Belladonna Effectiveness, Safety, and Drug Interactions on RxList Dosing considerations for Belladonna. What other names is Belladonna known by? Atropa belladonna, Atropa acuminata, Baccifère, Belladona, Belladone, Belle-Dame, Belle-Galante, Bouton Noir, Cerise du Diable, Cerise Enragée, Cerise d'Espagne, Deadly Nightshade, Devil's Cherries, Devil's Herb, Divale, Dwale, Dwayberry, Grande Morelle, Great Morel, Guigne de la C ôte, Herbe à la Mort, Herbe du Diable, Indian Belladonna, Morelle Furieuse, Naughty Man's Cherries, Poison Black Cherries, Suchi. What is Belladonna? Belladonna is a plant. The leaf and root are used to make medicine. The name "belladonna" means "beautiful lady," and was chosen because of a risky practice in Italy. The belladonna berry juice was used historically in Italy to enlarge the pupils of women, giving them a striking appearance. This was not a good idea, because belladonna can be poisonous.

Though widely regarded as unsafe, belladonna is used as a sedative, to stop bronchial spasms in asthma and whooping cough, and as a cold and hay fever remedy. It is also used for Parkinson's disease, colic, motion sickness, and as a painkiller. Belladonna is used in ointments that are applied to the skin for joint pain (rheumatism), leg pain caused by a disc in the backbone pushing on the sciatic nerve (sciatica), and nerve pain (neuralgia). Belladonna is also used in plasters (medicine-filled gauze applied to the skin) for treating psychiatric disorders, a behavior disorder called hyperkinesis, excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), and bronchial asthma. Rectally, belladonna is used in hemorrhoid suppositories. Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for... Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Early research suggests that taking belladonna along with the drug phenobarbital by mouth for one month does not improve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Asthma. View clinical references for this vitamin or supplement References: Berney, C. and Wolfensberger, T. J.

[Mydriasis induced by splinter from belladonna bush]. Klin Monatsbl.Augenheilkd. 2000;216(5):346-347. View abstract. Bettermann, H., Cysarz, D., Portsteffen, A., and Kummell, H. C. Bimodal dose-dependent effect on autonomic, cardiac control after oral administration of Atropa belladonna. Auton.Neurosci. 7-20-2001;90(1-2):132-137. View abstract. Ceha LJ, Presperin C, Young E, and et al. Anticholinergic toxicity from nightshade berry poisoning responsive to physostigmine. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 1997;15(1):65-69. View abstract. Cummins BM, Obetz SW, Wilson MR, and et al. Belladonna poisoning as a facet of psychodelia. Jama 1968;204(11):153. Davidov, M. I.

[Factors predisposing to acute urine retention in patients with prostatic adenoma]. Urologiia. 2007;(2):25-31. View abstract. Dobrescu DI. Propranolol in the treatment of disturbances of the autonomic nervous system. Curr.Ther.Res Clin Exp 1971;13(1):69-73. View abstract. Eichner ER, Gunsolus JM, and Powers JF. "Belladonna" poisoning confused with botulism. Jama 8-28-1967;201(9):695-696. View abstract. Firth D and Bentley JR. Belladonna poisoning from eating rabbit. Lancet 1921;2:901. Gabel MC. Purposeful ingestion of belladonna for hallucinatory effects. J.Pediatr. 1968;72(6):864-866. View abstract. Goldsmith SR, Frank I, and Ungerleider JT. Poisoning from ingestion of a stramonium-belladonna mixture: flower power gone sour.

J.A.M.A 4-8-1968;204(2):169-170. View abstract. Golwalla A. Multiple extrasystoles: an unusual manifestation of belladonna poisoning. Dis Chest 1965;48:83-84. Goodyear K., Lewith G., and Low JL. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of homoeopathic 'proving' for Belladonna C30. J.R.Soc.Med. 1998;91(11):579-582. View abstract. Hamilton M and Sclare AB. Belladonna poisoning. Br Med J 1947;611-612. Heindl, S., Binder, C., Desel, H., Matthies, U., Lojewski, I., Bandelow, B., Kahl, G. F., and Chemnitius, J. M. [Etiology of initially unexplained confusion of excitability in deadly nightshade poisoning with suicidal intent. Symptoms, differential diagnosis, toxicology and physostigmine therapy of anticholinergic syndrome].

