Herbal Medicine | Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library Applied to the skin as gels Added to bath water The practice of using herbal supplements dates back thousands of years. Today, the use of herbal supplements is common among American consumers. However, herbal supplements are not for everyone. Because they are not subject to close scrutiny by the FDA, or other governing agencies, the use of herbal supplements remains controversial. It is best to consult your doctor about any symptoms or conditions you are experiencing and to discuss the use of herbal supplements. The FDA and herbal supplements The FDA considers herbal supplements foods, not drugs. Therefore, they are not subject to the same testing, manufacturing, and labeling standards and regulations as drugs. You can now see labels that explain how herbs can influence different actions in the body. However, herbal supplement labels can't refer to treating specific medical conditions. This is because herbal supplements are not subject to clinical trials or to the same manufacturing standards as prescription or traditional over-the-counter drugs. For example, St. John's wort is a popular herbal supplement thought to be useful for treating depression in some cases. A product label on St. John's wort might say, "enhances mood," but it cannot claim to treat a specific condition.

Herbal supplements, unlike medications, are not required to be standardized to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. Some manufacturers may use the word standardized on a supplement label, but it does not necessarily mean the same thing from one manufacturer to the next. Precautions when choosing herbal supplements Herbal supplements can interact with conventional medicines or have strong effects. Do not self-diagnose. Consult your doctor before taking herbal supplements. Educate yourself. Learn as much as you can about the herbs you are taking by consulting your doctor and contacting herbal supplement manufacturers for information. If you use herbal supplements, follow label instructions carefully and use the prescribed dosage only. Never exceed the recommended dosage, and seek out information about who should not take the supplement. Work with a professional. Seek out the services of a trained and licensed herbalist or naturopathic doctor who has extensive training in this area. Watch for side effects. If symptoms, such as nausea, dizziness, headache, or upset stomach, occur, reduce the dosage or stop taking the herbal supplement. Be alert for allergic reactions. A severe allergic reaction can cause difficulty breathing. If such a problem occurs, call 911 or the emergency number in your area for help. Research the company whose herbs you are taking.

All herbal supplements are not created equal, and it is best to choose a reputable manufacturer's brand. Ask yourself: Is the manufacturer involved in researching its own herbal products or simply relying on the research efforts of others? Does the product make outlandish or hard-to-prove claims? Does the product label give information about the standardized formula, side effects, ingredients, directions, and precautions? Is label information clear and easy to read? Is there a toll-free telephone number, an address, or a website address listed so consumers can find out more information about the product? What are some of the most common herbal supplements? The following list of common herbal supplements is for informational purposes only. Consult your doctor to discuss specific medical conditions or symptoms that you might be experiencing. Do not self-diagnose, and consult your doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Black cohosh This shrub-like plant of eastern North America derives its name from the Native American word for "rough" (referring to its root structure). It is generally used for menopausal conditions, painful menstruation, uterine spasms, and vaginitis. Echinacea Often used to strengthen the body's immune system, echinacea is also considered a prevention against colds and flu.

This U.S. native plant is also called the purple coneflower. Evening primrose Oil from this night-blooming, bright yellow flowering plant may be helpful in reducing symptoms of arthritis, premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Feverfew The pain-relieving properties of feverfew have been used for migraine headaches, as well as for menstrual cramps. Garlic Garlic is generally used for cardiovascular conditions, including high cholesterol and triglyceride levels associated with the risk of atherosclerosis, a disorder of the arteries caused by cholesterol and plaque deposits in the artery walls. Gingko biloba Saw palmetto may be used for enlarged prostate, a common condition in men over age 50. St. John's wort Wild-growing with yellow flowers, this herb has been used for centuries in the treatment of mental disorders. Today, it is a popular recommendation for mild to moderate depression. It is important to remember that herbal supplements are not subject to regulation by the FDA and, therefore, have not been tested in an FDA-approved clinical trial to prove their effectiveness in the treatment or management of medical conditions. Consult your doctor about symptoms you are experiencing and discuss herbal supplements before beginning use. Experience Our Care Can Herbs Ease Anxiety and Depression?

- Scientific American Scientific American Mind Can Herbs Ease Anxiety and Depression? Some plant-based remedies may stand in for conventional ones, but most lack scientific support as treatments for psychological problems Advertisement | Report Ad Herbal therapies are astoundingly popular among the American public. In 2008 statistician Patricia M. Barnes of the National Center for Health Statistics and her colleagues reported that almost 20 percent of children and adults in the U.S. had used an herbal medicine during the past year. In 1998 a team led by physician David M. Eisenberg of Harvard Medical School determined that use of herbs for physical and mental problems had risen 380 percent between 1990 and 1997. Our enthusiasm for herbal medicine is undoubtedly fueled by the high cost of prescription drugs, the fact that these drugs do not work for everyone, and a burgeoning interest in natural remedies. Moreover, many people erroneously assume that natural substances are inherently safer than synthetic medications. The use of plants as treatments dates to at least 3000 b.c. Today this practice is part of a broader movement known as complementary and alternative medicine.

Many people turn to such treatments—which also include remedies such as acupuncture, aromatherapy and massage—for psychological problems. In a 2001 study sociologist Ronald C. Kessler of Harvard Medical School and his associates found that more than half of people with panic attacks or severe depression used some form of alternative therapy, including herbs, during the previous year, usually without medical supervision. Nevertheless, most plants have not been studied for their therapeutic value or side effects. Studies of two herbal treatments—kava for anxiety and St. John's wort for depression—indicate that some plant-derived substances might help individuals with psychological problems, but the evidence is so far inconclusive. Kick Back, Relax Pacific Islanders have long used an extract of the root of the kava plant (Piper methysticum), which grows on those islands, for social, ceremonial and medicinal purposes, including relaxation and the reduction of anxiety. Introduced in the U.S. in the 1980s, kava extract is most often served as a drink, which Americans can now sample in any of various kava bars.

The Purple Lotus Kava Bar in West Palm Beach, Fla., for example, offers “a popular alternative to the same old nightlife, a place to truly kick back and relax.” For the treatment of anxiety, people generally purchase kava in drug and health food stores. Some experimental results suggest the root has antianxiety properties. In a review article published in 2010, physician Max H. Pittler of the German Cochrane Center at the University of Freiburg and physician Edzard Ernst of the Peninsula Medical School in Exeter, England, analyzed 12 well-designed studies comparing kava with a placebo for the treatment of anxiety. They found that kava was more effective than the inert substance for ameliorating general anxiety, but the difference between the two was small. Unfortunately, relatively few studies qualified for inclusion, and the investigations differed in the dosages used, strains of kava, duration of treatment and severity of the patients' anxiety. In addition, although the herb is relatively safe, it should not be used with abandon. Its side effects may include stomach complaints, restlessness, headache and fatigue.

