Male Horse General Reference Male Horse There are a number of different terms for a male horse, depending on its age and whether it has been castrated: Stallion. A male horse over four years old, which has not been castrated. Stud. A stallion which is being used for breeding or that is available for breeding. One also sees the terms 'stud stallion' and 'stud-stallion'. Gelding. A male horse which has been castrated, regardless of age. Colt. A male horse under the age of four. Some people use this term for both female and male horses under four, but correct use is for a male only. Ridgling (or rig). A male horse which has has an undescended testicle or has been improperly castrated is called a ridgling. It will appear to be a gelding, but will have some of the behaviours of a stallion. Yearling - Used for a horse (female or male) which is between one year old and two years old. Some people follow an alternative definition, which is a horse approximately one year old. Foal - A horse (female or male) which is less than a year old.

A nursing foal is sometimes called a suckling and a foal that has been weaned is called a weanling. Most domesticated horses are weaned at 5 to 7 months of age, although commercial breeders often wean much earlier. What is a Male Horse Called Â What is a Male Horse Called So you are wondering what a male horse is called? Male horses are called different words, depending on their age and other factors. A male horse, when it is born, is called a colt. Most colts are gelded (the horse term for neutering) between the ages of 6 months and 18 months. A male colt that is ungelded is called a "stud colt". After the age of two years male horses are correctly referred to as geldings ("neutered") or stallions (un"neutered"). A stallion can also be referred to as a "stud". \ Horse words dictionary A horse that lives with its owner, not in a proper horse barn or stable. Bale A measurement of hay, equal to 10 "flakes". Barn sour A horse that doesn't like to leave the barn or stable.

Behind the bit When a horse places his head down to evade contact with the bit. Bomb-proof A horse that doesn't spook. Breeding stock A mare or stallion that meets the eligibility requirements to be registered as a distinct breed. Breeder A person who breeds purebred horses for a living, or maybe as a hobby. Bridle The entire headpiece, the headstall, bit, chin strap, and reins, is called the bridle. Broodmare A female horse that is used strictly for breeding. Buck C (back to top) Canter Term used in English riding for a three beat gait. This is the same as a lope or slow gallop in Western discipline riding. Colt A male horse under 4 years old that has not been castrated. Conditioned response When a horse is trained to a stimulus the same way every time the animal confronts that stimulus. Conformation The overall structure of the horse. What is acceptable conformation depends on what you plan to do with the horse. Cribbing Stand to hold your saddle when it's not on a horse. Sire The father of a horse. Sound This is the term to describe a healthy horse.

Stallion A male horse over 4 years old that has not been castrated. Stud book T (back to top) Tack Horse tack is all the gear that comes with owning a horse. The bridle, saddle, bit, girths, cinches, saddle pads, lead ropes, halters, whips, stirrup irons and stirrup leathers, horse boots, and most other horse things are tack. Tie down A Western term for a martingale, used to control the position of a horses head while riding. Tree The basic structure of a saddle, which is then covered with leather. Trot Livestock Terminology | State Fair of Texas Flock – a grouping of a species of livestock (sheep, poultry) Herd – a group of a single species of animal (cattle, horses, swine, goats) Livestock – domestic farm animals kept for productive purposes (meat, milk, work, wool) Market animal – livestock bred and raised for food consumption Polled – a naturally hornless animal Sire – a male parent Litter – multiple offspring produced at one birth by a multi-parous mammal. Also called brood.

Chickens Chick – a newly hatched or a very young chicken Broilers – a chicken that is six to 13 weeks of age used for meat production Pullet – a young domestic hen, usually one that is less than one year old Hen – an adult female chicken Cockerel – an adult male chicken Rooster – all domestic chickens Popular Products – eggs and chicken Cattle Bovine – the scientific name for cattle Calf – a sexually immature young bovine Heifer – a young female bovine which has not yet had a calf Cow – a mature female bovine Steer – a castrated male bovine Bull – a sexually mature male bovine Popular Products – milk, beef and leather Goats Caprine – refers to animals in the goat family Kid – a young goat Wether – a castrated male goat Doe – (aka. nanny) a female goat Buck – (aka. billy) a sexually mature male goat Popular Products – milk,* cabrito,** mohair and cashmere. *Goats are the number one producer of milk in the world. ** Goat meat has many different names that depend on the goat’s geographic location and age of animal.

Pigs Swine – a refers to animals in the pig family Barrow – a young, castrated male swine Boar – a sexually mature male swine Gilt – a young female pig Hog – a mature swine (usually weighing more than 120 pounds) Pig – (aka.

piglet) a young swine (usually weighing less than 120 lbs.) Sow – a mature female swine Sheep Ovine – the scientific name for sheep Ewe – a female sheep Lamb – a sheep less than one year in age Ram – a male sheep Wether – a castrated male sheep Popular Products – lamb,* mutton,* hogget,* and wool Turkeys Poult – is a young domestic turkey Hen – an adult female turkey Tom – is a male turkey Horse Equine – name of the family that includes horses, donkeys and zebras Foal – an animal in the equine family, of either sex, that is one year old or younger Colt – a male horse under the age of four Filly – a female horse under the age of four Gelding – a castrated animal of the equine family Pony – a mature horse that measures less than 14.2hands Mare – an adult female horse Stallion – an adult male horse Draft Horse – a large horse bred for hard, heavy tasks such as ploughing and farm labor Hand – a non-SI unit of measurement that equals four inches Donkey & Mule Foal – an animal in the equine family, of either sex, that is

 one year old or younger Jenny – a female donkey Mule – is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse Donkey – a domesticated animal of the equine family primarily used as a working animal Rabbit Horse Gender Definitions Horse Gender Definitions Horse Gender Definitions Various terms are used to describe male and female horses of different ages.

Check out our guide to the horse terminology used to indicate a horse's gender and age. Filly A female horse or pony under 4 years of age. Colt A male horse or pony under 4 years of age that has not been gelded (castrated). Foal A female or male horse or pony under 1 year of age. A female foal is known as a "Filly Foal", a male foal is known as a "Colt Foal". Weanling A foal that has been weaned. Foals are typically weaned at 5-6 months of age. Yearling A female or male horse that is between 1 and 2 years old. A female yearling is known as a "Yearling Filly", a male yearling that has not been gelded (castrated) is known as a "Yearling Colt". Mare A female horse or pony that is 4 years or older. Stallion A male horse or pony that is 4 years or older that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions are also known as "Entire". Gelding A male horse or pony of any age that has been gelded (castrated).

