King Arthur (2004) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A demystified take on the tale of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 25 titles created 22 Apr 2013 a list of 49 titles created 19 Oct 2013 a list of 28 titles created 30 Jan 2015 a list of 22 titles created 22 Feb 2015 a list of 45 titles created 3 months ago Search for " King Arthur " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 4 wins & 8 nominations.

See more awards » Videos Balian of Ibelin travels to Jerusalem during the crusades of the 12th century, and there he finds himself as the defender of the city and its people. Director: Ridley Scott In 12th century England, Robin and his band of marauders confront corruption in a local village and lead an uprising against the crown that will forever alter the balance of world power. Director: Ridley Scott An American military advisor embraces the Samurai culture he was hired to destroy after he is captured in battle. Director: Edward Zwick Alexander, the King of Macedonia and one of the greatest military leaders in the history of warfare, conquers much of the known world. Director: Oliver Stone Peaceful farmer Benjamin Martin is driven to lead the Colonial Militia during the American Revolution when a sadistic British officer murders his son. Director: Roland Emmerich An adaptation of Homer's great epic, the film follows the assault on Troy by the united Greek forces and chronicles the fates of the men involved. Director: Wolfgang Petersen A Russian and a German sniper play a game of cat-and-mouse during the Battle of Stalingrad. Director: Jean-Jacques Annaud A tale of war and romance mixed in with history.

The story follows two lifelong friends and a beautiful nurse who are caught up in the in the horror of an infamous Sunday morning in 1941. Director: Michael Bay A Special-Ops commander leads his team into the Nigerian jungle in order to rescue a doctor who will only join them if they agree to save 70 refugees too. Director: Antoine Fuqua During the Napoleonic Wars, a brash British captain pushes his ship and crew to their limits in pursuit of a formidable French war vessel around South America. Director: Peter Weir A splinter group of Roman soldiers fight for their lives behind enemy lines after their legion is decimated in a devastating guerrilla attack. Director: Neil Marshall A dramatization of the 20 July assassination and political coup plot by desperate renegade German Army officers against Hitler during World War II. Director: Bryan Singer Edit Storyline Based on a more realistic portrayal of "Arthur" than has ever been presented onscreen. The film will focus on the history and politics of the period during which Arthur ruled -- when the Roman empire collapsed and skirmishes over power broke out in outlying countries -- as opposed to the mystical elements of the tale on which past Arthur films have focused.

Written by Scott Summerton The Untold True Story That Inspired The Legend See more » Genres: Rated PG-13 for intense battle sequences, a scene of sensuality and some language | See all certifications » Parents Guide: 7 July 2004 (USA) See more » Also Known As: King Arthur: Director's Cut See more » Filming Locations: $15,193,907 (USA) (9 July 2004) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia The language spoken by the Woads in the film is a combination of ancient Gaelic and ancient Welsh, as the actual language spoken by the Picts has been lost. See more » Goofs One of the knights flies a hawk in several scenes. The hawk is a Harris' Hawk from the Americas, which had no commerce with Britain until nearly 1000 years later. See more » Quotes [first lines] Lancelot : [voiceover] By 300 AD, the Roman Empire extended from Arabia to Britain. But they wanted more. More land. More peoples loyal and subservient to Rome. But no people so important as the powerful Sarmatians to the east.

Thousands died on that field. And when the smoke cleared on the fourth day, the only Sarmatian soldiers left alive were members of the decimated but legendary cavalry. The Romans, impressed by their bravery and horsemanship, spared their lives. In exchange, these ... [...] See more » Crazy Credits There are no opening credits, not even the production company and studio bumpers, only the title. See more » Connections Hollywood rewrites the history of England yet again. 7 October 2006 | by richard-1490 (United Kingdom) – See all my reviews King Arthur is ( according to Hollywood ) a Roman? This film belongs in the same bin as U-571 when it comes to historical accuracy. The Britons appear as blue painted pixies along the lines of the elves in Lord of the Rings. It appears that the knights of the round table are all dressed in armour from all corners of the globe. Arthur is fully Roman, Lancelot looks like a Persian warrior and the others are dressed like Ghengis Khan. The fight scenes resemble Buffy the Vampire Slayer - Kiera Knightly twirling around Thai-style dealing roundhouse kicks to burly Saxons.

Another fine example of the Americans trying to rewrite the rest of the worlds history. King Arthur is a deep seated British legend and it is insulting that the story should be twisted in this way. If this was done to a minority group there'd be uproar. I'm looking forward when I can fund the making of the true story of George Washington, the one where he was an Iranian cross-dressing child molester. 91 of 141 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes Great war film! Bizarre history angle, but I loved it! Christian C Super Reviewer King Arthur is another mediocre action film by director Antoine Fuqua, who isn't that skilled as a director to begin with. I felt that the films action scenes were well done, but unfortunately that's about it going for it. The plot is under developed, and never really interesting. I think it's a great shame because King Arthur could have been quite an epic film, unfortunately, it isn't. Fuqua's direction is clumsy and unfocused, and the film suffers because of it.

Under a different director, the film could have succeeded, but the film is a mediocre attempt at a historical epic, and the end result is a film that doesn't really make you satisfied. The casting choices for this film are very questionable as well. Aside from Sin City and Shoot Em' Up, I'm not a fan of Clive Owen, and in this film he's pretty bad. So is Keira Knightleey, who usually is a good choice for period pieces, but this isn't a period piece film that she should've starred in. Most of the cast are not right for the part, and Fuqua doesn't know how to craft an action epic, and the flaws are apparent on-screen. The film could have been much better; unfortunately the result is a film that is a badly acted and plot mess that will make you lose interest halfway through the end of the film. King Arthur could almost be seen as a guilty pleasure; however, I think the mediocrity of this film is too much for me to see it that way. I don't view King Arthur as an awful film, but almost. The film could have been much better with a better, much developed storyline and a better cast.

