The City of Stalingrad. Volgograd, formerly Stalingrad. Volgograd, formerly Stalingrad, originated with the foundation in 1589 of Tsaritsyn at the confluence of the Tsaritsa and Volga Rivers. The fortress Sary Su (a local Tatar language name meaning: Yellow Water/River), was established to defend the unstable southern border of Tsarist Russia. It soon became the nucleus of a trading settlement. It was captured twice by Cossack rebels, under Stepan Razin in the rebellion of 1670 and Yemelyan Pugachev in 1774. Tsaritsyn became an important river port and commercial center in the 19th century. The original name of the city, Tsaritsyn, was first recorded by English explorer Barry in 1579, though he did not refer to the city, but to the island on the Volga. The origin of the name is usually traced back to the Turkic "Sary-Su" (yellow water) or "Sary-Sin" (Yellow Island).

The date of the founding of the city is considered to be July 2, 1589, when the fortress Tsaritsyn was first named in a royal charter. The fortress was located slightly above the confluence of the Volga River Queen on the right bank. Before Tsaritsyn, in the mouth of the river, there was a settlement of the Queen of the Golden Horde. In 1607, the fortress was in revolt against the king's troops but was suppressed six months later. In 1608, the city had its first stone church, St. John the Baptist. At the beginning of the 17th century, the garrison consisted of 350-400 people. In 1670 the fortress was taken by troops of Stepan Razin, who left after a month. In 1708, the fortress was held by insurgent Cossacks Kondrati Bulavin. In 1717, Bulavin was sacked by the Crimean Tatars and Kuban. Later, in 1774, the city unsuccessfully stormed Yemelyan Pugachev.

In 1691, Tsaritsyn established customs. In 1708, Tsaritsyn was assigned to the Kazan Governorate; in 1719, to Astrakhan Governorate; According to the census in 1720, the city's population was 408 people. In 1773, the city became the provincial and district town. From 1779 it belonged to the Saratov Viceroyalty. In 1780, the city was under the Saratov Governorate (later as a province). The population expanded rapidly during the 19th century, increasing from fewer than 3,000 people in 1807 to about 84,000 in 1900. The first railroad came to the town in 1862. The first theatre opened in 1872, the first cinema in 1907. In 1913, Tsaritsin's first tram line was built, and the city's first electric lights were installed in the city center.

During the Russian Civil War Tsaritsyn was under Soviet control starting from November 1917. In 1918, Tsaritsyn was besieged by White troops under Ataman Krasnov. Three assaults by White troops were repulsed. However, in June 1919 Tsaritsyn was captured by White forces of General Denikin, which left the city in January 1920. This was known as the Battle for Tsaritsyn. The city was renamed Stalingrad after Joseph Stalin on April 10, 1925. This was officially to recognize the city's and Stalin's role in its defense against the Whites in 1918-1920. In 1931, in the city including the German settlement-colony Sarepta (founded in 1765), subsequently became the largest area of the city — Krasnoarmeysky. The first institute was opened in 1930, a year later was opened and the Pedagogical Institute.

Under Stalin, the city became a center of heavy industry and transshipment by rail and river, and as a result was attacked by Axis forces during World War II. In 1942, the city became the site of one of the pivotal battles of the war. The Battle of Stalingrad saw perhaps the greatest casualty figures of any battle in warfare (estimates are between 1,250,000 and 1,798,619). The battle began on August 19, 1942, and on Augsut 23, the city suffered heavy aerial bombardment that reduced most of it to rubble. By September, the fighting reached the city center. The fighting was of unprecedented intensity; the central railway station of the city changed hands thirteen times, and the famous Mamayev Kurgan (one of the heights of the city) was captured and recaptured eight times. By the winter of 1942–43, the German forces controlled 90% of the city, and had cornered the Soviets into two narrow pockets. On November 19, Soviet forces launched a massive counterattack. This led to the eventual encirclement of the German Sixth Army.

On January 31, 1943 its commander, Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrendered, and on February 2, with the elimination of straggling German troops, the Battle of Stalingrad was over. This heavily industrialized port, rail junction and regional capital has been built from scratch since 1945. Now today Volgograd is the administrative and economic center of the Lower Volga Region and is also the major transport center of this area. The Volga-Don Canal connects the Volga and the Don rivers and so makes Volgograd a port of five seas: the Caspian, the Black, the Azov, the Baltic and the White. The city was renamed Volgograd in 1961. Partly taken from Volgograd, Russia - definition of Volgograd, Russia by The Free Dictionary Volgograd, Russia - definition of Volgograd, Russia by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Vol·go·grad (vŏl′gə-grăd′, vōl′-, vəl-gə-grät′) A city of southwest Russia on the Volga River northeast of Rostov.

Founded in 1589 as a defensive stronghold named Tsaritsyn, it was renamed Stalingrad in 1925 and Volgograd in 1961. The city was besieged and severely damaged during a prolonged battle in World War II, with extensive casualties of both German and Soviet troops. Volgograd (Russian vəlɡaˈɡrat; English ˈvɒlɡəˌɡræd) n (Placename) a port in SW Russia, on the River Volga: scene of a major engagement (1918) during the civil war and again in World War II (1942–43), in which the German forces were defeated; major industrial centre. Pop: 1 016 000 (2005 est). Former names: Tsaritsyn (until 1925) or Stalingrad (1925–61) Vol•go•grad (ˈvɒl gəˌgræd, ˈvoʊl-) n.

a city in the SW Russian Federation, on the Volga River: battles in World War II, 1942–1943. 999,000. Formerly, Stalingrad. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Volgograd city, Russia travel guide More posts.. Volgograd history The first settlement on the territory of present Volgograd was founded presumably in 1555. In 1589, it was first mentioned in the historical materials as a small fort called Tsaritsyn, standing on an island at the confluence of the Tsaritsa and the Volga rivers. The fort was named after the Tsaritsa River. At the beginning of the 17th century, Tsaritsyn burned down and was newly rebuilt on the right bank of the Volga in 1615. The fortress was an important part of the Russian southern defense line. The reforms of Peter I greatly increased the country’s power (organization of the army, industry and government). In the 1750s, the Russian expansion to the Crimea, the Caucasus and Central Asia started.