Rig A male horse or pony who has either one or both testes undescended and retained or a male horse that has been improperly castrated. Rigs can display stallion tendencies, especially around mares. The Livestock Conservancy Cattle domesticated mammals of the genus Bos. Bull is an in-tact male bovine. Bull calf is a male calf. Calf is a young bovine. This term is used from the time of birth up until about 6 to 10 months of age when the animal is weaned. Cow is a female bovine that has had a calf. (This term may also be used for other species) Heifer is a female bovine that has not had a calf. Heifer calf is a female calf. Steer is a castrated male bovine or can be a future ox that is less than 4 years old. Ox is castrated bull that has been trained to work and is at least 4 years of age. Oxen is the plural of ox. Goat the domesticated form of capra hircus. Buck is a male goat over 1 year of age.

Buckling is a young male goat less than a year old. Doe is a female goat over 1 year of age. Doeling is a young female goat less than a year old. Flock is a group of goats. (The term may be used in reference to other livestock.) Kid is a baby goat of either sex. Wether is a castrated male goat (or sheep). Horse is a domesticated large single hoofed mammal (Equus caballus) with a short-haired coat, a long mane, and a long tail used for riding, pulling, or carrying loads. Colt is a male horse under 3 years of age. Filly is a female horse under 3 years of age. Foal is a young equine under 1 year of age. Gelding is a castrated male horse. Mare is a female horse after her 4th birthday. Stallion is an intact male horse. Rabbit is a mammal of the family Leporidae or the domesticated Old World species Oryctolagus cuniculus. Buck is a male rabbit. Doe is a female rabbit.

Fryer or “young rabbit” is a rabbit that is 2 months old and weighs 3 ¾ lbs to 4 ½ lbs. Kit is a baby rabbit. Rabbitry is where owners keep their herd of rabbits in separate cages. Stewer or “mature rabbit” is a rabbit 3 months of age or older averaging 6 pounds or more. Warren is where owners keep their herd of rabbits as a group in a large cage or enclosure. Sheep the domesticated species ovis aries. Ewe is a female sheep at least 1 year of age. Ewe lamb is a female sheep under 1 year of age. Flock is a group of sheep. (The term may be used in reference to other livestock.) Lamb is a young sheep. When referring to meat, lamb is meat from a sheep that is 12-14 months old or less. Lambkin or lambling is a newly born lamb. Ram is an in-tact male sheep that is at least one year of age. Ram lamb is a male sheep that is under 1 year of age. Sheep is a mature ovine at least one year of age and may also refer to the ovine species.

Wether is a castrated male sheep (or goat). Swine are even-toed ungulates of the family Suidae, including pigs, hogs, and boars. Barrow is a castrated (before sexual maturity) male swine. Boar is an adult male swine. Gilt is a female swine that has not given birth. Drove is a group of swine. Feeder pig is a young pig, most often between 40-70lbs that is produced by one farmer and sold to another for growing out to market weight. Hog is a mature swine with an adult weight above 150 pounds. Lard types of pig were developed to have large deposits of fat that could be more easily butchered from the animal in large chunks. This makes rendering easier and results in less loss of good meat. Market hog is a hog that weighs from 220-260 pounds and is 5-7 months of age when it is sent to market. Meat types of pig (also known as Bacon types) were developed to have more lean meat with moderate marbling of fat.

Pig is a young swine that is not sexually mature or a mature swine with an adult weight under 150 pounds. Piglet or baby pig refers to a young pig in its first 14-21 days of life and is still nursing. Shoat is a young hog (not sexually mature) that has been weaned and is ready for market weighing 150-260 pounds Sow is an adult female swine. Stag is a castrated (after sexual maturity) male swine. Poultry are domesticated birds that are kept for meat or eggs including birds of the order Galliformes: chicken, turkey, natatorial (swimming) birds: duck and goose. Flock is a group comprised of one species of poultry. Trio is typically a group of poultry with one male and two females Chicken is a common domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Broiler is a meat chicken processed at the age of 7-12 weeks when it reaches 2 ½ to 3 ½ pounds live weight. Fryer is a meat chicken usually marketed at 12-20 weeks.

Capon are male chickens that have been castrated and they are harvested at 4-8 months old. They weigh 5-9 pounds and produce more white meat and have higher fat content than other chickens. Chick is a newly hatched or a very young chicken. Cock is a male chicken at least one year of age or older. Cockerel is a male chicken less than one year old. Cornish game hens are a cross between a Cornish and Plymouth Rock chicken (although originally they were pure Cornish), 4-5 weeks old, weighing about 2 pounds. They may be of either sex. Hen is a female chicken at least one year of age. Poussin or “spring chicken” is a young chicken, 3-4 weeks old, weighing about 1 pound that is prepared as a single serving. Pullet is a female chicken less than one year of age. A pullet is, in industry, a young female that has yet to start laying eggs Roasters are chickens that are 6-12 months of age weighing 4-7 pounds. Rooster is a male chicken over one year of age.

Stewing fowl is a mature male or female chicken over one year of age. Ducks are any wild or domesticated swimming birds of the family Anatidae, typically having a broad, flat bill, short legs, and webbed feet. Drake is an adult male duck. Duck can refer to a female of the duck family. Ducklings are baby ducks. Old drake is a male duck over 1 year of age. Old duck is a female duck over 1 year of age. Young drake is a male duck under 1 year of age. Young duck is a female duck under 1 year of age. Geese are wild or domesticated water birds of the family Anatidae and of the genera Anser and Branta that typically have a shorter neck than a swan and a shorter, more pointed bill than a duck. Gander is a male goose over 1 year of age. (Also referred to as old gander.) Goose is the singular of geese or a female goose. Gosling is a young goose up until feathers have replaced all of their down. Old goose is a female goose over 1 year of age. Young gander is a male goose under 1 year of age.

