zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
童年
Childhood

context: zh_tw: 童年是從出生跨越到青春期的年齡段。童年由兩個階段組成：前運算階段（preoperational stage）和具體運算階段（concrete operational stage）。在發展心理學中，童年被分為四個發展階段，即嬰兒期（學步期），兒童早期（玩耍期），兒童晚期（學齡期），以及青春期（青春期至後青春期）。各種各樣的童年因素會影響一個人人生態度的形成。童年是一個讓孩子學習、玩耍的時間段，是一個讓孩子在家庭的愛和鼓勵、及許多成人關心下變得堅強與自信的時間段。這個年齡的孩子，生活沒有恐懼，遠離暴力、虐待和剝削。正因如此，童年絕非僅是出生與成為成人期間的間隔。它指的是兒童的生活狀態和條件，及這些年的生活質量。
en: Childhood is the age span ranging from birth to adolescence.  According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, childhood consists of two stages: preoperational stage and concrete operational stage. In developmental psychology, childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of toddlerhood (learning to walk), early childhood (play age), middle childhood (school age), and adolescence (puberty through post-puberty). Various childhood factors could affect a person's attitude formation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 小孩學步期過後進入哪一階段？
en: What stage do children enter after toddlerhood?
answers: zh_tw: text: 兒童早期
en: text: early childhood
恆河運河
Ganges Canal

context: zh_tw: 運河主要用途為灌溉，但有些河段也用於航行，以運送本身所需的建築材料。不同河段之間築有水閘，以利船隻得以透過落差。最早興建於 1842 年至 1852 年，當時的源頭流量為 6,000 ft³/s。其後「上恆河運河」逐漸擴充套件規模，如今源頭流量已達 10,500 ft³/s (295 m³/s)。整套系統由 272 英里長的主線及大約 4,000 英里長的支線所組成，灌溉大約 9,000 平方公里的肥沃農地，跨及北阿坎德邦及北方邦的十個縣。如今這套運河系統仍然是這兩邦繁榮的重要原因，而邦的灌溉管理單位透過向使用者收費的方式來維護運河。
en: The canal is primarily an irrigation canal, although parts of it were also used for navigation, primarily for its construction materials. Separate navigation channels with lock gates were provided on this system for boats to negotiate falls.  Originally constructed from 1842 to 1854, for an original head discharge of 6000 ft³/s. The Upper Ganges Canal has since been enlarged gradually for the present head discharge of 10,500 ft³/s (295 m³/s). The system consists of main canal of 272 miles and about 4000 miles long distribution channels. The canal system irrigates nearly 9,000 km² of fertile agricultural land in ten districts of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Today the canal is the source of agricultural prosperity in much of these states, and the irrigation departments of these states actively maintain the canal against a fee system charged from users.
qas: question: zh_tw: 運河系統灌溉多少土地？
en: How much land is irrigated by the canal system?
answers: zh_tw: text: 9,000 平方公里
en: text: 9,000 km²

question: zh_tw: 除了灌溉以外，運河還有什麼其他的用途？
en: What are some of the other ways besides for irrigation, that the canal was used?
answers: zh_tw: text: 航行
en: text: navigation
麻疹

context: zh_tw: 麻疹（拉丁語：Morbilli；德語：Masern；法語：Rougeole；英語：Measles 或 Rubeola；日語：はしか），是麻疹疫苗未出現前，一種好發在兒童身上的傳染病，但成人也有一定機會感染。兒童常見的急性病毒是由麻疹病毒引起。此症典型的體徵及症狀包括四天的發燒，及出現咳嗽、鼻炎以及結膜炎的症狀（其英文為 cough、coryza 及 conjunctivitis，也簡稱為三 C），伴隨著發燒及紅疹。常見有發燒的症狀，約會持續一週，麻疹的發燒會高達 40 °C（104 °F）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 發燒可持續多少天？
en: How many days can the fever last?
answers: zh_tw: text: 四天

context: zh_tw: 此症的特點主要為患者在感染病毒並開始發燒後的數日內全身會起大範圍的紅斑丘疹（Maculopapular rash）。紅疹會先從背部及耳朵開始，數小時後擴散至頭部及頸部，接著蔓延到大部分的身體部位，並通常會感到搔癢。紅疹會在初始症狀發生後的第 2 至 4 日左右出現，並可持續至第 8 日。因為紅疹消失前的顏色會由紅色轉變為暗褐色，所以也被稱為「汙斑」。大體而言，自感染麻疹病毒起約要 3 個星期左右才能痊癒。
qas: question: zh_tw: 皮疹在離開前會變成什麼顏色？
en: What color does the rash tend to vary from before going away?
answers: zh_tw: text: 紅色轉變為暗褐色

context: zh_tw: 美國於 1987 至 2000 年間，麻疹致死率為 0.3%。而在未開發國家，由於患者營養不良及缺乏良好的醫療體系，此症的致死率曾高達 28%。對於免疫功能不足的人（例如愛滋病患者）而言，染上此症則約有 30% 的致死率。會造成嚴重的麻疹及其併發症的危險因子包括營養不良、免疫功能低下、懷孕及缺乏維生素 A。即使原先健康狀況良好的孩童，也有可能因罹上此症而需住院治療 。每 1000 名麻疹病歷中，約有 1 人會併發通常會導致腦部永久性損傷的急性腦炎。而每 1000 名孩童麻疹病歷中，則約有 1 至 2 人會因呼吸及神經系統的併發症而死亡。
qas: question: zh_tw: 麻疹致死率為多少？
en: What percentage of deaths were attributed to measles?
answers: zh_tw: text: 0.3%
拉比雅・巴斯禮
Rabia of Basra

context: zh_tw: 根據另一蘇非派聖人 Fariduddin Attar 所記載，拉比雅自幼家貧。在她父親死後，巴士拉遭遇饑荒，拉比雅和家中姊妹分離，獨自進入沙漠中祈禱，成為一名禁慾主義者，過著半隱居的生活。她因「對真主純粹的愛」的全心奉獻而聞名。
en: Said to have been born between 714 and 718 CE (95 and 98 Hijri) in Basra, Iraq of the Qays tribe. much of Rābiʻas early life has been recounted by Farid ud-Din Attar, a later Sufi saint and poet.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰記載了拉比雅的生活？
en: Who recounted Rabi's life?
answers: zh_tw: text: Fariduddin Attar
en: text: Farid ud-Din Attar
2018 年巴西大選
2018 Brazilian general election

context: zh_tw: 聯邦參議院的 81 個席位有三分之二在本次選舉中改選，其餘三分之一席位已在 2014 年大選改選，參議員任期 8 年。每州或聯邦區在 2018 年大選選出兩位參議員，選民在選票上可選擇兩位參選人。眾議院全數 513 個席位將由 27 個多議席選區選出，任期 4 年。每一個州或聯邦區為一選區，最大選區聖保羅州有 70 席。眾議院選舉採用開放名單比例代表制。
en: All 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies (federal deputies) will be elected, with candidates elected from 27 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the states and Federal District, varying in size from eight to 70 seats. The Chamber elections are held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the simple quotient.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他們選出多少個多黨議員？
en: From how many multi-member constituencies are they elected from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 27
en: text: 27
耶路撒冷城牆
Walls of Jerusalem

context: zh_tw: 耶路撒冷城牆（阿拉伯語：أسوار القدس‎；希伯來語：חומות ירושלים‬）環繞耶路撒冷舊城。1535 年，當耶路撒冷成為奧斯曼帝國的一部分時，蘇丹蘇萊曼下令重建城牆。這一工程修建於 1537 年至 1541 年之間。城牆全長 4.018 公里，平均高度 12 米，平均厚度 2.5 米。城牆上有 34 座瞭望塔和 7 座可通行的大門，以及兩個考古學家重新開放的小門。1981 年，耶路撒冷城牆和耶路撒冷舊城一併列入世界遺產。自古以來，耶路撒冷就一直被城牆環繞。
en: In 1981, the Jerusalem walls were added, along with the Old City of Jerusalem, to the UNESCO World Heritage Site List.
qas: question: zh_tw: 聯合國教科文組織把耶路撒冷老城和什麼在 1981 列入世界文化遺產？
en: UNESCO World Heritage Site List added the Old City of Jerusalem and what else in 1981?
answers: zh_tw: text: 耶路撒冷城牆
en: text: Jerusalem walls
敘利亞

