The Royal House Of Hanover - British Monarchy Family History British Monarchy Family History The Royal House Of Hanover The Royal House of Hanover was the ruling royal house of Great Britain and Ireland for one hundred and eighty seven years from 1714 - 1901, by way of six monarchs. King George I came to the throne upon the death of the Royal House of Stuart monarch Queen Anne in 1714 as he was the late queen's closest Protestant relative through his mother Queen Sophie, who was the grand daughter of King James I of England by way of her mother Elisabeth of Bohemia. GEORGE I George was born on the 28th of May 1660 in Hanover in Germany, which at that time was part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the oldest child of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover and his wife Countess Sophie of Rhineland - Palatine. He came to the British throne after the death of his cousin, the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne.

King George was crowned at Westminster Abbey on the 20th of October 1714 at the age of fifty and was not particularly liked or welcomed by the British people, probably for no other reason than he was a foreigner. It was believed that he did not speak very good English, although records show that he did have a good understanding of the language. However, his lack of English did go on to see a diminishing of the monarchy and more power and control given to the government, which, by the time of his death in 1727, had left full power of the running of the country to Robert Walpole, Great Britain's very first Prime Minister. King George's reign also brought about the Jacobite Rebellions (1715 - 1746) - a series of uprisings and rebellions aimed at restoring the Royal House of Stuart to the throne of Britain - an act designed to replace him with the former Queen Anne's half brother James Francis Edward Stuart, an act that failed mainly due to the Stuart's Catholicism. On a personal level George is best remembered for his long running feud with his only son, the future King George II.

King George died whilst on a visit to his native Germany on the 11th of June 1727 at Osnabruck. He is buried at the Herrenhausen in Hanover, Germany. SOPHIA DOROTHEA OF CELLE In 1682, by way of an arranged marriage of state, George married Sophia Dorothea of Celle (1666 - 1726) on the 22nd of November 1682 in Celle, Germany. Sophia Dorothea was born on the 15th of September 1666 in Celle, Germany and was the daughter of George William, Duke of Brunswick - Luneburg and his long term mistress, Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse. Sophia Dorothea is best remembered for her affair with Philip Christoph von Konigsmarck, which when found out, resulted in her spending the last thirty years of her life incarcerated in the Castle of Ahlden in her native Celle, where she was denied any contact with her children ever again.

She died from liver failure brought on by gall stones on the 13th of November 1726 and was later interred at the Stadtkirche in Celle, Germany. Her lover was apparently murdered by order of the King, but this has never been verified. Before her affair and subsequent divorce and incarceration, their union had produced two heirs one of which would become the King of England and the other would become the Queen of Prussia. George II of Great Britain - (1683 - 1760) - Married Caroline of Brandenburg - Ansbach, a union which produced nine children, one of which would become the future Queen of Denmark and another would become the future Princess of Orange. Sophia - (1687 - 1757) - Sophia married Fredrick William I of Prussia, making her Queen of Prussia and Electress of Brandenburg. Their union produced ten children, including the future King Fredrick II of Prussia and the future Queen Louise Ulrika of Sweden. EHRENGARD MELUSINE VON DER SCHULENBURG After his divorce in 1694 George began the first of two long term affairs.

His first mistress was Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, a former lady in waiting to his mother the Electress Sophia. In 1716 Melusine moved to London to be with George and straight away he created a life peerage for her by way of the titles the Duchess of Munster, Marchioness of Dungannon, Countess of Dungannon and Baroness Dundalk. In 1719 he further created the titles of Duchess of Kendal, Countess of Faversham and Baroness Glastonbury for her. After George's divorce Melusine was considered to be queen in all but name, some even suspect that he had secretly married her sometime in 1716, hence the many titles he had bestowed upon her. During their thirty three year long affair Melusine bore George three Illegitimate daughters, they were - Anna Louise - (1692 - 1773). She married Ernst von Busscheippenberg in 1707. There were no children from this union and they divorced in 1714. Petronella Melusina - (1693 - 1778).

She married Philip Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfirld (1694 - 1773) in 1733. This union produced no heirs. Margarethe Gertrude - (1701 - 1726). She married Albrecht, Count of Schaumburg (1699 - 1748) in 1722 and produced two sons before her death in 1726.They were George (1722 - 1742) and Wilhelm (1724 - 1777). SOPHIA VON KIELMANSEGG George's second mistress was courtier Sophia von Kielmansegg, Countess of Darlington (1675 - 1725) with whom he had a very controversial thirty year long affair, as Sophia was actually George’s illegitimate half sister.

They were both the children of Ernest Augustus, the Elector of Hanover, with Sophia's mother being the German noblewoman Clara Elisabeth von Meysenberg, the Baroness of Platen and Hellermund, with whom the Elector had conducted a five year affair with during the 1670s. Although Sophia’s family have always denied that she was sleeping with George, it was in fact common knowledge at the British court that they were lovers. It is not believed that George and Sophia had any children together although Sophia did have five children with her husband Johan, Baron von Kielmansegg (1668 - 1717), whom she married in 1701, so it's hard to say who the fathers of her children actually were. GEORGE II King George II came to the throne upon the death of his father in 1727. He was the eldest and only son of King George I and his wife Sophia Dorothea and was born on the 30th of October 1683 at the Herrenhausen Palace in Hanover.

His coronation at Westminster Abbey on the eleventh of October 1727 made him the last British king to be born on foreign soil and the last king to lead an army into Battle, at the Battle of Dettingen in 1743. It was during his reign that the national anthems of Great Britain, Australia, Canada and New Zealand were written and first performed. On a personal level he is best remembered for his long and bitter feuds both with his father and his son and heir, Fredrick, Prince of Wales. King George died of an aortic aneurysm on October 25th 1760 at the age of seventy five, and true to his word, he was interred in Westminster Abbey in the same casket as his Queen Consort. CAROLINE OF BRANDENBURG - ANSBACH On the 22nd of August 1705 George married Caroline of Brandenburg - Ansbach (1683 - 1737) at the Chapel at Herrenhausen in Hanover, Germany.

