sodium thiosulfate | chemical compound | Britannica.com Sodium thiosulfate THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Alternative Titles: hypo, sodium hyposulfite Learn about this topic in these articles: in sodium (Na): Principal compounds ...synthetically by the treatment of sodium chloride with sulfuric acid. The crystallized product is a hydrate, Na 2SO 4·10H 2O, commonly known as Glauber’s salt. Sodium thiosulfate (sodium hyposulfite), Na 2S 2O 3, is used by photographers to fix developed negatives and prints; it acts by dissolving the part of the silver salts... in history of photography: Photogenic drawing ...was inadequate, however, and the process was not successful until February 1839, when his astronomer friend Sir John Herschel suggested fixing the negatives with sodium hyposulphite (now called sodium thiosulfate) and waxing them before printing, which reduced the grain of the paper.

in technology of photography: Fixing The fixing bath contains a chemical (sodium or ammonium thiosulfate) that converts the silver halide into soluble, complex silver salts that dissolve in the fixer. During this process the film loses its original silver halide milkiness overlaying the image and becomes clear. The fixer also contains a weak acid (to halt the development process) and a hardening agent to reduce gelatin swelling. Hyposulphate of Soda (Photographic Fixer) Hyposulphate of Soda (Photographic Fixer) Sarah Baron: Instructor of Photography at The Art Institutes Hyposulphate of Soda is a colorless, odorless chemical compound that, today, is more commonly known as Sodium Thiosulphate. “Hypo” is the fixing agent that is used to add stability and permanence to darkroom generated photographic negatives and prints. [2,3] Materials and Technique In 1839, after years of observing and researching the compound’s effect on silver halides, British chemist and astronomer Sir John Herschel proposed the use of the chemical in the burgeoning photographic processes that were being developed in both England and France.

Daguerre and Talbot were using silver and silver salts, in conjunction with sunlight, to make images directly from reality. However, both men were having problems keeping those images from fading. Herschel’s suggestion made it possible for the resulting prints from each process to be made permanent. Without the use of this fixer, even after rinsing off the chemicals used for development, an image will slowly continue to keep developing until it turns completely black or disappears. [1,2] Little Known Facts Hyposulphate of Soda, Fixer, Fix, and Hypo are all different names for the same photographic chemical that is used to make negatives and prints more permanent. Sodium thiosulphate and derivatives of the compound have scientific and medical uses, in addition to its photographic applications. It can be used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning, a treatment for fungal infections, to reduce the chlorine levels in pools, and it is an ingredient in the hand warming pouches.

[3,4] Industries connections Sodium Chemicals - Sodium Carbonate Wholesale Trader from Bengaluru » Sodium Chemicals Our product range includes a wide range of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, aluminum sulphate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium metabisulphite and sodium thiosulphate. Sodium Carbonate Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 26 / Kilogram(s) We are one of the leading Supplier, Wholesaler and Trader Sodium Carbonate. Our offered range is developed by best composition of chemical. We offer them at very pocket friendly prices making us the first choice of the customers. The offered carbonate is processed using the best quality chemical compounds under our experts supervision at our advanced and well- equipped laboratories. Additionally, our valuable clients can avail this Sodium Carbonate at pocket friendly prices. Features: Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 42 / Kilogram(s) Our client can avail from us high quality of Sodium Hydroxide. We provide this in different specification to meet the diverse requirement of client. It is widely used in several industries such as in the production of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water.

It is a white solid and highly caustic metallic base and alkali salt which is available in pellets, flakes, granules, and as prepared solutions at a number of different concentrations. Features: Safe and reliable Physical properties of Sodium Hydroxide are as follows: It is hygroscopic and readily absorbs water from the air, so it should be stored in an airtight container It is very soluble in water with liberation of heat It also dissolves in ethanol and methanol Specifications: Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 15 / Kilogram(s) With the assistance of skilled and experienced professionals, we are offering an excellent quality of Aluminum Sulphate. Our offered range is manufactured under hygienical conditions, this chemical matter is also further checked by our team for ensuring its condition, composition and powerfulness. Aluminum Sulphate offered by us is mainly used in the pulp and paper industry as a flocculating agent. Furthermore, consumer can avail this product in various message alternative at nominal prices. Features: Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 10 / Kilogram(s) Owing to our phenomenal industry knowledge, we have become a prominent manufacturer and supplier engaged in providing an excellent quality Sodium Hypochlorite.

Sodium Hypochlorite is oxidizing agent, usually stored & used in solution, disagreeable, sweetish odor & pale greenish color, soluble in cold water, decomposed by hot water, mp 18C. & also Used in Hotels, Hospitals, Pharmaceutical Industries, Resorts. In addition, our patrons can easily get this Sodium Hypochlorite from us in numerous packaging options at reasonable prices. Features: Chlorine w/v basis 12% Minimum Free Alkalinity 2 % Max Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 28 / Kilogram(s) Our valuable client can avail form us excellent quality of Sodium Metabisulphite. We offer this in different specification to meet the diverse requirement of clients. Our quality complies with domestic as well as international standards. It is used as a disinfectant, antioxidant and preservative agent & also these chemicals are widely used in beverage, food and water treatment industry. Features: Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 22 / Kilogram(s) Our organization is engaged in offering excellent quality of pure Sodium Thiosulphate which is also known as Sodium thiosulfate, thiosulfuric acid, and disodium salt.

This Sodium Thiosulphate is widely used in leather tanning, film and photographic paper processing and many more. It is widely used for iodometric applications, gold extraction and photographic processing, and as a hand warmers. We do complete quality checking of these salts before supplying these to our valuable clients. Features: These chemicals are accurate composition and safe usage. Low levels of heavy metal, arsenic and lead Perfect composition Chemical Formula: Anhydrous: Na2S2O3 & Pentahydrate: Na2S2O3-5H2O Molecular wt.: 158.11 and 248.19 Bulk Density: 1.75 Melting Point: 48 degree C Solubility: Soluble in water. Keep away from heat and water Avoid inhalation Wash exposed area with soap and water Get medical attention for any breathing difficulty Request Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 58 / Kilogram(s) We are engaged in providing a high quality of Sodium Tripolyphosphate to our valuable clients in different specification to meet the diverse requirement of client.