Young goose is a female goose under 1 year of age. Turkey is a large North American bird (Meleagris gallopavo) that is widely domesticated for food and comes in many varieties. Hen is a female turkey over one year of age. Old hen is a female turkey over one year of age. Old tom is a male turkey over 1 year of age. Poult is a young domestic (not wild) turkey. Tom is a male turkey. Young hen is a female turkey under 1 year of age. Young tom is a male turkey under 1 year of age. Horses: Facts about Horses INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT HORSES 1 The modern domestic horse has a life expectancy of 25 to 30 years. The oldest horse who ever lived was called Old Billy and died at 62 years old. A 450-kilogram horse will eat 7 to 11 kilograms of food per day and, under normal use, drink 38 litres to 45 litres of water. Horses cannot vomit, so problems with digestion is a leading cause of death. 2 Horses are measured in hands. Each hand equals four inches.

If you say a horse is 16.2 hands high, the 2 means 2 fingers. A horse also has no muscles in its legs below the knees. An adult horse’s brain weighs about half that of a human. Horses' teeth never stop growing. Horses have 16 muscles in each ear, allowing them to rotate their ears 180 degrees. 3 A healthy adult horse should have a pulse of between 36 and 40 beats per minute while at rest. Horses normally sleep two and a half to three hours a day. A horse has approximately 205 bones. Horses can sleep both lying down and standing up. They lock their legs when they go to sleep. Horses have the largest eyes of any land animal. A horse can see completely around its entire body except for small blind spots directly in front of its face, underneath its head, and directly behind itself. 4 A young horse of under 1 year old is called a foal. Foals are normally born at night, after being born, it only takes a foal about 1-2 hours to stand up and walk. Foals have milk teeth, which are replaced by permanent teeth around 3-5 years old.

5 A horse can move in four ways: walk, trot, canter, and gallop. Galloping is the fastest. Horses gallop at around 44 kph (27 mph). In the gallop all four of the horses legs are off the ground at the same time. The fastest speed a horse has ever ran was 88 kph (55 mph). One metric horsepower = 736 watts. Chariot racing was the first Olympic sport in 680 B.C. When cantering, a horse takes a breath with every stride. 6 A stallion is a male horse. A mare is a female horse. A colt is a young male horse. A filly is a young female horse. A gelding is a castrated horse. A yearling is a horse of either sex that is between one and two years old. A pony is a small horse. 7 Some people say that horses have 5 hearts because blood is pumped back up to the heart as the feet expand and contract with each step. When the foot is set down on the ground, it expands and fills with blood.

When the foot is picked up, it contracts and the blood is sent back up the hoof to the heart. One litre of blood is pumped through the body every 20 strides. 8 Gestation, (the period between conception and giving birth) lasts approximately 340 days, with an average range 320–370 days,and usually results in one foal, twins are rare. Foals are usually born in the spring. Foals stop drinking their mother's milk when they are between four and six months of age. HORSE GLOSSARY Horse Glossary A Abrasion. Scrape. Abort, Abortion: When a dead embryo or is absorbed or expelled prior to the time when it could survive outside the uterus. Abscess: A hole formed by dying tissue that is often filled with puss. A localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue. Acre. Unit of measurement of land area; 4,840 square yards or 43,560 square feet. Action: The horse's way of travel, how he moves his legs and degree of animation. The degree of flexion of the joints of the legs during movement; also reflected in head, neck, and tail carriage.

High, snappy action is desired in some classes while easy, ground-covering action is the goal in other classes. Afterbirth: Placenta, surrounds the foal in the uterus and transfers nutrients between mare and foal. Also removes waste. Age (of the horse). Computed from January 1 of the year in which the horse is foaled. Aged. A horse which is ten years old or more A.I. Artificial insemination, the mechanical introduction of semen into the genital tract of the female. Aid. An aid is an action by a part of the rider's or handler's body to a part of the horse's body to cause the horse to react in a particular way. An aid is almost never used alone but always used in conjunction with other aids. A rider's natural aids are his or her mind, seat, weight, upper body, legs, hands, and voice. The combined use of all of the rider's aids simultaneously produce a smooth, balanced response from a horse. A handler's natural aids are the mind, hands, and overall body language. Examples of Artificial Aids (which are extensions, reinforcements, or substitutions for the natural aids) are whips, spurs, and nosebands. Aids.

Signals from the rider to the horse with with his hands, seat, weight, legs and voice, to tell the horse what to do. . Natural aids are the mind, voice, hands, legs, and weight. Examples of artificial aids (which are extensions, reinforcements, or substitutions of the natural aids) are whips, spurs, nosebands, draw reins and martingales. Alfalfa (medicago sativa). A leguminous plant used primarily for hay, usually high in protein and calcium. Amateur-Owner. Class open to horses whose owner or member of owner's immediate family is the rider. Amateur. Rider over eighteen who does not get paid for riding. An individual who rides or exhibits a horse in competition, who does not derive profit from such activities and does not do so as a profession. Amino acid: The main component of protein that the horse breaks proteins down to for absorption. Anestrus. When a mare is not having or showing heat or estrus. Antigen: Substance, often in protein form, that the body's immune system will react to by producing antibodies. Antiseptic: A chemical that inhibits the growth of microorganisms without killing them.

Antitoxin: A substance that acts against specific toxins. it produced by the body and carried in the bloodstream. Appointments: The type of tack for the horse and attire for the rider or handler that is considered standard for that type of horse or breed. Artificial vagina. A mechanical device with a rubber liner used to collect semen from the stallion. Ascarids. Roundworms. Ascaris (plural ascarids). Large white intestinal parasite; in the horse the common ascaris is Paracaris equorum. Aspirate. Pull back slightly on syringe plunger to draw fluid back into chamber (checks whether needle has entered blood vessel.) Astride. When a rider sits on a horse with one leg on either side of the horse Attire. The rider's clothes. B Back. A two-beat diagonal gait in reverse. Back at the knee. a fault in the forelegs in which the lower limb below the knee, when viewed from the side, tends to be concave. Also known as calf-knee and buck-knee. Undesirable because the limb would be of little use in absorbing concussion. Bacterin: A vaccine that provides protection against bacterial infection. Bag.

(n.) Udder, mammary gland; (v.) Enlarging the udder prior to foaling. Balance. In regard to movement, a state of equilibrium; in regard to conformation, desirable proportions. Distribution of weight between horse and rider. Bald. White or light color on a horse's head from poll to nose, including around the eyes. Balk. To refuse or cease to move forward. Bank. Solid earthen ramp or wall that is used as a drop jump. Bareback. Riding without a saddle Barefoot: Unshod. Barley. A small grain similar to rye or wheat. Barn sour. Herd-bound; a bad habit that may result in a horse bolting back to the barn or to his herdmates. Barren. Condition of a mare that did not become pregnant during the breeding season. Bars. Part of the saddleï¿½s tree that runs along each side and parallel to the horse's spine; interdental space between incisors and molars where the bit lies. Bascule. The desirable arc a horse's body makes as it goes over a jump. Base. The rider's seat and weight. Base narrow.