Reports of the root causing liver damage led to a 2002 warning from the Food and Drug Administration, along with bans on kava in several countries. Further research has quieted this concern, and the bans have since been lifted. Even so, we cannot rule out the possibility that kava causes liver damage because alternative explanations for a few cases of liver problems remain unexplained by other factors. Of more concern are interactions between kava and other medications. Kava can intensify sleepiness if taken with sedatives, sleeping pills, antipsychotics or alcohol, raising the risk of injury during activities such as driving and using heavy machinery. It may also enhance the sedating effects of anticonvulsants and worsen the side effects associated with antipsychotic medication. [break] Scientists have studied other herbal remedies for anxiety, too. A few studies hint, for example, that lemon balm and valerian may be calming. Still, the evidence supporting their efficacy is even more preliminary than that for kava. And their potential dangers are equally uncertain. Weeding Out Despair St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), a plant historically used to drive out evil spirits, is the most widely studied herbal medicine for depression.

In a 2009 review physician Klaus Linde of the Munich Technical University and his colleagues evaluated 29 well-designed studies of St. John's wort, usually taken as a pill for major depression. Overall, the studies suggested that the herb was more effective than a placebo and just as effective as antidepressants such as Prozac yet came with fewer side effects. Not all of the studies Linde's team analyzed, however, found an advantage for St. John's wort over a placebo. In addition, two large-scale U.S. investigations revealed scant support for the idea that St. John's wort could ease depression. One of these, a 2011 study led by psychiatrist Mark H. Rapaport, then at Cedars-Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles, indicated that the plant was no more effective than a placebo for mild to moderate depression. Thus, this herb may ease some cases of depression, but the evidence is far from overwhelming. St. John's wort is not without some risks. It can cause stomach upset, skin rashes, fatigue, restlessness, headache and confusion.

More serious is the possibility, though slight, that it can interfere with becoming pregnant, worsen dementia or trigger psychosis in vulnerable individuals. And as with traditional antidepressants, St. John's wort can trigger a manic episode in people with bipolar disorder. The herb also may interact dangerously with other drugs. If taken with certain antidepressants, it may cause potentially life-threatening increases in the neurotransmitter serotonin. It also can reduce the effectiveness of birth-control pills, heart medications and HIV treatments, among other drugs. Approved drugs for anxiety and depression carry risks, too, but in those cases, the FDA is supposed to monitor and publicize them. In contrast, no government agency regulates herbal treatments. In addition, the fact that doctors do not prescribe herbs—and often do not even know their patients are using them—raises the risk of drug interactions. Further, relatively little is known about the purity or long-term effects of herbal remedies or what dose is optimal for a particular ailment. Despite these concerns, advertisements for herbal remedies often make exaggerated and unsubstantiated claims.

One online ad for an antianxiety pill called Seredyn containing a combination of largely untested herbs asserts that “over 93% of Seredyn users with occasional anxiety and 85% with chronic anxiety report positive results, and 80–83% of users with panic and anxiety attacks say that Seredyn helps prevent and stop their attacks.” Such testimonials are essentially meaningless if not backed by verifiable data. Nevertheless, more safe and effective herbal treatments for anxiety and depression may still be in our future. Perhaps one day scientists will discover in nature a large medicine cabinet offering new remedies for a broad spectrum of mental disorders. This article was originally published with the title "Can Herbs Ease Anxiety and Depression?" Advertisement | Report Ad (Further Reading) St John's Wort for Major Depression. Klaus Linde, Michael M. Berner and Levente Kriston in Cochrane Library. Published online October 7, 2009. Kava Extract versus Placebo for Treating Anxiety. Max H. Pittler and Edzard Ernst in Cochrane Library. Published online June 16, 2010. ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S) HAL ARKOWITZ and SCOTT O.

LILIENFELD serve on the board of advisers for Scientific American Mind. Arkowitz is an associate professor of psychology at the University of Arizona, and Lilienfeld is a psychology professor at Emory University. Send suggestions for column topics to editors@SciAmMind.com HAL ARKOWITZ and SCOTT O. LILIENFELD serve on the board of advisers for Scientific American Mind. Arkowitz is an associate professor of psychology at the University of Arizona, and Lilienfeld is a psychology professor at Emory University. Send suggestions for column topics to editors@SciAmMind.com Herbal medicine | University of Maryland Medical Center Overview What is herbal medicine? Herbal medicine, also called botanical medicine or phytomedicine, refers to using a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. Herbalism has a long tradition of use outside conventional medicine. It is becoming more mainstream as improvements in analysis and quality control, along with advances in clinical research, show the value of herbal medicine in treating and preventing disease. What is the history of herbal medicine? Plants have been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history.

Ancient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings describe medicinal uses for plants as early as 3,000 BC. Indigenous cultures (such as African and Native American) used herbs in their healing rituals, while others developed traditional medical systems (such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine) in which herbal therapies were used. Researchers found that people in different parts of the world tended to use the same or similar plants for the same purposes. In the early 19th century, when chemical analysis first became available, scientists began to extract and modify the active ingredients from plants. Later, chemists began making their own version of plant compounds and, over time, the use of herbal medicines declined in favor of drugs. Almost one fourth of pharmaceutical drugs are derived from botanicals. Recently, the World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines for some part of their primary health care. In Germany, about 600 to 700 plant based medicines are available and are prescribed by some 70% of German physicians.

In the past 20 years in the United States, public dissatisfaction with the cost of prescription medications, combined with an interest in returning to natural or organic remedies, has led to an increase in herbal medicine use. How do herbs work? In many cases, scientists are not sure what specific ingredient in a particular herb works to treat a condition or illness. Whole herbs contain many ingredients, and they may work together to produce a beneficial effect. Many factors determine how effective an herb will be. For example, the type of environment (climate, bugs, and soil quality) in which a plant grew will affect it, as will how and when it was harvested and processed. How are herbs used? The use of herbal supplements has increased dramatically over the past 30 years. Herbal supplements are classified as dietary supplements by the U.S. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994. That means herbal supplements, unlike prescription drugs, can be sold without being tested to prove they are safe and effective. However, herbal supplements must be made according to good manufacturing practices. The most commonly used herbal supplements in the U.S. include: Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea and related species) St.

