Apennine Range | mountains, Italy | Britannica.com Apennine Range Alternative Titles: Appennines, Appennini, Appennino Related Topics Ariano Irpino Apennine Range, also called the Apennines, Italian Appennino, series of mountain ranges bordered by narrow coastlands that form the physical backbone of peninsular Italy . From Cadibona Pass in the northwest, close to the Maritime Alps , they form a great arc, which extends as far as the Egadi Islands to the west of Sicily . Their total length is approximately 870 miles (1,400 kilometres), and their width ranges from 25 to 125 miles. Mount Corno , 9,554 feet (2,912 metres), is the highest point of the Apennines proper on the peninsula. The range follows a northwest–southeast orientation as far as Calabria , at the southern tip of Italy; the regional trend then changes direction, first toward the south and finally westward. The Apennines mountain range. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

The Apennines are among the younger ranges of the Alpine system and, geologically speaking, are related to the coastal range of the Atlas Mountains of North Africa . Similarities have also been observed with the Dinaric Alps , which extend through the Balkan region, including Greece. Nearby Sardinia and Corsica , on the other hand, are dissimilar to the Apennines, their granitic rock masses being linked to outcroppings along the Spanish and French coast, from which they parted some 20 million years ago. Physical features Geology The majority of geologic units of the Apennines are made up of marine sedimentary rocks that were deposited over the southern margin of the Tethys Sea , the large ocean that spread out between the Paleo-European and the Paleo-African plates during their separation in the Mesozoic Era (about 250 to 65 million years ago). These rocks are mostly shales, sandstones, and limestones, while igneous rocks (such as the ophiolites of the northern Apennines, the remains of an older oceanic crust) are scarce.

The oldest rocks—metamorphic units of the late Paleozoic Era (about 300 to 250 million years ago), with their continental sedimentary cover containing plant remains—represent the relicts of the ancient continental crust of Gondwanaland and are found in small outcroppings. The granitic intrusions and metamorphic units of the Calabrian and Sicilian ranges are also Paleozoic (Hercynian orogeny), but they are believed to be Alpine in origin and only became part of the Apennine chain through subsequent major tectonic movements. Similar Topics Jura Mountains The Apennine orogeny developed through several tectonic phases, mostly during the Cenozoic Era (i.e., since about 65 million years ago), and came to a climax in the Miocene and Pliocene epochs (about 23 to 2.6 million years ago). The Apennines consist of a thrust-belt structure with three basic trending motions: toward the Adriatic Sea (the northern and central ranges), the Ionian Sea (Calabrian Apennines), and Africa (Sicilian Range).

During Plio-Pleistocene times (i.e., about 5,300,000 to 11,700 years ago), ingression and regression of the sea caused the formation of large marine and continental sedimentary belts (sands, clays, and conglomerates) along the slopes of the new chain. In the past million years numerous large faults have developed along the western side of the Apennines, which may be connected to the crustal thinning that began about 10 million years ago and resulted in the formation of a new sea, the Tyrrhenian. Most of these faults have also facilitated strong volcanic activity, and a volcanic chain has formed along them from Mount Amiata in Tuscany to Mount Etna in Sicily; most of these volcanoes—including Mount Amiata, Mount Cimino, the Alban Hills near Rome , and the Ponza Islands—are extinct, but, to the south, Mount Vesuvius, the Eolie Islands , and Mount Etna are all still active. Seismic activity is common along the entire length of the chain (including Sicily), with more than 40,000 recorded events since ad 1000.

Mostly earthquakes are shallow (three to 19 miles deep), and their occurrence is probably connected to the settlement of the chain in the complicated interaction between the African and European tectonic plates. Mountain Ranges The geologic youth of the Apennines and a great variety of rock types are responsible for the rugged appearance of the range today. In the north, in Liguria , sandstones, marls, and greenstones occur. Landslides often occur in these brittle rocks. In Tuscany, Emilia, Marche , and Umbria , clay, sand and limestones are common. In Lazio , Campania , Puglia , Calabria, and northern and eastern Sicily, there are large calcareous rock outcrops, separated by lowland areas of shale and sandstone. In Molise , Basilicata , and Sicily, extensive argillaceous (clayey) rock types occur. Here, the landscape has a thirsty and desolate appearance, with frequent erosion of the calanchi, or badlands, type.

Physiography EU Considers Rules For Robots Starting from the north, the main subdivisions of the Apennines are the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, with a maximum height of 7,103 feet at Mount Cimone; the Umbrian-Marchigian Apennines, with their maximum elevation (8,130 feet) at Mount Vettore; the Abruzzi Apennines , 9,554 feet at Mount Corno; the Campanian Apennines, 7,352 feet at Mount Meta; the Lucanian Apennines, 7,438 feet at Mount Pollino ; the Calabrian Apennines, 6,414 feet at Mount Alto; and, finally, the Sicilian Range, 10,902 feet at Mount Etna . The ranges in Puglia (the “boot heel” of the peninsula) and southeastern Sicily are formed by low, horizontal limestone plateaus, which remained less affected by the Alpine orogeny. The rivers of the Apennines have short courses.

The two principal rivers are the Tiber (252 miles long), which follows a southerly course along the western base of the Umbrian-Marchigian range before flowing through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the Arno (155 miles), which flows westerly from the Tuscan-Emilian range through Florence to the Ligurian Sea . Also significant is the Volturno (109 miles), which rises in the Abruzzi Apennines near Alfedena and flows southeast as far as its junction with the Calore River near Caiazzo and then turns southwest to enter the Tyrrhenian Sea . In spite of the limited length of the rivers, the action of running water is the chief agent of erosion responsible for molding the contemporary Apennine landscape. The character of the physical geography depends on the varying nature of the rocks in each region and their resistance to water action. The overall aspect of relief, however, exhibits characteristics of an early, or juvenile, stage in the cycle of erosion. In limestone areas, karst erosion, with crevasses worn by water action, predominates.