The legs are very close together when viewed from in front or behind Base wide. The horse has a wide space between the legs when viewed from in front or behind Bastard strangles. Strangles that result in abscesses in internal glands. Bay. A body color ranging from tan to reddish-brown, with black mane and tail, and usually black on the lower legs. Beat. A single step in a gait, involving one leg or two. For example, the walk is a 4-beat gait, with each beat stepped off by a single leg, one at a time, 1-2-3-4. The trot is a 2-beat gait, stepped off by two legs landing at the same time, 1-2. Bedding: The material used on the floor of a stall to absorb moisture and provide padding. Behind the bit. When a horse draws his head in toward his chest to avoid contact with the bit Bell boots. Bell-shaped rubber covering that fits over the horse's foot and hoof to protect from injury. Bib. A device fastened under a horse's lower jaw to prevent it from chewing or licking itself, while still allowing it to eat and drink. Big Licked.

Sang term used to refer to a horse that has more than the average stride and or animation when performing its gaits. Bight. Traditionally a loop in a rope. With closed veins, such as with an English bridle, bight refers to the ends of the reins. Even though Western reins are often split, their ends are also referred to as the bight. Bit-Guard. Rubber or leather ring that lies between the horse's cheek and the snaffle bit ring to prevent skin pinching. Bit. A device placed in the mouth of the horse as a means of control attached to the bridle and the reins or lines. Biting. A bad habit common to young horses, stallions, and spoiled horses. It can result from hand-fed treats, petting, or improper training. Black. A body color that is true black over the entire body, but may have white leg and face markings. Blanch. Temporarily squeeze the blood out of capillaries. Blanket. A fabric cover for a horse's body, usually made of wool or heavy material (see also rug & sheet); a marking of lighter color over the rump of a dark horse. Also a term describing color pattern on an Appaloosa.

Blaze.White or light coloring on a horse's face, between the eyes from poll to nose. Blemish. A visible defect that does not affect serviceability. An unattractive scar or lump that does not affect the performance of the animal. Bloodlines. The family lineage. The ancestry of an animal. Bloodworm. Usually refers to strongyles. Blow up. When a horse suddenly loses its temper. Blue roan. A body color that has a uniform mixture of black and white hairs all over the body. Board: To pay for facilities and care for a horse. Bolting. Eating very rapidly , gulping feed without proper chewing; running away with rider. Bone spavin. Bony deposit on the inside and lower part of the hock which may cause the horse to drag the hind toes, or become lame Booster. A repeat immunization to restore or increase the amount of immunity. Boots: Protective covering for the horse's hoofs and legs. Borium. A hard metal spot welded to the bottom of a horseshoe to help keep a horse from slipping. Bosal. Rawhide noseband used in Western training and showing that works on the principles of balance, weight, and pressure.

A hackamore type bridle that the nose piece is knotted under the chin. Bot block. A rough, porous synthetic black "stone" whose uniformly abrasive surface will remove bot eggs from the horse's hair. The block can be "sharpened" by drawing it across a hard edge. Bot fly. A fly that looks like a bee and lays eggs in a horse's hair. Flying parasite which deposits tiny white eggs on the horses legs and belly. If ingested, the larvae migrate through the tongue and/or esophagus and attach themselves to the stomach wall. Bots. Gasterophilus; Parasitic flies. Bowed hocks. a weakness in which the hocks bow outwards when viewed from behind. Bow knees. The front legs appear wide just above the knees when viewed from the front Bowed tendon. Inflamation or damage to a tendon usually caused by overstretching due to improper conditioning, overwork, or an accident. Box. Boxstall, a four-sided stall to confine a horse. Boxy feet. small, donkey-like feet Breast collar. A horse collar that fits over the horse's chest instead of around its neck.

A leather strap which passes around the front of the horse above his forelegs., and is attached to the cinch rings of a western saddle. Another strap passes over the horses neck just ahead of the withers. decorative yet functional in preventing the saddle from slipping back. Breechen. The part of the harness that fits over the horse's rump and holds the load back or permits the horse to back it up; also called "britchen" . Breed association. The organization that registers the birth and pedigree of a particular breed of livestock. Breed character. The quality of conforming to the description of a particular breed. Breeding: Act of copulation between a stallion and a mare. Breeding class. Conformation class. Breeding shed. The building in which breeding takes place. Bridle path. The 4" to 6" area between the forelock and the mane that is usually clipped. Bridle. To maintain contact with the reins so the horse moves "in a frame" and "on the bit." Brilliance. Flash or dazzle, as related to performance. Brindle dun. A dun body color with darker streaks. Broke. Trained and reliable.

Brios: Spirit, used in reference to Spanish style horses. (Paso Fino) Broodmare. A mare used for breeding. Browband: The topmost horizontal leather strap of the bridle which fits under the forelock. Brown. A body color with mixed brown and black hair, with black mane, tail, and legs. Buckskin. A body color that is tan, yellow, or gold with black mane, tail, and lower legs. Buckstitching: The decorative wide, white stitching used on western saddles and bridles. Buggy trot Slang used when referring to the gait of a horse that is long trotting or square trotting. Bulb of heel. The rounded portion of the horse's foot just behind the hoof. Bulk: Indigestible fiber found in feed. Bull pen. A training corral, also called a "round" pen. Bump. To pull and release the reins for a brief contact with the horse's mouth. Burner. A rawhide section on a rope, covering the eye of the hondo to protect the rope from wear. "Bute". Phynalbutazone, a drug which reduces pain. Cadence.

The rhythmic clarity of a gait. Calcium-phosphorus ratio: The amount of calcium compared to the amount of phosphorus in the diet. A ratio of somewhere between 1:1 or 2:1 is conductive to proper bone development. Calk. (n.) A pointed projection on a horseshoe to prevent slipping; (v.) To injure with the calk on a shoe. Calked shoes: Shoes having projections downward from the toe or heel to provide better traction. Cannon. The area between the knee on the front leg, or hock on the rear leg, and the fetlock. Canter. The English term for a three-beat gait with right and left leads. The canter has the same foot fall pattern as the lope. Cantle. The back of the seat of the saddle. The part of the saddle which projects upwards toward the rear Capping. If the rear foot of a horse sets down squarely on the track of the same side front foot as it is set down, the horse is said to be capping. Carotene: A substance that is converted to vitamin A in the animals body that is found in green and yellow feeds. Caslick.

