SparkNotes: Hunchback of Notre Dame: Book 1 Hunchback of Notre Dame page 1 of 2 Summary The novel opens in medieval Paris on January 6, 1482, during the Festival of Fools. The timing of this yearly feast coincides with the marriage of Louis XI's son to a Flemish princess, and the city is full of revelers and Flemish dignitaries. There is a fireworks display in the Place de Grève, a May tree will be planted at the chapel of Braque, and a "mystery" (or play) will be performed at the Palace of Justice. Most of the Flemish dignitaries go to the Palace of Justice and join the huge mass of Parisians, forming a sea of people swarming around the stage, and impatiently awaiting the play and subsequent election of the Pope of Fools. The resplendent gothic architecture of the Palace and its giant marble floor go unnoticed by the crowd, who begin threatening violence if the play does not begin soon. Pierre Gringoire, the playwright, does not know whether he should wait for the Cardinal, who is running late, or face the wrath of the angry mob.

His immediate concern about pacifying the angry citizens, as well his pride in his work, convinces him to order his actors to begin the play, entitled The Good Judgment of Madame the Virgin Mary . Gringoire's actors appear onstage, each representing a different class of French society: Clergy, Nobility, Trade, and Labor. Unfortunately for the playwright, the crowd finds the piece completely uninteresting and soon turns its attention to a beggar, recognized as Clopin Trouillefou, who climbs his way up to the stage, crying out: "Charity, if you please!" Gringoire desperately tries to get the crowd to pay attention to the play, but even the actors have lost interest. Suddenly, the Cardinal enters the Palace. He is so powerful, graceful , and popular that no one minds his tardiness. His entourage of Flemish dignitaries, and not the play, soon becomes the center of attention. One of the Flemish guests, Jacques Coppenole impresses the crowd with his sense of humor and soon turns their attention toward the imminent election of the Pope of Fools.

Gringoire pretends to be a disappointed spectator and yells for the play to continue but the crowd roars back "Down with the mystery!" Crushed at the failure of his work, Gringoire follows the crowd outside. Coppenole convinces the Parisians to elect their "Pope" like they do in Flanders. Each candidate must stick his head through a hole; the one with ugliest face wins. It is not long before Quasimodo, the bell-ringer of Notre Dame is elected Pope of Fools. Unlike the other candidates, who have to viciously contort their faces to make the crowd hysterical with laughter, Quasimodo doesn't have to do anything. His giant head is covered with "red bristles," while, between his shoulder, an enormous hump rises up above his neck, only to be counterbalanced by a "protuberance" coming out of his chest. He has only one operable eye. The other is completely covered by an oversized wart, and legs and hands that are "strangely put together." Despite his monstrous appearance, Quasimodo still conveys an air of courage and strength.

Calling him "Cyclops," the crowd hoists Quasimodo, who turns out to be deaf as well, onto a mock throne and begin parading him through the streets of Paris. Meanwhile, Gringoire returns to his stage and desperately attempts to get the play going once more. He mistakes a few stragglers for interested spectators and is disappointed to find them gossiping about taxes and rents. Suddenly, someone calls through the window, exclaiming that La Esmerelda is dancing in the Place outside the Palace of Justice. Gringoire does not understand the magic ripple that passes through the crowd, as the remaining people run up to the windows to get a better view. Feeling like a general who has been soundly defeated, Gringoire gives up and abandons his play. Commentary The Hunchback of Notre Dame was Hugo's first novel after a series of successful plays. The structure of the novel closely follows that of a play, especially in this first section where Hugo uses the technique of exposition to "naturally" introduce the major themes and characters of the novel without emphasizing the presence of the author.

For example, by placing Gringoire in an awkward situation, Hugo lets his character introduce himself to any of the spectators that will listen. Indeed, at one point, he simply declares, "My name is Pierre Gringoire." Moreover, the Festival of Fools allows Hugo to introduce Quasimodo and emphasize his physical appearance as seen from the point of view of the outside world. we can form a definite and nuanced impression of him as well as allow for future character development as the reader begins to learn more about him from the inside out. Hugo also introduces Jehan Frollo, the brother of the novel's major antagonist, Dom Claude Frollo, as an anonymous member of the crowd, foreshadowing future plot developments. Even the beggar who disrupts the play will return to threaten Gringoire's life and attack Notre Dame in later sections. Hugo not only observes strict rules of historical accuracy but also writes a historical novel. The narrator clearly states the exact date of the novel's opening scene and goes out of his way, whenever possible, to discuss the history of various monuments that he mentions.

Striving for authenticity, Hugo interjects frequent Latin and Greek quotations, as well as out-of-date expressions, into his characters' speech so they sound medieval. Hugo's conception of historical context centers on architecture, and he immediately introduces the most predominant artistic theme of the novel, Gothic architecture, while discussing the Palace of Justice. The narrator unabashedly exclaims his reverence for Gothic architecture in this paragraph: "how one's eyes are dazzled!" Focusing on the pointed windows "glazed with panes of a thousand" colors, curving up toward finely carved ceilings studded in gold with fleurs de lis (the symbol of the Bourbon royal dynasty), the narrator sets the emotionally nostalgic tone toward Gothic art that figures throughout the novel. 1 Claude Frollo | Ultimate Pop Culture Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Ultimate Pop Culture Wiki File:ND-de-Paris-L4-LesBonnesAmes.png Claude Frollo is a fictional character from the Victor Hugo novel Notre-Dame de Paris ( The Hunchback of Notre Dame - 1831). Frollo is the Archdeacon of Notre Dame de Paris . He, at first, is shown in a positive light but later becomes the main antagonist of the novel.

Contents Edit In Victor Hugo's novel, Dom Claude Frollo is the Archdeacon of Josas of Notre-Dame Cathedral. He is approximately thirty-six years old during the course of the story. He was an incredibly intelligent but morose young man who was orphaned along with his brother Jehan when their parents died. His studies lead him to become the Archdeacon of Josas of Notre-Dame and he also has a small fief which brings him a small amount of money, most of which goes to fund his brother's lifestyle of debauchery. He has a deeply compassionate side. He rescues the deformed hunchback abandoned on the cathedral's foundlings bed and cares for him, raises him like a son, and teaches him a sort of sign language when Quasimodo becomes deaf. He adores his wastrel, scallywag younger brother Jehan, while at the same time chiding him for his insolence. He is a respected scholar and studies several languages, law, medicine, and theology. However, he becomes infatuated with alchemy , which brings people to claim he is a sorcerer. He also believes strongly in fate.

