British West Indies Planters British West Indies Planters history Handbook and Almanac of Jamaica Planters In 1832, before the abolition of slavery there were six hundred and fifty-three sugar estates in cultivation- over 500 coffee plantations. The British Slavery Abolition Act of 1834 provided a grant of £20 million to compensate the owners of all West Indian slaves for the loss of their 'human property!!! ( 20,000,000 ). _______ Allen, Robert, & al., Tryall, 2184 ---Same, Recovery, 326 Allen, Wm. heirs of, Orange Cove, 806 Atkinson, Catherine, Flamstead, 36 Boswell, Jane, heirs of, 10 Binns, Frances, 25 Binns, James K., Barbary Hill, 14 Blagrove, John, Maggotty, 2900 Blagrove, J.

W., Orange Bay, 2090 Baird, Margaret, 25 Bowen, Joseph R., Orchard, 957 Brebner, William, Pedro, 148 Buchanan, James, Great River, 15 Buchanan, James, Tillichewen, 66 Buchanan, Jane, Boggy Hill, 33 Buchanan, Sarah, 33 Brown, Elizabeth, Mount Charles, 14 Butter, David, estate of, Graham Hall, 23 Brissett, Sarah E., 10 Brown, John, Hail Weston, 14 Brown, Robert, 50 Brown, Charles, as guardian, Mount Charles, 21 Brown, James R., 21 Barrett, Richard, dec., Harding Hall, 403 Bennett, Thomas, Woodlands, 18 Binham, Eliza Ann, Industry, 25 Barham, Elizabeth, 12 Capon, Benj, heirs of, Caldwall, 640 Campbell, Alexander, Thorn Hill, &c, 245 ---Same, Copse & Beverly, 3185 Campbell, Ann & al., Askinish, 356 Campbell, D

ugald, heirs of, Salt Spring, 927 Campbell, John, Rock Spring, 700 Campbell, William, heirs of, New Milns, 1487 Casely, Rachel, Industry, 30 Chisholm, Francis, Rose Hill, 98 Chambers, Alexander, 569 Clarke, W.

and J. J., Industry, 1276 Christie, John, Greenwich, 1115 Clarke, Sir Simon H., Fathog Quarter, 549 ---Same, Wood Church, 752 Cooke, William Hilton, Chester Castle, 1600 Costa, Rebecca, Wood Ville, 10 Croll, Ann, dec., Good Hope, 12 Croll, Eliza, 12 Croll, John, Edeavour [sic], 73 Croll, Richard James, Bellfield, 28 Crooks, William James, 60 Croll, William H. estate of, 33 Chisholm, Alexander, Strat Glass, 33 Coltman, Ann & al., 15 Cochran, Geo.

& Margaret A., 190 Casely, George W., 10 Campbell, Peter, Lances Bay, 192 Campbell, Elizabeth, Shield, 13 Crooks, Susan, estate of, 15 Crooks, Elizabeth, Ginger Hill, 15 Davis, Anthony, Saxham, 589 Dehany, Williaim K., Point &c, 1933 Duff, James & al., Grange, 712 Dickson William A., Davis' Cove, 32 Deans, James, Wellington, 256 Donaldson, Frances, Mount Pleasant, 53 Dwyer, James, 10 Edwards, Cath.

estate of, 42 Ellarde, Mary H., 18 Edney, Ann Theresa, Hope Hall, 30 Freebairn, Robert, 30 Fenton, John, Lewther Cottage, 13 Greig, James, Esher, 715 Gilpin, Henry, Cascade and Dispute, 630 Grant, Alexander, Greenland, 92 Gardiner, Edmund, Flint River, 1057 Garrison, Alice, 15 Goldsworthy, William, Rock Pleasant, 105 Gray, Edward, as guardian, 12 Gladstone, John, Fish River, 2976 Grant, John, Dispensary, 29 Gilmore, Emily C., Bell Burnett, 10 Grant, Rebecca, 11 Gordon, Thomas, & al., Friendship, 18 Grant, James, 33 Gordon, James, as guardian, 10 Hine, Daniel Danis, Montpelier, 324 Hibbert, R. sen.

heirs of, Country, 596 ---Same, Great Valley, 4000 Hibbert, Robert, jun., Georgia, 2175 ---Same, Dundee, 640 Heaven, Wm.

H., Beans, 569 ---Same, Golden Grove, 1093 Hall, William L., Round Hill, 1334 Hine, James S., Retirement, 52 Hole, William B., Stoodley, 14 Hillman, Abraham, Hills Brook, 400 Harvey, John, Eastbury, 52 Heming, Mary Ann, Belle View, 14 Hudson, Robert, Friendship Grove, 20 Hay, James, Williamsfield, 720 Innes, Philip H., Haughton Hall, 620 Innes, Colin, Hilbride, 10 James, William R., Haughton Tower, 1053 Jackson, Henry, heirs of, Mount Pleasant, 1009 ---Same, Sod Hall, 742 Johnson, George, Cave Valley, 136 Johnson, George R, Whitney, 12 Johnson, Jane, 61 James, Robert, Spring Valley, 20 Jones, Sarah M., Pleasant Hill, 20 Knubley, Simon, estate of, Rockingham, 210 Kenny, William, Inch Valley, 19 Kirkaldy

, Wm.

estate of, Bower Hall, 50 Leslie, Thomas, Top Hill, 118 Lyon, Jacob, Top Hill, 10 Leith, David, Montrose, 11 Lindsay, Alex. estate of, 99 Leighan, Ann, 13 Lewis, Ann, Walton Hill, 54 McLelland, James, 11 Mitchell, W. R.

& S., Kew, 1423 Malcolm, Neil, Argyll, 634 Morris, R., estate of, 30 Miles, Philip J., Richmond &c, 4006 ---Same, Prosper Pen, 794 Miller, Rebecca A., Friendship, 171 Miller, Benjamin R., Cottage, 84 ---Same, as guardian, 16 Miller, William R., Bell View, 57 McIntosh, Ann, 42 Morrison, Nancy, Blair Castle, 32 Morris, William C., Rome, 170 McMahon, Robert, Cacoon, 20 Medley, John T., Mase Mure, 105 McKenzie, Alexander, Knapdale, 50 Morris, Rachel, estate of, 12 Munro, George, 270 Nasmyth, Thomas, heirs of, Rhodes Hall, 495 Nelson, Alice, 15 Oates, George H. estate of, Morven, 270 Ochterlony, Elizabeth, Liberty Hall, 21 Purrier, Hon.

John V., Haddington, 780 ---Same, Welcome, 1200 Petgrave, Thomas, Comfort Hall, 47 Patie, Eleanor Ann, Bushy-Park, 23 Payne, Edward, Dalmally, 46 ---Same, and Henderson, John, Tealing, 23 Petgrave, Ann Miller, 37 Reid, Thomas, heirs of, Belvidere, 1792 Randall, Sarah, Colnbrook, 16 Ross, Alex., Tarbet Point, 100 Riley, Sarah, Mount Lebanon, 42 Reid, T. W. H., 12 Russell, Ann, 13 Ritchie, James B., Bower Hill, 80 Steele, Richard, Abingdon, 600 Scott, Hutchison, Musquito Cove, 724 Spence, Patrick, estate of, 12 Spence, Samuel, estate of, Betsy Mount, 200 Spence, Wm.

heirs of, Axe and Adze, 200 Sawers, John & Thomas, Whittingham, 52 Sharpe, Kitty Maria, 25 Samuells, Margaret, Mountain Spring &c, 61 Spence, James, Castle Hyde &c, 285 Samuells, Eliza, 20 Smith, Mary, Retirement &c, 65 Spence, Frederick, 38 Stewart, John, Orange Valley, 10 Saffery, Wiliiam, Dry Hill, 13 Stephenson, Daniel, Hopewell, 750 Stephenson, Rebecca, Wood Cot, 45 Stewart, Jennet, Strath Glass, 13 Scott, James, 96 Spence, Amelia, Cash Hill, 10 Sawers, John, Alex. & Robert, Look-Out, 50 Streete, Wm.

