Daily Universal Register | Article about Daily Universal Register by The Free Dictionary Daily Universal Register | Article about Daily Universal Register by The Free Dictionary (redirected from Daily Universal Register) Also found in: Wikipedia . Times, the a British daily newspaper. The Times, founded in 1785, is published in London by Times Newspapers, Ltd. It has close ties with the monopolistic circles of the country. The newspaper sides with the leadership of the Conservative Party on many issues. Circulation, more than 400,000 (1975). Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.

The Times The Times ▼ Primary Sources ▼ The Times In 1785 John Walter's career as a Lloyd's underwriter in London was at an end. An increase in insurance claims arising from a hurricane in Jamaica had ruined his business. Close to bankruptcy, John Walter decided to look for a new form of business. While an underwriter at Lloyds he became aware of a new method of typesetting called logography. The inventor, Henry Johnson, claimed that this new method of typesetting was faster and more accurate because it allowed more than one letter to be set at a time. John Walter purchased Johnson's patent and decided to start a printing company. John Walter came to the conclusion that he had to find a good way of publicizing his logography system. Eventually he came up with the idea of producing a daily advertising sheet. The first edition of the Daily Universal Register was published on 1st January, 1785. The newspaper was in competition with eight other daily newspapers in London . Like the other newspapers,it included parliamentary reports, foreign news and advertisements. John Walter made it clear in the first edition of the newspaper that he was primarily concerned with advertising revenue: "The Register, in its politics, will be of no party.

Due attention should be paid to the interests of trade, which are so greatly promoted by advertisements." After a couple of years John Walter had discovered that logography was not going to have the impact on the printing industry that he had initially thought when he started the Daily Universal Register . However, he was now convinced he could make a profit from newspapers. Especially when he was able to negotiate a secret deal where he was paid £300 a year to publish stories favourable to the government. In 1788 John Walter decided to change the name and the style of his newspaper. Walter now started to produce a newspaper that appealed to a larger audience. This included stories of the latest scandals and gossip about famous people in London. Walter called his new paper The Times . One of these stories about the Prince of Wales resulted in Walter being fined £50 and sentenced to two years in Newgate Prison . In January, 1803 John Walter's son, John Walter II , became the new proprietor of The Times . John Walter II decided he wanted to run a newspaper that was independent of government control. He began employing young journalist who supported political reform including Henry Crabbe Robinson, Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt and Thomas Barnes .

The newspaper turned away from government minister's handouts and instead developed its own news-getting organisation. John Walter II also introduced new technology into The Times . In 1817 he installed a steam-powered Koenig printing machine. This increased the speed that newspapers could be printed and by the end of the year, the newspaper was selling over 7,000 copies a day. In the same year that the newspaper obtained their steam-powered printing machine, Thomas Barnes became the new editor of the newspaper. Barnes was a strong advocate on independent reporting. In 1819 he published a several articles written by John Edward Taylor and John Tyas on the Peterloo Massacre . The Times criticised the way Lord Liverpool's government was dealing with those arguing for political reform. After the massacre The Times began to argue for parliamentary reform . By 1830 the newspaper was constantly urging the Whig government to take action. The views of the newspaper and its editor, Thomas Barnes , had a great influence on public opinion. The government tax on newspapers meant that its price of 7d. made it too expensive for most people to buy. However, copies were available in reading rooms. In 1831 the Tory St.

James's Chronicle claimed that "for every one copy of The Times that is purchased for the usual purposes, nine we venture to say are purchased to be lent to the wretched characters who, being miserable, look to political changes for an amelioration of their condition." In Parliament the Tories complained about The Times campaign. In a debate that took place in the House of Commons on 7th March, 1832, Sir Robert Peel argued that the newspaper was the "principal and most powerful advocate of Reform" in Britain. After the 1832 Reform Act was passed The Times called it the "greatest event of modern history." The Times also campaigned for the rights of trade unionists. In 1834 it became involved in what became known as the case of the Tolpuddle Martyrs . The Times condemned the decision to prosecute six farmworkers at Tolpuddle for "administering illegal oaths". The Times also supported the demands that the men should be reprieved after they were sentenced to transportation for seven years. In 1834 a group of Whigs purchased control of the Morning Chronicle . Thomas Barnes disagreed with the way the Morning Chronicle gave "slavish support to the government".

Barnes had talks with the leaders of the Conservative Party and after they had agreed that they would not attempt to interfere with reforms introduced by the Whigs such as the 1832 Reform Act and the Tithe Act , he agreed that the newspaper would became a supporter of Sir Robert Peel and his new government. Thomas Barnes remained editor of The Times until his death on 7th May 1841. John Walter II made the surprising decision to invite the twenty-three year old John Delane to take over the job. Unlike Barnes, Delane rarely wrote for the paper. Delane held liberal views on most issues, but believed it was the role of a newspaper to be independent of political parties. In 1852 he wrote that it is the "duty of the journalist is the same as that of the historian - to seek truth above all things". However, he added that The Times "owes its first duty to the national interests" and that the "ends of government were absolutely identical with those of the press". Delane had good contacts with senior members of both the Whigs and Tories .

This enabled him on 4th December, 1845, to be the first to announce that the government planned to repeal the corn laws . This information came from one of his closest friends, Lord Aberdeen . When The Times reporter, William Russell , began to send critical articles about the way the British Army was running the Crimean War , Delane and the Liberal MP, John Roebuck , called for a government enquiry. Delane's campaign eventually helped to bring down Aberdeen's government. Afterwards Tories complained that Delane's political views were being influenced by the hospitality of the new prime minister, Lord Palmerston . John Delane also gave vigorous support to Florence Nightingale and her attempt to reform military hospitals. With the support of Delane and the The Times , Nightingale was able to raise £59,000 to improve the quality of nursing. In 1860 she used this money to found the Nightingale School & Home for Nurses at St. Thomas's Hospital. In 1864 Delane upset John Bright when he accused him of being in favour of "dividing the lands of the rich among the poor". When Bright wrote a letter of complaint to The Times , Delane refused to print.

Later, Bright published the correspondence between himself and Delane as a pamphlet: "to show the surreptitious relations which a journal professedly anonymous and independent maintains with the government". John Delane retired as editor of The Times in 1877 and was replaced by Thomas Chernery. In 1898, Lord Northcliffe had attempted to buy The Times . The Walter family refused but when Northcliffe tried again in 1908, his offer of £320,000 was accepted. Circulation of the paper had fallen to 38,000 and was losing money. Northcliffe re-equipped its outdated printing plant, reduced the newspaper's price by a penny to twopence, and appointed a new editor, Geoffrey Dawson. In March, 1914, Northcliffe reduced the price even further, and by the outbreak of the First World War , the one penny Times was selling 278,000 copies a day.During the early stages of the war Northcliffe created a great deal of controversy by advocating conscription and criticizing David Lloyd George and Lord Kitchener . This upset many readers and circulation of The Times began to fall again.

