Greenland - Country Profile - Nations Online Project Info ___ Greenland Northern lights in Greenland. Northern lights or Aurora Borealis, a phenomen that appeares around the Earth's magnetic pole. Auroras are produced when the solar wind hits the magnetosphere, the resulting ionization emits light of varying color and complexity. - Image: Mads Pihl Location map of Greenland A virtual guide to Greenland. Greenland is not a continent but the world's largest island. Its surface is about 80% ice-capped. Kalaallit Nunaat, the Inuit name for the island, is not an independent state but a self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979. Greenland shares maritime borders with Canada , Iceland , and Norway . Just about 56,100 (in 2016) people live on an area of 2,166,086 km², this makes Greenland the least populated place on Earth. The 12th largest country in the world is almost four times the size of France , or slightly more than three times the size of the U.S. state of Texas .

Kalaallit Nunaat | Article about Kalaallit Nunaat by The Free Dictionary Kalaallit Nunaat | Article about Kalaallit Nunaat by The Free Dictionary Related to Kalaallit Nunaat: Godthab , Groenland Greenland, Green. Kalaallit Nunaat, Dan. Grønland, the largest island in the world (2005 est. pop. 56,000), 836,109 sq mi (2,166,086 sq km), self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark, lying largely within the Arctic Circle. It is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north; the Greenland Sea in the east; the Denmark Strait in the southeast, which separates it from Iceland; the Atlantic Ocean in the south; and Davis Strait and Baffin Bay in the west, which separate it from Baffin Island, Canada. The capital is Nuuk Nuuk , formerly Godthåb , town (1996 pop. 12,882), Nuuk dist., W Greenland, on the Godthåbfjord.

The largest town and capital of Greenland, it is the seat of the national council and of the supreme court, and it has foreign consulates. ..... Click the link for more information. (formerly Godthåb). Land and People Greenland is 1,659 mi (2,670 km) long from Cape Farewell (lat. 59°46'N) to Cape Morris Jesup (lat. 82°39'N) and has a maximum width of about 800 mi (1,290 km). Geologically, the island is part of the Canadian Shield Canadian Shield or Laurentian Plateau , U-shaped region of ancient rock, the nucleus of North America, stretching N from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean. Covering more than half of Canada, it also includes most of Greenland and extends into the United States as the ..... Click the link for more information. and, therefore, of North America; more than 50% of its ice-free area consists of rocks of the Precambrian, mostly granites and gneisses. Mountain chains parallel Greenland's east and west coasts; Mt.

Gunnbjørn (12,139 ft/3,700 m) and Mt. Forel (11,024 ft/3,360 m), both in SE Greenland, are the highest peaks. The entire coastline of Greenland is deeply indented by fjords. There are many offshore islands, of which Disko Disko , island, 3,312 sq mi (8,578 sq km), in the Davis Strait off W Greenland. It is mountainous (rising to 6,296 ft/1,919 m) and partly glaciated. Telluric iron and lignite have been found there. Qeqertarsuaq, the island's chief town, is on the southern shore. ..... Click the link for more information. , in W Greenland, is the largest. Except for about 158,430 sq mi (410,450 sq km) of coastland and coastal islands, an ice sheet and numerous minor ice caps and glaciers cover the island. The extreme northern peninsula ( Peary Land Peary Land, peninsula, N Greenland, extending into the Arctic Ocean.

It terminates in Cape Bridgman in the northeast and Cape Morris Jesup in the north, the most northerly point of land yet discovered. The area is mountainous (rising to c. ..... Click the link for more information. ) has no ice sheet but does have local ice caps. The thickness of the ice sheet reaches c.14,000 ft (4,300 m) in some places. Two drilling operations on the highest part of the ice sheet ("Summit" in N Greenland) in 1992 and 1993 both reached bottom, with the deepest core measuring 10,016 ft (3,053 m) from surface to bottom. Studies of the compositiom of the ice cores have permitted new insights into the climatic history of the last 200,000–300,000 years. The ice moves outward from the center, entering the sea in walls or debouching in glaciers, of which Humboldt Glacier is the largest and Jakobshavn Glacier the most calf-ice productive. These rapidly moving glaciers calve tremendous icebergs, notably into the Davis Strait, through which they frequently reach Atlantic shipping lanes.

Surveys conducted from 1993 to 1998 showed the ice sheet in southern Greenland to be shrinking by about 2 cu mi (8 cu km) each year, but ice cores collected in the area suggested that such changes may be similar to those that occurred in the past. From 1996 to 2004, however, the amount of ice melting each year in Greenland increased by 2 1/2 times, and melting and iceberg calving reduced Greenland's ice by increasing annual amounts in subsequent years, leading to concerns that the sea level could rise significantly during the 21st century. The loss of ice has led also to a corresponding increase in elevation in Greenland's coastal areas since the mid-1990s. Studies of satellite radar images of the ice sheet have also revealed (2013) hidden beneath it an enormous canyon, some 500 mi (800 km) long and up to .5 mi (800 m) deep, that stretches from central Greenland to its northern coast; the canyon was carved by a river more than 4 million years ago. Cold winds rush out from Greenland's interior, making the weather uncertain and foggy.

A polar ocean current flows south along the entire east coast and around Cape Farewell, carrying immense ice floes that make the sea approach to E Greenland hazardous. The North Atlantic Drift North Atlantic Drift, warm ocean current in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is a continuation of the Gulf Stream, the merging point being at lat. 40°N and long. 60°W. ..... Click the link for more information. gives the southwest coast of Greenland a warmer climate and heavy rainfall. There are no forests in Greenland; dwarf trees are found in the southern coastal areas. Natural vegetation also includes mosses, lichens, grasses, and sedges. The polar bear, musk ox, polar wolf, lemming, Arctic hare, and reindeer are the chief land animals. In addition to the capital, other important settlements are Sisimiut Sisimiut , formerly Holsteinsborg , town (1996 pop. 5,117), Sisimiut dist., W Greenland. The second largest town in Greenland, it is a fishing center with a modern canning factory and several shipyards. ..... Click the link for more information.

(Holsteinsborg), Aasiaat Aasiaat , formerly Egedesminde , town (1996 pop. 3,039), Aasiaat dist., W Greenland, at the mouth of Disko Bay. It is the fourth largest town in Greenland. It was founded in 1759 and named for Hans Egede, a Norwegian missionary. A large shrimp-canning factory is there. ..... Click the link for more information. (Egedesminde), Qaqortoq Qaqortoq , formerly Julianehåb , town (1996 pop. 3,176), Qaqortoq dist., SW Greenland. It is a fishing port with canneries. Sheep raising, meatpacking, and sealing are other significant industries. ..... Click the link for more information. (Julianehåb), Maniitsoq Maniitsoq , formerly Sukkertoppen , town (1996 pop. 3,000), Maniitsoq dist., W Greenland. The town is a fishing center with modern canneries. ..... Click the link for more information.