Henry, Friendship, 39 Taylor, George W., Haughton Grove, 950 ---Same, Haughton Court, 1121 Tharp, Eliza Mary, Blue Hole, 798 Thelwell, John sen., Merry Land, 238 Thelwell, Thomas J., Retreat, 27 Toppi, Adam, Wemyss, 60 Usherwood, Thomas, estate of, Cottage &c, 82 Vassall, Wm. heirs of, Green River, 963 Vassall, John, Newfound River, 950 Wedderburn, John, Prospect, 1283 Walker, W. C. heirs of, Bamboo, 700 Walker, J.

C., Caledonia, 260 Wallace, Robert, Cessnock, 860 Will, John, estate of, 40 Willey, John & al., 123 Walcott, Henry E., Brae, 139 Weatherston, Rebecca, Richmond-Hill, 52 Wilson, Edmund F., Content, 14 Wood, Ann, guardian, 15 Webster, George, Cousin's Cove, 1642 Williams, Richard, Hillside, 65 See Almanacs for general information on using the Almanacs Proprietors, etc., Properties, etc., Acres Adlam, William, Upper Warminster, 912 Adlam, William, Lower Warminster, 1870 Alexander, Lilly, Content, 48 Allan, Benjamin, Little Ease, 17 Allan, John, Canaan and Branlieu, 45 Aumand, William, Ginger-Hill, 1439 Anderson, Dr.

William, Whitehall, 941 Allison, Cecelia, 16 Angell, Benjamin, Content Pen, 800 Adair, Elizabeth D., 20 Banton, W. Benjamin, Frenchman-Settlement, 81 Barham, John, Island and Windsor, 5011 Barham, Charles, 684 Barrett, John Thomas, Labour-Hill, 100 Bennett, Thomas, Spring-Garden, 119 Bennett, Catherine, as guardian, 28 Bennett, Dorothy, Cabbage-Valley, 214 Bennett, Margaret Ann, Greenfield, 29 Bennett, Joseph Thomas, 90 Bent, John Francis, Mahogany-Hall, 100 Bent, Peter, Newfield, 59 Bent, Henry S., Cherrymoia, 150 Bent, George, Rumford, 30 Bent, John B., Cotton-Tree Hill, 530 Bent, Henry S., Minthill-Settlement, 60 Bent, Benjamin, for H. Gale, 50 Blake, Wm.

sen., Molehill, &c, 355 Blake, Mary, Holt, 60 Brisset, George Joseph, Content, 160 Broomfield, John Mullings, Hampstead, &c, 241 Broomfield, Andrew P., Cottage-Bury, 40 Broomfield, J. F., guardian, Chapman and May-Hill, 27 Broomfield, John Mullings, Epsom, 20 Broomfield, Frederick, Cherry-Garden, 20 Brooks, Edward, estate of, Cottage, 250 Bruce, John, Brucefield, 504 Burton, John P., Content and Lornhill, 425 Bryce, Mrs., Providence, 200 Burlton, James Edward, Ashton & Mount-Charles, 1002 Byrne, Andrew, Paisley, 400 Berry, Sarah, for-- Marksman, dec., 88 Black, William, Hillside, 50 Banton, Grace R., Mango-Hill, 10 Brown, J.

Edmund, 26 Black, James, Happy Recess, 10 Banton, James, Providence, 10 Biggs, Thomas William, Eldorado, 40 Binns, Edward C., Paradise &c, 60 Buchanan, Kemble B., Water-Clump, 100 Belinfante, Joseph A. C., Endeavour, 10 Bent, Elizabeth, Lemon-Vale, 74 Baylis, M. P., Mayfield, 300 Bays, Thomas, 14 Brooks, Deborah E., Greenfield, 100 Brooks, John, Enfield, 100 Bent, William, near Alligator-Pond, 150 Cameron, John, Caris-Brook, 1455 Campbell, Alexander C. Rosehall, 365 Cawley, W.

heirs of, Cromlek, 100 Campbell, Alexander C., Glandbigg, 55 Campbell, William, 15 Campbell, Mira D., Cathkin, 120 Campbell, John D., Burnt ground, 96 Chambers, John, estate of, Northampton, 1517 Chambers, John, estate of, Cabbage-Valley, 2240 Chambers, Jane E., Dignity-Hall, 98 Cooper, David, Lyndesaye-Lodge, 118 Cohen, H. and J., Twickenham &c, 1000 Cohen, Hymen, Berlin, 1412 Coke, Ed. Francis, Paynestown, 580 Cole, Thomas, Milford and Stonefield, 38 Cowan, Alexander, Cheltenham, 244 Clark, George, exor.

of, Brownberry, 603 Clerk, Charles, Canesham Pedro, 58 Christian, James M., Labor-Content, 43 Campbell, Rosamond, 10 Cawley, William, heirs of, Hope-River, 600 Coles, Joseph A., Whitehorn, 24 Coles, Stephen A., Bagshill, 52 Campbell, Niel, Pedro, 100 Campbell, J. B., estate of, 100 Chisholm, Amelia, Southfield, 323 Cawley, Jane and Charlotte, Reading, 500 Daly, James, Thornton, Speculation &c, 2093 Daly, Mary M., Success, 1000 Delap, Lilly, Content, 48 Dickenson, M.

and C., Happy-Grove, 500 Dickenson and Harman, Pepper and Bonavista, 4100 ---Same, Barton Isles, 2000 Dickenson, Vicars, heirs of, Barton, 4000 Dobb, Ann, Delve, 102 Dennis, Thomas S., Glasgow, 30 Drummond, John James, Hilton, 133 Dyer, Thomas, 24 Dyer, J.

heirs of, Arlington, 552 Dunkley, William, Santa-Cruz, 120 Dickenson, Caleb, executor, Grosmond, 823 Davy, Rosetta, Brays-River, 285 Dunn, George R., Cedar-Spring, 200 Dennis, Charles S., Providence, 64 Dobby, John, Cedar-Grove &c, 82 Drummond, Richard deceased, Breadnut-Valley, 75 Davis, Thomas, Nightengale-Grove, 10 De la Roche, Rachael, Lancewood, 200 Dear, James, 200 Ebanks, Caleb deceased, Stonefield, 458 Ebanks, Richard, Blantas, 221 Ebanks, William Christian, Belfast &c, 80 Ebanks, James D. Happy-Retreat, 193 Ebanks, Eleanor, Mount-Sinai, 36 Ebanks, John Benjamin, Mayfield, 40 Ebanks, Benjamin, New-Buildings, 53 Ebanks, Benjamin, jun., Prospect &c, 142 Ebanks, W.