Caroline was born at Ansbach in Germany on the 1st of March 1683 and was the daughter of John Fredrick Margrave and his wife Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe - Eisenbach, Like most things that George did in his life his father was angry with his choice of bride, not through any dislike for her, but because he did not want to see his son in a loveless, arranged marriage such as he had endured. As it was, George and Caroline had a very successful marriage that would produce nine children. Caroline was an intellectual woman and lover and patron of the arts. She was well liked both by the parliament and the people of Britain, so much so, that Caroline County, Virginia, U.S.A was named in her honour. She died of a ruptured womb on the 20th of November 1737 aged 54. It is beleived that she pleaded with her husband to remarry, but he promised not to, preferring to take mistresses instead. When she was interred in Westminster Abbey, the king had her coffin fitted with a false side, so that he could be interred along side her when he too died.

George and Caroline's union produced nine children, they were; Two children who died in infancy, Augustus George born in 1716 and George William born in 1717 who died within one year. Fredrick, Prince of Wales - (1707 - 1751). Married Augusta of Saxe - Gotha. This union produced nine children, including the future King George III of England and the future Queen Caroline Matilda of Denmark and Norway. Anne, Princess Royal - (1709 - 1759). Anne married William IV Prince of Orange. They had no children. Amelia - (1711 - 1786). Died unmarried and without issue. Caroline - (1713 - 1757). Died unmarried and without issue. William - (1721 - 1765). Died unmarried and without issue. Mary - (1723 - 1772). Mary married Landgrave of Hesse Kassel and had three children, William - (1743 - 1827).

Charles - (1744 - 1836) and Fredrick - (1747 - 1837). Louise - (1724 - 1751). Louise married King Fredrick V of Denmark and had four children; Sophia Magdalena - (1746 - 1813), the future Queen of Sweden. Caroline - 1747 - 1820, the future Electress of Hesse. Christian - (1749 - 1808), the future King of Denmark and Louise - (1750 - 1831), Princess of Hesse Kassel. HENRIETTA HOWARD Despite George and Caroline's amiable marriage the king still took mistresses, the most famous of which was socialite, Henrietta Herbert, Countess of Suffolk (1689 - 1767). Henrietta was Queen Caroline's Mistress of the Robes and, by all accounts, a great friend of her's too.

Henrietta was married to politician Charles Howard, Earl of Suffolk, who in 1723, was paid handsomely for his wife's services to the king, when she had to leave court life due to increasing deafness. AMALIE VON WALLMODEN George's longest running affair however was with German courtier, Amalie von Wallmoden (1704 - 1764), whose twenty year affair produced him with a recognised, illegitimate son, Johan Ludwig Graf von Wallmoden - Gimborne (1736 - 1811). After the birth of their son George honoured Amalie with a life peerage, giving her the title of the Countess of Yarmouth. Amalie would be the last mistress of a British monarch to be awarded such an honour. GEORGE III George was born in London on the 4th of June 1738, the son of the former Prince of Wales, Prince Fredrick and his wife Princess Augusta of Saxe - Gotha. King George III came to the throne upon the death of his grandfather King George II, as his own father and heir to the throne, the former Prince of Wales, had died nine years previously.

George was crowned king at Westminster Abbey on the 22nd of September 1761. George III's reign is renowned for two things, the loss of the American colonies that lead to the American War of Independence and subsequent union of the United States of America and the mental illness that dominated the latter years of his life. George died, blind, deaf and insane on the 29th of January 1820 at the age of 81. It is claimed that the king's mental illness was due to the hereditary condition porphyria. He was later interred at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. CHARLOTTE OF MECKLENBURG - STRELITZ George married Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz (1744 - 1818) on the 6th of September 1761, in London. This was to become a successful marriage that bore fifteen children, one of which would become the future King of Britain and another would become the future King of Hanover.

Charlotte was born on the 19th of May 1744 at Mirow in Germany and was the daughter of Duke Charles Louis Fredrick of Mecklenburg - Strelitz and his wife Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe - Hildburghausen, Charlotte was a lover of music and it is said that she was friends with both the composers Bach and Mozart. Another of her friends was the French Princess Marie Antoinette, with whom she had a long and close relationship, until Marie Antoinette's execution in October 1793. Charlotte enjoyed her married life and caring for her children, but was not happy with court life due to the interference and controlling manner of her mother - in - law Princess Augusta. This led to the King obtaining Buckingham House as their family home, which is better known today as Buckingham Palace, which still remains to this day the official home of the British monarch. During her latter years Charlotte became the legal guardian of the King during his long mental illness.

Charlotte died on the 17th of November, 1818 at the age of 74, having been married to the king for fifty nine years, making her the longest serving Queen Consort in the British monarchy and the second longest serving consort after the Duke Of Edinburgh, consort of the present Queen Elisabeth II. She was later interred at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. During their long marriage the royal couple produced fifteen children, they were: George - Prince of Wales - (1762 - 1830) - Future Prince Regent and future King George IV of Britain. Married Caroline of Brunswick, they had one daughter, Charlotte, Princess of Wales, but she died in 1817 at the age of twenty one. Fredrick, Duke of York - (1763 - 1827) - He married Princess Charlotte of Prussia, daughter of Fredrick Willem of Prussia and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick - Luneburg. Their union was an unhappy one which produced no heirs. William, Duke of Clarence (1763 - 1827) - Future King William IV of England.

Charlotte, Princess Royal - (1766 - 1828) - Charlotte married Fredrick of Wurtenberg. Their union produced one stillborn daughter in 1798. Edward, Duke of Kent - (1767 - 1820) - Edward married Princess Victoria of Saxe Coburg Saalfeld. They produced one child, Victoria – (1819 – 1901) who would go on to become the future Queen of England. Augusta Sophia - (1768 - 1820) - Died unmarried and without issue. Elizabeth - (1770 - 1840) - Elizabeth married Fredrick VI of Landgrave Hesse Hanover. They had no issue. Ernest Augustus, - (1771 - 1851) - Future King of Hanover - He married Fredricka of Mecklenberg Strelitz and produced one child, George – (1819 – 1878), the future King George V of Hanover.

Augustua Fredrick, Duke of Sussex - (1773 - 1843) - He married Lady Augusta Murray and produced two children, Augustus – (1794 – 1848) and Augusta – (1801 – 1866). His second marriage was to Cecilia Underwood, the Duchess of Inverness. This union produced no issue. Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge - (1774 - 1850) - He married Augusta of Hesse Cassel. and produced three children, George – (1819 – 1904). Augusta – (1822 – 1916) and Mary Adelaide - (1833 – 1897). Mary - (1776 - 1857) - Mary married William, Duke of Gloucester, but had no issue. Sophia - (1777 - 1848) - Died unmarried and without issue. Octavius - (1779 - 1783) - Died in infancy.

