Royal Military Academy Sandhurst | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Cap Badge of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Country 1802 (as Royal Military College) – Present Role Ten companies (subject to review) Part of Army Recruiting and Training Division Motto HM The Queen Major General Stuart Skeates CBE Insignia Royal Military Academy Sandhurst New Colours are presented to RMAS, June 2005. HRH Prince Harry of Wales (at attention, to left of horse) is on parade. New College buildings of Royal Military Academy Sandhurst The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS), commonly known simply as Sandhurst, is the British Army officer initial training centre located adjacent to the village of Sandhurst, Berkshire , about 55 kilometres (34 mi) southwest of London. The Academy's stated aim is to be "the national centre of excellence for leadership." All British Army officers, including late entry officers who were previously Warrant Officers , as well as many from elsewhere in the world, are trained at Sandhurst. The Academy is the British Army equivalent of the Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth , Royal Air Force College Cranwell and the Commando Training Centre Royal Marines .

Contents Edit Sandhurst straddles the counties of Berkshire and Surrey; the county border marked by a small stream known as the Wish Stream, after which the Academy journal is named. Primarily, the Academy is situated in College Town, a suburb of Sandhurst, and partly in the outer region of Camberley town. The nearest railway station is Blackwater, Hampshire . History Royal Military College cricket grounds, Sandhurst, ca. 1895 Old College Royal Military Academy Sandhurst UK The roots of the present Royal Military Academy Sandhurst lie in two separate institutions. Firstly a Military Academy was established at Woolwich (a district now absorbed into south-east London) in 1720 to train cadets for commissions in the Royal Artillery , moving to a permanent location at Woolwich Common in 1806 and being granted Royal status in 1841, subsequently known as the "Shop". In 1806, the Royal Military Academy also took on the training of Royal Engineers officer cadets and, later, Royal Signals cadets.

Secondly, in 1799, a school for staff officers was established at High Wycombe and in 1801 it became the Senior Department of the Royal Military College (RMC). [1] The concept of the Royal Military College was the brainchild of John Le Marchant . [2] He opened the Junior Department of the College at West Street in Marlow [3] in 1802 [4] to train "Gentleman Cadets" for the infantry, cavalry and Indian Army . [1] (Coincidentally, this was the same year as both Saint-Cyr [5] and West Point were founded. [6] ) The Junior Department moved from Marlow in 1813, into the present buildings designed by James Wyatt at Sandhurst. [7] A few years later, the Junior Department was joined at Sandhurst from High Wycombe by the Senior Department, which in 1858 became a separate institution, the Staff College .

[1] On the outbreak of the Second World War, Sandhurst became the home of 161 Infantry Officer Cadet Training Unit (RMC), which moved to Mons Barracks, Aldershot in 1942; for the rest of the war Sandhurst was used as a Royal Armoured Corps Officer Cadet Training Unit (OCTU). [8] The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst was formed in 1947 on the site of the former Royal Military College at Sandhurst from a merger between the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich (which trained officers for the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers from 1741 to 1939) and the Royal Military College (1802 to 1939). [9] Following the ending of National Service in the UK and the closing of the Mons Officer Cadet School in Aldershot (which had trained Short Service Commissioned Officers) in 1972, the RMAS became the sole establishment for male initial officer training in the British Army.

[10] In 1984, the Women's Officer Training College Bagshot moved to Sandhurst and in 1992 a new Commissioning Course finally unified the training of male, female and foreign cadets. [1] The Wellington Room after Arthur Wellesley showing a depiction of Waterloo and his bust - RMAS Collection Marlborough Room showing tryptych on leather of the Battle of Blenheim by Horensburg RMAS Collection The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Collection shows the history of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, The Royal Military College and the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. The collection includes the Royal Military Academy's Gentlemen Cadet registers, historic archive, uniforms, paintings, photographs and other artefacts. [11] For the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, the Academy hosted the running part of the modern pentathlon competition. [12] Training at Sandhurst was the subject of a three part television series, first broadcast by the BBC in October, 2011 (rebroadcast in April 2012). In February, 2013, Sandhurst accepted a donation of £3,000,000 from Bahrain.

In return, the Mons Hall, which had been named in honour of the heroes [13] who fell in the Battle of Mons , was renamed the King Hamad Hall, in honour of the King of Bahrain . [14] Selection Edit Potential officers are identified by the Army Officer Selection Board (formerly the Regular Commissions Board, or RCB) situated in Westbury in Wiltshire. [15] Nearly 10 percent of British cadets are female and nearly 10 percent of all cadets come from overseas. More than eighty percent of entrants are university graduates although it is not required. [16] Some officer cadets are serving soldiers. Technically, all cadets have the rank of private . Courses Edit Sandhurst develops leadership in cadets by expanding their character, intellect and professional competences to a level demanded of an Army Officer on first appointment through military training and education. [17] The course is accredited by various academic and professional institutions. [17] The Commissioning Course lasts 44 weeks and must be successfully completed by all British regular army officers (with some exceptions) before they receive their commission.

It is usually followed by further training courses specific to the Regiment or Corps in which the officer will serve. There are two shorter commissioning courses. One is for professionally qualified officers (e.g., doctors, dentists, nurses, lawyers, pharmacists , vets and chaplains ). [18] The second short course is Module 4 of the Territorial Army (TA) Commissioning Course (TACC), which lasts three weeks. The TACC consists of four training modules; the first three are conducted under the supervision of RMAS at TA Regional Training Centres , with Module 4 of the Officers' training and assessment being conducted at Sandhurst. This training typically takes 2 years to complete. Upon completion, Officer Cadets become Second Lieutenants in the TA or Officer Training Corps (OTC). [19] Each year, approximately 140 candidates undertake each of these two short courses. [1] Sandhurst also runs a variety of other courses for officers including the Late Entry Officer Course (LEOC). [20] RMAS has a renowned academic faculty staffed by civilian researchers with expertise in Communication and Applied Behavioural Science, Defence and International Affairs and War Studies.

[21] Unlike some other national military academies such as West Point in the United States , Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr in France and the Pakistan Military Academy in Pakistan Sandhurst is not a university. [22] Organization Edit In overall command of the RMAS is the Commandant of the Academy , usually an officer of Major General rank. The senior warrant officer, the Academy Sergeant Major (AcSM), is one of the most senior warrant officers in the British Army. The commissioning course is split up into three terms, each lasting fourteen weeks (referred to as the Junior, Intermediate and Senior Divisions, identified by differently coloured lanyards ). Basic army training is covered in the first five weeks which, by reputation, are the most gruelling (cadets' families are encouraged to support the cadets' morale by maintaining home contacts). The main RMAS Commissioning Courses start in January, May and September of each year. Each intake numbers approximately 200 cadets, each of whom is assigned to a platoon within one of two companies .

