Viroconium Cornoviorum : definition of Viroconium Cornoviorum and synonyms of Viroconium Cornoviorum (English) 8 External links Name According to Rivet and Smith, [3] viro-, may mean either "true" or "man". The second, -conium is unknown, but it seems to refer to some large geographic feature such as a lake or a forest. Jackson suggests the name is a Latin form of the Brythonic Uriconon which would have been applied to the nearby hill fort on The Wrekin . It is possible that the name is related to Welsh Gwrgi, Breton Gurki, and Irish Ferchu, meaning "Man-hound" or "Werewolf", which would have been nominative singular *Uirocu (oblique *Uirocon-) in Brittonic; Viroconium would then be "(The Place of/belonging to) Uirocu". The suffix, Cornoviorum, means "of the Cornovii ", the local tribe, whose civitas it became.

Roman town The recreation of a Roman town house at Viroconium Viroconium was established about AD 58 as a legionary fortress for the XIVth legion during their invasion of what is now Wales . They were later replaced by the XXth legion , until the fortress was abandoned by the military around AD 88. At this time the civilian settlement, which had grown up around the fort, took over the site. By AD 130 it had expanded to cover an area of more than 173 acres (70 ha). Viroconium was then fitted out with an impressive set of public buildings, including baths and a colonnaded forum dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian , as shown by the remains of a fine inscription. Simpler temples and shops have also been excavated. At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000 people. [1] Post-Roman town Remains of the public baths , known as "The Old Work" The 5th century saw continued town life in Viroconium but many of the buildings fell into disrepair.

Uncharacteristically, at a time when most Roman urban sites and villas in Britain were being abandoned, [4] between 530 and 570 there was a substantial rebuilding programme, with most of the old basilica being carefully demolished and replaced with new timber-framed buildings on rubble platforms. These probably included a very large two-storey building and a number of storage buildings and houses. In all 33 new buildings were built. The archaeologists responsible for the most recent excavations comment that "their construction was carefully planned and executed..." and "were skillfully constructed to Roman measurements using a trained labour force". [5] Who instigated this rebuilding programme is not known, but it may have been a bishop. [6] Some of the buildings were renewed three times and the community probably lasted about 75 years until for some reason many of the buildings were dismantled. [7] The site was probably abandoned in the second half of the 7th century, but some academics believe lasted until the beginning of the 8th century. The occupation in the town seems to have ended peacefully, possibly in the late 7th or early 8th century (Barker et al forthcoming).

[8] Wroxeter Roman City Impressive standing remains survive and further buildings have been excavated. These include "the Old Work" – an archway, part of the baths' frigidarium and the largest free-standing Roman ruin in England – and the remains of a baths complex. These are on display to the public and, along with a small museum, are looked after by English Heritage under the name "Wroxeter Roman City". Some of the more important finds are housed in the Rowley's House Museum in Shrewsbury . Most of the town still remains buried, but it has largely been mapped through archaeological geophysics and aerial archaeology . A reconstructed Roman villa was opened to the public on 19 February 2011. [9] It was designed to give visitors an insight into Roman building techniques and how the Romans lived. [10] A Channel 4 TV series Rome Wasn't Built in a Day [11] showed the construction using authentic ancient techniques. The builders were assisted by a team of local volunteers and supervised by archaeologist Dai Morgan Evans , who designed the villa on behalf of English Heritage . Literature A. E.

Housman refers to the town as "Uricon" in his poem On Wenlock Edge in A Shropshire Lad . Wilfred Owen saw archaeological digs in progress at Wroxeter and refers to it in his 1913 poem, "Uriconium: an Ode". [12] "Viroconium" is a poem by the Shropshire novelist and poet Mary Webb . [13] The town of Viroconium in its latter days is featured in Rosemary Sutcliff 's 1961 historical novel Dawn Wind , part of her Roman-Britain series following the descendants of the lead character from Eagle of the Ninth . See also: Viriconium , a fictional town with a similar name, which gives its name to M. John Harrison 's cycle of science fiction and fantasy novels and stories set in and around it. Notes ^ Representative Poetry Online - Mary Webb : Viroconium References Aston, Michael; Bond, James (1976). The Landscape of Towns. Archaeology in the Field Series. London: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd. pp. 45–48, 51–54.

ISBN 0-460-04194-0 . Anderson, J. Corbet. The Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Salop. - Illustrative of the History and Social Life of Our Romano-British Forefathers. London: J. Russell Smith, 1867. Atkinson, Donald. British Archaeological Society: Report on the Excavations at Wroxeter (the Roman City of Viroconium) in the County of Salop, 1923-1927. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. Barker, Philip, Ed. Wroxeter Roman City: Excavations 1966-1980. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1980. Barker, Philip, and Webster, Graham. From Roman Viroconium to medieval Wroxeter: recent work on the site of the Roman city of Wroxeter. Worcester: West Mercian Archaeological Consultants, 1990. ISBN 0-9516274-1-4 Barker, Philip, and White, Roger.

Wroxeter Roman City (English Heritage Guidebooks). Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 1999. ISBN 01850746982 Barker, Philip; White, Roger; Corbishley, Mike, et al. The Basilica Baths, Wroxeter. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 1998. ISBN 01850745285 Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1912 (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 1). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1913. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1913: Second Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 2). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1915. Bushe-Fox, J. P.

Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1914: Third Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 4). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1916. De la Bedoyere, Guy. (1991). The Buildings of Roman Britain. Ellis, Peter. The Roman Baths and Macellum at Wroxeter. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 2000. ISBN 01850746060 Ellis, Peter, and White, Roger. 'Wroxeter Archaeology Excavation and Research on the Defences and in the Town - 1968-1992.' in Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. 78. Shrewsbury, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 2006. ISBN 0-9501227-8-5 Fox, George E. A Guide to the Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Shropshire.