John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) Practitioners often use herbs together because the combination is more effective. Health care providers must take many factors into account when recommending herbs, including the species and variety of the plant, the plant's habitat, how it was stored and processed, and whether or not there are contaminants (including heavy metals and pesticides). What is herbal medicine good for? Herbal medicine is used to treat many conditions, such as allergies, asthma, eczema, premenstrual syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, menopausal symptoms, chronic fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, and cancer, among others. It is best to take herbal supplements under the guidance of a trained provider. For example, one study found that 90% of people with arthritic use alternative therapies, such as herbal medicine. Since herbal medicines can potentially interact with prescription medications, and may worsen certain medical conditions, be sure to consult with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any herbs. Some common herbs and their uses are discussed below.

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) has been used in traditional medicine to treat circulatory disorders and enhance memory. Although not all studies agree, ginkgo may be especially effective in treating dementia (including Alzheimer disease) and intermittent claudication (poor circulation in the legs). It also shows promise for enhancing memory in older adults. Laboratory studies have shown that ginkgo improves blood circulation by dilating blood vessels and reducing the stickiness of blood platelets. By the same token, this means ginkgo may also increase the effect of some blood-thinning medications, including aspirin. People taking blood-thinning medications should ask their doctor before using ginkgo. People with a history of seizures and people with fertility issues should also use concern; Speak with your physician. Kava kava (Piper methysticum) is said to elevate mood, enhance wellbeing and contentment, and produce a feeling of relaxation. Several studies show that kava may help treat anxiety, insomnia, and related nervous disorders. However, there is serious concern that kava may cause liver damage. It is not clear whether the kava itself caused liver damage in a few people, or whether it was taking kava in combination with other drugs or herbs.

It is also not clear whether kava is dangerous at previously recommended doses, or only at higher doses. Some countries have taken kava off the market. It remains available in the United States, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a consumer advisory in March of 2002 regarding the "rare" but potential risk of liver failure associated with kava-containing products. Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is used by more than 2 million men in the United States for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. Several studies suggest that the herb is effective for treating symptoms, including frequent urination, having trouble starting or maintaining urination, and needing to urinate during the night. But not all studies agree. At least one well-conducted study found that saw palmetto was no better than placebo in relieving the signs and symptoms of BPH. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is well known for its antidepressant effects. In general, most studies have shown that St.

John's wort may be an effective treatment for mild-to-moderate depression, and has fewer side effects than most other prescription antidepressants. But the herb interacts with a wide variety of medications, including birth control pills, and can potentially cause unwanted side effects, so it is important to take it only under the guidance of a health care provider. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a popular alternative to commonly prescribed medications for sleep problems because it is considered to be both safe and gentle. Some studies bear this out, although not all have found valerian to be effective. Unlike many prescription sleeping pills, valerian may have fewer side effects, such as morning drowsiness. However, Valerian does interact with some medications, particularly psychiatric medications, so you should speak to your doctor to see if Valerian is right for you. Echinacea preparations (from Echinacea purpurea and other Echinacea species) may improve the body's natural immunity. Echinacea is one of the most commonly used herbal products, but studies are mixed as to whether it can help prevent or treat colds.

A review of 14 clinical studies examining the effect of echinacea on the incidence and duration of the common cold found that echinacea supplements decreased the odds of getting a cold by 58%. It also shortened the duration of a cold by 1.4 days. Echinacea can interact with certain medications and may not be right for people with certain conditions, for example people with autoimmune disorders or certain allergies. Speak with your physician. Buying standardized herbal supplements helps ensure you will get the right dose and the effects similar to human clinical trials. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about which herbal supplements are best for your health concerns. Is there anything I should watch out for? Used correctly, herbs can help treat a variety of conditions, and in some cases, may have fewer side effects than some conventional medications. Never assume that because herbs are "natural," they are safe. Some herbs may be inappropriate for people with certain medical conditions. Because they are unregulated, herbal products are often mislabeled and may contain additives and contaminants that are not listed on the label. Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with conventional drugs, and some are toxic if used improperly or at high doses.

Taking herbs on your own increases your risk, so it is important to consult with your doctor or pharmacist before taking herbal medicines. Some examples of adverse reactions from certain popular herbs are described below. St. John's wort can cause your skin to be more sensitive to the sun's ultraviolet rays, and may cause an allergic reaction, stomach upset, fatigue, and restlessness. Clinical studies have found that St. John's wort also interferes with the effectiveness of many drugs, including the blood thinner warfarin (Couamdin), protease inhibitors for HIV, birth control pills, certain asthma drugs, and many other medications. In addition, St. John's wort should not be taken with prescribed antidepressant medication. The FDA has issued a public health advisory concerning many of these interactions. Kava kava has been linked to liver toxicity. Kava has been taken off the market in several countries because of liver toxicity. Valerian may cause sleepiness, and in some people it may even have the unexpected effect of overstimulating instead of sedating. Garlic, ginkgo, feverfew, and ginger, among other herbs, may increase the risk of bleeding.

Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) may increase the risk of seizures in people who have seizure disorders and bleeding in people with bleeding disorders or who take blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin (Coumadin). Some herbal supplements, especially those imported from Asian countries, may contain high levels of heavy metals, including lead, mercury, and cadmium. It is important to purchase herbal supplements from reputable manufacturers to ensure quality. Many herbs can interact with prescription medications and cause unwanted or dangerous reactions. For example, there is a high degree of herb/drug interaction among patients who are under treatment for cancer. Be sure to consult your doctor before trying any herbal products. Who is using herbal medicine? Nearly one-third of Americans use herbs. Unfortunately, a study in the New England Journal of Medicine found that nearly 70% of people taking herbal medicines (most of whom were well educated and had a higher-than-average income) were reluctant tell their doctors that they used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). How is herbal medicine sold in stores? The herbs available in most stores come in several different forms: teas, syrups, oils, liquid extracts, tinctures, and dry extracts (pills or capsules).