In the highest part of the Apennines there are traces of the erosive action of the glaciers of the last Ice Age, although, unlike the Alps , contemporary glaciers are lacking. Connect with Britannica Mountains and Mountain Ranges - 2 | Britannica.com Mountains and Mountain Ranges landform that rises prominently above its surroundings, generally exhibiting steep slopes, a relatively confined summit area, and considerable local relief. Displaying 1 - 100 of 753 results Abajo Mountains volcanic segment of the Colorado Plateau, in San Juan county, southeastern Utah, U.S. Abajo Peak (11,362 feet [3,463 metres]) is the highest point in the mountains, which comprise eight summits and are embraced by the Manti-LaSal National Forest. The... Aberdare Range mountain range, forming a section of the eastern rim of the Great Rift Valley in west-central Kenya, northeast of Naivasha and Gilgil and just south of the Equator. The range has an average elevation of 11,000 feet (3,350 metres) and culminates in Oldoinyo...

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The mountains, extending north-south, are approximately 68 miles (110 km) in length and are composed mostly of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, together with some granite. Glaciation from permanent... Akhḍar Mountains mountain range of northeastern Libya that extends along the Mediterranean coast for about 100 miles (160 km) in an east-northeasterly direction between the towns of al-Marj and Darnah. Rising sharply in two steps, the first reaching 985 feet (300 m)... Akwapim-Togo Ranges narrow belt of ridges and hills in Ghana, western Africa. They extend in a southwest-northeast line for about 200 miles (320 km) from the Densu River mouth (near Accra) on the Atlantic coast to the boundary with Togo. Averaging 1,500 feet (460 m) in... Alaska Range one of the components of the Alaskan mountains and a segment of the larger Pacific mountain system of western North America.

The range extends generally northward and eastward in an arc for about 400 miles (650 km) from the Aleutian Range to the boundary... Alaskan Mountains three principal mountain groups of far northwestern North America —the Brooks Range, Alaska Range, and Aleutian Range —found in the U.S. state of Alaska. The mountain ranges of Alaska give their state a rugged and beautiful terrain across its entire... Alban Hills volcanic area in the Lazio (Latium) regione (region) of central Italy, southeast of Rome. The hills consist of an outer circle, 6–8 miles (10–13 km) in diameter, rising to 3,113 feet (949 metres) at Mount Cavo, and an inner crater rim, about 1.5 miles... Albula Alps part of the Rhaetian Alps in eastern Switzerland, lying in Graubünden canton to the north of the resort of Saint Moritz. The mountains extend northeastward from the Splügen Pass (6,932 feet [2,113 m]) to the Flüela Pass (7,818 feet [2,383 m]), and they...

Aleutian Range segment of the Pacific mountain system, western North America. The range extends southwestward for about 600 miles (1,000 km) from the west end of the Alaska Range to the head of Cook Inlet of the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, U.S. The Aleutian Islands represent... Allegheny Mountains mountainous eastern part of the Allegheny Plateau in the Appalachian Mountains, U.S. The Allegheny range extends south-southwestward for more than 500 miles (800 km) from north-central Pennsylvania to southwestern Virginia. Rising to Mount Davis (3,213... Alps a small segment of a discontinuous mountain chain that stretches from the Atlas Mountains of North Africa across southern Europe and Asia to beyond the Himalayas. The Alps extend north from the subtropical Mediterranean coast near Nice, France, to Lake... Altai Mountains complex mountain system of Central Asia extending approximately 1,200 miles (2,000 km) in a southeast-northwest direction from the Gobi (Desert) to the West Siberian Plain, through China, Mongolia, Russia, and Kazakhstan. The jagged mountain ridges derive...

Altun Mountains mountain range in the southern part of the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, northwestern China. Branching off from the Kunlun Mountains, the range runs for more than 400 miles (650 km) from southwest to northeast to form the boundary between the... Amambaí Mountains highlands in western Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, and eastern Paraguay. Extending south-southwest initially as the Maracaju Mountains for approximately 200 miles (320 km) from Campo Grande, the capital of Mato Grosso do Sul, they form the western... Amargosa Range group of mountains in eastern California and southern Nevada, U.S., separating Death Valley from the Amargosa Desert. Part of the Basin Ranges of eastern California, the Amargosa Range extends 110 miles (180 km) from Grapevine Peak (8,705 feet [2,653... Anai Peak peak in eastern Kerala state, southwestern India. Located in the Western Ghats range, it rises to 8,842 feet (2,695 metres) and is peninsular India’s highest peak.

From this point radiate three ranges—the Anaimalai to the north, the Palni to the northeast,... Anaimalai Hills mountain range in the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu state, southern India. The Anaimalai Hills are located at a junction of the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats and have a general northwest-southeast trend. Anai Peak (8,842 feet [2,695 metres]) lies at the... Andes Mountains mountain system of South America and one of the great natural features of the Earth. The Andes consist of a vast series of extremely high plateaus surmounted by even higher peaks that form an unbroken rampart over a distance of some 5,500 miles (8,900... Annamese Cordillera principal mountain range of Indochina and the watershed between the Mekong River and the South China Sea. It extends parallel to the coast in a gentle curve generally northwest-southeast, forming the boundary between Laos and Vietnam. A fairly continuous... Annapurna massif of the Himalayas in north-central Nepal.

It forms a ridge some 30 miles (48 km) long between the gorges of the Kali (Kali Gandak; west) and Marsyandi (east) rivers north of the town of Pokhara. The massif contains four main summits, two of which—... Anti-Atlas mountain range in Morocco running parallel to and southward of the central range of the Atlas Mountains of North Africa. Although it has a mean elevation of 5,000 feet (1,500 metres), some peaks and passes exceed 6,000 feet (1,800 metres). This rugged,... Anti-Lebanon Mountains mountain range that runs northeast-southwest along the Syrian-Lebanese border parallel to the Lebanon Mountains, from which they are separated by the al-Biqāʿ Valley. The range averages 6,500 feet (2,000 m) above sea level, with several peaks exceeding... Apennine Range series of mountain ranges bordered by narrow coastlands that form the physical backbone of peninsular Italy.