Alfred - (1780 - 1782) - Died in infancy. Amelia - (1783 - 1810). Died unmarried and without issue. GEORGE IV George was born on the 12th of August 1762, at St Jame's Palace in London. He was the first born child of King George III and his wife Queen Charlotte. King George IV came to the throne upon the death of his mentally ill father after his coronation at Westminster Abbey on the 19th of July 1821, but had actually been the Prince Regent in the king's absence since 1810. On a personal level George is best remembered for being selfish, unreliable, irresponsible and frivolous and for the extravagant lifestyle which contributed to the British Regency period of fashion and architecture. He was also remembered for his close friendship with architect John Nash, who between them produced the two things which the Prince Regent is most famous for, the Royal Pavillion in Brighton and Regents Park in London. George became King in 1821.

By the time of his accession he was obese, addicted to laudanum and in the first stages of dementia, although this hardly made a difference to his ability to run the country as he would have been inept had he been of sound mind and body. King George IV died at Windsor Castle on the 26th of June 1830 from the affects of years of over indulgence at the age of sixty nine. He was interred at the castle's St George's Chapel on July the 15th. CAROLINE OF BRUNSWICK In 1785, at the age of 23 George had indulged in a sham marriage to one of his long time mistresses, Maria Fitzherbert (1756 - 1837). The marriage was declared null and void as it had not passed the Royal Marriage Act by way of approval by King George III. Because of this sham marriage he was ordered to marry Caroline of Brunswick - (1768 - 1821) on the 7th of April 1795, a marriage that was ill matched and lasted just over a year.

Caroline was born on the 17th of May 1768 at Braunschweig in Germany and was the daughter of Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick and his wife Princess Augusta of Britain, the sister of King George III. It has been said that the royal couple had sex just three times, so loathed was George towards his new wife, but three times was enough to produce a daughter,Charlotte (1796 - 1817) who became heir to the throne of Britain. After the birth of the princess, Caroline left the royal court, and the couple never lived together again. Princess Caroline also remained unmarried, as the royal couple had never divorced, but had indulged in many affairs, and eventually left Britain, only to return upon George's accession to the throne, but he refused to recognise Caroline as his Queen. On the night of King George's coronation, the 21st of July 1821, Caroline was taken ill in her bedchamber. She was ill for three weeks before dying on the 7th of August from an unspecified illness of which Caroline had been sure was poisoning. After her death her body was taken back to her native Brunswick in Germany for burial.

Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales was born at Carlton House in London on the 7th of January 1796. She was the only legitimate child of George, the Prince Regent and his wife Caroline of Brunswick. On the second of May 1816 she married Prince Leopold of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld, the future king of Belgium, at a ceremony at Carlton House in London. Eighteen months after her marriage she delivered a stillborn son on the 5th of November 1817 and died the next day on the 6th of November at the age of 21. Charlotte was a well loved princess and her untimely death caused the whole country to go into mourning, especially as her and her son's death had meant the deaths of the next two heirs to the throne. Charlotte was buried at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle on the 19th of November as vast crowds of the public lined the streets. MARIA FITZHERBERT George is believed to have conducted at least seven affairs during his lifetime and fathered at least two, possibly four, illegitimate children.

His mistresses were actress Mary Robinson, socialite Grace Dalrymple Elliot (1754 - 1823), with whom he had one daughter, Georgina Seymour (1782 -1813), political hostess Lady Elisabeth Lamb, Viscountess Melbourne (1750 - 1818), with whom he had one son, George (1784 - 1834), high flier Frances Villers, the Countess of Jersey (1753 - 1821), courtier Lady Isabella Ingram Seymour Conway, the Marchioness of Hertford (1759 - 1834) and courtier Lady Elizabeth Conyngham (1769 - 1861). However his longest and most high profile affair was with the twice widowed, Maria Fitzherbert (1756 - 1837) with whom he possibly had two daughters. Maria Anne Smythe was born on the 26th of July 1756 at Tong in Shropshire and was the daughter of Walter Smythe and his wife Mary Anne Errington.

At the age of 21, in July 1775, Maria married landowner Edward Weld but would be widowed just three months later when Edward was killed after a fall from his horse. Sometime in 1778 Maria married for a second time, to landowner Thomas Fitzherbert. This union produced one son who died in infancy. Again Maria was soon to be widowed when Thomas died just three years later in May 1781. Maria then moved to London as Thomas had left her a town house in Park Street. Maria met George the Prince of Wales in London in 1784 and was pursued relentlessly by him. She entered into a secret and illegal marriage with him at a ceremony performed at her home in Park Street on the 15th of December 1785. When George had to formally marry Caroline of Brunswick in 1794 he informed Maria that their affair was over by letter.They were never reconciled as lovers again, despite the fact that George and Caroline's marriage was over within months and Pope Pius VII had declared their marriage valid in 1798.

However it would seem that despite taking many lovers throughout his lifetime, George never forgot Maria, as just before his death he asked to be buried with a miniature of Maria around his neck, old love letters between the couple had also been found in his bedchamber. When the king's brother the Duke of Clarence found out about their obvious love for one another he offered Maria a ducal title, but she refused asking only that she may be allowed to wear widow's weeds. Maria died on the 27th of March 1837 at Stein House in Brighton. She was later buried at St John the Baptist Church in Kemp Town, Brighton. It has never been verified if Maria bore George any children during their nine year affair, although there have been rumours that she was seen to be pregnant at least once during that time frame. Some historians are of the belief that she bore him two daughters which were apparantly adopted by two Scottish families, a Mary Ann Stafford - Jerningham and a Mary Georgina Emma Dawson - Damer.

This rumour has further been substantiated after papers were found after her death which read - This paper is addressed to my two dear children, whom I have loved with the affection any mother could do, and I have done the utmost in my power for their interests and comfort. WILLIAM IV William was the third born child of King George III and his wife Queen Charlotte. He was born at Buckingham House, now known as Buckingham Palace, on the 21st of August, 1765. With the death of King George IV and the tragic death of his daughter Charlotte in childbirth in 1817, there was no heir presumptive to follow him onto the throne. The accession was therefore handed over to his younger brother Prince William, Duke of Clarence, who came to the throne at the age of sixty four after a coronation at Westminster Abbey on the 8th of September 1831. After a successful naval career his reign is best remembered by his political reforms of the day, of which he took an avid interest, by way of overseeing updates of the poor laws, restrictions on child labour, the abolition of slavery and a reformation of the electoral system. William was also the last British monarch to appoint a British prime minister.