Tsaritsyn was located far from these regions and therefore began to turn in a small peaceful provincial town. In the 19th century, it became a large river port and trade center. More Historical Facts… After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the rapid growth of the town’s industry began, aided by convenient transport routes - the Volga River and developed railway network. In 1880, an oil refinery of “Nobel” company came into operation, Russia’s largest oil storage facilities were built here. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were more than 230 factories in Tsaritsyn. In 1913, the population of the town was about 130,000. In 1918-1920, during the Civil War in Russia, Tsaritsyn became a place of fierce fighting. In 1925, the city was renamed in honor of Stalin. Stalingrad became one of the centers of the Soviet heavy industry. During the the Second World War, the Battle of Stalingrad took place here.

It was one of the turning points of the war, one of the biggest battles in history. Stalingrad was completely destroyed during the battle that lasted almost seven months. The city’s population was only about 32,000 inhabitants, the population before the war - about 450,000. 41,685 houses were destroyed (90.5%). In 1945, it received the status of “Hero City”. In the 1950s, a large-scale construction of monumental buildings in the style of Stalin’s empire began. These buildings still determine the appearance of the city today. In 1961, Stalingrad was renamed again as part of Nikita Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization program. The city received the name Volgograd meaning “city on the Volga River”. In 1967, the memorial complex of Mamaev Kurgan was built in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad. In 1989, the city’s population exceeded 1 million. In 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Volgograd experienced a catastrophic decline in industry and municipal economy.

Since the mid-2000s, the growth of the local industry began, construction intensified. Volgograd streets Author: Igor Kurylko Volgograd features Volgograd is one of the fastest growing tourist centers in the south of Russia with a long tradition of historical tourism. The monument-ensemble of Mamayev Hill, the museum-panorama “The Battle of Stalingrad” are the world famous symbols of the Second World War, which to this day attract tourists in Volgograd. The silhouette of the sculpture “Motherland” is one of the main symbols of Volgograd. City Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of September. The climate is temperate continental. Winters are mild, with frequent thaws, summers are hot and long. The average temperature in January - minus 6.3 degrees Celsius, in July - plus 23.6 degrees Celsius. It is a large transport hub connecting the city with the Caucasus, Moscow, Siberian regions, the Donbas region of Ukraine. The longest road in Europe (E40) (from Calais in France to Ridder in Kazakhstan) passes through Volgograd.

The highway R22 (Moscow-Astrakhan) passes through the city, the highways R228 (to Saratov), R221 (to Elista), M221 (to Donetsk, Ukraine), R226 (to Samara) start here. Volgograd International Airport (Gumrak), located about 15 km from the city center, offers regular flights to Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Saratov, Sochi, Surgut. More Features… Volgograd, due to its favorable transportation and geographical position and high industrial potential, plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the South of Russia. It is an important industrial center: aluminum, steel and chemical production, oil refining, shipbuilding, machinery and vehicles manufacturing. Volgograd hydroelectric power station is located in the north of the city. The city stretches for 90 km along the right bank of the Volga River. You can get to the left bank of the Volga via the dam of the hydroelec power station (to Volzhsky city) or Volgograd bridge (to Krasnoslobodsk).

The Volga-Don Canal begins in the southern part of the city connecting Volgograd with the Caspian, Black, Baltic and White Seas, Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Volgograd pictures Volgograd museums The Historical and Memorial Complex Mamayev Kurgan (Marshala Chuykova Street, 47), The Museum-Reserve “The Battle of Stalingrad” - the largest and most famous museum in Volgograd that includes Gerhardt’s Mill (a steam mill built in the early 20th century that was destroyed during the Battle of Stalingrad and was not restored in memory of the war), the panorama of the Battle of Stalingrad (the biggest picture in Russia), an exhibition of Soviet military vehicles of the 1940s (Marshala Chuykova Street, 47), Volgograd Memorial and Historical Museum (Gogolya Street, 10), Volgograd Regional Museum of Local Lore (Lenina Avenue, 5a, 7), The Historical, Ethnographic and Architectural Museum-Reserve “Old Sarepta” dedicated to the memory of German colonists of the 18th century (Izobilnaya Street, 10), Volgograd Museum of Fine Arts named after I.I.

Mashkov (Lenina Avenue, 21), Volgograd Regional Children’s Art Gallery (Sovetskaya Street, 26). Volgograd theaters and other cultural institutions State Don Cossack Theater (Akademicheskaya Street, 3), Volgograd Regional Puppet Theater (Lenina Avenue, 15), Volgograd Youth Theater (Alleya Geroyev Street, 4), Municipal Musical Theater (Marshala Chuykova, 4), New Experimental Theater (Mira Street, 12), Volgograd State Theater “Tsaritsyn opera” (Lenina Avenue, 97), Volgograd Regional Philharmonic (Naberezhnaya of 62th Army Street, 4), Volgograd Planetarium (Gagarina Street, 14). Volgograd city of Russia photos Volgograd places Where is Stalingrad located? | Reference.com Where is Stalingrad located? A: Quick Answer According to The Columbia Encyclopedia, Volgograd, formerly known as Stalingrad, is a Russian city on the Volga River in southeast European Russia. Volgograd is the capital of the Russian region of Volgograd.

