Chapter 16- Germany at International Sommelier Guild - StudyBlue Is Riesling the only wine Germany produces? no, they produce more than just Riesling, including some quality reds. One is one of the most cold-hardy grape varieties? Riesling What country has some of the world's coldest wine-producing regions? Germany - the northernmost wine growing regions in Germany are well above the 50th parallel of latitude. How has Germany succeeded as a wine country being so far north? centuries of experience and determination What else does Germany have against it other than being so far north? it is far from the moderating influence of a large body of water. What has the success of Germany as a winegrower/ maker of some world-class white wines often been based on? the location of the vineyard - along rivers, which moderate temperature and in selecting vineyard sites on steep, south or southeast facing hillsides where the maximum amount of sunlight is captured and the effects of frost are the least dangerous. Which facing hillsides in Germany are where the maximum amount of sunlight is captured and the affects of frost are the least dangerous? south or southeast facing hillsides Why is Germany the largest importer of wine in the world?

Germany is a major wine-consuming country. It makes the styles of wine it can, and imports those styles it cannot. What is about half of the imported wine into Germany? bulk wine What happens to the bulk wine imported into Germany? it is bottled in Germany or added to local wines to add body and alcoholic strength. How does Germany rank among countries exporting wine? Despite domestic demand, Germany is among the top 10 nations exporting wine. FYI - What is the population of Germany? 82.3 million (2009) FYI - What is the vineyard area (in acres) of Germany? 252,000 acres (2007) FYI - What is the total wine production in Germany, in cases? 114 million cases (2007) FYI - What is the total wine consumption in Germany, in cases? 224 million cases (2007) FYI - What is the total wine imports in Germany, in cases? 158 million cases (2007) FYI - What is the total wine exports in Germany, in cases?

38 million cases (2007) FYI - What are the total German wine imports to the US, in $? $148 million (2008) What is the location of Germany? In north-central Europe, reaching as far north as Denmark in the Baltic Sea Where are most all the wine growing areas, and the few exceptions, in Germany? a couple of small districts in eastern Germany, but most all vineyards are in the southwest quadrant of the country. The majority are found near a river or on the shores of Lake Constance (Bodensee in German). What is the geographical lifeblood of Germany? The Rhine River. it forms most of Germany's border with Switzerland and France as it flows westward from Lake Constance to Basel, Switzerland, then along the French-German border north past Alsace, continuing on thru western Germany until it flows out of the winegrowing region altogether & into the Netherlands. What is the second most important river in Germany? The Mosel River - it flows out of France's Vosges Mtns (where it is the Moselle), past Luxembourg, and northeast thru prime wine territory until it empties into the Rhine.

What are other significant tributaries of the Rhine in Germany? the Ahr, Nahe, Main, and Neckar rivers What is the German climate? northern continental; mild summers, cold winters, and moderate precipitation year round. With such a cool climate in Germany what do the wine grapes have a problem of doing? struggle to ripen before winter arrives. Why are vineyards in Germany so concentrated near waterways? because wine grapes struggle to ripen before winter arrives - the flowing water moderates local climates, and reflects sunlight back onto the vineyards benefitting the vines in this marginal climate At Germany's northerly latitude what is the distinct advantage for south facing hillsides? maximizing both sun exposure and warmth What are the advantages for the vineyards on the north side of the river in Germany? they benefit from extra sunlight reflecting off the water. What do many of the top vineyard sites in Germany, notably in the Mosel and Rheingau have to assist with the cooler climate challenges? have a dark blue and red slate based soil that is ideal for retaining solar heat during the daytime and radiating it back at night. Have many states is Germany divided into? 16 states What are the states called in German?

Lander Which states are the primary winegrowing regions in Germany? the states of Baden-Wurttemberg, Hesse, and Rhineland-Palatinate Because of the cool climate in Germany, as might be expected, in general, which grapes grow best? white grapes are the dominant varieties, accounting for 2/3 of the total production. What is the most widely planted grape in Germany? Riesling, taking up 1/5th of the total acreage. Where is the Riesling grape most dominant? The Rheingau and Mosel areas What is the second most planted grape in Germany? Muller-Thurgau What is the Muller-Thurgau history and profile? A Riesling cross developed for hardiness but somewhat lacking in its resemblance to Riesling with regard to taste and longevity. Several international varieties, ones associated with cool climates, are included among Germany's leading grapes, including? Spatburgunder (PN) What other international white varieties are planted in Germany, but in lesser quantities? Chardonnay SB Gewürztraminer More than 100 varieties are permitted in Germany, but in practice apprx how many comprise almost all the vineyard acreage?

about 20 or so What other important varieties that are indigenous to either Germany or Austria are there? Silvaner and Kerner (whites) Dornfelder and Portugieser (reds) Where in Germany are most of the red grapes planted? in the Southern regions, but new plantings of red varieties are increasing as far north as the Mosel. FYI - what are the top 10 grape varieties planted in Germany? Riesling (W) 55,000 acres Trollinger (R) 6000 acres What is German wine law system like? In keeping with EU wine law blueprint, DDR has two categories of wine, wine and quality wine, with various subcategories of each. DDR further divides wines by geographic location and the degree of ripeness achieved by the grapes at harvest. What quality level of wine does most of German wine qualify for? B/C the German wine laws are quite liberal, it turns out that almost all German wine qualifies as quality wine. What % of German wine is categorized as just wine? 4% What % of German wine qualifies for quality wine? 96% of production qualifies as Qualitatswein (quality wine).

What is the term "Qualitatswein" in English? quality wine As of 2010, it was unclear how Germany was going to implement PDO and PGI designations = what is projected? Qualitatswein will equate to PDO and Landwein to PGI What are the various levels of the classification hierarchy in Germany? Tafelwein (table wine) Qualitatswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete (quality wine from a designated region) Pradikatswein (Kabinett, Spatlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese, Eiswein, and Trokenbeerenauslese) What is Tafelwein? basic wine. Most of the wine imported at this level is imported bulk wine, much of it from Italy. A small amount of the wine in this category is Deutscher Tafelwein - wine made exclusively with German-gorwn grapes. Starting with barely ripe or underripe grapes, Deutscher Tafelwein can have as little as 8.5% alcohol, after chaptalization (the technique of adding sugar before fermentation to increase the alcohol level. What is chaptalization?

the technique of adding sugar before fermentation to increase the alcohol level. What is the minimum alcohol level for Tafelwein? 8.5% Is the minimum alcohol level (8.5%) before or after chaptalization for Tafelwein? after Country wine - wines with a geographical indication grapes slightly riper than those for Deutscher Tafelwein (1/2 % more potential alcohol) grown in one of the 21 designated landwein regions. How much more of potential alcohol % must Landwein be than Deutscher Tafelwein? 1/2% What is Qualitatswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete? QbA = quality wine from a designated region - it is the lower level of the qualitatswein, representing the largest proportion of German wine output. -QbA comes from one of 13 Anbaugebiete (specified winegrowing regions) -made with one of the approved grape varieties -reaches sufficient ripeness for recognition as a quality wine. What are the restrictions for Qualitatswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete?