Platoons are commanded by captains , with a colour sergeant who takes the main burden of day-to-day training, especially during the first term (unlike West Point, RMAS entrusts the majority of officer training to Senior Non-Commissioned Officers ). There can be as many as ten companies within the RMAS at any one time, each commanded by a Major and named after a famous battle or campaign in which the British Army has fought. The company names change from year to year, and are drawn from the following: Inkerman Company Dettingen Company — the Short Courses mentioned above (for Territorial Army and Professionally Qualified Officers) are operated sequentially, and are each known as "Dettingen Company". Dettingen Company is divided along the same lines as the regular intakes, though smaller courses may consist of only two platoons. There is also a "rehabilitation" platoon — Lucknow Platoon. It looks after cadets who are injured during training, with a view to preparing them to re-enter the commissioning course or processing those who are medically discharged.

Cadets who fail to meet the required standard, or who have been injured, may be "back-termed", that is, "asked" to repeat the previous term and joining a later intake, or to repeat the whole course. Cadets nominate two regiments or corps that they seek to join, although in practice this may be influenced by their instructors, if particular strengths or weaknesses or aptitudes are seen to be important. In the middle term, interviews are held and final selections are made by the recruiting regiments and corps; there is competition for strong cadets by the units and, conversely, by cadets for prestigious or specialised units. Exceptionally, some cadets may have confirmed places in regiments before the formal selections or even before starting at Sandhurst. Regular Army Edit Open Day at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst A small number of regular army units are based at the RMAS to provide support for the colleges and their training: Gurkha Demonstration Company (Sittang): this is a company-sized unit drawn from all units of the Brigade of Gurkhas , to provide an opposing force in battle training for the cadets.

44 Support Squadron, Royal Logistic Corps : this is the RMAS's permanently based transport, logistic and signals support unit. Until 1984, the RMAS had its own band - The RMAS Band Corps, [23] the smallest corps in the British Army. Music is now provided by a variety of Corps of Army Music bands on rotation. Sovereign's Parade File:Oldcollegesandhurst2.jpg The first Sovereign's Parade was performed on 14 July 1948, in front of King George VI . Three Sovereign's Parades are held each year outside the Old College to mark the "passing-out" and the final parade at Sandhurst of the Senior Division. All cadets, except for those who have been back-termed through injury or other reasons, are inspected by the Sovereign (or her representative), participate in the Trooping the Colour and parade past the Sovereign (or her representative) and guests. Guests consist of invited dignitaries and friends and families of the graduating cadets. [1] During Trooping the Colour, the Colour is escorted by the Sovereign's Platoon, which has been selected on merit from the Senior Division.

The Sovereign's Platoon wears multi-coloured lanyards, using the colours of all three Divisions. At the end of the Parade, the Colours and the Senior Division leave the parade ground via the Grand Steps of the Old College building. They are followed by the College Adjutant, on horseback (the origins of this tradition are unclear). [1] Awards Edit Each Commissioning Course has awards granted to outstanding cadets. [24] The following awards are presented during the Sovereign's Parade. Others are merely listed in the Parade programme. A system of Cadet Government also recognises merit by the appointment of Senior Under Officers, Junior Under Officers, Cadet Sergeants and Cadet Corporals. [1] Sword of Honour Edit The Sword of Honour is awarded to the British Army Officer Cadet considered by the Commandant to be, overall, the best of the course. The swords were formerly made by Wilkinson Sword but after the closure of their sword making division they are now presented by Pooley Sword who also present swords for the Royal Marines and Royal Air Force. During WWII, when abbreviated courses were run to increase the supply of new officers, a Belt of Honour was awarded instead.

Queen's Medal The Queen's Medal is awarded to the British Army Officer Cadet who achieved the highest scores in military, practical and academic studies. Royal Memorial Chapel south aspect Royal Military Academy Sandhurst UK Overseas Sword Edit The Overseas Sword is awarded to one of the many cadets sent by foreign armies. The Overseas Sword goes to the Overseas Cadet considered by the Commandant to be the best of the course. It was previously known as the Overseas Cane. Duke of Westminster's Sword The Duke of Westminster's Sword is awarded to the officer cadet considered by the Commandant to be, overall, the best of the TA Commissioning Course. This sword is also donated by Pooley Sword . Alumni Edit There are two Chapels within the Academy, The Roman Catholic Chapel (Christ the King) and The Royal Memorial Chapel, dedicated as Christ Church, which also contains the South Africa Chapel, which was originally the sanctuary of the second Chapel before the it was enlarged. The original chapel was what is now known as the Indian Army Memorial Room. The Royal Engineers designed the original Chapel, which features red brick, terracotta moulding, interlocking pediment copies and corbels in 1879.

The Chapel was dedicated by King George VI on 2 May 1937, after architect Captain Arthur C. Martin enlarged the building in a Byzantine style . The Memorial stained glass and Windows in the chapel honour the Brigade of Guards ; Rifle Brigade ; Royal Fusiliers , Hampshire Regiment etc. Some memorials, including one honouring alumni of the US Military Academy at West Point , are carved into the black marble flooring. [25] On panels devoted to the particular campaigns in which they lost their lives, are the names of ex-cadets killed in action. At intervals above the panels are circular tablets to the memory of College Governors. The names of ex-cadets who have died on active service in the field, or elsewhere are listed in the spaces between the panels. Other tablets on the walls of the porch of the Church were moved there from the old Chapel. At the nave near the chancel steps, old Regimental colours hang from the pillars.

[26] Chapel, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 1900 Interior of Chapel, Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst 1900 Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Explained Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Explained Unit Name: 1947 to present (forerunner on site dates to 1812) Country: Army Recruiting and Training Division Type: Colonel Of The Regiment Label: Commandant Colors Label: Colours The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS), commonly known simply as Sandhurst, is the British Army 's initial officer training centre and is located in the town of Camberley , near the village of Sandhurst , Berkshire , about southwest of London . The Academy's stated aim is to be "the national centre of excellence for leadership." All British Army officers, including late-entry officers who were previously Warrant Officer s, as well as other men and women from overseas, are trained at Sandhurst. The Academy is the British Army equivalent of the Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth , Royal Air Force College Cranwell , and the Commando Training Centre Royal Marines .