context: zh_tw: 東部的幼發拉底河是全國最重要的河流，它貫穿東部國境，然後經伊拉克注入波斯灣。幼發拉底河流域的 15 個國家被譽為是「文明的搖籃」。西部縱谷有阿西河經土耳其傾注入地中海。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪是敘利亞最重要的河流？
en: What is Syrias most important river?
answers: zh_tw: text: 幼發拉底河

context: zh_tw: 當今的敘利亞是伊斯蘭教為主的國家，穆斯林大約佔總人口的 90%，其中遜尼派佔總人口約 70%， 什葉派各支派佔總人口接近 20%。什葉派其中又分為阿拉維派、德魯茲派、十二伊瑪目派和伊斯瑪儀派等。
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個國家以其阿拉伯人和穆斯林而聞名？
en: What country is known for its Arabs and Muslims?
answers: zh_tw: text: 敘利亞
VLC 多媒體播放器

context: zh_tw: 1998 年開始重新編寫，2001 年 1 月 1 日透過 GNU 通用公共許可協議釋出，獲得了巴黎中央理工學院校長的許可。伺服器版軟體 VideoLan 伺服器（VideoLan Server，VLS）的功能早已整合進 VLC 並停止開發。由於軟體已不再是客戶端 / 伺服器基礎裝備，因此被更名為 VLC media player。
qas: question: zh_tw: VLS 主要是被哪個程式戰勝？
en: VLS has mostly been overcome by what program?
answers: zh_tw: text: VLC

context: zh_tw: VLC 的圖示是源自於交通錐，由 Ecole Centrale's Networking Students' Association 創作。2006 年由手繪的低解析度圖示改成高解析度的 CGI，作者是 Richard Øiestad。
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰手繪了 2006 年的交通錐圖示？
en: Who illustrated the 2006 cone icon?
answers: zh_tw: text: Richard Øiestad

context: zh_tw: 經過 13 年的開發，VLC 多媒體播放器 1.0.0 版於 2009 年 7 月 7 日釋出。VLC 多媒體播放器 2.0.0 版於 2012 年 2 月 18 日釋出。
qas: question: zh_tw: 開發經過多少時間？
en: How long did development take?
answers: zh_tw: text: 13 年
魔鬼終結者：未來救贖

context: zh_tw: 馬可仕拔除連線天網的硬體，並協助約翰對抗一個新的 T-800 終結者。約翰在戰鬥中身受重傷，但成功引爆幾個終結者燃料電池，馬可仕，凱爾，和星摧毀了天網基地並存活。凱特試圖拯救約翰的生命，但約翰的心臟已經嚴重損害。馬可仕提供自己的心臟進行移植，犧牲自己拯救約翰。之後，約翰認為看起來這場戰鬥已經贏了，但是實際上遠未結束。
qas: question: zh_tw: 馬庫斯幫了誰？
en: Who does Marcus help?
answers: zh_tw: text: 約翰

context: zh_tw: 由於沃辛頓在《魔鬼終結者》原作者詹姆斯・卡麥隆的科幻動作片《阿凡達》中擔任主角，因此卡麥隆介紹沃辛頓給麥可吉來飾演這個角色。羅素・克洛也大力推薦沃辛頓，讓麥可吉比起現今年輕男演員，更堅決地採用他。 沃辛頓回想卡麥隆告訴他「新的終結者將為這場戰爭帶來新的局面」。 拍攝期間首周，意外造成肋間肌撕裂傷，但他仍是義無反顧地堅持要親自上陣。 導演原先要由克里斯汀・貝爾扮演，但後來堅持演出約翰，並擴充套件角色的功能。丹尼爾・戴 - 劉易斯和喬許・布洛林曾為此角色表達演出興趣。 布洛林與貝爾談過，且看了劇本的草案，他發現「一些有趣和黑暗面，不過說到底，我不認為它適合我」。安東・葉爾欽（Anton Yelchin）飾凱爾・瑞斯（Kyle Reese）崇仰約翰・康納的年輕反抗軍。《魔鬼終結者》首集由麥可・賓恩所詮釋，他被時間傳送回 1984 年保護莎拉・康納，以確保人類的生存，並與她生下一子－約翰・康納。葉欽說，他想要詮釋瑞斯比賓恩版本的更為軟弱，因為這是年輕時的凱爾・瑞斯。詮釋的差別顯示在於瑞斯反抗的強烈，一直到他加入反抗軍才正式對這場戰役轉為主動。葉欽試圖傳遞瑞斯對戰役的熱衷，重點就如何呈現賓恩在原版電影中的演出。布萊斯・達拉斯・霍華德（Bryce Dallas Howard）飾凱特・康納（Kate Connor）懷孕七個月約翰・康納的妻子。夏綠蒂・甘斯柏是最初預定人選，但由於與別部電影行程安排衝突。 如同克萊兒・丹妮絲在第三集中所詮釋，凱特・康納是一名獸醫，但在這部電影中，她現在是一名治療傷患的醫生。關於角色背景故事，霍華提到凱特在的審判日事件後，專研醫療書籍以及求助許多幸存的醫生。電影呈現的荒涼世界讓他想到發展中國家，受戰爭破壞和缺乏基本的用品，如干淨的水，與目前我們生活在這沒有浩劫，以及機器人尚未統治地球的世界形成反差。考慮這一點，我想肯定會對自身重新改觀，且為我們自己的未來作出更多選擇。 霍華還特別著重探討了凱特「對恐懼和失去的習慣」，因為此角本身就是個「軍事本命」的人（military brat）。穆恩・布拉得古德（Moon Bloodgood）飾貝蕾爾・威廉斯（Blair Williams）反抗軍組織中的戰鬥飛行員，貝蕾爾持續在終結者系列續集存留下來，性格傾向如釘子般強硬的女性角色莎拉・康納。在被天網的空中部隊擊落，貝蕾爾在馬可仕的幫助下，兩人快速成為戰場上的朋友，與約翰・康納和反抗軍隊會合。她磨練多年的本能－在荒地生存和無數的飛行作戰任務－導致她信任馬可仕，儘管越來越懷疑他身為神秘陌生人的動機。 她對馬可仕劇情中顯然地產生愛意。凡夫俗子飾巴恩斯（Barnes）反抗軍成員之一，約翰・康納的得力助手及密友。海倫娜・博納姆・卡特飾瑟琳娜・寇根博士（Dr. Serena Kogan）審判日之前，瑟琳娜是位癌症末期，研發智慧機械的科學家。說服馬可仕捐獻他的身體，執行的「天使計劃」的研究，最後落入天網手中。蒂妲・絲雲頓是初期角色考慮人選，不過卡特在開拍前取而代之。她接演角色主因是她的情人提姆・波頓，是位《魔鬼終結者》的影迷。寇根博士是一個「小而關鍵」的角色，而且只需要十天的拍攝。 2008 年 8 月 22 日，由於她的家庭成員在南非發生小巴意外導致四人死亡的事件，卡特拍攝延遲了一天 並獲無限期之假期。珍・亞歷山大飾維吉妮亞（Virginia）反抗軍的一員。是一名於審判日中生還的老婦，她亦是一群匿藏於洛杉磯外圍的人類的領袖。潔妲葛芮絲・貝利飾絲塔（Star）一個於審判日爆發後生還的一名聰明但卻是啞巴的女孩。被凱爾・瑞斯於星光之下發現，因而命名 Star。羅蘭・奇金格飾試作型 T-800 型終結者（Prototype Series 800 Terminator）天網生產的第一位終結者中，涉及人體組織構造消滅全人類的最新武器。利用 ADR 和 CGI 重新複製阿諾・史瓦辛格臉部，再合成至澳洲健美選手羅蘭・奇金格的身體上，早在先前他曾在 2005 年的自傳性電影《傳奇阿諾》扮演過阿諾，在本片中再次合影，掃描 1983 年的影像，模擬創造阿諾・史瓦辛格數位型態到演員上。 當問到關於角色，奇金格表示「以阿諾在第一集的終結者裡作為基礎，但那是 20 年前，而現在我所扮演的是終結者的創造起源」。波蘭運動選手馬力歐斯・普金納斯基也被列入人選當中。 試作型 T-800 終結者的外皮臉型是利用了電腦特效化妝，將羅蘭・奇金格在螢幕上的臉改成了阿諾・史瓦辛格的臉。假若史瓦辛格不同意讓他的臉孔在影片中出現，則會在觀眾面前看仔細前，讓康納打爛 T-800 的臉。
qas: question: zh_tw: 事故中的巴士是什麼型別的？
en: What sort of bus was in an accident?
answers: zh_tw: text: 小巴