Full Answer The Columbia Encyclopedia states that Volgograd is a major rail center as well as an important transshipment point with a port that handles coal, fish, lumber, oil and ore. The city became Stalingrad in 1925, named after the Soviet leader Stalin. It was renamed Volgograd in 1961 after Nikita Khrushchev denounced Stalin's dictatorial rule. The city is known for having been the site of the Battle of Stalingrad, a major turning point in World War II. Battle Of The Volga Alive In Russian Memory : NPR Battle Of The Volga Alive In Russian Memory Embed Embed Battle Of The Volga Alive In Russian Memory Battle Of The Volga Alive In Russian Memory Embed Embed Enlarge this image Russian veterans of World War II attend a Victory Day event in Volgograd, formerly Stalingrad, May 8, 2010. The site of one of the bloodiest and most important battles of World War II, Volgograd and its residents are struggling to find their way in post-Soviet Russia.

Mikhail Mordasov/AFP/Getty Images hide caption toggle caption Mikhail Mordasov/AFP/Getty Images Russian veterans of World War II attend a Victory Day event in Volgograd, formerly Stalingrad, May 8, 2010. The site of one of the bloodiest and most important battles of World War II, Volgograd and its residents are struggling to find their way in post-Soviet Russia. Mikhail Mordasov/AFP/Getty Images Fourth of five parts Nowhere is the Volga River more hallowed than in the city named after it: Volgograd, better known to history as Stalingrad. During World War II, perhaps the bloodiest battle in history took place there. A total of 2 million people were lost on both sides in the fighting from the summer of 1942 to February 1943. Hitler's army, fighting to reach the Volga and seize the country's energy resources to the south in the oil-rich Caucasus, was met by the tenacious Soviet Red Army and a city that would not yield. Enlarge this image The promenade along the Volga River is a popular destination for visitors and locals in Volgograd.

The city was named Stalingrad in 1925 in honor of the Soviet leader. The name was changed back in 1961, as part of a program of to expunge the cult of personality and brutal policies of Stalin from the Soviet system. Anne Garrels/NPR hide caption toggle caption Anne Garrels/NPR The promenade along the Volga River is a popular destination for visitors and locals in Volgograd. The city was named Stalingrad in 1925 in honor of the Soviet leader. The name was changed back in 1961, as part of a program of to expunge the cult of personality and brutal policies of Stalin from the Soviet system. Anne Garrels/NPR Many believe the defeat of the German army in Stalingrad changed the course of the war in Europe. It was a Soviet victory, but all these years later, the battle of Stalingrad remains an enduring symbol of what Russians can do against all odds. Nearly 70 years ago, the city's residents endured the onslaught of the Nazis. Today, people in Volgograd are still adjusting to the post-Soviet changes that have altered so much of Russia.

Where The 'Land Is Soaked In Blood' Cruise ships heading down the Volga navigate a huge bend in the river as the approach Volgograd, and a giant statue, "The Motherland Calls," come into view. Passengers grow silent as they stare at the massive figure, 17 stories high, of the Motherland looming over them. As if to defy all who might attack this country, her hand wields a huge sword. Some Russian passengers quietly wipe away tears. Decades have passed since the war and this city has long since risen from the ashes. Its center is monumental, full of postwar, neo-classical facades so beloved by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Credit: Alyson Hurt/NPR Poorly constructed apartments from the 1960s and '70s fan out for miles along the river bank. The promenade sparkles with expensive new shops, cafes and restaurants. Article continues after sponsorship But it's the vast memorial site on the hard-fought high ground that still dominates and haunts. Once it celebrated a Soviet victory. Now, after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it belongs to Russia alone.

In September, the Russian government suggested schoolchildren celebrate Russian victories, key among them, this battle for the Volga. "The feeling of patriotism remains because the city suffered so much," says tour guide Nina Salnikova. "We can't forget what happened. This is a hero city where every piece of land is soaked in blood." 'I Thought The War Was Far From Us' Tamara Kolbasina, now 79, was a 10-year-old living in Stalingrad when the Germans attacked. "There was a decision not to evacuate the city because it would sow panic. It would show the Germans we were afraid. We were told the Germans would never reach the city," Kolbasina says. But on Aug. 19, 1942, a beautiful summer's day, the Nazi bombing campaign began. Enlarge this image Tamara Kolbasina, 79, was a 10-year-old when the Germans attacked Stalingrad. She spent the next 168 days living in open trenches, freezing, starving and terrified. She thought her father died during the fighting; four years ago, she discovered he was one of Stalin's victims.

Anne Garrels/NPR hide caption toggle caption Anne Garrels/NPR Tamara Kolbasina, 79, was a 10-year-old when the Germans attacked Stalingrad. She spent the next 168 days living in open trenches, freezing, starving and terrified. She thought her father died during the fighting; four years ago, she discovered he was one of Stalin's victims. Anne Garrels/NPR "I had gone for bread," Kolbasina recalls. "I thought the war was far from us. Suddenly, there were planes overheard, masses of them." The city exploded, and the Volga became a ribbon of fire. For the next 168 days, Kolbasina lived in open trenches, freezing, starving and terrified. Her best friend was killed next to her. Germans troops entered the city. The outnumbered Soviet forces were only able to hold a tiny sliver along the Volga River. Stalin issued an order that anyone thought to be retreating or deserting be immediately shot. Looking 'Into The Eyes Of Death' As a young lieutenant, Gamlet Dallokian was among those sent to defend Stalingrad. "There was no food. We had no boots.

