Online Etymology Dictionary occupy (v.) mid-14c., "to take possession of," also "to take up space or time, employ (someone)," irregularly borrowed from Old French occuper "occupy (a person or place), hold, seize" (13c.) or directly from Latin occupare "take over, seize, take into possession, possess, occupy," from ob "over" (see ob- ) + intensive form of capere "to grasp, seize," from PIE root *kap- "to grasp" (see capable ). The final syllable of the English word is difficult to explain, but it is as old as the record; perhaps from a modification made in Anglo-French. During 16c.-17c. a common euphemism for "have sexual intercourse with" (sense attested from early 15c.), which caused it to fall from polite usage. "A captaine?

Gods light these villaines wil make the word as odious as the word occupy, which was an excellent good worde before it was il sorted." [Doll Tearsheet in "2 Henry IV"] occur (v.) 1520s, "meet, meet in argument," from Middle French occurrer "happen unexpectedly" or directly from Latin occurrere "run to meet, run against, befall, present itself," from ob "against, toward" (see ob- ) + currere "to run" (see current (adj.)). Sense development is from "meet" to "present itself" to "appear" to "happen" ("present itself in the course of events"). Meaning "to come into one's mind" is from 1620s. Related: Occurred; occurring. ocean (n.) late 13c., from Old French occean "ocean" (12c., Modern French océan), from Latin oceanus, from Greek okeanos, the great river or sea surrounding the disk of the Earth (as opposed to the Mediterranean), of unknown origin.

Personified as Oceanus, son of Uranus and Gaia and husband of Tethys. In early times, when the only known land masses were Eurasia and Africa, the ocean was an endless river that flowed around them. Until c. 1650, commonly ocean sea, translating Latin mare oceanum. Application to individual bodies of water began 14c.; there are usually reckoned to be five of them, but this is arbitrary; also occasionally applied to smaller subdivisions, such as German Ocean "North Sea." Oceania "southern Pacific island and Australia, conceived as a continent," 1849, Modern Latin, from French Océanie (c. 1812). Apparently coined by Danish geographer Conrad Malte-Brun (1755-1826). Earlier in English as Oceanica (1832). Oceania was the name of one of the superstates in Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four." Oceanea, name of James Harrington's 17c. ideal state, later was applied to the British empire.

ochlocracy (n.) "government by the rabble," 1580s, from French ochlocratie (1560s), from Greek okhlokratia (Polybius) "mob rule," the lowest grade of democracy, from kratos "rule, power, strength" (see -cracy ) + okhlos "mob, populace," perhaps literally "moving mass," from PIE *wogh-lo-, from root *wegh- "to go, transport" in a vehicle (see weigh ). For sense development, compare mob (n.). Related: Ochlocratic; ochlocratical. Greek also had okhlagogos "mob-leader, ochlagogue." ochre (n.) type of clayey soil (much used in pigments), late 14c., from Old French ocre (c. 1300) and directly from Late Latin ocra, from Latin ochra , from Greek ochra, from ochros "pale yellow," of unknown origin. As a color name, "brownish-yellow," it is attested from mid-15c. Related: Ochreous.

octa- before vowels oct-, word-forming element meaning "eight," from Greek okta-, okt-, from PIE *okto(u) "eight" (see eight ). The variant form octo- often appears in words taken from Latin, but the Greek form is said to be the more common in English. octave (n.) c. 1300, utaves (plural, via Anglo-French from popular Old French form oitieve, otaves), reformed in early 15c., from Medieval Latin octava, from Latin octava dies "eighth day," fem. of octavus "eighth," from octo (see eight ). Originally "period of eight days after a festival," also "eighth day after a festival" (counting both days, by inclusive reckoning, thus if the festival was on a Sunday, the octaves would be the following Sunday).

Verse sense of "stanza of eight lines" is from 1580s; musical sense of "note eight diatonic degrees above (or below) a given note" is first recorded 1650s, from Latin octava (pars) "eighth part." Formerly English eighth was used in this sense (mid-15c.) odalisque (n.) "female slave in a harem," 1680s, from French odalisque (1660s), from Turkish odaliq "maidservant," from odah "room in a harem," literally "chamber, hall," + -liq, suffix expressing function. In French, the suffix was confused with Greek -isk(os) "of the nature of, belonging to." odd (adj.) c.

1300, "constituting a unit in excess of an even number," from Old Norse oddi "third or additional number," as in odda-maðr "third man, odd man (who gives the casting vote)," odda-tala "odd number." The literal meaning of Old Norse oddi is "point of land, angle" (related via notion of "triangle" to oddr "point of a weapon"); from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz "pointed upward" (source also of Old English ord "point of a weapon, spear, source, beginning," Old Frisian ord "point, place," Dutch oord "place, region," Old High German ort "point, angle," German Ort "place"), from PIE *uzdho- (source also of Lithuanian us-nis "thistle"). None of the other languages, however, shows the Old Norse development from "point" to "third number." Used from late 14c. to indicate a surplus over any given sum. Sense of "strange, peculiar" first attested 1580s from notion of "odd one out, unpaired one of three" (attested earlier, c.

1400, as "singular" in a positive sense of "renowned, rare, choice"). Odd job (c. 1770) is so called from notion of "not regular." Odd lot "incomplete or random set" is from 1897. The international order of Odd Fellows began as local social clubs in England, late 18c., with Masonic-type trappings; formally organized 1813 in Manchester. odds (n.) in wagering sense, found first in Shakespeare ("2 Henry IV," 1597), probably from earlier sense of "amount by which one thing exceeds or falls short of another" (1540s), from odd (q.v.), though the sense evolution is uncertain. Until 19c. treated as a singular, though obviously a plural (compare news). ode (n.) 1580s, from Middle French ode (c.

1500), from Late Latin ode "lyric song," from Greek oide, Attic contraction of aoide "song, ode;" related to aeidein (Attic aidein) "to sing;" aoidos (Attic oidos) "a singer, singing;" aude "voice, tone, sound," probably from a PIE *e-weid-, perhaps from root *wed- "to speak." In classical use, "a poem intended to be sung;" in modern use usually a rhymed lyric, often an address, usually dignified, rarely extending to 150 lines. Related: Odic.

