David Marks and Julia Barfield David Marks and Julia Barfield Biography Designers of the London Eye and Kew Gardens Treetop walkway David Marks and Julia Barfield met in 1974. Both were architectural students at the Architecture Association in London and shared a common interest in geometry, vernacular architecture, and in the way nature 'designs' and organises itself so efficiently. They were influenced by the American inventor Richard Buckminster Fuller and his ideas about the social and environmental responsibility of architects. David Marks and Julia Barfield met in 1974. Both were architectural students at the Architecture Association in London and shared a common interest in geometry, vernacular architecture, and in the way nature 'designs' and organises itself so efficiently. They were influenced by the American inventor Richard Buckminster Fuller and his ideas about the social and environmental responsibility of architects. In 1975 they travelled together to South America, working first in Ecuador, and then in Peru where they designed low-cost and self-build community centres and houses in Villa El Salvador, the largest and most rapidly developing squatter settlement on the outskirts of Lima.

On returning to the UK and after completing their studies at the AA, they worked respectively for Richard Rodgers and Norman Foster where they acquired the skills of applying leading-edge technology and modern craftsmanship in architecture. In 1990 they set up their own practice and designed a 'Bridgebuilding' that spanned Regent's Canal at King's Cross; an 'Aquasphere' on the French Mediterranean; they designed an 'Information Age Centre' in the Thames Valley; and won prizes in European competitions. In Liverpool they were commissioned to build an innovative Watersports Centre in Queen's Dock. It was a huge success locally and won prizes for architecture and engineering. When the Sunday Times and the Architecture Foundation held an open competition in 1993 to design a landmark for the millennium, Marks and Barfield believed the millennium offered an opportunity to do something more. Something that would delight the public, celebrate London, and renew the spirit of confidence that was embodied in the Great Exhibition of 1851. They were inspired by such celebratory structures as Paxton's Crystal Palace, Eiffel's Tower, Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty, and Sarinen's St Louis Arch. It has required no public money, no government subsidy, nor lottery funding.

It is accessible to everyone, rich or poor, able or disabled. For Marks and Barfield, architecture and engineering, at their best, merge into art, and are as capable of lifting the spirit and nourishing the soul as any other art form. Marks Barfield Architects - London - Architects Marks Barfield Architects Projects About Us For us design is a powerful tool for good; both social and environmental. At its best it improves the quality of people’s lives and lifts their spirit, while drawing on a minimum of the earth’s limited resources. We are frequently told that the practice is difficult to categorise. Each project is so different from the last. We relish this reaction to our work. Each project; each client; each site; each brief is unique. It would therefore be surprising, in our view, if each project was not distinct. Every project is the product of an approach that strives to stay free of preconceptions and open to possibility and change; yet is informed by analysis, understanding and experience. Our designs, therefore, often lead to unexpected solutions. Above all the design process is lead by our client’s needs, means and aspirations and a response to the site and its context. It is an approach that combines logic with beauty.

We see ourselves, as creative problem solvers - not necessarily thinking consciously about beauty - only how to solve the problem at hand. However, if the outcome is not beautiful then we know something is wrong. Inspiration is drawn from mathematical truths, geometry and nature; combined with an enthusiasm for engineering, technology and innovation - the art of the possible. MBA have received 60+ Awards – for Design, Sustainability, Innovation and Community Benefit. They were short-listed for the Stirling Prize, Architects of the Year 2001, won the Queen’s award for enterprise and Sports and Leisure Architects of the Year 2009. Phone +44 207 501 0180 Fax +44 207 498 7103 David Marks Managing Director David Marks MBE FRSA RIBA was educated at the International School of Geneva and the Architectural Association in London. After spending 7 years at Richard Rogers and Partners he co-founded Marks Barfield Architects with Julia Barfield in 1984.

In 1994 David and Julia founded the London Eye Company and demonstrated a sophisticated business capability in which the roles of architect, client and entrepreneur were skillfully combined. The London Eye has become the most popular attraction in the UK and is recognised as a new symbol of London and the UK. In 2000 David was made an MBE in the Queen’s New Years Honours List, and received the Prince Philip Special Commendation for Outstanding Achievement in Design for Business and Society. In 2001 David was awarded the Faculty of Building Trophy for outstanding work in the field of construction, and Marks Barfield received The Building Architectural Practice of the Year Award. In 2003 Marks Barfield received the Queens Award for Enterprise (Innovation). From 2002 to 2007 David was Chairman of the Waterloo Project Board, a regeneration program in London SE1. In 2007 David was elected a Fellow of the RSA. In 2009 Marks Barfield received the Sports and Leisure Architect of the Year Award.

Julia Barfield Managing Director Julia Barfield MBE FRSA RIBA is Co-founder of Marks Barfield Architects together with husband and partner David Marks They are also the originators and creative entrepreneurs behind the design and realisation of the London Eye. She studied at the Architectural Association (AA) and spent her year out in South America working in the barriada’s of Lima in Peru. Worked for Richard Rogers & Partners and Foster Associates for a total of 9 years and was project architect for the Sackler Galleries in the Royal Academy, Piccadilly, responsible for developing the early design strategy. She has been an Awards assessor for the RIBA and the Civic Trust, and was a member of the CABE National Design Review Panel; Guy’s and St Tomas’s Members Council and Vice President of the AA., and is a Governor of Godolphin & Latymer School. She has lectured in schools, universities and conferences, in both London and overseas including Mexico, Rome and Berlin and at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville.

Julia received an MBE in March 2000 for the London Eye, The Prince Philip Designers Prize ,special commendation and became a Fellow of the RSA in 2007. She has designed award-winning projects in the leisure, transport, education and cultural sectors and has recently completed the Think Tank, an office building for new start up businesses. Ian Rudolph Practice Director Ian Rudolph BA (Hons) Arch, Dip (Hons) Arch RIBA has been a qualified architect since 1995 and joined Marks Barfield Architects as Practice Director in early 2007. He was promoted to a Director of the practice in February 2008. Ian previously worked as the Sector Director for the Workplace Sector of Sheppard Robson. He lead the Abbey Headquarters in Triton Square, and was project manager for Arups’s HQ in Fitzrovia, London and an office building with retail units for the British Land Company plc at 350 Regent’s Place, London.