His dour, prematurely aged appearance and extreme dislike and fear of women make him even more of an outcast and set him further apart from society. He also has strong sexual passions, though he is a celibate due to his station within the church. These passions erupt in him through his contact with the beautiful gypsy girl Esmeralda and eventually are his undoing. The young girl is repulsed by the priest, despite his numerous impassioned pleas for her to love him. He turns all his effort to either make her love him or driving her away forever in death, as to no longer "punish" him. Frollo is so infatuated with her that he loses his self-control, attempts to kill her consort Captain Phoebus de Chateaupers , and kisses her while she faints. He even stabs himself at the sight of her torture when she is turned over to the magistrate as a witch and a "murderer" of her erstwhile lover Phoebus. He becomes completely undone right before her execution and leaves Paris in a feverish madness, not realizing that his adopted son rescued her from the gallows. He also attempts to rape her when she seeks sanctuary in the cathedral.

Quasimodo throws him off the heights of the cathedral to his death when the deaf hunchback sees him laughing at Esmeralda's hanging. Commentary Edit Unlike many of the film adaptations, he is presented in the novel as an extremely intelligent and complex man who is torn apart by deep unbridled passion. While Claude Frollo is generally considered the antagonist of the novel, Victor Hugo does not depict him as the villain in the strictest sense of the word. Although not as likable as some, he has attributes of the tragic anti-hero , including his morose and somewhat misanthropic personality, deep sexual passions, love of alchemy, and extreme possessiveness. And yet, he is a compassionate man who believes in fate and that he is doing the right thing. Frollo's eventual destruction due to his fatal flaws are a strong rebuke to the Roman Catholic Church's "vanity of chastity" and what can happen to a man when strong emotions are bottled up for too long. Adaptations Edit The novel has been adapted to film on numerous occasions.

The most interesting change perhaps comes from the 1923 silent film version , in which Frollo isn't the villain at all; instead, he is a good archdeacon, and the villain of the novel is actually his younger brother Jehan. This is also included in the 1939 adaptation, with the same roles with Claude as the good archdeacon and good brother. This is sometimes compared with the 1996 Disney adaptation, in which Frollo is a Judge, the Archdeacon is a separate character entirely, and the character of Jehan is omitted. Many conclude that such changes were made to avoid a negative reaction from religious organizations, although the results tend to be the opposite of the intentions. Typically, the adaptations omit Frollo's capacity for compassion, adding a selfish interpretation to his adoption of Quasimodo that is not present in Hugo's novel. File:ClaudeFrollo.PNG Judge Claude Frollo is the central antagonist in Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame .

His voice was provided by the late Tony Jay , who had been chosen for the role based on his brief appearance as Monsieur D'Arque in Beauty and the Beast (which also re-teamed him with David Ogden Stiers , his co-star from the same film). Supervising animator Kathy Zielinski and her animation team were responsible for animating him. Frollo is known among Disney fans for being one of the most evil and realistic Disney Villains . Whilst most other Disney characters who are portrayed as evil have magical powers at their disposal (e.g. Maleficent , Jafar , etc.) he almost committed genocide despite not having any magical aid whatsoever. Indeed throughout the film he openly commits acts of lechery , genocide and bigotry , all very mature themes for a Disney film. In addition to being an adaptation of Hugo's character, Frollo is also heavily inspired by Cedric Hardwicke 's character Jehan Frollo in the 1939 film version of the story , which The Hunchback of Notre Dame borrows several ideas from. Like Claude, Jehan has a deep hatred for the gypsies. He also rides a horse and wears a hat very similar to Disney's Claude Frollo.

Also, he is a Court Judge under the King of France, like Claude in Disney's version. Appearances Edit Claude Frollo resides in Paris, France , where he is employed as a Court Judge . A deeply religious man, Frollo uses his position to inflict great suffering upon the gypsy population, believing them to "live outside the natural order" and engage in "heathen" behavior. One night, a group of gypsies attempt to enter Paris, only to be stopped by Frollo and his soldiers. When a gypsy woman attempts to flee, Frollo, believing her to be hiding stolen goods, chases her to the steps of Notre Dame and knocks her down the steps, where she suffers fatal head trauma . Frollo then discovers that she was the mother of a hideously deformed infant child. Frollo attempts to murder the infant by drowning him in a well but is stopped by the Archdeacon , who convinces him that, in order to save his soul from eternal damnation, Frollo must raise the child as his own son. Naming the child Quasimodo (which means "half-formed"), Frollo raises him within the towers of Notre Dame, attempting to "protect" him from the outside world.

Prior to attending the annual Festival of Fools, Frollo encounters Captain Phoebus , a well-meaning soldier who is assigned the task of locating the Court of Miracles, which the gypsies have taken as their official hiding place. While attending the festival, Frollo discovers a gypsy dancer named Esmeralda , who both attracts and disgusts Frollo with her beauty; shortly afterwards, Quasimodo is revealed to have fled the tower and joined the festivities, only to be crowned the "King of Fools" and then publicly humiliated. As the townspeople mock Quasimodo, Frollo refuses to help in order to teach him a lesson, and is disgusted when a defiant Esmeralda decides to assist him instead. Esmeralda then ridicules and humiliates Frollo before claims sanctuary within Notre Dame, while a furious Frollo silently scolds Quasimodo. That evening, Frollo is disturbed by his attraction for Esmeralda, believing a relationship with a gypsy will result in his eternal damnation (which he expresses in "Hellfire"). Unbeknownst to Frollo, Quasimodo has allowed Esmeralda to escape the cathedral.

Upon learning of Esmeralda's escape, Frollo is enraged and begins a ruthless campaign to "find the gypsy girl". He later attempts to murder an innocent family whom he suspects of collaborating with gypsies, but an appalled Phoebus intervenes and rescues them; Frollo declares Phoebus a traitor and attempts to execute him, but he is eventually rescued by Esmeralda. Realizing Quasimodo assisted Esmeralda, Frollo convinces him that the Court of Miracles has been found and will eventually be attacked; a misled Quasimodo follows Phoebus to the Court where Frollo's army attacks and arrests the gypsies. Frollo then sentences Esmeralda to execution while Quasimodo remains locked in the bell tower. She refuses to become Frollo's mistress and is prepared to burn to death, but Quasimodo escapes, rescues her after she passes out and brings her to the cathedral. Frollo's men then attack Notre Dame, engaging in a violent battle against the townspeople and Quasimodo, who sends stones from the tower and eventually fills the street with molten lead.

