Marlborough - definition of Marlborough by The Free Dictionary Marlborough - definition of Marlborough by The Free Dictionary Related to Marlborough: Duke of Marlborough Marl·bor·ough (ˈmɑːlbərə; -brə; ˈmɔːl-) n (Placename) a town in S England, in Wiltshire: besieged and captured by Royalists in the Civil War (1642); site of Marlborough College, a public school founded in 1843. Pop: 7713 (2001) Marlborough (ˈmɑːlbərə; -brə; ˈmɔːl-) n (Biography) 1st Duke of. title of John Churchill.

1650–1722, English general; commander of British forces in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14), in which he won victories at Blenheim (1704), Ramillies (1706), Oudenaarde (1708), and Malplaquet (1709) Marl•bor•ough (ˈmɑrl bɜr oʊ, -bʌr oʊ -brə, ˈmɔl-) n. John Churchill, 1st Duke of, Churchill, John. GENUKI: Marlborough Marlborough Contents & Site Map National Gazetteer (1868) - Marlborough "MARLBOROUGH, a parish, post and market town, and municipal and parliamentary borough, locally in the hundred of Silkley, but exercising separate jurisdiction, county Wilts, 10 miles W. of Hungerford, and 14 E. of Devizes. It lies about 6 miles off the Berks and Hants line of railway, with which it is connected by a branch line, starting from Savernake station.

This town is supposed by Camden to have been the Cunetio of Antoninus, and subsequently took the name of Marlbridge, or Marleberg, from the marl or chalk hills by which it is surrounded. At the time of the Domesday Survey it was held in royal demesne, and had a church, but the castle was not built till the subsequent reign. In the baronial war of John, the castle was alternately held by the king and the barons, and seems to have been an occasional residence of subsequent sovereigns till the time of Henry VII, and to have formed part of the dowries of several queens. There was also a royal residence at Ogbourne, about a mile and a half from the town. Henry III. held a parliament here, which enacted the laws relative to the police of the kingdom, commonly called the "statutes of Marlebridge", and from that time till the reign of Charles I., the assizes were held here.

In the civil war of the 17th century, it was garrisoned by the parliamentarians under the Earl of Essex, but was surprised by General Wilmot, who, in December, 1642, captured here above 1,000 prisoners and a great quantity of military stores. The castle and borough were granted by Henry VIII. to Edward Duke of Somerset, and have descended by intermarriage to the Marquis of Ailesbury. The castle having fallen into decay, the Dukes of Somerset, of the Seymour family, erected a large house on its site, subsequently converted into the Castle Inn, which has recently given place to the Marlborough College, which forms a considerable mass of buildings at the western extremity of the High-street. This institution, originally founded with the object of giving a liberal education to the sons of clergymen on economical terms, was incorporated by letters patent in 1845, and received a second charter in 1849, by which latter half of the pupils may be sons of laymen. It has a chapel, dedicated to St.

Michael, built in 1847 by Blore, and subsequently decorated by Butterfield, designed solely for the use of the pupils, who average about 500. The Archbishop of Canterbury is perpetual visitor, the Bishop of Salisbury is president of the council. A modern school has recently been attached to the college for the education of youths not intended for the Universities. The town, which stands on the Bath road near the banks of the river Kennett, consists chiefly of one spacious street, running from E. to W., which is paved, and lighted with gas. On the N. side of the principal street, chiefly shops, is a penthouse projecting in front of the houses, and serving for a promenade in wet weather. The houses are for the most part large and well-built, the more modern of stone and brick, and the older of wood, ornamented in front by curious carved work. It contains a market-house, erected by the corporation in 1790 on the site of a former one, over which is the townhall. There are also assembly rooms, a council room, and court-house, the county bridewell, four commercial banks, and a savings-bank.

The public reading-room, situated in High-street, was opened in 1854, and has a library attached, belonging to the Marlborough Reading and Mutual Improvement Society, established in 1844. The town derives considerable advantages from the establishment of Marlborough College, which has considerably added to the business. The trade is principally in corn, meal, coal, malt, bacon, butter, and cheese, of which two last vast quantities are sent every week to London. The chief industries carried on are malting, brewing, rope and sacking making, tanning, and wool-stapling. The population of the municipal borough in 1851 was 3,908, and, in 1861, 3,684; that of the parliamentary borough, which includes the parish of Preshute, in 1851, was 5,135, and, in 1861, 4,893. It returns two members to parliament, and is a borough by prescription, first chartered by John in 1205.

Under the Municipal Reform Act it is governed by a mayor, who is also returning officer, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors, with the style of "mayor and burgesses of the borough and town of Marlborough". The new borough has an area of 3,983 acres, and a revenue of about £1,000, chiefly arising from rents. The franchise is enjoyed by all £10 householders, but the chief influence is with the Marquis of Ailesbury, of Tottenham Park. Marlborough is the headquarters of the county militia, and the head of a Poorlaw Union, embracing 13 parishes. The union workhouse, which is situated in the parish of Preshute about half a mile N.W. of the town, is a building of white Bath stone. Marlborough is also the seat of New County Court and superintendent registry districts. To the S. of the town is the ancient Forest of Savernake, and on the N. of it are the open downs, about 500 feet high. The livings are St.

Mary's, a vicarage* in the diocese of Salisbury, value £100, in the patronage of the bishop, and St. Peter's with St. Paul's, a discharged rectory, value £130, also in the patronage of the bishop. The church of St. Mary is a neat stone edifice, with an ancient tower and Norman doorway, but considerably damaged during the civil war in 1641. The church of St. Peter, which stands at the western extremity of the High-street, is a commodious structure with a lofty square tower, surmounted by battlements and pinnacles. The interior was completely restored in 1863. The Independents, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, and Baptists, have places of worship. Edward VI.'s free grammar school, founded in 1551, has a revenue from endowment of £205, with exhibitions at both Universities. Judge Foster and Walter Harte, the poet and historian, who wrote the life of "Gustavus Adolphus", were pupils of this school. There are also National schools for boys and girls.