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 11-10-2000;125(45):1361-1365. View abstract. Jacobs, K. W. Asthmador: a legal hallucinogen. Int J Addict 1974;9(4):503-512. View abstract. Joll ME. Three cases of belladonna poisoning. Lancet 1916;2:647. Kahn A., Rebuffat E, Sottiaux M, and et al. Prevention of airway obstructions during sleep in infants with breath- holding spells by means of oral belladonna: a prospective double-blind crossover evaluation. Sleep 1991;14(5):432-438. View abstract. King, J. C. Anisotropine methylbromide for relief of gastrointestinal spasm: double- blind crossover comparison study with belladonna alkaloids and phenobarbital. Curr.Ther Res Clin.Exp 1966;8(11):535-541. View abstract. Lance, J.

W., Curran, D. A., and Anthony, M. Investigations into the mechanism and treatment of chronic headache. Med.J.Aust. 11-27-1965;2(22):909-914. View abstract. Lichstein, J. and Mayer, J. D. Drug therapy in the unstable bowel (irritable colon). A 15-month double-blind clinical study in 75 cases of response to a prolonged-acting belladonna alkaloid-phenobarbital mixture or placebo. J.Chron.Dis. 1959;9(4):394-404. Minors EH. Five cases of belladonna poisoning. Br Med J 1948;2:518-519. Myers, J. H., Moro-Sutherland, D., and Shook, J. E. Anticholinergic poisoning in colicky infants treated with hyoscyamine sulfate. Am J Emerg.Med 1997;15(5):532-535. View abstract. Pan, S. Y. and Han, Y. F.

Comparison of the inhibitory efficacy of four belladonna drugs on gastrointestinal movement and cognitive function in food-deprived mice. Pharmacology 2004;72(3):177-183. View abstract. Pentel P and Mikell F. Reaction to phenylpropalamine/chlorpheniramine/belladonna compound in a women with unrecognised autonomic dysfunction. Lancet 7-31-1982;2(8292):274. View abstract. Rhodes, J. B., Abrams, J. H., and Manning, R. T. Controlled clinical trial of sedative-anticholinergic drugs in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1978;18(7):340-345. View abstract. Ritchie, J. A. and Truelove, S. C. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with lorazepam, hyoscine butylbromide, and ispaghula husk.

Br Med J 2-10-1979;1(6160):376-378. View abstract. Robinson, K., Huntington, K. M., and Wallace, M. G. Treatment of the premenstrual syndrome. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 1977;84(10):784-788. View abstract. Schneider, F., Lutun, P., Kintz, P., Astruc, D., Flesch, F., and Tempe, J. D. Plasma and urine concentrations of atropine after the ingestion of cooked deadly nightshade berries. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996;34(1):113-117. View abstract. Shader RI and Greenblatt DJ. Uses and toxicity of belladonna alkaloids and synthetic anticholinergics. Seminars in Psychiatry 1971;3(4):449-476. View abstract. Sims SR. Poisoning due to belladonna plasters. Br Med J 1954;1531.

Southgate, H. J., Egerton, M., and Dauncey, E. A. Lessons to be learned: a case study approach. Unseasonal severe poisoning of two adults by deadly nightside (Atropa belladonna). Journal of the Royal Society of Health 2000;120(2):127-130. View abstract. Steele CH. The use of Bellergal in the prophylactic treatment of some types of headaches. Ann Allergy 1954;42-46. Stieg, R. L. Double-blind study of belladonna-ergotamine-phenobarbital for interval treatment of recurrent throbbing headache. Headache 1977;17(3):120-124. View abstract. Trabattoni G, Visintini D, Terzano GM, and et al. Accidental poisoning with deadly nightshade berries: a case report. Human Toxicol. 1984;3(6):513-516. View abstract. Tsiskarishvili, N. V. and Tsiskarishvili, TsI.

[Colorimetric determination of eccrine sudoriferous glands functional condition in case of hyperhidrosis and their correction by belladonna]. Georgian.Med News 2006;(140):47-50. View abstract. Walach, H. Does a highly diluted homoeopathic drug act as a placebo in healthy volunteers? Experimental study of Belladonna 30C in double-blind crossover design--a pilot study. J.Psychosom.Res. 1993;37(8):851-860. View abstract. Walach, H., Koster, H., Hennig, T., and Haag, G. The effects of homeopathic belladonna 30CH in healthy volunteers -- a randomized, double-blind experiment. J.Psychosom.Res. 2001;50(3):155-160. View abstract. Williams HC and du Vivier A. Belladonna plaster--not as bella as it seems. Contact Dermatitis 1990;23(2):119-120. View abstract. Alster TS, West TB.