Location Despite its name, The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst is located in Camberley ; the boundaries of the academy straddle the counties of Berkshire and Surrey . The county border is marked by a small stream known as the Wish Stream, after which the Academy journal is named. The main entrance is located on the west of the Academy, leading to Camberley town centre. The nearest railway station is Camberley . History The present Royal Military Academy Sandhurst was founded in 1947 with the merger of two institutions: the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst . The first Military Academy had been established in 1720 at Woolwich , a town later absorbed into south-east London, to train cadets for commissions in the Royal Artillery . Known as the "Shop", this academy moved to a permanent site at Woolwich Common in 1806 and was granted royal status in 1841. In 1806, the Military Academy took on the training of Royal Engineers officer cadets and, later, Royal Signals cadets.

In 1799, a school for staff officers was established at High Wycombe , and in 1801 this became the Senior Department of the newly established Royal Military College (RMC), [1] the brainchild of Colonel John Le Marchant . [2] He opened the Junior Department of the College at a large house in West Street in Great Marlow [3] in 1802 [4] to train "Gentleman Cadets" for the infantry and cavalry regiments of the British Army and of the Presidency armies of British India . [1] Coincidentally, 1802 was also the year of foundation of Saint-Cyr in France [5] and of West Point in the United States. [6] In 1812 the Junior Department of the Royal Military College moved from Great Marlow into buildings designed by James Wyatt at Sandhurst. [7] A few years later, the Junior Department was joined at Sandhurst from High Wycombe by the Senior Department, which in 1858 became a separate institution, the Staff College .

[1] On the outbreak of the Second World War, Sandhurst became the home of 161 Infantry Officer Cadet Training Unit (RMC), which moved to Mons Barracks, Aldershot in 1942; for the rest of the war Sandhurst was used as a Royal Armoured Corps Officer Cadet Training Unit (OCTU). [8] The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst was formed in 1947 on the site of the former Royal Military College from a merger between it and the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich , which trained officers for the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers from 1741 to 1939. [9] Following the ending of National Service in the UK and the closing of the Mons Officer Cadet School in Aldershot (which had trained Short Service Commissioned Officers) in 1972, the RMAS became the sole establishment for male initial officer training in the British Army. [10] In 1984, the Women's Officer Training College Bagshot moved to Sandhurst. In 1992 a new Commissioning Course finally unified the training of male, female and foreign cadets.

[1] The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Collection illustrates the history of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. The collection includes the Gentlemen Cadet registers, historic archives, uniforms, paintings, photographs, and other artefacts. [11] For the 1948 Summer Olympics in London , the newly created Academy hosted the running leg of the modern pentathlon competition. [12] Contemporary training at Sandhurst was the subject of a three-part television series, first broadcast by BBC television in October 2011, and rebroadcast in April 2012. In 2012 Sandhurst accepted a £15 million donation from the government of United Arab Emirates for the Zayed Building, an accommodation block, named after the UAE's founding ruler . [13] In 2013 Sandhurst accepted a donation of £3 million from the government of Bahrain for the refurbishment of Mons Hall, named in honour of the men who fell in the Battle of Mons . It was renamed as King Hamad Hall in honour of the King of Bahrain , which generated some controversy in the United Kingdom.

[13] [14] In 2015 Sandhurst appointed Lucy Giles as the first female college commander in its history. [15] Selection Potential officers are identified by the Army Officer Selection Board (formerly the Regular Commissions Board, or RCB) situated in Westbury in Wiltshire . [16] Nearly 10 percent of British cadets are female and nearly 10 percent of all cadets come from overseas. More than eighty percent of entrants are university graduates although a degree is not required for admission. [17] Courses Sandhurst develops leadership in cadets by expanding their character, intellect and professional competences to a level demanded of an Army Officer on first appointment through military training and education. [18] The course is accredited by various academic and professional institutions. [18] The Commissioning Course lasts 44 weeks and must be successfully completed by all British regular army officers (with some exceptions) before they receive their commission. It is usually followed by further training courses specific to the Regiment or Corps in which the officer will serve. There are two shorter commissioning courses.

One is for professionally qualified officers (e.g., doctors , dentist s, nurse s, lawyer s, pharmacist s, veterinarian s and chaplain s). [19] The second short course is the Army Reserve (AR) Commissioning Course (ARCC), which lasts eight weeks. The ARCC consists of four training modules; the first two, Modules A and B can be completed under the supervision of RMAS with University Officer Training Corps over a number of weekends, or at RMAS where each module lasts 2 weeks. The final two modules, module C and D of the Officers' training and assessment must be conducted at Sandhurst. This training can all be completed in an 8-week period at RMAS, or over a number of years. Upon completion, Officer Cadets become Second Lieutenant s in the AR or Officer Training Corps (OTC). [20] Each year, approximately 140 candidates undertake each of these two short courses. [1] Both courses are accommodated and primarily conducted at Victory College, RMAS. Sandhurst also runs a variety of other courses for officers including the Late Entry Officer Course (LEOC).

[21] RMAS has an academic faculty staffed by civilian researchers with expertise in Communication and Applied Behavioural Science, Defence and International Affairs and War Studies. [22] Unlike some other national military academies such as West Point in the United States , Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr in France and the Pakistan Military Academy in Pakistan , Sandhurst is not a university. It only works with the Open University to award the Regular Commissioning Course 120 credit points towards a distance learning Honours Degree in International Studies with ultimately requires 360 points. graduate entrants can gain a Postgraduate Certificate in Leadership and Conflict Studies from the Regular Commissioning Course and then embark on a pathway post-commissioning to complete a full master's degree from a university through further electives and a dissertation. [23] Organisation In overall command of the RMAS is the Commandant of the Academy , usually an officer of Major General rank. The senior warrant officer, the Academy Sergeant Major (AcSM), is one of the most senior warrant officers in the British Army.

The commissioning course is split up into three terms, each lasting fourteen weeks (referred to as the Junior, Intermediate and Senior Divisions, identified by differently coloured lanyards ). Basic army training is covered in the first five weeks, which, by reputation, are the most gruelling (cadets' families are encouraged to support the cadets' morale by maintaining home contacts). The main RMAS Commissioning Courses start in January, May and September of each year. Each intake numbers approximately 200 cadets, each of whom is assigned to a platoon within one of two companies . Platoons are commanded by captain s, with a colour sergeant who takes the main burden of day-to-day training, especially during the first term (unlike West Point, RMAS entrusts the majority of officer training to Senior Non-Commissioned Officers ). There can be as many as ten companies within the RMAS at any one time, each commanded by a Major and named after a famous battle or campaign in which the British Army has fought.