We slept as we walked. The Germans attacked our rear and 42 of my 45 men were killed. They were much stronger, especially in aviation. How we managed to surround the city, I don't know. We were lucky," Dallokian says. More In The Series PART 5: Volga River Towns Fade Along With Prized Sturgeon Nov. 5, 2010 Now 90 and one of the last living survivors of the battle, Dallokian recalls how close the opposing forces were. "We would smoke and they could see our smoke. That's how close they were. I looked into the eyes of death hundreds of times," he says. Konstantin Melikhov, also 90, remembers how ill-equipped his unit was. Somehow it held on until the Soviets managed — miraculously — to build up their air force. Melikhov was there when the German troops finally surrendered. His forces shattered, German commander Friedrich Paulus disobeyed Hitler's orders and agreed to give up. On Feb. 2, 1943, what was left of Germany's frozen and hungry troops at Stalingrad surrendered to the Soviets. "They threw their weapons on the ground.

My job was to collect the best of them for the fighting still to come. Then we collected the dead bodies from both sides," Melikhov says. About 1 million Soviet soldiers and citizens were dead. Some 91,000 Germans were taken prisoner. Many were forced to help rebuild the leveled city. For these Russians, it was unquestionably a great victory; they still proudly wear their medals. But they are not proud of what came before — Stalin's terror — and what came after. Retired doctor Konstantin Melikhov fought in the battle of Stalingrad. "Terrible things are happening" in Russia, he says, "then and now." Anne Garrels/NPR hide caption toggle caption Anne Garrels/NPR Retired doctor Konstantin Melikhov fought in the battle of Stalingrad. "Terrible things are happening" in Russia, he says, "then and now." Anne Garrels/NPR Losing Their Faith Tamara Kolbasina's father was declared missing in action. After the German defeat, her family lived in an earthen dugout reinforced with clay and straw. They stayed there for 14 years. Her sister survived typhus; her mother, weakened by malaria, died young.

Nonetheless, Kolbasina received an education and became a loyal member of the Communist Party. But four years ago, Kolbasina got a call from Russia's security services, the heir to the KGB. Her father was not missing in action as she had thought, but was one of Stalin's victims. "As he watched the bombing, he was overheard complimenting German technology. For this he was sentenced to 10 years. But there are no prison records. We can only assume he was shot," she says. Kolbasina says she has lost faith in her country. "Why were so many innocent people like my father killed? And now, everything we built is in private hands, in the hands of millionaires and billionaires," she says. The family of Gamlet Dallokian, the soldier, became Stalin's victims, too. Gamlet Dallokian, 90, was a young lieutenant in the battle of Stalingrad. Of the 45 men in his unit, 42 were killed. Now, he is disillusioned with what Russia has become.

Anne Garrels/NPR hide caption toggle caption Anne Garrels/NPR Gamlet Dallokian, 90, was a young lieutenant in the battle of Stalingrad. Of the 45 men in his unit, 42 were killed. Now, he is disillusioned with what Russia has become. Anne Garrels/NPR Nonetheless, Dallokian still believes Stalin was a good wartime commander. "I cannot forgive Stalin's brutal repressions. But this city should still bear his name. It was the battle of Stalingrad, not Volgograd," he says. 'Why Do We Live Worse?' Originally called Tsaritsyn, the city was renamed Stalingrad in 1925 in honor of the Soviet leader. The name was changed to Volgograd in 1961 as part of Nikita Khrushchev's program to expunge the cult of personality and brutal policies of Stalin from the Soviet system. And now in a post-Soviet system of strong central control by the Kremlin with vast wealth among some Russians while others struggle, Dallokian wrestles with the current state of Russia. "Why can the Germans we defeated live 40 times better than us?

When this is such a rich country, why do we live worse?" he asks. Konstantin Melikhov became a doctor. Now nearly blind from wounds he received, he, too, isn't happy with today's Russia. "Terrible things are happening," he says. "Then and now." Friday: Where the Volga meets the Caspian Sea, Russia's fortunes are reflected in its "black gold" — highly prized, but increasingly rare, caviar. Volgograd Encyclopedia > Places > Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic Nations > CIS and Baltic Political Geography Volgograd Volgograd (vôlgəgrätˈ) [ key ], formerly Stalingrad, city (1989 pop. 999,000), capital of Volgograd region, SE European Russia, a port on the Volga River and the eastern terminus of the Volga-Don Canal. As a transshipment point, the port handles oil, coal, ore, lumber, and fish. Volgograd is also a major rail center, with connections to Moscow, the Donets Basin, the Caucasus, and SW Siberia. A large hydroelectric dam stands on the Volga just above the city.

A center of heavy industry, Volgograd has shipyards, oil refineries, steel and aluminum mills, and tank, tractor, cable, machinery, and chemical factories. Other industries include food processing, flour milling, distilling, sawmilling, tanning, and the manufacture of farm and oil-field equipment. Founded in 1589 as a stronghold to defend Russia's newly acquired land along the Volga, the city was originally called Tsaritsyn. It fell to the Cossack rebels under Stenka Razin in 1670 and Yemelyan Pugachev in 1774. In the 19th cent. it became an important commercial center. During the Russian civil war the city was defended (1918) by Soviet forces under Stalin , Voroshilov , and Budenny , but White troops under Denikin took it in 1919–20. The city was renamed Stalingrad in 1925, then Volgograd in 1961, following Nikita Khrushchev 's denunciations of Stalin's dictatorship.