Oh well, don't get overly excited before watching this film, you may end up disappointed, I was. Alex roy Super Reviewer Overblown bastardisation of the King Arthur legend, knee deep in earnest hammy performances, only redeemed by some cracking battle scenes. Gordon Anderson King Arthur Movie Preview, Starring Clive Owen and Stephen Dillane, Directed by Antoine Fuqua Tweet The ill effects of Gladiator are still being felt in Hollywood. Realistic historical representations of mythical heroes are all the rage. King Arthur is the latest legend to get the glossy, "what-if" treatment. This is not your Disney Channel's Sword in the Stone. The presumption made is that Arthur was a very real mercenary leader some 1,500 years ago. His mother was a Brit and his father was a Roman, so the assumption is that he swears fealty to the Empire but has an overt fondness for his mother's people. As it happens, the Romans have been doing some good, old fashioined raping, pillaging and plundering of their northern brethren, the Britons.

During the course of leading his Russian troops (who have picked up the nickname of the Knights of the Round Table somewhere along the way) on some military sweeps, Artie encounters Guinevere, a union jacklyn who despises the Romans. It might have something to do with that pesky torture they performed on her. When Guinny discovers that there is British blood coursing through Art's veins, a clash of cultures ensues as she tries to stir his loyalty for Mother England. Along the way, they will probably fall in love, and he will probably usurp a throne or two. The casting for King Arthur is fascinating. Rumored next James Bond, Clive Owen, is given his chance to prove that he can be an action hero. Keira Knightley, class of 2003 It Girl, follows up her previous Jerry Bruckheimer work in The Pirates of the Carribean: The Curse of the Black Pearl with this outing. In it, she sports an unusually masculine look during the action sequences shown in the trailer. It will be interesting to see how much audiences respond to that ambiguity.

The key players from the roundtable are Ioan Gruffudd, Hugh Dancy, Stephen Dillane and Joel Edgerton play Lancelot, Galahad, Merlin and Gawain respectively. Without going to IMDb (that's cheating!), how many of these people have you heard of? A decision has been made to cast well-pedigreed British thespians in the key roles rather than going with rising Hollywood names. It's an unusual decision, especially considering the budget and the fact that the co-leads aren't exactly household names yet. Trying to make a historically representative account for the legend of King Arthur is obviously a tricky proposition. If you go too far into the mythical aspect, credibility is lost. If you lean too much on the history, the audience stifles a yawn. That's what makes this project such a bold and intriguing mix. Since it's a Jerry Bruckheimer production, we know that it will pack a ton of action and more than a bit of humor. Stuff will also blow up. Contrasting that with the artistic sensibilities of the cast makes this one of the most incongruous films of the summer. Will it be another Pirates of the Carribean or will it be another Reign of Fire?

(David Mumpower/BOP) Vital statistics for King Arthur Main Cast King Arthur (film) : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki More info on King Arthur (film) Wikis Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia King Arthur Gross revenue $203,877,963 ($51,877,963 US/$152,000,000 International) King Arthur is a 2004 film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by David Franzoni . It stars Clive Owen as the title character , Ioan Gruffudd as Lancelot , Keira Knightley as Guinevere , and Ivano Marescotti as Bishop Germanus . The producers of the film claim to present a historically accurate version of the Arthurian legends , supposedly inspired by new archaeological findings.

The accuracy of these claims is subject to debate, but the film is unusual (though this is not a new idea) in representing Arthur as a Roman officer rather than a medieval knight . It was shot in England , Ireland , and Wales . Contents 11 External links Plot Arthur , also known as Artorius Castus ( Clive Owen ), is portrayed as a Roman cavalry officer, the son of a Roman father and a Celtic mother, who leads a military force of Sarmatian auxiliary cavalry in Britain at the close of the Roman occupation in 467 A.D. He and his men guard Hadrian's Wall against the Woads , a Celtic people who resist Roman rule, based on the historical Picts , [1] led by the mysterious Merlin ( Stephen Dillane ). He is not the first Arthur — for generations, his ancestors have manned the Wall, leading Sarmatian auxiliaries.

As the film starts, Arthur and his remaining knights Lancelot ( Ioan Gruffudd ), Bors ( Ray Winstone ), Tristan ( Mads Mikkelsen ), Gawain ( Joel Edgerton ), Galahad ( Hugh Dancy ) and Dagonet ( Ray Stevenson ) are expecting discharge from the service of the Empire after faithfully serving for 15 years (Lancelot's voiceover is heard at the beginning and end of the film, and his entry into service as a youth in 452 A.D. is depicted at the beginning). However they first fight off an attack by the Woads on the Roman escort bringing their discharges. However, on the night they ought to receive their freedom, they are dispatched on a final and possibly suicidal mission by Bishop Germanus ( Ivano Marescotti ) in the freezing winter to rescue the important Roman family of Marius Honorius from impending capture by the invading Saxons , led by their chief Cerdic ( Stellan Skarsgård ) and his son Cynric ( Til Schweiger ).

Marius' son, Alecto, is the Pope 's favorite godson and may be "destined to be Pope one day", according to the Bishop. The knights are charged with this rescue because Rome is withdrawing from Britain, now considered an indefensible outpost. At the remote estate, Arthur explains his mission to Marius, who becomes defensive and refuses to leave his grand home. Marius is revealed to have oppressed his serfs on the pretense of speaking for God. While being shown an elder who has been whipped and left tied up out in the elements for asking Marius for more food for the serfs, Arthur advises that Marius does not speak for God. He frees the elder and tells them all that they were "free from their first breath". Arthur soon discovers Marius has also immured pagans: a Woad , Guinevere ( Keira Knightley ), and a small boy, Lucan. Arthur frees them and decides to take everyone, along with Marius' family, back to Hadrian's Wall. Along the journey, Guinevere tells Arthur of the "fairy tales" she'd heard of him, and Arthur is revealed to be half Celt (on his mother's side).

Arthur resets the fingers in Guinevere's hand. One night, Guinevere takes Arthur to meet with Merlin, the leader of the Woads and her father. At first, Arthur thinks Guinevere has betrayed him, but Merlin has come in peace. It is revealed in flashback that Arthur's mother had died in a Woad attack when he was a boy. Merlin says that he did not wish for Arthur's mother to die; she was of their blood, as is Arthur. Arthur's famous sword, Excalibur , is also shown to be his father's , which marked his father's burial mound . Arthur pulled it from his father's burial mound in an effort to rescue his mother from a burning building. Merlin suggests an alliance between the Woads and the Sarmatian knights. Along the route one dawn, Marius forces a standoff with his own soldiers, taking the boy Lucan hostage. Guinevere uses a bow to shoot Marius dead; his guards stand down and aid the knights in getting all the people to the wall.