(Sukkertoppen), and Ilulissat (Jakobshavn). More than 90% of the island's population live along the west coast. About 88% of the people are Inuits or Greenland-born Caucasians; the balance are mainly Danish. The major religion is Evangelical Lutheran. Inuit dialects (Greenlandic), Danish, and English are spoken; Greenlandic and Danish are the official languages. Economy Fishing (shrimp, halibut, salmon, and cod) is the main industry, and dozens of processing plants have been constructed in the south and southwest. Some of the world's largest shrimp beds are in Disko Bay. In the north and east seals, foxes, and polar bears are hunted. Seabirds are hunted for their flesh, eggs, and down. Reindeer are herded and there is extensive sheep breeding in the southern area. Gold, niobium, tantalite, uranium, iron, and diamonds are mined. Deposits of cryolite, zinc, and lead, which were important to Greenland's mining industry, have been largely worked out. Copper, coal, oil, and molybdenum deposits also exist but are difficult to extract.

The country is gradually shifting its electricity production from fossil fuel to hydropower. Greenland has gradually modernized its economy but still depends heavily on its fishing industry, and fish products are its largest export. The country must import most machinery and transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, and petroleum products. Tourism is being developed. Significant financial support from Denmark, however, remains essential. Greenland has benefited from greatly improved air transportation and telecommunications in recent years. Government A Danish colony until 1953, Greenland then became a county; it attained home rule in 1979 and began full self-government in 1981. Greenland has a 31-member unicameral parliament (Landsting) and a premier and sends two representatives to the Danish Folketing. It is divided into 18 municipalities. The nominal head of state is the Danish monarch, represented by a high commissioner. History The earliest Palaeo-Eskimo cultures had already arrived in Greenland from Canada by c.2,500 B.C. The Thule Eskimo culture first arrived in N Greenland c.A.D. 900 and in the following 1,000 years spread to both W and E Greenland.

From Iceland, Greenland was discovered and S Greenland colonized (c.985) by Eric the Red Eric the Red, fl. 10th cent., Norse chieftain, discoverer and colonizer of Greenland. He left (c.950) Norway with his exiled father and settled in Iceland. A feud resulting in manslaughter led to his banishment (c.981) from Iceland for three years. He sailed c. ..... Click the link for more information. , a Norseman, who named it Greenland in order to make it seem attractive to potential settlers. It was in sailing to Greenland (c.1000) that Leif Ericsson Leif Ericsson , Old Norse Leifr Eiriksson, fl. A.D. 999–1000, Norse discoverer of America, b. probably in Iceland; son of Eric the Red. He spent his youth in Greenland and in 999 visited Norway, where he was converted to Christianity and commissioned by King Olaf I ..... Click the link for more information. , the son of Eric the Red, probably reached North America.

Greenland became a bishopric c.1110, and ruins of churches of that period remain. By the 12th cent. the population numbered some 10,000. Greenland became self-governing, with its own Althing, but failed to achieve political stability. In 1261 the colony came under Norwegian rule, but in the 14th and 15th cent. it was neglected, and the colonists either died out or assimilated with the Eskimos. The British explorers Martin Frobisher Frobisher, Sir Martin , 1535?–1594, English mariner. He went to sea as a boy, and spent much of his youth in the African trade. He later gained the friendship of Sir Humphrey Gilbert, through whom he became interested in the Northwest Passage. ..... Click the link for more information. and John Davis Davis or Davys, John, 1550?–1605, English navigator. He made his first voyage in search of the Northwest Passage in 1585, continuing the work of Martin Frobisher. ..... Click the link for more information.

rediscovered Greenland in the 16th cent. but found no trace of Norsemen. Other explorers looking for the Northwest Passage Northwest Passage, water routes through the Arctic Archipelago, N Canada, and along the northern coast of Alaska between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Even though the explorers of the 16th cent. ..... Click the link for more information. subsequently charted much of the coast. Modern colonization was begun (1721) by the Norwegian missionary Hans Egede Egede, Hans , 1686–1758, Norwegian Lutheran missionary, called the Apostle of Greenland. He went to Greenland in 1721 and, with the support of the Danish government, founded a mission for the Eskimo. He also helped to initiate trade between Denmark and Greenland. ..... Click the link for more information. . Danish trading posts were established shortly afterward, and colonization was furthered by deporting undesirable subjects to Greenland. Soon, the native Greenlanders began to suffer from European diseases; tuberculosis remained a problem into the 1960s.

In 1814, with the Treaty of Kiel, Denmark retained Greenland and other Atlantic possessions when Norway was ceded to Sweden, which, for strategic reasons, was interested in control of the Scandinavian peninsula but not in overseas commitments of the outlying Norwegian possessions. In the 19th and 20th cent., Greenland was explored and mapped by numerous arctic explorers. In World War II, after the German occupation (1940) of Denmark, the United States invoked the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine, principle of American foreign policy enunciated in President James Monroe's message to Congress, Dec. 2, 1823. It initially called for an end to European intervention in the Americas, but it was later extended to justify U.S. ..... Click the link for more information. for Greenland and reached an agreement (1941) with the Danish minister at Washington that permitted the establishment of U.S. military bases and meteorological stations. A Danish-American agreement for the common defense of Greenland was signed in 1951, and U.S. bases were retained, notably at Thule Thule or Qaanaaq , town (1995 pop.

627), N Greenland, on the north side of Inglefield Gulf. The name of Thule was originally attached to the main settlement for the Thule Eskimos, founded in 1910 by the arctic explorer Knud Rasmussen as a trading post on the south side ..... Click the link for more information. . Thule is now the sole remaining U.S. military base in Greenland. Greenland joined the European Community (now the European Union [EU]) with Denmark in 1972 but withdrew in 1985 after a controversy over stringent fishing quotas. Since then, relations with the EU have been based on special agreements. Jonathan Motzfeldt, of Forward (Siumut) became premier of Greenland when home rule was established in 1979. In 1991, Lars-Emil Johansen, also of Forward, succeeded him; in 1995 he remained in power as head of a coalition that favored increased autonomy from Denmark and greater internal economic development. Johansen retired in 1997 and was replaced by Motzfeldt, who retained office after the 1999 elections.

