How good was Einstein's English? What other languages did he know besides German? - Quora Quora Written Dec 18, 2013 1) If you hear any recording of his lectures at Princeton you would notice that he has a very very very thick accent. The problem is that he moved to the US when he was 54 (he was only visiting and never planned to stay, but the whole Hitler thing forced him). Learning to speak a language as a native at that age is noticeably harder. He could write amazingly well in English, it was mainly his accent that was a problem. 2) Einstein's French was amazingly good. He mastered the language when he was a kid (even though his French grades in high school were so-so, according to his bio). When it came to actually speaking the language he stunned Frenchmen and the Swiss who certainly expected a heavy German-sounding french dialect, as was often the case with German scientists. After he became famous he was invited to lecture both in France and western Switzerland.

The universities had interpreters available, given that speaking physics in another language is tougher than small talk, but right from the start he began lecturing in an amazingly well phrased french, according to witnesses (my French is really bad, so I can't really tell you). Albert Einstein - Metapedia Albert Einstein "If the facts don’t fit the theory, change the facts." (Albert Einstein) Albert Einstein 18 April 1955 (aged 76) Princeton , New Jersey, United States Residence Germany, Italy, Switzerland, United States Ethnicity Elsa Löwenthal , née Einstein, (1919–1936) Awards Time Person of the Century (1999) Signature Albert Einstein ( March 14 , 1879 – April 18 , 1955 ) was a Jewish physicist and member of the German Communist Party. [2] He is credited with creating Einstein's special and general theory of relativity. However, his writings, including for example his popular 1924 book, [3] have been accused of plagiarism. [4] .

Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics “for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect ” [5] which has been criticized. [6] Contents 11 References Youth and Schooling This section or article contains text from Wikipedia which has not yet been processed. It is thus likely to contain material which does not comply with the Metapedia guide lines . You can help Metapedia by editing the article and cleaning it from bias and inappropriate wordings. Albert Einstein in 1893 (age 14), taken before the family moved to Italy Albert Einstein was born into a Jewish family in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany. His father was Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer. His mother was Pauline Einstein (née Koch). Although Albert had early speech difficulties, he was a top student in elementary school [7] . Einstein's native language was German, and he later learned Italian and English. In 1880, the family moved to Munich, where his father and his uncle founded a company, Elektrotechnische Fabrik J.

Einstein & Cie that manufactured electrical equipment, providing the first lighting for the Oktoberfest and cabling for the Munich suburb of Schwabing. The Einsteins were not observant of Jewish religious practices, and Albert attended a Catholic elementary school. At his mother's insistence, he took violin lessons, and although he disliked them and eventually quit, he would later take great pleasure in Mozart's violin sonatas [8] . When Albert was five, his father showed him a pocket compass. Albert realized that something in empty space was moving the needle and later stated that this experience made "a deep and lasting impression" [8] . As he grew, Albert built models and mechanical devices for fun, and began to show a talent for mathematics. In 1889, family friend Max Talmud (later: Talmey), a medical student,introduced the ten-year-old Albert to key science and philosophy texts, including Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Euclid's Elements (Einstein called it the "holy little geometry book"). From Euclid, Albert began to understand deductive reasoning (integral to theoretical physics), and by the age of twelve, he learned Euclidean geometry from a school booklet.

Soon thereafter he began to investigate calculus [7] . In his early teens, Albert attended the new and progressive "Luitpold gymnasium ". His father intended for him to pursue electrical engineering, but Albert clashed with authorities and resented the school regimen. He later wrote that the spirit of learning and creative thought were lost in strict rote learning [8] . In 1894, when Einstein was fifteen, his father's business failed, and the Einstein family moved to Italy, first to Milan and then, after a few months, to Pavia. During this time, Albert wrote his first scientific work, "The Investigation of the State of Aether in Magnetic Fields". Albert had been left behind in Munich to finish high school, but in the spring of 1895, he withdrew to join his family in Pavia, convincing the school to let him go by using a doctor's note [7] . Rather than completing high school, Albert decided to apply directly to the ETH Zurich, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. Without a school certificate, he was required to take an entrance examination. Being two years younger than the normal age of application, he was granted special dispensation to take the examination.

He did not pass, but his results in mathematics and physics were exceptional. [Fölsing, A. "Albert Einstein", 1997, p. 37] Einstein wrote that it was in that same year, at age 16, that he first performed his famous thought experiment, visualizing traveling alongside a beam of light [8] . The Einsteins sent Albert to Aarau, Switzerland to finish secondary school. While lodging with the family of Professor Jost Winteler, he fell in love with the family's daughter, Sofia Marie-Jeanne Amanda Winteler, called "Marie". (Albert's sister, Maja, his confidant, later married Paul Winteler.) In Aarau, Albert studied Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. In 1896, he graduated at age 17, renounced his German citizenship to avoid military service (with his father's approval), and finally enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at ETH. On February 21, 1901, he gained Swiss citizenship, which he never revoked. Marie moved to Olsberg, Switzerland for a teaching post [7] .

Family Life This section or article contains text from Wikipedia which has not yet been processed. It is thus likely to contain material which does not comply with the Metapedia guide lines . You can help Metapedia by editing the article and cleaning it from bias and inappropriate wordings. Mileva Marić about 1896 In 1896, Einstein's future wife, Mileva Marić, also enrolled at ETH as the only woman studying studying for the mathematics and physics teaching diploma that year. During the next few years, Einstein and Marić's friendship developed into romance. Einstein's mother objected to the relationship because she thought Marić " too old ", a " Shiksa ", and "physically defective" [9] . A year before they married, Maric gave birth to a daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, while Einstein was away [8] . If was a big taboo to have a child outside of wedlock during that era, especially at a university setting. Her fate is unknown-she is presumed to have been given up for adoption, perhaps under pressure from Einstein, who is thought to have never seen his first born.

Some writers claim that Mileva authored or co-authored some of Einstein's work at this time [9] [10] . However, following the loss of Liserl, and her twofold failure to obtain a teaching diploma, their eldest son Hans Albert reports that Mileva gave up her academic ambitions, and although she undoubtedly provided invaluable support for her husband, substantive collaboration is not accepted by historians of physics who have looked into the issue [11] . After the marriage, Mileva bore two sons but the family was not to stay together. Einstein was far from the ideal husband. He began an affair with his cousin Elsa Lowenthal while on a trip to Berlin in 1912, leaving Mileva and his family two years later. Einstein and Mileva finally divorced in 1919, but not until after Einstein sent his wife a list of ‘conditions’ under which he was willing to remain married. The list included such autocratic demands as ‘You are neither to expect intimacy nor to reproach me in any way’ [12] . Einstein married Elsa soon after the divorce, but a few years later began an affair with Betty Neumann, the niece of a friend.