Struck by Rome leaving its subjects to the mercy of the Saxons, Arthur is further disillusioned when he learns that Bishop Pelagius , whose teachings about the equality of all men inspired the brotherhood of his Round Table , has been executed as a heretic by order of Bishop Germanus himself. Tristan returns from scouting the area and tells Arthur that a whole Saxon army is on the move. The group soon encounter the Saxons at an ice-covered lake. The knights stay behind to hold up the Saxons and allow the refugees to escape. Greatly outnumbered, Arthur, Guinevere and the knights attempt to repel them with arrows; the battle is won when Dagonet runs to the middle of the ice and breaks it with an axe, at the cost of his life — however, many Saxons are killed. In due course, Arthur and his remaining men forsake Roman citizenship and form an alliance with the Woads to fight the Saxons. In the climactic battle, the Battle of Badon Hill , the Woads catapult flaming missiles at the Saxon army, and when the hosts meet, Guinevere engages in combat with Cynric. Cerdic fights and kills Tristan before facing off with Arthur.

Meanwhile, Cynric disarms Guinevere before Lancelot intervenes and duels Cynric alone. While another Saxon captures Lancelot's attention for a moment, Cynric shoots Lancelot with a Saxon crossbow. Lancelot then throws his sword into Cynric, killing him. Lancelot dies with Guinevere at his side. Arthur kills Cerdic, and the Saxons are defeated. Though Arthur is victorious, the events of the film have led to the loss of his faith in Rome as a bastion of justice. After realizing that the Rome of his ideals exists only in his dreams, Arthur also despairs over the deaths of his men. The film ends with Arthur and Guinevere's marriage. Merlin then proclaims him to be their king. King Arthur, Queen Guinevere, and his remaining knights promise to lead the Britons, united with the defeat of the Saxons and retreat of the Romans, against future invaders. The last scene shows Lancelot, Dagonet and Tristan reincarnated as horses and roaming the lands freely, while Lancelot speaks of the fact that their names will live forever in legend.

Main cast Lorenzo De Angelis - Alecto Production The movie was produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and directed by Antoine Fuqua ; David Franzoni , the writer for Gladiator , wrote the screenplay. The historical consultant for the film was John Matthews , an author known for his books on esoteric Celtic spirituality, some of which he co-wrote with his wife Caitlin Matthews. The research consultant was Linda A. Malcor , co-author of From Scythia to Camelot: A Radical Reinterpretation of the Legends of King Arthur, the Knights of the Round Table, and the Holy Grail where possible non-Celtic sources for the Arthurian legends are explored. The film's main set, a replica of a section of Hadrian's Wall , was the largest film set ever built in Ireland, and was located in a field in Ballymore-Eustace Co.Kildare. The replica was one kilometre long, which took a crew of 300 construction workers four and a half months to build. The fort in the film was based on the Roman fort named Vindolanda , which was built around 80 AD just south of Hadrian's Wall in what is now called Chesterholm , in Northern England.

Relationship with Arthurian legend Advertisements Cinematic versus traditional portrayal Guinevere's warrior persona is closer to the ancient Queen Medb (romanticised above) of the Irish Táin Bó Cúailnge than the Guinevere of Arthurian legend The film's storyline is mostly original, save for the elements of Saxons as Arthur's adversaries and the Battle of Badon Hill. Many traditional elements of Arthurian legend are dropped, such as the Holy Grail and Tristan 's lover Iseult . The film barely includes the love triangle between Arthur, Lancelot and Guinevere ; whilst Guinevere and Arthur are romantically involved, only a few sequences depict a possible relationship between Lancelot and Guinevere. The film does not feature Kay and Bedivere . Along with Gawain , they already appear as Arthur's companions in very early sources, like Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion . The knights' characterisations in Arthurian legend are also dropped. For example, the film's portrayal of a boorish and lusty Bors , the father of many children, differs greatly from his namesake whose purity and celibacy allowed him to witness the Holy Grail.

The cinematic portrayal of Bors is therefore much closer to the traditional depiction of Sir Kay than his legendary namesake. Lancelot and Galahad are portrayed as having similar ages, whereas according to traditional versions they are father and son respectively (the film's approach is also found in modern Arthurian fiction — such as Bernard Cornwell 's The Warlord Chronicles , in which they are brothers). The cinematic portrayal of Guinevere as a Celtic warrior who joins Arthur's knights in battle is a drastic alteration from the demure " damsel in distress " of courtly romance. [2] Although there is historical and mythological precedent for "sword-swinging warrior queens", such as the British Boudica of the Iceni or the various Celtic war goddesses, the film's portrayal of Guinevere is actually closer to the Queen Medb of the Irish Táin Bó Cúailnge . [2] However, no source, early or late, describes Guinevere as either a warrior or a rustic Celt; in fact, in Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae , which contains one of the oldest accounts of the character, Guinevere has Roman blood while Arthur is an indigenous Celt.

Despite the film's historical angle, Merlin was not originally part of the legends. It is generally agreed that he is based on two figures - Myrddin Wyllt (Myrddin the Wild), and Aurelius Ambrosius, a highly fictionalized version of the historical war leader Ambrosius Aurelianus . The former had nothing to do with Arthur and flourished after the Arthurian period. The composite Merlin was created by Geoffrey of Monmouth . Other references to Arthurian legend Dagonet , a self-sacrificing warrior in the film, has Arthur's court jester as his namesake. The character appears in Le Morte D'Arthur and Idylls of the King . Also in the film, Lancelot fights using two swords . This may be a reference to the ill-fated Sir Balin , the "Knight with Two Swords", but this epitaph refers to his cursed sword rather than his fighting style. Tristan has a pet hawk. In Welsh legends, a figure named Gwalchmai is commonly considered identical with Gawain (both are nephews of Arthur); a popular though unlikely proposed meaning of his name is "hawk of May".

