KKK founded - Dec 24, 1865 - HISTORY.com KKK founded Publisher A+E Networks In Pulaski, Tennessee, a group of Confederate veterans convenes to form a secret society that they christen the “Ku Klux Klan.” The KKK rapidly grew from a secret social fraternity to a paramilitary force bent on reversing the federal government’s progressive Reconstruction Era-activities in the South, especially policies that elevated the rights of the local African American population. The name of the Ku Klux Klan was derived from the Greek word kyklos, meaning “circle,” and the Scottish-Gaelic word “clan,” which was probably chosen for the sake of alliteration. Under a platform of philosophized white racial superiority, the group employed violence as a means of pushing back Reconstruction and its enfranchisement of African Americans. Former Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest was the KKK’s first grand wizard; in 1869, he unsuccessfully tried to disband it after he grew critical of the Klan’s excessive violence.

Most prominent in counties where the races were relatively balanced, the KKK engaged in terrorist raids against African Americans and white Republicans at night, employing intimidation, destruction of property, assault, and murder to achieve its aims and influence upcoming elections. In a few Southern states, Republicans organized militia units to break up the Klan. In 1871, the Ku Klux Act passed Congress, authorizing President Ulysses S. Grant to use military force to suppress the KKK. The Ku Klux Act resulted in nine South Carolina counties being placed under martial law and thousands of arrests. In 1882, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the Ku Klux Act unconstitutional, but by that time Reconstruction had ended and the KKK had faded away. The 20th century witnessed two revivals of the KKK: one in response to immigration in the 1910s and ’20s, and another in response to the African American civil rights movement of the 1950s and ’60s. Related Videos Rise of the Ku Klux Klan . U.S. Grant: Warrior . WGBH American Experience | PBS Other General Articles At the time of Ulysses S.

Grant's election to the presidency, white supremacists were conducting a reign of terror throughout the South. In outright defiance of the Republican-led federal government, Southern Democrats formed organizations that violently intimidated blacks and Republicans who tried to win political power. The most prominent of these, the Ku Klux Klan, was formed in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865. Originally founded as a social club for former Confederate soldiers, the Klan evolved into a terrorist organization. It would be responsible for thousands of deaths, and would help to weaken the political power of Southern blacks and Republicans. Racist activity in the South often took the form of riots that targeted blacks and Republicans. In 1866, a quarrel between whites and black ex-soldiers erupted into a full-fledged riot in Memphis, Tennessee. White policemen assisted the mobs in their violent rampage through the black sections of town. By the time the violence ended, 46 people were dead, 70 more were wounded, and numerous churches and schools had been burned. Just two months later, on July 30, a similar outbreak of violence erupted in New Orleans.

This time, a white mob attacked the attendees of a black suffrage convention, killing 37 blacks and three whites who allied with them. In this violent atmosphere, the Ku Klux Klan grew in size and strength. By 1868, the Klan had evolved into a hooded terrorist organization that its members called "The Invisible Empire of the South." The reorganized Klan's first leader, or "Grand Wizard," was Nathan Bedford Forrest, who had been a Confederate general during the Civil War. White Southerners from all classes of society joined the Klan's ranks. In the name of preserving law and order in a white-dominated society, Klansmen punished newly freed blacks for a variety of reasons, including behaving in an "impudent" manner toward whites. They whipped the teachers of freedmen's schools and burnt their schoolhouses. But first and foremost, the Klan sought to do away with Republican influence in the South by terrorizing and murdering its party leaders and all those who voted for it. In the time leading up to the 1868 presidential election, the Klan's activities picked up in speed and brutality. The election, which pitted Republican Ulysses S. Grant against Democrat Horatio Seymour, was crucial.

Republicans would continue programs that prevented Southern whites from gaining political control in their states. Klan members knew that given the chance, the blacks in their communities would vote Republican. Across the South, the Klan and other terrorist groups used brutal violence to intimidate Republican voters. In Kansas, over 2,000 murders were committed in connection with the election. In Georgia, the number of threats and beatings was even higher. And in Louisiana, 1000 blacks were killed as the election neared. In those three states, Democrats won decisive victories at the polls. Nevertheless, the Klan's violent actions proved to many Northerners that the South had not learned its lesson in the recent war. In this way, the Klan's activities actually backfired. People realized that harsher laws would have to be passed in order to stop the violence and protect Southern blacks. And those laws were soon in coming. In the 1868 presidential election, Republican Ulysses S. Grant won the office with the slogan, "Let Us Have Peace." Republicans also won a majority in Congress.

Many Northerners, disgusted by Klan violence, lent their support to the Fifteenth Amendment , which gave the vote to black men in every state, and the First Reconstruction Act of 1867, which placed harsher restrictions on the South and closely regulated the formation of their new governments. Other legislation attacked the Klan more directly. Between 1870 and 1871, Congress passed the Enforcement Acts, which made it a crime to interfere with registration, voting, officeholding, or jury service of blacks. More than 5,000 people were indicted under these laws; a little more than 1,000 were convicted. In 1871 Congress also passed the Ku Klux Klan Act, which allowed the government to act against terrorist organizations. Grant did not rigorously enforce these laws, although he did order the arrest of hundreds of Klan members. But with the overwhelming support of the Klan in the South, convictions proved difficult to obtain, and the financial panic of 1873 would distract the North from the problems of Southern racism. In 1882 the United States Supreme Court declared Ku Klux Klan Act unconstitutional.

