TOM DOLIGALE COLLECTION TOM DOLIGALE COLLECTION ~ ALWAYS IN PURSUIT OF GREAT GLASS ~ © 2007 ~ TOM DOLIGALES ~ UDOLPHO WOLFE'S SCHIEDAM AROMATIC SCHNAPPS COLLECTION IT WITH GREAT SADNESS THAT I REPORT THE PASSING OF TOM, HE WAS A FRIEND AND I WILL MISS THE CORRESPONDENCE WE SHARED. I WILL BE LEAVING THIS PAGE IN MEMORY OF TOM AND THE PASSION HE HAD FOR OUR HOBBY AND LIFE ITSELF. THE BOTTLE COLLECTING COMMUNITY LOST ONE OF ITS BEST AND HE WILL BE MISSED BY ALL WHO HAD THE PLEASURE OF KNOWING HIM. THE BOTTLES LISTED BELOW ARE FROM THE COLLECTION OF TOM DOLIGALE, AN AUTHORITY AND TOP COLLECTOR OF UDOLPHO WOLFE'S BOTTLES.

I THOUGHT THAT WITH ALL THE QUESTIONS I RECEIVE ABOUT THE UDOLPHO WOLFE BOTTLES AND THE COMPANY THAT A PAGE WOULD BE THE WAY TO GO AND IF YOUR GOING TO MAKE A PAGE ON UDOLPHO WOLFE'S....TOM'S COLLECTION IS WHERE TO LOOK IN MY OPINION. I WILL BE ADDING FURTHER INFORMATION AS I FIND IT. I FEEL HONORED THAT TOM ALLOWED ME TO SHARE THIS WITH YOU. THE PIECE ON THE RIGHT WAS A GIFT TO TOM FROM HIS FRIEND DAVE KAM WHILE IN THE HOSPITAL, TOM MENTIONED HOW MUCH IT MEANT TO HIM AND I APPRECIATE DAVE SHARING IT.

Udolpho Wolfe was a well-known New York gin importer; he dabbled in local politics, and was from a well-connected Virginia family (his father was a friend of President James Monroe).Wolfe's Schnapps was not a frivolous beverage, but a "medicinal gin." It was said to be a good diuretic, a cure for "abdominal dropsy" and other ills.Udolpho Wolfe's Schnapps was a dry gin marketed in America between 1841 and 1871. Schnapps was a gin invented in Schiedam by a Dutch professor seeking a diuretic to help kidney functioning. It was originally sold as medicine in apothecaries, and then English soldiers brought it back to England where it became a favorite of the working class. TOM AND HIS BEAUTIFUL BRIDE, STEPHANIE ~ UDOLPHO WOLFE'S SCHIEDAM AROMATIC SCHNAPPS~A BRIEF HISTORY ~ The undersigned has been an importer of Wines, Brandies, and other foreign liquors, for more than twenty-five years, in the city of New-York.

In the course of that period, he has become interested in the manufacture of Gin, at Schiedam, in Holland. From this connection, he became acquainted with the improved processes of manufacture which had given to that peculiar variety of Holland Gin its transcendent reputation throughout the world. But the article itself, in its genuine quality as imported, was almost as rare, in this country at least, as it was everywhere renowned. Its high price had caused it to be almost universally adulterated, by cheap distillations and destructive drugs, the moment it was transferred from the importer's cellars to those of the retail dealer. And this was but a single phase of the multifarious impositions to which the public had become subjected, in relation to this esteemed commodity. In common with French Brandies and "Wines, of high repute and cost, it was actually imported impure?that is to say, grossly inferior liquors, drugged to resemble it, were imported under the same name.

Not only was there a nefarious trade, conducted systematically, in the old casks and Custom House certificates of the genuine product, to make them the fraudulent vehicles and guaranties of the vilest home-made concoctions, but the import trade itself-had become so prostituted as to pander, quite generally, to a wholesale imposition. THE FIRST CRISIS. But no evil of similar enormity to this, undermining the health of the community at large, and multiplying its victims on every side, can long pursue its destructive career without developing a public crisis. The medical men of the country were naturally the first to perceive the depth and prevalence of the evil, and they united with every enlightened friend of humanity to deplore and denounce it. In their hands, however, it never became a theme of extravagant and fanatical excitement, over-leaping all rational and judicious boundaries, but of grave and practical consideration.

Their education and experience alike assured them that, in many cases of prostration from illness, as well as of constitutional debility, there were no known nor conceivable remedies that could be successfully substituted for vinous and stimulating beverages; while, in some peculiar forms of disease, both acute and chronic, the renowned Gin of Schiedam had an established and specific efficacy which nothing could replace, and to which no other could pretend. It was not alleged by the medical profession that such beverages had contributed, in any degree whatever, to the vice of intoxication and its diseases, which the common liquors had caused to abound; but, on the contrary, that they could nowhere be reliably procured, even for medicinal purposes, nor for judicious and salutary use, however urgently required. Upon a numerous class of minds, less competently educated and well balanced, the prevalent evil produced a crisis of social and political fanaticism, and demonstrations of legislative tyranny, wholly unprecedented in the history of modern civilization.

It was not because the American people were either more averse or more addicted to stimulating liquors, than other nations of mankind, that such formidable multitudes rushed to those extravagant extremes of coercive abstinence and despotic philanthropy which have latterly made the popular legislation of this country, upon this subject, so great a paradox to the world; but it was simply because this country, above all others, labored under the intolerable evil of base and pernicious liquors, everywhere used as popular beverages. It is to this source, and to this alone, that we must look, and that the future historian will refer, for the true cause of these social phenomena, so anomalous in the character of a republican and liberal people. THE REMEDY INTRODUCED. Accordingly, in the year 1848, he commenced an unusually extensive importation of the purest and most improved Holland Gin that the chemical science and skillful experience of the celebrated establishment at Schiedam had ever produced; and he made arrangements for supplying it to the public by a method, better calculated than any heretofore adopted, to prevent its adulteration and imitation by the retail dealer. 1st.

The article itself was so eminently superior in taste, smell, appreciable purity, and cordial effects, as to ensure its distinct recognition, above every other, by any person of ordinary discernment or experience. This striking superiority was effected by special business engagements for the choicest possible selection of the materials from which it was to be made, and by the introduction of improved processes of manufacture, unknown to any other establishment in the world. The soundest and brightest barley that could be procured from the best districts of Europe, was alone accepted for this purpose. An elaborate series of repeated rectifications and anhydrous tests, never before adopted upon an extensive scale, insured it a matchless and perfect purity, hitherto unattainable in any distillation; while the happy selection of a peculiarly delicate and delicious variety of the Italian juniper berry, previously used only in medical prescriptions and some few rare cordials, gave it at once a flavor, an aroma, and a medicinal value, with which no other can compare. 2d. In its denomination as "wolfe's Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps," it received a distinctive name and trade-mark, the counterfeiting or fraudulent imitation of which is a penal offence.

