Tog_(unit) Tog_(unit) Tog (unit) The tog is a measure of thermal resistance , commonly used in the textile industry, and often seen quoted on, for example, duvets. The Shirley Institute in Britain developed the tog as an easy-to-follow alternative to the SI unit of m2K/W. Launched in the 1960s, the Shirley Togmeter is the standard apparatus for rating thermal resistance of textiles, commonly known as the Tog Test. A tog is 0.1 m2K/W. In other words, the thermal resistance in togs is equal to ten times the temperature difference (in °C ) between the two surfaces of a material, when the flow of heat is equal to one watt per square metre.

According to British retailer John Lewis, tog guidelines for duvets are as follows: [1] Lightweight summer duvet: What is TOG in a Duvet Quilt | eBay What is TOG in a Duvet Quilt Share 11 October 2012 The tog is a measure of thermal resistance of a unit area, also known as thermal insulance, commonly used in the textile industry, and often seen quoted on, for example, duvets. The Shirley Institute in Manchester, England developed the tog as an easy-to-follow alternative to the SI unit of m2K/W. The name comes from the informal word "togs" for clothing which itself was probably derived from the word toga, a Roman garment. The basic unit of insulation coefficient is the RSI, (1 m² K / Watt). 1 tog = 0.1 RSI. There is also a clo clothing unit equivalent to 0.155 RSI or 1.55 tog. A tog is 0.1 m2K/W.

In other words, the thermal resistance in togs is equal to ten times the temperature difference (in °C) between the two surfaces of a material, when the flow of heat is equal to one watt per square metre. British duvets are sold in steps of 1.5 tog from 4.5 tog (summer) to 15 tog (extra-warm). The stated values are minima, actual values may be up to 3 tog higher. Tog guidelines for duvets are as follows: Lightweight summer duvet: 3.0 - 4.5 tog Spring/Autumn weight duvet: 7.0 - 10.5 tog Winter weight duvet: 13.5 - 15.0 tog Some manufacturers have marketed combined duvet sets consisting of two duvets; one of approximately 4.5 tog and one of approximately 9.0 tog. These can be used individually as summer (4.5 tog) and spring/autumn (9.0 tog).

When joined together using press studs around the edges, or Velcro strips across each of the corners, they become a 13.5 tog winter duvet and as such can be made to suit all seasons. Units: T informal abbreviation for "trillion," meaning the American trillion 1012. T [2] symbol for the Dvorak T-number, a subjective estimate of the strength of a tropical cyclone based on its appearance in satellite imagery. The T-numbers range from T1.0 to T8.0 in steps of 0.5; ratings above T2.5 indicate a tropical storm and ratings above T4.0 indicate a hurricane or typhoon. The scale was developed by the U.S. meteorologist Vernon Dvorak in 1974. Wikipedia has details . T [3] the symbol for the tesla (see below). tablespoon or tablespoonful (tbsp, tblsp, Tsp or T) [1] a unit of volume used in food recipes. In the U.S., the tablespoon is equal to 1/2 fluid ounce ; this is about 14.8 milliliters.

In Canada, the traditional tablespoon is 1/2 Imperial fluid ounce (14.2 milliliters). In Britain, traditional tablespoons varied somewhat in size, and various older references give sizes in the range from 1/2 to 5/8 Imperial fluid ounce (14.2-17.6 milliliters). Under the metric system the tablespoon has become more or less standardized at 15 milliliters in Britain, Canada, and New Zealand, 20 milliliters in Australia. The U.S. tablespoon equals 3 teaspoons or 1/16 cup ; the traditional British tablespoonful was often equal to 4 teaspoonfuls or 1/10 teacupful. The metric tablespoon equals 3 teaspoons (4 in Australia). tablespoon or tablespoonful (tbsp, tblsp, Tsp, or T) [2] a unit of volume used in bartending. U.S. bartenders use a tablespoon of 3/8 fluid ounce or 1/4 jigger; this is equivalent to about 11.1 milliliters. tael or tahil a traditional unit of weight used throughout eastern Asia.

During the colonial period, the tael was more or less standardized throughout the region at 4/3 ounce avoirdupois (1/16 catty , 1/12 pound , or about 37.8 grams). In Japan, however, the tael was identified with a slightly smaller traditional unit and is considered equal to 1.323 ounces (37.51 grams). The tael is usually considered equal to the Chinese liang . tagwerk see juchart . talangwah (tw) the square wah , a common unit of area in Thailand, equal to exactly 4 square meters or 43.0556 square feet. There are 100 talangwah in 1 ngarn , 400 in 1 rai . talbot (T) a unit of luminous (light) energy. One talbot is the energy carried by a light flux of one lumen in one second, that is, the talbot is the same as the lumen second (lm·s).

For light of wavelength 555 nanometers (nm), the wavelength to which the eye is most sensitive, the talbot equals 1.464 milli joule . For other wavelengths l, the talbot equals 1.464·V(l) millijoules, where V(l) is the "luminous efficiency," a factor representing the relative sensitivity of the eye at wavelength l. Although the talbot is compatible with the SI , it has not been accepted as part of the International System; the symbol T would not be acceptable since it duplicates the symbol for the tesla. The unit, previously called the lumberg, is now named for the British physicist W.H. Fox Talbot (1800-1877). talent a historic unit of weight, used in various forms throughout the eastern Mediterranean. The Hebrew sacred talent, mentioned in the Bible, was equal to 60 minas or about 30 kilograms (66 pounds). The Greek talent, also equal to 60 minas, was smaller, 25.8 kilograms or about 57 pounds. tan [1] a traditional Chinese weight unit, now spelled dan in English transliteration.

During the European colonial era the tan was equal to 100 cattys or 1600 taels. This is equivalent to 133.333 pounds , making the tan comparable to the European quintal as a commercial weight unit. In modern China the tan, or rather the dan, is equal to 100 jin , which is exactly 50 kilograms (110.231 pounds). tan [2] a traditional unit of land area in Japan equal to 10 se or about 991.7 square meters (0.099 hectare or 0.245 acre ). tarea a traditional unit of land area in the Dominican Republic and some parts of Central America. The tarea is generally equal to 900 square varas , so it is the area of a square 30 varas (about 25.05 meters) on a side. In the Dominican Republic, the tarea equals about 628 square meters or 751 square yards; this is 0.0628 hectare or 0.155 acre .