After the divorce, he saw little of his sons. The elder, Hans Albert, later reflected ‘Probably the only project he ever gave up on was me’ [12] . The younger, Eduard, was diagnosed with schizophrenia and died in an asylum. There is evidence he is a womanizer and wife-beater. His main successful papers came when he was married to his first wife and after that, he had trouble. There is suspicion she gave his theories to him. His divorce to her contained a clause that if he won the Nobel Prize he would deposit the money in a Swiss bank account in Mileva's name. [13] [14] [15] [16] The Patent Office This section or article contains text from Wikipedia which has not yet been processed. It is thus likely to contain material which does not comply with the Metapedia guide lines . You can help Metapedia by editing the article and cleaning it from bias and inappropriate wordings. The 'Einsteinhaus' in Bern where Einstein lived with Mileva on the first floor during his Annus Mirabilis (Wonderful Year) Einstein graduated in 1900 from ETH with a degree in physics [8] .

That same year, Einstein's friend Michele Besso introduced him to the work of Ernst Mach. The next year, Einstein published a paper in the prestigious Annalen der Physik on the capillary forces of a straw (Einstein 1901). Following graduation, Einstein could not find a teaching post. After almost two years of searching, a former classmate's father helped him get a job in Bern, at the Federal Office for Intellectual Property, the patent office, as an assistant examiner. His responsibility was evaluating patent applications for electromagnetic devices. In 1903, Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office was made permanent, although he was passed over for promotion until he "fully mastered machine technology" [17] . Einstein's college friend, Michele Besso, also worked at the patent office. With friends they met in Bern, they formed a weekly discussion club on science and philosophy, jokingly named "The Olympia Academy" [8] . Their readings included Poincaré, Mach and Hume, whom Einstein heavily "borrowed" from to craft his own scientific and philosophical outlook.

While this period at the patent office has often been cited as a waste of Einstein's talents, or as a temporary job with no connection to his interests in physics, the historian of science Peter Galison has argued that Einstein's work there was connected to his later interests [18] . His work was not quantum mechanics or theoretical physics, but was reviewing technical documents for patents of every day items relating to questions about transmission of electric signals and electrical-mechanical synchronization of time. In 1905, while working in the patent office, without the aid of university colleagues, a staff of graduate students, a laboratory, or any of the things normally associated with an academic setting, Einstein in his spare time wrote four ground-breaking essays in the field of theoretical physics and quantum mechanics that were published in the Annalen der Physik, the leading German physics journal. Many people have recognized the impossibility of such a feat, including Einstein himself, and therefore Einstein has led people to believe that many of these ideas came to him in his sleep, out of the blue [8] , because indeed that is the only logical explanation of how an admittedly inept bureaucrat could have written such documents at the age of 26 without any real education.

These are the papers that history has come to call the Annus Mirabilis Papers: His paper on the particulate nature of light put forward the idea that certain experimental results, notably the photoelectric effect, could be simply understood from the postulate that light interacts with matter as discrete "packets" (quanta) of energy, an idea that had been introduced by Max Planck in 1900 [19] as a purely mathematical manipulation, and which seemed to contradict contemporary wave theories of light. The only difference in his work of 1900 and Einstein's work of 1905 was that Einstein limited himself to talking about one particular type of energy -- light energy. But the principles and equations governing the process in general had been deduced by Planck in 1900. Einstein himself admitted that the obvious conclusion of Planck's work was that light also existed in discrete packets of energy. Thus, nothing in this paper of Einstein's was original. This was the only work of Einstein's that he himself pronounced as "revolutionary". His paper on Brownian motion explained the random movement of very small objects as direct evidence of molecular action, thus supporting the atomic theory.

The movement had first been observed by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown in 1827 [20] . The explanation of this phenomenon has to do with the Kinetic Theory of Matter, and it was the American Josiah Gibbs and the Austrian Ludwig Boltzmann who first explained this occurrence [21] , not Albert Einstein. In fact, the mathematical equation describing the motion contains the famous Boltzmann constant, k [22] . Between these two men, they had explained by the 1890s everything in Einstein's 1905 paper regarding Brownian motion. His paper on the electrodynamics of moving bodies proposed the radical theory of special relativity, cribbed from Lorentz and Poincaré [23] , which showed that the independence of an observer's state of motion on the observed speed of light requires fundamental changes to the notion of simultaneity. The consequences of this include the time-space frame of a moving body slowing down and contracting (in the direction of motion) relative to the frame of the observer. This paper also argued that the idea of a ‘luminiferous ether’- one of the leading theoretical entities in physics at the time- was superfluous.

In his paper on the equivalence of matter and energy , Einstein published what later became the most famous expression in all of science: E = mc2, suggesting (not for the first time) that tiny amounts of mass could be converted into huge amounts of energy. That there was an equivalence between mass and energy had been shown in the laboratory in the 1890s by both J. J. Thomson of Cambridge and by W. Kaufmann in Göttingen [24] . In 1900, Poincaré‚ had shown that there was a mass relationship for all forms of energy, not just electromagnetic energy [25] . Yet, the most probable source of Einstein's plagiarism was Friedrich Hasenöhrl, one of the most brilliant, yet unappreciated physicists of the era [26] . All four papers are today recognized as tremendous achievements—and hence 1905 is known as Einstein's "Wonderful Year". At the time, however, they were not noticed by most physicists as being important, and many of those who did notice them rejected them outright. Some of this work—such as the theory of light quanta—remained controversial for years.

At the age of 26, having studied under Alfred Kleiner, Professor of Experimental Physics, Einstein was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich. His dissertation was entitled "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions." Einstein's political ideology Einstein was a virulent racist and segregationist zionist [27] .