During World War II, the city was nearly destroyed in a battle that marked a major turning point in the war and a landmark in military history. In Sept., 1942, a German army exceeding 500,000 men (including Italians, Hungarians, and Romanians) and commanded by Gen. Friedrich von Paulus began an all-out attack on Stalingrad, which was defended by 16 Soviet divisions under Gen. Vasily I. Chuikov. Stalin ordered that the city be held at all costs. After two months of house-to-house fighting, the Germans had taken most of the city, but the Soviet garrison, receiving supplies across the Volga, held out, thus giving Gen. Georgi Zhukov time to prepare a counteroffensive. Hitler reaffirmed his intention to take Stalingrad, despite great losses and lack of reserves. He refused, against his general staff's advice, to allow Paulus to withdraw. In Nov., 1942, two Soviet forces, advancing from the north and south in a pincers movement, encircled the Germans. In December a German relief force was routed.

Paulus surrendered the remnants of his army on Feb. 2, 1943. The combined German and Soviet losses during the battle were staggering—the Germans alone suffered approximately 300,000 casualties. The Soviets followed up with a westward drive and generally remained on the offensive for the remainder of the war. Rebuilding began immediately after the city's liberation. See A. Beevor, Stalingrad (1998). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. Volgograd | Article about Volgograd by The Free Dictionary Volgograd | Article about Volgograd by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Related to Volgograd: Stalingrad (vôlgəgrät`), formerly Stalingrad, city (1989 pop. 999,000), capital of Volgograd region, SE European Russia, a port on the Volga River and the eastern terminus of the Volga-Don Canal. As a transshipment point, the port handles oil, coal, ore, lumber, and fish.

Volgograd is also a major rail center, with connections to Moscow, the Donets Basin, the Caucasus, and SW Siberia. A large hydroelectric dam stands on the Volga just above the city. A center of heavy industry, Volgograd has shipyards, oil refineries, steel and aluminum mills, and tank, tractor, cable, machinery, and chemical factories. Other industries include food processing, flour milling, distilling, sawmilling, tanning, and the manufacture of farm and oil-field equipment. Founded in 1589 as a stronghold to defend Russia's newly acquired land along the Volga, the city was originally called Tsaritsyn. It fell to the Cossack rebels under Stenka Razin in 1670 and Yemelyan Pugachev in 1774. In the 19th cent. it became an important commercial center. During the Russian civil war the city was defended (1918) by Soviet forces under Stalin Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich , 1879–1953, Soviet Communist leader and head of the USSR from the death of V. I.

Lenin (1924) until his own death, b. Gori, Georgia. ..... Click the link for more information. , Voroshilov Voroshilov, Kliment Yefremovich , 1881–1969, Soviet military leader and public official. A Bolshevik from 1903, he was an active revolutionary prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and an outstanding Red Army commander in the civil war (1918–20) that followed it. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Budenny Budenny, Semyon Mikhailovich , 1883–1973, Russian marshal. A sergeant major in the czarist cavalry, he joined the Communist party in 1919, helped to organize the Soviet cavalry, and served in the Russian civil war (1918–20). He was made marshal in 1935. ..... Click the link for more information. , but White troops under Denikin Denikin, Anton Ivanovich , 1872–1947, Russian general. The son of a serf, he rose from the ranks.

After the Bolshevik Revolution in Nov., 1917 (Oct., 1917, O.S.), he joined General Kornilov, whom he succeeded (1918) as commander of the anti-Bolshevik forces in the south. ..... Click the link for more information. took it in 1919–20. The city was renamed Stalingrad in 1925, then Volgograd in 1961, following Nikita Khrushchev Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich , 1894–1971, Soviet Communist leader, premier of the USSR (1958–64), and first secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union (1953–64). ..... Click the link for more information. 's denunciations of Stalin's dictatorship. During World War II, the city was nearly destroyed in a battle that marked a major turning point in the war and a landmark in military history. In Sept., 1942, a German army exceeding 500,000 men (including Italians, Hungarians, and Romanians) and commanded by Gen.

Friedrich von Paulus began an all-out attack on Stalingrad, which was defended by 16 Soviet divisions under Gen. Vasily I. Chuikov. Stalin ordered that the city be held at all costs. After two months of house-to-house fighting, the Germans had taken most of the city, but the Soviet garrison, receiving supplies across the Volga, held out, thus giving Gen. Georgi Zhukov Zhukov, Georgi Konstantinovich , 1896–1974, Soviet marshal. He fought in the October Revolution (1917) and in the civil war (1918–20), which brought the Bolsheviks to power, and saw action against the Japanese on the Manchurian border (1938–39) and in the ..... Click the link for more information. time to prepare a counteroffensive. Hitler reaffirmed his intention to take Stalingrad, despite great losses and lack of reserves. He refused, against his general staff's advice, to allow Paulus to withdraw.

In Nov., 1942, two Soviet forces, advancing from the north and south in a pincers movement, encircled the Germans. In December a German relief force was routed. Paulus surrendered the remnants of his army on Feb. 2, 1943. The combined German and Soviet losses during the battle were staggering—the Germans alone suffered approximately 300,000 casualties. The Soviets followed up with a westward drive and generally remained on the offensive for the remainder of the war. Rebuilding began immediately after the city's liberation. Bibliography See A. Beevor, Stalingrad (1998). Volgograd (until 1925, Tsaritsyn; until 1961, Stalingrad), a city and center of Volgograd Oblast, RSFSR. Situated on a bend in the lower reaches of the Volga, it extends for more than 70 km along its right bank. The V. I. Lenin Volga-Don Ship Canal begins in Volgograd.