After defying the Archdeacon and flinging him down a flight of stairs, Frollo attempts to kill Quasimodo, ensuing in a violent struggle in which Quasimodo overpowers the deranged judge. Esmeralda awakens, and Quasimodo rushes her to safety. Frollo chases him and Esmeralda onto a balcony overlooking the city, engaging in yet another fight with Quasimodo. In his hateful rage, Frollo reveals to Quasimodo that he killed his mother, and was originally planning to drown the infant Quasimodo as well, and that he was now going to carry out his true intentions, by throwing his cloak over Quasimodo, causing him to fall over the edge of the balcony. Quasimodo manages to hold on and pulls Frollo along with him, and Frollo dangles momentarily for his life, but he is soon able to climb on a gargoyle in perfect position to kill them. However, as he raises his sword, the gargoyle that he is standing on crumbles off the cathedral and sends Frollo plummeting to his death far below.

Other appearances Claude Frollo | Love Interest Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit In his youth, Claude Frollo was a highly knowledgeable but morose young man who was orphaned along with his infant brother Jehan when their parents died of the plague. His studies led him to become the Archdeacon of Josas, which is his position during the events of the novel. He also has a small fief which brings him a little money, most of which goes to fund his brother's alcoholism. Frollo has a deeply compassionate side. He rescues Quasimodo, a deformed hunchback child whom he finds abandoned on the cathedral's foundlings bed. He adopts him, raises him like a son, cares for him, and teaches him a sort of sign language when Quasimodo becomes deaf. Frollo is a respected scholar and studies several languages, law, medicine, science and theology. However, he becomes infatuated with alchemy, which leads townspeople to spread the rumor that he is a sorcerer. He also believes strongly in fate.

When a visitor to Frollo's quarters sees a fly caught in a web and tries to save the fly, Frollo sharply holds him back, saying, "Do not interfere with the workings of fate!" His dour, prematurely aged appearance (at thirty-six he is already nearly bald), as well as his extreme and irrational fear of women, contribute further to his isolation from society. Frollo also has strong passions, though he is a celibate due to his station within the church. These passions erupt in him through his contact with the beautiful Gypsy girl Esmeralda, and eventually they prove his undoing. He considers her to be a temptation sent by the Devil to test his faith, and begins by cursing her as a demoness, but finds he cannot resist her, and determines to give in to temptation. Esmeralda, however, is repulsed by his impassioned advances. Frollo orders Quasimodo to abduct her, a crime that Frollo himself instigated out of mad lust for her, and then abandons him when the hunchback is suddenly captured by Captain Phoebus de Chateaupers and his guards.

Frollo even ignores the poor hunchback when he sees him being publicly tortured for the crime. When Frollo discovers that Esmeralda is in love with Phoebus, he spies on the meeting between them which Esmeralda has arranged – with Phoebus' consent, as Phoebus only wants one night of passion. As Phoebus and Esmeralda prepare to copulate, Frollo, in a jealous rage, stabs Phoebus, and kisses Esmeralda when she faints. He does not attempt to intercede when she is turned over to the magistrate on charges of witchcraft and murder, however, but he stabs himself during her torture and shows her the wound as a proof of his love for her. She is unmoved however, as she is still in love with Phoebus, even after discovering the truth about his infatuation with her, and shortly before her execution he comes completely undone and leaves Paris in a feverish madness, not realizing that his adopted son, Quasimodo, has rescued her from the gallows.

When he returns to the news that Esmeralda is still alive, he quickly becomes as jealous of Quasimodo as he was of Phoebus; the thought drives him to further insanity. Frollo later attempts to rape her at her sanctuary in the cathedral, only to be brutally beaten and nearly killed by Quasimodo, who doesn't realize who he is until he staggers into the moonlight. Frollo has had enough, and decides to rid himself of Esmeralda by handing her over to the authorities. Frollo's time comes when a group of scoundrels, enraged by news that the French monarchy has ordered Esmeralda to be taken from the cathedral and hanged within three days, arms themselves to assault Notre Dame Cathedral. While Quasimodo is busy fighting off the scoundrels, Pierre Gringoire, Esmeralda's husband – whom she only married to save his life – and a hooded figure sneak into the Cathedral and convince Esmeralda to sneak out with them. The man's face is hidden behind a hood, leaving Esmeralda to guess his identity.

They flee to a boat on the Seine River, then separate when they head to shore, with Gringoire taking her goat, Djali, and leaving Esmeralda with the unknown man. The hooded figure drags Esmeralda to a nearby gallows and identifies himself as Frollo by removing his hood. Frollo issues Esmeralda his final ultimatum: either she must accept his love, or he shall hand her over to the authorities. In fact, she refuses to reciprocate, so Frollo leaves Esmeralda to a recluse to hold her for the royal soldiers coming to hang her and goes back to Notre Dame Cathedral. He then walks up to one of the cathedral's towers to watch the girl being hanged, unaware that Quasimodo has spotted him and followed him upstairs. He watches calmly while Esmeralda is taken to the gallows; then when the girl is actually hanged he bursts into an evil laugh – perhaps he is glad to have her out of his life, or perhaps he sees it as retribution for her rejection of him. This is the last that is seen of Esmeralda.

When Quasimodo sees what Frollo has done to Esmeralda's hanging, he becomes enraged and pushes him off the balustrade. A gargoyle stops his fall, and he cries out to Quasimodo for help, but Quasimodo remains silent. Then Frollo falls down off the cathedral, colliding with the roof of a house. He slides down the roof, hits the pavement of the town square, and dies. Adaptations[edit] Edit Victor Hugo's novel has been adapted to film on numerous occasions. In the 1923 silent film version, Frollo is not the villain at all; instead, he is a good archdeacon, and the villain of the film is actually his younger brother Jehan. The 1939 sound film version also made Claude the good archdeacon and Jehan the villain, with the sole exception that Jehan is a judge. This version of the story is said to be what most influenced the 1996 Disney adaptation, which had the same conditions aside from the name change: Claude Frollo is a judge rather than an archdeacon, the Archdeacon is a separate character entirely, and the character of Jehan is omitted.

