World WarTwo in Ireland was known as the The Emergency Period Irish Medals from The Emergency Period (World War Two) & Later Years The Emergency Service Medals 1939 - 1946 (An Bonn Seirbhise Eigeandala) This medal series was instituted on the 6th October 1944 but was not issued until after the cessation of hostilities when production and issue commenced in 1947. The series has a common obverse but eleven different reverses and two ribbon types. The obverse shows a female figure representing Eire , left facing in a flowing robe and cloak. She is straining a wolfhound with her left hand and her right hand holds a long sword facing downward. above and around her is the inscription "RE NA PRAINNE" translated as " Emergency Period" The image below shows an example of both ribbon types, the common obverse and the suspension pin with the words "SEIRBHIS NIASUNTA" , national service. A bars shown were added for each additional two years service, they have the dates 1939-1946 on either end of their front.

Information Courtesy of Eamon O'Toole "Medals of the Republic of Ireland" NA FORSAI COSANTA : the defence Forces (Regular Army, Air Corps, Marine Service, etc.) The forces included some 56,000 men at its peak · AN SLUA MUIRI : the Maritime Inscription which was also part of the second line reserve. 26u CATHLAN the 26th Battalion (this battalion consisted almost entirely of ex-IRA members and was part of the 2nd Line Volunteer Force) AN FORSA COSANTA AITIUIL : the Local defence Force (regional volunteer reserve) - Note : this medal originally had the single white stripe ribbon but soon after the war this was changed to the one with the double centre stripe. it had a strength of 103,000 at its peak. · FORSA NA NOGLACH 2u LINE : the 2nd Line Volunteer Reserve consisted of infantry field engineers and medical units ,mainly of mature years who replaced the peacetime reserves who were called up for full time service.

· SEIRBHIS ALTRANAIS AN AIRM : the Army Nursing Service founded in 1922 at the formation of the state , this was one of the smallest units of the defence forces. This is the second rarest of the series. AN SEIRBHIS SEIPLINEACHTA : the Chaplaincy Service issued to the small number of uniformed clergy and some civilian officiating chaplains. The rarest of the medals. RANNA CABHAIR DEONTACA CUMANN CROISE DEIRGE NA H-EIREANN : the Volunteer Aid Division, Irish Red Cross (this organisation was mainly connected with working in support of the Armed Forces) RANNA CEAD-CABHRAC CUMANN CROISE DEIRGE NA H-EIREANN : the First Aid Division, Irish Red Cross (they were mainly connected with working among the civilian population) NA SEIRBHISE REAMHCURAIM IN AGHAIDH AER-RUATHAR : the Air Raid Precautions Organisation A civilian passive defence , rescue warden and fire service established in 1943.

NA CAOMNOIRI AITIULA : the Local Security Forces (regional police and security services) This had about 148,000 members at its peak. Unnamed Emergency Service Certificate 1939 - 1946 issued for a member of the 26th Battalion. The Merchant Marine Service Medal This medal was similar to the Emergency series above in that it was instituted on the 6th October 1944 but was not issued until after the cessation of hostilities. Its obverse is as above while its reverse shows a steamship at sea with a sailing ship just visible beyond its bow. Inscribed above is "AN TSEIRBIS MUIR-TRACTALA" translated as The Merchant Marine Service. Service Length The Military Medal for Gallantry (MMG) (An Bonn Mileata Calmachta) This medal introduced in 1944 was awarded for acts of gallantry or bravery arising out of or associated with military service and involving risks to life and limb above and beyond the call of duty. Military Medal for gallantry 1st Class or Military Medal for Gallantry "with Honor", cast in silver.

Quantity Issued: 0 Military Medal for gallantry 2nd Class or Military Medal for Gallantry "with Distinction", cast in bonze. Quantity Issued :6 Military Medal for gallantry 3rd Class or Military Medal for Gallantry "with Merit" , cast in bonze. Quantity Issued: 1 The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) (An Bonn Seirbhise Dearscna) This medal was awarded in recognition of individual or associated acts of gallantry, courage, leadership, resource or devotion to duty arising out of or services in the defence forces not meriting the award of the MMG. The Distinguished Service Medal 1st Class or The Distinguished Service Medal with Honor, cast in silver. The Distinguished Service Medal 2nd Class or The Distinguished Service Medal with Distinction, cast in bronze. The Distinguished Service Medal 3rd Class or The Distinguished Service Medal with Merit, cast in bronze.

Numbers issued up to 1989 Rationing in Ireland during World War Two Rationing in Ireland during World War Two Updated on November 21, 2016 The Irish People and Rationing during WW2 I interviewed a number of older local residents a few years back and they spoke to me about their memories of The Emergency during World War 2. They were born and reared in Stoneybatter Dublin 7 and had many stories to tell me. The Air Raid Shelters, Bombs dropping in the Phoenix Park and being in the Irish Army. Then there was The Glimmer Man, the long queues for food and fuel. Allotments in the Park and most of all the community spirit of all the people living in Stoneybatter at the time. Rations The Emergency in Ireland The Emergency in Ireland When World War Two began in 1939 Ireland declared an official State of Emergency on 2nd September 1939 The Emergency Powers Act was enacted the following day. This gave new powers to the Irish Government for the duration of World War Two. The Irish Government now had control of censorship of newspapers and all letters.

Food Sean Lemass was appointed as Minister for Supplies in September 1939. Some of the more important food stuffs that were rationed during the war in Ireland were tea, sugar, butter and flour. Bread was rationed in 1942. Clothes and Tobacco Tobacco, soap and clothing as well as shoes were other items. Each ration book had instructions and rules in both English and Irish. There were pages of numbered squares and each product required a different Ration Book. What was bought and when and in which shop had to be filled out too. The people of Ireland were lucky though because unlike Britain eggs and meat were not rationed. In fact Ireland continued to export live cattle and other meat products to Britain during World War 2 Phoenix Park Allotments The Irish Government also provided land in the Phoenix Park for allotments and a lot of people from Stoneybatter took advantage of this. It was hard for the people in the cities to get chicken, eggs and pork if they did not have a garden or an allotment. Most people had relatives in the country who posted up these necessities.

Margaret Ward in Dublin in 1941 Margaret Ward was 23 when the War started A lot of my brothers and sisters were married with their own kids. My mother, Lord rest her, would give some of our rations to them. She'd say, ' It was put in your mouths when you were young.' Most of the butter rations and any meat you got was sent around for the grandchildren. Bomb Shelters in Stoneybatter The night the bombs were dropped I had been in Chatam Row, just off George's Street in the School of Music, where my brother was a caretaker. I was walking home alone, imagine you could do that in those days. I was crossing into Blackhall Place when I heard a bang. I ran into the bomb shelter like a shot, because I had only to turn the corner and I was in. But I didn't know what it was then. The shelters were made of brick and they were all over Stoneybatter. But this was the first time I'd used it. Up to then it was the kids that would play in them all the time. Bombs in the North Strand It was Brian, my boyfriend who told me they had bombed the North Strand.