Caleb, Enfield, 128 Ebanks, Nicholas J., Sandy-bank, 16 Ebanks, Albert B., Coverland, 150 Ebanks, John Richard, Content, 80 Ebanks, Anthony, Tamarind-field, 10 Ebanks, W. Caleb, Pimento-Hall, 53 Ebanks, Ann M., Cherry-Garden, 170 Ebanks, Ann, Content, 42 Earle and Muirhead, Roseberry, 802 Edwards, John, Content, 124 Elliott, Sarah S., Twickenham, 80 Elliott, Henry, 80 Esson, Andrew, estate of, Pondside, 740 Eaton, W. as guardian, 91 Evans, William, Success, 33 Farquharson, Charles, estate of, Spring-Vale, 1412 Farquharson, Matthew, Spring-Mount, 155 Finlason, W.

estate of, Mount-Zion, 618 Finlason, John, Malvern Chase, 500 Finlay, George, Nightingale-Grove, 111 Forbes, C. estate of, Stanmore-Hill &c, 3650 Forbes, Mary, Prosper, 220 Ford, J. and William A., Bunkley, 26 Frith, Sarah, 140 Forster, J. W. estate of, Bogue, 3040 Foster, Henry, heirs of, Lancewood, 500 Foster, Phillip, Industry-Park, 40 Froize, Isaac, Paradise &c, 70 Froize, Joseph, Trysee, 15 Faulkner, Thomas K., Rainsberry, 13 Faulkner, Dorothy, Queensberry, 115 Gladstone, John, Lacovia Estate, 2212 ---Same, Holland, 4548 Graves, S.

heirs of, Islington, 600 Gordon, John James, Saint-Helena, 70 ---Same, Port Royal, 89 Griffith, John, Goshen & Longhill, 5813 Gale, Ralph, Hopington, 39 Graves, W. Vassall, New-Castle, 130 Girdwood, F., administrator, 400 Gale, William C., Look-On, 100 Gale, Henry, 100 Hart, M. Johnson, Dunbarton, 20 Hart, Samuel, Industry-Park, 300 Heath, William H., Peru, 1500 Hewitt, W.

Kellet, Fellowship, 2000 Holness, John, Sealwood, 293 Hennegan, Charles sen., Mahogany-Hall, 10 Hylton, John, Ruthven, 145 Hylton, John S., Elderslie &c, 2568 Hastings, Theodore, Bleachfield, 50 Heron, Elizabeth M., Mirebah, 56 Holness, George, Bethney, 22 Isaacs, Isaac, Malvern-Well &c, 650 Isaacs, Caroline, 22 James, John William, Chelsea, 80 James, Robert Bucknor, Cobby-Castle, 121 James, Nicolas, estate of, Comfort-Hall, 321 James, William, Williamsfield, 730 James, Elizabeth, as guardian, Paradise, 300 James, Rachael, Paradise, 1600 James, T. J. and J.

B., 170 James, William R., Newell &c, 5691 James, Charles S., 33 Johnson, Mary, Retirement &c, 488 Jones, John Bennett, Salisbury, 31 Jones, Robert, Good-Intent, 25 Jones, Eliza and Amelia, 450 Jones, Mary, 30 Kilburn, William, Burton Settlement, 91 Kirlew, James, Phoenix, 12 Kean, Elizabeth Jane, Kean's Valley, 198 King, Frances, estate of, New-Buildings, 1200 Longmore, George, Donegal, 825 Linton, Thomas Lynch, Cambridge, 130 Langlands, David, Hermitage, 392 Lynch, Benjamin B., Fairmount, 40 Lesslie, Patrick, Bellswales, 40 Luton, C., estate of, Retirement, 100 Laird, James, Mountain Spring, 330 Levy, William Benjamin, 20 Maitland, Andrew, deceased, Giddy-Hall, 2000 McLean, Rose Ann, Smile-Dale,

 10 Marcy, George, Kepp, 420 Medley, George B., Chew Magna, 400 Moore, Alexander, George's Valley, 424 McDonald, James, Pisgah, 86 McDaniel, Robert, Mount Pleasant, 1003 McIntosh, John, estate of, Santa-Cruz Park, 1383 McLeish, William, 342 Miller, James, Malvern Hill &c, 2700 Mitchell, David, Prospect, 30 Moies, J., estate of, Hermitage, 300 Morse, John, heirs of, Y.

S. estate, 6004 ---Same, Ipswich Estate, 2006 Mullings, Thomas Banton, Rockland, 30 Mullings, James, Folly and Mount Eagle, 210 Mullings, William J., 30 Mullings, D.

estate of, 30 Mullings, Ann, 30 Mullings, Benjamin J., Chatham, 364 Mullings, Diana M., 30 Mullings, Montague J., Retirement, 200 Mullings, Jane, 30 Mullings, Benjamin J., Islington, 23 Mullings, John, heirs of, Mount-Pleasant &c, 856 Muschett, John, Carmel, 500 Myers, Michael, Portsea and Newcastle, 112 Mack, Jane, Rocky-Hill, 20 Maxwell, Francis, Spring Hill, 72 Mitchell, Robert J., Folly, 84 Malcom, Robert, Newton, 17 McCallum, John Vaugham, Mount Tryall, 300 McLean, John, Shelter, 48 Morgan, Henry R., Phantillands, 3000 McLeish, Archibald, 200 McCracken, Thos.

estate of, Benlomond and Limerick, 1000 McDonald, Simon T., Brighton, 200 Mullings, Theodore, Lodge, 100 Nembhard, Eliza P., Kensington, 202 ---Same, Hounslow, 3000 Newman, Charles, Milksham and Corsham, 632 Nesbitt, Robert, Providence, 90 Parlane, Alexander, Sterling Castle, 150 Patrick, Benjamin, Bosworth Field, 133 Parchment, Rich.

B., Kildare, 95 Pight, Thomas J., Hope, 233 Powell, John, Happy Retreat, 48 Powell, William, 16 Powell, John, Prospect near Berlin, 70 Powell, Edward, 12 Paris, Edmund G., Chateau, 27 Potter, John, Crawfords and Friendship, 400 Phillips, Ruth, Durham, 37 Peart, John, Peart's Hall, 30 Peart, Ann Maria, Newton, 50 Peart, Alexander, New Rivers, 50 Peddie, William, Endeavour, 53 Parslow, John, Roslin Castle, 50 Palmer, Arabella, Lexington, 27 Ramson, C. L., Raby's Trustee, 600 Rinton, J., estate of, 1000 Robertson, Hon. D., Gilnock Hall, 1050 Robertson, Duncan, deceased, Friendship, 1683 Robertson, John, deceased, Bellemont, 832 Rowe, Jas.

deceased, Fullerswood Pen, 1847 ---Same, Bagdale, 2004 Rowe, Hon. W., Bellevue, 817 ---Same, Fullerswood Park, 850 Rowe, Mrs. C., Finlason's Run, 673 Rowe, Wm. jun., Gibraltar, 500 Roy, Joseph, Small-Pox Corner, 62 Royal, Joseph, heirs of, Lower Works, 540 Russell, Margaret, Coffee Valley, 29 Russell, Richard, Shaddock Grove, 40 Russell, Edward, Russell's Grove, 198 Russell, John, Roseberry, 275 Renton, George, New Building, 11 Robertson, John A., 37 Stone, Theodore, Whitehill Pen, 614 Stone, Theodore, New Savanna, 1060 Sandcroft, Mary, 63 Salmon, Hon.