The city is a large river port and an important railroad junction, with lines to Moscow, Kazan, the Tikhoretskaia railroad junction in the Caucasus, the Likhaia railroad junction in the Donets Basin, and Astrakhan’. Population (1970), 818,000 (55,000 in 1897, 148,000 in 1926, 445,000 in 1939, and 591,000 in 1959). Volgograd is divided into seven city-raions for administrative purposes. The city was founded in the 16th century on an island across from the confluence of the Tsarita and Volga rivers to protect the Volga trade route at the junction (crossportage) of the Volga and Don rivers. At the beginning of the 17th century Tsaritsyn burned down and was rebuilt in 1615 on the right bank of the Volga. During the 17th and 18th centuries Tsaritsyn was a major center of the struggle of the people against feudal exploitation.

In May 1670 the city was seized by detachments of S. T. Razin. In August 1774 the troops of E. I. Pugachev defeated a large detachment of tsarist troops near Tsaritsyn. In 1782, Tsaritsyn became the chief town of a district of Saratov Province. With the development of capitalism in Russia, a timber processing industry developed rapidly; by 1915 there were 45 sawmills with 20,000 workers. The largest petroleum yard on the Volga was constructed by the Nobel Association; the boiler shops of the Frenchman Barrot, the Ural-Volga metallurgical plant (1898), and other enterprises were also constructed there. In the second half of the 19th century several railroad lines were laid through Tsaritsyn, and the city became a large railroad junction, linked with central Russia, the Donbas, and the Caucasus. A Social Democratic organization was formed in the city in 1905. The workers actively participated in the Revolution of 1905-07 and the Great October Socialist Revolution.

Soviet power was established on Nov. 4 (17), 1917. The heroic Tsaritsyn Defense of 1918-19 ruined the plans for the unification of the southern interventionist forces with those of the Eastern Front. The city was awarded the Battle Revolutionary Banner of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (May 14, 1919) and the Order of the Red Banner (Apr. 14, 1924). During the years of Soviet power, Volgograd has become one of the country’s largest industrial and cultural centers. Old factories have been reconstructed and 50 new ones built, including the first tractor factory in the USSR. From July 1942 through February 1943, on the appreaches to the city and in the city itself, the heroic battle of the Soviet Army with the fascist German invaders took place (Battle of Stalingrad of 1942-43). The For the Defense of Stalingrad medal was introduced on Dec. 22, 1942, in honor of the valiant defense of the city. Stalingrad became a hero-city.

On May 8, 1965, by an edict of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the city was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star Medal for the courage and heroism displayed by the working people of Volgograd in the struggle with the fascist German invaders. I Volgograd, Russia | Article about Volgograd, Russia by The Free Dictionary Volgograd, Russia | Article about Volgograd, Russia by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Volgograd (vôlgəgrät`), formerly Stalingrad, city (1989 pop. 999,000), capital of Volgograd region, SE European Russia, a port on the Volga River and the eastern terminus of the Volga-Don Canal. As a transshipment point, the port handles oil, coal, ore, lumber, and fish. Volgograd is also a major rail center, with connections to Moscow, the Donets Basin, the Caucasus, and SW Siberia. A large hydroelectric dam stands on the Volga just above the city.

A center of heavy industry, Volgograd has shipyards, oil refineries, steel and aluminum mills, and tank, tractor, cable, machinery, and chemical factories. Other industries include food processing, flour milling, distilling, sawmilling, tanning, and the manufacture of farm and oil-field equipment. Founded in 1589 as a stronghold to defend Russia's newly acquired land along the Volga, the city was originally called Tsaritsyn. It fell to the Cossack rebels under Stenka Razin in 1670 and Yemelyan Pugachev in 1774. In the 19th cent. it became an important commercial center. During the Russian civil war the city was defended (1918) by Soviet forces under Stalin Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich , 1879–1953, Soviet Communist leader and head of the USSR from the death of V. I. Lenin (1924) until his own death, b. Gori, Georgia. ..... Click the link for more information.

, Voroshilov Voroshilov, Kliment Yefremovich , 1881–1969, Soviet military leader and public official. A Bolshevik from 1903, he was an active revolutionary prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and an outstanding Red Army commander in the civil war (1918–20) that followed it. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Budenny Budenny, Semyon Mikhailovich , 1883–1973, Russian marshal. A sergeant major in the czarist cavalry, he joined the Communist party in 1919, helped to organize the Soviet cavalry, and served in the Russian civil war (1918–20). He was made marshal in 1935. ..... Click the link for more information. , but White troops under Denikin Denikin, Anton Ivanovich , 1872–1947, Russian general. The son of a serf, he rose from the ranks.

After the Bolshevik Revolution in Nov., 1917 (Oct., 1917, O.S.), he joined General Kornilov, whom he succeeded (1918) as commander of the anti-Bolshevik forces in the south. ..... Click the link for more information. took it in 1919–20. The city was renamed Stalingrad in 1925, then Volgograd in 1961, following Nikita Khrushchev Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich , 1894–1971, Soviet Communist leader, premier of the USSR (1958–64), and first secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union (1953–64). ..... Click the link for more information. 's denunciations of Stalin's dictatorship. During World War II, the city was nearly destroyed in a battle that marked a major turning point in the war and a landmark in military history. In Sept., 1942, a German army exceeding 500,000 men (including Italians, Hungarians, and Romanians) and commanded by Gen.