Wellington, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 1927. Frere, S. S. Britannia: a History of Roman Britain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-7102-1215-1 Gaffney, V. L., and White, R. H. (2007). 'Wroxeter, the Cornovii, and the Urban Process: Final Report on the Wroxeter Hinterland Project 1994-1997', Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, No. 68. Jackson, Kenneth. (1970). 'An Appendix on the Place Names of the British Section of the Antonine Itinerary' in Britannia, 1. Morris, J. A. Kenyon, Kathleen M. Excavations at Viroconium, 1936-1937. Shrewsbury, Shrops. Shropshire Archaeological Society, 1937. Rivet, A. L. F., and Smith, Colin. (1979). The Place-Names of Roman Britain.

Urban, Sylvanus. 'The Roman City of Uriconium.' Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review, 1859. 206: 447-458. Webster, Graham. The Cornovii. London: Sutton, 1991. ISBN 0-86299-877-8 Webster, Graham. The Legionary Fortress at Wroxeter: Excavations by Graham Webster, 1955-1985. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 2002. ISBN 01850746850 Webster, Graham. The Roman Army. London: Grosvenor Museum, 1973. ISBN 0-903235-05-6 Webster, Graham, The Roman Imperial Army: Of the First and Second Centuries A.D. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press , 1998. ISBN 0-8061-3000-8 Webster, Graham, and Barker, Philip. Viroconium, Wroxeter Roman City.

London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1966 & 1978. ISBN 0-11-670323-7 White, Roger, and Barker, Philip. Wroxeter: Life & Death of a Roman City. Stroud, Glos.: Tempus Publishing Ltd., 1998. ISBN 978-0-7524-1409-6 White, Thomas. A Guide to the Ruins of Uriconium, at Wroxeter, Near Shresbury. Kessinger Publishing , 2009. ISBN 0111120289734, BiblioBazaar , 2010. 1143796403, Nabu Press , 2010. ISBN 01143637054 White, Thomas. Uriconium; A Historical Account of the Ancient Roman City, and of the Excavations Made Upon Its Site, at Wroxeter, in Shropshire. General Books , 2010.

ISBN 01152210491 External links Viroconium Cornoviorum : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki More info on Viroconium Cornoviorum Wikis Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Roman ruins of Viroconium Cornoviorum, photographed during excavation by Francis Bedford and digitally restored. Viroconium Cornoviorum, or simply Viroconium, was a Roman town, one corner of which is now occupied by the small village of Wroxeter in the English county of Shropshire , about 8 km (5 miles) east-south-east of Shrewsbury . At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000 people. [1] Contents 8 External links Name According to Rivet and Smith, [2] viro-, may mean either 'true' or 'man'.

The second, '-conium' is unknown, although it appears to refer to some large geographic feature such as a lake or a forest. Jackson suggests the name is a Latin form of the Brythonic Uriconon which would have been applied to the nearby hill fort on The Wrekin . It is possible that the name is related to Welsh Gwrgi, Breton Gurki, and Irish Ferchu, meaning "Man-hound" or "Werewolf", which would have been nominative singular *Uirocu (oblique *Uirocon-) in Brittonic; Viroconium would then be "(The Place of/belonging to) Uirocu". The suffix, Cornoviorum, means 'of the Cornovii ', the local tribe, whose civitas capital it became. Roman town Viroconium was established about AD 58 as a legionary fortress for the XIVth legion during their invasion of what is now Wales and the formation of what was to become Roman Wales . They were later replaced by the XXth legion , until the fortress was abandoned by the military around AD 88. At this time the civilian settlement, which had grown up around the fort, took over the site.

By AD 130 it had expanded to cover an area of more than 173 acres (70 ha). Viroconium was then fitted out with an impressive set of public buildings, including public baths and a colonnaded forum dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian , as shown by the remains of a fine inscription. Simpler temples and shops have also been excavated. At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000 people. [1] Post-Roman town The ruins of the Roman city at Wroxeter , in a modern photograph. The fifth century saw continued town life in Viroconium but many of the buildings fell into disrepair. However, between 530 and 570 there was a substantial rebuilding programme in timber with most of the old basilica being demolished and replaced with new buildings. These probably included a very large two-story timber-framed building and a number of storage buildings and houses. In all, 33 new buildings were constructed.

The archaeologists responsible for the most recent excavations comment that "their construction was carefully planned and executed..." and "were skillfully constructed to Roman measurements using a trained labour force". [3] Who instigated this rebuilding program is not known, although it may have been a bishop. [4] Some of the buildings were renewed three times and the community probably lasted about 75 years until for some reason many of the buildings were dismantled. [5] Wroxeter Roman City Impressive standing remains survive and further buildings have been excavated. This includes 'the Old Work', an archway - part of the baths' frigidarium - that is the largest free-standing Roman ruin in England and the remains of a baths complex. These are on display to the public and, along with a small museum, are looked after by English Heritage under the name Wroxeter Roman City. Some of the more important finds are housed in the Rowley's House Museum in Shrewsbury . Most of the town still remains buried, but it has largely been mapped through archaeological geophysics and aerial archaeology . Literature A. E. Housman refers to the town as "Uricon" in his poem A Shropshire Lad .

Wilfred Owen saw archaeological digs in progress at Wroxeter and refers to it in his 1913 poem, "Uriconium: an Ode". [6] "Viroconium" is a poem by the Shropshire novelist and poet Mary Webb . [7] See also: Viriconium , a fictional town with a similar name, which gives its name to M. John Harrison 's cycle of science fiction and fantasy novels and stories set in and around it.

Notes ^ a b Frere, Britannia, p.253 ^ Rivet and Smith, The Placenames of Roman Britain, the first part ^ White, Roger; Philp Barker Wroxter:Life & Death of a Roman City Tempus Publishing, 1998 ISBN:978-0752414096 pp.121-128 ^ White, Roger; Philp Barker Wroxter:Life & Death of a Roman City Tempus Publishing, 1998 ISBN:978-0752414096 p.125 ^ White, Roger; Philp Barker Wroxter:Life & Death of a Roman City Tempus Publishing, 1998 ISBN:978-0752414096 p.136 S. S. Frere. Britannia: a History of Roman Britain London, 1998. ISBN 0-7126-5027-X Guy de la Bedoyere. (1991). The Buildings of Roman Britain. Kenneth Jackson. (1970).

