British Newspaper History in the UK Cultural Products >> Historic Commemorative Anniversary Newspapers Milestones in 20th Century Newspaper history in Britain .... The history of newspapers in the UK in the 20th century is a fascinating story of the emergence of new titles, technologies and formats, and the disappearance of old titles, mainly through mergers. Once famous national titles like the Daily Sketch (later to merge with the Daily Mail in 1971) and the News Chronicle are now less known by younger generations. British newspaper history is also almost as much about the stories of the newspaper bosses - the big personalities, such as Lord Rothermere, Lord Northcliffe and Robert Maxwell, amongst others, who had a big impact on the course of this history. Buy an Original Newspaper ... Drawing from the UK's largest newspaper archive, we can supply a genuine complete major UK national Newspaper title - not a copy - from virtually any day over the last 100 years - an ideal gift to commemorate a birthday, anniversary or special occasion: from only: ï¿½ 39.99 Jan 17 1902 - launch of the Times Literary Supplement.

Nov 2 1903 - launch of the Daily Mirror - the first daily newspaper illustrated exclusively with photographs. The Mirror was a broadsheet newspaper until the 1950s. March 2 1909 - launch of the Daily Sketch. (merges with the Daily Mail in 1971) Jan 25 1911 - launch of the Daily Herald (1st newspaper to sell two million copies a day) April 12 1913 - New Statesman founded March 11 1914 - First half-tone photo in the Times newspaper: a 4 by 3 inch picture of the Rokeby Venus, damaged in a Suffragette demonstration (the first ever half-tone in a daily newspaper appeared in the New York Graphic in 1880). 1915 - The Daily Mail launches 'Teddy Tail' - first UK comic strip. March 14 1915 - the Sunday Pictorial launched (becomes the Sunday Mirror in 1963). Dec 29 1918 - launch of the Sunday Express.

Nov 2 1924 - the Sunday Express publishes first crossword in a British newspaper May 1926 - most newspapers cease publishing during the General Strike. The Government publishes the British Gazette and the TUC publishes the British Worker. Jan 1 1930 - launch of the Daily Worker newspaper (becomes the Morning Star in 1966). Feb 1 1930 - the first Times crossword appears (6 years after the first one appeared in Sunday Express). June 2 1930 - the News Chronicle newspaper is formed by the merger of the Daily News and the Daily Chronicle. (merges with the Daily Mail in 1960). Oct 18 1934 - the Daily Mail publishes the first photograph that was transmitted by beam radio (from Australia to London). Oct 1 1938 - first issue of the Picture Post (last issue in 1957). 1940 - Newsprint rationing is introduced. Nov 26 1940 - death of Lord Rothermere. Aug 24 1959 - the Manchester Guardian changes title to the Guardian, based in London.

Feb 5 1961 - launch of the Sunday Telegraph. Feb 4 1962 - first issue of the Sunday Times magazine, known as the Sunday Times Colour Section. 1964 - the Press Council replaces General Council of the Press. Sept 6 1964 - the Observer colour supplement launched. Sept 15 1964 - the Daily Herald becomes the Sun. Sept 25 1964 - first issue of the Daily Telegraph. May 3 1966 - the Times begins printing news on the front page. 1969 the News of the World is bought by Rupert Murdoch. Nov 17 1969 - Rupert Murdoch re-launches the Sun newspaper as a tabloid. 1971 - Dail Sketch merges with the Daily Mail. Nov 2 1978 - launch of the Daily Star newspaper. Dec 1 1978 - publication of the Times and Sunday Times is suspended for 11 months. Oct 31 1980 - the Evening News ceases publication and leaves London with just one evening newspaper. 1981 - Rupert Murdoch buys the Times and Sunday Times.

May 3 1981 - the Sunday Express magazine launched. Sept 6 1981 - first issue of the News of the World Sunday magazine. 1982 - May 2 : the Mail on Sunday is launched: the first photocomposed national newspaper in Britain. 1984 - Robert Maxwell acquires the Mirror Group. 1985 - the Daily Telegraph is acquired by Conrad Black. 1986 - News International moves the printing of all national titles to Wapping. March 4 1986 - launch of the Today by Eddy Shah, sold as the first national colour newspaper. Sept 14 1986 - launch of the Sunday Sport newspaper. Oct 7 1986 - first issue of the Independent newspaper. 1987 - the Today newspaper is acquired by Rupert Murdoch. 1987 - Wendy Henry (News of the World) and Eve Pollard (Sunday Mirror) become the first woman editors. Feb 24 1987 - the London Daily News (ceases publication on July 23rd). Aug 7 1988 - first issue of Scotland on Sunday.

Aug 17 1988 - the Sport newspaper is launched, published on Wednesdays. March 5 1989 - the Wales on Sunday newspaper is launched. Jan 28 1990 - first issue of the Independent on Sunday. May 11 1990 - Robert Maxwell launches the European (ceases publication on 14th December 1998). 1991 - the Press Complaints Commission replaces the Press Council. Oct 7 1991 - the Sport newspaper becomes daily. Nov 5 1991 - Robert Maxwell dies. 1993 - the Guardian Media Group acquires the Observer. Nov 17 1995 - the Today newspaper stops publication (1st national newspaper title to cease publication since the Daily Sketch in 1971). April 21 1996 - first issue of the Sunday Business paper. March 15 1998 - first issue of Sport First, the UK's first national Sunday newspaper focused on sport. Feb 7 1999 - the Sunday Herald newspaper is launched in Glasgow. Are you Outside the UK?

- although we are UK-based, we do offer a European, US & worldwide shipping service. Just add the product to your cart and then select the delivery country on our cart page - delivery charges are calculated automatically ... Product Search UK National Newspapers | Magforum Sunday Herald Launch UK national newspapers This page covers UK national newspapers that are published from London (though often printed at satellite sites around Britain, and often regionalised) and are widely distributed in the UK countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Although all these papers have moved from Fleet Street in the City of London, the name is still often used to refer to the press. Only DC Thomson , the local newspaper and magazine publisher, still has a presence in Fleet St. This ditty is one way of defining the press and its readership: Times readers run the country, Telegraph readers think they run the country, Guardian readers wish they ran the country, Mirror readers would run the country if the Times readers didn't run it already, Mail readers don't know who runs the country, Express readers don't care who runs the country, and Sun readers don't give a damn who runs the country as long as her measurements exceed 38-24-36.