The Spanish word tarea means a task or job, so this unit, like many land area units, originated as the area which could be "worked" in a given time. tarefa a traditional unit of land area in Brazil, varying in size from one locality to another but generally at least 3000 square meters (0.3 hectare or 0.741 acre ). In the states of Alagoas, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe the tarefa equals 3025 square meters (0.3025 hectare or 0.748 acre ); in Ceará the unit equals 3630 square meters (0.363 hectare or 0.897 acre ); and in Bahia the tarefa is 4356 square meters (0.4356 hectare or 1.076 acre ). The Portuguese word tarefa, like the Spanish tarea, means a task or job.

tatami a Japanese unit of area equal to the area of a traditional tatami mat, 0.5 ken by 1 ken or about 90 centimeters by 180 centimeters (roughly 1.62 square meters or 17.5 square feet). This unit, used especially for measuring the area of rooms in houses and apartments, is also called the jo. tce a symbol for tonne of coal equivalent, a unit of energy used in the international energy industry. 1 tce represents the energy available from burning one tonne (metric ton) of coal; this is considered equivalent to exactly 0.7 tonnes or approximately 5.2 barrels of oil, or 890 cubic meters of natural gas. 1 tce is equivalent to 29.308 giga joules (GJ), 27.778 million Btu (MM Btu) or dekatherms, or 8.141 mega watt hours (MWh). Te, te non-standard symbols for the tonne (metric ton), used by some engineers in the UK. The only proper symbol for the tonne is t.

If it is necessary to distinguish the tonne from the British Imperial ton, use tn for the British unit. teacupful a unit of liquid volume used in British food recipes. The teacupful is the same volume as an Imperial gill : 5 fluid ounces, 8.670 cubic inches, or about 137.7 milliliters. teaspoon or teaspoonful (tsp or t) [1] a unit of volume used in food recipes. The U.S. teaspoon is equal to 1/3 tablespoon or 1/48 cup ; this is equivalent to 1/6 fluid ounce , about 0.30 cubic inches, or approximately 4.9 milliliters. In Canada, the traditional teaspoon is 1/6 Imperial fluid ounce or about 4.74 milliliters. In Britain, a traditional teaspoonful in the kitchen was equal to 1/8 Imperial fluid ounce or approximately 3.55 milliliters, but the medical teaspoonful was usually 5 milliliters. In metric kitchens in Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, a teaspoonful is exactly 5 milliliters.

teaspoon or teaspoonful (tsp or t) [2] a unit of volume used in bartending. U.S. bartenders use a teaspoon equal to 1/8 fluid ounce or 1/12 jigger; this is equivalent to about 3.7 milliliters. technical atmosphere (at) a metric unit of pressure equal to one kilogram of force per square centimeter. The technical atmosphere equals about 980.665 millibars (mb), 98.0665 kilo pascal s (kPa), approximately 28.96 inches of mercury (in Hg), or 14.223 pounds of force per square inch (lbf/in2). This is about 97% of the average pressure of the earth's atmosphere at sea level. tebi- (Ti-) a binary prefix meaning 240 = 1 099 511 627 776. This prefix, adopted by the International Electrotechnical Commission in 1998, replaces tera- for binary applications in computer science.

The prefix is a contraction of "terabinary." tenth-meter an old name for the angstrom , a unit of distance equal to 10-10 meter. tera- (T-) a metric prefix meaning 1012, or one trillion. The prefix was derived from the Greek word for monster, teras. (Our words "terrible" and "terrific" have this same root.) The three prefixes mega-, giga-, and tera- thus mean something like "huge," "gigantic," and "monstrous," respectively. But also, and apparently by coincidence, the prefix tera- suggests the Greek tetra, meaning 4. This is significant because tera- is the fourth prefix, following kilo-, mega-, and giga-, in the list of SI prefixes for multiples of 1000n. This coincidence was exploited in defining the subsequent prefixes peta-, exa-, zetta-, and yotta-, corresponding to the powers n = 5 through 8 in 1000n, so that they suggest the Greek numbers penta, hexa, hepta, and okta for 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively.

terabecquerel (TBq) a unit of radioactivity equal to 1012 atomic disintegrations per second or 27.027 curies . teraflops (Tflops) a unit of computing power equal to one trillion (1012) floating point operations per second. See flops . teragram (Tg) a metric unit of mass equal to 1012 grams or 1 megatonne (one million metric tons). This unit is frequently used in atmospheric science and other scientific contexts where large masses are considered. terahertz (THz) a unit of frequency equal to 1012 per second or 1 per picosecond. Infrared and visible light waves have frequencies measured in terahertz. terajoule (TJ) a metric unit of energy commonly used in the energy industry, equal to 1012 joules . One terajoule equals 947.817 million Btu , 277.7778 megawatt hours (MW·h), or about 9480 therms (see below).

terameter (Tm) a metric unit of distance equal to 1012 meters or 109 kilometers. This is about 6.6846 astronomical units . The distance from Saturn to the Sun is about 1.43 terameters. terannual an adjective meaning 3 times per year or once every 4 months. Not to be confused with triennial (once every 3 years). terawatt (TW) a metric unit of power equal to one trillion (1012) watts or about 1.341 billion horsepower . terawatt hour (TW·h) a metric unit of energy equal to one billion kilowatt hours (kW·h), 3.6 peta joules (PJ), or about 3.412 trillion Btu . tertian a traditional unit of volume for liquids. The tertian, like the tierce (see below) takes its name from the Latin for 1/3. It equals 1/3 tun, which is 2 tierces or 84 U.S. gallons (about 318 liters).

tesla (T) the SI unit of flux density (or field intensity) for magnetic fields (also called the magnetic induction). The intensity of a magnetic field can be measured by placing a current-carrying conductor in the field. The magnetic field exerts a force on the conductor, a force which depends on the amount of the current and on the length of the conductor. One tesla is defined as the field intensity generating one newton of force per ampere of current per meter of conductor. Equivalently, one tesla represents a magnetic flux density of one weber per square meter of area. A field of one tesla is quite strong: the strongest fields available in laboratories are about 20 teslas, and the Earth's magnetic flux density, at its surface, is about 50 microteslas (µT). One tesla equals 10 000 gauss . The tesla, defined in 1958, honors the Serbian-American electrical engineer Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), whose work in electromagnetic induction led to the first practical generators and motors using alternating current. tetrad [1] a unit of quantity equal to 4.

tetrad [2] a unit of digital information equal to 4 bits or 1/2 byte . This unit, in various contexts, is also called a nibble, a quadbit, or a hexit. The unit seems to be more common in German, where it is spelled tetrade. TEU a unit of cargo capacity, especially for container ships. These ships carry cargo in standard metal boxes, called containers, which can be transferred easily to trains or trucks. TEU is an abbreviation for "twenty-foot equivalent unit." One TEU represents the cargo capacity of a standard container 20 feet long, 8 feet wide, and (usually) a little over 8 feet high, or half the capacity of a similar container 40 feet long. One TEU equals about 12 register tons (see ton [3] below) or 34 cubic meters. TeV the symbol for one trillion (1012) electronvolts .