[3] The role of traitor, typically ascribed to Mordred , is given a smaller part in the form of a young British scout, played by Alan Devine , who betrays his people to the Saxons. The character is unnamed, but called "British Scout" in the credits. Tristan kills the traitor with an arrow from the other side of Hadrian's Wall during the climactic battle. Historical notes Despite of the film's historically grounded approach, much artistic licence regarding historical figures, peoples, events, religion and weaponry is taken with the plot. As did the earliest versions of the Arthur story, the film places the story of Arthur not in its better-known medieval setting but in the (still plausible) earlier times of antiquity , the early dawn of the Middle Ages. It would appear that the Arthur depicted in the film is based most closely upon Ambrosius Aurelianus , the Romano-Briton who fought against the Saxons in the 5th century, and was probably the leader of the Romano-British at the Battle of Mons Badonicus (Mount Badon).

Nevertheless, Arthur's full name in the film is Artorius Castus, referring to Lucius Artorius Castus , a historical Roman active in Britain in the 2nd or 3rd century. [1] It is specified Arthur was given the ancestral name of a legendary leader. The film is heavily based on the "Sarmatian connection" theory, which holds that the Arthurian legend is based on the activities and legends of Sarmatian heavy cavalry troops, originally from modern-day Russia and Ukraine , in Britain. [1] Some historians such as Kemp Malone and Linda A. Malcor have proposed that Lucius Artorius Castus himself may have led Sarmatian troops and thus became the "original" historical Arthur; however, since this Artorius lived in the second century, the film's Artorius is probably meant to be his descendant. Despite being Sarmatian, the knights retain their French (e.g. Lancelot ) and Celtic-based (e.g. Tristan , original Drustan) names.

Sarmatian cavalrymen did indeed come to Britain in the 2nd century, when 5,500 Iazyges were transported there as auxiliaries during the Marcomannic Wars , [4] but despite the film's suggestions, the evidence for them remaining there until the 5th century is slight. There is slender evidence for the continued importation of Scythian -born immigrants to late Roman Britain. Roman political issues In the film, the Roman legions withdraw from Britain in AD 467; in reality, it was completed in the year 410, nearly 60 years before.[citation needed] Similarly, the opening text dictates that " King Arthur and his Knights rose from a real hero who lived [...] in a period often called the Dark Ages ". The film, however, is set in 467. The Dark Ages actually occurred in Sub-Roman Britain after the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire , Romulus Augustus , was deposed by Odoacer in 476, nine years after the date for the setting of the film. The current Roman Emperor in the film's time would have been Anthemius .

The Roman family which Arthur rescues lives north of Hadrian's Wall . This mission would be unlikely because the Wall represented the extent of Roman rule in Britain, except for brief periods of occupation during the second century AD during which time they got as far north as Falkirk (Central Scotland) where pieces of the Antonine Wall are still visible; particularly in Callandar Park.[citation needed] Romanized client states such as that of the Votadini did exist north of the wall even into the Sub-Roman era . Britons and Saxons The Picts are called " Woads ". [1] [5] This word is a reference to one plant the Picts may have used to make blue paint; [1] however, the use of woad by the Picts is contested by scholars, [4] and the historical Picts were never known by this name. [6] In an interview Antoine Fuqua stated that they used "Wodes" (sic) instead of "Picts" because they thought the latter sounded "a little weird". [7] Nevertheless, John Matthews said in an online article that the name substitution was "meant to echo similar belittling titles given to enemies".

[1] The ninth-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle mentions the arrival of the Saxon leaders Cerdic and Cynric in Britain (at Hampshire ) in 495. [8] According to the Chronicle Cynric succeeded Cerdic as king of Wessex in 534 (Cerdic was the founder of the kingdom). [9] Thus the two could not have died at the battle of Mount Badon . The battle is thought to have been fought sometime between 490 to 516.[citation needed] The Saxons are shown attacking Hadrian's Wall from the north. By 467 the Saxons were already occupying parts of Britain far south of the wall.[citation needed] Later in the film, Cerdic stops a warrior from raping a woman because it would lead to less-than-pure Saxon blood. This scene references the long-held belief that the Anglo-Saxons eradicated the Romano-Britons from the eastern part of the island. This contention, largely based on linguistic evidence, has been challenged by modern genetic analysis, which suggests extensive mixing between Anglo-Saxon and Briton populations.

Some historians (and fiction writers [10] ) have even suggested that Cerdic himself, who bore a Celtic name, was at least part Briton. Military technology Lancelot (Ioan Gruffudd) with a 5th century sword held together by a 20th century hex head screw . Historically, Sarmatians were armored in the manner of cataphracts (full-length coats of scale armor ); [11] [12] the film's Sarmatians are armoured with a mishmash of pseudo-Roman, Turkish, Mongol, and Hunnic designs. The Saxons historically used bows (to a limited extent) and spears instead of crossbows during the period. Though there is evidence for the use of some form of crossbows by Romans (calling them manuballistae ) and, some claim, the Picts [1] , the weapon was still not widely used in England until much later.

Similarly, the Woads use a trebuchet -like weapon to hurl flaming missiles at the Saxons, though the trebuchet was not re-introduced to Britain until the siege of Dover in 1216.[citation needed] The Romans, however, reportedly used an early form of the trebuchet in their sieges.[citation needed] Roman soldiers displayed in the movie are depicted as legionnaires with 2nd century AD armour. By AD 400, legionaries were no longer in use and comitatenses were the new replacements. Religious inaccuracies The real Pelagius opposed Saint Augustine on the theological issue of the relationship between grace and free will . This is indicated by Arthur's asking him a question about free will, and the storyline of Arthur's break with the Catholic Church . However, the film confuses the issue of political freedoms and social choices (which were not issues in political debate in the 5th/6th centuries AD) with the principle of free will in relationship to God. The Pelagian heresy denied original sin with its doctrine of the bondage of the will. [13] Nor was Pelagius executed for heresy in Rome as the film indicates.

Pelagius is believed to have died decades before 467 AD, likely of old age and was not burned at the stake by the ecclesiastical authorities. [13] Archbishop Germanus' second (and last) mission to Britain was twenty years before (447 AD) and he died the following year. [14] Germanus is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and, although portrayed in the film as a cruel and pompous aristocrat, historically he "extended his hospitality to all sorts of persons, washed the feet of the poor and served them with his own hands, while he himself fasted." [15] The movie implies that the Pope (who in 467 was Pope Hilarius ) was in control of the Western Roman Empire , although it was actually ruled by the Emperor and de facto controlled by the Magistri Militum and other regional governors. The Pope would not gain the political power to grant lands and other comparable privileges until centuries after the setting of the film. Anachronisms One of the knights is shown with a falconry -trained Harris hawk (an American species), long before America was known of in Britain.