John, Mulgrave, 5500 Salkeld, William, Parkhead, 150 Salmon, John, and Cooper, C., Middlesex, 1500 ---Same,Vauxhall, 1899 Seaton, Martins, estate of, Doncaster, 300 Shakspeare, John, dec., Hodges, 2000 Smith, John, Hope Town, 268 Smith, Jane, Spitalfield, 100 Spence, Joan Lean, Bloomsbury, 226 Spence, George B., Upland, 82 Swaby, Joseph James, Montpelier and New River, 3000 Sinclair, Sarah, Cottage, 27 Senior, Bernard M., Salt Spring, 2000 ---Same, Compton Lodge, 208 Spalding, Alexander, estate of, Ashwood, 262 Simpson, Thomas, Denton, 156 Sullivan, William, Industry Hall, 45 Stephenson, James, 122 Simms, William, Goldberry and New Hope, 32 Smith, Henry, 50 Simpson, Samuel, Bull Sav

anna, 15 Simpson, Margaret, Bull Savanna, 13 Smith, Mary, Rangle, 40 Samms, William, Happy Lane, 12 Smith, Spencer, Font Hill and Hampstead, 7000 Smith, Esther, Cottage, 1000 Smith, Edward, Breadnut Valley, 2000 ---Same, Haughton, 1500 Stephen, Hannah, Cedar Spring, 500 Stone, Francis, Mount Pleasant, 340 Slater, Thomas, 50 Solomons, Eve, Mount Lebanon, 1500 Smith, Elizabeth, heirs of, Silent Hill, 1000 South, James, Enfield, 100 Simpson, Bernard, Chocolate Hole, 300 Simpson, Joseph R., 300 Thompson, Mary, estate of, Dettingen, 227 ---Same, Seaside Pen, 120 Taylor, Nicolas B., Pleasant Hill, 389 Taylor, John P., Pullet Hall, 600 Thompson, Alexander, Lower Prospect, 245 ---Same, Myer's Run, 300 Thompson, George, Peter

 Head, 104 Tomlinson, Susan, Penrith, 27 Townsend, Eliza, Burnt Ground, 310 Tough, James, Cheviot Hill, 502 Turner, William, Wallingford, 1032 Tibby, Stephen, Spring Garden, 89 Tomlinson, Catherine Ann, 23 Tibby, William D., Spring Garden, 15 Taylor, Edward, for R.

Drummond, 150 Taylor, Elizabeth, 40 Turner, William, for Armstrong, deceased, 1500 Thelwell, Thomas, 40 Wallace, Jane, Mount Unity, 188 Wallace, Hugh Ritchie, Biscany, 2500 Wallace, William, Denbigh, 107 Wallace, James, Cherry Hill, 114 Watt, Robert, Belmore Castle, 900 ---Same, Middlesex, 600 White, John, deceased, White Hall, 1808 White, Andrew, deceased, Oxford Estate, 2000 Wight, Robert, Mount Semple, 250 Williams, Thomas, Lower Expectation, 75 Willis, William Samuel, 66 Witter, James, Benjamin and Diana, Fairfield, 312 Wright, Nathaniel, South Valley, 115 Wheatley, Thomas, 142 Williams, Robert T., Robfield, 15 Witter, Dorothy, Carlisle &c, 150 Weller, Eliza, Shaye Cottage, 25 White, Thomas, Lovely Point, 14 Witter,

 Sarah, Frenchfield, 27 Wells, John B., Croydon, 120 Wifliams, Thomas J., Cuttacoo, 300 Witter, Thomas, 100 Watson, Robert, Harmony Hall, 3000 Wallace, John, Content late Whitehall, 150 Yewell, Thomas, 210 Omitted in the preceding pages.

Anderson, Mrs. Thomas, Brighton, 200 Coke, Thomas, Happy Grove, 29 Chisholm, Amelia, Yardly Chase, 1500 Farquharson, William, Hazel Grove, 516 Holness, William, Happy Hall, 24 Dickenson & Harman, Burnt Savanna, 1000 _______________ LIST OF PROPRIETORS AND PROPERTIES WITH THE NUMBER OF APPRENTICES As given in to the Parochial Vestries on the 28th March, 1837 COUNTY OF SURREY Atley, Stephen O., Prospect, 112 Bryan, Edmund, Bog, 239 Clachar, John S., Newport &c, 157 Cosens, George H. deceased, Shrewsbury, 263 ---Same, Twickenham, 61 Deans, John, Kinmay Grove, 61 Deans, J.

G., Egg Hill, 32 East & Steel, M., Mount Cheerful, 27 ---Same, Parkmont, 53 Gale, Wm., Stoney Hill, 32 Hearne, Phillip, Grange, 34 Hinshelwood, J. & W., Providence, 31 Johnstone, Andrew G., Anchovy Valley, 109 Jones, Arthur R., Whitehall, 123 ---Same, Passley Garden, 125 Jones, Hon. Maurice, Boston, 171 Jacobs, J. W., Rural Hall, 40 Jones, J. P., Sion Hill, 108 King, P. C., Harmony, 23 Mein, Robert, Retreat, 43 McKenzie, Alex. deceased, Berriedale, 23 Mein, W. B., Hope, 86 Orr, Bryan W. deceased, Castle Comfort, 168 Oldham, J., Golden Grove, 310 ---Same, Hermitage, 155 Purrier, Hon. John V., Fairy Hill, 166 Roper, Thos.

deceased, Darley, 62 Swire, Roger, Norwich, 144 Stewart, John, Snow Hill, 21 Sims, W. & J., Cambridge, 114 White, James C., Burlington, 147 Williams, Wm., Williamsfield, 131 Wright, Wm. deceased, Wydah, 132 Whitworth & Gilbank, Seaman's Valley, 204 Yates, J. B., Spring Garden, 117 ---Same, Friendship Hall, 121 SUGAR ESTATES IN CULTIVATION IN JAMAICA 1889-1890= Name of Estate, Owner (Attorney of Owner in Parenthesis) ST. ANDREW Mona, Louis Verley (A. J. Pine) ST. THOMAS Albion, John Grinan Amity Hall, James Harrison Belvidere, heirs of Count Freeman (E. J. Sadler) Blue Mountain, Sir William Fitzherbert (W. S. Richards) Coley, Charles Levy Duckenfield, E. T. H.

Hawkins (Richard Evans) Golden Grove, Lady Huntingtower (D. J. Davis, lessee) Hall Head, J. H. McDowell (E. J. Sadler) Hordley, James Harrison Leith Hall, E. M. Davis (D. J. Davis) Lyssons, Charles Levy (C. H. Levy) Norris, W. S. Richards Plantain Garden River, Heirs of Kelly (D. J. Davis) Serge Island, Charles Levy (C. H. Levy) ________________ PORTLAND ST. MARY Ballard’s Valley, C. L. Walker Dover, Supersansingh Gray’s Inn, T. Elmslie (Henry Braham) New Ramble, F. H. Barker Orange Hill, Hon. J. Pringle (F. G. Cohen) Trinity, Hon. J. Pringle (Rose Robinson) ST. ANN Bengal, Alex. Hopwood Cave Valley, Henry Sewell (Joseph Shearer) Drax Hall, Henry Sewell (Joseph Shearer) Greenock – John W. Anderson (William Cover) Llandovery – Heirs of White (E. J. Saddler) Orange Valley, H.

J. Blagrove (Richard Todd) Richmond – Bernal Family (E. J. Saddler) Seville – Webb & Harris Arcadia, Henry Sewell (H. S. Hoskins) Braco, C. H. Gordon (Joseph Shearer) Brampton Bryan, Dr. A. V. Proctor (J. Sime) Bryan Castle, Dr. A. V. Proctor (J. Sime) Cambridge, Elizabeth Thompson (H. S. Hoskins) Chester, Thomas Phillpotts Dundee, Hon. W. Kerr & Mrs. D. Kerr (Hon. W. Kerr) Etingdon, Hon. L. C. Shirley Fontabelle, C. H. Stewart (J. Sime) Freemans Hall, S. Whiting & Bros. Georgia, C. T. Gordon Green Park, Heirs of Atherton (George Robertson) Gales Valley, Edward M. Gale (Hon. W. Kerr) Golden Grove, Miss A. M. Jarrett (Hon. W. Kerr) Good Hope, Heirs of F. R. Coy (J. H. Bruch) Hyde Hall, Hon.