From Cadibona Pass in the northwest, close to the Maritime Alps, they form a great arc, which extends as far as the Egadi Islands to the west... Apo, Mount active volcano, south central Mindanao, 20 miles (32 km) west of Davao City; it is the highest point in the Philippines, rising to 9,692 feet (2,954 metres). Part of the Cordillera Central, it is covered by a forest of tall, tropical hardwoods; two subsidiary... Appalachian Highlands the regions of the Ridge and Valley, Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and Appalachian Plateau in the eastern United States. Appalachian Mountains great highland system of North America, the eastern counterpart of the Rocky Mountains. Extending for almost 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador to central Alabama in the United States, the Appalachian Mountains... Appalachian Orogenic Belt an old mountain range that extends for more than 3,000 km (1,860 miles) along the eastern margin of North America from Alabama in the southern United States to Newfoundland, Canada, in the north.

The geosynclinal theory of mountain building was first... Apuseni Mountains large mountain chain, a subgroup of the Carpathians, lying north of the Mureş River, northwestern Romania. The Apuseni (Western) Mountains are not high—reaching a maximum elevation of only 6,066 feet (1,849 m)—but as a uniform, imposing group they dominate... Aragats, Mount mountain in Armenia, northwest of Yerevan and north of the Ararat Plain. The highest point in both Armenia and the Lesser Caucasus range (13,418 feet [4,090 m]), Aragats is a circular, shieldlike mountain composed of both lavas and tufas. A volcanic... Ararat, Mount volcanic massif in extreme eastern Turkey overlooking the point at which the frontiers of Turkey, Iran, and Armenia converge. Its northern and eastern slopes rise from the broad alluvial plain of the Aras River, about 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) above... Aravalli Range hill system of northern India, running northeasterly for 350 miles (560 km) through Rajasthan state.

Isolated rocky offshoots continue to just south of Delhi. The series of peaks and ridges, with breadths varying from 6 to 60 miles (10 to 100 km), are... Argonne wooded, hilly region in eastern France that forms a natural barrier between Champagne and Lorraine. The Argonne is about 40 miles long and 10 miles wide (65 by 15 km). The hilly massif rarely exceeds 650 feet (200 m) in elevation but is slashed with... Arkatag Mountains one of the complex mountain chains that form the Kunlun Mountains in western China. The Arkatag range is in the east-central portion of the Kunluns. Mount Muztag (Muztagh), at its western end, reaches an elevation of 25,338 feet (7,723 metres) and is... Armenian Highland mountainous region of western Asia. It lies mainly in Turkey, occupies all of Armenia, and includes southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, and northwestern Iran. The highland covers almost 154,400 square miles (400,000 square km).

The average elevation... Arvon, Mount peak, Baraga county, northern Upper Peninsula, Michigan, U.S. Reaching an elevation of 1,979 feet (603 metres), it is the highest point in the state. It lies about 12 miles (20 km) east of L’Anse, inland from the Lake Superior shore in a wilderness recreational... Aso, Mount volcano, Kumamoto ken (prefecture), Kyushu, Japan, rising to an elevation of 5,223 feet (1,592 m). It has the largest active crater in the world, measuring 71 miles (114 km) in circumference, 17 miles (27 km) from north to south, and 10 miles (16 km)... Aspiring, Mount mountain in the Southern Alps of west-central South Island, New Zealand. It is a pyramid-shaped peak that rises from the small Bonar, Volta, Therma, and Iso glaciers. Its four ridges reach 9,932 feet (3,027 m), with thick rain forests clothing the western...

Assam Himalayas eastern section of the Great Himalayas, extending eastward across Sikkim state (India) and Bhutan, into northern Assam and Arunachal Pradesh states (India), and along the border with the Tibet Autonomous Region (China). The mountains run eastward for... Atakora Mountains mountain range in western Africa, trending north-northeast. The range begins in the Akwapim Hills of southeastern Ghana (see Akwapim-Togo Ranges) and continues northeasterly to the Niger River through Togo and Benin. The mountains average 2,000 feet... Athos, Mount mountain in northern Greece, site of a semiautonomous republic of Greek Orthodox monks inhabiting 20 monasteries and dependencies (skíte s), some of which are larger than the parent monasteries. It occupies the easternmost of the three promontories of... Atlas Mountains series of mountain ranges in northwestern Africa, running generally southwest to northeast to form the geologic backbone of the countries of the Maghrib (the western region of the Arab world)— Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. They extend for more than...

Aurès mountains, part of the Saharan Atlas in northeastern Algeria, northern Africa, fronted by rugged cliffs in the north and opening out in the south into the two parallel fertile valleys of the wadies Abiod and ʿAbdi, facing the Sahara. The highest peaks,... Australian Alps mountain mass, a segment of the Great Dividing Range (Eastern Uplands), occupying the southeasternmost corner of Australia, in eastern Victoria and southeastern New South Wales. In a more local sense, the term denotes the ranges on the states’ border... Azov Upland hilly region, southeastern Ukraine. Part of the Ukrainian Crystalline Shield, the Azov Upland is an area of denuded mountains, extending from the Dnieper River for 100 miles (160 km) to the Donets Ridge and sloping gently down southeastward to the Sea... Babia, Mount highest mountain (5,659 feet [1,725 m] at Diablok) peak in the Beskid Mountains, on the Slovakia-Poland border and one of the highest peaks in Poland.