The surgical technique in which the vulvar lips of the mare are cut and sutured so that they grow together making the vulvar opening smaller. Cast: A horse that has fallen or laid too close to a fence or wall and can't get up without assistance. Castration: Removal of the testicles of the male animal. Catheter-tip dose syringe. A large hypodermic syringe with a blunt nozzle tip. Cavalletti. Ground rail suspended between two wooden Xs designed to provide three different heights for working horses. A very small jump. Cavesson. Leather noseband (customarily used with the English snaffle bridle) which encourages the horse to keep its mouth closed; a longeing cavesson is a leather or nylon headstall with a weighted noseband that has metal rings for various attachments of the longe line. Part of the bridle that goes over the nose and under the horse's jaw. Cecum (caecum). The blind gut; in the horse it is huge compared to other animals, holding five to ten gallons of ingesta. Large, sock-shaped pouch between the small and large intestines of a horse. Important in the digestion of cellulose. Cervix.

The narrow neck or mouth of the uterus. Change of leg or lead. Change of the leading legs at the canter or lope. Check rein. A strap that fastens to the bit to keep the horse's head up. Chestnut. A color in which the body, mane, and tail are various shades of brown. Cheyenne roll: A style of cantle where the edge bends downward to form a rim or lip. Chrome. Flashy white markings. Chronic: A continually recurring condition or habit. Cinch: Same as girth, used to hold saddle on. Cinch strap: The strap of leather on the near side that is looped through the cinch to hold the saddle in place. Chute. In cattle events, a fenced lane that contains a single cow behind a gate. Cinch. Band that fastens a Western saddle in place. "Click". Breeding term for situation where certain blood lines, if crossed, produce exceptional offspring. Clinches. The folded-over ends of horseshoe nails on the outside of a shod horse's hooves. Clitoris. Sensitive mound of erectile tissue in the lower portion of a mare's vulva. Clover. A legume used for hay and pasture.

Coarse: A horse lacking refinement, breeding, and quality. A course feed has a high fiber content. Cob. A small horse. Coffin joint. The joint within the hoof of the horse between its short pastern bone (second phalanx) and the coffin bone (third phalanx) also including the navicular bone. Coggins certificate. A veterinarian's document that certifies the horse free of the disease, equine infectious anemia. Coggins test. A laboratory blood test used to detect previous exposure to equine infectious anemia or swamp fever, developed by Dr. Leroy Coggins. Cold-blooded. Refers to horses having ancestors that trace to heavy war horses and draft breeds. Characteristics might include more substance of bone, thick skin, heavy hair coat, shaggy fetlocks, and blood that makes it suitable for slow, hard work. Colic. (n.) Spasmodic pain in the horse, usually caused by spasm of the intestine; (v.) The reaction of a horse to abdominal pain, kicking, rolling, sweating. Collect. To coordinate the horse's moving forward with impulsion while shortening the frame for slow motion. Collection.

Gathered together; a state of organized movement; a degree of equilibrium in which the horse's energized response to the aids is characterized by elevated head and neck, rounded back, "dropped croup," engaged hindquarters, and flexed abdominals. The horse remains on the bit, is light and mobile, and is ready to respond to the requests of the trainer. Shortened and raised strides in any gait (walk, trot, gait, canter). The speed is slower because the stride is shortened, the joints of the fore and hind legs are more active, the head and neck are raised, with the head approaching the vertical position. Color. Description or class in which body coat color and pattern, not conformation is a deciding factor (e.g., Palomino, Dun Factor, etc.). Colostrum. The first milk, containing high protein, sugar, and, most important, globulins . Has a laxative quality and contains globulin's proteins that provide a temporary immunity against infectious diseases. Colt. A male horse under four years of age. Combination. Series of two or more fences within 39 feet 4 inches of each other that must be taken as a pair, an in-and-out.

Common. An ordinary. plain-appearing horse. Complete ration. A usually pelleted ration, containing all the necessary nutrients except water. Concentrates: Feed low in fiber and with Total Digestible Nutrients of close to 75%. Conchas: The decorative round leather, metal, or silver discs through which pass the saddle strings. Condition: State of health. Conditioning. The art and science of preparing a horse mentally and physically for a particular use such as pleasure riding, competitive trail riding, or showing. Cone. A red vinyl traffic cone, used as a marker. Conformation.The build of an animal. Structure, form, and symmetrical arrangement of the parts of a horse.The physical structure of a horse, which is compared to a standard of perfection or an ideal. Congenital: An abnormal condition that an animal possesses at birth. Conjunctiva. The white membrane that lines the eyelid. Conjunctivitis. Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eyes. Consignor. The person who consigns a horse for sale or puts it up for auction. Contact. The horse's stretching forward into the bit and accepting the ein as a means of communication with the rider.

Contracted heels: Heels are pulled close together due to the frog shriveling. caused by lack of use or disease. Corona: A fancy western saddle pad featuring a border of alternating colored thick fabric. Coronary band. The top of the hoof between hair-covered skin and hoof where growth takes place. Coronet. Coronary band. All growth occurs here. Soft tissue is turned into the hardened horn of the hoof wall. Corpus hemorrhagicum. Blood clot that fills pit on ovary immediately after ovulation. Corpus luteum. Yellow gland tissue that replaces corpus hemorrhagicum. Countercanter. Deliberately asking the horse to canter on the lead opposite the direction of movement. For example, in a circle to the right, requesting a countercanter would result in a canter left lead. Cover. To breed a mare. Cow-hocked. A horse with legs angled at the hock similar to a cow's. Cow trot. Term used to refer to method of moving the back end of a horse when trotting. A cow trotting horse is stiff in the rear joints, and uses the hips for most of the forward movement.