The monastic institutions, of which no remains now exist, were a Gilbertine priory, founded in the reign of John, and dedicated to St. Margaret, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was returned at £38 198. 2d., and was then given to the Stringers. A convent of Whitefriars, established in 1316 by the merchants of the town; a Trinitarian Friary, founded in the reign of Henry III.; St. John's Hospital, founded in the reign of Henry II., and St. Thomas's in that of Henry III., and annexed to the Priory of St. Margaret in the time of Richard II. The Churchill family take from this place the titles of duke and earl, as representatives of the great soldier, the first duke. It also gave the title of earl to Chief Justice Ley. Among the distinguished natives of the town were Henry of Marlborough, a monk and English historian of the 14th century, and Dr. Henry Sacheverell, of political celebrity, whose father was rector of St. Peter and St. Paul.

Market days are Wednesday and Saturday, of which the former is only for vegetables, but the latter has long been celebrated for its abundant supply of grain, cheese, meat, &c. Fairs are held on the 11th July for horses and wool, 22nd August for lambs, horses, and cows, and 23rd November for horses, sheep, and cattle; also, two statute fairs for hiring servants, one on the Saturday before Old Michaelmas, and one after. Races take place in July." [Description(s) from The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland (1868) - Transcribed by Colin Hinson ©2003] GENUKI: National Gazetteer (1868) - Marlborough, Wiltshire We are in the process of upgrading the site to implement a content management system. National Gazetteer (1868) - Marlborough "MARLBOROUGH, a parish, post and market town, and municipal and parliamentary borough, locally in the hundred of Silkley, but exercising separate jurisdiction, county Wilts, 10 miles W. of Hungerford, and 14 E. of Devizes.

It lies about 6 miles off the Berks and Hants line of railway, with which it is connected by a branch line, starting from Savernake station. This town is supposed by Camden to have been the Cunetio of Antoninus, and subsequently took the name of Marlbridge, or Marleberg, from the marl or chalk hills by which it is surrounded. At the time of the Domesday Survey it was held in royal demesne, and had a church, but the castle was not built till the subsequent reign. In the baronial war of John, the castle was alternately held by the king and the barons, and seems to have been an occasional residence of subsequent sovereigns till the time of Henry VII, and to have formed part of the dowries of several queens. There was also a royal residence at Ogbourne, about a mile and a half from the town. Henry III. held a parliament here, which enacted the laws relative to the police of the kingdom, commonly called the "statutes of Marlebridge", and from that time till the reign of Charles I., the assizes were held here.

In the civil war of the 17th century, it was garrisoned by the parliamentarians under the Earl of Essex, but was surprised by General Wilmot, who, in December, 1642, captured here above 1,000 prisoners and a great quantity of military stores. The castle and borough were granted by Henry VIII. to Edward Duke of Somerset, and have descended by intermarriage to the Marquis of Ailesbury. The castle having fallen into decay, the Dukes of Somerset, of the Seymour family, erected a large house on its site, subsequently converted into the Castle Inn, which has recently given place to the Marlborough College, which forms a considerable mass of buildings at the western extremity of the High-street. This institution, originally founded with the object of giving a liberal education to the sons of clergymen on economical terms, was incorporated by letters patent in 1845, and received a second charter in 1849, by which latter half of the pupils may be sons of laymen. It has a chapel, dedicated to St.

Michael, built in 1847 by Blore, and subsequently decorated by Butterfield, designed solely for the use of the pupils, who average about 500. The Archbishop of Canterbury is perpetual visitor, the Bishop of Salisbury is president of the council. A modern school has recently been attached to the college for the education of youths not intended for the Universities. The town, which stands on the Bath road near the banks of the river Kennett, consists chiefly of one spacious street, running from E. to W., which is paved, and lighted with gas. On the N. side of the principal street, chiefly shops, is a penthouse projecting in front of the houses, and serving for a promenade in wet weather. The houses are for the most part large and well-built, the more modern of stone and brick, and the older of wood, ornamented in front by curious carved work. It contains a market-house, erected by the corporation in 1790 on the site of a former one, over which is the townhall. There are also assembly rooms, a council room, and court-house, the county bridewell, four commercial banks, and a savings-bank.

The public reading-room, situated in High-street, was opened in 1854, and has a library attached, belonging to the Marlborough Reading and Mutual Improvement Society, established in 1844. The town derives considerable advantages from the establishment of Marlborough College, which has considerably added to the business. The trade is principally in corn, meal, coal, malt, bacon, butter, and cheese, of which two last vast quantities are sent every week to London. The chief industries carried on are malting, brewing, rope and sacking making, tanning, and wool-stapling. The population of the municipal borough in 1851 was 3,908, and, in 1861, 3,684; that of the parliamentary borough, which includes the parish of Preshute, in 1851, was 5,135, and, in 1861, 4,893. It returns two members to parliament, and is a borough by prescription, first chartered by John in 1205.

Under the Municipal Reform Act it is governed by a mayor, who is also returning officer, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors, with the style of "mayor and burgesses of the borough and town of Marlborough". The new borough has an area of 3,983 acres, and a revenue of about £1,000, chiefly arising from rents. The franchise is enjoyed by all £10 householders, but the chief influence is with the Marquis of Ailesbury, of Tottenham Park. Marlborough is the headquarters of the county militia, and the head of a Poorlaw Union, embracing 13 parishes. The union workhouse, which is situated in the parish of Preshute about half a mile N.W. of the town, is a building of white Bath stone. Marlborough is also the seat of New County Court and superintendent registry districts. To the S. of the town is the ancient Forest of Savernake, and on the N. of it are the open downs, about 500 feet high. The livings are St.