It is 12 miles (19 km) north-northeast of Námestovo, Slovakia, and 12 miles (19 km) south-southwest... Backbone Mountain highest point in Maryland, U.S., reaching an elevation of 3,360 feet (1,024 metres). It is located on a ridge of the Allegheny and Appalachian mountains, located in Garrett county 12 miles (19 km) south of Oakland. The ridge is 35 miles (56 km) long... Baetic Cordillera mountain system comprising the Andalusian mountains of southeastern Spain. The northern range (called pre-Baetic in Andalusia and sub-Baetic in Valencia) runs about 360 miles (580 km) from Cape Trafalgar in Andalusia to Cape Nao in Valencia, and it continues... Bago Mountains mountain range of south-central Myanmar (Burma), extending 270 miles (435 km) north-south between the Irrawaddy and Sittang rivers and ending in a ridge at Yangon (Rangoon).

The range averages about 2,000 feet (600 metres) in elevation, reaching its... Bakhuis Gebergte range of hills, west central Suriname, running north–south, about 70 miles (110 km) in length and separating the basins of the Kabalebo and Nickerie rivers (west) from that of the Coppename River (east). The range is relatively low-lying, comprising... Bakony Mountains mountain range in western Hungary, covering about 1,500 square miles (4,000 square km) between Lake Balaton and the Little Alfold and running southwest-northeast for 70 miles (110 km) from the Zala River. The range forms the major component of the highlands... Balaghat Range series of hills in western Maharashtra state, western India. Originating in the Western Ghats at the Harishchandra Range, the Balaghats extend southeastward for about 200 miles (320 km) to the border of Maharashtra and Karnataka states. Its width varies...

Baldy Mountain summit (11,403 feet [3,476 metres]) in the White Mountains, Apache county, eastern Arizona, U.S. Springs on the mountain’s northern slope form the headwaters of the Little Colorado River. Also called Dzil Ligai (Apache: “Mountain of White Rock”), Baldy... Baldy Mountain highest peak in Manitoba, Can., in the southeastern part of Duck Mountain Provincial Park, 36 miles (58 km) northwest of Dauphin. At 2,730 feet (832 metres) above sea level, it is also the highest peak in the 350-mile- (560-km-) long Manitoba Escarpment.... Bale Mountains mountain chain in southern Ethiopia. It rises above 11,000 feet (3,350 metres) near Goba. The Bale Mountain region, including Bale Mountains National Park, is known for its numerous endemic species. Among these are the rare and endangered Ethiopian wolf... Balkan Mountains chief range of the Balkan Peninsula and Bulgaria and an extension of the Alpine-Carpathian folds.

The range extends from the Timok River valley near the Yugoslav (Serbian) border, spreading out eastward for about 330 miles (530 km) into several spurs,... Bamba, Mount mountain (2,625 feet [800 metres]) in the Mayombé Massif, in the southwestern part of the Republic of the Congo. Bandeira Peak peak on the border of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais estados (states), eastern Brazil. It is part of the Caparaó mountain range and lies about 100 miles (160 km) inland from Vitória city on the Atlantic coast. Until 1962, when Neblina Peak (9,888 feet... Baoruco, Sierra de mountain range in the southwestern part of the Dominican Republic. It extends about 50 mi (80 km) east from the Haitian border to the Caribbean Sea and lies parallel to the Cordillera Central. Its highest peak is 5,348 ft (1,630 m). Straddling the Haitian... Bartle Frere, Mount mountain in Bellenden-Ker Range, northeastern Queensland, Australia.

It is the highest point in the state and rises to 5,287 ft (1,611 m) in an area reserved as a national park. Its slopes have the climate of a rain forest and provide cover for a variety... Bavarian Alps northeastern segment of the Central Alps along the German-Austrian border. The mountains extend east-northeastward for 70 miles (110 km) from the Lechtaler Alps to the bend of the Inn River near Kufstein, Austria. Zugspitze (9,718 feet [2,962 metres])... Beartooth Range segment of the northern Rocky Mountains in the United States, extending east-southeastward for 50 miles (80 km) from the Stillwater River, in southern Montana, to the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River, in northwestern Wyoming. Many peaks rise to more... Bellenden Ker Range granitic massif, in the Eastern Highlands, northeastern Queensland, Australia, extending for 40 mi (65 km) along the coast northeast from Nerada to Gordonvale, just south of Cairns.

Bounded by the Mulgrave River (east), the Innisfail Downs (south), and... Belukha, Mount one of the Katun Mountains, a series of snowcapped peaks in Russia. The highest mountain in the Russian portion of the Altai Mountains, Belukha reaches a height of 14,783 feet (4,506 m) in one of its twin peaks. Glaciers cover some 27 square miles (70... Ben Cruachan mountain in the Highlands, Argyll and Bute council area, Scot., culminating in several peaks, the highest of which is 3,689 feet (1,124 metres). It is situated between Loch (“Lake”) Etive on the north and Loch Awe on the south. The Cruachan hydroelectric... Ben Nevis highest mountain of the British Isles, in the Highland council area, Scotland. Its summit, reaching an elevation of 4,406 feet (1,343 metres), is a plateau of about 100 acres (40 hectares), with a slight slope to the south and a sheer face to the northeast....

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Bernese Alps segment of the Central Alps lying north of the Upper Rhône River and south of the Brienzer and Thunersee (lakes) in Bern and Valais cantons of southwestern Switzerland. The mountains extend east-northeastward from the bend of the Rhône near Martigny-Ville... Bernina Alps part of the Rhaetian Alps in eastern Switzerland along the Italian border, lying southeast of the Engadin (valley of the Upper Inn River). The scenic range rises to Bernina Peak (13,284 feet [4,049 m]), which was first ascended in 1850 by the Swiss climber... Beskid Mountains discontinuous series of forested mountain ranges lying in the eastern Czech Republic, northwestern Slovakia, and southern Poland. The Czech sections at the western end of the Carpathian Mountains lie south and east of the Moravian Gate and are identified... Bia, Mount highest peak (9,245 feet [2,818 metres]) in Laos, located among the western spurs of the Annamese Cordillera (Chaîne Annamitique) immediately south of the Xiangkhoang Plateau.