3d. By advertisements and circulars published throughout the Union, and specially addressed to the medical and chemical faculty of the country, it was confidently submitted to the severest tests that medical judgment and chemical analysis could apply. Indeed, such tests were earnestly solicited, in order that the qualities claimed for it might be established by the highest possible authorities, or at once disproved by evidence of which its proprietor was ignorant. And it should be remembered that this bold challenge was offered at a period of public excitement, on the subject of alcoholic beverages, in which fair treatment, from the great multitude of violent opponents, was scarcely to be expected. 4th. It was not sold by the cask or gallon, like other imported liquors, but in order to insure it pure to the retail purchaser, and for medical and domestic use, it was put up in pint or quart bottles, having its title embossed in the glass, and covered with labels and envelopes descriptive of its character and properties, and bearing a facsimile of the proprietor's signature. ITS RECEPTION AND CELEBRITY. Its reception, by the public at large, will ever be regarded as memorable in mercantile history.

As the medical profession, however, was the first to deplore and denounce the pernicious liquors which, up to this period, were alone to be obtained, and the effects of which had produced social and political convulsions of the most alarming aspect, so, be it recorded to the honor of the enlightened and independent character of that profession, it was the first to recognize and appreciate a substitute which they justly regarded as being the most effectual remedy for the popular evils those vile liquors had produced, that the Genius of Temperance herself could have devised. More than three thousand letters of congratulation, of encouragement, of approval, of unreserved endorsement, and of generous encomium, were received by the undersigned, from members of that profession alone, within the first year or two of that adventurous enterprise. Free permission was given to publish these testimonials by physicians, too illustrious in reputation to heed the frowns of a mortified and mistaken fanaticism, and too intent upon the great duty of promoting the public welfare, to shrink from the annoyances that duty might involve.

Pharmaceutical chemists, of profound acquirements, voluntarily undertook the task of testing the asserted purity and properties of the newly-renowned beverage, and hesitated not to announce the complete verification of them which elaborate analysis had established. The popular results were probably not greater than the intelligence of the popular mind, in this country, would have warranted a thoughtful calculation to predict, but they were certainly far greater than the proprietor himself had presumed to expect. The Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps was sought for by individuals, by associations, by public institutions, and by mercantile agencies, alike from the remotest sections of the country, and from the most populous and commercial. No better proof could have been offered of the villainous character of the alcoholic compounds previously in use, and of the high qualities of the pure and delightful beverage that could now be obtained instead. Its sale has continued to extend, in a rapidly accelerating ratio, to the present hour; and, aided by the new circumstances under which it is now to be offered to the public, it cannot fail to become the refined national beverage, to the exclusion of all the low liquors hitherto so generally consumed, and so deleterious and demoralizing in their effects.

THE SECOND CRISIS.-THE EXPOSITION. The sudden and signal triumph of this pure production, over the whole host of diabolical distillations and compounds with which it came in conflict, created the utmost consternation among the great fraternity of liquor-mixers and adulterators who had so long pursued their unscrupulous trade with impunity, and no expedient was deemed too desperate or too vile to be employed as a weapon of resistance. The hostile feelings thus naturally aroused, were aggravated to the highest degree by a pamphlet published by the undersigned, in 1851, entitled "An Exposition of Prevalent Impositions and Adulterations, Practised 'by unprincipled dealers in "Wines and Liquors; respectfully addressed to the Physicians, Apothecaries, Druggists, and Hotel-Keepers of the United States," and of which 50,000 copies were demanded in a few months. In this "Exposition," the sword of fearless reform was fairly drawn, and the scabbard thrown away.

Nothing that the Temperance Societies had published, for the previous twenty years, was so calculated to open the eyes of the community to the dangers, and, indeed, the inevitable consequences of an indiscriminate use of even the "best liquors," falsely so called, that could be procured. But those societies, instead of being gratified with these startling disclosures, as fairly auxiliary to their cause, regarded them'with sulky suspicion and dissatisfaction, because the inferences which the writer had drawn from them, and the practical conclusions which he had suggested, did not come up to the exclusive and proscriptive standard to which they were committed. They accordingly united with the liquor-mixers in decrying the pure and useful commodity which he had introduced to supplant the bad. Disagreeing in everything else, these new allies found it quite convenient to agree in declaring that the renowned "Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps" was "nothing but common gin, which could be bought any where, as it always had been bought," forgetting all the while that, if this were really the case, they need not give themselves any further trouble upon the subject, as the public would find it out as well and as soon as they.

But it happened that the public were not slow in discovering exactly the reverse of this coalition allegation; were rapidly discovering that it was a very uncommon kind of gin?so very uncommon, indeed, that they never had the good fortune to meet with any thing like it, or to be compared with it, before. Then speedily came along the chemical and medical explanation of the mystery. The public never had met with any thing like it before, simply because none like it, or equal to it, had ever before been made! Chemical analysis, voluntarily undertaken and published for the public good, "to expose deceptive pretensions, if deceptive they were, and to corroborate an inestimable improvement, if it had really been made," settled the question of its superiority, by elucidating, in detail, its striking distinctive differences, as already above described.

"I resolved," says one eminent chemist, "to inform medical men, at least, for the sake of the public at large, of the results of my investigation, whether they proved favorable or otherwise to the character of the article or the interests of its proprietor;" and it is well known that, after describing every successive step of the analysis, and stating each particular result, he added, "Accordingly, I feel bound to say that I regard this gin as being in every respect preeminently pure, and deserving of medical patronage." THE NEW COALITION NON-PLUSSED AND DISSOLVED. The numerous testimonials, to the same effect, which successively appeared, from the very highest professional authorities, having rendered the distinction between the Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps and "common gin," too broad to be effectually disputed, the late alliance of the liquor-mixers and total-abstinents was considerably non-plussed, and the new system of tactics, which it became necessary to pursue, rendered the coalition inconvenient.

The liquor-mixers found it expedient to take a very short turn in their policy; they resolved to unite with the medical and chemical faculty in extolling the very article they had previously denounced as "common and unclean," because they had resolved to counterfeit it, imitate it, and get up other articles of similar pretensions. The Temperance Societies, (erroneously so designated,) alarmed and confounded, from day to day, at able articles, in their own public organs, making a just and rational distinction between the pure and the impure liquors thus openly in competition, and hesitating not to indicate a marked exception in favor of the Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps, were driven back from the coalition ground of "common gin," to their old, but equally preposterous position of "common poison." THE RESPECTIVE POSITIONS OF THE HOSTILE FORCES These societies it will be remembered, bad long and wildly denounced every beverage but that of the brute creation as essentially poisonous in all quantities, and under all possible circumstances. It was nothing to them that medical testimony, and the experience of mankind, in all ages and nations, refuted the absurd assumption.