You can make teas from dried herbs left to soak for a few minutes in hot water, or by boiling herbs in water and then straining the liquid. Syrups, made from concentrated extracts and added to sweet-tasting preparations, are often used for sore throats and coughs. Oils are extracted from plants and often used as rubs for massage, either by themselves or as part of an ointment or cream. Tinctures and liquid extracts are made of active herbal ingredients dissolved in a liquid (usually water, alcohol, or glycerol). Tinctures are typically a 1:5 or 1:10 concentration, meaning that one part of the herb is prepared with 5 to 10 parts (by weight) of the liquid. Liquid extracts are more concentrated than tinctures and are typically a 1:1 concentration. A dry extract form is the most concentrated form of an herbal product (typically 2:1 to 8:1) and is sold as a tablet, capsule, or lozenge. No organization or agency regulates the manufacture or certifies the labeling of herbal preparations.

This means you cannot be sure that the amount of the herb contained in the bottle, or even from dose to dose, is the same as what is stated on the label. Some herbal preparations are standardized, meaning that the preparation is guaranteed to contain a specific amount of the active ingredients of the herb. However, it is still important to ask companies making standardized herbal products about their product's guarantee. It is important to talk to your doctor or an expert in herbal medicine about the recommended doses of any herbal products. Are there experts in herbal medicine? Herbalists, chiropractors, naturopathic physicians, pharmacists, medical doctors, and practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine all may use herbs to treat illness. Naturopathic physicians believe that the body is continually striving for balance and that natural therapies can support this process. They are trained in 4-year, postgraduate institutions that combine courses in conventional medical science (such as pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, and surgery) with clinical training in herbal medicine, homeopathy, nutrition, and lifestyle counseling. How can I find a qualified herbalist in my area? For additional information, or to locate an experienced herbalist in your area, contact the American Herbalists Guild (AHG) site at .

To located a licensed naturopath in your area, call the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (AANP) at . What is the future of herbal medicine? In some countries in Europe, unlike the U.S., herbs are classified as drugs and are regulated. The German Commission E, an expert medical panel, actively researches their safety and effectiveness. While still not widely accepted, herbal medicine is being taught more in medical schools and pharmacy schools. More health care providers are learning about the positive and potentially negative effects of using herbal medicines to help treat health conditions. Some health care providers, including doctors and pharmacists, are trained in herbal medicine. They can help people create treatment plans that use herbs, conventional medications, and lifestyle changes to promote health. References Abeloff. Abeloff: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008. Altschuler JA, Casella SJ, MacKenzie TA, Curtis KM. The effect of cinnamon on A1C among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(4):813-6. Birks J, Grimley Evans J.

Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD003120. Bright JJ. Curcumin and autoimmune disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:425-51. Chen Y, Zhu J, Zhang W. Antitumor effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicines against lung cancer. Anticancer Drugs. 2014; 25(9):983-91. Damery S, Gratus C, Grieve R, et al. The use of herbal medicines by people with cancer: a cross-sectional survey. Br J Cancer. 2011;104(6):927-33. Dans AM, Villarruz MV, Jimeno CA, et al. The effect of Momordica charantia capsule preparation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus needs further studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(6):554-9. Dos Santos-Neto LL, de Vilhena Toledo MA, Medeiros-Souza P, de Souza GA.

The use of herbal medicine in Alzheimer's disease-a systematic review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2006;3(4):441-5. Ernst E. Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 2011:37(1). Fang L, Wang Z, Kong W, Feng JG, Ma SL, Lin NM. Anti-tumor and apoptotic effects in vitro and in vivo of a traditional Chinese medicine prescription. Chin Med J (Engl). 2011;124(21):3583-7. Gratus C, Wilson S, Greenfield SM, Damery SL, Warmington SA, Grieve R, Steven NM, Routledge P. The use of herbal medicines by people with cancer: a qualitative study. Complement Altern Med. 2009 May 14;9:14. Hasan SS, Ahmed SI, Bukhari NI, Loon WC. Use of complementary and alternative medicine among patients with chronic diseases at outpatient clinics. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2009 Aug;15(3):152-7.

Izzo AA, Ernst E. Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review. Drugs. 2009;69(13):1777-98. Jang SH, Kim DI, Choi MS. Effects and treatment methods of acupuncture and herbal medicine for premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder: systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:11. Ke F, Yadav PK, Ju LZ. Herbal medicine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(1):3-10. Kennedy DO, Haskell CF, Mauri PL, Scholey AB. Acute cognitive effects of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract complexed with phosphatidylserine. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2007;22(4):199-210. Knox J, Gaster B. Dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. J Altern Complement Med. 2007;13(1):83-95. Kraft K.

Complementary/Alternative Medicine in the context of prevention of disease and maintenance of health. Prev Med. 2009 May 22. [Epub ahead of print] Lovera J, Bagert B, Smoot K, et al. Ginkgo biloba for the improvement of cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Mult Scler. 2007;13(3):376-85. Luo H, Lu M, Pei X, Xia Z. Chinese herbal medicine for subacute thyroiditis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Tradit Chin Med. 2014;34(3):243-53. Manheimer E, Wieland S, Kimbrough E, Cheng K, Berman BM. Evidence from the Cochrane Collaboration for traditional Chinese medicine therapies. J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Sep;15(9):1001-14. Marcus DM. Therapy: Herbals and supplements for rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2009 Jun;5(6):299-300.

Mendes E, Herdeiro MT, Pimentel F. The use of herbal medicine therapies by cancer patients. Act Med Port. 2010;23(5):901-8. Modi AA, Wright EC, Seeff LB. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C: a review. Antivir Ther. 2007;12(3):285-95. Moquin B, Blackman MR, Mitty E, Flores S. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Geriatr Nurs. 2009 May-Jun;30(3):196-203. Review. Oktem M, Eroglu D, Karahan HB, Taskintuna N, Kuscu E, Zeyneloglu HB. Black cohosh and fluoxetine in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms: a prospective, randomized trial. Adv Ther. 2007;24(2):448-61. Pham AQ, Kourlas H, Pham DQ. Cinnamon supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacotherapy.

2007;27(4):595-9. Roberts AT, Martin CK, Liu Z, et al. The safety and efficacy of a dietary herbal supplement and gallic acid for weight loss. J Med Food. 2007;10(1):184-8. Sarris J, Panossian A, Schweitzer I, Stough C, Scholey A. Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety, and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21(12):841-60. Schink M, Troger W, Dabidian A, et al. Mistletoe extract reduces the surgical suppression of natural killer cell activity in cancer patients. a randomized phase III trial. Forsch Komplementarmed. 2007;14(1):9-17. Sheridan MJ, Cooper JN, Erario M, Cheifetz CE. Pistachio nut consumption and serum lipid levels. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007;26(2):141-8. Shimazaki M, Martin JL.