The massif, which trends northwest-southeast, is isolated from its 8,050–8,500-foot... Big Belt Mountains segment of the northern Rocky Mountains, paralleling the eastern bank of the Missouri River for about 80 miles (129 km) in west-central Montana, U.S. The range lies some 20 miles (30 km) east of the city of Helena and the Canyon Ferry Reservoir. The... Big Rock Candy Mountain complex of carbonate hills, about 5,500 feet (1,675 metres) tall, on the edge of one segment of Fishlake National Forest, near Marysvale, south-central Utah, U.S. The striped dun- and rose-coloured hills were fancifully named by workers on the Denver... Bighorn Mountains range of the northern Rocky Mountains in southern Montana, U.S., extending southeastward in an anticlinal arch across north-central Wyoming for 120 miles (193 km). Varying in width between 30 and 50 miles (50 and 80 km), the mountains rise abruptly 4,000...

Bihor Massif mountain massif, the highest part of the Apuseni Mountains, part of the Western Carpathians, western Romania. It is roughly 16 miles (25 km) long from northwest to southeast and 9 miles (14 km) wide. The summit is almost smooth, broken by a few peaks... Bismarck Range northeastern segment of the central highlands of Papua New Guinea, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Visited in 1886 by the German explorer G.E. von Schleinitz, the range was named for Otto von Bismarck. The mountains reach 14,793 feet (4,509 metres)... Bitterroot Range segment of the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S., extending southward for 300 mi (480 km) along the Idaho–Montana border. Peaks average about 9,000 ft (2,700 m), with Scott Peak, in Idaho, the highest (11,394 ft). Owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains... Black Hills isolated eroded mountain region in western South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, U.S., lying largely within Black Hills National Forest.

The hills lie between the Cheyenne and Belle Fourche rivers and rise about 3,000 feet (900 metres) above the surrounding... Black Mountain Range southern spur of the Assam Himalayas in Bhutan. It lies between the Sankosh River (west) and the Mangde (Tongsa) River (east), and tributaries of the two rivers run through deep ravines down its steep slopes. The road between Punakha and Tongsa Dzong... Black Mountains mountain range in Yancey and Buncombe counties in western North Carolina, U.S., part of the Appalachian Mountains extending north from the Blue Ridge. The range includes Mount Mitchell (6,684 feet [2,037 metres]), the highest point east of the Mississippi... Black Range mountain range extending 100 miles (160 km) north to south, through Catron and Sierra counties, southwestern New Mexico, U.S. The range follows the Continental Divide for much of its length. Most of the range lies within the Gila National Forest, near... Blanc, Mont mountain massif and highest peak (15,771 feet [4,807 metres]) in Europe.

Located in the Alps, the massif lies along the French-Italian border and reaches into Switzerland. It extends southwestward from Martigny, Switzerland, for about 25 miles (40 km)... Blanca, Cordillera eastern section of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes, in west central Peru, South America. The snowcapped range extends about 110 mi (180 km) and has a southeast to northwest trend. The highest peak (22,334 ft [6,768 m]) is Nevado (mount) Huascarán.... Blue Mountains range curving northeastward for 190 mi (310 km) from central Oregon to southeastern Washington, U.S. The range reaches a width of 68 mi and an average elevation of about 6,500 ft (2,000 m); it comprises an uplifted, warped, and dissected lava plateau,... Blue Mountains range in eastern Jamaica that extends for about 30 miles (50 km) from Stony Hill, 8 miles north of Kingston, eastward to the Caribbean Sea.

The highest point in the range is Blue Mountain Peak (7,402 feet [2,256 metres]). The Blue Mountains are thickly... Blue Ridge segment of the Appalachian Mountains in the United States. The mountains extend southwestward for 615 miles (990 km) from Carlisle, Pennsylvania, through parts of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, to Mount Oglethorpe, Georgia. The... Boggeragh Mountains mountain range in west County Cork, Ireland, comprising the western end of the Boggeragh-Nagles anticline (upwarp of rock strata), a long line of hills running from County Kerry eastward to the Drum Hills of County Waterford. The Boggeragh Mountains... Bogong, Mount highest peak (6,516 feet [1,986 m]) of Victoria, Australia. It is in the Australian Alps, 150 miles (240 km) northeast of Melbourne. Well known for winter sports, the peak derived its name from an Aboriginal word meaning “high plains.” Bogong township...

Italian geography, Italian mountains, alps, dolomites, appenines, po river, Padan plain, italian lakes, lake como, lake maggiore, lake garda, lake lucano, italian coast Italian geography, Italian mountains, alps, dolomites, appenines, po river, Padan plain, italian lakes, lake como, lake maggiore, lake garda, lake lucano, italian coast Profile Menu Jack of the Italian Navy Current time in Italy Level three The Geography of Italy Geographically, Italy is a boot shaped peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean sea. It is approximately 1,130 kilometres long and has a total area of approximately 301,238 square kilometres comprising some of the most varied and scenic landscapes on earth. Italy's land borders are with Switzerland, France, Austria and Slovenia. There are two independent states within Italy's borders: San Marino and Vatican City. The Mountains Italy is mostly mountainous with ranges over 700 metres covering a third of the country. The best known ranges are the Alps, the Dolomites and the Appenines. The Italian Alps are divided into three main groups.