'An Appendix on the Place Names of the British Section of the Antonine Itinerary' in Britannia, 1. ALF Rivet & Colin Smith. (1979). The Place-Names of Roman Britain. External links File:Excavation at Uriconium by Francis The Roman ruins of Viroconium Cornoviorum, photographed during excavation by Francis Bedford and digitally restored. Viroconium Cornoviorum, or simply Viroconium, was a Roman town, one corner of which is now occupied by the small village of Wroxeter in the English county of Shropshire , about 8 km (5 miles) east-south-east of Shrewsbury . At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000 people. [1] Contents 8 External links Name According to Rivet and Smith, [2] viro-, may mean either 'true' or 'man'. The second, '-conium' is unknown, although it appears to refer to some large geographic feature such as a lake or a forest.

Jackson suggests the name is a Latin form of the Brythonic Uriconon which would have been applied to the nearby hill fort on The Wrekin . It is possible that the name is related to Welsh Gwrgi, Breton Gurki, and Irish Ferchu, meaning "Man-hound" or "Werewolf", which would have been nominative singular *Uirocu (oblique *Uirocon-) in Brittonic; Viroconium would then be "(The Place of/belonging to) Uirocu". The suffix, Cornoviorum, means 'of the Cornovii ', the local tribe, whose civitas capital it became. Roman town Viroconium was established about AD 58 as a legionary fortress for the XIVth legion during their invasion of what is now Wales and the formation of what was to become Roman Wales . They were later replaced by the XXth legion , until the fortress was abandoned by the military around AD 88. At this time the civilian settlement, which had grown up around the fort, took over the site. By AD 130 it had expanded to cover an area of more than 173 acres (70 ha).

Viroconium was then fitted out with an impressive set of public buildings, including public baths and a colonnaded forum dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian , as shown by the remains of a fine inscription. Simpler temples and shops have also been excavated. At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000 people. [1] Post-Roman town , in a modern photograph.]] The 5th century saw continued town life in Viroconium but many of the buildings fell into disrepair. However, between 530 and 570 there was a substantial rebuilding programme in timber with most of the old basilica being demolished and replaced with new buildings. These probably included a very large two-story timber-framed building and a number of storage buildings and houses. In all, 33 new buildings were constructed. The archaeologists responsible for the most recent excavations comment that "their construction was carefully planned and executed..." and "were skillfully constructed to Roman measurements using a trained labour force". [3] Who instigated this rebuilding programme is not known, although it may have been a bishop.

[4] Some of the buildings were renewed three times and the community probably lasted about 75 years until for some reason many of the buildings were dismantled. [5] Wroxeter Roman City Impressive standing remains survive and further buildings have been excavated. These include 'the Old Work' - an archway, part of the baths' frigidarium and the largest free-standing Roman ruin in England - and the remains of a baths complex. These are on display to the public and, along with a small museum, are looked after by English Heritage under the name Wroxeter Roman City. Some of the more important finds are housed in the Rowley's House Museum in Shrewsbury . Most of the town still remains buried, but it has largely been mapped through archaeological geophysics and aerial archaeology . Literature A. E. Housman refers to the town as "Uricon" in his poem A Shropshire Lad . Wilfred Owen saw archaeological digs in progress at Wroxeter and refers to it in his 1913 poem, "Uriconium: an Ode". [6] "Viroconium" is a poem by the Shropshire novelist and poet Mary Webb .

[7] The town of Viroconium in its latter days is featured in Rosemary Sutcliff 's 1961 historical novel Dawn Wind , part of her Roman-Britain series following the descendants of the lead character from Eagle of the Ninth . See also: Viriconium , a fictional town with a similar name, which gives its name to M. John Harrison 's cycle of science fiction and fantasy novels and stories set in and around it. Notes ^ Representative Poetry Online - Mary Webb : Viroconium References Anderson, J. Corbet. The Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Salop. - Illustrative of the History and Social Life of Our Romano-British Forefathers. London: J. Russell Smith, 1867. Atkinson, Donald. British Archaeological Society: Report on the Excavations at Wroxeter (the Roman City of Viroconium) in the County of Salop, 1923-1927. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. Barker, Philip, Ed. Wroxeter Roman City: Excavations 1966-1980.

London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1980. Barker, Philip, and Webster, Graham. From Roman Viroconium to medieval Wroxeter: recent work on the site of the Roman city of Wroxeter. Worcester: West Mercian Archaeological Consultants, 1990. ISBN 0-9516274-1-4 Barker, Philip, and White, Roger. Wroxeter Roman City (English Heritage Guidebooks). Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 1999. ISBN 0-1850-74698 -2 Barker, Philip; White, Roger; Corbishley, Mike, et al. The Basilica Baths, Wroxeter. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 1998. ISBN 0-1850-74528 -5 Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1912 (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 1).

Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1913. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1913: Second Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 2). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1915. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1914: Third Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 4). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1916. De la Bedoyere, Guy. (1991). The Buildings of Roman Britain. Ellis, Peter. The Roman Baths and Macellum at Wroxeter. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 2000. ISBN 0-1850-74606 -0 Ellis, Peter, and White, Roger.

'Wroxeter Archaeology Excavation and Research on the Defences and in the Town - 1968-1992.' in Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. 78. Shrewsbury, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 2006. ISBN 0-9501227-8-5 Fox, George E. A Guide to the Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Shropshire. Wellington, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 1927. Frere, S. S. Britannia: a History of Roman Britain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-7102-1215-1 Gaffney, V. L., and White, R. H. (2007). 'Wroxeter, the Cornovii, and the Urban Process: Final Report on the Wroxeter Hinterland Project 1994-1997', Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, No. 68. Jackson, Kenneth.