This was quoted as an analysis by MPs of the readerships of UK newspapers in a Guardian diary piece in the early 1980s. There have been many variants of it (including 'FT readers pay to run the country', 'Mail readers know who should be running the country' and 'Mirror readers will run the country once the revolution comes'), but all tend to agree about Sun readers (though many in cruder terms for the last line: 'as long as she's got big tits'). A variant was quoted in the TV series Yes, Prime Minister in 1987. This page includes London's Evening Standard and City AM, a free London financial daily. The UK market for newspapers is unusual in the number of titles that are nationally distributed. It is also one of the leading markets in terms of digital innovation: the Telegraph was the first national newspaper to launch a website; the Daily Mail has one of the world's most popular websites; and 2016 saw the Independent and its Sunday sister title take the plunge to go online only, while the New Day - a national daily cut-price paper, a 'cheapsheet', launched.

British newspapers are analysed in the following sections: Trinity Mirror Britain's national newspapers National newspapers in 2005 could be grouped into 10 dailies (11 from March 2016 with the closure of the Independent but launches of i and New Day) and 12 Sundays (in 2016, 9 with the closures of News of the World, The Business and Independent on Sunday). Within these two categories, they split into: popular red top/tabloids; midmarket; and quality products. The term 'tabloid' is often used to describe the smaller-sized, downmarket, popular or red-top dailies (Sun, Daily Mirror). However, the term was coined as 'tabloid journalism' by the Daily Mail's founder to describe a 'condensed journalism' as opposed to the verbose, rambling reports of papers such as the Times (until then, tabloid had referred to a small medicinal tablet). Most UK newspapers are now tabloid-sized. The Independent and then The Times adopted the format in 2004 (though they called it 'compact').

The Guardian switched to the 'Berliner' format (a taller tabloid shape used by Le Monde) in September 2005. This left only the Financial Times (which is printed in about 25 sites around the world) and the Daily Telegraph as broadsheets.

UK national newspapers in 2005 Back to top Title Express Newspapers Ltd (Northern & Shell) 854,480 Express Newspapers Ltd (Northern & Shell) 948,375 UK Sunday newspapers Back to top News of the World (closed 2011) popular tabloid Guardian Newspapers Ltd (Scott Trust) 444,509 Independent on Sunday (online only 2016) quality broadsheet Sport Newspapers Ltd 151,892 *Trinity Mirror also publishes popular tabloid daily Daily Record and popular tabloid Sunday Mail in Scotland ** Most of the FT's circulation is outside the UK: 128,216 is the UK sales figure Newspaper groups and their titles Back to top Newspaper groups Sun, Times, Sunday Times, News of the World 35% Mirror, Sunday Mirror, People, Daily Record 25% Express, Express on Sunday, Star 14% Daily Mail and General Trust Mail, Mail on Sunday Daily Telegraph, Sunday Telegraph, The Business 7% Guardian Media Group (Scott Trust) Guardian, Observer Associated Newspapers Ltd (Daily Mail) Back to top Owns the Daily Mail, The Mail on

 Sunday, London freesheets Metro and London Lite, Ireland on Sunday and the free classified advertising weekly Loot (since October 2001).

It also runs the Harmsworth Quays print plant in London's Docklands. The company was established in 1905 and is a subsidiary of the Daily Mail and General Trust plc . In February 1999, the trust became the ninth media group to hold a place in the London stock market's list of top 100. Sold control of Evening Standard to Russian billionaire Alexander Lebedev in January 2009 during freesheet war with News International. Daily Mail Founded in 1896 as a popular half-penny broadsheet with the new class of literate working woman in mind by Irish-born Alfred Harmsworth (later Viscount Northcliffe). He had made his first fortune with Answers magazine founded in 1888. The coining of the word 'tabloid' has been credited to him. Reached a million sales in 1900. Middle-market, right-leaning. Saturday edition includes Weekend features and TV listings magazine. Tabloid format dates to 1971 when Associated merged the broadsheet Mail with the Daily Sketch under new editor David English. Popular with women. Continued growing in 1980s under the editorship of (Sir David) English.

His successor Paul Dacre has seen it overtake the Express and the Mirror. Website is very popular outside UK with content much m ore based on celebrities. London Lite (closed) Closed in November 2009 after sale of 75% of Evening Standard and its subsequent move to a free revenue model, and Free evening tabloid paper for London launched on 30 August 2006 to protect Associated's Evening Standard and Metro titles against News International's launch, The London Paper. Shared Thisislondon website with the Standard. About 400,000 copies a day were being given away in 2009. Mail on Sunday Sister to Daily Mail since 1982. Launched with Bernard Shrimsley as editor but David English refused to allow daily's contributors to write for it. Several months later English was knighted, ousted Shrimsley and brought in his writers - an event known on the paper as 'The Knight of the Long Knives'. Comes with You, a womens magazine; Night & Day, for features and arts; and Financial Mail on Sunday.

The Night & Day supplement was relaunched in 2007 at a cost of £8m to attract more male readers - an unusual move given that both the daily and Sunday papers have traditionally focused on women. Metro Free morning colour tabloid launched with 40 pages in March 1999 in London, adopting a popular Continental model. It was designed to be read in 20 minutes. Reports put the initial run at 100,000 with dispensers at 72 stations (forecast to rise to 300,000 from 2000). By the end of 2006, versions were available in 12 cities around Britain. 7Days is a free, English language daily published Sunday to Friday in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. DMGT owns a 60% stake in Catchpole Communications, which produces the title. Some 75,000 copies are distributed. Northcliffe Newspapers Group Ltd Sold its regional newspaper business, to Local World , a large regional newspaper publisher, in 2012.

Northcliffe was a top five regional group with 20 daily titles, 27 paid-for weeklies, 62 freesheets and 24 regional web portals, usually with names like Also had Hungarian newspaper interests. The Observer The world's oldest Sunday paper: founded in 1791 by W.S. Bourne. Switch to Berliner format as part of a relaunch on 8 January 2006. A Liberal, quality broadsheet. Controlled by the Guardian Media Group since 1993. Before then, often criticised for supporting the interests of its owner company Lonhro and chairman Tiny Rowland, particularly in his battles with Harrods owner Mohamed Al Fayed (who relaunched Punch in early 1996). Published free monthly themed supplements as well as its main magazine: Sport, Music, O Fashion, Woman but several closd in 2010-11. The Observer shares the Guardian's offices in King's Cross. In 2009, there were reports that the Guardian was considering turning the paper into a weekly magazine of the same name.

