Dublin | Uncyclopedia | Fandom powered by Wikia established 3 Months after Leo Burdocks opened “You see lads, The Irish are the blacks of Europe, and the Dubliners are the blacks of Ireland. And the Northside Dubliners are the blacks of Dublin.” ~ Roddy Doyle Dublin is the largest city in Ireland and is the capital city. In Irish, it is offically called Baile Átha Cliath. The English name is said to be derived from the Irish Dubh Linn meaning "black pool", which is believed to refer either to the only indoor swimming pool open to Irish of the African complexion persuasion at that time which was at the mouth of the river Liffey near the Ringsend sewer works or to a pool of filth which was exorcised from the rectum of Brian Boru by a minor saint sometime in the sixth century AD . Contents edit History Dublin was founded in 841AD as a Viking settlement and DHL hub . It soon became the centre of Ireland's booming raping and pillaging industry with support from EU structural funds .

The city was then invaded repeatedly several times a year by the native Irish, Vikings, Normans, British and Travellers until it eventually ended up in the hands of the British . During the 1916 Easter Rising , several key buildings around the city were taken over by rebels. The Easter Rising was named after the yeast bread production a bakery in "Donnybrook" and gave rise to the song "The Rising of the Johnston Mooney and O'Brien". edit Public transport There is a banana train service called the Lewis, which is hilariously misspelled as Luas. The service is known for its very (very very very) close relationship to the bus service, and for the Luas ambassadors, known locally as 'scumbags', who are located at each stop and will "break your face" unless you let them press the buttons on the ticketing machine. Those citizens who cannot afford luxurious German cars are transported throughout the city on double-decker buses. The fastest bus line is XXX and can be easily recognised by the "Sorry not in service" label on the front. This line covers the entire city and runs frequently. edit Geology Dublin is the capital city of Ireland.

The island of Ireland, located off western Europe is unique, as its landmass is entirely composed of a Newtonian Fluid, its solidity is only maintained by the action of the Irish constantly jumping up and down on its surface, hence the term "Bog Hoppers" for the Irish. While the climate of Ireland is officially described as temperate it has more accurately been described by National Geographic as "miserable". The Irish language has never had a word for "Yes" and this has always made decision making in Ireland difficult. To avoid this problem a referendum was held on using English as the official language given it's natural advantage of having the word "yes" in its vocabulary. The Irish have since taken to the word "yes" with gusto, much preferring it to its opposite "no". The result being that almost any question will now be answered with "yes" or some approximation thereof, for example, "ah ya, I'll do that now/straight away/next week". In fact none of these answers can be taken to indicate any kind of positive response or timeframe. Timeframes are further complicated by the Irish use of the Bogonian calendar and their extreme comfort with ambiguity.

The Bogonian calendar is based on a 4-7 day week meaning that no one really knows when the weekend is, also leading to confusion as to which days form part of the working week. Scheduling and keeping appointments are therefore virtually impossible. edit Referendum Following the EU/German bailout of Ireland, it was decided to rename the country, the options being West Prussia or Freistat West Boggerania. The same referendum will decide if the capital will be called Publin. Freistat West Boggerania appears to be the favourite as it contains a reference to Ireland's failed experiment with independence, acknowledges its western location and clearly refers to its status as a bog. Baile Atha Cliath - definition of Baile Atha Cliath by The Free Dictionary Baile Atha Cliath - definition of Baile Atha Cliath by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Related to Baile Atha Cliath: Irish capital Baile Átha Cliath n (Placename) the Irish Gaelic name for Dublin Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content .

Link to this page: Dublin References in periodicals archive ? Brits weren't much better - they also struggled to recognise Baile Atha Cliath when asked to identify it without the bridge. WALES: Emerging Irish artists find a North Wales showcase Willie Mullins, the man I still think of as the jockey who produced the best winning ride I've ever seen at Aintree, when, as a mere youth, he went round the inside where the old drops were steepest on a horse called Baile Atha Cliath, is the one who draws the straw. Dublin | Define Dublin at Dictionary.com Dublin noun 1. Gaelic Baile Àtha Cliath. a seaport in and the capital of the Republic of Ireland, in the E part, on the Irish Sea. 2. a county in E Republic of Ireland. 356 sq. mi. (922 sq. km). County seat: Dublin. 3. a city in central Georgia. Ireland [ahyuh r-luh nd] /ˈaɪər lənd/ Spell noun 1. John, 1838–1918, U.S.

Roman Catholic clergyman and social reformer, born in Ireland: archbishop of St. Paul, Minn., 1888–1918. 2. Also called Emerald Isle. Latin Hibernia . a large western island of the British Isles, comprising Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. 32,375 sq. mi. (83,850 sq. km). 3. Republic of. Formerly Irish Free State (1922–37)Also called Eire (1937–49)a republic occupying most of the island of Ireland. 27,137 sq. mi. (70,285 sq. km). Capital: Dublin. Heraldry. a coat of arms blazoned as follows: Azure, a harp or stringed argent. Related forms Examples from the Web for Dublin Expand Contemporary Examples The girl was reunited with her mother at a Dublin police station after 72 hours of enforced separation. Irish Nationality Alice Stopford Green O'Brien started a tobacco store in Dublin, where he still is.

Mary, Mary James Stephens It would have done Motte no harm, for no English copy has been sold, but the Dublin one has run prodigiously. British Dictionary definitions for Dublin Expand noun 1. the capital of the Republic of Ireland, on Dublin Bay: under English rule from 1171 until 1922; commercial and cultural centre; contains one of the world's largest breweries and exports whiskey, stout, and agricultural produce. Pop: 1 004 614 (2002) Gaelic name Baile Átha Cliath 2. a county in E Republic of Ireland, in Leinster on the Irish Sea: mountainous in the south but low-lying in the north and centre. County seat: Dublin. Pop: 1 122 821 (2002). Area: 922 sq km (356 sq miles) Ireland1 noun 1.

an island off NW Europe: part of the British Isles, separated from Britain by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel; contains large areas of peat bog, with mountains that rise over 900 m (3000 ft) in the southwest and several large lakes. It was conquered by England in the 16th and early 17th centuries and ruled as a dependency until 1801, when it was united with Great Britain until its division in 1921 into the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland Latin name Hibernia 2. Republic of Ireland, Irish Republic, Southern Ireland, a republic in NW Europe occupying most of Ireland: established as the Irish Free State (a British dominion) in 1921 and declared a republic in 1949; joined the European Community (now the European Union) in 1973. Official languages: Irish (Gaelic) and English. Currency: euro. Capital: Dublin. Pop: 4 775 982 (2013 est).