Linguistics: Turkish words in your language Turkish words in your language Printed From: History Community ~ All Empires Category: Scholarly Pursuits Printed Date: 18-Jan-2017 at 06:26 Software Version: Web Wiz Forums 9.56a - Topic: Turkish words in your language Posted By: Alparslan1071 Subject: Turkish words in your language Date Posted: 21-Jun-2006 at 06:09 Dear Friends , I want to find turkish words in old Ottoman Empire land citizens.I met with my greek customers and we werespeaking in english.but of course they were speaking greek each other.I caugth lots of turkish words in their greek words. Sokagi=Sokak=Street Kalupi=Kalıp=Mould Also I met a syrian customer he was armenian and his origin from Antep(Ayntap)and he was speaking in Turkish with Antep dialect. I am from Adana and we say the little childs "bizdik" it was armenian and means "small child "in armenian.

Please send the turkish word in your language Serbs,Croats,Bosnians,greeks,Armenians,Georgians,Bulgarians,Arabs al perople from the world. Waiting for your replies. Date Posted: 21-Jun-2006 at 06:33 Kalderimi in greek is the road with cobble stones. Objects like kazani, doulapi, bairaki, Curses like tsoglani, 'ai sihtir' (phrase), haivani, boudalas, feleki (is it turkish?) Boulouki is a bunch of people Yavri is used to call (by my mum at least) a little child (it means young bird I think), it's often used as one word Yavrum=my yavri In older texts (19th cent) there are words like askeri (army), zaires (provisions, I guess), tabouri (still used, means a fortified, sort of, position), derveni is the mountain or the mountain passage Toufeki is the rifle. I don't know if you use it in turkish. It's persian however.

Yatagani is a weird curved sword very common until the 19th cent, hatzari is the scimitar, Kourkouti perhaps is turkish, tzieri is the liver Many foods, like Imam Baildi, kouskousi, (tziero)sarmas, sweets like Baklavas, Kazan Dipi, Taou Kioktsou (I think it sounds that way) It insults the dead when you treat life carelessly. Posted By: DayI Date Posted: 21-Jun-2006 at 07:20 we had a thread about in cultural forum (i think linguistal part of it). ------------- Date Posted: 21-Jun-2006 at 08:17 Dear Xristar, Feleki is correct.turkish.Yavri=yavru is like son or daugther.yavrukus=small bird. Tabouri=Tabur ;a big group of soldier Tuefeki we use in turkish. Touk Kiotsku =Tavuk gogsu Chicken Chest I am really happy to hear those words from you. Also we use lots of greek words in Turkish.

All Fish kinds. Because our roots from central asia and we do not know what is sea :) We took all the fishing words from greek also. Iskarmoz,Usturmaca,Lumboz,Pruva (i think this is from italians)Pupa,Aganta burina burinata, istavroz,Ayazma,Kilise,Efendi(a greek friend told me that it is coming from Atfendios or something?) Papas,Yortu, Date Posted: 21-Jun-2006 at 12:15 Efendi comes from Afthendis, which means master, overlord It seems tabouri has changed meaning in greek than in turkish. I have met it with a similar meaning of yours, but generally in greek its used as I said. It has also verb forms, tabouronomai= fortify myself. I recognized some fish names, but to be honest, I myself don't know the names of many fish. It insults the dead when you treat life carelessly.

Posted By: bg_turk Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 07:34 There are tons in Bulgarian, especially in the colloquial form. I love to annoy Bulgarians by pointing out some of the words they use are Turkish Some examples: I cannot think of any more ... I usually discover them during conversations. Posted By: Giannis Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 08:11 In Greece we also use djam, kofte and shkembe. In Thessaloniki we also use the word kardasi for brother. ------------- Give me a place to stand and I will move the world. Posted By: Akolouthos Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 08:16 Does anyone know whether or not any Turkish words made it into the English language, or influenced pre-existing English words? Posted By: Giannis Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 08:26 I can think only of one ''bazaar'', but I can't say for sure if it's of turkish or arabic origin.

------------- Give me a place to stand and I will move the world. Posted By: bg_turk Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 08:32 Originally posted by Akolouthos Does anyone know whether or not any Turkish words made it into the English language, or influenced pre-existing English words? The only Turkish word in English I am aware of is Yoghurt. (yogurt in Turkish) Posted By: Cyrus Shahmiri Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 09:14 Just open the "GH" sections of a Persian dictionary!

Ghaan: King Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 10:36 Toke this from TDK site a long time ago: HANG� D�LDE NE KADAR T�RK�E S�ZC�K VAR Akal�n, yaz� dilimizdeki yakla��k 400 al�nt�ya kar��l�k Yunanca'ya yakla��k 3 bin T�rk�e k�kenli s�z verildi�ini vurgulayarak, ''Macarca'dan ald���m�z 18 s�ze kar��l�k bu dilde yakla��k 2 bin T�rk�e al�nt� var. T�rkiye T�rk�esi'nde Rus�a al�nt� 38 iken, Rus�a'daki T�rk�e al�nt�lar yakla��k 2500'd�r.

B�t�n bunlar T�rk�e'nin kom�u uluslar� ve k�lt�rleri b�y�k �l��de etkiledi�ini g�steriyor'' diye konu�tu.

Akal�n, �ince'de 307, Fars�a'da yakla��k 3 bin, Urduca'da 227, Arap�a'da yakla��k 2 bin, Ukraynaca'da 747, Ermenice'de 4 bin 262, Fince'de 118, Rumence'de yakla��k 3 bin, Bulgarca'da yakla��k 3 bin 500, S�rp�a'da 8 bin 742, �ek�e'de 248, �talyanca'da 146, Arnavut�a'da yakla��k 3 bin, �ngilizce'de 470, Almanca'da 166 T�rk�e k�kenli s�zc�k oldu�u ortaya konuldu�unu anlatt�.