Regional newspapers (sold 2010) Sold Manchester Evening News and Surrey Advertiser (Guildford) and rest of portfolio of 32 paid-for and free titles to to Trinity Mirror plc for £44.8m in February 2010. Other activities Sold Money Observer financial magazine to Moneywise in 2008. In March 2007, sold 49.9% stake in Trader Media Group to private equity group Apax for about £674m. Based around regionalised editions of Auto Trader magazine (seen as a cash cow for the group). Emap business magazines (since 2008); 41.9% stake in Delicious publisher Seven Publishing ; and 29.5% stake n The Word publisher Development Hell . Has a history of dabbling in magazines. Launched a UK version of Wired in 1995, though this closed after a couple of years. Radio interests. Owns Trafford Park Printers; educational web materials developer Learnthings . Independent Print Ltd When The Independent was launched in 1986, it was controlled by a consortium of backers and so was 'independent' of any proprietor.

However, poor sales as a result of lack of investment and cutting staff saw it fall into the hands of the Mirror Group and later the Irish newspaper group controlled by Tony O'Reilly. Owns papers in Australasia, Ireland and South Africa. In March 2010, London Evening Standard owners Alexander and Evgeny Lebedev paid a nominal £1 for the loss-making Independent and Independent on Sunday (in fact, Independent News & Media (INM) paid the Lebedevs $9.25 million to take over the titles). The Independent Announced it would be an online-only paper from March 2016. Launched by former Daily Telegraph journalist Andreas Whittam-Smith on October 7 1986 after the Times was seen to drop its politically-independent line to support Margaret Thatcher and lose its position as Britain's paper of record. Known as the 'Indie'. Only quality daily launch in the UK in the 20th century, made possible by the advent of desktop publishing. Boosted sales in September 2003 through adopting 'compact' format, initially alongside broadsheet. By spring 2004, dropped broadsheet version. Move soon followed by The Times.

Launched MediaWeekly supplement in 2004, challenging Guardian on Mondays. Original offices were in London's City Road overlooking Bunhill Fields cemetery (burial place of many famous 17th and 18th century writers), hence the title of Bunhill's Notes in Sunday business pages. The 'Weasel' column in the Saturday magazine comes from the nursery rhyme: 'Up and down the City Road, In and out the Eagle, That's the way the money goes, Pop goes the weasel'. A pub called the Eagle still stands on City Road and 'popping the weasel' means pawning an iron, a popular practice with poor tailors in the area. i (the essential daily briefing from the Independent) Sold to Johnston Press in February 2016. The 20p i newspaper was launched in October 2000 by the Independent for readers who wanted a concise, better quality daily than the free papers but did not want to pay the price. In May 2011, a 30p Saturday edition was launched. By 2011, the i was selling 221,715 copies a day.

It was run by Stefano Hatfield, formerly at News International. In the 23 January 2011 issue, Hatfield introduced a new Monday cartoonist, Ben Jennings, who had won the 2011 political cartoon of the year award for a Gadaffi cartoon in the Guardian in August , though still at university. Hatfield also added a daily Codeword to the puzzle page, saying 'This is something readers have asked for since i launched - particularly many of you transferring to us from a rival paper that contains one.' (The Daily Mail carried such a puzzle on its centre spread coffee break page.) News International (Sun, Times) Part of the international News Corp group controlled by Rupert Murdoch. Focus of scandal in 2010 over phone hacking at the News of the World, which was closed as a result, and led to the Leveson inquiry into the ethical standards of the press , both papers and magazines. Has big stake in BSkyB satellite television and ITV (used, controversially in 2006 to block a merger between ITV and Virgin), and controls book publisher HarperCollins.

Moved most UK interests under one roof in offices next door to the Shard by London Bridge station, joining the Financial Times south of the Thames. Extensive media interests in the US and Australia. Murdoch changed from being an Australian to take up US citizenship so he could control the Fox TV network. Murdoch's family has succeeded in retaining control of News Corp, and in the 1990s concentrated on television assets in the US and UK. In 2004, Murdoch announced that the group would switch its emphasis online, buying Intermix Media, for about $580m in 2005 - which gave it control of social networking website MySpace.com. Having arrived in the UK from Australia to beat Robert Maxwell in buying the News of the World in 1968, Murdoch bought the Sun from IPC. He relaunched this in November 1969 with a 'sex and sensation' formula - personified by topless Page 3 girls. He then bought the Times and Sunday Times and broke the Fleet Street unions by moving to Wapping in 1986.

The London Paper (closed) The London Paper was an evening freesheet launched on 4 September 2006 against Associated 's Standard. It was given away outside Underground and rail stations. Set up as a low-cost operation under editor Stefano Hatfield, who had launched the Metro freesheet in New York and edited advertising trade weekly Campaign in the UK - he went on to head up the Independent's 20p sister paper i. The paper had a free distribution of about 500,000 copies in July 2009. As a result, Associated sold the loss-making Standard. However, the Murdoch paper fell victim to the recession and announced in August 2009 that the final issue of the London Paper was likely to be on Friday 18 September The Sun (became a seven-day paper in February 2012) Right-leaning popular tabloid. Best-selling of the 'red-top' dailies, having overtaken the Mirror in 1978, with a formula of sensational stories and topless Page 3 girls created by Larry Lamb.

At its jingoistic height in the Thatcher era with controversial headlines such as 'Gotcha' for the sinking of the Argentinian battleship General Belgrano in the Falklands war. Often credited with swinging public opinion against the Labour leader Neil Kinnock, leading to a third term as prime minister for Margaret Thatcher. Editor Kelvin Mackenzie (1981 to 1994) was the most successful tabloid editor of his generation, but lost his way by taking on the Queen in a copyright row after breaking an embargo to publish her Christmas speech. Sun readers sided with the Queen in a telephone poll. Mackenzie was out six months later. Launched free internet provision in April 1999 at Currantbun.com. Later renamed Bun.com, then Page3.com. After the closing of the News of the World in 2011, a Sunday edition was launched on 26 February 2012. This retained the NoW's Fabulous magazine.