question: zh_tw: 凱特當醫師之前做的什麼職業？
en: What was Kate's profession before physician?
answers: zh_tw: text: 獸醫

context: zh_tw: 2009 年 1 月丹尼・艾夫曼開始製作電影的配樂。在這之前，麥可吉有意找來奧斯卡知名作曲古斯塔沃・桑陶拉利亞，討論到負責執行人類部分的主旋律，天網部分的主題曲則交給湯姆・約克或強尼・格林伍德。還找了漢斯・季默商談為本片作曲，但因行程無法播空製作。然而，導演與《魔鬼終結者》和《魔鬼終結者 2》的作曲家巴德・費德爾開會討論，麥可吉仍是無意將費德爾所作的終結者主題曲再次帶進這部電影裡，但想要艾夫曼採用此旋律結合電子樂，呈現一種「華格納風格」。Reprise Records 已於 2009 年 5 月 19 日發行電影原聲帶，裡頭含有 15 首音軌。歌手兼本片演員凡夫俗子亦對電影編寫歌曲表示興趣。電影原聲帶
qas: question: zh_tw: 何時開始製作配樂？
en: When did the author of the score start composing it?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2009 年 1 月

context: zh_tw: 此評級也如製片所預期，現今電影評級標準對於 PG-13 暴力等級也越來越寬容，像是《終極警探 4》。除了艾倫・丹・福斯特著作的電影小說外，將出版提摩西・桑所著的電影前傳小說「來自廢墟（From the Ashes）」。 美國漫畫公司 IDW 亦發行四集改編電影的前傳漫畫。 講述 2017 年康納召集反抗軍的過程，收納仍存活的人類，化解彼此的偏執一同對抗天網。
qas: question: zh_tw: 前傳有多少集？
en: How many issues were in the prequel?
answers: zh_tw: text: 四
大白斑
Great White Spot

context: zh_tw: 大白斑，也就是所謂的大白橢圓，是與木星上的大紅斑做對應的比喻名稱，它是一種在土星上週期性出現的典型白色斑點，直徑可以達到數千公里寬，已經大到足以從地球上用小望遠鏡看見。
en: The Great White Spot, also known as Great White Oval, on Saturn, named by analogy to Jupiter's Great Red Spot, are periodic storms that are large enough to be visible from Earth through telescope by their characteristic white appearance. The spots can be several thousands of kilometers wide.
qas: question: zh_tw: 大白斑的同義詞是什麼？
en: what is the synonym of Great White Spot?
answers: zh_tw: text: 大白橢圓
en: text: Great White Oval
Microsoft Visual Studio

context: zh_tw: Visual Basic 被徹底地改變以適應新的框架，其新版被稱為 Visual Basic .NET。微軟還為 C++ 添加了 C++ 託管擴充套件，這樣 C++ 程式設計師就可以建立.NET 程式了。
qas: question: zh_tw: 微軟還向 c++ 添加了什麼？
en: What else did Microsoft add to C++?
answers: zh_tw: text: 託管擴充套件

context: zh_tw: 2003 年，微軟釋出了 Visual Studio .NET 的一個較小的升級版，稱作 Visual Studio .NET 2003，代號為 “Everett”。它包含.NET 框架的升級版.NET 框架 1.1，以及為使用 ASP.NET 或.NET Compact Framework 來開發移動裝置程式提供了內建支援。同時，Visual C++ 編譯器也更加標準化，特別是在模版偏特化方面。Visual C++ Toolkit 2003 是一個與 Visual Studio .NET 2003 自帶的 C++ 編譯器相同的無 IDE 的免費版本，它現在已經被 Express Editions 代替。
qas: question: zh_tw: 較小的升級版叫做什麼？
en: What was the minor upgrade named?
answers: zh_tw: text: Visual Studio .NET 2003

question: zh_tw: 什麼框架可以為移動裝置程式的開發提供支援？
en: What frameworks can be used to support developing problems for mobile devices?
answers: zh_tw: text: ASP.NET 或.NET Compact Framework
原始印度 - 伊朗語
Proto-Indo-Iranian language

context: zh_tw: 把原始印度 - 伊朗語同原始印歐語分離開來的主要音韻變更是母音變換母音 *e, *o, *a 歸併為一個單一母音，即原始印度 - 伊朗語的 *a (參見 Brugmann 定律)。格拉斯曼定律、Bartholomae 定律和 Ruki 語音定律也都在原始印度 - 伊朗語中生效。
en: The most distinctive phonological change separating Proto-Indo-Iranian from Proto-Indo-European is the collapse of the ablauting vowels *e, *o, *a into a single vowel, Proto-Indo-Iranian *a (but see Brugmann's law). Grassmann's law, Bartholomae's law, and the Ruki sound law were also complete in Proto-Indo-Iranian.
qas: question: zh_tw: 最顯著的區別是什麼？
en: What is most distinct difference?
answers: zh_tw: text: 變換母音 *e, *o, *a 歸併為一個單一母音
en: text: collapse of the ablauting vowels *e, *o, *a into a single vowel
咖啡因

context: zh_tw: 茶是另外一個咖啡因的重要來源，每杯茶的咖啡因含量一般只有每杯咖啡的一半，這與製茶工藝有關。特定品種的茶，例如紅茶和烏龍茶，比其他茶的咖啡因含量高。茶含有少量的可可鹼以及比咖啡略高的茶鹼。茶的製作對於茶有很大影響，但是茶的顏色幾乎不能指示咖啡因的含量。日本玉露綠茶的咖啡因含量就遠遠高於許多紅茶（例如幾乎不含咖啡因的正山小種茶）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 茶的顏色作為其咖啡因含量的指標有多有效？
en: How good of an indicator is color of tea of it caffeine level?
answers: zh_tw: text: 幾乎不能指示

context: zh_tw: 茶鹼（4%）- 舒緩支氣管平滑肌，被用作治療哮喘。治療所用的劑量遠遠大於由咖啡因代謝所產生的劑量。這些化合物進一步代謝，最終透過尿液排洩出體外。
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼藥物可以緩解哮喘引起的痛苦？
en: What can help heal the pain and agony of asthma?
answers: zh_tw: text: 茶鹼

context: zh_tw: 咖啡因是一箇中樞神經系統興奮劑，也是一個新陳代謝的刺激劑。咖啡因既被作為飲品，也被作為藥品，其作用都是提神及解除疲勞，咖啡因也可減低頭痛時的痛楚。每個人所需要的能夠產生效果的咖啡因精確劑量並不相同，主要取決於體型和咖啡因耐受度。咖啡因在不到一個小時的時間內就可以開始在身體裡發揮作用，如果攝取溫和劑量的咖啡因，作用可在 3 到 4 個小時內消失。食用咖啡因並不能減少所需睡眠時間，它只能臨時的減弱困的感覺。
qas: question: zh_tw: 產生某種影響所需要的咖啡因劑量取決於什麼？
en: What does the dosage of caffeine needed to produce a certain affect depend on?
answers: zh_tw: text: 體型和咖啡因耐受度
鿫
Oganesson

context: zh_tw: 鿫（Oganesson）是一種人工合成的化學元素，化學符號為 Og，原子序為 118。在元素週期表上，鿫位於 p 區，是第 7 週期的最後一個元素。2002 年，一個俄美合作的科學家團隊在位於俄羅斯杜布納的聯合核研究所首次合成鿫。國際純化學和應用化學聯合會（IUPAC）及國際純粹與應用物理學聯合會（IUPAP）所組成的聯合工作小組在 2015 年 12 月確認此項發現。為肯定核物理學家尤里・奧加涅相在超重元素合成工作上的重大貢獻，IUPAC 於 2016 年 11 月 28 日正式將此元素命名為「Oganesson」。鿫是原子序和原子量最高的已知元素。鿫原子具有放射性，極不穩定。自 2005 年起，科學家只成功合成了五個（亦有可能為六個）鿫 - 294 原子。正因為如此，科學家很難透過實驗來判斷其性質以及可能存在的化合物。不過，科學家仍然能夠透過理論計算做出不少的預測，其中包括一些出人意料的性質。例如，18 族元素的其他元素均為反應性低的惰性氣體，但同族的鿫卻可能有非常高的反應性。科學家曾經認為鿫在標準狀況下是一種氣體，但因相對論效應，鿫在標準狀況下應該是一種固體。
en: Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow in Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016. The name is in line with the tradition of honoring a scientist, in this case the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who has played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. It is one of only two elements named after a person who was alive at the time of naming, the other being seaborgium; it is also the only element whose namesake is alive today.Oganesson has the highest atomic number and highest atomic mass of all known elements. The radioactive oganesson atom is very unstable, and since 2005, only five (possibly six) atoms of the nuclide 294Og have been detected. Although this allowed very little experimental characterization of its properties and possible compounds, theoretical calculations have resulted in many predictions, including some surprising ones. For example, although oganesson is a member of group 18 – the first synthetic element to be so – it may be significantly reactive, unlike all the other elements of that group (the noble gases). It was formerly thought to be a gas under normal conditions but is now predicted to be a solid due to relativistic effects. On the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element and the last one of period 7.
qas: question: zh_tw: Oganesson 是在元素週期表的什麼位置？
en: Where is oganesson placed on the periodic table?
answers: zh_tw: text: 第 7 週期的最後一個
en: text: last one of period 7