Area: 70 285 sq km (27 137 sq miles) Top interesting facts about Ireland’s capital, Dublin City | IrishCentral.com Top interesting facts about Ireland’s capital, Dublin City IrishCentral Staff Writers / Dublin's iconic Ha'Penny Bridge. What makes the people of Ireland unique?Photocall Ireland Dublin is the capital city of the Ireland, there are over 1.5 million residents and the pubs are good. This is all true, but they’re hardly facts that are going to blow your socks off! Perhaps you are heading away on vacation to Dublin or maybe you would just like to get your facts straight. Let us impart to you some less known facts about Dublin. Here are ten trivia facts about Dublin’s fair city: 1.The name for Dublin in the Irish language is both Dubh Linn and Baile Átha Cliath. While walking around Dublin you’re more likely to see the latter on road signs. The literal meaning of Átha Cliath is "Ford of the Reed Hurdles." Dublin or Dubh Linn is derived from the Old Irish Gaelic, which has its literal meaning "Black Pool".

The Dubh Linn was a lake used by the Vikings to moor their trade ships and was connected to the Liffey by the River Poddle. 2. The city of Dublin covers a land area of 44.5 square miles. The average temperature in January is 41°F and the July Average is 63°F. It is estimated that 50% of the city’s residents are under-25 years of age. My advice dress warmly and party hard. 3. Dublin is twinned to cities Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain, Liverpool in the United Kingdom and San Jose, in California. 4. Dublin's O'Connell Bridge that covers the famed River Liffey is reckoned to be the only bridge in the European continent that has the same width as its length. This present concrete structure was built in 1863, replacing a wooden bridge built in 1801. Amazingly, prior to that time, O'Connell Bridge was a rope structure that could only carry one person and a donkey at a time. 5.

Dublin has a renowned history in the Literary and Movie World with celebrated native names such George Bernard Shaw (dramatist, critic & Nobel Prize winner), James Joyce (writer and poet and writer of Ulysses), Oscar Wilde (playwright, poet, essayist & novelist) and Dracula creator Bram Stoker to name but a few. Prominent Hollywood Actors hailing from the city include Maureen O’Hara, Brendan Gleeson, Gabriel Byrne and Colin Farrell. 6. The "Oldest Pub in Ireland" is reputed to be located in Dublin. The pub is called the Brazen Head. There has been a pub on this site since 1198. 7. Handel’s classic "Messiah" was premiered for the first time in 1742 in Dublin at the New Music Hall in Fishamble Street, with 26 boys and five men from the St Patrick’s and Christchurch choir cathedrals taking part. 8. Dublin is home to many of Ireland’s most famous musicians, from the Dubliners and Thin Lizzy to Sinead O’Connor and U2. Many of U2’s back catalogue of albums were recorded in their home city.

Windmill Lane Studios was the place where U2 recorded their early work and first three albums. The site at Windmill Lane Studios is covered in graffiti from fans that have paid pilgrimage from all over the world and is known as the "U2 Wall." 9. Trinity College, the ancient Dublin university set up at the request of Queen Elizabeth I, has had some memorable graduates including Oscar Wilde, Jonathan Swift and, surprisingly, Bram Stoker, creator of Dracula. 10. None of the so-called Dublin Mountains is high enough to meet the criteria required to claim mountain status. The Sugarloaf is the tallest 'Dublin Mountain' yet measures a mere 423.3 meters above sea level. About the Irish Language About the Irish Language To visitors to Ireland, Irish comes to one's attention most often via seemingly indecipherable words on signs and maps. ander or next to the word Dublin stands some Baile Átha Cliath (spoken blah cleea or bailyah cleea ). The former Kingston exists in the Republic of Ireland but now as Dún Laoghaire (spoken doon leera), Limerick called in Irish Luimneach (spoken leemrehkh).

The entire country is called Éire (spoken eareh) or in the long form Poblacht na hÉireann (spoken poblekht ne hairen) It is often, even in Dublin, substantially easier to reach the city centre when you know that the same is called an Lár in Irish. It may also come to a few silly misanderstandings at the doors to public toilets: an "M" means mná = ladies (spoken mrah or menah), whereas an "F" stands for fir = men! From these points, it already becomes clear that Irish is rather not an english dialect, but something completely different. The Relationships Between the Languages Irish is only distantly related to German or English. All 3 belong to the indo-european languages. This is, mind you, a very large language family which spans from Iceland to Ceylon.

Among those counted are the germanic, celtic, slavic, baltic, romance, northern indian, iranian, greek, armenian, albanian and many other languages.(nearly all european languages except Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Basque and Turkish) German and English are- not surprisingly- part of the germanic branch , while Irish is a celtic language. The Celtic Languages are roughly divided into 2 main groups, the Insular Celtic and the Mainland Celtic. The latter became extinct already in the time of the Roman Empire. It was to this group that languages such as Gaulish belonged. Insular Celtic lived on due to a lack of extensive Roman influence. A second division is made: the Goidelic ("q-celtic", modern Gaelic) and the Bretonic ("p-celtic" or Brythonic) [ 1 ]. To the Brythonic belong: modern Welsh [Cymraeg] in Wales, Breton [Brezhoneg] in Bretagne(Brittany) and the unfortunately extinct Cornish [Kernewek] in Cornwall (which is being revived with astonishing sucess).

Even Breton is, in a sense, an "insular celtic" language, because their people settled over from Britannia in the early Middle Ages to the Mainland. Languages in Ireland The majority of Irish people speak not Irish but English in everyday life. The Irish English (Hiberno-English) differs through the Irish accent and smaller further influences of Irish Gaelic. There is virtually no Irishman who isn't well versed in English, but inversely considerably many who can't speak Irish. Aside from thses two most important languages there is also Shelta (Traveller Cant, Sheldru), the language of the Irish Travellers. It bases in the vocabulary of Irish, is technically also a celtic language and is used by approx. 6000 people in Ireland (outside of Ireland by 80000 emigrants). In Ulster (Northern Ireland and Donegal) Scots (Lallans), thanks to the Scottish settlers of the 17th C, is also spoken, and the Irish variant is called Ullans (Ulster Lallans). Scottish Gaelic is, however, not spoken in Ireland.