The first group, the Western Alps run north to south from Aosta to the Cadibona Pass, with the highest peaks of Mount Viso 3,841 metres and Gran Paradiso 4,061 metres which is regarded as the highest mountain completely within Italy. The second group, the Central Alps run west to east from the Western Alps to the Brenner Pass, leading into Austria and the Trentino - Alto Adige valley. This group also has high peaks, such as Monte Bianco (Mont Blanc) with a summit of 4,807 metres just over the border in France, Monte Cervino (Matterhorn) 4,478 metres, Monte Rosa with a summit of 4,634 metres just over the border in Switzerland, and Mount Ortles 3,905 metres. The last group, the Eastern Alps run west to east from the Brenner Pass to Trieste and include the Dolomites and Mount Marmolada 3,343 metres. The Italian foothills of the Alps, which reach no higher than 2,500 metres, lie between these great ranges and the Po valley.

The Apennines form the backbone of the country running down the full length of the Italian peninsula from the Cadibona Pass to the tip of Calabria, continuing onto the island of Sicily. The range is about 2,000 kilometres long. Although narrow at each end, only about 32 kilometres wide, it is about 190 kilometres wide in the Central Apennines, east of Rome, where the "Great Rock of Italy" (Gran Sasso d'Italia) provides the highest Apennine peak at 2,912 metres. This area also includes the only glacier in Italy, Calderone, the southernmost in Europe. The Plains Between the Alps and the Appenines lies the Padan Plain. This is drained by the longest river of Italy, the Po, stretching for 652 kilometres eastward from the Cottian Alps to the Adriatic. Plains cover less than a quarter of the total area of Italy, and the Padan Plain is the most extensive and important in Italy. It occupies more than 44,000 of the 77,000 square kilometres of Italian plain land.

It ranges in altitude from sea level up to 550 metres but most of it lies below 100 metres. The waters of the Po River and all its tributaries, together with the Reno, Adige, Piave, and Tagliamento rivers, eventually provide vital irrigation for the intensive agriculture of the fertile lower plain. Other notable plains include the Maremme of Tuscany and Lazio, the Pontine Marshes, the fertile Campania Plain around Vesuvius and the rather arid Apulian Plain. In Sicily the Plain of Catania is a good area for growing citrus fruit. The Lakes There are about 1,500 lakes in Italy. Most of these are small Alpine lakes that are used for hydroelectric schemes. Other lakes, such as Bolsena and Albano in Lazio, occupy the craters of extinct volcanoes. There are also coastal lagoons, such as Lakes Lesina and Varano in Puglia, and lakes resulting from prehistoric faulting, such as Lake Alleghe, near Belluno. The best-known, largest, and most important of the Italian lakes are Lakes Garda, Maggiore, Como, Iseo, and Lugano.

They are situated in the north of Italy around Milan. They have a semi-Mediterranean climate and are surrounded by groves of olive and citrus trees. Italy also has considerable areas in which, as a result of porous rock, the water systems run underground, forming subterranean streams, sinkholes, and lakes. These are often associated with caves, the most famous of which are those of Castellana, in Puglia. The Coast Including islands, Italy has a total coastline of 7,600 kilometres, much of which is extremely varied. Along the two Ligurian rivieras, on either side of Genoa, the coast alternates between high, rocky zones and level gravel. The most famous of the rocky areas is called Cinque Terre, running from Sestri Levante down to La Spezia. The coast southwards from Tuscany to Campania consists of long, sandy, crescent beaches mixed with higher, more rocky stretches. The Tyrrhenian coasts of basilicata and Calabria are high and rocky, though sometimes broken by short beaches, many of them with spectacular white sand, particularly towards the south.

The coast of Puglia is flat, as is most of the Adriatic coast of Italy, although it is dominated by terraced hills behind. The majestic delta of the Po River, extending from Rimini to Monfalcone, is riddled with the lagoons most famously around Venice. The Carso, the limestone coastal region between Trieste and Istria, is rocky. The Islands Italy is surrounded by sea on three sides. To the north west is the Ligurian sea, to the west and south west the Tyrrhenian sea, to the south and south east is the Ionian sea and to the east is the Adriatic sea. The two largest islands in the Mediterranean, Sicily and Sardinia, are both a part of Italy. There are many other island groups too: Tuscany Villa Holiday>Walking>Climbing>Lunigiana>Appennines>Hills>Mountains>Via Ferrata>Apennines Tuscany Villa Holiday> In Lunigiana > Walking & Climbing > The Appennines This mountain range forms the backbone of Italy and extends for 1400 km (870 miles) from the French border to the southern tip of Italy and across to Sicily.

It is largely comprised of sedimentary sandstone layers, deposited in a long-lost sea some 250 million years ago. The mountain range was created between 66 and 2 million years ago, somewhat later than the Alps, but resulting from the same collision of the African and European tectonic plates. The local regions of Lunigiana and Garfagnana boast a number of appennine mountains around 2000 m. The range is characterised by gorges and lakes and is similar in feel and appearance to the eastern Alps, but with considerable variations in character between individual peaks. Monte Prado, the highest of the local peaks rises to its summit (2054m) via gentle slopes clothed in blueberry bushes, whereas Crinale dei Laghi, at only 1800m, has a sharp knife edge summit and a variety of vertiginous rocky cliffs. Click on Photos-Albums-Slideshows to see a slideshow of photos taken whilst walking in the Appennines. The mountain range is comprehensively served by refuges, footpaths, tracks and climbs which are well maintained by the Italian Alpine Club (CAI).

There is also a variety of via ferratas, many of which can be incorporated as optional extras into challenging day walks. These features are all well documented on a variety of maps at both 1:50,000 and 1:25,000. There are also a number of long distance paths, most famously the Grande Escursione Appennica which travels the whole length of the Appennine range. A history involving centuries of deforestation has been reversed in recent times by a huge investment in tree replanting and in 1995 a new national park was formed to manage the northern region of the Appennines, the Parco Nazionale Dell Appennino Tosco Emiliano. During the latter years of World War 2 the region was at the centre of German fortifications to prevent the Allies moving northwards, known as the Gothic Line. Some of these fortifications are still visible today, and numerous war cemeteries and memorials serve as reminders of the human cost. Much of this history, along with an explanation of modern initiatives to develop and protect the environment is available from the National Park visitor centres whose details are provided on its web site . There is also a new web site still under development.