Mary's, a vicarage* in the diocese of Salisbury, value £100, in the patronage of the bishop, and St. Peter's with St. Paul's, a discharged rectory, value £130, also in the patronage of the bishop. The church of St. Mary is a neat stone edifice, with an ancient tower and Norman doorway, but considerably damaged during the civil war in 1641. The church of St. Peter, which stands at the western extremity of the High-street, is a commodious structure with a lofty square tower, surmounted by battlements and pinnacles. The interior was completely restored in 1863. The Independents, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, and Baptists, have places of worship. Edward VI.'s free grammar school, founded in 1551, has a revenue from endowment of £205, with exhibitions at both Universities. Judge Foster and Walter Harte, the poet and historian, who wrote the life of "Gustavus Adolphus", were pupils of this school. There are also National schools for boys and girls.

The monastic institutions, of which no remains now exist, were a Gilbertine priory, founded in the reign of John, and dedicated to St. Margaret, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was returned at £38 198. 2d., and was then given to the Stringers. A convent of Whitefriars, established in 1316 by the merchants of the town; a Trinitarian Friary, founded in the reign of Henry III.; St. John's Hospital, founded in the reign of Henry II., and St. Thomas's in that of Henry III., and annexed to the Priory of St. Margaret in the time of Richard II. The Churchill family take from this place the titles of duke and earl, as representatives of the great soldier, the first duke. It also gave the title of earl to Chief Justice Ley. Among the distinguished natives of the town were Henry of Marlborough, a monk and English historian of the 14th century, and Dr. Henry Sacheverell, of political celebrity, whose father was rector of St. Peter and St. Paul.

Market days are Wednesday and Saturday, of which the former is only for vegetables, but the latter has long been celebrated for its abundant supply of grain, cheese, meat, &c. Fairs are held on the 11th July for horses and wool, 22nd August for lambs, horses, and cows, and 23rd November for horses, sheep, and cattle; also, two statute fairs for hiring servants, one on the Saturday before Old Michaelmas, and one after. Races take place in July." [Description(s) from The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland (1868) - Transcribed by Colin Hinson ©2003] Marlboro - definition of Marlboro by The Free Dictionary Marlboro - definition of Marlboro by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Acronyms , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Marl·bor·ough (ˈmɑːlbərə; -brə; ˈmɔːl-) n (Placename) a town in S England, in Wiltshire: besieged and captured by Royalists in the Civil War (1642); site of Marlborough College, a public school founded in 1843.

Pop: 7713 (2001) Marlborough (ˈmɑːlbərə; -brə; ˈmɔːl-) n (Biography) 1st Duke of. title of John Churchill. 1650–1722, English general; commander of British forces in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14), in which he won victories at Blenheim (1704), Ramillies (1706), Oudenaarde (1708), and Malplaquet (1709) Marl•bor•ough (ˈmɑrl bɜr oʊ, -bʌr oʊ -brə, ˈmɔl-) n. John Churchill, 1st Duke of, Churchill, John. Marlborough - Wikishire Marlborough constituency: Devizes Marlborough is a market town in Wiltshire on the Old Bath Road, the old main road from London to Bath . It is reputed to have one of the widest high-streets in Britain: second only to Stockton-on-Tees .

The town was rebuilt after the Great Fire of Marlborough in 1653, which destroyed almost the entire town, and in the rebuilding the High Street became what is claimed to be the widest in England after Stockton's. This allows ample space for a local market which is held twice a week, on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Every summer the town holds a jazz festival with local pubs, clubs, hotels and various other venues playing host to live jazz music over the course of a weekend. Every October the high street is closed for the two Saturdays either side of 11 October for the Marlborough Mop Fair. This was originally a hiring fair for agricultural workers seeking employment but now has become a funfair. The right of the town to close the road to hold the fair is set down in the Charter. High Street, Marlborough On the north side of the high street is the Merchant's House, which is currently under restoration but part of which is open to the public on Fridays and Saturdays in summer. The house was built following the Great Fire of 1653. It was the property of a silk merchant and, rarely for a house of this type in a town centre still retains its original room pattern.

Of great interest are the wall paintings recently uncovered, and which are undergoing careful conservation. One room painted in a striped pattern, copying silk hangings, is perhaps unique in Great Britain. The town's name is from Old English: Mærlebeorg ("Mærle Hill", presumably referring to the pre-historic mound found in the grounds of Marlborough College). Contents History Marlborough on a Wednesday Market morning The earliest remaining sign of habitation at Marlborough is the pre-historic mound in the grounds of Marlborough College. It is possibly of similar age to the larger Silbury Hill five miles to the west. Local legend has it that the Mound is the burial site of Merlin the wizard of Arthurian tales, [1] and that the name of the town, Marlborough comes from Merlin's Barrow. The town's motto is Ubi nunc sapientis ossa Merlini - Where now are the bones of wise Merlin. [2] From a later age is the Marlborough Bucket an Iron Age burial bucket unearthed in the town, with decorations of human heads and animals on sheet bronze. Roman remains and coins have been found two miles to the East of Marlborough, at Mildenhall (Cunetio).