Harmsworth stopped attacking the government and in 1918 was asked to take control of British war propaganda. After a row with Northcliffe, Dawson resigned as editor of The Times in 1919. He was replaced by Henry Wickham Steed , the former foreign correspondent. When Lord Northcliffe , died in 1922, the newspaper passed into the hands of John Jacob Astor, the younger son of Lord Astor. The Times | British newspaper | Britannica.com British newspaper Alternative Titles: “The Daily Universal Register”, “The Times of London” Related Topics London 1970s overview The Times, daily newspaper published in London , one of Britain’s oldest and most influential newspapers. It is generally accounted, with The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph , one of Britain’s “big three” and has long been recognized as one of the world’s greatest newspapers. Screenshot of the online home page of The Times.

© Times Newspapers Ltd 2011 Founded by John Walter on January 1, 1785, as The Daily Universal Register, the newspaper began as a 2 1/2-penny broadsheet whose main function was to publicize a system of typography in which Walter was then interested. It became The Times on January 1, 1788, publishing commercial news and notices, along with some scandal. The founder’s son, John Walter II , took over the newspaper in 1803. He expanded it from 4 pages to 12 large pages, and, by the time control of the paper passed to his son, John Walter III , in 1848, the foundations of The Times’s reputation as Britain’s preeminent national journal and daily historical record had been laid.

Under its first great liberal editor, Thomas Barnes (editor from 1817 to 1841), The Times developed into a strong independent newspaper popularly described as the “Thunderer.” By the mid-1800s it had become a widely respected influence on British public opinion, and its circulation had grown from 5,000 in 1815 to 40,000 in 1850. The Times maintained rigorous standards of reporting and writing and strove for meticulous accuracy. It came to be ruled by tradition, although its editorial views were independent, articulate , and strong. It was also seen as the very epitome of the British establishment, yet repeatedly it introduced innovative changes. John T. Delane became editor in 1841, and in his 36-year tenure his brilliant journalistic imprint was left on every aspect of the paper. In the midst of expanding The Times’s national coverage, he hired the world’s first war correspondent, William Howard Russell , to cover the Crimean War (1853–56). The British government first learned of Russian peace proposals in The Times.

Similar Topics London Times | Little Bits of History Little Bits of History Posted in History by patriciahysell on January 1, 2013 John Walter January 1, 1788: The first edition of The Times of London is published. The paper was founded in 1785 by John Walter. Originally called The Daily Universal Register, after 940 issues, the name was changed. Walter was not only founder but editor as well. Born in 1738 or 1739, he was educated at Merchant Taylors’ School and became a wealthy coal merchant. He over-speculated as an underwriter for Lloyds of London and went bust. In 1782, Walter purchased a patent which improved logotypes for printing. Rather than simply letters, there were words or portions of words included. He improved on the idea and in 1784 he bought an old printing office. He began by printing books. Then on January 1, 1785 he started a newspaper. Three years later, he changed the name. It was his pioneering journalistic efforts which brought news from the Continent, especially France, to the London readers.

He was sent to Newgate Prison in 1789 for libel printed in The Times. John Walter, Jr. took over editorship of the paper in 1799 after another libel case was brought against his father. The subject matter covered in the press ranged from politics to science and literature to the arts, all the while building a sound reputation for reporting. Policy makers and financiers read The Times, looking for accurate news from home and abroad. The readership grew and there were few competitors. By 1850, with John Walter III in charge, penny press papers were encroaching on The Times’ turf and financial ruin was a possibility. The Walters family owned the paper until 1908 when Lord Northcliffe took ownership. The Astor family took over in 1922 and Roy Thompson bought them out in 1966. News International, run by Rupert Murdoch, has owned the paper since 1981. James Harding has been Editor since 2007. The daily paper holds a political allegiance to the center-right. Their headquarters are in Wapping, London. The paper’s circulation is nearly 620,000 with more news available online.

The British Business Survey of 2005 named The Times as their preferred UK newspaper. “Newspapermen learn to call a murderer ‘an alleged murderer’ and the King of England ‘the alleged King of England’ to avoid libel suits.” – Stephen Leacock “It’s amazing that the amount of news that happens in the world every day always just exactly fits the newspaper.” – Jerry Seinfeld “A newspaper consists of just the same number of words, whether there be any news in it or not.” – Henry Fielding “People everywhere confuse what they read in newspapers with news.” – A. J. Liebling This article first appeared at Examiner.com in 2010 . Editor’s update: As the internet provides news for more and more people, the circulation of many papers has fallen and many more have simply gone out of print. The Times remains with both a print and internet presence. They are still owned by News Corporation and James Harding remains the editor. They political alignment is considered to be Conservative (Center-right). Their circulation has fallen to about 400,000 since this was first published. Also on this day: Julian Calendar – In 45 BC, a new calendar went into effect.

Available Newspapers at Bygone News - Original Newspapers from 1900 Available Newspapers List of Newspapers available at Bygone News Bygone News has a wide selection of well know newspapers, Sunday newspapers and also a collection of regional and specialist newspapers. Below is a list of all the newspapers we have in stock, including the well known papers such as The Times, Daily Telegraph and The Independent. If you are interested to purchase a newspaper from a specific date, then please have a look at our Newspapers section in our store. Here you can choose what gift package best suits your need, from a Standard Newspaper , Deluxe Gift Box , Personalised Newspaper and much more. Once you have picked the option, then simply select the date that you desire and see what Newspapers are available. To find out more about the newspapers we have, please call Bygone News on our freephone number 0800 138 0990 or message us via our Contact Us page. Daily Newspapers Birmingham Mail Bristol Evening Post The Bristol Evening Post was Launched in 1932, covering the whole of Bristol, Northern Somerset and South Gloucestershire. Bristol Times & Mirror Local Bristol Newspaper.

British Gazette The British Gazette newspaper was published by the Government during the General Strike of 1926. Daily Express Daily Express was launched on 24th April 1900 by C. Arthur Pearson. First national daily to put news on the front page. Daily Express - Eire Edition Daily Express was launched on 24th April 1900 by C. Arthur Pearson. First national daily to put news on the front page. Daily Express - Ulster Edition Daily Express was launched on 24th April 1900 by C. Arthur Pearson. First national daily to put news on the front page. Daily Graphic Daily Graphic was launched on 4th January 1890, first daily illustrated paper. Absorbed with the Daily Sketch in 1946, then merged with the Daily Mail in 1971. Daily Herald Daily Herald launched on 25th January 1911. First newspaper to sell two million copies, renamed to The Sun on 15th September 1964.