Thanks to Einstein's equation E = mc2 equating mass with energy, the TeV can be regarded either as a unit of energy equal to 160.217 646 2 nano joules , or as a unit of mass equal to 1.782 662 x 10-21 gram or 1073.544 atomic mass units . tex a metric unit used in the textile industry to measure the density of a single fiber of yarn. One tex equals a density of one gram per kilometer of length, or 1 mg/m. One tex equals 10 drex or 9 denier . therblig a unit of physical activity used in time-and-motion studies in industrial engineering. A therblig represents one of 18 standardized activities identified by the American industrial psychologists Frank B.

Gilbreth (1868-1924) and Lillian Moller Gilbreth (1878-1972): search, find, select, grasp, hold, position, assemble, use, disassemble, inspect, transport loaded, transport unloaded, pre-position for next operation, release load, unavoidable delay, avoidable delay, plan, and rest for overcoming fatigue. The word is Gilbreth spelled backwards (considering "th" as one letter). therm (thm) a commercial unit of heat energy. The therm is equal to 100 000 Btu . Because there have been several definitions of the Btu, there are two official definitions of the therm. In the U.S., the legal definition (made in 1968) is that the therm equals 105.4804 mega joules . The European Union's definition, made in 1979 using the more current IT Btu, is 105.5060 megajoules. Either way the therm is equal to about 25 200 (large) calories or about 29.3 kilowatt hours of electrical energy.

One therm can also be provided by about 96.7 cubic feet of natural gas. The therm has sometimes been confused with the thermie (see below). The names of both units come from the Greek word for heat, therme. thermal ohm an informal name for the SI unit of thermal resistance, kelvins per watt (K/W) or degrees Celsius per watt (°C/W). The thermal resistance of an insulating material, in thermal ohms, is the R-value (in SI units, equal to 0.1442 times the R-value in English units) divided by the thickness of the material, in meters. The name expresses an analogy between heat flow and electric current: the temperature difference (in kelvins or °C) corresponds to electric potential difference (in volts), while the heat flow rate (in watts, equal to joules per second) corresponds to electric current (in amperes). By Ohm's Law, the ratio of potential to current is the electric resistance (measured in ohms ). Thus the corresponding ratio of temperature difference to heat flow rate is measured in thermal ohms.

thermie (th) a metric unit of heat energy, part of the meter-tonne-second system sometimes used by European engineers. The thermie is equal to the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 tonne of water by 1°C. The thermie is equivalent to 1000 (large) calories , 4.1868 megajoules or 3968.3 Btu . thermochemical calorie (calth) a form of the calorie formerly used in chemistry. The thermochemical calorie was defined in 1935 to equal exactly 4.184 joules . This is slightly smaller than the International Steam Table calorie (4.1868 joules) defined in 1956. thimbleful an informal unit of volume, often used as a prototypical small amount in statements such as "a thimbleful of matter from a neutron star would weigh 100 million tons." A thimble holds just about one cubic centimeter (or one milliliter). third [1] a unit used in music to describe the ratio in frequency between notes.

Two notes differ by a minor third if the higher note has frequency exactly 6/5 times the frequency of the lower one, or by a major third if the higher note has frequency exactly 5/4 times the frequency of the lower one. On the standard 12-tone scale, the minor third is approximated by 3 half steps , corresponding to a frequency ratio of 21/4 = 1.1892; the major third is approximated by 4 half steps, corresponding to a frequency ratio of 21/3 = 1.2599. third ("') [2] a unit of time equal to 1/60 second. The symbol for this rarely-used unit is a triple prime, suggesting a natural progression from the minute (') through the second (") to the third ("'). third-octave a unit of frequency interval describing a band of frequencies such that the highest frequency is 21/3 = 1.260 times the lowest. This unit is commonly used in noise control and abatement.

thou [1] an alternate name for what Americans call a mil : a unit of distance equal to 0.001 inch (25.4 micrometers). This name originated in Britain, but it is now common in the U.S. also. thou [2] an informal contraction of "thousand," sometimes used as a unit of quantity. thrave a traditional measure of grain in Scotland and northern England. A thrave is usually 24 sheaves, each about 30 inches (76 centimeters) in circumference. thread a traditional unit of length for cotton yarn, equal to 54 inches (1.5 yards , or 137.16 centimeters). There are 80 threads in a skein or lea . thumb another name for an inch . tical a traditional unit of weight in southeast Asia, originating as the weight of a coin of the same name. In Myanmar (Burma), where the unit is still in use for measuring the weights of precious metals and drugs, the tical is equivalent to 16.4 grams. tick [1] an informal unit of time equal to the length of one cycle of a clock.

A tick of a computer's system clock, also called a jiffy , is usually 0.01 second. A tick in athletics is the smallest increment of time measured in a timed competition, usually 0.1 second or 0.01 second. tick [2] a unit used in finance and investing to express the smallest measured change in a price or index. For example, at the Chicago Board of Trade in the U.S. a tick in the price of many agricultural commodities is equal to 1/4 cent ($0.0025) per bushel [3]. TID abbreviation for the Latin ter in die, three times a day, a unit of frequency traditionally used in medical prescriptions. tidal day a unit of time equal to the average period between two successive passages of the moon through the meridian (the imaginary line across the sky from due north to due south). High and low tides repeat with this period (on the average), so the unit is fundamental to predictions of these tides. The tidal day, also called the lunar day, is equal to approximately 24 hours 50.272 minutes (1490.272 minutes).

tier another name for a rick , a unit of firewood volume equal to 1/3 cord . tierce an old English unit of volume, equal to 1/3 butt or 42 United States gallons. The tierce is almost exactly 159 liters. The name of the unit is French; it is derived from the Latin tertius meaning 1/3. The tierce is identical to the petroleum barrel [2]. timber a traditional unit of quantity for furs equal to 2 score or 40. This unit, which persisted at least into the nineteenth century, originated because furs were shipped in bundles of 40 pressed between two boards or timbers. time statements of the time of day are made in various ways in different countries. To avoid confusion in international communications, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established (in 1986) International Standard 8601 for representation of dates and times.