question: zh_tw: 鿫（Oganesson）的化學符號是什麼？
en: What is the Oganesson's chemical symbol?
answers: zh_tw: text: Og
en: text: Og
電貝斯
Bass guitar

context: zh_tw: 握威（Warwick）公司的具有里程碑意義的技術，就是貝司的自然貼面，高光度的自然貼面。Just-A-Nut II NutsystemTM, 具有握威專利的電子部件，2 路桁架結構，鍾青銅品絲材料，可完全固定以及調節琴橋，Esay Rider Pickup suspensionTM 拾音器裝置，無螺絲裝置的桁架蓋子，MEC 貝司拾音器，以及特殊的木材，比如花梨木、宏木、緬茄木和 ovangkol 木。成品樂器就是由出色的設計、木材、貼面以及由握威公司特別設計的 MEC 電子產品的結合體。
en: Other design options include finishes, such as lacquer, wax and oil; flat and carved designs; luthier-produced custom-designed instruments; headless basses, which have tuning machines in the bridge of the instrument (e.g., Steinberger and Hohner designs) and artificial materials such as luthite and ebonol. The use of artificial materials allows for production techniques such as die-casting, to produce complex body shapes.
qas: question: zh_tw: 除人工合成材料，還有哪些選擇？
en: What options are used for artificial materials?
answers: zh_tw: text: 拾音器裝置，無螺絲裝置的桁架蓋子，MEC 貝司拾音器，以及特殊的木材，比如花梨木、宏木、緬茄木和 ovangkol 木。
en: text: luthite and ebonol
三氯氧磷
Phosphoryl chloride

context: zh_tw: 三氯氧磷（分子式：POCl3），也稱作磷醯氯，室溫下為無色液體。它在潮溼空氣中發煙，水解為磷酸及具刺激性的鹽酸液滴。工業上由三氯化磷與氧氣或五氧化二磷反應制備，主要用作生產磷酸酯如磷酸三甲苯酯。
en: Phosphoryl chloride (commonly called phosphorus oxychloride) is a colourless liquid with the formula POCl3. It hydrolyses in moist air releasing phosphoric acid and fumes of hydrogen chloride. It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide. It is mainly used to make phosphate esters such as tricresyl phosphate.
qas: question: zh_tw: 氯化磷是什麼顏色的？
en: What color is phosphoryl chloride?
answers: zh_tw: text: 無色
en: text: colourless
哈雷彗星
Halley's Comet

context: zh_tw: 1986 年哈雷彗星迴歸時，人類第一次用太空船詳細觀察彗星，得到了第一手的彗核結構與彗發和彗尾形成機制的資料。這些觀測支援一些彗星結構的假設，如弗雷德・惠普的「髒雪球」模型比較正確地預測了哈雷彗星是揮發性冰 —— 水、二氧化碳、和氨－和宇宙塵埃的混合物。資料使科學家建立了更準確的模型；例如，哈雷彗星的表面大部分是宇宙塵埃，沒有揮發性物質，並且只有一小部分是冰。
en: During its 1986 apparition, Halley's Comet became the first comet to be observed in detail by spacecraft, providing the first observational data on the structure of a comet nucleus and the mechanism of coma and tail formation. These observations supported a number of longstanding hypotheses about comet construction, particularly Fred Whipple's "dirty snowball" model, which correctly predicted that Halley would be composed of a mixture of volatile ices—such as water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia—and dust. The missions also provided data that substantially reformed and reconfigured these ideas; for instance, it is now understood that the surface of Halley is largely composed of dusty, non-volatile materials, and that only a small portion of it is icy.
qas: question: zh_tw: 人類第一次用太空船詳細觀察彗星叫什麼名字？
en: What is the name of the first comet that was seen by spacecraft in detail?
answers: zh_tw: text: 哈雷彗星
en: text: Halley's Comet
智利共產黨
Communist Party of Chile

context: zh_tw: 智利共產黨（西班牙語：Partido Comunista de Chile），簡稱智共（PCCh），是智利的一個共產主義政黨。該黨由路易斯・埃米利奧・雷卡瓦倫創立於 1922 年，作為社會主義工人黨的延續。該黨於 1932 年成立了下屬青年組織智利共產主義青年。
en: The Communist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Chile) is a Chilean political party. It was founded in 1922, as the continuation of the Socialist Workers Party, and in 1932 it established its youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile [abbr:JJ.CC]).
qas: question: zh_tw: 這個共產主義政黨是哪個國家的？
en: Which country does this communist political party belong to?
answers: zh_tw: text: Chile），簡稱智共（PCCh），是智利的一個共產主義政黨。
en: text: Chile
凱迪拉克
Cadillac

context: zh_tw: 1966 年，是凱迪拉克銷售最好的年份，一共銷售超過 192000 臺（其中 de Villes 就佔了 142190 臺），比同期增長超過 60％。1968 年，凱迪拉克突破 20 萬輛車的銷售紀錄。
en: In 1966, Cadillac had its best annual sales yet, over 192,000 units (142,190 of them de Villes), an increase of more than 60%. This was exceeded in 1968, when Cadillac topped 200,000 units for the first time. 1967 and 1968 saw the introduction of a host of federally mandated safety features, including energy-absorbing steering columns and wheels, soft interior and instrument panel knobs and surfaces, front shoulder belts, and side marker lights.
qas: question: zh_tw: 凱迪拉克在創紀錄的銷售記錄是在哪一年？
en: What year was record setting for Cadillac in the sales department?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1966 年，是凱迪拉克銷售最好的年份，一共銷售超過 192000 臺（其中 de
en: text: 1966
康奈爾大學
Cornell University

context: zh_tw: 1865 年 4 月 27 日，一所政府贈地大學在紐約州參議院的一項議案下推動成立，此即日後的康奈爾大學。參議員埃茲拉・康奈爾將他位於紐約州伊薩卡的農場提供予辦校單位以為校園開發基地，並從個人財產中捐出 500,000 美元作為康大的第一筆個人捐款。參議員、教育家安德魯・迪克森・懷特同意出任學校第一任校長。在隨後的三年中，懷特一邊監督學校最初兩幢建築的營造，一邊周遊全國招募學生和教師。
en: Cornell University was founded on April 27, 1865; the New York State (NYS) Senate authorized the university as the state's land grant institution. Senator Ezra Cornell offered his farm in Ithaca, New York, as a site and $500,000 of his personal fortune as an initial endowment. Fellow senator and educator Andrew Dickson White agreed to be the first president. During the next three years, White oversaw the construction of the first two buildings and traveled to attract students and faculty. The university was inaugurated on October 7, 1868, and 412 men were enrolled the next day.
qas: question: zh_tw: 那院校是由哪位參議員創立的？
en: The institution was founded by which senator?
answers: zh_tw: text: 埃茲拉・康奈爾
en: text: Ezra Cornell
國王大道 (德里)
Rajpath

context: zh_tw: 國王大道（Rajpath，印地語: राजपथ）是印度共和國首都新德里的禮儀大道，東西走向，西起芮希那山丘的印度總統府（印度獨立之前為總督府），向東經過勝利廣場和印度門，到國家體育場。兩側為草坪、樹木及池塘。
en: Rajpath (constructed as and formerly named King's Way during the period of the British Raj) is a ceremonial boulevard in New Delhi, India, that runs from Rashtrapati Bhavan on Raisina Hill through Vijay Chowk and India Gate, National War Memorial (India) to National Stadium, Delhi. The avenue is lined on both sides by huge lawns, canals and rows of trees. Considered to be one of the most important roads in India, it is where the annual Republic Day parade takes place on 26 January. Janpath (meaning "People's Way") crosses the road. Rajpath runs in east-west direction. Roads from Connaught Place, the financial centre of Delhi, run into Rajpath from north.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他們改變了 King 的方式是什麼？
en: What did they change King's Way to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 國王大道（Rajpath，印地語:
en: text: Rajpath
麗婭・森
Riya Sen