In January 2015, the Sun dropped its Page 3 topless pin-up models, which had run for 44 years and made household names of models ssuch ass Samantha Fox, after facing pressure from anti-sexism campaigners. The Times Website runs paywall. Nickname 'The Thunderer', because, some say, of the sound of the presses as they started up. However, Bernard Falk in his autobiography He laughed in Fleet Street (Hutchinson, 1933) says it was because 'a leading article from the pen of Captain Sterling opened one morning with the words, "We thundered forth the other day an article..."'. Launched on 1 January 1785 by John Walter I as the Daily Universal Register. Renamed on 1 January 1788. Established its reputation for honesty under John Walter II from 1803, who installed steam printing in 1814, and possibly the greatest editor of the century, John Barnes (1817-41).

By 1823 it was 'the greatest engine of temporary opinion in the world…' and the paper of record for Britain, then the most powerful country in the world following the defeat of Napoleon, despite the loss of the Americas. US president Abraham Lincoln said it was 'the most powerful thing in the world except, perhaps, the Mississippi river'. Carried classified advertising on its front page until 1966 and on the back page until 1982. On Friday 13, 1981 it became a sister paper to the Sun, as part of Rupert Murdoch's News International. In 1986, Murdoch broke the print unions by moving to 'Fortress' Wapping, though the damage done to the paper's quality and reputation opened the door for the Independent. Led fierce price war from 1993 when it cut the cover price from 45p to 30p (and 10p on Monday). This raised sales at the expense of the Independent, Telegraph and Express. News of the World (closed 2011) Sunday paper to the Sun. Founded in 1843.

Bought by Murdoch in 1969; in doing so created intense rivalry with Robert Maxwell. The largest-selling paper in Britain at 4.5 million copies each Sunday (though down from 8.5 million in 1950). Closed as a result of the Milly Dowler phone-hacking scandal in July 2011, though its colour magazine, Fabulous, was transferred to the Saturday Sun and then the Sunday edition launched on 26 February 2012. The scandal led to the Leveson inquiry into the ethical standards of the press , both papers and magazines, at which editors of all the nationals were questioned, as well as those at Now, Hello! and OK! The Sunday Times (1882) Best-selling of the Sunday, quality broadsheets. Launched colour supplement in 1962. Bought from the Thomson Group with other Times papers in 1981. In recent decades, at its height in the pre-Murdoch days under the editorship (1967-81) of Harry Evans who nurtured investigative journalism under the Insight banner and championed design.

See his books: Good Times, Bad Times (3rd ed, 1994, Phoenix, London); and his five-part series on newspaper journalism, Pictures on a Page, Newsman's English, Newspaper Design, Text Typography and Newspaper Headlines. Design article 'News that's fit to print' described the influence of the Sunday Times and Observer in changing the role of the sub-editor and designer on newspapers. Commercially successful in 1980s and 1990s under Andrew Neil , who introduced the concept of the 'supermarket' newspaper with a section aimed at all kinds of readers. Neil is regularly lampooned in Private Eye . The Sunday Times was greatly embarrassed when it was taken in by the fake Hitler Diaries in 1983. Today [closed] In November 1995, Today was closed by News Corporation. The tabloid was launched by local newspaper group owner Eddy Shah in March 1986 as the UK's first colour national paper. He sold it to Lonrho, the trading group that also owned the Observer, before it was bought by Rupert Murdoch in July 1987.

The closure was seen as a blow to the then-opposition Labour party, led by Tony Blair, because it was the only tabloid with a left-of-centre political stance. The cost of a price war instigated by the Times, pressure on printing capacity from that paper's rising circulation, a rise in newsprint costs - up by half in a year - and the paper's falling circulation (at 573,680) were cited as factors in the closure decision. Mohamed Fayed, owner of Harrods who a year later relaunched Punch , said he wanted to take over the paper but talks failed. Times supplements In October 2005, News International sold its weekly specialist tabloids Times Educational Supplement (TES), Times Higher Educational Supplement (THS), Nursery World and other newspapers, magazines, websites and exhibitions to Exponent, a private equity group, for almost £235m. These had been seen as cash cows. The group retained the Times Literary Supplement (TLS), which began as a supplement to The Times in 1902 and became a separate publication in 1914. All the supplements have moved away from a tabloid newspaper format to a magazine structure.

Website Times Money launched but closed. News International Magazines Set up in 2005 with a brief to capitalise on the growing weeklies market. NI already had two monthly spin-offs from the Sunday Times: Travel (a contract title by River since 1993) and Inside Out (closed in early 2007). Women's weekly Love It! launched in February 2006. Reported to be researching weekly news magazine . Took licence for Sky magazine - the UK's biggest circulation title for BSkyB's 8m subscribers - from John Brown in December 2006 (Murdoch has always been fond of keeping money within the group). The Express Founded in 1900 by C. Arthur Pearson who had worked on George Newnes’ Tit-Bits before going on to establish Pearson’s Weekly (1890) and Pearson's Magazine (1896). Middle-market, right-leaning tabloid. Owned by Lord Beaverbrook from 1916 to 1964. Steady decline since with many short-term editors, lack of investment and then cost-cutting and focus on celebrities and cheap, populist journalism under Desmond.

The original art deco Fleet Street office was known in the 1950s as the Black Glasshouse but later christened the Black Lubyanka by Private Eye. The newsroom was used in the film The Day the Earth Caught Fire (1961) with the recently retired real editor, Arthur Christiansen, playing fictional editor Jeff Jefferson Daily Star 'Red-top' tabloid launched in 1978. The first new national for 75 years, it tried to take on the Sun with colour centre spreads of topless 'Star Birds'. Sister to the Express. Lack of investment meant failure as mass-market title. Now a niche paper aimed at 'lads' with frivolous, sports-based approach Express on Sunday Similar editorial strategy and sales as the daily Daily Star Sunday September 2002 launch Other activities Lads' portal Megastar spun off from Daily Star but later closed. Clutch of magazines at Northern & Shell, including gossip weekly OK! Financial Times Launched in 1888, the world's leading financial daily. First chairman was Horatio Bottomley, who went on to become an MP and launch John Bull but was jailed for selling fake war bonds in 1922.