Daily Mail Daily Mail was launched on 4th May 1896 by Alfred Harmsworth, was a broadsheet size until 1st May 1971. Daily Mirror Daily Mirror was launched on 2nd November 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth. First daily illustrated exclusively with photographs. Daily News The Daily News was launched in 1846, it’s first editor was Charles Dickens, it finally merged with the Daily Chronicle in 1930 and renamed itself the News Chronicle. Daily Record The Daily Record was founded in 1985 and is a Scottish tabloid newspaper based in Glasgow. Daily Sketch Daily Sketch was launched on 2nd March 1909. Absorbed by its sister paper the Daily Graphic in 1946 then merged with the Daily Mail in 1971. Daily Star Daily Star was launched on 2nd November 1978. Daily Telegraph Daily Telegraph was launched on 29th June 1855 Financial Times The Financial Times was launched in 1888.

The Guardian Manchester Guardian was launched on 5th May 1821 founded by John Edward Taylor, changes title to the Guardian on 24th August 1959, then moved to London in 1961. Herald Express Herald Express was launched on 13th July 1925 covering the Tobay area. Illustrated London News The Illustrated London News was launched in 1842,the world's first illustrated weekly newspaper. It was published weekly until 1971. The Independent Daily Sketch was launched on 2nd March 1909. Absorbed by its sister paper the Daily Graphic in 1946 then merged with the Daily Mail in 1971. Irish Daily Mirror Daily Mirror was launched on 2nd November 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth. First daily illustrated exclusively with photographs. Leicester Evening Mail Yorkshire Post Sunday Newspapers Empire News The Empire News was launched in 1884 but called The Umpire based in Manchester.

In 1917 it was renamed the Empire News, 1955 it merged with the Sunday Chronicle and then finally merged it into the News of the World in 1960. Independent on Sunday Independent on Sunday was launched on 28th January 1990. Irish Sunday Mirror Daily Mirror was launched on 2nd November 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth. First daily illustrated exclusively with photographs. Lloyds Sunday News Lloyds Sunday News was launched in 1842, but merged with the Sunday Graphic in August 1931. Mail on Sunday Mail on Sunday was launched on 2nd May 1982 by Vere Harmsworth. New York Herald New York Herald was launched on 6th May 1835. Ceased in 1924. The News of the World Reynolds News The Reynold’s News was launched in 1850, renamed in 1962 to the Sunday Citizen. Ceased in 1967.

Scottish Sunday Express Scottish Sunday Mirror Sunday Pictorial was launched on 14th March 1915 by Rothermere and was renamed the Sunday Mirror in 1963. Sunday Chronicle The Sunday Chronicle was launched on August 1855 based in Manchester, in 1955 it merged with the Empire News and then finally merged into the News of The World in 1960 Sunday Correspondent Sunday Correspondent launched on 17th September 1989. Ceased publication 25 November 1990. Sunday Dispatch The Sunday Dispatch was launched on 27th September 1801 but it was called the Weekly Dispatch until 1928, ceased in 1961. Sunday Express Sunday Express was launched on 29th December 1918 by Lord Beaverbrook. Sunday Graphic Sunday Graphic was launched in 1927, formally known as the Sunday Herald. In 1931 it was merged with the Sunday News. It ceased publication on 4 December 1960. Sunday Mail The Sunday Mail is a Scottish tabloid newspaper. It is the sister paper of the Daily Record.

Sunday Mirror Sunday Pictorial was launched on 14th March 1915 by Rothermere and was renamed the Sunday Mirror in 1963. The Sunday Observer Sunday Observer was launched on 1st December 1791, oldest surviving Sunday newspaper. Sunday People The Sunday People was launched on 16th October 1881 previously known as The People. Sunday Pictorial Sunday Pictorial was launched on 14th March 1915 by Lord Rothermere. Became Sunday Mirror in 1963. Sunday Post The Sunday Post was launched in 1914 published in Dundee. Sunday Referee The Sunday Referee was launched in 1877 known as The Referee, primarily covering sports news till 1939 when it merged with the Sunday Chronicle. The Sunday Telegraph Sunday Telegraph was launched on 5th February 1961. The Sunday Times Sunday Times was launched on 20th October 1822. Sunday Today The Sunday Today is a tabloid newspaper. It is the sister paper of the Today newspaper. The Times on Sunday (War Edition) Printed only to report on the War effort.

Welsh Daily Mirror Daily Mirror was launched on 2nd November 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth. First daily illustrated exclusively with photographs. 100% Secure Payments Georgian Index - British Newspapers British Newspapers London Gazette, publishing frequency was irregular. 1702 - March 11 Daily Courant founded, first daily paper. 1704 Weekly Review founded by Daniel Defoe. 1704 - Aug 12 Earliest surviving copy of a provincial newspaper- William Bonny's Bristol Post-Boy (No. 91). 1705 Evening Post, first evening newspaper, founded. 1709 Worcester Post-Man founded. Became Berrow's Worcester Journal in 1753. Britain's oldest surviving non-official newspaper. 1710 unknown Examiner founded, with Swift briefly as editor. Another paper with this name was started by the Hunts in 1808. 1711 1712 Spectator founded by Sir Richard Steele and Joseph Addison, published daily. Some issues ran to 3,000 copies sold. 1713 Stamford Mercury founded, second oldest surviving provincial newspaper.

1719 Daily Post founded, with Defoe as contributor. 1727 Belfast Newsletter, the world's oldest surviving general daily newspaper, founded. 1747 - Dec 29 Aberdeen Journal founded, later Press and Journal, the oldest surviving Scottish newspaper. 1754 Leedes Intelligencer founded, later the Yorkshire Post. 1755 - Oct 18 Bath Advertiser, Bath's second newspaper, founded to include 'Lists of the Nobility and Gentry resorting to the BATH; with an Account of Plays perform'd at both the Theatres'. 1760 - Jan 12 Public Ledger founded: oldest British periodical with continuous daily publication. 1769 Morning Post founded by John Bell. Merged with Daily Telegraph in 1937. 1779 First London Sunday newspaper: (Mrs) E. Johnson's British Gazette and Sunday Monitor. 1780 - Nov 1 1785 - Jan 1 Star and Evening Advertiser launched: the first daily evening newspaper. 1789 1790 - June 20 Sunday Chronicle announces 4 a.m. Sunday morning publication, instead of Saturday night.

All Sunday papers adopt the practice about this time. 1791 - Dec 1 1792 The Sporting Magazineor Monthly Calendar of the Transactions of the Turf, the Chase and every other Diversion, Interesting to the Man of Pleasure, Enterprise and Spirit. 1794 - Feb 8 Morning Advertiser founded by the Licensed Victuallers Association. In 1815 it became the first daily published in Fleet Street. 1796 - May 1 Weekly Dispatch launched. Became Sunday Dispatch in 1928. 1802 - Jan 1 Cobbett's Annual Register founded, later Cobbett's Weekly Political Register. 1803 Cambrian launched in Swansea. First newspaper published in Wales. 1808 - Jan 3 Examiner launched. Editor Leigh Hunt imprisoned in 1813 for publishing criticism of the Prince Regent. 1808 North Wales Gazette launched in Bangor. First newspaper published in North Wales. 1810 Baptist Minister, Joseph Harrris launches Seren Gomer ['Star of Gomer'] in Swansea. First Welsh-language newspaper. 1817 - Jan 25 New Observer launched.