Actor Tony Jay stated that he knew the part of Frollo especially from the 1939 film. Many conclude that such changes were made to avoid a negative reaction from religious organizations. Typically, the adaptations omit Frollo's capacity for compassion, adding a selfish interpretation to his adoption of Quasimodo that is not present in the original novel. Actor Corey Burton (Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance) In The Hunchback Of Notre Dame[edit] Edit An adaptation of the character, Judge Claude Frollo is the main antagonist in Disney's animated film version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996). Frollo was animated by Kathy Zielinski and Dominique Monféry, and was voiced by Tony Jay, whom directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale chose for the role based on his brief appearance in their previous film, Beauty and the Beast(1991). Although he is based on Hugo's Frollo from the novel, Disney's Frollo is inspired by Cedric Hardwicke's Jehan Frollo from the 1939 version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

Like Hardwicke's Frollo, and unlike Hugo's, Disney's Frollo is a cold justice minister instead of an archdeacon, and like both versions, he is racist towards the gypsies because he sees them as "impure commoners". In the Disney film, however, he is genocidal towards them and wants nothing more than to wipe them out of Paris. Also, much like Hardwicke's Frollo, Disney's Frollo is depicted as the ruler of Paris and effectively above every law in the city outside of the Cathedral. However, in the Disney version, he has his very own army of thugs who dress up as soldiers to enforce his will, and lacks much of the original character's compassion and deep emotion, becoming more of an evil villain than a tragic anti-hero. Regardless, as in the novel and 1939 film, he still has lustful feelings for Esmeralda, and plans to have her executed if she refuses to love him. In the Disney film, he is presented as a vindictive, coldly intelligent, and arrogant sadist.

Also, a trifle like in the novel version but much like in the 1939 film version, Disney's Frollo has little to no compassion or understanding for anyone or anything except himself. However, very similar in both versions, is also perceived as a tragic figure, tormented by his maddening self-righteousness and narrow views. In the final verse of " Hellfire ", he asks God to have mercy on both him and Esmeralda, implying that he ultimately knows that his actions are against God's will. The opening song notes that he "longs to purge the world of vice and sin" and sees "corruption everywhere" except in himself. Frollo is also symbolic of religious hypocrisy, which was also an enduring theme in the novel.

(According to the Archdeacon, "it would be unwise to arouse Frollo's anger further.") Despite these changes to the character, the Disney version has been universally acclaimed, and has often been called one of the greatest of all Disney villains, and often is considered one of, if not the darkest.[1][2][3][4] Frollo's complex characterization and darker role in the story lead to many agreeing that if the rest of the film was darker like Frollo's role in the film, the film itself would've been substantially better in comparison. Frollo first appeared in the film, where he hired his guards to catch several gypsies illegally entering Paris. After having the gypsy population chained and taken away, Frollo chases a gypsy woman, believing her to be hiding a variety of stolen goods in her possession. They arrive at Notre Dame, where he takes the bundle of "stolen goods" off her, causing her to fall and break her neck off the steps of Notre Dame. Frollo discovers that the "stolen goods" is absolutely nothing at all but just the woman's hideously deformed baby son.

Believing the boy to be an unholy demon, Frollo attempts to drown the infant in a well, but is similarly thwarted by the cathedral's Archdeacon, who accuses Frollo of the unlawful murder of an innocent woman on the steps of Notre Dame. He demands that Frollo has to raise the baby as his own son as penance; otherwise, he will be damned and will pay for his crimes if he ever kills the boy the same way he did to his mother before. Fearing for his own damnation, Frollo acquiesces, hoping to somehow use the child to further his own purposes. Naming the boyQuasimodo, Frollo decides to raise him within the towers of Notre Dame, attempting to "protect" him from the outside world and convincing him that he is a monster and will never be accepted by society. He also lies to him about his lifeless mother, claiming that she failed to abandon him when he was a baby (the same thing which actually happened in the novel). Twenty years later, Frollo appoints a new Captain of the Guard, Phoebus, in the Palace of Justice since his last one was "a bit of a disappointment" to him.

He has a tendency to clear the gypsies out of Paris with Phoebus' help and go to Heavenwhen he dies. While attending the annual Festival of Fools, Frollo discovers a Gypsy dancer named Esmeralda, who attracts him with her beauty. Shortly afterwards, he discovers that Quasimodo left the bell tower and joined the Festival and was crowned the King of Fools. Frollo does not help Quasimodo when he is being humiliated in public by the crowd in order to teach him a lesson for everyone to obey; in fact, he does not grant Phoebus' request to stop it, and it infuriates him to its peak when Esmeralda defiantly decides to assist Quasimodo instead. Esmeralda ridicules and humiliates Frollo, who orders her captured, just before she claims sanctuary within Notre Dame. Frollo later confronts Esmeralda (grabbing her from behind and nuzzling his nose into her hair), and states that she is still a prisoner and that, as soon as she leaves, he would capture her.

That evening in the Palace of Justice, Frollo is disturbed by his attraction to Esmeralda which he believes is turning him to sin and pleas the Virgin Mary to protect him from her "spell" and to "let [Esmeralda] taste the fires of Hell", or else let her be his lover. Upon learning from one of his guards that Esmeralda has escaped the cathedral, this makes Frollo very angry that he begins a ruthless campaign to find her, which involves the besieging of numerous houses and the capture of gypsies, something of which Phoebus greatly does not approve. It is not until Frollo attempts to kill an innocent family whom he suspects of collaborating with gypsies, which finally causes Phoebus to disobey him and rescue the family; Frollo declares Phoebus a traitor and attempts to have him executed, but he is rescued by Esmeralda after being left for dead. Realizing Quasimodo assisted Esmeralda, Frollo convinces him that the Court of Miracles has been found and will eventually be attacked at dawn with a thousand men.

A misled Quasimodo accompanies Phoebus to the Court to warn Esmeralda, and Frollo and his army of thugs follow and arrest the gypsies. Frollo sees that Phoebus has survived and intends to "remedy it". Now that Phoebus and the gypsies are confined in their cages, Frollo orders his minions to chain Quasimodo up to the tower, and his executions of the gypsies are supposed to take place near the cathedral. The citizens of Paris angrily do not allow this and demand that the gypsies had better be released, but nonetheless the guards hold them back. Frollo has no choice but to start off sentencing Esmeralda to mortal execution, though he gives her a single chance to live by becoming his lover. She will not become Frollo's lover—by spitting in his face—and is supposedly prepared to burn at the stake to death as a result, prompting Quasimodo to break free from his chains, rescue her after she passes out and loses her ability to speak, and bring her to the cathedral, declaring sanctuary, much to the citizens' delight.