(1970). 'An Appendix on the Place Names of the British Section of the Antonine Itinerary' in Britannia, 1. Morris, J. A. Kenyon, Kathleen M. Excavations at Viroconium, 1936-1937. Shrewsbury, Shrops. Shropshire Archaeological Society, 1937. Rivet, A. L. F., and Smith, Colin. (1979). The Place-Names of Roman Britain. Urban, Sylvanus. 'The Roman City of Uriconium.' Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review, 1859. 206: 447-458. Webster, Graham. The Cornovii. London: Sutton, 1991. ISBN 0-86299-877-8 Webster, Graham. The Legionary Fortress at Wroxeter: Excavations by Graham Webster, 1955-1985. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 2002. ISBN 0-1850-74685 -0 Webster, Graham.

The Roman Army. London: Grosvenor Museum, 1973. ISBN 0-903235-05-6 Webster, Graham, The Roman Imperial Army: Of the First and Second Centuries A.D. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8061-3000-8 Webster, Graham, and Barker, Philip. Viroconium, Wroxeter Roman City. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1966 & 1978. ISBN 0-11-670323-7 White, Roger, and Barker, Philip. Wroxeter: Life & Death of a Roman City. Stroud, Glos.: Tempus Publishing Ltd., 1998. ISBN 978-0-7524-1409-6 White, Thomas. A Guide to the Ruins of Uriconium, at Wroxeter, Near Shresbury. Kensinger Publishing, 2009.

ISBN 0-11-112028973-4 , BiblioBazaar, 2010. 1143796403 , Nabu Press, 2010. ISBN 0-11-4363-705 -4 White, Thomas. Uriconium; A Historical Account of the Ancient Roman City, and of the Excavations Made Upon Its Site, at Wroxeter, in Shropshire. General Books, 2010. ISBN 0-11-5221049 -1 External links Viroconium Cornoviorum Viroconium Cornoviorum Remains of the public baths , known as “The Old Work” Shown within Shropshire Type Settlement Viroconium or Uriconium, formally Viroconium Cornoviorum, was a Roman town, one corner of which is now occupied by Wroxeter , a small village in Shropshire , England, about 5 miles (8.0 km) east-south-east of Shrewsbury .

At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the 4th-largest Roman settlement in Britain , a civitas with a population of more than 15 000. [1] The settlement probably lasted until the end of the 7th century or the beginning of the 8th. [2] Extensive remains can still be seen. Contents 7 External links Name Viroconium is a Latinised form of a toponym that was reconstructed as Common Brittonic *Uiroconion “[city] of *Uirokū”. *Uirokū ( lit. “man-wolf”) is believed to have been a masculine given name meaning “ werewolf “. [3] [4] The term “Cornoviorum” distinguishes the site as the Viroconium “of the Cornovii “, the Celtic tribe whose civitas the settlement became. The original site of the Cornovian capital (also thought to have been named *Uiroconion) was a hillfort on the Wrekin . History Roman Roman ruins at Viroconium Cornoviorum, photographed during excavation by Francis Bedford and digitally restored.

Viroconium was established in about AD 58 as a castra for the Legio XIV Gemina during their invasion of Roman Wales . They were later replaced by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix until the fortress was abandoned by the military around AD 88 and taken over by the civilian settlement that had grown up around the fort. By 130, it had expanded to cover an area of more than 173 acres (70 ha). It then had many public buildings, including thermae and a colonnaded forum dedicated to Hadrian as shown by the remains of an inscription. Simpler temples and shops have also been excavated. At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000. [1] Middle Ages Following the end of Roman rule in Britain around 410, the Cornovii seem to have divided into Pengwern and Powys . The later minor Magonsæte sub-kingdom of the Angles emerged in the area when Oswiu conquered Pengwern in 656.

Viroconium may have served as the early sub-Roman capital of Powys. The city has been variously identified with the Cair Urnarc [5] and Cair Guricon [6] which appeared in the Historia Brittonum ‘s list the 28 civitates of Britain. [7] Town life in Viroconium continued in the fifth century, but many of the buildings fell into disrepair. Between 530 and 570, when most Roman urban sites and villas in Britain were being abandoned, [8] there was a substantial rebuilding programme. The old basilica was carefully demolished and replaced with new timber-framed buildings on rubble platforms. These probably included a very large two-storey building and a number of storage buildings and houses. In all, 33 new buildings were “carefully planned and executed” and “skillfully constructed to Roman measurements using a trained labour force”. [9] Who instigated this rebuilding programme is not known, but it may have been a bishop. [10] Some of the buildings were renewed three times, and the community probably lasted about 75 years until, for some reason, many of the buildings were dismantled.

[11] The site was probably abandoned peacefully in the second half of the seventh century or the beginning of the eighth. [12] The court of Powys is believed to have moved to Mathrafal sometime before 717 following famine and plague in its original location. Reuse of building stone According to archaeologist Philip A. Barker , the parish churches of Atcham , Wroxeter , and Upton Magna are largely built of stone taken from the buildings of Viroconium Cornoviorum. [13] Wroxeter Roman City The recreation of a Roman town house at Viroconium Some remains are still standing, and further buildings have been excavated. These include “the Old Work” (an archway, part of the baths’ frigidarium and the largest free-standing Roman ruin in England) and the remains of a baths complex. These are on display to the public and, along with a small museum, are looked after by English Heritage under the name “Wroxeter Roman City”. Some of the more important finds are housed in Rowley’s House Museum in Shrewsbury . Most of the town still remains buried, but it has largely been mapped through geophysical survey and aerial archaeology .

A reconstructed Roman villa was opened to the public on 19 February 2011 [14] to give visitors an insight into Roman building techniques and how the Romans lived. [15] A Channel 4 television series, Rome Wasn’t Built in a Day , [16] showed how it was built using authentic ancient techniques. The builders were assisted by a team of local volunteers and supervised by archaeologist Dai Morgan Evans , who designed the villa. Literature A. E. Housman referred to the town as “Uricon” in his poem “On Wenlock Edge” in A Shropshire Lad . Wilfred Owen saw archaeological digs in progress at Wroxeter and referred to it in his 1913 poem “Uriconium: an Ode”. [17] “Viroconium” is a poem by the Shropshire novelist and poet Mary Webb . [18] Viroconium in its latter days is featured in Rosemary Sutcliff ‘s 1961 historical novel Dawn Wind , part of her Roman-Britain series following the descendants of the lead character from The Eagle of the Ninth .

