Chinook - definition of chinook by The Free Dictionary Chinook - definition of chinook by The Free Dictionary n. pl. Chinook or Chi·nooks 1. a. A member of a Native American people formerly inhabiting the lower Columbia River valley and adjoining coastal regions of Washington and Oregon, now located in western Washington. The Chinook traded widely throughout the Pacific Northwest. b. The Chinookan language of the Chinook. 2. A member of any of several Chinookan-speaking peoples formerly inhabiting the Columbia River valley eastward to The Dalles and now located in southern Washington and northern Oregon. [Chehalis (Salishan language of western Washington) c'inúk.] chi·nook (shĭ-no͝ok′, chĭ-) n. 1. A moist warm wind blowing from the sea in coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest. 2. A warm dry wind that descends from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, causing a rapid rise in temperature. 3. A Chinook salmon. (tʃɪˈnuːk; -ˈnʊk) n 1.

(Physical Geography) Also called: snow eater a warm dry southwesterly wind blowing down the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains 2. (Physical Geography) Also called: wet chinook a warm moist wind blowing onto the Washington and Oregon coasts from the sea [C19: from Salish c'inuk] npl -nook or -nooks 1. (Peoples) a Native American people of the Pacific coast near the Columbia River 2. (Languages) the language of this people, probably forming a separate branch of the Penutian phylum Chi•nook n., pl. -nooks, (esp. collectively) -nook. 1. a. a member of an American Indian people aboriginally inhabiting the N shore of the mouth of the Columbia River. b. a member of any of a group of peoples including the Chinook of the Columbia River mouth and related peoples to the S and W. c. either of two languages spoken by these peoples, one, now extinct, spoken on both sides of the Columbia estuary (Lower Chinook) and the other spoken W of the estuary ( Upper Chinook ). 2.

(l.c.) a warm, dry wind that blows at intervals down the E slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Chi•nook′an, adj. chinook wind , snow eater air current , current of air , wind - air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; "trees bent under the fierce winds"; "when there is no wind, row"; "the radioactivity was being swept upwards by the air current and out into the atmosphere" 2. Chinook - a member of an important North American Indian people who controlled the mouth of the Columbia river; they were organized into settlements rather than tribes Penutian - a member of a North American Indian people speaking one of the Penutian languages 3. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha , quinnat salmon , chinook salmon , king salmon , chinook - large Pacific salmon valued as food; adults die after spawning salmon - flesh of any of various marine or freshwater fish of the family Salmonidae 4. Penutian - a family of Amerindian language spoken in the great interior valley of California 5.

salmon - any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn genus Oncorhynchus , Oncorhynchus - Pacific salmon including sockeye salmon; chinook salmon; chum salmon; coho salmon Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: family Salmonidae References in classic literature ? Immediately within this cape is a wide, open bay, terminating at Chinook Point, so called from a neighboring tribe of Indians. The natives inhabiting the lower part of the river, and with whom the company was likely to have the most frequent intercourse, were divided at this time into four tribes, the Chinooks, Clatsops, Wahkiacums, and Cathlamahs. After a day thus profitably spent, they recrossed the river, but landed on the northern shore several miles above the anchoring ground of the Tonquin, in the neighborhood of Chinooks, and visited the village of that tribe.

A singular custom prevails, not merely among the Chinooks, but among most of the tribes about this part of the coast, which is the flattening of the forehead. With this worthy tribe of Chinooks the two partners passed a part of the day very agreeably. When the weather had moderated and the sea became tranquil, the one-eyed chief of the Chinooks manned his state canoe, and conducted his guests in safety to the ship, where they were welcomed with joy, for apprehensions had been felt for their safety. Wind Names Evert Wesker, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ) Brisa, Briza 1. A northeast wind which blows on the coast of South America or an east wind which blows on Puerto Rico during the trade wind season. 2. The northeast monsoon in the Philippines. Brisote The northeast trade wind when it is blowing stronger than usual on Cuba. Brubu A name for a squall in the East Indies. Bull's Eye Squall A squall forming in fair weather, characteristic of the ocean off the coast of South Africa. It is named for the peculiar appearance of the small isolated cloud marking the top of the invisible vortex of the storm. Cape Doctor The strong southeast wind which blows on the South African coast.

Also called the DOCTOR. Caver, Kaver A gentle breeze in the Hebrides. Chinook A type of foehn wind. Refers to the warm downslope wind in the Rocky Mountains that may occur after an intense cold spell when the temperature could rise by 20 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit in a matter of minutes. Also known as the Snow Eater. (Weather Channel Glossary) Chubasco A violent squall with thunder and lightning, encountered during the rainy season along the west coast of Central America. Churada A severe rain squall in the Mariana Islands during the northeast monsoon. They occur from November to April or May, especially from January through March. Cierzo See MISTRAL. Contrastes Winds a short distance apart blowing from opposite quadrants, frequent in the spring and fall in the western Mediterranean. Cordonazo The "Lash of St. Francis." Name applied locally to southerly hurricane winds along the west coast of Mexico. It is associated with tropical cyclones in the southeastern North Pacific Ocean. These storms may occur from May to November, but ordinarily affect the coastal areas most severely near or after the Feast of St. Francis, October 4.

Coromell A night land breeze prevailing from November to May at La Paz, near the southern extremity of the Gulf of California. Cyclone A severe tropical storm (i.e., winds >64 knots) in the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. See also Hurricane and Typhoon. The term is also applied to closed circulations in the mid latitudes and also popularly to small scale circulations such as tornadoes. Diablo Northern California version of Santa Ana winds. These winds occur below canyons in the East Bay hills (Diablo range) and in extreme cases can exceed 60 mph. They develop due to high pressure over Nevada and lower pressure along the central California coast. (NWS San Francisco Glossary) Doctor 1. A cooling sea breeze in the Tropics. 2. See HARMATTAN. 3. The strong SE wind which blows on the south African coast. Usually called CAPE DOCTOR. Elephanta A strong southerly or southeasterly wind which blows on the Malabar coast of India during the months of September and October and marks the end of the southwest monsoon. Etesian A refreshing northerly summer wind of the Mediterranean, especially over the Aegean Sea.

Euros The Greek name for the rainy, stormy southeast wind. (Glossary of Meteorology) Foehn A warm dry wind on the lee side of a mountain range, whose temperature is increased as the wind descends down the slope. It is created when air flows downhill from a high elevation, raising the temperature by adiabatic compression. Examples include the Chinook wind and the Santa Ana wind. Classified as a katabatic wind. (Weather Channel Glossary) Fremantle Doctor A cooling seabreeze in Western Australia,often made note of during hot summer-time cricket matches. (Ian Staples, Australia) Gregale A strong northeast wind of the central Mediterranean. Haboob A strong wind and sandstorm (or duststorm) in the northern and central Sudan, especially around Khartum, where the average number is about 24 per year. The name come from the Arabic word, "habb", meaning wind. (Bill Mork, California State Climatologist) Harmattan The dry, dusty trade wind blowing off the Sahara Desert across the Gulf of Guinea and the Cape Verde Islands. Sometimes called the DOCTOR, because of its supposed healthful properties.