The company names change from year to year, and are drawn from the following: Inkerman Company Borneo Company — The newest Company, which formed up for the first time to begin Commissioning Course 153. Gallipoli Company — Gallipoli Company, the only Company named after a British defeat, formed up for the first time to begin the newly revised Commissioning Course 151. Dettingen Company — the Short Courses mentioned above (for Army Reserve and Professionally Qualified Officers) are operated sequentially, and are each known as "Dettingen Company". Dettingen Company is divided along the same lines as the regular intakes, though smaller courses may consist of only two platoons. There is also a "rehabilitation" platoon — Lucknow Platoon. It looks after cadets who are injured during training, with a view to preparing them to re-enter the commissioning course at the point they left, or processing those who are medically discharged. Cadets who fail to meet the required standard may be "back-termed", that is, "asked" to repeat the previous term and joining a later intake, or to repeat the whole course.

Cadets nominate two regiments or corps that they seek to join, although in practice this may be influenced by their instructors, if particular strengths or weaknesses or aptitudes are seen to be important. In the middle term, interviews are held and final selections are made by the recruiting regiments and corps; there is competition for strong cadets by the units and, conversely, by cadets for prestigious or specialised units. Exceptionally, some cadets may have confirmed places in regiments before the formal selections or even before starting at Sandhurst. Regular Army A small number of regular army units are based at the RMAS to provide support for the colleges and their training: Gurkha Demonstration Company (Sittang): this is a company-sized unit drawn from all units of the Brigade of Gurkhas , to provide an opposing force in battle training for the cadets. 44 Support Squadron, Royal Logistic Corps : this is the RMAS's permanently based transport, logistic and signals support unit. Until 1984, the RMAS had its own band—The RMAS Band Corps, [24] the smallest corps in the British Army. Music is now provided by a variety of Corps of Army Music bands on rotation.

Sovereign's Parade The first Sovereign's Parade was performed on 14 July 1948, in front of King George VI . Three Sovereign's Parades are held each year outside the Old College to mark the "passing-out" and the final parade at Sandhurst of the Senior Division. All cadets, except for those who have been back-termed through injury or other reasons, are inspected by the Sovereign (or her representative), participate in the Trooping the Colour and parade past the Sovereign (or her representative) and guests. Guests consist of invited dignitaries and friends and families of the graduating cadets. [1] During Trooping the Colour, the Colour is escorted by the Sovereign's Platoon, which has been selected on merit from the Senior Division. The Sovereign's Platoon wears multi-coloured lanyards, using the colours of all three Divisions. At the end of the Parade, the Colours and the Senior Division leave the parade ground via the Grand Steps of the Old College building. They are followed by the College Adjutant, on horseback (the origins of this tradition are unclear). [1] Awards Each Commissioning Course has awards granted to outstanding cadets.

[25] The following awards are presented during the Sovereign's Parade. Others are merely listed in the Parade programme. A system of Cadet Government also recognises merit by the appointment of Senior Under Officers, Junior Under Officers, Cadet Sergeants and Cadet Corporals. [1] Sword of Honour The Sword of Honour is awarded to the British Army Officer Cadet considered by the Commandant to be, overall, the best of the course. The swords were formerly made by Wilkinson Sword but after the closure of their sword making division they are now presented by Pooley Sword who also present swords for the Royal Marines and Royal Air Force. During the Second World War, when abbreviated courses were run to increase the supply of new officers, a Belt of Honour was awarded instead. Queen's Medal The Queen's Medal is awarded to the British Army Officer Cadet who achieved the highest scores in military, practical and academic studies. Overseas Sword The Overseas Sword is awarded to one of the many cadets from other Commonwealth countries and from foreign armies. The Overseas Sword goes to the Overseas Cadet considered by the Commandant to be the best on each course. The award was previously known as the Overseas Cane.

Overseas Award The Overseas Award is the equivalent of the Queen's Medal for Overseas Cadets and is awarded to the Overseas Officer Cadet who achieved the best overall results in military, academic and practical studies. Duke of Westminster's Sword The Duke of Westminster 's Sword is awarded to the officer cadet considered by the Commandant to be, overall, the best of the Army Reserve Commissioning Course. This sword is also donated by Pooley Sword . Alumni For more information, see List of alumni of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and the category: Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Chapel There are two Chapels within the Academy, The Roman Catholic Chapel (Christ the King) and The Royal Memorial Chapel, dedicated as Christ Church, which also contains the South Africa Chapel, which was originally the sanctuary of the second Chapel before the it was enlarged. The original chapel was what is now known as the Indian Army Memorial Room. The Royal Engineers designed the original Chapel, which features red brick, terracotta moulding, interlocking pediment copies and corbel s in 1879. The Chapel was dedicated by King George VI on 2 May 1937, after architect Captain Arthur C.

Martin enlarged the building in a Byzantine style . The Memorial stained glass and Windows in the chapel honour the Brigade of Guards , Rifle Brigade , Royal Fusiliers , and the Hampshire Regiment , among other units. Some memorials, including one honouring alumni of the US Military Academy at West Point , are carved into the black marble flooring. [26] On panels devoted to the particular campaigns in which they lost their lives, are the names of former cadets killed in action. At intervals above the panels are circular tablets to the memory of College Governors. The names of former cadets who have died on active service in the field, or elsewhere are listed in the spaces between the panels. Other tablets on the walls of the porch of the Church were moved there from the old Chapel. At the nave near the chancel steps, old Regimental colours hang from the pillars.

[27] See also Sandhurst Competition Lineage |- style="text-align: center; background: #ADD8E6;"| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|Lineage|-| rowspan="5" style="width:25%; text-align:center;"| Royal Military Academy Sandhurst| rowspan="2" style="width:25%; text-align:center;"| Royal Military Academy| style="width:25%; text-align:center;"| Royal Military Academy |-| style="width:25%; text-align:center;"| East India Company Military Seminary |-| colspan="2" style="width:25%; text-align:center;"| Royal Military College, Sandhurst |-| colspan="2" style="width:25%; text-align:center;"| Mons Officer Cadet School |-| colspan="2" style="width:25%; text-align:center;"| Women's Royal Army Corps College References Bibliography Mockler-Ferryman, A. F. Annals of Sandhurst: A Chronicle of the Royal Military College From Its Foundation to the Present. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing, 2007 (reprint; original 1900).

