New Brunswick Map / Geography of New Brunswick / Map of New Brunswick - Worldatlas.com New Brunswick Description New Brunswick History The original inhabitants of New Brunswick were the First Nations - members of the Mi'kmaq, the Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) and Passamaquoddy tribes, who lived in the eastern and coastal regions. The first known European exploration was conducted in 1534 by the French explorer, Jacques Cartier, who discovered and named the Bay of Chaleur . In 1604, other French explorers, Pierre du Gua de Months and Samuel de Champlain established a camp at St. Croix Island. Over the next 150 years, other French settlements were founded in the present day New Brunswick. This entire area was claimed by France and named the colony of Acadia. After numerous conflicts between the French and British , the Treaty of Utrecht, signed in 1713, ceded the Acadia area to Britain. The British forced the Acadians into exile. Many escaped to the northeastern part of present day New Brunswick.

Following the Seven Years' War (1756 – 63), most of present day New Brunswick was absorbed into the colony of Nova Scotia . Immigration and Provincehood New Brunswick's isolated location tended to discourage settlement. However, the New England Planters and the Pennsylvania Dutch immigrated to the area in 1766 and settled. In 1783, significant growth occurred when over 14,000 Loyalists from the United States arrived via the Saint John River. There were many controversies between the Loyalists and the pre-loyalists, finally culminating in the portioning of Nova Scotia , and the establishment of the colony of New Brunswick in 1784. The provincial capital was established at Fredericton. Immigration continued into the early 1800's with Scottish and Irish settlers arriving. Later immigration included Danish and Jewish settlers. In the late 1830's, conflicts arose between New Brunswick lumbermen and the farmers from the state of Maine in the U.S. , resulting in the Aroostook War.

In August 1842, the signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty settled the Northeast Boundary Dispute and established the border between New Brunswick and Maine. New Brunswick | history - geography - province, Canada | Britannica.com New Brunswick "Spem reduxit (Hope was restored)" Provincial flower Time zone Atlantic (GMT − 4 hours) New Brunswick, Canadian province located on the eastern seaboard of the North American continent. It is Canada ’s only officially bilingual province, French and English having equal status. It was one of the four original provinces making up the national confederation in 1867. Together with Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island , it forms the regional grouping known as the Maritime Provinces . New Brunswick has a roughly rectangular shape, about 210 miles (340 km) from north to south and 185 miles (300 km) from east to west. It is bounded to the north by the province of Quebec , to the east by the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Northumberland Strait, and to the south by the Bay of Fundy .

The latter two bodies of water are separated by the narrow neck of the Chignecto Isthmus , which joins New Brunswick to Nova Scotia, to the southeast. To the west lies the U.S. state of Maine . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Lighthouse at Cape Enrage on the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Can. © Paul A. Souders/Corbis Chartered by King George III , the province was named for the royal house of Brunswick , and its capital, Fredericton , was named for King George III’s son Frederick. While New Brunswick has contributed significantly to the national life of Canada, it is one of the smaller provinces and has always occupied a lesser role in the national economy. Its beautiful forests, rivers, lakes, and seashore—attractions for tourists, hunters, and sport fishermen—have remained relatively unspoiled. Area 28,150 square miles (72,908 square km). Pop. (2011) 751,171.

Land Relief, drainage, and soils The land rises abruptly and in some places spectacularly out of the Bay of Fundy in the south and undulates northward in a series of rolling hills and rocky outcroppings. Plains and flatlands are limited to sea-level marshlands in the southeast, river-valley floodplains, and low-lying lands adjacent to the beaches of the east coast. There are no true mountains, although ranges of rugged and sometimes steep hills run east-west a few miles north of the Fundy coast and in the north-central part of the province, where the highest elevation is Mount Carleton at 2,680 feet (817 metres). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. People Population composition The English-speaking majority consists largely of the descendants of Scottish, Irish, and English settlers of the 18th and 19th centuries, along with those descended from loyalists who fled the American Revolution . It is concentrated in the southern and western parts of the province. The French-speaking minority, which has grown to about one-third of the population, consists of the descendants of 17th-century Acadian settlers augmented by French Canadians from Quebec, and it is concentrated in the northern and eastern counties.

Descendants of the province’s first inhabitants, the Indians (First Nations), remain in small numbers on federally administered reserves (reservations) along the east coast or in the St. John valley, or they have integrated into neighbouring communities . There are several thousand blacks, largely descendants of loyalist slaves, in the province as well. In the 20th century, small contingents of eastern European, Dutch, German, Italian, and Asian immigrants added a multicultural dimension, mostly in the larger urban areas. Roman Catholics outnumber Protestants, who are mostly of the Baptist, United Church of Canada , Anglican, Pentecostal, and Presbyterian denominations. Settlement patterns Settlement began on the coastline and rivers, where early settlers followed fishing and agricultural pursuits. Small towns tended to spring up along the river systems, which supported sawmills and general stores. Saint John, an all-season ocean port situated at the mouth of the St. John River, has been the largest city from earliest times. Moncton, in the southeast, emerged in the late 19th century as a railroad and distribution centre. Fredericton , the capital and an administrative, educational, and commercial city, is near the geographic centre of the province.

Miramichi, located on the river of the same name, is an industrial city that produces paper and other forest products. Bathurst , Campbellton, and Edmundston, small bilingual cities in the north with French-speaking majorities, all developed on the basis of the pulp and paper industry. In the 1950s the Canadian armed forces established Base Gagetown, covering several thousand acres between Fredericton and Saint John, and they built the modern town of Oromocto for army personnel. Demographic trends Population growth was relatively slight in the early 21st century. Many young adults, drawn by the employment opportunities and higher salaries of central Canadian cities and western oil fields, continued to migrate out of New Brunswick. Within the province, cities became the employment centres, although the common practice of commuting from rural homes or from suburban areas prevented significant urban population growth. Economy New Brunswick has a resource-based economy dependent largely on forestry , mining, and fishing. Tourism, agriculture, small-scale manufacturing, and a growing service sector provide balance and diversity . Real economic growth tends to be at or above the regional average for the Atlantic Provinces region, reflecting expansion in oil refining, telecommunications, computer software development, and natural gas distribution.