Akan�n, ''Listeden anla��laca�� gibi, bir s�zc���m�z�n birka� dile ge�ti�ini g�z �n�ne ald���m�zda d�nya dillerindeki T�rk�e k�kenli s�zc�klerin say�s�n�n 35-40 bin civar�nda oldu�u g�r�l�r'' dedi. quick translation: How many Turkish words are in wich language: Weve loaned from Greek around 400 words but we gave them almost 3000 words, so is with hungarian, weve loaned 18 hungarian words but we gave them almost 2 000 Turkish words, in Turkey's Turkish there are 38 Russian words borrowed but we gave them almost 2500 words.

Also there are in Chinese 307, Persian almost 3 000, Urdu 227, Arabic almost 2 000, ukranian 747, armenian 4 262, finnish 118, Romanian almost 3 000, Bulgarian almost 3 500, serbian 8 742, czech 248, italian 146, Albanian almost 3 000, English 470 and in German 166 words loaned from Turkish. As you see Serbian and Armenian languages have the most loaned words from Turkish, but serbian suprises me over there...

edit: Yiannis you confused me but thanks for the tip (loaned) ------------- Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 10:48 Originally posted by DayI Weve borrowed from Greek around 400 words but we gave them almost 3000 words, so is with hungarian, weve borrowed 18 hungarian words but we gave them almost 2 000 Turkish words, in Turkey's Turkish there are 38 Russian words borrowed but we gave them almost 2500 words. Interesting, you're giving words to others but you're just borrowing from them When it comes to Greek, I suppose you don't include the loans from other languages, that are actually Greek? Especially technical or scientific terms, like most of the -ology words, words like cinema, theatre, comedy, airplane etc... seems an aufull more that 400 to me. I just realize that TDK was the comitee formed by Ataturk to "purify" the Turkish language from the Persian and Arabic elements in 1923, interesting I didn't know that! ------------- The basis of a democratic state is liberty.

Aristotle, Politics Those that can give up essential liberty to obtain a temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. Benjamin Franklin Posted By: Mortaza Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 11:00 When it comes to Greek, I suppose you don't include the loans from other languages, that are actually Greek? Especially technical or scientific terms, like most of the -ology words, words like cinema, theatre, comedy, airplane etc... seems an aufull more that 400 to me. Most probably that words were accepted as english or french. Posted By: DayI Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 11:05 Originally posted by Yiannis Originally posted by DayI Weve borrowed from Greek around 400 words but we gave them almost 3000 words, so is with hungarian, weve borrowed 18 hungarian words but we gave them almost 2 000 Turkish words, in Turkey's Turkish there are 38 Russian words borrowed but we gave them almost 2500 words.

Interesting, you're giving words to others but you're just borrowing from them When it comes to Greek, I suppose you don't include the loans from other languages, that are actually Greek? Especially technical or scientific terms, like most of the -ology words, words like cinema, theatre, comedy, airplane etc... seems an aufull more that 400 to me. I just realize that TDK was the comitee formed by Ataturk to "purify" the Turkish language from the Persian and Arabic elements in 1923, interesting I didn't know that! TDK whasnt formed for "purify" the Turkish language, it whas formed for finding, using the existing Turkish word for another loaned word (mostly arabic i think). Here are the list of how many words we loaned from other languages: german 99, arabic 6455, ottoman turkish 43, portugese 3, russian 37, slavic 21, greek 382 totally 14.394 foreign words I got those mailed a while ago, dunno from wich sources they are but these are the numbers.

------------- Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 11:10 Originally posted by Giannis I can think only of one ''bazaar'', but I can't say for sure if it's of turkish or arabic origin. I looked it up at dictionary.com and it says that it has Persian and Indo-European origins. I don't know how reliable the site is though, but I'm guessing thats it. ------------- "A patriot must always be ready to defend his country against his government." E.Abbey Posted By: xristar Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 13:12 The word 'horde', very common in many western languages has turco mongolic origin. Original form was 'ordu' (I think). It means 'army', but in the western languages it has gotten a meaning of a ruthless barbaric massive army. (In games you'll not hear about 'armies of darkness', or 'evil armies'. You'll find hordes) In Greek, in texts of the revolution (1821) it's commonly used with the normal meaning of the army.

To the turks: perhaps there are not many uniquely Greek words in the turkish language, but there are many universal Greek words. 'Limani' is I think a Greek word used only in Greek and also used in Turkish. I'm not sure though ------------- It insults the dead when you treat life carelessly. Posted By: bleda Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 13:24 liman from greek word bacanak i think used by turkey and greece ------------- Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 13:34 badjanak is also used in Bulgarian Posted By: DayI Date Posted: 22-Jun-2006 at 14:40 check this thread: Date Posted: 24-Jun-2006 at 03:39 Few words that I know which are turkish but used regulary in the Serbo-Croatian language Avlija Cibuk etc..I could probably name more but the brain is fried from Lasko and Niksicko beers, but this will suffice for now CHEERS!

Posted By: Alparslan1071 Date Posted: 25-Jun-2006 at 16:17 Giannis bazaar i think coming from Persian.bazargan is trader in persian also.I have a question to Cyrus.Cyrus Window=Pencere is it coming from Panch(Five) Chahra(Face)? is it like pentagon in persian. when i was in Iran i have found lots of word we use together. But also in Yugoslavia and Romaina and Bulgaria and greece. Some words meaning are different. Kert is village in armenian but it become Kent in turkish.That means modern city in Turkish. but in azerbaijan turkish it means village. When i was a guest in a armenian tavern in Moscow there was some food on the table.Kifte,Basturma,Sudjuk,Paner I told that i m very happy cause all the foods are familiar .They are turkish food. Vartan (my armenian colique )told me that They are not turkish they are armenian.but even the origin of the names are turkish.