HISTORY OF THE KU KLUX KLAN - C.N.K.K.K.K.KENTUCKY C.N.K.K.K.K.KENTUCKY HISTORY OF THE KU KLUX KLAN (The following information was gathered from public sources) The original KU KLUX KLAN was founded on December 24, 1865 at the law office of Judge Thomas M. Jones at Pulaski, Tennessee. The "Jolly Six" as they referred to themselves were former Confederate Army Veterans. 1. Captain John C. Lester - Knight Hawk 2. Captain John B. Kennedy - Grand Magi 3. Frank O. McCord - Grand Cyclops 4. Calvin E. Jones - (son of Thomas M. Jones) 5. Richard R. Reed - Lictor 6. James R. Crowe - Grand Turk Grand Cyclops, Grand Magi, Grand Turk, Grand Scribe, Lictors, and Knight Hawks were officers' titles of "The Den". Members were called "Ghouls". Two Lictors were "Outer Guards" and Knight Hawks were "Couriers".

Ku Klux Klan derived from the Greek word Kuklos meaning a circle with no beginning or end. Klan came from the Scottish word Clan referring to a family or a likened group of believers. They added KU to make the name "flow on the tongue" when pronounced. The Civil War had officially ended in April of 1865 when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, VA. The rest of 1865 until 1877 were known as the period of Reconstruction, during which former Confederate States were under Union Army occupation until new state legislatures could be elected. The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution formally ended slavery throughout America and the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution (both ratified in 1865) granted voting rights and citizenship to former slaves. Radical Republicans in the US Senate and House of Representatives were determined to "punish" the former Confederacy and "denied citizenship" to any White male who had supported the Confederacy during the War Between the States. Much of the South was in ruin, as most of the fighting has taken place on Southern soil.

Confederate money was "worthless" and many people were "broke". This was a "terrible time" for White people! The Ku Klux Klan started as a "social and fraternal" group. Members dressed up in hoods and robes made of bed sheets, riding at night on horseback to "scare" local folks, especially freed slaves. Slaves thought of them as "Ghosts" of Confederate War dead. By 1866, former Confederate leaders thought of the Ku Klux Klan as a "useful" political tool to help the White South regain political power. In a short amount of time the KKK spread throughout the eleven former Confederate States. Membership was kept "secret", as Union Army would "hang" without a "fair trial" any White suspected of being a Klansman. The first convention of the Ku Klux Klan was held at Nashville, Tennessee in May of 1867. The Klan was so "successful" at reestablishing White rule to the South that several Federal Laws were passed against it.

1865 Alien & Sedition Act 1870 & 1871 Two Ku Klux Acts 1868 The State of Tennessee passed a separate Anti-Ku Klux Statute. By about 1872 most Southern States were electing White Legislatures, so the Ku Klux Klan was formally "abolished" about 1874. Reconstruction ended with the presidential election of 1876 when Rutherford B. Hayes was elected US President over Samuel B. Tilden and Union troops were removed from the South in 1877. General Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) was originally asked to head the KKK, but declined due to health reasons. General Nathan Bedford Forrest was then asked and became the GRAND WIZARD of the KU KLUX KLAN in 1866. It was he who formally abolished it about the year 1874.

Imperial Wizards / 5 eras 1st Era - 1866 to approximately 1874 General Nathan Bedford Forrest Born July 13, 1821 Chapel Hill, Tennessee Died October 29, 1877 near Memphis, Tennessee Nickname "The Wizard of the Saddle" Confederate General in charge of "Forrest's Cavalry" In 1907 Thomas Dixon (1/11/1864 - 4/3/1946), a native of North Carolina published a book entitled, THE CLANSMEN pertaining to the KKK of the Reconstruction Era; he also published two other novels pertaining to the KKK (THE LEOPARD'S SPOTS and THE TRAITOR). These three books are now published together as one book entitled THE RECONSTRUCTION TRILOGY by the Noontide Press (preface by Sam Dickson). In 1915 D.W. Griffith, a Kentuckian, produced his silent movie classic, BIRTH OF A NATION pertaining to the Civil War and Reconstruction Era. He "glorified" the KKK.

2nd Era - 1915 to approximately 1925 Colonel William Joseph Simmons Title of "Imperial Wizard" Col. Simmons formed a "New Klan" on Thanksgiving Eve in November 1915 at Stone Mountian, Georgia. This Klan was opened to White Men in the 48 United States with ancestry going back to the Revolutionary War or before. This Era of the Klan was founded on concepts of Americanism, meaning Christianity and Patriotism. There were between 4 to 5 million members by 1925. Special "Ladies Auxillary" was formed, as the KKK itself was a White male social and fraternal organization. In August of 1925, 40 thousand Klansmen marched down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC. Many Americans were members from all social and economic classes, including politicians and US Presidents. It's believed that five US Presidents were Klansmen. These include: Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Even though Roosevelt was a "Liberal" New Yorker, he supported Segregation in the South for political reasons.

3rd Era - Late 1920's to mid 1930's Dr. Samuel Green Title of "Imperial Wizard" Late 1920's saw a dramatic decline in Klan membership due to several publicized scandals, especially in Indiana. David C. Stephenson was convicted of 2nd degree murder in Indiana. The Great Depression of 1929 and the hard years of 1930 to 1933 also caused membership to fall. 4th Era - Late 1930's to approximately 1945 Hiram Wesley Evans Title of "Imperial Wizard" The KKK was investigated during the 1920's and early 1930's by the US Congress. Eventually the National Office of the KKK was "closed down" in the early 1940's and assets sold off to pay "owed income taxes". During this period a number of states passed "Mask Laws" against public Klan activities. During the 1930's some members of the KKK formed an "alliance of sorts" with the German-American Bund (an American National Socialist organization).