The ISO 8601 format for time statements is HH:MM, or HH:MM:SS, where HH is the hour number (00 to 23), MM is the minute number (00 to 59), and SS is the second number (00 to 59, except on those very rare occasions where a "leap second" 60 has been introduced as described under day [2]) . Decimal fractions of the second can be added, as in 07:14:23.625. Colons are specified as the separators in the representation (if separators are used at all; HHMMSS is also acceptable). The times called 1:23 am and 1:23 pm in U.S. practice are represented as 01:23 and 13:23, respectively. Midnight can be represented as 00:00 of the new day or as 24:00 of the day ending. For additional information, see ISO's Date and Time Format FAQ . time zone [1] a unit representing the difference in time between a given location and Universal Time .

Under ISO 8601 (see previous entry), the difference is positive if the local time is later than Universal Time and negative if it is earlier; this means that time zones are generally positive in the Eastern Hemisphere and negative in the Western Hemisphere. U.S. Eastern Standard Time is time zone -05, while Pacific Standard Time is time zone -08. For some areas, the difference between local time and Universal Time is not an exact number of hours; these time zones are specified by giving the time difference in hours and minutes. For example, Newfoundland Standard Time is time zone -03:30 or -0330. The time zone is added after a time: for example, 13:23-08 represents 1:23 pm U.S. Pacific Standard Time and is equivalent to 21:23 Universal Time. The same instant is 22:23 in Central European Time, represented by 22:23+01. The traditional acronyms for time zones, such as EST for Eastern Standard Time, may be confusing or meaningless, especially outside their country of origin, so they should not be used in international communications.

Worldtimezone.com and thetimenow.com have up-to-the-moment time and time zone information for the entire world. time zone [2] an informal unit used to express differences in longitude between two places on the Earth. On the average, a time zone spans 15° of longitude. Of course, actual time zones have irregular boundaries, so this is only approximate. At the latitudes of the continental U.S., time zones average about 800 miles wide. tin an informal unit of volume equal to approximately 8 Imperial fluid ounces (227 milliliters, or roughly the same as a U.S. cup ). This is the volume of an English 50-cigarette tin, formerly common as a kitchen unit in North Africa and the Middle East. It is still seen in books of recipes from that area. tithe a traditional unit of proportion equal to 1/10. The word "tithe" is an old one, drawn directly from the Anglo-Saxon word for a tenth. tithing an old English unit of land area equal to 1/10 hundred or 10 hides . Very roughly, the tithing was about 12 acres or a little less than 5 hectares.

TMC ft an abbreviation for "thousand million cubic feet," commonly used in water management in India. One TMC ft is equivalent to about 28.317 million cubic meters or 22 956.8 acre feet . One TMC ft/day is about 11 574 cubic feet per second or 327.74 cubic meters per second. TME a German abbreviation for Technische Mass Einheit (engineering mass unit). One TME is the mass accelerated at 1 m/s2 by a force of 1 kgf . One TME is equal to 9.80665 kilograms or 21.6200 pounds . This unit is sometimes called the metric slug in English, since the slug is defined in a similar way in the English system. The TME is also called the hyl . to a traditional Japanese unit of volume. The to equals 10 sho , which is about 18.039 liters, 3.968 British Imperial gallons , or 4.765 U.S. liquid gallons. tod a traditional unit of weight equal to 2 stone or 1 quarter .

The tod is thus equivalent to 28 pounds or about 12.7 kilograms. "Tod" is an old German word meaning a load. toe a symbol for tonne of oil equivalent, a unit of energy used in the international energy industry. 1 toe represents the energy available from burning approximately one tonne (metric ton) of crude oil; this is defined by the International Energy Agency to be exactly 107 kilocalories, equivalent to approximately 7.4 barrels of oil, 1270 cubic meters of natural gas, or 1.4 tonnes of coal. 1 toe is also equivalent to 41.868 giga joules (GJ), 39.683 million Btu (MM Btu) or dekatherms, or 11.630 mega watt hours (MWh). tog a metric unit used to describe the insulating properties of cloth. If the flow of heat through the cloth is 1 watt per square meter, then the insulating value in togs is 10 times the temperature difference, in Celsius degrees (or kelvins ), between the two sides of the cloth.

This makes the tog equal to exactly 0.1 m2K/W or about 0.645 clo . "Togs," now a slang word in English, is derived from an old Dutch/North German word tuig or tög meaning "the clothes you're wearing." toise a traditional French unit of distance comparable to the British fathom . Like the fathom, the toise originally represented the distance between the fingertips of a man with outstretched arms. Sometimes claimed to have been introduced by Charlemagne in 790, the toise is such an ancient unit that toiser has become a verb meaning "to measure" or "to size up." The toise equals six pieds (French feet). Feet of different lengths were used in France, but based on the 18th century Paris pied the toise equals 6.395 (English) feet or 1.949 meters. This unit was widely used in the 19th century and hasn't died out entirely today. Note that the French have a second fathom-size unit, the brasse , equal to 5 pieds (about 1.624 meters or 5.328 English feet).

The brasse was the unit commonly used at sea, while the toise was used on land. tola a traditional unit of weight in India and South Asia. Like the seer and the maund , the tola varied considerably from one area to another. The official size in British India was 180 grains , which is about 0.4114 ounce (avoirdupois) or 11.664 grams. There are 80 tolas in a seer, 3200 in a maund. tolerance unit a unit of relative distance used by engineers when they put round pegs in round holes. Whenever a shaft passes through a hole, a small distance (the tolerance) must be left so that the shaft will be able to turn. If the diameter of a shaft is D millimeters, one tolerance unit for that shaft is 0.001D + 0.45(cube root of D). The cube root term allows proportionately more tolerance for smaller shafts. The actual tolerance can then be stated as a multiple of the tolerance unit. toman a historic unit of quantity equal to 10 000.