I understood that in this area everything ours.mixed.everything some turkish some armenian some greek some persian. We can follow that point and become happy for that.anyone knows about the turkish speaking greeks?Karamanlica? Date Posted: 26-Jun-2006 at 10:01 Kert is village in armenian but it become Kent in turkish. "Kert" has no relation with the Turkish word kand or kent. "Kent" is from Sogdian, maning "city". ------------- Asli'mi el almis, harem diyorlar. Hastayim, derdime verem diyorlar, Date Posted: 27-Jun-2006 at 07:19 basibozuk kardesim maybe you are correct. but i think turks and armenians took it from Sogdian. it become kand or kent in turkish and kert in armenian.

Posted By: DayI Date Posted: 27-Jun-2006 at 14:10 Originally posted by Alparslan1071 basibozuk kardesim maybe you are correct. but i think turks and armenians took it from Sogdian. it become kand or kent in turkish and kert in armenian. we took many words from arabic, persian and sogdian and gave it to others but in a Turkifed form. ------------- Date Posted: 27-Jun-2006 at 14:20 Bu mıntıkanın dayısı where did you take this photo from?which movie? Date Posted: 28-Jun-2006 at 19:50 Turkic words in English Pasha Turk. honorary title formerly given to officers of high rank, 1646, from Turk. pasha, earlier basha, from bash "head, chief" (no clear distinction between -b- and -p- in Turk.), Earlier in Eng. as bashaw (1534).

bey "governor of a Turkish district," 1599, from Turk. bey, a title of honor, the Osmanli equivalent of Turk. beg. Seljuk Turk. dynasty of 11c.-13c., 1603 (Selzuccian), from Turk. seljuq, name of reputed ancestor of the dynasty. bosh 1834, from Turk., lit. "empty." Introduced and popularized in "Ayesha," popular romance novel by J.J. Morier (1780-1849). hummus 1955, from Turk. humus "mashed chick peas." dey (2) 1659, "title of a military commander in Muslim north Africa," from Turk. dai "maternal uncle," a friendly title used of older men, especially by the Janissaries of Algiers of their commanding officers. There were also deys in Tunis and Tripoli pirogi 1854, from Yiddish, from Rus. pl. of pirog "pie," perhaps borrowed from the Turkic language of the Kazan Tatars (cf. Turk.

borek). sofa 1625, "raised section of a floor, covered with carpets and cushions," from Turk. sofa, from Ar. suffah "bench." Meaning "long stuffed seat for reclining" is recorded from 1717. bridge (2) card game, 1886 (perhaps as early as 1843), an alteration of biritch, but the source and meaning of that are obscure. "Probably of Levantine origin, since some form of the game appears to have been long known in the Near East" [OED]. One guess is that it represents Turk. *bir-�� "one-three," since one hand is exposed and three are concealed. Cathay 1565, poetic name for "China," from M.L. Cataya, from Turk. Khitay, from Uighur Khitai, name of a Tatar dynasty that ruled Beijing 936-1122. Cossack 1598, from Rus. kozak, from Turk.

quzzak "adventurer, guerilla, nomad," from qaz "to wander khan c.1400, from Turk., lit. "lord, prince," contraction of khaqan "ruler, sovereign." Known in Europe since 13c., cf. L. chanis, Gk. kanes, O.Fr. chan. kielbasa 1953, from Pol. kielbasa "sausage" (Rus. kolbasa), perhaps from Turk. kulbasti, "grilled cutlet," lit. "pressed on the ashes." janizary "elite Turkish infantry," 1529, from Fr. janissaire, from It. giannizzero, from Turk. yenicheri, lit. "new troops," from yeni "new" + cheri "soldiery." Formed 1362 from slaves and prisoners of war, ranks filled over the years from tributary children of Christians, abolished 1826. uhlan "cavalryman," 1753, from Ger. Uhlan, from Pol. ulan "a lancer," from Turk.

oghlan "a youth." For sense evolution, cf. infantry. yogurt 1625, a mispronunciation of Turk. yogurt, in which the -g- is a "soft" sound, in many dialects closer to an Eng. "w." The root yog means roughly "to condense" and is related to yogun "intense," yogush "liquify" (of water vapor), yogur "knead." cassock c.1550, from M.Fr. casaque "long coat," probably ultimately from Turk. quzzak "nomad, adventurer," (the source of Cossack), an allusion to their typical riding coat. Or perhaps from Ar. kazagand, from Pers. kazhagand "padded coat," from kazh "raw silk" + agana "stuffed." odalisque 1681, "female slave in a harem," from Fr. odalisque (1664), from Turk. odaliq "maidservant," from odah "room in a harem," lit. "chamber, hall" + -liq, suffix expressing function.

In Fr., the suffix was confused with Gk. -isk(os) "of the nature of, belonging to." pastrami 1940, from Yiddish pastrame, from Rumanian pastrama, probably from Turk. pastrima, variant of basdirma "dried meat," from root *bas- "to press." The other possible origin of the Rumanian word is Mod.Gk. pastono "I salt," from classical Gk. pastos "sprinkled with salt, salted." Spelling in Eng. with -mi probably from influence of salami. Urdu official language of Pakistan, 1796, from Hindustani urdu "camp," from Turk. ordu (source of horde); short for zaban-i-urdu "language of the camp." Compare Dzongkha, a variant of Tibetan and the official language of Bhutan, lit. "the language of the fortress." lackey 1529, "footman, running footman, valet," from M.Fr. laquais "foot soldier, footman, servant" (15c.), probably from O.Prov.

lacai, from lecai "glutton, covetous," from lecar "to lick." Alternate etymology is via Fr. from Catalan alacay, from Arabic al-qadi "the judge." Yet another guess traces it through Sp. lacayo, from It. lacch�, from Mod.Gk. oulakes, from Turk. ulak "runner, courier." This suits the original sense better, but OED says It. lacch� is from French. Sense of "servile follower" appeared 1588. As a political term of abuse it dates from 1939 in communist jargon. Ayran 2nd Half of Art History through the 19th century at Academy of Art University - StudyBlue StudyBlue 2nd Half of Art History through the 19th century Candace G. What time period marks the Baroque era? This term applied to art and architecture of the 17th and early 18th century. Where did the term Baroque originate?