^ Representative Poetry Online – Mary Webb : Viroconium References Aston, Michael; Bond, James (1976). The Landscape of Towns. Archaeology in the Field Series. London: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd. pp. 45–48, 51–54. ISBN 0-460-04194-0 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ]. Anderson, J. Corbet. The Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Salop. – Illustrative of the History and Social Life of Our Romano-British Forefathers. London: J. Russell Smith, 1867. Atkinson, Donald. British Archaeological Society: Report on the Excavations at Wroxeter (the Roman City of Viroconium) in the County of Salop, 1923–1927. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. Barker, Philip, Ed. Wroxeter Roman City: Excavations 1966–1980. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1980.

Barker, Philip, and Webster, Graham. From Roman Viroconium to medieval Wroxeter: recent work on the site of the Roman city of Wroxeter. Worcester: West Mercian Archaeological Consultants, 1990. ISBN 0-9516274-1-4 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] Barker, Philip, and White, Roger. Wroxeter Roman City (English Heritage Guidebooks). Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 1999. ISBN 1850746982 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] Barker, Philip ; White, Roger; Corbishley, Mike (1998). The Baths Basilica, Wroxeter: excavations 1966–90. Swindon: English Heritage. ISBN 1850745285 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ]. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1912 (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 1).

Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1913. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1913: Second Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 2). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1915. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1914: Third Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 4). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1916. De la Bedoyere, Guy. (1991). The Buildings of Roman Britain. Ellis, Peter. The Roman Baths and Macellum at Wroxeter. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 2000. ISBN 978-1-85074-606-5 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] Ellis, Peter, and White, Roger.

‘Wroxeter Archaeology Excavation and Research on the Defences and in the Town – 1968–1992.’ in Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. 78. Shrewsbury, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 2006. ISBN 0-9501227-8-5 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] Fox, George E. A Guide to the Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Shropshire. Wellington, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 1927. Frere, S. S. Britannia: a History of Roman Britain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-7102-1215-1 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] Gaffney, V. L., and White, R. H. (2007).

‘Wroxeter, the Cornovii, and the Urban Process: Final Report on the Wroxeter Hinterland Project 1994–1997′, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, No. 68. Jackson, Kenneth (1970). “An Appendix on the Place Names of the British Section of the Antonine Itinerary”. Britannia. 1. Kenyon, Kathleen M. Excavations at Viroconium, 1936–1937. Shrewsbury, Shrops. Shropshire Archaeological Society, 1937. Rivet, A. L. F., and Smith, Colin. (1979). The Place-Names of Roman Britain. Urban, Sylvanus. ‘The Roman City of Uriconium.’ Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Review, 1859. 206: 447–458. Webster, Graham. The Cornovii. London: Sutton, 1991. ISBN 0-86299-877-8 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] Webster, Graham.

The Legionary Fortress at Wroxeter: Excavations by Graham Webster, 1955–1985. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 2002. ISBN 9781850746850 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] Webster, Graham. The Roman Army. London: Grosvenor Museum, 1973. ISBN 0-903235-05-6 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] Webster, Graham, The Roman Imperial Army: Of the First and Second Centuries A.D. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press , 1998. ISBN 0-8061-3000-8 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] Webster, Graham, and Barker, Philip. Viroconium, Wroxeter Roman City. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1966 & 1978. ISBN 0-11-670323-7 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] White, Thomas. A Guide to the Ruins of Uriconium, at Wroxeter, Near Shrewsbury.

Kessinger Publishing , 2009, ISBN 978-1-120-28973-5 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ]. BiblioBazaar , 2010, ISBN 978-1-143-79640-1 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ]. Nabu Press , 2010, ISBN 978-1-143-63705-6 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] White, Thomas. Uriconium; A Historical Account of the Ancient Roman City, and of the Excavations Made Upon Its Site, at Wroxeter, in Shropshire. General Books , 2010. ISBN 1152210491 [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] External links Viroconium Cornoviorum - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos Viroconium Cornoviorum NEXT GO TO RESULTS [7 ..

56] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE Remains of the public baths , known as "The Old Work" Shown within Shropshire Britannia Coordinates Type Settlement Viroconium or Uriconium, formally Viroconium Cornoviorum, was a Roman town, one corner of which is now occupied by Wroxeter , a small village in Shropshire , England, about 5 miles (8.0 km) east-south-east of Shrewsbury . At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the 4th-largest Roman settlement in Britain , a civitas with a population of more than 15 000. [1] The settlement probably lasted until the end of the 7th century or the beginning of the 8th. [2] Extensive remains can still be seen. Contents Viroconium is a Latinised form of a toponym that was reconstructed as Common Brittonic *Uiroconion "[city] of *Uirokū". *Uirokū ( lit. "man-wolf") is believed to have been a masculine given name meaning " werewolf ".

[3] [4] The term "Cornoviorum" distinguishes the site as the Viroconium "of the Cornovii ", the Celtic tribe whose civitas the settlement became. The original site of the Cornovian capital (also thought to have been named *Uiroconion) was a hillfort on the Wrekin . Roman[ edit ] Roman ruins at Viroconium Cornoviorum, photographed during excavation by Francis Bedford and digitally restored. Viroconium was established in about AD 58 as a castra for the Legio XIV Gemina during their invasion of Roman Wales . They were later replaced by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix until the fortress was abandoned by the military around AD 88 and taken over by the civilian settlement that had grown up around the fort. By 130, it had expanded to cover an area of more than 173 acres (70 ha). It then had many public buildings, including thermae and a colonnaded forum dedicated to Hadrian as shown by the remains of an inscription. Simpler temples and shops have also been excavated.