Hurricane A severe tropical storm (i.e., winds >64 knots) in the Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and Eastern Pacific. The word is believed to originate from the Caribbean Indian storm god "Huracan". See also Typhoon and Cyclone. Knik Wind A strong southeast wind in the vicinity of Palmer, Alaska, most frequent in the winter. Kona Storm A storm over the Hawaiian Islands, characterized by strong southerly or southwesterly winds and heavy rains. Leste A hot, dry, easterly wind of the Madeira and Canary Islands. Levanter A strong easterly wind of the Mediterranean, especially in the Strait of Gibraltar, attended by cloudy, foggy, and sometimes rainy weather especially in winter. Levantera A persistent east wind of the Adriatic, usually accompanied by cloudy weather. Levanto A hot southeasterly wind which blows over the Canary Islands. Leveche A warm wind in Spain, either a foehn or a hot southerly wind in advance of a low pressure area moving from the Sahara Desert. Called a SIROCCO in other parts of the Mediterranean area.

Maestro A northwesterly wind with fine weather which blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic. It is most frequent on the western shore. This wind is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Maria A fictional wind popularized in "Paint Your Wagon" (Lerner and Lowe, 1951) and by the Kingston Trio (1959), whose name may have originated with the 1941 book "Storm" by George R. Stewart. (Jan Null, Golden Gate Weather Services) Matanuska Wind A strong, gusty, northeast wind which occasionally occurs during the winter in the vicinity of Palmer, Alaska. Mistral A cold, dry wind blowing from the north over the northwest coast of the Mediterranean Sea, particularly over the Gulf of Lions. Also called CIERZO. See also FALL WIND. Nashi, N'aschi A northeast wind which occurs in winter on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf, especially near the entrance to the gulf, and also on the Makran coast. It is probably associated with an outflow from the central Asiatic anticyclone which extends over the high land of Iran.

It is similar in character but less severe than the BORA. Norte A strong cold northeasterly wind which blows in Mexico and on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. It results from an outbreak of cold air from the north. It is the Mexican extension of a norther. Nor'easter A northeast wind, particularly a strong wind or gale; an unusually strong storm preceded by northeast winds off the coast of New England. Also called Northeaster. (Glossary of Weather and Climate) Nor'wester This is a very warm wind which can blow for days on end in the province of Canterbury New Zealand. The effect is especially felt in the city of Christchurch. The wind comes in from the Tasman Sea, drys as it rises over the Southern Alps, heats as it decends, crosses the Canterbury Plains, then blows through Christchurch.. (Kerry Fitzpatrick) Norther A cold strong northerly wind in the Southern Plains of the United States, especially in Texas, which results in a drastic drop in air temperatures. Also called a Blue Norther. (Glossary of Weather and Climate) Ostria A warm southerly wind on the Bulgarian coast; considered a precursor of bad weather.

(Glossary of Meteorology) Pali A local name for strong winds which blow through the Pali Pass above Honolulu, HI. (Michael Polansky, San Francisco) Pampero A west or southwest wind in Southern Argentina. This wind (often violently) picks up during the passage of a cold front of an active low passing by. ( Evert Wesker, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ) Papagayo A violent northeasterly fall wind on the Pacific coast of Nicaragua and Guatemala. It consists of the cold air mass of a norte which has overridden the mountains of Central America. See also TEHUANTEPECER. Santa Ana A strong, hot, dry wind blowing out into San Pedro Channel from the southern California desert through Santa Ana Pass. Shamal A summer northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf, often strong during the day, but decreasing at night. Sharki A southeasterly wind which sometimes blows in the Persian Gulf. Sirocco A warm wind of the Mediterranean area, either a foehn or a hot southerly wind in advance of a low pressure area moving from the Sahara or Arabian deserts. Called LEVECHE in Spain.

Squamish A strong and often violent wind occurring in many of the fjords of British Columbia. Squamishes occur in those fjords oriented in a northeast-southwest or east-west direction where cold polar air can be funneled westward. They are notable in Jervis, Toba, and Bute inlets and in Dean Channel and Portland Canal. Squamishes lose their strength when free of the confining fjords and are not noticeable 15 to 20 miles offshore. Suestado A storm with southeast gales, caused by intense cyclonic activity off the coasts of Argentina and Uruguay, which affects the southern part of the coast of Brazil in the winter. Sumatra A squall with violent thunder, lightning, and rain, which blows at night in the Malacca Straits, especially during the southwest monsoon. It is intensified by strong mountain breezes. Sundowner Warm downslope winds that periodically occur along a short segment of the Southern California coast in the vicinity of Santa Barbara. The name refers to their typical onset (on the populated coastal plain) in the late afternoon or early evening, though they can occur at any time of the day.

In extreme cases, wind speeds can be of gale force or higher, and temperatures over the coastal plain and even at the coast itself can rise significantly above 37.8 degrees C (100 degrees F). (Warren Blier, SOO, NWS San Francisco) Taku Wind A strong, gusty, east-northeast wind, occurring in the vicinity of Juneau, Alaska, between October and March. At the mouth of the Taku River, after which it is named, it sometimes attains hurricane force. Tehuantepecer A violent squally wind from north or north-northeast in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (south of southern Mexico) in winter. It originates in the Gulf of Mexico as a norther which crosses the isthmus and blows through the gap between the Mexican and Guatamalan mountains. It may be felt up to 100 miles out to sea. See also PAPAGAYO. Tramontana A northeasterly or northerly winter wind off the west coast of Italy. It is a fresh wind of the fine weather mistral type.

Typhoon A severe tropical storm (i.e., winds >64 knots) in the Western Pacific. The word is believed to originate from the Chinese word "ty-fung". See also Hurricane and Cyclone. Vardar A cold fall wind blowing from the northwest down the Vardar valley in Greece to the Gulf of Salonica. It occurs when atmospheric pressure over eastern Europe is higher than over the Aegean Sea, as is often the case in winter. Also called VARDARAC. Warm Braw A foehn wind in the Schouten Islands north of New Guinea. White Squall A sudden, strong gust of wind coming up without warning, noted by whitecaps or white, broken water; usually seen in whirlwind form in clear weather in the tropics. Williwaw A sudden blast of wind descending from a mountainous coast to the sea, in the Strait of Magellan or the Aleutian Islands. Willy-willy A tropical cyclone (with winds 33 knots or greater) in Australia, especially in the southwest. (Glossary of Weather and Climate) More recent common usage is for dust-devils. Zephyros The ancient Greek name for the west wind, which generally light and beneficial.

It has evolved into "zephyr" which denotes a soft gentle breeze. (Glossary of Meteorology) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Glossary of Meteorology (Ralph Huschke, ed., American Meteorological Society, 1959) Glossary of Weather and Climate (Ira Geer, ed., American Meteorological Society, 1996) Winds of the world Weatherwise by Jan Null Abstract: The lexicon of wind has a proud history of colorful names, words that tap the deep connection humanity has with weather. Some places are named for winds, and some winds are named for places. The cold air that flows down the Columbia River is sometimes called the gorge wind, after the deep-cut geological grandeur of northern Oregon. The gorge wind isn't just any valley wind, however. Sometimes it howls toward the Pacific Ocean at 80 mph, bringing memorable ice and snowstorms to the Portland area. No wonder, then, that residents of the region felt compelled to give this important and regular atmospheric visitor a more distinctive name. They held a "Name Our East Wind" contest that drew 7,000 entries. The winner: the Coho.