ISBN 1-4326-6558-8. Thomas, Hugh, 1931- The story of Sandhurst London, Hutchinson 1961 Christchurch the Chapel of The Royal Military College: Enlarged and Beautified to the Glory of God and in memory of The Sandhurst Cadets who have died in the service of their country Gale & Polden Ltd, Aldershot, 1937. Goodley, Heloise An Officer and a Gentlewoman Constable and Robinson, London, 2012 External links Woolwich - Hidden London Woolwich, Greenwich A historic naval and military town, now much altered, situated three miles east of Greenwich A community has existed by the Thames at Woolwich (pronounced ‘woolitch’ or ‘woolidge’) since at least the Iron Age, and the Romans built a fort here. The Old English place name probably means ‘ trading place for wool ’, but no evidence has been found of a wool market. In 1513 Henry VIII founded a dockyard here to build the royal ship Henri Grace à Dieu, popularly known as the ‘Great Harry’.

Subsequent naval expansion brought a rope yard, ordnance storage and a gun battery to the waterfront, which at that time may have lain as much as 200 feet south of the present shoreline. Elizabeth I came to Woolwich in 1559 to mark the launch of her ship Elizabeth Jonas. In 1695 the Royal Laboratory was estab­lished next to Tower Place, manufac­turing explosives, fuses and shot. It was built on a site known as Woolwich Warren, which was named for its large rabbit population. A burst of activity from 1716 to 1720 saw the formation of the Royal Regiment of Artillery and the construction of its first barracks – as well as of a brass foundry, a new mansion house and the ‘great pile’ of buildings at Dial Square, which was probably the work of Nicholas Hawksmoor. The Royal Military Academy was founded at Woolwich in 1741. From 1776 redundant naval vessels were moored offshore to accom­modate prisoners who would otherwise have been sent to the American colonies, then in rebellion against the Crown.

Convict labour was used to build new wharves and to dredge silt from the river. Woolwich Common – which formerly covered a much wider area extending into Charlton – was gradually encroached upon for the construction of army quarters. At the height of Britain’s empire-​​building much of the British Army used to camp on the common until called forward to the Royal Arsenal to collect stores and ammunition before embarking on ships moored in the Thames. Between 1776 and 1802 new barracks were built on Woolwich Common for the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Published in October 2012, The Survey of London’s history of the built envir­onment of Woolwich is fabulously compre­hensive – but very pricey In 1805 the Royal Arsenal was officially estab­lished and no expense was spared in making this the world’s foremost munitions works. The Royal Military Academy moved to the east side of Woolwich Common in 1808. The academy taught every branch of military science, as well as French and Latin, writing, fencing and drawing.

Among the magni­ficent military buildings on the common is the Rotunda, designed by John Nash for an exhibition in St James’s Park in 1814 and moved here six years later, when it became the first military museum. The dockyard was extended in 1833 and again in the 1840s, when modern docks were built. Woolwich Arsenal and Dockyard stations opened in 1849 on the South Eastern Railway’s new line from London Bridge to Dartford, Gravesend and Strood. Shops lined the main streets and Woolwich became north Kent’s principal commercial centre. Such was the pressure of expansion that growth began to spill over into Plumstead in the 19th century and later into Eltham . The prison hulks were abolished in 1858 and the dockyard closed in 1869, when the site was handed over to the War Department for use as an annexe of the Royal Arsenal. The common continued to be used as an artillery firing range until 1860.

Workers from the Royal Arsenal set up a buyers’ co-​​operative in 1868, operating at first from members’ houses in Plumstead and then from 147 Powis Street as the Royal Arsenal Co-​​operative Society. In 1886 another group of workers estab­lished a football club, known initially as Dial Square, and then Royal Arsenal. On moving to Highbury in 1913 the club shortened its name to Arsenal . By the early 20th century the Royal Arsenal covered 1,285 acres. Including its testing ranges, the site measured three miles long by one mile wide, and had three separate internal railway systems. At the outbreak of the First World War the Royal Arsenal employed over 70,000 workers. The Royal Military Academy closed in 1939 and was re-​​established eight years later at Sandhurst in Berkshire. After the Second World War declining demand for armaments prompted the arsenal’s diver­si­fication into manufac­turing for civilian purposes, from railway trucks to automated equipment for the silk-​​weaving industry.

The Royal Ordnance factory closed in 1967, although many of the buildings continued to be used for testing and storage. Much of the new town of Thamesmead covers the arsenal’s eastern testing ranges. In an IRA bombing in November 1974, two died and many more were injured when a device was hurled through a window of the King’s Arms, opposite the Royal Artillery Barracks. In 1975 Woolwich acquired the UK’s first McDonald’s hamburger restaurant, which took the place of a branch of Burton’s, the tailors. The former headquarters of the Woolwich Equitable Building Society in General Gordon Square Military use of the Royal Arsenal site ceased altogether in 1994 – the culmination of a period of decline from which Woolwich is only now recovering. The arsenal’s buildings were taken over by English Partnerships for the devel­opment of housing, light industry and leisure facilities. A new Greenwich Heritage Centre opened at Royal Arsenal West’s Building 41 in 2003. One of the nearby buildings became Firepower – The Royal Artillery Museum, but this closed in July 2016, in preparation for a move to Wiltshire.

The 16th Regiment Royal Artillery left Woolwich Common for rural Rutland in 2007. The barracks is currently home to the King’s Troop and the 2nd Battalion of the Princess of Wales’s Royal Regiment . At present, the proportion of council tenants in Woolwich is very high while owner-​​​​occupation is low but rising. Woolwich has been touted by some property consultants as south London’s ‘next big thing’ because of its improving transport links, the devel­opments on the Royal Arsenal site and its selection of well-​​​​built Georgian terraces. As well as the trans­formation of the arsenal site, several other changes have taken place lately, notably in the form of improvements to key public spaces. The Royal Borough of Greenwich is promising much more to come over the next 20 years, especially in the vicinity of the new Elizabeth line (Crossrail) station in the zone called Royal Arsenal Riverside. On the afternoon of 22 May 2013 British Army soldier Fusilier Lee Rigby was attacked and killed by two radical Islamists near the Royal Artillery Barracks.

Postal district: SE18 Population: 36,619 (Woolwich Common and Woolwich Riverside wards, 2011 census, showing a 32 per cent increase on 2001) Stations: Southeastern Trains (Woolwich Dockyard, zone 3; Woolwich Arsenal, zone 4) and Docklands Light Railway (Woolwich Arsenal branch terminus, zone 4) Further reading: Andrew Saint and Peter Guillery, Woolwich (Survey of London) , Yale University Press, 2012 – Survey of London books are the ultimate in archi­tectural history, but they’re eye-​​wateringly priced Best Places to live in England & Wales 2013 | OneFamily Top 20 places to live 2013 1. Bingham, Nottinghamshire, NG13 The market town of Bingham is in the borough of Nottinghamshire and has a population of 9,000 people. It lies nine miles east of Nottingham and is also close to Newark-on-Trent and Grantham.