Promotion Elements of the film's promotion have likewise been criticized as historically unsound. Its tagline "The True Story Behind the Legend" has been criticized as false. [4] [16] A trailer for the film claims that historians now agree that Arthur was a real person because of alleged "recent" archaeological findings, yet there is no consensus amongst historians on Arthur's historicity [4] [17] and no recent archaeological find proves Arthur's existence; the so-called " Arthur stone ", discovered in 1998 in securely dated 6th century contexts amongst the ruins at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall, created a stir but has subsequently been of little use as evidence. [18] [19] Reception The film holds a 31% 'Rotten' rating on Rotten Tomatoes as of January 18, 2009, with 57 positive of 181 reviews. [20] Robin Rowland criticized critics who disliked the film for its Dark Age setting.

[21] Rowland pointed out that several Arthurian novels are set in the Dark Ages, like Rosemary Sutcliff 's Sword at Sunset and Mary Stewart's Merlin trilogy ( The Crystal Cave , The Hollow Hills , and the Last Enchantment ). However, these works have little in common with the film's story and Sarmatian angle. Consultant Linda A. Malcor said: "I think these film-makers did a better job than most could have done when it comes to giving us something besides knights in tin foil and damsels in chiffon. ...[they] deserve a lot of praise for the effort that they made." [16] Fellow Arthurian scholar Geoffrey Ashe 's opinion was negative. [16] Director's cut An unrated director's cut of the film has been released; it has extra footage of battle scenes as well as more scenes between Lancelot and Guinevere, whose traditional love triangle with Arthur is only hinted at here. Several scenes are also omitted from the director's cut, including one where the knights sit around a camp fire asking about their intended Sarmatian life, in which Bors reveals that his children do not even have names, most simply have numbers.

In addition, a sex scene between Guinevere and Arthur is shifted to be chronologically before he is informed of the incoming Saxons towards Hadrian's Wall. This seemingly minor change arguably helps the story flow more smoothly. In the original film he is seen in full battle armor, contemplating a broken image of Pelagius on his floor, and then is disturbed by a call to come outside. When he comes outside, he is hastily putting on a shirt, and his hair is disheveled. In the Director's Cut, after an intimate moment between Arthur and Guinevere explaining Arthur's morals, they carry on into their sexual encounter, and are thus disturbed so that Arthur can be briefed on the Saxons. During the sexual encounter, he is wearing the same outfit he wears during the briefing. The scene where he is examining Pelagius's image is removed. The DVD release also features the film's original ending, which deals with the aftermath of Badon. The more upbeat ending in the theatrical release, including the marriage of Arthur and Guinevere, was shot after test audiences responded poorly to the original. Marketing After the premier of the film, Keira Knightley's breasts were enlarged in the US poster.

[22] After the poster was released, she said that she is sick of seeing her face over a pair of computer enhanced breasts that are not hers in every poster for every film that she stars in; and that, "this decision comes from a market research that clearly shows that other women refuse to look at famous actresses and stars with small breasts." Later in 2006, Knightley claimed she is 'not allowed to be on a magazine cover in the US without at least a C cup because it "turns people off"'. [23] See also Lancelot [to Gawain] Wondering at your good fortune that all your children look like me? Arthur. This is not Rome's fight. It is not your fight. All these long years we've been together, the trials we've faced, the blood we've shed... What was it all for, if not for the reward of freedom? And now when we are so close! When it is finally within our grasp - look at me! Does it all count for nothing? [voiceover] For two hundred years knights have fought and died for a land not our own.

But on that day at Badon Hill, all who fought put our lives in service of a greater cause: Freedom. And as for the knights who gave their lives, their deaths were cause for neither mourning nor sadness. For they live forever, their names and deeds handed down from father to son, mother to daughter, in the legends of King Arthur and his knights. Arthur O merciful God, I have such need of Your mercy now. Not for myself, but for my knights, for this is truly their hour of need. Deliver them from their trials ahead and I will pay You a thousand fold with any sacrifice You ask of me. And if in Your wisdom, You should determine that sacrifice must be my life for theirs; so that they can once again taste the freedom that is so long been denied to them, I will gladly make that covenant. My death will have a purpose. I ask no more than that. What, that some men are born to be slaves? No, that isn't true. Deeds in themselves are meaningless unless they are done for some higher purpose. We have waged a war to protect a Rome that doesn't exist. Is that the deed I am to be judged by?

Pelagius told me once there is no worse death than the end of hope. You be my friend now and do not dissuade me. Seize the freedom you have earned and live it for the both of us. I cannot follow you, Lancelot. I now know that all the blood I have shed, all the lives I have taken have led me to this moment. Knights! The gift of freedom is yours by right. But the home we seek resides not in some distant land. It's in us! And in our actions on this day! If this be our destiny, then so be it. But let history remember that as free men, we chose to make it so. Let every man, woman, child bear witness that from this day, all Britons will be united in one common cause. Others Merlin: That sword you carry is made of iron from this earth, forged in the fires of Britain. It was love of your mother that freed the sword, not hatred of me. Love, Arthur. Jols: Arthur says for men to be men, they must first all be equal.

Taglines king arthur film : definition of king arthur film and synonyms of king arthur film (English) 13 External links Plot Arthur, also known as Artorius Castus (Clive Owen), is portrayed as a Roman cavalry officer, the son of a Roman father and a Celtic mother, who commands a unit of Sarmatian auxiliary cavalry in Britain at the close of the Roman occupation in 467 A.D. He and his men guard Hadrian's Wall against the ' Woads ', a group of native Britons who are rebels against Roman rule, led by the mysterious Merlin ( Stephen Dillane ). He is not the first Arthur — for generations, his ancestors have manned the Wall, leading Sarmatian auxiliaries.

As the film starts, Arthur and his remaining knights Lancelot (Ioan Gruffudd), Bors ( Ray Winstone ), Tristan ( Mads Mikkelsen ), Gawain ( Joel Edgerton ), Galahad ( Hugh Dancy ) and Dagonet ( Ray Stevenson ) are expecting discharge from the service of the Empire after faithfully serving for 15 years (Lancelot's voiceover is heard at the beginning and end of the film, and his entry into service as a youth in AD 452 is depicted at the beginning). They fight off an attack by the Woads on the Roman escort bringing their discharges. However, on the night they ought to receive their freedom, they are dispatched on a final and possibly suicidal mission by Bishop Germanus (Ivano Marescotti) in the freezing winter to rescue the important Roman family of Marius Honorius ( Ken Stott ) from impending capture by the invading Saxons , led by their chief Cerdic ( Stellan Skarsgård ) and his son Cynric ( Til Schweiger ).