Effect of topical vitamin C on postoperative carbon dioxide laser resurfacing erythema. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:331-4. View abstract. Balzarini, A., Felisi, E., Martini, A., and De Conno, F. Efficacy of homeopathic treatment of skin reactions during radiotherapy for breast cancer: a randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Br Homeopath J 2000;89(1):8-12. View abstract. Corazziari, E., Bontempo, I., and Anzini, F. Effects of cisapride on distal esophageal motility in humans. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34(10):1600-1605. View abstract. Friese KH, Kruse S, Ludtke R, and et al. The homoeopathic treatment of otitis media in children--comparisons with conventional therapy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997;35(7):296-301. View abstract.

Jaspersen-Schib R, Theus L, Guirguis-Oeschger M, et al. [Serious plant poisonings in Switzerland 1966-1994. Case analysis from the Swiss Toxicology Information Center]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1996;126:1085-98. View abstract. Whitmarsh, T. E., Coleston-Shields, D. M., and Steiner, T. J. Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of homoeopathic prophylaxis of migraine. Cephalalgia 1997;17(5):600-604. View abstract. Wilkinson JM. What do we know about herbal morning sickness treatments? A literature survey. Midwifery 2000;16:224-8. View abstract. Bergmans M, Merkus J, Corbey R, and et al. Effect of Bellergal Retard on climacteric complaints: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Maturitas 1987;9:227-234.

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Belladonna - Homeopathy Homeopathy Deadly Nightshade / Devil's Cherries Atropa belladonna The homeopathic remedy belladonna is prepared using the entire belladonna plant and this medication is used to cure a number of health conditions, especially unexpected start of infections accompanied by inflammation. Belladonna is an enduring plant that grows perennially. The plant has a plump, white colored, chunky root. The leaves of the belladonna plant have a deep green, but dull hue and they grow up to three to ten inches in length and are generally not the same in their size. The belladonna plant belongs to the Solanaceae family, which is known by different names, such as nightshade, atropa belladonna, deadly nightshade and devil's cherry. Owing to the presence of alkaloid atropine , the belladonna plant is considered to be extremely noxious. In effect, the root of the plant encloses the maximum toxic intensity. It is interesting to note that ladies in Italy used the deadly nightshade in the 16th century as a cosmetic to make their eyes glisten.

Hence, in Italian, the plant belladonna or the term bella donna denotes a ï¿½gorgeous lady'. In effect, developed in 1799 by the founder of homeopathy Samuel Hahnemann to cure scarlet fever , belladonna was among the first medicines developed in homeopathy. Hahnemann actually developed this remedy following his observation that the symptoms of the poisoning caused by deadly nightshade resembled the symptoms of scarlet fever closely. In homeopathy, belladonna is a vital remedy for severe ailments that start suddenly and immediately become violent or grave. This homeopathic remedy is generally prescribed for people who are normally healthy and energetic, but become restive and disturbed when they fall ill. Such people have a tendency to unexpected, hotheaded anger that is often manifested by a strong desire to assail or even bite others. People who require the homeopathy remedy belladonna usually suffer from symptoms like acute fever , excruciating pain , especially in the head owing to quick blood circulation , dilated pupils and a dry, flushed skin. Often such people become hypersensitive to light, noise and even touch when they are ill. In addition, they are also very sensitive to quick changes in the temperature.

Normally, belladonna is prescribed for people enduring severe pain, inflammation or any infection, especially on the upper part of the respiratory tract. In addition, this homeopathic medicine is also given to cure menstrual pain wherein there is excessive and painful menstrual flow. In such cases, the blood is likely to be warm and also vivid red or clotted. In addition, belladonna is given to patients to treat febrile convulsions (convulsions in children and infants that are accompanied by high fever), sunstroke as well as mastitis (breast inflammation) during breastfeeding . In effect, belladonna is believed to be among the most important homeopathic medications. Belladonna is most suitable to treat disorders of the heart , blood vessels, lungs as well as the nervous system. As aforementioned, the belladonna or the deadly nightshade plant is highly toxic. However, when it is given as a homeopathic medication, it does not retain even the slightest trace of toxicity and is very safe for human use. This is primarily because the medicine is prepared by heavily diluting the toxic juice of the plant by adding alcohol to remove the noxiousness. The manner in which this homeopathic remedy works inside our body is very interesting.