King William IV died at Windsor Castle on the twentieth of June 1837 from heart failure and was buried at the castle's St George's Chapel on the eighth of July 1837. DOROTHY JORDAN George's ' real ' family was with his long time mistress, the Irish actress Dorothea Jordan (1761 - 1816), with whom he had ten children, all of whom were recognised and all of whom were titled. His twenty year relationship with Dorothea lasted from 1791 until they separated in 1811. The Duke took over the care of the boys and Dorothea was given a yearly stipend to look after the girls, provided she did not go back onto the stage, but due to family problems in 1814 Dorothea was forced back onto the stage to pay off a family debt. When the Duke heard of this he took away both her daughters and her stipend. To avoid the wrath of creditors Dorothea went to Paris, where she died in 1816, apparently living in abject poverty. Their ten children were all given the surname of FitzClarence.

Fitz, which means son or daughter of a royal and Clarence which was the Duke's honorary title from birth. Their children were: George Fitzclarence - 1794 - 1842. Henry Fitzclarence - 1795 - 1817. Sophia Fitzclarence - 1796 - 1837. Mary Fitzclarence - 1798 - 1864.Fredrick Fitzclarence - 1799 - 1854. Elisabeth Fitzclarence - 1801 - 1856. Adolphus Fitzclarence - 1802 - 1856. Augusta Fitzclarence - 1803 - 1865. Augustus Fitzclarence - 1805 - 1854 and Amelia Fitzclarence - 1807 - 1858. Several of these children went on to produce some very notable descendants, the most famous of which would be future British, Prime Minister David Cameron.

ADELAIDE OF SAXE - MEINENGEN William did eventually marry on the eleventh of July 1818, in a double wedding ceremony with his brother Edward the Duke of Kent and his bride Princess Victoria of Leiningen, at a ceremony held at Kew Palace in Surrey. William married Adelaide of Saxe - Meiningen (1792 - 1849 ). She was born on the 13th of August 1792 in Thuringia, Germany and was the daughter of George I, Duke of Saxe - Meiningen and his wife Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe - Langenburg. Their marriage, although one of convenience due to the duke's mounting debts, did become a happy and devoted union on both sides. They produced five children during their marriage but non of them would live longer than four months, they were - Princess Charlotte of Clarence, who was born and died in March of 1819. A stillborn son delivered in September 1819. Princess Elisabeth of Clarence who lived between December 1820 and March 1821. And stillborn twin boys who were delivered in April 1822.

Adelaide was loved by the British people and very well respected both at court and by the British parliament. She was religious, modest and charitable, and the whole nation mourned with her upon the tragic loss of all her babies. Adelaide was honoured by way of having the South Australian capital city of Adelaide named after her upon it's founding in 1836. Adelaide died of natural causes on the second of December 1849 at the age of fifty seven and was later interred in St Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle, alongside her husband who had died eight years previously in 1837. VICTORIA With the death of King William in 1837 the British monarchy was left for a second generation without an heir presumptive. This time the royal accession was bestowed upon the eighteen year old daughter of the fourth son of King George III, the eighteen year old Princess Victoria. Victoria was born on the 24th of May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London, the only child of Augustus, Duke of Kent and his wife Princess Victoria of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld. Her father the Duke died just a few months after her birth from pneumonia.

After a lonely and closeted childhood at the hands of her dominant, widowed mother Victoria was crowned queen at the age of nineteen at Westminster Abbey on the 28th of June 1838 and went on to reign for sixty three years, seven months and two days. During her reign she oversaw four assassination attempts, the deaths of three of her children, the tenure of twenty prime ministers and witness to more historical, scientific, medical, industrial, political and social reforms than any other British monarch. Her love affair and subsequent marriage to her consort, Prince Albert would become legendary, as would her life's work and historical achievements. No other monarch has had more written about her, more statues dedicated to her, more places named after her or more research done into her life, than Victoria, and she is hailed as the world's most famous ever royal, instantly recognised by all throughout the world. Victoria was widowed in 1861, and went into mourning for the rest of her life, although it is recorded that she did have several male friendships during that time, but whether any of them were romantic relationships is unclear, all that is known is that she definitely had certain male favourites.

Her death in 1901 saw the end of the Royal Dynasty of the Royal House of Hanover and the end of Britain's most prolific and historical royal era. She died of a stroke at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight on the 22nd of January 1901 at the age of eighty one and was interred alongside her husband Prince Albert at the Frogmore Mausoleum in Home Park situated in Windsor Great Park, near Windsor Castle. She was succeeded by her son Prince Edward, who was the first and only monarch of the Royal House of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha. ALBERT OF SAXE - COBURG AND GOTHA Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha - (1819 – 1861) on the 10th of February 1840 at the Chapel Royal in St James' Palace in London. Albert was born on the 26th of August 1819 at Rosenau Castle in Coburg, Germany and was the son of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha and his wife Princess Louise of Saxe Gotha and Altenberg.

During his marriage to Victoria Albert was renowned for his many public roles which included helping to make sweeping reforms in education, welfare, royal finances and slavery. Albert was also passionate about the arts and sciences, leading to his presidency of the Royal Commission for the Great Exhibition of 1851 at Crystal Palace (1850 - 1936) pictured below. He died on the 14th of December 1861 in the Blue Room at Windsor Castle after a recent trip to Cambridge to visit his son Prince Edward the Prince of Wales who had recently been involved in a love scandal with a woman of low repute, which the Queen and Prince Albert feared could have led to financial recriminations. Prince Albert died from what was thought to be typhoid fever at the time of his death, but further research by modern historians are of the impression, due to his last two years of waning health, that he probably died from a chronic illness or even a type of cancer. Due to this Queen Victoria for ever blamed her son for the death of her husband, completely banishing him from her life until her final days when she finally spoke to him and hugged him on her death bed at Osbourne House.