Ian was also the Sector Director of the Science Sector at Sheppard Robson from 2002-2006, where he project managed the Imperial College London Frameworks Projects and Burlington Danes, an Imaging Centre for Imperial College, GSK and the MRC. He has been involved in refurbishment work for Imperial College London where decant of users was paramount to the success of the project, allowing the refurbishment programme to continue while the buildings were in occupation. With excellent experience within the commercial workplace and science sectors, Ian also has considerable experience of working on complex, large projects within housing, education, retail, transport, and urban planning. As Director for Marks Barfield Architects, Ian’s core responsibilities include risk management, contract negotiations, project administration, quality assurance, health & safety and resources management. Since joining Marks Barfield, he has played an important role with technical reviews for MBA’s current projects. Ian has an overview of all projects in MBA on a daily basis. His experience of completed projects and technical expertise is fed into every design stage of the project, from inception and concept through to completion. His particular first-hand experience of International Projects is invaluable for MBA’s many clients.

Architects David Marks and Julia Barfield: how we made the London Eye | Culture | The Guardian How we made Architects David Marks and Julia Barfield: how we made the London Eye David Marks: ‘Our house and our livelihoods were on the line. Then – in front of the world’s media – it didn’t lift up’ ‘The trip round is as important as the view’ … the London Eye. Photograph: Garry Weaser for the Guardian Close David Marks, architect In 1993, a competition was launched for a landmark to commemorate the new millennium. There was no specific site and no commitment to build anything, but the designs would be published in the Sunday Times, so we thought it would be great publicity. We didn’t think a tower was right for London . How could you compete with the Eiffel tower? We didn’t even go there. Then one morning it hit me: a wheel is how to get people up high easily, efficiently and effortlessly. I thought it could go in Hyde Park, where the Great Exhibition took place. But my wife and fellow architect Julia said no – the obvious spot was the South Bank, where the Festival of Britain was. We had our idea and our location.

But we didn’t win the competition. Nobody did – the judges didn’t think any of the ideas were good enough. We were narked. We had a great idea and no one was going to see it. So we said: “Let’s just do it.” We put in a planning application, but it wasn’t just the council we had to convince. We had to meet with County Hall, the Southbank Centre, the Arts Council, the Port Authority, every organisation in London to do with the river and the environment, plus all 32 boroughs and the City of London! Pinterest The Eye awaits lift-off. Photograph: Alastair Grant/AP The most negative meeting we had was with the then chairman of the Royal Fine Art Commission, Lord St John of Fawsley . The RFAC was set up to review projects of national significance, so it was an honour to present to them. But when we got there, he continually interrupted us. It was incredibly rude. He thought the Eye was going to ruin London – he said it should go to Cardiff. He thought he was going to kill off our idea.

We were unpopular with every building site in the city – we had all the cement in London Certainly, for years, nobody thought it would be built. But we didn’t give up. I don’t know if people underestimated us, or we were just stubborn, At one point, we had our house, our whole livelihood on the line. The point of no return happened when the first quarter-rim came up the river and they opened Tower Bridge for it. The whole wheel weighs 600 tonnes and each pod 10. All in all, a couple of thousand tonnes of material came up the Thames. Pinterest Room with a view … at the top of the London Eye Photograph: Antonio Olmos The Eye was meant to be bigger – 500ft high with 60 pods holding 16 people. But we put together a mockup in the French village where the pods are made and dragged it along at different speeds to see how easy it was for people to get in and out – the entire village turned out to help us. The pods were so spacious 25 people could fit inside and we realised that, if you had fewer pods, there’d be more space between them and therefore better views.

So we reduced the number to 32. The wheel got shrunk after the project went over budget, but you do see very well at its final height of 443ft. There was an embarrassing moment in 1999 when the Eye, which been built flat on the river on eight temporary islands, didn’t lift up first time. It was the largest object that had ever been lifted from the horizontal to the vertical , but a cable came loose dramatically, in front of the world’s media. Virgin had fun with that, since British Airways was sponsoring the Eye. Richard Branson flew a balloon overhead that said: “BA can’t get it up!” The Eye is finally inched into position in 1999. Photograph: Martin Godwin Julia Barfield, architect There’s a myth that we had to change the whole foundations of the South Bank for the Eye. Actually, there were already good foundations there, although we did have to stabilise the spot that holds the tension cables. That day, all the cement lorries in London had to turn up at once because it all had to be wet at the same time. We were very unpopular with every building site in the city – we had all the cement in London.

For years, there was pressure from the South Bank and from the then mayor Ken Livingstone to up the rent. Everyone was trying to extract as much money as possible. I don’t blame them. The thing we’re most proud of is that, when we renegotiated the long-term plan in 2006, we ensured the Eye contributed 1% of ticket revenues in perpetuity to the local community. The best thing about the Eye is the journey. It’s not like the Eiffel tower, where you get in a dark lift and come out on to a platform at the top. The trip round is as important as the view. Although the Eye’s never come close to closing, it’s not completely permanent. It has a 20-year lease. But it’ll stay open for ever if it’s well looked after – and people still want to go on it. London Eye architects Marks Barfield on their maddest project yet London Eye architects Marks Barfield on their maddest project yet Architects David Marks and Julia Barfield changed London’s skyline with the London Eye.

Credit: Simon Roberts Dominic Bradbury 9 July 2016 • 6:00am Few architects can claim to have brought such true pleasure to the people as David Marks and Julia Barfield. As the inventors and designers of the London Eye they have given delight to millions; creating a fresh landmark for the capital’s skyline but also offering a thrilling experience in itself. The completion of the London Eye was a miracle of sorts, given the scale of the challenges and obstacles the pair faced to get it built. Now husband-and-wife team Marks and Barfield are offering their audience a second miracle, founded on exactly the same pleasure principles, but in a very different location and with a very different solution. Vision for Brighton Marks Barfield Architects have, quite literally, reinvented the wheel and have created the i360 , a vertical cable car with a sculpted viewing pod, perching lightly upon Brighton’s seafront. ‘A few years ago we went on a balloon flight over the River Dordogne for my daughter’s birthday,’ says Marks, ‘and it was stunning to be floating in the air and taken along by the wind.

The London Eye: Marks Barfield’s groundbreaking project, completed in 1999 Credit: Getty 'There’s something about that feeling of floating above the earth that is so calming but so exciting at the same time. I suppose the idea of being above everything is inherent in us all. How many of us have never dreamt of flying?’ Like the London Eye, Brighton’s i360 offers a unique perspective upon the world below. It takes the form of a slender mast that will be 568ft high (when the spire is added), which supports a sculpted, doughnut-shaped pod, with glass windows and a reflective mirrored underside. The pod takes up to 200 people at a time skyward over a flight time of 20 (daytime) or 30 minutes (evening). Breathtaking views The views from the top, in clear conditions, stretch for 26 miles, taking in the sea, the coastline and the Sussex Downs. ‘After the London Eye we did have lots of people phoning us up saying, “We’ll have one of those,”’ says Barfield. Olympic torch rides on the London Eye Play!