Kevin Macdonald in his book The culture of critique [28] addressed on page vii Einstein's strong Jewish ethnicism, namely that: Einstein was a strongly motivated Zionist [28] , Einstein opposed assimilation as a contemptible form of “mimicry” [28] , Einstein preferred to mix with other Jews whom he referred to as his “tribal companions” [28] , Einstein embraced the uncritical support for the Bolshevik regime in Russia [28] , Einstein switched from a high-minded pacifism during World War I, when Jewish interests were not at stake, to advocating the building of atomic bombs to defeat Hitler [28] , From his teenage years Einstein disliked the Germans and in later life criticized Jewish colleagues for converting to Christianity and acting like Prussians [28] , Einstein especially disliked Prussians, who were the elite ethnic group in Germany [28] , Reviewing his life at age 73, Einstein declared his ethnic affiliation in no uncertain terms: “My relationship with Jewry had become my strongest human tie once I achieved complete clarity about our precarious position among the nations” [28] .

Albert Einstein seen here with his wife Elsa Einstein and Zionist leaders, including future President of the Zionist entity in Palestine Chaim Weizmann, his wife Dr. Vera Weizmann, Menachem Ussishkin and Ben-Zion Mossinson on arrival in New York City in 1921. Einstein served on the Board of Governors of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In his Will of 1950, Einstein bequeathed literary rights to his writings to The Hebrew University, where many of his original documents are held in the Albert Einstein Archives [29] . The Nobel Prize This section or article contains text from Wikipedia which has not yet been processed. It is thus likely to contain material which does not comply with the Metapedia guide lines . You can help Metapedia by editing the article and cleaning it from bias and inappropriate wordings. In 1921 Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".

This refers to his 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect: On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light, which was well supported by the experimental evidence by that time. The presentation speech began by mentioning "his theory of relativity [which had] been the subject of lively debate in philosophical circles [and] also has astrophysical implications which are being rigorously examined at the present time" [29] . As per their divorce settlement, Einstein gave the Nobel prize money to his first wife, Mileva Marić. Einstein traveled to New York City in the United States for the first time on April 2, 1921. When asked where he got his scientific ideas, Einstein explained that he believed scientific work best proceeds from an examination of physical reality and a search for underlying axioms, with consistent explanations that apply in all instances and avoid contradicting each other. He also recommended theories with visualizable results. Einstein's modus operandi Dealing with criticism A characteristic of Einstein's way of dealing with criticism is to make accusations of "antisemitism".

For example, on August 27, 1920, the front page of the Berliner Tageblatt, a Berlin daily newspaper, printed the following statement by Albert Einstein: "Under the pretentious name “Arbeitsgemeinschaft deutscher Naturforscher” [“Working Society of German Scientists”], a variegated society has assembled whose provisional purpose of existence seems to be to degrade, in the eyes of nonscientists, the theory of relativity, as well as me as its originator.... I have good reason to believe that motives other than the striving for truth are at the bottom of this business. (If I were a German nationalist with or without a swastika instead of a Jew with liberal international views, then...)." Another way in which Einstein deals with criticism is to answer with a "funny" comment. For example, in 1931 a book was published entitled "100 Authors against Einstein" in which Einstein's theories were refuted. Einstein's comment: "If I was really wrong one author should have been enough.". Einstein never responded to the criticism in this book. Plagiarism In some cases, plagiarism can be explained away as a simple slip-up.

For Albert Einstein, however, lifting the ideas of others seemed to be second nature. Today, Albert Einstein is revered as the greatest genius of the 20th century. His wrinkled countenance and frazzled gray hair have become the symbol of scientific brilliance, and the equation E=mc2 has become the apogee of scientific and intellectual perfection. Over the years, he built a career both physicists and laymen admired -- teaching awards, a long list of publications, a Nobel Prize and a lecture series named in his honor [30] . Yet, there seems to be ample evidence that the “Father of Modern Science” was nothing but a very intelligent con man, embroidering his achievements and plagiarizing the work and research of many others [31] . The most appalling evidence against Einstein is that one of the most famous mathematical equations in the world, E=mc2, was not originally published by Einstein. According to Umberto Bartocci, a professor at the University of Perugia and a historian of mathematics, this famous equation was first published by Olinto De Pretto two years prior to Einstein’s publishing of the equation [32] [33] .

In 1903 De Pretto published his equation in the scientific magazine Atte [34] and in 1904 it was republished by the Royal Science Institute of Veneto. Einstein’s research was not published until 1905 [35] . Einstein was well versed in Italian and even lived in Northern Italy at the time [8] . Einstein’s many supporters and contacts conspired to pass over the original inventor of the equation and to give credit to someone who claims to have derived it after the equation and its derivation had been published [31] The equation "E=mc2" should rightfully be called the “De Pretto Equation” not the “Einstein Equation.” This was not the end of his plagiarism. Einstein heavily borrowed from the work of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré in formulating the theory of special relativity. Elements of Einstein’s 1905 paper paralleled parts of a 1904 paper by Lorentz and a contemporary paper by Poincaré.

Among the most blatant borrowings is a 180-word passage from the Lorentz paper that is appropriated almost verbatim, down to the random examples, the conjunctions, and the commas. Einstein never cites the paper [35] . Einstein doesn't stop there. On the following page, he takes more than 350 words from the Poincaré paper. Later in the same essay, along with copying still more sentences from Poincaré, Einstein pilfers a good-size paragraph from De Pretto’s 1903 Atte article [34] Although Einstein admitted to reading earlier papers by the two, he claimed not to have seen these later works before writing the 1905 paper [8] . One very irregular fact is that the 1905 paper on special relativity had no references or citations at all, suggesting that Einstein was consciously misleading his peers [35] On November 20, 1915, David Hilbert submitted an article containing the field equations for general relativity with proofs in Göttingen, Germany [36] .

On November 25, 1915, Einstein presented his paper in Berlin, Germany [37] . On November 18, Hilbert received a letter from Einstein thanking him for sending him a copy of the draft of the treatise Hilbert was to deliver on the 20th [38] . So, in fact, Hilbert had sent a copy of his work, at least two weeks in advance, to Einstein before either of the two men delivered their lectures, however, Einstein did not send Hilbert an advance copy of his. Incredibly, Hilbert’s work was soon to become “Einstein’s work.” The idea that light had a finite speed was proven by Michelson and Morley decades before Einstein [39] Hendrik Lorentz determined the equations showing relativistic time and length contractions which become significant as the speed of light is approached. These gentlemen along with David Hilbert and Olinto De Pretto have been erased from history so that Einstein could be given the credit for what they had done. In 1927, H. Thirring wrote ‘H.