The postcode is renowned for its excellent education, scoring highly in KS2 and KS4 results, with four local schools, including three primary schools and a secondary comprehensive. In addition to a weekly market, the centre has a range of retail outlets, including a post office, pharmacy, and six local pubs. Equipped with sports amenities and a swimming pool, Bingham Leisure Centre is popular with residents, as is the local Scout Group which attracts 140 youngsters. Bingham's affordable house prices make it an attractive destination with an average two bed property costing £138,969 versus the national average of £173,632. 2. Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 Crowthorne is an affluent village in the Bracknell Forest district of south-eastern Berkshire. It has a population of 6,711 and is best known for its biennial carnival, encouraging children from local schools to create floats for the procession. The town has a wide variety of societies, including the Symphony Orchestra and Cricket Club and the village sits south of Sandhurst, home to the Royal Military Academy. House prices are above average, but employment opportunities are good with average earnings of £27,903.

Good schools, such as Wellington College, a co-ed boarding and day independent school, as well as Ludgrove and Edgebarrow attract families to the area. Proximity to Reading and Heathrow Airport is a bonus for families looking to commute into London. 3. Winscombe, Somerset, BN2 The village of Winscombe is in north Somerset, close to Axbridge and the famous Cheddar Gorge to the south-west of Bristol. It has a collection of local shops and businesses in its centre, along with a doctor's surgery and two dentists. Notable landmarks include the Village Square's 12th Century Church and a charming pub, The Woodborough Inn, which attracts families with its skittle alley and dining areas. Two schools, a state secondary school and a nearby independent school are located in the village next to a recreational ground providing a variety of sports facilities. Community spirit is high due to annual events like the May Fair and Michaelmas Fair, as well as very low levels of crime. 4.

Colyton, Devon, EX24 Nestled in the Axe Valley, with the River Coly flowing through it, the small town of Colyton in Devon is an excellent choice for families who enjoy the great outdoors as the Jurassic Coast is a short tram ride away. The town has a population of just 2,783 residents and first appeared as an ancient village around 700 AD, featuring in the Domesday Book. Dating back to 1546, Colyton Grammar School made headlines recently for achieving very high rankings in national league tables and is known for impressive Key Stage 4 results. The town offers a wealth of medieval character as well as a number of shops, galleries and pubs, while the ancient marketplace hosts several carnivals and fairs throughout the year. 5. Oakham, Rutland, LE15 Found in the East Midlands, Oakham, which featured in last year's top ten, is just 28 miles from Nottingham and a short drive from Leicester and Peterborough, with a total population of 9,975. The town lies near Rutland Water, one of the largest man-made lakes in Europe, offering a range of outdoor leisure activities on its doorstep.

It is also home to Oakham School, one of the major English public schools, The Catmose College, a specialist visual arts college founded in 1920, and Rutland College, which lies on the outskirts of the town. Key attractions include Oakham Castle and the popular historical open-air market held in the town square. The railway line connects the town to Birmingham, Leicester, Peterborough and Cambridge which is attractive to families. 6. Wokingham, Berkshire, RG41 Wokingham is a historic market town in Berkshire situated 33 miles west of London and has a population of over 35,000 and it topped last year's list. Records show that it held its first market in 1219 while by the 17th century it was famed for its bull baiting. Nowadays, it is well-equipped with various facilities, including a range of excellent private and state schools, several churches and an art gallery. What's more, transport to London Waterloo takes little over an hour, making it an ideal home for commuters. This may explain the affluence of the area as the average salary is £27,903.

Wokingham was last year's number one spot and it remains an excellent place to bring up a family. Rising house prices in the area, and across the south, have affected the affordability of the area and it has dropped slightly down this year's rankings as a result. 7. Poynton, Cheshire, SK12 Poynton is located at the eastern most limit of the expansive Cheshire Plain and is a short distance from the scenic Peak District. The west of the parish is predominantly residential, with diverse amenities, buffered from Hazel Grove and Bramhall. To the south of the town are two business parks but to the east the area is rural, bounding on the former deer park of Lyme Hall. The A6 road passes to the north of the parish, and the Macclesfield Canal runs along the east. The Manchester and Birmingham Railway offers local services to Manchester and Macclesfield. Education in Poynton is run by Cheshire East Council and local schools include five primary schools and secondary school, Poynton High School. 8.

Swanland, Yorkshire, HU14 Swanland is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire in England, to the west of Kingston upon Hull city centre and two miles north of the Humber Estuary. At the centre of the village is a large pond around which are a number of listed houses, two churches and the Village Hall which hosts a variety of events, from village fairs to dance lessons and concerts for the community. The Swanland Preservation Society has been running for over 25 years and is a dynamic force in keeping the area a pleasant place to live. Meanwhile, the local primary school is popular with families because of its consistently impressive Key Stage 2 results. With very low crime rates and competitive house prices, Swanland is a picture-perfect destination for families. 9. Faringdon, Oxfordshire, SN7 Faringdon is a market town in the Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire. Sitting at the top of the Thames Valley, its northern meads stretch down to the River Thames. In 2004, Faringdon became the first Fairtrade Town in the South East of England and has since held an annual arts festival in early July.

There are many clubs that run throughout the year, including cricket, football, rugby, tennis, plus a range of art and music classes. The town is nestled around the Parish Church which dates from the 13th century. Along with a leisure centre, a short stroll from the centre you'll find open fields and a network of footpaths to nearby villages. There are a number of pre-schools and preparatory schools making up the above average Key Stage 2 results in the area. 10. Dunnington, Yorkshire, YO19 Dunnington is a village and civil parish in the City of York, North Yorkshire, and four miles from York city centre. In 2006 the village placed runner-up in the small town category of the Britain in Bloom, with people being attracted to its charming older centre, part of which is a conservation area. 'The Windmill' public house is popular with locals who enjoy its traditional menu and selection of fine ales. The high street is home to a range of shops, including a local butcher, newsagent, beauty salon and toy store. Other attractions for families include the park, which plays host to a variety of sports, and the library.