It is the sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion, which is the conjugate base of triphosphoric acid. Further, in order to deliver quality assured chemicals to our clients, the appointed team of inspectors stringently checks them on various standard parameters. We offer Sodium Tripolyphosphate in air tight packing to clients at reasonable price. Features: Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 13 / Kilogram(s) Offering excellent quality of Sodium Sulphate. These are provided in different specification to meet the diverse requirement of client. It is used for the manufacturing of detergents and in the Kraft process of paper pulping. To restrain its antibiotic nature, this chemical undergoes on various quality checks, done by our skilled experts. Our clients can avail this Sodium Sulphate from us at very nominal rates. Features: Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 29 / Kilogram(s) We are one of the prominent company engaged in offering a excellent quality of Sodium Bicarbonate. These are highly affordable and easily available in the market. These are sourced from the reliable vendors in the market who make use of appropriate compounds and advanced formulation technique to process them. Also, it is an effective fungicide against some organisms.

Moreover, we provide the offered Sodium Bicarbonate in safe packaging options and at market leading prices. Features: IUPAC ID: Sodium hydrogen carbonate Request Get Best Quote Approx. Price: Rs 84 / Kilogram(s) Clients can avail from us premium quality Sodium Citrate & also known as sour salt, that is used as an acidity regulator in drinks, and also as an emulsifier for oils when making cheese. Sodium Citrate is mainly used as an expectorant and a urine alkalizer. It is also used as a blood anticoagulant either alone or in combination with other citrates such as disodium hydrogen citrate. Sodium Citrate is also use as food additive or preservative in foods and beverages. Known for accurate composition, purity and long shelf life, our range of Sodium Citrate is offered at very affordable prices. Features: Long shelf life Applications and Effects: Our product acts as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, It also can be used as an osmotic laxative. Also, in small quantities it can help physical performances of the anticoagulant in blood transfusions, sodium salt can also help to restore your body's pH levels.

The normal pH level of urine ranges from 4 to 8. A pH level below 4 indicates a high level of acid in urine. So doctors commonly recommend sodium citrate. Technical Specifications: Sodium Thiosulphate Manufacturer,Sodium Thiosulphate Supplier,Exporter Product Description Sodium Thiosulphate Since the inception, we are are supplying and trading Sodium Thiosulphate. This product is widely used in Iodometric applications, photographic processing, and gold extraction and as a component in hand warmers. This chemical is also commonly called as thio-sulphate, this chemical is a colourless crystalline compound in appearance and is more familiar as the penta-hydrate, Na2S2O3,5H2O, an efflorescent, monoclinic crystalline substance also called sodium hypo-sulphite or "hypo." Its chemical formula is Na2S2O3 and is known for its accurate composition and high pH value. Grade Lloyd Erlick / Technical / Processing Fiber Base Prints with Ansel Adams' Odorless and Cheap "Plain Fixer" from Bulk Chemicals By Lloyd Erlick, April 15, 1998.

Recently my darkroom activities have revolved around a quest for a fixer that did not stink -- and did not try to tear out my mucous membranes. I find so-called 'rapid' fixers much too harsh. There are many formulas for conventional fixers. (A conventional fixer is based on sodium thiosulfate, the chemical that was originally, and erroneously, termed sodium hyposulphite, which explains the persistent term 'hypo' for the active fixer ingredient.) Most are fairly simple and straightforward, and the variations are mainly due to different functions. Hardening versus non-hardening is a primary difference. Acid versus non-acid is another. Hardening is a venerable process from the early days of photography. Photosensitive coatings are notoriously soft and delicate, especially when wet during processing. A hardener is a substance added to a fixer (or sometimes a stop bath) to make the material tougher, or harder. Modern day films and papers are much less prone to damage when wet. In fact, they need hardener much less, or not at all. I have never used a hardener in all my life. Careful working methods suffice to prevent damage to print surfaces.

An interesting fact about hardeners is that they demand an acidic environment. Therefore, when hardener is added to fixer, it must also contain an acid. Acid in fixers is there for another reason: it halts development. Many people sloppily allow developer to be carried over to the fixer from the developer step of their processing. The use of a stop bath is recommended to prevent this. But even if a stop bath is used, a certain amount of developer will end up in the fix. Fix poisoned with developer is an excellent source of print stains. This is a problem we will address effectively and cheaply. Thus, two components of common fixer formulas (acid and hardener) may be omitted as long as the darkroom worker observes careful practices: use a stop bath, and take steps to prevent developer from being carried over to the fixer. These demands are easy to satisfy, and for zero cost, as well. After the developer step, rinse the print with plain water. Then immediately use a stop bath. To effectively eliminate developer from the fixer as well as prevent acid from entering the fixer, thoroughly rinse the print again, after the stop and before fixing it. I use two changes of plain water.

Prevent acid from entering the fixer? Acid in the fixer is not necessarily bad, but does have the potential to damage the fixer. The fixing agent, sodium thiosulfate, may be broken down by acid to precipitate sulfur, which destroys the fixer. This result is prevented by the sodium sulfite, the second main component of conventional fixer. Thus, rinsing the print thoroughly after the stop bath gives us double protection at no extra cost and very little extra effort. Belt and suspenders, if you will. THE FIXER AND SELENIUM TONER There is a much more serious additional reason to prevent acid from entering the fixer: if it is carried over to the selenium toner following the fixer, stains are certain to result. When an acid fixer, or acid-hardening fixer, is used, the rinse step must follow the fixer. Usually there is an additional step, with an additional chemical. This chemical is one of a number of alkaline materials meant to neutralize any trace of acid before it reaches the toner. Commonly Kodalk is used (a rather expensive chemical) in a two per cent solution.