Poincaré had already completely solved the problem of time dilation several years before the appearance of Einstein’s first work in 1905’ [40] . Sir Edmund Whittaker, in his detailed physics survey, A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, Volume II, (1953), included a chapter entitled "The Relativity Theory of Poincaré and Lorentz". Whittaker thoroughly documented the development of the theory, documenting the authentic history and demonstrating through reference to primary source that Einstein deserved no credit for the vast majority of the theory. When questioned, Einstein offered no counterpoint to the facts published in Whittaker’s famous book [41] . De Pretto published his equation twice before Einstein and was ignored each time. David Hilbert’s work on the equations for the "general theory" of relativity was submitted for publication before Einstein and was, in fact, sent to Einstein as correspondence. Einstein later claimed credit for the equations which Hilbert derived. Einstein’s long list of literary transgressions is troubling enough, but even more worrisome is his ability to get away with it for so long.

He did write a personal note to Hilbert in 1943, just before his death, claiming that, “It is not my intention to claim the work of others…” [8] [42] . "Orgone energy accumulator" Einstein was involved with Wilhelm Reich in "scientific" research into " Orgone energy accumulation" [43] . Wilhelm Reich was at the time seen as the leader of a cult of sex and anarchy and one of Reich's books was entitled The Function of the Orgasm. Moreover, the word "Orgone" (that does not exist in the English language) is a portmanteau of the words "Orgasm" and "Ozone". There can therefore be no doubt that Reich's meaning of term "Orgone" must have been a sort of "nascent sexual energy" and that the Orgone energy accumulator's purpose is to harvest this "source" of energy. Some typical picture of "orgone energy accumulators" can be found on orgone-energy websites, for example the following picture (warning: this picture is not suitable for on Metapedia, so here only a link is given) .

The "orgone energy accumulator" is some sort of box with metallic material lining the insides of its walls, that can accumulate "nascent sexual energy" presumably created by sexual acts performed in the "orgone energy accumulator". Common sense quickly rejects such things as quackery, pseudo science, and perversion. Not Einstein, however, whose collaboration with Reich in the field of "Orgone energy accumulation" was extensive and included for example correspondence and "scientific" visits of Einstein to Reich. Reich published in 1953 a book [43] about his collaboration with Einstein, in a very limited edition. The Wilhelm Reich instute today still sells "copies" of this book, but it is well possible that these so-called copies have been sanitized by taking out the parts potentially embarrassing for Einstein. Death On April 17, 1955, Albert Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an aortic aneurism. He died in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the age of 76. Einstein's remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered [44] . Quotes Part of the Einstein cult is to quote Einstein ad nauseam, even his most trivial or incorrect remarks.

Irrational remarks by Einstein "Perhaps even more than on its own tradition, the Jewish group has thrived on oppression and on the antagonism it has forever met in the world. Here undoubtly lies one of the main reasons for its continued existence through so many thousands of years." [45] An irrational remark by Einstein, because no group can "thrive" on being oppressed. "I am not only a pacifist but a militant pacifist. I am willing to fight for peace. Nothing will end war unless the people themselves refuse to go to war." This remark shows that Einstein was a moron who did not understand the meaning of pacifism, because pacifism, by definition, cannot be militant. Trivial remarks made by Einstein ”As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality.” [46] A trivial remark because any child will know that while 1+1=2 mathematically, in some cases, like putting two rabbits on Australia 1+1 can eventually be equal to millions.

It is important to note here that Einstein made his remark during a lecture in which he attempted to cast doubt on the validity of the theory of geometry of Euclid , but he never gave a valid counter-example of even the most remote theorem of this theory. Quotes about Einstein (Revilo Oliver) "Einstein, in his judgement of social and political problems, was a moron, and used his intellectual powers to exert a highly pernicious influence. The world would be better off had he never existed." External links ↑ The Canwell Files: Murder, Arson and Intrigue in the Evergreen State, by M. Kienholz, page 257 ↑ Albert Einstein (edition 1924),Relativity: The Special and General Theory, Methuen & Co Ltd ↑ Christopher Jon Bjerknes (2006), The Manufacture and sale of Saint Einstein, pp. 2826, page 2133. DR ALBERT EINSTEIN Genius California Indian Education Most Ultra-Famous Pictures Quotes Obituary FAMOUS QUOTES by Einstein: Gravitation cannot be held responsible for people falling in love.

How on Earth can you explain in terms of chemistry and physics so important a biological phenomenon as first love? Put your hand on a stove for a minute and it seems like an hour. Sit with that special girl for an hour and it seems like a minute. That's relativity. The difference between stupidity and genius is that genius has its limits. The wireless telegraph is not difficult to understand. The ordinary telegraph is like a very long cat. You pull the tail in New York, and it meows in Los Angeles. The wireless is the same, only without the cat. Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. My religion consists of a humble admiration of the illimitable superior spirit who reveals himself in the slight details we are able to perceive with our frail and feeble mind. Every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand.

I live in that solitude which is painful in youth, but delicious in the years of maturity. The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources. The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Kindness, Beauty, and Truth. The trite subjects of human efforts, possessions, outward success, luxury have always seemed to me contemptible. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving. There's a Genius in all of us. My mind is my laboratory. Bear in mind that the wonderful things you learn in your schools are the work of many generations. All this is put in your hands as your inheritance in order that you may receive it, honor it, add to it, and one day faithfully hand it on to your children. I don't know, I don't care, and it doesn't make any difference! If the facts don't fit the theory, change the facts. The significant problems we have cannot be solved at the same level of thinking with which we created them. The tragedy of life is what dies inside a man while he lives. Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not one bit simpler.

I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones. Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds. It is the theory that decides what we can observe. Do not worry about your difficulties in Mathematics. I can assure you mine are still greater. Intellectuals solve problems, geniuses prevent them. A photograph never grows old. You and I change, people change all through the months and years but a photograph always remains the same. How nice to look at a photograph of mother or father taken many years ago. You see them as you remember them. But as people live on, they change completely. That is why I think a photograph can be kind. Force always attracts men of low morality. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school. Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one. Any man who can drive safely while kissing a pretty girl is simply not giving the kiss the attention it deserves. If my theory of relativity is proven successful, Germany will claim me as a German and France will declare that I am a citizen of the world.

Should my theory prove untrue, France will say I am a German and Germany will declare that I am a Jew. I am absolutely convinced that no wealth in the world can help humanity forward, even in the hands of the most devoted worker. The example of great and pure individuals is the only thing that can lead us to noble thoughts and deeds. Money only appeals to selfishness and irresistibly invites abuse. Can anyone imagine Moses, Jesus or Ghandi armed with the money-bags of Carnegie? Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love. I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right. If A is success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z. Work is x; y is play; and z is keeping your mouth shut. How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose he knows not, though he senses it. But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people. PROFESSOR Albert Einstein poses seated with pipe.