We went down to the North Strand to have a look. We didn't know any better then, I don't know what we were thinking really. I'll never forget it. All the stuff that was scattered in the trees, baby's prams, toys and clothes. I can still see it all now with the bricks everywhere. We didn't see anyone hurt thank God, no I'll never forget that night, it frightened the life out of me. Margaret Ward Panic in Stoneybatter “The Glimmer man, oh I remember the panic when he came on the scene. You were allowed to use the gas for an hour in the morning and an hour in the evening, but then it had to be turned off. Now everyone would leave the glimmer on and it gave out a tiny bit of heat, like what you'd call the pilot light these days. Well I needn't tell you the people would use this to cook a stew or boil the water. The Glimmer Man But you see it wasn’t always the same fella. If the kids saw a strange man walking about they'd come running into the houses and let us know.

The glimmer was turned off and if it was the Glimmer man then we all hoped the top of the cooker was cold by the time he got to our house. He was allowed to come into anyone's house whenever he liked. He would go over to the cooker and if it was hot, then he had the gas turned off and it could be for a long time too.” Who was The Glimmer Man By 1943 gas and electricity supplies were severely reduced. The people of Ireland only had use of their gas cookers for a few hours a day. A Government man was sent around the cities to police the use of the gas in the homes. He became known in Dublin as the Glimmer man. People tried to leave on the ‘glimmer’, the pilot light, to keep the pot of water hot for tea or a slow cooking stew. Anyone caught using it outside these hours had their gas supply cut off. No Escape Because the Glimmer man had the power to enter any house at any time to check the cookers there was no escape. When the people heard the Glimmer man was in the area they would blow out the pilot light.

But he was up to all the tricks and would usually catch a few households before the cooker had time to cool down. He would put his hand on the cooker, if it was warm the household was in trouble and the gas was cut of altogether for at least a few weeks. Kitty Joyce Kitty Joyce I remember the bomb going off in the Phoenix Park during the Second World War. There was a woman who lived in those houses opposite the Park, she had her baby that night because of the fright she got. I lived in Lower Grangegorman Road then. We'd see the planes going over at the same time every night. Our back wall was also the wall of the hospital. We'd go up there with our gas masks and stay there until we got the all clear. We felt safe there because all the hospital roofs had been painted white so that they wouldn't be bombed. Bombs in the Phoenix Park But the night they dropped the bomb in the Park, it was so close, sure we thought we were all going to die. The owner of the pub up there, Blake's, it's the Grange now, well he opened up the doors of the pub, put on the lights and gave out free beer.

We thought we were all goners and everyone was very quite and in shock. So the drinks were a relief I suppose. we got through it anyway. Christina Kiely's Mother Louise Kiely with 3 of her 12 Children Thomas Kiely joined the Irish Army during the Emergency Christina Kiely 1952 Christina Kiely My father was a corporal in the Irish army during the Second World War. He stayed in the barracks in Santry during the week and came home at the weekends. I was only young when the bomb went off in the North Strand but I remember hearing the bang bang bang and watching the lights. Of course I know now that that was our guns shooting back and the search lights looking for the planes. My father was away in the army that night. It woke us up and we all jumped into my mothers bed. We were afraid of our lives. But she gathered us around her and was messing telling us not to be silly, that it was nothing. But it seemed to go on for a while, the noise and the lights. Then she started to cry, oh that was awful seeing your mother cry and us so scared. Rationing in WW2 We had ration books for tea, butter and the sugar.

We got more sugar because there were so many people in the house but it was never enough. My mother would buy some more from this woman who didn't use it so much. Our Vegetable Garden My father would shoot rabbits in the country side around us and my mother would put them on the table and skin them, then we'd have that for our dinner. One time he brought chickens home, they were very young and he had them in a box with a bulb in it. They were kept beside the fire to keep warm for the first few weeks. The Gas was only allowed on for a few hour a day. They had a man coming around to check in the houses that we were not using the glimmer on the cooker.. Yes we had a rhyme we sang when we played skipping out in the street. It went ' Keep it boiling on the glimmer, if you don't you get no dinner'. We'd sing that going in and out of the rope. Oranges and Bananas The very first time I even saw an orange was when my brother who was working at the time bought one in town and that was after the war was over. I remember the day he brought it home all right.

Because you see rationing went on for a few years after the Emergency too. Irish Petrol Ration Card Irish Petrol Ration Card World War Two Ration Book for Petrol Rationing of petrol began almost immediately just after the start of the World War 2 in October 1939. The official allowance for ordinary people with cars was eight gallons a month up to 10 hp; 12 gallons a month for cars 10 - 16 hp. Doctors, priests and vets also received an extra allowance. For the first few years petrol was not too scarce. But by the middle of 1941 things were getting bad with many private cars off the road. By March 1942 most private cars and many trams were off the road. The trains began to use turf as an alternative energy supply. It worked well but put extra hours onto the journey. Bicycles and Horse Traps In 1942, twenty nine new barges were ordered to be used on the canals for the transportation of turf. From April 1944, the petrol ration that was still supplied to doctors living in the city was withdrawn altogether.

They had to use horse and traps to get to their patients. The priests also had to switch to this mode of transport. Mrs Keenan I was only young when the Second World War started. Butter and sugar was rationed and tea of course. But we were luckier than most people because of my father's job. He delivered to all the shops so he managed to get some stuff. Alfie Byrne was the Mayor My father knew him from way back. Alfie would have packets of tea in his pocket, paper bags with an ounce in each. When he'd meet the people in the street he'd shake their hand and give them the tea, especially the poor. My brother - in - law worked in a grocery shop and the owner got a lot of stuff from the North, so if there was anything going we usually got some. Black Bread My mother would get the flour from him and she'd make loads of bread, some for the neighbours too. You see we had to do with the black bread, well not exactly black it was more a dirty brown. We had to queue up at the butchers at eight thirty in the morning for the sausages or you got nothing.

Now you could only buy a few sausages and a couple of rashers and if they ran out then that was too bad for those at the end of the queue. A Ship was Torpedoed One day my eldest brother was sent up to Donegal during the Emergency. He was working at Clondalkin Paper Mills at the time. There was a ship torpedoed off the coast of Donegal and it was carrying pulp for the mills. He was sent up there to oversee it being taken off the ship. They could only bring a little bit off at a time because the boats they were using were so small. But all the time he was up there the fishermen would give him salmon. He's send it down here, rapped in tarragon moss and then newspaper. Whoever was coming to Dublin would give it to my mother. Now it was huge, so she'd cut it up and the neighbours would get some too. You see here in Kirwan Street anything that the people could get, it was shared amongst the neighbours, we'd get a bit too. They were that type, they all helped one another. The Bomb Shelter on Kirwin Street They had a bomb shelter right across the road from this house.