About 70% of sales outside the UK. Has daily editions for UK, Europe, US and Asia printed at about 25 sites. Printed on pink paper since 1893.Lex column once advised readers not to support the FT's owners Pearson in its plan to buy British Aluminium, since when the column has not covered Pearson. Website has pioneered a paid-for model with limited free access. History of the FT . One of the first daily newspapers to exploit the potential of the Saturday paper. FT Weekend includes the monthly How To Spend It , which is a tabloid-sized glossy, and weekly FT Magazine. Business publishing Has conference division. Magazine publishing division has 14 titles, including Investors Chronicle and The Banker. In September 2005, How to be Better Off , a quarterly magazine, with BBC Worldwide. FT Business profile Other sites The Economist was half owned by Pearson, but the company sold it to the other shareholders at the time of the FT sale; Chinese.FT.com ; sold interest in FT Deutschland to Gruner and Jahr in 2007, shortly after selling stake in French business paper Les Echos . FT Deutschland closed in November 2013.

Edinburgh-based daily sold to Johnston Press in 2005 Scotland on Sunday Sunday sister to Scotsman sold to Johnston Press in 2005 The Business (folded into The Spectator) Launched in April 1996 by Tom Rubython as The Sunday Business. Went into receivership a year later. Bought by Barclay brothers and relaunched in February 1998. In July 2006, announced intention to relaunch title in October as a weekly business magazine coming out on Thursdays. Running of the title to be combined with The Spectator and arts and antiques magazine Apollo. However, closed in early 2008 (in favour of launching a business magazine off the back of The Spectator). The European Weekly colour broadsheet launched by infamous Robert Maxwell. Bought by Barclays in 1992 after his death. In July 1997 plans were set out to transform The European into an upmarket magazine but it closed in 1998. European case study The Daily Telegraph Britain's best-selling quality paper with strong news and sports coverage. Right-wing (nickname: the Torygraph). Sister paper the Sunday Telegraph.

Failed to hold on to a million sales a day, after long price-cutting campaign by the Times. Had overtaken the Times soon after its launch in 1855 (originally as The Daily Telegraph and Courier) when the price was cut to a penny. The re-introduction of the word 'The' in the paper's title was the subject of a front-page news item when Max Hastings took over as editor. The first of the UK broadsheets to mount a significant web presence (although the Guardian's Online section on a Thursday had long used electronic bulletin boards and e-mail). Also has special interest 'satellite' sites. In 2006, an internal reorganisation saw many redundancies and the launch of a digital newsroom. The Spectator Right-wing political weekly magazine carrying quality writing. Established 1828. Claims to be the oldest continuously-published magazine in the English language. Bought by Conrad Black in 1988. Glorious history of publishing some of Britain's most famous writers since the Victorian era.

String of recent famous editors includes: Anthony Howard (-1979); Alexander Chancellor (1979-84); Charles Moore (1984-90); Dominic Lawson (1990-95), son of Nigel Lawson, the former Conservative Chancellor under Margaret Thatcher; Frank Johnson (1995-2000); Boris Johnson (2000-06); Matthew d'Ancona (2007-). See: To Convey Intelligence: The Spectator 1928-98 by Simon Courtauld, Profile, 1999. Other Telegraph sites Several attempts to create brands based around newspaper readership faltered and these have been rebranded as part of the paper: Juiced student magazine; Internet for Schools; The Planet for travel; Connected brand based on Tuesday's science and technology pages no longer used; Global Network for ex-pats based on weekly overseas version of the paper; Telegraph Appointments Plus. Books Online now run by Splashweb. Other launches sold or closed down: UK Max search engine; luxury goods portal Best of British sold to Whittards in June 2000.

Handbag.com sold to National Magazine Company (now Hearst Magazines UK). Had been launched with Boots in October 1999 targeting women with a free ISP. Boots claimed 90% of all UK women went through its doors each week and the Electronic Telegraph reached a million online. Other Trinity Mirror plc (Mirror) Claims to be the biggest UK newspaper publisher with 250 titles. Formed from takeover of Mirror Group by Trinity regional group in 1999. Announced £150m web strategy in 2000 to create offshoots of ic24 internet service provider. Earlier, Mirror Group had been bought from Reed International by the infamous Robert Maxwell in 1986. Sold after his death in 1991 to a group headed by David Montgomery with, for the first four months, Lord Hollick as chairman. Group strategy fell apart in early 1999 with acrimonious departure of chief executive David Montgomery (nick-named Rommel: 'because Monty was on our side') in dispute with chairman Victor Blank. Sold off 18% share in Scottish Media Group to Granada as part of restructuring in March 1999.

Then bought by Trinity. National newspapers divided into MGN Ltd and Scottish Daily Record & Sunday Mail Ltd. Some 240 regional newspapers run as 10 operating businesses account for almost a quarter of the regional market. The Mirror Popular, Labour Party-supporting 'red-top' tabloid founded in 1903 by Irish-born Alfred Harmsworth (later Viscount Northcliffe). He had made his first fortune with Answers magazine founded in 1888. The largest-selling paper from the 1930s until the 1970s, when it was overtaken by Rupert Murdoch's Sun. In the 1980s, a circulation battle with the Sun saw Robert Maxwell introduce a £1 million bingo prize - and put himself on the cover promoting it. First mass market daily to use colour regularly (1988), though smaller circulation Today had colour and the Mirror's Scottish sister, the Daily Record earlier. New Day In February 2016, Trinity announced the launch of a national 'cheapsheet' weekday paper: ' The New Day , which will run to 40 pages every day, will be printed on high quality news print and be visually striking.

It will be available for free from over 40,000 retailers on its first day, Monday 29 February, and then will trial at 25p for two weeks before retailing at 50p after that.' It would compete with the 40p i, bought that same month by regional group Johnston Press. Racing Post and Sporting Life Sporting Life founded in 1859, but merged with Racing Post in May 1998 by Mirror Group. Trinity Mirror sold Racing Post for £170m to Irish private equity group FL Partners in October 2007. The Post had been launched by Sheikh Mohamed in 1986, but sold to the Mirror in December 1997. Plans to re-launch the Life as a daily sporting paper, along a Continental model, dropped in March 1999. However, the name lives on as a website and betting venture as part of BSkyB. Sporting Life was commonly known as the Queen Mother's favourite newspaper.