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Only about one-fifth of the landmass of the province is suitable for agriculture, and less than one-third of that is actually under cultivation. Floodplains, which represent only a tiny percentage of the provincial landmass, possess the richest soils. They are suitable for truck farming, which is concentrated near the southern cities, notably in the lower St. John River valley. Small family farms remain the most numerous type among the province’s approximately 3,000 farms, but their numbers are dwindling, and thousands of acres of previously cultivated land are returning to forest. The largest farms specialize in the leading cash crops, dairy products and potatoes, the former concentrated in south-central and southeastern areas and the latter in the upper St. John valley. Both benefit from large-scale food-processing plants in their respective areas. Poultry, cattle, hogs, eggs, maple products, and blueberries represent other significant commodities. Provincial policy focuses on soil conservation and new product development. About four-fifths of the provincial landmass is forested, and the forest industry is the province’s largest.

Pulp and paper production represents the industry’s largest single component; several cities and towns, mostly in the north, depend on large pulp and paper mills as their major employers. Sawmills are widespread as well, and other forest products include lumber, plywood, chipboard, fuel, and Christmas trees. The forests also provide a wide range of jobs in related fields. About half of the forested land is in the public domain, although large corporate users are responsible for reforestation and management of assigned districts. Wood supply and fluctuating foreign markets emerged as major challenges in the early 21st century. The fishing and fish-processing industry continues to be important in the provincial economy. It employs numerous workers in the main fishing areas, including the Bay of Fundy, the Northumberland Strait, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lobster, crab, scallops, herring, cod, mackerel, and a variety of other North Atlantic species make up the bulk of the catch. The industry is a volatile one, subject to seasonal and longer-term shifts in fish stocks, foreign competition, weather conditions, and credit availability; it has thus become highly dependent on government regulation and support.

The development of aquaculture has supplemented the fisheries with hatcheries that produce salmon, trout, mussels, and oysters. Resources and power The discovery in New Brunswick of rich deposits of zinc and potash in the second half of the 20th century elevated the importance of mining in the provincial economy. The northeast, especially around Bathurst, produces zinc, copper, lead, silver, and peat moss. A lead-smelting operation is at Belledune, a port near Bathurst, and potash and natural gas are found near Sussex. Nationally, the province ranks high in the production of antimony, bismuth, potash, peat, zinc, silver, and lead. Coal, gypsum, and sulfur also are significant. The provincially owned electric power utility vigorously expanded power generation in the 20th century. Hydroelectric developments along the St. John River system were supplemented by coal- and oil-fired steam-generating units and by the construction of a nuclear power station at Point Lepreau, southwest of Saint John. A power grid links the New Brunswick utility with all the neighbouring provinces and the United States and permits the export of excess capacity.

A natural gas pipeline, carrying offshore gas to New England , also crosses the province. Manufacturing The bulk of manufacturing industries in New Brunswick produce food products, paper, and wood products. Firms also manufacture metal goods, mineral products, and machinery. A number of small computer software companies operate in several of the province’s cities as well. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries both the value of manufactured goods and production volume grew significantly. Canada’s largest oil refinery, located at Saint John, experienced unprecedented growth in response to increasing demand throughout North America . Services, labour, and taxation By the early 21st century the service sector employed more than three times as many people as did manufacturers. Tourism is a leading service industry, as the province’s natural and cultural attractions, including many picturesque drives, draw many visitors. The province’s advanced telephone system and bilingual workforce have attracted a telemarketing industry with call centres in several towns and cities. In addition, the federal government, through the work of its National Research Council, has encouraged the development of the information technology industry in New Brunswick. Scenic drive along the coast of New Brunswick, Can.

New Brunswick Department of Tourism and Parks Employment levels in the province are subject to seasonal variation, and unemployment rates in the early 21st century were slightly higher than the rates in Canada as a whole. Nevertheless, rates of employment showed improvement over past decades. Trends in the previous century had kept unemployment rates fairly high: a lack of diversification in the resource-based economy, high transportation costs, and a decline in manufacturing had reduced opportunities and contributed to significant out-migration. The province derives the overwhelming majority of its revenue from various taxes. These include corporate and personal income taxes, capital taxes, a value-added sales tax, a real property tax, gasoline and fuel taxes, and a tobacco tax. The provincial budget also depends on federal equalization grants and other federal transfer payments. Such programs support the provision of economic infrastructure , such as in transportation and research, and have contributed substantially to the development of up-to-date amenities and services comparable to those found elsewhere in Canada. Transportation and telecommunications At Saint John , a modern ocean port and the province’s largest industrial centre, oil refining, shipbuilding , and papermaking are major employers.

The city’s port facilities are able to handle container ships, and they play an important role in exporting Canadian goods, especially in winter months when traffic on the St. Lawrence Seaway is curtailed. Moncton and Saint John remain major transportation and communication centres despite the reduced importance of railroads, and Moncton has emerged as an important regional distribution centre. Regional and national airlines provide regular service to all the larger cities, and a bus service links most urban centres. Heavily traveled highways link New Brunswick and the other Maritime Provinces with central Canada and the United States. The 8-mile (13-km) Confederation Bridge connects New Brunswick to Prince Edward Island. Confederation Bridge over the Northumberland Strait, connecting New Brunswick to Prince Edward … Jan Butchofsky-Houser/Corbis New Brunswick possesses a technically advanced telecommunications infrastructure. Cable and satellite television services, wireless telephone service, and Internet access are all widely available. In addition, all public schools have access to the Internet. Government and society Constitutional framework The provincial government follows the constitutional forms of a Canadian province within the framework of the Canadian constitution.

A lieutenant-governor, appointed by the governor-general of Canada on the advice of the Canadian prime minister, represents the queen and is the titular head of government. A premier and a cabinet exercise real power. The premier is the leader of the political party with the most elected members in the province’s one-chamber legislature. Three national political parties are active. But although the New Democratic Party established a small foothold in the late 20th century, the Liberals and Progressive Conservatives continued their dominance into the 21st century. Legislative Assembly Building, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Courtesy Diane Mercier-Allain, Visitor Services, Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick Health and welfare The province has a network of modern hospitals, the largest of which are regional hospitals with specialized facilities and equipment. Hospital and medical care are both publicly funded and are supported by a provincial sales tax. Social services are administered by the provincial government, and the same standards apply provincewide. A provincial housing authority plans and develops projects for low-income families and for the elderly. Health, education, and social welfare programs all receive partial federal financial support. Education Public education is free and includes kindergarten and 12 grades of elementary and high school.