Following elections in 2002, Motzfeldt was replaced as premier by fellow party member Hans Enoksen. A political scandal involving misuse of funds forced an election in Nov., 2005; Enoksen remained prime minister of an expanded coalition. In 2008, Greenlanders approved a plan for increased autonomy, including increased control over natural resources; the changes, which were also supported by the Danish government, took effect in June, 2009. Elections that month resulted in a victory for the left-wing Community of the People party (Inuit Ataqatigiit; IA); party leader Kuupik Kleist became prime minister of a coalition government. The 2013 elections resulted in a plurality for Forward, which formed a coalition with two smaller parties; Aleqa Hammond became Greenland's first woman premier. In Oct., 2014, a new scandal over the misuse of government funds led to early elections; Hammond resigned as Forward's leader. Forward won a narrow plurality and formed a coalition government, with Kim Kielsen as premier. Bibliography See V. Stefansson, Greenland (1942); G.

Jones, The Norse Atlantic Saga (1964); F. Gad, The History of Greenland From Earliest Times to 1700 (3 vol., 1971–83); E. Erngaard, Greenland Then and Now (1972); J. Malaurie, The Last Kings of Thule (1985); E. U. Lepthien, Greenland (1989). Greenland (Grønland), an island in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans to the northeast of North America; the largest island in the world. Part of Danish territory. Area. 2,176,000 sq km. Population. 47,000 (1970). Natural features, GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND MINERALS . Greenland is situated almost entirely in the northeastern part of the Canadian shield; zones of Caledonian folding are developed only in the east and north. The rocks constituting the shield are gneisses, quartzites, marbles, and granites of Ar-chean and early Proterozoic origin that are covered, with unconformity, by volcanogenic sedimentary layers of the Middle Proterozoic era.

The eastern zone of the caledonides is separated from the shield by a deep fault. The areas of the Caledonian geosyncline are filled with terrigenous and carbonaceous strata of the late Proterozoic era and carbonaceous rocks of the Cambrian and Ordovician periods, which were compressed into folds during the Silurian. Continental rocks accumulated in the intermountain areas during the Devonian. There was platform development at the end of the Paleozoic era and sandy-argillaceous rocks were deposited during the Mesozoic. Greenland was uplifted during the Cenozoic era, creating fractures with which the effusion of basalts is associated. Useful minerals date from the Archean and early Proterozoic eras (cryolite in the south of Greenland, graphite and marble in the west). Deposits of lignite are associated with the Mesozoic. Deposits of lead, zinc, and uranium ores have been discovered in the eastern zone of the caledonides. K. A.

K Kalaallit Nunaat - Country of the Greenlanders - Ahead of The Herd Kalaallit Nunaat - Country of the Greenlanders Richard (Rick) Mills Ahead of the Herd As a general rule, the most successful man in life is the man who has the best information Greenland, the largest island in the world - Australia is considered a continent - and the only territory ever to leave the European Union (Greenland joined the European Community, now the EU, with Denmark in 1973. Greenland dropped its EU membership over tightened fishing quotas in 1985) is located in the North Atlantic Ocean adjacent to the Canadian arctic archipelago. Its maximum length is 2,655 kilometers (km), maximum distance from east to west is 1,290 km and the length of its coast, which is deeply indented with fiords, is estimated at 5,800 km. About 84 per cent of Greenland is ice cap that can be up to 3kms thick.

Approximately one-twentieth of the world's ice and one-quarter of the earth's surface ice is found in Greenland – the ice-free zone around the ice cap is up to 300 kms wide and covers an area of 410,000 km² (area of Germany is 357,000 km). Eric the Red discovered Greenland in the 10th century, or as the Inuits called the country back then, Inuit Nunaat - country of human beings. Today the Inuits call Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat - Country of the Greenlanders. The population of Greenland is 56,648 with 14,719 inhabitants living in the capital Nuuk (formerly Godthab). The majority of Greenland’s population live in towns along the fjords in the southwest of the country where the climate is relatively mild. The second largest city is Sisimiut, followed by Ilulissat and Qaqortoq. While geologically part of North America, Greenland is, historically and economically, closely tied to Europe. It’s a bilingual country, Greenlandic is the main language and Danish is the other with English also widely spoken.

Greenland has had “Self Rule” since June 21, 2009 (including control over minerals and petroleum) - which means that the country has assumed making the political decisions that previously come from Denmark. The only way to travel directly to Greenland is by air to one of the main gateways: Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strønfjord) in the West or Narsarsuaq in the South, both former American air bases. There are no roads between the towns on the coast so people travel by airplanes, helicopters or by boat – Air Greenland, with ten planes and 600 employees, has just announced regular flights, starting this summer, between Nuuk and Iqaluit. Travel by sea is possible throughout the year from Nanortalik, in the South, to Sisimiut in the north west (ports have a year round shipping season), but travel from Sisimiut to sites further north doesn’t start till May, at the earliest, because of ice. A report by the World Meteorology Organization (WMO) shows that temperatures in Greenland have risen around 3C above average over the last year.

The WMO also reported that December 2011 was much warmer than usual with rainfall, instead of snow, recorded for the first time in Kuujjuaq. In 1721, the Danish-Norwegian priest Hans Egede came to spread the gospel in Greenland. Apparently Hans split his time between missionary work and prospecting for mineral resources. This author is not sure of his spiritual success among Greenland’s citizens but Hans did report finding graphite twenty years after arriving. Coal was being mined in the Disko Bay area by German miners in 1780, in 1851-1852 copper was being mined by an English company. Cryolite was valuable for soda and enamel production and in the 1890s was recognized as crucial for the production of aluminium. Mining in Greenland was dominated by cryolite production at Ivittuut from 1900 on. The Cryolite mine, operated by the Danish Cryolite Company, was abandoned in 1987 after 130 years of mining.

The lead-zinc mine in Mestersvig, in central East Greenland, was operated by the Northern Mining Company from 1953-59. The Black Angel lead-zinc-silver mine, near Uummannaq in West Greenland, is 400 km north of the Arctic Circle and was operated by Cominco Ltd from 1973-86, and from 1986 to 1990 by Boliden AB. The mine was closed with ore reserves of approximately 2Mt remaining – this mine will be reopened. As mentioned approximately 80% of Greenland is covered by the ice sheet, with the exposed area forming a fringe around the coast. These non ice covered coastal areas - geological terrain that is simply an extension of the *Canadian Shield - expose numerous mineral belts that are highly prospective for gold, nickel, platinum group elements (PGE), copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, tantalum and niobium, iron ore, several forms of industrial minerals, diamonds, rubies and rare earth elements (REEs). *Greenland’s geology is continuous with that of Canada and Northern Europe.