It sufficed for them to be fortified with the argument of the celebrated temperance lecturer?that such was their theory, and if it disagreed with the facts, why so much the worse for the facts. Upon this impudent dogma, and upon this alone, did they hoist their boasted banner of reform. It is, therefore, unnecessary to say that their labors and objects have proved to be as impracticable as the position they assumed was untenable and absurd. The undersigned having resolved to be useful in practice rather than novel in theory, no longer regarded the temperance branch of his opponents as formidable enemies. On the, contrary, so far as they concurred with him in deprecating the use of the pernicious liquids popularly consumed, he was willing to regard them as auxiliaries and friends. Since he merely advocated the substitution of good liquors for bad, and the moderate use even of the former, as an invariable rule, it was of little moment to him that they denounced even the most moderate and temperate use of pure and invigorating beverages as "a system of suicide," so long as the victims, juries, and coroners, were assembled only in the chambers of the imagination.

Believing that mankind would persist in imbibing agreeable and cheering beverages to the end of time, as they had done from the beginning, he cherished no other theory of reform than was suggested and sustained by the statistics and living evidence of the various nations of the world. That eyidence is, and ever has been, that where the popular beverages are good, abundant, and cheap, intoxication and its demon train of physical and moral evil are comparatively unknown? are the exception rather than the prevailing rule. Viewing these conditions and results in the light of cause and effect, he is convinced that where the popular drinks are badly made, corrupted, or naturally impure in quality, and where they are subjected to exasperating restrictions and high duties, then will intoxication become too obviously a popular degradation, and its consequences a frightful bane to the common weal. His position, therefore, in this controversy, is tangible and clear. That of his implacable opponents, the liquor-mixers, counterfeiters, and adulterators, alone remains to be further described.

Having been compelled, as already stated, by the overwhelming testimonials of men of science, and the concurrent opinion of the most respectable classes of the community, to abandon their former course of detraction as ineffectual and unprofitable, they resorted to the policy of availing themselves of the reputation which they could not destroy, by making it a source of gain to themselves. To counterfeit Wolfe's Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps became the prime object of their nefarious ingenuity, their extensive combinations, and their associated capital. These combinations, within the last three years, have extended to every principal city in the Union. In New-York, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, Cincinnati, St. Louis, and New-Orleans, these partnerships in imposition and fraud are known to exist, for the undersigned has the various specimens of their counterfeit productions actually in his possession, and it is but too probable that the sub-agencies of these several branches of the general fraud have extended throughout the country. It is, therefore, important that the public should know the CHARACTER AND COMPOSITION OF THE COUNTERFEITS.

In the external appearance of the bottles, they are generally as close and deceptive imitations as could be devised, even to the forgery of the proprietor's signature. In some particular instances, where the parties feared the consequences of detection in literal forgery, a general resemblance, sufficient to impose upon careless purchasers, is all that has been attempted. But an imitation, more or less close, of the title of the pure article, of the true description of its superior quality and properties, of the style and color of the printed envelope, and even of the proprietor's cautions against pernicious counterfeits, has been almost invariably adopted. On submitting various samples of these spurious "Schnapps" to chemical analysis, some of them were found to be composed of what is technically denominated in the trade of liquor-mixing "pure spirits "?that is, American whiskey, with the essential oil removed, flavored with the common oil of juniper, reduced 30 per cent, below proof, and freely enlivened with sulfuric acid, (oil of vitriol,) to "give it a bead" when shaken.

This "bead" test of the quality of spirituous liquors is quite a popular criterion with those who are ignorant of the fact that it can be produced in the most worthless and abominable liquors ever made, by the skillful use of oil of vitriol in mixing them; and, provided the stomach and intestines were capable of resisting its poisonous action and cumulative consequences, it would be a decided improvement upon such liquors, both in appearance and flavor. Indeed, it is well known to every chemist, familiar with alcoholemetry, to be the most effectual ingredient that can be employed in successful imitations of superior liquors. Accordingly, it has been almost invariably detected by an analysis of the counterfeits of the Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps; and the only protection the public have against it is to purchase the genuine article only of authorized agents. There has been, however, another class of cordial beverages lately introduced in the principal cities, in more open rivalry with the one pure commodity, and it is of these especially that the public should be on their guard.

These are advertised under the various names of "London Cordial Gin," "Old Schiedam Gin," "London Club-House Gin," "Medicated Schnapps," &c, &c.?most of which are proved, by unquestionable evidence, to be concocted here chiefly by liquor-mixers, and contain not even an admixture of the imported liquors they pretend to be. They are chiefly compounded of the so-called "pure spirits," before described, peculiarly sweetened, and flavored with anniseed, coriander, or juniper, according to the peculiarities of the genuine article they are designed to counterfeit. Yet it is claimed, for each of these miserable impositions, that it possesses medicinal properties of known and approved efficacy; and it would be amusing, if it were not morally revolting, to see that these claims are asserted in the very language, almost word for word, that has been applied, by the highest medical authorities, exclusively to the Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps, manufactured and imported by the undersigned.

But it scarcely need be said, that men who are base enough to counterfeit a valuable improvement of this kind, can have no restraint from conscience or moral principle, on the score of the consequences, either to the sick or well, that must result from the success of their mercenary frauds. THE HIGH DUTIES THAT HAVE FOSTERED THE FRAUDS. It must be evident, to every man of business, that these infamous impositions have been greatly fostered by the high ad valorem duty of 100 per cent, that has hitherto been most unwisely imposed upon the genuine imported article. This enormous duty, in fact, has operated as an inciting premium and reward to impositions of this class. To this consideration may be added the high cost of the genuine article, as manufactured, not only from the greater prices of the select materials of which it is made, but also from circumstances in the affairs of Europe which have tended to enhance it for some years past. The repeated failures of the wine crop in France, caused a correspondingly increased demand for liquors brewed or distilled from grain, and a proportionate enhancement of their price.

The grain crop itself, in some of its most important districts, was sensibly reduced by the withdrawal of laborers to the Crimean war, and by other fortuitous causes. It was, consequently, extremely difficult for the undersigned so to reduce the price of the Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps that it might compete, in this particular, with the host of spurious articles which, costing comparatively nothing, were furnished to retailers at greater profit. Indeed, the high duty of 100 per cent, alone sufficed to render so great a reduction impracticable, and it was only by the continual reiteration of "Cautions to the Public," advertised at great expense, that the unsuspecting could be protected from imposition. GREAT REDUCTION OF DUTIES AND PRICES. It was, doubtless, the many influential representations' of these and similar facts to the Congress of the United States, that led to the great and salutary reduction of duty on imported liquors, which was achieved by that body, at its session closing in March, 1857; and which took effect on the first of July ensuing.