Professor Albert Einstein 1921, photo by Ferdinand Schmutzer Wherev Albert Einstein pictured in front of blackboard with mathematical formulas. Albert Einstein with his wife, Elsa Albert Einstein at Hopi House Albert Einstein visits Hopi House at the Grand Canyon, 1931. Photo by El Tovar Studios Courtesy of Museum of Northern Arizona Photo Archives (78.0071) and Museum of New Mexico Photo Archives (38193) Albert Einstein at Hopi House Albert Einstein made his second trip to the United States in the period between December 1930 and March 1931 to spend some time at California Institute of Technology, one of the institutions that was courting him to join their staff. It was on the return trip across the U.S. by train that the above photograph was taken. There are several striking things about this photograph that deserve mention. It is clear that the headdress that has been placed on Professor Einstein's head and the pipe he has been given to hold have no relationship to the Indians in this photograph. These Indians are Hopis from the relatively nearby Hopi pueblos while the headdress and pipe belong to the Plains Indian culture.

The actual location of the photograph is Hopi House , a part of the Fred Harvey concession at the Grand Canyon. The studio that took the photograph was associated with the El Tovar Hotel , at the Grand Canyon. The two buildings sat side by side with Hopi House , designed by Mary Colter , being used for the display and sales of Native American crafts. Many of the crafts people hired by the Fred Harvey Company , such as Nampeyo and Fred Kabotie , are among the most highly regarded Native American artists of their generation. The Hopis in this picture were employees of the Fred Harvey Company who demonstrated their arts there and, no doubt, posed for many other pictures with tourists. Besides Albert Einstein and his wife, there are 3 adult Hopis and one Hopi child in the photograph. Einstein is holding the hand of a young Hopi girl in a very natural manner; she is clutching something tightly in her other hand and is quite intent upon something outside the frame. Prof. Einstein's attraction to children is seen in several other unofficial photographs. He loved children and felt quite comfortable with them. The two men on the left side of the photograph were there to facilitate the Einstein's trip. The man on the left is J.

B. Duffy, General Passenger Agent of the ATSF (the famous Atichson, Tokepa and Santa Fe Railroad); the other man is Herman Schweizer, Head of Fred Harvey Curio, normally stationed in Albuquerque. He may have spoken German and was therefore present because Prof. Einstein was not completely comfortable yet with English. None of the Einstein biographers that have mentioned this photograph have the location correct. Most place it at "the Hopi Reservation at the Grand Canyon." In fact, the Hopi Reservation lies approximately 100 miles east of the site of this photograph. One biographer says that Einstein was embarrassed by being given the name "The Great Relative". Another claimed that he was smirking in the photograph. (We have examined a large scale poster of the photograph in great detail and find that no such statement can be made since his mouth is in full shadow!) It isn't possible to know how the Einsteins felt about this encounter. However, he does seem comfortable here, even if his wife does not. He probably is not concerned about saying the wrong thing and embarrassing his hosts as happened in Pasadena, where his pacifist views were disturbing to rich conservatives being courted for contributions to CalTech.

He has probably not been asked to give a one sentence explanation of relativity theory either. It is also unknown whether he had any knowledge at all of American Indian culture(s). Did he know that the headdress and pipe were entirely unconnected with the Indians in the photograph? All we know is that he could (and did) speak of his heritage as tribal; his politics were definitely unconventional, and he was entirely unable to control the use of his own image. At this time, his presence (silent, preferably) was desired as a badge of approval by many people and organizations, both political and scientific. Later, his easily recognizable image would be appropriated for use in commercials for beer, hosiery, electric companies and other disparate items. With fame I become more and more stupid, which, of course, is a very common phenomenon. There is far too great a disproportion between what one is and what others think one is, or at least what they say they think one is. But one has to take it all with good humor.

Reading, Non-Fiction, Albert Einstein, worksheet for Grade at myTestBook.com The following text/image is for 1 through 10 Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. His father was Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer. His mother was Pauline Einstein. Although Albert had early speech difficulties, he was a top student in elementary school. Einstein's native language was German, and he later learned Italian and English. In 1880, the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, the family moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland. In 1896, he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. While he was working there, he wrote the papers that made him famous as a great scientist.

In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree. Just before the start of World War I, he moved back to Germany. There he became director of a school. He lived in Berlin until the Nazi government came to power. Nazis and German physicists tried to prove that his theories were wrong. Einstein moved to the United States, and in 1940 he became a United States citizen. His theories about light, matter, gravity, space, and time made him famous. His theories help scientists to understand these things much better than they had before. His theories are called the theory of special relativity and the theory of general relativity. His most famous equation is E = mc2. It means that the amount of energy in a piece of mass is equal to the amount of the mass multiplied by the speed of light times itself. Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics. He also had a great determination to solve the problems of physics. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He considered his major achievements as stepping-stones for the next advance.

Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920's he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East. He was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal in 1925 and the Franklin Medal in 1935. Einstein died on April 18, 1955 of heart disease. Free Worksheets From myTestBook.com ------ © myTestBook.com, Inc. - Dyslexia: Was Albert Einstein dyslexic? - Quora Quora Dyslexia: Was Albert Einstein dyslexic? What evidence is there to support this? Written Aug 21, 2014 Short answer - we really don't know. Dyslexia is a "clinical diagnosis" and at the time when he lived, few adults were being identified. We do know a dyslexic physicist who read Einstein's works extensively in his native language of German. He was convinced that Einstein was also dyslexic by his thinking and writing style.

I'll paste a description of Einstein from an old Orton Society paper. It's probably one of the better descriptions of his language difficulty. Certainly his trouble with coming up with the right word, his trouble with arithmetic, and trouble with foreign language and writing would have been consistent with dyslexia. Memory and Mental Images inVerbal Deficit Modification by Bernard M. Patten: "Some Observations on Albert Einstein and Visual Thinking Some of the known facts of the life of Albert Einstein and his recorded statements appear to illustrate how someone with a probable defect in the verbal modality can use visual methods of thinking. Details of Einstein's earliest years are not available. As far as is known, his birth was unremarkable, although his mother thought his head was too large and angular. Despite the "deformity," her doctor predicted that the child would grow well (Sullivan 1972). Although early motor development was normal, verbal development was delayed and Einstein did not speak until the age of three (Holton 1971-1972). His early speech is described as a laborious searching.