Further useful information, including details of appennine flora and fauna can be obtained from a web site devoted to Garfagnana & The Sercchio Valley . Italy - Five Themes of Geography Five Themes of Geography Sitemap Italy Location: Italy is 41.9000° N, 12.4822° E. It is mostly surrounded by water, located by the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Place: Physical Characteristics- Italy's climate is predominantly Mediterranean. Northern Italy is cold, and southern Italy is hot and dry. Italy has a wide variety of land forms from rivers to volcanoes. The Alps the Apennines are two mountain ranges that form an arched shape barrier, perhaps protecting Italy from any foreign threats due north. The Apennines Mountain Range is the literal backbone of Italy, located in the northwestern part of the country. Mount Vesuvius and Mount Etna are two well known volcanoes in Italy. Mont Blanc, otherwise known as Monte Bianco, is about 5,781 feet above see level, making it the highest Italian mountain summit in Italy.

Italy is also home to two popular volcanoes: Naples's dormant Mount Vesuvius (4,202 ft) and Sicily's Mount Etna (10,912 ft) which is still very active today. Italy is a land of lakes. Its largest lake, Garda, covers 370 square km. The countries northern lakes include Como, Iseo, and Maggiore. In central Italy lie lakes Bolsena, Bracciano, and Trasimeno.These freshwater lakes are quite stunning, thus attracting much tourism for their beauty. The Padan Plain, located between the Alps and the Apennines, offers an abundance of fertile soil, thus acting as a significant contributor to Italy's agriculture. The Padan Plain is drained the Po, the longest river in Itlay, stretching 652 km. The Po and its tributaries (Reno, Adige, Piave, and Tagliamento), leave alluvial deposits on the Padan Plain, allowing for extremely fertile crops in the lower plain. Human Characteristics- Religious influence permeates the avenues and alleys of Rome.

A typical Roman resident encounters a steady stream of art and architecture influenced by religious themes, both old and new, by merely casting their eyes up and down the street. The Holy See, the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, is a country within a city. It attracts pilgrims and tourists from all over the world. Residents, many of whom are Catholic, learn to cope with this constant attention that ebbs and flows with the Roman Catholic calendar. The Catholic Church has been a driving force behind much of the art and architecture in Rome. It has either influenced it, or it owns it.it. The church has been in favor of the visual representation of the divine in paintings and sculpture, as well as the construction of elaborate churches. During the Renaissance, the Church sponsored individual artists: Raphael, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Angelico, Tintoretto, Bernini, Caravaggio, and Titian. Many of their works remain in Rome today. The Vatican City is home to St. Peter's Basilica, the Apostolic Palace, and the Sistine Chapel. All are essential stops for either tourists or religious pilgrims.

The Roman Catholic Church is not the only religious influence in Rome; the ancient Romans practiced a polytheistic religion that is exemplified by the Pantheon - an amazing domed structure originally built in 27-25 BC by Marcus Agrippa to honor the Roman gods. However, in 609 AD, the Catholic Church re-purposed this building, consecrating it as a Christian Church. As a world Heritage Site, this unique structure has no entrance fee and attracts a staggering number of visitors each year. Some people say this is the third most visited monument in Rome after the Colosseum and Vatican museums. Imagine the impact this has on a local resident who lives right next door! With over 900 churches in Rome, one might think that its residents are a church-going people. However, for the vast majority, this is not the case. Despite this, the influence of the church is very strong. Children are often named for saints and celebrate their saint's day. The respect of the hierarchy of the Catholic church is reflected in many Italian relationships - within families and in social interactions.

Catholic culture is most apparent during the major religious celebrations such as Christmas, Lent, Easter, and the Jubilee of 2000. During the Christmas season, many Catholic churches present embellished nativity scenes in addition to live music for all to enjoy. The Vatican hold the traditional midnight mass that draws thousands of locals. Many Roman citizens are also involved in the annual Procession of the Cross during the Lenten season, or the outdoor mass in St. Peter's Square that occurs on Easter Sunday morning. The Great Jubilee of 2000 was another event that impacted the locals due to extensive church renovations and the construction of an enormous underground garage that was delayed due to the discovery of ancient mosaics. Human-Environment Interaction: Humans depend on the environment- Italy depends on the Padan Plain for much of its agricultural produce. Its fertile soil allows Italy to grow several of its crops such as corn and tomatoes. Humans modify the environment- Venice is an excellent example of humans modifying the environment. Venice is a cluster of man made islands, thus Venice is like a floating city, not making it entirely stable.

There are several problems Venice faces, including the fact that it is sinking about 2 mm every year, and would eventually be underwater if nothing were to be done. There is currently project underway, often referred to as the Moses Project, which is putting its efforts into finding a way to prevent the city from sinking. Humans adapt to the environment- Italy is relatively hot and humid in the summertime. It is common to find residents walking around with a parasol to protect themselves from the sun and the heat. In addition, much of Italy's water is unsuitable for consumption, thus almost all of their drinking water comes from bottled water. Movement: Depending on the location, there are several ways to get around in Italy, from subways, to gondolas, to cars. Cities such as Rome, Naples, and Milan offer a underground public transport. Above ground, personal cars and motorcycles are very popular. Given the geographical location of Italy, with three of its sides surrounded by water, it is no surprise that boats are a well known way of transportation, whether it is a ferry or a fisherman's boat. In Venice, one of its several tourist attractions is the gondola, which is steered by man in a striped shirt.