01:15 ‘But you can’t just replicate it anywhere. The Eye cost £86 million back in 2000 and so you need the right circumstances, the right number of visitors, the right location and a fantastic view to look at to make it work. ‘There is something wonderful about being so high up, so we decided to redesign the experience with a completely different architectural solution and with something that would be a lot cheaper to build and run. That’s where i360 came from and Brighton seemed the perfect place for it because it has the footfall, the setting, the tourism and a history of daring projects.’ The views from the top, in clear conditions, stretch for 26 miles, taking in the sea, the coastline and the Sussex Downs The new landmark is a slight and slender presence upon Brighton’s seafront, yet i360 is already having a big impact. It sits within the context of a gradual but marked revival in seaside resorts, which has also seen the arrival of David Chipperfield’s Turner Contemporary gallery in Margate and HAT Projects’ Jerwood Gallery in Hastings, which has also just celebrated the reopening of its pier.

Eye for design The i360 itself has been described as a ‘vertical pier’, which sits on the landward side of Brighton’s derelict West Pier, designed by the masterful Victorian architect-engineer Eugenius Birch. The West Pier opened 150 years ago, in 1866. At the opening ceremony – as David Marks tells me – it was poetically described as a ‘kind of butterfly upon the ocean to carry visitors upon its wings’. It was one of many elegant Victorian pleasure piers designed by Birch and his contemporaries that fed the growing appetite for seaside pleasure trips, encouraged by the growth of the railways. Vision for Brighton: The i360 Credit: Simon Roberts During its heyday it attracted as many as two million visitors a year, but began to spiral into decline in the 1950s and ’60s and could not compete with the Palace Pier close by. Despite its beauty, Grade I listed status and numerous attempts to save it by the West Pier Trust, it began to collapse into the sea and its death sentence was written in fire after two arson attacks in 2003. Today, just a fragmented ghost shell remains, floating out to sea.

‘It would be really wonderful if we could just freeze what was left, but that’s not possible – it’s too precarious,’ says Barfield. ‘What happened to the West Pier is so sad, but the fact that we are building on the heritage of the original pier is very fitting, along with the idea of a 21st-century vertical pier. 'The parallels with Eugenius Birch are certainly there with the use of innovative technology and engineering.’ Future thinking architects Julia Barfield and David Marks, both 63, first met at the Architectural Association (AA) in central London where one of their most inspirational tutors, Keith Critchlow, had been a student of their architectural hero, Richard Buckminster Fuller, who invented the geodesic dome. Barfield was born in Buckinghamshire; her father, an agricultural economist, and her mother, a headteacher, moved the family to London when she was four; she has thought of herself as a Londoner ever since. A friend of the family was an architect and sparked her interest. Her parents were also great travellers and took their daughter all over Europe and beyond, encouraging her interest in art, culture and design.

Sights to see along the way: London Eye David Marks’s father, Melville Marks, was another inspirational figure; his motto ‘never take no for an answer’ forms a frontispiece to a book on the history of the London Eye. Along the way Melville Marks helped Holocaust survivors find their way to Palestine, served as a Mossad agent in Turkey, was a journalist at the United Nations and invented the Montreux Rose d’Or television awards along with a few magazines and his own press relations agency. Skiing, Scandinavia and super pods David Marks was born in Sweden but grew up in Switzerland, attending an international school in Geneva. He developed an early love of the mountains and skiing, a pursuit rekindled after visiting Poma, the French company that made the pods for the London Eye and also the new super pod for i360; the family now go skiing every year. Marks moved to London to attend the AA in 1974 and never left. Marks and Barfield spent their working year out from the AA together in South America, helping to design a community centre and housing systems for a squatter settlement in Lima, Peru.

Another #bai360 podtastic image of the lighting tests a couple of weeks ago. Thanks to Andy Gardner on FB pic.twitter.com/tLAPe7dBQr — British Airways i360 (@BA_i360) 5 July 2016 Back at the AA they helped build a few Fuller-style domes and other structures as part of the school’s lightweight-structures research unit. When the two of them graduated, Marks and Barfield found that there wasn’t much real work to be had. They eventually found themselves making architectural models for Richard Rogers . After a while, they were invited to join the architecture team and Marks began working on the Lloyd’s Building, while Barfield served in the unit working on the design of the Inmos Microprocessor Factory in Wales. In all, Marks worked with Rogers for seven years and Barfield for two, then six in Norman Foster’s office. ‘They were really formative years,’ says Barfield. ‘When we joined Rogers it was quite a small practice and we were there at a period of phenomenal growth and innovation and it was a great time; Richard and Ruthie Rogers were so generous and constantly inviting people over to dinner.

‘There are many things that we learnt at Rogers: working as a team; the importance of analysis and really thinking through problems and solving them with a minimum of means and resources. It’s about touching the ground lightly and minimising the environmental impact while maximising the benefits of a building for the user.’ Husband and wife partnership Marks and Barfield married in 1981 while they were still at Richard Rogers’ office. They have lived in Stockwell ever since they were students and now have three grown-up children: Maya, who is currently working at Kew Gardens, Sarah, who is volunteering at the Natural History Museum before taking a Masters at Imperial College, and Ben, who is an architect with a couple of buildings and awards to his name already; he is helping out while the practice completes i360, but his parents expect him to strike out on his own. The story of Marks and Barfield’s own practice, rather like the Eye and i360, has been a rollercoaster. They started the company in 1989, with a home office, focusing on house extensions.

A few years later they won a major competition for a £35 million technology centre and were encouraged to set up a full professional office, with all of its overheads, only to watch the project become the victim of recession. The view from Brighton Pier towards the West Pier and the Marks Barfield i360 Credit: Simon Roberts ‘Architecture is like that – ups and downs,’ says Barfield. ‘We went into a competition to design a London landmark for the millennium as a way of cheering ourselves up. 'There was a definite feeling that we were in a deep hole and that we needed to get out of it somehow. We had mortgaged the house and, yes, it was tough.’ With the support of Bob Ayling, then head of British Airways, they managed to pull off the miracle, forming a company to build and manage the London Eye. A financial rollercoaster The i360 has also been a tale of ups and downs. The project began back in 2006 after Marks and Barfield sold their own stake in the London Eye, which is now owned and run by The Tussauds Group.