It was the most awful looking thing. It was made of concrete but if a car had banged into it, it would've been gone. They were absolutely useless and they were disgraceful looking. They'd no doors, we used them for playing in, we'd run in one side and out the other. Courting couples used them at night and then you had the drunks there too. That's all it was used for, sure if a bomb did drop you'd have been safer in the house. Leo Reid joined the Irish Army WW2 Peter and Maureen Reid Bridget Reid My husband Leo joined the Irish Army straight away as soon as the Government declared the Emergency. He was a labourer before the war but could only get casual work. For anyone that joined the army voluntarily in the beginning they got a bonus whereas those that were made go into it later didn't. He was stationed in the Curragh first and then at McKee Barracks. We had four small children then. Food Shortages A lot of the food was rationed but I was lucky because Leo could get extra tea for us when a lot of people couldn't get it in the shops.

The ration books never gave you enough food to do you for the week but sure we managed, you had to. Things were a lot worse for us before the war. Leo could only get work a few days a week mostly so money was very short. But now that he was in the army I received his wages once every two weeks. I remember in Manor Street there was a grocers; they had large barrels outside the shop. One had pigs’ heads in it, the other had the pigs' trotters, all floating in salt water. People would buy them and bring them home and boil them up. I couldn't stand to look at them, oh they made me feel sick.” The Bombings Oh, I'll never forget the night of the bombings. I was on my own in the house in Malachi Road with the children. Now the back of my house looked out onto the back of my mother's house in Harold Road. I looked out the back window and Brian, my brother was looking out his window. He asked me was I alright and I said yes, but then there was another bomb dropped. The house shook something awful, and I thought it was going to collapse in on top of us all.

My mother came running around to be with me. We all thought we were going to be killed, people were praying like anything. Mrs Hogan came into my house too because she was on her own. The dust in the house was all over the place too. That was on a Friday night, I'll never forget that. My mother brought the two eldest children to Balbriggan, just in case there were more bombs. We didn't know if this was going to happen every night from then on. The Government said it wouldn't. The Germans said it was a mistake, but the people didn't believe any of it. German Planes Before that we had got used to the planes coming over and didn't take any notice. But the next night when they came over, everyone was frightened. There were heaps of planes coming over that night. Just like blackbirds in the sky and the noise of them seemed very loud then. Everyone stopped what they were doing, but they never dropped anymore bombs on us. Brian went down to the North Strand to see it and so did an awful lot of people from around here.

Irish Army Discharge Papers of Leo Reid Peter Reid 1945, St Gabrial's School Photo St Gabriel’s School Hurling Team Hurling Final Medal 1945. Won by Peter Reid at Croke Park in Dublin Ireland Peter Reid With the shortages in fuel the Irish Government had set up The Phoenix Park in Dublin as a collection point for turf, which was used as the main fuel in Ireland during the Emergency. “This was the time of World War 2 or the Emergency as we knew it then, and there were piles of turf in the Phoenix Park, mountains and mountains of it. My grandfather was selling the turf then and he used to tell me to go down to get the dockets for it down in Belvedere Road. Can’t remember how much it was but I used to get the bus fare. St Gabriel’s School Hurling Team I played for the hurling team in St Gabriel’s school and we’d go straight up to the Phoenix Park for practice after school and most of the time it would be those days that I had to collect the dockets for the turf. Now I couldn’t refuse the grandfather or there would be murder.

I remember this day it was getting near to an important match we had and of course he wanted me to go up that day. I remember saying to myself, ‘now how am I going to manage to get back for practice in time. So what did I do, I ran all the way, I mean really ran fast, then I got the dockets and got the bus back to the Phoenix Park. I was late but got there just in time to be picked for the team. We won the Schools Hurling Championship in Croke Park in 1945 with that team.” The Irish Army I hardly saw my father in those years of the Emergency Before the war we didn't have much money because there was no work then, my father was lucky to get a few days work here and there. There's one particular day that stands out in my mind. There was nothing in the house to eat, now I mean nothing, no tea, sugar, bread; absolutely no food of any description, there wasn't even a stale piece of crust. My mother had us all going through the drawers and cupboards looking for pennies. She eventually found a trupenny bit and we were able to get something in.

Money for Food We could never afford butter and you couldn't eat the margarine, it's not like you get today, oh it would turn your stomach. We'd have bread and dripping and that was lovely, you could spread it like butter and the taste was great. When World War Two broke out my father joined the Irish Army straight away. So it was good and bad for us, I hardly saw my father for those years but he had a regular job and wages. So we had money for food, There was the Ration books and the long queues to put up with but at least we had the money to pay for it then so we were happy enough. Peter Delaney Peter Delaney When the Government declared an Emergency a lot of the men went into the Irish Army straight away. At first it was voluntary but as the war went on they had to join. I worked on the buses at the time. Some of the drivers went for the Transport Division and the conductors went for the Medical Corps. When they got out after the war their jobs were waiting for them in the Company. German Planes The planes came over every night flying low because they were heavy with the bombs. Our men would fire tracer bullets at them.

But we got used to it and never thought that one night we would be bombed. They must have been trying to get away from the bullets. They dropped the bombs so they could fly higher and away from the bullets. The Germans said it was a mistake but it happened a few times during the war. There was a bomb dropped in the South Circular Road too. The one that dropped in Wexford killed quite a lot of people and the ones in The North Strand.. Rationing in WW2 It was hard, but you just got on with it. Kathleen's father was still alive then and he was a chauffeur in Kildare. He'd bring us up food from there. My five children were all born by the end of the war. Even though everything was rationed, we seemed to be able to manage. .Also my mother would get the flour from her parents. She'd collect it from the train station and make the bread. Vegetable Plots in the Phoenix Park I also had a vegetable plot. They had the Polo Ground dug up in the Park. A lot of people in the Buildings rented a plot. I grew the vegetables and loads of potatoes.

There were also plots over there where O'Devaney Gardens is now. That's how we managed, we were able to keep going and feed the family. Irish Sugar Ration Book 1918 First World War The End of the Emergency in Ireland 1945 saw the end of World War 2. The Emergency Powers Act was repealed on 2nd September 1946. Even though World War Two ended in 1945 it was another six years before rationing came to an end in Ireland on December 17th 1951. Bad Weather That summer of 1945 Ireland had experienced a tremendous amount of rain It had all but destroyed the wheat harvest. Bread was once again rationed in Ireland. Unfortunately this was followed by one of the severest winters in Irish history. There was even more demand for fuel and many factories were on short time because they could not use the machinery. The people of Ireland were suffering badly from the extreme cold and had to queue up for hours at a time when they heard of turf being delivered in their area. Christina Kiely - We all thought it was great when World War Two was over but oh we had a terrible winter then.

My mother had to break up anything that would burn. At one time we all had to live in the front bedroom because we couldn't use the rest of the house, it was just too cold. We had to queue up for the turf all day in Dorset Street in Dublin. When we got word that a load of turf had come in then either me or my mother would take turns standing in the queue. A couple of hours at a time we'd have to do. I can't remember how we got it home though. It was aul wet stuff too, but it was better than nothing. The boys would spend a lot of time in the woods gathering the sticks, we'd burn anything, old shoes were always good. Rationing in WW2 and The Community of Stoneybatter Local people still have vivid memories of long queues, food shortages, ration books and bombs during The Emergency in Ireland. But the years of World War Two also evoke fond memories of family togetherness and kindness from neighbours. Getting Through the Emergency Years Mrs Keenan - My granny would say, ‘Now the one thing I can always say is that during the Emergency there was all these shortages in Ireland but we never suffered badly from rationing here in Kirwan Street.