L. C. Shirley Hyde, Trustee, Henry Sewell (Joseph Shearer) Harmony Hall, G. P. Dewar Kent, Miss A. M. Jarrett (Hon. W. Kerr) Lancaster, C. H. W. Gordon (J. Shearer & A. P. Dewar) Long Pond, J. B. Sheriff (G. Robertson & J. Sime) Lottery, Henry Sewell (H. S. Hoskins) Oxford, C. M. Barrett (H. S. Hoskins) Orange Valley, W. L. & H. J. Kerr (Hon. W. Kerr) Steelfield, Trustee H. Sewell (H. S. Hoskins) Swanswick, G. R. Clarke (L. C. Shirley) Tilston, Miss A. M. Jarrett (Hon. W. Kerr) Vale Royal, Henry Sewell (H. S. Hoskins) ST. JAMES Anchovy, J. W. Parkin Belfield, A. C. Houchen (lessee) Content, William Sterling (G.

Robertson) Catherine Mount, J. W. Parkin Catherine Hall, Miss Jarrett (Hon. W. Kerr) Cinnamon Hill, George Robertson Fairfield, J. W. Parkin, lessee Friendship, C. Plunkett Hampden, Dermot Kelly (L. Booth) Hazelymph, D. Trench Copse, Heirs of R. Hind (J. W. Parkin, lessee) Chester Castle, A. E. Cooke Flint River, Heirs of R. Hind (J. W. Parkin) Golden Grove, DeB. S. Heaven Georgia, Henry Davis & Son Haughton Hall, Hawthorn $ Watson (E. J. Sadler) Kew, F. J. C. Curtis (A. C. Houchen) Mosquito Cove, L. Sanftleben & Sons Orange Cove, Jacob Jackson (Joseph Shearer) Phoenix, William Farquharson (W. S. Noad lessee) Point, D. T. Mudie Prospect, Hawthorn, Shedden & Co. (E. J. Sadler) Round Hill, Geo. F. Lawrence (Hon.

William Kerr) Riley, Henry Davis & Son Spring Valley, Hawthorn, Shedden & Co. (E. J. Sadler) Tryall, J. W. Parkin ________________ Belleisle, Heirs of Wm. Vickers (H. A. Vickers & E. J. Sadler) Blue Castle, Eustace Greig (E. J. Sadler) Blackheath, Eustace Greig (E. J. Sadler) Carawina, Mrs. E. Cooke or E. A. Sadler Charlottenburg, Anthony Charley Cornwall, Col. Lushington (E. J. Sadler) Friendship, C. W. Eves & E. J. Sadler (Edward J. Sadler) Frome, Heirs of William Vickers (H. A. Vickers & E. J. Sadler) Fort William, Heirs of Admiral Hay (E. J. Sadler) Fontabelle, Hugh A. Vickers George’s Plain, Miss Sarah Watt (Walter Wolliscroft) Glasgow, Mrs.

Helen Whitelocke (William Ewen) Grandvale, David King (Lawrence Tate) Masemure, Anthony Charley Mesopotamia, Eustace Greig (E. J. Sadler) Meylersfield, Dr. W. J. Calder Mint, Mrs. A. H. Sinclair (Dr. W. J. Calder) Mount Eagle, Mrs. Richard Burgess (Rev. H. Clarke) New Hope, Alexander Stewart (John Hudson) Retreat, W. H. and J. Farquharson Retrieve, Alexander Stewart (John Hudson) Roaring River, Heirs of Admiral Hay (Thomas Cridland) Shrewsbury, Lady S. Seymour (E. J. Sadler) ST. ELIZABETH Bogue, Foster & Co. (C. W. Treleaven) Elim, Hon. J. M. Farquharson Holland, Allport & Calder Island, Hon. W. H. Coke Y.S., P. J. Browne Amity Hall, J. W. Mitchell (Arthur James) Bog, Alfred Pawsey (Quinton Logan) Carlisle, Estate of J. M.

Gibb (Isaac Fox) Caswell Hill, Elliott & Murray Denbigh, M. E. Muirhead, Lessee (Thomas Ellis) Gibbons, J. McGregor, lessee (John McGregor) Greenwich, Hon. C. J. Ward (E. C. Elliott) Halse Hall, Hon. C. J. Ward (Isaac Fox) Hill Side, Leyden Bros. (Quintin Logan) Money Musk Hon. C. J. Ward (E. C. Elliott) Morelands, J. H. Mitchell (Quintin Logan) Parnassus, Col. W. G. Dawkins (W. Jump) Perrins, Sir William Fitzherbert (G. M. Fitzherbert) Pusey Hall , D. B. Callaghan (E. C. Elliott) Rock River, John Scully St. Jago, J. H. Mitchell (Quintin Logan) Suttons-Chesterfield, J. H. Mitchell (Quintin Logan) ST. CATHERINE Caymanas, A. Crum-Ewing (T.

Kemp) Cherry Garden, Lavinia Robinson Dove Hall, F. G. Bather Lloyds, Hon G. Stiebel (S. L. Tilley) Lodge, T. M. Martin Spring Vale, J. H. McDowell (J. R. Scarlett) Treadways – Col. W. G. Dawkins (W. Gyles) Tulloch, John H. McPhail Wakefield, J. H. McDowell (J. R. Scarlett) Worthy Park, Talbot and Carpenter (J. R. Scarlett) ========================================== COFFEE CULTIVATION IN JAMAICA 1889-1890 (50 acres or more are listed in the book. Many small settlers grew coffee, but the book just references total acreage for small settlers in each parish.) Name of Estate, Owner (Attorney of Owner in Parenthesis) ST. ANDREW Caledonia and Prospect, Rev. J. S. Roberts Charlottenburg & Union Hall, John Casserley Clifton Mount, A. R.

Hamilton (John McLean) Cold Spring, John McLean Dublin Castle, estate of Aitkin (John McLean) Flamstead, T. M. Martin Middleton, Heirs of Duke of Buckingham (Charles Levy & Co.) Mt. Lebanon, Olive Chisholm (J. A. Stephens) Newton, heirs of B. W. Davies Pleasant Hill, George Henderson Rose Hill, Rev. J. S. Roberts Silver Hill, A. R. Hamilton (John McLean) Tweedside, Alexander Berry ST. THOMAS Arntully, W. A. Sabonidiere Middleton, G. B. Massey Moy Hall, Capt. G. G. Taylor Radnor, J. Stephens Richmond Vale, G. B. Massey Sherwood Forest, John Davidson Whitfield Hall, DeB. Spencer Heaven MANCHESTER Brokenhurst, W. W. Wynne Lomax, estate of J. W. Leyden (C. J. Georges) Perrins, Sir William Fitzherbert (C. J. Georges) Seniors and Campbell Castle, William Hungerford Soho, R. B.

Braham Glendale, Quintin Logan 1900 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA BANANA AND COCOA CULTIVATION IN JAMAICA 1898-1899 (50 acres or more are listed in the book. Many small settlers grew coffee, but the book just references total acreage for small settlers in each parish.) Name of Estate, Owner (Attorney of Owner in Parenthesis) ST. THOMAS Amity Hall and Hordley – Jamaica Co. (Hon. Dr. John. Pringle, C.M.G.) Bachelors Hall – Mrs. A. C. Neyland (W. C. Groves) Cambridge and Clifton Hall – A. C. James Creighton Hall – J. H. Cox & Bro. Golden Grove and Wheelersfield – Boston Fruit Co. (L. D. Baker) Harbour Head – S. F. Noyes Morant – W. Creighton Middleton – W. F. Harrison (H. Cork) Phillipsfield – Boston Fruit Co. Potosi – Potosi Estate Co. (Henry Steer) Pleasant Hill and Unity – A. C. Neyland (W.