Coho isn't only a colorful word explains Oregon State climatologist George Taylor, "It's an indigenous name to the Pacific Northwest; Coho salmon are wild, fast swimmers analogous to the wind." It doesn't hurt that a salmon cousin, Chinook, is indirectly immortalized as the warm dry wind that descends the front-range slopes of the Rocky Mountains, bringing a breath of spring in midwinter. You don't have to use ordinary words when you're shooting the breeze about the weather. The lexicon of wind has a proud history of colorful names, words that tap the deep connection humanity has with weather. Whether a contest victor, like Coho, or an ancient inheritance, like typhoon (descended from the Chinese for "big wind", the great winds of the world have names with significant meaning, even cultural significance. In an age of global commerce, for instance, it is no wonder that the persistent easterlies of the tropics are called the "trades." These winds brought European sailors across the oceans to find gold in the Americas, and they brought them home laden with riches from the Far East. The business world has christened other winds, as well.

After rounding the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch captains found it was faster to get to the Spice Islands (today's Indonesia) by first riding the gales between 40S and 50 deg S latitudes to Australia, then turning north. They dubbed these commercially convenient latitudes the Roaring Forties and the windier regions further south the Furious Fifties and the Screaming Sixties. The Screaming Sixties are most pronounced where they are funneled through Drake Passage between Cape Horn (the tip of South America) and the Antarctic Peninsula. This treacherous route from the Pacific to the Atlantic has some of the strongest and most persistent winds in the world. In a world where time is money, traders of the I6th and 17th centuries invented their most colorful terms for the frustrating regions of calm. Between the trades and the westerlies that offered speedy return were the "horse latitudes" in which no steady wind blew, under the influence of semi-permanent high pressure. Sailors dumped overboard the horses that died in the scorching heat as food supplies dwindled.

And between the trades of each hemisphere, nothing seemed to move at all, so sailors called them the "doldrums." Pride of Place If some places are named for their winds, so too the winds are frequently named far places. When a low enters the Mediterranean through the Straits of Gibraltar, a hot youth wind may blow across he water into Spain. Here it is called the leveche, a name derived from art ancient term for Libya, source of the withering air. The wind rushing out of the New Zealand Alps across the Canterbury Plan is called the Canterbury northwester. Many of the winds that blow down mountain slopes in California are also named for their locale. A hot, dry easterly wind in the Los Angeles basin is called a Santa Ana. When funneled through passes of the coastal mountains--most notably the Santa Ana. Canyon--the air can accelerate to speeds in excess of 60 m.p.h. Most frequent between October and February, after the dry California summer, strong Santa Areas often fan the flames of dangerous wildfires. They blow when high pressure builds over the Great Basin (the high plateau east of the Sierra Nevada). The San Francisco Bay area has its own scorcher-the Diablo.

These northeast winds tend to blow through the Diablo Range, which runs north-south on the east side of the bay. Diablo winds fueled the Oakland hills firestorm in October 1991. It is no accident, then, that these hot, dry winds are Spanish for "devil," which is just as well, since San Franciscans have long considered themselves edgier than their southern rivals. Too Much Streamlining Unfortunately, local color-the pride in a region's special wind-is frequently lost in science. Meteorologists know they can lump these hot downslope winds into one category, called "adiabatic" winds. The local Alpine version of the phenomenon is the foehn, a word taken from the Greek for "fire." At one time, the foehn of the Alps was the most-studied wind in the world, so meteorologists sometimes call every downslope wind that breathes fire a "foehn-type" wind. Of course, streamlining winds into general categories is smart, scientifically. Meteorologists have shown that similar atmospheric mechanisms can explain downslope winds everywhere. In the warm adiabatic winds, the air descends and warms from compression (the term "adiabatic" implies such temperature changes).

As the foehn blows from higher to lower elevations of Austria and Germany, it warms by adiabatic compression at a rate of 5F per thousand feet. Often such air has lost a great deal of moisture to precipitation on its earlier upslope journey, so relative humidities can drop into the single digits as the air descends and warms again. Cold downslope winds are another category, called "katabatic," or fall winds. Katabatic winds are cold and dense sir pulled downhill by gravity. This is how science characterizes the Coho wind. The most frequent fall winds occur as cold, heavy air spills off the plateaus of Greenland and Antarctica toward the coasts. Cape Denison on the Antarctic coast has the greatest average wind speeds on Earth, primarily because these fall winds average 50 m.p.h. Californians refer to their great katabatic wind as the Mono wind. It originates from the cold air over the Great Basin, particularly in Mono County, that spills out of high mountain valleys at over 9,000 feet and streams down the canyons on the west slopes of the rugged Sierra Nevada.

Mono winds have knocked down 100-foot trees and have been clocked at 100 m.p.h. in Yosemite Valley. In deference to the power of these winds, the people of the Rhone Valley in Europe refer to the cold katabatic intruder from the Alps as the mistral, which derives from a word meaning "master." During the mistral, orchards in the otherwise balmy Gulf of Lyon region of France must be protected from the chill as well as the wind. Yet another colorful group of winds homogenized into a uniform category by science are the seasonal winds that usually fringe the tropics-the monsoon. Derived from the Arabic word "mausim," which simply means "season," these winds generate seasonal rainfall patterns, most notably in southern and eastern Asia. "Monsoon" is a fine term, but you'll also hear people refer to the summertime winds that feed moisture from Mexico into the Desert Southwest as the Arizona monsoon. To the knowledgeable, the word "monsoon" explains how the heat-driven low pressure inland draws vaporous, oceanic fuel for stormy weather to an otherwise relatively dry land. Here's a case where terminology is scientifically instructive yet at odds with a colorful local culture.

This conflict between knowledge and culture needn't occur in our weather lingo-it is possible for wind names to satisfy both camps. For proof, we turn to the harmonious civilization of ancient Athens. The Greatness That Was Greece "Zephyros, the west wind, is the most gentle of all the winds and it blows in the afternoon and towards the land, and is cold," wrote Theophrastus, a 4th-century B.C. scholar who left us with a complete accounting of the winds of Greece. Today any soft, gentle breeze is a zephyr. But to the ancients, Zephyros was part of a larger pantheon that controlled the weather. The Greeks not only put a name to the wind but a face as well. A Greek who uttered the name "Zephyros" spoke of a god, released by Acolus, king of the winds, at the command of the supreme gods on Mount Olympus. Each wind-god represented a different point on the compass, such as Notos, god of the south.

Today's bora, which spills southwest from the plateau of western Russia and onto the Adriatic Coast, reaching 100 m.p.h., honors Boreas, the Greek god of northerly wind. Wind gods were more than mere mythology. They evoked cutting-edge science in ancient Greece, because Acolus kept his winds in a cave on a rocky isle. In this way, mythology was in harmony with the speculations of Theophrastus's great teacher, Aristotle. This great natural philosopher, who wrote the first comprehensive meteorological cal theory, claimed that winds were exhalations of a dry, vaporous element released from holes and cracks in the Earth. Thus the ancient wind gods evoked the known causes of winds and informed the vocabulary that Greeks used every day to discuss weather. J Today, the octagonal Tower of the Winds is a surviving monument to Theophrastus"s pantheon of airs. Each wall of the structure is topped by a frieze whose face depicts the corresponding wind from that direction. Yet this 2,000-year-old structure is no more relevant to our weather language today than it is relevant to out forecasting techniques.