An Anglo-Saxon village grew up around The Green and two early river crossings were made at Isbury Lane and Stonebridge Lane. The first written record of Marlborough though is in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Merleberge. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 1110 King Henry I held his court at Marlborough (æt Mærlebeorge) at Easter. [3] In 1067 after the Battle of Hastings, William the Bastard assumed control of the Marlborough area and set about building a wooden motte and bailey castle, sited on the pre-historic mound. This was completed in around 1100 and stone was used to strengthen the castle, in around 1175. William also established a mint in Marlborough, which coined the William I and the early William II silver pennies. The coins display the name of the town as Maerlebi or Maerleber. King William I established the neighbouring Savernake Forest as a favourite Royal hunting ground. [4] Marlborough Castle became a Royal residence. Henry I observed Easter here, in 1110.

Richard I gave the castle to his brother John in 1186. King John was married here and spent time in Marlborough, establishing a treasury. Later, Henry III was also married in Marlborough. [5] In 1204, King John gave the town a borough charter permitting it to hold a market. [6] It also granted an annual eight-day fair, beginning on 14 August, the vigil of the Feast of the Assumption, in which "all might enjoy the liberties and quittances customary in the fair at Winchester ". The weekly markets were to be held on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and these continue to this day. [7] In 1267, Henry III held Parliament at Marlborough, on which occasion the Statute of Marlborough was passed which forbids subinfeudation of land and limited the right of the King to take possession of land; a statute still in force. By the end of the 14th century the castle had fallen into disrepair but remained Crown property until King Edward VI passed it to the Seymour family, his mother's relatives. In 1498 Thomas Wolsey was ordained priest in (the now redundant) St Peter's church.

He later rose rapidly under Henry VIII to become a cardinal and Lord Chancellor and fell even more rapidly. Under Edward VI, the Castle passed to the Seymour family. In 1642, the English Civil War broke out. The Seymour family held the Castle for the King but the Town was for Parliament, and the town was uncomfortably close to the King's capital, Oxford : A Town the most notoriously disaffected of all that Country, otherwise, saving the obstinacy and malice of the inhabitants, in the situation of it very unfit for a garrison... this place the King saw would prove quickly an ill neighbour to him, not only as it was in the heart of a rich County, and so would straighten him, and even infest his quarters. The King sent Lord Digby to take Marlborough. He left Oxford at the head of four hundred horses on the 24 November but instead of striking at once, he chose to parley first, giving the inhabitants a chance to prepare defences and to recruit troops, which amounted to about seven hundred poorly-armed men. The Town issued a reply to Digby.

"The King's Majesty" he declared, "providing he were attended in Royal and not in warlike wise, should be as welcome to that Town as ever was Prince to People; but as to delivering up the good Town of Marlborough to such a traitor as Lord Digby ... they would sooner die". After some early skirmishes, Royalist troops infiltrated the Town down its small alleyways. The Town was captured and looted and many buildings were set ablaze. One hundred and twenty prisoners were marched in chains to Oxford. The Town was later abandoned by the King and took no further part in the war. On 28 April 1653, the Great Fire of Marlborough burnt two hundred and fifty houses to the ground. Fire swept through the Town again in 1679 and again in 1690. This time, an Act of Parliament was passed "to prohibit the covering of houses and other buildings with thatch in the Town of Marlborough". [8] In 1689, William III created Sir John Churchill, the distinguished Army general, Earl of Marlborough. In 1702, William's successor, Queen Anne created Churchill as Duke of Marlborough.

In 2004, Marlborough celebrated 800 years of its Town Charter, among the celebrations was a street play by the Marlborough Players entitled "Wheels of Time" and a visit from HRH Prince Charles. Marlborough College Marlborough College Marlborough College is a famous public school. It is located on the west side of the town. Churches St Peter's Church The town is at the heart of the Marlborough Deanery in the Diocese of Salisbury , which covers 16 parishes grouped as Marlborough, Ridgeway, Upper Kennet and Whitton. Of the town's two Church of England Churches, St Peter's is no longer used and has become an Arts Centre and only St Mary's Church remains in use for worship. Interesting nearby places CONNECTICUT TOWNS IN THE ORDER OF THEIR ESTABLISHMENT; WITH THE ORIGIN OF THEIR NAMES Until 1700 almost the only official action of the colonial government (General Court) in regard to town organization, was to authorize the town name, usually chosen by its leading man, from his home in England. In October, 1700, we find implied or quasi incorporation, such as exists to this day in the records.

"This assembly doth grant to the inhabitants of the town of Lebanon all such immunities, privileges and powers, as generally other townes within this Colonie have and doe enjoy." The authoritative legal definition of a town in England, contemporary with the earliest Connecticut settlements is given in the first edition of Coke's Commentaries upon Littleton, published 1628: "It can not be a town in law, unless it hath, or in past time hath had, a church, and celebration of Divine services, sacraments and burials." The churches, which moved bodily, with their pastors, from Massachusetts to Connecticut, proceeded to exercise the secular powers which we regard as those of the town, but the English township is known by its ecclesiastical name of parish. Several of our towns were first set off as parishes from great town-tracts; yet the town in Connecticut colony essentially separated church and state in government, in that it never restricted political suffrage to church members. As to dates, the official colonial records are followed, as soon as they begin, 1636. As Indian was not a written but a spoken language, its spelling is often a matter of astonishing versatility.

Because of mutilation of the Indian names by Colonial scribes and by the Colonial pronunciation it is frequently impossible to arrive at any definite conclusion with regard to the original meaning. The variety of dialects, even in the Algonquin tribe, varied greatly, even among those living within thirty or forty miles of one another. This added greatly to the complications of spelling Indian words in English. To add to the confusion, the white men continually applied Indian names to features of the landscape that were not at all in the Indian mind when they coined the word. Thus a word meaning a hill might be applied by the white men to all the surrounding territory and come eventually to mean a pond. And so the Indian names, or their Indian approximates, have come down to us not in the names of the towns, which the white men were creating in the tradition of their own race, but in features of the countryside streams, mountains, hills and other natural aspects. THE COLONY 1. Windsor, settled by a company from Plymouth Colony, arriving with the frame and materials of a trading house on their vessel Sept. 26, 1633.