That reduction being to the extent of 70 per cent, cannot fail to be attended by results of inestimable value to the health and morals of the community, since it must reduce the consumption of our poisonous and intoxicating domestic distillations and adulterations, in a proportionate degree. A CAUSE OF SPECIAL CONGRATULATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT. To the enlightened friends, however, of the great object which the undersigned had in view, when, under the most discouraging combination of circumstances, he undertook the introduction of the Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps, not merely for medical and domestic use, but also for popular preference, as a substitute for the abominably pernicious and demoralizing drinks which everywhere prevailed?to those discriminating, manly, and intrepid friends, who sustained this hazardous effort in the darkest hour of trial, it is a matter of special congratulation that its full and boundless triumph is now a moral certainty.

Who will now imbibe the vulgar and unpalatable poisons heretofore consumed, even at the most respectable places of popular resort, when the purest and most renovating beverage ever manufactured, in any country, can be procured at a less price than was ever before known for any of the least pretension to good quality? May it not now be anticipated, from an inevitable law of trade, that inferior articles, of nearly equal price, will be superseded by the superior, and driven from the popular market? And will it not be admitted by every intelligent and humane man in the community, that, in this great result, the public at large will realize one of the most beneficial and humane reforms that the highest impulses of philanthropy could have proposed to achieve? ?The Schnapps is put up in cases of one doz. quarts, and two doz. pints; the price, by the single case, is five dollars per doz. for quarts, and two dollars and fifty cents per doz. for the pints, and a large deduction, from that price, to the wholesale purchaser.

UDOLPHO WOLFE, Sole Manufacturer and Importer, 18, 20, & 22 Beaver Street. New-York, July 1, 1857.

THE NEW YORK TIMES~JULY 9TH, 1871 UDOLPH'O WOLFES AROMATIC SCHEIDAM SCHNAPPS SEEMS TO BE EXTENSIVELY GAINING OUR PUBLIC CONFIDENCE AND PROMISES TO TAKE THE PLACE OF EVERY OTHER LIQUOR NOW IN USE BY PHYSICIANS FOR MEDICINAL USES.THIS IS NOT SURPRISING FOR APART FROM IT BEING FOUND IN THE RESPECTABLE DRUGSTORES IN IN THIS CITY AND OUR COUNTRY, THE MILD AND AGREEABLE TASTE OF THIS ARTICLE CONTRASTED WITH THE STRONG, PUNGENT AND ACTUAL SENSATION PRODUCED ON THE PALATE BY THE COMMON DELETERIOUS ARTICLE WHICH IS NOW THE GENERAL COMPLAINT OF NEARLY ALL THE THE MEDICAL FACULTY OF THIS COUNTRY.WOULD OF ITSELF SUFFICE TO GIVE IT THE DECIDED PREFERENCE.IF PRESCRIBED AS A MEDICINE IT IS NOT BAD TO TAKE AND TO USE AS A BEVERAGE IT IS CONSIDERED BY JUDGES TO BE SUPERIOR TO ANY ARTICLE IMPORTED IN THIS COUNTRY.

As a general beverage and necessary corrective of water rendered impure by vegetable decomposition or other causes, as Limestone, Sulphate of Copper, etc., the Aromatic Schnapps is superior to every other alcoholic preparation. A public trial of over thirty years' duration in every section of our country of UDOLFHO WOLFE'S SCHNAPPS, its unsolicited endorsement by the medical faculty, and a sale unequaled by any other alcoholic distillation, have recurred for it the reputation 'or salubrity claimed for it. FOE SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS AND GROCERS. UDOLPHO WOLFE'S SCHIEDAM AROMATIC SCHNAPPS, 9 Beaver Street, New York. March 31. Trade mark—Trade name—Interlocutory injunction. April 1. being the proprietor of the trade mark and property in "Wolfe's Aromatic ~ Schiedam Schnapps," entered into a partnership with Burke, who undertook on entering the firm not to use the trade mark or the term, "Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps," when the partnership should cease. On the dissolution of the partnership, B.

at once manufactured similar liquor and presented it to the public as "Burke's Schiedam Schnapps," and represented on his labels that he had been a partner of W.'s, thereby importing W.'s name into his labels; but there was no resemblance between B.'s labels and those of W. A. purchased a considerable quantity of B.'s liquor from B. and obtained leave to advertise himself as B.'s agent. On an interlocutory motion to restrain A. from selling the liquor under the name of "Schiedam Schnapps" or " Schnapps," or in packages or bottles similar to W.'s, Held, that B. had a perfect right to advertise himself as having been W.'s partner, and to the use of the term "Schiedam Schnapps" as being publici juris; and motion dismissed with costs. Motion for injunction against the use of a trade mark.

The suit was by Joel Burke Wolfe proprietor of "Udolpho Wolfe's Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps," to restrain the defendant, David George Evans Alsop, the resident partner of the firms of Bligh and Harbottle of Melbourne, and Harbottle Biddulph and Alsop of Sydney, from selling any liquor not manufactured for the plaintiff, under the name of "Burke's Schiedam Schnapps," or " Schiedam Schnapps" or " Schnapps," or any other combination of words, including the word " Schnapps," in bottles with those words on them, or on the labels or wrappers of the bottles. A partnership had existed between Wolfe and D. H. Burke, now the manufacturer of Burke's Schiedam Schnapps, as set out in the report of the case of Wolfe v. Hart, ante Vol. IV., Eq. 125.

The bill alleged that Wolfe alone was entitled to the use of the term "Schiedam Schnapps," as his predecessor, Udolpho Wolfe, first made the liquor at Schiedam in Holland, and had been the first to apply the term "Schnapps" to that kind of liquor, and that the term "Schiedam Schnapps" had not theretofore been used. The affidavits in support of the motion stated that the original proprietor of Wolfe's Schiedam Schnapps was Udolpho Wolfe, and that he, in 1848, caused to be manufactured at Schiedam, in Holland, a certain kind of gin, to which he gave the distinctive name of "Wolfe's Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps." Burke entered into partnership with Udolpho Wolfe some time afterwards, and in July 1877 Burke entered into partnership with his successor, the present plaintiff, and continued to be his partner till 1st July, 1882. On entering into this partnership, Burke covenanted that the sole right to use the term "Schiedam Schnapps" should continue in Wolfe after the termination of the partnership.

The trade mark of Wolfe was registered in Sydney in 1861, and in Victoria on 28th July, 1877. Several affidavits were filed, stating that before Udolpho Wolfe used the terms neither "Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps" nor "Schiedam Schnapps" had ever been applied to any gin, or liquor, or cordial, nor had the term " Schnapps" ever been used to express any distinct kind of liquor; but that the term "Snapps" had been used in Holland for any drink, in the same way as the English spoke of a "nip." The defendant, Alsop, was the only partner resident in Victoria, of the firm of Bligh and Harbottle, who advertised themselves as the agents in Victoria and in Sydney of D. H. Burke; and the firm had on hand in Victoria for sale 4000 cases of Burke's Schiedam Schnapps, manufactured by Burke, the late partner of Wolfe.