It seems that this medication functions most excellently for people having precise personality attributes. It has been established that belladonna has the aptitude to provide relief from high fevers very quickly and is also very effective in treating the symptoms related to flu . Individuals having a flushed face or glistening skin are likely to respond best to belladonna. They are the ones who are benefitted most by using this homeopathic remedy. In effect, the homeopathic remedy belladonna is an instance of the manner in which homeopathic doses use poisonous or toxic substances for a number of preparations, but the remedies are absolutely without any toxic trait following heavy dilution and continued succussion. These two processes help to get rid of all the poisonous elements from these homeopathic medications. Belladonna is among those homeopathic remedies that can be used by children and adults alike with complete trust since it is 100 per cent safe and its use does not result in any side effect. This is contrary to conventional medications which always cause some or other side effects. The action of belladonna on the blood vessels as well as the circulatory system demonstrates how helpful this medication can be for treating high blood pressure and high fevers.

Individuals who require the homeopathic remedy belladonna most are those who usually suffer from symptoms such as hot, flushed skin and reddened congested face. Some patients may also experience their hands and feet becoming cold owing to imperfect blood circulation. The other symptoms endured by people requiring belladonna include excruciating headaches and hard throbbing pulse. Such patients also have an inclination to have distended glands. Often, they also feel lightheaded and are likely to fall down to their left side or backwards. In addition, though they may feel sleepy, they are unable to sleep. In such conditions, turning to belladonna not only cures the actual health problems, but also eases the associated symptoms. It may be noted that despite its numerous therapeutic benefits, the homeopathic remedy belladonna may be fairly dangerous when taken in excessive amounts. Nevertheless, it is still being used in small dosages to cure nervousness as well as inflammation of the different body parts. In addition, belladonna is a useful homeopathic medicine which is held to soothe the mind and also promote sound and undisturbed sleep.

As discussed earlier, belladonna or the deadly nightshade plant has been used since the early part of the 16th century as a cosmetic as well as to promote relaxation. The soothing and relaxation benefits offered by this herbaceous plant were particularly desired as well as preferred by people who suffered from violent paroxysms and nervous tensions. In homeopathy, the consequences of using belladonna made it an extensively popular remedy to promote deep and sound sleep and relaxation and, hence, it was used by people all over the globe. In contemporary times too, in homeopathy, belladonna is primarily used to provide relaxation. However, several homeopathic physicians generally use very diluted and low dosages of this homeopathic remedy to steer clear of poisoning . Here is a small guide regarding the optimum and safe use of belladonna in homeopathy. This homeopathic remedy is prepared using the whole belladonna or deadly nightshade plant. Hence, it is advisable that to prepare the medication, it is important to dry and crush the plant in order to extract all the essential oils and juices enclosed by this herbaceous plant.

After extracting the oils and juices, they are put in alcohol to prepare a dilute solution that is subsequently prepared into a tincture of belladonna. Since this tincture is in a liquid state, it can be taken by placing it under the tongue without any difficulty. However, majority of the individuals taking the homeopathic remedy belladonna prefer to take the medication by putting it in a drink. It may be noted that the latter method has given rise to plenty of controversies, as any excess dosage of the medication may result in poisoning. Therefore, it is advisable only to take small and diluted doses of belladonna by placing the medication under the tongue. Although the homeopathic remedy belladonna does not result in any side effects when taken in highly diluted and very small doses, it can turn out to be poisonous when used in large amounts. The major side effects caused by the use of this homeopathic medicine may include headaches, migraines and at times, extreme seizures or convulsions. It may be noted that taking belladonna in excessive amounts or an overdose of this homeopathic remedy may also result in death.