Each spoken sentence, no matter how commonplace, was repeated silently with his lips, a practice he was finally able to abandon at age seven (Winteler-Einstein 1924). There is no evidence, however, that as a child Einstein had any trouble with eating, chewing, swallowing, or phonating. It seems reasonable therefore, to assume that his delayed verbal development may have been due to some sort of aphasia rather than to aphonia or childhood autism. School work did not go well for young Einstein. His poor facility with arithmetic, his lack of special ability in any other academic subject, and his great difficulty with foreign language led his teacher to predict that "nothing good~' would come of the boy (Sullivan 1972). Nevertheless, Einstein worked carefully and diligently and persevered in doing his arithmetic homework, even though he often came up with the wrong answers. As a child, Einstein was quick to anger and often violent (Winteler- Einstein 1924). One can speculate that this behavior may have been due to his frustrations.

While some of Einstein's behavior may not have exceeded the normal aggressiveness of young boys, it should be noted that behavioral problems are a common cause for referral of children who are having difficulty with school learning. The striking contrast of Einstein's reportedly poor behavior as a child with his remarkable gentleness and sensitivity as an adult suggests that the behavior was conditioned by his frustrations. As his unique skills were recognized and as he achieved distinction as a scientist, the aggressive behavior seems to have vanished. Even in adult life, Einstein's verbal disabilities persisted. He once remarked to R. S. Shankland, "When I read I hear the words. Writing is difficult, and I communicate this way very badly" (Einstein 1963). His nonverbal abilities, however, provide a sharp contrast. Even before the age of 10 he engaged in activities that required patience, precision, and thoroughness as well as a feeling for spatial relations, balance, and symmetry. The extracurricular study of geometry was a special interest and his uncle, Jakob Einstein, a successful engineer, challenged him with geometrical puzzles.

When his uncle presented the Pythagorean Theorem to him, Einstein thought the theorem obviously true from mere visual inspection and in no need of proof. He reasoned this from seeing that "the acute angle determines the sides" (Holton 1971-1972). He then went on to prove the theorem by a method of his own based on similarities of triangles. This demonstration was different from the orthodox proof and was an early indication that the boy was a creative thinker. At the age of 15, Einstein left his school in Munich to attend a Swiss school founded by Pestalozzi, an educational reformer, who published in 1801 his ideas on visual methods of learning and teaching (Clark 1971). Basic to Pestalozzi's approach was the view that "conceptual thinking is built on visual understanding; visual understanding is the basis of all knowledge" (Pestalozzi [1801] in Arnheim 1969). The school freely used maps, diagrams, and other visual materials for instruction. The atmosphere was relaxed and informal.

Memorization was discouraged and individual thinking was developed.'Each item of learning was carefully linked to a visual base image in accordance with Pestalozzi's principles. Einstein appears to have flourished in a situation which allowed the free use of the styles of thinking that were so congenial to him. With the recent organization and partial publication of the Einstein papers, the evidence that this style of thinking was nonverbal and visually mediated cannot be doubted. The psychologist, Max Wertheimer, a friend of Einstein, had many opportunities to question the physicist on the concrete events in his thinking process that led to Einstein's theory of relativity. Einstein told him: "Thoughts did not come in any verbal formulation. I very rarely think in words at all. A thought comes, and I may try to express it in words afterwards" (Wertheimer 1945). Responding to Jacques Hadamard (1945), Einstein provided an insight into his thought process: Words or language, as they are written or spoken, do not seem to play any role in my mechanism of thought. The psychical entities which seem to serve as elements in thought are certain signs and more or less clear images which can be voluntarily reproduced and combined . . .

This combinatory play seems to be the essential feature in productive thought--before there is any connection with logical construction in words or other kinds of signs which can be communicated to o t h e r s . . . Conventional words or other signs have to be sought for laboriously only in a second stage, when the mentioned associative play is sufficiently established and can be reproduced at will. In his autobiographical notes, Einstein (1949), described the nonverbal nature of his thought process: What, precisely, is "thinking"? When at the reception of senseimpressions, memory pictures emerge, this is not yet "thinking." And when such pictures form series, each member of which calls forth another, this, too, is not yet "thinking." When, however, a certain picture turns up in many such series then--precisely through such r e t u r n - - i t becomes an ordering element for such series, in that it connects series which in themselves are unconnected . . . For me it is not dubious that our thinking goes on for the most part without use of words." From my research of the question, This was what I was able to find. Mr.

Albert Einstein, the man synonymous with the word GENIUS If Einstein had a disorder it was probably Aspergers Disorder. Aspergers Disorder has these characteristics: "Asperger's Disorder is the term for a specific type of pervasive developmental disorder which is characterized by problems in development of social skills and behavior. In general, a child with Asperger's Disorder functions at a higher level than the typical child with autism. Most children with Asperger's Disorder have difficulty interacting with their peers. They tend to be loners and may display eccentric behaviors." Written Jan 9, 2015 Einstein has been claimed by a number of groups: ADHD, Aspergers, dyslexia, late talkers/ apraxia/ speech language delayed. General learning disability and depression. He may very well have met the diagnostic criteria for more than one of these things. However, considering it's all being speculated on retrospectively , when there weren't specific criteria for these diagnostic entities, it's really just that: speculation. Neuroscientists have looked at autopsies of his brain.

But considering that they are also looking at the effects of life experiences, diet and age, I'm not aware of any definitive diagnoses, and I'm really interested in brain stuff. I recently attended an informational session of a gifted and talented program, and you guessed it, Einstein and his brain came up again. It was used to explain that the brain of gifted children are different. Of course they are, everyone's brain is different. Also, the presence of any of these diagnoses would not preclude having a high IQ. In fact, it's common that these conditions coexist with high IQs. Albert Einstein Reads 'The Common Language of Science' (1941) The essay is called “The Common Language of Science.” It was recorded in September of 1941 as a radio address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science. The recording was apparently made in America, as Einstein never returned to Europe after emigrating from Germany in 1933. Einstein begins by sketching a brief outline of the development of language, before exploring the connection between language and thinking.