Weather is too much a part of modern life to remain linguistically in the hands of gods long ago dethroned. We need our own Tower of Winds, and fortunately, there are many names that honor both ancient inspiration and modern sensibility. The Modern Pantheon We now live in a utilitarian world; we value the wind for what it does, not who it is. Many of the great wind names of today honor this principle. Hence, we have the doctor of West Africa, an onshore wind that once brought relief to desperately hot and sick colonial officials. And one of west winds of Arab lands is named laawan, "the helper," because it assists farmers in winnowing grain for threshing. When a wind brings unpleasantness, locals let you know; the bricklayer of New South Wales, Australia, is so named because it buries everything in dust carried from the interior of the continent. The barber of North America carries so much freezing rain that it will male any decent beard intolerably heavy. In the same vein are such descriptive winds as the melteme ("bad-tempered one") of Turkey and the simoom ("poisoner") of Egypt.

Perhaps cruelest of all are the evil twins of Spain, the descuernacabras ("wind that de-horns goats") and its most violent form, the matacabras ("wind that kills goats"). Less macabre or judgmental, but no less descriptive, are the Sharav of Israel, which literally brings the "heat of the land" as the ancient Hebrew word implies, and the haizebeltza, or "black wind" of the Basque> which bears dark clouds off the north slopes of the western Pyrenees. The blue norther of Texas is a similarly ominous sign of changing weather. And the wished of Germany's Rhine Valley is obviously a much gentler wind. You can see that wind names like blue norther or wisper actually serve as a kind of forecast. The venerable Chinook, from the Blackfoot Indian term meaning "snow eater," is such a wind. This foehn-type blow can melt a foot of snow on the plains east of the Rockies in a few hours. On January 22, 1943, a Chinook raised the temperature in Spearfish, South Dakota, from -4 deg F at 7:30 a.m.

to 47 deg F just two minutes later! (Within 27 minutes, the Chinook had abated and the mercury dropped back to 4 deg F.) A Chinook can exceed 100 m.p.h. Other wind names forecast the timing of new conditions. The bad-i-sad-o-bist-roz of Iran means "wind of 120 days." The Egyptian khamsin means "Lasting 50 days." Along the west coast of Mexico, tropical storms are cordonazo, the "lash of St. Francis." This mostly refers to the strong southerly winds; in any case, they peak near the Feast of St. Francis in early October. A sundowner is a dry, warm California northerly along a 60-mile stretch of the coast near Santa Barbara. It often develops on schedule in the late afternoon or early evening, rapidly replacing cool, moist marine air with dry air that can reach 100̊ F. A sundowner can gust to over 90 mph as it's funneled through the coastal canyons of the Santa Ynez mountains. This combination has led to significant wildland fires.

One of the most useful forecasts is the word "cyclone." Coined by Henry Piddington, a British official in 19th century colonial India, the term derives from the Greek for circle, or more specifically, "coil of the snake." Piddington was trying to warn sailors that the storms in the Bay of Bengal were counterclockwise blows that would bring consistently changing winds. Hence, captains learned to deal with cyclones by sailing with the wind and then out of harm in the trailing quadrant. "Tornado" is derived not only from the Spanish verb tornare ("to turn") but also from the Spanish tronada ("thunderstorm"). Certainly if you see the former you'll see the latter. Of course, when things get as helter-skelter as a twisting storm, Australian terms like cock-eyed-Bobs or Willy-Willys will certainly warn anyone as well as any other word. (According to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, willy-willy, which once referred to tropical storms, is now meant only for dust-devils.) The Japanese term for fire vortices would also be a warning: No one would mess with tatsumaki ("dragon whirls").

Of course, the modern mind cannot rest with its weather lexicon. Science shows that no two storms or winds are exactly alike, despite the similarities. That's why it's hard to resist a name like "Maria." She probably first appeared in George Stewart's classic novel of 1941, in which the Junior Meteorologist names an incipient Pacific storm. In the 1950s. Maria (mar-rye-ah) also became the fictional wind of the Lerner and Loewe musical Paint Your Wagon and in a song by the Kingston Trio. In the intervening years, the World Meteorological Organization got in the act. Like the Junior Meteorologist, they began to name all the big tropical storms. At this rate, someday we'll be able to fill a whole book with the names of the wind. A new tower will never get off the ground, because we'll never be able to decide who to immortalize in marble: Maria or Andrew or Hugo, or, to be fair to those folks in Oregon, a leaping fish. What does Chinook mean?

Definitions for Chinookʃɪˈnʊk, -ˈnuk, tʃɪ- This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word Chinook Princeton's WordNet(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: chinook, chinook wind, snow eater(noun) a warm dry wind blowing down the eastern slopes of the Rockies Chinook(noun) a member of an important North American Indian people who controlled the mouth of the Columbia river; they were organized into settlements rather than tribes chinook salmon, chinook, king salmon(noun) pink or white flesh of large Pacific salmon Chinookan, Chinook(noun) a Penutian language spoken by the Chinook chinook, chinook salmon, king salmon, quinnat salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha(noun) large Pacific salmon valued as food; adults die after spawning Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Chinook(ProperNoun) A Native American language of the Penutian family of Oregon and Washington. chinook(Noun) The descending, warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains.

The chinook generally blows from the southwest, but its direction may be modified by topography. When it sets in after a spell of intense cold, the temperature may rise by 20u00B0F to 40u00B0F in 15 minutes due to replacement of a cold air mass with a much warmer air mass in minutes. chinook(Noun) The Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha), also called the king salmon, Quinnat salmon, spring salmon and Tyee salmon: the largest species in the Pacific salmon family. Webster Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Chinook(noun) one of a tribe of North American Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the custom of flattening their skulls.

Chinooks also called Flathead Indians Chinook(noun) a warm westerly wind from the country of the Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory Chinook(noun) a jargon of words from various languages (the largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks) generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern territories of the United States Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Chinook Chinook refers to several groups of Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, speaking the Chinookan languages. In the early 19th century, the Chinookan-speaking peoples lived along the lower and middle Columbia River in present-day Oregon and Washington. The Chinook tribes were those encountered by the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805 on the lower Columbia. Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Chinook chin-ōōk′, n. a trader's jargon, consisting of words from French and English, as well as Chinook and other Indian tongues.

The Nuttall Encyclopedia(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Chinook a tribe of Indians in Washington Territory, noted for flattening their skulls. Numerology The numerical value of Chinook in Chaldean Numerology is: 3 Pythagorean Numerology Foehn effect : Articles : SummitPost Foehn effect Activities: Hiking, Mountaineering, Trad Climbing, Ice Climbing, Aid Climbing, Mixed, Scrambling, Via Ferrata, Skiing Created/Edited: Nov 26, 2008 / Dec 24, 2008 Object ID: 466432 Page Score: 93.35% - 42 Votes Loading... The Foehn effect Foehn, or Föhn in German, refer to a warm southerly wind coming over the Alps. However, the word is nowadays used to describe similar meteorological effects on all mountains all over the world. For the anecdote, some time ago, the AEG german brand used "Fön" as a name for their electrical hairdriers.