The system, unique in Canada, is administered by separate English and French sections of the provincial Department of Education and by elected school boards in a number of school districts, some French and some English. Teachers negotiate their salaries with the province, which raises and distributes funds to school districts on the basis of equality so that all areas of the province enjoy similar standards. All universities receive public funding but also rely on student tuitions and private contributions. The University of New Brunswick (established 1785), one of Canada’s oldest higher educational institutions, operates from its main campus in Fredericton, which it shares with the Roman Catholic St. Thomas University; a second campus is in Saint John. The University of Moncton serves the French-speaking population from its campuses in Moncton, Edmundston, and Shippagan (Shippegan). Mount Allison University, once a private denominational college but now both publicly and privately funded, is in Sackville. There are also several trade and technical schools. Cultural life Culture is shaped by the predominance of the two largest linguistic groups, English and French.

Ethnicity remains a strong determinant of cultural activity in some areas, as in the annual Irish festival held at Miramichi, the blessing of the Acadian fishing fleet at Caraquet , and Loyalist Days in Saint John. Summer festivals and fall fairs retain the flavour of the past and the traditions of the province’s early settlers. Popular tastes in music include Irish, Scottish, and Acadian folk idioms and their North American country music derivatives. The arts The fine arts are distinguished by some outstanding work in painting, choral singing, and creative literature. Saint John artists of the 1930s and ’40s, such as Miller Brittain and Jack Humphrey, produced striking social commentaries in their depictions of depression and war, while painters at Mount Allison University led the way in the 1960s in the development of a widely recognized regional group of magic realists. Divergent trends of the 20th century are represented by the works of two Fredericton artists: Molly Lamb Bobak, who painted crowd scenes and floral watercolours, and her husband, Bruno Bobak, who painted vibrant landscapes.

Acadian choirs from the province, particularly the Moncton area, have won both national and international attention. Regional and provincial music festivals encourage music performance among youth, and internationally known musicians perform at summer chamber music festivals in Lamèque and Fredericton. Fredericton also claims to be the poets’ corner of Canada: it is the home of the literary magazine The Fiddlehead, whose founder, the prolific poet Fred Cogswell, and others carried on a tradition first established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Bliss Carman and Sir Charles G.D. Roberts , arguably the founders of Canada’s first school of poetry. Founded in 2000, the Northrop Frye bilingual literary festival in Moncton has attracted international participation. Antonine Maillet , an Acadian novelist and playwright from Bouctouche, achieved international recognition for her writing in French, which strikingly reveals the 17th-century idiom and structure of the language as spoken by today’s Acadians. Cultural institutions Several institutions provide leadership in the arts. Theatre New Brunswick and the University of Moncton promote drama.

The Beaverbrook Art Gallery in Fredericton houses an excellent small collection of British, Canadian, and other paintings of the past three centuries. Notable works include The Fountain of Indolence by J.M.W. Turner , Santiago el Grande by Salvador Dalí , and a significant collection of paintings by Canadian artist Cornelius Krieghoff . Several towns have public and private galleries featuring mostly regional work. The New Brunswick Museum in Saint John, the oldest in Canada, contains archival treasures from the province’s past, while two historic reconstructions—King’s Landing Historical Settlement near Fredericton and Acadian Village near Caraquet—depict rural life of the past century. Such historic sites as Fort Beauséjour National Historic Park near Sackville remind visitors of the Indian, French, and British roots of the province. A provincial agency fosters cultural activity and has been especially successful in developing and promoting fine crafts. Craft fairs featuring excellent work in wood, pottery, and other media are very popular in summer and fall. Scholars rely on university libraries, the archives of the New Brunswick Museum, the Provincial Archives in Fredericton, and the Centre for Acadian Studies at the University of Moncton. Municipal libraries are widespread.

Sports and recreation Recreational activities fall into two groups, winter and summer. Skiing, hockey, and curling dominate in winter. Summer recreation focuses naturally on water: boating, swimming, and fishing flourish in a province that abounds with lakes, rivers, and accessible seashore, including miles of clean sandy beaches along the east coast. Several rivers are famous for their Atlantic salmon , while trout, bass, and pickerel also attract sport fishing. Whale watching near the western islands of the Bay of Fundy is popular as well. Other common outdoor pursuits include golf, tennis, and hunting; a regulated hunting season occurs in the fall of the year. Two national parks— Fundy National Park on the rugged coast of the Bay of Fundy (featuring the world’s highest tides) and Kouchibouguac National Park on the Northumberland Strait—and several provincial parks provide camping, bird watching, and hiking. Well-maintained walking and bicycling trails have replaced rail beds in many parts of the province. Fundy National Park, New Brunswick, Can. New Brunswick Department of Tourism and Parks Media and publishing Several major daily newspapers circulate in the province.

Among the leading English-language dailies are the Telegraph-Journal (Saint John), the Daily Gleaner (Fredericton), and the Times and Transcript (Moncton). The main French-language daily is L’Acadie Nouvelle (Caraquet). Television broadcasting derives mainly from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), CTV Television Network, Global Television Network, and Radio-Québec. Cable and satellite television also are available. French- and English-language radio stations broadcast throughout the province. History The French were the first Europeans to lay claim to the province, part of a larger region that they called Acadia (French: Acadie), which was inhabited by Algonquian-speaking Indians (First Nations) of the Micmac , Malecite , and Passamaquoddy nations. The British took over Acadia in 1713, although the French claimed and defended the area that is now New Brunswick until they were defeated militarily in the 1750s.

The British expelled or dispersed most of the French-speaking Acadian settlers in 1755 (many of whom eventually returned) and governed the area as Nova Scotia until 1784, when New Brunswick was established as a separate province with its present boundaries. Seal of New Brunswick, Can. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Coat of arms of New Brunswick, Can. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The first English-speaking settlers, from New England, moved into the St. John River valley and founded the town of Maugerville in 1762. But it was the influx of some 14,000 loyalist refugees from the American Revolution , mostly from New York and its vicinity, that created the pressure for separate provincehood. The loyalist city of Saint John became Canada’s first incorporated city in 1785, and smaller settlements were established in the St. John and St. Croix valleys. After early problems of adjustment the loyalist communities of New Brunswick began to prosper.