context: zh_tw: 麗婭・森，印度電影演員、模特。出生於一個演藝世家，其祖母、母親和姐姐莉瑪・森都是演員。1991 年在 Vishkanya 裡扮演一個小孩。在 2004 年電影 Style 中，她贏得了首次商業成功。
en: Riya Sen (born Riya Dev Varma; is an Indian film actress and model. Riya, who comes from a family of actors including her grandmother Suchitra Sen, mother Moon Moon Sen and sister Raima Sen,  began her acting career in 1991 as a child actress in the film Vishkanya. Her first commercial success in her film career was with Style, a 2001 Hindi low-budget comedy directed by N. Chandra. Some of her other notable films include producer Pritish Nandy's musical film, Jhankaar Beats (2003) in Hinglish, Shaadi No. 1 (2005) and Malayalam horror film  Ananthabhadram (2005).
qas: question: zh_tw: Riya Sen 的職業是什麼？
en: What is Riya Sen's occupation?
answers: zh_tw: text: 電影演員、模特
en: text: film actress and model
派克
Parker Pen Company

context: zh_tw: 從 20 年代到 60 年代直到原子筆普及前，派克的書寫工具銷量居世界前列。1931 年派克發明了 Quink"快速變幹墨水"，用來防止墨漬汙染，並使得 Parker 51 成為鋼筆發展歷史中使用最廣泛的型號 (在其 30 年曆史中銷售額總共超過 40 億)。製造裝置設立在加拿大、英格蘭、丹麥、法國、墨西哥與阿根廷多年。派克筆經常用來簽署重要檔案例如第二次世界大戰停戰協議，而有時會有紀念版本發行。
en: From the 1920s to the 1960s, before the development of the ballpoint pen, Parker was either number one or number two in worldwide writing instrument sales. In 1931 Parker created Quink (quick drying ink), which eliminated the need for blotting. In 1941 the company developed the most widely used model of fountain pen in history (over $400 million worth of sales in its 30-year history), the Parker 51. Manufacturing facilities were set up over the years in Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Mexico, USA, Pakistan, India, Germany (Osmia-Parker), Brazil and Argentina.
qas: question: zh_tw: 圓珠筆之前最流行的品牌書寫工具是什麼？
en: what was the most popular brand writing tool before the ballpoint pen?
answers: zh_tw: text: 派克
en: text: Parker
九州 (日本)
Kyushu

context: zh_tw: 主要的農產品有米、茶、菸草、甘薯和大豆；絲也被廣泛生產。另外九州以種類繁多的日本瓷器聞名。重工業主要集中在北部的北九州和大分一帶，主要是化學和金屬加工。
en: Parts of Kyushu have a subtropical climate, particularly Miyazaki prefecture and Kagoshima prefecture. Major agricultural products are rice, tea, tobacco, sweet potatoes, and soy; silk is also widely produced. The island is noted for various types of porcelain, including Arita, Imari, Satsuma, and Karatsu. Heavy industry is concentrated in the north around Fukuoka, Kitakyushu, Nagasaki, and Oita and includes chemicals, automobiles, semiconductors, and metal processing.
qas: question: zh_tw: 不包括絲綢，九州種植的主要農產品是什麼？
en: What are the major products, excluding silk, grown in Kyushu?
answers: zh_tw: text: 米、茶、菸草、甘薯和大豆
en: text: rice, tea, tobacco, sweet potatoes, and soy
2010 年夏季青年奧林匹克運動會
2010 Summer Youth Olympics

context: zh_tw: 此屆青奧會公設 26 個大項，31 個分項。其中，水上專案包括跳水和游泳兩個分項，腳踏車包括小輪車和山地車兩個分項，體操包括體操，韻律體操和彈翻床三個分項，以及排球包括室內排球和沙灘排球兩個分項。
en: The Games featured 26 sports with a total of 31 disciplines and 201 events. These included two disciplines under the IOC classification of aquatics (diving and swimming), and three under gymnastics (artistic, rhythmic and trampoline). Each sport in the Games was represented by a pictogram inspired by the official "Spirit of Youth" emblem consisting of a red flame, a blue star and a green crescent, which was depicted participating in each of the 26 sports of the Youth Olympic Games. The sport pictograms had a distinctive, contemporary graphic style that was intended to make them a highly recognisable feature of the Games. The list of sports is as follows:
qas: question: zh_tw: 這屆運動會的水上專案包括哪些活動？
en: What do aquatic events did the Games include?
answers: zh_tw: text: 水上專案包括跳水和游泳兩個分項
en: text: diving and swimming
乳清蛋白
Whey protein

context: zh_tw: 加熱可使乳清變性。加強熱（如巴氏消毒法中持續加熱超過 72 度）可使乳清蛋白變性。凝乳酶作用和牛奶酸化並不會使天然乳清蛋白變性。乳清蛋白變性後會和別的蛋白質發生疏水作用，形成蛋白質凝膠。 受熱變性的乳清蛋白仍然會使有些人過敏。
en: Whey is left over when milk is coagulated during the process of cheese production, and contains everything that is soluble from milk after the pH is dropped to 4.6 during the coagulation process. It is a 5% solution of lactose in water with lactalbumin and some lipid content. Processing can be done by simple drying, or the relative protein content can be increased by removing the lactose, lipids and other non-protein materials. For example, spray drying after membrane filtration separates the proteins from whey.Whey can be denatured by heat. High heat (such as the sustained high temperatures above 72 °C associated with the pasteurization process) denatures whey proteins. While native whey protein does not aggregate upon renneting or acidification of milk, denaturing the whey protein triggers hydrophobic interactions with other proteins, and the formation of a protein gel.
qas: question: zh_tw: 為使乳清蛋白變性，必須達到或超過多大程度的熱量？
en: What degree of heat must be reached or exceeded to denature whey proteins?
answers: zh_tw: text: 72 度
en: text: 72 °C
班竹
Banjul

context: zh_tw: 班珠爾（阿拉伯語：بانجول‎；英語：Banjul），又譯作班竹，舊稱巴瑟斯特，是甘比亞的首都，2003 年人口是 34,828。班珠爾位於聖瑪麗島（或班珠爾島），甘比亞河在此匯入大西洋。班珠爾的經緯度是北緯 13°28'，西經 16°36'(13.4667, -16.60)。
en: Banjul (UK: , US: ), officially the City of Banjul and formerly known as Bathurst, is the capital and fourth largest city of The Gambia. It is the centre of the eponymous administrative division which is home to an estimated 400,000 residents, making it The Gambia's largest and densely populated metropolitan area. Banjul is on St Mary's Island (Banjul Island), where the Gambia River enters the Atlantic Ocean. The population of the city proper is 31,301, with the Greater Banjul Area, which includes the City of Banjul and the Kanifing Municipal Council, at a population of 413,397 (2013 census). The island is connected to the mainland to the west and the rest of Greater Banjul Area via bridges. There are also ferries linking Banjul to the mainland at the other side of the river.
qas: question: zh_tw: 班珠爾位於哪個島上（也註明別稱）？
en: What island is Banjul located on (name the alias as well)?
answers: zh_tw: text: 聖瑪麗島（或班珠爾島）
en: text: St Mary's Island (Banjul Island)

context: zh_tw: 1994 年 7 月 22 日，班珠爾發生政變。在班珠爾入口建有拱門 22 紀念此事。門高 35 公尺，處於廣場中央，內為紡織品博物館。
en: In 1651 Banjul was leased by The Duke of Courland and Semigallia (German: Herzog von Kurland und Semgallen) from the King of Kombo, as part of the Couronian colonization.On 23 April 1816, the King of Kombo ceded Banjul Island to Alexander Grant, the British commandant. Grant founded Banjul as a trading post and base, constructing houses and barracks for controlling entrance to the Gambia estuary and suppressing the slave trade. The British renamed Banjul Island as St. Mary's Island and named the new town Bathurst, after the 3rd Earl Bathurst, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies at the time. Streets were laid out in a modified grid pattern, and named after Allied generals at the Battle of Waterloo. The town became the centre of British activity in the Gambia Colony and Protectorate.After independence, the town's name was changed to Banjul in 1973. On 22 July 1994, Banjul was the scene of a bloodless military coup d'état in which President Dawda Jawara was overthrown and replaced by Yahya Jammeh. To commemorate this event, Arch 22 was built as an entrance portal to the capital. The gate is 35 metres tall and stands at the centre of an open square. It houses a textile museum.
qas: question: zh_tw: 進入該市的入口有多少米高？
en: How many meters tall is the entrance portal to the city?
answers: zh_tw: text: 35
en: text: 35
蘇丹艾哈邁德清真寺
Sultan Ahmed Mosque