originated from the Portuguese word "barroco" which means "irregularly shaped pearl." Like many art history labels, the term Baroque was a derogatory name given to the art of the period by later historians who felt the artwork was perhaps too extravagant. Advertisement ) Does the term Baroque describe a specific style of art? the term is used not to describe a specific artistic style, but rather, an over-arching artistic movement that includes various regional styles taking place within a specific period of time. What was the Catholic Counter Reformation? During the mid 16th Century, the Catholic Church organized a military, diplomatic, and theological campaign against Protestantism lead by the Pope in Rome, which would continue throughout the 17th Century Baroque period. What was the goal of the Catholic Counter Reformation? to inspire devotion and piety in the population. Art and architecture would become major tools in the campaign to bring people back to the Catholic Church. What are characteristics of the Italian Baroque art? dynamic composition, Light is perhaps the most important formal element for the Baroque artists. What former style of art greatly influenced Italian Baroque artists?

the Italian Baroque found its influence in Ancient Greece's later Hellenistic period which favored a more dynamic approach to composition as well as subject matter. What was the theme of most Italian Baroque art? the majority of art production during the period focused on Catholic themes, especially the miracles of Christ and the Saints, with an emphasis on emotion and religious piety. St. Peters Basilica Remodel commissioned by Pope Julius Who are some of the artists that contributed to the remodel of St. Peters Basilica? Bramante and Michelangelo Who designed the facade of St. Peters? Carlo Maderno Who designed the oval shaped piazza in front of St. Peters Basilica? Bernini A Renaissance artist never would have used the egg-like shape over a perfect circle. The oval, however, became a favorite stylistic motif during the Baroque period which broke away from the strict adherence to geometry that dominated the Renaissance. Who was responsible for decorating the inside of St. Peters Basilica? Bernini (inside the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria) Commissioned the the Cornaro family Define gesamtkunstwerk.

Give an example The German term for a "total work of art" that employs more than one medium such as paint, sculpture, architecture and stained glass. Multi-media. Ecstasy of Saint Theresa Briefly explain the the legend behind the Ecstasy of St. Theresa. Theresa, a Spanish woman, converted to Catholicism upon her father's death after entering a series of trances during which she heard voices, had visions and experienced great pain. the pain she felt had been inflicted by a "fire-tipped arrow of divine love repeatedly thrust into her heart" by an angel. After her conversion, Theresa became a Carmelite nun, a mystic, and a beloved Saint. Caravaggio's Conversion of Saint Paul What was the most important element of Caravaggio's paintings? The most important formal element in Caravaggio's work is light. This artist was a pioneer in the area of representing light and is credited with developing a specific technique known as tenebrism: Caravaggio Define Tenebrism Give an example developed by Caravaggio, the Italian's call it "tenebroso" or painting in the "dark manner," use of dramatically contrasting dark-light effects in painting or film.

Conversion of Saint Paul, Calling of Saint Matthew & Judith Slaying Holofernes Calling of Saint Matthew Which painting is thought to be Caravaggio's most famous piece? Calling of Saint Matthew Produced at the same time as his Conversion of St. Paul, this painting is yet another secularized representation of the conversion of a saint characterized by the strong use of tenebrism Self Portrait What were Baroque artists influenced by Caravaggio's dramatic tenebrism technique often referred to as? Caravaggisti or "tenebrists." Who was Artemisia Gentileschi main influence for her painting? Caravaggio classical architecture and Arcadian landscape Fra Andrea Pozzo's Glorification of Saint Ignatius the nave of Sant' Ignazio in Rome This term refers to the technique of representing perspective in ceiling paintings. It literally means "from below upwards." di sotto in su The 16th and 17th-century military, diplomatic, and theological campaign against Protestantism lead by Papacy in Rome. The goal was to inspire devotion and piety in the population. Art and architecture were major tools in the Counter Reformation campaign to bring people back to the Catholic Church.

Catholic Counter Reformation A common narrative element that characterizes the subject matter of all regional styles of this type of Art. The depiction of a "moment" in time, when the action has been captured in mid-narration. Also means an irregular pearl. The Baroque movement The German term for a "total work of art" that employs more than one medium such as paint, sculpture, architecture and stained glass. Multi-media. Give an example gesamtkunstwerk Which country was a vast imperial power during the Baroque period? Spain Was Spain in favor of the Catholic Counter reformation or Protestant reformation during the Baroque period? Spain was a devout Catholic country staunchly supportive of the Catholic Counter Reformation. Which Italian artist were the Spanish artists most influenced by? Caravaggio Not only were the Spanish greatly influenced by his tenebrism, they also shared his sensibility when it came to depicting saints and his penchant for humanizing his subjects. What are characteristics of Spanish Baroque art?

secular Allegory of the Outbreak of War Peter Paul Rubins Rubens' manifesto on the horrors of war presented with all of the drama and dynamic characteristic of the artist's Baroque Van Dyck's Charles I Dismounted Who was Sir Anthony Van Dyck's teacher? Peter Paul Rubins What was Van Dyck's specialty in subject for painting? As painter to the English Court of King Charles I, Van Dyck honed his specialty of portraiture. His "court" style of portraiture, as seen here in Charles I Dismounted, would set the international standard for the genre. Where was Flanders?What is this region called today? The historical region of northwest Europe including parts of northern France, western Belgium, and southwest Netherlands along the North Sea. Today it is the Dutch-speaking region of northern Belgium. A style of painting in which the pigment is applied thickly or in heavy lumps. Impasto What is a manifesto? Give an example. A public declaration of one's principles, policies, or intentions, especially of a social or political nature. Las Meninas Martyrdom The suffering of death by a martyr. A martyr is someone who chooses to suffer death rather than renounce religious principles.