Do herbal agents have a place in the treatment of sleep problems in long-term care? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007;8(4):248-52. Shrestha S, Freake HC, McGrane MM, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. A combination of psyllium and plant sterols alters lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic subjects by modifying the intravascular processing of lipoproteins and increasing LDL uptake. J Nutr. 2007;137(5):1165-70. Sood A, Barton DL, Bauer BA, Loprinzi CL. A critical review of complementary therapies for cancer-related fatigue. Integr Cancer Ther. 2007;6(1):8-13. Tamayo C, Diamond S. Review of clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of milk thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.). Integr Cancer Ther. 2007;6(2):146-57. Teas J, Braverman LE, Kurzer MS, Pino S, Hurley TG, Hebert JR.

Seaweed and soy: companion foods in Asian cuisine and their effects on thyroid function in American women. J Med Food. 2007;10(1):90-100. Thomson CA, Rock CL, Caan BJ, et al. Increase in cruciferous vegetable intake in women previously treated for breast cancer participating in a dietary intervention trial. Nutr Cancer. 2007;57(1):11-9. Valentova K, Stejskal D, Bednar P, et al. Biosafety, antioxidant status, and metabolites in urine after consumption of dried cranberry juice in healthy women: a pilot double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55(8):3217-24. Velasquez MT, Bhathena SJ. Role of dietary soy protein in obesity. Int J Med Sci. 2007;4(2):72-82. Wang S, Tang Q, Qian W, Fan Y. Meta-analysis of clinical trials on traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis. Allergy.

2012;67(5):583-92. Wojcikowski K, Myers S, Brooks L. Effects of garlic oil on platelet aggregation: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Platelets. 2007;18(1):29-34. Yamada J, Hamuro J, Hatanaka H, Hamabata K, Kinoshita S. Alleviation of seasonal allergic symptoms with superfine beta-1,3-glucan: a randomized study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(5):1119-26. Yang XX, Hu ZP, Duan W, Zhu YZ, Zhou SF. Drug-herb interactions: eliminating toxicity with hard drug design. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(35):4649-64. Zhang M, Liu X, Li J, He L, Tripathy D. Chinese medicinal herbs to treat the side-effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD004921.

Zwickey H, Brush J, Iacullo CM, Connelly E, Gregory WL, Soumyanath A, Buresh R. The effect of Echinacea purpurea, Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza glabra on CD25 expression in humans: a pilot study. Phytother Res. 2007; [Epub ahead of print]. Alternative Names 6 Herbs and Natural Supplements for Depression Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved medications for the treatment of depression, but you may not like the idea of taking a synthetic or manufactured pill. Another option that some people try to help feel better are herbs and natural remedies. Many of these have been used medicinally for centuries as folk and alternative treatments. Today, many herbs are marketed as mood boosters for people who experience chronic feelings of sadness or hopelessness. Studies have attempted to track the benefits of herbs for treating depression.

Here are several herbs that may help lift your mood when you experience mild to moderate depression. St. John’s Wort St. John’s wort is a plant that’s native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. Europeans commonly take St. John’s wort as a way to treat depression, but the FDA hasn’t approved the herb to treat the condition. Taking the herb has been linked with increasing the amount of serotonin. Serotonin is a feel-good chemical in the brain that’s often low in people who have depression. Several antidepressants work by increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), St. John’s wort may help milder forms of depression, although its effects haven’t been conclusively proven either way. A 2008 review of 29 studies on St. John’s wort found that the plant was just as effective for treating mild to moderate depression as antidepressants yet resulted in fewer side effects. On the other hand, the NIH’s National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health sponsored two separate studies that found it wasn’t better than a placebo for treating depression. It’s important to note that St.

John’s wort is known for interacting with lots of medications. This especially goes for blood thinners, birth control pills, and chemotherapy medications. Always check with your doctor before taking this herb. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Omega-3 fatty acids are a healthy form of fats found in fish such as salmon, trout, and sardines (among others). They are available in supplement form and are sometimes also called fish oil capsules. According to the Mayo Clinic , researchers have found that people who have low levels of two brain chemicals found in fish oil supplements may be at an increased risk for depression. It is ideal to get a higher ratio of DHA to EPA, which are both types of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition to taking fish oil supplements to get omega-3 fatty acids, you can also increase the amount of fish you eat. Eating fish three times a week can increase your omega-3 fatty acids without having to take supplements. Keep in mind that some fish can have high levels of mercury. These include swordfish, tilefish, king mackerel, and shark. Avoid these in favor of lower mercury fish like light canned tuna, salmon, freshwater trout, and sardines.

Saffron Saffron is a spice derived from a dried portion of a crocus, a flower in the iris family. According to a study in Alternative Medicine Review , taking saffron stigma (the end of the carpel, or rod-like stem, in the flower) has been shown to be effective in treating mild to moderate depression. SAM-e SAM-e is short for S-adenosylmethionine. This supplement is designed to act like a synthetic form of the body’s natural mood-boosting chemicals. According to the Mayo Clinic , SAM-e is regarded as a supplement in the United States — the FDA doesn’t consider it a medication. You shouldn’t take SAM-e along with antidepressants. You should also be aware that SAM-e can cause health effects like upset stomach and constipation if you take too much. Folate There may be a link between low levels of folic acid (the synthetic form of folate) and people with depression. Taking 500 mcg of folic acid has been linked with improving the effectiveness of other antidepressants medications. Focus on consuming folate-rich foods daily. These include beans, lentils, fortified cereals, dark leafy greens, sunflower seeds, and avocado.

Zinc Zinc is a nutrient linked with mental functions like learning and behavior. Low levels of blood zinc are more associated with depression, according to Biological Psychiatry . According to Nutrition Neuroscience , taking a 25 mg zinc supplement daily for 12 weeks can help reduce depression symptoms. Taking zinc supplements can also increase the amount of available omega-3 fatty acids in the body. Myths and Misconceptions About Herbs and Depression Several heath food stores may market herbs and supplements as being able to treat depression. However, according to a review published in BJPsych Advances, there are several that haven’t been proven as effective in treating depression. These include the following herbs: Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn) Piper methysticum ( kava ) Valeriana officinalis (valerian) If you do choose to use these or other herbs, always check with your doctor first to make sure they won’t interact with any medicines you might be taking. Talk to Your Doctor Although some herbs and supplements show promise in treating depression, they aren’t a consistent or reliable substitute for treatments when you experience severe depression. You should call a doctor right away if you have severe depression or thoughts of hurting yourself.