context: zh_tw: 在清真寺內部的基部及柱子上都砌上超過 20000 塊手工陶瓷磚瓦，全部出產自伊茲尼克，磚瓦設計超過五十種鬱金香款式。低處的磚瓦均是傳統設計的，高處的磚瓦則是各種華麗的花朵、水果及柏樹款式。這些磚瓦都是由伊茲尼克的陶藝大師監製的，但蘇丹的法令限制了建築者對磚瓦的花費，而當時磚瓦價格上漲，導致後期所使用的磚瓦欠佳。磚瓦已經褪色，釉料都變得模糊不清，而樓座牆身所用的磚瓦都回收自 1574 年託卡比皇宮失火後遺留的磚瓦。
en: At its lower levels and at every pier, the interior of the mosque is lined with more than 20,000 handmade İznik style ceramic tiles, made at İznik (the ancient Nicaea) in more than fifty different tulip designs. The tiles at lower levels are traditional in design, while at gallery level their design becomes flamboyant with representations of flowers, fruit and cypresses. The tiles were made under the supervision of the Iznik master. The price to be paid for each tile was fixed by the sultan's decree, while tile prices in general increased over time. As a result, the quality of the tiles used in the building decreased gradually.The upper levels of the interior are dominated by blue paint. More than 200 stained glass windows with intricate designs admit natural light, today assisted by chandeliers. On the chandeliers, ostrich eggs are found that were meant to avoid cobwebs inside the mosque by repelling spiders. The decorations include verses from the Qur'an, many of them made by Seyyid Kasim Gubari, regarded as the greatest calligrapher of his time. The floors are covered with carpets, which are donated by the faithful and are regularly replaced as they wear out. The many spacious windows confer a spacious impression. The casements at floor level are decorated with opus sectile. Each exedra has five windows, some of which are blind. Each semi-dome has 14 windows and the central dome 28 (four of which are blind). The coloured glass for the windows was a gift of the Signoria of Venice to the sultan.
qas: question: zh_tw: 有多少塊瓷磚是手工製作的？
en: how many ceramic tiles are handmade?
answers: zh_tw: text: 20000
en: text: 20,000

context: zh_tw: 報告禱告時刻的人得沿著狹窄的樓梯攀上宣禮塔宣佈喚拜（Adhan），每天五次。現今則使用擴音裝置，在舊城可以清晰聽到喚拜，鄰近的清真寺也會重複喚拜。大群土耳其人及遊客會在日落時聚集在面向清真寺的公園，聽聞晚禱的喚拜。日落時，清真寺會顯得金光閃閃。
en: Four minarets stand at the corners of the Blue Mosque. Each of these fluted, pencil-shaped minarets has three balconies (Called şerefe) with stalactite corbels, while the two others at the end of the forecourt only have two balconies. Before the muezzin or prayer caller had to climb a narrow spiral staircase five times a day to announce the call to prayer.
qas: question: zh_tw: 報告禱告時刻的人一天得爬幾次？
en: How many times per day did the prayer caller have to climb?
answers: zh_tw: text: 五
en: text: five
庫費
Kufa

context: zh_tw: 庫法（阿拉伯語：الكوفة‎ al-Kūfah），是伊拉克納傑夫省的一座城市，位於巴格達以南 170 公里，納傑夫東北 10 公里，幼發拉底河旁。2003 年人口大約 110,000。
en: Kufa (Arabic: الْكُوفَة‎ al-Kūfah) is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres (110 mi) south of Baghdad, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Currently, Kufa and Najaf are joined into a single urban area that is mostly commonly known to the outside world as 'Najaf'.Along with Samarra, Karbala, Kadhimiya and Najaf, Kufa is one of five Iraqi cities that are of great importance to Shi'ite Muslims. The city was the final capital of the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and was founded during 639 CE (17 Hijrah) by the second Rashidun Caliph,  Umar ibn Al-Khattab. It is also related that Muslims after conquest of Al-Madain were searching for a suitable place for habitation. Likewise others, Salman and Hudhayfa bin al-Yamman were also looking for. After choosing the land, they offered prayers there, thus marking the day of the foundation of Kufa.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個城市距離巴格達大約 170 公里？
en: Which city sits approximately 170 kilometres from Baghdad?
answers: zh_tw: text: 庫法
en: text: Kufa
毒藥的歷史
History of poison

context: zh_tw: 毒藥在遠古時就已經被人們發現了。原始部落與早期文明把它作為一種狩獵工具，來加速並確保獵物或敵人的死亡。毒藥在這方面的使用不斷完善，很多古代人開始鍛造特製的武器，用以強化毒藥藥性，增強其威力。再後來，特別是在帝國時代的羅馬，用毒藥來進行暗殺已經極為普遍。早在公元前 331 年，就有在食物和飲料中下毒的記載，這種行為變得司空見慣。毒殺現象見於社會各個階層，就連貴族也經常用毒藥來對付政敵或生意上的對手。
en: Poison was discovered in ancient times, and was used by ancient tribes and civilizations as a hunting tool to quicken and ensure the death of their prey or enemies. This use of poison grew more advanced, and many of these ancient peoples began forging weapons designed specifically for poison enhancement. Later in history, particularly at the time of the Roman Empire, one of the more prevalent uses was assassination. As early as 331 BC, poisonings executed at the dinner table or in drinks were reported, and the practice became a common occurrence. The use of fatal substances was seen among every social class; even the nobility would often use it to dispose of unwanted political or economic opponents.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在羅馬帝國時期最普遍的使用方式是什麼？
en: what was the more prevalent uses during the Roman Empire?
answers: zh_tw: text: 暗殺
en: text: assassination
巴納德星
Barnard's Star

context: zh_tw: 巴納德星的年齡介於 70 億至 120 億年之間，不僅比太陽古老，天文學家還認為它可能是銀河系中最古老的恆星。它已經失去了大量的轉動能量，光度的週期變化顯示巴納德星自轉一週需要 130 天（相較之下太陽只需要 25 天）。因為巴納德星是一顆古老的恆星，所以長久以來都被假設是一顆休眠期中的恆星，但是天文學家在 1998 年觀測到一個強烈的恆星耀斑，所以巴納德星其實是一顆耀星。巴納德星也是一顆變星，標示為蛇夫座 V2500。
en: At 7–12 billion years of age, Barnard's Star is considerably older than the Sun, which is 4.5 billion years old, and it might be among the oldest stars in the Milky Way galaxy. Barnard's Star has lost a great deal of rotational energy, and the periodic slight changes in its brightness indicate that it rotates once in 130 days (the Sun rotates in 25). Given its age, Barnard's Star was long assumed to be quiescent in terms of stellar activity. In 1998, astronomers observed an intense stellar flare, showing that Barnard's Star is a flare star. Barnard's Star has the variable star designation V2500 Ophiuchi. In 2003, Barnard's Star presented the first detectable change in the radial velocity of a star caused by its motion. Further variability in the radial velocity of Barnard's Star was attributed to its stellar activity.
qas: question: zh_tw: 巴納德星有什麼？
en: What does Barnard's Star have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 一顆變星，標示為蛇夫座 V2500
en: text: the variable star designation V2500