-QbA comes from one of 13 Anbaugebiete (specified winegrowing regions) -made with one of the approved grape varieties -reaches sufficient ripeness for recognition as a quality wine. What is the must weight system in Germany called? Oechsle FYI - What are the various quality levels of German wines based on? the ripeness of the grapes that go into them. FYI - The minimum must weights vary by category and what else in Germany? region FYI - What is the min Oechsle for Tafelwein? 44-50 FYI - What is the min Oechsle for Landwein? 47-53 FYI - What is the min Oechsle for QbA? 50-72 FYI - What is the min Oechsle for Kabinett? 67-82 FYI - What is the min Oechsle for Spatlese? 76-90 FYI - What is the min Oechsle for Auslese? 83-100 FYI - What is the min Oechsle for BA?

110-128 FYI - What is the min Oechsle for Eiswein? 110-128 FYI - What is the min Oechsle for TBA? 150-154 What are the quality levels of Pradikatswein? Kabinett -upper level in the DDR classification pyramid -any of the 13 Anbaugbiete (like QbA) -6 levels based on ripeness levels achieved in vineyard -chaptalization not allowed at this level. What does Pradikat mean? What does Kabinett level mean? -light to medium bodied wines -from grapes with the lowest ripeness level in the Pradikat -range from 7 - 10% alcohol What is the Spatlese level? Late harvest wines of additional ripeness from grapes harvested after a designated picking date. -with extra ripening time, the grapes develop more intense flavors and aromas than Kabinett. What is Auslese wine? selected harvest - wines made from grapes that have stayed on the vine long enough to have the required level of sugar.

-wines can be intense in bouquet and taste and have a potential alcohol level in excess of 14% What is Beerenauslese? BA - selected berries -rich, sweet dessert wines made from individually harvested berries, which are sweeter than Auslese and have the potential to be affected by the honeyed influence of Botrytis, known in German as Edelfaule What is the German word for Botrytis? Edelfaule wines made from frozen grapes harvested at BA level or higher. How/ when are grapes harvested for Eiswein? having already become overripe from staying on the vine as late as January, these grapes are harvested after they freeze in the vineyard. Once the grapes are harvested for Eiswein what happens immediately after harvesting? They are crushed immediately, and much of the water in the berries is discarded as ice, leaving grape must with a very high sugar level. What is Trokenbeerenauslese? wines from individually picked berries that are overripe to the point of being raisins and are often shriveled further by Botrytis TBAs considered to be among the world's greatest dessert wines. The six Pradikat levels are not necessarily a hierarchy of quality.

What are the differences based on? Kabinett wines are certainly the most basic of the Pradikat wines. for the rest of the levels the differences are more stylistic and a matter of taste than an absolute scale of quality. What are the three dessert wine Pradikats and how much is produced in Germany? BA, Eiswein, and TBA make up a very small fraction of production. What is the basic requirement for designation in the quality and pradikat levels in Germany? the use of grapes that have achieved a minimum level of ripeness. What type of wines do underripe grapes produce? highly acidic, light-weight in alcohol, and whose aromas and flavors are not fully developed. How are the grape's ripeness assessed? measuring the amount of sugar present, in degrees Oechsle, a system based on the density or must weight of the grape's juice (the more solids- primarily sugar-in the juice, the denser the liquid will be. What is Oechsle? a system based on the density or must weight of the grape's juice (the more solids- primarily sugar-in the juice, the denser the liquid will be. Which categories or quality levels is chaptalization permitted?

allowed for the basic wine category and QbA, not for the others. Does chaptalization change the Oechsle reading or the assigned quality level of the wine? No to either. Does the Oechsle value translate to the sweetness level in the finished wine? despite the emphasis on sugar content in the grapes, the Oechsle value does not necessarily translate to sweetness in the finished wine. A high sugar content can lead to either a high alcohol content in a dry wine or high sweetness levels in a low alcohol wine, or anything in between depending on winemakers preference. What can high Oechsle values translate to in the finished wine? A high sugar content can lead to either a high alcohol content in a dry wine or high sweetness levels in a low alcohol wine, or anything in between depending on winemakers preference. What other rating system in Germany exists in parallel with the quality categories that are based on grape ripeness? A German place-of-origen system. Einzellagen How many regions are the for Tafelwein? 7 - this is unusual b/c most nations do not have regions smaller than the country as a whole for basic wines.

What is a bit unusual about Germany's regions for Tafelwein? they have 7 regions, which is a bit unusual as most nations do not have regions smaller than the country itself for basic wines. How many Landwein regions are there in Germany? 21 regions. What is a Landwein region category in Germany? these are "geographical indications" that define the country wine quality level. How many Anbaugebiete are there in Germany? 13 Anbaugebiete What is the Anbaugebiete in Germany's wine rating system? 13 regional areas for Germany's qualitatswein. Both QbA and pradikatswein require a single Anbaugebiet as a place of origin. How many Bereiche are there in Germany? 41 Bereiche What is a Berieche in Germany? can be thought of as a regional or district appellation, along the lines of AC Cotes du Rhone or DO Catalunya, or a county in the US> How many Bereich must be in each Anbaugebiet? At least one. How many Grosslagen are there in Germany? 167 Grosslagen What is a grosslage in Germany?

What is it not as a geographical indication? a grouping of numerous vineyards into a convenient administrative package. When these areas were established, there was little, if any, effort to take terroir into account - so they are largely meaningless from a terroir perspective. How many grosslagen are there in each Bereich? multiple grosslagen How many Einzellagen are there in Germany? More than 2700 How many Einzellagen are there in a grosslagen in Germany? numerous einzellagen In theory, what is an einzellage? What is it really? In theory, a single vineyard - but that ignores that these areas were created by cobbling together tiny vineyards into new vineyards of 5 -hectare (12.4 acre) minimum. More administrative than viticultural. Nevertheless, these are still relatively small vineyard areas with reasonably homogenous conditions. Vineyards are often divided among many owners. What is the minimum size of an einzellage? 5 - hectar = 12.4 acres In theory, what is an einzellage? a vineyard - but arranged more for administrative purposes than for viticulture Which 4 of the geographical indications cover essentially the same territory in Germany?