It includes: Archaean cratons - potential for diamonds, gold, REE Palaeoproterozoic mobile belts - potential for base metals, PGE’s, gold and tantalum Lower Palaeozoic sediments - potential for base metals Carboniferous Cretaceous sediments - potential for coal Lower Tertiary intrusive complexes, the Skýrgaard intrusion being the most important in terms of gold and PGE potential Greenland’s offshore geology is highly prospective for petroleum. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimated, in 2007, that the East Greenland Rift Basins Province could hold over 31 billion barrels of oil, gas and natural gas liquids. The USGS also estimated that the waters off Greenland’s west coast could contain more than 110 billion barrels of oil (roughly 42% of Saudi Arabia’s reserves). ExxonMobil, Chevron, Husky, Encana, the UK’s Cairn Energy and Denmark’s Dong Energy are among the companies that have either already won or applied for exploration licenses from Greenland’s Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum for acreage.

The Government of Greenland recognizes the future of the country lies in the development of its mineral resources and public pressure is increasing for better schools, health care and retirement plans. With the Danish government looking to reduce its subsidy of Greenland (approximately half of government revenues comes from grants, about $650 million in 2009) and an economy historically dependant on shrimping, declining fishing (82% of exports), sealing and fish and seal product exports (Europe has banned seal product imports) development of resource projects is now high on the governments list of priorities. In May 2007 a US aluminum producer concluded a memorandum of understanding with the Greenland Home Rule Government to build an aluminum smelter and a power generation facility in the Maniitsoq area – Greenland has abundant hydropower potential. Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (BMP) The BMP is the authoritative body for all administration in relation to the mineral resources industry in Greenland. Licensees only have to apply to one place to obtain all their necessary licenses – the BMP is very much a ‘one stop shop’ – ensuring efficient administration in the area of mineral resources.

The BMP has the regulatory authority to review, evaluate and approve all SIA’s, licenses and facilitate public hearing processes. Process of Mineral Applications The BMP took over from the Danish authorities in 1998. Because of a lack of awareness of Greenland’s mineral/petroleum potential the resource extraction industry suffered a general decline in interest. This trend continued to the all time low in 2002. The BMP designed a resource awareness marketing strategy focused on the two biggest mining countries in the world: Australia and Canada. From 17 exclusive licenses in 2002 the number grew to more than 70 in 2010, and in April 2011 the number had grown to 94 including current applications. In the same period the number of non-exclusive prospecting licenses went from six in 2002 to 20 in April 2011. A list can be downloaded here showing all active licences and current applications. From 2003 to 2010 the Government of Greenland issued four exploitation licenses for mining activities; Angel Mining is producing gold; Black Angel Mining has a mine under construction; QuadraFNX Minnig Ltd.

is waiting for higher market prices and one mine is temporarily closed (Minelco). London Mining wants to see the Isua iron ore mine, which hugs Greenland’s ice sheet about 150 kms northeast of Nuuk, in operation by 2015. Canada experienced a growth in expenditures (exploration expenses and activities) of 35 percent from CAD $1.911 billion in 2006 to CAD $2.624 billion in 2010. Greenland, in the same period, experienced an increase of almost 390 percent from DKK 135 million to a record DKK 524.5 million in 2010. Australia experienced a growth between of 116 percent from AUD 1.028 billion in 2004 to AUD 2.223 billion in 2009. Australian and Canadian listed company’s represent more than 55 percent of the resource sector companies currently working in Greenland. Conclusion Greenland is politically stable, maintains a long lived democracy and tax system, is open to foreign investment, and is mining friendly being eager to attain political independence from Denmark.

But how will Greenland pay for the responsibilities it may eventually take over from the Danish state? The main challenge to securing greater self-government is overcoming the reliance on the annual grant Greenland receives from Denmark and replacing it with revenues generated from within the country. Mineral mining and oil and gas production would ease this dependence. Fortunately Greenland is highly prospective for minerals and is hugely underexplored - the country is a new, and one of the last, frontiers for mineral and petroleum exploration. "…climate change has already opened new areas for the exploitation of mineral resources as the ice cap is retreating. And in combination with the political and economical control of our mineral resources it will open new opportunities for Greenland to gain more economical and political independence from Denmark.” Josef Motzfeldt, MP in Greenland’s Home Rule government Aheadoftheherd.com will be featuring two companies working in Greenland in future articles. The first has a 100% interest in 1,300 sq km being highly prospective for rare earths, diamonds, specialty and base metals. Our second featured company has acquired an exclusive exploration license for 4,841 sq km covering numerous outcrops of nickel-copper sulphide and other metals.

Greenland should be on every resource investors radar screen. Is it on yours? If not, maybe it should be. If you're interested in learning more about the junior resource sector, bio-tech and technology sectors please come and visit us at Site membership is free. No credit card or personal information is asked for. *** Richard is host of Aheadoftheherd.com and invests in the junior resource sector. His articles have been published on over 300 websites, including: Wall Street Journal, SafeHaven, Market Oracle, USAToday, National Post, Stockhouse, Lewrockwell, Uranium Miner, Casey Research, 24hgold, Vancouver Sun, SilverBearCafe, Infomine, Huffington Post, Mineweb, 321Gold, Kitco, Gold-Eagle, The Gold/Energy Reports, Calgary Herald, Resource Investor, Mining.com, Forbes, FNArena, Uraniumseek, and Financial Sense. Legal Notice / Disclaimer This document is not and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to purchase or subscribe for any investment.

Richard Mills has based this document on information obtained from sources he believes to be reliable but which has not been independently verified; Richard Mills makes no guarantee, representation or warranty and accepts no responsibility or liability as to its accuracy or completeness. Expressions of opinion are those of Richard Mills only and are subject to change without notice. Richard Mills assumes no warranty, liability or guarantee for the current relevance, correctness or completeness of any information provided within this Report and will not be held liable for the consequence of reliance upon any opinion or statement contained herein or any omission. Furthermore, I, Richard Mills, assume no liability for any direct or indirect loss or damage or, in particular, for lost profit, which you may incur as a result of the use and existence of the information provided within this Report. About Us greenland Archives - Islands Islands Discover Greenland and its Hidden secret Photo from Greenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, and east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. This country is with a population of less than one hundred thousand people. Greenland is also known as Kalaallit Nunaat.

This is the biggest island in the world, with almost half of its land and natural resources still remains untapped, and this gives entrepreneurs, both within and outside the country, the opportunity to take full advantage of the untouched natural resources to invest in the country. In addition , it is very interesting to know that better part of the land area, is covered with ice and this part consist of beautiful glaciers and magnificent fjords, all combining to offer tourist a great opportunity to live their special moments in the serene environments. Continue reading → Visit exotic Nuuk, Greenland for an amazing experience Photo- The capital of Greenland is Nuuk which is also referred to by its Danish name Godthab. The subarctic climate in Nuuk results in temperatures of -30 C in winter and about 10 C in summer. Rainfall and snow are common at any time of the year. The city of Nuuk was established in 1728 and is often termed as the oldest city in Greenland. Nuuk has a population of around 15000 inhabitants and is considered to be metropolis.