This house was set up, 80 to 100 rods below the mouth of the Farmington River, on a tract previously bought of the original Indian proprietors. Before the summer of 1635, the settlers had bought Great Meadow, north of the Farmington, and placed cattle and servants on their lands. They sold out, 1637 and 1638, to Dorchester, Mass., settlers, who had arrived in their vicinity, 1635, and named their settlement Dorchester. It was named in 1637 from Windsor in Berkshire, now a royal residence. 2. Wethersfield, settled as Watertown 1634; named 1637 from Wethersfield in Essex, England. Indian name, "Pyquag." 3. Hartford, Dutch trading house, "House of Hope," 1633; settled as Newtown in 1635; named 1637 from Hertford in Hertfordshire, Indian name, "Suckiag." 4.

Deep River, was formerly Saybrook, fort, soon a settlement, 1635; named 1639 from Lord Say & Sele, and Baron Brook; name changed by act of General Assembly, July 1, 1947. Indian name, "Pattaquasset." 5. New Haven, settled April, 1638; named Aug. 1640, from Newhaven on the south coast of Sussex. Indian name, "Quinnipiac." 6. Milford, settled early in 1639; named November, 1640. Indian name, "Wepawaug." 7. Guilford, settled, 1639; named from Guildford parish in Surrey, July, 1643. Indian name, "Menunkatuck." 8. Stratford, settled in 1639; named in 1643 from Stratford-le-Bow, Essex, or more probably, Stratford-on-Avon. Indian name, "Cupheag." 9. Fairfield, settled 1639; name = fair field; or possibly from Fairfield in Kent.

Indian name, "Uncoway." 10. Greenwich, settled by the English and named, July 18, 1640, from Greenwich near London; N.Y. to Ct., transferred, 1656. Indian name, "Patuquapaen." 11. Stamford, settled in 1641; named 1642 from Stamford in Lincolnshire. Indian name, "Rippowam." 12. Farmington, settled in 1640; incorporated and named, Dec. 1645. "Tunxis shall be called Farmington" = farming town. 13. New London, settled as "Pequot," 1646, named from London, England, March, 1658. Old Indian name, "Nameaug." 14. Norwalk, settled 1649; incorporated Sept., 1651, "Norwaukee shall bee a townee," Algonkin noyank, point of land, or more probably from the Indian name, "Naramauke." 15.

Stonington, settled 1649; named Souther Towne, by Mass., Oct., 1658; Stonington by Conn., 1666. Indian names, "Pawcatuck" and "Mistack." 16. Middletown, incorporated 1651; named 1653, from position between upper river towns and Saybrook. Indian name, "Mattabeset." 17. Norwich, settled 1659; accepted as legal township, May 1662; named from Norwich in Norfolk, England. Indian name, "Mohegan." 18. Lyme, set off from Saybrook, 1665; named from Lyme Regis in Dorsetshire, May, 1667. Formerly East Saybrook. 19. Killingworth, named Kenilworth, May, 1667, from Kenilworth in Warwickshire. Indian name, "Hammonassett." 20.

Haddam, settled in 1662; incorporated, and named Oct., 1668, from Much Haddam parish in Hertfordshire. 21. Simsbury, settled and named May, 1670, from Sim (on) Wolcott, leading settler, or from Simondsbury in Dorset. 22. Wallingford, set off from New Haven and named, May, 1670, from Wallingford in Berkshire. Old name, "East River" or "New Haven Village." 23. Woodbury, named May, 1673, from being well wooded. Indian name, "Pomperaug." 24. Suffield, "abbreviation of Southfield," established in Mass., 1674; annexed to Conn., May 1749. 25. Derby, settled 1651; named May, 1675, from Derby, town and county in England. Indian name, "Paugasset" or "Paugasuck." 26.

Enfield, grant of township "called Enfield" by Mass., May, 1683, from Enfield in Middlesex; annexed to Conn., May, 1749. Formerly Freshwater. 27. Branford, settled 1639; named 1653, from Brentford in Middlesex; set off from New Haven, 1685. Indian name, "Totoket." 28. Waterbury, settled May, 1674; incorporated and named May, 1686, from abundant waters. Indian name, "Mattatuck." 29. Danbury, settled 1685, named Oct., 1687, from Danbury parish in Essex; incorporated May, 1702. Named by Gov. Treat. First name, "Swampfield." Indian name, "Paquiage" or "Pahquioque." 30. Preston, incorporated 1686, named 1687, probably from the Preston in Suffolk in honor of the Thomas Parke family. 31.

Woodstock, settled as New Roxbury, Mass., 1686; named March, 1690, from Woodstock in Oxfordshire; annexed to Conn., May, 1749. 32. Windham, settled 1686; incorporated May, 1692; named from Windham in Sussex, or from Wymondham in Norfolk. 33. Glastonbury, incorporated May, 1693; set off from Wethersfield, June, 1692; named from Glastonbury in Somersetshire. 34. Colchester, settled 1699; named, Oct., 1699, from Colchester borough and port in Essex. Formerly Jeremiah's Farms. 35. Plainfield, settled 1689; name descriptive; authorized Oct., 1700. 36. Lebanon, named 1697 from Lebanon in Syria; Hebrew name = white; incorporated Oct., 1700. 37.