Subsequently that brand name has replaced the generic word and is now used in german for all electrical hairdriers. Coming back to to topic, many mountaineers often use the expression "effect of Foehn" without really knowing its meaning. Let's try to understand how this phenomenon is working. We have a mass of humid air that arrives on a mountainside. Let's take an hermetic mountain range oriented from East to West; The Pyrenees make a perfect example. Most of the time, when the Foehn occurs, this mass of humid air comes from the Spanish side and the South. The Foehn effect This wind finds the mountain range on its way and is forced to follow its route, rising in order to avoid the obstacle and get to the other side. While rising along the mountain slopes, in contact with the ground and by the cooling effect (adiabatic expansion: the highest, the coldest), it gets colder. As cold air cannot contain the same quantity of humidity than warm air, some heavy rains occur on the humid mountainside (Spain in the example of the Pyrenees ) and these rains get stronger and stronger as the mass of air gains altitude.

One of the first consequences of it is a bad weather on this side. Then the air reach the top of the mountain range, where as we can expect, occur some strong rafals of wind (Venturi effect), and get down, still pushed by the coming masses, on the opposite side. This air is now dry and will compress as it will go lower and lower. While compressing, it gets warmer quicker than it got colder on the first mountainside during the ascent. Summarizing it, let's say that change of temperature of dry air is quicker than humid air, because of the difference of mass. When all the humidity has gone on this side of the mountain range; the air is warm and the weather is very nice. From the human eye point of view, the most current visible effect and most spectacular, is the barrier of clouds blocked on top of the ridge and suddenly vanishing, occasionally into a spectacular "waterfall of clouds". By an effect of "rebound", clouds reappear slowly much further from the range, while already over the plain.

As a conclusion, for our example about the Pyrenees , we can state that a Foehn effect often means a fresh wet wind on the meridional Spanish side, especially getting higher in altidude, and a much better weather once on the French side, until a certain distance. This can seem paradoxal, as Spain is renowned for its sunnier weather. However, the described effect is more likely to occur during winter. The snow cover is very vulnerable to the Foehn effect, the layers are destabilized, and terrible avalanches are to be feared. During the Autumn, on the other hand, this often mean a wonderful indian summer and a perfect hiking weather. Pyrenees Foehn In the Pyrenees , it also occurs in the opposite direction, when cold wind and weather come from the Northern Europe, or a Gulf Stream strongly influenced from the North-West to the South-East (France having a more oceanic weather than Spain). Then, the phenomenon can be observed on the opposite way, with a brilliant spanish weather, once we passed one of the many tunnels crossing from one country to the other. In such cases, Foehn weather is also feared by firemen to be a terrible fire starter, and propagator.

Aspr, the Foehn in the Cantal This phenomenon exists in many other ranges and countries: «Tramontane» in the East-End of the Pyrenees (West-East, along the hillsides of the southern Massif Central ), «Mistral» in Provence, «Balaguère» in Central Pyrenees (name nowadays more known for the famous travel agency ), «Haize Hegoa» in the Basque country, «Aspr» in the Massif Central ... In the alsace, it doesn't have a specific name but makes paradoxally northern Colmar, near the Vosges , France's driest city. «Halny» in the Northern Carpathians , «Jauk» en Carinthia, «Jug» in Slovenian (like "Jugoslavia", "Jug" meaning "south"), Jauk in Austria (from «Jug»); «Bura» in Croatian, «Bora» in Serbian (the "Bura" often occurs over the barrier of the Dinarics).

«Sonda» in the South-American Ands («Zonda» in Argentina), «Puelche» in Chili, «Chanduy » in Mexico, «Chinook» in the Rockies , «Diablo» around San Francisco, «Santa Ana» in California... «The Nor'wester» or «Canterbury Northwester» in Southern New Zealand ... We often make a connection between the wind of Foehn and some secondary effects, such as migrains, changes of behaviours, psychosa. Changes also in animals behaviours: dogs, cattle. A study carried out by the Munich university found that 10% more suicides were commited during Foehn weather. California's Santa Ana is also called "wind of the murder". And an old german saying, "Kriegt der Knecht vom Föhn einen Wahn, schlachtet er den Wetterhahn", means that a (« A barn valet hit by the Foehn will kill the Weathercock.») After all, French singer Brassens wasn't he also singing « Wind that goes through the mountain will turn me mad !

» A Glossary of American Mountain Men Terms, Words & Expressions A Glossary of American Mountain Men Terms, Words & Expressions Compiled by Walt Hayward & Brad McDade © 1997 The American Mountain Men A AIRLINE The shortest and straightest line between two points. This term was in use long before the invention of aircraft. APAREJO A large, padded packsaddle designed to handle awkward, heavy loads. Very likely the first type of packsaddle, Unlike the sawbuck, panniers cannot be handled with this saddle. APISHEMORE A saddle pad, often made of hair. APPALOS An early camp food made by skewering alternate pieces of lean meat and fat on a sharpened stick and roasting over a low fire. When it was possible to get them, pieces of potato or vegetable, were intermixed with the fat and the meat. This method of cooking was much used by many tribes of Indians, as well as the Mountain Men. ARKANSAS TOOTHPICK A large, pointed dagger used mostly by river men. AS THE CROW FLIES See "Airline" AUX ALIMENTS DU PAYS French for "nourishment of the land'.

All the free trappers and many engages were required to live "aux aliments du pays", surviving by using the provisions of nature. AVANT COURIER A French word meaning "scout". This word was used by both voyageurs and mountain men. AWERDENTY BARK ON, HE HAS THE Said of a courageous person. BARK TO To skin an animal. To scalp a man. a squirrel by shooting the tree bark from under him. BIG FIFTY The .50 caliber Sharps rifle used by the buffalo hunter. BEAM A fallen tree used for fleshing hides. This was also called a graining beam or a fleshing beam. BEAR PEN A type of trap in which the fall acts as a lid over a pen, thereby catching the animal alive. BEE LINE See "Airline". BITCH A lamp made by filling a tin cup with bear or other animal fat, then inserting a twisted rag or piece of cotton rope to act as a wick. BLACKBIRD STORM An unexpected cold storm in late spring. BLANC BEC A term used by voyageurs for a new man who had yet to travel the Missouri past the Platte River.

As with many voyageur terms, this was later adopted by some Mountain Men with much the same meaning. BOIS DE VACHE Buffalo chips used as fuel. BONE PICKER A despised human scavenger who hunted for, and sold, the bones of dead animals, mostly buffalo. BOOSHWAY The leader of a party of mountain men. The word comes from the French "bourgeois", used by the voyageurs. BOSCHLOPER A trapper or hunter BOUDINS The real treat of the mountain man. A buffalo gut containing chyme, which was cut into lengths about 24 inches long and roasted before a fire until crisp and sizzling. BREED A person of Indian and White blood. A half-breed. BRIGADE A keelboat crew. BUCKSKIN Tanned deerskin from which much of the clothing of the Indian and mountain man was made. If Indian tanned, buckskin was usually a very light dolor, often almost white. Darker color was usually obtained by smoking the skin over an open fire. BUFFALO BOAT A boat made of raw buffalo skins, much used by traders. This boat differed from the Bull Boat in that it was larger and had a normal boat shape.