Marius' son, Alecto, is the Pope 's favorite godson and may be "destined to be Pope one day", according to the Bishop. The knights are charged with this rescue because Rome is withdrawing from Britain, now considered an indefensible outpost. At the remote estate, Arthur explains his mission to Marius, who becomes defensive and refuses to leave his grand home. Marius is revealed to have oppressed his serfs on the pretense of speaking for God. While being shown an elder who has been whipped and left tied up out in the elements for asking Marius for more food for the serfs, Arthur advises that Marius does not speak for God. He frees the elder and tells them all that they were "free from their first breath". Arthur soon discovers Marius has also immured pagans: a Woad, Guinevere ( Keira Knightley ), and a small boy, Lucan. Arthur frees them and decides to take everyone, along with Marius' family, back to Hadrian's Wall. Along the journey, Guinevere tells Arthur of the "fairy tales" she'd heard of him, and Arthur is revealed to be half Celt (on his mother's side).

Arthur resets the fingers in Guinevere's hand. One night, Guinevere takes Arthur to meet with Merlin , the leader of the Woads and her father. At first, Arthur thinks Guinevere has betrayed him, but Merlin has come in peace. It is revealed in flashback that Arthur's mother had died in a Woad attack when he was a boy. Merlin says that he did not wish for Arthur's mother to die; she was of their blood, as is Arthur. Arthur's famous sword, Excalibur , is also shown to be his father's , which marked his father's burial mound . Arthur pulled it from his father's burial mound in an effort to rescue his mother from a burning building. Merlin suggests an alliance between the Woads and the Sarmatian knights against the invading Saxons. Along the route one dawn, Marius forces a standoff with his own soldiers, taking the boy Lucan hostage. Even his wife is angered at this. Unlike Marius, she is a kindly person who actually helps heal Guinevere's wounds. Guinevere uses a bow to shoot Marius dead; his guards stand down and aid the knights in getting all the people to the wall.

Struck by Rome leaving its subjects to the mercy of the Saxons, Arthur is further disillusioned when he learns that Bishop Pelagius , whose teachings about the equality of all men inspired the brotherhood of his Round Table , has been executed as a heretic by order of Bishop Germanus himself. Tristan returns from scouting the area and tells Arthur that a whole Saxon army is on the move. The group soon encounter the Saxons at an ice-covered lake. The knights stay behind to hold up the Saxons and allow the refugees to escape. Greatly outnumbered, Arthur, Guinevere and the knights attempt to repel them with arrows; the battle is won when Dagonet runs to the middle of the ice and breaks it with an axe, at the cost of his life — however, many Saxons are killed. In due course, Arthur and his remaining men forsake Roman citizenship and form an alliance with the Woads to fight the Saxons. In the climactic battle, the " Battle of Badon Hill " set just south of the now abandoned Hadrian's Wall, the Woads catapult flaming missiles at the Saxon army, and when the hosts meet, Guinevere engages in combat with Cynric.

Cerdic fights and kills Tristan before facing off with Arthur. Meanwhile, Cynric disarms Guinevere before Lancelot intervenes and duels Cynric alone. While another Saxon captures Lancelot's attention for a moment, Cynric shoots Lancelot with a Saxon crossbow. Lancelot then throws his sword into Cynric, killing him. Lancelot dies with Guinevere at his side. Arthur kills Cerdic, and the Saxons are defeated. Though Arthur is victorious, the events of the film have led to the loss of his faith in Rome as a bastion of justice. After realizing that the Rome of his ideals exists only in his dreams, Arthur also despairs over the deaths of his men. The film ends with Arthur and Guinevere's marriage. Merlin then proclaims him to be their king. King Arthur, Queen Guinevere, and his remaining knights promise to lead the Britons, united with the defeat of the Saxons and retreat of the Romans, against future invaders.

The last scene shows Lancelot, Dagonet and Tristan reincarnated as horses and roaming the lands freely, while Lancelot speaks of the fact that their names will live forever in legend. Main cast Clive Russell as Lancelot's Father Stephanie Putson as Lancelot's Mother Kerry O'Neill as villager Production The movie was produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and directed by Antoine Fuqua ; David Franzoni, the writer for Gladiator , wrote the screenplay. The historical consultant for the film was John Matthews , an author known for his books on esoteric Celtic spirituality, some of which he co-wrote with his wife Caitlin Matthews. The research consultant was Linda A. Malcor , co-author of From Scythia to Camelot: A Radical Reinterpretation of the Legends of King Arthur, the Knights of the Round Table, and the Holy Grail where possible non-Celtic sources for the Arthurian legends are explored. The film's main set, a replica of a section of Hadrian's Wall, was the largest film set ever built in Ireland, and was located in a field in County Kildare .

[1] The replica was one kilometre long, which took a crew of 300 construction workers four and a half months to build. [2] The fort in the film was based on the Roman fort named Vindolanda , which was built around 80 AD just south of Hadrian's Wall in what is now called Chesterholm , in Northern England. Relationship with Arthurian legend This section needs additional citations for verification . (November 2008) Cinematic versus traditional portrayal Guinevere's warrior persona is closer to the ancient Queen Medb (romanticised above) of the Irish Táin Bó Cúailnge than the Guinevere of Arthurian legend The film's storyline is mostly original, save for the elements of Saxons as Arthur's adversaries and the Battle of Badon Hill. Many traditional elements of Arthurian legend are dropped, such as the Holy Grail and Tristan 's lover Iseult . The film barely includes the love triangle between Arthur, Lancelot and Guinevere; whilst Guinevere and Arthur are romantically involved, only a few sequences depict a possible relationship between Lancelot and Guinevere. The film does not feature Kay and Bedivere .