Define Optical Realism. An approach to painting mastered by Diego Velasquez in an effort to depict the optical properties of light and mass. In this case the term is used in to describe forms that are suggested through a series of individual layers of loosely applied paint, rather than constructed from detailed disegno. [ Las Meninas ] That which exhibits inexplicable or contradictory aspects. [ Las Meninas ] Paradox The systematic spread of ideas or information relating to a doctrine or cause, through materials including art and literature, reflecting the views and interests of those advocating such a doctrine or cause. Propaganda [ King Philip IV of Spain & Allegory of the Outbreak of War ] True or False: Allegory of the Outbreak of War was Rubens's manifesto on the horrors of war. True Who was the official court painter to Philip IV? Velazquez Velazquez was the master of a painting approach known as ________, which depicted the optical properties of light and mass. Optical Realism Many Spanish Baroque painters used the ________ technique in their work. Tenebrism True or False: Flanders was a staunchly Protestant region under Spanish rule. False The subject matter of Las Meninas can be described as a(n) ________.

Paradox Spanish Baroque artists favored ________ representations of saints. realistic Which artist is credited with creating the Baroque style of New St. Peter's Cathedral? Bernini Where is the Baldacchino located? St. Peters in Vatican City True or False: Artemisia Gentileschi is considered a Caravaggisti. True Tenebrism is also known as painting in the _______ manner. dark Bernini's version of David depicts the hero ________ his battle with the giant. during The Catholic Church praised Caravaggio's representations of the saints. False Pozzo's Glorification of St. Ignatius exhibits what painting technique? di sotto in su What are characteristics of Dutch Baroque art? Detail Frans Hals What was the greatest distinction between Dutch Baroque painters and the other Baroque painters? The Dutch were Calvinist Protestants who rejected church decoration and overt religious art. The Dutch had little interest in classicism, paganism or fervent recounts of Saints' miracles and martyrdoms. What year was the Dutch Republic formed? 1648 It remained totally independent from Spain and the Catholic Counter Reformation. What was unique about the opportunities artists had in Holland?

totally independent from Spain and the Catholic Counter Reformation region was known for its wealth, powerful trade industry No absolute Monarchy Strong Middle Class Europe's first true art markets was established. As a result, artists became independent, enabling them to express more artistic freedom. Rembrandt Who was Rembrandt influenced by? Protestant Reformation What was Rembrandt's greatest contribution to the medium of painting? innovations in representing light How does Rembrandt's lighting technique differ than that of Caravagio's? Rembrandt's lighting technique is less exact and theatrical than Caravaggio's. His is a more gradual, natural approach to representing light, taking into consideration the way our eye views light and shadow. Rembrandt captures the way light responds to an object naturally. Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq Rembrandt What is Rembrandt's most famous work? Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq Rembrandt Self-Portrait Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving the Children Rembrandt Jan Vermeer's Allegory of the Art of Painting Vermeer is best known for: genre scenes still lifes depictions of neat, quiet domestic interiors.

He painted ordinary people and objects, but presented them with a fresh eye, emphasizing their simple beauty How did Vermeer represent shadows? He realized that shadows are actually made of colors such as blue and purple and brown rather than of black and white. Thus, Vermeer used no black pigment when representing light or shadow. Still Life with Oysters, Rum, Glass, & Silver Cup by Willem Claesz Heda What is a vanitas painting? paintings that include references to death, decay or loss. These images are subtler than a momento mori but convey a similar message about mortality and the fleeting nature of life. What components must a still life painting have? didactic message a compositional complexity of tension and balance. Adoration of the Shepherds Georges de la Tour What did the beginning of the Baroque era mark for France? the beginning of an extremely fertile artistic era not experienced in the region since the Gothic Age. In this era that lasted from the late 17th through the late 19th Centuries, France would become the cultural and artistic center of Europe. Nicolas Poussin Who was the master of French Baroque painting? Academic painter Nicolas Poussin. Where did Poussin find his inspiration?

Poussin spent most of his life in Rome, which is where his appreciation of the classical world began and where he found his inspiration. Who were two painters that influenced Poussin? Raphael and Titian Artists who followed Poussin's classicized linear approach are known as: Poussinistes What type of scenes did Poussin believe in painting? Only historical and religious scenes should be painted. He considered genre scenes to be "low" and unworthy of an artist's attention. He also felt that these subjects should convey a didactic message. Claude Lorrain Landscape with Cattle and Peasants Lorrain was the Baroque master of what? Landscapes Did Lorrain's paintings have a didactic message? No. The artist instead preferred to let the beauty of the landscape speak for itself. Louis XIV Hyacinthe Rigaud What does Arcadian refer to? Depictions of an idyllic place of rural peace and simplicity. Derived from " Arcadia," an ancient district in Greece. Give 2 examples of Baroque Arcadian paintings. Et in Arcadia Ego & Landscape with Cattle and Peasants What is a Camera Obscura?

- An ancestor of the modern camera in which a tiny pinhole, acting as a lens, projects an image on a screen, the wall of a room, or the ground-glass wall of a box; used by artists in the 17th, 18th, and early 19th Centuries as an aid in drawing from nature. [ Allegory of the Art of Painting ] Landscapes painted or planted in the manner of Claude Lorrain's style and compositional arrangement. Claudian landscape Ex: Landscape with Cattle and Peasants A reminder of human mortality, usually represented by a skull. Momento Mori A term describing paintings that include references to death. Vanitas Still Life with Oysters, Rum, Glass, & Silver Cup The Baroque style in Holland is referred to as ________ Baroque. Dutch The style inspired by landscape painter Claude Lorrain is known as ________. Claudian Most scholars agree that Allegory of the Art of Painting contains a portrait of ________. Vermeer King Louis XIV was also known as ________. The Sun King Heda's Still Life with Oysters, Rum, Glass, and Silver Cup is considered to be a(n) ________.