Don’t try to rely on supplements as a way to pull you through these severe symptoms. Depression can be a serious disease. You should work with your doctor to find a treatment plan that fits for you. 1 Article Resources Article resources Dwyer, A. V., Whitten, D. L., & Hawrelak, J. A. (2011, March). Herbal medicines, other than St. John’s Wort, in the treatment of depression: a systematic review [Abstract]. Alternative Medicine Review, 16(1), 40-49. Retrieved from Ernst, E. (2007, June). Herbal remedies for depression and anxiety. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 13(4), 312-316. Retrieved from Hall-Flavin, D. K. (2015, July 28). Depression (major depressive disorder): Is there any benefit to taking fish oil supplements for depression? Retrieved from Hall-Flavin, D. K. (2015, July 28). Depression (major depressive disorder): I’ve heard natural remedies for depression, such as St.

John’s wort, can work as well as antidepressants. Is that true? Retrieved from Kaner, G., Soylu, M., Yuksel, N., Inanc, N., Ongan, D., & Basmisirli, E. (2015). Evaluation of nutrition status of patients with depression. Biomedical Research International, 521481. Retrieved from Komori, T. (2015, April 1). The effects of phosphatidylserine and omega-3 fatty acid containing supplement on later life depression. Mental Illness, 7(1), 5647. Retrieved from Linde, K., Berner, M. M., & Kriston, L. (2008, October 8). St. John’s wort for treating depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015, July 22). Depression (major depressive disorder). Retrieved from Natural Resource Defense Council. (2006, May). Mercury in fish. Retrieved from Ranjbar, E., Kasaei, M.

S., Mohammad-Shirazi, M., Nasrollahzadeh, J., Rashidkhani, B., Shams, J., Mostafavi, S. A., & Mohammadi, M. R. (2013, June). Effects of zinc supplementation in patients with major depression: A randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 8(2), 73-79. Retrieved from Ranjbar, E., Shams, J., Mohammad-Shirazi, M., Rashidkhani, B., Shams, J., Mostafavi, S. A., & Nasrollahzadeh, J., (2014, February). Effects of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy, inflammatory cytokines, and brain derived neurotropic factor in patients with major depression. Nutritional Neuroscience, 17(2), 65-71. Retrieved from Sheahan, C. M. (2012, July). Plant guide for common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum). Retrieved from St. John’s wort and depression. (September 2013).

Retrieved from Swardfager, W., Herrmann, N., Mazereeuw, G., Goldberger, K., Harimoto, T., & Lanctot, K. (2013, December 15). Zinc in depression: a meta-analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 74(12), 872-878. Retrieved from Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. - PubMed - NCBI Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011 Dec;21(12):841-60. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.04.002. Epub 2011 May 23. Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. 1The University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Australia. jsarris@unimelb.edu.au Abstract Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has increased markedly over the past decades.

To date however, a comprehensive review of herbal antidepressant, anxiolytic and hypnotic psychopharmacology and applications in depression, anxiety and insomnia has been absent. A search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to February 21st 2011) on commonly used psychotropic herbal medicines. A review of the literature was conducted to ascertain mechanisms of action of these botanicals, in addition to a systematic review of controlled clinical trials for treatment of mood, anxiety and sleep disorders, which are common comorbid psychiatric disorders. Specific emphasis was given to emerging phytomedicines. Analysis of evidence levels was conducted, as were effect sizes (Cohen's d) where data were available. Results provided evidence of a range of neurochemical, endocrinological, and epigenetic effects for 21 individual phytomedicines, which are detailed in this paper. Sixty six controlled studies were located involving eleven phytomedicines. Several of these provide a high level of evidence, such as Hypericum perforatum for major depression, and Piper methysticum for anxiety disorders.

Several human clinical trials provide preliminary positive evidence of antidepressant effects (Echium amoenum, Crocus sativus, and Rhodiola rosea) and anxiolytic activity (Matricaria recutita, Ginkgo biloba, Passiflora incanata, E. amoenum, and Scutellaria lateriflora). Caution should however be taken when interpreting the results as many studies have not been replicated. Several herbal medicines with in vitro and in vivo evidence are currently unexplored in human studies, and along with use of emerging genetic technologies "herbomics", are areas of potential future research. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PMID: Herbal Medicine | Health Services Herbal Medicine What is herbal medicine? Herbs have played a major part in medicine for thousands of years. Every culture and every medicinal system, from Ayurveda to Traditional Chinese Medicine , have used herbs for therapeutic purposes. There are thousands of herbs with thousands of different uses, many of which are used in conventional medicine as well as for natural remedies. Herbs are widely used today, in teas, vitamins and natural supplements.

While the benefits of herbal medicine are vast, it is important to understand the basis of herbal medicine and to recognize that some herbs can have negative impacts on health. What is the history of herbal medicine? Herbal medicine has its roots in every culture around the world, from the Greeks, to the Celts, the Romans to the Arabs, and the Chinese to the Indians. Western herbalism dates back to ancient Egypt, where records of garlic and juniper used for medicinal purposes were found from as early as 1700 B.C. By 100 B.C., the Greeks had developed a comprehensive philosophy of herbal medicine that related different herbs to different temperaments, seasons and elements such as earth, air, fire and water. The Romans took the Greek theories of medicine and added to them, creating a wealth of medical practices, some of which are still used today. Eastern herbalism mainly comes from the traditions of Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). These two medicinal systems use herbs to bring the body back in balance so that it can heal itself. In TCM, this means restoring qi, or "life energy," and balancing the yin forces with theyang forces.

Both traditions incorporate knowledge of the elements, the seasons and parts of the body into their herbal treatments. Other traditions such as Native Americans from both North America and South America have used herbs in medicine. Many of these traditions incorporate ritual and magic into their practices with the use of a shaman, or medicine man. What are the principles of herbal medicine? Herbalism is designed to use herbs to treat the underlying causes of disease in a client. Instead of looking at the signs and symptoms and then treating the disease, herbalists look at the whole picture, from lifestyle to physical stressor, in order to prescribe the right treatment. Once the cause of a condition is discovered, the herb is prescribed to restore the body's natural balance. Herbalism is understanding how different herbs work with the body to restore balance and health. Herbs are also used in many traditions as a preventative action to boost immune function and promote general wellbeing before any disease occurs. While many pharmaceutical companies use the active ingredients found in herbs in their products, herbalists believe in something called "herbal synergy," which means that in order for the herb to be as safe and effective as possible, it is important to use the whole plant instead of extracting only the active ingredients.