Underlying the improved economy was the British decision in 1808 to grant preferential tariffs to the timber resources of its North American colonies, a move made when Napoleon I ’s blockade cut off the Baltic supply of shipbuilding materials to the British. For New Brunswick, with its limited agricultural lands but widespread forests, this historical incident provided an opportunity that helped usher in the so-called age of wood, wind, and water, an era of prosperity based on timber exports and shipbuilding. The Reciprocity Treaty with the United States in 1854 and the demand created by the American Civil War further stimulated trade. Politically, the province moved slowly toward a more democratic system. Government in the first generation was dominated by a loyalist elite supported by British imperial authority. Responsible home government (government in which the executive branch is drawn from, and answerable to, an elected legislative branch) was granted by Britain in 1848. Political parties, organized largely along ethnic and religious lines and prompted by the prohibition issue, emerged in the 1850s. With its economic success and political independence, New Brunswick entered confederation with Canada in 1867 somewhat reluctantly.

Confederation, however, coincided with the collapse of the age of wooden ships, and New Brunswickers found themselves scrambling over the next 100 years to rebuild their economy on a new foundation. Railroads and national tariffs helped in the development of manufacturing, such as that of cotton textiles, but the province suffered from the pull of the urban growth areas of Quebec and Ontario . By the 20th century, New Brunswick required federally subsidized freight rates, and it argued, along with other Maritime Provinces, for federal financial assistance, which, after the mid-1900s, it obtained. Meanwhile, a modern party system emerged in which, until the 1970s, the old elements of ethnicity and religion continued to be significant. Liberals and Progressive Conservatives alternated in government at fairly regular intervals. In the mid-20th century, both parties sought economic development based on new electrical power facilities. In the 1960s a Liberal equal opportunity program revolutionized the delivery of health, justice , education, and social services by abolishing counties as administrative units and by centralizing funding and administration at the provincial level.

Unique in Canada, the system met strong early resistance, but it continued under the subsequent Conservative government and won acceptance, especially in less-prosperous rural and northern areas, as a means of equalizing services in all parts of the province. Since the late 1980s, both Liberal and Conservative governments have emphasized fiscal restraint, balanced budgets, the restructuring of public services, and a reduction in dependence on federal financial support. In the 1990s and early 21st century, governments continued to pursue economic self-sufficiency. New Brunswickers think of their province, with its two languages and cultures , as a microcosm of Canada. Moreover, the province’s small size tends to promote support for Canadian federalism among members of both linguistic groups. Even at the beginning of the 21st century, the province retained qualities of its rural and small-town past. Fredericton, the Capital of New Brunswick, Canada Updated: 12/28/2014 About the City of Fredericton, New Brunswick Fredericton is the capital city of the province of New Brunswick , Canada.

With a downtown of only 16 blocks, this picturesque capital city provides the benefits of a larger city while still being affordable. Fredericton is strategically located on the Saint John River and is within a day's drive of Halifax , Toronto and New York City . Fredericton is a centre for information technology, engineering and environment industries, and is home to two universities and a variety of training colleges and institutes. Location of Fredericton, New Brunswick Fredericton is located on the banks of the Saint John River in central New Brunswick. Area of City of Fredericton 131.67 sq. km (50.84 sq. miles) (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Population of City of Fredericton 56,224 (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Date Fredericton Incorporated as a City 1848 Date Fredericton Became the Capital City of New Brunswick 1785 Government of City of Fredericton, New Brunswick Fredericton municipal elections are held every four years on the second Monday in May.

Date of the last Fredericton municipal election: Monday, May 14, 2012 Date of the next Fredericton municipal election: Monday, May 9, 2016 Fredericton's city council is made up of 13 elected representatives: one mayor and 12 city councillors. New Brunswick - Overview Overview Make font smaller Make font normal Make font bigger Overview New Brunswick, the largest of Canada 's three Maritime Provinces, is located under Quebec 's Gaspé Peninsula and beside the State of Maine. Its northern border also includes the Restigouche River and the Baie des Chaleurs. The eastern boundary is entirely coastal - the Gulf of St Lawrence and Northumberland Strait - and dotted with warm, sandy beaches, featuring the warmest salt water north of Virginia. Chignecto Bay and the 24-kilometre wide Isthmus of Chignecto, which connects New Brunswick to Nova Scotia, form part of New Brunswick's southern border. The rest of it is the Bay of Fundy. Its tides - the highest and wildest in the world - have carved a spectacular coastline.

New Brunswick is also connected to Prince Edward Island by the world-famous Confederation Bridge. An eastern seaside province, New Brunswick has beautiful sandy beaches in the summer, spectacular autumn foliage, wildflowers in the spring and pure, white snow in the winter. The province is marked by its rolling hills and spectacular valleys, as well as its historic and modern architecture located in many of its cities, towns and villages. New Brunswick's communities vary from its eight major cities, Bathurst, Campbellton, Dieppe, Edmundston, the provincial capital of Fredericton, Miramichi, Moncton and Saint John (“Saint” is always spelled out), to its many attractive towns and villages located throughout the province that offer a wide range of attractions to visitors and residents alike. Its rivers, such as the mighty St. John , the magnificent Restigouche or the majestic Miramichi, all possess unique characteristics unlike anywhere else you can find. From rolling farmlands to picturesque forests, river valleys to rocky pinnacles, the beauty and variety New Brunswick offers is unique in the world. New Brunswick , along with Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island , is on Atlantic Standard (Daylight) Time.

When entering New Brunswick from Maine or Québec, set your watch ahead one hour. Facts about, New Brunswick, Canada DID YOU KNOW? The inventor of the ice cream cone was born in Sussex corner- the Dairy Capital of Canada, mid-way along the Fundy Coastal Drive. Locals tell the story of baker Walter Donelly who made a bad batch of dough. He was at a loss with what to do with his hard, crispy pastry. So, he ran next door to the ice cream parlour .and the rest, as they say, is ice cream cone history. DID YOU HEAR ABOUT THE ONE THAT GOT AWAY ? Fish stories abound in the Miramichi River in the heart of salmon country. The river boasts the best salmon fishing in the world. Just ask American test pilot Chuck Yeager and U.S. Army General Norman Schwarzkopf- two of the many famous anglers who have waded in the river. LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION!!! New Brunswick musicians made history in May of 1907 at the Nickel Theatre in Saint John. They were the first to accompany silent moving pictures in North America. Film mogul Louis B. Mayer grew up in Saint John.