Mansfield, settled 1686; set off from Windham and incorporated Oct., 1702; named from Major Moses Mansfield. Originally called Ponde-town. Indian name, "Noubesetuck." 38. Canterbury, settled 1690; set off from Plainfield and incorporated Oct., 1703; named from Canterbury in Kent. Indian name, "Peagscomsueck." 39. Durham, settled 1699; named May, 1704; from Durham, town and county in England. Indian name, "Cockingchaug," or "Coginchaug." 40. Groton, Incorporated from New London, May, 1705; named 1705 from English home town of Gov. John Winthrop. 41. Hebron, settled 1704; named 1707 from Heb. Hebron (derivation doubtful); "An association," "a league," and "confederacy," are meanings given this word by various authorities; incorporated May, 1708. 42.

Killingly, settled 1700; incorporated May, 1708; and named from Killingly Manor near Pontefract, Yorkshire. Indian name, "Aspinock." 43. Ridgefield, settled 1708; incorporated 1709; named from its ridges. Indian name, "Caudatowa." 44. Ashford, settled 1710, named Oct., 1710, probably from Ashford in Kent, England; incorporated Oct., 1714. Formerly New Scituate. 45. Newtown, named May, 1708 = a new town; incorporated Oct., 1711. Indian name, "Pootatuck" or "Quonapague." 46. Coventry, settled 1709; named from Coventry in Warwickshire, Oct., 1711; incorporated May, 1712. 47. New Milford, settled from Milford, 1707; named Oct., 1703; incorporated Oct., 1712.

Indian name, "Weantinock" or "Weantinogue." 48. Pomfret, settled in 1686; named and incorporated May, 1713, from Pontefract in Yorkshire. Indian name, "Mashamoquet." 49. Tolland, named May, 1715; incorporated May, 1722, from Tolland in Somersetshire, whence Henry Wolcott, grandfather of Gov. Roger Wolcott, chief owner. 50. Litchfield, named and incorporated May, 1719, from Lichfield, a town of Staffordshire. Indian name, "Bantam." 51. Stafford, settled in 1719; named from Stafford, town in Staffordshire. 52. Voluntown, settled 1719; named May, 1708 = volun (teers') town; grant to volunteers in the Narragansett war; incorporated, May, 1721. 53.

Bolton, settled 1716; named and incorporated Oct., 1720; named from Bolton in Lancashire, or the Duke of Bolton. 54. Willington, named "Wellington," May, 1725, from Wellington in Somersetshire (birthplace of Henry Wolcott, whose grandson Roger was chief purchaser, 1720), which gave title to the Duke of Wellington, but incorporated May, 1727, as "Willington." 55. East Haddam, "Haddam East Society"; incorporated and named May, 1734. Indian name, "Macki-moodus." 56. Somers, set off from Enfield by Mass., and named from Lord Somers, July, 1734; annexed to Conn., May, 1749. Formerly East Enfield. 57. Union, settled 1727, as "Union Lands"; named 1732; incorporated Oct., 1734 (union of East Stafford and State Lands). 58.

Harwinton, settled 1731; named May, 1732, from Har(tford), and Win(dsor), from whence its original proprietors; incorporated Oct., 1737. 59. New Hartford, named May, 1733, from Hartford, whence its proprietors, and incorporated Oct., 1738. 60. Canaan, named May, 1738, from the Bible, Canaan = lowland; incorporated Oct., 1739. 61. Goshen, named May, 1738, from Goshen in Egypt; incorporated Oct., 1739. 62. Kent, named May, 1738, from Kent county, England; incorporated Oct., 1739. Indian name, "Scatacook." 63. Sharon, named and incorporated Oct., 1739, with the Hebrew name, sharon, a plain. 64. Cornwall, named May, 1738, from the southwest county of England; incorporated May, 1740. 65.

New Fairfield, settled and named May, 1728, from Fairfield; incorporated May, 1740. 66. Torrington, named May, 1732, from Torrington in Devonshire; incorporated Oct., 1740. 67. Salisbury, named May, 1738 (by Rev. Thomas Noyes), from Salisbury, Wiltshire; incorporated Oct., 1741. Indian name, "Weatogue." 68. Norfolk, named May, 1738, from Norfolk county on the east coast of England; incorporated Oct., 1758. 69. Hartland, named 1733 = Hart(ford) land, because owned by Hartford men; incorporated May, 1761. 70. Redding, made a parish and named Reading from Col. John Read, May, 1729; incorporated as Redding from Fairfield, May, 1767. 71.

East Hampton, was Chatham, named 1767, from the importance of its shipbuilding in allusion to Chatham, England; incorporated from Middletown, Oct., 1767; name changed by act of General Assembly, May 4, 1915. 72. East Windsor, settled 1680; incorporated from Windsor and named May, 1768. Formerly Windsor. 73. Winchester, tract named from Winchester in Hampshire, May, 1733; incorporated May, 1771. Called the "Green Woods." 74. Washington, incorporated and taken from Kent, Litchfield, New Milford and Woodbury, Jan., 1779; named from George Washington. Formerly parishes of Judea and New Preston. 75. Barkhamsted, named from Berkhamstead in Hertfordshire, May, 1732; incorporated Oct., 1779. 76. Colebrook, named May, 1732, from Colebrooke in Devonshire, settled 1765; incorporated Oct., 1779. 77.

Southington, named Oct., 1726, as south society of Farmington; incorporated from Farmington, Oct., 1779. 78. Cheshire, named New Cheshire, May, 1724, from Cheshire, England; incorporated from Wallingford, May, 1780. Earlier called, "West Farms on Mill River." 79. Watertown, incorporated May, 1780, from Waterbury, which suggested its name. Formerly Westbury. 80. East Hartford, incorporated from Hartford, Oct., 1783. Indian name, "Podunk." 81. Woodbridge, incorporated from New Haven and Milford, Jan., 1784 and named from its pastor, B. Woodbridge. Formerly parish of Amity. 82. Berlin, incorporated from Farmington, Middletown and Wethersfield, May, 1785; named from Berlin, Prussia. Formerly Kensington. 83. Bristol, incorporated from Farmington, May, 1785, and named from Bristol, England. Formerly New Cambridge. 84.