context: zh_tw: 從 1963 年開始 10 年之間，有為數眾多的天文學家接受彼得・範德坎普的觀點：其聲稱觀測到巴納德星自行運動上的攝動，顯示它擁有一顆或數顆比木星更大的行星。他從 1938 年就開始觀測這顆恆星，並與斯沃斯莫爾學院天文臺的同事企圖以微尺從攝影幹板上測量它的位置變動，與行星一致的軌道攝動，以證明它有行星級伴星的存在。他曾動用十個人測量巴納德星在幹板上的位置，避免系統或人為的誤差產生。範德坎普最初建議有一顆 1.6 木星質量的行星，以 4.4 天文單位的橢圓軌道繞行著巴納德星，並在 1969 年以論文明確的提出這些觀測結果。他在同一年稍晚提出巴納德星擁有兩顆行星，質量分別為 1.1 和 0.8 木星質量。
en: For a decade from 1963 to about 1973, a substantial number of astronomers accepted a claim by Peter van de Kamp that he had detected, by using astrometry, a perturbation in the proper motion of Barnard's Star consistent with its having one or more planets comparable in mass with Jupiter. Van de Kamp had been observing the star from 1938, attempting, with colleagues at the Sproul Observatory at Swarthmore College, to find minuscule variations of one micrometre in its position on photographic plates consistent with orbital perturbations that would indicate a planetary companion; this involved as many as ten people averaging their results in looking at plates, to avoid systemic individual errors. Van de Kamp's initial suggestion was a planet having about 1.6 MJ at a distance of 4.4 AU in a slightly eccentric orbit, and these measurements were apparently refined in a 1969 paper. Later that year, Van de Kamp suggested that there were two planets of 1.1 and 0.8 MJ.
qas: question: zh_tw: 那個行星和什麼有著類似的質量？
en: The planets were comparable to the mass of what other planet?
answers: zh_tw: text: 木星
en: text: Jupiter
南蘇丹歷史
History of South Sudan

context: zh_tw: 考古證據顯示，一些畜牧牛群的人們從公元前 3000 年至今一直存在，並且尼羅河文化一直延續至今。考古和圓形房屋證明當地人為努比亞前以及整個第 25 王朝的統治和財富作出巨大貢獻。自 14 世紀起，尼羅河開始氾濫。這和基督教的努比亞王國崩潰，以及阿拉伯人的進入吻合。
en: Linguistic evidence shows that over time Nilotic speakers, such as the Dinka, Shilluk, and Luo, took over. These groups spread from the Sudd marshlands, where archaeological evidence shows that a culture based on transhumant cattle raising had been present since 3000 BCE, and the Nilotic culture in that area may thus be continuous to that date. Archaeological evidence, as well as the physical evidence in the livelihood of the Nilotes including their dome-shaped houses and tukuls, shows that they may have made an enormous contribution to the governance and wealth of the Nubia Kingdom before and during the 25th Dynasty.The Nilotic expansion from the Sudd Marshes into the rest of South Sudan seems to have begun in the 14th century. This coincides with the collapse of the Christian Nubian kingdoms of Makuria and Alodia and the penetration of Arab traders into central Sudan. From the Arabs, the South Sudanese may have obtained new breeds of hump-less cattle. Archaeologist Roland Oliver notes that the period also shows an Iron Age beginning among the Nilotics. These factors may explain how the Nilotic speakers expanded to dominate the region.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個王國遭遇了不幸崩潰？
en: Which kingdoms met an unfortunate collapse?
answers: zh_tw: text: 基督教的努比亞王國
en: text: the Christian Nubian kingdoms of Makuria and Alodia
印度獨立運動
Indian independence movement

context: zh_tw: 1947 年 6 月 3 日，最後一任印度總督路易斯・蒙巴頓子爵宣佈英屬印度分割為印度教徒佔多數的印度和穆斯林佔多數的巴基斯坦。8 月 15 日（印度獨立日）的午夜，印度成為一個獨立國家（自治邦，即仍以英王為元首的獨立國家），隨後發生了印度教徒、穆斯林和錫克教徒之間的暴力衝突。新任總理尼赫魯及副總理沙達・瓦拉漢・佩帖爾邀請蒙巴頓繼續擔任印度總督。1948 年 6 月，查克拉瓦爾蒂・拉賈戈巴拉查理取代了他，成為最後一任印度總督。1950 年 1 月 26 日，印度共和國正式成立，但仍然留在英聯邦內。巴基斯坦則保留君主制和總督至 1956 年巴基斯坦伊斯蘭共和國成立。
en: Violent clashes between Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims followed. Prime Minister Nehru and deputy prime minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel invited Mountbatten to continue as Governor General of India during the period of transition. He was replaced in June 1948 by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari. Patel took on the responsibility for bringing 565 princely states into the Union of India, steering efforts by his "iron fist in a velvet glove" policies, exemplified by the use of military force to integrate Junagadh and Hyderabad State into India (Operation Polo). On the other hand, Nehru kept the issue of Kashmir in his hands.The Constituent Assembly, headed by the prominent lawyer, reformer and Dalit leader, B.R. Ambedkar was tasked with creating the constitution of free India. The Constituent Assembly completed the work of drafting the constitution on 26 November 1949; on 26 January 1950, the Republic of India was officially proclaimed. The Constituent Assembly elected Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India, taking over from Governor General Rajgopalachari. Subsequently, the French ceded Chandernagore in 1951, and Pondichéry and its remaining Indian colonies by 1954.  Indian troops invaded and annexed Goa and Portugal's other Indian enclaves in 1961; and Sikkim voted to join the Indian Union in 1975 after the Indian victory over China in Nathu La and Cho La.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰取代了尼赫魯？
en: Who replaced Nehru?
answers: zh_tw: text: 查克拉瓦爾蒂・拉賈戈巴拉查理
en: text: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
特納氏綜合徵
Turner syndrome

context: zh_tw: 透納氏症並不是一種會遺傳自父母親的疾病。目前所知沒有任何環境因素會導致此病症，同時也和媽媽的懷孕年齡沒有關係。透納氏症主要是因為染色體異常所造成的，為 X 染色體部份或整條有缺失、改變而致。大部分的人們都擁有 46 條染色體，但患有透納氏症的患者卻僅有 45 條。在某些情況下，染色體的異常現象只出現在部分細胞，而其餘則沒有，這就是透納氏症的鑲嵌現象 。在這樣的前提下，由透納氏症所引發的症狀就可能很輕微或甚至完全沒有出現。診斷方式基本就是根據臨床症狀以及基因檢測。
en: Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X or 45,X0, is a condition in which a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome. Signs and symptoms vary among those affected. Often, a short and webbed neck, low-set ears, low hairline at the back of the neck, short stature, and swollen hands and feet are seen at birth. Typically, they develop menstrual periods and breasts only with hormone treatment, and are unable to have children without reproductive technology. Heart defects, diabetes, and low thyroid hormone occur more frequently. Most people with TS have normal intelligence. Many have troubles with spatial visualization that may be needed for mathematics. Vision and hearing problems occur more often.Turner syndrome is not usually inherited from a person's parents. No environmental risks are known, and the mother's age does not play a role. Turner syndrome is due to a chromosomal abnormality in which all or part of one of the X chromosomes is missing or altered. While most people have 46 chromosomes, people with TS usually have 45. The chromosomal abnormality may be present in just some cells in which case it is known as TS with mosaicism. In these cases, the symptoms are usually fewer and possibly none occur at all. Diagnosis is based on physical signs and genetic testing.No cure for Turner syndrome is known. Treatment may help with symptoms. Human growth hormone injections during childhood may increase adult height. Estrogen replacement therapy can promote development of the breasts and hips. Medical care is often required to manage other health problems with which TS is associated.Turner syndrome occurs in between one in 2,000 and one in 5,000 females at birth. All regions of the world and cultures are affected about equally. Generally people with TS have a shorter life expectancy, mostly due to heart problems and diabetes. Henry Turner first described the condition in 1938. In 1964, it was determined to be due to a chromosomal abnormality.
qas: question: zh_tw: 大多數人有多少染色體？
en: How many chromosomes do most people have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 46
en: text: 46
安立奎・伊格萊西亞斯
Enrique Iglesias

context: zh_tw: 另外，在 2003 年，安立奎接拍了由莎瑪・希恩、尊尼・特普和安東尼奧・班德拉斯主演的電影《Once Upon a Time in Mexico》，飾演一個名為 Lorenzo 的角色。
en: Iglesias starred alongside Antonio Banderas, Salma Hayek and Johnny Depp in the Robert Rodriguez film Once Upon a Time in Mexico, in which he played the well-spoken gun-wielding Lorenzo. In 2007, he had a guest appearance in the TV comedy Two and a Half Men as a carpenter/handyman.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼在好漢兩個半當中出現？
en: Who also appeared on the show Two and a Half Men?
answers: zh_tw: text: 另外，在 2003 年，安立奎接拍了由莎瑪・希恩、尊尼・特普和安東尼奧・班德拉斯主演的電影《Once
en: text: Iglesias
史瑞克系列電影
Shrek (franchise)