Italy has had many cultural influences that have made a difference in the world, especially pertaining to its food. Among classic Italian food such as cannolis or pasta, there are several variations of these Italian dishes all over the world. Region: Italy, Spain, and Portugal - Wine with Dr. Strick at University Of South Carolina - Columbia - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. Italy, Spain, and Portugal Which grape is used on the wines of Barolo and Barbaresco? Nebbiolo What is the mountain range that forms the "backbone" of Italy? The Apennines What is a popular sparkling wine made in Spain? Cava What is the largest wine producing region in Italy? Veneto What type of wine is Soave? Dry White What two grapes are considered the leading red varieties of Italy? Nebbiolo and Sangiovese Which country has the largest area under vine of any country? Spain What is a fortified wine made in Portugal? Maderia When was Italy's DOC system of wine regulation introduced? 1963 What are the three subregions of Rioja? Rioja Alavesa.

Rioja Baja, Rioja Alta Which wine is partially made with dried grapes? Amarone What type of wine is Brachetto d'Acqui? Sweet sparkling red What is the leading grape variety of the Portuguese wine region known as "Vinho Verde" Alvarinho What is the main grape variety in Chianti? Sangiovese What is the dominant grape variety of Rioja? Tempranillo * The material on this site is created by StudyBlue users. StudyBlue is not affiliated with, sponsored by or endorsed by the academic institution or instructor. Words From Our Students "StudyBlue is great for studying. I love the study guides, flashcards and quizzes. So extremely helpful for all of my classes!" Alice , Arizona State University "I'm a student using StudyBlue, and I can 100% say that it helps me so much. Study materials for almost every subject in school are available in StudyBlue. It is so helpful for my education!" Tim , University of Florida "StudyBlue provides way more features than other studying apps, and thus allows me to learn very quickly!??I actually feel much more comfortable taking my exams after I study with this app.

It's amazing!" Jennifer , Rutgers University "I love flashcards but carrying around physical flashcards is cumbersome and simply outdated. StudyBlue is exactly what I was looking for!" Justin , LSU trekMountains: treks in Italy | trekMountains Italy Trekking in Italy “The most beautiful mountains in the world.” That is how Reinhold Messner describes the Dolomites, and here at trekMountains we agree with him. Picture yourself walking in Italy’s warm summer mountain temperatures, blue skies, sunshine, looking for edelweiss, watching ibex, chamois and marmot and enjoying a well-earned drink of Italian wine on the balcony of a quality mountain rifugio high in the mountains away from every day life while watching the sun turn the Dolomite mountains their famous pink colour. Those are the reasons why we love hiking the mountains of Italy – why would you choose anywhere else for your next walking holiday? Our trekking holidays in Italy are based in 2 areas: the Dolomites which are most easily accessed via the culturally-unique Venice, and the Appenines which are the mountains that make up the backbone of Italy, and which could be easily combined with a trip to Rome.

There’s truly something for everyone here – from family-friendly walking holidays with donkeys to exploring the history of WW1 in the Dolomites in the iconic Tre Cime area. Our treks can be done either as guided or self-guided walking holidays. Hiking in the Dolomites Italy’s Dolomites were described by UNESCO as “widely regarded as being among the most attractive mountain landscapes in the world”. In 2009, the Dolomites were added to the World Heritage List for their outstanding universal value. In our opinion, the spectacular Dolomite mountain scenery, the incredible diversity of flora and the excellent network of mountain rifugi combine to make the mountain trekking in the Dolomites some of the best hiking anywhere in the world. If you’re not sure where to start looking for your next walking holiday, we would recommend that you look at the Alta Via 1 – the Dolomite’s flagship high level route. Our flexible itinerary makes it easy for us to fit some of Italy’s best hiking into whatever length of holiday you have.

Watch our video about Trekking in the Italian Dolomites: Hiking in the Appenines The Appenines are the mountain range that create the backbone of Italy, running from north to south down the length of the country. Easily accessible from Rome, our trips in the Sibillini National Park in the Appenine mountain range are relatively quiet, and offer superb trekking and family holidays. Click on the links below to find out more details about our Italian walking holidays. Geography of Italy - the Alps, Apennine, the two seas Geographic map Italy Country of oppositions A look at the map of Italy immediately shows that the country is characterised by two big mountain ranges: the Alps in the north and the Apennine mountains along most parts of the peninsula. Surrounded by four seas on three sides, the land is mostly hilly with only few plain sections. High mountain panoramas, scenic hills and miles of sandy beaches are all part of the topographic variety of Italy. Mt Etna Idyllic mountain world of Italy Despite many beaches, islands and the reputation of being a bathing paradise in the Mediterranean Sea, mountains and hills characterise the map of Italy.

Two big mountain ranges define the country: the powerful mountain massif of the Alps in the north and the Apennine mountain range extending over two thirds of the peninsula. Both mountain ranges are the result of the African and European tectonic plates having been dominating the Italian countryside for 2 million years. In the north, Italy shares some of the highest mountains of the Alps with its neighbouring countries France and Switzerland. The Aosta Valley is one of the country's mountainous highlights including the impressive Mont Blanc (4,897 m), Monte Rosa (4,633 m) and Matterhorn (4,478 m). The Dolomite Mountains in the northeast of Italy are at least as impressive being a tourist magnet for sportive guests and nature aficionados in both winter and summer. The Apennine Mountains, however, run in curves for more than 1,350 kilometres from Genoa to Calabria hrough nearly two thirds of the country. Because of their shape and length, they are also often called the backbone of Italy. The highest elevation of the Apennine Mountains is the Corno Crande (2,913 m) in the Abruzzi.

Map of Italy: peninsula and bathing paradise The map of Italy looks like a boot. Four different seas surround the peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea from three sides: The Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea in the south, and the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west. Italy shows great scenic diversity ranging from flat sandy beaches on Sardinia to the breathtaking rock cliffs round Amalfi. Italy is surrounded by an 8,000 kilometres long coast crowded with millions of beach tourists look for a well-needed timeout from the daily hustle and busty every year.

Question: Which mountain range forms the backbone of Italy?
Answer: Apennines