BUFFALO CHIP Buffalo manure, dried and used as fuel. BUFFALO CIDER The fluid found in the stomach of the buffalo. Used by both mountain men and Indians to quench thirst. BUFFALO DANCE An Indian dance used to insure success on a buffalo hunt. BUFFALOED See "Big Fifty". BUFFALO LICK A natural saltlick used by buffalo and other game animals. Usually a very good place to find game. BUFFALO RANGE Any wide-open feeding area used by buffalo. BUFFALO ROBE The skin of the buffalo, tanned with the hair on. Used by traders, Indians, and mountain men as ground covers, robes and blankets, BUFFALO WALLOW The depression made by buffalo rolling and dusting themselves. The same wallows were used year after year often becoming quite deep. BUFFALO WOLF A large, gray wolf found around buffalo herds. Young buffalo calves were the natural food of this animal. BUG'S BOYS The Blackfoot Indians. BUG-TIT A derisive term used to mean any company official who tended to think that he was more important than he actually was. BULL BOAT A bowl-shaped boat having a willow frame-work covered with green hide.

Easy and quick to make; but very difficult to handle. BULL CHEESE A form of Mexican trousers often worn by traders. CANOT DU MAITRE A 35- to 40-foot long canoe propelled by fourteen men, (voyageur) CANOT DU NORD A 25-foot long canoe propelled by eight men. (Voyageur) CAROT See "Carrot" CARROT A bundle of tobacco, wrapped in linen, then whip-wrapped with cords thus forming a crescent-shaped bundle. An early method of packaging and selling tobacco. CAYUSE A horse. Also a tribe of Indians in Oregon. CHAFF, TO To make fun of someone. To rub someone the wrong way. CHAFFER, TO To haggle over prices or trade goods. CHAPARRAL A thicket of scrub oak and other brush. CHEF DE VOYAGE A warm wind, usually in the spring. This is a common term in the Northwest. COCK THE The hammer of a rifle or pistol. COLD FEET, HE HAS He is a coward. Someone who seeks shelter when the going gets tough. CONE THE The nipple on a percussion rifle or pistol. COON A raccoon.

Also a friendly name early mountain men called each other. COUNT COUP To show bravery and receive honor by touching an enemy, usually with a special stick used for that purpose only. In some tribes, touching a living enemy had more honor than touching a dead enemy. Touching a man had more honor than touching a woman. The first to touch received more honor than the second or third. Credit was seldom if ever, given after the third. When feathers were awarded for coup, they were sometimes depending on the tribe, cut or painted to indicate the type and amount of honor they represented. Oddly enough, killing the enemy did not count for coup the first to touch took the honor, be he the killer or not. When used by the mountain man, the expression "I'll count coup on him" usually meant "I'll kill him", after which, the taking of the dead man's scalp was normal. COUREURS DE BOIS A woods runner or hunter an early French trapper, (Voyageur) COURIER A messenger, A term used mostly by traders. CRIMPY DAY Any type of temporary prop or support. DUTCH OVEN A large kettle with three feet and a dished lid.

It can be used for both cooking and baking. E Calm, smooth water on a river or lake. ENGAGEMENT A 3-year agreement between a trapper and a fur company. ENGAGES Company trappers bound for 3 years to sell all they trap to only one company. F FACTOR Chief of a trading post or trading party, authorized by the company to sell or trade company merchandise. FATHER OF ALL WATERS Mississippi River. An Indian term. FAT PINE Pitch pine, very good for starting fires. FEAST CAKES Pancakes. FILLY A young, female horse; although just as likely to be applied to a young, shapely, good-looking woman. FIRE WATER Whiskey. This term comes from the Indian practice of throwing a cup of whiskey into a fire to see if it would burn. If it would not flame up, it would not be accepted. FIZZ-POP A very early soda pop made by mixing a little vinegar and a spoon of sugar in a glass of fresh water. Just before drinking mix in about a quarter of a spoon of soda. FLASH IN THE PAN A misfire.

Also a man who spends a great deal of time bragging, but never seems to be around when it comes to proving himself. FLESHED Any skin or hide which had the flesh and fat scraped off before it was dried. FLESHING The process of removing the excess flesh and fat from a skin or hide. FLAT BOAT A large scow used to float up to three tons of fur and skins to St. Louis. FLOAT STICK A stick attached to a steel trap used to show the location of the trap and the trapped animal. From this comes the expression, "That's the way my stick floats" , meaning , " That's the way I feel about it." FOOFARRAW Any fancy clothing or anything fancy on clothing. Just about anything used for decoration FORK A HORSE (or MULE) Mount the animal. Get ready to fight a defensive battle. FREE TRAPPER A trapper who worked for himself, trapping and selling where he wanted and to whom he wanted. As free a man as the elements would allow. FUR COUNTRY As the mountain men used the expression, The Rocky Mountains.

FUSEES A fusil or trade musket G A term used by early traders meaning an inexperienced man, GREEN MEAT Meat which still had the animal heat in it. GREEN RIVER A western river (see any good map). The hilt of a knife (from the old GR trade mark up near the hilt). A knife made by Russell Green River Works. A copy of a Russell Green River Works knife, GREEN RIVER, UP TO Anything of quality was said to be "up to Green River". GRUB Food. This very old term is still widely used. GULLY WASHER A very hard downpour of rain. H HAIR OF THE BEAR, HE HAS The greatest praise a mountain man can say of another. HALF BREED A person of mixed blood, Indian and White. HALF-FACED CAMP A floor less shed, closed with poles on the back and sides, closed with skins and blankets on the front. The roof sloped from the rear of the shed to the front. This form of house or shed was greatly used by settlers until they had time to construct a log structure. HAWK A very old term meaning "to lift and feel the weight of".

HELLO THE CAMP A traditional greeting given before entering any strange camp. Better given at a slight distance or the visitor may not leave in the same manner that he entered, HIDE HUNTER A rather low breed of man who killed buffalo for the hides only. Usually despised by all who came into contact with him. "Buffalo skins for the belts of industry." HIVERANNO An experienced mountain man. One who had lived many years in Indian country. (First Voyageur, later Mountain Man) HOGSHEAD A large wooden barrel or cask capable of holding from 100 gallons up. HOGAN A stick and earth lodge used by the Navaho Indians, HOLLER CALF ROPE Give up, surrender. An expression used by river boatmen. HORRORS Delirium Tremans. After the first night or two at the Rocky Mountain Rendezvous many a mountain man faced the horrors. HUMP RIBS The small ribs which support the buffalo's hump. Roasted they were another favorite of the mountain men. I INDIAN ANNUITY Payment given to Indians as part of a treaty agreement. More often than not, a sizeable portion went into the pocket of some bureaucrat.