A cow trotting horse will swing its tail side to side and its feet out in an arc as it moves them forward. A cow trotting horse will not break over in the hocks, but will swing them side to side in a stiff motion. A cow trotting horse may also be either long trotting or square trotting. Cradle. A device put on a horse's neck so it can't reach to bite or lick its sides or legs. Creep: Area mares can't enter, but foals can, where foals can feed free choice. Cribbing. A vice whereby a horse anchors its teeth onto an object, arches its neck, pulls backward, and swallows air. It can cause the horse to lose weight, suffer tooth damage, and other physical disturbances. Cricket: A copper attachment to a bit's port which will spin in the horse's mouth as he moves his tongue. By having such a thing to play with the horses mouth will stay moist and it helps pacify the horse. Crossbred: Offspring of a sire and dam of different breeds. Cross firing.

A horse is cross firing when the inside rear foot hits first, and the inside front foot hits last when the horse is in the canter or lope. Crossing: Breeding horses of different pedigrees. Cross-tie. A means of tying a horse in which a chain or rope from each side of an aisle is attached to the side rings of the horse's halter. Crude Protein: Calculated amount of protein in the feed based on the amount of nitrogen in the feed. Crupper: A leather loop which passes under the horse's tail and is attached to the saddle to prevent it from slipping forward. Also used in a biting rig or harness. Culture. Cultivation of living cells in prepared media ï¿½ the technique used to determine if a mare's genital tract is infected. Curb: A type of leverage bit with shanks and generally a hump in the middle called the port. Curb strap: The leather strap on the bit passing under the horse's chin. Curb chain: The chain attached to the bit passing under the horse's chin. Cue. A single signal, often made up of several aids, from the rider or handler that tells a horse what to do. Often used in performing tricks.

Cured Hay: Hay that has been dried to allow safe storage, without molding. Curry comb. A metal, plastic, or rubber device with many small teeth for cleaning hard-packed filth off a horse or cow. Cryptorchidism. The retention of one or both testicles in the abdominal cavity. Easyboot. A brand name for a vinyl boot that encloses the horse's hoof. Ejaculation. Emission of semen from the stallion's urethra. Elbow. Joint between the humerus and the radius and ulna, located on the foreleg between the shoulder joint (scaputahumeral) and the knee (carpal joint). Electrolyte. A water solution of salts used to replace or reinforce the normal salts of the blood. Electrolytes. Minerals necessary for many body functions. Elimination. Disqualification from placings because of an infraction of a specifically stated rule, such as a fall, going off pattern, etc.; a process of selecting semifinalists from a very large number of riders. Embryo. The early stage of development of the fetus. Endoscope. An instrument using fiberoptics to view the inside of body cavities. Engage.

To shift weight to the hindquarters, to work off the hindquarters and stride forward with the hind legs. Engagement. Use of the horse's back and hindquarters to create energy and impulsion to forward movement. An engaged horse has a rounded top line, dropped croup, flexed abdominals, and elevated head and neck. English. Referring to riding with English tack and attire. Ensilage (silage). Fodder such as corn or grass preserved by storing without air in a silo. Equestrian. Of or pertaining to horseman or horsemanship; a rider. Equestrienne. Female rider or performer. Equine encephalomyelitis. A viral disease causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Equine influenza. A viral disease affecting the respiratory tract of the horse. Equine viral arteritis. A viral disease of the horse, usually mild but often causing abortion in the mare. Equine. The family of Equidae, horses, asses, and zebras. Equitation. The art of riding. Ergot: A horny growth behind the fetlock joint. Estrogen: Female hormone.

Estrogen is found in large quantities in green grass and tends to increase the fertility of mares. Estrus. "Heat," reproductive period when mare will accept stallion. Cycle lasts 19 to 26 days., the average being 21 days. Evasion. Avoidance of an aid; for example, a horse that overflexes or gets "behind the bit" to keep from accepting contact with the bit. Eventing. Combined training including dressage, cross country, and stadium jumping. Extention: Faster, longer strides in any gait while maintaining the original rhythm.. The outline of the horse should appear to lengthen. with the head and neck stretching forward. The stride should have more impulsion. Extension. Lowering and lengthening of a particular frame and stride Extensor tendons. Tendons located at the front of a limb. Extensor. Muscle responsible for opening the angle of a joint. Foal heat: Estrus that occurs in most mares 9 days after foaling. Foaling: The process of a mare giving birth. Follicle. Fluid-filled blisterlike sack on ovary which contains the ovum (egg).

Forage: Any type of roughage or to graze. Forehand. That portion of the horse from the heart girth forward. Forelock. The hair growing between a horse's ears that falls on the forehead; a horse's "bangs." Fork. Part of the swells of a saddle that makes up the gullet. Founder. Another word for laminitis, a serious disease affecting a horse's hooves and often caused by a horse's eating too much grain or green pasture. Four-beat lope . An incorrect lope, where the horse strikes the ground in a broken rhythm. Free walk. Walk on a loose rein to allow the horse to stretch its neck and lower its head. Frog: Wedge-shaped pad in the sole of the hoof which acts as a shock absorber for the hoof. It contacts the ground first at each step and aides in pumping blood. Fox Trot. The fox trot is a broken diagonal gait with a distinctive rhythm that is created by a horse moving its front foot a split second before its opposite rear foot. The fox trot is a smooth gait because the horse is in contact with the ground at all times.

A horse that is foxtrotting correctly will never have more than two feet off the ground at any given time. On both the front and back ends the horse will sit one foot down as it picks the other foot up and for a moment both feet will be touching the ground. Futurity. A show class or event for young horses that requires entering long (often years) before the actual event. Grand Prix. Top caliber classes in dressage and show jumping, often offering large cash prizes. Granuloma. An excessive amount of non-healing tissue in a wound. Gravel. An abscess of the hoof wall extending from the white line to the coronet. Gray. A color in which the skin is black, and the hair is a mixture of black and white. "Green" or green-broke. An inexperienced horse or rider, relatively speaking. In hunter classes, the horse can be any age and is rated according to awards won in past performances. Grey roan. A horse with a coat of mixed grey and white hairs. Grey. A horse with a truly grey coat. Ground tie. To stand in one place, with reins dropped on the ground. Ground training.

When the trainer works the horse from the ground, rather than being mounted. Includes in-hand work, barn manners, longeing, and ground driving. Grulla. A dun body color that ranges from bluish gray to a brownish gray. Grullo. A type of dun with a smoky or mouse-colored body, and usually having a black mane, tail, lower legs, and dorsal stripe. Gullet. Area under the fork, swells, or pommel of the saddle. Gymkhana. A program of competitive games on horseback, usually timed events. Haylage. Silage made from hay or grass, often referred to as "grass silage". Head shy. Description of a horse who shies away from having his head touched. Header. In team roping, this rider ropes the steer's horns. Headstalls. Another name for bridles. Heart girth. The measurement taken around the horse's barrel just behind the front legs. Heat. The time in the mare's breeding cycle when she is "hot" or receptive to the stallion. Heating. Temperature rises as hay or fodder ferments, dries, or cures. Heaves. Damage to the lungs, resulting in labored breathing.