Losing what remains of his sanity, Frollo orders his soldiers to seize the cathedral by force, which then finally allows Phoebus to free himself and incite the citizens to fight back against Frollo's tyranny. The citizens free the gypsies, and they both fight against Frollo's soldiers until Quasimodo pours molten copper from the cathedral into the streets, forcing everyone (including the soldiers) to scatter away. Despite the major impossibility of Quasimodo's efforts, Frollo gains entrance to the interior of the cathedral, deliberately disobeying the Archdeacon and flinging him down a flight of stairs. He attempts to kill Quasimodo, resulting in a violent struggle in which Quasimodo throws Frollo to the floor and openly rejects everything that Frollo raised him to believe, but when Esmeralda awakens, Quasimodo rushes her to safety. Frollo chases them onto a balcony overlooking the city, where he and Quasimodo begin to fight. An enraged Frollo finally admits that he was responsible for the murder of Quasimodo's mother who had no success trying to save him.

He declares that he will now kill Quasimodo himself as he "should have done" twenty years ago. Frollo subsequently uses his cape to knock Quasimodo off of the balcony, but Quasimodo manages to hold on and ends up pulling Frollo along with him (but is unwilling to let him fall). Frollo dangles momentarily for his life, but he succeeds in climbing on a gargoyle in perfect position to kill Esmeralda, who is attempting to save Quasimodo. Frollo raises his sword and maniacally quotes the Bible: "And He shall smite the wicked and plunge them into the fiery pit!" Ironically, the gargoyle that he is standing on starts to break apart and he falls, clinging on for dear life and dropping his sword.

In his last moments, the face of the gargoyle comes to life and demonically roars at Frollo, terrifying him as the gargoyle breaks off completely from the balcony and sends him falling to his death into the lake of molten copper created by Quasimodo, clearly meant to symbolize that his soul is now trapped in eternal damnation in the Satanic fires of Hell for all eternity as punishment for his unholy actions and behavior as well as his tyranny that finally ends once and for all. Afterwards, the French army arrives and either kills or arrests the remainder of Frollo's thugs, some of whom reform and rejoin the Guard. Mentioned In The Hunchback Of Notre Dame II[edit] Edit In the sequel The Hunchback of Notre Dame II, Frollo and his attitude towards gypsies are alluded to when Sarousch (a gypsy master criminal and the main antagonist of the sequel) reminds Madellaine that when he caught her stealing food from him when she was little, he took her in instead of handing her to the authorities. This implies that Sarousch was aware of Frollo's prejudice towards gypsies and deliberately avoided targeting Paris while Frollo was alive.

He is also referenced when Clopin announces Esmeralda's dancing performance, and jokingly tells a young boy that she just "might steal your heart," using a puppet that looked a lot like Frollo, referencing Frollo's lust for Esmeralda. Also, when Madellaine (who was Sarousch's assistant until she fell in love with Quasimodo) tries to convince him to trust her into helping him stop Sarousch, Quasimodo coldly replies "I already made that mistake", possibly referring to how Frollo deceived Quasimodo for twenty years into loyalty to the former. Other appearances[edit] Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris - Gothic Architecture Landmark of Gargoyles, Flying Butresses and the Hunchback Pope of Fools Bargain Travel Europe guide to Europe on a budget for unusual destinations, holiday travel tips and secret spots missed by travel tours. CATHEDRAL NOTRE DAME DE PARIS Gothic Arches, Gargoyles and Quasimodo It is maybe the most famous church in the world - or at least cathedral - (St Peters at the Vatican is a Basilica and gets more TV coverage).

Though there are virtually hundreds, if not thousands of churches of the same name – Our Lady - in French, it is the gothic cathedral of flying buttresses and gargoyles in the center of Paris which comes to mind with the name Notre Dame. Neither the largest nor most historically important of cathedrals, its setting on an island in the middle of the Seine River, the elegance of the architectural arches supporting the high walls and the bristling figures of demons and animals, the gargoyles, used to decoratively pour boiling oil down onto her enemies have inspired painters, photographers, authors and tourists alike. The Cathedral Notre Dame de Paris perhaps gained much of its recognition from the 1831 novel of tragic romance by Victor Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, telling the story of the deformed bell-ringer of the church, Quasimodo, who fell in love with the beautiful gypsy, Esmeralda. Set in the middle-ages of 1482 when Quasimodo is crowned the Pope of Fools during the Fesitval of Fools when for a day the roles of society were reversed.

A story of innocent beauty, an ugly but pure and mistreated soul and a lustful priest. The bell-ringer’s guardian, Frollo, the Archdeacon of the cathedral, orders Quasimodo to kidnap the girl who is under sentence of death, bringing the Paris throng to assault the sanctuary of the church, ending in the hunchback shoving his nemesis from the bell towers, and himself found in common grave with his arms wrapped around the body the hanged gypsy girl, both turning to dust. The structure of the great cathedral played as much a role in the epic story as the romance and tragic conflicts of its characters. Victor Hugo argued that the great architecture of the gothic age of the great churches which told the story of Christianity and the themes of the church would be supplanted by the invention of the printing press, with moveable type replacing the eloquent art and eternal beauty of the buildings (see Gutenberg Museum Mainz ). The Notre Dame Cathedral was first begun construction in 1163 on order of the new Bishop of Paris, Maurice de Sully, to replace an earlier 4th Century cathedral, and completed by 1345, during the great rise of the “gothic” style.

It was one of the first of the great churches to be built with the exterior wall support, the flying buttress, which allowed the walls to gain a great height with lighter and more airy wall thickness than the earlier “romanesque”, allowing for the stained glass windows. The buttress concept developed during the building of the church, added to the design after construction had begun. The interior of the Notre Dame cathedral is rather stark, with much of the religious statuary, tombs and paintings destroyed, first by Protestant Hugenots in the 16th Century and at the height of the French Revolution when many of the statues of saints thought to be kings were beheaded, and the Catholic cathedral used as a food storage warehouse. Unlike many of the other gothic cathedrals of Europe, the elegant medieval stained glass windows of Notre Dame remain intact, removed during the Second World War to avoid bombing which never really came.

While there are no royal tombs left at the Notre Dame cathedral, the crown of thorns from Christ’s crucifixion is reputedly held in a reliquary in the Treasury and the Cathedral of Notre Dame played a role in the Hundred Years War, with the coronation of England’s King Henry VI as King of France (which lasted about as long as the ceremony), and the marriage of Mary Queen of Scots, entombed across the channel in England’s gothic royal church (see Westminster Abbey London ). In the 1920s Joan of Arc was canonized as a saint at Notre Dame. The church designs can be seen as different levels of the west front and towers as the design changed with four different construction periods with the rose window from the 13th Century. Look for the saints depicted in statuary along the front façade with crowns and John the Baptist holding his severed head in his hand, though still a living saint. In the 19th Century a restoration project by and Eugène Viollet-le-Duc added chimera and the tall filigree fleche spire in the center of the roof with climbing figures.