Prince Albert was originally interred at St Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle, then removed to the mausoleum at Frogmore a year later, after Victoria had had the mausoleum commissioned and built in his honour. Victoria and Albert's union produced nine children, one of whom would become the King Of Great Britain and another would become the Empress of Germany. Their children were: Victoria, The Princess Royal - (1840 - 1901) - Who married Fredrick III, Emperor of Germany. They had eight children; Wilhelm – (1859 – 1941). Charlotte – (1860 – 1919). Henry – (1862 – 1929). Sigismund – (1864 – 1866). Viktoria – (1866 – 1929). Waldemar – (1868 – 1879). Sophie – (1870 – 1932) and Margaret – (1872 – 1954).

Albert Edward, The Prince of Wales - (1841 - 1910) - Future King Edward VII of England.Married Alexander, Princess of Denmark and produced nine children. Alice - (1843 - 1878) - She married Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and had seven children; Victoria – (1863 – 1950). Elizaveta – (1864 – 1918). Irene – (1866 – 1953). Ernest – (1868 – 1937). Friedrick – (1870 – 1873). Alexander – (1872 – 1918) and Marie – (1874 – 1878). Alfred, Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha - 1844 -1900 - Who married Maria Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess of Russia. They had five children; Alfred – (1874 – 1899). Marie – (1875 – 1938).

Victoria Melita – (1876 –1936). Alexandra – (1878 – 1942) and Beatrice (1884 -1966). Helena - (1846 - 1923) - She married Prince Christian of Schleswig Holstein. and produced four children; Christian – (1867 – 1900). Albert – (1869 – 1931). Helena – (1870 – 1948) and Marie – (1872 – 1956). Louise - (1848 - 1939) - She married John Campbell, the Duke of Argyll. They had no issue. Arthur, Duke of Connaught - (1850 - 1942) - He married Princess Loiuse Margaret of Prussia and had three children; Margaret – (1882 – 1920). Arthur – (1883 – 1938) and Patricia – (1886 – 1974).

Leopold, Duke of Albany - (1853 - 1884) - He married Princess Helena of Waldeck & Pyrmont. They had two children; Alice – (1883 – 1981), who when she died at the age of 97 in 1981 became the oldest ever member of the British Royal Family, a record which still stands to this day. Charles Edward – (1884 – 1954). Beatrice - (1857 - 1944) - She married Prince Henry of Battenberg and had four children; Alexander – (1886 – 1960). Victoria – (1887 – 1969). Leopold – (1889 – 1922) and Maurice – (1891 – 1914). Britannia: Monarchs of Britain George IV (1820-30 AD) ................................................................ George IV, eldest son of George III and Charlotte, was born August 12, 1762.

He secretly married his first wife, the Catholic widow Maria Fitzherbert, in 1785 without his father's permission. The marriage was declared illegal at his father's behest; had the marriage been allowed to continue, George would have been ineligible to reign with a Catholic wife. In 1795, he married again, this time to his cousin Caroline of Brunswick, who bore him one daughter, Charlotte. He died on June 26, 1830 after a series of strokes brought on a hemorrhage in his stomach. George IV was the antithesis of his father: conservative in his infrequent political involvement and licentious in affairs of the heart. Although he was scandalous with his mistresses and extravagant in his spending, he was a patron of the arts who left many wonderful artifacts for posterity. He had his father's immense book collection donated as the foundation of the British Museum Library and his penchant for building projects inspired the "Regency" style of architecture. His extravagances, however, came at a time of social distress and general misery following the Napoleonic Wars and the tremendous changes brought forth by the industrial revolution. George's amorous nature was highly controversial.

As Prince Regent, he had many mistresses until he secretly married Maria. After her dismissal from court, George again turned to mistresses until he submitted to his father's wishes by marrying Caroline. The couple detested each other and their marriagewas barely intact when their daughter was born in 1796. Caroline took the child and moved to Italy, returning to England when George succeeded his father, and then only to claim the rights of queen. George managed to have her barred from his coronation, denying her queenship. George was an enigma: bright, witty and able on the one hand, indolent, spoiled, and lazy on the other. The Duke of Wellington described him as such: "He was the most extraordinary compound of talent, wit, buffoonery, obstinacy, and good feelings, in short, a medley of the most opposite qualities, with a great preponderance of good - that I ever saw in any character in my life." BBC - History - George IV z George IV © Famous for his dissolute lifestyle and his Royal Pavilion in Brighton, George became prince regent in 1811 and king in 1820.

George was born on 17 August 1762, the eldest son of George III and Queen Charlotte. The Hanoverian kings were notorious for having bad relations with their heirs, and George III and his son were no exception. George's extravagant lifestyle caused his father to regard him with contempt. In 1785, George secretly and illegally married a Roman Catholic, Maria Fitzherbert. In 1795, he was officially married to Princess Caroline of Brunswick, in exchange for parliament paying his debts. The marriage was a disaster and George tried unsuccessfully to divorce her after his accession. In 1811, George became regent after his father was declared insane. He was able to indulge his love for parades and spectacle after the final defeat of Napoleon by Britain and her allies in 1815. George became king in 1820. He visited Hanover in 1821 and his visit to Scotland the following year was the first by a British monarch since 1650. His interest in government was sporadic and he enjoyed varied relations with his ministers.

Although he had courted Whig politicians in his youth, this was mainly to annoy his father, and he became increasingly pro-Tory. He intrigued against the Earl of Liverpool, prime minister from 1820 to 1827, but approved of George Canning, who became foreign secretary in 1822 and prime minister in 1827. In 1829 George was forced by his ministers, much against his will, to agree to Catholic Emancipation. Throughout his adult life, George was an important artistic patron, acquiring an impressive collection of art and patronising architects and designers, most notably at Brighton. He first visited the seaside town in 1783, returning frequently and from 1815 developing the Royal Pavilion in an exotic combination of Indian and Chinese styles. In the last years of his life George had little involvement in government and spent his time in seclusion at Windsor Castle. He died on 26 June 1830. His only child, Princess Charlotte had died in childbirth in 1817, so the crown passed to George's brother who became William IV.

Maria Fitzherbert | British consort | Britannica.com Maria Fitzherbert Alternative Titles: Maria Anne Fitzherbert, Mary Anne Smythe Maria Fitzherbert Maria Fitzherbert, in full Maria Anne Fitzherbert, née Mary Anne Smythe (born July 1756, Brambridge?, Hampshire, England —died March 29, 1837, Brighton , Sussex), secret wife of the prince of Wales, the future George IV of Great Britain. Maria Fitzherbert. Photos.com/Jupiterimages Of an old Roman Catholic family, she was educated at a French convent. Her first marriage, in 1775, was to Edward Weld, who died within a year, and her second, in 1778, was to Thomas Fitzherbert, who died in 1781, leaving her fairly wealthy. Within two years she had become a prominent figure in London society and ultimately attracted the passionate love of the prince of Wales.