Hence, it is advisable that before using this homeopathic medicine, people ought to ask for judicious and reliable advice on the herb from any licensed general physician or a person who is specialized in homeopathic medicines. In effect, majority of the medical authorities suggest that the physicians should look for other safer herbs providing the same therapeutic benefits, but without any side effect, as an alternative to belladonna. This is all the more important when they are dealing with infants and small children. For instance, they recommend using melatonin to encourage relaxation as well as reduce nervous tensions, which eventually helps to promote sound and undisturbed sleep. Parts used The homeopathic remedy belladonna is prepared using the entire belladonna or deadly nightshade plant. After collecting all the parts of the plant, they are crushed and flattened to extract the juice of this herbaceous plant. Subsequently, the juice is mixed with alcohol to produce an extremely diluted preparation. It may be noted that though the belladonna or the deadly nightshade plant is toxic by nature, the final medicine belladonna prepared using the entire plant does not contain even the slightest trace of toxicity and is useful for treating numerous health conditions.

Uses While the homeopathic remedy belladonna has numerous therapeutic utilities, it is primarily used to cure health conditions related to abrupt start of infections accompanied by inflammation, for instance, severe fever along with staring eyes. In such conditions, the patients hardly have any thirst or they crave only for sour drinks. Other symptoms of this health condition includes tonsillitis , flu, a tender throat , a dry and irritating cough which deteriorates when the patient is talking as well as earache (particularly on the right side) and this symptom usually worsens when the patient's head gets wet or due to cold. In addition, the patients may also suffer from symptoms like a pallid mouth and lips, excruciating pain, a vividly red tongue, an arid and flushed skin accompanied by cold hands and feet, a red, warm face. In addition, homeopathic physicians prescribe belladonna to cure pulsation headaches wherein even the least movement of the eyes exaggerates the pain, distended, red breasts owing to breastfeeding, labor pain , boils , convulsions, nephritis or inflammation of the kidneys, cystitis (inflammation of the urinary bladder), and sleep disorders or insomnia .

Often this homeopathic medication is also administered to children suffering from teething pains as well as to bring down high fever. In homeopathy, belladonna is also an excellent remedy for migraines, especially those that are accompanied by a violent and excruciating pain. Patients suffering from this type of migraine usually have pain that begins in the back of the head and gradually spreads to the area around the right eye brow and finally settles behind the eye. Turning to belladonna helps to cure the migraine as well as the associated symptoms. Source The belladonna or the deadly nightshade plant is an herbaceous plant belonging to the family Solanaceae. This plant grows perennially and is indigenous to Europe, North Africa as well as Western Asia. Belladonna - Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine - altMD.com Article Belladonna Description Belladonna, more commonly known as deadly night-shade, Atropa belladonna, devil's cherries, devil's herb, divale, dwale, dwayberry, great morel, naughty man's cherries, and poison black cherry, is a perennial herb that has been valued for its medicinal properties for over five centuries.

Belladonna is a member of the Solanaceae (nightshade) family, and can be identified by its bell-shaped, purple flowers and cherry-sized green berries that mature to a dark purple or black color. The tall, branching plant can grow to a height of at least 5 ft (1.5 m), and is native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia and cultivated in North America and the United Kingdom. Belladonna has also been introduced to a number of places, including the United States and Ireland and now grows wild. Belladonna leaves are large (up to 10 in [25.4 cm] in length) and grow in pairs on either side of the plant stem. Near the flowers or blossoms, one of each leaf pair is noticeably smaller in size. Both the leaves and root have a sharp, unpleasant odor and bitter taste. As the name deadly nightshade suggests, the herb is highly toxic if taken even when taken in extremely low concentrations. One of the first widespread uses of the herb was purely a cosmetic one.

Sixteenth century Italian women reportedly applied belladonna solutions to their eyes to dilate the pupils and achieve a dreamy and supposedly more desirable appearance (hence the name belladonna, which is Italian for 'beautiful lady'). Atropine, an alkaloid of belladonna that blocks certain nerve impulses, is still used by some opthamologists today to dilate the pupils for eye exams. General use Belladonna has a long history of medicinal applications in healthcare. Belladonna alkaloids are anticholinergic, which means that it works by blocking the certain nerve impulses involved in the parasympathetic nervous system, which regulates certain involuntary bodily functions or reflexes, including pupil dilation, heart rate, secretion of glands and organs, and the constriction of the bronchioles in the lungs and the alimentary canal (digestive tract). Belladonna relaxes the smooth muscles of the internal organs and inhibits or dries up secretions (e.g., perspiration, mucous, breast milk, and saliva). Belladonna alkaloids, the active ingredients of the plant, include atropine and scopolamine.