The transept portals depict scenes from the life of St Stephen above the south door and the infancy of Jesus and story of Theophilus in the pointed gothic arch of the north door entrance. The Cathedral de Notre Dame de Paris is located on the south eastward end of the Île de la Cité (Island of the City), which divides the River Seine, the literal center of Paris, where the dark ages medieval city could take sanctuary from invaders. When road distances say there are so far from Paris they mean from the square in front of Notre Dame. Taking up most of the other half of the island is the Palace of Justice. Seine River cruise boats motor under the Pont Neuf and through the walled narrows between the island and the left bank of the Seine (the southern bank) of the 4th arrondisement, and throngs of tourist fill the plaza (the Parvis) in front of the church on sunny days (see Day Trip to Paris from London ). Underneath the plaza are excavations of early foundations of the city, from the Celtic settlement and the Roman city which replaced it.

The excavations can be explored with which a new tour access - The Archeological Crypt of Notre Dame Square, included with the Paris Pass . Visiting Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris The cathedral is open every day of the year from 8am to 6:45pm - 7:15pm on Saturday and Sunday. Entrance is free. The crowds can depends entirely on the time of day and the weather, sometimes with a line, often not. The cathedral bell towers can be toured through a separate entrance outside the north tower. The tower visit leads up through the west facing front façade of the cathedral dating from the 13th Century with a close up look at the gargoyles and chimera as well as the great 13 ton Emmanuel Bell which tolled to announce the city’s liberation in 1944. The towers include a climb up 387 steps to the top of the south tower for magnificent views of the city. The Notre Dame towers and Cathedral Treasury are administered by the France Monument Commission. Admission to the towers is €8 for adults, students and seniors €5 with children under 18 free when with adults.

Before or after exploring the Notre Dame cathedral, cross the bridge to the south to stroll along the Rive Gauche. Amid the souvenir vendors of miniature Eiffel Towers and poster tributes to Jim Morrison, where the Seine cruise boats dock (see Seine River Cruises ), is the most recognizable photogenic angle of the cathedral across the river. When the weather’s good in the late afternoon or evening enjoy a drink or a meal with a view of river and the glorious church lit by the setting sun at the Bar Terrasse. Or to celebrate the fictional hunchback which made it famous, head to the north to the Quasimodo Café for a cappuccino or martini toast to tortured unrequited love. © Bargain Travel Europe Compare Best Hotel deals in Paris on TripAdvisor The Notre Dame Tower Tour is included with a Paris Pass Web info SparkNotes: Hunchback of Notre Dame: Summary Hunchback of Notre Dame Context Characters During the 1482 Festival of Fools in Paris, Quasimodo, the hunchback of Notre Dame, is elected the Pope of Fools for being the ugliest person in Paris. He is hoisted on a throne and paraded around Paris by the jeering mob.

Pierre Gringoire, a struggling poet and philosopher, tries unsuccessfully to get the crowd to watch his play instead of the parade. Archdeacon Claude Frollo appears and stops the parade and orders Quasimodo back to Notre Dame with him. Looking for something to eat, Gringoire admires the graceful beauty of La Esmerelda, a gypsy street dancer, and decides to follow her home. After rounding a corner, she is suddenly attacked by Quasimodo and Frollo. Gringoire rushes to help her but is knocked out by Quasimodo as Frollo runs away. The King's Archers, led by Phoebus de Chateaupers arrive just in time and capture the hunchback. Later that night, a group of beggars and thieves are about to hang Gringoire when La Esmerelda comes forward and offers to save his life by "marrying" him for four years only. The next day, Quasimodo is put on trial and sentenced to two hours of torture in the Place de Grève. He suffers both the pain of being stretched and pulled apart as well as being publicly humiliated by the crowd of people, who hate him for his ugliness.

He begs for water, but no one answers his pleas until La Esmerelda comes forth and brings him something to drink. Nearby, a recluse called Sister Gudule, screams at La Esmerelda for being a "gypsy child- thief" and blames her for her daughter's kidnapping fifteen years earlier. A few months later, La Esmerelda is dancing in front of Notre Dame and Phoebus calls her over to him. She has fallen in love with him and blushes when he asks her to meet him later that night. Frollo watches them from the top of Notre Dame and becomes insanely jealous of Phoebus. His obsessive lust for La Esmerelda has made him renounce God and study alchemy and black magic. In his secret cell at Notre Dame, he plans to trap La Esmerelda like a spider catching a fly with its web. Later that night he follows Phoebus to his tryst with La Esmerelda and stabs Phoebus repeatedly. He escapes and La Esmerelda is captured by the King's guard. After being tortured at her trial, La Esmerelda falsely confesses to killing Phoebus and being a witch.

She is sentenced to hang in the Place de Grève. Frollo visits her in jail and declares his love. He begs her to love him and show him some pity but she calls him a "goblin-monk" and a murderer, refusing to have anything to do with him. Before her execution, La Esmerelda is publicly humiliated in front of Notre Dame. Looking across the square, she suddenly sees Phoebus and calls out his name. He actually survived the murder attempt but doesn't want anyone to know that he was injured. He turns away from La Esmerelda and enters the house of his bride-to-be. Just then, Quasimodo swings down on a rope from Notre Dame and carries her back to the cathedral, crying out "Sanctuary!" He had fallen in love with her when she brought him water and had been planning her escape all along. La Esmerelda is safe from execution just as long as she stays inside the cathedral. At first, she finds it hard to even look at Quasimodo, but they form an uneasy friendship. Even though he is deaf, he enjoys being around her when she sings.

Meanwhile, a group of vagabonds resolves to save La Esmerelda after hearing that Parliament has ordered that she be removed from Notre Dame. But when Quasimodo sees them attack the cathedral, he thinks they have come to kill La Esmerelda and he fends them off as best he can, killing a large number of them. Frollo has used the attack as a diversion to sneak La Esmerelda out of the cathedral. He offers her two choices: she can either say she loves him or be hanged. She demands to be executed and he leaves her with Sister Gudule. To their astonishment, they discover that they are mother and daughter. Gudule tries to protect La Esmerelda, but it is too late. Back at Notre Dame, Quasimodo goes to the top of the north tower to find her. Gazing off into the distance, he sees the figure of La Esmerelda in a white dress hanging from the scaffold. He bellows out in despair and grabs Frollo by the neck. Holding him up in the air, Quasimodo sighs with grief and then throws Frollo down to his death.