Friedrich von Paulus began an all-out attack on Stalingrad, which was defended by 16 Soviet divisions under Gen. Vasily I. Chuikov. Stalin ordered that the city be held at all costs. After two months of house-to-house fighting, the Germans had taken most of the city, but the Soviet garrison, receiving supplies across the Volga, held out, thus giving Gen. Georgi Zhukov Zhukov, Georgi Konstantinovich , 1896–1974, Soviet marshal. He fought in the October Revolution (1917) and in the civil war (1918–20), which brought the Bolsheviks to power, and saw action against the Japanese on the Manchurian border (1938–39) and in the ..... Click the link for more information. time to prepare a counteroffensive. Hitler reaffirmed his intention to take Stalingrad, despite great losses and lack of reserves. He refused, against his general staff's advice, to allow Paulus to withdraw.

In Nov., 1942, two Soviet forces, advancing from the north and south in a pincers movement, encircled the Germans. In December a German relief force was routed. Paulus surrendered the remnants of his army on Feb. 2, 1943. The combined German and Soviet losses during the battle were staggering—the Germans alone suffered approximately 300,000 casualties. The Soviets followed up with a westward drive and generally remained on the offensive for the remainder of the war. Rebuilding began immediately after the city's liberation. Bibliography See A. Beevor, Stalingrad (1998). Volgograd (until 1925, Tsaritsyn; until 1961, Stalingrad), a city and center of Volgograd Oblast, RSFSR. Situated on a bend in the lower reaches of the Volga, it extends for more than 70 km along its right bank. The V. I. Lenin Volga-Don Ship Canal begins in Volgograd.

The city is a large river port and an important railroad junction, with lines to Moscow, Kazan, the Tikhoretskaia railroad junction in the Caucasus, the Likhaia railroad junction in the Donets Basin, and Astrakhan’. Population (1970), 818,000 (55,000 in 1897, 148,000 in 1926, 445,000 in 1939, and 591,000 in 1959). Volgograd is divided into seven city-raions for administrative purposes. The city was founded in the 16th century on an island across from the confluence of the Tsarita and Volga rivers to protect the Volga trade route at the junction (crossportage) of the Volga and Don rivers. At the beginning of the 17th century Tsaritsyn burned down and was rebuilt in 1615 on the right bank of the Volga. During the 17th and 18th centuries Tsaritsyn was a major center of the struggle of the people against feudal exploitation.

In May 1670 the city was seized by detachments of S. T. Razin. In August 1774 the troops of E. I. Pugachev defeated a large detachment of tsarist troops near Tsaritsyn. In 1782, Tsaritsyn became the chief town of a district of Saratov Province. With the development of capitalism in Russia, a timber processing industry developed rapidly; by 1915 there were 45 sawmills with 20,000 workers. The largest petroleum yard on the Volga was constructed by the Nobel Association; the boiler shops of the Frenchman Barrot, the Ural-Volga metallurgical plant (1898), and other enterprises were also constructed there. In the second half of the 19th century several railroad lines were laid through Tsaritsyn, and the city became a large railroad junction, linked with central Russia, the Donbas, and the Caucasus. A Social Democratic organization was formed in the city in 1905. The workers actively participated in the Revolution of 1905-07 and the Great October Socialist Revolution.

Soviet power was established on Nov. 4 (17), 1917. The heroic Tsaritsyn Defense of 1918-19 ruined the plans for the unification of the southern interventionist forces with those of the Eastern Front. The city was awarded the Battle Revolutionary Banner of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (May 14, 1919) and the Order of the Red Banner (Apr. 14, 1924). During the years of Soviet power, Volgograd has become one of the country’s largest industrial and cultural centers. Old factories have been reconstructed and 50 new ones built, including the first tractor factory in the USSR. From July 1942 through February 1943, on the appreaches to the city and in the city itself, the heroic battle of the Soviet Army with the fascist German invaders took place (Battle of Stalingrad of 1942-43). The For the Defense of Stalingrad medal was introduced on Dec. 22, 1942, in honor of the valiant defense of the city. Stalingrad became a hero-city.

On May 8, 1965, by an edict of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the city was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star Medal for the courage and heroism displayed by the working people of Volgograd in the struggle with the fascist German invaders. I VISIT VOLGOGRAD - RUSSIA - WELCOME TO THE CITY - THE HERO VOLGOGRAD! WELCOME TO THE CITY - THE HERO VOLGOGRAD! Volgograd is one of the most beautiful ancient cities of Russia. It is located in the south-eastern European part of Russia. The city was built as a fortress on the right bank of the Volga. The date of birth of the city is July 2, 1589. The city is 90 km, and is the longest city in Russia. The total area of the city is 565 sq. km. There is an interesting and rich history in Volgograd with a lot of historical monuments, culture and architecture.. Throughout its history the city has changed names three times.. Tsaritsyn - from 1589 to 1925.

Stalingrad - from 1925 to 1961, and from 1961 the city has been known as Volgograd. For more than 400 years, the city has experienced many historical events. Many battles have taken place for control: Stepan Razin captured the city twice in 1670, and in 1708 power passed into the hands of Kondrat Bulavin. In 1774 Yemelyan Pugachev tried to take the city by storm, and in 1918 there was a civil war.The latest and most famous battle, was the ba ttle for Stalingrad during World War II. The Battle of Stalingrad began on the 17th of July 1942, and ended on the 2nd of February 1943. This battle was very fierce, with about a 1000000 bombs being dropped on the city.It was completely destroyed, and more than 2 million Soviet and German soldiers were killed. This battle marked a turning point in the battle against Nazi Germany, and the city rose up from the ashes.

