巴斯通戰役
Siege of Bastogne

context: zh_tw: 在諾曼底戰役取得成功和隨後向東透過法國推進後，盟軍的戰線從北面的奈梅亨延伸至南面的中立國瑞士。 在前進中寶貴的港口城市安特衛普被佔領及之後冬天來臨，盟軍甚至控制了靠近德國境內的城市亞琛。 阿道夫・希特勒很快制定了一個計劃以攻擊在比利時的盟軍戰線，計劃出動 55 個師透過阿登地區對盟軍發動突然襲擊，目的是渡過默茲河以奪回安特衛普。儘管他的高階指揮官包括格爾德・馮・倫德施泰特和瓦爾特・莫德爾表示疑慮，該計劃並沒有被修改，最終進攻日期被定於 1944 年 12 月 16 日。與此同時，盟軍指揮官認為阿登地區不適合於德軍發動大規模進攻，原因主要是地形問題。此外，情報報告表明，駐紮在該地區唯一的德軍師十分疲憊，在進攻前的幾個星期，沒有任何盟軍指揮官看到有理由相信攻擊是迫在眉睫。巴斯通是在該地區重要的公路樞紐城市，主要由美軍第 28 步兵師防守，該師從 7 月 22 日至 11 月 19 日已連續奮戰，所以被調派至這個相對安靜的區域進行休整。盟軍認為在第 28 步兵師面前只有 1 個步兵師與之對峙，他們相信任何沿著這個地區的攻擊規模將是有限的。在比利時的巴斯通鎮，有 7 條道路進入和 7 條道路進出該小鎮。這些道路對德軍的裝甲部隊行動十分重要，使盟軍勢必全力保衛這些道路。
en: After the successful invasion of Normandy and the subsequent eastward push through France, the Allied front lines extended from Nijmegen in the north down to neutral Switzerland in the south. The valuable port city of Antwerp had been captured during the push, and by the time winter arrived, the Allies even had control of German territory near the city of Aachen. Adolf Hitler soon laid out a plan to attack the Allied lines in Belgium and Luxembourg; 25 divisions would launch a surprise attack through the Ardennes, with the aim of crossing the Meuse River (called Maas in German and Dutch) and recapturing Antwerp. Despite major misgivings from his senior commanders, including Gerd von Rundstedt and Walther Model, the plan was not modified and the jump-off date was eventually set as 16 December 1944. Meanwhile, the Allied commanders considered the Ardennes area to be unsuitable for a large-scale German attack, mainly because of terrain issues. In addition, intelligence reports suggested that the only German divisions stationed in the area were weary, and in the weeks leading up to the assault, no Allied commander saw reason to believe that an attack was imminent. Bastogne, a hub city that commanded several important roads in the area, was defended mainly by the 28th Infantry Division, which had seen continuous fighting from 22 July to 19 November, before being assigned to this relatively quiet area. The Allies believed only an infantry division was present opposite the 28th Infantry, and they believed any attack along this sector would be limited in scale. The seven roads in and out of Bastogne were critical to the movement of German armor, making Allied retention of the roads imperative.
qas: question: zh_tw: 盟軍什麼時候最終進入德國領土？
en: When did the Allies finally push into German territory?
answers: zh_tw: text: 冬天
en: text: winter

context: zh_tw: 12 月 19 日，美軍第 28 步兵師指揮所從東南面的大村莊伍茲轉移到巴斯通。在伍茲，該師不再後撤，而該師的第 110 團第 3 營在師部隊配屬的裝甲兵和砲兵支援下，於那天中午到達該鎮周圍。 第 44 工兵營駐守在該鎮北面，但他們很快就被德軍圍攻並支援不住而撤退到鎮內，但在此同時也炸燬了原先所防衛的一座橋樑。這批小部隊總人數不超過 500 人。直到晚上，當他們的陣地受到龐大的德軍攻擊壓力後，他們撤退到西面。並加入第 110 步兵團作為一個有效的作戰單位，直到數日後遭到嚴重損失後，他們被臨時併入其他盟軍單位以防守巴斯通。
en: On 19 December, the 28th Division command post transferred to Bastogne from Wiltz, a large Luxembourgish town to the southeast. At Wiltz, the division put up its last stand; 3rd Battalion of the 110th—supported by armor and artillery—arrived at the town around noon of that day. The 44th Engineer Battalion was set up north of the town, but they were soon overwhelmed and retreated into the town, blowing up a bridge behind them. This small force—numbering no more than 500 in total—held out until the evening, when their position became completely untenable and they retreated to the west. With the 110th Infantry completely destroyed as an effective combat unit, it would be up to the rest of the Allied army to defend Bastogne.
qas: question: zh_tw: 東南面盧森堡風格的大村莊叫什麼？
en: What is the name of the large Luxembourgish town in the southeast?
answers: zh_tw: text: 伍茲
en: text: Wiltz