At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000. [1] Middle Ages[ edit ] Following the end of Roman rule in Britain around 410, the Cornovii seem to have divided into Pengwern and Powys . The later minor Magonsæte sub-kingdom of the Angles emerged in the area when Oswiu conquered Pengwern in 656. Viroconium may have served as the early sub-Roman capital of Powys. The city has been variously identified with the Cair Urnarc [5] and Cair Guricon [6] which appeared in the Historia Brittonum 's list the 28 civitates of Britain. [7] Town life in Viroconium continued in the fifth century, but many of the buildings fell into disrepair. Between 530 and 570, when most Roman urban sites and villas in Britain were being abandoned, [8] there was a substantial rebuilding programme. The old basilica was carefully demolished and replaced with new timber-framed buildings on rubble platforms.

These probably included a very large two-storey building and a number of storage buildings and houses. In all, 33 new buildings were "carefully planned and executed" and "skillfully constructed to Roman measurements using a trained labour force". [9] Who instigated this rebuilding programme is not known, but it may have been a bishop. [10] Some of the buildings were renewed three times, and the community probably lasted about 75 years until, for some reason, many of the buildings were dismantled. [11] The site was probably abandoned peacefully in the second half of the seventh century or the beginning of the eighth. [12] The court of Powys is believed to have moved to Mathrafal sometime before 717 following famine and plague in its original location. Reuse of building stone[ edit ] According to archaeologist Philip A. Barker , the parish churches of Atcham , Wroxeter , and Upton Magna are largely built of stone taken from the buildings of Viroconium Cornoviorum. [13] Wroxeter Roman City[ edit ] The recreation of a Roman town house at Viroconium Some remains are still standing, and further buildings have been excavated.

These include "the Old Work" (an archway, part of the baths' frigidarium and the largest free-standing Roman ruin in England) and the remains of a baths complex. These are on display to the public and, along with a small museum, are looked after by English Heritage under the name "Wroxeter Roman City". Some of the more important finds are housed in Rowley's House Museum in Shrewsbury . Most of the town still remains buried, but it has largely been mapped through geophysical survey and aerial archaeology . A reconstructed Roman villa was opened to the public on 19 February 2011 [14] to give visitors an insight into Roman building techniques and how the Romans lived. [15] A Channel 4 television series, Rome Wasn't Built in a Day , [16] showed how it was built using authentic ancient techniques. The builders were assisted by a team of local volunteers and supervised by archaeologist Dai Morgan Evans , who designed the villa. Literature[ edit ] A. E. Housman referred to the town as "Uricon" in his poem "On Wenlock Edge" in A Shropshire Lad .

Wilfred Owen saw archaeological digs in progress at Wroxeter and referred to it in his 1913 poem "Uriconium: an Ode". [17] "Viroconium" is a poem by the Shropshire novelist and poet Mary Webb . [18] Viroconium in its latter days is featured in Rosemary Sutcliff 's 1961 historical novel Dawn Wind , part of her Roman-Britain series following the descendants of the lead character from The Eagle of the Ninth . References[ edit ] Aston, Michael; Bond, James (1976). The Landscape of Towns. Archaeology in the Field Series. London: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd. pp. 45–48, 51–54. ISBN 0-460-04194-0 . Anderson, J. Corbet. The Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Salop. – Illustrative of the History and Social Life of Our Romano-British Forefathers. London: J. Russell Smith, 1867. Atkinson, Donald.

British Archaeological Society: Report on the Excavations at Wroxeter (the Roman City of Viroconium) in the County of Salop, 1923–1927. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. Barker, Philip, Ed. Wroxeter Roman City: Excavations 1966–1980. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1980. Barker, Philip, and Webster, Graham. From Roman Viroconium to medieval Wroxeter: recent work on the site of the Roman city of Wroxeter. Worcester: West Mercian Archaeological Consultants, 1990. ISBN 0-9516274-1-4 Barker, Philip, and White, Roger. Wroxeter Roman City (English Heritage Guidebooks). Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 1999. ISBN 1850746982 Barker, Philip ; White, Roger; Corbishley, Mike (1998). The Baths Basilica, Wroxeter: excavations 1966–90.

Swindon: English Heritage. ISBN 1850745285 . Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1912 (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 1). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1913. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1913: Second Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 2). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1915. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1914: Third Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 4). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1916. De la Bedoyere, Guy. (1991). The Buildings of Roman Britain. Ellis, Peter.

The Roman Baths and Macellum at Wroxeter. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 2000. ISBN 978-1-85074-606-5 Ellis, Peter, and White, Roger. 'Wroxeter Archaeology Excavation and Research on the Defences and in the Town – 1968–1992.' in Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. 78. Shrewsbury, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 2006. ISBN 0-9501227-8-5 Fox, George E. A Guide to the Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Shropshire. Wellington, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 1927. Frere, S. S. Britannia: a History of Roman Britain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-7102-1215-1 Gaffney, V. L., and White, R. H. (2007).

'Wroxeter, the Cornovii, and the Urban Process: Final Report on the Wroxeter Hinterland Project 1994–1997', Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, No. 68. Jackson, Kenneth (1970). "An Appendix on the Place Names of the British Section of the Antonine Itinerary". Britannia. 1. Viroconium - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki Viroconium: Wikis Advertisements Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics (Redirected to Viroconium Cornoviorum article) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Roman ruins of Viroconium Cornoviorum, photographed during excavation by Francis Bedford and digitally restored.

Viroconium Cornoviorum, or simply Viroconium, was a Roman town, one corner of which is now occupied by the small village of Wroxeter in the English county of Shropshire , about 8 km (5 miles) east-south-east of Shrewsbury . At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000 people. [1] Contents 8 External links Name According to Rivet and Smith, [2] viro-, may mean either 'true' or 'man'. The second, '-conium' is unknown, although it appears to refer to some large geographic feature such as a lake or a forest. Jackson suggests the name is a Latin form of the Brythonic Uriconon which would have been applied to the nearby hill fort on The Wrekin .

It is possible that the name is related to Welsh Gwrgi, Breton Gurki, and Irish Ferchu, meaning "Man-hound" or "Werewolf", which would have been nominative singular *Uirocu (oblique *Uirocon-) in Brittonic; Viroconium would then be "(The Place of/belonging to) Uirocu". The suffix, Cornoviorum, means 'of the Cornovii ', the local tribe, whose civitas capital it became. Roman town Viroconium was established about AD 58 as a legionary fortress for the XIVth legion during their invasion of what is now Wales and the formation of what was to become Roman Wales . They were later replaced by the XXth legion , until the fortress was abandoned by the military around AD 88. At this time the civilian settlement, which had grown up around the fort, took over the site. By AD 130 it had expanded to cover an area of more than 173 acres (70 ha).