How much of the total wine growing area in Germany do these 4 categories cover? Tafelwein, Landwein, Anbaugebieta and Bereiche, although divided up into different segments. These 4 GI's include virtually the entire wine growing area of Germany. What two GI categories are not as inclusive as 4 others but still cover much of the winegrowing area in Germany? The grosslagen and einzellagen In addition to quality and pradikat designations based on ripeness levels, what other system does Germany use? An appellation system meant as only additional information. Are German regulations more like the French or the New World systems? More like the New World - carrying only very loose restrictions on viticulture and winemaking - grape varieties allowed, vineyard yields, winery procedures, and so forth. Instead, the merely name the geographical location where the grapes were grown. If a grosslage or einzellage appears on a wine label, what always precedes it? always preceded by a village name, usually the most famous village in the area (even thought he grapes may not have come from that village) Why is the village name necessary on the German wine label for grosslage or einzellage wines?

Give example because many of the grosslage and einzellage names occur more than once. There are two different Rothenberg einzellage in different grosslage of Berieche Johanisburg. One is from the town Geisenheim and the other from Rauenthal, so the label reads Geisenheimer Rothen berg and Rauenthaler Rothernberg. It is often difficult to tell a grosslage from an einzellage on a German wine label wihtout goof reference = why is this? B/C a wine could theoretically be labeled Geisenheimer (town) Burgweg (grosslage) or Geisenheimer (town) Rothenburg (einzellage). It is difficult to tell because neither the word "grosslage" or "einzellage" is likely to appear on the label. However a bereiche should be labeled a "Bereich" Of the three terms (einzellage, grosslage, and bereich) which one will be labeled so in Germany? Bereich. The others may occur (einzellage or grosslage) but it is not likely. FYI - How are wines made by grapegrowers designated?

Erzeugerabfullung and Gutsabfullung FYI - What is Gustabfullung the equivalent of? a wine made by grapegrowers that is "estate bottled" FYI - What does Erzeugerabfullung mean? wine made by grape growers, also includes cooperatives of growers, and means "producer bottled". FYI - What does the term "Abfuller" mean? indicates a wine produced at a commercial winery that buys grapes from other sources. Historically, what was the German wine style and why? Especially outside of the mildest areas in the far south, white wines were somewhere between off-dry and fully sweet. This was due to the cold temps after harvest sometimes halting fermentation before all the sugar could be converted to alcohol. Due to Riesling's high acidity, this RS helped balance out the wine. In Germany's northern climate, how long are grapes left on the vine? As long as possible allowing the grapes to ripen as much as they can and are brought into the winery before winter sets in. For centuries, what style of German wine was popular and even prized at home and on the export market?

off-dry and especially the sweet wines What happened in the late 20th century in Germany regarding wine? Consumer's tastes changed, drinking drier wines and it caused Germany's exports to plummet. What is the German wine industry trying to currently promote? production of dry wines at home and the awareness of those wines among consumers abroad. Why are red varieties becoming increasingly viable throughout Germany? Partly because of climate change Today, what styles of wines does Germany produce? An array of wine styles. Most white and sweet, but more than a third of production is red wine, and the proportion of dry whites is growing. What will you see on a German wine label? Producer name (Weingut Herr Manning) Einzellage name (Juffer Sonnenuhr) What is the minimum % content to state a varietal on a German label? 85% When will the Pradikat level be stated on the label for German wines? only at Pradikatswein level - What are alternatives to Pradikat level for German wine labels? Kabinett, Auslese, BA, TBA, and Eiswein What are alternatives to Quality level (Pradikatswein) on a German wine label?

Tafelwein, Landwein, QbA What is the AP number on a German wine label? Amtliche Prufungsnummer - a certificate number unique to this bottling issued after government approval. What range is alcohol content on a German label? can vary from around 7% to more than 14%. When will Anbaugebiete be on a German wine label? one of 13 anbaugebiete is required on all QbA and Pradikatswein labels. T or F - Grapes at any Praditkat (ripeness) level can be made into sweet or dry wine. True, in principal Technically, why with the lowest categories of Pradikat (ripeness) is it hard for wines to be made into either sweet or dry wines? the natural sugar in the grapes is so low that the potential alcohol level (the maximum amount of alcohol possible if the grapes were fermented fully dry) is barely enough for the wine to be stable and to meet the "legal" definition of wine. if the fermentation were to be stopped before dryness, the alcohol would be too low.

What are the winemaker's choices if the fermentation were to be stopped before dryness, and the alcohol would be too low? What level of wines? - Make a low-alcohol dry wine (probably thin and extremely acidic) -Chaptalize - add sugar to the must before fermentation to increase the potential alcohol level -Make a low-alcohol sweet wine by adding sussreserve - unfermented grape juice- to the wine after fermenting it dry. only up to the QbA level. What is Sussreserve? The unfermented grape juice that is added to the wine after it is fermented to add sweetness. German term for sweet reserve What is Chaptalize? adding sugar to the must before fermentation to increase the potential alcohol level What happens to wines at the Pradikatswein level if fermentation is stopped to early? the grapes at this level have sufficient potential alcohol to produce stable wine even if fermentation is stopped early. What is not allowed at the Pradikatswein level during winemaking, specifically fermentation? Chaptalization is not allowed at this level Grapes at the Pradikatswein level have sufficient enough of what to produce stable wine even if fermentation is stopped early?

potential alcohol What are the winemaker's choices for pradikatswein, if chaptalization is not allowed at this level, especially at the Spatlese or Auslese level, which are different for those up to the QbA level? 1) make med to high alcohol dry wine 2) make med-alcohol, moderately sweet wine by stopping the fermentation prior to completion. 3) Make a low-alcohol, very sweet wine by stopping the fermentation even earlier. How can the wine maker, for Pradikatswein level, make a medium-alcohol sweet wine? By adding sussreserve, but this is mostly confined to Kabinett level, where adequate alcohol is still an issue. FYI - What are the Tafelwein regions (Weinbaugebiete) in Germany? Rhein-Mosel FYI - How many Bereiche, Grosslagen, and Einzellagen does the Anbaugebiete Saale-Unstrut have?

Bereiche 3 Grosslagen 4 Einzellagen 37 FYI - What are the two Tafelwein regions (Weinbaugebiete)/ Landwein regions (Landweingebiete) that do not have an Anbaugebiete? Tafelwein region Niederlausitz/ Landwein region Brandenburger L. Tafelwein region Stargarder Land/ Landwein region Mecklenburger L. How do you tell Sweet from Dry on the German wine label? Currently no law, but there are clues. -state it plainly -list the exact residual sugar level in grams per liter -qualitative terms that give a general idea -English words may be used exporting to English-speaking countries, but traditional German terms more common What are some traditional German terms one might see on a label to indicate sweetness? Trocken - dry Halbtroken - off-dry suss - sweet What are some other terms on a German label that might indicate a dry (or high-acid-off-dry) wine? Classic Charta What would the term "Classic" on a German wine label mean?