INDIAN BREAD An Indian on scouting duty with the U.S. Amy. INDIAN SIGN Evidence of Indians in the area. INDIAN UP To sneak up on someone or something. J JERKY Dried meat made by cutting meat into strips about one inch wide, 1/4 inch thick, and as long as possible. This was then sun-dried on racks often with a small hardwood fire under the meat to smoke it and to keep insects off it. In good, hot weather the meat would be dry and ready to use in 3 to 4 days. JORNADA A day's journey. A journey between pre-determined points. K KEEL BOAT A 60- to 80-foot long flat-bottomed boat about 16 feet wide. In wide use before steamboats. KEENER A man who is an exceptional shot. KINNIKINNICK A firm of smoking tobbaco made from the leaves of the tobacco plant plus the leaves and bark of other plants, the actual formula depending on the tribe making it. KYACK A rawhide box designed to be strapped to a pack saddle. L To eat in a hasty and sloppy manner LARRUPING GOOD Anything which has an extra fine flavor.

LASH ROPE The rope used to tie a load to a pack saddle. LAVE HOI Time to roll out of bed. This expression, usually given in a good, loud voice, was used to awaken a partner or a whole party. LEGGINGS The buckskin, later blanket, trousers of the Indian. LIGHTS WENT OUT, THE Timber wolf. LOCK, STOCK, AND BARREL In total; the whole thing. For examples "He sold his shop, lock, stock, and barrel". This expression comes from the 3 major parts needed to construct a muzzle loading rifle or pistol. LOCO Crazy. LODGE The living quarters be it house, cabin, tipi, hogan, tent, or lean-to, of the Indian or mountain man. LODGEPOLE The main cross-supporting pole of a lodge. LODGEPOLE PINE (Pinus contorta) Once one of the most valued trees in the Rocky Mountains, due to its many uses. Also known as "Screw pine" and "Tamarack pine". LONG FORM A crude bench long enough to seat three or more people.

LUMPY DICK An early pudding made by stirring dry flour into boiling milk until thick, then serving with sweet milk and molasses or sugar. M MACKINAW A boat approximately 40 feet long, 10 feet across the beam, and 4 feet deep, pointed at both ends. This boat, widely used on the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio River systems, was capable of holding a cargo of approximately 10 tons. Often these were used for downstream travel only. MADE WOLF MEAT, HE WAS A dead man left where he fell, for the wolves to dine on. An act of contempt. MAKE BEAVER, TO To get a move on, to travel in a hurry. MAKE MEAT, TO To hunt for and lay in a good store of meat. MAKE MEDICINE, TO To hold a pow-wow or meeting. To pray for spiritual guidance. To hold a religious service. To actually look for and find herbs, etc. to be used as medicine. MAL DE VANCHE An illness common to the mountain man and voyageur, It was caused by eating too much fat or fatty meat and not enough vegetable matter. MANGEUR DE LARD Voyageur term for a fur company recruit.

These men, considered useful for common labor only, were usually fed salted pork, hence the name. The term was later adopted by the mountain men to mean any man new to the fur trade. MANTILLA A shawl used as a trade item with the Indians, MEAT BAG, THE The magic, secret charms of the Indian. Also the bait used in trapping. MEDICINE BAG The small bag, used to carry the medicine of the Indian. Adopted by the mountain man and used to carry anything small, especially the "secret" bait he used near his traps. MEDICINE PIPE The sacred pipe of the Indian. This pipe was used only during special ceremonies, was kept in a special, sacred bundle, and was NEVER allowed to touch the ground. MEDICINE LODGE A sacred lodge used only for religious ceremonies. In some tribes it could also be used as a meeting place for the secret societies of braves. The sweat lodge (an early American form of sauna bath) used by many tribes was also considered a "medicine lodge". MESA A table-top (flat) mountain or hill. METATE The stone mortar used for grinding corn and other grains. The word is Spanish, not Indian.

MOCCASIN The buckskin or moose hide shoe of the Indian and mountain man. Light, quiet, and comfortable. MOCCASIN MAIL A postal system devised by the mountain man. It consisted of leaving messages concerning the condition of the trail ahead, time and place of a rendezvous, etc, in trees, hollow logs, etc. Such messages were quite often put in an old moccasin so they would be easy to see. MUD HOOKS Human feet. This expression is still often heard among country people. MULA An Indian word used by many frontiersmen and mountain men to mean any Indian child. PARFLECHE Rawhide made from buffalo hide. It is exceedingly tough. In fact, its name (French) comes from the fact that it could not be pierced by arrows or spears. The word also refers to a carrying case or envelope made of dried buffalo hide and widely used by both Indians and mountain men in place of a trunk. PASS A passage through a range of mountains. PEMMICAN Indian food made by mixing powdered jerky with dried berries and hot tallow, then packed and stored in skin or gut bags. Used by Indians and mountain men. This is a high energy survival food.

PENOLE Flour made from parched corn. PILGRIM Usually immigrants, people moving west. The term was also sometimes used by the mountain men to mean any man new to the fur trade. PINCE The pointed bow and stern of a canoe. (voyageur) PIPE The jornada of the voyageur. The distance between rest stops, which were the only times his pipe could be lit up and enjoyed. PLEW A destructive, frigid west wind. (Crow Indian word) POOR BULL FROM FAT COW TO KNOW To know good times from bad. Either term could also be used alone, such as: "Them days war Poor Bull and that be a sure fact", meaning, "those days food and plews were hard to get and that is a fact". PORTAGE A trip between waterways or around a waterway obstruction, carrying everything along with you. PORTAGE TRAIL The trail used to carry a canoe and supplies between waterways or around a waterway obstruction.

POSSIBLES The personal property of the mountain man, Such items as a bullet mold, an awl, knives, a tin cup, his buffalo robe or a blanket capote, his pipe and tobacco, flint and steel, sometimes a small sheet-metal fry-pan, and other accouterments he considered necessary. Firearms were considered "pieces" or guns" and not possibles. POSSIBLES BAG The leather bag in which the mountain man carried his possibles. everything from his pipe and tobacco to his patches and balls. What could not be carried in the bag were hung on the bags shoulder strap. Shooting needs were given first priority, kept where they could be found with ease and speed. POUDRERIE Dry snow driven through the air by a violent wind. POW-WOW An Indian word meaning a meeting followed by dancing and feasting. The mountain man's term for any discussion between two men, or for a planned meeting. PRO-PELLE-CUTEM The motto of the Hudson's Bay Company, meaning "for a pelt, a skin". PSALM SINGER The winter-killed hide of the buffalo. usually used to make buffalo robes. RUBBED OUT Dead or killed.

This expression comes from the early attempts of the Indian to learn English. To erase is to rub out, anything rubbed out no longer exists, so must be dead. Adopted by the mountain man with the same meaning. S A well-used route between Independence, Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico. SAW BUCK A cross-frame used for cutting wood. Also a pack saddle. SCALP FEAST A time for counting coup, feasting dancing, and chanting over battles won. SCALP LOCK A challenging lock of hair grown on the crown of the heads of the warriors of some Indian tribes. SCALP POLE The pole used to display scalps taken from enemies. SEGUNDO The second-in-command of a large party or company SHARPS A breechloading percussion rifle invented by Christian Sharps. SHINING Splendid. To shine means to be extra good at something, SHINING MOUNTAINS An early name for the Rocky Mountains. SHONGSASHA A form of tobacco made from the bark of the red willow, sometimes mixed with Indian tobacco plant leaves. SKIN TRADE, THE A camp for women and children while the men were away hunting or at war.