The only practical way to get to the capital of Greenland is either through air or by water as there aren’t any rail or roadways connecting the different cities in Greenland. Most tourists prefer travelling by air as Air Greenland and Air Iceland offer flights during the summer and winter months. There is only one airport in Nuuk and it is located within 4 km from the city making it easily accessible. Culture in Nuuk capital of Greenland Nuuk has a great culture as it effortlessly combines the new with the old. There are many historical places like cathedrals and museums in Nuuk which are popular among tourists along with many good Continue reading → Photo from There is nothing like sledding dogs in their true element. Native cultures in Greenland have relied upon dogs for centuries and that’s probably the most authentic place to witness this classic practice. Because the Greenland travel seasons are so short, you may want to plan accordingly in order to make the most of it. August is the only month when visitors can comfortably hike the mountains and sledd their dogs. Adventure In Greenland Dog sledding is more than just an adventure. In Greenland, dog sledding is very often a normal form of transportation.

The biggest areas where dog sledding is a common transportation form for locals are East Greenland and Sisimiut. Continue reading → Kalaallit Nunaat – A part of the Danish Empire - Lexiophiles Kalaallit Nunaat – A part of the Danish Empire English What might be new to many people, if you are not Danish, is that Greenland is a part of Denmark. Greenland is the world’s biggest island and is called “Kalaallit Nunaat” (the Greenlanders land) in Greenlandic. The capital of Greenland is Nuuk. The island is 2,166,086 km² and the major part of it is covered by the inland ice. 56,749 people live on Greenland, divided between 18 cities, which makes it the least populated country in the world. Their economy is based on the fishing industry, which makes up for 90 percent of the island’s export. The Greenlandic climate is arctic, and in the hottest months of the year the temperatures don’t go any higher than 10 degrees.

Depending on where you are on Greenland you can experience places where the sun never goes down behind the horizon – it is called the midnight sun. If you go to the Arctic Circle you will for example experience two months with the midnight sun. Many Greenlanders move to Denmark at some point in their life and today, there are 18,563 Greenlanders living in Denmark. The royal family has a very close and personal relationship with the island and its inhabitants, and they all visit it every year wearing their custom-made national costumes. Unfortunately, Greenlanders have quite a bad reputation in Denmark. They are said to be drunks who spend their day sitting on a bench with other Greenlanders drinking beer. It is especially the younger generation who sees the Greenlanders as alcoholics. We actually have an expression called “Grønlænderstiv”, which directly translated is “Greenlandic wasted” – to get as drunk as a Greenlandic. But, as a Dane and someone who knows people from Greenland this is just a myth, but unfortunately it is also a myth that is hard to shoot down. Do you have any negative myths in your country? Or about your culture?

Culture of Greenland - history, people, clothing, women, beliefs, food, customs, family, social Culture of Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat (used by Inuit Greenlanders) Orientation Identification. Greenland was probably originally settled by descendants of the present Inuit culture, who identify the island as Kalaalit Nunaat—meaning "land of the people"—in their native language. It received the name Greenland from Norse explorer Eiríkur Rauðe Þorvaldsson (known today as Erik the Red). He sailed from Iceland to the island in 982 C.E. and spent the next three years farming a plot of land along the southern coastline. He returned to Iceland in 986, intent on encouraging others to settle the rugged island. With this in mind, he referred to the island as Greenland, reasoning that a pleasant name would be more likely to attract settlers. Several colonies subsequently were established in Greenland, but these failed to survive. In 1605 King Christian IV of Denmark claimed Greenland for his kingdom. It remained a colony of Denmark until 1953, when it received county status. This change also gave Greenlanders full Danish citizenship.

In 1979, Greenland became a self-governing part of the Danish realm after passage of a popular referendum. But it is still subject to the Danish constitution, and Denmark continues to manage the island's external affairs in areas such as defense. Greenland is currently composed of three administrative divisions: West Greenland (Kitaa in Greenlandic), East Greenland (Tunu), and North Greenland (Avannaa, also known as the Thule District). Today, about 80 percent of Greenland's population is of Inuit or mixed Inuit/Danish heritage. Most of the remainder are of Danish descent, although a small number trace their heritage back to other regions of Europe. Modern Greenland has undoubtedly been shaped by European values and perspectives, but the island nonetheless features unique Inuit and European cultures that are distinct from one another. These differences in social customs and attitudes do bring tensions, but Greenlanders are united by the commonly held challenges of cold climate and isolation, as well as a genuine affection for the land on which they live. Location and Geography. Greenland is the largest island in the world. It is located 17 miles northeast of Canada's Ellesmere Island, between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic.

The northern tip of Greenland is approximately 460 miles (740 kilometers) from the North Pole, making it the northernmost country on the planet. It is approximately 1,660 miles (2,670 kilometers) long from its northern to southern tips, and is about 650 miles (1,050 kilometers) across at its widest point. The total land area of Greenland is about 804,000 square miles (2,175,600 square kilometers), about three times the size of Texas, but 85 percent of the island's land surface is covered by ice. The country includes about 24,800 miles (40,000 kilometers) of coastline. Greenland is a forbidding, rugged land that nonetheless possesses a stark beauty. Much of the island's interior lies beneath a vast ice cap that in some places is up to 9,800 feet (3,000 meters) thick. Over the years, the weight of all this ice has reshaped the island's interior into a concave, bowl-like basin that has actually sunk below sea level in several areas.

The white surface of this vast ice cap is relieved only by the occasional peaks of mountains (nunataks in Greenlandic) jutting into the sky. Glaciers from this great mass of ice extend through mountain valleys and ravines to reach coastline fjords at many points. At the terminuses of these drainages, thousands of icebergs—many of monstrous size—are formed every year. The inhospitable interior of the island relegates the entire population of Greenland to its rugged coastlines. Most settlements are on the west and Greenland southwest coast, including the capital city of Nuuk. This city, originally founded in 1721, is the island's oldest Danish settlement and by far the largest community in Greenland. It holds about 14,000 of the nation's entire population of 59,000 people. The climate in Greenland is subarctic, with short, cool summers and bitterly cold winters. Along the fjords of the southwest coast, where most Greenlanders live, temperatures average 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius) during the height of summer. But the temperature falls to a mean of 18 degrees Fahrenheit (-8 degrees Celsius) during wintertime.