The word is of ancient Persian origin; it survives in several languages of western Asia and is used today in Turkey and Iran. ton (tn or T or t) [1] a traditional unit of weight equal to 20 hundredweight . In the United States and Canada, there are 100 pounds in the hundredweight and exactly 2000 pounds (907.185 kilograms) in the ton. In Britain, there are 112 pounds in the hundredweight and 2240 pounds (1016.047 kilograms) in the ton. To distinguish between the two units, the British ton is called the long ton and the American one is the short ton. In old England, a "tun" was a large cask used to store wine. Because these tuns were of standard size, more or less, the tun came to represent both a volume unit, indicating the capacity of a cask, and also a weight unit, indicating the weight of a cask when it was full. The best symbol to use for this unit is tn. In the U.S.

mining industry, T is used to distinguish the traditional ton from the metric ton, but T is the SI symbol for the tesla. The symbol t, traditionally used for the long or short ton, is now reserved for the metric ton. ton (t) [2] a metric unit of mass, equal to 1000 kilograms, or approximately 2204.623 pounds avoirdupois. This metric ton is a bit smaller than the British long ton. The metric ton is now known officially as the tonne (see below). ton (RT or rT) [3] a unit used traditionally to measure the cargo capacity of a merchant ship. During the Middle Ages, merchant ships were rated by the number of tuns of wine they could carry. Today the merchant marine ton is defined to be exactly 100 cubic feet, or approximately 2.8316 cubic meters. This unit is often called the register ton, since it is recorded in official registers of ships. The symbol RT seems to be in wide use for this unit, but it is also used for the refrigeration ton (definition [7] below).

ton (DT or dT) [4] a unit of volume used traditionally to measure the "displacement" of ships, especially warships. One way to describe the size of a ship is to state the volume of sea water it displaces when it is afloat: in other words, the volume of that part of the ship below the waterline. The actual weight of sea water varies somewhat according to its temperature and how salty it is, but for this purpose it has been agreed that a long ton of sea water occupies about 35 cubic feet. Accordingly the displacement ton is defined to be exactly 35 cubic feet, or approximately 0.9911 cubic meter. Since this is a much smaller unit than the register ton, warships have a much higher "tonnage" than merchant ships of approximately the same dimensions. The symbol DT is recommended for this unit. ton (FT) [5] a traditional unit of volume used for measuring the cargo of a ship, truck, train, or other freight carrier. This freight ton is exactly 40 cubic feet, or approximately 1.13267 cubic meters.

However, the term "freight ton" is also being used to mean a metric ton of freight, volume not specified. Perhaps because of this confusion, the 40 cubic foot unit is often called the measurement ton (MTON). But the confusion seems impossible to dispel; some shippers are now using "measurement ton" to mean a metric ton of freight. To further complicate the situation, the freight ton is also called the U.S. shipping ton; the British shipping ton is 5% larger at 42 cubic feet (1.1893 cubic meters). Yet another name is the cubic ton. ton (tn or T) [6] a unit of energy used for measuring the energy of an explosion, especially a nuclear explosion. In this usage, one ton is supposed to be the amount of energy released by the explosion of one short ton of TNT. This is defined in the U.S. to equal exactly 4.184 gigajoules (GJ) or roughly 4 million Btu . ton (RT) [7] a unit of power used in refrigeration engineering.

One ton of refrigeration is intended to be the power required to freeze one short ton of water at 0°C in 24 hours. This is assumed to be exactly 12 000 Btu per hour (Btu/h or "Btuh"), which is equivalent to 200 Btu/min, 3.516 853 kilowatts , 4.7162 horsepower , or 0.8396 (kilogram) Calorie per second (Cal/s). The symbol RT seems to be in wide use for this unit, but it is also used for the register ton (definition [3] above). ton [8] British slang for 100, especially the sum of 100 pounds (currency), a speed of 100 miles per hour, or a score of 100 in darts or cricket. The origin of this usage is not clear. tønde the Danish word for "barrel," traditionally used as a unit of volume equal to 144 pots or about 139 liters.

The tønde holds 30.6 British Imperial gallons , making it comparable to the barrel Similarly, one of the meanings of the German word Tonne is "barrel." tønde land a traditional Danish unit of land area, originally the area that could be planted with a tønde of seed. The tønde land equals 14 000 square alen , which is about 5516 square meters, 0.5516 hectare , or 1.363 acre . tone another name for the step [2] as a musical unit describing the ratio in frequency between notes. tonelada a traditional weight unit of Spain and Portugal corresponding to the English and metric ton. The traditional Spanish tonelada equals 2000 libras or about 2028 pounds (919.9 kilograms). The Portuguese tonelada, however, equals 1728 Portuguese libras or arratels; this is about 1748.6 pounds or 793.15 kilograms.

tonne (t) a metric unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms or approximately 2204.623 pounds avoirdupois. The SI uses this French spelling for the metric ton (see ton [2] above) to distinguish it clearly from the long and short tons of customary English usage. Large masses are often stated as multiples of the tonne, although technically the SI requires that masses be stated as multiples of the gram. Thus a mass of 103 tonnes = 106 kg = 109 g is often called 1 kilotonne (kt) instead of 1 gigagram. In the United States, the Department of Commerce recommends that the tonne be called the metric ton. tonneau the traditional French ton, equal to 2000 livres or about 979 kilograms (1.079 U.S. ton). The tonneau was also used as a measure of volume equal to 42 cubic pieds (50.84 cubic feet , or about 1440 liters).

In the wine trade, the tonneau was a shipment of 100 cases, or 1200 bottles (about 900 liters of wine). ton of force (tnf or tn) a traditional unit of force, equal to 2000 pounds of force (about 8.8964 kilo newtons ) in the U.S. and 2240 pounds of force (about 9.9640 kilonewtons) in Britain. ton per square inch (tnf/in2 or tsi) a unit of pressure traditionally used in engineering. In the U.S., 1 tsi = 2000 pounds per square inch or about 13.790 megapascals (MPa). In Britain, 1 tsi = 2240 pounds per square inch or about 15.444 megapascals. Torino number an arbitrary scale adopted in 1999 to express the likelihood that an asteroid or comet might collide with the Earth causing damage.