There were also several affidavits in support of the motion, stating that the form in which Burke's bottles were got up, their shape and the words moulded on them, and the inscriptions on the labels and wrappers, were calculated to deceive the public and intending purchasers of Wolfe's Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps. Several other affidavits verifying statutory and notarial declarations made in America were filed in support of the motion, but were rejected as inadmissible. 1884 On the wrappers of Burke's bottles, and on his advertising Wolfe posters, were the following notices:— v. Alsop. "Notice to the Public . "The undersigned, having been a partner of the late Udolpho Wolfe and of his successors for the past seventeen years, retires this day, on account of expiration of co-partnership. He well knows the wants of the public, and begs to offer this "schnapps as the equal of any article bearing that name. "D. H. BURKE, "1st July, 1882. "Sole Proprietor." "BURKE'S SCHIEDAM SCHNAPPS. "Manufactured by the proprietor, at Schiedam, in Holland, expressly for family use.

"Warranted in every respect equal to any "Schnapps "Sole Proprietor." And on a label on the bottles was this notice:— "READ THIS CERTIFICATE! "I hereby certify that Mr. D. H. Burke has one-third interest in the net profits of my business for the years 1865 and 1866; and, in case of my death, it is my desire that the business should be continued as now carried on by me. "(Signed) "UDOLPHO WOLFE." The following advertisement was inserted in the Australian Brewers' Journal of 20th January, 1884:— "BURKE'S SCHIEDAM SCHNAPPS. "Mr. D. H. Burke, partner for seventeen years of the late Udolpho Wolfe and his successors, now manufactures his Schnapps separately, offering under his own name a stimulant in every respect equal to and possessing all those superlative qualities now so widely known and appreciated throughout Australia. "To be obtained from all wine and spirit merchants, at reasonable prices, without fear of consequences.

"The undersigned guarantee all purchasers against any action or interference whatsoever that may be taken or made with the view of intimidating the trade from buying or selling 'Burke's Schiedam Schnapps.' "BLIGH & HARBOTTLE, "Sole Agents." The following advertisement appeared in the Sydney Morning Herald on 19th May, 1883 :— "BURKE'S SCHIEDAM SCHNAPPS, "Manufactured by the proprietor, at Schiedam, in Holland, expressly for family use. "Mr. D. H. Burke has been a partner of the late Udolpho Wolfe and his successors for the past seventeen years, and retired from the firm on the expiration of the co-partnership last year. "His intimate acquaintance with the specialties of manufacture and quality, together with long experience of the wants of the public, enables him to offer his 'Schnapps' as the equal of any bearing that name. "A letter from the late Mr. Udolpho Wolfe, certifying to Mr. Burke's interest in the firm and expressing a wish for the continuance of the same, appears on each battle. "Order only Burke's Schnapps, of guaranteed quality, obtainable at reasonable prices.

"HARBOTTLE, BIDDULPH & ALSOP, "89 Pitt-street, "Sole Agents for Australia." The affidavits filed in opposition to the motion stated that the term "Schnapps" had been used for many years previously to Wolfe's using it, in Holland and elsewhere, to signify Dutch gin; and that Schiedam was the noted place in Holland for making gin; that since Wolfe had started many other persons had manufactured and sold a similar cordial under the name of " Schiedam Schnapps," and had never been restrained, and that even Hart, the defendant in Wolfe v. Hart, though he had changed his labels,' had continued to use the term "Schiedam Schnapps" on his bottles, labels, and wrappers after the decree in the suit, and his right to do so had never been disputed. There were also a great number of affidavits stating that there was no such similarity between the labels of Burke and Wolfe that anyone could mistake the one for the other, and that all the bottles containing this kind of gin or cordial were of the same size and shape, in accordance with a customs regulation in Holland. Mr. Webb, Q.C., and Mr.

a'Beckett in support of the motion:— The only difference between the case of Wolfe v. Hart (a) and the present is that in that case the defendant had been the agent of the plaintiff, in this case the defendants' principal had been the partner of the plaintiff. The defendants in this case say that they are not Burke's agents, but in the two advertisements they represent themselves as agents, and cannot now deny it. The general appearance of the bottles, labels, and wrappers of Burke and Wolfe are the same. [mr. Justice Molesworth. I fail to see the similarity, and the certificate says it is not Wolfe's hut as good as Wolfe's.] One of the affidavits in support says (a) Ante Vol. IV., E. 125. 1884 that a customer thought on looking at Burke's labels & that Burke was continuing Wolfe's business. In this case it is Alsop especially wrong, because there was a fiduciary relation between Wolfe and Burke. There was an agreement that the property in the trade-mark, &c., should continue solely in Wolfe, after the termination of the partnership, and it was only on that understanding that Burke was received as a partner.

Burke made an affidavit to that effect in the suit of Wolfe v. Hart, and is thereby stopped from denying that Wolfe has the exclusive right to its use. The object of the statements on the bottles and on the wrappers, and the introduction of the name of Udolpho Wolfe, can only be to associate the liquor with that manufactured by Wolfe. Such a motive will induce the Court to grant the injunction, although without it it might not. The mere fact that Burke also puts his own name on the bottles is not enough: Berliner Brauerei Gesellschaft Tivoliv. Knight Stocks and Co. (b); Wotherspoon v. Currie (c). In that case the use of the term "Glenfield" was restrained because the first manufacturer of a particular kind of starch had introduced the name on his labels, that being the place at which he manufactured it: there was no similarity in the labels except in the use of the term "Glenfield." No trader even with some claim to the mark or name can adopt a trade-mark which will cause his goods to bear the same name in the market as those of a rival trader: Seixo v. Provezende (d); Siegert v. Findlater (e).

The plaintiffs have a right to the exclusive use of the term "Schiedam Schnapps" if not of "Schnapps." In Re Worthington and Co's Trade Mark (f), the similarity of the labels was not nearly so great as in this case. If it is such a similarity as would deceive an unwary or an incautious purchaser, an injunction will be granted: In re Eno's Trade Mark (g). Dr. Madden and Mr. Higgins, contra:— The motion should be dismissed altogether apart from the merits, a3 the plaintiff is barred by his delay. The bill was sealed on 10th October, 1883, and the answer delivered on 6th 1884 February, 1884, and this motion not set down until 27th Febm- Wolm ary. In the case of Chinn v. Thomas (h), the delay was not so long between the sealing of the bill and the setting down, and it was held that the plaintiff was barred. [mr. Justice MolesWorth. In that case the delay was after the answer.

There has been no delay since the answer in this case.] The whole injunction in Wolfe v. Hart (j) was against the use of the term "Aromatic" not the term "Schiedam Schnapps," which even Hart still continues to use without restraint. Wolfe never had an exclusive right to the use of the term "Schiedam Schnapps." It is public juris: our affidavits show that many others in this colony use the term, and have used it for more than thirty years. There is no fiduciary relation between two partners after the partnership has ceased. We have never interfered with the plaintiff's trade mark as registered. The defendants' is nothing like it As to the size and shape of the bottles they are so shaped, owing to a customs regulation in Holland. The defendants merely want to sell something they bought in the market in London, where no proceedings have been taken against the manufacturer. We are entitled to insert the name Wolfe in describing a rival schnapps or gin: Singer Manufacturing Coy. v. Loog (k). In Wotherspoon v.