made from grapes with a potential alcohol level one degree higher than the minimum for that variety and region, yielding a dry wine of at least 12 % by volume. What would the term "Selection" on a German wine label mean? dry wine made from Auslese-level grapes from an einzellage. What would the term "Charta" mean on a German wine label? dry to off-dry QbA or Pradikat-level Riesling from the Rheingau If a German wine has no indication of sweetness level on the label usually mean what? expected to be sweet Even without assistance it is possible to to make an educated guess about the wine's sweetness level based on what? based on the pradikat and alcohol level (req'd on labels). In round numbers what is the potential alcohol of Kabinett? roughly 10% potential In rough numbers, what is the potential alcohol for Spatlese? roughly 12% potential alcohol In rough number, what is the potential alcohol of Auslese? roughly 14% potential What does comparing the actual alcohol on a label with the roughly potential alcohol of the pradikat help with?

it will give a pretty good indication of whether the wine is dry (fermented completely, leaving little residual sugar) or sweet. ex - Auslese wine (potential 14%) has 10% alcohol on the label indication the wine is sweet. Why is it less reliable to compare QbA wines' pradikat level and actual alcohol listed on the label than those wines of pradikatswein level? B/C QbA'a and basic wines can be chaptalized FYI - What is the residual sugar level for trocken wines? up to 9 g/l - no more than 2 g/l above acidity level FYI - What is the residual sugar for wines labeled halbtrocken? 9-18 g/l no more than 10 g/l above acidity level FYI - What is the residual sugar level for wines labeled feinherb? legally undefined but the same range as halbtrocken 9-18 g/l FYI - What is the residual sugar level for wines labeled lieblich/ halbsuss? 18-45 g/l FYI - What is the residual sugar level for wines labeled suss or mild?

more than 45 g/l What are considered dessert wines and are also the three highest Pradikat levels? BA What is the typical structure for Pradikat levels BA, TBA, and Eiswein? normally low in alcohol, high in acid, and very sweet T or F - All BA, TBA, and Eiswein Pradikat level wines have Botytis effects. False - Botrytis flavors and aromas may or may not be present at these Pradikat levels. In the past two decades in Germany, what has happened with red grape varieties with vineyard area and overall acreage %? more than doubled in vineyard area and now account for some 36% of Germany's total acreage. What are the German red wines typical like, and why? What variety is most common and what does it make? a cool area, so German red wines are often on the light side, all the more so b/c the most prominent variety is Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir), which is typically light in color and tannin. Spatburgunder is also used to produce a substantial amount of rose (Weissherbst) What is the most prominent red variety planted in Germany?

Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir), which also makes a lot of rose (Weissherbst) What is the typical profile of Spatburgunder? light in color and tannins Where is Spatburgunder mostly found growing in Germany? vineyards are mostly in the warmer south part of the country, particularly in Wurttemberg and Baden. This area is still cool, however. What is Weissherbst? rose made in Germany from Spatburgunder What are the perfect ingredients for sparkling wine? high acid, slightly underripe grapes, which Germany makes a lot of What do German's hold the world's record for with regards to sparkling wine? the world's highest per-capita consumption of sparkling wine. What is German sparkling wine called? Sekt or Schaumwein What method is most sekt made with? the tank method What style of sparkling wine is sekt or schaumwein mostly made into? finished in a sweet or semisweet style rather than brut. Which varieties are used to make Sekt or Schaumwein? Spatburgunder and almost all of the white varieties grown in Germany are used for making sparkling wine. FYI- What does the German VDP stand for?

Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter = The Association of German Prädikat Wine Estates FYI - When was the German VDP classification system established? founded in 1910 as an organization Germany's leading wine estates FYI - In 2002, what did the German VDP announce? Germany's first classification of vineyards, taking Burgundy's system as its model. FYI - In the VDP's 2002 announcement, how were the top vineyards classified? Erte Lage (first site), meaning grand cru. Grosses Gewachs/ "great growth" and Erste Gewächs/ "first growths" are equivalent terms seen in different regions. FYI- In 2007, how many vineyards sites produced Erste Lage wines? 171 vineyard sites In the VDP 2002 announcement, what are lower tiered wines designated as? Klassifizierte Lagenweine (classified site wines) and Gutsweine (estate wines) FYI - Currently, how is the German VDP classification system viewed?

the arrangement is still a work in progress but has the potential to bring refinement to the German appellation system. What are the classic wine regions of Germany? Mosel What are other notable wine regions in Germany, other than Mosel or Rheingau? Baden What is known about Mosel wine region? -one of the best known wine regions of Germany -famous for high-acid Rieslings -one of the larger areas in terms of production - almost 1/6 of the country's wine. Where does the Mosel flow to and from where? What does it past along the way? From Trier northeast to Koblenz, where it joins the Rhine. Some of Germany's most famous vineyard sites. What is the shape of the Mosel? tortuously winding with steep banks. What of the geography and climate of the Mosel region? it is the most northerly great wine region in the world, and its cool climate makes it difficult to fully ripen even the most cold-hardy grapes. Where are the best performing vineyards in the Mosel region? Why? those facing south on the steep slopes, providing the ideal aspect for maximizing sun exposure.

Despite the overall cold climate, what helps Germany's grapes raise sugar levels without sacrificing acidity? Germany's continental setting allows some hot summer days during the peak growing season. What has climate change done for the Mosel region? it appears to have a locally beneficial effect What of the Mosel's tributaries? There are several but two are very important in the wine world = the Saar and the Ruwer rivers Until 2007 what was the anbaugebiete for the Mosel called? Mosel-Saar-Ruwer What is the central area of the Mosel called and what is its importance? Mittelmosel - it is home to the most famous German wine sites. What are the grape varieties of the Mosel region? Riesling about 60% Muller-Thurgau about 20% but most is being replaced with Riesling or red varieties Red varieties currently make up about 10% What is the hallmark of Riesling? Acidity What do the Mosel Rieslings reflect? Acidity balanced by rich flavors of stone fruits, honey, and a moderate sweetness. What is the typical alcohol level of a Mosel Riesling?

no more than 10% alcohol Which wines, and from where, are traditional bottled in tall, slender green bottles? Wines of the Mosel How many bereiche does the Mosel anbaugebiet have? What are they? 6 including How is the Mosel region's quality attested? it has more than 500 einzellagen, more than any other region. Where are the most famous stretch of vineyards along the Rhine? the Rheingau How much wine does the Rheingau produce for the country? only 2% of Germany's total, but its quality rivals that of the Mosel region. Why do the Rheingau's vineyards have the most favored position on the Rhine? For about 15 miles after passing the cities of Mainz and Weisbaden, the Rhine flows westward, giving the entire right bank an ideal southern exposure, with additional sunlight reflecting up from the wide river. This macro climate affords maximum sun and warmth, along with protection from the cold, north winds. What do the best vineyards of the Rheingau produce? Riesling How much Riesling is planted in the Rheingau? What else is planted and at what %?