Vanitas Rembrandt's etching Christ with the Sick around Him is popularly known as the: Hundred Guilder Print. True or False: Rembrandt's Night Watch depicts an event that takes place at night. False True or False: Nicolas Poussin was more interested in color than line. False What was a camera obscura? The camera obscura is an ancestor of the modern camera used by artists as an aid in drawing from nature. Artists influenced by the style and philosophy of French painter Poussin are known as ________. Poussinistes Georges de la Tour was influenced by ________ technique. Caravaggio's tenebrism True or False: Frans Hals specialized in didactic religious paintings of saints. False True or False: Rembrandt believed that light was ever changing, not static or fixed. True True or False: Vermeer never used black pigment to create light and shadow. True What is the origin of the term Rococo? It comes from the French word "rocaille" which means "pebble." It refers to the tiny stones and shells used to decorate the inside of picturesque caves known as grottos which were popular in French gardens at the time.

Describe the life-style of the Rococo period. Society revolved around picnics, opera, and parties. In the elaborately decorated Parisian apartments know as "hotels" women of the Aristocracy would host diverse social gatherings in their living rooms or "salons." It is because of this female influence that many have characterized the Rococo style as having a decidedly feminine flavor. What are characteristics of Rococo art? delicate Who was the premiere painter of the French Rococo period? Watteau A member of the French academy, The artist was Flemish by birth and a great admire of Rubens. Antoine Watteau's L'Indifferent Where or what is Cythera? The mythical island of love. Cupid a Captive Boucher Who did Boucher paint for? Boucher was the painter to King Louis XV's mistress, Madame de Pompadour. Through his association with her, Boucher became very popular and a favorite at the court of Versailles. What was Boucher known commonly to paint? Although he was known for his exquisite portraits of the Aristocracy, Boucher is best remembered for his erotic scenes of playful lovers and Arcadian allegories. What was Boucher's favorite thing to paint?

Mythological nudes set in landscapes. Fragonard's Swing What is another title for the period of the enlightenment? Age of Reason What was the Enlightenment? - To understand the natural world and humankind's place in it solely on the basis of reason and without turning to religious belief was the goal of the wide-ranging intellectual movement called the Enlightenment. The movement claimed the allegiance of a majority of thinkers during the 17th and 18th centuries, What was the goal of the Enlightenment? to understand the natural world and humankind's place in it solely on the basis of reason and without turning to religious belief. Define Empirical Knowledge a conflict between religion and the inquiring mind that wanted to know and understand through reason based on evidence and proof Three of the chief sources for Enlightenment thought were: Greek philosophers scientific revolution of the late middle ages. Who were the leaders of the Enlightenment revolution: Francis Bacon wealthy businessman and economic reformer. Yet he is remembered best as an advocate of human rights. "A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery" by Joseph Wright What were the key issues in the age of Enlightenment?

Science and technology Basin of San Marco from San Giorgio Maggiore by Canaletto What is a type of naturalistic landscape and cityscape painting popular in 18th Century Venice. It literally means "view." Give an example. Veduta -[ Basin of San Marco from San Giorgio Maggiore ] Did Canaletto use a camera obscura to paint? Yes. Grace at Table by Chardin Who were 2 artists that disapproved of the decadent lifestyle and artificiality of emotion embodied in the work of Rococo masters? Chardin Describe the work of Jean-Baptiste Greuze emphasis on emotion and sentiment didactic message moral educator of the people saw his art as a means of effecting social change. The Breakfast Scene from Marriage a la Mode William Hogarth What did William Hogarth specialize in his art? English printmaker and engraver and a great chronicler of life in London who specialized in satire. Elisabeth Louise Vigee-Lebrun Self Portrait She was a member of the French Academy of Art and the court painter to the Queen of France, Marie Antoinette. Elisabeth Louise Vigee-Lebrun What was Vigee-Lebrun most known for?

She is best known for her portraits and images of women and children, all of which lack the typical Rococo frivolity. Portrait of Paul Revere by John Singleton Copley What was the stylel known as that the Portrait of Paul Revere by John Singleton Copley was painted in? "American Realism." What are characteristics of American Realism in painting? clear economic use of detail and precision Some have called the style "plain" A type of Rococo painting depicting the outdoor amusements of upper-class society. Fete galante [ Return from Cythera ] What is a Rubeniste? Artists who followed Rubens' expressionistic use of color and loose-painterly brush approach are known as "Rubenistes." [ Return from Cythera ] A novel, play or painting that ridicules people's hypocrisy or foolishness, often by using humor or parody Satire: "Breakfast Scene" from Marriage a la Mode A type of naturalistic landscape and cityscape painting popular in 18th Century Venice. It literally means "view." Veduta Basin of San Marco from San Giorgio Maggiore What inspired neoclassicism?

excavations of the ancient roman cities Pompeii and Herculaneum largely inspired this renewed interest in the 18th century. Stylistically what characterizes neoclassical art? subdued palette emphasizing primary colors flat, linear, shallow line; classically inspired statuesque figures; What is the other name for neoclassical artists? Poussinistes What were the usual subjects of neoclassical art? classical or contemporary history scenes conveying themes of moral virtue, civic duty, heroism and self-sacrifice. These didactic moral lessons are conveyed through a seriousness of display known as gravitas. Cornelia Presenting her Children as Treasures by Angelica Kauffmann Who was the quintessential Neoclassical artist in France? Jacques-Louis David Jaques-Louis David believed in what? didactic images of classical history grand spectacles of propaganda for the French leader who envisioned France as a modern-day incarnation of the Roman Empire, Napoleon Bonaparte. David's What is David's most famous work and an iconic Neoclassical painting? Oath of the Horatii Death of Marat Who was Marat?

He was a figure in the French Revolution who published newspapers about the revolution and was one of the most radical voices. He was killed by Charlotte Corday David's Coronation of Napoleon Did David prefer line over color? Yes, he relied heavily on the process of disegno. Church of Sainte-Genevieve (The Pantheon) by Soufflot Chiswick House designed by Richard Boyle and William Kent Thomas Jefferson's Monticello United States Capitol by Benjamin Latrobe An example or model of virtue. Exemplum Virtutis Cornelia Presenting her Children as Treasures The political overthrow of the French monarchy by the people of France in 1789 in which bloody uprisings gave way to democratic transformations. The French Revolution Oath of the Horatii, The Death of Marat What is Gravitas? A seriousness or sobriety displayed though restrained emotion, dignity and heroism associated with ancient Rome, popularized in Neoclassical art. [Oath of the Horatii, The Death of Marat] The late 18th, early 19th Century movement in art that encompassed painting, sculpture and architecture inspired by a renewed interest in classical antiquity.