Named for Torino (Turin), Italy, site of a June 1999 conference on near-Earth objects, the scale is intended to convey accurately the appropriate level of concern caused by newly-discovered objects, thus discouraging sensational press reports. The scale ranges from 0 (object certain to miss the Earth or too small to cause significant damage) to 10 (object certain to hit the Earth and large enough to cause catastrophic damage and global climate disruption). An official description of the scale is included. See also Palermo scale . torr (Torr) a non-metric unit of pressure equal to exactly 1/760 atmosphere , about 1.333 22 millibars , 133.322 pascals , or 0.019 337 pound per square inch (psi). The pressure of 1 atmosphere is almost exactly equivalent to the pressure of a column of 760 millimeters of mercury in a mercury barometer. As a result, 1 torr is the same thing as 1 mmHg within 1 part per million. In engineering, the pressures of near-vacuums are often stated in torr.

The unit is named for Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647), the Italian scientist who invented the barometer. tot a unit of volume for liquor. Generally the term is used informally, with no fixed definition. However, in British pubs the usual understanding is that a tot is 1/6 gill ; this is equivalent to 5/6 Imperial fluid ounce or about 23.7 milliliters. tour another name for a shift in the oil industry. The unit is pronounced "tower." A tour, like a shift, is usually 8 hours in length. tovar a traditional weight unit of Bulgaria, equal to 100 oka; this is roughly 280 pounds or 128 kilograms. tower weights the weight system used as the basis for English coinage during the medieval era; it is named for the Tower of London, where the Royal Mint was located. The system was based on the tower pound of 5400 grains (about 0.7714 avoirdupois pounds or 349.91 grams).

The pound was divided into 12 ounces, and each ounce contained 20 pennyweight, making the pound equal to 240 pennyweight. (This structure was later echoed, in a reversed way, by the traditional English monetary system, in which the pound was divided into 20 shillings and each shilling into 12 pence.) In 1527, Henry VIII abolished the tower pound in favor of the slightly larger troy pound (see troy weights, below). township (twp) a traditional unit of area in the U.S. and western Canada. In the U.S. this unit equals 36 sections, or the area of a square nominally 6 miles on a side (about 93.24 square kilometers). Like the section, it is used by the U.S. Public Land Survey System, which applies to most of the country except for the original 13 states, Alaska, and Hawaii. In the four western provinces of Canada, the similar Dominion Lands Survey System used townships made of 36 square sections plus a road allowance between them.

From 1871 to 1881 this allowance was 1.5 chains (99 feet), making the township nominally 6.1125 miles on a side (37.36 square miles or 96.77 square kilometers); it was then reduced to 1 chain with some roads removed, making the townships nominally 6.0375 by 6.075 miles (36.68 square miles or 95.00 square kilometers). In both countries the actual size varied slightly due to the curvature of the Earth. See section . toz a symbol for the troy ounce [2], the traditional unit for weighing precious metals. tpi an abbreviation for "threads per inch," a unit commonly used to describe screws and other items with similar threads. traffic unit (TU) an alternate name for the erlang . tray an informal unit of volume used for berries in U.S. retail produce markets. Berries are typically stocked in corrugated cardboard trays holding six containers of one (dry) quart each, a total volume of about 6.6 liters.

trey an old English word for three, derived from the old French treis (now spelled trois). The word survives as the name for a three-spot showing in dice or a three card in card games. triad a unit of quantity equal to 3. triennial an adjective meaning once every 3 years. Not to be confused with terannual (3 times per year). triennium a traditional unit of time equal to 3 years. trilliard a unit of quantity equal to 1021, which is one sextillion in American terminology or 1000 trillion in traditional British terminology. The name is coined to parallel milliard, which has long been a name for 1000 million. trimester a unit of time equal to 3 months or 1/4 year; another name for the quarter [2]. At certain U.S. colleges a trimester is an academic term roughly 14 weeks long. In reckoning the length of human pregnancies, a trimester is a unit of 14 weeks, with the first trimester beginning on the first day of the last menstrual period. trio a traditional unit of quantity equal to 3. The word is Italian.

It originated in music during the Baroque era (early 1700's) in its meaning as a composition in three parts. triple, triplet a group of 3 items, especially 3 identical items; the word triplet is also used for one member of such a group. Mathematicians prefer triple for an ordered string of three elements. triumvirate a unit of quantity equal to 3. The name comes from the Latin trium virum, "of three men," and was first used to describe the governing alliance of Julius Caesar with Pompey the Great and Marcus Licinius Crassus in 60 BCE. troland (Td) a unit used in photometry to measure the amount of light reaching the retina of the eye. The "retinal illuminance" in trolands is equal to the luminance of the light shining on the eye, measured in candelas per square meter (cd/m2), multiplied by the area of the pupil open to the light, in square millimeters (mm2). This calculation makes the troland technically equal to the micro candela (µcd), a unit of luminous intensity, but retinal illuminance is a physical quantity different from luminous intensity.

The unit is named for the American experimental psychologist Leonard T. Troland (1889-?). troy weights a traditional English weight system of great antiquity, apparently in use since long before the Norman conquest of 1066. The system is believed to be named for the French market town of Troyes, where English merchants traded at least as early as the time of Charlemagne (early ninth century). The system is based on the troy pound [2] of 5760 grains . The pound was divided into 12 ounces (of 480 grains), each containing 20 pennyweight , with each pennyweight equal to 24 grains. Apothecaries, however, divided the troy ounce into 8 drams (of 60 grains), each containing 3 scruples , with each scruple equal to 20 grains. The origin of the troy system is not clear, but a number of scholars believe the dram corresponds to the denarius, a Roman coin that weighed about 60 English grains and (when used as a weight) was also divided into 3 scruples.

The troy system was always the theoretical basis of the traditional English monetary system, in which there were 12 pence (pennies) to the shilling and 20 shillings to the pound. However, in medieval England pennies did not actually weigh a troy pennyweight, because they were made using the tower weight system (see above) and thus weighed 22.5 grains instead of 24. In 1527, Henry VIII abolished the tower pound and made the troy system official for coinage; thereafter silver shillings weighed exactly 0.6 troy ounce. The smaller troy weights continued in common use in pharmacy and monetary affairs into the early twentieth century, but the troy pound was abolished in 1878 to avoid any commercial confusion with the avoirdupois pound. The troy system is nearly obsolete today, but the prices of precious metals are still quoted by the troy ounce. trug a basket having a shallow, boat-like shape. Invented in Sussex, England, trugs come in many sizes; small ones are often used by gardeners to carry cut flowers.