3/4 Riesling and the warmth of the region allows Spatburgunder to ripen nicely and this is the other primary grape of the Rheingau. How many berieche does the Rheingau anbaugebiet have? Just one = Johannisberg How many einzellage are in the Rheingau anbaugebiet? over 100 einzellagen What of the Baden wine region? -covers the most ground of the 13 winegrowing areas, stretching 150 miles along the eastern bank of the Rhine between Manheim and Switzerland. -however, only a fraction of the area is planted to grapes, making it the third largest anbaugebiet in vineyard acreage, after Rheinhessen and Pfalz. What are the top three producing Anbaugebiete in Germany? Rheinhessen Baden What is unique about the Baden Anbaugebiet? It consists of two large, unconnected segments along the east side of the Rhine, plus three small subareas along western Lake Constance. What is considered the warmest of Germany's growing regions? Baden's What is the most widely planted grape variety in Baden?

What else is planted? Spatburgunder What is the eastern most anbaugebiet of the former West Germany? Franken What is the Franken Anbaugebiet known for? known for everyday white wines traditionally sold in a flask called a Bocksbeutel Other than being the easternmost anbaugebiet of the former West Germany, what else is known about the location of Franken? covers a large area of the Main River Valley but with fairly sparse plantings of vines. Where is the Bocksbeutel known for in Germany? Franken What of the geography of the anbaugebiet Nahe? it lies southwest of the Rheingau, where the river of the same name flows into the Rhine. The Nahe Valley is west of Rheinhessen. It is a smallish region What wines does the Nahe region produce that are well respected, if not especially well-known? Rieslings What % of Riesling is planted in the Nahe anbaugebiet? only about a quarter of production Where are the fine vineyard sites located in the Nahe region? on the south-facing slopes of the mainly east-west valleys of the Nahe and its tributaries.

Where is the anbaugebiet Pfalz? it lies west of the Rhine, and its southern edge lies not far from the northern tip of the French Alsace. How does the Pfalz anbaugebiet rank in terms of production in Germany? 2nd in production What is the weather and soil like for the Pfalz anbaugebiet? quite sunny and warm and fertile What is the Pfalz anbaugebiet known for in terms of wine? mainly simple, inexpensive wines produced in large quantities. How is the wine industry in the Pfalz region trying to change? Some vintners are beginning to focus on low yields and premium bottlings. How much of all German Rieslings does the Pfalz anbaugebiet produce? 1/4 of all German Rieslings. Where is the Rheinhessen anbaugebiet located? on the south and west bank of the Rhine across from the Rheingau and north of the Pfalz and east of the Nahe. How does the Rheinhessen anbaugebiet rank in terms of German wine production? Number one in both area under vine and in overall production.

What is the geography and weather like for the Rheinhessen? it forms a low, flat plateau with a generally warm, dry climate. What varietals does the Rheinhessen anbaugebiet mostly produce? Most of its vineyards are currently planted to Muller-Thurgau and Dornfelder, but Riesling is not far behind. What is the Wurttemberg region known for? Being a large region that focuses on red grape varieties What red grape varieties does the Wurttemberg anbaugebiet focus on growing and what % of this region is red grape varieties? 70% of vineyard area is focused on red varietals such as Trollinger, Schwartzriesling, and Lemberger. Where are most of the vines planted in the Wurttemberg anbaugebiet? on the slopes of the Neckar River valley and on the banks of the Neckar's tributaries, and a few are planted well south on the shore of Lake Constance What is the weather like in Wurttemberg? Rainfall and humidity are higher here than in any other wine regions in Germany. Which anbaugebiet has vineyards located on the shores of Lake Constance?

Wurttemberg What are the 5 anbaugebiete that are very small, little more than 1000 acres of vines each, whose wines are often NOT seen outside of Germany? Ahr What are the talking points of the Mittelrhein anbaugebiet? small region (1000 acres) stretch of Rhine Valley downriver (north) from the Rheingau steep banks dotted with castles and small vineyards What is the Hessiche-Bergstrasse anbaugebiet known for? a spur off the northern part of Baden primarily planted with Riesling What are the two Anbaugebiete in the former East Germany? Saale-Unstrut both small regions and the most northerly of all German wine regions. FYI - What is Liebfraumilch - taste, varieties? a moderately sweet, light, white wine made mostly from QbA - level Muller-Thurgau, Silvaner, and Kerner FYI = which anbaugebiete grow the grapes for Liebfraumilch?

vineyards throughout Pfalz, Rheinhessen, Nahe, and Rheingau which blend the must of the following grape varieties: Muller-Thurgau, Silvaner, and Kerner FYI - WHat quality level of grapes make Liebfraumilch? QbA -level Germany - 5 Stars Europe Germany 17 Monte Carlo Sun, 74 Blvd. d’Italie, 98000 Monte Carlo Tel.:+33 977 218 718 Tel.:+377 640 61 88 73 Germany Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced ˈdɔʏtʃlant]), is a federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe. The country consists of 16 states and its capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 80.3 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state in the European Union.

Germany is the major economic and political power of the European continent and a historic leader in many cultural, theoretical and technical fields. Geographical data Germany is in Western and Central Europe, with Denmark bordering to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, France and Luxembourg to the southwest, and Belgium and the Netherlands to the northwest. It lies mostly between latitudes 47° and 55° N (the tip of Sylt is just north of 55°), and longitudes 5° and 16° E. The territory covers 357,021 km2 (137,847 sq mi), consisting of 349,223 km2 (134,836 sq mi) of land and 7,798 km2 (3,011 sq mi) of water. It is the seventh largest country by area in Europe and the 62nd largest in the world.

Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at 2,962 metres or 9,718 feet) in the south to the shores of the North Sea (Nordsee) in the northwest and the Baltic Sea (Ostsee) in the northeast. The forested uplands of central Germany and the lowlands of northern Germany (lowest point: Wilstermarsch at 3.54 metres or 11.6 feet below sea level) are traversed by such major rivers as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe. Glaciers are found in the Alpine region, but are experiencing deglaciation. Significant natural resources are iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, nickel, arable land and water. Demographics With a population of 80.2 million according to the May 2011 census, Germany is the most populous country in the European Union, the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and ranks as the 16th most populous country in the world. Its population density stands at 225 inhabitants per square kilometre.

The overall life expectancy in Germany at birth is 80.19 years (77.93 years for males and 82.58 years for females). The fertility rate of 1.41 children born per woman (2011 estimates), or 8.33 births per 1000 inhabitants, is one of the lowest in the world. Since the 1970s, Germany's death rate has continuously exceeded its birth rate. The Federal Statistical Office of Germany has forecast that the population could shrink to between 65 and 70 million by 2060 (depending on the level of net migration). However, such forecasts have often been proven wrong in the past, and Germany is currently witnessing increased birth rates and migration rates since the beginning of the 2010s. It is notably experiencing a strong increase in the number of well-educated migrants. In 2012, 300,000 more immigrants than emigrants were reported in Germany. Germans by nationality make up 92.3% of the population of Germany.