Became the Sunday Times on 20 October 1822. 1821 - May 5 Manchester Guardian founded by John Edward Taylor. 1822 1822 - March 3 Bell's Life in London adds and Sporting Chronicle to its title. First newspaper to include sport as a major component. Merged with Sporting Life in 1886. 1827 - May 21 Standard launched, later Evening Standard. 1828 - July 5 Northern Star, major Chartist newspaper, founded in Leeds by Feargus O'Connor. 1841 - July 17 Punch founded. Ceased publication in 1992; re-launched in 1996. 1841 - Nov 12 Jewish Chronicle founded. Oldest Jewish newspaper in the world. 1842 - May 14 Illustrated London News launched: first fully illustrated weekly. 1842 - Nov 27 Lloyd's Illustrated London Newspaper launched, later Lloyd's Weekly News. Became Sunday News in 1923; incorporated with Sunday Graphic in 1931.

1843 Yr Amserau ['The Times'] founded in Liverpool by John Jones and edited by William Rees. Published in the Isle of Man between July and September 1848. Merged with Baner Cymru ['Banner of Wales'] in 1859 under Thomas Gee to become Baner ac Amserau Cymru. 1843 - Sept 2 Economist founded, to campaign for free trade. 1843 - Oct 1 News of the World founded by John Browne Bell at 3d. Newsagents at first refused to handle it at such a low price. 1846 Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory founded, later Benn's Media Directory. 1846 - Jan 21 Daily News launched, edited by Charles Dickens. 1850 - May 5 Reynold's Weekly Newspaper launched. Became Sunday Citizen in 1962. 1851 Reuters News Agency opens in London. 1855 - June 29 Stamp duty imposed on newspapers advertisements. 1738 All parliamentary reporting suppressed.

1763 First open reporting of Parliament since June 1738, in the North Briton under John Wilkes, who was prosecuted for seditious libel. 1771 Press wins the right to report Parliamentary proceedings. 1806 - Jan 10 First use of illustration in the Times: Nelson's funeral. 1814, Nov. 24 First issue of a newspaper - the Times - printed on a (Koenig) power press. 1815 Stamp Duty increased to 4d per sheet. 1832 First recorded British newspaper cartoon, published in Bell's New Weekly Messenger. 1844, Aug 6 The first story based on a telegraphed report is printed in the Times: birth of Queen's son at Windsor. 1848 William Howard Russell joins staff of the Times. He will soon become first professional war correspondent. 1848 First W.H. Smith station bookstall opened, at Euston. 1853, Aug Abolition of advertisement tax. 1855, July 1 Repeal of the Stamp Act opens the way for cheap, mass-circulation newspapers and modern newspaper design in terms of spacing and headlines.

The Times Newspaper Archive - Historic Newspapers Historic Newspapers Free Delivery when buying 3 or more items 03300 669700 Call for Assistance The Times Newspaper Archive Search Past Dates for Back Issues of The Times Enter any date below to search for the availability of The Times on your special day from the UK's largest archive. After entering a date, the titles available will be displayed; there will then be an option to select a gift presentation pack if required. Finally, add the recipient's name to the certificate of authenticity alongside your chosen date, and message, for the perfect gift that they will treasure forever. Choose your Date View Available Newspapers from the Archive Choose your Gift Pack option Personalise your Certificate of Authenticity The Perfect Gift for Any Occasion The Times Archives Historic Newspapers have the largest archive of old Times newspapers in the world. This was largely due to its popularity as a trusted source by both government and education institutions that held past copies for their own records. One of the most popular special occasions to purchase an original Times newspaper for is someone's birthday, it makes the perfect commemorative gift and offers a great trip down memory lane.

Recipient's of vintage Times newspapers not only love reading the headlines and front pages from major events the day they were born but also gaining an unrivalled insight into the way things were when they were too young to remember first hand. This is achieved not only through the topical coverage but also the writing style that is synonymous with an original Times newspaper which can still be seen today. The Times 1932 Born in 1932? This was also the birth year of actress Elizabeth Taylor and evolutionist Bryan Clarke who is also celebrating his 80th birthdays this year. Some other interesting historical events from 1932 include: Date Event 19th March 1932 The Sydney Harbour Bridge was opened, Sydney's tallest structure until 1967 and still the world's tallest steel arch bridge. September-October 1932 The largest national hunger march in Britain took place in London, followed by later marches in 1934 and 1936. 3rd October 1932 The world famous Times New Roman typeface was first used by The Times following its commission a year earlier.

The Times 1942 If you were born in 1942 then you also share your date of birth with actor Bob Hoskins and physicist Stephen Hawking. Interesting events likely to be covered in an old Times 70th birthday newspaper from this year include: Date Following the death of George VI princess Elizabeth claims the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. 2nd May 1952 The first commercial jet airliner service was launched called Comet, despite some initial issues many of the jets are still in use today. 5th October 1952 For the first time in 12 years due to the war tea rationing in Britain was abolished. The Times 1962 If 1962 is your birth year then it's also shared with Olympic swimmer Sharron Davies and presenter Philip Schofield.

Celebrities you can expect to see in a back issue Times 50th Birthday newspaper from 1962 range from rock to film stars: Date Event 12th July 1962 The Rolling Stones made their debut in one of British music's most celebrated venues - The Marquee Club 5th August 1962 Marilyn Monroe found at home dead in bed at the age of 36 under slightly suspicious circumstances 29th November 1962 Britain and France agree to collaborate on the Concord, an arrangement primarily struck due to the high costs involved The Times 1972 Those born in 1972 also share their date of birth with actor Jude Law and comedian/actress Miranda Hart, events appearing in The Times from this birthdate may include: Date The Munich Olympics terror attacks take place and leave the world in shock. 29th November 1972 The video game generation is born with the Atari release of Pong, the first game to achieve commercial success. A Brief History of The Times The Times is part of Times Newspapers Limited and is a subsidiary of News International, which is owned by the News Corporation group under Mr Rupert Murdoch (the world media baron).

It is printed Monday-Saturday in compact (tabloid) format and has an average daily circulation of 600,962 as of December 2008. The newspaper is traditionally a moderately centre-right newspaper, but supported the Labour Party under Tony Blair at the general elections in 2001 and 2005. Nevertheless, the Times changed allegiance on 1st May 2010 by officially endorsing the Conservative Party for the first time in 18 years. The Times was originally founded as The Daily Universal Register on 1st January 1785 by John Walter. In his opening editorial, John Walter declared that a newspaper "ought to be the register of the times and faithful recorder of every species of intelligence; it ought not to be engrossed by any particular object; but like a well covered table, it should contain something suited to every palate: observations on the dispositions of our own and of foreign courts should be provided for the political reader; debates should be reported for the amusement or information of those who may be particularly fond of them; and a due attention should be paid to the interests of trade, which are so greatly promoted by advertisements".