Viroconium was then fitted out with an impressive set of public buildings, including public baths and a colonnaded forum dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian , as shown by the remains of a fine inscription. Simpler temples and shops have also been excavated. At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000 people. [1] Post-Roman town The ruins of the Roman city at Wroxeter , in a modern photograph. The fifth century saw continued town life in Viroconium but many of the buildings fell into disrepair. However, between 530 and 570 there was a substantial rebuilding programme in timber with most of the old basilica being demolished and replaced with new buildings. These probably included a very large two-story timber-framed building and a number of storage buildings and houses. In all, 33 new buildings were constructed. The archaeologists responsible for the most recent excavations comment that "their construction was carefully planned and executed..." and "were skillfully constructed to Roman measurements using a trained labour force".

[3] Who instigated this rebuilding program is not known, although it may have been a bishop. [4] Some of the buildings were renewed three times and the community probably lasted about 75 years until for some reason many of the buildings were dismantled. [5] Wroxeter Roman City Impressive standing remains survive and further buildings have been excavated. This includes 'the Old Work', an archway - part of the baths' frigidarium - that is the largest free-standing Roman ruin in England and the remains of a baths complex. These are on display to the public and, along with a small museum, are looked after by English Heritage under the name Wroxeter Roman City. Some of the more important finds are housed in the Rowley's House Museum in Shrewsbury . Most of the town still remains buried, but it has largely been mapped through archaeological geophysics and aerial archaeology . Literature A. E. Housman refers to the town as "Uricon" in his poem A Shropshire Lad . Wilfred Owen saw archaeological digs in progress at Wroxeter and refers to it in his 1913 poem, "Uriconium: an Ode".

[6] "Viroconium" is a poem by the Shropshire novelist and poet Mary Webb . [7] See also: Viriconium , a fictional town with a similar name, which gives its name to M. John Harrison 's cycle of science fiction and fantasy novels and stories set in and around it. Notes ^ a b Frere, Britannia, p.253 ^ Rivet and Smith, The Placenames of Roman Britain, the first part ^ White, Roger; Philp Barker Wroxter:Life & Death of a Roman City Tempus Publishing, 1998 ISBN:978-0752414096 pp.121-128 ^ White, Roger; Philp Barker Wroxter:Life & Death of a Roman City Tempus Publishing, 1998 ISBN:978-0752414096 p.125 ^ White, Roger; Philp Barker Wroxter:Life & Death of a Roman City Tempus Publishing, 1998 ISBN:978-0752414096 p.136 S. S.

Frere. Britannia: a History of Roman Britain London, 1998. ISBN 0-7126-5027-X Guy de la Bedoyere. (1991). The Buildings of Roman Britain. Kenneth Jackson. (1970). 'An Appendix on the Place Names of the British Section of the Antonine Itinerary' in Britannia, 1. ALF Rivet & Colin Smith. (1979). The Place-Names of Roman Britain. External links File:Excavation at Uriconium by Francis The Roman ruins of Viroconium Cornoviorum, photographed during excavation by Francis Bedford and digitally restored. Viroconium Cornoviorum, or simply Viroconium, was a Roman town, one corner of which is now occupied by the small village of Wroxeter in the English county of Shropshire , about 8 km (5 miles) east-south-east of Shrewsbury . At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000 people.

[1] Contents 8 External links Name According to Rivet and Smith, [2] viro-, may mean either 'true' or 'man'. The second, '-conium' is unknown, although it appears to refer to some large geographic feature such as a lake or a forest. Jackson suggests the name is a Latin form of the Brythonic Uriconon which would have been applied to the nearby hill fort on The Wrekin . It is possible that the name is related to Welsh Gwrgi, Breton Gurki, and Irish Ferchu, meaning "Man-hound" or "Werewolf", which would have been nominative singular *Uirocu (oblique *Uirocon-) in Brittonic; Viroconium would then be "(The Place of/belonging to) Uirocu". The suffix, Cornoviorum, means 'of the Cornovii ', the local tribe, whose civitas capital it became. Roman town Viroconium was established about AD 58 as a legionary fortress for the XIVth legion during their invasion of what is now Wales and the formation of what was to become Roman Wales .

They were later replaced by the XXth legion , until the fortress was abandoned by the military around AD 88. At this time the civilian settlement, which had grown up around the fort, took over the site. By AD 130 it had expanded to cover an area of more than 173 acres (70 ha). Viroconium was then fitted out with an impressive set of public buildings, including public baths and a colonnaded forum dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian , as shown by the remains of a fine inscription. Simpler temples and shops have also been excavated. At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the fourth largest Roman settlement in Britain with a population of more than 15,000 people. [1] Post-Roman town , in a modern photograph.]] The 5th century saw continued town life in Viroconium but many of the buildings fell into disrepair. However, between 530 and 570 there was a substantial rebuilding programme in timber with most of the old basilica being demolished and replaced with new buildings. These probably included a very large two-story timber-framed building and a number of storage buildings and houses.

In all, 33 new buildings were constructed. The archaeologists responsible for the most recent excavations comment that "their construction was carefully planned and executed..." and "were skillfully constructed to Roman measurements using a trained labour force". [3] Who instigated this rebuilding programme is not known, although it may have been a bishop. [4] Some of the buildings were renewed three times and the community probably lasted about 75 years until for some reason many of the buildings were dismantled. [5] Wroxeter Roman City Impressive standing remains survive and further buildings have been excavated. These include 'the Old Work' - an archway, part of the baths' frigidarium and the largest free-standing Roman ruin in England - and the remains of a baths complex. These are on display to the public and, along with a small museum, are looked after by English Heritage under the name Wroxeter Roman City. Some of the more important finds are housed in the Rowley's House Museum in Shrewsbury . Most of the town still remains buried, but it has largely been mapped through archaeological geophysics and aerial archaeology . Literature A. E.