The port city has been home to several Hollywood legends, including distinguished actors Walter Pidgeon and Donald Sutherland-star of the Academy Award winning film Ordinary People. TAKE COVER! The world's longest covered bridge was completed in Hartland in 1899. It's 390 metres ( 1,282 feet ) long and spans the Saint John River. There are 62 covered bridges in the province. Many of them are in the Sussex area of Kings County- the Covered Bridge Capital of Atlantic Canada. Be sure to make a wish as you drive through. (Oh, and ask one of the locals to tell you why covered bridges are called Kissing Bridges) ! FOOD GLORIOUS FOOD The world's biggest lobster "lives" in Shediac, but unfortunately he doesn't breathe. It's 10.5 metres ( 35 feet ) long, 4.5 metres ( 15 feet ) high and weighs 90 tons! And you can climb on him. Oh my homard! BIGGEST BAR NONE! The Eel River Bar, near Dalhousie on the Acadian Coastal Drive, is one of the longest natural sandbars in North America.

Fresh water laps its shores on one side, salt water on the other. Talk about spin cycles. OLD SOW! The largest tidal whirlpool in the Western Hemisphere lies off the shores of Deer Island off the southwestern mainland. It's called the Old Sow. FOR PEAT'S SAKE! Next time you plant in your garden, read the label on the bag of peat moss. More than likely, it says: " Made in New Brunswick." As the second largest peat exporter in the world, the largest share of Canada's peat moss comes from the northeastern area of the province which we refer to as the Acadian Peninsula. The region's moist climate and flat terrain make it an ideal spot for harvesting peat. Every July, the people from Lamèque celebrate the harvest during the Peat Moss Festival. Be sure to visit and see how harvesters and their families decorate their properties with bales of peat. "CYMBALYLY" FANTASTIC! The cymbal factory in Meductic is one of the first in North America. Musicians in over 80 countries play New Brunswick-made Sabian cymbals.

Drummers for Eric Clapton, Phil Collins and Billy Joel, as well as percussionists with the Boston, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Cleveland and New York Philharmonic Symphony Orchestras won't venture on stage without their Sabian cymbals. CHOCOLATE! Arthur Ganong returned from fishing expeditions with a sticky gooey mess in his pockets. It seems that Arthur, the son of the founder of Ganongs Chocolates of St. Stephen, had a sweet tooth and would never leave on a fishing trip without a handful of chocolates in his pockets. In 1910 tired of cleaning up the melted mess, young Arthur began wrapping his chocolates in a tin foil. Soon after, Ganongs made individually-wrapped bars of chocolate and sold them for a nickel. They became the world's first chocolate bar! ROADSIDE ATTRACTIONS! Nackawic has an axe to grind. It's 15 metres ( 50 feet ) high, making it the biggest in the world. You'll find the gigantic axe in the town which depends on the logging industry for its survival just off the Trans- Canada Highway on the River Valley Scenic Drive.

WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND Today, mahogany is one of the most expensive woods available, but in New Brunswick during the 19th century, it was actually one of the least expensive woods! Because of its heaviness, mahogany was used as ballast below the deck of sailing ships arriving at New Brunswick's many ports. The wood was then discarded dock side into the waiting hands of local furniture makers. HOT SEAT ? Wait til you hear this one. In November 1789, it seems that respected Saint John lawyer Ward Chipman received a bason stand and table specially crafted by Alexander Ross and James Hunter of Fredericton. Letters between Chipman and Hunter & Ross were found discussing details of the furniture's shipping and so on. However, the return address on one letter bears the name of Fredericton Prison. It seems Ross and Hunter were jailed for debt and the furniture was part of their payment to Chipman for legal fees. A chair made for another one of Hunter & Ross' creditors is on display at the New Brunswick Museum in Saint John. DOWNTOWN IS ACTUALLY UPTOWN Check those brakes! Saint John has the steepest main street in Canada.

King Street has an 8 per cent grade. In other words, over the distance of two city blocks, the street rises 80 feet ( roughly the height of an eight-storey building ). So it's no wonder people in Saint John go " uptown " to do their shopping. Oops! DID WE SAY SQUARE ? Despite the name, King Square is not square. It's rectangular, like a flag. In fact, if you were to hitch a ride with one of the pigeons near the bandstand, you'd see the pathways are designed to look like the Union Jack. Just a little reminder of our Loyalist roots. A RIVER RUNS BACKWARDS At low tide, watch the Saint John River crash through a narrow gorge and tumble into the harbour. Come back at high tide and watch the same river go the other way. Serious Folks! The Bay of Fundy's incredible tides are too strong for the mighty Saint John River, forcing the waters to flow upstream twice a day, every day. Something to see with your own eyes to believe. AWESOME!!! PREMIERS SINCE CONFEDERATION Andrew R.

Wetmore · Confederation Party 1867-1870 George King · Conservative 1870-1871 George L. Hatheway · Conservative 1871-1872 George King · Conservative 1872-1878 John James Fraser · Conservative 1878-1882 Daniel Hanington · Conservative 1882-1883 William Pugsley · Liberal March-April 1907 Clifford Robinson · Liberal 1907-1908 John Douglas Hazen · Conservative 1908-1911 James K. Flemming · Conservative 1911-1914 George J. Clarke · Conservative 1914-1917 James A. Murray · Conservative February-April 1917 Walter Foster · Liberal 1917-1923 Peter J. Véniot · Liberal 1923-1925 John Baxter · Conservative 1925-1931 Charles D.

Richards · Conservative 1931-1933 Leonard Percy Tilley · Conservative 1933-1935 Allison Dysart · Liberal 1935-1940 John B. McNair · Liberal 1940-1952 Hugh John Flemming · Conservative 1952-1960 Louis J. Robichaud · Liberal 1960-1970 Richard B. Hatfield · Conservative 1970-1987 Frank J. McKenna · Liberal 1987-1997 Camille Thériault · Liberal 1998-1999 Lieutenant-Governors of New Brunswick Pre-Confederation Colonel Thomas Carleton (1735-1817) Born in Ireland. Appointed 20 May 1786 at age 51 until his death in England 2 February 1817. Major General George Stracey Smyth (1767-1823) Born in England.

Appointed 1 July 1817 at age 50 until his death in Government House on 27 March 1823. Sir Howard Douglas (1776-1861) Born in England. Appointed 28 August 1824 at age 47 until 8 September 1831. Major General Sir Archibald Campbell (1769-1843) Born in England. Appointed 9 September 1831 at age 62 until 1 May 1837. Sir John Harvey (1778-1852) Born in England. Appointed 1 May 1837 at age 59 until 26 April 1841. Sir William MacBean George Colebrooke (1787-1870) Born in England. Appointed 27 April 1841 at age 54 until 11 April 1848. Sir Edmund Walker Head (1805-1868) Born in England.