They decided to reinvest much of their profits from the London Eye into i360 – a total of £6 million of Marks Barfield Architects’ money and practice time – yet still needed to secure funding for the rest of the £46 million budget in the face of a new recession. Eventually, Brighton & Hove City Council – seeing the catalytic potential of the project for tourism – arranged a loan for the bulk of the budget. The challenge is how to make it viable. If there is a way of creating something light and delicate, floating above the waves, then that would be a wonderful thing to do Marks Barfield The West Pier Trust agreed to lease i360 its site on the beachfront. Construction began in 2014 and i360 opens this summer. The construction company Hollandia landed a series of 17 steel cans on the beach by barge and jacked them up one by one to create the slender mast. A counterweight and winding cables support the pod, which is protected by a whole series of safety measures.

The base building holds a 400-cover restaurant, The Belle Vue ,with an emphasis on local Sussex produce, while two booths from the original West Pier have been reconstructed to serve as a ticket office and a cafe. The doughnut at floor level Credit: Getty Along with the effects on tourism and local development, both Marks Barfield and the West Pier Trust hope that i360 could help make the prospect of a new 21st-century sea pier more likely one day in the future. ‘It is a lovely idea,’ says Marks. ‘The challenge is how to make it viable. If there is a way of creating something light and delicate, floating above the waves, then that would be a wonderful thing to do.’ For Marks Barfield there are also many other projects to attend to. There’s a £17 million new mosque in Cambridge underway, as well as the University of Cambridge Primary School – a flagship university training facility and free school. Then there are fresh plans for a new Aerial Cable Car in Chicago.

In the city that played host to the very first big wheel back in 1893 – designed by another architect-engineer, George Ferris – the Aerial Cable Car would connect the city’s Navy Pier to downtown Chicago. Onwards and upwards For the future, there could also be i360s in other parts of the world. Marks Barfield – who are the majority shareholders of i360 with around 80 per cent of the equity – have been careful, this time around, to patent the design, although they promise that there won’t be ‘a cookie-cutter approach’. Theirs is a uniquely entrepreneurial attitude, full of educated risks, that has now resulted in two of Britain’s most innovative and delightful buildings. They are both modest about the level of courage involved to generate such projects, but surely there is a degree of bravery to the model, combined with the possibility of extraordinary rewards. There have been plenty of times over the last 10 years where people have said, don’t you think you should walk away? But we stuck with it ‘They are calculated risks that we take, not silly risks,’ says Marks. ‘We work with a lot of very skilled professionals in a whole range of different fields on these projects.

If it means that we can add to the environment and create something that people enjoy – getting back to the pleasure principle – then why not? 'What else would we do with the money? Buy a chateau or a yacht? That’s not us. We were lucky enough to benefit from the London Eye and now we are ploughing it back and the time does feel right for i360. ‘There have been plenty of times over the last 10 years where people have said, don’t you think you should walk away? But we stuck with it and every time we thought about it and looked at all the people who have supported us and who were looking forward to it happening, then there was no way that we were going to let them down. 'Every time we looked at it, then it still made sense, so we never let it go.’ Marks Barfield Architects - London - Architekten Marks Barfield Architects Projekte About Us For us design is a powerful tool for good; both social and environmental. At its best it improves the quality of people’s lives and lifts their spirit, while drawing on a minimum of the earth’s limited resources. We are frequently told that the practice is difficult to categorise.

Each project is so different from the last. We relish this reaction to our work. Each project; each client; each site; each brief is unique. It would therefore be surprising, in our view, if each project was not distinct. Every project is the product of an approach that strives to stay free of preconceptions and open to possibility and change; yet is informed by analysis, understanding and experience. Our designs, therefore, often lead to unexpected solutions. Above all the design process is lead by our client’s needs, means and aspirations and a response to the site and its context. It is an approach that combines logic with beauty. We see ourselves, as creative problem solvers - not necessarily thinking consciously about beauty - only how to solve the problem at hand. However, if the outcome is not beautiful then we know something is wrong. Inspiration is drawn from mathematical truths, geometry and nature; combined with an enthusiasm for engineering, technology and innovation - the art of the possible. MBA have received 60+ Awards – for Design, Sustainability, Innovation and Community Benefit.

They were short-listed for the Stirling Prize, Architects of the Year 2001, won the Queen’s award for enterprise and Sports and Leisure Architects of the Year 2009. Telefon +44 207 501 0180 Fax +44 207 498 7103 David Marks Managing Director David Marks MBE FRSA RIBA was educated at the International School of Geneva and the Architectural Association in London. After spending 7 years at Richard Rogers and Partners he co-founded Marks Barfield Architects with Julia Barfield in 1984. In 1994 David and Julia founded the London Eye Company and demonstrated a sophisticated business capability in which the roles of architect, client and entrepreneur were skillfully combined. The London Eye has become the most popular attraction in the UK and is recognised as a new symbol of London and the UK. In 2000 David was made an MBE in the Queen’s New Years Honours List, and received the Prince Philip Special Commendation for Outstanding Achievement in Design for Business and Society.

In 2001 David was awarded the Faculty of Building Trophy for outstanding work in the field of construction, and Marks Barfield received The Building Architectural Practice of the Year Award. In 2003 Marks Barfield received the Queens Award for Enterprise (Innovation). From 2002 to 2007 David was Chairman of the Waterloo Project Board, a regeneration program in London SE1. In 2007 David was elected a Fellow of the RSA. In 2009 Marks Barfield received the Sports and Leisure Architect of the Year Award. Julia Barfield Managing Director Julia Barfield MBE FRSA RIBA is Co-founder of Marks Barfield Architects together with husband and partner David Marks They are also the originators and creative entrepreneurs behind the design and realisation of the London Eye. She studied at the Architectural Association (AA) and spent her year out in South America working in the barriada’s of Lima in Peru. Worked for Richard Rogers & Partners and Foster Associates for a total of 9 years and was project architect for the Sackler Galleries in the Royal Academy, Piccadilly, responsible for developing the early design strategy.