Sodium sulfite is more often used, again about two per cent. Either of these is harmless when carried over into the toner. And since the plain fixer under discussion here contains plenty of sodium sulfite, it fulfills this function without the need of a separate bath. Thus we are merely moving our rinse steps to an earlier position in the chain of steps, and eliminating one bath. FIXER F6 One of the most popular fixers is called F6. Kodak invented it many years ago. It was an advance over a previous fix they called F5, which had a powerful smell. Most people find this odor terrible, including me. It comes from sulfur dioxide gas liberated from the fixer. The major component of the fixer is a sulfur compound, sodium thiosulfate, which can release sulfur dioxide in the presence of acid. The acid had to be in F5 for the hardener to work, you see, so ... Enter F6, which replaced part of its acid with a substance coyly named Kodalk. That's Kodak Balanced Alkali to us.

In Toronto, in April, 1998, the Kodak version of this substance sells for about C$10.00 per pound. It is in reality sodium metaborate, a relative of Borax, the common laundry additive. Sodium metaborate also sells for far too much money, although less than when it bears Kodak's yellow label. My goal has been to make a cheap fixer, too, not just a sweet smelling one! Next we go to page 192 of Ansel Adams' famous book, "The Negative." He informs us that in fixer F6, "Kodalk or borax" may be used. Borax makes it a good deal cheaper. It is worth noting that the term Borax can refer to any of three substances: sodium tetraborate anhydrous, sodium tetraborate pentahydrate or sodium tetraborate decahydrate. If you ever go out to buy a bulk load of Borax, never buy Borax anhydrous. It is virtually impossible to dissolve in water.

You may find the pentahydrate at a good price, but it absorbs water from the air quite readily with attendant problems caused by caking. Storage of this material is a problem. The common laundry additive known far and wide as Borax is the decahydrate form, which dissolves easily and stores easily. It is also the form referred to in photographic formulas that use it, so there will never be any need to adjust the weight used. Buying it at the supermarket is perfectly adequate for darkroom purposes. When mixing F6, one can follow the action by its smell. The formula starts with sodium thiosulfate, which when dissolved yields a faint, nondescript odor. Next sodium sulfite is added, which seems not to change the smell much. Then F6 calls for acetic acid, which certainly livens things up. Keep your head well away from the area directly above the mixing container; the warm water will be sending a column of air up above, and once the acid gets there you will not be able to miss the effects of sulfur dioxide, which is the gas liberated from this solution when acid is included.

SULFUR DIOXIDE Sulfur dioxide: can I regale you with a tale of my snide grade twelve chemistry teacher (circa 1966), who was bored with his job and fed up with teenagers? I have mercifully forgotten his name ... quote ... "Sulfur dioxide is a gas that will dissolve in water. Once dissolved in water it forms sulfurous acid, which oxidizes readily to sulfuric acid. Human mucous membranes are wet. Wet means water. The mucous membranes in the respiratory system are well supplied with oxygen. Are there any questions as to the consequences of breathing sulfur dioxide?" F6 is odorless, yes it is, so something must happen next. Indeed: Kodalk or borax is added. Instant odor elimination. I've done it so I know it works. It is very effective. The resulting solution is no problem to have around. Next, the official F6 formula calls for hardener. No doubt many people still dutifully add hardener, but it is widely described as unnecessary. I have never used it. And it has the sad property of extending print washing times.

For papers in the past (can we call them older-technology papers?) hardener was essential. Times have changed. ALTERING F6: PLAIN FIX IS THE RESULT What happens if we eliminate these non-essentials? F6 is an odorless (it really is. I've used it a lot, so I know!) fixer that contains hardener, which I never put in. So the acid can go, too, because it was there for the hardener. If we carefully use a stop bath to terminate the development process, and carefully rinse away the acid stop before entering the fix step, can we simplify the fix itself?? Yes we can. The classic, "plain" fix is described by Adams as well. He calls it 'plain hypo' fixer, but his formula actually has two components: sodium thiosulfate and sodium sulfite. The sulfite is often described as an oxygen scavenger. It has a powerful tendency to react with oxygen; this prevents the oxygen from reacting with the thiosulfate, which would shorten the life of the fixer.

Thus, we can "modernize" the classic, olden times formula for fixer, sodium thiosulfate alone, by the addition of sodium sulfite to prevent it from oxidizing. This was probably considered modern a century ago. Its lifespan is equal to F6. Its capacity is equal, too. So now we have a cheap, effective fixer that has only two components (three if you count the water!) and no smell. We pay for its advantages by demanding of ourselves certain things before we enter the fixer step. We must use an acid stop bath, but this is no sacrifice. We should use one anyway. We must also rinse away the acid stop before the fixer step. This is a small sacrifice, too, and close to zero cost as well. PLAIN FIXER AND THE SINGLE-TRAY METHOD The single-tray method of print processing (described in another article on this website) lends itself to the processing style described here. It is very easy to rinse a print this way. The print need never be handled; there is no transfer of a wet sheet of paper from tray to tray.

Even the bottom surface of the print is easy to rinse after a few minutes spent learning to rock the tray so a 'wave' passes under the print. GENERAL USAGE OF PLAIN FIX AND MORE ABOUT SELENIUM TONER WITH PLAIN FIX The 'plain fixer' advocated here is easy to prepare. Both components dissolve extremely easily. Both are commonly available in anhydrous forms, which dissolve at 80F rather than the usual 125F recommended for the hydrate forms of these chemicals. In fact, this fixer is so easy to prepare it would be little trouble to mix it up immediately before each session. Its capacity is about 25 8x10 equivalents per liter, so many workers would exhaust it in one day's work. Thus, keeping track of usage, and storage, may cease to be factors for some darkroom workers. I find I am unable to exhaust this fix in one day's work. I tend to work slowly and contemplatively. I often have a session of serious work followed by a session of testing in preparation for the next serious session.