Temperatures are much colder in the northern interior. Hours of sunlight vary dramatically from season to season in Greenland, three-quarters of which lies north of the Arctic Circle. During the summer, Greenland becomes a land of the "midnight sun," with weeks of 24-hour daylight all along its length and breadth. In fact, northern Greenland receives three months of continual daylight during this time. During the winter, however, Greenland's southern ramparts receive only a meager supply of daylight (several hours each day) and the far north is plunged into darkness for several weeks, bracketed by a month of brief, hazy twilight on either end. Demography. The total population of Greenland was estimated at 59,300 (31,390 men and 27,910 women) in July 1998. Approximately 26 percent of the total population is 14 years old or younger, while 6 percent are 65 years and over. The remaining 68 percent are between the ages of 15 and 64.

Life expectancy for the total population is 69.46 years (65.29 years for men, 73.65 years for women). About 80 percent of Greenland's population is of Inuit or mixed Inuit and Danish-Norwegian heritage. The rest are of European ancestry. In addition to Nuuk (population 14,000), population centers on Greenland include Holsteinsborg (Sisimiut in Greenlandic), Jakobshavn (Ilulissat), Narsaq (Narssaq), Julianehåb (Qaqortoq), and Ammassalik (Angmagssalik). Greenlandic communities are widely dispersed across the country, and roadways connecting these villages and towns are nonexistent. Transportation within Greenland is via dogsled, snowmobile, coastal ferry, and helicopter. Linguistic Affiliation. Greenlandic is the official language of the island. It is an Inuit dialect with regional differences (east and west Greenlandic dialects are different in a number of notable respects).

"Greenlandic is a polysynthetic language, in which entire ideas are expressed in a single word by addition of prefixes and suffixes to a root subject," note Deanna Swaney and Graeme Cornwallis in Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. "Hence the impossible-looking mega-syllabic words which intimidate foreigners with their sheer length when written on a page . . . Some outsiders who've lived for years in Greenland still don't have a grasp of the language." In addition, nearly every citizen of Greenland knows the Danish language. Symbolism. The national flag of Greenland appears as two equal horizontal bands of white and red (with the white on top), broken up by a large circle located slightly to the left of center. The top half of this disk is red, while the bottom half is white. The line dividing the circle in two is aligned with the line that divides the two horizontal bands, creating a single line that extends across the length of the flag. Greenland is also awash in cultural symbols and slogans that reflect the history and values of traditional Inuit communities. Many of these symbols are closely related to the environment and/or the natural world, which has sustained the Inuit peoples for hundreds of years.

History and Ethnic Relations Emergence of the Nation. It is believed that Greenland's first inhabitants arrived on the island about 4,500–5,000 years ago (probably from Ellesmere Island). But these early Inuit peoples disappeared from the land about 3,000 years ago for unknown reasons. They were followed by another Stone Age eskimo culture known as the Dorset Culture. This nomadic hunting culture lasted from about 600 B.C.E. C.E. before disappearing. In the tenth century, the Thule Culture spread across Greenland. This culture, which developed early kayaks, harpoons, and dogsleds, either absorbed or supplanted existing eskimo cultures. Anthropologists agree that Greenland's modern Inuits are descended from the Thule. Thule influence spread across the island during the same time that Norse explorers first investigated its coastlines. About 900, a Norwegian named Gunnbjørn Ulfsson became the first European to set foot on Greenland. He was followed more than 80 years later by Eiríkur Rauðe Þorvaldsson (Erik the Red), who organized the first Viking settlements on the island.

Around 1000, Leif Eriksson, son of Erik the Red, brought Christianity to Greenland from Norway. Norse settlements prospered for about 500 years, thanks in large measure to continuing ties with Iceland and Norway. But these settlements eventually dissolved and disappeared. Their disappearance has been attributed to climatic changes and problems with the Thule tribes, but their demise remains largely shrouded in mystery. Europeans returned to Greenland in 1721, and in 1775 Denmark claimed the island as a colony. In 1953 a new Danish constitution made Greenland a part of Denmark, and financial aid to the island increased dramatically. In 1979, a popular referendum gave Greenland "Home Rule" status as a distinct nation within the Kingdom of Denmark. National Identity. Greenland features a blend of Inuit and Danish cultures. Many Greenlanders have expressed uneasiness with the increased "Westernization" of Greenland communities in recent years, and many efforts are underway to preserve and sustain traditional Inuit ways, which remain an essential part of the country's national identity.

But Greenland's long association with Denmark has benefited the island's inhabitants in many tangible ways, such as in raising standards of living and improving health care and education. Moreover, most Greenlanders of European descent are sensitive to the importance of preserving the historical culture and perspective of the Inuit people. Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of Space Nearly all Greenlandic architecture is extremely utilitarian. Buildings and other structures emphasize functionality over form. Greenlandic homes are typically constructed of stone, sod, or wood. During the summers, some families live in tents made from furs or skins. Communities are typically tightly clustered together, for as Gretel Ehrlich remarked in National Geographic Adventure, "for the Eskimo, solitude is a sign of sheer unhappiness. It is thought to be a perversion and absolutely undesirable." Food and Economy Food in Daily Life. The typical Greenlandic diet is heavy on consumption of fish, potatoes, vegetables, and canned foods. Seal and polar bear meat is also a staple in many Inuit communities. Basic Economy.

Greenland's economic situation is comparable to that of mainland Europe, in terms of standard of living and unemployment (officially about 10 percent in the mid-1990s, with the public sector accounting for almost two-thirds of all jobs). Its annual gross national product exceeds $1 billion (U.S.), but about one-half of government revenues are received directly from the Danish government. Greenland suffered from recessionary economic conditions in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It has benefited from budget surpluses and low inflation in recent years, but fears that overfishing might trigger crippling fisheries depletion in the near future are growing. In northern and eastern Greenland, the economies of small and isolated Inuit villages are primarily based on subsistence hunting for meat and pelts (of polar bears and seals, most notably) and fishing. In addition, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has granted Greenland special permission to engage in limited "aboriginal subsistence whaling" in recent years, which has benefited some Inuit communities. Land Tenure and Property.

Community ownership of land and common resources is the rule in Inuit communities, where interdependence is a necessity A person collecting ice for drinking water in Qaanaaq, Greenland. In Greenland's subarctic climate, temperatures average only fifty degrees at the height of summer, and only along the southwest coast. for survival. In fact, Inuit families that exceed "normal" living standards within their community typically distribute excess goods to poorer individuals. In non-subsistence communities such as the capital city of Nuuk, where European influences are more pronounced, private ownership protections are stronger. Major Industries. Greenland is heavily reliant on fishing and related industries for its economic wellbeing, and it has gained an international reputation for being a fierce protector of its fishing rights in recurring disputes with Canada and the European Union. Leading fisheries include shrimp, halibut, redfish, salmon, and haddock. Cod was formerly a leader, but its fisheries have been decimated by overfishing. Other important industries include agriculture (sheep, vegetables) and mining. Tourism is emerging as an important economic factor as well, although Greenland's remote location and short summers are hindrances in this regard. Trade. Most manufactured and consumer goods available in Greenland are imported from Denmark.