Heeler. In team roping, this rider ropes the steer's heels. Herd-bound. When a horse is too dependent on being with other horses and doesn't want to be separated from them. High lope. A gallop. Hobbles. Rope, cloth, or leather loops that fasten the forelegs together. Hock. Tarsal joint between the tibia and cannon, corresponding to human heel. Hogback. Three-rail jump with the center element the highest. Hogtie. To tie three legs with a narrow rope. Hollow back: A back which is unduly dipped. Hondo. The eye on the end of a rope that forms the loop. Also called "honda." Honest. A quality in a horse which makes him dependable and predictable. Hooey. A half-hitch knot. Hoof dressing. A preparation designed to be applied to the hoof either for conditioning or for appearance. Hoof packing. Material, usually claylike, to be applied to the bottom of the horse's hoof. Hoof pick. A metal one-tined "rake" to clean debris from a horse's hoof. Hoof.The hard horny covering of the horse's foot.

Horn: The highest part of the pommel, of the western saddle, around which the rider can dally a rope. Horse. An equine usually over 14.2 hands in height. Horsemanship. Exhibition of a rider's skill, usually referring to the Western style of riding. Hot horse. A horse sweaty, warm, and puffing from a recent workout; also a slang term for a horse who may be hard to handle or temperamental. Hot-blooded. Refers to horses having ancestors that trace to Thoroughbreds or Arabians. Characteristics might include fineness of bone, thin skin, fine hair coat, absence of long fetlock hairs, and blood that makes it well-suited for speed and distance work. Humane twitch. A clamp-type twitch. Hunter. A type of horse, not a breed, which is suitable for field hunting or show hunting. In-hand class. A class in which the horse is led by the exhibitor. Inside. In a pen or riding ring, the side of the horse toward the center. Interdental space. The space on the horse's jawbone between the incisors and pre-molars where there are no teeth, making room for the bit.

Intestinal flora. The normal bacteria found in the intestine. Intramuscular (IM). In the muscle. Intravenous. In the vein. Intussusception. Telescoping of the intestine. Inversion. A dangerous condition where a horse's respiration rate is higher than its pulse rate. Irons. Stirrups on an English saddle. Isoerythrolysis. A condition in which antibodies in the mare's colostrum destroy the foal's red blood cells. Lactation: Milk production. Lameness: Unevenness in the horses stride when moving. Laminitis. Founder, inflammation of the sensitive laminae, or plates of vascular tissue, of the wall of the horse's hoof. Larvae. Insects or parasites that have hatched from eggs but are not yet mature. For example, maggots. Lateral Movements. Work in which the horse moves with the forehand and haunches on different tracks. Shoulder-in, haunches-in (travers), haunches-out (renvers), and half-passes are the lateral movements. Lateral (1). A sideways movement. Also, lateral aids, such as outside rein and outside leg.

Lateral (2). In anatomy, away from the midline as opposed to toward the midline. Latigo. Cinch strap on a Western saddle. Lead rope. A rope usually having a snap on one end, used to lead or tie a horse. Lead shank. A webbing or leather strap with short length of chain and a snap, used to lead a horse. Lead. A specific footfall pattern at the canter or lope in which the inside legs of the circle reach farther forward than the outside legs. When working to the right on the right lead, the horse's right foreleg and right hind leg reach farther forward than the left legs. If a horse is loping in a circle to the right on the left lead, he is said to be on the wrong lead or is counter-cantering. Leg Yielding. Exercises designed to teach the horse to move away from leg pressure Legging up. Conditioning a horse's muscle tone by gradually increasing his work. Legume. A class of plants that manufacture their own nitrogen while growing; alfalfa and clover are the most common. Leptospirosis. An infectious disease caused by various leptospira bacteria affecting most warm-blooded species. Let down.

Stopping training, usually done gradually; when milk begins to flow from the mare. Ligaments: Strong. fibrous bands connecting bone to bone. Limited. Type of class with entry restrictions for the horse and/ or the rider, related to prior winnings at specified shows. May be based on number of blue ribbons (usually six) or monetary earnings. Line. The strap leading from the bit to the driver's hands in a driving harness Liniment. A liquid applied externally to increase circulation to a part of the body. Liver chestnut (n. and adj.). A very dark red chestnut color, with mane, tail, and legs the same color as the body or flaxen. Long trot. An extended jog or trot. Or in the giated equine, a slang used to refer to the gait of a horse that is being pushed or over ridden in the fox trot. A horse that is long trotting will have some fly time on the front end, but may not have fly time on the back end. A long trotting horse will have at least three feet off the ground part of the time, and will not give as smooth a ride as a horse that is foxtrotting correctly. Longe.

To work a horse in a circle usually on a 30-foot line around you at various gaits. Loose rein. A slack rein. Lope. A three-beat gait: (1) an initiating hind leg; (2) a diagonal pair including the leading hind leg and the diagonal foreleg; and (3) the leading foreleg. Also, to canter slowly. Lymph node. Gland in the body that filters the lymph. Lymph. A usually clear fluid similar to blood serum; it may be free in the tissues of the body, in lymph vessels, or part of the blood. Periodic opthalmia. See moon blindness . Periople: External covering of the hoof wall. Piaffe(R). Highly collected and cadenced trot in place. Picket line. Rope tie rail. Piggin string. A short, narrow rope used to hogtie a calf or steer. Pinworms. Oxyuris equi; parasites. Pirouette. Circle executed on two tracks with the radius equal to the length of the horse, with the forehand moving around the haunches and maintaining the exact rhythm and sequence of footfalls of the gait being used. Pitch.