As of 2011 and about six million foreign citizens (7.7% of the population) were registered in Germany. Regarding ethnic background, 20% of the country's residents, or more than 16 million people, were of foreign or partially foreign descent (including persons descending or partially descending from ethnic German repatriates), 96% of whom lived in the former West Germany or Berlin. In 2010, 2.3 million families with children under 18 years were living in Germany, in which at least one parent had foreign roots. They represented 29% of the total of 8.1 million families with minor children. Compared with 2005 – the year when the microcensus started to collect detailed information on the population with a migrant background – the proportion of migrant families has risen by 2 percentage points. Administrative divisions Germany comprises sixteen states which are collectively referred to as Länder. Each state has its own state constitution and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organisation. Because of differences in size and population the subdivisions of these states vary, especially as between city states (Stadtstaaten) and states with larger territories (Flächenländer).

For regional administrative purposes five states, namely Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia and Saxony, consist of a total of 22 Government Districts (Regierungsbezirke). As of 2009 Germany is divided into 403 districts (Kreise) at a municipal level; these consist of 301 rural districts and 102 urban districts. Economy Germany has a social market economy with a highly skilled labour force, a large capital stock, a low level of corruption, and a high level of innovation. It has the largest and most powerful national economy in Europe, the fourth largest by nominal GDP in the world, the fifth largest by PPP, and was the biggest net contributor to the EU budget in 2011. The service sector contributes approximately 71% of the total GDP, industry 28%, and agriculture 1%. The official average national unemployment rate in June 2013 was 6.6%. However, the official average national unemployment rate also includes people with a part-time job that are looking for a full-time job.

The unofficial average national unemployment rate in 2011 was 5.7%. Germany is an advocate of closer European economic and political integration. Its commercial policies are increasingly determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. Germany introduced the common European currency, the euro, on 1 January 2002. Its monetary policy is set by the European Central Bank, which is headquartered in Frankfurt. Two decades after German reunification, standards of living and per capita incomes remain significantly higher in the states of the former West Germany than in the former East. The modernisation and integration of the eastern German economy is a long-term process scheduled to last until the year 2019, with annual transfers from west to east amounting to roughly $80 billion. In January 2009 the German government approved a €50 billion economic stimulus plan to protect several sectors from a downturn and a subsequent rise in unemployment rates. Of the world's 500 largest stock-market-listed companies measured by revenue in 2010, the Fortune Global 500, 37 are headquartered in Germany. 30 Germany-based companies are included in the DAX, the German stock market index.

Well-known global brands are Mercedes-Benz, BMW, SAP, Siemens, Volkswagen, Adidas, Audi, Allianz, Porsche, Bayer, Bosch, and Nivea. Germany is recognised for its specialised small and medium enterprises. Around 1,000 of these companies are global market leaders in their segment and are labelled hidden champions. Culture From its roots, culture in German states has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and secular. Historically Germany has been called Das Land der Dichter und Denker ("the land of poets and thinkers"), because of the major role its famous writers and philosophers have played in the development of Western thought and culture. The federated states are in charge of the cultural institutions. There are 240 subsidised theatres, hundreds of symphonic orchestras, thousands of museums and over 25,000 libraries spread in Germany. These cultural opportunities are enjoyed by many: there are over 91 million German museum visits every year; annually, 20 million go to theatres and operas; 3.6 million per year listen to the symphonic orchestras.

As of 2012 the UNESCO inscribed 37 properties in Germany on the World Heritage List. Germany has established a high level of gender equality, promotes disability rights, and is legally and socially tolerant towards homosexuals. Gays and lesbians can legally adopt their partner's biological children, and civil unions have been permitted since 2001. Germany has also changed its attitude towards immigrants; since the mid-1990s, the government and the majority of Germans have begun to acknowledge that controlled immigration should be allowed based on qualification standards. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. A global opinion poll for the BBC revealed that Germany is recognised for having the most positive influence in the world in 2011, and for being the most positively viewed nation in the world, in 2013. 02.08.2016 - 29.12.2017.

Federal Ministry of Education and Research Call for Proposals under the Federal Government’s Strategy for the Internationalization of Science and Research Regulations governing the funding programme "International Cooperation in Education and Research – The Central, Eastern and South Eastern European Region" 8 July 2016 1 Funding purpose and legal basis 1.1 Funding purpose Cooperation in education and research with Central and Eastern European and with South Eastern European countries is marked by the expansion of the European Education and Research Area, the Innovation Union and the extension and integration of the European Union (EU). Against this background, the target countries of this call for proposals are the EU Member States Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, and Slovenia, the official EU accession candidates Albania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, and the potential EU accession candidates Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Kosovo. The current formats of cooperation are intended to strengthen the international and European focus of German institutions in the field of education and research and to improve their competitiveness.

By focussing on key topics of mutual interest – particularly in subject areas that are addressed in the Federal Government's High-Tech Strategy ( ) and in the priority areas of the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 – cooperation at European level is to be expanded. In this context, the BMBF 1 Programme "International Cooperation in Education and Research – Central, Eastern and South Eastern European Region" is making an important contribution to reaching the aims of the Federal Government’s Strategy for the Internationalization of Science and Research ( ) as well as the aims of the Federal Government’s Strategy for the European Research Area(ERA, ). This BMBF programme provides financial resources for projects to prepare proposals and applications for funding under the thematic priorities of the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 and other research-relevant EU programmes. This includes projects which support the partner countries in making use of EU structural funds for research purposes and to thereby enable them to cooperate and compete in both the European and international research area. International links are to be created along the entire value-added chain in order to support technology transfer and innovation.

Participation by companies, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) 2 , in the R&D 3 consortia is therefore expressly desired. 1.2 Legal basis Project grants will be awarded in accordance with these funding regulations, the BMBF's standard terms and conditions for grants on expenditure or cost basis and the administrative regulations under sections 23 and 44 of the Federal Budget Code (BHO). There is no legal entitlement to a grant. The funding provider will take a decision after due assessment of the circumstances and within the framework of the budget funds available. Where such grants represent aid within the meaning of Article 107 (1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, these constitute "de minimis" aid. The awarding of such aid is governed by the provisions of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1407/2013 of 18 December 2013 on the application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to de minimis aid (OJ L 352 of 24 December 2013, p. 1) as amended.