Therefore, I store my fix and re-use it once or twice for the less serious testing work (which is not going to be kept, for the most part.) Most black and white darkroom workers treat their prints with selenium toner. It has been established that selenium toner protects the image from attack by a number of airborne pollutants. One of the reasons we must prevent acid from the stop bath from getting into our plain fix is that acid carried over into the selenium toner can cause print stains. Many darkroom printers who use acid fixer treat the print with an alkaline bath before the selenium. Two per cent sodium sulfite, or one to two per cent sodium metaborate (Kodalk) are commonly used. By using the plain fix, this step can be eliminated. The plain fix is somewhat alkaline, by virtue of its sodium sulfite content. There is no need to rinse after the fix. The print can be treated with selenium toner directly from the fix with no rinse or other intermediate step. This compensates for some of the time spent rinsing before and after the stop bath. The fixer carried into the selenium toner is harmless.

In fact, Kodak Rapid Selenium Toner (KRST) contains ammonium thiosulfate, a fixing compound. In the past, fixer was said to cause stains if it was carried into the selenium toner. But it is actually the acid in the fixer that causes staining if it is carried into the selenium. The fixer itself is harmless. This is a major reason for removing the acid from our fixer. Naturally, a two-bath setup is recommended for fixing. I call them Fix1 and Fix2. The print is treated in Fix1 for 3 to 5 minutes, then treated in Fix2 for the same length of time. The lights can come on after the print has been in Fix1 for one to two minutes. Fix1 does most of the fixing; Fix2, always being relatively fresh compared to Fix1, is always capable of completing the job. As long as Fix1 is never permitted to be overworked, prints need never be exposed to high concentrations of fixer byproducts, which can cause stains to appear years later. In fact, some workers, when making special prints expected to be valued for many years to come, will mix fresh fix for each individual print.

Plain fix is cheap enough, and easy enough to mix, that such care may be taken when circumstances demand. Fix1 will exhaust after 25 8x10 equivalents per liter have been processed. At this point, or before, discard Fix1 and replace it with Fix2. Mix a new batch of fix and use it as Fix2. You can see that over the course of time this procedure will cause each 'new' Fix1 to become progressively more used as the old Fix2 moves up to become Fix1. Our first Fix1 was fresh, never used, but when Fix2 moved up to replace it, now our new Fix1 was partly used. This slightly used Fix1 makes the newly mixed Fix2 even more used than the one in the first cycle by the time it moves up to become Fix1.... So it is recommended to follow this practice only three times in a row, at which point both Fix1 and Fix2 are discarded and two new fixing baths mixed. MORE ABOUT DARKROOM ODOR CONTROL While we're on the subject of odor control in the darkroom, here's another nice touch: stop bath need not be acetic acid, which many people find irritating.

Acetic acid for stop bath can be replaced by citric acid, which is a fairly cheap and easily obtained white powder. In solution it is quite odorless. Use 15 to 20 grams citric acid per liter of stop bath. Citric acid is commonly sold in supermarkets or bakery supply outlets. Bags of 25 kilograms or so can be purchased at very low unit cost from large scale chemical suppliers. The bags will often be marked "Kosher," and may also be marked "FCC" (Food and Chemical Codex.) These terms mean the contents are approved for use in Kosher cooking. Kosher citric acid is more than pure enough for darkroom use! It is interesting to note that several darkroom chemicals are commonly used in food industries, and the designation "Kosher" is not that unusual. I have purchased Potassium Carbonate in a 50 pound bag marked Kosher. Acetic acid is a funny thing. Dilute it to the 1.3 to 2 per cent range, and it is photographic stop bath. People find it irritating to smell. But go to the supermarket and buy a container of 5 per cent acetic acid, and it's vinegar!

Canadians put it on their chips and get funny looks in restaurants when they travel in the United States. FORMULAS "plain fix" (Distilled water is recommended. Note that sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate may be used, but 240 grams will be required, and water temperature must be 125 degrees F.) water at 80 degrees F 750 ml 160 grams sodium sulfite anhydrous (use more sulfite if storage is anticipated, but note that 2 months is the maximum in any case.) 30 to 60 grams distilled water (cool) to make 1 liter USE: Undiluted. A working temperature close to 70 degrees F (20 - 21 C) is best. Higher temperature demands more care to protect the surface of the print. CAPACITY: 25 8x10 prints, or equivalent surface area of other prints, per liter. For film, 25 rolls of 35 mm (36 exposure) or 25 rolls of 120 format, or equivalent surface area of other film formats, per liter.

(Please note that certain types of present-day films exhaust fixer more rapidly. The Kodak "T" or tabular grain films, such as T-Max 100 and 400, are prime examples. These films require the full period of fixing, 10 minutes total, and the fixer should be considered exhausted after about half the number of rolls stated above.) LIFESPAN: 2 months in a closed, completely filled container, without use. Adding more sodium sulfite helps maximize storage life, but will not counteract the effects of use. MEASURING POWDER INGREDIENTS: the weights of the chemical ingredients of this fixer are not absolutely critical. It is not necessary to measure them out with a balance or scale each time fix is needed. A much simpler method is to measure them out once, and put them in a suitable container which can be marked to indicate the level or depth of chemical required for the weight needed. Or the number of tablespoons of the chemical required can be counted and recorded. Also, the quantity of dry chemicals needed for the amount of fixer working solution most often used should be determined and recorded.

I most often need three liters, so I have tripled the weights in the formula above, and marked plastic measuring containers with the depths of dry powders needed. F5 (Don't use this fix. It is included here for historical reference. It emits needlessly powerful smell.) water at 125 degrees F 750 ml Sodium Thiosulfate Supplements for Health Sodium Thiosulfate Supplements for Health Oct 26, 2016 Sodium thiosulfate, one of the critical medicines in the treatment of cyanide poisoning, is getting increasing respect as a powerful natural detoxing agent. It is also used in the restoration of rivers and streams that have been polluted with heavy metals, and it is in that respect that people are beginning to apply it to natural health care. Sodium thiosulfate is a colorless crystal of sodium, sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen. Both the EPA and FDA consider it a safe substance and permit its inclusion in foods such as table salt. It is often present at therapeutic bath spas or thermal spas Side effects from the use of sodium thiosulfate can include agitation and changes in both thoughts and vision. Nausea and tinnitus also possible.