“Is there no thinking without the use of language,” asks Einstein, “namely in concepts and concept-combinations for which words need not necessarily come to mind? Has not every one of us struggled for words although the connection between ‘things’ was already clear?” Despite this evident separation between language and thinking, Einstein quickly points out that it would be a gross mistake to conclude that the two are entirely independent. In fact, he says, “the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language.” Thus a shared language implies a shared mentality. For this reason Einstein sees the language of science, with its mathematical signs, as having a truly global role in influencing the way people think: The supernational character of scientific concepts and scientific language is due to the fact that they have been set up by the best brains of all countries and all times. In solitude, and yet in cooperative effort as regards the final effect, they created the spiritual tools for the technical revolutions which have transformed the life of mankind in the last centuries. Their system of concepts has served as a guide in the bewildering chaos of perceptions so that we learned to grasp general truths from particular observations.

Einstein concludes with a cautionary reminder that the scientific method is only a means toward an end, and that the welfare of humanity depends ultimately on shared goals. Perfection of means and confusion of goals seem–in my opinion–to characterize our age. If we desire sincerely and passionately for the safety, the welfare, and the free development of the talents of all men, we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state. Even if only a small part of mankind strives for such goals, their superiority will prove itself in the long run. The immediate context of Einstein’s message was, of course, World War II. The air force of Einstein’s native country had only recently called off its bombing campaign against England. A year before, London weathered 57 straight nights of bombing by the Luftwaffe. Einstein had always felt a deep sense of gratitude to the British scientific community for its efforts during World War I to test the General Theory of Relativity, despite the fact that its author was from an enemy nation. “The Common Language of Science” was first published a year after the radio address, in Advancement of Science 2, no. 5.

It is currently available in the Einstein anthologies Out of My Later Years and Ideas and Opinions . Follow Open Culture on Facebook , Twitter and Flipboard and share intelligent media with your friends. Or better yet, sign up for our daily email and get a daily dose of Open Culture in your inbox. And if you want to make sure that our posts definitely appear in your Facebook newsfeed, just follow these simple steps . Related Content: Albert Einstein - Physicist, Scientist - Biography.com Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was a German-born physicist who developed the general theory of relativity, among other feats. He is considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century. IN THESE GROUPS » quotes “The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it.” “A question that sometimes drives me hazy: Am I or are the others crazy?” “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” “Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere.” “I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share, it is time to go.

I will do it elegantly.” “If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough.” “Nature shows us only the tail of the lion. But there is no doubt in my mind that the lion belongs with it even if he cannot reveal himself to the eye all at once because of his huge dimension. We see him only the way a louse sitting upon him would.” “[T]he distinction between past, present, and future is only an illusion, however persistent.'” “Living in this 'great age' it is hard to understand that we belong to this mad, degenerate species which imputes free will to itself. If only there were somewhere an island for the benevolent and the prudent! Then also I would want to be an ardent patriot.” “I, at any rate, am convinced that He [God] is not playing at dice.” “How strange is the lot of us mortals!

Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose he knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it.” “I regard class differences as contrary to justice and, in the last resort, based on force.” “I have never looked upon ease and happiness as ends in themselves -- this critical basis I call the ideal of a pigsty. The ideals that have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Kindness, Beauty, and Truth.” “My political ideal is democracy. Let every man be respected as an individual and no man idolized. It is an irony of fate that I myself have been the recipient of excessive admiration and reverence from my fellow-beings, through no fault, and no merit, of my own.” “The most beautiful experience we can have is the mysterious. It is the fundamental emotion that stands at the cradle of true art and true science. Whoever does not know it and can no longer wonder, no longer marvel, is as good as dead, and his eyes are dimmed.” “An autocratic system of coercion, in my opinion, soon degenerates.

For force always attracts men of low morality, and I believe it to be an invariable rule that tyrants of genius are succeeded by scoundrels.” “My passionate interest in social justice and social responsibility has always stood in curious contrast to a marked lack of desire for direct association with men and women. I am a horse for single harness, not cut out for tandem or team work. I have never belonged wholeheartedly to country or state, to my circle of friends, or even to my own family. ” “Everybody is a genius.” “” Albert Einstein Albert Einstein - Mini Biography (TV-14; 3:46) Nobel Prize winner Albert Einstein is one of the most influential and well-known physicist in history. Learn more about his life and work in this mini biography. Synopsis Born in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany in 1879, Albert Einstein had a passion for inquiry that eventually led him to develop the special and general theories of relativity. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect and immigrated to the U.S. in the following decade after being targeted by the Nazis.

Einstein is generally considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century, with his work also having a major impact on the development of atomic energy. With a focus on unified field theory during his later years, Einstein died on April 18, 1955, in Princeton, New Jersey. Background and Early Life Born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany, Albert Einstein grew up in a secular Jewish family. His father, Hermann Einstein, was a salesman and engineer who with his brother founded Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, a Munich-based company that manufactured electrical equipment. His mother, the former Pauline Koch, ran the family household. Einstein had one sister, Maja, born two years after him. Einstein attended elementary school at the Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich. However, he felt alienated there and struggled with the institution's rigid pedagogical style. He also had what were considered to be speech challenges, though he developed a passion for classical music and playing the violin that would stay with him into his later years.

Most significantly, Einstein's youth was marked by deep inquisitiveness and inquiry. Towards the end of the 1880s, Max Talmud, a Polish medical student who sometimes dined with the Einstein family, became an informal tutor to young Albert. Talmud had introduced his pupil to a children’s science text that inspired Einstein to dream about the nature of light. Thus, during his teens, Einstein penned what would be seen as his first major paper, "The Investigation of the State of Aether in Magnetic Fields." Resident of Switzerland Hermann Einstein relocated the family to Milan, Italy, in the mid-1890s after his business lost out on a major contract. Albert was left at a relative's boarding house in Munich to complete his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Faced with military duty when he turned of age, Albert allegedly withdrew from classes, using a doctor’s note to excuse himself and claim nervous exhaustion. With their son rejoining them in Italy, his parents understood Einstein's perspective but were concerned about his future prospects as a school dropout and draft dodger.

Einstein was eventually able to gain admission into the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, specifically due to his superb mathematics and physics scores on the entrance exam. He was still required to complete his pre-university education first, and thus attended a high school in Aarau, Switzerland helmed by Jost Winteler. Einstein lived with the schoolmaster's family and fell in love with Wintelers' daughter, Marie. Einstein later renounced his German citizenship and became a Swiss citizen at the dawn of the new century. Marriage and Family While attending school in Zurich, Einstein developed lasting friendships and alliances, also meeting his future wife, Mileva Maric, a Serbian physics student. After graduating from Polytechnic, Einstein faced major challenges in terms of finding academic positions, having alienated some professors over not attending class more regularly in lieu of studying independently. Meanwhile, Einstein continued to grow closer to Maric, but his parents were strongly against the relationship due her ethnic background. Nonetheless, Einstein continued to see her, with the two developing a correspondence via letters in which he expressed many of his scientific ideas.