For instance, meadowsweet contains salicylic acid, which is the active ingredient in aspirin. While aspirin alone often causes issues in people who have sensitive stomachs, meadowsweet also contains tannin and mucilage, which work to protect the stomach from the salicylic acid. 1 Are there different types of herbal medicine? There are many different types of herbal medicine with roots in many different traditions. For more information on different medicinal systems that use herbs, see Ayurveda , and Traditional Chinese Medicine . How are herbs prepared? Decoctions are made by boiling barks, roots and berries to extract the active ingredients. The liquid is strained and can be taken either hot or cold. Tinctures are made by soaking herbs in water and alcohol to extract and preserve the active ingredients. The liquid is then stored in small bottles and taken with water. Infusions are made like teas. Boiling water is poured over the herb and is left to sit for about 10 minutes, creating a liquid to be taken as a hot drink or medicine. Infused Oils are made with chopped herbs and oil. The mixture is either placed in a bowl over boiling water, or left to infuse in the sunlight.

Creams are made from herbs and either oil or fat. The mixture simmers for about three hours before it is strained and set in dark bottles. Ointments are also made from herbs combined with either oil or fat. The ointment is then heated quickly over boiling water before it is strained and set. What are the benefits of herbal medicine? Herbal medicine can be very useful for treating many different illnesses from minor scrapes and burns to serious diseases. Herbal medicines are mostly used for persistent illnesses such as migraines, arthritis, depression and PMS. Herbal remedies are easy to take, and many herbs can be grown at home, so they are often more convenient for minor conditions. It is important to note that herbal remedies cannot replace conventional treatments in many cases, and that not all herbs are safe for human ingestion. What are some commonly used herbs? Echinacea - often used in tinctures or powders to reduce symptoms of the common cold and flu. It is also used for infections, particularly those of the kidney. Garlic - used to reduce cholesterol levels and blood pressure, as well as for treating infections. It can be taken fresh, as a powder, as oil or as a juice.

Ginger - commonly used to reduce nausea, to reduce symptoms of colds and chills through sweating and to boost circulation. It can be taken fresh, dried, or as oil. Gingko - most commonly used to improve memory. Gingko improves circulation, particularly to the brain, though it is also used to regulate irregular heartbeats and to reduce symptoms of dementia. It is usually taken as a tincture or an infusion. Ginseng - used to boost the immune system and decrease fatigue. It is also used for lungs conditions such as coughs, and to reduce blood pressure. The root is taken as a powder, tincture, or decoction. St. John's Wort - used as an anti-depressant, for anxiety, irritability and exhaustion. It can also be used topically for burns and inflammations. St. John’s Wort is usually taken as an infusion, tincture or cream. Lavender - popular as aromatic oil, and can be used to treat a wide variety of ailments from exhaustion to headaches, and indigestion to depression. It is commonly taken as an infusion, tincture, mouthwash, cream, lotion, massage oil, chest rub, hair rinse or oil.

Chamomile - a popular herb used for indigestion, stress relief, anxiety, and insomnia. It is also used for asthma and bronchitis. It can be taken as an infusion, tincture, ointment, inhalation or mouthwash. Can I use herbs on my own? Many people use herbs as daily supplements, or to treat specific ailments. While it usually safe and effective to do so, it is important to educate yourself on the correct way to use each herb, as some are not safe to ingest. If you do decide to take an herbal supplement, it is important to let your health care provider know, as many herbs interact with other forms of medicine. Encyclopedia of Healing Therapies by Anne Woodham and Dr. David Peters; pg 135. Mayo Clinic Book of Alternative Medicine. Time, Inc. Encyclopedia of Healing Therapies by Anne Woodham and Dr. David Peters. Alternative Healing: The Complete A-Z Guide to more than 150 AlternativeTherapies by Mark Kastner, L.Ac., Dipl.Ac., and Hugh Burroughs. Henry Holt and Company: 1996.

Natural Health Complete Guide to Medicinal Herbs by Penelope Ody, MNIMH. Dorling Kindersley, New York: 2000. Resource Guide: Harvesting Your Medicine | Numen: The Healing Power of Plants By Larken Bunce, MS, Clinical Herbalist & Co-Director Vermont Center for Integrative Herbalism , Montpelier, VT ©2009 Depression has reached epidemic proportions in industrialized cultures in the past 30 years, with an estimated 15% of the population expected to experience depression in their lifetime. Women are twice as likely to suffer as men, as are those with family history of depression and early-life stress. Symptoms of depression include lasting negative mood or loss of interest in pleasurable experiences; changes in appetite and/or body weight, sleeping patterns, ability to concentrate, psychomotor function, or energy levels; feelings of low self-worth or guilt; and thoughts about death or suicide. Some people experience these symptoms more severely or more consistently than others; however, any level of depression can impact personal relationships, work life, and overall health.

Whether depression is circumstantial—that is, in response to a particular event—or a chronic condition experienced over long periods, herbs can assist in elevating mood, increasing concentration, improving sleep and energy levels, and regulating appetite. In our northern climate, some people experience depression only in the winter (seasonal affective disorder) and herbs, along with dietary shifts and perhaps vitamin D, can offer good support here, too. Herbalists recommend stimulating nervines, which support and enliven the central nervous system, shifting both our internal chemical environment and our perception of our external environment. Adaptogens, working through the endocrine system, help us manage the stress that often contributes to depression. Conveniently, many of these herbs simultaneously improve appetite, brain circulation, energy, and sleep quality. Mood-enhancing herbs to try alone or in combination Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis): quick-acting, gentle remedy that lifts the spirits, Melissa refers to the bees that so love this plant—we love it too for the sweetness it brings, especially for sadness accompanying mild depression and/or anxiety; particularly useful for menopausal depression; also a gentle digestive remedy; good tea, tincture, glycerite.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): for depression with general debility, sluggish appetite, cardiovascular deficiency, and cloudy thinking (sometimes called "vegetative"); dispels despondency and worry; increases concentration and memory by increasing blood flow to brain; especially effective to dispel brain fog of menopause and aging; its warming effect can dispel chilly toes along with winter blues; great as tincture and added to soups. Lavender (Lavandula officinalis): can be used for depression characterized by low motivation, energy, and appetite, as well as for depression coupled with anxiety; helpful when a sense of loss affects the heart; calms the mind while also stimulating gently; use in small proportions in tinctures or tea blends—the flavor is strong.