Fish and fish-related products account for approximately 95 percent of all of Greenland's exports. Leading trading partners are Denmark, Japan, Norway, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Division of Labor. Many Greenlandic communities continue to maintain a subsistence lifestyle, in which hunting and fishing skills are paramount. The fishing industry is the primary employer of both men and women in Greenland. Social Stratification Classes and Castes. Social stratification within Greenlandic communities is not a major factor, since families typically share both common ethnic backgrounds and similar economic circumstances. Political Life Government. Greenland has been a self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979 (Greenland holds two seats in the Danish parliament). It is divided into 18 separate municipalities. The executive branch of Greenland's government is a seven-member body, known as the Landsstyre, that is led by a prime minister. Other members of the Landsstyre administrate departments concerned with a wide variety of areas, including culture, housing, telecommunications, education, transportation, trade, and the environment (responsibilities in the area of foreign relations, defense, and currency remain with the Danish government).

Greenland's legislature consists of a 31-member parliament known as the Landsting. Members are elected on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms. Their responsibilities include electing Greenland's prime minister (usually the leader of the majority party). Leadership and Political Officials. Major political parties within Greenland include: Siumut ("Forward"), a moderate socialist party that champions Greenlandic independence within the Kingdom of Denmark; Inuit Ataqatigiit ("Inuit Brotherhood"), which wants complete independence from Denmark; and Atassut ("Solidarity"), which has called for closer ties with Denmark. In recent years, the island has been ruled by a Siumut-Atassut coalition. Social Problems and Control. Greenland maintains a system of local judicial courts, which hand out judgements based on a Greenlandic—not Danish—criminal code. This code, which reflects traditional Inuit beliefs about punishment, avoids imprisoning most people found guilty of criminal offenses. Instead, sentences usually consist of fines, compulsory counseling, or reform centers in particularly serious cases. Alcoholism is often cited as a significant social problem in Greenlandic communities.

This problem—common in many isolated Arctic communities around the world—is often blamed on cultural stress, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and genetic intolerance of alcohol within the Inuit community (scientists have noted that Inuit people have lower supplies of important amino acids that break down alcohol). Greenland's government has tried to address this issue by imposing restrictions on hours in which alcohol may be sold, limiting purchases to people 18 years or older, and launching various education programs, but alcohol abuse remains a serious problem in many communities. Military Activity. The Danish military is responsible for protection of Greenland, which does not maintain its own force. Social Welfare and Change Programs Denmark bankrolls an extensive social welfare program that is administered by Greenland's government. Benefits include free health care and other social services. Gender Roles and Statuses Division of Labor by Gender. Gender roles in Inuit communities are interchangeable in many respects. Men and women share in many chores associated with their subsistence-oriented lifestyles, although responsibilities related to hunting and fishing still tend to be divided by gender (for instance, men typically do the actual hunting, while women attend to drying the meat, harvesting of the skins, etc.) The Relative Status of Women and Men.

Inuit society has traditionally placed greater value on boys than girls, and these attitudes persist today. Marriage, Family, and Kinship Marriage. "Arranged" marriages are not unknown, but most unions are by choice. Most marriages are monogamous, but some men do maintain marriages with more than one wife at a time. Domestic Unit. Immediate family units are usually modest in size (average two children per family). Kin Groups. Extended families are very important in Greenlandic communities. These kin groups treat resources as communal property. For example, food obtained from hunting and fishing is generally divided up equally among families of a kin group. But Inuit families also form alliances outside their kin group. These alliances, which stem from historical—and present-day—concerns about survival, are carefully maintained through rituals of respect and gift-giving. Socialization Infant Care. Inuit place great importance on the time of year in which children are born. Winter children (axigirn) and summer children (aggirn) are greeted with very different birth rituals, ranging from first foods eaten to selection of garments to clothe them. Child Rearing and Education. As Greenlandic children grow older, they enjoy great freedom by Western standards.

"Greenlanders believe their children are born with complete personalities and are endowed as a birthright with the wisdom, survival instinct, magic and intelligence of their ancestors," explain Swaney and Cornwallis. According to this Laundry hanging at a farm in Jakobshavn. Most Greenlandic homes are constructed of stone, sod, or wood. traditional perspective emphasizing ancestral links, punishing children for misbehavior is an insult to their ancestors. Education is compulsory and free for all Greenlandic children between the ages of 6 and 15. Education standards are identical to those in place in Denmark. Once children complete their primary school education (where courses of instruction include the handling of firearms, an essential skill in many subsistence communities), secondary education is available at boarding schools. Vocational school training is also available. Many of these schools emphasize training youths for careers in the fishing industry, but classes in construction, business, and metalworking are also available. Greenland relies heavily on Danish teachers and administrators to keep their school system operational. Higher Education. Students who wish to continue their education at the university level usually attend college in Denmark. The lone university on the island is Greenland University (Ilisimatusarfik) in Nuuk.

Etiquette Greenlanders are friendly of temperament, albeit more restrained in their social interactions than most Westerners. Their strong sense of etiquette is guided by traditional Inuit beliefs and customs. Religion Religious Beliefs. The majority of the Greenlandic population is associated with the Lutheran Church, which is the national church of Denmark. But traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs remain strong in many of Greenland's remote communities. Rituals and Holy Places. Members of Greenlandic communities continue to practice a wide range of rituals handed down from their ancestors. These range from giving ritualistic thanks to bears, whales, and other creatures after they have been slain by hunting expeditions to taboos on mixing food and clothing associated with the winter months with those associated with the summer season. Death and the Afterlife. The Lutheran religion as practiced in Greenland and other nations is based on a belief in the ultimate authority of God. It places great importance on the life of Jesus and the authority of the Bible, and emphasizes the doctrine of salvation through faith. Communities are typically tightly clustered, and solitude is considered totally undesirable. Medicine and Health Care Free health care, subsidized by the Danish government, is available to all Greenlanders.