Although, some constructs of Ulster Irish come close to the Scottish Gaelic through Scottish immigrants (e.g. in Antrim). On the Isle of Rathlin, after a resettling of the island, more Scottish Gaels than any other group, so that their dialect was Scottish Gaelic, though this is no longer active since the end of the 19th Century. Gaelic Gaelic (Goidelic) was originally only spoken in Ireland. It spread out over to the Isle of Man and Scotland, where once the Picts lives (a partly pre-celtic, partly celtic people about whose language(s) is not much known). From this there are today three languages: Irish Gaelic [Gaeilge], Scottish Gaelic [Gàidhlig] and Manx Gaelic [Gaelg]. These 3 split first in the Middle Ages and have remained quite similar, and there is generally no need for additional translation for an understanding(it is comparable to the similarity between German and Dutch). The Gaelic languages all shared ultimately the same fate, namely the gradual displacement by English, for the larger England attained the rule over the British Isles and kept this until well into the 20th Century.

Gaelic had no place therein, and was banned out of public life, the schools, the courts etc.. Since the early 17th Cent., the flight of the last of the Gaelic Princes from Ulster, there had been no Irish speaking upper class. The following aristocrats were mostly immigrants from England with land claims. In the post-1830 instituted schools, it was all but explicitly forbidden to speak Gaelic, and it was certainly frowned upon. The famine from 1845-48 in Ireland and the following waves of emigration which most greatly impacted the poor, Gaelic-speaking rural population, led finally up to a virtual extinction of the language in the 19th Century, although in the beginning of the 19th Cent. there were still large parts of Ireland that remained Irish-speaking. Those who wanted to emigrate, had to be able to speak English and those who wanted to stay even moreso, so that Irish-speaking parents adopted the slogan "Keep Irish from the children" . Also not to be ignored is the role of the Catholic Church, which was rather more interested in English-speaking (and therewith better adaptable for missionary work) members.

In addition, the Irish Nation defined itself less through its ethnic roots as through its Catholic confession, so there was no need for the Gaelic language in order to separate themselves from the English. It was first later, at the end of the 19th Century, that the interest in Celtic culture and language reawakened, and by then the majority of the population was already English-speaking. Only in remote areas, in which "the Empire" had no great interest, remained untouched. It is for this reason that language-isolated areas developed. These lie far apart from one another, and are today called "Gaeltachts". One cannot say that the Irish are to be held accountable for "all too willingly" giving up their language; it is rather remarkable, that Irish managed to survive. Today there are 3 main dialects (canúintí) of Irish [ 2 ], namely that of Munster [Gaolainn/Gaeilge na Mumhan], Connacht [Gaeilge Connacht] and Ulster [Gaeilig/Gaeilge Uladh], which are again then split into their respective sub-divisions. The differences are much smaller than, say, those between Plattdeutsch and Bavarian.

Ulster-Gaelic (only spoken now in Donegal, Dún na nGall or Tír Chonnail) is, in fact, quite similar to Scottish Gaelic. Due to a lack of native speakers, Leinster (Cúige Laighean) has no own dialect anymore. Most Irish speakers found there today are that of the Lárchanúint ("central dialect"), an artificially created dialect, especially in Dublin (Baile Átha Cliath).The Lárchanúint and its pronunciation is based heavily on the modern spellings and in the standardised grammar. In some areas of County Meath (Contae na Mí) live some immigrant native speakers from Connacht, carrying on the specialities of that particular dialect. Because of these dialectical differences, a so-called official standard grammar[an Caighdeán Oifigiúil] has been developed, especially for official matters. It is also being attempted to push this standard up against the dialects in order to unify the language. There is not a great difference (e.g. in Welsh) between oral and written Irish, in view of the grammar or vocabulary.

History of Irish The Celts came to Ireland around 500 BC and mingled with the native (pre-indoeuropean) people. Due to a lack of written history, not much is able to be said about Goidelic, the language of those early Celts. From the time period from around 500 - 700 AD there are a few inscriptions in Ogham-Script, these are however not very numerous and contain mainly names. The language recorded in this form is known as Archaic Irish (an Ghaeilge Ársa). First with the Christianisation, are the earliest manuscripts to be found (in latin script). This form of speech, Old Irish (an tSean-Ghaeilge) was used from approx. 700-900. This was the "golden age" of Ireland, the time of closters and high culture, while outside of Ireland a rather culturally dark epoch after the period migration reigned. Irish was one of the first european languages, in which, next to Latin and Greek, a noteworthy amount of literature was created.

This cultural blossoming ended with the invasion of the Vikings; also the Irish language was hit hard by this downfall, what also led to a simplification in the(beforehand very komplicated) rules governing inflexion. Only a few Scandinavian words were incorporated (e.g.: fuinneog = "windeye" = window). This epoch is called the Middle Irish (an Mheán-Ghaeilge)and took place between 900-1200. Following the Norman invasion it came to yet another 1200-1600 blossoming of Gaelic culture, so that the immigrant Normans were actually assimilated and even took on the Irish language (as one used to say: "Hiberniores Hibernicis ipsis = Irisher as the Irish themseves"). Many words of the Norman French were taken up (e.g.: garsún = boy). The Early Modern Irish or Classical Irish (an Ghaeilge Chlasaiceach) used at this time was the unified literary norm in all of Ireland and Scotland.

We speak of Mornem Irish or Modern Irish (an Nua-Ghaeilge) from 1600 on, as the Classical Irish faded out of use. It split itself off from Scottish Gaelic completely and reduced its previous higher status to assume that of a strictly rural language. With the victories of Cromwell and and the following importation of Protestants, and the revoking of the power of the last of the Gaelic aristocracy in the 17th Century. also the unity of Classical Irish disappeared. The dialectical differences that had existed beforehand now greatened and dominated the language and the literary tradition crumbled completely. First again in the 19th Century awoke interest in the language anew, and with it a new literature. The defenders of the Irish vernacular triumphed against Traditionalists, who intended to revive the Classical Irish. Despite this, traditional and antiquated forms remained in both grammar and spelling. A spelling reform was first to be a success in 1945. The Gaeltachts (na Gaeltachtaí) These are the areas of Ireland, in which (more or less) in everyday life, Irish is spoken.