Appointed 11 April 1848 at age 43 until 28 September 1854. Sir John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton (1814-1877) Born in England. Appointed 7 October 1854 at age 40 until 26 October 1861. Sir Arthur Hamilton Gordon (1829-1912) Born in England. Appointed 26 October 1861 at age 32 until 30 September 1866. Post-Confederation Major General Sir Charles Hastings Doyle (1804-1883) Born in England. Appointed 1 July 1867 at age 63 until 18 October 1867. Colonel Francis Pym Harding (1821-1875) Born in England. Appointed 18 October 1867 at age 46 until 22 July 1868. The Hon. Lemuel Allan Wilmot (1821-1875) Born in Sunbury County, New Brunswick.

Appointed 23 July 1868 at age 57 until 15 November 1873. Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley (1818-1896) Born in Gagetown, New Brunswick. Appointed 15 November 1873 at age 55 until 11 July 1878. The Hon. Edward Barron Chandler (1800-1880) Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia. Appointed 16 July 1878 at age 78 until his death in Government House 6 February 1880. The Hon. Robert Duncan Wilmot (1809-1891) Born in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Appointed 11 February 1880 at age 71 until 11 November 1885. Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley (1818-1896) Born in Gagetown, New Brunswick. Re-appointed 31 October 1885 at age 67 until 21 September 1893. The Hon.

John Boyd (1826-1893) Born in Ireland. Appointed 21 September 1893 at age 68 until his death (in office) 4 December 1893. The Hon. John James Fraser (1829-1896) Born in Beaubears Island, New Brunswick. Appointed 20 December 1893 at age 64 until his death (in office) in Genoa, Italy 24 November 1896. The Hon. Abner Reid McClelan (1831-1917) Born at Hopewell, New Brunswick. Appointed 9 December 1896 at age 65 until 21 January 1902. The Hon. Jabez Bunting Snowball (1837-1907) Born in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. Appointed 28 January 1902 at age 65 until his death (in office) 24 February 1907. The Hon.

Lemuel John Tweedie (1849-1917) Born in Chatham, New Brunswick. Appointed 5 March 1907 at age 58 until 6 March 1912. The Hon. Josiah Wood (1843-1927) Born in Sackville, New Brunswick. Appointed 6 March 1912 at age 69 until 29 June 1917. The Hon. Gilbert White Ganong (1851-1917) Born in Springfield, New Brunswick. Appointed 29 June 1917 at age 66 until his death (in office) 31 October 1917. The Hon. William Pugsley (1850-1925) Born in Sussex, New Brunswick. Appointed 6 November 1917 at age 67 until 28 February 1923. The Hon. William Frederic Todd (1854-1935) Born in St. Stephen, New Brunswick.

Appointed 28 February 1923 at age 69 until 28 December 1928. Major General the Hon. Hugh Havelock McLean (1854-1938) Born in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Appointed 28 December 1928 at age 66 until 31 January 1935. Colonel the Hon. Murray MacLaren (1861-1942) Born in Richibucto, New Brunswick. Appointed 8 February 1935 at age 74 until 5 March 1940. The Hon. William George Clark (1865-1948) Born in Queensbury, New Brunswick. Appointed 5 March 1940 at age 75 until 1 November 1945. The Hon. David Laurence MacLaren (1893-1960) Born in Saint John, New Brunswick. Appointed 1 November 1945 at age 52 until 5 June 1958. The Hon.

Joseph Leonard O'Brien (1895-1973) Born in South Nelson, New Brunswick. Appointed 22 May 1958 at age 63 until 9 June 1965. The Hon. John Babbit McNair (1889-1968) Born in Andover, New Brunswick. Appointed 9 June 1965 at age 76 until 31 January 1968. The Hon. Wallace Samuel Bird (1917-1971) Born in Marysville, New Brunswick. Appointed 1 February 1968 at age 51 until his death (in office) 2 October 1971. The Hon. Hédard Joseph Robichaud (1911-1999). Born in Shippagan, New Brunswick. Appointed 8 October 1971 at age 60 until 12 November 1981. The Hon. George Francis Gillman Stanley (1907-2002) Born in Calgary, Alberta.

Appointed 23 December 1981 at age 74 until 20 August 1987. The Hon. Gilbert Finn (1920-) Born in Inkerman, New Brunswick. Appointed 14 August 1987 at age 66 until 21 June 1994. The Hon. Margaret Norrie McCain (1934-) Born in Amos, Quebec. Appointed 21 June 1994 at age 60 until 18 April 1997. The Hon. Marilyn Trenholme Counsell (1933-) Born in Baie Verte, New Brunswick. Appointed 18 April 1997 at age 63 until 26 Aug. 2003. The Hon. Herménégilde Chiasson (1946 - ). Born in Saint-Simon, New Brunswick. Appointed on Aug. 26, 2003 at age 57. SIGNIFICANT DATES IN HISTORY 1534 - Jacques Cartier explores the coast of New Brunswick, sailing into and naming the Bay of Chaleur.

1604 - The French attempt their first settlement in North America, on St.Croix Island. 1635 - Charles de la Tour is granted large tract of land which includes Saint John Harbour. 1654 - Nicholas Denys receives commission as Governor of Acadia. 1713 - Treaty of Utrecht awards Acadia to Britain. 1751 - Fort Beauséjour is built by the French to challenge British claims on Acadia. 1755 - Fort Beauséjour is captured and renamed Fort Cumberland. 1755 - The order for the deportation of the Acadians if proclaimed. 1760 - The Battle of Restigouche, the last battle between France and Britain for possession of Canada, is waged. 1764 - Exiled Acadians are permitted to return to Nova Scotia. 1765 - Colonial government grants over half a million acres (200 000 ha) of Maliseet lands to settlers. 1783 - 7000 Loyalists land at Parr Town (Saint John). 1784 - The Province of New Brunswick is established. 1785 - Saint John becomes the first incorporated city in Canada.