Natural Cures: Sodium thiosulfate is said to be a powerful detoxing agent to remove mercury and other heavy metals from the body. It is also a topical anti-fungal such as can be used for ringworm. Wikipedia information on sodium thiosulfate: Ammonia Metabolism Posted by Paul (Canton, Georgia) on 02/19/2012 I just purchased ThioSulfate, I'm gonna use it to help rid ammonia out of the brain. I'll be taking Glutamine as well. Replied by Someone Who Cares Anywhere, Ks 09/08/2016 Sodium Thiosulsphate is not a "natural" substance. Furthermore, sodium thiosulfate chelates heavy metals as well as CALCIUM, especially if there is a low availability of heavy metals to bind with, and I would NOT recommend prolonged use without consulting a physician.

Furthermore, on AMMONIA: I personally use this as an aquarium dechlorinator, and when it binds to chlorine and breaks chloramine (NH2Cl, the stuff used in water treatment) bonds in tap water, it will cause a spike in ammonia concentration because it DOES NOT bind ammonia. Don't take my word for it, buy an ammonia test kit from your local pet store, pour some Sodium thiosulphate in some tap water, and test it for yourself. The FDA very loosely regulates supplements, so be weary of what you put in your body, because they can make almost any claim on a supplement bottle without legal recourse, even if it is a detriment to your health. × Timh One of the most popular, selfless, and beloved contributors on Earth Clinic, TimH has been posting on Earth Clinic since 2011. TimH has earned a BA degree w/ major studies in Psychology, Religion, and Philosophy at Western Kentucky University. Tim served as a Christian Missionary to the Athabascan Native American Indians in Anvik, Alaska. He also served as a substitute teacher in K-12 public school. Tim has also served as a Nurse in both public general and special personal patient care.

He has studied and used Natural & Alternative medicine extensively in his own battle against severe & chronic environmental illness. TimH is currently an unpublished, independent artist that hopes to soon regain significant health and publish a book of verse & aphorisms. If you would like to thank TimH for his help, please buy him a gift card that can be emailed to him from Amazon or Ebay. Links have been provided below. Please use his email address to have the gift cards sent to him electronically. Click here for the link to Amazon Electronic Gift Cards. eBAY Click here for Ebay digital gift cards. Close Ky 09/09/2016 Sodium Thiosulfate is not an otc dietary supplement, it is a non-hazardous industry or chemical grade mineral much like Epsom Salts (Magnesium Sulfate) and Borax (a salt form of Boron aka Sodium Tetra Borate). The safe dietary supplement, amino acids Aspartic Acid and Ornithine are also recommended to detox ammonia from the body.

You don't need to call your dr if you want to add these supplements to your diet, and if you ask dr about detoxing ammonia from your body, you will likely get an unusual reply and please post it here for educational purposes. For more (and the latest) information about the safety & regulation of dietary supplements from someone who both knows & cares go to: Posted by Baldev (Maharashtra, India) on 11/28/2015 162 posts Hi Bill, Hope every thing is normal with you now after that bad experience of rain you had. I read the article under the following link which talks about the Sodium thiosulphate Link: There is a lady of 93 yrs of age mother of my friend living in other city, suffering from, seems arthritis due to which she used to have severe pain and could not bend the hand fingers. I helped by giving the mix of Mag.Oil and DMSO. It has helped her a lot and she is very happy. But now she has informed me that there is no pain but she is not able to hold the spoon to eat her meals (though at the beginning she said she can hold the spoon).

What I feel is that she wants some more relief. I feel that there is quite a bit of calcification in the joints of the fingers and that is why it is difficult for her to hold the spoon with the fingers. In the above article, the author states that Sodium thiosulphate can eliminate the calcification, therefore my request to you is to give me your opinion as to how can I use Sodium thiosulphate to help her. Shall I mix this with the liquid I am already sending her if yes how much should I mix. My solution is 50% Mag.Oil( it is good concentration) + 50%, 80% DMSO , this has been working very well with many people. Other options are I can make separate solution of Sodium thiosulphate and DMSO which she can apply at different times and in that how much Sodium Thiosulphate. Why I am asking this is because I had read some where that you take two drops of 10% of sodium thiosulphate. Kindly give your advice. Thanks, Baldev Co-Author, pH Balanced for Life!

The Easiest Way to Alkalize Bill Thompson entered the Earth Clinic community years ago as one of the walking unwell but has emerged not only wholly well but furthermore as an expert in alternative therapies. In particular, Mr. Thompson has established an eager following for his advice on alkalizing techniques and the treatment of systemic candida—two areas of complementary healthcare he has studied extensively and in successful application to his own health. After a productive career as a software analyst and entrepreneur, Bill Thompson was able to enter into an early retirement in the Philippines, where he could launch into this second lifetime in alternative health. The analytical skills required by his first career and life-long interest in natural herbal therapies have made him the perfect counselor to weigh the evidence both for and against powerful natural remedies, and to present them cogently to a world of people eager for inexpensive, natural medicines. Mr. Thompson, now in his sixties, enjoys the company of his family and the successes of his two grown sons. You can read all of Bill's posts here . If you would like to thank Bill for his wonderful and informative posts by making a donation directly to Bill via Paypal, please click on the below link!

Close 1246 posts Hi Baldev...Good to hear from you again, I hope that you are well. 10% Sodium Thiosulfate can be applied directly to the hands to help remove the excess bone calcium because it is absorbed directly by the skin into the blood. You can apply this easily once or twice a day. It will take a while but it works well to get rid of the excess calcium. Use and apply the 10 % sodium thiosulfate directly on its own to the hands and affected areas. And you could, as you say, also add the sodium thiosulfate to the DMSO + Mag mix as well. Add about 3% sodium thiosulfate to your mix should be sufiicient or just add 6 to 10 drops of sodium thiosulfate to the DMSO + Mag mix(per tablespoon) for the hands when you apply it. Although the DMSO + Mag Oil are highly useful, you could also add borax to this mix (with no sodium thiosulfate). As it stands, your current treatment will certainly help arthritic problems in general but you can make this applied dermal treatment even stronger by adding some borax to it.