Cúige Connacht (Connacht) Contae na Gaillimhe (County Galway) 1. Cois Fharraige in eastern Conamara (Connemara) with Bearna, Na Forbacha (Furbo), An Spidéal (Spiddal), Indreabhán (Inverin), 2. Ceantar na nOileáin (Islands District) in western Conamara with Carna, Glinsce (Glinsk), Cill Chiaráin (Kilkieran), Camas (Camus), Rós Muc (Rosmuck), Leitir Mór (Lettermore), Tír an Fhia (Teeranea), Leitir Mealláin (Lettermullin), An Cheathrú Rua (Carraroe), Rós an Mhíl (Rossaveel) 3.

Dúiche Sheoigheach (Joyce Country) in northern Conamara along with Sraith Salach (Recess), An Teach Dóite (Maam Cross), An Mám (Maam), Corr na Móna (Cornamona), An Fhairche (Clonbur) 4. Oileáin Árann (Aran Inseln) with the islands Inis Mór (Inishmore), Inis Meáin (Inishmaan), Inis Oírr (Inisheer) 5. Eastern Galway with Eanach Dhúín (Annaghdown), Mionlach (Menlo), Baile an Chláir (Claregalway) Contae Mhaigh Eo (County Mayo) 1. Tuar Mhic Éadaigh (Tourmakeady) bordering on northern Conamara including An tSráth (Srah), Mám Trasna (Maamtrasna), Fionnaithe (Finny) 2.

Oileán Acla (Achill Island) with Domha Éige (Dooega), Gob an Choire (Achill Soand) as well as the bordering mainland, Leithinis an Chorráin (the Corraun-Peninsula) with An Corrán, An Mhála Raithní (Mulrany) 3. West Iorras (Erris) with Leithinis an Mhuirthid (der Mullet-Peninsula) with Eachléim (Aughleam), An Fod Dubh (Blacksod), Béal an Mhuirthead (Belmullet) as well as the bordering mainland with Gaoth Sáile (Geesala), Dumha Thuama (Doohoma), Dún Chaocháin, Ceathrú Thaidhg (Carrowteige), Barr na Trá (Barnatra), Gleann na Muigh (Glenamoy), Béal Derrig (Beldeirg) Cúige Uladh (Ulster) 2.

Baile Ghib (Gibbstown) Regarding the number of speakers Irish Gaelic is today spoken by a few ten-thousands of people in the gaeltachts as their mother tongue, and we'll say a few handred-thousand, who master it to the degree of fluency. According to the Census, 1.4 Million Irish citizens of the Republic would consider themselves (40%) as Irish-speaking, as well as 143 000 (10%) in Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann). It is the first official language in the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann) and therewith also an official language of the European Union (An Comhphobal Eorpach), where one can be convinced by glimpse in a passport (Pas) and a driver's license (Ceadúnas Tiomána). Scottish Gaelic is spoken by just under 70 000 and mainly on the westward lying islands (Hebriden) and in the Highlands.

Of course there are also those in Glaschu (Glasgow) and Dùn Eideann (Edinburgh) and other cities in Scotland (Alba), who keep up the ancestral tongue of their forefathers (and mothers). Not to be confused with Gaelic is Scots (or Lallans), a germanic language related to English language of the scottish Lowlands. Nova Scotia (Alba Nua) in Canada isn't just a name, there are also those there who speak Gaelic (on Cape Breton Island). Manx Gaelic, since the death of the 93 year-old Ned Madrell in the year 1974, has amongst the 80 000 inhabitants of the Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin) not a single native speaker. It is, by a few hundred people, increasingly being maintained, or better, revived. According to the 1991 census there were 634 Manx speakers, and in the last census in 2001 already 1689 (2.2% der Bevölkerung). the Script Irish is written in the latin alphabet, or so it seems.

Older documents and decorative inscriptions use also an older calligraphic style (Cló Gaelach) , which has hardly changed in over 1000 years, here is the alphabet: Here a sample text (The Lord's Prayer) Before the introduction of the latin script, one wrote in Ogham script (those are slanted lines engraved in stone edges). The orthography demonstrates even in modern script some unique qualities. So, the letters j, k, q, v, w, x, y, z are missing completely (except in foreign words). All other consonants exist practically twofold, because one differentiates between a "broad" and "slender" consonant. These exist as phonemes in German as well, but there is makes no difference in the meaning, as to which one is taken (if one speaks "ich" correct or with a "ch" as in "Bach" it doesn't matter, everyone knows that my humble self is intended. Furthermore, the"ch" is already the only sound, where any difference is noticed in German). In Irish, the differences are much more important.

If one book or many, it's only discernable by listening to the final consonant: a slender r means "books" (leabhair) a broad one denotes "a book" (leabhar). Unfortunately, the latin alphabet only contains one of each "b", "c", "d", "f", etc. To make the difference clear between "broad" and "slender" in writing, one takes the aid of vowels. Preceding and following a slender one writes a slender vowel (e, i), next to a broad consonant, broad vowels (a, o, u). This means that a portion of the vowels aren't intended to be spoken, e.g. das "i" in "leabhair". Should a broad vowel be framed by 2 slender phonemes, one must, for better or for worse, write 3 vowels, namely: 2 slender (before and after the broad vowel), that is spoken in the end as one (which partially explains the abundance of vowels in Irish words).

Those wishing to acquaint themselves with the difference between a, let's say, broad B and a slender B , should start by forming their lips as if they were produce a B and try at the same time to say "bó" (Irish for "cow"), then try the same, this time with "bí" (bí = Irish "be!"), then compare the positioning of the lips used. As one can see, we automatically take a slender b before e, i and a broad before a, o, u. In Irish it is only allowed to speak before a broad vowel a slender consonant and vice versa! So, form your lips again to a "bi" but then say "bo", without changing your lip formation. What comes out now is the Irish word "beo" = "lively". If you do it exactly the other way around (lips pouted for "bo" and then saying "bi"), you get the word "buí" = "yellow". In the process you're making little glides, a bit like a "y" in the case of beo, and a little like "u" in the case of buí.