C. Groves) Plantain Garden and River – Boston Fruit Co. (James Dougall) Rhine – Hon. S. C. Burke (Boston Frt. Co., Lessees) Stanton – I. J. Mordecai & Co. Stokesfield – S. F. Noyes Springfield – Boston Fruit Co.(R. B. Hopkins) Winchester – Jamaica Co. (Hon. Dr. John. Pringle, C.M.G.) PORTLAND Big Spring Garden – L. D. Baker (Wm. Watson) Boston, Bound Brook, Elysium, Fellowship, Golden Vale, Hermitage, Kildare, Paradise, Prospect, Red Hazel, Seaman’s Valley, Stanton, Tom’s Hope, Unity Valley, Windsor – Boston Fruit Co., (Wm. Watson) Buff Bay River – R. L. Benbow Burlington and Greenvale – Henry Cork Caenwood – J. A. Small Hart Hill 1 – Henry A. Bolton Hart Hill 2 – A. J. Henriques Hector’s River – Hon. E. C. Hall, Comdr., R.N. Hope – M. C. Wallace Little Spring Garden – Thos.

F. Thompson Low Layton 1 – Jas. Broughton Low Layton 2 – Chas. D’Aubigny Mid Layton – J. O. Mason Mt. Vernon – G. H. Moodie Orange Vale – Herbert Walsh Windsor Castle – A. DaCosta ST. MARY Agualta Vale, Brimmer Hall, Chovy, Ellis’ Estates, Fort Stewart, Hopewell, Koningsburg, Orange Hill, Tremolesworth, Trinity – Hon. Jno. Pringle, C. M. G. (James G. Cohen) Berry Hill – Hans Olofsen Ballards Valley – Chas. L. Walker Charlottenburg – W. H. Westmorland Claremont – Henry Constantine, Robt. L. Constantine, R. A. Morris, Edward Dyer Cove – Jose A. Benjamin Crescent – Leo Geo. Silvera, Robt. A. Silvera, Est. of Geo. Silvera Cromwell – Susan E. Prendergast Eden Park – Jno. H. Philpotts Esher – H. S. Westmorland Fontabelle – Harriett D.

Simmonds and Edward Campbell(Robt. P. Simmonds) Fort George – Aug. F. G. Ellis Frontier – Est. of D. R. Clemetson (Robt. P. Simmonds and Jno. B. Goffe) Gray’s Inn – T. Elmslie (Henry Braham) Greenwood – F. D. Marshall Golden Grove – E. E. C. Hossack Harmony Hall – John Wile and Susan E. Prendergast Heywood Hall and Llanrumney – J. E. Kerr & Co. Iter Boreal – J. L. Hossack Langley , Moore Hall and Wentworth – Boston Fruit Co. Langley No. 1 – A. J. Johnson Langley No. 2 – M. E. Johnson Lambkin Hill and Russell Hall – A. E. Silvera Nonsuch – Susan E. Prendergast, Hon. Jno. Pringle, C.M.G., Henry J. Rudolph (James G. Cohen New Ramble – Leo Geo. Silvera Oxford and Rosyln– C. H. C. and C. C. F. M. Goffe Osborne – Richard L.

Benbow Pemberton Valley and Quebec – Harriet D. Simmonds (R. P. Simmonds) Preston – R. M. Cocking Spring Valley – E. M. Mais, Lessee and G. H. Powell Tryall – A. R. DaCosta Union Hill – Est. A. B. Clemetson Warwick Castle – John T. Marsh and R. T. Rigg Water Valley – Est. of Jas. Broughton (J. H. Scarlett) White Hall – Charles L. Walker ST. ANN Content – Dr. J. L. Cox Malvern Park – Edward Pratt New Ground – A. N. Dixon CLARENDON Low Ground – Lord Dudley (Horace C. Munn) Mount Industry – Est. of Jas. L. Hibbert (Hon. R. B. Braham) North Hall – David Girvan, Herbert D’Aguilar, Ann Saunders (David Girvan and Emile D’A. Saunders) Suttons – Col. W. G. Dawkins (Sidney Moxsy, lessee) Whitney – Lord Dudley (Hon. J. P. Clarke) ST. CATHERINE Blair Pen – R.

L. Rivett Bodons – John Breary Cambrians – F. Cohen Cedar Grove, Pt. of Cow Park, Pt. of Cottage, Great Salt Pond, Hayfield – Boston Fruit Co. Charlemont – Hon. Geo. McGrath Clifton and Goshen – Chas. Fulford Pt. of Congreve Park – Easton Muirhead Cooksons, Mt. Pleasant, Phoenix Park and Woodlands – W. R. Turner Pt. of Cow Park – Henry McGilchrist Craigallichie – Bishop C. Gordon Eltham Park – Thos. H. Sharpe Pt. of Farm – Lord Carrington (Hon. S. C. Burke, M. L.C.) Grange – Henry Cork Halfway Tree Pen – R. Hotchkin Hartlands – Hartlands Co., Ltd. Hawkers Hall – J. C. Lescesne New Hall – P. H. Bather New Works – F. W. Aris Parsons Pen – Hon. James Allwood Pt. of Reid’s Pen – J. E. Kerr & Co. and F. B. Kennedy Pt.

of Reid’s Pen – Reid’s Pen Syndicate Rio Magno – Henry J. Rudolf Riversdale – A. McIntosh Pt. of Rodons – Robert Hay Tamarinds, Watson Grove – Boston Fruit Co. Tulloch – John McPhail Twickenham Park – E. M. Davis Worthy Park – Hon. J. V. Calder --------------------------------------------- JAMAICA AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY No 3, Kingston Street, Kingston, Jamaica BOARD OF MANAGEMENT His Excellency Sir A. W. L. Hemming, K.C.M.G., President The Hon. J. T. Palache, M.L.C., Mandeville, Vice-President T. H. Sharp, Esq., Spanish Town, Vice President The Hon. C. J. Ward, C. M. G., Kingston, Vice-President The Hon. J. Pringle, Annotto Bay, Vice-President STAFF Fursdon, C. A.T., Esq. – Up-Park Camp Cork, H. Esq. – St. Margaret’s Bay Roxburgh, A., Esq. – Walker’s Wood Bather, F. G., Esq. – Linstead McGrath, The Hon.

G. – Ewarton Clark, The Hon. J. P. – Shooter’s Hill Ronaldson, H. T., Esq. – Milk River Murray, G. F., Esq. – Hayes Wynne, W. W., Esq. – Old England Gossett, B. S., Esq. – Hagley Gap Clarke, A. F., Esq. – Shooter’s Hill NOMINATED Archbishop of the West Indies Bishop Gordon – Kingston Allwood, The Hon. J. – Collector-General Cox, H. E., Esq. – Claremont Fawcett, W., Esq. – Director Public Gardens Cork, P. C., Esq. – Asst. Colonial Secretary Nash, G., Esq. – Mandeville Robertson, R. H., Esq. – Ramble Shore, J., Esq. – Little River Watts, F., Esq. – Kingston Heyliger-Saba SABA OF OLD ANCESTORS: BOTH PIRATE AND SLAVE HEYLIGER INFORMATION Captain Theodore Godet Heyliger was born on Saba on July 2nd, 1834 and died here on October 16th, 1907.

He married Ann Louise Simmons on January 20th, 1864. They had no children. The Heyliger family was a prominent Statia family which was among the first Dutch settlers on that island in 1630. They later branched out to Saba as well. The Godet family was among the Hugenot families who after the Edict of Nantes (1685) fled to Holland from the French city of Montbeliard. Captain Heyliger on his mothers side of the family was a grandson of old Governor Thomas Dinzey. His early career started out as most other young Sabans at the time. He sailed out with his father Captain Engel Heyliger on the Barkentine "Aries" as a cabin boy at the age of 13. Over the years he worked hard and not only became the owner of many schooners but he also owned businesses on Saba and St. Eustatius. He was a member of the Masonic Lodge. For many years he also served the government of Saba as Kings Council, and was a representative of the MacNish Sulphur Mining Company, which exploited the Sulphur mines on Saba in the past century.