Along with Gawain, they already appear as Arthur's companions in very early Welsh sources, like Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion . The knights' characterisations in Arthurian legend are also dropped. For example, the film's portrayal of a boorish and lusty Bors, the father of many children, differs greatly from his namesake whose purity and celibacy allowed him to witness the Holy Grail according to legend. The cinematic portrayal of Bors is therefore much closer to the traditional depiction of Sir Kay than his legendary namesake. Lancelot and Galahad are portrayed as having similar ages, whereas according to traditional versions they are father and son respectively (the film's approach is also found in modern Arthurian fiction — such as Bernard Cornwell 's The Warlord Chronicles , in which they are brothers). The cinematic portrayal of Guinevere as a Celtic warrior who joins Arthur's knights in battle is a drastic alteration from the demure " damsel in distress " of courtly romance.

[3] Although there is historical and mythological precedent for "sword-swinging warrior queens", such as the British Boudica of the Iceni or the various Celtic war goddesses, the film's portrayal of Guinevere is actually closer to the Queen Medb of the Irish Táin Bó Cúailnge . [3] However, no source, early or late, describes Guinevere as either a warrior or a rustic Celt; in fact, in Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae , which contains one of the oldest accounts of the character, Guinevere has Roman blood while Arthur is an indigenous Celt. Despite the film's historical angle, Merlin was not originally part of the legends. It is generally agreed that he is based on two figures— Myrddin Wyllt (Myrddin the Wild), and Aurelius Ambrosius, a highly fictionalized version of the historical war leader Ambrosius Aurelianus . The former had nothing to do with Arthur and flourished after the Arthurian period. The composite Merlin was created by Geoffrey of Monmouth.

Differences between the film and the Arthurian legend In the film, Arthur's father is a Roman general from the Imperial Roman army and his mother is a Celtic woman. In the historical notes of the legend, Arthur's father is Uther Pendragon, a famous Roman-British commander and one of Britain's earlier kings, and his mother is Igraine, a beautiful young woman who was once the wife of Gorlois, the Duke of Cornwall and one of Uther's loyal subjects. Arthur's knights are described differently in the film and the legend. In the film, Lancelot, Tristan, Bors, and the other Knights of the Round Table are Sarmatian knights fighting for the glory of the Roman Empire. In historical notes, the Knights of the Round Table are Britons, knights of Romano-Celtic England fighting for the freedom of Britain against the Saxons. Other references to Arthurian legend Dagonet, a self-sacrificing warrior in the film, has Arthur's court jester as his namesake. The character appears in Le Morte d'Arthur and Idylls of the King . Also in the film, Lancelot fights using two swords .

This may be a reference to the ill-fated Sir Balin , the "Knight with Two Swords", but this epithet refers to his cursed sword rather than his fighting style. Tristan has a pet hawk. In Welsh legends, a figure named Gwalchmai is commonly considered identical with Gawain (both are nephews of Arthur); a popular though unlikely proposed meaning of his name is "hawk of May". [4] The role of traitor, typically ascribed to Mordred , is given a smaller part in the form of a young British scout, played by Alan Devine , who betrays his people to the Saxons. The character is unnamed, but called "British Scout" in the credits. Tristan kills the traitor with an arrow from the other side of Hadrian's Wall during the climactic battle. Historical notes Despite the film's supposedly historically grounded approach, much artistic licence regarding historical figures, peoples, events, religion and weaponry is taken with the plot. As did the earliest versions of the Arthur story, the film places the story of Arthur not in its better-known medieval setting but in the (still plausible) earlier times of antiquity , the early dawn of the Middle Ages.

It would appear that the Arthur depicted in the film is based most closely upon Ambrosius Aurelianus , the Romano-Briton who fought against the Saxons in the 5th century, and was probably the leader of the Romano-British at the Battle of Mons Badonicus (Mount Badon). Nevertheless, Arthur's full name in the film is Artorius Castus, referring to Lucius Artorius Castus , a historical Roman active in Britain in the 2nd or 3rd century. [5] It is specified Arthur was given the ancestral name of a legendary leader. The film is loosely based on the "Sarmatian hypothesis", formulated by C. Scott Littleton and Ann C. Thomas in 1978, which holds that the Arthurian legend has a historical nucleus in the Sarmatian heavy cavalry troops stationed in Britain. [6] In the 2nd century, 5,500 Iazyges were transported there as auxiliaries during the Marcomannic Wars . [7] However the hypothesis is not accepted in the scholarship as it lacks a solid base.

[8] Roman political issues In the film, the Roman legions withdraw from Britain in AD 467; in reality, it was completed in the year 410, nearly 60 years before.[ citation needed ] Similarly, the opening text dictates that "King Arthur and his Knights rose from a real hero who lived [...] in a period often called the Dark Ages ". The film, however, is set in 467. The Dark Ages actually occurred in Sub-Roman Britain after the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire , Romulus Augustus , was deposed by Odoacer in 476, nine years after the date for the setting of the film. The current Roman Emperor in the film's time would have been Anthemius . The Roman family which Arthur rescues lives north of Hadrian's Wall.

This mission would be unlikely because the Wall represented the extent of Roman rule in Britain, except for brief periods of occupation during the 2nd century AD during which time they got as far north as Falkirk (Central Scotland) where pieces of the Antonine Wall are still visible; particularly in Callandar Park.[ citation needed ] Romanized client states such as that of the Votadini did exist north of the wall even into the Sub-Roman era . Britons and Saxons The Picts are called " Woads ". [5] [9] This word is a reference to one plant the Picts may have used to make blue paint; [5] however, the use of woad by the Picts is contested by scholars, [7] and the historical Picts were never known by this name. [10] In an interview Antoine Fuqua stated that they used "Wodes" (sic) instead of "Picts" because they thought the latter sounded "a little weird". [11] Nevertheless, John Matthews said in an online article that the name substitution was "meant to echo similar belittling titles given to enemies".

[5] The 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle mentions the arrival of the Saxon leaders Cerdic and Cynric in Britain (at Hampshire ) in 495. [12] According to the Chronicle Cynric succeeded Cerdic as king of Wessex in 534 (Cerdic was the founder of the kingdom). [13] Thus the two could not have died at the battle of Mount Badon . The battle is thought to have been fought sometime between 490 to 516. [14] The Saxons are shown attacking Hadrian's Wall from the north. By 467 the Saxons were already occupying parts of Britain far south of the wall. [15] Later in the film, Cerdic stops a warrior from raping a woman because it would lead to less-than-pure Saxon blood. This scene references the long-held belief that the Anglo-Saxons eradicated the Romano-Britons from the eastern part of the island. This contention, largely based on linguistic evidence, has been challenged by modern genetic analysis, which suggests extensive mixing between Anglo-Saxon and Briton populations.