Keep in mind that these are never strong, clear y and u, and heaven forbid you go saying "byo" or "buoy"! The words "bo" and "beo" as well as "bí" and "buí" differ only in their "broad" consonant B, the "e" in beo and the "u" in buí are technically unvoiced, they serve only the purpose of denoting the B as "broad" or "slender". It is principally impossible, that a consonant preceded by "i" and then directly followed by an "a". For example, "icha": this would lead to confusion (is that "ch" broad as in ach (kh) or slender as in ich (xh)) In this aspect, the Irish lexicography is quite clear: is can only be written ichea, or iacha (whatever those may mean). Another difficult part is presented by lenition (seimhiú): following some consonants appears an h, which alters the consonant quite considerably in the pronunciation. To many, this is a help: c to ch, p to ph, b to bh ("w").

Others are a bit odd: m to mh (like "v"), g to gh (broad gh: a bit like g in berlinerisch "sagen", slender gh: like y), d to dh (like gh), s to sh ("h"), t to th (also"h"), an fh disappears in the pronunciation completely. In older texts one finds, in place of the h, a dot above the lenited consonant (it looks then much clearer then). Often one finds at the beginning of a word combinations like gc, bp, nd, dt, bhf, but have no fear, one only needs here to pronounce the first consonant, also g, b, n, d, bh (a lenited b). The second is left out ("eclipsed" as the latin speakers say, and from this comes the name of this phenomenon: eclipsis (urú). To simply not write the second consonant, is not something to wish for, for it helps immensely in the recogniseability of the word. (otherwise one wouldn't know if "bhear" was an eclipsed "fear" or a lenited "bear".

When you see bhfear it's clearer, and one can open the dictionary under "fear" and find "man", if you looked up "bear" you would only find "béar = bear" or "beár = Bar" ) Just to be thorough: an eclipsed g is ng, but is still spoken like "ng". Lenition and eclipsis are grammar rules that govern the mutations of words depending on the case, number, with or without article etc. and only the initial ones! Irish alters words not only at the beginning but also at the end. This is a bit frightening, for one must finally recognize a word from the spoken language by its stem. Changes to this make the task of the learner all the more difficult. He who starts swearing here, can recall learning German. Stuff like that doesn't happen there (or only orally) but for that we switch around the vowels or pull umlauts out of the middle of nowhere, which certainly causes the temporal arteries of learners of German sicher oft to swell in exasperation.

(here's a good example: schwölle, schwellt, schwillt, geschwollen, der Schwall:-) ) As with "béar/beár" one finds over many a vowel and accent mark, síneadh fada or short, fada. This does not apply to the accentuation, but to the length of the vowels, without such marks, the vowels are mostly spoken as short. This has a very good reason. "fear" differs from "féar" only in this little "tick", but the one is spoken [fär] and the other [fe:r], the first meaning "man" the second "grass". If one had seen a bear (béar) or a bar (beár) is also no moot point (also when the former implies that you have seen the latter, in such a bearless but bar-rich place like Ireland :-) As one can see, the wads of letters that appear in Irish words do follow a rhyme and reason after all. Although one can't exactly say that Irish is "written as spoken"! As a consolation it should be said that before the spelling reform in the 50s the written word was much more complicated and significantly different from the spoken.

English or French orthography isn't exactly easy either. To whomever, despite all the conflicting interests and the not exactly impressive number of possible conversational partners, wants to learn Irish, may they be getting a "Go n-éirí an bóthar leat" with them on their way. Slán go fóill, Lars Baile ÁthaCliath | Article about Baile ÁthaCliath by The Free Dictionary Baile ÁthaCliath | Article about Baile ÁthaCliath by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Dublin, county (1991 pop. 1,025,304, including the city of Dublin), 327 sq mi (847 sq km), E central Republic of Ireland, on the Irish Sea. The region is dominated by Dublin Dublin, Irish Baile Átha Cliath, county borough (1991 pop. 915,516), Leinster, capital of the Republic of Ireland, on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the Liffey River. Its harbor, with shipyards, docks, and quays, dates from 1714. .....

Click the link for more information. , which is the county seat and capital of the Republic. The area is low-lying in the north and center, rising to the Wicklow Mts. in the south. The chief river is the Liffey, which bisects the city of Dublin and empties into Dublin Bay. Two islands, Lambay and Ireland's Eye, are off the coast. The rural area, upon which the city has increasingly encroached, is devoted to dairy farming and the raising of wheat, barley, and potatoes. Cattle are also grazed; fishing is pursued along the coast. Industries include chocolate and cement in the west, and the town of Balbriggan is noted for its hosiery manufacture. The National Botanic Gardens are in Glasnevin, just outside Dublin. Organized as a county by King John of England in the early 13th cent., Dublin, heart of the English Pale Pale. 1 In Irish and English history, that district of indefinite and varying limits around Dublin, in which English law prevailed. The term was first used in the 14th cent. to designate what had previously been called English land. ..... Click the link for more information.

, was strongly guarded by castles along its boundaries. Dublin, Irish Baile Átha Cliath, county borough (1991 pop. 915,516), Leinster, capital of the Republic of Ireland, on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the Liffey River. Its harbor, with shipyards, docks, and quays, dates from 1714. It is the center of the Irish railway network. It has an international airport and regular ferry service to Holyhead, Wales. The old Royal and Grand canals, connecting Dublin with the interior, have been superseded by railroads for most commercial traffic. Agricultural products, whiskey, and stout are the chief exports. Dublin's chief industries are brewing, textile manufacturing (silk making was introduced by Huguenot refugees in the 16th cent.), distilling, shipbuilding, food processing, and the manufacture of foundry products, glass, and cigarettes. Microprocessors are produced in the suburb of Leixlip. The Irish legislature, the Dáil Éireann, is in Leinster House. Points of Interest The Univ.

of Dublin, or Trinity College (founded 1591), has in its library the famous Book of Kells and a copy of every book published in the British Isles. University College (Roman Catholic) was incorporated in 1909 as part of the National Univ. of Ireland. Dublin Castle (c.1220 but much altered since) was the residence of the lords lieutenants of Ireland until 1922 and now houses government facilities and the Charles Beatty Library. Another important library is the National Library of Ireland, founded in 1877. The city's earliest church, Christ Church, was founded in 1038; in 1172 Strongbow built a new church (restored 1871–78) on this site, and his tomb is there. St. Patrick's is the national cathedral of the Protestant Church of Ireland; Jonathan Swift Swift, Jonathan, 1667–1745, English author, b. Dublin. He is widely recognized as one of the greatest satirists in the English language. Early Life and Works ..... Click the link for more information.