The primary school is celebrated for achieving good Key Stage 2 scores, attracting young families to the area. 11. Longridge, Lancashire, PR3 The small town of Longridge is located in the Ribble Valley, Lancashire, situated about eight miles northeast of Preston. Traditionally a quarry town, its appearance has changed significantly in recent years as a result of new housing developments. Considering its size, the town has all the amenities a family would need; the lively side of the town is thriving with nine pubs and a variety of restaurants. Longridge also has a public library and several primary and high schools. The monthly farmer's market attracts food lovers and locals gather for the annual 'Field Day' with a parade and various fundraising attractions. The town rates very highly with low levels of crime and reasonable pricing for a two bedroom house, coming in at £162,612, £12,020 lower than the national average. 12. Church Crookham, Hampshire, GU52 Church Crookham is a village and civil parish in north east Hampshire, located 40 miles south west of London.

Local residents are proud to consider Crookham as a separate village to its neighbour, Fleet, but they are still in close range to the facilities that the larger town has to offer. Sitting on the Basingstoke Canal, it is a great area for families who enjoy countryside pursuits. Church Crookham is historically famous for the Tweseldown race course, a point-to-point racing track, and the Queen Elizabeth Barracks. In recent years the village has seen a huge development in new housing, including the selling of the Barracks to build a new estate. 13. Yarm, Yorkshire, TS15 The small town of Yarm, North Yorkshire has appeared in the Top Twenty Hotspots chart for two years now. Situated on the River Tees, the town is full of character with its rural surroundings, Georgian buildings and cobbled areas which won the high street the 'Best in Britain' award in 2007. Yarm is known for its historic Cricket club which dates back to 1814 and celebrated local team. Seasonal matches are supported by the community who also attend local fun runs, fairs and farmers' markets.

A draw for families is the variety of schools in the town, with three primary schools, a mixed comprehensive and independent high school to choose from. Low crime rates and affordable house prices for two bedroom properties also attract families to the area. 14. Woodley, Berkshire, RG5 The town of Woodley in Berkshire has a strong community and family feel amongst its 27,000 residents and placed second in last year's ranking. The bustling town centre has many shops and holds Saturday markets and monthly farmers' markets for locals. There are also multiple leisure centres and parks to explore. The town is famous for its aviation history and is home to the Museum of Berkshire Aviation. A thriving amateur dramatics group performs several productions throughout the year for the local community. Woodley also has two secondary comprehensive schools, which have both achieved specialist school status, and several primary schools known for their high Key Stage 2 scores. 15. Shebbear, Devon, EX21 The small rural village of Shebbear in Devon has appeared in the Top Twenty Hotspots list for two years running. It has a close-knit community of 7,000 residents.

The focal points of the community are the old village hall and the local primary school which both organise an assortment of events for the calendar, including the annual Flower Show. Despite its size, the quaint village is well equipped with a shop, doctor's surgery, church, chapel and a village pub, The Devil's Stone Inn. Families are attracted to the small class sizes in the primary school, which recently achieved good results in the Ofsted report. 16. Leyland, Lancashire, PR26 The town of Leyland is in the South Ribble district, approximately six miles from Preston, Lancashire. The historic area has a strong community spirit, hosting festivals throughout the year. In the last few years new housing and multiple supermarkets have opened to cater for the growth of families in the area. House prices are very affordable, with two bedroom properties selling for an of £113,856, compared to the national average of £175,632, making the location perfect for commuters looking to reach major cities via Leyland's railway station. The town has a great status in terms of education, with three high schools and two colleges that are well ranked by Ofsted. 17.

Sedbergh, Cumbria, LA10 The small historic town of Sedbergh is about ten miles from Kendal in Cumbria. The charming town is within the scenic surroundings of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and is a short distance to the Lake District. The narrow main street is lined with shops that frame the parish church which dates back to the 12th century, and the remains of a Saxon castle. Schools are celebrated in the area, with examination results scoring above national averages. Since 2003, Sedbergh has come to be known as England's book-town due to its thriving count of independent bookshops and dealers. 18. Kirkham, Lancashire, PR4 Kirkham is a small town and civil parish in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, midway between Blackpool and Preston. Kirkham lies at the centre of a relatively rich agricultural area in which sits Kirkham Abbey ruins. The small library has been enjoyed since 1939 and was recently refurbishment. Local bookshop, Silverdell, has been voted "Independent Bookshop of the Year" and has held signings with the likes of Michael Caine.

A key calendar fixture is Kirkham Club Day, an annual gala, which takes place in June. Kirkham has two secondary schools and an Independent School, with two local primary schools feeding into them. Local attractions include the Kirkham Swimming Baths which date back to 1914 and now serve as a public swimming pool. With average two bedroom house prices coming in at £137,629, just under £40,000, below the national average it's no surprise the area scores highly for families. 19. Kesgrave, Suffolk, IP5 Kesgrave is a small countryside town located on the edge of Ipswich, Suffolk. With a population of around 14,000, it is predominantly a residential area. Plenty of local amenities and country walks keep families occupied and the town has five primary schools, including Cedarwood which has a Civic Trust Award. The famous Bury St Edmunds Abbey and Kesgrave Hall are key historic sites in the area, with the latter acting as an RAF base during World War Two. Cycling lanes along main routes in the town were recently built to enable pupils to cycle to Kesgrave High School.

High Key Stage 2 scores, low crime rates and competitive house prices make this town ideal for families looking to settle. 20. Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, MK18 Buckingham is a town in north Buckinghamshire, South East England, close to the border of Oxfordshire. It caters for residents with a variety of restaurants and pubs, including a host of tea-rooms, as well as local amenity stores, including Boots and WH Smith. On top of its three primary schools, and one academy, the town is home to one of the UK's two private universities. Many historic houses can be found in the area, some of which are opened to the public and the town is not far from the home of favourite childrens' author, Roald Dahl. The county is well-connected with four main railway lines running through it, including the West Coast Main Line and the Great Western Main Line, making it a prime location for families. The information we provide should help you to make an informed decision as OneFamily doesn’t provide advice. If you’re not sure whether our product is suitable, it's worth speaking to an independent financial advisor (IFA). For OneFamily Lifetime Mortgages you must seek independent advice.

The IFA will charge you for this advice. LEGAL Fleming,Ian1908ad - Life Tree Life Tree Sitemap Fleming,Ian1908ad Ian Lancaster Fleming, English Writer of James Bond, born 5/28/1908 in London, England, passed 8/64, Military Commander WWII, Writer, his father was Valentine Fleming, a British Member of Parliament and his mother was Evelyn St. Croix Rose. Fleming's older brother Peter became a travel writer. Ian also had two younger brothers, Michael and Richard Fleming (1910–77) and an illegitimate half-sister, the cellist Amaryllis Fleming. Ian was a grandson of the Scottish financier Robert Fleming, who founded the Scottish American Investment Trust and the merchant bank Robert Fleming and Co. Ian Fleming was a step-cousin of Christopher Lee, later Sir Christopher Lee, who went on to become a well-known British horror film actor, and his older brother Peter married the successful stage actress Celia Johnson, later Dame Celia Johnson. Ian Fleming had nephews Rory Fleming, Matthew Fleming who played cricket for England, and a great-nephew, the composer Alan Fleming-Baird.