She was right too all the neighbours stuck together. So when one of us got something extra we all did. It was like that here then during the war and anywhere else in Stoneybatter too. Peter Delaney - We were able to keep going, we managed to get the food from here and there. Sure it was grand, we got through it. Kitty Joyce - It was a hard time during the war with all that was going on for us but you had to manage it and we did. All Images are the copyright of L.M.Reid More by this Author Margaret Aylward was a nun who spent 6 months in Grangegorman Female Prison in Dublin Ireland. History of Baby Farms were thousands of babies died 33 1916 Easter Rising, Irish War of Independence. Black and Tans. 1920's Ireland was occupied by British Troops 6 Chapters 22 to 26 - History 1302 with Ballard-smith at Houston Community College - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again.

Chapters 22 to 26 Last Modified: 2013-04-17 Size: 143 Views: 3166 Germany's sinking of which of the following ships in 1915 cost 128 U.S. lives and enraged the U.S. public? a. Sussex d. Lusitania Japanese Which of the following statements regarding U.S. participation in World War I is false? a. The United States chose not to use an all-volunteer system for raising troops in World War I, instead opting to implement the draft. b. The U.S. government turned to war bonds to help finance the war. c. The army's inexpensive life insurance program created a great interest in life insurance policies after the war ended. d. There were fewer than 1,000 draft-dodgers or slackers during the war who evaded the draft. e. All of these statements are accurate. d. There were fewer than 1,000 draft-dodgers or slackers during the war who evaded the draft. Advertisement ) Who was the leader of Mexican forces that raided U.S. borders in the years before World War I?

a. Francisco Madera e. Miguel Hidalgo d. Pancho Villa Which of the following statements concerning Margaret Sanger's campaign to educate women about birth control is true? a. She coined the term birth control. b. She founded a clinic to distribute information about contraception. c. She spoke publicly to women to inform them about birth control methods. d. She organized the Birth Control League. e. All of these To persuade the Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, President Wilson agreed to a. add prominent Republicans to his cabinet. b. go on a national speaking tour to influence public opinion. c. accept the treaty without the United States joining the League of Nations. d. increase German reparations. e. force the British to repay wartime loans from U.S. banks. b. go on a national speaking tour to influence public opinion. By 1927, there were approximately how many cars on U.S. roads? a. 1 million Which of the following statements regarding the Harlem Renaissance is true? a. It reached its peak in 1920. b. The movement was discouraged by the NAACP. c. It did little to alter the segregationist laws and customs throughout the United States.

d. The intellectual center for the movement was Chicago. e. Its artistic merit was questionable. c. It did little to alter the segregationist laws and customs throughout the United States. Which of the following African Americans made a significant contribution to the Harlem Renaissance? a. Marcus Garvey Who served as President Warren Harding's secretary of state? a. Charles Evans Hughes Popular pastimes during the Great Depression included all of the following except a. going to the movies. b. watching television. c. listening to Amos 'n' Andy. d. listening to swing music played by jazz bands. e. following the radio toils and tribulations of One Man's Family. b. watching television. As the election of 1932 approached, Americans experienced which of the following? a. Their taxes were slashed in an effort to increase purchasing power. b. The Norris-LaGuardia Act was passed, placing additional restrictions on labor unions. c. A renewed sense of optimism emerged, as they listened to the concrete ideas proposed by Franklin Roosevelt. d. Veterans marched on Washington and demanded a bonus promised to them by the government but not yet due. e. Their bleak economic situation eased slightly. d.

Veterans marched on Washington and demanded a bonus promised to them by the government but not yet due. Herbert Hoover held which of the following cabinet positions before becoming president? a. Secretary of state c. Secretary of the interior d. Secretary of commerce e. Attorney general d. Secretary of commerce Which of the following statements regarding the Bonus March of 1932 is true? a. Veterans who camped in makeshift dwellings across the Anacostia River from downtown Washington, D.C., received strong public support from the Hoover administration. b. When some veterans occupied government buildings, the secretary of war forcibly ousted them, resulting in the loss of two dozen lives. c. Before the congressional session ended for the summer, Congress appropriated funds to go ahead and pay the bonus early. d. Under the leadership of Douglas MacArthur, troops razed the camps of the bonus marchers in Anacostia Flats. e. Under the leadership of Douglas... d. Under the leadership of Douglas MacArthur, troops razed the camps of the bonus marchers in Anacostia Flats. Which of the following was not a cause of the Great Depression in the United States? a. Stock market speculation b. Unequal distribution of wealth c.

Agricultural overproduction e. U.S. greed d. FDR's banking policies Which New Deal program was responsible for building the Golden Gate Bridge, Hoover Dam, and Boulder Dam? a. WPA c. PWA Advertisement What British prime minister met with Hitler and proclaimed that he and others had achieved "peace in our time"? a. Winston Churchill Roosevelt's immediate response to the banking crisis included all of the following except a. proposing an emergency banking act. b. declaring a bank holiday, which closed banks for four days. c. calling for government ownership of the banks. d. assuring Americans by radio that they could entrust their money to any banks allowed to reopen. e. demonstrating that his primary mission was to preserve capitalism. c. calling for government ownership of the banks. All of the following were critics of the New Deal except a. Frances Townsend. e. All of these were New Deal critics. d. Harry Hopkins. What was the name of FDR's proposal for the United States to provide war materiel to the Allies in Europe? a. Weapons for Allies Approximately how many soldiers and civilians died in World War II? a. 1 million Zoot suits were the preferred attire of a.

women defense workers in the South. b. black workers in Detroit. c. young Mexican Americans in California. d. returning servicemen. e. teenagers in New York City. c. young Mexican Americans in California. Which of the following statements does not accurately describe the war in the Pacific? a. U.S. victories at Coral Sea and Midway shattered the illusion of Japan's invincibility. b. The United States adopted a two-pronged attack, which would culminate in a final attack on Japan itself. c. After securing Guadalcanal, Americans began leapfrogging islands to move on Japan. d. Kamikaze attacks did little damage to the U.S. fleet, but they did frighten U.S. military personnel. e. All of these statements are accurate. d. Kamikaze attacks did little damage to the U.S. fleet, but they did frighten U.S. military personnel. Which of the following statements regarding the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II is false? a. Several incidents of Japanese espionage, including some carried out by Japanese Americans, convinced FDR to resort to the internment option. b. J.