, buried there, was dean from 1713 to 1745. Kilmainham Hospital, a notable structure that is no longer a hospital, dates from 1679. The General Post Office (1818) is important primarily as a key site in the Easter Uprising (1916); nearby is the 394-ft (120-m) Spire of Dublin (2003). Dublin has a national museum, noted for its collection of Irish antiquities, and the National Gallery of Art, which has a good collection of old masters. History Dublin was a Viking town until 1014, when Brian Boru Brian Boru or Brian Boroimhe , 940?–1014, king of Ireland. A clan prince, he succeeded his brother Mathghamhain, who had seized the throne of Munster from the Eogharacht rulers (963). ..... Click the link for more information. defeated the Vikings at nearby Clontarf. The Vikings established themselves again until Richard Strongbow, 2d earl of Pembroke Pembroke, Richard de Clare, 2d earl of, d.

1176, English nobleman, also known as Richard Strongbow. He went as an adventurer (1170) to Ireland at the request of the hard-pressed Dermot McMurrough, king of Leinster. ..... Click the link for more information. , captured the city for the English in 1170. In 1172, Henry II of England came to Dublin and granted the city to the "men of Bristol"; it became the seat of English government and center of the Pale Pale. 1 In Irish and English history, that district of indefinite and varying limits around Dublin, in which English law prevailed. The term was first used in the 14th cent. to designate what had previously been called English land. ..... Click the link for more information. . In 1209 occurred the Black Monday massacre of English residents. Edward Bruce Bruce, Edward, d. 1318, Scottish king of Ireland, brother of Robert I of Scotland. He aided his brother in the war for independence from England and in 1315 was declared heir to Robert's throne. With Robert's approval he then invaded Ulster, to which he had some hereditary claim. .....

Click the link for more information. unsuccessfully assaulted the town in the early 14th cent. In the English civil war English civil war, 1642–48, the conflict between King Charles I of England and a large body of his subjects, generally called the "parliamentarians," that culminated in the defeat and execution of the king and the establishment of a republican commonwealth. ..... Click the link for more information. the city surrendered (1647) to the parliamentarians, and Oliver Cromwell Cromwell, Oliver , 1599–1658, lord protector of England. Parliamentary General The son of a gentry family, he entered Cambridge in 1616 but probably left the next year. ..... Click the link for more information. landed there in 1649. James II held (1689) his last Parliament in Dublin. After winning the battle of the Boyne Boyne, river, c.70 mi (110 km) long, rising in the Bog of Allen, Co. Kildare, E Republic of Ireland, and flowing NE through Co. Meath, past Trim, to the Irish Sea near Drogheda.

Salmon is caught in the river. ..... Click the link for more information. , William III entered the city in 1690. From 1782 to 1800, when the Irish Parliament (the so-called Grattan's Parliament) enjoyed temporary independence of England, Dublin experienced a prosperous and stimulating era; many of the city's buildings date from this period. After the Act of Union of 1800, which sent Irish representatives to the British Parliament, many wealthy aristocrats moved from their Dublin mansions to London, and the years of prosperity ended. In the 19th cent. Dublin saw much bloodshed in connection with nationalist efforts to free Ireland from English rule—the insurrection led by Robert Emmet Emmet, Robert, 1778–1803, Irish nationalist and revolutionary. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin, but left in 1798 because of his nationalist sympathies. In 1800 he went to France, where with exiled United Irishmen he planned a French-aided uprising in Ireland. ..... Click the link for more information.

in 1803; the 1867 uprising of the Fenian movement Fenian movement or Fenians, secret revolutionary society organized c.1858 in Ireland and the United States to achieve Irish independence from England by force. ..... Click the link for more information. ; and the murder (1882) of Lord Frederick Cavendish, chief secretary for Ireland, and his undersecretary in Phoenix Park during terrorist activity and agitation by the Land League. Dublin also became the center of a Gaelic renaissance: the Gaelic League was founded there in 1893, and the Abbey Theatre Abbey Theatre, Irish theatrical company devoted primarily to indigenous drama. W. B. Yeats was a leader in founding (1902) the Irish National Theatre Society with Lady Gregory, J. M. Synge, and A. E. (George Russell) contributing their talents as directors and dramatists. ..... Click the link for more information. began producing Irish plays. In 1913 the city was paralyzed by strikes, eventually culminating in the Easter Rebellion of 1916.

The early troubles of the Irish Free State led to the worst period of bloodshed in Dublin's history (see Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Republic of, Gaelic, Eire, republic (2005 est. pop. 4,016,000), 27,136 sq mi (70,282 sq km). It occupies all but the northeastern corner of the island of Ireland in the British Isles. (For physical geography and history to 1922, see Ireland. ..... Click the link for more information. ). Dublin. 1 Uninc. town (1990 pop. 23,229), Alameda co., W Calif., a growing suburb in the San Francisco–Oakland area. There is light manufacturing. 2 City (1990 pop. 16,312), seat of Laurens co., central Ga., on the Oconee River; inc. 1812. Formerly a center for cotton processing and distribution, it is now a commercial and industrial center with lumbering and diversified manufacturing.