In 1902 the couple had a daughter, Lieserl, who might have been later raised by Maric's relatives or given up for adoption. Her ultimate fate and whereabouts remain a mystery. Einstein eventually found steady work in 1902 after receiving a referral for a clerk position in a Swiss patent office. Einstein’s father passed away shortly thereafter, and the young scientist married Milena Maric on Jan. 6, 1903. The couple went on to have two sons, Hans and Eduard. The marriage would not be a happy one, however, with the two divorcing in 1919 and Maric having an emotional breakdown in connection to the split. Einstein, as part of a settlement, agreed to give Maric any funds he might receive from possibly winning the Nobel Prize in the future. He had also begun an affair some time earlier with a cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, whom Einstein wed during the same year of his divorce. He would continue to see other women throughout his second marriage, which ended with Löwenthal's death in 1936.

Miracle Year While working at the patent office, Einstein had the time to further ideas that had taken hold during his studies at Polytechnic and thus cemented his theorems on what would be known as the principle of relativity. In 1905—seen by many as a "miracle year" for the theorist—Einstein had four papers published in the Annalen der Physik, one of the best known physics journals of the era. The four papers focused on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, the special theory of relativity (the most widely circulated of the write-ups) and the matter/energy relationship, thus taking physics in an electrifying new direction. In his fourth paper, Einstein came up with the equation E=mc2, suggesting that tiny particles of matter could be converted into huge amounts of energy, foreshadowing the development of atomic power. Famed quantum theorist Max Planck backed up the assertions of Einstein, who thus became a star of the lecture circuit and academia, taking on various positions before becoming director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics from 1913 to 1933.

Relativity and Nobel Prize In November, 1915, Einstein completed the general theory of relativity, which he considered the culmination of his life research. He was convinced of the merits of general relativity because it allowed for a more accurate prediction of planetary orbits around the sun, which fell short in Isaac Newton ’s theory, and for a more expansive, nuanced explanation of how gravitational forces worked. Einstein's assertions were affirmed via observations and measurements by British astronomers Sir Frank Dyson and Sir Arthur Eddington during the 1919 solar eclipse, and thus a global science icon was born. In 1921, Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics though he wasn't actually given the award until the following year due to a bureaucratic ruling. Because his ideas on relativity were still considered questionable, he received the prize for his explanation of the photoelectric effect though Einstein still opted to speak about relativity during his acceptance speech. In the development of his general theory, Einstein had held on to the belief that the universe was a fixed, static entity, aka a "cosmological constant," though his later theories directly contradicted this idea and asserted that the universe could be in a state of flux.

Astronomer Edwin Hubble deduced that we indeed inhabit an expanding universe, with the two scientists meeting at the Mount Wilson Observatory near Los Angeles in 1930. While Einstein was travelling and speaking internationally, the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler , were gaining prominence with violent propaganda and vitriol in an impoverished post-WWI Germany. The party influenced other scientists to label Einstein's work "Jewish physics." Jewish citizens were barred from university work and other official jobs, and Einstein himself was targeted to be killed. Move to U.S. and Atomic Energy In 1933, Einstein took on a position at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey and never went back to his native land. It was here that he would spend the rest of his life working on a unified field theory—an all-embracing paradigm meant to unify the varied laws of physics. Other European scientists also left regions threatened by Germany and immigrated to the states, with there being concern over Nazi strategies to create an atomic weapon. In 1939, Einstein and fellow physicist Leo Szilard wrote to President Franklin D.

Roosevelt to alert him of the possibility of a Nazi bomb and to galvanize the United States to create its own nuclear weapons. The U.S. would eventually initiate the Manhattan Project, though Einstein would not take direct part in its implementation due to his pacifist and socialist affiliations. Einstein was also the recipient of much scrutiny and major distrust from FBI director J. Edgar Hoover . Not long after he began his career at Princeton, Einstein expressed an appreciation for American "meritocracy" and the opportunities people had for free thought, a stark contrast to his own experiences coming of age. In 1935, Einstein was granted permanent residency in his adopted country and became an American citizen a few years later. During WWII, he worked on Navy-based weapons systems and made big monetary donations to the military by auctioning off manuscripts worth millions. Global and Domestic Activism After learning of the 1945 bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, Einstein became a major player in efforts to curtail usage of the a-bomb.

The following year he and Szilard founded the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, and in 1947, via an essay for The Atlantic Monthly, Einstein espoused working with the United Nations to maintain nuclear weapons as a deterrent to conflict. Around this time, Einstein also became a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, seeing the parallels between the treatment of Jews in Germany and African Americans in the United States. He corresponded with scholar/activist W.E.B. Du Bois as well as performing artist Paul Robeson and campaigned for civil rights, calling racism a "disease" in a 1946 Lincoln University speech. After the war, Einstein continued to work on his unified field theory and key aspects of the theory of general relativity, such as wormholes, the possibility of time travel, the existence of black holes and the creation of the universe. However, he became increasingly isolated from the rest of the physics community, whose eyes were set on quantum theory. In the last decade of his life, Einstein, who had always seen himself as a loner, withdrew even further from any sort of spotlight, preferring to stay close to Princeton and immerse himself in processing ideas with colleagues.

Final Years and Legacy On April 17, 1955, while working on a speech to honor Israel's seventh anniversary, Einstein suffered an abdominal aortic aneurysm. He was taken to the University Medical Center at Princeton for treatment but refused surgery, believing that he had lived his life and was content to accept his fate. "I want to go when I want," he stated at the time. "It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share, it is time to go. I will do it elegantly." Einstein died at the university medical center early the next morning—April 18, 1955—at the age of 76. During the autopsy, Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed Einstein's brain, reportedly without the permission of his family, for preservation and future study by doctors of neuroscience. Einstein's remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered in an undisclosed location, following his wishes. After decades of study, Einstein's brain is now located at the Princeton University Medical Center.

A veritable mountain of books have been written on the iconic thinker's life, including Einstein: His Life and Universe by Walter Isaacson and Einstein: A Biography by Jürgen Neffe, both from 2007. Einstein's own words are presented in the collection The World as I See It. Videos Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! Citation Information

Question: What was the native language of Albert Einstein?
Answer: German