Jamie Reid in a commentary on its closure (Guardian, 5/3/99, p23) said: 'Whenever a British film in the Forties and Fifties wanted to signify that some George Cole or Terry Thomas character was a touch wide, they would show them smoking a Players Navy Cut and reading the Sporting Life'. According to research quoted by Roy Greenslade (Guardian Media, 8/3/99, p4), a daily sporting paper might achieve of 220,000 copies a day (plus or minus 40,000). This was based on a cover price of 40p with a weekday pagination of 48 and 80 pages on a Sunday. However, the marketing bill would have been £10 million in the first year and Mirror group was in poor financial shape following the departure of chief executive David Montgomery a month before and a bidding war which had broken out for the group between regional newspaper groups Trinity and Regional Independent Media. (Scotland) sister to the Daily Record.

Regional newspapers Mirror Group Regional Newspapers, a top five regional company with 44 papers, including Midland Independent Newspapers acquired in 1997 (Birmingham Post and Evening Mail) and Northern Ireland's number two title, the News Letter. Racing Post and Sporting Life Sporting Life founded in 1859, but merged with Racing Post in May 1998 by Mirror Group. Trinity Mirror sold Racing Post for £170m to Irish private equity group FL Partners in October 2007. The Post had been launched by Sheikh Mohamed in 1986, but sold to the Mirror in December 1997. Plans to re-launch the Life as a daily sporting paper, along a Continental model, dropped in March 1999. However, the name lives on as a website and betting venture as part of BSkyB. Sporting Life was commonly known as the Queen Mother's favourite newspaper.

Jamie Reid in a commentary on its closure (Guardian, 5/3/99, p23) said: 'Whenever a British film in the Forties and Fifties wanted to signify that some George Cole or Terry Thomas character was a touch wide, they would show them smoking a Players Navy Cut and reading the Sporting Life'. According to research quoted by Roy Greenslade (Guardian Media, 8/3/99, p4), a daily sporting paper might achieve of 220,000 copies a day (plus or minus 40,000). This was based on a cover price of 40p with a weekday pagination of 48 and 80 pages on a Sunday. However, the marketing bill would have been £10 million in the first year and Mirror group was in poor financial shape following the departure of chief executive David Montgomery a month before and a bidding war which had broken out for the group between regional newspaper groups Trinity and Regional Independent Media.

Other Launched web portal in March 1999 as ic24 (later bought by PlusNet ) with offshoots in 2000: icShowbiz; icChoice; icSport and icTravel. Also 14 regional sites. Sports sites Soccerbase (now part of Racing Post) and Cricketbase. Sells its archive of pictures and cartoons such as Andy Capp at Mirrorpix . In 1998, launched internet paper dot.com, distributed free with Wharf, a local paper for Canary Wharf, where the papers are based in London's Docklands. Live TV cable channel sold off in 1999 and some papers in Northern Ireland. In July 2006, sold trade magazines and exhibition business Inside Communications to private equity-backed Ocean Media for £41.5m History of Newspapers by the NMA William Caxton sets up the first English printing press in Westminster. 1549 First known English newsletter: Requests of the Devonshyre and Cornyshe Rebelles. 1621 First titled newspaper, Corante, published in London. 1649 Cromwell suppressed all newsbooks on the eve of Charles I's execution.

1690 Worcester Postman launched. (In 1709 it starts regular publication as Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered to be the oldest surviving English newspaper). 1702 Launch of the first regular daily newspaper: The Daily Courant. 1709 First Copyright Act; Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered the oldest surviving English newspaper, started regular publication. 1712 First Stamp Act; advertisement, paper and stamp duties condemned as taxes on knowledge. Stamford Mercury believed to have been launched. 1717 The Kentish Post and Canterbury Newsletter launched. It took on its current name, Kentish Gazette, in 1768. 1718 Leeds Mercury started (later merged into Yorkshire Post). 1737 Belfast News Letter founded (world's oldest surviving daily newspaper). 1748 Aberdeen Journal began (Scotland's oldest newspaper - now the Press & Journal). 1772 Hampshire Chronicle launched, Hampshire's oldest paper. 1788 Daily Universal Register (est. 1785) became The Times. 1791 Harmsworth (then Northcliffe) bought The Observer. 1906 Newspaper Proprietors Association founded for national dailies.

1907 National Union of Journalists founded as a wage-earners union. 1915 Rothermere launched Sunday Pictorial (later Sunday Mirror). 1922 Death of Northcliffe. Control of Associated Newspapers passed to Rothermere. 1928 Northcliffe Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of Associated Newspapers. Provincial Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of United Newspapers. 1931 Audit Bureau of Circulations formed. 1936 Britain's first colour advertisement appears (in Glasgow's Daily Record). 1944 Iliffe took over BPM Holdings (including Birmingham Post). 1946 Guild of British Newspaper Editors formed (now the Society of Editors). 1953 General Council of the Press established. 1955 Month-long national press strike. Daily Record acquired by Mirror Group. 1959 Manchester Guardian becomes The Guardian. Six-week regional press printing strike. 1960 Photocomposition and web-offset printing progressively introduced. 1964 The Sun launched, replacing Daily Herald. Death of Beaverbrook. General Council of the Press reformed as the Press Council. 1969 Murdoch's News International acquired The Sun and News of the World.

1976 Nottingham Evening Post is Britain's first newspaper to start direct input by journalists. 1978 The Times and The Sunday Times ceased publication for 11 months. 1980 Association of Free Newspaper founded (folded 1991). Regional Newspaper Advertising Bureau formed. 1981 News International acquired The Times and the Sunday Times. 1983 Industrial dispute at Eddie Shah's Messenger group plant at Warrington. 1984 Mirror Group sold by Reed to Maxwell (Pergamon). First free daily newspaper, the (Birmingham) Daily News, launched by husband & wife team Chris & Pat Bullivant. 1986 News International moved titles to a new plant at Wapping. Eddie Shah launchedToday, first colour national daily launched. The Independent launched. 1987 News International took over Today. 1988 RNAB folded. Newspaper Society launched PressAd as its commercial arm. Thomson launched Scotland on Sunday and Sunday Life. 1989 Last Fleet Streetpaper produced by Sunday Express. 1990 First Calcutt report on Privacy and Related Matters. Launch of The European (by Maxwell) and Independent on Sunday.