context: zh_tw: 史瑞克是一個孤獨的怪物，當童話生物都被法克大人送到他的沼澤時，他十分驚訝。他和一隻叫驢子的驢成為朋友，並一起前往杜洛城與法克談判。法克須要和費歐娜公主結婚才能成為杜洛城的國王。法克答應如果他們能從一隻巨大的火龍中救費歐娜出來就還回他寧靜的沼澤。兩人到達城堡後發現火龍原來是女性（小龍女），而且她愛上了驢子。
en: Shrek, a solitary ogre, finds a surprise when fairy tale creatures are sent to live in his swamp by Lord Farquaad. He befriends a talking donkey whose name is also Donkey, and they set off to meet with Farquaad. The latter needs Princess Fiona to marry him so he will become the king of Duloc. When Shrek and Donkey visit him, they are forced to rescue her from an enormous fire-breathing dragon. The Dragon turns out to be female, and she falls in love with Donkey.
qas: question: zh_tw: 如果菲歐娜公主和他結婚，他會成為什麼？
en: If Princess Fiona marries him. What will he be?
answers: zh_tw: text: 杜洛城的國王
en: text: king of Duloc
約翰・梅爾

context: zh_tw: 梅爾初期的曲風以搖滾及流行為主。直到 2005 年與著名的藍調歌手如比・比・金及艾瑞克・克萊普頓合作，而逐漸轉型為藍調歌手，並組成約翰梅爾三重奏（John Mayer Trio）推廣藍調。藍調的曲風可以從 2006 年推出的專輯《聲聲不息》（Continuum）中明顯感覺到。2007 年，梅爾分別以專輯《聲聲不息》及歌曲〈Waiting on the World to Change〉贏得第四十九屆葛萊美獎最佳流行專輯及最佳流行男歌手。梅爾的事業後來擴充套件至棟篤笑、設計及寫作；他並曾為雜誌寫了一些文章，大部份刊登於時尚先生雜誌（Esquire）。
qas: question: zh_tw: 梅爾曾為哪個雜誌寫過文章？
en: What magazine did Mayer write for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 時尚先生雜誌

context: zh_tw: 在當地的製作人兼工程師葛倫・馬圖洛（Glenn Matullo）的幫助下，梅爾錄製了一張獨立 EP《表達自我》（Inside Wants Out）。庫克也在 EP 中擔任許多歌曲的共同作曲人，特別是在梅爾的第一張單曲〈No Such Thing〉中。這張 EP 只收錄了八首歌，除了一首〈Comfortable〉只負責歌唱之外，每首都是由梅爾身兼主唱與吉他手。EP 的開頭曲〈Back To You〉並找了整個樂團協力演出，包括 EP 的共同製作人大衛・迪拉・勒布魯伊爾（David "DeLa" LaBruyere）擔任貝斯手。梅爾並與勒布魯伊爾開始在整個喬治亞州以及周圍的省分進行巡迴演唱。
qas: question: zh_tw: 梅爾的 EP 中收錄了多少首歌？
en: How many songs are in Mayer's EP?
answers: zh_tw: text: 八首歌
諾沙克峰
Noshaq

context: zh_tw: 諾沙克峰（Noshaq 或 Nowshak），是阿富汗的最高峰，也是興都庫什山脈中僅次於蒂裡傑米爾峰（7,708 公尺）的第二高峰。諾沙克峰位於阿富汗的東北部與巴基斯坦的國界線杜蘭德線上。
en: Noshaq (also called Nowshak or Nōshākh; Persian/Pashto: نوشاخ‎) is the second highest peak in the Hindu Kush Range (after Tirich Mir) at 7,492 m (24,580 ft).  It lies in the Wakhan corridor, on the border between Pakistan and Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan. It is the highest point in Afghanistan and is the world's westernmost 7,000 meter massif.
qas: question: zh_tw: 諾沙克峰有多高？
en: How tall is Noshaq?
answers: zh_tw: text: Nowshak），是阿富汗的最高峰，也是興都庫什山脈中僅次於蒂裡傑米爾峰（7,708 公尺）的第二高峰。
en: text: 7,492 m
格拉德溫・傑布

context: zh_tw: 休伯特・邁爾斯・格拉德溫・傑布，第一代格拉德溫男爵（Hubert Miles Gladwyn Jebb, 1st Baron Gladwyn，1900 年 4 月 25 日－1996 年 10 月 24 日）英國約克郡人，英國官員、外交官、政治家。曾代理聯合國秘書長。
qas: question: zh_tw: 休伯特・邁爾斯・格拉德溫・傑布是第幾代男爵？
en: What Baron rank was Hubert Miles Gladwyn Jebb?
answers: zh_tw: text: 第一代

context: zh_tw: 1924 年，格拉德溫・傑布進入英國外交系統，在德黑蘭服務，在那裡他結識了哈羅德・尼科爾森和維塔・薩克維爾 - 韋斯特。後來他先後在羅馬以及在倫敦的外交部（Foreign Office）工作，其中在外交部曾任外交部門主管的私人秘書。
qas: question: zh_tw: 在進入不在倫敦的英國外交部後，傑布在哪裡工作？
en: Where did Jebb later serve in after entering the British Diplomatic Service that wasn't London?
answers: zh_tw: text: 羅馬

context: zh_tw: 1940 年 8 月，被任命為經濟戰爭部（Ministry of Economic Warfare）臨時助理次官（Assistant Under-Secretary）。1942 年，出任重建部（Reconstruction Department）的領導。1943 年成為外交部顧問。他以該身份參加了許多國際會議，包括德黑蘭會議、雅爾塔會議和波茨坦會議。
qas: question: zh_tw: 傑布在哪些國家參加會議？
en: Which foreign countries did Jebb attend conferences at?
answers: zh_tw: text: 德黑蘭會議、雅爾塔會議和波茨坦會議

context: zh_tw: 1950 年到 1954 年，傑布任英國常駐聯合國代表。1954 年至 1960 年，任英國駐法國巴黎大使。在後一職務任內，令他憤怒的是，英國、法國和以色列人在 1956 年入侵蘇伊士之前的秘密談判在他不知情的情況下在塞夫爾舉行，並且在 1960 年巴黎 “大國” 首腦會議上被英國首相哈羅德・麥克米倫排除在外。傑布相當 “大氣” 的處事方式導致外交大臣塞爾文・勞埃造出了警句：“你是個雛，格拉德溫・傑布爵士。”1949 年，傑布被封為騎士。1960 年，被封為世襲貴族，成為格拉德溫男爵，作為自由黨的成員參政。他是 1965 年至 1988 年上議院自由黨副領導人，外交和國防事務發言人。作為一個熱心的歐洲人，他從 1973 年至 1976 年擔任歐洲議會議員，他也是議會政治委員會副主席。1979 年，在歐洲議會競選中未能獲得薩福克（Suffolk）的席位。
qas: question: zh_tw: 傑布的職位是什麼？
en: What was Jebbs position?
answers: zh_tw: text: 英國常駐聯合國代表

context: zh_tw: De Gaulle's Europe, or, Why the General says No, 1969
qas: question: zh_tw: 將軍咋說？
en: What does the general say?
answers: zh_tw: text: No, 1969
太空艙返回實驗
Space Capsule Recovery Experiment

context: zh_tw: 太空艙返回實驗（英語：Space Capsule Recovery Experiment，縮寫為 SRE）是印度發射的第一個返回式航天器。它于格林尼治標準時間 2007 年 1 月 10 日 03 點 53 分由印度空間研究組織（ISRO）從斯里哈里科塔的薩蒂什達萬航天中心發射升空。執行發射任務的運載火箭是印度自行研製的極軌衛星運載火箭 - C7，這是印度目前擁有的運載能力最大的火箭。同時發射的還有 3 顆人造衛星。SRE-1 太空艙在繞地球軌道執行 12 天后重返大氣層，於 1 月 22 日 04 點 16 分落入孟加拉灣。這次發射和返回的成功標誌著印度已經成為世界上僅有的幾個航天大國之一。
en: The Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SCRE or more commonly SRE or SRE-1) is an Indian experimental spacecraft which was launched at 03:53 UTC on January 10, 2007 from Sriharikota by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).  The launch was conducted using the PSLV C7 rocket, along with three other satellites. It remained in orbit for 12 days before re-entering the Earth's atmosphere and splashing down into the Bay of Bengal at 04:16 UTC on January 22.
qas: question: zh_tw: SRE-1 什麼時候重返大氣層？
en: When did SRE-1 return from space?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1 月 22 日
en: text: January 22.