Looking at La Esmerelda hanging off in the distance and Frollo's wrangled corpse down below, Quasimodo cries out: "There is everything I ever loved!" Quasimodo is never seen again. Years later when a gravedigger stumbles across La Esmerelda's remains, he finds the skeleton of a hunchback curled around her. More Help Egyptian Journalist Criminally Charged After Criticizing Al-Sisi | JONATHAN TURLEY Home Egyptian Journalist Criminally Charged After Criticizing Al-Sisi Egyptian Journalist Criminally Charged After Criticizing Al-Sisi jonathanturley Bizarre , Free Speech , International , Military , Politics , Society We have another abusive crackdown in Egypt under President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. Egypt has seen a dramatic rollback on civil liberties under al-Sisi. In Egypt, a teenager was jailed for cartoons of Muhammad and a leading businessman was attacked for a cartoon of Micky Mouse with a beard . Then there was the three-year sentence given Amr Nohan, a 22-year-old law graduate for posting a Facebook image of el-Sisi with Mickey Mouse-style cartoon ears.

A leading cartoonist Islam Gawish, 26, was arrested in Egypt by the hyper sensitive al-Sisi government. Now Egypt’s Attorney General Nabil Sadeq ordered an investigation into a TV presenter, Azza Al-Henawy, who simply criticized al-Sisi for not delivering on promise. Al-Henawy engaged in a standard critique of a politician that you find in countless countries — an objection about unfulfilled promises: “You [Sisi] didn’t solve anything since you began ruling Egypt; you promised that within two years we will see a new Egypt, and one year and eight months have passed without any improvements. Only a few months are left and we are waiting.” Her objection that Sisi has been “all talk and no action” resulted in a criminal charge. The darkest character however was not Sisi or even Sadeq. It was a lawyer named Samir Sabry who filed a complaint against Henawy, accusing her of insulting the president and inciting to topple the government. Sadeq is a lawyer who is trashing the very foundations for the rule of law and civil liberties. To put it simply, Sadeq is a disgrace to every member of the bar in every country around the world.

Henawy was suspended from work. Notably, this is her second suspension. The first time as during the presidency of Mohammad Mursi for criticizing his administration. Unlike Sadeq, Henawy is a champion for the ideals of journalists and has shown tremendous courage in the face of blind authoritarianism. Share this: 10 thoughts on “Egyptian Journalist Criminally Charged After Criticizing Al-Sisi” Elmer Fudd says: 1, March 11, 2016 at 12:52 am Plus, today it is the funny cartoons, and tomorrow it is sodomites doing it in the streets! I say once again, that it is probably the West’s inability to keep a lid on the rotten behavior of our citizens which scares the crap out of leaders in the rest of the world. Squeeky Fromm 1, March 11, 2016 at 1:45 am I don’t consider these morons to be brave–I consider them to be idiots, with a death wish. All of them.

These fools, who, by the way, hail from the great land of Egypt, are completely familiar with the grave dangers which accompany such remarks, comments and/or behaviors, yet they consciously and purposely decide to proceed anyway, despite that knowledge. You want to live in a backward, repressive, totalitarian and brutal Muslim land–as if there is any other kind of Muslim land–and mouth off? Good luck with that. Oh well, them be the breaks. This falls into the too bad, so sad category. 1, March 11, 2016 at 3:46 am A backward, repressive, totalitarian, and brutal land requires its people to speak up. Brave indeed. Or the non-morons can all move to another country, using magic money that just appears in their pockets. Settle down, whimper. There is an old, even ancient, theme going on there. That laughter is evil, sacrilege, and that any humor will undermine the hierarchy of control and order. The idea that some things cannot be viewed in any humorous light as I said is very old, and comes from the fear that they way of the world is not as rigid as the enforcers demand it will be.

Humor undermines the absolutist’s view of world, and shakes his foundation of control. Nothing exemplifies this better than a clip from The Name of the Rose: Their rulers need rules. Just like nuns need rulers. Ever go to a catholic grade school run by nuns? (music) Sister hit me with a Ruler! I beaned her in the bean with a rotten tangerine.. And school kept marching on! du du du dunt da!” – Saint John and James Grade School, Ferguson Mo. circa 1962 @GaryT Good points! Condemnation of The Feast of Fools is another good example: The central idea seems always to have been a brief social revolution, in which power, dignity and impunity is briefly conferred on those in a subordinate position. In the views of later commentators, this makes the medieval festival a successor to the Roman Kalends of January, although there is no continuity between the two celebrations.[2] However, for the start of the Roman Saturnalia, authorities chose an enemy of the Roman people to represent the Lord of Misrule in each community.

These men and women were forced to indulge in food and physical pleasures throughout the week, and eventually murdered brutally, “destroying the forces of darkness”.[3] The Feast of Fools and the almost blasphemous extravagances in some instances associated with it were constantly the object of sweeping condemnations of the medieval Church. On the other hand, some Catholic writers have thought it necessary to try to deny the existence of such abuses. One interpretation that reconciles this contradiction is that, while there can be no question that Church authorities of the calibre of Robert Grosseteste repeatedly condemned the licence of the Feast of Fools in the strongest terms, such firmly rooted customs took centuries to eradicate. It is certain that the practice lent itself to serious abuses, whose nature and gravity varied at different epochs. It should be said that among the thousands of European liturgical manuscripts the occurrence of anything which has to do with the Feast of Fools is extraordinarily rare. It never occurs in the principal liturgical books, the missals and breviaries. There are traces occasionally in a prose or a trope found in a gradual or an antiphonary. It would therefore seem there was little official approval for such extravagances, which were rarely committed to writing.

Victor Hugo recreated a picturesque account of a Feast of Fools in his 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame, in which Quasimodo serves as Pope of Fools. In the Disney adaption, Quasimodo attends the festival by accident and meets Esmeralda who is also taking part in the festival. After Quasimodo is crowned the pope of fools he is tormented by the crowd thanks to Frollo’s soldiers. Phoebus is disgusted at the treatment and asks Frollo to stop it but Frollo cruelly refuses. Esmeralda seeing this is enraged, frees Quasimodo and puts the torture to a stop. The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Character) - Comic Vine The Hunchback of Notre Dame The The Hunchback of Notre Dame wiki last edited by fables87 on 10/07/16 12:37PM View full history Origin Quasimodo was born to a family of Gypsies parents in 15th century France. He was born with significant deformities, " a huge wart that covers his left eye and a severely hunched back. His unnamed parents parents decided to abandon him.