She has been an Awards assessor for the RIBA and the Civic Trust, and was a member of the CABE National Design Review Panel; Guy’s and St Tomas’s Members Council and Vice President of the AA., and is a Governor of Godolphin & Latymer School. She has lectured in schools, universities and conferences, in both London and overseas including Mexico, Rome and Berlin and at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Julia received an MBE in March 2000 for the London Eye, The Prince Philip Designers Prize ,special commendation and became a Fellow of the RSA in 2007. She has designed award-winning projects in the leisure, transport, education and cultural sectors and has recently completed the Think Tank, an office building for new start up businesses. Ian Rudolph Practice Director Ian Rudolph BA (Hons) Arch, Dip (Hons) Arch RIBA has been a qualified architect since 1995 and joined Marks Barfield Architects as Practice Director in early 2007. He was promoted to a Director of the practice in February 2008. Ian previously worked as the Sector Director for the Workplace Sector of Sheppard Robson.

He lead the Abbey Headquarters in Triton Square, and was project manager for Arups’s HQ in Fitzrovia, London and an office building with retail units for the British Land Company plc at 350 Regent’s Place, London. Ian was also the Sector Director of the Science Sector at Sheppard Robson from 2002-2006, where he project managed the Imperial College London Frameworks Projects and Burlington Danes, an Imaging Centre for Imperial College, GSK and the MRC. He has been involved in refurbishment work for Imperial College London where decant of users was paramount to the success of the project, allowing the refurbishment programme to continue while the buildings were in occupation. With excellent experience within the commercial workplace and science sectors, Ian also has considerable experience of working on complex, large projects within housing, education, retail, transport, and urban planning. As Director for Marks Barfield Architects, Ian’s core responsibilities include risk management, contract negotiations, project administration, quality assurance, health & safety and resources management. Since joining Marks Barfield, he has played an important role with technical reviews for MBA’s current projects. Ian has an overview of all projects in MBA on a daily basis.

His experience of completed projects and technical expertise is fed into every design stage of the project, from inception and concept through to completion. His particular first-hand experience of International Projects is invaluable for MBA’s many clients. Designers of the London Eye create new landmark for Brighton | News | Archinect Designers of the London Eye create new landmark for Brighton Eleanor Marshall Jul 11 '16 1 3 Image courtesy of British Airways i360/Kevin Meredith Marks Barfield Architects have, quite literally, reinvented the wheel and have created the i360, a vertical cable car with a sculpted viewing pod, perching lightly upon Brighton’s seafront... It takes the form of a slender mast that will be 568ft high (when the spire is added), which supports a sculpted, doughnut-shaped pod, with glass windows and a reflective mirrored underside. The pod takes up to 200 people at a time skyward over a flight time of 20 (daytime) or 30 minutes (evening).

— Dominic Bradbury - The Telegraph Due to open this summer, the British Airways i360 is a new futuristic landmark for Brighton’s seafront designed by architects David Marks and Julia Barfield . It is hoped that the BA i360 will herald a new touristic golden age for Brighton, replicating the success of the London eye on Brighton’s seafront. The i360 will be possibly be advertised on British Airways flights to the UK, in an international revival of Brighton's ambitions. Inclusive of the immediate community, there will be half price tickets for Brighton residents and free entry for state school children in Brighton and Hove once in their school career. There is also to be a restaurant at the base of the tower, and the restoration of a pair of original building on the West Pier. The BA i360 June 2016 - Image courtesy of British Airways i360/Kevin Meredith In juxtaposition to the i360 tower, the Grade I listed West Pier is situated adjacent. The condemned structure is a skeleton from the golden age of domestic holidaying.

The i360's form has a rather UFO-like quality that fits into the novelty atmosphere of the Brighton seaside, so it is perhaps not so far removed from the original ambitions and spectacle of the dilapidated West Pier. Marks and Barfield both trained at the AA under tutors who were influenced by the pioneer of geodesic dome construction, Buckminster Fuller . Speaking to the Telegraph , Julia Barfield explains: ‘What happened to the West Pier is so sad, but the fact that we are building on the heritage of the original pier is very fitting, along with the idea of a 21st-century vertical pier.' Construction of the tower, 2015 - Image Eleanor Marshall Brighton’s seafront has a legacy of architectural ambition. Eight years after a controversial scheme by Frank Gehry was dropped, the Stirling Prize winners Haworth Tompkin s have replaced it with a soberer scheme . When the shiny new BA i360 tower is revealed this summer it will be a new chapter in Brighton’s history of seafront amusements, as the remains of the West Pier crumble into the sea.

Read related articles: London Eye | Marks Barfield Marks Barfield Featured, Leisure and Sports, Public Realm, Research and Development, Self-Generated Cost: Consulting engineers: Tony Gee & Partners, Beckett Rankine (marine) Awards 25 awards for design, innovation, engineering & tourism, including; 2003 - Queen's Award for Enterprize Innovation, 2001 - ISE Structural Award, 2000 - Prince Phillip Designers Prize, Special Commendation, 2000 - RIBA Award, Shortlisted for the Stirling Prize, 2003, 2004, 2005 - CoolBrands, 2001 - D&AD Award, Gold and Silver. The London Eye has captured the public’s imagination. Since opening, over fifty million visitors have enjoyed unparalleled views over the capital, and it has also made a significant contribution to the regeneration of the South Bank area. David Marks and Julia Barfield not only conceived and designed the wheel, they also took the entrepreneurial approach in establishing the London Eye Company which made it a reality.

“There is an innate desire in all men to view the earth and its cities and plains from exceeding high places…. for it is an excuisite treat to all minds to find that they have the power, by their mere vision, of extending their conciousness to scenes and objects that are miles away” Henry Mayhew, 1862 “If the great spate of new buildings in London has any theme it is that the city is moving from imperial grandeur and industry to a lighter, more fluid future, a city which lives on its communications, tourism and its culture and wits. The wheel is entirely open and democratic, lighter and airier than any other structure in the land”. Andrew Marr, The Observer, October 1999 Read more The London Eye has become a symbol of modern Britain and was a centre piece of the capital’s New Year celebrations. A breathtaking feat of design and engineering, passengers in the London Eye’s capsules can see up to 25 miles in all directions. “In pursuing their dream Marks and Barfield have given London something remarkable – huge in scale but light in feeling.

Technology has been pursued to an extreme and produced an aesthetic refinement to which the public have responded with extraordinary enthusiasm.” Sir Jeremy Dixon, Architecture Today, May 2000 “…the double act … David Marks and Julia Barfield. Together they have altered the townscape of London in spectacular fashion by masterminding the design and construction of the British Airways London Eye. The great wheel. Not only were they the architects and designers of this fantastic combination of strength, innovative engineering, visual style and playfulness but they also had the sheer tenacity to see the project through over a period of seven years. That meant raising the money to finance the enterprise as well as putting together an international team of specialists to make it a reality and construct it in just 14 months. The London Eye has put architecture, design and engineering centre stage by catching the imagination of the British public and of visitors to London, and by becoming one of the city’s most popular landmarks. The Eye attracted more than two million paying visitors in its first six months.” Sir Christopher Frayling, 2001 Marks Barfield | Practice Marks Barfield Sustainability Sustainability Marks Barfield takes a holistic approach to sustainable development.