As Ted from Bangkok has mentioned so often, calcium build up and arthritic problems are directly related to infections from mycoplasma and mycobacterium. The mycoplasma eats and destroys cartilage and the mycobacteria live in self-built calcium shells. So right there you have the root cause of both bone calcium build-up and wasting cartilage. Both mycobacteria and mycoplasma are bacteria that have distinct fungal behaviour. And borax is the ultimate fungal killer. Putting these two cogent facts to good use means that if you also add borax to your DMSO + Mag Oil mix then this means that you will eliminate the actual root cause of these arthritic and bone build-up problems. I would also recommend that anyone with mycoplasma, mycobacteria, fungal or mold problems should also be supplementing Ted's Borax Water remedy every day. The borax remedy for women is 1/8 tspn(1/4 tspn for men) borax + 1 liter of water. You can also add a capful of 3% hydrogen peroxide to this borax water to make it even more powerful( hydrogen peroxide also kills mycoplasma and mycobacteria).

Drink the 1 liter of borax water slowly throughout the day and take two days off this remedy at the weekends. The dermal mix that I would use for application to the hands would be: 50% DMSO(70% solution) 45% Magesium Chloride(50% solution) 5% Borax Drink 1 liter(or as much as you can) of borax water per day and take two days off this remedy at the weekends. The best way to use the Mag oil + DMSO + Borax and the DMSO + Mag Oil + sodium thiosulfate remedies would be to use them on alternate days for best and quickest effect. The Mag oil + DMSO + Borax addresses and remedies the core reason for the problem and the DMSO + Mag Oil + Sodium Thiosulfate will help to reduce the calcium build up quickly. Other remedies that also work well are the following, which are also applied to the skin on a daily basis -- these are also from Ted -- are DMSO + Aloe vera oil + lugols iodine. Castor oil works well too when you rub it on the hands.

Turpentine(or pine essential oil), lavender oil and orange oil are also effective as dermal rubs for arthritic problems. Use 3 - 4 drops of these oils in a tablespoon of coconut oil and apply like that. These oils will be absorbed and will act to kill the infection from the inside thereby also helping to get rid of the root problem. It might also be advisable for people with these arthritic problems to supplement Chanca piedra(called bhoomy amalaki or amla in Ayurvedic medicine) in tea or capsule form on a daily basis. CP is very efficient and safe for removing excess calcium from the blood. Some more detailed information for you here . Also please bear in mind that you should not mix sodium thiosulfate or borax or iodine together because they will react and become useless. Arizona 12/04/2015 Ok, after being told I have calcification on some thyroid nodules I found an article by Dr. Sircus about magnesium and sodium thiosulfate. I have scoured the Internet and found one product in granules on Amazon. I have also scoured this website and there is no clear instruction on how to use this product!

How many teaspoons of this stuff do I take? what do I mix it with to consume it? If I decide to use it as a salve how do I use the granules? I refuse for my thyroid to be removed and do not like conventional doctors. My hair analysis shows my calcium is high and magnesium is a little lower hence the calcium is in my soft tissue not my bones and therefore in my nodule. Sodium and potassium show low. I am in deep detox after removing silicone breast implants and getting suddenly I'll from them this past July. My body obviously stored metals while these immune disrupters were in and now that they are out WOW my body is detoxing and it's hitting me hard and hitting my heart, thyroid, joints even my gums in my mouth. I'm doing all the things I need to keep pathways open. My question is how do I know how much of this stuff to take if it's in powder form and if I find it in liquid how much to take? My goal is to break down thyroid calcification due to hashimotos. No I do not take iodine however I'm embarking on trying this. Thank you.

× Timh One of the most popular, selfless, and beloved contributors on Earth Clinic, TimH has been posting on Earth Clinic since 2011. TimH has earned a BA degree w/ major studies in Psychology, Religion, and Philosophy at Western Kentucky University. Tim served as a Christian Missionary to the Athabascan Native American Indians in Anvik, Alaska. He also served as a substitute teacher in K-12 public school. Tim has also served as a Nurse in both public general and special personal patient care. He has studied and used Natural & Alternative medicine extensively in his own battle against severe & chronic environmental illness. TimH is currently an unpublished, independent artist that hopes to soon regain significant health and publish a book of verse & aphorisms. If you would like to thank TimH for his help, please buy him a gift card that can be emailed to him from Amazon or Ebay. Links have been provided below. Please use his email address to have the gift cards sent to him electronically. Click here for the link to Amazon Electronic Gift Cards. eBAY Click here for Ebay digital gift cards.

Close Ky 12/04/2015 G: I have been detoxing a large amount of inorganic Manganese and other metals for some time. I have taken the S.T. oral but not enough for the job so started 1/4 cup in hot bath for 1 hr. I am now down to a pinch (proly 10-15 grains) in hot bath for first 20min then add Magnesium Sulfate aka Epsom Salts (among other minerals including Borax) for the remainder of the bath and am making progress. Don't forget to take Vit-D & K to get those minerals in the bones. Chanca Piedra is very good for removing excess Calcium. Do you use much dairy foods? If yes, you need a radiation detox for the bones. Take the herb Sarsaparilla and the mineral Strontium Citrate for this. Turmeric and Pineapple will reduce the inflammatory condition. A Parasite Cleanse may be needed for the intestines, actually looks very needed in your case; you seem to have absorption issues. Glutamine, DGL, and Allantoin will heel the guts if all the infection is first removed.

Arizona 12/05/2015 Thank you so much for your response. I do not drink a lot of milk, have calmed down on the cheese and greek yogurt but eat a lot of greens which can also be calcium building. My gut issues are good but up and down as I go though different stages of detox. Since removing breast implants in july of this year my body is releasing stored metals and toxins. Even my thyroid is starting to work on its own making it unnecessary for me to take thyroid meds. Thanks again for your response. TED FROM BANGOK, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR On June 29, 2015, Earth Clinic's genius contributor suffered a debilitating stroke in Bangkok, Thailand. Learn more about his condition at ABOUT TED Since 2003, Parhatsathid Napatalung (aka Ted from Bangkok, Thailand) has been one of the preeminent expert voices on integrative medical therapies for the EarthClinic.com website, as that site has grown from random blog entry to one of the world's top sites on alternative medicine. The eager and sustained interest Mr.