Klan membership declined due to the closing of the National Office and the fact that many White men served in the US Armed Forces during World War II. After WWII, President Harry S. Truman issued an Executive Order "integrating" the US Armed Forces. Before this, Whites and niggers were "segregated" in US Armed Forces. The 1950's and 1960's were referred to as the years of the "Civil Rights Movement for niggers in the Old South". The Z.O.G. (Zionist Occupation Government) in Washington, DC. passed laws which were upheld by the "jew infested" US Supreme Court against Southern Whites, in favor of niggers. Segregation (meaning racial separation between Whites and niggers) was always the "Law" in an area where slavery was legal. After the end of the Civil War when the 13th and 14th Amendments to the US Constitution freed slaves granting them citizenship and voting rights, Southern Whites were "determined" to regain economic and political control. The KKK was the "leading" group that accomplished this.

Therefore in the 1950's and 1960's, a number of "smaller", state-wide Klans sprang up in the "Old South" determined to "maintain the status quo of Racial Segregation". In 1896, the US Supreme Court ruled in Plessy vs. Ferguson that "separate, but equal" policy regarding the races was "legal". Some of these later Klan groups were headed by an Imperial Wizard, but most were small, headed by a Grand Dragon. One of the best known was Robert Shelton who headed the Mississippi White Knights of the KKK. "Desegregation" and "special privileges" for niggers, gooks, muds and faggots became the "Law of the Land". The Klan was "infiltrated" by FBI informants and a number of Klansmen were arrested, tried in federal court, found guilty of "Hate Crimes and Civil Rights Violations" and were imprisoned. Morris Dees and his South Poverty Law Center have been effective in "destroying" several White Organizations through "civil lawsuits".

5th Era -1993 TO PRESENT+ IMPERIAL WIZARD-RAY LARSEN AND THE INDIANA BASED/NATIONAL KNIGHTS KKK Founded by Six Confederate Veterans 150 Years Ago Dec. 24, 1865 Reconstruction150 | Page 21 | American Civil War Forums American Civil War Forums Dismiss Notice Join and Become a Patron at CivilWarTalk! Support this site with a monthly or yearly subscription! Active Patrons get to browse the site Ad free! 6,033 Ellen Frantz Parsons mentions that George W. Gordon was possibly a part of the early founding of the Ku Klux Klan. He was born in Pulaski in 1836 and spent parts of his childhood in Texas and Mississippi. He attended the Western Military Institute in Nashville and became a civil engineer after graduation. Enlisting in the 11th Regiment, Tennessee Infantry, he became a Brigadier General during the ACW. He served under Major General John C. Brown, also of Pulaski. After the War, he studied the law and became a lawyer practicing in Pulaski, then in Memphis.

He was eventually elected School Superintendent in Memphis and then to Congress in 1906. The 1850 slave schedules indicate that his farmer father, Andrew Gordon, owned 17 slaves in Tippah, Mississippi. Nathanb1 and Pat Young like this. (Membership has it privileges! To remove this ad: Register NOW! ) cash Brev. Brig. Gen'l Right here. "Founded in Pulaski, Tennessee, by six Confederates on the day before Christmas in 1865, the group was named after the Greek word for circle, kyklos, and initially was little more than a social club for discontented veterans. By the spring o 1867, however, it had adopted a hierarchical, military-style organization, and former slave trader and Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest emerged as its Grand Dragon, or national leader. Members took an oath to support 'a white man's government' and were thereafter required to carry arms at all times. Massachusetts congressman Benjamin F.

Butler, the former officer who had freed black runaways at Fort Monroe, understood that the Klan was not a response to defeat itself, but was instead an extra-legal attempt to halt the political reforms engendered by Reconstruction. Having 'lost on the open field of battle,' Butler argued, former slaveholders had drafted the Black Codes. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 and new state constitutions mandated by Congress had erased those attempts to circumvent the Thirteenth Amendment. So 'now by stealthy midnight assassination' Klansmen sought to deny black Americans 'the rights guaranteed to [them] by the constitution of the country.' What white southerners could not achieve by working within the political system, Butler charged, they would accomplish through 'force, fraud, and murder.' " [Douglas R. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction: The Brief, Violent History of America's Most Progressive Era, pp. 287-289] Thus far I've seen nothing worthwhile about the KKK's early days. New York SquirrelHudson said: ↑ I see the opposite.

In fact I've seen several accounts through not just my own but the genealogy research of friends that many men lied to try to get a pension without any Confederate service. Say they're born in about 1848 and their older brother was in the war and so they get one of his war buddies to verify that he served with him when he really didn't. Times were hard during the Reconstruction and I can't really blame them for doing what they had to but it still happened. Not every southerner was too proud. Click to expand... Were Confederate pensions even an issue during reconstruction? Didn't most Southern states only start awarding pensions to CSA widows and disabled vets in the mid 1880s? 26 I was curious and found out this when they started to protest the statue of Nathan Bedford Forest because he started the kkk and what I found was interesting according to civilwar411 when he went to fight the union he took 45 slaves with him as soldiers he told them that if the/ went he would give them their freedom upon their return and ofcourse if they lost they get freedom anyway and he was good to his word and granted them freedom 3 months before the end of the war when they came home.