It recognises that sustainable development encompasses economic, social and environmental issues, and is not confined to the building envelope. The practice has received ISO 14001 accreditation which highlights a commitment to sustainability in both the performance in the office and throughout the lifetime of the projects. Marks Barfield has experience in many key sustainable design areas which we use to assess projects, such as solar orientation, photovoltaic cells, passive heating and cooling, natural ventilation enabled by chimney stacks, orientation, the use of local features such as water to create cooling, grey water schemes and drilling down to aqua levels to obtain water. Hazardous materials are not specified, only timber from managed renewable sources and endeavours are made to check all materials for sustainability and conditions of production. Marks Barfield would manage the Quality Control and early checking of construction information and drawings as well as inspecting control samples of work to avoid waste during construction. Marks Barfield believe that services engineers should be involved in the design process at the earliest stage and recognise that their contribution can influence the orientation, the form and skin of the building. The external environment can supply useful energy to a building in the form of light, heat and cooling, and water.

The energy needs of the building can be reduced by using the building skin as a filter or moderator of a free energy exchange between the internal and the external environment. Low Emissions Automated Lighting and Temperature Control Building Energy Management Systems Geothermal / Ground Source Heat Pump Air-Source Heat Pump Non V. O. C. Paint Green Specification Guidance Maximise locally sourced materials to minimise transport Forestry Stewardship Council Approved Timber Reduce Construction Wastage Materials Chosen for Durability and Long Life Easily Demountable and Recyclable Materials Robust Detailing Work with us We are seeking creative, original and enthusiastic individuals to join our practice. We believe that successful projects come from good intelligence and great teamwork. Marks Barfield Architects are ambitious and demanding of excellence. Our philosophy is based on recruiting and developing people who are enthusiastic, talented and who share our values. We aim to help you achieve your professional ambitions and strive to provide a nurturing environment in which to develop your individual talents. We aim to create and deliver great architecture in an environment that is democratic, imaginative and a pleasure to experience. As a practice, we want to inspire people. We are ambitious, personal and demanding of excellence and fun.

Since 2002 we have been on 8 office trips to the following destinations: Barcelona, New York, Venice, Naples, Granada, Madrid, Kew and Berlin. If you’d like to apply for a position at Marks Barfield, please email your CV + covering letter / portfolio (if relevant) to careers@marksbarfield.com, quoting the position you are applying for in the subject title. Current Opportunities Architect We are currently looking for an architect with a minimum of two-three years’ post Part-II experience to join our talented team. Applicants will have good CAD 3D, UK Building Regulations and construction awareness. Knowledge of Revit is an advantage and suitable applicants will be required to take a Revit test. Good technical detail knowledge needs to be obvious from your portfolio. Architectural Assistant We are currently looking for a Part-II architectural assistant to join our talented team. Applicants will have an excellent design portfolio. Office Manager We are currently looking for an Office Manager / Personal Assistant / Accounts Administrator to support our talented team. People Our People Our approach is underpinned by a strong commitment to quality – of people and processes – at every stage from concept to delivery and we put integrity at the heart of our practice.

We are in the business of inspiring people. Our philosophy is to provide an architecture that is humane, accessible and a pleasure to experience. We cross the boundaries of sector definitions through our depth and breadth of experience in many different areas. Marks Barfield is ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001 accredited. David Marks MBE FRSA RIBA Managing Director dmarks@marksbarfield.com Joint Managing Director with Julia Barfield of Marks Barfield Architects. Together with Julia Barfield, David leads the practice and overviews all projects. David has extensive experience in public and statutory consultation, handling multiple stakeholder representations, and obtaining collective decisions and approvals. David is an architect with a commitment to innovation and excellence combined with a passionate belief that well-designed buildings and structures brings vitality and enjoyment into people’s lives. His approach is underpinned by a focus on quality – of people and processes – at every stage of a project from concept to delivery. He enjoys turning complex and challenging briefs into solutions that reflect a sophisticated simplicity. His love of natural form and zeal for innovation is a strong influence on his design approach.

David and Julia founded the London Eye Company and remained directors and shareholders until they sold their stake in 2006. As Managing Director of the company, David led the team that secured the partners and funding that made the London Eye a reality. The London Eye has become the most popular attraction in the UK and is recognised as a new symbol of London and the UK. David was made MBE in the Queen’s New Year Honours List 2000; received the Prince Philip Designers Prize Special Commendation for Outstanding Achievement in Design for Business and Society 2000; the Faculty of Building Trophy for Outstanding Work in the Field of Construction 2001; and Pride of Britain Award for Innovation 2001. Between 2002 and 2007 David was Chairman of the Waterloo Project Board, a transformative £19 million regeneration programme, which helped to bring about tangible improvements to everyday life for local residents, employees, and community organisations in London SE1.

Julia Barfield FRSA MBE RIBA Managing Director jbarfield@marksbarfield.com Founding Director of Marks Barfield Architects (MBA) in 1989 together with husband and partner David Marks – also the originators and creative entrepreneurs behind the London Eye . Studied at the Architectural Association (AA), spent year out in South America working in the barriadas of Lima, Peru. Worked for Richard Rogers & Partners and Foster Associates for 9 yrs; was project architect for the Sackler Galleries in the Royal Academy, Piccadilly, responsible for developing the early design strategy. Julia is involved in all the diverse projects undertaken by the practice, from culture and education to bridges and transport; sports and leisure and master planning. She received the Prince Philip Designers’ Prize, special commendation and ‘Queen’s Award for Enterprise & Innovation’ 2003. MBA has been short-listed for the Stirling Prize, won The Building ‘Architectural Practice of the Year’ 2001 & BD Sports and Leisure ‘Architects of the Year’ 2009. MBA has won more than 60 awards for Design, Innovation and Sustainability.