SQUAW HITCH A simple hitch used in place of the Diamond Hitch. SQUAW MAN A White man married to an Indian woman. SQUAW WIND An unexpected warm wind in the middle of a very cold spell. Like a chinook, but in the dead of winter. SQUAW WOOD Small dry sticks used for starting a fire or tending a very small. hard-to-see fire for cooking. STIRRUP Bread made from flour, fat, and water. It was baked in a Dutch oven or on a stick placed over or near a fire. SWEEP The steering oar on keel boats, rafts, etc. T A whiskey made near Taos New Mexico. TERRAPIN Dog meat. TINDER Fine, shredded Birch bark or other highly combustible wood. Used for starting fire with flint and steel, or with a fire drill. Charred cotton was also used as tender. THERE GO HORSE AND BEAVER An expression meaning "I just lost everything I owned or had with me". THRUMS The fringe on buckskin or leather clothing. THROW IN WITH, TO To join a group or party. To go into partnership with someone.

THROW SMOKE, TO To shoot a firearm TIMBER WOLF A large, gray wolf found at one time throughout the United States, now found only in the far north. TOMAHAWK A small hatchet used by the Indians and mountain men for fighting and woodcraft. TOMAHAWK TALKS Councils of war. Treaty councils. The tomahawk was an important symbol in both war and peace. TIPI The conical lodge used by the Plains Indians. (Teepee) TOW Unspun flax used for cleaning firearms. Also used as tinder. TRACE, A The Spanish yard (33 inches); the unit of measurement used by many early traders. VOYAGEUR A trapper for one of the very early fur companies. Most voyageurs were French-Canadian. W WAGH An exclamation, used by both Mountain Men and Indians, usually denoting admiration or surprise. This grunt-like sound is supposed to resemble that made by a bear. It is, in fact, believed to have ordinate from the sound made by a bear when mildly surprised. WAMPUM An Indian term for belts of small beads or shells that were used as money.

Many mountain men adopted this term to mean all money. WAR PATH. ON THE A person spoiling for a good fight is said to be "on the war path," WASNA To die. WHITE INDIAN A White man who went native and joined a tribe of Indians. Many captured White children became White Indians. WICKIUP The lodge of some southwestern Indian tribes. WIGWAM The dome-shaped lodge of some eastern Indian tribes. WILLOW KILLER The first real cold spell of Fall. When the leaves all fall off of the willows due to the cold, it is a sure sign that winter has arrived. WIPE OUT, A A massacre. Many a so-called "massacre" was not really one at all, as both sides had weapons and were able to and did fight. WOLFER A man who made his living hunting wolves for bounty. The wolfer was only considered a degree or two better than the hide hunter. Neither were ever considered a part of the skin (fur) trade.

WOLFISH, I'M Chinook | Define Chinook at Dictionary.com Chinook [shi-noo k, -nook, chi-] /ʃɪˈnʊk, -ˈnuk, tʃɪ-/ Spell noun, plural Chinooks (especially collectively) Chinook. 1. a member of a formerly numerous North American Indian people originally inhabiting the northern shore of the mouth of the Columbia River and the adjacent territory. 2. 3. (lowercase) a warm, dry wind that blows at intervals down the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. 4. (lowercase) chinook salmon . 5. a U.S. Army cargo helicopter in service since 1962 and capable of ferrying 12 tons of supplies and troops. Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for Chinook Expand Contemporary Examples The Chinook vibrated with deeper and deeper groans until its twin engines managed to heave up our dead weight. Osama Was My Neighbor Ron Moreau, Sami Yousafzai May 1, 2011 Historical Examples The sun shone warm and bright; the Chinook blew balmily and alluringly; the trail stretched before us dry and level.

Northern Lights Gilbert Parker Dirty gray snow drifts, where a Chinook had cut them, and icy side hills made the place still drearier. Albert Gallatin John Austin Stevens Breed visited Peg's home ridge during the height of the Chinook. The Yellow Horde Hal G. Evarts British Dictionary definitions for Chinook Expand noun 1. Also called snow eater. a warm dry southwesterly wind blowing down the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains 2. Also called wet chinook. a warm moist wind blowing onto the Washington and Oregon coasts from the sea Word Origin C19: from Salish c`inuk Chinook (pl) -nook, -nooks. a Native American people of the Pacific coast near the Columbia River 2. the language of this people, probably forming a separate branch of the Penutian phylum Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd.

1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for Chinook Expand name for a group of related native people in the Columbia River region of Washington and Oregon, from Salishan /činuk/, name of a village site. Name also extended to a type of salmon (1851) and warm spring wind. Chinook jargon was a mishmash of native (Chinook and Nootka), French, and English words; it once was lingua franca in the Pacific Northwest, and it is the earliest attested use of the word (1840). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Who is/was / What does Chinook mean?

definition, audio pronunciation, and meaning (Free English Language Dictionary) chinook; chinook wind ; snow eater Hypernyms ("chinook" is a kind of...): air current ; current of air ; wind (air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure) Sense 2 Chinook [BACK TO TOP] Meaning: A member of an important North American Indian people who controlled the mouth of the Columbia river; they were organized into settlements rather than tribes Classified under: Hypernyms ("Chinook" is a kind of...): Penutian (a member of a North American Indian people speaking one of the Penutian languages) Sense 3 Chinook winds - definition of Chinook winds by The Free Dictionary Chinook winds - definition of Chinook winds by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Chi·nook n. pl. Chinook or Chi·nooks 1. a. A member of a Native American people formerly inhabiting the lower Columbia River valley and adjoining coastal regions of Washington and Oregon, now located in western Washington. The Chinook traded widely throughout the Pacific Northwest. b. The Chinookan language of the Chinook.

2. A member of any of several Chinookan-speaking peoples formerly inhabiting the Columbia River valley eastward to The Dalles and now located in southern Washington and northern Oregon. [Chehalis (Salishan language of western Washington) c'inúk.] chi·nook (shĭ-no͝ok′, chĭ-) n. 1. A moist warm wind blowing from the sea in coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest. 2. A warm dry wind that descends from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, causing a rapid rise in temperature. 3. A Chinook salmon. (tʃɪˈnuːk; -ˈnʊk) n 1. (Physical Geography) Also called: snow eater a warm dry southwesterly wind blowing down the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains 2. (Physical Geography) Also called: wet chinook a warm moist wind blowing onto the Washington and Oregon coasts from the sea [C19: from Salish c'inuk] npl -nook or -nooks 1. (Peoples) a Native American people of the Pacific coast near the Columbia River 2.

(Languages) the language of this people, probably forming a separate branch of the Penutian phylum Chi•nook n., pl. -nooks, (esp. collectively) -nook. 1. a. a member of an American Indian people aboriginally inhabiting the N shore of the mouth of the Columbia River. b. a member of any of a group of peoples including the Chinook of the Columbia River mouth and related peoples to the S and W. c. either of two languages spoken by these peoples, one, now extinct, spoken on both sides of the Columbia estuary (Lower Chinook) and the other spoken W of the estuary ( Upper Chinook ). 2. (l.c.) a warm, dry wind that blows at intervals down the E slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Chi•nook′an, adj.

Question: Which wind has a name meaning ‘snow eater’ in American Indian language?
Answer: Chinook