀乳房
Tuberous breasts

context: zh_tw: 乳房發育的先天性畸形。這種病變會同時影響男性及女性（見發育不全），而受影響的可以只是單邊乳房，又或是兩邊也受影響。這種病變源於青春期時乳房發育受阻，使乳房無法正常發育至完全。具體來說，這問題的具體成因依然不明，但在 2011 年的一項對患有管筒狀乳房的男性及女性的胸部細胞組織的研究發現：這病變可能與一種膠原蛋白沉積障礙有基因方面的關聯。這病變的女性患者一般會透過隆胸來修正畸形發育的乳房，估算尋求隆胸的病人有 1% 到 5% 是管筒狀乳房的患者，但統計無法推算未有尋求隆胸的患者所佔的比例。
en: Tuberous breasts (or tubular breasts) are a result of a congenital abnormality of the breasts which can occur in both men and women (also see Hypoplasia), one breast or both. During puberty breast development is stymied and the breasts fail to develop normally and fully. The exact cause of this is as yet unclear, however, a study in 2011 of the cells in the breasts of both males and females with tubular breasts suggested a genetic link in a disorder of collagen deposition. The condition is thought to affect one to five per cent of breast augmentation patients; however, the proportion of the general population affected is unknown as surgery is not always sought.
qas: question: zh_tw: 那些患有結節性乳房的人在生命的哪個階段乳房發育受阻？
en: Those who suffer from tuberous breasts have their breast development stymied during what stage of life?
answers: zh_tw: text: 青春期
en: text: puberty
多明尼加

context: zh_tw: 多明尼加國內有四大主要山脈。Cordillera Septentrional（北部山脈）是從西北邊海地邊界的基度山城往西，成平行線的方式延伸到東北部的山美納半島.Cordillera Central（中央山脈）從多國西邊的海地延伸到西班牙島的中部，偏向南邊後逐漸平緩，中央山脈中的杜華德山頂（3,098 公尺）、La Pelona（3,094 公尺）、La Rucilla（3,049 公尺）和 Pico Yaque（亞蓋山頂 2,760 公尺），為加勒比海安地利斯列群島中最高的四座山。另位於多明尼加南邊還分別還有 Neiba 山脈和 Bahoruco 山脈。
qas: question: zh_tw: 皮科杜阿爾特山位於海平面以上多少米？
en: How many meteres above sea level is the Pico Duarte?
answers: zh_tw: text: Central（中央山脈）從多國西邊的海地延伸到西班牙島的中部，偏向南邊後逐漸平緩，中央山脈中的杜華德山頂（3,098 公尺）、La

question: zh_tw: 那中央山脈在哪個國家？
en: What country is the Cordillera Central in?
answers: zh_tw: text: 多明尼加國

context: zh_tw: 多明尼加為一個總統制國家，採取三權分立。總統身兼國家元首與最高行政首長，任命內閣，統領行政權併為全國三軍統帥，總統副總統四年一任。多明尼加議會分為參、眾兩院，參議院 32 席，眾議院 178 席，立法權屬於議會。國家的司法權屬於各級法院。
qas: question: zh_tw: 國家立法由多少席參議院成員組成？
en: How many senate members is the national legislation composed of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 32

context: zh_tw: 除了美國本土球員外，美國職棒大聯盟球員中最多的國外球員就是多明尼加。其中包括最有名的紐約洋基艾力克斯・羅德里格斯、洛杉磯天使艾力士・羅德里奎茲、波士頓紅襪大衛・歐提茲、洛杉磯道奇亨利・拉米瑞茲、西雅圖水手羅賓森・坎諾，退役傳奇球星包含曼尼・拉米瑞茲、佩卓・馬丁尼茲、弗拉迪米爾・葛雷諾等。2007 年美國職棒票選最有價值球員前四名選手當中，來自多明尼加的選手就佔了三名。多明尼加每年出口棒球選手甚多，每年都有新秀選手在美國發光。
qas: question: zh_tw: 薩米・索薩和曼尼・拉米瑞茲來自哪個國家？
en: Where are baseball players Sammy Sosa and Manny Ramirez from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 多明尼加
海防市
Haiphong

context: zh_tw: 海防市位於紅河三角洲上，北與廣寧省交界，東臨北部灣（越南稱為東京灣），西距河內 104 公里。市區沿禁江左岸向兩頭延伸，除了陸地部分外，還包括一部分海島，如白龍尾島和葛婆島等等，有 100 多公里的海岸線。
en: Haiphong is a coastal city located at the mouth of the Cấm River (Cấm River), in Vietnam's north-eastern coastal area, 120 km east of Hanoi. The Bính Bridge crosses the Cam and connects the city with Thủy Nguyên District.  It has a total natural area of 152,318.49ha (2001). It borders Quảng Ninh Province to the north, Hải Dương Province to the west, Thái Bình Province to the south, and the Gulf of Tonkin to the east. Bach Long Vi island, Cat Ba Island and the Long Châu islands, located in the Gulf, are also administered as part of the city.
qas: question: zh_tw: 海防市在哪裡？
en: where is Haiphong located?
answers: zh_tw: text: 東京灣
en: text: mouth of the Cấm River