1991 Press Complaints Commission replaced the Press Council. AFN folded. Death of Robert Maxwell (November). Management buy-out of Birmingham Post and sister titles. Midland Independent Newspapers established. 1992 Management buy-out by Caledonian Newspapers of Lonrho's Glasgow titles, The Herald and Evening Times. 1993 Guardian Media Group bought The Observer. UK News set up by Northcliffe and Westminster Press as rival news agency to the Press Association. Second Calcutt report into self-regulation of the press. 1994 Northcliffe Newspapers bought Nottingham Evening Post for £93m. News International price-cutting sparked off new national cover-price war. 1995 Lord Wakeham succeeded Lord McGregor as chairman of the PCC. Privacy white paper rejected statutory press controls. Most of Thomson's regional titles sold to Trinity. Newsquest formed out of a Reed MBO. Murdoch closes Today(November). 1996 A year of buyouts, mergers and restructuring in the regional press. Regionals win the battle over cross-media ownership (Broadcasting Act). Newspaper Society launches NS Marketing, replacing PressAd.

1997 Midland Independent Newspapers is bought by Mirror Group for £297 million. Human Rights and Data Protection bills are introduced. 1998 Fourth largest regional press publisher, United Provincial Newspapers, is sold in two deals: UPN Yorkshire and Lancashire newspapers sold to Regional Independent Media for £360m and United Southern Publications sold to Southnews for £47.5m. Southern Newspapers changes its name to Newscom, following acquisitions in Wales and the West (including UPN Wales in 1996). Death of Lord Rothermere. Chairmanship of Associated Newspapers passes to his son Jonathan Harmsworth. Death of David English, editor-in-chief of Daily Mailand chairman of the editors' code committee. 1999 Trinity merges with Mirror Group Newspapers in a deal worth £1.3 billion. Newsquest is bought by US publisher Gannett for £904 million. Portsmouth & Sunderland Newspapers is bought by Johnston Press for £266m. Major regional press groups launch electronic media alliances (eg, This is Britain, Fish4 sites.) Freedom of Information bill introduced. Associated launches London's free commuter daily, Metro.

2000 Newscom is sold to Newsquest Media Group for £444m, Adscene titles are sold to Southnews (£52m)and Northcliffe Newspapers, Belfast Telegraph Newspapers are sold by Trinity Mirror to Independent News & Media for £300m, Bristol United Press is sold to Northcliffe Newspapers Group, and Southnews is sold to Trinity Mirror for £285m. Daily Express and Daily Star are sold by Lord Hollick's United News & Media to Richard Desmond's Northern & Shell. Launch of Scottish business daily Business a.m. and more Metro daily frees. Newspaper Society launches internet artwork delivery system AdFast. Communications white paper published. 2001 RIM buys six Galloway and Stornaway Gazette titles, Newsquest buys Dimbleby Newspaper Group and Johnston Press buys four titles from Morton Media Group. UK Publishing Media formed. Sunday Business changes name to The Businessand publishes on Sunday and Monday. 2002 Johnston Press acquires Regional Independent Media's 53 regional newspaper titles in a £560 million deal. Northcliffe Newspapers Group Ltd acquires Hill Bros (Leek) Ltd. Queen attends Newspaper Society annual lunch.

New PCC chairman, Christopher Meyer, announced. Draft Communications Bill published. The Sunand Mirror engage in a price war. 2003 Conrad Black resigns as chief executive of Hollinger International, owner of Telegraph group. Claverly Company, owner of Midland News Association, buys Guiton Group, publisher of regional titles in the Channel Islands. Archant buys 12 London weekly titles from Independent News & Media (December) and the remaining 15 the following month (January 04). Independent begins the shift to smaller format national newspapers when it launched its compact edition. Sir Christopher Meyer becomes chairman of the Press Complaints Commission. DCMS select committee chaired by Gerald Kaufman into privacy and the press. Government rejects calls for a privacy law. 2004 Phillis Report on Government Communications published (January). Barclay Brothers buy Telegraph group and poach Murdoch Maclennan from Associated to run it. Kevin Beatty moves from Northcliffe Newspapers to run Associated Newspapers. Trinity Mirror sells Century Newspapers and Derry Journal in Northern Ireland to 3i. Tindle Newspapers sells Sunday Independent in Plymouth to Newsquest. The Times goes compact (November).

2005 Johnston Press buys Score Press from EMAP for £155m. Launch of free Liteeditions for London Evening Standard and Manchester Evening News. The Timesputs up cover price to 60p, marking the end of the nationals’ price war. The Guardian moves to Berliner format after £80m investment in new presses. DMGT puts Northcliffe Newspapers up for sale; bids expected to open at £1.2 billion. Johnston Press buys Scotsman Publications from Barclay Brothers for £160m. 2006 DMGT sale of Northcliffe group aborted but DC Thomson acquires Aberdeen Press & Journal. Trinity Mirror strategic review: Midlands and South East titles put up for sale. Growth of regional press digital platforms. Manchester Evening Newscity edition goes free. Government threat to limit Freedom of Information requests. Associated and News International both launch free evening papers in London during the autumn. 2007 Archant Scotland acquired by Johnston Press. Northcliffe Media buys three regional newspaper businesses from Trinity Mirror; Kent Regional Newspapers, East Surrey and Sussex Newspapers and Blackmore Vale Publishing. Dunfermline Press Group acquires Berkshire Regional Newspapers from Trinity Mirror.

Tindle Newspapers buys 27 local weekly newspapers from Trinity Mirror which retains its Midlands titles. The government abandons plans to tighten Freedom of Information laws and limit media access to coroners’ courts. Former Hollinger International chief executive Conrad Black is sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison for fraud. Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation buys Dow Jones, owner of the Wall Street Journal, appointing News International boss Les Hinton as chief executive. 2008 The global economic downturn hit advertising revenues and shares of media companies fell sharply during the year. John Fry was announced as Tim Bowdler’s successor at Johnston Press in September. The Independentannounced a plan to move to DMGT’s Kensington building to cut costs in November. The BBC Trust rejected plans for local video that would have a negative impact on regional titles in the same month following a sustained campaign by the NS. 2009 Russian businessman Alexander Lebedev acquires the London Evening Standardfrom Daily Mail & General Trust and the title is subsequently relaunched as a free newspaper. Baroness Peta Buscombe is appointed chairman of the Press Complaints Commission. 2010 Britain officially emerges from the longest and deepest recession since the war.