In the U.S., a trug of grain was formerly considered to equal exactly 2/3 U.S. bushel (23.493 liters). truss a traditional weight unit, generally equal to 4 stone or 56 pounds (about 25.4 kilograms). The truss was used primarily for measuring hay. In 1795, Parliament specified that a truss of hay should equal 56 pounds for old hay or 60 pounds (about 27.2 kilograms) for new hay. tsubo an informal unit of area used in Japan to measure area inside buildings. One tsubo is an area of about 3.3 square meters (3.95 square yards), an area that can be covered neatly by two traditional tatami mats. See tatami, above. t'sun see cùn . tu a traditional Chinese unit of distance equal to 250 li . Using the late nineteenth century definition of the li as 2115 feet , the tu was equal to 100.14 miles or 161.13 kilometers.

tub [1] an old English unit of mass or weight for butter, equal to 84 pounds (38.10 kilograms). In Newfoundland, a tub of coal was formerly equal to 100 pounds. tub [2] a wide, low container for liquids, generally not of any standard size. During the Prohibition era in the U.S. (1920-1933) liquor smugglers often carried their cargo in tubs holding 4 gallons (15.14 liters). In this they were following an old English tradition dating back at least to tea smugglers of the eighteenth century, who used similar 4-gallon tubs. There are some cases in which the tub has had a legal definition. In Newfoundland, for example, a tub of herring held 16 Imperial gallons (72.74 liters) and a tub of salt held 18 Imperial gallons (81.83 liters). tumbler another name for the U.S. cup . tumblerful another name for the breakfast cup , a unit of volume used in British food recipes. tun a unit of volume used for wine and other liquids.

"Tun" is an old French word for a large cask used in shipping wine. Tuns of various sizes were used throughout the Middle Ages. More recently the tun has been regarded as equal to 2 butts or 252 U. S. gallons; this is equivalent to 33.6875 cubic feet or about 953.93 liters. See ton [3] and tonneau, above. tunnland a traditional unit of land area in Sweden. The tunnland is equal to 56 000 square Stockholm feet (kvadratfot); this is equivalent to 4936.4 square meters, 0.493 64 hectare , or about 1.220 English acre . The tunnland was divided into 32 kappland . Like the Danish tønde land (see above), this unit originated as the area that could be planted with one tunn (barrel) of seed. -tuple a suffix added to a number by mathematicians to create units of quantity; a 7-tuple, for example, contains 7 objects, listed in a specified order.

The suffix has the same Latin root as -ply, meaning -fold. turbidity unit another name for a revolution , that is, a unit of angle measure equal to 360°. tw symbol for the talangwah (see above), a Thai unit of area equal to 4 square meters. Twaddle scale a specific gravity scale; see degree Twaddle . twain an old word for the number two, derived from the Anglo-Saxon twegen. The American author Samuel Clemens (1835-1910), who had been a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi in his youth, took his literary name from a traditional riverboat phrase "mark twain", meaning "exactly two" fathoms of water. This was the minimum depth needed for the boats to operate safely without running aground. twelfth a unit used in music to describe the ratio in frequency between notes. Two notes differ by a twelfth if the higher note has frequency exactly 3 times the frequency of the lower one.

On the standard 12-tone scale, the perfect twelfth is approximated as 19 half steps , corresponding to a frequency ratio of 219/12 = 2.9966. twelvemonth an old English name for a year. twip a unit of distance used in computer graphics for high-resolution control of the elements of an image. One twip is equal to 1/1440 inch , about 17.639 micrometers, or 0.070 556 kyu . "Twip" is an acronym for "twentieth of a point," which is accurate if the point [2] is interpreted as being exactly 1/72 inch. typp abbreviation for thousand yards per pound, a unit formerly used to describe yarn density. 1 typp equals about 2.015 907 meters per gram, and n typp corresponds to a yarn density of 2.015 907/n tex (see above). How to: Measure a duvet warmth with tog...

| Crane & Canopy | Blog How to: Measure a duvet warmth with tog measurements We’ve talked about different types of duvets and the materials they’re made of but another factor to take into consideration is the tog. Yes, you heard that measurement right…now what the heck is that?! The tog is a measure of thermal resistance of a unit area most commonly used in the textile industry. It originates from the informal word ‘togs’ for clothing which was most likely derived from the word toga. A tog is 0.1 m2K/W which means that the thermal resistance in togs is equal to ten times the temperature difference between the two surfaces of a material, when the flow of heat is equal to one watt per square meter. Confused yet? Basically duvets are measured in togs and each tog measurement refers to how warm your duvet will keep you. A duvet works by trapping heat from the body, cocooning your body for warmth and comfort throughout the night. The tog rating describes how well the duvet will retain heat. A lightweight summer duvet is 3.0-4.5 tog.

This is ideal for warmer climates and will help wick moisture away from the body and retain enough heat to keep you the perfect temperature. A spring or autumn weight is 7.0-10.5 tog. This will have enough warmth to keep you comfortable without being too warm. A winter weight duvet is 12.0-13.5 tog. This is exceptionally well at retaining body heat. An all seasons duvet is a 15.5 tog (4.5+9) and consists of two separate duvets. The two duvets, 4.5 and 9.0, combine intelligently to for a 13.5 tog which is suitable for winter temperatures and effectively provides a year round solution. Tags Frequently Asked Questions | Southdown Duvets Frequently asked questions Q: How does a Southdown duvet differ from other wool duvets? There are a number of perfectly acceptable wool duvets on the market and they all will give you the benefit of wool’s astonishing physical properties.

The other duvets are usually made from Merino or Texel wool, the fibres of which have different structures to Southdown – they are less dense, have longer staples lengths and result in a less soft, cloud-like bouncy comfortable and heavier product. Some people prefer a “flatter, less dense” duvet – its all about personal choice. Q: These duvets are the most expensive wool duvets available. Why and are they worth the investment? Our Southdown duvets are top of the range for a number of reasons. Firstly Southdown is the ideal wool for bedding offering a lighter fluffier but warm duvet. Secondly our duvets are manufactured to the highest standard. In the first instance, the wool is expertly washed to remove all traces of lanolin which means our duvets do not smell sheepy. Then the wool is carefully carded and the duvets hand finished for a truly luxury end result. And finally and possibly most importantly, we offer the most flexible exchange or refund policy. If, for whatever reason your purchase is not 100% ideal, we will sort it out for you – no questions asked. Need something different?