East Haven, named May, 1707; incorporated from New Haven, May, 1785. Originally Iron Works Village. 85. Thompson (Parish), named 1728, from its chief owner, Sir Robert Thompson; incorporated from Killingly, May, 1785. 86. Bozrah, incorporated from Norwich, May, 1786, and given Heb. name = enclosure. Formerly New Concord. 87. Brooklyn, named 1752, brook line (the Quinebaug); incorporated from Canterbury and Pomfret, May, 1786. Formerly Mortlake. 88. Franklin, incorporated from Norwich, May, 1786, and named from Benjamin Franklin. 89. Ellington, named 1735, from Ellington in Yorks or Hunts; incorporated from E. Windsor, May, 1786. Originally called the "Great Swamp." 90. Hamden, incorporated from New Haven, May, 1786, and named from John Hampden, English patriot. 91.

Lisbon, incorporated from Norwich, May, 1786, and named from Lisbon, capital of Portugal. Formerly Newent parish. 92. Warren, incorporated from Kent, May, 1786, and named from Gen. Joseph Warren. 93. Granby, incorporated from Simsbury, Oct., 1786, and named from the Marquis of Granby (Chas. Manners), or from Granby, Mass. 94. Hampton, incorporated from Brooklyn, Canterbury, Mansfield, Pomfret and Windham, Oct., 1786; named from Hampton in Middlesex. Formerly Kennedy or Windham Village. 95. Montville, incorporated from New London, Oct., 1786; name French for mountville. 96. North Haven, named 1739; incorporated from New Haven, Oct., 1786. 97. Bethlehem, named as society, Oct., 1739; Hebrew = house of bread; incorporated from Woodbury, May, 1787. 98.

Southbury, named May, 1731; south part of Woodbury; incorporated from Woodbury, May, 1787. 99. Weston, named and incorporated from Fairfield, Oct., 1787; named as the west town, or settlement of Fairfield. Formerly Northfield. Indian name, "Aspetuck." 100. Brookfield, incorporated from Danbury, New Milford and Newtown, May, 1788; named for Thos. Brooks, first pastor. Formerly Newbury. 101. Shelton, named for Edward N. Shelton, leader in Housatonic Dam project; was Huntington, incorporated from Stratford, Jan., 1789, and named from Gov. Samuel Huntington; name changed by act of General Assembly April 15, 1919. Indian name, "Quorum." Formerly parish of Ripton. 102. Sterling, incorporated from Voluntown, May, 1794, and named from Dr. John Sterling, a resident. 103.

Plymouth, incorporated from Watertown, May, 1795, and named by H. Cook, from Plymouth, Mass., of which his grandfather was an early settler. Formerly Northbury. 104. Wolcott, incorporated from Southington and Waterbury, May, 1796, and named from Gov. Oliver Wolcott. 105. Roxbury, named May, 1743, as rockier part of Woodbury, whence incorporated Oct., 1796. 106. Trumbull (North Stratford), incorporated from Stratford, Oct., 1797, and named from Gov. Jonathan Trumbull. Formerly parish of Unity. 107. Oxford, parish, named from Oxford, England, 1741; incorporated from Derby and Southbury, Oct., 1798. 108. New Canaan, named 1731; incorporated from Norwalk and Stamford, May, 1801. Formerly Canaan parish. 109. Waterford, incorporated from New London, Oct., 1801; name descriptive. 110.

Wilton, named a society, 1726, from Wilton in Wiltshire; incorporated from Norwalk, May, 1802. 111. Sherman, incorporated from New Fairfield, Oct., 1802, and named from Roger Sherman. 112. Marlborough, named 1747, from great Duke of Marlborough, or from Marlborough, Mass.; incorporated from Colchester, Glastonbury and Hebron, Oct., 1803. Previously Eastbury and New Marlborough. 113. Columbia, incorporated from Lebanon, May, 1804, and given the poetic name for the United States. 114. Burlington, incorporated from Bristol, May, 1806; named (as Burlington, Vt.), prob. from 3d Earl of Burlington. Formerly "West Woods" or "West Britain." 115. Canton, incorporated from Simsbury, May, 1806, and the name Canton suggested by the late Ephraim Mills, is derived from a likeness to a Swiss canton. Original name, "Suffrage." 116.

*Meriden, named in a deed 1664, from "Meriden Farms," Dorking, Surrey, Eng.; incorporated from Wallingford, May, 1806. 117. Middlebury, incorporated from Southbury, Waterbury and Woodbury, Oct., 1807; named from its position, 1790. 118. North Stonington, named 1724; incorporated from Stonington, May, 1807. 119. Vernon, incorporated from Bolton, Oct., 1808, and named prob. from the home of Washington at Mount Vernon, Va. Formerly North Bolton. 120. Griswold, incorporated from Preston, Oct., 1815; and named from Gov. Roger Griswold. 121. Salem = Hebrew "peace"; named from Salem, Mass., and incorporated as New Salem, from Colchester, Lyme and Montville, May, 1819. 122. Darien, incorporated from Stamford, May, 1820, and named from the Isthmus of Darien.