To loosen the reins abruptly and completely, or to toss a rope. Pivot. Crisp, prompt turn on the hindquarters. Placenta. (afterbirth), the membrane attached to the inside of the uterus which takes nutrients from the mare's blood to the fetus through the umbilical cord. Pleasure. Rail class designed to showcase smooth movers. Pocket. A comfortable, secure place in the saddle. In timed events, the area where you collect the horse and start your turn around a barrel or pole. Points. The coloring of the legs, mane, and tail. Pole barn. A barn built on poles set in the earth. Poll. The junction of the vertebrae with the skull located between a horse's ears; an area of great sensitivity and flexion. Pommel. The wide uplifted front of the saddle (forming the fork in the western saddle). Pony Club. A national organization that teaches youngsters to care for and ride horses. Pony. Technically, a horse under 14.2 hands, but for practical purposes, individuals of one of the classic pony breeds such as Shetland, Welsh, Connemara, Pony of the Americas (P.O.A.), etc. Post.

To rise from the saddle in rhythm with the horse's trot. Posterior pituitary extract. Hormone produced by the pituitary gland causing milk letdown and contraction of the uterus at foaling. Potomac fever. Disease caused by a rickettsia (Ehrlichia equi), with acute projectile diarrhea, laminitis, and usually death: its means of spread from animal to animal has not been determined. Pre-potent. A stallion that passes on more than the usual number of traits. Premolars. The teeth that are located in front of the molars. Presence. Personality, charisma. A proud carriage and alert attitude that causes the individual to stand out in the crowd. Professional. The definition varies among associations but most term professional the following activities of a person over eighteen: being paid for riding, driving, or showing at halter; for training or boarding; for instructing; for conducting seminars or clinics; in some situations for being employed as a groom or farrier; for use of name or photo in connection with advertisement; for accepting prize money in classes. Progesterone. The hormone produced by the corpus luteum, which helps to maintain pregnancy and control the estrus cycle. Prop.

In timed events, a pole or barrel. Proud flesh. Protrusion of tissue from wound that will not heal. Puarter. Usually refers to the portion of the wall of the hoof such as inside rear quarter, inside front quarter, outside rear quarter, etc. Pulse. Heart rate. Normal adult resting heart rate varies among horses but is usually 40 beats per minute. Pupae. The stage of development between the bot egg and the bot fly. Purebred. A horse with both sire and dam of the same breed. Put down. To euthanize. Sire. Father of a horse. Skirt: The square or round leather flaps under the saddle seat of the western saddle. Slack. Loose rope or reins, or to loosen. In rodeo, the morning or afternoon performance. Sleeping sickness. Encephalomyelitis. Smegma. Accumulation of fatty secretions, dead skin cells, and dirt found in the male's sheath. Snaffle, Snaffle bit. Bit with a solid or jointed mouthpiece that has no shanks and works on principles of direct pressure only. Snatch. To jerk the reins sharply. Snip. Small white streak above or on nose.

"Snots". Rhinopneumenitis in foals when thick mucous runs from nose. Sock. White above fetlock . Sole. The bottom layer of the hoof. Sored. Having physical evidence of inhumane training practices. Sorrel. A reddish or copper-red body with mane and tail the same color as the body. Sound. Having no defect, visible or unseen, that affects serviceability; the state of being able to perform without hindrance. Spasmodic colic. Acute intermittent colic as digestive tract spasms (usually involves small intestine). Spavin. An unsoundness of the hock which can involve soft tissues (bog spavin) or bone (bone spavin or jack spavin). Spayed mare. A neutered female horse. Splint boots. Protective covering worn around the cannons of the front legs to prevent injury. Splint. Term commonly applied to inflammation of the attachment of the splint bone to the cannon; older cases of splints are identified as bony enlargements at various points along the splint bone. Spooky. An easily startled horse. Sport horse. A purebred or crossbred horse suitable for dressage, jumping, eventing, or endurance.

Spread. Type of fence that requires jumping the width from front to rear. Stake out. Tie an animal on a long rope or chain to a stake driven in the ground. Stakes class. Money-earning class. Stallion syndicate. A financial investment group owning shares in a stallion. Stallion. A male horse four years of age and over (not gelded). Standardbred. An American breed of horse developed for harness racing. Standing. When a stallion is at a breeding farm to breed mares brought to him. Standing bandage. A bandage held up by wraps down to the hoof. Step. A beat. Steward. A show official who assists the judge in or out of the show pen. Stirrup: The leather covered (in the western saddle) or metal (in the English saddle) part of the saddle used to support the riders feet. Stock horse. A Western-style horse of the Quarter Horse type. Stocking. White leg marking above the cannon. Stomach tube. Tube passed usually through the nose into the stomach. Straight bit. A simple bar bit with no breaks, joints, or projections. Straight stall. Stall with two walls and manger where horse is tied.

Strain. The action of a mare when trying to expel the foal, holdingher breath and contracting her abdominal muscles. Strangles. Bacterial respiratory disease caused by Streptococcus equii causing swollen abscessed glands. Strawberry roan. A mixture of red and white hairs all over a horse's body, with red, black, or flaxen mane and tail. Also called red roan. Stride. The distance traveled in a particular gait, measured from the spot where one hoof hits the ground to where it next lands. Ten to twelve feet is the normal length of stride at a canter, for example. Strike. When horse reaches up, out, and down with front foot. Striking. A bad habit of reaching out with a front foot so as to hit the handler, equipment, or another horse. A problem calling for professional help. String out. To move without engaging the hindquarters, so hind end looks "strung out" from the forehand. Stripe. White streak down face. Strongyle. "blood worm". Stud fee. The charge for breeding to a stallion. Stud, Stud farm. Farm where mares are bred. Stud. A stallion used for breeding.

Subcutaneous. Under the skin. Substance. Strength and density of bone, muscle, and tendons or an indication of large body size. "Suck wind". The action of a mare taking air into her genital tract. Suckling. A foal that is still with its mother; it has not been weaned; usually it is under four months of age. Suitability. Appropriateness for a particular purpose and/or a type or size of rider. Sulky. Two-wheeled cart. Sull. To move slowly, to resist moving forward. Sullen. Sulky, resentful, or withdrawn. Surcingle. The strap that encircles the heart girth. A belt or girth of leather or nylon webbing that is passed around the horse at the girth line and firmly fastened down. Sutured. Caslick operation having been performed. Swamp fever. Equine infectious anemia. Sweat scraper. Metal blade to scrape sweat and water off horse's coat. Sweat. A mild liniment put on under a waterproof wrapping to "draw" swelling and infection. Sweet feed. Feed containing molasses. Swells. Exterior projection of the fork of a Western saddle.

Question: A male horse four years and under is called what?
Answer: Colt