37 of the newly freed men that return home with him . he joined the kkk in an effort to secure the safty of the men and families of the confederate army both white and black when he was informed of the atrocities that were being done in the name of the klu klux klan he oldered it disbanded and remained away from it if you want to check it out go to civilwar411 Mississippi vetrescor65 said: ↑ I was curious and found out this when they started to protest the statue of Nathan Bedford Forest because he started the kkk and what I found was interesting according to civilwar411 when he went to fight the union he took 45 slaves with him as soldiers he told them that if the/ went he would give them their freedom upon their return and ofcourse if they lost they get freedom anyway and he was good to his word and granted them freedom 3 months before the end of the war when they came home. 37 of the newly freed men that return home with him .

he joined the kkk in an effort to secure the safty of the men and families of the confederate army both white and black when he was informed of the atrocities that were being done in the name of the klu klux klan he oldered it disbanded and remained away from it if you want to check it out go to civilwar411 Click to expand... If you haven't already, I invite you to visit the Civil War Talk - Nathan Bedford Forrest forum. Much of what you mention is addressed in depth on many threads within the Forrest forum. I think you'll enjoy it. Along with my co hosts, @diane , @Nathanb1 , and @DixieRifles we'll try to help you with any questions you may have about General Forrest 1,881 Pat Young said: ↑ The letters were written a couple of years after The Clansman's romanticization of their cause. They appear in the book The Ku Klux Klan or the Invisible Empire by S.E.F. Rose Historian General of the UDC. Click to expand...

A thought just occured to me, partially because of this title card, After the Clansman or Birth of a Nation, did any Klan members come forward and say, "hey we weren't about that, that makes us look racist." Or were they pritty much, "yeah we did that high fives all around." (Yeah, that's not how they'd talk, I might need to stop binge watching drunk history. ) These letters make it seem they were okay with how they were portrayed. 26 i think you are missing my point the klan has gone tru three incarnations the first was to protect the confederate vet.

After it was disbanded it came back after ww1 as a hate group going after the black population it again died off and return in force after ww2 by th 1950's and 60's it had become a full fledged hate group promoting white supremacy against any one who did not see things their way to not look at the entire history and not to see the movies and novels for what they are is a disservice to our ancestors and as I told a young man at a truckstop in las cruise New Mexico to have the confederate battle flag on a jacket with a nazi swastika is insulting because the cbf did not stand for genocide State of Jefferson DRW said: ↑ Were Confederate pensions even an issue during reconstruction? Didn't most Southern states only start awarding pensions to CSA widows and disabled vets in the mid 1880s? Click to expand... Some times I do think there was a contribution to the origins of the klan by widows, who were the most vulnerable and scared group. It was the women who led the building of statues and all much, much later, but a lot were in bad shape right after the war and looking for a white knight - literally.

It's not something I really thought about until just now, though! Think it's worth a look. Forrest was very much involved with this group and disabled veterans because there was nothing for them at that point. Later, but not immediately. 5,945 vetrescor65 said: ↑ Maybe there is some volitaty to you statement but I really don't believe that nathan beford forrest was involved in the hate and torment of honest black people that were just trying to servive there were reprisals on both sides and plenty of blame to pass around but if forrest was so set on being against the blacks why did he order the disolving of the organization and live the rest of his life distancing himself from it along with helping to support the advancement of the race just a thought Click to expand... Seems the logic would be: If the first Klan was just to protect the Confederate vet and wasn't anti-black, there would be no need for Forrest to distance himself from it. Right here.

vetrescor65 said: ↑ I was curious and found out this when they started to protest the statue of Nathan Bedford Forest because he started the kkk and what I found was interesting according to civilwar411 when he went to fight the union he took 45 slaves with him as soldiers he told them that if the/ went he would give them their freedom upon their return and ofcourse if they lost they get freedom anyway and he was good to his word and granted them freedom 3 months before the end of the war when they came home. 37 of the newly freed men that return home with him . he joined the kkk in an effort to secure the safty of the men and families of the confederate army both white and black when he was informed of the atrocities that were being done in the name of the klu klux klan he oldered it disbanded and remained away from it if you want to check it out go to civilwar411 Click to expand... He didn't take them as soldiers. He took them as teamsters and servants. Why wouldn't they return, since that was their home and where their families were living. He joined the KKK because he wanted to maintain white supremacy.

He was fine with the violence the Klan was perpetrating. He sent out the disbanding order because the battle had been won. I prefer to read real history books instead of spurious websites. The Black And Silver Solution - The United Klans of America 1870 & 1871 Two Ku Klux Acts 1868 The State of Tennessee passed a separate Anti-Ku Klux Statute. By about 1872 most Southern States were electing White Legislatures, so the Ku Klux Klan was formally "abolished" about 1874. Reconstruction ended with the presidential election of 1876 when Rutherford B. Hayes was elected US President over Samuel B. Tilden and Union troops were removed from the South in 1877. General Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) was originally asked to head the KKK, but declined due to health reasons. General Nathan Bedford Forrest was then asked and became the GRAND WIZARD of the KU KLUX KLAN in 1866. It was he who formally abolished it about the year 1874.