Dublin (Old Irish, Dubhlin— literally, “black pool”; Irish, Baile Atha Cliath—“place by a ford, overgrown with reeds”), the capital of the Republic of Ireland and the political, economic, and cultural center of the country. Dublin is located in the eastern part of the island of Ireland, on Dublin Bay of the Irish Sea, at the mouth of the Liffey River. On the south it is bounded by the Wicklow Hills. The climate is maritime moderate, with unstable weather. The average July temperature is 15°-17°C, and the average January temperature is 5°C. The average annual precipitation is 842 mm. The city has an area of approximately 117 sq km. Concentrated in Dublin is 20 percent of the total population of the state— 566,000 residents (1971) or over 600,000 (including the suburbs). Administration. An elected council and a manager appointed by the central authority perform the main duties of municipal administration. The manager has extensive powers, but the competence of the Council is limited to problems of local taxes and collections.

The mayor of Dublin, who is elected for one year, has primarily ceremonial functions. History. Dublin was first mentioned in Irish sources in A.D . 291. During the ninth century the territory of presentday Dublin was captured by Norsemen, who were gradually assimilated by the Irish after their defeat in 1014 in a battle with the troops of the Irish king Brian Boru. In 1170 the region of Dublin was seized by Anglo-Norman feudal lords, and at the end of the 12th century it was transformed into the center of the colonies that they had conquered in Ireland (the so-called pale). Built as a defensive base by the invaders at the beginning of the 13th century, for the Irish people Dublin Castle became a symbol of the English colonial yoke and violence. Since the 17th century Dublin has been one of the centers of the Irish liberation movement. Among the groups active in Dublin were the secret society the United Irishmen, which led the Irish Uprising of 1798, and the Irish Confederation (1847-48).

During the 1860’s the Irish Revolutionary Brotherhood (Fenians) was active in the city, and in 1869 a section of the First International was established there. From August 1913 to January 1914 a mass strike took place, organized by the Union of Transportation and Unskilled Workers. Dublin was the principal arena of the Irish Rising of 1916, and in January 1919 the Irish Parliament (Dáil Éireann) assembled in the city. Under the Treaty of 1921 between Great Britain and Ireland, the British garrison was withdrawn from Dublin on Jan. 6, 1922. The city became the capital of the Irish Free State, which was renamed the Republic of Ireland in 1949. Economy. Its geographical position, which is good for transportation, promoted the transformation of Dublin into the country’s principal economic center. The port of Dublin (connected by means of the Royal and Grand canals with the Shannon basin) is a gateway to the sea and to foreign markets, which Ireland supplies with livestock, meat, hides, and other agricultural products.

(The chief export market is Great Britain.) Railroads and highways lead from Dublin into the interior of the island. The airport (at Collinstown) handles domestic and foreign service, primarily European. The main industries are associated with processing agricultural products and meeting agricultural needs. Branches of the food-processing industry prevail, especially breweries, whiskey distilleries, flour mills, meat-packing plants, and tobacco plants. Light industry is also important, particularly the textile industry, which has been famous since the 17th century for the production of poplin, as well as woolen, linen, and silk fabrics. Branches of the textile industry produce clothing and knit goods; leather goods and jute products are also manufactured. The chemical industry, machine building (shipbuilding and the manufacture of farm machinery), and the building materials industry have also been developed. Architecture. Among the buildings that have been preserved are the 13th-century Dublin Castle (now the Palace of Justice), the Gothic Christ Church (1038; rebuilt between 1172 and 1225), and St. Patrick’s Cathedral (1190; rebuilt after 1362).

Beginning in 1757 the central area of Dublin was redesigned, and splendid ensembles and buildings in the classical style were built there (Charlemont House, 1763-70, architect W. Chambers; the City Hall, 1769, architect T. Cooley; the Bank of Ireland, 1729, architect E. Pearce, rebuilt between 1785 and 1790, architect J, Gandon; the Four Courts, 1786-1800, architects T. Cooley and J. Gandon). The beautiful buildings in the central part of the city contrast sharply with the slums on the outskirts and around the port. In 1913 a general plan for the rebuilding of Dublin was drawn up by the architect L. P. Abercrombie. A number of buildings have been completed, including an airport terminal (1937-41, architect D. Fitzgerald), a motor-vehicle terminal (1951-53, architect M. Scott), and a number of residential and industrial complexes, but construction has lagged sharply behind the needs of the population.

The industrial zone is located around the port, and the business districts adjoin the city’s principal thoroughfare, O’Connell Street. Located in the northwest are the extensive Phoenix Park and zoo. The Liffey River divides the city into its southern and northern sections, which are connected by ten bridges. Dublin is growing in a northerly direction, and in addition, the satellite city of Ballymurn is being built north of Dublin. Educational, scientific, and cultural institutions. Located in Dublin are the University of Dublin (Trinity College, founded in 1591), the National University of Ireland (Dublin University College), the National College of Art, and the Royal Irish Academy of Music. Also located there are the Royal Irish Academy, the Irish Academy of Letters, and the Royal Hibernian Academy of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, as well as a number of other scientific institutes and societies. The city is served by the Dublin Public Library (more than 836,000 volumes) and the National Library of Ireland (founded in 1877; more than 500,000 volumes).

Among Dublin’s museums are the National Museum of Ireland (founded in 1731), the National Gallery of Ireland (founded in 1864), the Municipal Gallery of Modern Art, and the Civic Museum. There are two theaters—the Abbey Theater and the Gate Theater. Since 1948 the city has been the host to the Dublin Theatrical Festivals, in which foreign troupes are invited to participate. REFERENCES Dublin - Baile Átha Cliath - Henry Richard Dawson Dublin - Baile Átha Cliath (St. Patrick's Cathedral - North Aisle) Henry Richard Dawson Marble statue of Dawson sitting on a chair with a book on his lap. Inscription(s) dean and ordinary of st. patrick's. this statue has been erected by friends who loved and admired him. as a minister of the church "his record is on high". he faithfully testified the gospel of the grace of god, "teaching and preaching jesus christ" and he exhibited in a useful and devoted life the practical influence of the truth he preached.

to his exertions the institutions of the deanery for relief of the destitute and education of the young owe their origin and prosperity; and although the cultivation of the literature and antiquities of his native country was a recreation, yet his happiness was found in labours for the poor. his mortal remains are deposited in this cathedral, which he assited at his own expense to beautify and adorn. Dublin.ie | Official Site for News, Information and Events Joyce’s Dublin Puzzle In James Joyce’s most famous work ‘Ulysses’, Leopold Bloom quips that a good puzzle would be to cross Dublin without passing a pub. Clever ad man that he is, Bloom is always coming up with brilliant ideas and this is another: the world’s first anti-pub crawl. The puzzle stumped Dubliners for years. Until 2011 when it was solved by software developer Rory McCann. Six years on Dublin.ie decided to check out the route to see if it’s still pub-free. But before we got started, we wanted to talk to an expert – preferably someone who’d done the route before.