Edgar Hoover didn't believe Japanese Americans were a threat to U.S. security. c. Internment camps were set up in western states and in Arkansas. d. The Supreme Court refused to intervene in the matter. e. FDR preferred a voluntary removal, but he bowed to public pressure and signed Executive Order 9102. a. Several incidents of Japanese espionage, including some carried out by Japanese Americans, convinced FDR to resort to the internment option. The National War Labor Board, headed by former president William Howard Taft, established a. minimum wages. Which of the following statements regarding post-World War I U.S. society is true? a. The largest strikes occurred in the railroad industry. b. Unemployment dropped because women eager to leave the work force gave their positions to returning veterans. c. The cost of living skyrocketed in 1919 and 1920. d. Wartime price controls remained in effect, holding down inflation. e. Racial tensions throughout the nation ended. c. The cost of living skyrocketed in 1919 and 1920. Which of the following statements regarding wartime reform efforts is false? a.

Women's suffrage supporters began to push for a constitutional amendment, feeling that they would never get all states to allow women to vote. b. Because several states began to adopt prohibition at the state level, the drys decided to stop insisting on a constitutional amendment. c. Some Americans lobbied for immigration restrictions, despite the fact that immigration from eastern European countries was halted during the war. d. Wilson nominated the first Jew, Louis Brandeis, to the Supreme Court. e. When Congress passed an immigration restriction law that contained a literacy test, Wilson vetoed it. b. Because several states began to adopt prohibition at the state level, the drys decided to stop insisting on a constitutional amendment. Which of the following was a major goal of President Wilson at the Versailles peace talks at the end of World War I? a. To found a League of Nations to enforce peace b. To punish Germany for starting the war c. To gain repayment for the British and French for their great losses d. To bring the Russians to the peace table e. To disarm all European nations a. To found a League of Nations to enforce peace Which of the following assessments of the U.S. contribution during World War I is most accurate? a.

It was rather minor compared to that of the European Allies. b. Although small compared to those of the European Allies, it was vital to success in the war. c. It played a minor role in ending the war. d. It was much greater than that of the European Allies. e. It played no role whatsoever in the course of events during the war, nor in the final outcome of the conflict. b. Although small compared to those of the European Allies, it was vital to success in the war. What was the first national radio network in the United States? a. CBS c. consumer products. Which of the following statements regarding the new black militancy of the 1920s is false? a. Following the race riots after World War I and their sacrifices during the war, African Americans adopted a more militant stance against injustice. b. African American protests and rallies were held exclusively in the South, where discrimination remained strong. c. Marcus Garvey developed an association to establish societies not controlled by imperialist nations. d. Marcus Garvey went to prison when black opponents incriminated him in illegal activities. e. Even in New York City, African Americans suffered from discrimination. b.

African American protests and rallies were held exclusively in the South, where discrimination remained strong. Charles Lindbergh gained fame in 1927 by flying his plane, which he named The Spirit of St. Louis, in a solo flight between a. New York City and Los Angeles. b. New York City and Paris. c. Los Angeles and Tokyo. d. St. Louis and London. e. St. Louis and Paris. b. New York City and Paris. Because of midterm election gains by the Democrats, who became the new Speaker of the House in 1931? a. Lyndon B. Johnson Which of the following statements does not accurately describe Franklin D. Roosevelt? a. He had great rapport with all kinds of Americans, despite his privileged background. b. He relished the use of power. c. His courage in the face of his bout with polio had impressed many. d. He had no use for college professors and other intellectual elites, feeling they were out of touch with the average American. e. He and his wife Eleanor had a marriage that was for partnership and convenience as much as it was a real marriage. d.

He had no use for college professors and other intellectual elites, feeling they were out of touch with the average American. Which of the following events took place between Hoover's defeat and Roosevelt's inauguration? a. The governors of ten states faced riots in their major cities. b. Farmers marched on Washington to protest the very low crop prices. c. Henry Ford shut down several of his manufacturing facilities. d. The nation's banks began to close their doors. d. The nation's banks began to close their doors. What was the new union protest strategy used by strikers at the General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan? a. Sit-down strike e. Potsdam d. Yalta Which of the following statements regarding the D-Day invasion of France on the beaches at Normandy is true? a. It was known as Operation Overlord. b. It was commanded by Douglas MacArthur. c. It took almost a year to reach and liberate Paris. d. It was launched in June 1943. e. All of these a. It was known as Operation Overlord. After what event did the Japanese government finally begin to discuss acceptance of surrender terms? a. The Battle of Iwo Jima b.

The dropping of unconditional surrender as a prerequisite to peace c. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki d. The threatened invasion of Japan by Soviet and U.S. forces e. The death of Emperor Hirohito c. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Of the following actions taken by President Woodrow Wilson, which one came last during his tenure in office? a. Wilson obtained a German apology and indemnity for Americans who died on the Lusitania. b. Wilson obtained the Sussex Pledge from the Germans. c. Wilson appointed Louis Brandeis to the Supreme Court. d. Wilson delivered a speech that called for a "peace without victory" in the war. d. Wilson delivered a speech that called for a "peace without victory" in the war. Which of the following was false about the movie industry in the early 1900s? a. Stars such as Charlie Chaplin made huge sums of money. b. Mary Pickford became known as America's sweetheart. c. Movie theaters that could seat as many as 5,000 people were constructed. d. The overwhelming majority of movie viewers still lived in rural areas. e. A few large studios controlled the production and distribution of movies. d.

The overwhelming majority of movie viewers still lived in rural areas. Which of the following was not a characteristic of the Red Scare in the United States? a. The American public was frightened by the radicals' use of violence and terrorism, especially after several mail bombs exploded. b. Attorney General Palmer launched raids on suspected radicals and deported 300 to the Soviet Union. c. The Supreme Court ruled that the laws restricting civil liberties were unconstitutional. d. Socialists were expelled from the New York legislature. e. The attorney general established a division within the Justice Department to hunt for radicals. c. The Supreme Court ruled that the laws restricting civil liberties were unconstitutional. What was President Wilson's initial reaction to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914? a. To declare war on Germany b. To come to the military assistance of Russia c. To condemn the assassination of the archduke of Russia d. To declare U.S. neutrality e. To travel to Europe to try to negotiate a ceasefire d. To declare U.S. neutrality The Scopes trial brought what organization to prominence? a. The Ku Klux Klan b. The American Civil Liberties Union c. The National Rifle Association d.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union e. The America First Commission b. The American Civil Liberties Union The situation for women in the 1920s changed in which of the following ways? a. After women got the vote, a cohesive bloc of women voters developed. b. Women united behind an equal rights amendment. c. Some women entered politics, but they were successful only at the local level. d. Although a greater percentage of the work force consisted of women, most were concentrated in a small number of occupations. e. All of these d. Although a greater percentage of the work force consisted of women, most were concentrated in a small number of occupations. By the 1920s, about one-third of the female work force was employed in a. the health industry. In his speech accepting the Democratic nomination for president, Roosevelt pledged a. his full support for a sophisticated welfare program. b. that the United States would build up its military forces in preparation for another war. c. a "new deal" for all Americans. d. that he would always put "America first." e. to undo the policies of the Hoover administration. c. a "new deal" for all Americans.

The Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrated that a. the U.S. army was in no position to stop the Japanese. b. no European country was ready to start an economic boycott against Japan in the midst of a depression. c. the League of Nations was not powerful enough to enforce its will when called on to do so. d. the Japanese were eager to challenge the existing order and create political and economic supremacy in the Pasific. e. All of these e. All of these Where and what was the greatest test for the U.S. good neighbor policy? a. In Panama, where the two countries reached an agreement about control of the Panama Canal b. In Cuba, where recognition of Batista led to an agreement about the naval base at Guantanamo Bay c. In Haiti, where Roosevelt recalled several hundred U.S. troops from the island d. In Mexico, where the Roosevelt administration convinced Mexico to compensate U.S. companies after they nationalized certain industries e. In Europe, where Hitler was extending his influence beyond Germany's borders d. In Mexico, where the Roosevelt administration convinced Mexico to compensate U.S. companies after they nationalized certain industries Which of the following events took place in 1934? a.

The CIA assisted the Cubans in bringing the Batista government to power. b. The president of Mexico declared that he was nationalizing the properties of all foreign (including U.S.) companies. c. The American Liberty League was formed. d. All of these e. All of these were included in the Fourteen Points. d. disarmament. What was included in the Zimmerman telegram? a. An announcement of Germany's European war aims b. A pledge by Germany to end the war within the year c. A proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico d. Plans for a top-secret bomb that could turn the tide of the war in favor of Germany e. None of these c. A proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico The Sussex Pledge a. renounced U.S. pledged bank loans to the Allies. b. forced Germany to pledge not to sink merchant ships without warning. c. pledged U.S. support to enforce the prohibition of submarines in international waters. d. pledged U.S. support to Great Britain in the event of war. e. called on all democratic nations to join together in a pledge to fight against totalitarianism. b. forced Germany to pledge not to sink merchant ships without warning.

General Motors overtook Ford as the 1920s progressed in part because a. Ford cars were more expensive. b. Ford refused to sell his cars on the installment plan. c. General Motors offered a variety of cars, which led to repeat customers. d. General Motors cars were of higher quality. e. All of these c. General Motors offered a variety of cars, which led to repeat customers. By the 1920s, which of the following become a national sport? a. Baseball b. Football c. Boxing d. Tennis e. Wrestling a. Baseball Which of the following was false for American youth during the 1920s? a. The prevalent consumer culture made it difficult for parents to determine what their children should read or think. b. Colleges opened their doors to more minorities and Jews. c. More Americans attended high school than ever before. d. Adolescence became a distinct phase of life. e. The percentage of young people attending high school increased. b. Colleges opened their doors to more minorities and Jews. Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt opt to campaign vigorously in 1932? a.

He wanted to prove that he was physically fit for the presidency. b. Eleanor convinced him that it was the only way to win. c. His personality could not handle a defensive campaign. d. With Hoover on the campaign trail, he really had no choice. e. He feared that the tide might turn toward Hoover if he did not keep himself in public view. a. He wanted to prove that he was physically fit for the presidency. By 1931, how many Americans were unemployed? a. 8 million b. 2 million c. 10 million d. 50 million e. 30 million a. 8 million Which of the following was not a cause of the Great Depression in the United States? a. Stock market speculation b. Unequal distribution of wealth c. Agricultural overproduction d. FDR's banking policies e. U.S. greed d. FDR's banking policies What New Deal agency hired young men to clear beaches, build wildlife shelters, stock rivers and streams, and fight fires? a. Tennessee Valley Authority b. Civilian Conservation Corps c. Public Works Administration d. Works Progress Administration e. Federal Emergency Relief Administration b.

Civilian Conservation Corps What New Deal legislative initiative created a national pension fund, an unemployment insurance system, and public assistance programs for various disadvantaged groups in U.S. society? a. Wagner Act b. Revenue Act of 1935 c. Federal Emergency Relief Act d. Social Security Act e. None of these d. Social Security Act Which of the following statements concerning labor unions during the 1930s is true? a. FDR was always a strong supporter of organized labor. b. When NRA, Section 7a was struck down by the Supreme Court, the Hopkins Act, which created the NLRB, was passed. c. The American Federation of Labor demonstrated great interest in organizing industrial unions. d. FDR was often uncomfortable with the tactics of some labor leaders, such as John L. Lewis. e. All of these statements are accurate. d. FDR was often uncomfortable with the tactics of some labor leaders, such as John L. Lewis. What FDR New Deal initiative drew the most opposition from the American people? a. His plan to nationalize the banks. b. His proposal to end Social Security. c. His plan to enlarge the Supreme Court. d.

His decision to run for a fourth term. e. His introduction of the draft for American men, ages 18 to 25, to join the war effort in Europe. c. His plan to enlarge the Supreme Court. Which of the following took place in the aftermath of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor? a. Germany declared war on the United States. b. The United States declared war on Japan. c. Americans finally turned their backs on neutrality. d. Italy declared war on the United States. e. All of these e. All of these Which of the following statements regarding the evolving nature and manifestation of the debate between the United States and its allies over the correct strategies for fighting the war is false? a. The British wanted to strike at the "soft underbelly" of the Axis in North Africa and the Mediterranean. b. The Russians wanted an immediate attack in Europe to relieve the pressure of a German attack on their own soil. c. Submarines were sinking so much shipping that it was unclear whether the United States could send troops across any ocean to relieve the Allies. d. After clearing North Africa, the Americans and the British bypassed the Mediterranean to prepare for a cross-channel invasion. e.

The campaign to liberate Italy began in 1943 with an invasion of Sicily. c. Submarines were sinking so much shipping that it was unclear whether the United States could send troops across any ocean to relieve the Allies. Which of the following statements regarding wartime production is true? a. The gross national product tripled in five years. b. Cost-plus contracts guaranteed a profit to companies working on government projects. c. One of the largest new factories was Henry Ford's Willow Run, which built tanks. d. The government grew very concerned that businessmen were making excessive profits at a time when Americans were doing without. e. All of these statements are true. b. Cost-plus contracts guaranteed a profit to companies working on government projects. The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 was supported by a. FDR. b. Henry Ford. c. Charles Lindbergh. d. America First Committee. e. All of these a. FDR. Which of the following did not result from the Great Migration of blacks in the 1920s? a. Blacks found they sometimes were able to work in jobs that had been closed to them in the South. b.

African American consciousness was raised, providing feelings of greater autonomy and power. c. A great flowering of African American culture occurred in the North. d. Blacks had available to them for the first time housing comparable to that of whites in the North. e. More than 600,000 blacks left the South between 1914 and 1920. d. Blacks had available to them for the first time housing comparable to that of whites in the North. Which of the following events did not take place during 1914? a. World War I began in Europe. b. Charlie Chaplin made his first film appearance. c. Margaret Sanger coined the term birth control. d. Congress implemented the Selective Service Act. d. Congress implemented the Selective Service Act. In 1927, Henry Ford finally regained a share of the automobile market from General Motors when he a. offered cars in different styles. b. advertised extensively. c. offered cars for sale on credit. d. All of these d. All of these Who was the Democratic candidate for president in the 1924 election? a. John W. Davis b. Robert M.