Imperial Wizards / Six Eras 1st Era - 1866 to approximately 1874 General Nathan Bedford Forrest Born July 13, 1821 Chapel Hill, Tennessee Died October 29, 1877 near Memphis, Tennessee Nickname "The Wizard of the Saddle" Confederate General in charge of "Forrest's Cavalry" In 1907 Thomas Dixon (1/11/1864 - 4/3/1946), a native of North Carolina published a book entitled, THE CLANSMEN pertaining to the KKK of the Reconstruction Era; he also published two other novels pertaining to the KKK (THE LEOPARD'S SPOTS and THE TRAITOR). These three books are now published together as one book entitled THE RECONSTRUCTION TRILOGY by the Noontide Press (preface by Sam Dickson). In 1915 D.W. Griffith, a Kentuckian, produced his silent movie classic, BIRTH OF A NATION pertaining to the Civil War and Reconstruction Era. He "glorified" the KKK.

2nd Era - 1915 to approximately 1925 Colonel William Joseph Simmons Title of "Imperial Wizard" Col. Simmons formed a "New Klan" on Thanksgiving Eve in November 1915 at Stone Mountian, Georgia. This Klan was opened to White Men in the 48 United States with ancestry going back to the Revolutionary War or before. This Era of the Klan was founded on concepts of Americanism, meaning Christianity and Patriotism. There were between 4 to 5 million members by 1925. Special "Ladies Auxillary" was formed, as the KKK itself was a White male social and fraternal organization. In August of 1925, 40 thousand Klansmen marched down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC. Many Americans were members from all social and economic classes, including politicians and US Presidents. It's believed that five US Presidents were Klansmen. These include: Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Even though Roosevelt was a "Liberal" New Yorker, he supported Segregation in the South for political reasons.

3rd Era - Late 1920's to mid 1930's Dr. Samuel Green Title of "Imperial Wizard" Late 1920's saw a dramatic decline in Klan membership due to several publicized scandals, especially in Indiana. David C. Stephenson was convicted of 2nd degree murder in Indiana. The Great Depression of 1929 and the hard years of 1930 to 1933 also caused membership to fall. 4th Era - Late 1930's to approximately 1945 Hiram Wesley Evans Title of "Imperial Wizard" The KKK was investigated during the 1920's and early 1930's by the US Congress. Eventually the National Office of the KKK was "closed down" in the early 1940's and assets sold off to pay "owed income taxes". During this period a number of states passed "Mask Laws" against public Klan activities. During the 1930's some members of the KKK formed an "alliance of sorts" with the German-American Bund (an American National Socialist organization).

Klan membership declined due to the closing of the National Office and the fact that many White men served in the US Armed Forces during World War II. After WWII, President Harry S. Truman issued an Executive Order "integrating" the US Armed Forces. Before this, Whites and niggers were "segregated" in US Armed Forces. The 1950's and 1960's were referred to as the years of the "Civil Rights Movement for niggers in the Old South". The Z.O.G. (Zionist Occupation Government) in Washington, DC. passed laws which were upheld by the "jew infested" US Supreme Court against Southern Whites, in favor of niggers. Segregation (meaning racial separation between Whites and niggers) was always the "Law" in an area where slavery was legal. After the end of the Civil War when the 13th and 14th Amendments to the US Constitution freed slaves granting them citizenship and voting rights, Southern Whites were "determined" to regain economic and political control. The KKK was the "leading" group that accomplished this.

Therefore in the 1950's and 1960's, a number of "smaller", state-wide Klans sprang up in the "Old South" determined to "maintain the status quo of Racial Segregation". In 1896, the US Supreme Court ruled in Plessy vs. Ferguson that "separate, but equal" policy regarding the races was "legal". Some of these later Klan groups were headed by an Imperial Wizard, but most were small, headed by a Grand Dragon. One of the best known was Robert Shelton who headed the Mississippi White Knights of the KKK. "Desegregation" and "special privileges" for niggers, gooks, muds and faggots became the "Law of the Land". The Klan was "infiltrated" by FBI informants and a number of Klansmen were arrested, tried in federal court, found guilty of "Hate Crimes and Civil Rights Violations" and were imprisoned. Morris Dees and his South Poverty Law Center have been effective in "destroying" several White Organizations through "civil lawsuits".

5th Era - 1970's into the 1980's David Duke Title of "Grand Wizard" of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc. Duke started the "Media Klan", where business suits commonly replaced traditional robes and hoods. This was an attempt to make the KKK more "politically correct". In the mid-1970's Duke left the Klan to run for public office in Louisiana. He was then succeeded by Don Black who had legal problems in the late 1970's and now is the editor of "Stormfront". Black was succeeded by Stanley McKellum (served a short term). Thomas Robb of Michigan succeeded McKellum by the early 1980's. Robb is still Grand Wizard of the KKKK, now with headquarters in Harrison, AR. NOT all Klans "responded to this favorably"! A number wanted to be the "traditional" KKK of the 1920's and 1930's when members believed in "God, Race and Country" and "political correctness be damned"! Pastor Bob Miles was a Michigan Klan Leader between the 4th and 5th Eras.