Fleming was first educated at Durnford School, a preparatory school on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, near to the estate of the Bond family, who could trace their ancestry back to an Elizabethan spy called John Bond and whose motto was Non Sufficit Orbis, The World Is Not Enough. Fleming then attended Sunningdale School in Berkshire, the prestigious Eton College at Eton, near Windsor, Berkshire, and the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, near Camberly, on the borders between Berkshire and Surrey. He was Victor Ludorum at Eton for two years running, only the second person ever to accomplish this. After leaving Eton, however, he found life at Sandhurst difficult and after an early departure from the Royal Military Academy, his mother sent him to study languages on the continent. He first attended a small private establishment in the town of Kitzbühel, in Austria, run by the Adlerian disciple Ernan Forbes Dennis and his American wife, the novelist Phyllis Bottome. This was in order to improve his German and prepare him for examinations for entry into the Foreign Office.

From Kitzbühel he went to Munich University, and, finally, to the University of Geneva to improve his French; however, he was unsuccessful in his application to join the Foreign Office and worked as a sub-editor and journalist for the Reuters news service, spending part of 1933 in Moscow. He then worked as a stockbroker with Rowe and Pitman, in Bishopsgate, London. In 1939, on the eve of World War II, Rear Admiral John Henry Godfrey, Director of Naval Intelligence of the Royal Navy, recruited Fleming, then a reserve subaltern in the Black Watch, as his personal assistant. Fleming was commissioned first as a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve and subsequently as Lieutenant Commander, then Commander. His codename was 17F. In 1940, Fleming and Rear Admiral Godfrey contacted Kenneth Mason, Professor of Geography at Oxford University, about the preparation of reports on the geography of countries involved in military operations. These reports were the precursors of the Naval Intelligence Division Geographical Handbook Series produced between 1941 and 1946. He was a British author and journalist, most famous for his novels about the British spy James Bond.

Fleming chronicled Bond's adventures in twelve novels and nine short stories, a literary output that has sold over 100 million copies worldwide, making it one of the most popular series of related novels of all time. Fleming also wrote the children's story Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and two works of non-fiction. In 2008, The Times newspaper in London, England, ranked Ian Fleming fourteenth on its list of the "50 greatest British writers since 1945". Fleming was educated at Eton College and was heavily involved in intelligence gathering during the Second World War, working as an officer for the British Naval Intelligence Division. Later in the war, he was principal planning officer with 30 Commando, or 30 Assault Unit and sat on the directing committee of T-Force, whose task was to recover things of value to British Intelligence from the retreating Nazis during the Allied advance through Europe. Ian Fleming lived to see two of his novels made into what would become the beginning of a long and successful series of Bond movies. A third was underway when he died in Canterbury, England in August 1964, aged 56.

Works Nr Name Year Order of Movie release Note 1. Casino Royale 1953 21 (or 5 if the Columbia Pictures spoof is considered) 2. Live and Let Die 1954 8 3. Moonraker 1955 11 4. Diamonds Are Forever 1956 7 5. From Russia, with Love 1957 2 6. Dr. No 1958 1 7. Goldfinger 1959 3 8. For Your Eyes Only 1960 12 , 14-A View to a Kill, 22-Quantum of Solace (Title Only) (3,8) 9. Thunderball 1961 4 10. The Spy Who Loved Me 1962 10 (Title Only) 11. On Her Majesty's Secret Service 1963 6 12. You Only Live Twice 1964 5 13. The Man with the Golden Gun 1965 9 (6) 14.

Octopussy and The Living Daylights 1966 13 & 15 (7,8) (1) First US paperback edition of Casino Royale was retitled You Asked for It. (2) First US paperback edition of Moonraker was retitled Too Hot to Handle. (3) Short story collection: (i) "From a View to a Kill," (ii) "For Your Eyes Only," (iii) "Risico," (iv) "Quantum of Solace", and (v) "The Hildebrand Rarity." (4) Subject of a legal battle which led to the book's storyline also being credited to Kevin McClory and Jack Whittingham; see the controversy over Thunderball (5) Fleming gives co-author credit to "Vivienne Michel", the fictional heroine of the book; Fleming refused to allow a paperback edition to be published in the UK, but one was eventually published after his death. His agreement with Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman only allowed the use of the title for a movie. (6) For years, it has been alleged that William Plomer, and/or others, completed this novel as Fleming died before a finished manuscript was created.

Many Fleming biographers dispute this; see the controversy over The Man With The Golden Gun. (7) Posthumously compiled short story collection. Originally published with two stories: (i) "Octopussy" and (ii) "The Living Daylights". The 1967 paperback edition's title was shortened to Octopussy and a third story, "The Property of a Lady", increased its page count. In the 1990s, the collection's longer, original title was restored, and with the 2002 edition, the story, "007 in New York" (originally published in some editions of Thrilling Cities (see below) was added. (8) In 2008, a collection entitled "Quantum of Solace" was released including the contents of "For Your Eyes Only" and "Octopussy and The Living Daylights" (all stories from the 2002 edition). Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1964) Thrilling Cities (1963; the American editions contain the short story "007 in New York") Unfinished or unpublished works Fleming kept a scrapbook containing notes and ideas for future James Bond stories.

It included fragments of possible short stories or novels featuring Bond that were never published. Excerpts from some of these can be found in The Life of Ian Fleming by John Pearson. The author Geoffrey Jenkins worked with Fleming on a James Bond story idea between 1957 and 1964. After Fleming's death, Jenkins was commissioned by Bond publishers Glidrose Productions to turn this story, Per Fine Ounce, into a novel, but it was never published. In 1960, Fleming was commissioned by the Kuwait Oil Company to write a book on the country and its oil industry. The typescript is titled State of Excitement: Impressions of Kuwait but it was never published due to disapproval by the Kuwaiti Government. According to Fleming: "The Oil Company expressed approval of the book but felt it their duty to submit the typescript to members of the Kuwait Government for their approval. The Sheikhs concerned found unpalatable certain mild comments and criticisms and particularly the passages referring to the adventurous past of the country which now wishes to be 'civilised' in every respect and forget its romantic origins

Question: Near which small town in Berkshire was the Royal Military Academy founded in 1799?
Answer: SANDHURST