For state reasons a regular marriage was impossible: the Act of Settlement (1689) entailed his forfeiture of the succession if he married a Roman Catholic, apart from the fact that the Royal Marriage Act of 1772 made any marriage illegal without the king’s consent, which was out of the question. From Fitzherbert’s Roman Catholic point of view, any formal marriage ceremony would be ecclesiastically and sacramentally binding. The two were thus secretly married by the Reverend R. Burt, a clergyman of the Church of England, on December 15, 1785. The prince subsequently took up residence near Fitzherbert in both Brighton and London. In 1787, in the course of debates over sums to be granted to alleviate the prince’s debts (the prince was notoriously extravagant), Charles James Fox declared, as on the prince’s own authority, that the rumour of the marriage was a malicious falsehood. Others contributed to the denial, but Fitzherbert, who at first thought of severing her relation with the prince, forgave him.

Seven years later, in June 1794, the prince brutally broke off with her, partly because of his liaisons with other women and partly because of his forthcoming marriage to Princess Caroline (the marriage with Fitzherbert of course being illegal in English law). Sometime later Fitzherbert obtained a formal decision from the pope pronouncing her to be the prince’s wife and sanctioning her to take him back. They drifted together again for what she would later call the happiest years of her life. They broke off the final time about 1808, as the prince became more dissolute. Nevertheless, on his death nearly a quarter of a century later, her miniature portrait was found around his neck. Learn More in these related articles: Royalty.nu - King George IV and Regency England George IV (the Prince Regent) George IV: The Rebel Who Would Be King by Christopher Hibbert. A detailed picture of the king's life, including his exorbitant spending on homes, clothes, and women; his patronage of the arts; his illegal first marriage; and his witty one-liners. Prince of Pleasure: The Prince of Wales and the Making of the Regency by Saul David.

Points out that despite the ridicule he endured over his scandalous private life, George IV was a man of intelligence and influence. Prinny and His Pals: George IV and the Remarkable Gift of Royal Friendship by Tom Ambrose. For all his faults, George IV may have been the most humane and amusing British monarch, delighting the finest minds of his generation and easily winning over his subjects and family. George IV: Inspiration of the Regency by Stephen Parissien. Biography that presents George IV as a father of modern celebrity. He is set against the cultural backdrop of his age, the Regency, showing how his legacy still affects our view of the British monarchy. George IV: The Rebel Who Would Be King by Christopher Hibbert. Comprehensive biography of this sophisticated but unpopular prince. George IV by E. A. Smith. Although the king has been portrayed as incompetent, this biography says that was not the case. George IV by Michael De-La-Noy. A biography. The Letters of King George IV, 1812-1830 by George IV. A selection from letters and documents preserved at Windsor.

For the King's Pleasure by Hugh Roberts is about the furnishing and decoration of George IV's apartments at Windsor Castle. Includes 486 color illustrations. The Mistresses of King George IV by M. J. Levy relates the history of George's many scandalous affairs. The Countess: The Scandalous Life of Frances Villiers, Countess of Jersey by Tim Clarke. Mistress of future king George IV, the countess enraged the country and threatened the monarchy, blackening the prince's reputation for posterity. The Courtesan's Revenge: Harriette Wilson, the Woman Who Blackmailed the King by Frances Wilson. Biography of Harriette Wilson, a courtesan in Regency England whose conquests included the future King George IV. Perdita: The Literary, Theatrical, Scandalous Life of Mary Robinson by Paula Byrne. Biography of an actress who became the mistress of the Prince of Wales (later King George IV). An Infamous Mistress by Joanne Major and Sarah Murden. Biography of 18th-century courtesan Grace Dalrymple Elliott. A mistress of Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, she was imprisoned during the French Revolution.

She also had an affair with future British king George IV. (The authors have written a related book, A Right Royal Scandal , about the Cavendish-Bentinck family.) Maria Fitzherbert The King's Wife: George IV and Mrs Fitzherbert by Valerie Irvine. Account of the future King George IV's secret and illegal marriage to a Roman Catholic, Maria Fitzherbert. Maria Fitzherbert: The Secret Wife of George IV by James Munson. England's King George IV was secretly married to a Catholic woman, a fact which could have cost him the throne. This biography portrays Mrs. Fitzherbert as a strong, down-to-earth woman. Princess Charlotte of Wales Charlotte & Leopold: The True Story of The Original People's Princess by James Chambers. Biography of the Prince Regent's daughter Charlotte, who was heir to the British throne in the early 19th century. She married the future Belgian king Leopold I, but their love story was ended by Charlotte's tragic early death, which caused a great public outpouring of grief. Caroline & Charlotte: The Regent's Wife and Daughter, 1795-1821 by Alison Plowden.

According to the author, Caroline and Charlotte lived their lives surrounded by characters who might have been lifted from a Gothic novel. Daughter of England by Dorothy Margaret Stuart. A study of Princess Charlotte of Wales and her family. This book is out of print and difficult to obtain, but sometimes available on Amazon.com. Prinny's Daughter: A Life of Princess Charlotte of Wales by Thea Holme. Autobiography of Miss Cornelia Knight: Volume 1 by Ellis Cornelia Knight, edited by John Kaye. Appointed in 1813 to the household of Princess Charlotte of Wales, daughter of the Prince Regent, Cornelia Knight was dismissed with the princess's other attendants in 1814. Volume 2 is also available. In Royal Fashion by Kay Staniland. The clothes of Princess Charlotte and Queen Victoria, 1796-1901. All You Need Is Hate All You Need Is Hate October 8, 2015 by okk5026 Leave a Comment This week, we’re going to travel over 230 years into the future from the time period of our last post to the year 1795.