On 1st January 1788, John Walter changed the name of the newspaper to The Times, which is a newspaper title recognised worldwide today as a newspaper of record. The Times remained in the Walter family for four generations up to 1908, when it was bought by Alfred Harmsworth (later Lord Northcliffe) of the Daily Mail. On the death of Lord Northcliffe in 1922, the newspaper was purchased by John Jacob Astor, who was a son of William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor of The Observer newspaper (and should not be confused with John Jacob Astor IV who died on The Titanic in 1912). The Astor family sold The Times to the Canadian media entrepreneur Roy Thomson (1st Baron Thomson of Fleet) in 1966. Rupert Murdoch's News International purchased The Times (as part of Times Newspaper Limited) from Roy Thomson in 1981. The Times Library Edition was introduced on 2nd July 1917. This was a special edition printed on quality paper for libraries and royal palaces.

It was renamed the Times Royal Edition in 1922 and continued to be printed until 31st December 1969. On 3rd May 1966 The Times printed news stories on the front page for the first time- the front page had previously been dedicated to advertisements and paid announcements (births, marriages & deaths) which helped significantly towards the costs of producing the newspaper. The Times newspaper was closed down due to an industrial dispute from 1st December 1978 until 12th November 1979 and thus no Times newspapers were printed during this period (first issue after the strike was 13th November 1979). The Times magazine (which should not be confused with Time magazine) was first printed as the Saturday colour magazine supplement of the newspaper on 13th March 1993. The Times newspaper was a broadsheet newspaper until November 2003, when it started to produce a compact (tabloid) edition of the newspaper in addition to the broadsheet edition.

Since 1st November 2004, the newspaper has been printed in compact format only- although its sister paper The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet newspaper and the new "Saturday Review" supplement of the Saturday edition of the Times is also printed in broadsheet format. Currently, the main regular supplement in The Times (Monday-Friday) is the "times2" features section which includes TV/Radio listings and reviews. There is also "The Game" sports section which appears on Mondays only and the "Bricks & Mortar" property supplement on Fridays. The Saturday edition of the newspaper was re-launched on 24th January 2009 with the "Money" section incorporated into the main newspaper whilst the sports coverage was given its own separate section. Thus the Saturday edition currently includes "The Times Magazine", the "Playlist" magazine (TV/Radio listings and film/theatre & music reviews) plus the "Saturday Review" (arts & books), "Weekend" (body & soul, food & drink and travel) and "Sport" newspaper supplements.

Click for More Info Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Eighteenth Century Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Eighteenth Century A Concise History of the British Newspaper, century by century, complied by our experts. Farley's Bath Journal 18 October 1756. British Library Newspaper Library. Copyright © The British Library Board 1701 - Sept 6 : Estimated first issue of the Norwich Post: probably the first provincial newspaper. 1702 - March 11 : Daily Courant founded, first daily paper. Ceased publication in 1735. 1704 : Weekly Review founded by Daniel Defoe. 1704 - Aug 12 : Earliest surviving copy of a provincial newspaper: William Bonny's Bristol Post-Boy (No. 91). 1705 : Edinburgh Courant founded. 1706 : Evening Post, first evening newspaper, founded. 1709 : First Copyright Act. 1709 : Tatler founded by Steele and Addison. 1709 : Worcester Post-Man founded. Became Berrow's Worcester Journal in 1753. Britain's oldest surviving non-official newspaper.

1710 : Examiner founded, with Swift briefly as editor. 1711 : Spectator founded by Steele and Addison. 1712 - Aug : Stamp duty imposed on newspapers and advertisements. 1713 : Stamford Mercury founded, second oldest surviving provincial newspaper. 1719 : Daily Post founded, with Defoe as contributor. 1727 : London Evening Post founded. Ceased publication in 1797. 1730 - Feb 3 : Daily Advertiser founded. Ceased publication in 1798. 1731 : Gentleman's Magazine founded by Edward Cave. Ceased publication in 1914. 1734 : Lloyd's List founded. 1737 : Belfast Newsletter, the world's oldest surviving general daily newspaper, founded. 1738 : All parliamentary reporting suppressed. 1747 - Dec 29 : Aberdeen Journal founded, later Press and Journal, the oldest surviving Scottish newspaper. Enlarge 1754 : Leedes Intelligencer founded, later the Yorkshire Post.

1755 - Oct 18 : Bath Advertiser, Bath's second newspaper, founded to include 'Lists of the Nobility and Gentry resorting to the BATH; with an Account of Plays perform'd at both the Theatres'. 1760 - Jan 12 : Public Ledger founded: oldest British periodical with continuous daily publication. 1763 : First open reporting of Parliament since June 1738, in the North Briton under John Wilkes, who was prosecuted for seditious libel. 1770 : Morning Chronicle founded. Ceased publication in 1862. 1771 : Press wins the right to report Parliamentary proceedings. 1772 : Morning Post founded by John Bell. Merged with Daily Telegraph in 1937. 1779 : First London Sunday newspaper: (Mrs) E. Johnson's British Gazette and Sunday Monitor. Ceased publication in 1829. 1780 - Nov 1 : Morning Herald founded. Ceased publication in 1869. 1785 - Jan 1 : Daily Universal Register founded by John Walter I.

Became the Times on 1 January 1788. Britain's oldest surviving newspaper with continuous daily publication. 1788 - May 3 : Star and Evening Advertiser launched: the first daily evening newspaper. 1790 - June 20 : Sunday Chronicle announces 4 a.m. Sunday morning publication, instead of Saturday night. All Sunday papers adopt the practice about this time. 1791 - Dec 1 : Observer founded: oldest surviving Sunday newspaper. 1794 - Feb 8 : Morning Advertiser founded by the Licensed Victuallers Association. In 1815 it became the first daily published in Fleet Street. 1796 - May 1 : Bell's Weekly Messenger founded. Ceased publication in 1896. The Bath Advertiser 15 November 1755. British Library Newspaper Library. Copyright © The British Library Board Newspapers and publishers at dawn of 19th century It is important to realize that "objective journalism" is a 20th Century concept. In the 17th through 19th Centuries all of the papers practiced an "advocacy" journalism.