Classicism The dictatorial ruler of France from 1799 to 1815 who wanted to dedicate his reign to building a French state according to the principles of the Revolution. Napolean A simple architectural style popular in 18th Century England and America based on the classical Roman inspired designs of Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio Palladian style Chiswick House, Monticello Artists who followed Poussin's classicized linear approach to line and interest in historical moralistic narrative paintings are known as Poussinistes Cornelia Presenting her Children as Treasures, The Coronation of Napoleon The systematic spread of ideas or information relating to a doctrine or cause, through materials including art and literature, reflecting the views and interests of those advocating such a doctrine or cause. Propoganda Oath of the Horatii, The Coronation of Napoleon The Nightmare by Henry Fuseli Beginning around 1750 and ending about 1850, a western cultural movement encompassing fine art, literature and music, which gave precedence to feeling, imagination and freedom over reason and thought Romanticism Concept of the awe-inspiring relating to the terror, obscurity, vastness, and beauty of man and nature.

The Sublime The Nightmare, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, The Third of May, Saturn Devouring His Children, Raft of the Medusa, Death of Sardanapalus & The Slave Ship Who developed the concept of the sublime? philosopher Edmund Burke What linked Romantic artists together? Their fierce individuality, expression of freedom and rejection of the strict academic tradition. We can think of Romanticism as the artistic period between Neoclassicism and Realism. Ingres' Who did Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres study with? Ingres began his artistic career as a Neoclassical painter who studied with Jacques-Louis David. How is Ingres' painting style defined? Ingres' Poussiniste painting technique is characterized by clarity of outline and a tight, linear style. Odalisque - A concubine or woman slave in a harem. A French term originating from the Turkish word "odalik." [ Grande Odalisque ] What does The Nightmare by Henry Fuseli explore? The unconscious mind. Nightmares of course relate to imagination and the erotic, often evoking aspects of the Sublime including terror, horror and obscurity. What is an incubus?

An incubus is a medieval demon/spirit said to visit women in the night, often engaging in sexual relations with them Goya's The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters Describe the Spaniard Francisco Jose de Goya's style of painting An artistic innovator who was interested in social and political issues and served as the official painter to the court of Spain. Goya's dramatic and compelling art reflects his deep concern for, and experience with, the events and issues of his day. What is a caprice? A "caprice" is an impulsive change of mind. Goya's What is Goya's most famous work of art? The Third of May What happened on the 3rd of May? 1808 when, in an attempt to overthrow his father King Charles IV, Ferdinand VII invited Napoleon and his army into Spain. When Napoleon's troops marched into Madrid in early May of 1808 they were shot at by a group of Spaniards. In retaliation and to establish their power and presence, the French troops systematically executed 5,000 Spanish civilians In what style does Goya paint in? Goya's expressionistic use of line and color is decidedly Rubeniste.

Goya's The Raft of the Medusa What defined a 2nd generation painter in France? Painters who were born after the Revolution of 1789. What characteristics defined 2nd generation painters in France? highly coloristic Rubeniste approach dynamic, twisting figures, muscular bodies, dramatic movement contemporary history scenes This style was the antithesis of Ingres' style and the two French approaches to Romanticism began to compete for the public's favor. In what style did Eugene Delacroix paint? a Rubeniste employing painterly brushwork, expressionistic color and light, high drama and an emphasis on emotion. However, Delacroix used less light in his compositions than Gericault. What was the most important element for Delacroix in painting? For Delacroix color was the most important formal element. Death of Sardanapalus Delacroix in 1826 What was the Death of Sardanapalus inspired by? The narrative poem "Sardanapalus" by the great romantic poet Lord Byron. Haywain - The principle ideas or beliefs that characterize a particular class, group or movement. What was the realist manifesto?

The public declaration by the Realists of their ideological stance regarding painting and the purpose of art written by Gustave Courbet. [ Burial at Ornans ] What shaped the realist movement? Realism was shaped by the various industrial, intellectual, and working class revolutions taking place throughout France and Europe at the time. Realism strove to elevate the humble existence of the urban working class and rural farmer to the level of acceptable artistic subject matter. Gustave Courbet Burial at Ornans Who was known as the Father of Realism? Courbet is known as the "Father of Realism." Courbet was a self-taught painter who admired the masters of 17th Century Baroque realism. What did Courbet's Realist Manifesto declare? He believed that it was his duty to depict the customs and appearance of his own time. He believed that art cannot be taught because art is completely individual and the art of painting can only consist of that which is visible and tangible to the artist.

1857, Paris Significance: Realism; painting of working class in intense poverty; harmonious composition with landscape; idea of everyday heroes--> dignifying peasants 1863 - 1865 What was the first true artistic revolution in Western Europe since the Renaissance: Impressionism What were the subjects of most Impressionist painters? scenes of contemporary middle-class Parisian life images of landscapes. The Impressionists were interested in the immediacy of visual impressions. What was the most important element for Impressionist painters? The most important formal element for the Impressionists was light. They used short, choppy brushstrokes in order to capture the vibrating quality of light and the immediacy of the "impression." Pierre-Auguste Renoir "Le Moulin de la Galette" What were Monet's favorite subjects to paint? Nature and architecture What were Renoir's favorite subjects to paint? Renoir's favorite subject was the human form. Many of his images have the point of view of the voyeur. Bar at the Folies-Bergere, Edouard Manet The Tub by Edgar Degas What type of medium did Degas work in?

Degas was an artist who worked in a variety of media including: oil, pastel, and graphic prints. A style of Japanese genre painting ("pictures of the floating world") that influenced 19th Century Western art. [ The Bath ] Ukiyo-e prints

Question: Deriving from a Turkish word for a maidservant, what French name is given to a female slave in a harem?
Answer: Odalisque