In the interim, much happened to England and its royal family; or, I should say, families. Protestantism became England’s dominant religion. After Queen Elizabeth I died childless, her cousin, King James VI of Scotland succeeded her. Scotland was therefore ruled together with England, as well as with Wales and Ireland, which England had ruled for centuries. The Act of Union of 1707 formed the entity of Great Britain. Several monarchs later, James’ royal house, the Stuarts, ended when Queen Anne died with no surviving children. Her closest non-Catholic relative (Catholics were barred from the throne) was George, the Prince-Elector of Hanover in what is now Germany. In 1714, he ascended the throne as King George I, establishing the British royal House of Hanover. His great-grandson, King George III (yes, the one we hate here in the United States), ruled from 1760 to 1820. His son and heir, who eventually became King George IV, is my subject this week.

Young George was not a conventionally attractive young man, but women loved him, and not just for his position as Prince of Wales: he was charming, witty, and sociable. He loved to drink, run up huge debts, and befriend the more radical politicians of the day. When he was 21, George fell in love with the Catholic commoner named Maria Fitzherbert , who was six years older than him and had been widowed twice. All of these traits made her the farthest thing from marriage material for a future monarch, and her religion could even bar George from the throne if he married her. Despite these facts, they married in secret in 1785, but the marriage was legally void, as George III had not given his approval. George’s debts deeply upset his father, George III, who sometimes went through periods of derangement and mental instability, likely caused by a blood disease called porphyria . By 1794, the Prince of Wales was so deeply in debt that he had to officially move in with Maria to save money. George III promised to pay his debts if he would marry a suitable foreign royal woman: his German cousin Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

George agreed, even though he loved Maria and felt that she was his true wife. In March 1795, Caroline came to England for the wedding. From the first meeting things went poorly. Caroline found George to be fat and not as handsome as his portrait. George and his courtiers had a veritable litany of complaints about the intended bride: she was unattractive and unhygienic, had poor manners, was not discreet, seemed to place no value on morality, and had no tolerance for Maria and George’s mistresses. Although they greatly disliked each other, the marriage went ahead on April 8th, 1795. George was so drunk that he had to be physically supported at the altar. Caroline and George had one of the least romantic wedding nights of all time. He claimed in a letter to a friend that they were intimate twice that night; Caroline said that afterwards, George drunkenly collapsed in front of the fireplace and she left him there. The next night, they were apparently intimate again, for the last time. George’s goal in getting married was twofold: first, he had to pay his debts, and second, he had to produce an heir, as he would eventually become king.

He achieved both of these things: Parliament increased his income, and almost nine months to the day after the wedding, Caroline gave birth to a daughter, Princess Charlotte. George and Caroline separated after Charlotte’s birth. Caroline took to traveling Europe and taking lovers, and George lived the same lifestyle he had led before the marriage. In 1811, George became Regent for his father, who was sinking into insanity. Nine years later, after George III’s death, George became king. Caroline, with whom he rarely spoke, came back from Europe to assert her place as queen consort: during George’s coronation, she banged on the doors of Westminster Abbey, shouting to be let in. George refused to recognize her as queen, forbade her from being addressed as such, and removed her name from the Book of Common Prayer, which mentioned the monarch as the Head of the Church of England. Caroline became sick soon after the coronation and died just weeks later; in her last days she claimed that she had been poisoned. George was not upset by her death, and Charlotte, who was not close to her mother, was not either.

The “Princess” of Clarence Street | SoHo London Ontario The “Princess” of Clarence Street Posted on by Alice Gibb The little frame duplex at 104 Clarence Street, near the London Soap Factory monument, doesn’t look like it once housed royalty. But in the 1860s, London folklore states this humble home was known locally as “the Castle.” This was the home of Lavinia Hermione Gertrude Amanda Pemberton (Guelph), daughter (?) of King George IV and wife of Charles Wetherbee. At least that is what is inscribed on “Princess” Amanda’s tombstone in Mount Pleasant Cemetery. The wording on the tombstone was dictated by the lady herself, before her death on January 25, 1867. In the 1950s, the aging tombstone with its claim of buried royalty was repaired by the cemetery board. “Princess” Amanda could be called London’s “mystery lady.” She claimed to be the daughter of King George IV (1760-1830), whose full title was George Augustus Frederick Hanover. It was originally assumed that Amanda’s mother must have been the English beauty, Mrs.

Maria Fitzherbert. The king and the twice-widowed Mrs. Fitzherbert contracted a secret marriage in 1785. Because Mrs. Fitzherbert was Catholic, this was a morganatic marriage, meaning that the marriage was not recognized by King George III or the British Parliament. Certainly it is a matter of historical fact that Mrs. Fitzherbert was the King’s mistress until 1811. Documents opened in 1905 revealed that Maria Fitzherbert may indeed have been the first wife of the monarch – and may have given birth to two daughters during that marriage. The future “Princess” Amanda, as confirmed by London, Ontario historian Les Bronson, was raised by Lord Pemberton and his family, when her mother died shortly after Amanda’s birth. That fact alone seems to rule out that her mother was Mrs. Fitzherbert. At age 16, Amanda married Frederick Theodore St. Felix, a government secretary in one of the British colonies in South Africa, and the son of a distinguished British family. The couple had two daughters – one died at a young age, and the other remained in Africa to be raised by another member of the St. Felix family.

Princess Amanda and her husband immigrated to the United States, where Felix died. In the 1850s, Amanda married her second husband, Charles Wetherbee. Little is known about Mr. Wetherbee. The couple originally lived in the southern United States. The “princess” later claimed that she had returned to England in 1856 to visit Lady Pemberton, her foster mother, on her deathbed. Apparently this was when Amanda was told of her royal birth – but on the promise that she would not reveal this until Queen Victoria’s death. If her London, Ontario neighbors knew that she was a princess, then Amanda obviously did not honor that promise. Amanda Wetherbee would also later claim that she had visited Queen Victoria in person on her visit to England. Clarence Street neighbors described the princess as an “accomplished lady of very kind and gentle disposition.” She was said to be “poor, haughty, high spirited” and the possessor of a scant but costly wardrobe. The couple had first settled in the Nilestown area, east of London, during the American Civil War, and then moved to the Forest City. Shortly after his wife’s death, Charles Wetherbee left the city.