Napatalung draws to his continuing research into alternative and complementary therapies for everything from mange in dogs to suppressing the growth of brain tumors has played a central role in the website's success, but that is nothing to the number of grateful readers who commend his as the one voice that was able to save them from debilitating illness when the rest of the medical profession had failed or given up. With justifiable fondness and esteem, we have come to know Mr. Napatalung more simply as "Ted" from Bangkok. Ted was born in Bangkok, Thailand and has since returned to that historic metropolis but spent the formative years of his life (1965-1981) in the US, studying in its schools and universities. He is an autodidact in the areas of biochemistry, allopathic medicine, laboratory science, and integrative medicine as the outgrowth of a very personal interest in life-saving treatments standard medicine has ignored or missed out on entirely. Close (Bangkok, Thailand) on 09/16/2007 386 posts Sodium thiosulfate is a common dechlorinator used to remove chlorine from drinking water.

It is also a well known antidote for cyanide poisoning where the sodium thiosulfate reacts with cyanide to form sodium thiocyanate. Some people who take too much apricot pits (cancer treatment) have a weak form of cyanide poisoning and found it helpful to add the sodium thiosulfate drops to reduced its side effect when they used the apricot pits, which is high in vitamin B17 or sometimes take apple seeds also somewhat high B17 to treat themselves of cancer or other immunity problems. They have reported to me that the side effects were reduced from taking too much apricot pits, and caused them to be to nauseated, but when sodium thiosulfate drops are taken, no nausea effects from too much apricot pits is seen. Apparently the extra cyanide, if it were to exist in excess, reacted with sodium thiosulfate to form sodium thiocyanate, where the body can get rid of them quickly, but I also suspect that the sodium thiocyanate may have some antiviral, anti-cancer properties, perhaps only a tiny amount from eating apricot pits and the thiosulfate reduced effect, but its reacted components may have the same properties nonetheless.

I would therefore imagine that the thiocyanate is less toxic than the apricot pits but also reduces the side effects by allowing the body to rid of them easier. For me I used sodium thiosulfate to get rid of certain heavy metals, and accumulation of oxidative chemicals in the liver, as the sodium thiosulfate is a good reducing agent (reduces free radicals), but it is also a laxative in some respects, at least only initially in detoxification. Most people are not aware that sodium thiosulfate is a common dechlorinator used in fish tanks, drinking water and swimming pool water, and sometimes a low amount of can be found in natural hot springs water, but they do have trace sodium sulfide too, which is why it can used to treat skin problems and some to bathe in it to relieved them of skin problems, rheumatism, although indirectly. In other cases I used s.t. to help with sleep, as the reducing agent, especially the thiosulfate form of reducing agents helps with the sleep.

A thiosulfate form can form a weak sulfide compound which is also a component that works synergistically with the body's available nitrites to help to small extent anyway in controlling blood pressure or extend its effect for some people who take nitroglycerine tablets to treat both heart problems and high blood pressure. The effect is seen to last longer. In my personal observation a bicarbonate formula, in alkaline form mixed with a very tiny amount of sodium nitrites works the same way based on my experiment as both the nitrogylcerine and the sodium nitrite degrades to nitric oxide in presence of organic acids. Interestingly, if the body were already suffering the acidosis conditions from lack of bicarbonates, the nitric oxide, which is the major component in controlling the body's blood pressure, does not degrade, and is more effective in killing of microbes, where its waste product, and the microbe itself are rich in organic acid. The sodium nitrite, produced by the body's own glial cells located in the brain, would degrade to nitric oxide, burning the acid forming bacteria, viruses and other microbes, much like burning them alive.

The sodium thiosulfate is also used as a photographic fixer, known as "Hypo" to prevent the chemicals of photgraphs from further getting dark and fix the pictures, much like a preservative, from preventing the pictures to be developed from further chemical oxidation. I have also used it in the past to help sleep as well as to help concentration in event of ADHD, children's hyperactivity, and temper tantrums, and have worked remarkably well especially when a child of hyperactivity, is used to treat glutamine (amino acid) to help detoxify ammonia, and helped with brain development, is used in combination with sodium thiosulfate to reduced the resultant temporary hyperactivity that resulted from glutamine use. When those are used in combination, I have noted to cause a child to improve in leaps and bounds, which can be used for ADHD, hyperactivity, autism, and even emotional disturbances. For me, I also used s.t. as an anti-depressant and anxiety problems as well.

At least for me anyway, the sodium thiosulfate has wide use, because of its unique properties as a reductant agent, it reduces free radicals, and reduces the liver accumulating actions of oxidative chemicals, where it is most dramatic as a treatment for cyanide poisoning. Still its everyday use is seen in fish aquariums and a dechlorinator for both drinking water and in use of swimming pools. In my opinion, people who used public bath cause their body to accumulate excess chlorine, the people who sells chlorine knows how much a human body uptake chlorine, which is quite a bit, but also does damages to the body. As a result, some people, like me for example, might after exposure to too much chlorinated water, will use the sodium thiosulfate solution to rinse by body of excess chlorine and perhaps some drops of sodium thiosulfate taken internally. Chickens and livestocks cannot use chlorinated water to chickens and pigs, as chlorinated water causes stunting of growth in pigs and chickens. At least in the case of chickens drinking water chlorinated in the farm, the biopsy of chicken were shown to have heart disease, and perhaps this line of chlorinated water used can be extended to human use as well.