Julia has been an Awards’ assessor for RIBA and Civic Trust and a judge for a number of Architectural competitions, most recently the RIBA Forgotten Spaces Competition. She was on the CABE National Design Review Panel – 5 yrs; Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital Members’ Council – 5yrs, and is on the Earl’s Court Design Review Panel and the Olympic Park Quality Review Panel. Julia is a past Vice President of the AA and is a Governor at Godolphin & Latymer School. She lectures at conferences and universities; is an advisor for the Interdisciplinary Design for the Built Environment Masters’ course at Cambridge University and an external examiner for Architecture at Queen’s University Belfast. Ian Rudolph BA (Hons) Arch, Dip (Hons) Arch RIBA Practice Director irudolph@marksbarfield.com Ian has been a qualified architect since 1995. He joined Marks Barfield Architects as Practice Director in early 2007, and was promoted to a company Director in February 2008. In the last 6 years, Ian has overseen the operation and delivery of a diverse range of UK and International architectural projects across many sectors.

Ian leads an award winning and talented team that delivers bespoke solutions in a cost effective way. Before joining Marks Barfield, Ian worked as Sector Director for Workplace and Sector Director of Science at Sheppard Robson. He also lead project teams such as the Santander HQ in Triton Square, London, the Arup HQ Phase 2 in Fitzrovia, London, the Imperial College London Frameworks Projects, and Burlington Danes, a Healthcare Research Imaging Centre for Imperial College London, GSK and the MRC. With a depth of experience within the workplace and science sectors, Ian also has considerable experience of working on complex, large projects within education, retail, transport, sports & leisure, arts & culture, and housing sectors, and also visitor attractions. gcollins@marksbarfield.com Gemma studied architecture at Manchester University and the Royal College of Art and now has 15 years of building experience. She joined Marks Barfield Architects in 2001. Gemma became a Director at Marks Barfield Architects in 2014. Gemma is our Health and Safety Manager and our Sustainability Champion, she oversees, reviews and monitors the office’s Environmental Management System and Environmental objectives.

Gemma is very hands on and has wide experience in working with clients, key stakeholders and other designers to gather information from the multitude of entities and is able to interpret, challenge and present these in unison with the overall development strategy. She has a particular interest in creating community buildings where different users need to be brought together to create multifunctional buildings that become part of the success of community. This collaborative approach has evolved from Gemma delivering the awarding winning Lightbox and ThinkTank for Marks Barfield. She is experienced in public consultation and presenting to key stakeholders, user groups, liaising with planners, English Heritage and other interested bodies. She is skilled in understanding and highlighting the projects’ risks and mitigating these at an early stage. Gemma is working with the Social Mobility Foundation providing social mobility mentoring to local A level students. Gemma acts as a mentor to trainee architects (RIBA Part 2) within the office. Gemma has the Construction Skills Health and Safety accreditation for site competency. icrockford@marksbarfield.com Ian joined Marks Barfield Architects in 2006 and in 2014 became a Director.

Ian has over 20 years of hands-on, construction & project-running experience, garnered from working in various sectors including: Education, Sports & Leisure, Office & Commercial and Transport. He has successfully delivered complex projects, both in the UK and overseas. In addition to his project roles, Ian also oversees the technical delivery of the practice’s output, holding technical reviews for each project at key points in the project development, to ensure that each project is both statutorily compliant and deliverable. mthomson@marksbarfield.com Magali Thomson, Director and Team Leader, studied architecture at the Architectural Association and Oxford Brookes University. She has worked for Ian Simpson Architects, Squire and Partners and Studio E Architects, where she was Architect on a number of listed and new build residential, office and mixed use developments. At Studio E, her interest in education began as she worked as Project Architect on two primary schools in Bexley. This interest has evolved into her specialisation, and she now runs the Education Team at Marks Barfield. She was project architect for The Michael Tippett School , which is the first BSF school to open in London, both on time and on budget.

The school won two awards at the 2008 Excellence in BSF Awards for ‘Best Design for New School’, and the ‘Grand Prix Award’. It has also received a commendation at the Civic Trust Awards in 2009, and is a CABE exemplar. Since then Magali has been involved in a secondary school which forms part of Birmingham’s BSF, an Islamic School in Brent, a feasibility study for a new Academy in Sussex , with boarding facilities and including refurbishment of a Grade II* Listed Building and several bids for primary, secondary, SEN and Independent schools. She has ongoing relationships with many contractor clients on the Academy Framework with ongoing bid submissions. Magali is experienced in absorbing information from the multitude of entities which are often involved in education and capital projects, and is able to interpret, challenge and present these. Yevgeniy Beylkin ARB RIBA AIA Int Assoc CSCS MArch BArch Associate ybeylkin@marksbarfield.com Yevgeniy Beylkin joined Marks Barfield Architects in 2008.

Since joining the practice, Yevgeniy has led a number of major projects that included: British High Commission in New Delhi, Devonshire Park in Eastbourne, and recently completed Publicis London HQ . Prior to joining MBA, Yevgeniy worked as a Project Leader for the offices of Zaha Hadid Architects. He has over 10 years of experience in architecture and 3 years in construction management. Yevgeniy has taught post-graduate courses at the Dessau Institute of Architecture in Germany and continues to mentor local A level students as part of the Social Mobility Foundation scheme. Yevgeniy is experienced in presenting to client-stakeholder groups and liaising with statutory bodies. He places high emphasis on design quality and is always looking for ways to bring added value to projects. Alongside his role as an Associate, Yevgeniy’s responsibilities include management of practice’s IT support, compliance with ISO 9001 certification, and implementation and observation of risk management systems. Yevgeniy was awarded the Certificate in Professional Practice and Management in Architecture, ARB/RIBA Part 3 from the Bartlett University College London.

He holds a Bachelor Degree in Architecture from Syracuse University in United States, a Master Degree in Architecture form Architectural Association in London, and a Construction Skills Health and Safety accreditation for site competency. Brenda Kim BAS BArch ARB RIBA Associate bkim@marksbarfield.com Brenda studied Architecture at The University of Auckland in New Zealand. She also studied at the Seoul National University in Korea as an exchange student with scholarship. Afterwards, Brenda worked at Shanahan Architects Ltd. as a project leader delivering a number of residential projects, ranging from residential masterplan to luxury private houses. In 2007 Brenda moved to the United Kingdom and worked at Foster and Partners. She worked on a wide range of international projects such as high density residential projects in Almaty, Kazakhstan, winning competitions including mixed use Huadu masterplan in Beijing, China. She designed the executive rooftop restaurant / leisure centre and luxury apartments on The Skymark, a mixed use tower in Istanbul, Turkey. Since joining Marks Barfield, Brenda has been involved in education sector including Islamia Primary School , Stormont House School , and Saltley School delivering projects from concept stage to completion.