question: zh_tw: 第 44 工兵營是該部隊的一部分？
en: The 44th Engineer Battalion was part of which military force??
answers: zh_tw: text: 盟軍
en: text: Allied army

context: zh_tw: 第 101 空降師原本去北面的維伯蒙，但之後被重新轉往巴斯通，距離海拔 1,463 英尺（446 米）高原外 107 mi（172 km），而第 82 空降師，是因為它能夠較早離開，前往維伯蒙，阻擊進攻重心的 “派普戰鬥群”。 在北面 60 mi（97 km） 作為預備隊之第 705 坦克殲擊營在 12 月 18 日奉命前往巴斯通為缺乏裝甲部隊的第 101 空降師提供反坦克炮擊支援和延遲到第二天晚上到達。第 501 傘兵團的第 1 批單位在 12 月 19 日午夜之後進入巴斯通以西 4 mi（6.4 km）的集合地區，早上 9 時整個師全部到達。
en: The 101st Airborne was originally supposed to go to Werbomont on the northern shoulder but was rerouted to Bastogne, located 107 miles (172 km) away on a 1,463 feet (446 m) high plateau, while the 82nd Airborne, because it was able to leave sooner, went to Werbomont to block the critical advance of the Kampfgruppe Peiper ("Combat Group Peiper"). The 705th Tank Destroyer Battalion—in reserve 60 miles (97 km) to the north—was ordered to Bastogne to provide anti-tank support to the armor-less 101st Airborne on 18 December and arrived late the next evening. The first elements of the 501st PIR entered the division assembly area 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Bastogne shortly after midnight of 19 December, and by 09:00 the entire division had arrived.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個城市在集結線附近？
en: What city was nearby the assembly line?
answers: zh_tw: text: 巴斯通
en: text: Bastogne

context: zh_tw: 麥克奧利夫將軍在早上 6 時派出第 501 傘兵團透過巴斯通向東南方前進。到早上 9 時，已前進至往美樂地與隆維利之公路兩側。在這裡 “教導裝甲師” 進行了一整天戰鬥以消滅阻擊德軍前進的裝甲步兵戰鬥小組。第 506 傘兵團此後不久跟進，其第 1 營被派往諾維爾以增援第 10 裝甲師同戰鬥大隊丹卓少校的團隊，而其他 2 個營奉命作為預備隊被部署在巴斯通的北部。第 502 傘兵圑開赴北面和西北面，以建立一條從營地至科涅的防線，同時新到達的第 327 滑翔機步兵團負責守衛巴斯通西南面後方地區，直至可以推測到德國人的進攻意圖為止。
en: Brigadier General Anthony McAuliffe sent the 501st PIR southeast through Bastogne at 06:00 to develop the situation. By 09:00, it had advanced and deployed on either side of the highway to Magéret and Longvilly, where the Panzer-Lehr-Division (Armored Training Division) was engaged in an all-day action to destroy the armor-infantry combat teams assigned to slow the German advance. The 506th followed shortly thereafter, its 1st Battalion was sent to Noville to reinforce Major Desobry's team from the 10th Armored CCB while the other two battalions were ordered to act as reserves north of Bastogne. The 502nd PIR marched north and northwest to establish a line from Champs east to Recogne, while the 327th GIR, newly arrived, protected the division service area southwest of Bastogne until German intentions could be deciphered.
qas: question: zh_tw: 何時派出第 501 傘兵團？
en: When was the 501st PIR sent?
answers: zh_tw: text: 早上 6 時
en: text: 06:00

context: zh_tw: 然而，第 47 裝甲軍的 2 個裝甲師 - 使用機動性孤立巴斯通後，在 12 月 22 日繼續他們向默茲河前進的使命，而不是集中部隊進攻巴斯通。他們只留下 1 個團在背後協助第 26 國民擲彈兵師攻佔十字路口。第 47 裝甲軍在南部和西部的防衛圈的不同地點試探進攻，而巴斯通只有是 1 個單一的空降團和步兵支援單位。這使防線上的美軍佔有通訊上的優勢；守軍能夠轉移砲火，並把他們有限的 “臨時” 裝甲部隊，以應付每一個連續的攻擊。
en: However, the two Panzer divisions of the XLVII Panzer Corps—after using their mobility to isolate Bastogne, continued their mission towards the Meuse on 22 December, rather than attacking Bastogne with a single large force. They left just one regiment behind to assist the 26th Volksgrenadier Division in capturing the crossroads. The XLVII Panzer Corps probed different points of the southern and western defensive perimeter in echelon, where Bastogne was defended by just a single airborne regiment and support units doubling as infantry. This played into the American advantage of interior lines of communication; the defenders were able to shift artillery fire and move their limited ad hoc armored forces to meet each successive assault.
qas: question: zh_tw: 為什麼留下一個團？
en: Whey did the leave one regiment behind?
answers: zh_tw: text: 協助第 26 國民擲彈兵師攻佔十字路口
en: text: to assist the 26th Volksgrenadier Division in capturing the crossroads.