LaFollette c. William G. McAdoo d. Woodrow Wilson, Jr. e. Al Smith a. John W. Davis One sign of the coming economic problems was a weakening in the market for new cars and new houses, beginning in a. 1924. d. 1929. c. 1927. Which of the following statements is true about the depression era? a. In 1930, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff raised tariffs to extremely high levels. b. The State Department renounced the Roosevelt Corollary in 1933. c. The United States reduced the burden of debts on Germany in 1927. d. By 1931, the unemployment figure in the United States stood at roughly 25 percent. a. In 1930, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff raised tariffs to extremely high levels. Which of the following events took place in 1931? a. Hitler became chancellor of Germany. b. Japan invaded Manchuria. d. Germany withdrew from the League of Nations. b. Japan invaded Manchuria. What was one of FDR's first foreign policy initiatives?

a. Issuance of sanctions against the Germans and Hitler b. Embargo of the Japanese islands c. Formal recognition of the Communist government of the Soviet Union d. Signing of a mutual assistance treaty with Britain and France e. Rejection of the (Theodore) Roosevelt Corollary c. Formal recognition of the Communist government of the Soviet Union Which of the following statements regarding the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) is false? a. It was FDR's second relief measure. b. The program was so successful that it lasted for ten years. c. Most money went to people as a form of direct relief rather than payment for labor. d. It was headed by Harry Hopkins. e. It had a budget of $500 million. b. The program was so successful that it lasted for ten years. Approximately how many African Americans served in the army during World War II? a. 100,000 b. 200,000 c. 500,000 d. 1 million e. 2 million c. 500,000 Which of the following statements regarding the proceedings at Yalta is true? a.

The Russians agreed to enter the Pacific war in return for territorial concessions in the Far East. b. Churchill demanded huge reparations from Germany. c. The British and the Americans agreed to form the United Nations, but the Soviet Union refused to become a member. d. The British claimed a moral interest in the Baltic States, asserting that Soviet domination there would violate the spirit of the Atlantic Charter. e. Stalin refused to discuss free elections for Europe's peoples. a. The Russians agreed to enter the Pacific war in return for territorial concessions in the Far East. The largest group of immigrants to the United States after 1924 came from a. Scotland. e. Ireland. b. Mexico. Which of the following events took place in 1922? a. Marcus Garvey immigrated to the United States. b. Congress passed an emergency quota law limiting immigration from Europe to 600,000 annually. c. The Ku Klux Klan elected a member to the U.S. Senate from Texas. d. Immigration to the United States was tied proportionally to the 1890 census. c. The Ku Klux Klan elected a member to the U.S. Senate from Texas.

During the presidential campaign of 1932, Hoover a. announced that he had been unfeeling in his attitude toward the depression. b. conducted an upbeat, optimistic campaign. c. announced his strong support for public relief efforts. d. was haunted by the public's perception of his role in the depression. e. chose not to seek reelection. d. was haunted by the public's perception of his role in the depression. Which of the following actions did Franklin Roosevelt take first shortly after his inauguration? a. He declared a bank holiday. b. He proposed the Civilian Conservation Corps. c. He established the goal of achieving parity for farmers. d. He authorized payment of the World War I veterans' bonus. a. He declared a bank holiday. African Americans began to vote for the Democrats during this period for all of the following reasons except a. the WPA gave African Americans jobs in northern cities, while the PWA built black schools and hospitals. b. African Americans liked the New Deal because it gave jobs and assistance to Americans regardless of race. c. African Americans admired the efforts of Eleanor Roosevelt, who visited black colleges and socialized with black women during an age of segregation. d.

at the urging of the first lady, FDR drafted and pushed through Congress the first major civil rights bill since Reconstruction. e. Mary McLeod Bethune, a prominent African American, was named by FDR to head the NYA's Office of Negro Affairs. d. at the urging of the first lady, FDR drafted and pushed through Congress the first major civil rights bill since Reconstruction. Which of the following New Deal programs was implemented last? a. Agricultural Adjustment Act b. Civilian Conservation Corps c. Securities and Exchange Act d. National Labor Relations Act d. National Labor Relations Act An amendment calling for which of the following went into effect in 1919? a. Women's suffrage b. Prohibition c. An income tax d. Direct election of senators d. Direct election of senators Which of the following was not a development during the Coolidge administration? a. Taxes were cut, mostly for the affluent. b. Government encouraged U.S. business to invest around the world. c. Dwight Morrow negotiated an agreement with Mexico to protect U.S. oil companies from further expropriation. d. The Dawes Plan eliminated the reparations Germany was supposed to pay to Britain and France. e.

The banking industry continued to expand credit. d. The Dawes Plan eliminated the reparations Germany was supposed to pay to Britain and France. The McNary-Haugen Plan dealt with problems in a. the steel industry. e. farming. e. farming. Which of the following statements regarding the interim period between FDR's election and his taking the oath of office is true? a. The period of time was four months in length. b. The period of time illustrated the need for the Twentieth Amendment. c. During this period, the Great Depression reached its lowest point. d. During this period, Roosevelt dodged Hoover's efforts to obtain his backing. e. All of these e. All of these Which of the following statements does not accurately describe how the Great Depression affected Americans? a. Tens of thousands of Mexicans were deported, and many others fled the United States. b. African Americans encountered violence from whites when unemployed whites wanted their jobs. c. Married women were favored to keep their jobs, mostly because they would work for lower wages. d. Native Americans continued to suffer from a legacy of neglect that had endured for decades. e. All of these accurately describe how the Great Depression affected Americans. c.

Married women were favored to keep their jobs, mostly because they would work for lower wages. For Americans, what was the most bitter loss during the war in the Pacific? a. U.S. forces lost the Battle of Midway, thereby lengthening the war considerably. b. General Douglas MacArthur was forced to pull his troops out of the Philippines, leaving some Americans behind. c. Three thousand Americans were lost at the Battle of the Coral Sea. d. The Japanese returned to Pearl Harbor and bombed oil depots and repair facilities. e. None of these b. General Douglas MacArthur was forced to pull his troops out of the Philippines, leaving some Americans behind. Which of the following statements regarding the fall of the Philippines is false? a. The defenders retreated to Bataan Peninsula and held out for six months. b. Roosevelt ordered MacArthur to slip out of the Philippines. c. When the defenders surrendered, the Japanese brutalized them on the Bataan Death March. d. The fall of the Philippines deeply divided U.S. public opinion, which now began to question openly whether the country should be at war. e. The last stand for U.S. troops in the Philippines was at Corregidor. d.