They abducted a beautiful baby girl called Agness, the illegitimate daughter of a nobleman and prostitute Paquette Guybertaut. (The baby Agness would grew to become Esmeralda). They left Quasimodo in the girl's place in Rheims, at the hands of Paquette. Paquette had adored her young daughter. This replacement son was not so lucky. Paquette left her native city, Rheims, in distress. She left the deformed baby boy behind. The authorities of Rheims found themselves in custody of this unwanted child. They had it sent to Paris and left there as a foundling. Persuming the boy would become someone else's problem. It did. The boy was taken in by Claude Frollo , the 21-year-old Archdeacon of Josas of Notre-Dame Cathedral . Frollo was "a respected scholar and studies several languages, law, medicine, science and theology ". But his interest in alchemy had gained him a reputation as a sorcerer. Keeping most people away from him. Besides his wards Jehan Frollo, Claude's younger brother, and Quasimodo few had much affection for the man.

Adoptive son of a social outcast, Quasimodo became an outcast himself. His deformities gained him a reputation as some kind of deamon. People feared and hated him on sight. Frollo found employment for his ward as the bell-ringer of Notre Dame. But the job came with a cost. The sound of the bells rendered Quasimodo almost completely deaf. Physical Description By 1482, when the novel starts, Quasimodo is given a rather gruesome but detailed description. : "We shall not try to give the reader an idea of that tetrahedral nose, that horseshoe mouth; that little left eye obstructed with a red, bushy, bristling eyebrow, while the right eye disappeared entirely beneath an enormous wart; of those teeth in disarray, broken here and there, like the embattled parapet of a fortress; of that callous lip, upon which one of these teeth encroached, like the tusk of an elephant; of that forked chin; and above all, of the expression spread over the whole; of that mixture of malice, amazement, and sadness. Let the reader dream of this whole, if he can.

" "His whole person was a grimace. A huge head, bristling with red hair; between his shoulders an enormous hump, a counterpart perceptible in front; a system of thighs and legs so strangely astray that they could touch each other only at the knees, and, viewed from the front, resembled the crescents of two scythes joined by the handles; large feet, monstrous hands; and, with all this deformity, an indescribable and redoubtable air of vigor, agility, and courage,--strange exception to the eternal rule which wills that force as well as beauty shall be the result of harmony. Such was the pope whom the fools had just chosen for themselves." Quasimodo had trouble comprehending the words aimed at him. he himself was mostly silent in his interactions with others. But he did notice the grimaces and hostile expressions aimed at him. He then left his hands do the talking. For example, "One scholar (Robin Poussepain, I think), came and laughed in his face, and too close.

Quasimodo contented himself with taking him by the girdle, and hurling him ten paces off amid the crowd; all without uttering a word." Main events of the novel Frollo managed to live a celibate life to his 35th year of age. But then had "strong sexual passions" awakened by his meeting with the teenaged Esmeralda. But the girl had no interest in the priest. Quasimodo initially attempts to help his adoptive father by abducting Esmeralda His attempt is thwarted by Captain Phoebus de Chateaupers. Quasimodo is then placed on trial and sentenced to a public flogging. Esmeralda shows some kindness to the tortured man, bringim him water after his punishment. The act causes Quasimodo to fall for her. If Esmeralda had two unwanted suitors in the faces of Frollo and Quasimodo, she found a lover in the handsome Phoebus. The first (and only man) to actually seduce her. She fails to realize the man is "vain, untrustworthy, and a womanizer".

Nor that he is engeged to Fleur-de-Lys de Gondelaurier, a lady of good social standing. Phoebus only saw his mistress as a fun diversion. Not a loved one. Frollo discovers their affair and is driven over the edge out of jealousy. He attacks Phoebus and stabs him in the back, then escapes into the night. Esmeralda is the one accused of attempted murder instead. Placed on trial, the girl is sentenced to death. But then Quasimodo helps her escape and transports her back to Note Dame. A sanctuary for her. Forced to co-habit for a while, Frollo, Quasimodo and Esmeralda argue constantly. Quasimodo tries in vain, through use of symbolism, to explain to her than his emotions are pure while her beloved Phoebus' are not. She fails to get the message and treats him as a servant. The once self-controlled Frollo has degenerated into a would-be rapist, forcing Quasimodo to physically separate the other two. When the Parlement of Paris decides a pagan gypsy has no right to sanctuary within a Christian church, the Parisian people start a riot.

During the chaos Quasimodo violently defends Notre Dame from whoever attempts to enter. Unfortunately failing to realize some of these people are allies of Esmeralda and were only trying to help her escape. Among those killed by Quasimodo is Jehan Frollo, though his death goes unnoticed. Meanwhile is smuggled out by Claude Frollo and Pierre Gringoire, a poet betrothed to Esmeralda. Esmeralda gives herself away for a chance to know where the recovered Phoebus is. She instead swiftly executed. With Phoebus a spectator her execution, revealing no emotion. Frollo also witnesses her death, laughing at the thought of hopefully becoming free of his obsession with her. An enraged Quasimodo pushes his adoptive father off the heights of the cathedral. He then has clear views of the corpses of Frollo and Esmeralda, realizing the death of "all that I have ever loved". He disappears shortly after. His final fate is explained in another chapter. "About eighteen months or two years after the events which terminate this story, when search was made in that cavern for the body of Olivier le Daim, who had been hanged two days previously, and to whom Charles VIII.

had granted the favor of being buried in Saint Laurent, in better company, they found among all those hideous carcasses two skeletons, one of which held the other in its embrace. One of these skeletons, which was that of a woman, still had a few strips of a garment which had once been white, and around her neck was to be seen a string of adrézarach beads with a little silk bag ornamented with green glass, which was open and empty. These objects were of so little value that the executioner had probably not cared for them. The other, which held this one in a close embrace, was the skeleton of a man. It was noticed that his spinal column was crooked, his head seated on his shoulder blades, and that one leg was shorter than the other. Moreover, there was no fracture of the vertebrae at the nape of the neck, and it was evident that he had not been hanged. Hence, the man to whom it had belonged had come thither and had died there. When they tried to detach the skeleton which he held in his embrace, he fell to dust. " Latest Images Thanks, we're checking your submission. Whoah, whoah... slow down there. Thanks!

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Question: Which fictional character was crowned as the ‘Pope of Fools’ in an 1831 novel?
Answer: Quasimodo