Gurrie (I) an injunction was granted against the use of the term "Glenfield," because it was put in such large letters as conspicuously to call attention to it. In Seixo v. Provezende (to), it was granted, because the only difference was between a crown and a coronet. In Re Worthington and Co.8 Trade Mark (n), the inner triangle of Beccles's label was made to look like the triangle of Bass's label. In Siegert v. Findlater (o), the mere taking of the name of Angostura Bitters showed the intention to defraud, because the name of the place had been changed and they took the old name. In Re Eno's Trade Mark (p), the Court came to the conclusion that the whole thing was a sham, as evidenced by the small adhesive label (M Ante. Vol. V. E. 188. (m) L.R. 1 Ch. 192. (j) Ante VoL IV., E. 125. (n) 14 Ch. D. 8. (i) 8 Ap. Cm. 15. (o) 7 Ch. D. 801.

(0 L.R. 5 E. & I. Ap. 508. {p) Ante VoL IX., L. 335. which was accidentally removed. The defendant had a perfect right to advertise himself as having been a partner of Wolfe's, and therefore well qualified to make the same kind of liquor. Mr. Webb, Q.C., in reply:— If a man joins another as a partner in a trade secret, and makes an agreement that the trade secret shall remain the sole property of his partner, he cannot afterwards use it for his own advantage, or at all events he cannot advertise to the public that during the partnership he acquired the knowledge how to make the article. He cannot trade on the reputation of having been a partner. Mr. Justice Molesworth :— The defendant Alsop is a person whose firm purchased a number of cases of Schiedam Schnapps manufactured by a man named Burke. They got the authority of Burke to sell as his agents, and the bill has been filed against them on that account. He denies that they are Burke's agents, but says that they had permission so to describe themselves.

I will not enter into the question whether he should be considered as identified with Burke, or whether he is subject to any case which may be made as against Burke. I am inclined to think he is not. But passing that for the present, and treating him as Burke, the case against him is that he is selling Schiedam Schnapps, made at the town of Schiedam, in Holland, schnapps being the name of this kind of liquor, and which is as common as whiskey, rum, or any other liquor is with us. He is selling it as " Schiedam Schnapps." As to the right to the trade-mark, if there is any right to it, the case might be brought against the defendant irrespective of his connection with Burke, and against any one of the public. I doubt very much whether any agreement of Burke's not to use this trade-mark would be binding on the present defendant.

But there is no distinct evidence that Burke ever agreed not to use the words now relied on, and as to which the matter seems to have been narrowed down to " Schiedam Schnapps." He undertook not to use the trade-mark of the firm, and not to use the precise term "Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps," and he does not use those words. In the case which was brought before me some years ago, in 1884 which Wolfe and Burke were co-plaintiffs, and Hart was Wolfe defendant, I was disposed to think that the plaintiffs had not the right to the use of the words " Schiedam Schnapps." But the three words, "Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps," were brought together, and I felt some degree of doubt as to that name. That case was decided by me not at all upon the ground of "Schiedam Schnapps" being a name to which Wolfe and Burke had an exclusive right, but on the ground that the labels made use of by Hart were designed to imitate the trade-mark on the labels of Wolfe and Burke. On that ground, and entirely on that ground, I, and ultimately the Full Court, granted the injunction against the use of the labels.

There was no injunction against using the words "Schiedam Schnapps," or "Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps," but against the use of labels calculated to deceive the public into the belief that the liquor was the manufacture of Wolfe and Burke. In the present case there is not the slightest resemblance between the labels. No one could imagine the liquors here to be the same. In the present plaintiff's labels there is a certain space filled up by writing, so small that it is hardly legible, but the absence of that would distinguish one bottle from the other, as presented to the eye. The colors of the labels are different, and everything about them is different, and particular passages in Burke's labels, which have been relied on as calculated to deceive the public, would really totally undeceive anyone who would read them with care. Anyone who would read the entire of the description on the bottles sold by the defendant, would imagine that Wolfe had ceased to have anything to do with the concern, and that the partnership was dissolved.

Burke puts forward what he has a perfect right to put forward, namely, that he had been a partner of Wolfe's; that he was perfectly acquainted with the process; and, thereby, as well qualified to prepare this liquor as Wolfe or anybody else could be. The only question on which the case could turn was the trademark. As to trade secret, the bill does not deal with it. And I do not suppose there is any trade secret in the matter. Three fourths of the workmen engaged in the multitude of schnapps manufactures in the town of Schiedam would be probably as competent, as far as trade secrets were concerned, to make the same liquor as that now presented to the public as "Burke's Schiedam Schnapps." Another aspect of the case has been brought forward for the defendant. Even if the plaintiff has any property in the words "Schiedam Schnapps," he has no such property as could be enforced in this case, as the words have been used by numbers of persons. They were used by numbers before Wolfe came here, and used by numbers since. He has also acquiesced in the use of the words by Hart, notwithstanding the previous litigation between them.

Hart changed his labels, which are no longer similar to the labels that had been used by Wolfe and Burke, but he continues to use the name of "Schiedam Schnapps," and neither Burke nor Wolfe has attempted to dispute his right. On every ground, therefore, the motion for an injunction cannot be sustained, and I refuse it with costs. Motion refused with costs. Civil War Offical Record Index Series II Volume II Page 686 of 1557 - Prisoners of War gets all the statements of the financial affairs of the United States and they are regularly transmitted by means of Algernon S. Sullivan to Jeff. Davis. Udolpho Wolfe has recently returned from Europe. He corresponded previous to his departure with Jeff. Davis and took out Burke, of New Orleans, who is his brother-in-law, and made large purchases for the Southern Confederacy. He has made arrangements secretly to ship directly to any Southern port. This is the way he advertises, but it is all a dodge: To shipping merchants. Wolfe's Schiedam Schnapps.

30,000 cases of Wolfe's celebrated Schiedam Aromatic Schnapps for sale in bond or duty paid, put up with German, Dutch, Spanish, French and English labels. Shipping merchants can purchase for the South American, East Indian and European markets delivered on board ship at Liverpool, London, Rotterdam or Hamburg at less than the New York price. The schnaps is well known and sells freely in all the markets of the world. For price, &c. apply to Udolpho Wolfe, New York; Hoffman, Dorrepaal & Co., Rotterdam; Biancone, Klee & Co. Hamburg. Arrest him and you will find in a desk in the back room of the second floor letters from all these parties in the south. Open any of the cases of his gin that go into the West, to Louisville, and they will be found to contain orders for the rebels. He has connections in every southern State. He has loaned Jeff. Davis $100,000 through the London bankers of Hoffman, Dorrepaal & Co. When you arrested Sullivan you go one of the nest. Arrest Joel and Udolpho and you will strike a dozen more leaders of these really dangerous men.