Rose petal (Rosa spp): we all know the sweet smell of a wild rose can bring delight, but we rarely think about this plant for healing; rose has an uplifting, restoring, and calming effect on the nervous system, lifts depression, dispels mental and physical fatigue, and soothes irritability, grief, and anger; the essential oil can also be used for depression, especially that caused by lack of love or intimacy in one's life; lovely as tea (as a small part of a blend) or as a tasty glycerite! Damiana (Turnera diffusa): an excellent tonic in "vegetative" depression, as well as when depression is accompanied by anxiety; has a reputation for kindling sexual desire; a wonderful tea for winter-morning "blahs" or general feelings of mental or physical inertia.

Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): while this plant has had some mixed press, it has proven itself in clinical settings and through research to be quite effective for mild to moderate unipolar depression and seasonal affective disorder; blooming in our fields right around summer solstice, it brings the sun's bright spirit into the depths of winter, elevating mood, and relieving fatigue and negative sense of self; best if combined with other mood-supporting herbs, especially lemon balm; not to be used with antidepressants or other prescription medications without professional advice; can take 4–6 weeks to reach full effectiveness; take as a tea, tincture, or capsule (standardized extract). photo by Larken Bunce Valerian root (Valeriana officinalis): historically used for "feeble brain circulation" with depression and despondency; current research has found valerian to be as effective as a leading antidepressant (Elavil) when combined with St. John's wort; best as tincture. Mood-enhancing Tea 1 part damiana 1/2 part rose petals Combine herbs and place 1–2 tablespoons of dried herbs in 8–16 oz.

of boiled water, allowing them to steep covered for 15 minutes. Drink 3 times per day or fill a thermos and drink throughout the day. Adaptogenic Herbs (to try alongside your tea) Schisandra berry (Schisandra chinensis): invigorating to the mind as well as the digestion; excellent for exhausted and unfocused folks; also excellent for liver damage and regeneration (take with food—can give a little heartburn). Eleuthero root (Eleutherococcus senticosus): a fairly "neutral" adaptogen, it's not too stimulating for most folks, but does increase energy and immune function in the short term and over time. Holy basil leaf (Ocimum sanctum): like culinary basil, this herb supports digestion and enhances circulation, encouraging clear thinking; a great remedy to consider where blood sugar levels are high; a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant; makes great tea or available as capsule or tincture. Flower Essences for Depression These gentle, vibrational remedies specifically address emotional and psychological distress. A few of my favorites are borage, elm, gentian, larch, mustard, and white chestnut.

All of these, except borage, are available in the Bach line; more information is available wherever essences are sold to help you select the most appropriate essence for you. Text development financially supported by the Herbalist in the Aisle program of Hunger Mountain Coop , Montpelier, VT. 8 Natural Treatments for Depression By Cathy Wong, ND - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. Updated June 30, 2016 In any given year, nearly 20 million adults in the United States have depression. Most people with depression do not seek treatment, although the majority can be helped with treatment. If you're experiencing symptoms of depression (such as difficulty concentrating, persistent feelings of sadness, decreased energy) consult your physician as soon as possible. Natural Remedies for Depression A number of preliminary studies suggest that certain remedies may offer health benefits. If you're considering the use of any supplement or remedy, talk to your doctor first. Keep in mind that self-treating depression and avoiding or delaying standard care can have serious health consequences. Here are eight natural and herbal remedies to consider: 1) St. John's Wort The herb St.

John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) has long been used in folk medicine for sadness, worry, nervousness, and poor sleep. Numerous clinical trials suggest that St. John's wort may be effective mild to moderate depression, however, it may not be effective for major depression. St. John's wort may take 4 to 6 weeks to notice the full effect. Side effects may include dizziness, dry mouth, indigestion, and fatigue. St. John's wort increases photosensitivity, so caution should be taken to protect skin and eyes from sunlight. St. John's wort can interfere with the effectiveness of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, such as antidepressants, drugs to treat HIV infections and AIDS, drugs to prevent organ rejection for transplant patients, and oral contraceptives. St. John's wort is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women, children, or people with bipolar disorder, liver or kidney disease. Learn more about St. John's wort . 2) Omega-3 Fatty Acids Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of fat needed for normal brain function. Our bodies cannot make omega-3 fatty acids so they must be obtained through diet.

Studies have linked depression with low dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and have also found that countries with higher fish consumption, such as Japan, have a lower rate of depression. Preliminary studies suggest that omega-3's (DHA and EPA) together with antidepressants may be more effective than antidepressants alone. Cold water fish such as salmon, sardines, and anchovies are the richest food source of omega-3 fatty acids. Fish oil and cod liver oil are also available. Although fish may contain pollutants such as PCBs, many companies filter the oil so that these chemicals are removed. Fish oil capsules may interact with blood-thinners such as warfarin and aspirin. Side effects may include indigestion and bleeding. Fish oil should not be taken two weeks before or after surgery. For more information, read Fish oil and Depression and also learn more about using Omega-3 Fatty Acids . 3) SAM-E SAM-e, or S-adenosyl-L-methionine, is a compound found naturally in the human body that may increase levels of neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. Several studies have found SAM-e to be effective than placebo for depression.

In North America, SAM-e is available in supplement form in health food stores, drug stores, and online. Proponents typically recommend the enteric-coated form for maximum absorption. Learn more about SAM-e and Depression . 4) Folic Acid Folate, is a B vitamin found in green leafy vegetables, fruit, beans, and fortified grains. It is one of the more prevalent vitamin deficiencies due to poor diet and also because of medication use (such as aspirin and oral contraceptives). Preliminary research suggests that people with depression who also have low folate levels may not respond as well to antidepressants, and taking folic acid in supplement form may improve the effectiveness of antidepressants. 5) 5-HTP 5-HTP, or 5-hydroxytryptophan, is produced naturally in the body and is used in the formation of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Although taking 5-HTP in supplement form may theoretically boost the body's serotonin levels, many experts feel there is not enough evidence to determine the safety of 5-HTP. It should not be combined with antidepressants.

Question: Which plant is commonly used as a herbal treatment for depression?
Answer: St. Johns Wort