1786 - The first legislature opens in Saint John. 1800 - Kings College (now University of New Brunswick) is founded. 1812 - Napoleonic Wars give tremendous boost to New Brunswick's timber industry. 1815 - 500 former slaves from the United States arrive at Saint John and settle in Loch Lomond. 1820 - The Bank of New Brunswick, the first chartered bank in Canada, is established. 1825 - The Great Miramichi Fire, which rages for nearly three weeks, leaves over 15,000 people homeless. 1826 - Saint John creates the first paid police force in Canada. 1842 - Boundary between Maine and New Brunswick settled by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty. 1854 - New Brunswick gets responsible government. 1864 - Collège Saint-Joseph opens in Memramcook. 1867 - New Brunswick enters Confederation. 1867 - First issue of Le Moniteur Acadien, first French-language newspaper in the Maritimes, is published. 1870 - Canada's first YWCA is opened in Saint John.

1875 - Grace Annie Lockhart becomes the first woman in the British Empire awarded a Bachelor's degree, from Mount Allison University. 1875 - Two men die in the Caraquet Riots over Common Schools Act. 1876 - Intercolonial Railway from New Brunswick to Montreal is completed. 1877 - The Great Fire in Saint John leaves 15,000 people homeless. 1881 - First Acadian Congress is held in Memramcook. 1884 - Acadian national flag is adopted. 1888 - Enterprise Foundry starts manufacturing stoves in Sackville. 1910 - Chocolate bar invented by Ganong brothers in St. Stephen. 1912 - Édouard LeBlanc becomes first Acadian appointed Bishop in New Brunswick. 1918 - New Brunswick creates first Department of Health in Canada. 1919 - New Brunswick women win the right to vote in provincial elections. 1927 - The Maritimes Freight Rates Act reduces rail freight rates for the Maritime Provinces. 1929 - CFBO Radio in New Brunswick hosts fiddler Don Messer's first broadcast.

1930 - Hopewell native R. B. Bennett becomes prime minister of Canada. 1932 - The Royal Canadian Mounted Police assume the policing of New Brunswick. 1935 - Charles G. D. Roberts becomes the first Canadian poet to be knighted. 1938 - New Brunswick Labour Bill guarantees worker's right to form and join unions. 1944 - New Brunswick's North Shore Regiment lands at St.-Aubain, France, as part of the D-Day invasion. 1952 - A major lead-zinc deposit is discovered near Bathurst. 1960 - Louis Robichaud is the first Acadian elected premier of New Brunswick. 1963 - The Université de Moncton is founded. 1965 - New Brunswick's provincial flag is adopted. 1969 - Official Languages Act makes New Brunswick Canada's only bilingual province. 1970 - Richard Hatfield is elected Premier. 1971 - Hédard Joseph Robichaud becomes the first Acadian Lieutenant Governor. 1973 - Ron Turcotte of Grand Falls wins horse racing's Triple Crown riding the legendary Secretariat.

1979 - Antonine Maillet, Acadian author of La Sagouine and Pélagie-la-Charrette, wins the French Prix Goncourt. 1987 - The Liberal Party wins all 58 seats in the New Brunswick Legislature. 1992 - New Brunswick's status as a bilingual province is enshrined in the Canadian Constitution. 1993 - Agreement to build a bridge between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island is signed. 1994 - Congrès Mondial Acadian (Acadian World Congress) is held in southeast New Brunswick.

FUN FACTS ABOUT NEW BRUNSWICK Highest, wildest tides in the world Warmest saltwater beaches north of Virginia Legendary salmon angling on the world-famous Miramichi River More kinds of whales more often that anywhere else Michias Seal Island (in the Bay of Fundy) is home to 900 pairs of breeding Atlantic puffins Kings County is the Covered bridge capital of Canada Walk the Ocean Floor One of the world's largest whirlpools, the Old Sow, is seen off of Deer Island Eastern seaboard's newest scenic drive touring network Mount Carleton is the Maritime's highest peak Outdoor adventure second to none New Brunswick Winters are Pure White Gold More than 900 kilometers of cross-country ski trails 6,000 kilometers of unbelievable snowmobile trails Annual snowfalls from 200 to 400 centimeters One of the longest snowmobile seasons south of the Arctic including early spring Best snow conditions in Atlantic Canada With the best snowfall in the Maritimes...you're guaranteed a great time, every time.

Bright light in the Atlantic salmon world 50 smallmouth a day in prime time Fishing boats bobbing along the wharf and six hours later sitting on the ocean floor The Appalachian Range, North America's oldest mountains New Brunswick Facts New Brunswick Facts Key Facts About the Province of New Brunswick, Canada New Brunswick - Grand Manan Island, Bay of Fundy. Lonely Planet Images / Getty Images Updated: 12/29/2014 About the Province of New Brunswick One of the original provinces of Canada, New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province in Canada. This eastern seaside province is the largest of the three Canadian Maritime provinces and has eight major cities, including Fredericton, its capital. Location of New Brunswick The province of New Brunswick is located between the state of Maine on the west and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Northumberland Strait and Nova Scotia on the east, and between Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula and Chaleur Bay on the north and Chignecto Bay, the Isthmus of Chignecto which connects New Brunswick to Nova Scotia, and the Bay of Fundy on the south.

Province of New Brunswick | Article about Province of New Brunswick by The Free Dictionary Province of New Brunswick | Article about Province of New Brunswick by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Acronyms , Wikipedia . New Brunswick, city (1990 pop. 41,711), seat of Middlesex co., central N.J., on the Raritan River; settled 1681, inc. as a city 1784. Originally developed as a commercial center (especially for collecting and shipping grain), New Brunswick manufactures pharmaceuticals, electrical and transportation equipment, and medical and surgical supplies. The city is the seat of Rutgers Univ. and New Brunswick Theological Seminary. Washington, retreating from New York, stayed one week in New Brunswick in 1776. Joyce Kilmer Kilmer, Joyce, 1886–1918, American poet, b. New Brunswick, N.J., educated at Rutgers College and Columbia (B.A., 1908). He is known chiefly for his poem "Trees," in Trees and Other Poems (1914). ..... Click the link for more information. was born there.

The former Camp Kilmer, an important base during World War II and the Korean War, is now part of the Rutgers campus. New Brunswick, province (2001 pop. 729,498), 28,345 sq mi (73,433 sq km), including 519 sq mi (1,345 sq km) of water surface, E Canada. Geography One of the Maritime Provinces, New Brunswick is bounded on the N by Chaleur Bay and Quebec prov.; on the E by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Northumberland Strait (across which it is connected by bridge with Prince Edward Island), and Nova Scotia; on the S by the Bay of Fundy and Passamaquoddy Bay; and on the W by Maine. Its irregular coastline provides excellent facilities for fishing and shipping enterprises. Rivers cross the rolling countryside; they were the first means of transportation and are still important arteries of travel and commerce. The largest river, the St. John, crosses the province from northwest to southeast; the Miramichi River flows northeasterly and drains the central lowlands. Most of the roads parallel the rivers.