Now Volgograd is the administrative centre of the Volgograd region. This is the most important industrial, economic and cultural / historical center of Russia. Its population is 1023000 people. Major industries are fuel, chemical, petrochemical, woodworking, light industry, food industry, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, machinery, building materials and energy. In Volgograd, there is an airport and railway, and europe's largest river port. Two federal highways also pass through the city. Volgograd is a major tourist center. It is a monument-city and a hero-city, visited by hundreds of thousands of Russian and foreign tourists. They are attracted by Volgagrad s nature, mineral springs, spa s and rest-houses, along with the rich and glorious history. There are many museums and monuments, with a vibrant culture and architecture. The city has a well developed transportation network: buses, trolleybuses, trams, minibuses and taxi, and also Russia's only underground tram system. There are a large numer of hotels in Volgagrad, with plans to build more to satisfy the needs of tourists. After visiting our city, you will have an unforgettable impression.

The hero-city is waiting for you, to show you all of it's power and beauty. Volgograd facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Volgograd The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright The Columbia University Press Volgograd (vôlgəgrät´), formerly Stalingrad, city (1989 pop. 999,000), capital of Volgograd region, SE European Russia, a port on the Volga River and the eastern terminus of the Volga-Don Canal. As a transshipment point, the port handles oil, coal, ore, lumber, and fish. Volgograd is also a major rail center, with connections to Moscow, the Donets Basin, the Caucasus, and SW Siberia. A large hydroelectric dam stands on the Volga just above the city. A center of heavy industry, Volgograd has shipyards, oil refineries, steel and aluminum mills, and tank, tractor, cable, machinery, and chemical factories. Other industries include food processing, flour milling, distilling, sawmilling, tanning, and the manufacture of farm and oil-field equipment.

Founded in 1589 as a stronghold to defend Russia's newly acquired land along the Volga, the city was originally called Tsaritsyn. It fell to the Cossack rebels under Stenka Razin in 1670 and Yemelyan Pugachev in 1774. In the 19th cent. it became an important commercial center. During the Russian civil war the city was defended (1918) by Soviet forces under Stalin , Voroshilov , and Budenny , but White troops under Denikin took it in 1919–20. The city was renamed Stalingrad in 1925, then Volgograd in 1961, following Nikita Khrushchev 's denunciations of Stalin's dictatorship. During World War II, the city was nearly destroyed in a battle that marked a major turning point in the war and a landmark in military history. In Sept., 1942, a German army exceeding 500,000 men (including Italians, Hungarians, and Romanians) and commanded by Gen.

Friedrich von Paulus began an all-out attack on Stalingrad, which was defended by 16 Soviet divisions under Gen. Vasily I. Chuikov. Stalin ordered that the city be held at all costs. After two months of house-to-house fighting, the Germans had taken most of the city, but the Soviet garrison, receiving supplies across the Volga, held out, thus giving Gen. Georgi Zhukov time to prepare a counteroffensive. Hitler reaffirmed his intention to take Stalingrad, despite great losses and lack of reserves. He refused, against his general staff's advice, to allow Paulus to withdraw. In Nov., 1942, two Soviet forces, advancing from the north and south in a pincers movement, encircled the Germans. In December a German relief force was routed. Paulus surrendered the remnants of his army on Feb. 2, 1943. The combined German and Soviet losses during the battle were staggering—the Germans alone suffered approximately 300,000 casualties. The Soviets followed up with a westward drive and generally remained on the offensive for the remainder of the war. Rebuilding began immediately after the city's liberation.

See A. Beevor, Stalingrad (1998). Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. MLA World Encyclopedia © World Encyclopedia 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. Volgograd Major Russian inland port on the River Volga , the e terminus of the Volga -Don Canal. During the Civil War that followed the Russian Revolution, it was defended by Bolshevik troops under Stalin (1918–20), and was renamed Stalingrad in his honour (1925). In the winter of 1942–43, it was almost completely destroyed in a fierce battle that halted the German advance. Rebuilt after World War 2 and renamed Volgograd in 1961, it is a major rail and industrial centre. Industries: oil-refining, shipbuilding, chemicals, aluminium, steel, farm vehicles. Pop. (1999) 1,000,000. Cite this article Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes © Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes 2007, originally published by Oxford University Press 2007.

Volgograd •ad, add, Allahabad , bad, Baghdad , bedad, begad, cad, Chad , clad, dad, egad, fad, forbade, gad, glad, grad, had, jihad, lad, mad, pad, plaid, rad, Riyadh , sad, scad, shad, Strad, tad, trad •chiliad • oread •dryad, dyad, naiad, triad •Sinbad • Ahmadabad • Jalalabad •Faisalabad • Islamabad • Hyderabad •grandad • Soledad • Trinidad •doodad • Galahad • Akkad • ecad •cycad, nicad •ironclad • nomad • maenad •monad, trichomonad •gonad • scratch pad • sketch pad •keypad • helipad • launch pad •notepad • footpad • touch pad • farad •tetrad • Stalingrad • Leningrad •Conrad • Titograd • undergrad •Volgograd • Petrograd • hexad •Mossad • Upanishad • pentad •heptad • octad Cite this article

Question: The city known as Stalingrad from 1925 to 1961 stands on which major river?
Answer: VOLGA