De minimis aid must not exceed €200,000 (or €100,000 in road freight transport) over any period of three fiscal years. Cumulation of aid with other state aid to cover the same costs eligible for aid is only permissible to an amount which does not exceed the relevant ceilings for aid intensity or the aid amount that have been set for individual cases in a block exemption regulation or decision of the Commission. The de minimis statement included with the grant award document must be kept for ten years, produced at the request of the European Commission, a federal or Land authority or the funding authority within one week or a longer period specified in the request. Should the statement not be produced within this period, the award can be revoked and the funds reclaimed, submitted with a future application for de minimis aid as evidence of de minimis aid already granted. Undertakings which are subject to an outstanding recovery order following a previous Commission decision declaring an aid illegal and incompatible with the common market are ineligible for individual aid.

2 Object of funding Funding is provided for the preparation of applications for R&D projects which address the thematic areas of the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 ( ) and other relevant EU funding programmes. The preparation of applications for R&D projects is a two-phase process: The aim of the first funding phase is the establishment or development of bi- or multilateral project partnerships. In addition, the project consortium is expected to identify EU calls for proposals to which it intends to submit an application for funding. The aim of the second funding phase is the completion and submission of the application.

2.1 Horizont 2020 The topics addressed in Horizon 2020 include those in the area of "Societal Challenges" ( ): Health, demographic change and well-being Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research Secure, clean and efficient energy Smart, green and integrated transport Climate protection, resource efficiency and raw materials Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies Secure societies Work done as preparation of applications for cross-border and project-based "Innovative Training Networks" (ITN) and for "Research and Innovation Staff Exchanges" (RISE) under Marie Skłodowska-Curie measures is also eligible for funding. Furthermore, proposals may also be submitted for funding of preparatory measures in the individual funding lines of the framework programme's "Industrial leadership" pillar. The funding line for "Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies" (key technologies) covers the areas of information and communication technologies, nanotechnology, advanced materials, biotechnology, advanced manufacturing and processing. Funding for preparatory measures in the areas of advanced manufacturing and processing is restricted to the following target countries listed under No. 1.1 above: Poland, Czech Republic, Lithuania and Estonia.

Such preparatory measures should also be aimed at Public Private Partnership (PPP) in "Technologies for Factories of the Future (FoF)". Preparatory activities for planned measures under Horizon 2020 to close the innovation gap in Europe are also eligible for funding. Specifically, these are measures which pursue the 'widening participation' approach to develop capacities for excellent research in less research- and innovation-intensive regions. These capacities involve infrastructure and staff, cooperation between science and industry, and professional research and innovation management. 2.2 European territorial cooperation (INTERREG) Funding is also provided for preparatory activities associated with applications submitted to research and innovation-relevant programmes under the European territorial cooperation (INTERREG) initiative. These should focus in particular on the interface between the priorities of national and regional smart specialization strategies, the fields of action of the Federal Government's High-Tech Strategy and – in so far as it is relevant – the priorities of the EU strategies for the Baltic Sea region ( ) and the Danube region( ).

2.3 Instruments for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) Measures in preparation of the submission of proposals under relevant priority areas of the Instruments for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)( ) are eligible for funding if they correspond to the funding purpose and the target countries of this call (see 1.1) and if they enable cooperation with German applicants through complementary measures (e.g. in the IPA component "Cross-Border Cooperation"). 3 Funding recipients Recipients of funding may be commercial companies that are active in Germany, and particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) - as well as other institutions which provide contributions to research and fulfil the funding purpose and funding prerequisites, as well as higher education institutions or non-university research institutions. Research institutions which receive joint basic funding from the Federal Government and the Länder can only be granted project funding supplementary to their basic funding for additional expenditure under certain preconditions. 4 Prerequisites for funding Funding will only be provided for proposals that have high potential for realization and success in line with the objectives of this call. Each consortium must include at least t h r e e institutions eligible for funding: In addition to the German party, the consortium must consist of at least one partner from a target country listed in No.

1.1 of this call and at least one further partner from another EU-28 state, or a state which is associated with the Horizon 2020 programme ( ). Further partners from EU-28 states and associated states may be involved. Applicants are advised to familiarize themselves with the European programmes identified in 2.1 - 2.3. They should check whether the intended project includes specific European components which make it eligible for EU funding. The result of such checks should be described briefly in the national application for funding. 5 Type, scope and rates of funding Funds will be awarded in the form of non-repayable project grants. Grants for universities, research institutions and similar establishments will be calculated on the basis of the eligible project-related expenditure (grants for Helmholtz centres and the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (FhG) will be calculated on the basis of the project-related costs eligible for funding), up to 100% of which can be covered in individual cases. Grants for commercial companies will be calculated on the basis of the eligible project-related costs, up to 50% of which can as a rule be covered by government grants, depending on the project's relevance to application.

The BMBF’s policy requires an appropriate self-contribution of at least 50% towards the eligible costs incurred. The European Commission's Community Framework for State Aid for Research and Development must be taken into account when determining the rates of funding. The Community Framework allows a differentiated bonus arrangement for collaborative projects and SMEs, which may result in a higher rate of funding. As a rule, German institutions that are eligible for funding can receive up to €80,000 for at least 12 months up to a maximum period of 24 months. The funding period consists of two consecutive funding phases of up to twelve months each. Applications for funding cover both phases. Awarded funding is made available for the second phase upon successful conclusion of the first funding phase and a positive evaluation of the prospects of success of the second project phase. The following are envisaged as eligible expenditures/costs for grant funding: Project participant exchange: The following conditions apply for the funding of travel costs for German project participants: The costs for one round-trip journey (in economy class for air travel) and the per diem expenditures of German experts to the project partner's site in the target countries listed in No. 1.1 are eligible for funding.

Per diem consists of a fixed rate of €94 per day for accommodation and meals. In addition, the expenditures/costs for project-related domestic travel which is incurred by German project partners are eligible for funding. The following conditions apply for the funding of travel costs for foreign project participants: Per diem allowances and expenditures/costs for project-related travel within Germany by foreign experts from the countries listed in No. 1.1 are covered as follows: Visits to Germany will normally be funded for a maximum period of 2 months per year by the German funding provider with a fixed rate of €104 per day or €2,300 per month (where stays last between 23 and 31 days). A per diem rate of €77 will be provided for individual additional days in a subsequent month. The day of arrival and day of departure are counted as one day. Contributions to health insurance and, if applicable, other types of insurance are included in this allowance and must be paid by the grant recipients themselves.

Non-cash resources: Project-related grants for non-cash resources (such as expendables, appliances, phone and office supplies, transport, literature, rent, orders etc.) can be provided to a limited extent in duly substantiated exceptional cases. Workshops: Workshops with known partners or aimed at opening up new potential for cooperation may receive the following support: With regard to the organization of bi- or multilateral workshops in Germany, grants can be provided towards expenses such as the accommodation of the foreign guests, transfers within Germany, hospitality and rental of venues. The exact amount of the grant depends on the size of the event and the number of foreign guests. In such cases, no per diem allowances (see a) above) will be provided. Costs and expenditures for events which take place in the target countries named in No. 1.1 above may, in special well-founded cases, also be funded. Personnel costs/expenses: Project-related staff costs incurred on the German side for student assistants, administrators and/or scientific staff can be funded for a total of up to eight person-months (full-time), with remuneration generally commensurate with up to salary grade TVöD EG 13.