With pleasure - just call us up and we will make the arrangements. So a personal customer service comes with your purchase. But in terms of your investment, consider wool compared to other duvets fills and compared our price relative to a high quality down duvet. Unfortunately down/feather duvets will deteriorate over time and the feathers break down into a protein dust. Over the years, this dust builds up and reduces the performance of the duvet, causing hot and cold spots. But more seriously, the dust can cause severe allergic reactions and breathing difficulties especially for asthma suffers. Further the protein dust can attract dust mites into your down duvet and they can cause sinus problems and eye infections. So within a matter of a few years you will have to replace your expensive down duvet. You will have none of these problems under wool. Buy a Southdown duvet and you will have decades of comfortable luxury use. Q: Will the Southdown duvet be warm enough in winter? If so, will it not be too warm in summer? Wool is nature’s insulator and buffer against temperatures variations. In colder times of the year, it is a very effective insulator, keeping you warm.

In summer, you will not over heat under the duvet and the wool fill will “breathe” wicking moisture away from your body, preventing disturbed sleep caused by sweating. When you first meet a Southdown duvet, you may think that it is too light and thin to do the job properly. But sleep under one and you will appreciate its remarkable thermal qualities. Q: How come the Southdown duvets needs dry-cleaning when internet research shows that there are machine washable wool duvets on the market? Without chemical treatment, all wool will felt if it is washed. To render an item of wool machine washable, the wool is treated either with chlorine or coated with a silicon resin. This in our opinion alters the wool, stripping it of its naturalness of wool and greatly reduces the purity of the final product. We have taken a decision to keep our Southdown duvets as nature intended – pure wool in pure cotton covers with as little chemical intervention as possible and this means dry clean only. Q: How often will I need to dry clean my Southdown duvet? In the absence of any serious spills or accidents, the duvet is protected in your duvet cover.

Air your duvet once a week when you change your bed linen and you will find that your Southdown duvet remains fresh. Remember that the moisture that the wool absorbs from your body just evaporates away and therefore your duvet will remain and clean. But if there is an accident (cats and puppies seem to be the main culprits) we offer the following advice. Dry clean only with JOHNSONS and insist on their GREEN EARTH process. We have done a lot of work with Johnsons testing how our products respond to their dry cleaning and we are satisfied with the result. There are 146 branches of Johnsons throughout the UK. All will send the duvet to their head office for treatment. So you will have to wait about 2 weeks to get your duvet back and when you do, lay it flat on a spare bed for a couple of days to allow the dry clean smell to dissipate. If you have one of our pillows, the outer cover can be unzipped and the wool pocket removed. The wool will need dry cleaning up the outer cover can be machine washed at 30 degrees. We also sell spare cotton outer covers so speed up linen change over.

Q: If the Southdown duvet is made from British wool, how come they are manufactured in Italy? When we researched the whole Southdown duvet project, we had lengthy discussions with the British Wool Marketing Board, folk who know a lot about wool. Their advice was clear – the Italians have the expertise and experience to treat superior quality wool to its highest specification. They have doing this in the foothills of the Alps for generations, building up their experience and optimising on the freshest cleanest Alpine mountain waters which are best for washing our Southdown wool. Q: How is the wool sewn into the Southdown duvets? The scoured and carded wool which looks like a thick layer of butter-coloured cottonwool is sewed into the cotton cover in one huge piece that spans the entire length and width of the duvet. Channels about 8-10 inches are then sewn down and across the cotton cover anchoring the wool in snug squares. So there can be no bunching of filling like feathers and no hot and cold spots in your duvet, just an even layer of soft bouncy comfort. Q: How can these duvets benefit asthma sufferers?

Feather, down and synthetic duvet fillings over time begin to breakdown and disintegrate. This generates dust which aggravate all kinds of breathing allergies and conditions as well as encouraging the presence of dust mites. Wool does not disintegrate like this and therefore does not generate dust. Q: What happens if a Southdown duvet does not suit me? Let us know and we will arrange to have it collected from you and will refund you in full (less postage). That is how confident we are that you will not be disappointed if you buy a Southdown duvet. Also if you need to swap your duvet for another tog weight – with pleasure, no problem. Has anyone ever returned a Southdown duvet because they were disappointed? Yes but very rarely. Everyone is different and what they need out of their bedding to get a good night’s sleep is as varied as our customer’s personalities. One gentleman said our duvets were too light but he had been brought up under UK boarding school horse hair blankets during the war. He admitted he needed to sleep under a bag of coal! Another said our duvets were too heavy but he was used to Siberian goose down.

One lady loved the duvet but said she needed a squashy pillow and ours were too bouncy. We understand and celebrate our collective differences and are happy to accommodate our customers. But one thing is for certain: no one has ever returned a Southdown bedding product because of sub-standard quality of materials or manufacturing or poor service. So you can feel confident when you order from us, we will honour our return policy. So you have nothing to lose and everything to gain by coming to us for a potential remedy for your sleep issues. There is such a huge array of different duvets out there, what should I be looking out for to ensure I get the one that is best for me? Buying a duvet is very much an example of you will get what you pay for. After all your research we hope that you will buy a Southdown duvet. But if you elect not to, at least do yourself a favour and spend the absolute maximum you can afford because anything else over time will prove false economy. A poor quality duvet could result in disturbed sleep and nightly discomfort which will impact on your wellbeing. What price can you put on a really good night’s sleep?

But here are some other pointers: Before buying a wool duvet, contact the supplier and ask for a swatch sample of the filling. Then decide for yourself if the wool looks and smells clean enough for bedding. If you settle for a cheap synthetic duvet on the basis of “oh that will do”, think again because your long term health and wellbeing, linked to the quality of your sleep, is at stake. You will sweat under a synthetic duvet and it probably will not keep you warm enough in winter. Like feathers and down it may cause allergies, blocked sinuses and result in a stuffy nose and difficult breathing. Watch out for feather/down ratios: we have seen apparently good value “down” duvets which actually contain more feathers than down. Feathers are inferior insulators and their little quills often poke through the covers, causing much annoyance. Check carefully how the fill in sewn into the cotton cover. Make sure it is channelled in squares that keep the filling from bunching at the bottom of the duvet, causing unpleasant hot and cold spots. Be aware that the tog rating measures warmth but NOT necessarily comfort. A very high tog duvet for example can be warm but also very heavy and may cause night sweats.

Think twice before buying a duvet that has a polyester or cotton/polyester mix cover. Pure cotton only for real comfort.

Question: Commonly used in the textile industry, which unit of thermal resistance is used to measure the thickness of duvets?
Answer: Tog