The Sulphur was exported to the United States. The Heyligers were among the former leading white families who owned the town known as The Bottom. The other leading families were the Simmons, Vanterpools, Dinzeys, Darceys, Winfields, Leverocks and so on. Many of them immigrated to Barbados, Guyana, Bermuda and the United States. It has long been asserted that many Sabans of European ancestry are descended from pirates. In the West Indies during the heyday of piracy people from England, Scotland and Ireland also played a role. The Reformation made changes in England both at the religious and economic levels. As the wool business became more important than the tilling of land, serfs became redundant. England swarmed with dispossessed serfs turned vagrants who wandered about the country. England wanted some place to dispose of all these undesirables and unemployed. The West Indies was considered the best repository for these folks, where they could work with the dyestuff so essential in the wool business--indigo, cochineal, logwood. Jamaica captured under Cromwell became a sort of dumping ground for all undesirables from England.

At every turn of the political wheel the losers were also whirled out of England, many of them ending up in the West Indies. The Civil War threw out the Royalists, the Restoration threw out the Puritans, Scottish Covenanters were shipped overseas, and Monmouth's supporters, victims of Sedgemoor and the Bloody Assize, sent thousands to the West Indies. The lost cause of Bonny Dundee added more to the export, the Irish 'troubles' shipped out their tally, culminating in the aftermath of the disaster at the Boyne. The indenture system also supplied labour to the colonies for a matter of fifty years or more, until black permanent slaves kidnapped from Africa replaced them, Tens of thousands of white men, women and children were ferried across the seas and sold into a curious kind of temporary bondage on the plantations. Even young children, preferably over eight years of age, were kidnapped and sold into slavery. One of the kidnappers or 'spirits' as they called themselves, boasted he had carried away and sold an average of five hundred children a year for a period of twelve years. From the politically undesirable to criminals, all kinds were lumped together and sold by their Government into seven-year bondage.

The servants were lucky if they were not tricked into permanent indenture, and lived to survive the ordeal. They ranged in quality from politically radical intelligentsia, teachers, and professional men to the worst kind of footpad and pimp. An uneven grist for a harsh and brutal mill. Many of our ancestors came to the West Indies in this fashion. One of those who survived the ordeal calls to mind why many of our ancestors became pirates: Being now at liberty, though like unto Adam, when he was first created by the hand of his Maker--that is, naked and destitute of all human necessities, nor knowing how to get any living--I determined to enter into the wicked order of the Pirates or robbers at sea. Into this society I was received with common consent both of the superior and vulgar sort and amongst then I continued. The indenture system, as a means of stimulating emigration to the New World, lasted until indentured white servants became gradually replaced by black African slaves who proved in the long run much more satisfactory, but during the great days of piracy the indenture system was in full swing. This iniquitous program contributed directly towards piracy. The human flotsam drifting about the Caribbean after having been evicted from St.

Kitts in 1629 turned to piracy. Repeated reports speak of Saba as being an independent pirate republic having her own flag with a cabbage-palm in the corner. The 'Canadian Magazine' (1914), has the following to say: And here the rough ancestors of these Saba men hoarded their plunder unmolested, long after Teach was a mutilated corpse and Morgan a respectable Governor of Jamaica; whereas Saba was attacked by English, French, and Dutch in turn, though never subdued, till wearying of it all, they asked Holland to take them under her flag, which today with a cabbage-palm in the corner, is their national emblem. Another magazine article says: The fortunes of Saba have followed those of their neighbor Statia. The island is too small, too unfertile and too inaccessible for its inhabitants ever to have been able to subsist independently. In the old buccaneering days it can have served only as a last refuge and a safe depository for the spoils of the pirates driven there from the other islands, when the palmy times of piracy were over.

Having no vestage of a harbour, or even a safe roadstead, the buccaneers had to careen their ships, as their descendants do to this day, in the Virgin Isles, a day's sail to the North, But once landed in Saba they were safe from any attack, however well concerted. The ravine would be a veritable death-trap for an invader, defensible with ease by a few determined men lying among the rocks to each side of the narrow defile. The only other gateway to the stronghold is appropriately called "The Ladder" and consists of more than a thousand steps, steep and narrow, leading from the water, almost perpendicularly up the cliff at the western end of the crater. Scaling this rock ladder, even under the easiest of conditions, is a feat by no means easy or pleasant; and a single man at the top with two riffles could stop an army from advancing a dozen paces.

But, as if even this were not enough to render these desperadoes safe in their last resort, a circular depression at the very highest point in the island commanding an outlook on all sides has been roughly strengthened where the only track across runs near it, and testifies by its name "The Rendezvous", to its former purpose. Midway between the two towns, it was here that the last stand would have been made by the men of Bottom and Windward, English and Dutch, combined for once in the face of danger. A Commander of Saba, Edward Beaks, Jr., was dismissed in the midst of his career because of allegedly being too lenient to the pirates. By Executive Decree of 20th December 1828, Governor General Cantz'laar discharged him and appointed the author's great-great-grandfather Richard Johnson, as provisional Commander. He was 71 then, and was the eldest member of the Council of Policy.

After February 4th, 1830, upon the death of Richard Johnson who repeatedly had asked his dismissal because of 'advanced age and consequent debility', the next in line was Henry Johnson Hassell who functioned until Thomas Dinzey Winfield was appointed Commander on May 5th, 1830 and served until his death on June 10th, 1836. At that time Edward Beaks, Jr. was reinstated and served until his death in 1862. 1897, Saban Dignitaries. Back row: Edward James Simmons, Dr. Christian Pfanstiehl, Sammy Simmons, Lovelace Hassell, Engle Heyliger Simmons (Kings Councillor). Front row: Rev. J. W. Leverock (Anglican), Theodore Heyliger, Governor DeVeer, Lt. Gov. Thomas Holm. Father Mulder (Roman Catholic). In 1828, on August 13th the Caraboo, a pirate ship, was anchored off Ladder Bay. Part of the booty captured elsewhere was landed and sold.

The Caraboo had been captured off Gibraltar by a pirate ship named 'Damas Argentinas'. The Caraboo was taken to St. Eustatius and the cargo estimated at 28,000 Engl. pounds. An English Man-of-War investigating the incident discovered the 'Damas Argentinas' in the harbour of St. Eustatius. They forcefully took her to St. Kitts, hanged 21 of the pirates and released 5 because of their being minors and therefore not accountable for their deeds. The Dutch Government made an investigation into the piracy matter and as a result dismissed Edward Beaks, Jr. from the office of Commander with the provision that he could never hold public office again. However in 1837 he was reinstated after a petition by the Council and 120 citizens of Saba who were able to prove to the Dutch that Commander Beaks had been helpless to do anything about the matter. Another incident happened during the short period that my great-great-grandfather Richard Johnson was Commander. Although the historian M.D.

Teenstra, who visited Saba in 1829, describes him as a 71-year old man who had never been off the island, nevertheless, he is given credit for capturing a pirate ship anchored at Ladder Bay. According to Willie Johnson of the 'Morning Star' grocery (also great-great-grandson of Commander Richard Johnson), the commander was given a sword and a silver chalice with the inscriptions by the British Government. According to Willie it was the Caraboo that he captured. One of his grandsons, Willie's father Peter Ignatius Johnson of 'Bra', made a scraper out of the sword to clean his potatoes with (so much for history) and the silver chalice was sent to the Masonic Lodge in St. Thomas. The pirate ship in question during Commander Johnson's time was the 'Governor Dorego' from Buenos Aires under the Command of the pirate Alexander Bariteau. It had in tow the three masted Brazilian schooner the 'Libre'. This all took place in April 1829.