Housman refers to the town as "Uricon" in his poem A Shropshire Lad . Wilfred Owen saw archaeological digs in progress at Wroxeter and refers to it in his 1913 poem, "Uriconium: an Ode". [6] "Viroconium" is a poem by the Shropshire novelist and poet Mary Webb . [7] The town of Viroconium in its latter days is featured in Rosemary Sutcliff 's 1961 historical novel Dawn Wind , part of her Roman-Britain series following the descendants of the lead character from Eagle of the Ninth . See also: Viriconium , a fictional town with a similar name, which gives its name to M. John Harrison 's cycle of science fiction and fantasy novels and stories set in and around it. Notes ^ Representative Poetry Online - Mary Webb : Viroconium References Anderson, J. Corbet. The Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Salop. - Illustrative of the History and Social Life of Our Romano-British Forefathers. London: J. Russell Smith, 1867. Atkinson, Donald.

British Archaeological Society: Report on the Excavations at Wroxeter (the Roman City of Viroconium) in the County of Salop, 1923-1927. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. Barker, Philip, Ed. Wroxeter Roman City: Excavations 1966-1980. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1980. Barker, Philip, and Webster, Graham. From Roman Viroconium to medieval Wroxeter: recent work on the site of the Roman city of Wroxeter. Worcester: West Mercian Archaeological Consultants, 1990. ISBN 0-9516274-1-4 Barker, Philip, and White, Roger. Wroxeter Roman City (English Heritage Guidebooks). Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 1999. ISBN 0-1850-74698 -2 Barker, Philip; White, Roger; Corbishley, Mike, et al. The Basilica Baths, Wroxeter.

Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 1998. ISBN 0-1850-74528 -5 Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1912 (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 1). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1913. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1913: Second Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 2). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1915. Bushe-Fox, J. P. Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1914: Third Report (Society of Antiquaries of London. Research Committee. Report no. 4). Oxford: Society of Antiquaries, 1916. De la Bedoyere, Guy. (1991).

The Buildings of Roman Britain. Ellis, Peter. The Roman Baths and Macellum at Wroxeter. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 2000. ISBN 0-1850-74606 -0 Ellis, Peter, and White, Roger. 'Wroxeter Archaeology Excavation and Research on the Defences and in the Town - 1968-1992.' in Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. 78. Shrewsbury, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 2006. ISBN 0-9501227-8-5 Fox, George E. A Guide to the Roman City of Uriconium at Wroxeter, Shropshire. Wellington, Shrops.: Shropshire Archaeological Society, 1927. Frere, S. S. Britannia: a History of Roman Britain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-7102-1215-1 Gaffney, V. L., and White, R. H.

(2007). 'Wroxeter, the Cornovii, and the Urban Process: Final Report on the Wroxeter Hinterland Project 1994-1997', Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, No. 68. Jackson, Kenneth. (1970). 'An Appendix on the Place Names of the British Section of the Antonine Itinerary' in Britannia, 1. Morris, J. A. Kenyon, Kathleen M. Excavations at Viroconium, 1936-1937. Shrewsbury, Shrops. Shropshire Archaeological Society, 1937. Rivet, A. L. F., and Smith, Colin. (1979). The Place-Names of Roman Britain. Urban, Sylvanus. 'The Roman City of Uriconium.' Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review, 1859. 206: 447-458. Webster, Graham. The Cornovii. London: Sutton, 1991. ISBN 0-86299-877-8 Webster, Graham.

The Legionary Fortress at Wroxeter: Excavations by Graham Webster, 1955-1985. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage, 2002. ISBN 0-1850-74685 -0 Webster, Graham. The Roman Army. London: Grosvenor Museum, 1973. ISBN 0-903235-05-6 Webster, Graham, The Roman Imperial Army: Of the First and Second Centuries A.D. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8061-3000-8 Webster, Graham, and Barker, Philip. Viroconium, Wroxeter Roman City. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1966 & 1978. ISBN 0-11-670323-7 White, Roger, and Barker, Philip. Wroxeter: Life & Death of a Roman City. Stroud, Glos.: Tempus Publishing Ltd., 1998.

ISBN 978-0-7524-1409-6 White, Thomas. A Guide to the Ruins of Uriconium, at Wroxeter, Near Shresbury. Kensinger Publishing, 2009. ISBN 0-11-112028973-4 , BiblioBazaar, 2010. 1143796403 , Nabu Press, 2010. ISBN 0-11-4363-705 -4 White, Thomas. Uriconium; A Historical Account of the Ancient Roman City, and of the Excavations Made Upon Its Site, at Wroxeter, in Shropshire. General Books, 2010. ISBN 0-11-5221049 -1 External links Wroxetervineyard.co.uk - Wroxeter Roman Vineyard - Customer Reviews Wroxeter Roman Vineyard Reviews and ratings of Wroxetervineyard.co.uk There are no reviews yet. Write a review Technical Content and keywords Wroxeter is a village in Shropshire, England.

It forms part of the civil parish of Wroxeter and Uppington and is located besides the River Severn, about south-east of Shrewsbury. It is at the site of the Roman city of Viroconium Cornoviorum, which was the fourth largest civitas capital in Roman Britain. read more Important and popular websites The website with the homepage "Wroxeter Roman Vineyard" provides content on the pages The Vineyard, News and Products. In the following table you'll find the 8 most important pages of Wroxetervineyard.co.uk: # Wroxe­ter Ro­man Vine­yard / Wroxe­ter Ro­man Vine­yard /index.php/5-wroxe­ter-roman-vine­yard /#top Technical information The web server used by Wroxetervineyard.co.uk is run by Webfusion Internet Solutions and located in Great Britain. There are many websites run by this web server. The operator uses this server for many hosting clients. In total there are at least 7,553 websites on this server. The language of these websites is mostly english. Only a few websites on this web server are x-rated.

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Question: Wroxeter, the site of the Roman city of Viroconium Cornoviorum, is in which English county?
Answer: Shropshire