In most of Greenland's small, widely dispersed communities, however, this care is quite limited in scope. The largest hospital in Greenland is Queen Ingrid's Hospital in Nuuk. Secular Celebrations Secular holidays celebrated in Greenland include Labour Day (1 May), Danish Constitution Day (5 June), National Day (21 June), and New Year's Eve and Day. The Arts and Humanities Support for the Arts. Artists and writers in Greenland enjoy some official support from the Greenlandic and Danish governments, which see the arts as an important element of efforts to increase tourism. The greatest reason for the continued vitality of Greenlandic arts, however, is the Inuit communities' strong artistic tradition. Literature. Greenland's long tradition of oral storytelling (stories and songs) has always concerned itself primarily with explaining Inuit myths and standards of moral behavior, as well as the relationship between the Inuit people and the creatures (seal, bear, walrus, whale, fox, etc.) on which they relied for survival. This tradition remains a viable one in Greenlandic communities, and its most talented practitioners are respected figures. Written literature is less established in Greenland, but reading and writing are increasingly popular pastimes. Graphic Arts.

Greenland enjoys a distinguished place in the world of native graphic arts. Traditional Inuit clothing features intricate handmade designs, traditional materials, and festive colors. Inuit artists also specialize in the creation of tupilak, small wood or bone carvings of supernatural creatures or arctic animals that have their origins in the island's pre-Christian era. Performance Arts. As with most other artistic expression in Greenland, performance arts often focus on various aspects of the traditional Inuit hunting and fishing culture. But modern performance art is also present in Greenland in the form of pop music groups, modern dance, etc. Bibliography Greenland - Kalaallit Nunaat | Nonni Travel Greenland - Kalaallit Nunaat EUR Greenland - Kalaallit Nunaat Greenland is the worldï¿½s largest island (2.166.086 km2). With a population of roughly 57.000, it is the least densely populated country in the world. The greenlandic name Kalaallit Nunaat means "land of people". The north coast of Greenland is 710 km from the North Pole. Approximately 85% of the land is covered by ice.

The huge ice sheet and the suprisingly low precipitation inï¿½large areas are reasons why Greenland has the third largest desert area in the world. The towns and settlements are free of ice during the summer time. Geographically, Greenland is part of the North American continent; geopolitically, the country is part of Europe, and nationally, Greenland is part of Denmark. Greenland ceased to be a Danish colony in 1953 when Greenlanders became equal citizens of the Kingdom of Denmark. In 1979 the country achieved Home Rule status and gotï¿½ its own parliament and its own flag. In 2009 a further step was taken towards independence.ï¿½ Unlike Denmark, Greenland is not a member of the European Union. Nuuk is the capital city with a population of about 15.000. Itï¿½is the only town in Greenlandï¿½with a light controlled pedestrian crossing and has the only roundabouts. Most vacation travelers come to Greenland for the rugged and impressive nature. but come away even richer after having made acquaintance with the people and got a real insight into a totally new world.

Ittoqqortoormiit and Scoresby Sund area Ittoqqortoormiit is a very small and isolated community with just under 500 inhabitants. Most people earn their living or supplement their earnings by subsistance hunting for seals, muskoxen and polar bears. For these people life has always evolved around hunting - in fact their very survival has depended on successful hunting. The East-Greenlanders of Ittoqqortoormiit are very friendly and sincere, but sometimes quite shy as they are not used to strangers. Alcohol is a problem as in many areas of the Arctic, but people are always friendly even if they may at times be slightly intoxicated. Tundra Travel - Greenland Greenland Climate. Our expeditions in North-East Greenland are planned in August and September. The reason is that access to this wild coast is dependent on the ice conditions. For much of the year the region is locked in by pack-ice, which only by late summer has broken up sufficiently to allow vessels such as ours to reach land. Please note; although we expect to be able to reach Greenland, nature does not give us a guarantee. Pack-ice is unpredictable and may prevent our ships to complete the planned itinerary.

The Greenlandic weather varies enormously depending on where you are on this vast island. Influenced by its high latitude, the gigantic ice-cap and the surrounding oceans and seas, Greenland has an Arctic to High Arctic climate. Still, East Greenland has on average 300 days of sunshine in the year. In August we can expect surprisingly warm daytime temperatures. In Scoresby Sund the average daytime temperatures are between 5 and 9ºC (41 and 48ºF) with the highest observed temperature being 21ºC (70ºF). On a sunny, windless day even 9ºC feels quite warm. By September, autumn rapidly begins to take a hold. Temperatures drop below zero, the sea in sheltered fjords begins to freeze, the winds strengthen and snow can be expected. Still, the low sun gives spectacular sunsets and the snow adds to the Arctic feeling. Greenland Flora & Fauna. Greenland and its surrounding waters are home to an impressive array of bird life. There are about 50 bird species on the island such as Gyrfalcon , Snowy Owl , Barnacle and Pink-footed Goose .

Greenland is also home to quite some terrestrial mammal species: Arctic Wolf, Arctic Fox, Ermine, Collared Lemming, Muskox and the Arctic Hare . In the coastal waters of Greenland there are Fin , Minke and Humpback Whales , Narwhals and Belugas (White Whales) . Blue Whales , Sperm Whales and Pilot Whales are also seen occasionally. Please note; some of the animals mentioned are not always seen during our Greenland voyages as several of these species are rare. One of the reasons can be the time of year: in August and September many bird species have migrated. Another important reason is unfortunately the large-scale game hunting by Greenlanders. Animals such as the Arctic Wolf, the Polar Bear, the Walrus, and the Narwhal are in some areas massively overhunted. For instance the Polar Bear is therefore rarely seen on the west coast, more regularly it is seen on the northern and north-eastern coasts. Frequently visited places in North-East Greenland are (from north to south): In Foster Bugt, in East Greenland a beautiful place to land is Myggebugten.

Beyond the old hunters´ hut (in the first half of last century Norwegian trappers hunted here for Polar Bears and Arctic Foxes) there is extensive tundra populated by Musk Oxen. The small lakes are home to geese. Kaiser Franz Joseph Fjord is a magnificent fjord with towering mountains on both sides, its inner reaches choked with huge ice-bergs. Scoresby Sund, or Kangertittivaq in Greenlandic. The longest fjord in the world, more than 350 kilometres (217 miles) long. Illoqqortoormiut is the biggest settlement in the Scoresby Sund with about 500 inhabitants. At the post office you can buy stamps for your postcards, or just wander around to see the sledge dogs and the drying skins of Seal, Musk Ox and Polar Bear. Nansen Fjord is another magnificent landscape with an enormous calving glacier front, which is easily approached. At the inner side of the fjord along the northern shore there are ample landing and zodiac cruising opportunities.

In Nansen Fjord we find Gunnbjørns Fjeld, with a height of 3,700 meters (12,139 feet) both the highest peak in Greenland and the highest mountain north of the Arctic Circle. Related tours

Question: Which island is referred to by its inhabitants as Kalaalit Nunaat?
Answer: Greenland