The papers were for or against a cause, or the government. It mattered greatly to its publishers and readers whether the paper was Tory or Whig . The Tatler intended to differ, as it would contain only "accounts of gallantry, pleasure and entertainment" according to its first issue in 1709, but of course a slant is and was shown by the choice of gossip printed. These editorial slants changed with the owners, editors, or the payments received to print stories. For example The Times, under its first editor, received stories and funds directly from the government, and all papers through the early 19th printed only favourable theatre review because they were written and paid for by the theater owners. In defence of The Times, they were the the first to do their own reviews, and found themselves in a battle with the theater owners. A tax was first imposed on British newspapers in 1712. The tax was gradually increased until the 1815 Stamp Act increased it to 4d. a copy. As few people could afford to pay 6d. or 7d. for a newspaper, the tax restricted the circulation of most of these journals to people with fairly high incomes.

Some radicals, such as Richard Carlile, ignored the law and continued to publish his newspaper, The Republican without paying stamp duty. The tax remained high until 1855 when it was reduced to 1d. Where did the British citizen get his news ? What follows is a list of the better known newspapers with information about their inception and editorial slant. The London Gazette The London Gazette got its start in 1665 at Oxford. In the autumn or that year Charles II sought shelter from the Great Plague by removing to Oxford. He and his courtiers wanted newspapers to read, yet feared to even touch the London papers for fear that they might be infected. Therefore Leonard Litchfeld, the university printer, was authorized and ordered to bring out a local paper. On Tuesday, November 14, 1665, the first number of "The Oxford Gazette" appeared, and it continued afterwards through eleven weeks on Thursdays and Mondays. These papers were reprinted in London. After the courts return to London the Paper followed and "The London Gazette" made its first appearance, labelled as issue No. 24, on February 5, 1666.

James Perry moved to The London Gazette in 1783. Perry edited the newspaper for eight years but when it was purchased by a group of Tories, he left to publish the Morning Chronicle. The Tatler/The Spectator The Tatler was founded by Richard Steele with the first issue published on April 12th, 1709, followed by thrice weekly issues. The Tatler's the main contributor was Issac Bickerstaff, the pseudonym used by Richard Steele and Joseph Addison. The Tatler was immediately succeeded by the Spectator in 1711. The Tatler criticised the follies and foibles of society by the light of common sense. Its avowed intention was to present accounts of chivalry, pleasure, gossip, provide entertainment, and poetry. The aim of The Spectator, Addison said, was "...to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality." Steele attacked the false notions of honour that kept duelling in fashion. The kindly and witty essays by these men appealed to the middle class in the coffeehouses rather than to the nobility in their palaces.

The Spectator was issued six days a week and occasionally sold 3,000 papers at 1p. each. Part of the reason for the demise of the spectator was a stamp tax of 1p. which doubled the price of the paper. , Morning Chronicle In 1769 William Woodfall became the founding editor of the Morning Chronicle and pioneered the idea of Parliamentary reporting. Note-taking was not allowed in the House of Commons, so Mr. Woodfall remembered what was said and wrote it down afterwards. The paper was Whig and reform slanted. In 1779 Woodfall was found guilty of libel and was sentenced to twelve months in Newgate. In 1789 James Perry formed a partnership with James Gray and purchased the Morning Chronicle from William Woodfall as a result of the purchase of The London Gazette by a group of Tories. The newspaper now became a firm supporter of the Whigs in Parliament. Sales of the Morning Chronicle gradually increased and by 1810 the newspaper had a circulation of 7,000. He survived one prosecution for "seditious libel" but by 1798 he spent 3 months at Newgate for libelling the House of Lords.

The papers popularity and sales gradually increased gaining a circulation of 7,000 by 1810. By 1810 he was printing stories by Britain' best radical journalists. He was again prosecuted for Libeling George III in February of 1810. In 1813 William Hazlitt was employed as the parliamentary reporter for the Morning Chronicle. Hazlitt criticised both Tories and Whigs This is the paper that Charles Dickens first wrote for as a reporter 1834. The Morning Chronicle conducted the first investigative reporting in history with an 1849 story about the conditions of the labouring classes. The Morning Chronicle ceased publication in 1862. The Morning Post The Morning Post was founded in 1772. Daniel Stuart purchased the newspaper in 1795 and by employing writers such as Samuel Coleridge, Robert Southey, William Wordsworth and Charles Lamb, increased its status and its circulation. Daily Universal Register/ The Times Despite The Times illustrious reputation, its beginnings were less than auspicious. It was another business attempt by John Waters in 1785.

He had been an underwriter at Lloyds and lost severely due to a hurricane in Jamaica. He had enough money left to buy the patent rights to a typesetting process and started an advertising sheet to promote the process. He included minor news items in his sheet. After a couple years of advertising and publishing his sheet, he was still unable to sell his typesetting process but Waters was making money with the paper, then called the Daily Universal Registar. Part of the money that John Waters expected to make from his publishing enterprise was from an agreement that he would be paid 300 per year to print stories favorable to the government. In 1788 he changed the name to The Times and began to print gossip in an attempt to make the paper more popular. This led to his being fined and put in Newgate for two years over a story that he printed about the Prince of Wales. In 1803 his son John Walters II became the publisher and began to move the paper away from government control. He and his succeeding editor Thomas Barnes supported political and parliamentary reforms, especially after the Peterloo Massacre.

In a debate that took place in the House of Commons on 7th March, 1832, Sir Robert Peel argued that The Times was the "principal and most powerful advocate of Reform" in Britain. By 1834 the paper was respected enough that it is given credit for helping to bring down and force the replacement of the government. In 1810 Dr. John Stoddart, now the editor of The Times, appointed Thomas Barnes as the newspaper's parliamentary correspondent. In 1817, Dr. John Stoddart retired and Thomas Barnes became the new editor of The Times. When Barnes took over the newspaper it was selling around 7,000 copies a day and was failing to make a profit. John Walter II still held most of the shares in The Times, but by 1819 Barnes had sought and obtained full control over the editorial content of the newspaper. The Observer W. S. Bourne borrowed £100 to start a Sunday newspaper, The Observer. The first edition was published on 4th December 1791. Bourne expected a Sunday paper would make him a "rapid fortune".

He was wrong and by 1794 the newspaper was �1,600 in debt. Bourne tried to sell the newspaper to an anti-government group in London. When this failed his brother paid his debts, and tried to sell the paper to the government. This also failed, but the government did agree to subsidise the newspaper in return for influencing its content. The Home Office also decided to recruit Dowling, the newspapers first, and primary reporter, as a government spy. In 1815 Lord Sidmouth, the Home Secretary, became worried about the growing demands for parliamentary reform. One group of radicals causing particular concern was the Spencean Philanthropists and Dowling played a large role in the apprehension and trial of those involved in the Cato Street Conspiracy. In 1814 The Observer was bought by William Innell Clement. As he was also the owner of the Morning Chronicle, Bell's Life in London and the Englishman, Clement was now the most important press magnate in Britain. Clement continued the policy of taking a government subsidy in return for an influence over the political opinions expressed in the newspaper. The Observer is the oldest, still published, Sunday newspaper.