The fall of the Philippines deeply divided U.S. public opinion, which now began to question openly whether the country should be at war. The worst racial violence of World War II took place in what U.S. city? a. Los Angeles b. Seattle c. Atlanta d. Philadelphia e. Detroit e. Detroit What was the most important achievement for women during World War I? a. Recognition for their efforts in the military b. Winning the right of suffrage c. Better paying jobs that lasted once the war ended d. Growing acceptance in the professional fields e. The legalization of abortion b. Winning the right of suffrage Who was the leader of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I? a. Dwight Eisenhower c. John J. Pershing Who were the bonus marchers, who entered the national stage in 1932? a. World War I veterans who marched on Washington to lobby for immediate cash payments of their veterans' bonuses b. Farmers who threatened to dump milk and other agricultural products if they did not receive a government bonus for not producing farm surpluses c. Trade unionists who marched on Washington when industrialists refused to pay the bonuses stipulated in union contracts d.

Young people who marched in the Civilian Conservation Corps for an environmental bonus of free public land after their term of service ended e. None of these a. World War I veterans who marched on Washington to lobby for immediate cash payments of their veterans' bonuses As inauguration day approached for Roosevelt, most Americans a. became more confident about the future. b. became more apprehensive about the future. c. decided to leave their money in banks until they could see what the new president would do. d. wrote letters wishing him well. e. felt a sense of relief that at least Hoover would be gone. b. became more apprehensive about the future. Which of the following most accurately describes the presidential style of FDR? a. He was willing to experiment. b. He surrounded himself with men and women of talent and wide-ranging progressive views. c. He had compassion for those who were so terribly hurt by the Great Depression. d. All of these e. None of these d. All of these All of the following serve as examples of how the New Deal began to lose momentum over time except a. FDR cut back on federal spending and the United States slipped into a recession. b.

Congress became more combative, especially after Republicans and conservative Democrats made gains in the 1938 elections. c. some people grew bored of hearing about the poor and unemployed and withdrew their full support from Roosevelt. d. The German attack on the Suez Canal turned Roosevelt's attention toward foreign policy and away from domestic matters. e. All of these are examples of the New Deal's decline. d. The German attack on the Suez Canal turned Roosevelt's attention toward foreign policy and away from domestic matters. Which act provided for heavy fines and up to twenty years in prison for obstructing the war effort? a. The Sedition Act b. The American Protection Act c. The Espionage Act d. The Selective Service Act e. The Alien Act c. The Espionage Act Which of the following was false about the movie industry in the early 1900s? a. Stars such as Charlie Chaplin made huge sums of money. b. Mary Pickford became known as America's sweetheart. c. Movie theaters that could seat as many as 5,000 people were constructed. d. The overwhelming majority of movie viewers still lived in rural areas. e. A few large studios controlled the production and distribution of movies. d.

The overwhelming majority of movie viewers still lived in rural areas. What was the new name given to the movement to reaffirm the literal truth of the Bible? a. Creationism b. Literalism c. Humanism d. Socialism e. Fundamentalism e. Fundamentalism In which election did the Democrats come out in support of the repeal of prohibition? a. 1930 b. 1932 c. 1934 d. 1936 b. 1932 Who proposed a government pension of $200 monthly for everyone over sixty years of age? a. Frances Townsend e. Harry Hopkins a. Frances Townsend Executive Order 8802 called for a. child labor protection. b. working rights for blacks. c. regulation of farm wages. d. reinstitution of the draft. e. None of these b. working rights for blacks. Which of the following most accurately describes the impact of the stock market crash? a. The wealthy, having a greater amount of wealth to lose, were more severely damaged by the crash. b. The gross national product declined by 25 percent. c. It wiped out many investors who had been betting on the economic boom to last forever.

d. There was a mass exodus of money from the United States to safer havens in Europe. e. The gross national product dropped by about 50 percent. c. It wiped out many investors who had been betting on the economic boom to last forever. In early 1938, the Nazis took a fatal step when they a. declared war on France. b. sent the first Jews to Buchenwald. c. invaded Poland. F. Scott Fitzgerald used the title character of The Great Gatsby to illustrate the a. inability of Americans to escape the burdens of their own past. b. amazing success story of which the United States was a part. c. immorality that was prevalent in U.S. society. d. ills of U.S. technological development. e. artistic development that the United States had achieved. a. inability of Americans to escape the burdens of their own past. Which of the following statements regarding prohibition is true? a. In spite of prohibition laws, consumption of alcohol did not decline in the United States. b. State governments provided enough law enforcement to be sure the prohibition law was followed. c. The federal government failed to provide enough money to enforce prohibition effectively.

d. Both the rich and the poor continued to drink alcohol in speakeasies. e. Prohibition created organized crime in the United States. c. The federal government failed to provide enough money to enforce prohibition effectively. The 1928 Democratic presidential candidate Al Smith was subjected to attacks by the forces of bigotry during the campaign because he was a. a Mormon. e. Anschluss. b. blitzkreig. Which of the following statements regarding the scandals that took place during the Harding administration is true? a. Harding profited personally from the various deals. b. The Justice Department under Daugherty fought corruption vigorously. c. The Teapot Dome scandal involved lands leased to private companies in return for loans to the secretary of the interior. d. Andrew Mellon in the Treasury Department was implicated in the wrongdoing. e. All of these c. The Teapot Dome scandal involved lands leased to private companies in return for loans to the secretary of the interior. For Americans, what was the most bitter loss during the war in the Pacific? a. U.S. forces lost the Battle of Midway, thereby lengthening the war considerably. b.

General Douglas MacArthur was forced to pull his troops out of the Philippines, leaving some Americans behind. c. Three thousand Americans were lost at the Battle of the Coral Sea. d. The Japanese returned to Pearl Harbor and bombed oil depots and repair facilities. e. None of these b. General Douglas MacArthur was forced to pull his troops out of the Philippines, leaving some Americans behind. Which of the following statements concerning the U.S. home front during World War I is true? a. Americans observed wheatless and meatless days to help provide needed food for the Allies. b. A move to restrict the sale and use of alcoholic beverages during the war was quickly and thoroughly defeated. c. Government management of the wartime economy was highly successful from the start. d. The U.S. rail system was never organized efficiently, and tie-ups were the norm even when the war ended. e. Most African Americans were highly motivated to fight in the war because the combat units were desegregated. a. Americans observed wheatless and meatless days to help provide needed food for the Allies. The Double V campaign pushed for victory abroad as well as victory at home in fighting discrimination against a. African Americans.

What was the key issue in the 1916 presidential campaign? a. That Wilson had kept the United States out of the war b. The proposed extension of suffrage to women c. Whether civil rights for African Americans would be included in the Progressive agenda d. Whether the United States would go to war on the side of Germany or Britain and France e. Whether to reduce or do away with all tariffs a. That Wilson had kept the United States out of the war Which of the following events occurred first? a. The United States experienced its first Red Scare. b. Warren G. Harding became president. c. World War I came to an end. d. The Espionage Act was passed. d. The Espionage Act was passed. Which of the following events took place in 1925? a. The Scopes trial b. The execution of Sacco and Vanzetti c. The Chicago White Sox World Series scandal d. Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic a. The Scopes trial Which of the following ships was sunk first? a. Sussex

Question: What period of time did Eire describe as 'the emergency'?
Answer: World War Two