Lebedev acquires the Independent and Independent on Sunday from Independent News & Media for a nominal fee of £1. Trinity Mirror acquires GMG Regional Media, publisher of 32 titles, from Guardian Media Group for £44.8 million. News International erects paywalls around its online content for The Times and The Sunday Times. Eleven regional print titles are launched by seven publishers in the first six months of the year. Newly-elected coalition government announces it will look at the case for relaxing cross-media ownership rules and stop unfair competition from council newspapers. The Independent launches i, a digest newspaper to complement their main title, and the first daily paper to be launched in the UK in almost 25 years. 2011 In April, following campaigning by the NS and the industry, a revised Local Authority Publicity Code came into effect to crack down on council newspapers. In July, The News of The World was closed after 168 years of publication. The Prime Minister announced an inquiry led by Lord Justice Leveson into the role of the press and police in the phone-hacking scandal. In October, Lord Hunt of Wirral was appointed chairman of the Press Complaints Commission.

Five regional daily titles switched to weekly during the year. Local cross media ownership rules were abolished. Kent Messenger Group’s proposed acquisition of seven Northcliffeweekly titles was referred to the Competition Commission by the OFT forcing the deal to be abandoned. Northcliffe Media announced the subsequent closure of Medway News and the East Kent Gazette. 2012 The London 2012 Olympics and Diamond Jubilee saw national and local press titles produce a host of supplements, special editions and other initiatives in digital and print to help their readers celebrate the events. In November, the press industry came together to progress plans for a new, tougher, independent system of self regulation following publication of Lord Justice Leveson's report into the role of the press and police in the phone-hacking scandal. MailOnline became the world's biggest newspaper website with 45.348 million unique users. The creation of a new local media business Local World was announced. Led by former chief executive of publishers Mecom and Mirror Group David Montgomery, Local World is created from the newspapers and websites of Northcliffe Media and Iliffe News & Media.

2013 Significant progress was made by the newspaper and magazine industry in setting up the Independent Press Standards Organisation - the new regulator for the press called for by Lord Justice Leveson. More than 90 per cent of the national press, the vast majority of the regional press, along with major magazine publishers, signed contracts to establish IPSO. Led by Sir Hayden Phillips, the independent appointments procedures were well underway, with the regulator due to launch on 1 May 2014. Politicians, publishers and press freedom organisations from across the globe railed against the Government's Royal Charter for press regulation which Culture Secretary Maria Miller admitted could become redundant if IPSO was successful. The Guardian prompted heated debate over the issue of mass surveillance after publishing a series of stories based on information leaked by the US National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden. The local press was widely praised for its coverage of floods which blighted communities with Prime Minister David Cameron singling out the Eastern Daily Press in particular. Local papers created thousands of jobs distributing Regional Growth Fund cash to small businesses.

2014 A new voice for the £6 billion national, regional and local UK news media sector was launched in the form of the News Media Association, formed by the merger of the Newspaper Society and the Newspaper Publishers’ Association. In a climate of grave threats to press freedom, the importance of newspaper journalism was highlighted through stories such as The Times’ exposure of the Rotherham abuse scandal and The Yorkshire Post’s Loneliness campaign. The Independent Press Standards Organisation, the new press regulator, launched in September with the vast majority of local and national publishers signed up to it. 2015 In October 2015, Trinity Mirror announced the acquisition of Local World for £220 million, demonstrating the publisher’s firm belief in the future of local news media. Newspapers grew their UK monthly print and online reach to more than 47 million people, more than Google’s 45 million, with newsbrands driving nearly a billion social media interactions over the course of the year. The importance of news media in holding power to account was emphasised through agenda agenda-setting campaigns such as The Sunday Times’ exposure of corruption within football world governing body Fifa and Sunday Life’s hard hitting campaign to expose and abolish the cruel practice of illegal puppy farming.

A History of Newspapers A BRIEF HISTORY OF NEWSPAPERS By Tim Lambert Early Newspapers Newspapers began circulating in the 17th century. The first newspaper in England was printed in 1641. (However the word newspaper was not recorded until 1670). The first successful daily newspaper in Britain was printed in 1702. The first American newspaper was printed in 1690. It was called Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick. The first newspaper in Canada was the Halifax Gazette in 1752. The first daily American newspaper was published in 1783. In Britain the first Sunday newspaper was the British Gazette and Sunday Monitor published in 1780. In 1785 the Daily Universal Register was first published. In 1788 it was renamed The Times. In 1814 The Times was printed with a steam-powered press for the first time. In 1848 The Times used a rotary printing press with the printing face wrapped around a cylinder for the first time. Meanwhile the Observer was founded in 1791. The Daily Telegraph was first published in 1855.

The Manchester Guardian was founded in 1821. It changed its name to The Guardian in 1959. The Sunday Times was first published in 1822. The Financial Times began in 1888. Meanwhile The News Of The World was published in 1843. Meanwhile the first Australian newspaper was published in 1803. It was called the Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser. Newspapers became far more common in the late 19th century. In the 18th century and the early 19th century stamp duty was charged on newspapers, which made them expensive. However in 1855 stamp duty on newspapers was abolished and they became cheaper and more common. In the mid-19th century newspaper reporters began to use the telegraph as a means to get news to their newspapers quickly. Then in 1880 The New York Graphic became the first newspaper to print a photo. In Britain the first tabloid newspaper was the Daily Graphic published in 1890. In 1891 it became the first British newspaper to print a photo. Modern Newspapers In the 20th century newspapers became still more common.

The Daily Mail was first published in 1896, The Daily Express was first published in 1900 and the Daily Mirror began publication in 1903. In 1964 The Daily Herald became The Sun and The Daily Star was founded in 1978. Meanwhile The Sunday Telegraph was founded in 1961 and in 1962 The Sunday Times became the first newspaper to publish a Sunday color supplement. The Mail on Sunday began in 1982. The Independent was first published in 1986. Also in 1986 Today became the first color newspaper in Britain. By the beginning of the 20th century Fleet Street was the center of the British newspaper industry. However in the 1980s newspaper owners moved away from Fleet Street. At that time computer technology replaced the old labor intensive methods of printing. The Press Complaints Commission was created in 1990. Metro, a free newspaper for commuters was first published in Britain in 1999. Then in 2010 an abbreviated version of the Independent called i was launched However in 2011 The News Of The World ceased publication.

Question: Which UK newspaper had the first colour supplement?
Answer: Sunday Times