Commander Johnson is said to have seized both ships and turned them over to the Dutch Man-of-War the 'Valk' under the command of Commander van Es who took the pirates back for trial to Surinam. The pirate Bariteau was sentenced on September 29th, 1830, to twenty years of forced labour, his second in command Stevan Donay to 15 years. Manuel Echonis and Charles Stuart were each sentenced to 3 years, while Eugene Governou and the rest of the crew were deemed innocent and were granted their freedom. The most notorious of the former Saba pirates was Hiram Beaks, a nephew of Governor Edward Beaks, Jr. His name appears in the book of 'Who's Who in Piracy'. He operated as far away as the Mediterranean and is reported to have eventually died in a naval battle off the coast of Holland. Saban pirates were also active in the waters of nearby St. Maarten. The 'Man-Of-War Shoal' on St.

Maarten which got its name from the British Man-Of-War the 'Proselyte', which went aground there in 1802, was allegedly the scene of a shipwreck. The late Wallace B. Peterson of St. Maarten once told me that he had heard that before the 'Proselyte', a Man-Of-War in hot pursuit of a Saban pirate had been purposely led over the reef by the Sabans where it had been shipwrecked. The legacy of the pirates served us well in later years as our people continued to make a living from the sea. As St. Eustatius grew in importance, Captains from Saba served first on slaveships bringing slaves from Africa to St. Eustatius. Later on when it grew into an important commercial center, Sabans found employment as sailors and captains on locally owned as well as American schooners and served as gunrunners during the American Civil War. Sabans have also fought in South American Wars. During the revolution against Spanish authority in Latin America the great Liberator himself Simon Bolivar visited Saba and recruited a number of men who went along with him to fight for the independence of Venezuela.

From the records kept at the time we read: March, 31st, 1816, the Republican Squadron raised anchor towards the harbour of Saba where it stayed till the 26th of the following month. On November 26th, 1894, the presence of Dr. Francois Moanack, then Ambassador-at-Large to the Caribbean from Venezuela and a number of other distinguished visitors, the ceremonial unveiling of a bust of the Liberator Simon Bolivar took place on Windwardside, as a remembrance of this historic event. Our people who trace their roots back to Africa, were brought to the West Indies in large numbers after the introduction of sugar cane by the Dutch in 1640. The West Indies companies established by the various European nations involved in the slave trade had as a matter of policy the capture, importation and sale of slaves from the west coast of Africa. They were shipped to the West Indies via great fortresses on islands along the coast of West Africa. At the great slave stations in West Africa 600 to 700 slaves would be loaded naked into a slave ship. Only a third of them would survive the middle passage from Africa to St.

Eustatius, which was the second largest slave market in the world. Doctor L. Knappert in his book Geschiedenis van de Bovenwindse Eilanden in de 18e eeuw, gives a detailed description of the slave trade. It is interesting to note the various descriptions given by the Europeans to the races of Africans imported into these islands. The most sought after slaves were those who came from the interior of the Guinea coast, the 'Minache' and the 'Lowangenu' from Luanga. There were the Mandingo, considered the most intelligent, and a tribe of them called the Fulani. Very few Fulani were taken as slaves. The Fulani were known as pastoralists and warriors and superior in courage. They were tall, brown-skinned, thin-nosed and thin-lipped people. There were Coromantees from the Gold Coast and Whidahs and Fidas who were described as being very docile. Also from the Gold Coast came the Anamboes; also Asanti and Fantis of Sierra Leone who were described as being very black and very strong. The Asanti were Akan or Ture speaking people from around Central Ghana with their capital at Kumasi.

There were also reports that the blacks from the Tio Calabra and Del Rey in the Cameroons were stubborn and bad, committed suicide and caused slave rebellions. On Saba slavery was not the same as on the typical plantation islands so that as a result whites were always in the big majority throughout the slavery period. Slavery was officially abolished in the Dutch colonies on July 1st, 1863. Here on Saba, echoes of Africa persist in extended family structure and in the powerful loyalty to local communities. Elsewhere in this book there is a list of the surnames of the slaves who were freed. many former slaves moved to St. Eustatius in the hope of a better life there while the reverse is also true of those who were freed at St. Eustatius. Today many of the surnames on St Eustatius and Saba can be traced back to this original list. This was the first granting on a large scale of surnames to slaves. Before emancipation slaves were given only first names. By law it was prohibited for a manumitted slave to take the name of a Creole (white) inhabitant of the Dutch colonies.

Therefore the owner of a slave who wanted to free that slave would usually devise a similar sounding name or one of someone he knew. Many blacks on Saba have former Scottish surnames such as Wilson, Granger, Maxwell, Dunlock, Windfield, Court, Beale, Leverock etc., or Irish names such as Lynch, Barnes and so on giving yet another clue as to the origin of surnames on Saba. Others were given similar sounding names. Horton became Sorton, Dinzey became Linzey, thus establishing still existing links between families whose histories are irrevocably tied together. As in other West Indian islands there has been quite a lot of mixing of the races over the centuries. We would like to end by quoting Mr Felix Choisy, former Deputy Mayor of French St. Martin as quoted in the 'Holland Herald' magazine. What he says here about St. Maarten, to a large degree holds true for Saba: I have traced the roots of quite a few island families, and have reached the conclusion that it's a misconception that black Caribbeans are descended from African slaves only. My mother had a Spanish name, and my maternal grandmother had German and Flemish blood.

On my father's side I have ancestors from Scotland, the Balearic Islands and Portugal. My great grandmother was an Indian who was taken to St. Barthelemy by a sea captain. I think I owe my high cheekbones to her. I believe we Caribbeans are a separate ethnic group, with our own Antillean personality. The color of our skin is irrelevant. I've seen families change from black to white and vice versa in three of four generations In my research on the families of Saba, and in my own observation of life unfolding on Saba, I have reached the same conclusion as Mr. Choisy. we are a Caribbean people! The new Saba rising out of the ashes of slavery, hardship and poverty, through education, tolerance and understanding hopes to break with its centuries of isolation, to put its first timid steps into the 20th century. and to be accepted as a Caribbean island with an identity of its own among the nations of the West Indies. Hopefully this will be accomplished in this generation. If not, the next generation should consider these goals as their cause in life and their contributions to the present and future West Indian peoples. 1766 327 These inhabitants were all born on Saba.

Foreign born were 43; total: 1809 souls in 347 houses. In 1977, however, there was a total of 572 buildings and a population of approximately 1050. Water storage capacity was about five million gallons. These figures illustrate that there were fewer houses and many more persons living in each house in 1865. Many of the houses then belonging to both whites and blacks were thatch roofed. The village of Mary's Point or Palmetto Point and Middle Island have ceased to exist. A new village The Level came into existence in 1976, after completion of a road to that once isolated area. Seeing population figures for the 80 year period between 1840 and 1920, one wonders how so many people managed to survive on a mountainous five square mile island. Most people farmed several plots of land on the mountain slopes all the way from the shores of the sea to the top of the mountain. The late John William Johnson, at age 87, remembered that when he was a boy, all of Spring Bay and Giles Quarter was planted with small corn, peas, pumpkin and sweet potatoes.

Planting at different levels of the mountainsides, various crops could be harvested all year. Evidence that there was much more activity on the island with regards to animal husbandry can be taken from figures for the years 1900, 1931 and 1977.

Question: On which West Indian island was John Barnes born
Answer: Jamaica