In general, the costs of standard basic equipment such as office material, communications, laboratory and IT equipment can n o t be covered. The provision of further funding for foreign project participants by the competent funding agencies in the countries specified in No. 1.1 above is desired. 6 Other terms and conditions for funding The Nebenbestimmungen für Zuwendungen auf Kostenbasis (Auxiliary Terms and Conditions for Funds provided on a Cost Basis) (NKBF98) will be part of the notification of award for grants on a cost basis. The Allgemeine Nebenbestimmungen für Zuwendungen zur Projektförderung (General Auxiliary Conditions for Grants provided for Projects on an Expenditure Basis) (ANBest-P) and the Besondere Nebenbestimmungen für Zuwendungen des BMBF zur Projektförderung auf Ausgabenbasis (Special Auxiliary Terms and Conditions for Funds provided by the BMBF for the Promotion of Projects on an Expenditure Basis) (BNBest-BMBF98) will form part of the notification of award of grants on an expenditure basis.

7 Procedure 7.1 Involvement of the International Bureau and request for documents The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has commissioned the International Bureau with processing the funding measures: DLR Projektträger E-mail: Derya.Manda@dlr.de Potential applicants are advised to contact the responsible body for advice on writing their proposals. Further information and explanations will be made available. 7.2 Zweistufiges Förderverfahren Das Förderverfahren ist zweistufig. 7.2.1 Submission of formal funding applications and decision-making procedure In the first phase, draft proposals are to be submitted in German or English within this call which will be permanently open until 29 December 2017, using the electronic system pt(outline* ( ). If the project outline is prepared in English, it must be accompanied by a summary in German language. The submission of a project proposal does not lead to a legal claim for funding. The draft proposal should be structured as follows: Part A.) These data fields are regular components of all calls for proposals and are entered in an internet form.

A.I Information for administrative purposes A.II Financial overview Part B.) An individual, call-specific project description, with the following structure: B.I Title B.II Contact details of the project coordinator B.III Contact details of further project partners B.IV Content summary of the planned activity B.V Definition of the objectives to be achieved within the first phase of this measure (building or developing the project consortium), and description of the excellence and originality of the project and - if already possible - identification of those European research programmes which may be used for the planned follow-up after the first funding phase B.VI Experience in research management / coordination of international projects and a brief overview of the current state of scientific knowledge and previous work / research for the project topic B.VII Description of existing contacts and cooperation with the target countries in the region B.VIII Information on the research and innovation potential of potential partners in the partner countries B.IX Medium and long-term effectiveness of the proposed measures in terms of the objectives of this call for proposals B.X Detailed work plan and timetable and, if necessary, division of labour and cooperation with existing and potential partners B.XI Structured financing plan with details of the applicants' own resources and financing, divided into the two phases of funding, as well as

 the permissible types and rates of funding (see also 5, a - e.) B.XII Measures to protect intellectual property / IPR B.XIII Suggestions for the evaluation of the proposed activities B.IV Need for project support B.XV Gantt chart The project description (Part B) can be uploaded as a PDF document on pt(outline*.

The project outline provides the basis for the scientific and specific evaluation of the project. The project description should therefore contain comprehensive evidence for all items (see structure for project description above). The description should not exceed 10 pages. The German coordinator has to add to his grant application at least one letter of intent to cooperate from a foreign partner institution in the target countries mentioned in point 1.1. In case of technical questions regarding the internet-based application pt(outline* (but not regarding the content of the call for proposals), please contact the: Projektträger beim Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.

(DLR) Thorsten Krämer / Horst Leiser Received applications for funding will be evaluated according to the following criteria: Compliance with the specified key content and compliance with the prescribed formal requirements Plausibility and potential for success of the overall concept Initiation of new partnerships and development and expansion of existing project consortia Technical and administrative expertise of the German applicant to lead the envisaged project consortium Plausibility and feasibility of the methodology and the work plan and timetable Research and innovation potential of the possible partners in the partner countries Relevant connections of the applicant with the desired partner countries Involvement of companies in the R&D networks, in particular SMEs: Willingness to cooperate within the consortium over the period of the project Benefits of the proposed measures from the German perspective, as well as medium and long-term effectiveness concerning the funding phases Success of the project with regard to funding under a European funding programme Funding decisions will be made after a final review of the applications based on the evaluation criteria mentioned above. Applicants will be informed in writing of the result of the selection process. The applicant has no legal claim to the return of a submitted project outline.

7.2.2 Submission and selection of formal applications In the second phase, applicants whose draft proposals have been evaluated positively will be invited to submit - in coordination with the designated project coordinator- a formal application for funding on which a decision will be taken after a final evaluation. To draft formal applications for funding, applicants must use the web-based application system "easy-online" (in case of a positive assessment, applicants will be provided with the link automatically). Guidelines, instructions, information and supplementary provisions can be found under or can be obtained directly from the project management organization. In all cases, it is essential that the formal application includes at least a German summary of the project description in accordance with the terms and conditions concerning grants on the basis of expenditure or cost. The approval, disbursement and accounting for the funds as well as the evidence of an examination of their use and, if necessary, revocation of the award and the recovery of the funds are governed by the administrative regulations pertaining to Section 44 BHO and Sections 48 to 49a Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz (VwVfG) (Administrative Procedure Act), unless deviation is permitted under the present funding regulations.

8 Entry into force These funding regulations will enter into force on the date of their publication in the Bundesanzeiger (Federal Gazette). They replace the funding regulations dated 3 November 2014 (BAnz AT 03.11.2015 B5) Bonn, 8 July 2016 Federal Ministry of Education and Research Dr. Matthias Hack Cooperation with European Countries, Israel 1 Federal Ministry of Education and Research 2 According to the EU’s definition of SMEs: The category of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises consists of enterprises which employ fewer than 250 people and which have either an annual turnover not exceeding €50 million, or an annual balance sheet total not exceeding €43 million. Within this category, the following definitions apply: Small enterprises are defined as enterprises which employ fewer than 50 persons and whose annual turnover or annual balance sheet total does not exceed €10 million. Micro enterprises are defined as enterprises which employ fewer than 10 persons and whose annual turnover or annual balance sheet total does not exceed €2 million.

In general, most SMEs are autonomous since they are either completely independent or have one or more minority partnerships (each less than 25%) with other enterprises. If that holding rises to no more than 50%, the relationship is deemed to be between partner enterprises. Above that ceiling, the enterprises are linked. Source: und . 3 Research and Development

Question: For administrative purposes, Germany consists of sixteen areas which they call what?
Answer: States