丙烷
Propane

context: zh_tw: 丙烷是一個三碳的烷烴，化學式為 C3H8，通常為氣態，但一般經過壓縮成液態後運輸。原油或天然氣處理後，可以從成品油中得到丙烷。丙烷通常用來作為發動機、燒烤食品及家用取暖系統的燃料。
en: Propane () is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C3H8. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, but compressible to a transportable liquid. A by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining, it is commonly used as a fuel. Propane is one of a group of liquefied petroleum gases (LP gases). The others include butane, propylene, butadiene, butylene, isobutylene, and mixtures thereof.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼是丙烷？
en: what is propane?
answers: zh_tw: text: 一個三碳的烷烴，化學式為 C3H8
en: text: a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C3H8

context: zh_tw: 1910 年，在美國礦業局工作的 Walter O. Snelling 博士在汽油中發現了一種易揮發的物質，即丙烷。這些極為活潑的輕碳氫化合物有著很高的蒸汽壓，很容易從未精煉的汽油中揮發。同年 3 月 31 日，紐約時報報導了沃爾特博士關於液化氣的工作：“... 一個鐵瓶中的‘氣體’足夠一個普通家庭用上三個星期。” 此後，沃爾特博士與其他人合作研究出了在精煉汽油的過程中液化丙烷的辦法。他們也一起建立了第一個商業銷售丙烷的美國石油氣公司。1911 年，沃爾特博士已經能夠製備高純度的丙烷並在同年 3 月 25 日獲得專利，專利號碼為 1056845。另一個由弗蘭克・彼得斯發明的透過壓縮製備石油液化氣在 1912 年獲得專利。
en: Propane was discovered by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot in 1857. It was found dissolved in Pennsylvanian light crude oil by Edmund Ronalds in 1864. Walter O. Snelling of the U.S. Bureau of Mines highlighted it as a volatile component in gasoline in 1910, which was the beginning of the propane industry in the United States. The volatility of these lighter hydrocarbons caused them to be known as "wild" because of the high vapor pressures of unrefined gasoline. On March 31, 1912, The New York Times reported on Snelling's work with liquefied gas, saying "a steel bottle will carry enough gas to light an ordinary home for three weeks".It was during this time that Snelling, in cooperation with Frank P. Peterson, Chester Kerr, and Arthur Kerr, created ways to liquefy the LP gases during the refining of gasoline. Together, they established American Gasol Co., the first commercial marketer of propane. Snelling had produced relatively pure propane by 1911, and on March 25, 1913, his method of processing and producing LP gases was issued patent #1,056,845. A separate method of producing LP gas through compression was created by Frank Peterson and its patent granted on July 2, 1912.The 1920s saw increased production of LP gas, with the first year of recorded production totaling 223,000 US gallons (840 m3) in 1922. In 1927, annual marketed LP gas production reached 1 million US gallons (3,800 m3), and by 1935, the annual sales of LP gas had reached 56 million US gallons (210,000 m3). Major industry developments in the 1930s included the introduction of railroad tank car transport, gas odorization, and the construction of local bottle-filling plants. The year 1945 marked the first year that annual LP gas sales reached a billion gallons. By 1947, 62% of all U.S. homes had been equipped with either natural gas or propane for cooking.In 1950, 1,000 propane-fueled buses were ordered by the Chicago Transit Authority, and by 1958, sales in the U.S. had reached 7 billion US gallons (26,000,000 m3) annually. In 2004, it was reported to be a growing $8-billion to $10-billion industry with over 15 billion US gallons (57,000,000 m3) of propane being used annually in the U.S.The "prop-" root found in "propane" and names of other compounds with three-carbon chains was derived from "propionic acid", which in turn was named after the Greek words protos (meaning first) and pion (fat).
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼是已知的易揮發的物質？
en: What were known to be wild?
answers: zh_tw: text: 丙烷
en: text: hydrocarbons

question: zh_tw: 何時發展主要行業？
answers: en: text: 1930s

context: zh_tw: 在 1920 年代，液化石油氣的產量激增，現有的最早記錄顯示在 1922 年共生產了 223000 加侖。1927 年，年銷量已經接近 100 萬加侖。而到了 1935 年，年銷量已經達到 560 萬加侖。1930 年代工業上的主要發展包括使用軌道交通運輸、加入惡臭氣體以及增加丙烷填充終端。1945 年，液化石油氣的年銷量達到了 10 億加侖。截止 1947 年，62% 以上的美國家庭用上了天然氣或丙烷作為做飯的燃料。
qas: question: zh_tw: 何時發展主要行業？
en: When did Major industry development?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1930 年代