Currently, she is working as a project leader for Greenwich Central Marketing Hub, which comprises of a new central marketing building, a cafe, retail and restaurant building to the south of the Peninsula Square at Greenwich Peninsula. Brenda’s design approach is focused on the spatial experience of the architecture within its physical and environmental context. Her passion to spatial design is driven by the history, the culture, and the people while bringing a poetic attention and a strategic planning to the client’s brief. Georgina Vizor ARB RIBA Architect Before joining Marks Barfield, Georgina worked for Hopkins Architects and helped to deliver a wide range of projects in commercial, residential and education sectors. These included a high end residential block in Jersey, a new music school for Bryanston, and a new Library for the University of East London in Stratford. Georgina studied at the University of Manchester and University of Westminster and qualified as an architect in 2012. Since starting at Marks Barfield at the start of 2014 she has been primarily involved in a marketing suite on the Southbank and the British Airways i360. mwingrove@marksbarfield.com Matthew studied architecture at the University of Nottingham.

During his studies he worked on a studio unit project to design and construct a nursery school in a township in South Africa. Throughout the project Matthew developed interests in passive sustainable design and community engagement. He travelled to South Africa with the unit to construct the school in 7 weeks. Following this project he also developed an interest in school design, with emphasis on flexible spaces for new pedagogical theories of student-led learning. After graduating in 2010, he worked at Austin-Smith:Lord, as part of a large team designing a cultural centre in the middle east. In 2011 he then moved to Studio E Architects to work on several UK secondary school projects. Matthew joined Marks Barfield Architects in 2014. jbruin@marksbarfield.com Jolien studied architecture at the Technical University of Eindhoven in The Netherlands, and graduated cum laude in 2013. Her thesis was a research-focused project on mono-functional developments in the Amsterdam Canal zone, executed in close collaboration with UNESCO. The results were exhibited at the Dutch Design Week 2013 and published internationally. Before moving to London in 2015, Jolien worked in New York, Amsterdam and The Hague.

She has worked on a range of different projects, from a Grade I listed High Commission in Westminster, to an indoor ski hall in China and high-end residential developments in the US and The Netherlands. Jolien joined Marks Barfield in 2016 and is currently working on Cambridge Mosque. Wojciech Omiljanowski BSc PGDip Designer Wojciech studied architecture at Wroclaw University of Technology in Poland, RGU in Aberdeen and University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, where he graduated in 2011. Throughout his education and practice, he developed his computer design skills and hands-on understanding of different fabrication and construction techniques. He also pursues interests in filmmaking and music. Since joining MBA in September 2014, Wojciech has been involved mostly in competitions and concept stages of many different projects. He assists directors by capturing the emerging geometries using parametric modelling and visualising the design via 3d rendering and communicating the ideas using a variety of animation techniques. yzhang@marksbarfield.com Yushi studied at the University of Bath and graduated in 2015.

Through her studies, she has developed an interest in socially driven architecture and was chosen to design and build an experimental housing prototype in Hungary focusing on adaptation to contemporary issues such as immigration and settlement. She first joined MBA on work placement during her undergraduate studies in 2014 and returned to the practice after graduating. Since then, she has worked on numerous projects in various sectors and is currently working on commercial and residential buildings in Westminster and Camden. Prior to joining MBA, Yushi worked in Beijing where she was involved with theatre and gallery design, as well as assisting with international competitions. slyons@marksbarfield.com Sam joined Marks Barfield Architects in 2016 after graduating from the Liverpool School of Architecture with a first class degree. Throughout his Part 2 education, Sam took a keen interest in how major political and social shifts can drastically affect a city vernacular. He was awarded the Honan Travelling Scholarship, which funded his research trip to Tirana in Albania, where he explored how the city has transformed since its release from communism and extreme isolation. Sam later presented his findings to the Liverpool School of Architecture, local Architectural Society and to Jane Duncan, the RIBA President.

Sam continued this interest during his Erasmus term at the Dessau Institute of Architecture where his design project looked at how the rapid gentrification of Berlin will affect the city by the end of the century and how Berlin’s artists and anarchists could force their way back into the city by recreating the ‘old Berlin’ on the disused Autobahns. Sam is currently working on Cambridge Mosque. 47 is the percentage of global energy used in buildings £70 billion £70 billion is the total amount of money lost due to tax avoidance annually by multinationals in the developing world. This is estimated to be enough money to save the lives of 85,000 children 1993 1993 was the year Marks Barfield Architects entered the idea for a 500ft Observation Wheel in a Landmark Competition.

Marks Barfield Architects didn't win but did go on to start the company that went on to realise the project anyway 8 Marks Barfield Architects have been on 8 office trips since 2002 to the following destinations; Barcelona, New York, Venice, Naples, Granada, Madrid, Kew and Berlin 13 The number of charities supported by Marks Barfield Architects is 13 19 Marks Barfield Architects have completed 19 international projects 100+ The amount of organisations and individuals consulted to get planning permission for the London Eye was 100+ 65 Awards Marks Barfield Architecs have won 65 awards for Design, Sustainability and Innovation 50:50 The ratio of staff at Marks Barfield Architects is 50:50 male:female 1% 1% is the amount of ticket sales revenue given by The London Eye to the local community annually in perpetuity. This was due to a result of prompting by David Marks and Julia Barfield 300 The number of larger than life-size figures incorporated into the Landmark Wales design.

Originated from the idea of a flock of birds flying over a farmer’s field, the design evolved into a soaring community of individuals or ‘compatriots’ in the sky. The concept is derived from the name the Welsh people gave to themselves, ‘Cymru’ which means compatriot in welsh. view project 180m With a total height of 180 metres, half the length of the original pier, the i360 will become the UK's tallest viewing platform easily eclisping it's nearest rivals. With an 18-metre diameter passenger pod rising to 139 metres, on a clear day the view will be up to 25 miles taking in the South Downs, an area of outstanding natural beauty and extensive stretches of the South Coast, including the Seven Sisters and Beachy Head. view project 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 The start of the Fibonacci sequence, a simple mathematical formula first identified by Leonardo Fibonacci in the thirteenth century. Relating to the Golden Section, the sequence has been found to have an almost mystical relationship with natural patterns of growth and was part of the inspiration for the design of the Spiral Café in Birmingham.

200m The 18 metre high, 200 metre Kew Gardens Treetop Walkway guides visitors through a canopy of lime, sweet chestnut and oak trees, supported by weathering steel columns that blend in with the natural environment.

Question: David Marks and Julia Barfield were the lead architects for which London landmark?
Answer: THE LONDON EYE