The securities and valuables of Joel Wolfe are generally kept in the tin box about one foot square in the front office second floor of Udolpho Wolfe. If it is so when you arrest the book-keeper Castle there will be $1,000,000 of stocks and bonds belonging to both brothers who were formerly partners. Joel can be arrested at the subtreasury of Mr. Cisco, with whom he spends several hours nearly every day. I regard my country more than I do my private concerns, but as my own destruction would be the result of a communication to you under my own name I will only add that all is truth in this letter except my own name, which is fictitious. CHARLES CATLIN. BarSchool.com | Liquor Dictionary - BarSchool.com Liquor Dictionary American Bartenders School’s liquor dictionary gives a brief definition of the most popular distilled spirits and describes many of their flavors. Whiskey • Brandy • Gin • Rum • Tequila • Vodka • Liqueurs Whiskey: The Basics Whiskey is a spirit, aged in wood, obtained from the distillation of a fermented mash of grain. Whiskey is produced in four countries: the United States, Canada, Scotland, and Ireland.

The whiskeys produced in Canada, Ireland, and Scotland take on the name of their countries. Whiskeys produced in other countries, even though they may taste similar, cannot legally be called Canadian, Irish, or Scotch. Whiskeys vary in alcoholic strength, from 110 proof American bottled in bond whiskey , to 70 proof Canadian whiskeys, sold only in Canada. Most whiskeys sold in the United States are either 86 or 80 proof, depending on the distiller and brand. Prior to the 1960s, most whiskeys were bottled at a higher proof. Today, modern drinkers prefer lighter-tasting whiskeys. Federal law requires that the label on each bottle be plainly marked with the proof of the liquor. What is Proof? Proof: the amount of alcohol in any distillate, and represents 50 percent alcohol by volume. A combination of half alcohol and half water is scored as 100 proof or 50 percent alcohol. The term “proof” came out of the pioneering era of distillation.

In the beginning, to determine the strength of liquors, distillers would mix equal quantities of the spirit and gunpowder and then apply a flame to the mixture. If the gunpowder failed to burn, the spirit was too weak; if it burned too brightly, it was too strong. However, if it burned evenly, with a blue flame, it was said to have been proved. Hence the word proof. Pure alcohol, like the kind used in laboratories, is 200 proof, being 100 percent alcohol. A combination of half alcohol and half water is scored as 100 proof or 50 percent alcohol. Proof is a measure of alcoholic strength, not necessarily of quality. Kinds of Whiskey American Whiskey American whiskeys are rigidly defined by law, and gov­erned accordingly. They include bourbon, corn, sour mash, Tennessee, blended, straight, bottled in bond, and rye. The history of American whiskey and America parallel each other. Whiskey was an integral part of everyday life in the Colonial days. It helped comfort the settlers during hard times and was enjoyed at the end of a rough day.

It was also used to cure snakebite, ward off disease, and ease pain both superficially and internally. Canadian Whisky Canadian whisky is a distinctive product of Canada made under government supervision in accordance with the regulations governing the manufacture of whisky in Canada. Canadian whiskeys’ are whisky blends. The most distinguishing characteristic of Canadian whisky is its light body. Scotch Whisky Scotch whisky is a distinctive product of Scotland, made in compliance with the laws of Great Britain. There are two types of Scotch whiskies sold in the United States. The first type is blends of malt and grain whisky. These are the most popular because they are made in large quantities and the least expensive. The second type is single malt. A single malt Scotch comes from one distillery and made from only one malted barley. Single malt Scotches are expensive because they are made in limited quantities. Brandy: The Basics Brandy is a potable spirit, distilled from a fermented mash of grapes or other fruit. Most brandy is distilled from wine. White wine, made from white grapes, is used most often. Wine that has recently finished its fermentation process makes the best brandy. An aged wine, even if it is of superior quality, won’t make a good brandy.

Brandies are produced wherever grapes are grown. Different Types of Brandy Cognac comes from France, and Metaxa is from Greece. Brandies produced in California must be made from California grapes, and they have to meet rigid standards set by the distillers. California brandies account for over 75 percent of the brandy sales in the United States. In many parts of Europe, brandy is made from fruit. Kirsch, from Germany, is cherry flavored, and Mirabelle, from France, has a plum flavor. To the brandy base, which contains the alcohol, they add an extract or concentrate of the fruit and sweetening syrups. The labels on fruit brandies must indicate the kind of fruit used, such as apricot brandy, cherry brandy, peach brandy, or blackberry brandy, etc. Almost all brandies are aged in oak barrels from three to eight years. Cognac: The Most Famous of all Brandies Cognac should be mentioned more specifically because it is the most famous of all the brandies.

It is produced in the Cognac region of France, which is an area north of Bordeaux, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, with the city of Cognac near its center. The region is divided into seven districts, ranking in order of the quality of the cognac made in each district. In order, they are: Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne, Borderies, Fins, Bois, Bons Bois, Bois Ordinaries, and Bois a Terrior. It is important to understand that all cognac is brandy, but not all brandy is cognac. A brandy may only be called cognac if it is distilled from wine made of the grapes that grow within the legal limits of Charente and Charente Inferieure Departments of France. Brandies distilled from wines other than these are not legally entitled to the name cognac, even though they may be shipped from the city of Cognac. Gin: The Basics Gin is distilled from grain and receives its unique flavor and aroma from juniper berries and other botanicals. Every gin producer has his own special recipe, which is under strict quality control. The flavor of gin will vary with the distiller. Gin was first produced in Holland by Dr.

Sylvius, a Dutch physician, during the 17th century. He named it Genievre, the French word for the juniper berry. It was the English who shortened the name to gin. Brought from Holland into England by English soldiers, who called it “Dutch Courage”, gin soon became the national drink of England and has so remained. Gin can be made two ways, by either being distilled or compounded. All leading popular brands sold in the United States are distilled. Compounded simply means a mixture of neutral spirits with juniper berries. Distilled gin is distilled completely. Dry? Extra Dry? Virtually all gins in the United States use the word “dry.” You will see it on brand labels that may read, “Dry Gin,” “Extra Dry Gin,” “London Dry Gin,” or “English Dry Gin,” but they all mean the same thing‑‑lacking in sweetness. Originally, “London Dry” meant gin produced in London, but the name “London” is considered to be generic, and therefore it is often used to describe gins produced in the United States. Rum: The Basics Rum is produced wherever sugar cane grows.