He was a "mentor" to Ed Novak, giving him the idea and name for the FOK (Federation of Klans). Late in 1993 or early 1994, dissatisfied members of the KKKK left, asking Novak to form and the be Imperial Wizard of the FOK. This Klan organization lasted about three years before it was disbanded. 6th Era - (currently) 1996 to 2015 Ronald Edwards Title of "Imperial Wizard" of the IKA (Imperial Klans of America) Ron Edwards founded the IKA in the Fall of 1996, going public in 1997. The IKA is now part of the largest Klan organization in America today, with members throughout the US, as well as Europe, Australia, and South Africa. The IKA is a "traditional" Klan with a focus on the 21st Century. We have ties to Skinhead and National Socialist groups. We are a LAW ABIDING ORGANIZATION.

Civil Rights test 1 at College of the Ozarks - StudyBlue StudyBlue Size: 32 Views: 7 Redeemers Group of southerners who helped return the democrats to political power in the south during reconstruction and tried to limit the civil rights of African American Ku Klux Klan The first Klan was founded in Pulaski, Tennessee, some time between December 1865 and August 1866 by six former members of the Confederate army. Nathan Bedford Forrest Advertisement ) Separate Car Act The Separate Car Act was a law passed by the Louisiana State Legislature in 1890 which required "equal, but separate" train car accommodations for Blacks and Whites. was the stepping stone to Plessy v. Ferguson Plessy vs. Ferguson - Separate but equal is constitutional What Happened in Pierce city? -August 19, 1901 -weapons stolen from a state militia arsenal and violently banished the town’s 300 black residents. -Three black men were lynched, allegedly in response to the murder of a 23-year-old white woman.

Gisela Wilde -townspeople wanted to follow the lead of Monett, which had expelled its African American population seven years earlier. -St. Louis Post-Dispatch “Monettized" what were the names of the people involved in Pierce City? Gisela Wilde Springfield -April 14, 1906 -mob broke into the town jail, then lynched two black men: Horace Duncan and Fred Coker, for allegedly sexually assaulting -Mina Edwards, a white woman. Later they returned to the jail and lynched another black man -Will Allen, accused of murder. The victims were hanged and burned by a mob more than 2,000 strong in the town square. Booker T. Washington -Best way for blacks to gain standing was through education - founded Tuskegee Institute 1881 - thought that black people needed to gain respect through work - first black man to be invited to the whitehouse Tuskegee institute in Alabama James K.

Vardaman - "The Great White Chief", - "If it is necessary every Negro in the state will be lynched; it will be done to maintain white supremacy."[1] -appealed to the poorer whites, -As Governor, he would amuse himself by releasing black convicts from the state penitentiary "into the surrounding wilderness and hunting them down with bloodhounds."[2] Theodore Bilbo Democrat governor of Mississippi and later was elected US Senator proud racist that believed inequality active member of the Ku Klux Klan The term "Great Migration" refers to the mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North. Elain, AR incident -September 30, 1919 -to obtain better payments for their cotton crops from the white plantation owners who dominated the area -In a conflict, guards shot one of the white men. Violence ensued five whites and 100-200 blacks dead. The events of the following week in the Elaine area are subject to debate.The only men prosecuted in the events were 115 African Americans.. Tulsa Race Riots 1921 conflict between white and black communities. Tulsa growing anti black sentiment.

Lot of destruction from incendiary bombs. -Began when dick Rowland was accused of assaulting a sarah Page - story published in the Tulsa tribune Tuesday afternoon -black mob formed based on false info-then white mob formed -greenwood was burned to the ground Rosewood, FL incident, early 1920s fannie taylor claimed she was beaten by a black man (it was her husband) white mob marches on rosewood without a target authorities reported 6 blacks lynched (36 actually died) black men fought back -now worked against all people who weren't WASP February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963 Attended Harvard University. First African-American to receive a doctorate from Harvard.

Founded National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Published The Souls of Black Folk "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line." - Du Bois Paralell lines between Du Bois/Washington and Malcom X/MLK du Bois/Malcom X- both thought that blacks should be more aggressive to gain standing in the country Washington/MLK- blacks should be peaceful and gain standing through merit marcus garvey -UNIA- Universal Negro Improvement Association -wanted to give blacks the chance to go back to Africa The 4 Foundational Principles of the NAACP 1- equality of civil rights 2- eradicate race and class prejudice 3- Advance the interest of blacks 4- absolute equality before the law A. Philip Randolph -organized and led the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first predominantly African American labor union. -convinced President Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 8802 in 1941, banning discrimination in the defense industries during World War II. -successfully pressured President Harry S. Truman to issue Executive Order 9981 in 1948, ending segregation in the armed services.

The Fraternal Order of Sleeping Car Porters -first African American union for fair wage -founded in 1925 -wanted to go to law school at MU -accepted and then was denied based on "clerical error" -Charles Hamilton Huston was his lawyer in Gaines v. Canada Gaines V. Canada -Started in 1936 -Gaines sued MU -MU said they would found a law school at Lincoln U and would offer him a scholarship to anywhere else -gaines refused bc he was refused based on race alone violating the 14th amendment -MU won in all lower courts/ Gaines won in Supreme Court Aftermath of Gaines V.

Canada -Supreme Court told MO they needed an equal law school or MU needed to integrate -Jeff told MU to integrate- MU said no -MU designates a few classrooms as new Law School - Gaines refused to go and Huston began to file another brief then Gaines disappeared Executive Order 8802 Banned discrimination in defense jobs Established a Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) to monitor compliance This was to prevent the March on Washington in 1941 Civil Rights Commission -looked into mistreatment of blacks (recommended govt action) -truman created in 1946 Pulaski Tennessee TN | Warrant Search | Outstanding Arrest Warrants Female Pulaski Tennessee TN Warrant Search If you want to search for outstanding arrest warrants in Pulaski Tennessee TN - the easiest and safest way would be to use an online warrant search service that will allow you to gather information from several different local and national databases and provide you with a detailed report regarding the individual's warrant status, without leaving the comfort of your home or office. If you are doing a new search on yourself, it is recommended that you use govwarrantsearch.org. This is a discreet warrant search service that will allow you to search anonymously without fear of prosecution.