Bell's Weekly Messenger History of Newspapers by the NMA William Caxton sets up the first English printing press in Westminster. 1549 First known English newsletter: Requests of the Devonshyre and Cornyshe Rebelles. 1621 First titled newspaper, Corante, published in London. 1649 Cromwell suppressed all newsbooks on the eve of Charles I's execution. 1690 Worcester Postman launched. (In 1709 it starts regular publication as Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered to be the oldest surviving English newspaper). 1702 Launch of the first regular daily newspaper: The Daily Courant. 1709 First Copyright Act; Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered the oldest surviving English newspaper, started regular publication. 1712 First Stamp Act; advertisement, paper and stamp duties condemned as taxes on knowledge. Stamford Mercury believed to have been launched. 1717 The Kentish Post and Canterbury Newsletter launched. It took on its current name, Kentish Gazette, in 1768. 1718 Leeds Mercury started (later merged into Yorkshire Post). 1737 Belfast News Letter founded (world's oldest surviving daily newspaper).

1748 Aberdeen Journal began (Scotland's oldest newspaper - now the Press & Journal). 1772 Hampshire Chronicle launched, Hampshire's oldest paper. 1788 Daily Universal Register (est. 1785) became The Times. 1791 Harmsworth (then Northcliffe) bought The Observer. 1906 Newspaper Proprietors Association founded for national dailies. 1907 National Union of Journalists founded as a wage-earners union. 1915 Rothermere launched Sunday Pictorial (later Sunday Mirror). 1922 Death of Northcliffe. Control of Associated Newspapers passed to Rothermere. 1928 Northcliffe Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of Associated Newspapers. Provincial Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of United Newspapers. 1931 Audit Bureau of Circulations formed. 1936 Britain's first colour advertisement appears (in Glasgow's Daily Record). 1944 Iliffe took over BPM Holdings (including Birmingham Post). 1946 Guild of British Newspaper Editors formed (now the Society of Editors). 1953 General Council of the Press established. 1955 Month-long national press strike.

Daily Record acquired by Mirror Group. 1959 Manchester Guardian becomes The Guardian. Six-week regional press printing strike. 1960 Photocomposition and web-offset printing progressively introduced. 1964 The Sun launched, replacing Daily Herald. Death of Beaverbrook. General Council of the Press reformed as the Press Council. 1969 Murdoch's News International acquired The Sun and News of the World. 1976 Nottingham Evening Post is Britain's first newspaper to start direct input by journalists. 1978 The Times and The Sunday Times ceased publication for 11 months. 1980 Association of Free Newspaper founded (folded 1991). Regional Newspaper Advertising Bureau formed. 1981 News International acquired The Times and the Sunday Times. 1983 Industrial dispute at Eddie Shah's Messenger group plant at Warrington. 1984 Mirror Group sold by Reed to Maxwell (Pergamon). First free daily newspaper, the (Birmingham) Daily News, launched by husband & wife team Chris & Pat Bullivant. 1986 News International moved titles to a new plant at Wapping. Eddie Shah launchedToday, first colour national daily launched. The Independent launched.

1987 News International took over Today. 1988 RNAB folded. Newspaper Society launched PressAd as its commercial arm. Thomson launched Scotland on Sunday and Sunday Life. 1989 Last Fleet Streetpaper produced by Sunday Express. 1990 First Calcutt report on Privacy and Related Matters. Launch of The European (by Maxwell) and Independent on Sunday. 1991 Press Complaints Commission replaced the Press Council. AFN folded. Death of Robert Maxwell (November). Management buy-out of Birmingham Post and sister titles. Midland Independent Newspapers established. 1992 Management buy-out by Caledonian Newspapers of Lonrho's Glasgow titles, The Herald and Evening Times. 1993 Guardian Media Group bought The Observer. UK News set up by Northcliffe and Westminster Press as rival news agency to the Press Association. Second Calcutt report into self-regulation of the press. 1994 Northcliffe Newspapers bought Nottingham Evening Post for £93m. News International price-cutting sparked off new national cover-price war. 1995 Lord Wakeham succeeded Lord McGregor as chairman of the PCC. Privacy white paper rejected statutory press controls.

Most of Thomson's regional titles sold to Trinity. Newsquest formed out of a Reed MBO. Murdoch closes Today(November). 1996 A year of buyouts, mergers and restructuring in the regional press. Regionals win the battle over cross-media ownership (Broadcasting Act). Newspaper Society launches NS Marketing, replacing PressAd. 1997 Midland Independent Newspapers is bought by Mirror Group for £297 million. Human Rights and Data Protection bills are introduced. 1998 Fourth largest regional press publisher, United Provincial Newspapers, is sold in two deals: UPN Yorkshire and Lancashire newspapers sold to Regional Independent Media for £360m and United Southern Publications sold to Southnews for £47.5m. Southern Newspapers changes its name to Newscom, following acquisitions in Wales and the West (including UPN Wales in 1996). Death of Lord Rothermere. Chairmanship of Associated Newspapers passes to his son Jonathan Harmsworth. Death of David English, editor-in-chief of Daily Mailand chairman of the editors' code committee. 1999 Trinity merges with Mirror Group Newspapers in a deal worth £1.3 billion.

Newsquest is bought by US publisher Gannett for £904 million. Portsmouth & Sunderland Newspapers is bought by Johnston Press for £266m. Major regional press groups launch electronic media alliances (eg, This is Britain, Fish4 sites.) Freedom of Information bill introduced. Associated launches London's free commuter daily, Metro. 2000 Newscom is sold to Newsquest Media Group for £444m, Adscene titles are sold to Southnews (£52m)and Northcliffe Newspapers, Belfast Telegraph Newspapers are sold by Trinity Mirror to Independent News & Media for £300m, Bristol United Press is sold to Northcliffe Newspapers Group, and Southnews is sold to Trinity Mirror for £285m. Daily Express and Daily Star are sold by Lord Hollick's United News & Media to Richard Desmond's Northern & Shell. Launch of Scottish business daily Business a.m. and more Metro daily frees. Newspaper Society launches internet artwork delivery system AdFast. Communications white paper published. 2001 RIM buys six Galloway and Stornaway Gazette titles, Newsquest buys Dimbleby Newspaper Group and Johnston Press buys four titles from Morton Media Group. UK Publishing Media formed.

Sunday Business changes name to The Businessand publishes on Sunday and Monday. 2002 Johnston Press acquires Regional Independent Media's 53 regional newspaper titles in a £560 million deal. Northcliffe Newspapers Group Ltd acquires Hill Bros (Leek) Ltd. Queen attends Newspaper Society annual lunch. New PCC chairman, Christopher Meyer, announced. Draft Communications Bill published. The Sunand Mirror engage in a price war. 2003 Conrad Black resigns as chief executive of Hollinger International, owner of Telegraph group. Claverly Company, owner of Midland News Association, buys Guiton Group, publisher of regional titles in the Channel Islands. Archant buys 12 London weekly titles from Independent News & Media (December) and the remaining 15 the following month (January 04). Independent begins the shift to smaller format national newspapers when it launched its compact edition. Sir Christopher Meyer becomes chairman of the Press Complaints Commission. DCMS select committee chaired by Gerald Kaufman into privacy and the press. Government rejects calls for a privacy law. 2004 Phillis Report on Government Communications published (January). Barclay Brothers buy Telegraph group and poach Murdoch Maclennan from Associated to run it.