We f How Dublin Works: The Guinness Enterprise Centre The Guinness Enterprise Centre, on Taylor’s Lane in the heart of Dublin’s Liberties, is managed by Dublin Business Innovation Centre and has been named the no.1 university associated business incubation centre in the world. In the first of two articles about the GEC, Dublin.ie talks to Eamonn Sayers, the centre’s manager since 2011. Dublin.ie: I’m an entrepreneur. I’ve got an idea. What can the GEC do for me here? Eamonn Sayers: The first step here is that we’ll try and put you in front of an entrepreneur who’s in the same industry. We’ll say have a chat with this person, see what they’re thinking. If you’ve identified your target market, again we’ll say we know someone here who’s in the same market and they’ll have a coffee with you too. Dublin.ie: Then what happens? Eamonn Sayers: Our role here is to help your company grow and scale. We help to make it become better and we help to make you a better entrepreneur.

We create an environment and a community and a sense of belonging that makes entrepreneurs very comfortable, makes them enjoy the fact that this is their office, this is their workplace, so that both the entrepreneur and their teams are in the best place to grow their businesses. Dublin Treasures – Sweny’s Pharmacy Sweny’s – The worst pharmacy in the city Tucked away on Lincoln place, in the heart of Dublin’s south inner city, is Sweny’s pharmacy. It was made famous by the James Joyce novel, Ulysses. Sweny’s is no longer a working pharmacy, but a key part of Dublin’s culture and nostalgia. It’s run by volunteers to maintain its original 1850’s Victorian style – made obvious by the mahogany counter and old glass cabinets outlining the room. Shelves of unopened medicine bottles and old photographs sit in the cabinets, still waiting to be collected. The original chemists sign is still intact, proving that this place has not lost its charm! Thanks to @totallydublin for this preview of #DCNYF. Just over a week until we welcome the #YearOfTheRooster!

The culture, society & everyday life is captured in these 5 Novels Set in Dublin 👉 👌 Taoiseach Enda Kenny outlines what makes Ireland attractive for investors #Brexit #DTS latest blog explores the growth & evolution surrounding Dublin’s iconic Silicon Docks! Conversion courses can open up new career paths to you! Learn more at our #postgradfair🌟Get your free ticket 😀 Great social media training today @ETBIreland @helloalicepr @SOLASFET @TipperaryETB @ddletb @CavMonETB @KerryETB @LouthMeathETB @cnsireland Is Northside/Southside still a thing? Remember when whether you lived on the Northside or the Southside of Dublin was a really big deal? Like, practically life-or-death? No? Well then either you’re not originally from around these parts, or you moved around in circles that never saw you encountering anyone from the other side of the Liffey. God forbid. So how deep did this, this rivalry we could call it, go?

Well, think of it like this – there are those who would refuse to go to Dunne’s Stores in the Stephen’s Green Shopping Centre if they hadn’t got the slippers they were after in Dunne’s Stores over in the Ilac. We’re talking garlic-to-a-vampire type of aversion here. The side of the Liffey on Language Dublin: Alliance Française The Alliance Francaise Dublin is a French language and cultural centre which also hosts a French Multimedia Library. Philippe Milloux has been its director for four years. Dublin.ie met him in his elegant corner office at the former premises of the Kildare Street Club, home to the Alliance since 1960. A framed Charlie Hebdo cover hangs on the wall. The ideals of the Enlightenment, of debate and of the freedom of expression are important to M. Milloux. But so is romance. Dublin.ie: What were your impressions of Dublin when you first came here? PM: When I arrived first I f How Dublin Works: Jam Art Factory Dublin.ie talks to Mark Haybyrne of Jam Art Factory about his family business and the future of Irish art and design.

Since 2011 brothers Mark and John Haybyrne have been showcasing the best of contemporary Irish art and design in their store, Jam Art Factory. Stocking a range of Irish art and design they give independent artists – such as illustrator Claudine O’Sullivan, Arty Smarty Jewellery and KaroArt Ceramics - a platform to exhibit and sell their work. Having started in the Liberties, they now have another thriving store in Temple Bar and ship internationally from jamartfactory.com. How Dublin Works: Dublin Couriers Pushbike couriers. You see them milling about on Dublin’s city streets every day. And if you don’t know one, or have never been one, they can be the subject of some curiosity. Why would you want to do that for a living? Is it a real job? Could you live on the money they make? Is it dangerous? Are they crazy? Well, seeing as I used to be one, I can answer some of these questions. But given that was back in the mid to late nineties, I caught up with one of them briefly, one who worked the streets at the time I did, and just so happens to be still out there.

The big theme of our chat revolved around how much the city and the job has changed. I always remember couri The Third Level: IADT IADT is Dublin’s Institute of Art Design and Technology and inside the walls, it’s alive with ideas, creativity - and a girl who hula-hoops every single day! The college is situated in Dún Laoghaire – Dublin’s picturesque coastal town - and it’s home to 2,300 students and staff. Being only 12km from the city centre means “the students have the option of hanging out in Dún Laoghaire or making the trip to the city centre” says Students’ Union president, Alice Hartigan. Conveniently, it’s on the 46A bus route, the one they voted Dublin’s favourite bus route of all time: check out the views from the top deck! Dublin Treasures – Malahide Castle Set on 260 acres of parkland in the seaside town of Malahide, 16 km north of Dublin, Malahide Castle was home to the Talbot family from 1185 to 1975.

The atmospheric castle – yes, there are ghosts – is furnished with period furniture and a large collection of Irish portraiture on loan from the National Gallery. Four main rooms are open to the public: the wood-panelled Oak room, the Small and Great Drawing Rooms and the Great Hall, where an exhibition records the history of the family who lived at the castle for almost 800 years.

Question: Which city is called Baile Atha Cliath in its native language ?
Answer: DUBLIN