Formerly parish of Middlesex. 123. Bridgeport, name descriptive, 1800; incorporated from Fairfield and Stratford, May, 1821. Indian name, "Pequonock." Formerly Stratfield or Newfield. 124. Chaplin, society, named 1809 from its deacon, Benjamin Chaplin; incorporated from Windham, Mansfield and Hampton, May, 1822. 125. Orange, incorporated from Milford and New Haven, May, 1822, and named from Wm. of Orange (III of England). Formerly North Milford. *See "A Century of Meriden" (Curtis-Gillespie). 126. Manchester, incorporated from East Hartford, May, 1823, and named from Manchester, England, because of manufacturing. Originally Orford parish. 127. Monroe, incorporated from Huntington, May, 1823, and named from Pres. James Monroe. Formerly parish of New Stratford. 128. Madison, incorporated from Guilford, May, 1826, and named from Pres. James Madison.

Formerly East Guilford. 129. Prospect, incorporated from Cheshire and Waterbury, May, 1827; named as fine lookout place. Formerly Columbia parish. 130. Avon, incorporated from Farmington, May, 1830, and named from Avon river at Stratford-on-Avon. Formerly Northington. 131. North Branford, named as society, 1768; incorporated from Branford, May, 1831. 132. Bethany, named as parish, 1762; Heb. = house of dates; incorporated from Woodbridge, May, 1832. 133. Bloomfield, incorporated from Windsor, May, 1835; named from a Hartford family. Formerly Wintonbury. 134. Westport, incorporated from Fairfield, Norwalk and Weston, May, 1835; name descriptive. Indian name, "Saugatuck." 135. Chester, parish 1640, named from Chester in Cheshire; incorporated from Saybrook, May, 1836.

Indian name, "Pattaquonk." 136. Ledyard, incorporated from Groton, May, 1836; named from Col. Wm. Ledyard, commander at Fort Griswold, Groton, 1781. Formerly North Groton. 137. Clinton, incorporated from Killingworth, May, 1838, and from Gov. Dewitt Clinton of N.Y. 138. East Lyme, named 1816; incorporated from Lyme and Waterford, May, 1839. 139. Westbrook, parish named 1810 as west parish of Saybrook; incorporated from Saybrook, May, 1840. Indian name, "Pochaug." 140. Portland, incorporated from Chatham, May, 1841, and named from Portland, Dorsetshire, famed for quarries. Originally named Conway. 141. Rocky Hill, name given Stepney parish from a hill in it, 1826; incorporated from Wethersfield, May, 1843. 142.

Naugatuck, incorporated from Bethany, Oxford and Waterbury, May, 1844; Algonkin name = one tree. Formerly Salem parish or Salem Bridge. Originally South Farms of Waterbury. 143. Easton, incorporated from Weston, May, 1845; named as east part of Weston. 144. South Windsor, incorporated and named from East Windsor, May, 1845. Formerly Windsor Farms. 145. Eastford, named as east parish of Ashford, 1777; incorporated from Ashford, May, 1847. 146. Andover, parish named 1747, perhaps from Andover, Mass.; incorporated from Coventry and Hebron, May, 1848. 147. New Britain, parish named 1754 from (Great) Britain; incorporated from Berlin, May, 1850. 148. Seymour, incorporated from Derby, May, 1850, and named from Gov. Thomas H. Seymour.

Indian name, "Naugatuck"; called Rimmon (1670), Chusetown (1735), Humphreysville (1805). 149. Cromwell, incorporated from Middletown, May, 1851, and named from Oliver Cromwell. Formerly Upper Middletown. 150. Essex, parish named 1820; named from Essex, England; incorporated, Sept. 13, 1852, as Old Saybrook; taken from Saybrook; name changed, July 8, 1854 to Essex. Indian name, "Patapoug." 151. Old Saybrook, incorporated from Essex (then Old Saybrook), July 8, 1854, and named at the same time. 152. West Hartford, named 1806; incorporated from Hartford, May, 1854. Formerly West Division. 153. Windsor Locks, named 1833 from canal locks there; incorporated from Windsor, May, 1854. Formerly Enfield Falls. 154.

Bethel, named 1759; Hebrew = house of God; incorporated from Danbury, May, 1855. 155. Old Lyme, incorporated as South Lyme, from Lyme, May, 1855; named Old Lyme, 1857. 156. Putnam, incorporated from Pomfret, Thompson and Killingly, May, 1855; named from Israel Putnam. Indian name, "Quinebaug." 157. Bridgewater, named 1803; name descriptive, incorporated from New Milford, May, 1856. 158. Scotland, parish named by first settler, Magoon, a Scot, 1706; set off, 1732; incorporated from Windham, May, 1857. 159. East Granby, named 1822; incorporated from Granby and Windsor Locks, June, 1858. 160. North Canaan, named 1813; incorporated from Canaan (whence its name), May, 1858. 161.

Morris, incorporated from Litchfield, June, 1859, and named from James Morris, prominent resident. 162. Sprague, incorporated from Lisbon and Franklin, May, 1861, and named from W. Sprague, village founder. 163. Middlefield, named 1744, from rural part of Middletown; incorporated from Middletown, June, 1866. 164. Plainville, named 1831 = earlier name "Great Plain"; incorporated from Farmington, July, 1869. 165. Beacon Falls, name descriptive, 1856; incorporated from Bethany, Oxford, Naugatuck and Seymour, June, 1871. 166. Newington, parish named 1721, from Newington in Kent or Stoke-N. Middlesex (London), incorporated from Wethersfield, July, 1871. 167. Thomaston, incorporated from Plymouth, July, 1875; named 1866 from Seth Thomas, clock mfr. there. 168.

Ansonia, incorporated from Derby, April, 1889; named from Anson G. Phelps, founder of mfg. village, 1843. 169. West Haven, incorporated from Orange, June, 1921; named when made the west parish of New Haven, about 1720. Content Last Modified on 3/6/2008 1:59:54 PM Officials

Question: The Dukedom of Marlborough takes its title from a town in what county?
Answer: WILTSHIRE