Of course human water, with chlorine and fluorine uses, is quite toxic to animals, and it is part of the many reasons why humans get sick. I imagine that the sodium thiosulfate to have much more wider use in the distant future and I have only begin to touch only just a small part of this, and not just its ability to remove heavy metals, chlorine, toxic compounds, excess cyanide, its anti-anxiety, anti-depressant effect, promotes sleep, is a laxative, used as a skin problems such as eczmea, and many other applications, I simply can't remember. There was one case of a child who reportedly got fat from swimming in a chlorinated water too long (for about a month) as the oxidative effect of chlorine tend to do that, and well at least help reduce those effect and at the very least, reduce being bloated, as the sodium thiosulfate would react with the excess blood chlorine to form a simple trace amounts of saline solution in very minute amounts instead of a more toxic chlorine. The sodium thiosulfate is also used as a common remedy to reduce the side effects which causes deafness in some people from chemotherapy.

But in my opinion, the free radicals also generated during x ray therapies, such as CAT scans can reduced such side effects just the same. I had a friend of mine who got a terrible headaches after getting her teeth x-rayed and took both vitamin C and sodium thiosulfate. Those two things stopped the headaches (and hopefully the radiation damages to her brain) the same day. It's probably the antioxidant effects from both the vitamin C and the sodium thiosulfate. All this information I am telling is really old information (about 30+ years ago) as I found this out while doing experiments in U.S. high school. Nevertheless, with the trend in dumbing down of U.S. schools, I doubt any high school student today who studied chemistry would be aware of this as they are just too busy cramming for exams instead of doing experiments and make small discoveries for themselves. It was about the same time I think that Bill Gates was also playing computer programming at his own high school, which might be a monopoly program simulation, before becoming the world's largest software house. Posted by Joe (Wpb, Florida) on 06/02/2010 Bill, below is data from Ted.

...The drinking water will therefore constantly reduce the toxins but there is another kind of toxins that H2O2 might not be able to neutralized and it can be switched over once a month or twice a month, only one or two day with the sodium thiosulfate drops. Which is 10% sodium thiosulfate, 10 drops per liter of water. It tends to neutralize other types of toxins. Initial taking of this may have a laxative effect, more like detoxification, thereafter no more problems. I located a sodium thiosulfate bottle for aquarium usage. Is this always in a 10% solution or do I have to dilute it more to get there? The company does not tell specifics with %. Thank You for any help : Joe Sodium Thiosulfate Concentration Posted by Glenda (San Francisco) on 03/14/2014 Normal drinking water is chlorinated at 4 ppm, sodium thiosulfate will dechlorinate the water, for a commercial aquarium product at 2 drops of the product for 1 gallon of water with 4 ppm of chlorine ( same as city drinking water).

On the web, a sodium thiosulfate calculator was found that indicated that 53 mg of sodium thiosulfate per gallon of water with 4 ppm of chlorine, the chlorine will be deactivate. go here Now.. maybe Ted can answer this, if 2 drops will dechlorinate at 4ppm for 1 gallon of water, then 1 ml contains 650 mg of sodium thiosulfate or a concentratrion of 65%. Is that correct, 65 % concentration to get 2 drops to dechlorinate 1 gallon??? Or is there other agents added to the product which synergestically work to dechlorinate, with a lower concentration of sodium thiosulfate? Posted by Happy (Up The Creek In, Wv, Usa) on 05/13/2013 Better But With Side Effects Thiosulfate report: Be careful when using thiosulfate as a toxin remover, chelator: The thiosulfate may also remove too much critical nutrients, like copper, calcium, iron, magnesium; if used without a plan. I used a fish aquarium water cleaner that I bot in a pet shop; with a odd brand name.

The specifed use of it was to clean the tap water of chlorine, it contained sodium thiosulfate plus EDTA as a liquid solution. I found the ingredient list on the distributors website msds sheet. They were not listed on the bottle label. 30% sodium thio-sulfate and 10% EDTA. My purpose was to try and chelate insecticides, pesticides, arsenic, and heavy metals from my tissues. I and a 2nd person took 2 drops, in water, twice per day, 6 days per week, for 4 weeks. [ 2 drops X 2 t/d X 6 d/wk X 4 weeks] By the end of week 3 I was having muscle spasms in lower legs, in mornings, while in bed. The 2nd person also experienced some muscle spasms. This indicates a deficiency symptom of calcium, or magnesium, or maybe iron...... This occurred until we stopped the mineral chelator. By week 3 I began to experience chronic lower back soreness and pains, while doing no physical labor.

The lower back area seemed to be loosing calcium at the vertebraes and the lower back seemed to be degenerating, for no aparent reason. As if I was experiencing a calcium deficiency in the vertebrae bones..... Until I stopped the mineral chelator. By the end of week 3, the 2nd person was showing signs of a copper deficiency, despite supplementing with copper. This showed up as sub-dermal heamatomas, or capillary fragility, and bleeding under the skin after a mild bump or a scrape. She had previously been cured of this sub-dermal heamatoma symptom by supplementing with 2 mg of copper, per day. She was still supplementing with copper, but the capillary fragility was coming back... Until she stopped the mineral chelator. After 4 weeks we stopped the experiment, and within 2 days our symptoms began to reverse themselves. It is now day 3, and we are better still. The symptoms are now 75% improved, after only 3 days. Leg cramps gone, sub-dermal heamatomas gone. Lower back soreness is 60% better.

This experiment proves to me that the sodium thio-sulfate [plus the EDTA in the formula] is a powerful chelator of metals, and therefore is potentially capable of chelating heavy metal, etc. but You must restrict it's use to short periods of time; maybe 1 week per month for general chelating. And supplement heavily of nutritional minerals while on it. In the future, I would only intake it One time per day, at bedtime, away from food. In a cycle of One week on, 3 weeks off. It would be good to keep in the house for emergency use for accidental poisonings, or suspected poisonings. Perhaps taking it for 3 days after the suspected poisoning occurred, as insurance. I hope this information helps someone else. Sodium Thiosulphate: Business, Office & Industrial | eBay Business, Office & Industrial To dechlorinate tap water for aquariums or treat effluent from waste water treatments prior to release into rivers. The reduction reaction is analogous to the iodine reduction reaction. Treatment of t... Condition: | 425 sold To dechlorinate tap water for aquariums or treat effluent from waste water treatments prior to release into rivers.

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Question: How is the chemical sodium thiosuiphate, used as a fixer in photography, better known?
Answer: Hypo