New Brunswick's forests are still filled with bear, deer, and moose, and the rivers abound in trout and salmon, although pollution from paper mills has reduced the salmon population. Summer residences, many owned by Americans, are concentrated in the south around Passamaquoddy Bay. Natural attractions include the Grand Falls on the upper reaches of the St. John as well as the spectacular Fundy tides—the highest in the world, sometimes surging to over 50 ft (15 m). The tides in turn cause the Reversing Falls at St. John and the "Bore," a twice-daily wave moving up the Petitcodiac River. They have also sculpted the Hopewell Rocks, another tourist attraction. Fredericton Fredericton, city (1991 pop. 46,466), provincial capital, S central N.B., Canada, on the St. John River. It is a commercial, administrative, and academic center with some light manufactures. ..... Click the link for more information. is the capital and the third largest city. The largest city is Saint John Saint John, city (1991 pop.

74,969), S N.B., Canada, at the mouth of the St. John River on the Bay of Fundy. A major year-round port, it has an excellent harbor, large dry docks, and terminal facilities and maintains extensive shipping connections with Europe, North and South ..... Click the link for more information. , the second largest Moncton Moncton , city (1991 pop. 57,010), SE N.B., Canada, on the Petitcodiac River. Although its rail repair yards were closed in 1988, it is an air and rail transportation center and a road hub for the Maritimes. ..... Click the link for more information. . About half the population lives in urban areas. Economy and Higher Education Dairying in New Brunswick thrives on fine pasturage; the major crops are potatoes, hay, clover, oats, berries, and fruit. A careful conservation program maintains a supply of second-growth hardwoods and softwoods; forests cover about 90% of the total area, and lumbering is New Brunswick's most important industry. Great quantities of pulpwood and paper are produced.

Manufacturing has greatly expanded since World War II; in addition to wood, pulp, and paper, products include food and beverages, boats and ships, chemicals, refined oil, and shoes. Industry is generally run by hydroelectric power, although the province has coal reserves. There is a nuclear reactor at Point Lepreau. Mining is important, with zinc, silver, and lead the most important minerals. Other minerals include copper, bismuth, cadmium, gold, antimony, potash, oil, and natural gas. New Brunswick's fisheries are among the most valuable in Canada, with a variety of freshwater and saltwater fish (salmon, herring, and sardines) as well as shellfish (lobsters, oysters, and clams). Trade flows in and out of the ports of St. John and Moncton, facilitated by railroad connections eastward to Nova Scotia and westward to Quebec. Tourism, one of New Brunswick's most important industries, is spurred by Acadian cultural events and by such outdoor attractions as Fundy National Park. The only officially bilingual province, New Brunswick has also developed an important telecommunications industry in recent years. The province's four universities are Mount Allison Univ., at Sackville; St.

Thomas Univ., at Fredericton; the Univ. de Moncton, a major francophone institution at Moncton; and the Univ. of New Brunswick, at Fredericton and Saint John. History and Politics The Micmac, an indigenous people whose settlements stretched along the coast from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island to the S Gaspé Peninsula, lived here when the first European—said to have been the Portuguese navigator Estevão Gomes (1525), although Basque fishermen may have preceded him—sailed along the coast. Jacques Cartier landed at Point Escuminac in 1534 and skirted the shores of Miramichi Bay. The first, short-lived European settlement was made in 1604 at the mouth of the St. Croix River (on Dochet Island, at the Maine border) by Champlain and the sieur de Monts. France and England made conflicting territorial claims on the region, which, combining the present province of Nova Scotia and the coast of New Brunswick, was called Acadia Acadia , Fr.

Acadie, region and former French colony, E Canada, encompassing modern Nova Scotia but also New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and coastal areas of E Maine. After an abortive 1604 settlement of St. ..... Click the link for more information. by the French and Nova Scotia by the British. British control was confirmed by the Peace of Utrecht (1713–14). Doubting the loyalty of the Acadians, the British expelled them in 1755, although many fled into the interior, which was still effectively controlled by the French. Others sought refuge in the American colonies or returned to France. (Today about 35% of the people of New Brunswick are Acadians, and the province is a center of Acadian culture.) Great Britain took possession of the rest of New Brunswick when it gained all of Canada after the French and Indian Wars (see The Treaty of 1763 under Paris, Treaty of Paris, Treaty of, any of several important treaties, signed at or near Paris, France. The Treaty of 1763 The Treaty of Paris of Feb. 10, 1763, was signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain. .....

Click the link for more information. ). When the population of Nova Scotia was increased by many thousands of Loyalists who fled New England after the American Revolution, New Brunswick was organized (1784) into a separate colony. As trees were cut down for shipbuilding, the land was cleared for farming. By the middle of the 19th cent. settlement was extending into the interior, and St. John was a busy port and shipbuilding town. Dissatisfaction with the arbitrary rule of the provincial governor resulted in the achievement of responsible (or cabinet) government in 1849. In 1867, under the British North America Act, federation with the other provinces into the dominion of Canada was somewhat reluctantly accepted. In 1960, Louis J. Robichaud, leader of the Liberal party, was the first Acadian to become premier of New Brunswick. He organized a program of equal opportunity, redistributing income to the poorer north, proposing new economic development, and instituting bilingual services to accommodate the province's steadily growing francophone population. The Progressive Conservative party came into power in 1970 under Richard Bennett Hatfield, who continued many of the programs begun by Robichaud.

In 1987, in an unprecedented sweep, Liberals won all 58 House seats and named Frank McKenna premier. The Liberals retained power until 1999, when the Progressive Conservatives, under Bernard Lord, returned to power. Lord secured a second term in 2003, but the Liberals, led by Shawn Graham, won in 2006. In 2010 the Liberals lost, and Progressive Conservative leader David Alward became premier; four years later the Liberals, led by Brian Gallant, won the election. New Brunswick sends 10 senators and 10 representatives to the national parliament. Bibliography See W. S. MacNutt, New Brunswick: A History, 1784–1867 (1963) and New Brunswick and its People (1966); G. Wynn, Timber Colonies (1981); J. Daigle, ed., The Acadians of the Maritimes (1982). New Brunswick Parks

Question: What is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick?
Answer: Fredericton