Genealogists have certainly tried to solve the mystery of Princess Amanda. She was too young at the time of her death (age 46) to have been Mrs. Fitzherbert’s daughter. She might have been the illegitimate daughter of George IV by another woman – the future king certainly had several liaisons with married women. There was a Lord Pemberton and he was a physician to members of the royal family – so he might have adopted the “princess” as a foster daughter. Amanda’s marriages to both St. Croix and Wetherbee are a matter of public record. But because death certificates were not mandatory until the late 1800s in Ontario, historians are missing vital information about her parents’ names and her date of birth. But do we really want to prove that Lavinia Hermione Gertrude Amanda Guelph was just another SoHo housewife? Isn’t it more romantic to believe that SoHo was once the temporary home of two different British Royals? What other neighborhood in the Forest City can make that claim?

Regency History: Mrs Fitzherbert (1756-1837) Mrs Fitzherbert (1756-1837) from The Creevey Papers (1904) Profile Maria Fitzherbert (26 July 1756 - 27 March 1837) was the secret wife of George, Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Early life Maria Fitzherbert was born Maria Ann Smythe on 26 July 1756, the eldest daughter of William Smythe and Mary Ann Errington. She came from a respectable family: William was the son of Sir John Smythe, Baronet, of Acton Burnel in Shropshire and her mother was related to the Earl of Sefton. She was strictly reared as a Roman Catholic and her education was completed in France. Twice widowed In July 1775, Maria married Edward Weld, a wealthy Catholic landowner of Lulworth Castle , who was sixteen years her senior. The marriage did not last long; Weld died after falling from his horse just a few months later, having failed to sign a new will in Maria's favour.

Lulworth Castle In 1778, she married again, this time to Thomas Fitzherbert of Swynnerton in Staffordshire. This marriage was also short-lived; Fitzherbert died from wounds inflicted during the anti-Catholic Gordon Riots in 1780, leaving Maria Fitzherbert a widow for the second time. Lady of fashion Huish described Maria Fitzherbert as a woman of “great accomplishments and beauty”. He continues that she was “unquestionably, a most beautiful woman, but perhaps too much inclined to fullness of figure; and yet it may be said that she was indebted to that prominence of habit for a great portion of her personal loveliness and attraction.” (1) La Belle Assemblée described her thus: “Mrs Fitzherbert is universally acknowledged to be a woman of refinement and elegant manners, of accomplishments equally solid and fascinating, and acquirements of a very high degree in the intellectual scale.” (2) Wife or mistress? In 1783, Maria became the object of royal attentions. George, Prince of Wales became infatuated with her, wanting her to become his mistress but Maria’s devout Catholic beliefs would not allow it.

George decided that marriage was the only way to secure Maria's affections. On 15 December 1785 the Prince of Wales married Mrs Fitzherbert in a secret ceremony conducted by Robert Burt, an impoverished curate who set aside his scruples for the £500 fee. George, Prince of Wales from Memoirs of her late royal highness Charlotte Augusta by Robert Huish (1818) The marriage however was not legal. Not only did it contravene the Act of Settlement of 1701, preventing a Roman Catholic from ascending the British throne, but it breached the Royal Marriage Act of 1772. As a descendant of George II who was under 25 years of age, the prince required the king’s consent for the marriage to be legal; his consent would never have been given, because George III was vehemently opposed to his children marrying either Catholics or commoners, and Maria Fitzherbert was both. Queen of Brighton Brighton Pavilion George and Maria spent much of their time in Brighton where Mrs Fitzherbert was treated as queen. They had separate houses which together formed the heart of fashionable society there.

Mrs Fitzherbert’s house, Steine House, was a modest residence which boasted a long veranda overlooking the Steine; the Prince of Wales lived at Brighton Pavilion . The inconstant prince However, by 1794, George and Maria's relationship was showing signs of strain, and the prince’s affections were wandering towards an older woman, Frances, Countess of Jersey . On 24 August, at Weymouth, George told his father that all connection with Mrs Fitzherbert had ceased and that he was ready to seek a Protestant bride, namely, his cousin, Caroline of Brunswick . By agreeing to this marriage, George hoped to appease parliament so that they would pay the huge debts he had amassed as well as shielding his relationship with Lady Jersey. After their separation, the prince treated Mrs Fitzherbert with callous coldness, although his brothers continued to honour her with respect, especially the Duke of Kent who bought her a house, Castle Hill in Ealing, in 1798. Temporary reconciliation In August 1798, George suddenly sought reconciliation with his former mistress. Maria was understandably sceptical. The prince characteristically sought to wear down her resistance.

He revealed a will he had written in 1796 which left everything to Maria, “my real and true Wife” and showered her with presents. The couple were reunited in June 1800, though their relationship was not on as secure a footing as before. Mrs Fitzherbert from Memoirs of George IV by Robert Huish (1830) By 1807, the prince’s affections were wandering again, this time towards Lady Hertford. Unable to bear any further humiliation, on 18 December 1809, Maria sent George a farewell letter and after 1811, she did not return to the Pavilion until after George's death. However, she was more fortunate than many of George’s other mistresses; she received financial provision by way of a pension. Minney Seymour Mrs Fitzherbert had a young ward who lived with her, Minney Seymour. La Belle Assemblée reported that: “Her conduct towards this young orphan seemed to be affectionate and tender without example.” (2) Life after George After George’s death in 1830, William IV , was anxious to make amends with his brother’s long-term mistress.

He invited Mrs Fitzherbert to the pavilion and offered her the title of Duchess. Although initially disinclined, Mrs Fitzherbert was persuaded and, from this time, her servants wore royal livery and she visited the Pavilion regularly. Maria Fitzherbert died on 27 March 1837 and was buried in Brighton. Notes (1) From Memoirs of George IV by Robert Huish (1830). (2) From La Belle Assemblée (May 1810).

Sources used include: Bell, John, La Belle Assemblée (1810) Chedzoy, Alan, Seaside Sovereign - King George III at Weymouth (2003) Creevey, Thomas, The Creevey Papers, A selection from the correspondence & diaries of the late Thomas Creevey, MP, edited by Sir Herbert Maxwell (John Murray, 1904, London) Dinkel, John, The Royal Pavilion, Brighton Fry, Plantagenet Somerset, The Kings & Queens of England & Scotland (1990) Huish, Robert, Memoirs of George IV (1830) Huish, Robert, Memoirs of her late royal highness Charlotte Augusta (1818) Parissien, Steven, George IV, The Grand Entertainment (2001) Watson, J. Steven, Oxford History of England: The Reign of George III 1760-1815 (1960)

Question: Which future British monarch ‘married’ Maria Fitzherbert in 1785?
Answer: King George IV