Kevin Beatty moves from Northcliffe Newspapers to run Associated Newspapers. Trinity Mirror sells Century Newspapers and Derry Journal in Northern Ireland to 3i. Tindle Newspapers sells Sunday Independent in Plymouth to Newsquest. The Times goes compact (November). 2005 Johnston Press buys Score Press from EMAP for £155m. Launch of free Liteeditions for London Evening Standard and Manchester Evening News. The Timesputs up cover price to 60p, marking the end of the nationals’ price war. The Guardian moves to Berliner format after £80m investment in new presses. DMGT puts Northcliffe Newspapers up for sale; bids expected to open at £1.2 billion. Johnston Press buys Scotsman Publications from Barclay Brothers for £160m. 2006 DMGT sale of Northcliffe group aborted but DC Thomson acquires Aberdeen Press & Journal. Trinity Mirror strategic review: Midlands and South East titles put up for sale. Growth of regional press digital platforms. Manchester Evening Newscity edition goes free. Government threat to limit Freedom of Information requests. Associated and News International both launch free evening papers in London during the autumn.

2007 Archant Scotland acquired by Johnston Press. Northcliffe Media buys three regional newspaper businesses from Trinity Mirror; Kent Regional Newspapers, East Surrey and Sussex Newspapers and Blackmore Vale Publishing. Dunfermline Press Group acquires Berkshire Regional Newspapers from Trinity Mirror. Tindle Newspapers buys 27 local weekly newspapers from Trinity Mirror which retains its Midlands titles. The government abandons plans to tighten Freedom of Information laws and limit media access to coroners’ courts. Former Hollinger International chief executive Conrad Black is sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison for fraud. Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation buys Dow Jones, owner of the Wall Street Journal, appointing News International boss Les Hinton as chief executive. 2008 The global economic downturn hit advertising revenues and shares of media companies fell sharply during the year. John Fry was announced as Tim Bowdler’s successor at Johnston Press in September. The Independentannounced a plan to move to DMGT’s Kensington building to cut costs in November. The BBC Trust rejected plans for local video that would have a negative impact on regional titles in the same month following a sustained campaign by the NS.

2009 Russian businessman Alexander Lebedev acquires the London Evening Standardfrom Daily Mail & General Trust and the title is subsequently relaunched as a free newspaper. Baroness Peta Buscombe is appointed chairman of the Press Complaints Commission. 2010 Britain officially emerges from the longest and deepest recession since the war. Lebedev acquires the Independent and Independent on Sunday from Independent News & Media for a nominal fee of £1. Trinity Mirror acquires GMG Regional Media, publisher of 32 titles, from Guardian Media Group for £44.8 million. News International erects paywalls around its online content for The Times and The Sunday Times. Eleven regional print titles are launched by seven publishers in the first six months of the year. Newly-elected coalition government announces it will look at the case for relaxing cross-media ownership rules and stop unfair competition from council newspapers. The Independent launches i, a digest newspaper to complement their main title, and the first daily paper to be launched in the UK in almost 25 years. 2011 In April, following campaigning by the NS and the industry, a revised Local Authority Publicity Code came into effect to crack down on council newspapers.

In July, The News of The World was closed after 168 years of publication. The Prime Minister announced an inquiry led by Lord Justice Leveson into the role of the press and police in the phone-hacking scandal. In October, Lord Hunt of Wirral was appointed chairman of the Press Complaints Commission. Five regional daily titles switched to weekly during the year. Local cross media ownership rules were abolished. Kent Messenger Group’s proposed acquisition of seven Northcliffeweekly titles was referred to the Competition Commission by the OFT forcing the deal to be abandoned. Northcliffe Media announced the subsequent closure of Medway News and the East Kent Gazette. 2012 The London 2012 Olympics and Diamond Jubilee saw national and local press titles produce a host of supplements, special editions and other initiatives in digital and print to help their readers celebrate the events. In November, the press industry came together to progress plans for a new, tougher, independent system of self regulation following publication of Lord Justice Leveson's report into the role of the press and police in the phone-hacking scandal. MailOnline became the world's biggest newspaper website with 45.348 million unique users.

The creation of a new local media business Local World was announced. Led by former chief executive of publishers Mecom and Mirror Group David Montgomery, Local World is created from the newspapers and websites of Northcliffe Media and Iliffe News & Media. 2013 Significant progress was made by the newspaper and magazine industry in setting up the Independent Press Standards Organisation - the new regulator for the press called for by Lord Justice Leveson. More than 90 per cent of the national press, the vast majority of the regional press, along with major magazine publishers, signed contracts to establish IPSO. Led by Sir Hayden Phillips, the independent appointments procedures were well underway, with the regulator due to launch on 1 May 2014. Politicians, publishers and press freedom organisations from across the globe railed against the Government's Royal Charter for press regulation which Culture Secretary Maria Miller admitted could become redundant if IPSO was successful. The Guardian prompted heated debate over the issue of mass surveillance after publishing a series of stories based on information leaked by the US National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden. The local press was widely praised for its coverage of floods which blighted communities with Prime Minister David Cameron singling out the Eastern Daily Press in particular.

Local papers created thousands of jobs distributing Regional Growth Fund cash to small businesses. 2014 A new voice for the £6 billion national, regional and local UK news media sector was launched in the form of the News Media Association, formed by the merger of the Newspaper Society and the Newspaper Publishers’ Association. In a climate of grave threats to press freedom, the importance of newspaper journalism was highlighted through stories such as The Times’ exposure of the Rotherham abuse scandal and The Yorkshire Post’s Loneliness campaign. The Independent Press Standards Organisation, the new press regulator, launched in September with the vast majority of local and national publishers signed up to it. 2015 In October 2015, Trinity Mirror announced the acquisition of Local World for £220 million, demonstrating the publisher’s firm belief in the future of local news media. Newspapers grew their UK monthly print and online reach to more than 47 million people, more than Google’s 45 million, with newsbrands driving nearly a billion social media interactions over the course of the year.

The importance of news media in holding power to account was emphasised through agenda agenda-setting campaigns such as The Sunday Times’ exposure of corruption within football world governing body Fifa and Sunday Life’s hard hitting campaign to expose and abolish the cruel practice of illegal puppy farming.

Question: Which newspaper, originally called "The Daily Universal Register" was founded by John Walter in 1785?
Answer: The Times