Some historians (and fiction writers [16] ) have even suggested that Cerdic himself, who bore a Celtic name, was at least part Briton. Military technology Historically, Sarmatians were armoured in the manner of cataphracts (full-length coats of scale armor ); the film's Sarmatians are armoured with a mishmash of pseudo-Roman, Turkish, Mongol, and Hunnic designs. The Saxons historically used bows (to a limited extent) and spears instead of crossbows during the period. Though there is evidence for the use of some form of crossbows by Romans (calling them manuballistae ) and, some claim, the Picts, [5] the weapon was still not widely used in England until much later. Similarly, the Woads use a trebuchet -like weapon to hurl flaming missiles at the Saxons, though the trebuchet was not re-introduced to Britain until the siege of Dover in 1216.[ citation needed ] The Romans, however, reportedly used an early form of the trebuchet in their sieges.[ citation needed ] Roman soldiers displayed in the movie are depicted as legionaries with 2nd century AD armour.

By AD 400, legionaries were no longer in use and comitatenses were the new replacements. When Arthur and his cavalry first encounter the Woads, their movements in the forest are stymied by entanglements of lengths of thorn-studded cord, attached to arrows and shot by archers hiding high up in the trees. The film scene actually shows several such arrows being launched, and even a brief view of a coil of cord (placed on the ground) unreeling as the arrow flies. The cords would certainly be vegetable-based, such as nettle, a common source of fibres for such purposes; thorns from native trees such as hawthorn, itself held as sacred would be easily incorporated into a twisted cord. Religious inaccuracies The real Pelagius opposed Saint Augustine on the theological issue of the relationship between grace and free will . This is indicated by Arthur's asking him a question about free will, and the storyline of Arthur's break with the Catholic Church . However, the film confuses the issue of political freedoms and social choices (which were not issues in political debate in the 5th/6th centuries AD) with the principle of free will in relationship to God.

The Pelagian heresy denied original sin with its doctrine of the bondage of the will. [17] Nor was Pelagius executed for heresy in Rome as the film indicates. Pelagius is believed to have died decades before 467 AD, likely of old age. [17] Archbishop Germanus' second (and last) mission to Britain was twenty years before (447 AD) and he died the following year. [18] Germanus is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and, although portrayed in the film as a cruel and pompous aristocrat, historically he "extended his hospitality to all sorts of persons, washed the feet of the poor and served them with his own hands, while he himself fasted." [19] The movie implies that the Pope (who in 467 was Pope Hilarius ) was in control of the Western Roman Empire, although it was actually ruled by the Emperor and de facto controlled by the Magistri Militum and other regional governors. The Pope would not gain the political power to grant lands and other comparable privileges until centuries after the setting of the film.

The film seems to be implying a literal interpretation of the Donation of Constantine , a document purportedly written in the fourth century, but in actuality an eighth-century forgery. Promotion Elements of the film's promotion have likewise been criticized as historically unsound. Its tagline "The True Story Behind the Legend" has been criticized as false. [7] [20] A trailer for the film claims that historians now agree that Arthur was a real person because of alleged "recent" archaeological findings, yet there is no consensus amongst historians on Arthur's historicity [7] [21] and no recent archaeological find proves Arthur's existence; the so-called " Arthur stone ", discovered in 1998 in securely dated 6th century contexts amongst the ruins at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall, created a stir but has subsequently been of little use as evidence. [22] [23] Reception The film holds a 31% 'Rotten' rating on Rotten Tomatoes as of January 18, 2009, with 57 positive of 181 reviews. [24] Robin Rowland criticized critics who disliked the film for its Dark Age setting.

[3] Rowland pointed out that several Arthurian novels are set in the Dark Ages, like Rosemary Sutcliff 's Sword at Sunset and Mary Stewart's Merlin trilogy ( The Crystal Cave , The Hollow Hills , and the Last Enchantment ). However, these works have little in common with the film's story and Sarmatian angle. In response to criticism of the setting consultant on the film Linda A. Malcor said: "I think these film-makers did a better job than most could have done when it comes to giving us something besides knights in tin foil and damsels in chiffon. ...[they] deserve a lot of praise for the effort that they made." [20] Fellow Arthurian scholar Geoffrey Ashe 's opinion was negative. [20] Director's cut An unrated director's cut of the film has been released; it has extra footage of battle scenes as well as more scenes between Lancelot and Guinevere, whose traditional love triangle with Arthur is only hinted at here.

Several scenes are also omitted from the director's cut, including one where the knights sit around a camp fire asking about their intended Sarmatian life, in which Bors reveals that his children do not even have names, most simply have numbers. In addition, a sex scene between Guinevere and Arthur is shifted to be chronologically before he is informed of the incoming Saxons towards Hadrian's Wall. This seemingly minor change arguably helps the story flow more smoothly. In the original film he is seen in full battle armour, contemplating a broken image of Pelagius on his floor, and then is disturbed by a call to come outside. When he comes outside, he is hastily putting on a shirt, and his hair is disheveled. In the Director's Cut, after an intimate moment between Arthur and Guinevere explaining Arthur's morals, they carry on into their sexual encounter, and are thus disturbed so that Arthur can be briefed on the Saxons. During the sexual encounter, he is wearing the same outfit he wears during the briefing. The scene where he is examining Pelagius's image is removed. The DVD release also features the film's original ending as a deleted scene, which deals with the aftermath of Badon.

The more upbeat ending in the theatrical release, including the marriage of Arthur and Guinevere, was shot after test audiences responded poorly to the original. Marketing Keira Knightley's breasts were enlarged for the US theatrical movie poster. This practice angered Knightley, who says that it "comes from market research that clearly shows that other women refuse to look at famous actresses and stars with small breasts." Later in 2006, Knightley claimed she is "not allowed to be on a magazine cover in the US without at least a C cup because it 'turns people off'." [25] Video game

Question: Clive Owen starred in the title role of which 2004 film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by David Franzoni, with Ioan Gruffudd, Keira Knightley and Ivano Marescotti?
Answer: King Arthur