This is probably one of the most trusted and thorough services in the industry. With govwarrantsearch.org, you will have access to the same technology that both law enforcement and private investigators use on a daily basis. The service will compile everything about your subject in one detailed report and make for easy analysis. Having all of this information in less than a minute is as easy as filling out the form above. If you prefer the "manual" approach - You can always visit your local law enforcement office for this information. The police officer will charge you a nominal fee and provide you with a print-out of the individual's warrant record. It is not suggested to do this type of search on yourself. Obviously, the police officer will be forced to arrest you if they find that you have a Tennessee TN warrant against your record. The Definition of a Warrant The simplest way to define a warrant is: a court document that commands police to take a particular action. There are several different types of warrants, but the most common are arrest warrants and search warrants. While arrest warrants command police to arrest individuals, search warrants command of the police to search specified locations. A warrant is a legal document, signed by a judge and administered by the police.

The Definition of an Arrest Warrant Fortunately in the United States, Police Departments are not allowed to randomly arrest its citizens. First, a judge must sign a legal document called an arrest warrant before law enforcement can make an arrest. Arrest warrants can be issued for various reasons, but, failure to appear at court is the most common cause. Keep in mind that police officers will enter homes and places of business to incarcerate fugitives with arrest warrants on their record. How to Find Out If You Have a Warrant in Pulaski Tennessee TN : Whether you're searching for a warrant on yourself or others, you have a few options to get the job done. The first option is to head down to your local police department and make a warrant request. The only problem with this option is that you usually need a good reason to do a search on someone else. If you convinced the officer that you have a good reason - obtaining a warrant report will cost a nominal fee, and a bit of patience. Keep in mind that this is a low priority request, and the police officer at the front desk will often take their time with your arrest warrant search. A word of warning: this method is not suggested if you are doing an arrest warrant search on yourself.

If the police determine that you have an active warrant, they will arrest you and you will not have a chance to prepare your defense. You also shouldn't use this method when checking on the status of family members or close friends as well. This is because the police will attempt to gather information about the person's whereabouts. You could even be brought into the situation if you attempt to deceive the police, as obstructing justice is a crime. The easiest and safest way to check if someone has an outstanding warrant on file is by using a public online search engine, like govwarrantsearch.org. This site will allow you to instantly investigate anyone's background using all national databases and receive the information that you need without having to go anywhere in person. You can easily gather information from many databases with a single click, and either conduct an in-state search for warrants in Pulaski Tennessee TN , or use the "Nationwide" option to search for warrants anywhere else in the entire United States. Aside from being quick and easy, an online search is also beneficial because of the privacy that it affords you. You can avoid putting your freedom in jeopardy by searching online. Using a public online search like govwarrantsearch.org is the recommended method for anyone that needs arrest warrant information.

Bench Warrants Defined A bench warrant is placed against any individual that does not show up for a court date as scheduled. This warrant directs law enforcement to seek out this individual and place them into custody. As far as the police are concerned, an individual with a bench warrant is a fugitive at large. If you have a bench warrant against you, it is important to take care of the situation as soon as possible. Usually, local law enforcement officers are very active when it comes to serving bench warrants. It is not uncommon for the police to arrive at your home at 2 AM to take you to jail. Search Warrants Defined A search warrant is a court order document that allows a particular law enforcement agency to search a home or place of business for proof of illegal activity. Search warrants are signed by a judge and very specific in nature. Law enforcement must adhere to the verbiage of the document or risk having their evidence inadmissible in court. Search warrants have a specific expiration date and the police cannot continue to return without a new search warrant. If you are served with a search warrant, you should ask to read the warrant to ensure that the police are following the court order properly.

It will detail the types of evidence that can be removed, when they are allowed to search, as well as the limitations on where law enforcement are allowed to search. While law enforcement officers are allowed to confiscate any contraband that they locate during the search (drugs, unregistered weapons, etc.), they can only remove evidence listed in the search warrant. Outstanding Warrants and Active Warrants Explained Both active warrants and outstanding warrants have the same meaning and can be used equally in the eyes of the law. With that being said, the term, "outstanding warrant" is most often used to describe warrants that are several years old. Regardless of the chosen phrase, both outstanding warrants and active warrants are court-ordered documents that allow law enforcement to arrest an individual using any means necessary. I Have Not Been Notified By The Police - Could I Still Have An Arrest Warrant On File? You should never wait on notification from the police to determine if you have an arrest warrant on file. The sad truth is that the majority of individuals arrested were unaware of a warrant on their record. Silvia Conrad experienced this first hand when a police officer randomly appeared at her place of work.