Many coun­tries, such as the United States, South Africa, and even Russia, produce rum, but it is only the Caribbean Islands that produce rum in quantities sufficient for worldwide export. The islands in the Caribbean each produce a distinctive type of rum, the result of the base material used, the method of distillation, and the length of maturation. Generally, the islands where the Spanish language is spoken, such as Puerto Rico, produce light, dry-tasting rums. The English speaking Caribbean islands produce dark, heavy-tasting rums. By definition, rum is any alcoholic distillate made from the fermented juice of sugar cane, sugar cane syrup, sugar cane molasses, or other sugar cane by-products, distilled at less than 190 proof, that also possesses the taste, aroma, and characteristics generally attributed to rum. A Pinch of Sugar History Sugar cane was brought to the Caribbean by Christopher Columbus on his journey from the Azores Islands. The climate was perfect for growing sugar cane, and soon it was being grown on every Caribbean island. The Spanish colonists who followed Columbus brought with them the art of distilling and began distilling the juice of the sugar cane into an alcoholic beverage, which became known as rum.

Most authors believe the word “rum” is derived from the old words rumbullion (rumpus) or rumbustion (uproar), certainly appropriate words when referring to the first rum drinkers. Various Types of Rum Rums can be broken down into various classifications. The light-bodied ones are dry and have only a very light molasses taste. They are available in two varieties: white, which is by far the most popular, and gold, which is a mixture of light and dark. The gold is sweeter and has a more pronounced molasses taste. The two favorite light rums come from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Another classification is heavy-bodied rums that are much darker and sweeter. They have a pungent bouquet and a heavy molasses taste. The dark rums differ because of slower fermentation and special maturation processes. Well-known dark rums come from Jamaica, Demerara, Martinique, Trinidad, Bermuda and New England. Tequila: The Basics Tequila, the primary spirit of Mexico, has its own special flavor that is almost tart and leaves the tongue clean and tingling.

In the 1970s, tequila became the fastest growing spirit in sales, as vodka did in the 1960s. Tequila is obtained from the distillation of the fermented juice (sap) of the mescal plant, called pulque. The only source for Tequila is the mescal plant, which is a species of the agave plant. The mescal plant is a cactus that takes between twelve and thirteen years to mature. Its long leaves, or spikes, are cut off at harvest time, leaving only the bulbous central core, called the pina, meaning pineapple. The pinas, which weigh from 80 pounds to 175 pounds each, are taken to the distillery where they are cooked in pressure cookers for several hours. They are then cooled and shredded, and the juice is pressed out. The fermentation process is completed in huge wooden vats. The fermented juice is then twice distilled in traditional copper-pot stills. Vodka: The Basics Like whiskey, vodka is distilled from a fermented mash of grain, but they differ in the methods of distillation. Whiskey is distilled at a low proof to retain flavor.

Vodka, however, is distilled at a high proof, 190 or above, and then processed even further to remove all flavor. Most American distillers filter their vodkas through activated charcoal. Also, whiskey is aged, and vodka is not. What is it made from? A few vodkas are made from potatoes. Most vodka is not. Almost all vodka is made from grain, the most common being corn, rye, and wheat. There are many countries that claim they invented vodka, among them Poland and Russia. Some historians claim the Poles were producing it as early as the 8th century AD, for use as medicine. It wasn’t until the 15th century AD, that both the Poles and the Russians were drinking it every day. Liqueurs (or Cordials): The Basics The words liqueurs and cordials are used interchangeably. Liqueurs were first developed by the Christian monks of the middle ages. They were developed to help the sick. The monks added secret combinations of honey, seeds, herbs, spices, roots, and bark to distilled-base spirits and offered them as remedies. After Shock Cinnamon liqueur imported from Canada. Initially tastes like hot cinnamon.

Amaretto Di Saronno Imported Italian liqueur made from apricot stones, which produce an almond flavor. B & B D.O.M. Imported liqueur from France. A combination of Benedictine and Brandy that started out as a popular mixed drink until the French decided to bottle the two together. Campari Aperitivo Aperitif imported from Italy. Aromas of fruit pits and botanicals. Slightly bitter flavors of fruit. Chambord Black raspberry liqueur from France made with small black raspberries, other fruits, herbs and honey. Chartreuse Green Herbal liqueur made by the monks of the Carthusian order in the French Alps. Cointreau Liqueur Imported orange liqueur from France. Similar to orange curacao. Clear in color. Flavor of fresh orange peels with a slight hint of spice. Romana Black Sambuca Imported licorice flavored liqueur from Italy. Black color. Drambuie Imported liqueur from Scotland. Made with aged Scotch-over 15 years old-and blended with heather honey and herbs. Frangelico Hazelnut Liqueur imported from Italy. A mix of hazelnuts, berries, and herbs.

Flavors of hazelnut and butter. Goldschlager Clear cinnamon schnapps from Switzerland with flecks of gold leaf floating in the bottle. Sweet-sour cinnamon flavors. Grand Marnier Made with cognac, essence of wild oranges and delicate syrup, the mixture is aged in oak casks prior to bottling. Irish Mist Liqueur Imported liqueur from Ireland. A blend of heather and clover honey and herbs. Jagermeister Imported liqueur from Germany. Intensely herbal, citrus nose. Liquore Galliano Imported liqueur from Italy. Aromas of roots, herbs, flowers, and cedar. Metaxa Ouzo Imported liqueur from Greece. A combination of grapes, herbs, and berries including aniseed, licorice, mint, wintergreen, fennel, and hazelnut. Pernod Anise The recipe for Pernod is a slight variation of the original recipe for absinthe; an herbal elixer made from 15 exotic herbs steeped in alcohol. Licorice flavored and yellow-green color. Midori Melon Imported honeydew melon flavored liqueur. Light, fresh melon taste. Yukon Jack Canadian liqueur.

White-wine-like appearance. Flavors of orange and spirit. Kahlua Coffee Liqueur America’s number one imported liqueur. Aromas of coffee beans. Flavors of coffee and semisweet chocolate. Tia Maria Coffee Liqueur Imported coffee liqueur from Jamaica. Bailey’s Irish Cream Cream liqueur imported from Ireland. A blend of real cream and Irish whiskey. Melon Liqueur Peppermint flavored liqueur. Schnapps is less sweet than a liqueur or a fruit creme. Peach Schnapps Peach flavored. Most schnapps are generally low in proof and contain a lower sugar content than other cordials. Root Beer Schnapps Root Beer flavored schnapps made in the U.S. Buttershots Schnapps Cordial that has intense butterscotch aromas and flavors. Fire Water Cinnamon Schnapps Hot cinnamon schnapps, like fireball candy. 100 proof. Anisette American liqueur with the aroma and flavor of licorice from the anise seed. Orange Curacao Orange flavored (only natural ingredients are used) liqueur. Made from orange peel. Blue Curacao Orange flavored. Made from orange peel. Blue color. Triple Sec Orange flavored liqueur.

Orange peels are used for the flavoring. Similar to curacao, but more refined. Southern Comfort A blend of bourbon and peach liqueur. Made from bourbon and peach liqueur in which fresh peaches were marinated.

Question: Schnapps was originally the produce of which country?
Answer: HOLLAND