She was completely unaware of a warrant placed against her, but was hauled off to jail. While it may create an embarrassing experience, the police will do whatever it takes to apprehend you. To understand why you may not be notified properly, you should look at it from the prospective of the police. It basically makes law enforcement's job much easier. The police would rather catch you off guard than prepared and ready to run. Bottom Line - Whether you have been notified or not, the police will find you and arrest you to serve their warrant. How to Avoid Being Picked Up On An Arrest Warrant Before you get your hopes up and think that you can actually live a normal life with an arrest warrant on your record, you must realize that this is an impossible venture. Even if you were capable of eluding the police for quite some time, your life would be anything but normal. The thought of a looming arrest would always be on your mind, and would force you to constantly `watch your back' for the police. Unfortunately, the sad truth is that the majority of arrest warrants get served years after the warrant is issued. "Don't Run!" is probably the best advice that one can receive.

Its much better to take care of the problem as soon as possible than wait until you've gotten your life back together and find that you're being drawn back into the same old situation.. Do Arrest Warrants Expire? Regardless of the state that the warrant was filed, there is no expiration of an arrest warrant. These warrants will only go away in the case of: a) Death General Information from wikipedia: Pulaski, Tennessee Pulaski is a city in Giles County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 7,871 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Giles County. Pulaski is most well known for being the birthplace of the Ku Klux Klan. It was named to honor the Polish-born American Revolutionary War hero Kazimierz Pułaski.

Geography Pulaski is located at 35°11′45″N 87°2′4″W﻿ / ﻿35.19583°N 87.03444°W﻿ / 35.19583; -87.03444 (35.195786, -87.034328).According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.6 square miles (17.0 km2), all of it land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 7,871 people, 3,455 households, and 2,038 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,200.8 people per square mile (464.0/km2). There were 3,888 housing units at an average density of 593.2 per square mile (229.2/km2).

The racial makeup of the city was 70.40% White, 27.06% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.There were 3,455 households out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.7% were married couples living together, 18.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.82.In the city the population was spread out with 22.1% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 82.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.4 males.The median income for a household in the city was $27,459, and the median income for a family was $37,219. Males had a median income of $30,400 versus $21,714 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,751.

About 12.7% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.1% of those under age 18 and 17.1% of those age 65 or over. History The vicinity of Pulaski, TN was the site of a number of skirmishes during the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War.In 1863, Pulaski was the city where Confederate Sam Davis was hanged by the Union in the American Civil War.In 1865, Pulaski became the birth place of the first Ku Klux Klan, founded by Tennessee veterans of the Confederate Army.Pulaski is also home to former University of Tennessee Volunteers forward, Tyler Smith. He was an NBA prospect before his dismissal from the team.Martin Methodist College was founded in Pulaski in 1870. Airport Abernathy Field is a public use airport owned by the City of Pulaski and Giles County. It is located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Pulaski. Education Pulaski is home to one high school, Giles County High School.

Pulaski is also home to Tennessee Technology Center at Pulaski. Pulaski is also the home of Martin Methodist College Tags: The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow . Jim Crow Stories . The Ku Klux Klan | PBS The Ku Klux Klan was originally organized in the winter of 1865-66 in Pulaski, Tennessee as a social club by six Confederate veterans. In the beginning, the Klan was a secret fraternity club rather than a terrorist organization. (Ku Klux was derived from the Greek "kuklos," meaning circle, and the English word clan.) The costume adopted by its members (disguises were quite common) was a mask and white robe and high conical pointed hat. According to the founders of the Klan, it had no malicious intent in the beginning. The Klan grew quickly and became a terrorist organization. It attracted former Civil War generals such as Nathan Bedford Forrest, the famed cavalry commander whose soldiers murdered captured black troops at Fort Pillow. The Klan spread beyond Tennessee to every state in the South and included mayors, judges, and sheriffs as well as common criminals. The Klan systematically murdered black politicians and political leaders.

It beat, whipped, and murdered thousands, and intimidated tens of thousands of others from voting. Blacks often tried to fight back, but they were outnumbered and out gunned. While the main targets of Klan wrath were the political and social leaders of the black community, blacks could be murdered for almost any reason. Men, women, children, aged and crippled, were victims. A 103-year-old woman was whipped, as was a completely paralyzed man. In Georgia, Abraham Colby, an organizer and leader in the black community, was whipped for hours in front of his wife and children. His little daughter begged the Klansman, "Don't take my daddy away." She never recovered from the sight and died soon after. In Mississippi, Jack Dupree's throat was cut and he was disemboweled in front of his wife, who had just given birth to twins. Klansman burned churches and schools, lynching teachers and educated blacks. Black landowners were driven off their property and murdered if they refused to leave. Blacks were whipped for refusing to work for whites, for having intimate relations with whites, for arguing with whites, for having jobs whites wanted, for reading a newspaper or having a book in their homes..

Or simply for being black. Klan violence led one black man to write: "We have very dark days here. The colored people are in despair. The rebels boast that the Negroes shall not have as much liberty now as they had under slavery. If things go on thus, our doom is sealed. God knows it is worse than slavery." Hear the tactics used to oppress blacks after Emancipation. A few state governments fought back. In Tennessee and Arkansas, Republicans organized a police force that arrested Klansmen and carried out executions. In Texas, Governor Edmund Davis organized a crack state police unit, 40 percent of whose officers were black. The police made over 6,000 arrests and stopped the Klan. Armed groups of black and whites fought or threatened Klansman in North and South Carolina. The federal government also exerted its influence, empowering federal authorities with the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871. Klan activity ended by 1872 and disappeared until it was revived again in 1915. -- Richard Wormser

Question: Which organisation founded in Pulaski Tennessee in December 1865 by 6 former members of the Confederate Army?
Answer: Ku Klux Klan