These alkaloids are extracted from the leaves and root of the plant and administered either alone or in combination with other herbal remedies or prescription medications. However even tiny doses are toxic and should only be taken by prescription. Belladonna alkaloids are used to treat a variety of symptoms and conditions, including: Gastrointestinal disorders. Because the alkaloids relax the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and reduces stomach acid secretions, it is useful in treating colitis, diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome, colic, diarrhea, and peptic ulcer. Asthma. By relaxing the bronchioles, belladonna alleviates the wheezing symptoms of an asthma attack. Excessive sweating. Belladonna slows gland and organ secretion, which makes it useful in controlling conditions that cause excessive sweating. Nighttime incontinence. Belladonna acts as a diuretic, and can be helpful in treating excessive nighttime urination and incontinence. Headaches and migraines. The pain-relieving properties of atropine, a belladonna alkaloid, are useful in treating headaches. Muscle pains and spasms. Belladonna is frequently prescribed to ease severe menstrual cramps. Motion sickness.

Scopolamine, an alkaloid of belladonna, is helpful in treating motion sickness and vertigo. Parkinson's disease. Belladonna can alleviate the excessive sweating and salivation associated with the disease, as well as controlling tremors and muscle rigidity. Biliary colic. Muscle spasm, or colic, of the gallbladder and liver can be relieved through the muscle relaxing properties of belladonna. Homeopathic use Belladonna is frequently prescribed homeopathic remedy used to treat illnesses that manifest symptoms similar to those that belladonna poisoning triggers (i.e., high fever, nausea, delirium, muscle spasms, flushed skin, dilated pupils). These include the common cold, otitis media (earache), fever, arthritis, menstrual cramps, diverticulitis, muscle pain, sunstroke, toothache and teething, conjunctivitis, headaches, sore throat, and boils and abscesses. As with all homeopathic remedies, the prescription of belladonna depends on the individual's overall symptom picture, mood, and temperament.

When used as a homeopathic remedy, belladonna is administered in a highly diluted form to trigger the body's natural healing response without risk of belladonna poisoning or death. Results of a clinical trial performed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan, Italy, have also indicated that homeopathic remedies of belladonna can be useful in relieving the discomfort, warmth, and swelling of the skin associated with radiotherapy for breast cancer (i.e., radiodermatitis). Preparations Belladonna leaf is harvested between May and July and dried at temperatures no warmer than 140°F (60° C). The roots of Atropa belladonna plants that have reached two to four year old maturity are also harvested for herbal preparations in early fall between mid-October and mid-November. The roots are then cleaned and dried at temperatures no warmer than 122°F (50°C). After drying, the leaves and roots are crushed for use in a number of forms, including decoctions, tinctures, infusions, plasters, pills, suppositories, liquid solutions or suspensions, and powders. They can be used both alone and in combination with other herbs and medications.

It is extremely dangerous to self-prescribe belladonna, and it should always be taken under the direction of a doctor or other qualified healthcare professional. The frequency and quantity of dosage will depend on both the patient and the illness the herb is prescribed for, but the doses are always extremely small. For example the Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) for Herbal Medicines recommends an average single dose of 0.05-0.10 g. Each patient's illness is different and some patients experience toxicity at unusually low doses. For homeopathic remedies, the plant is broken apart and juice is extracted through a pressing process. The extract is then mixed with a water/alcohol solution by a ratio of either 1:10 or 1:100, and this process is repeated up to 30 times to form an extremely diluted dose of the extract. Homeopathic belladonna remedy is generally added to pellets of sugar for easier administration. The dilution and dosage frequency depend on the symptoms being treated, but homeopathic remedies are typically administered only until the patient starts to show signs of improvement so that the body's natural healing response can take over.

Belladonna is available by prescription both alone (in high concentration strength) and in combination with other drugs. Currently available prescription combinations include belladonna with opium (for uterine pain), kaolin and pectin (for diarrhea), pheno-barbital (for menopausal symptoms and migraine prophylactic), other barbiturates (for insomnia and for cramping and muscle spasms in the digestive tract), or belladonna and opium suppositories (for severe intestinal cramping). Belladonna preparations should be stored in air-tight containers away from direct light. Under these conditions, most preparations will remain potent for up to three years. Precautions Ingestion of high concentrations of atropine, a potent alkaloid found in belladonna, can cause severe illness and death. Atropine is fatal in doses as small as 100 mg, which equals 5-50 g of belladonna herb, depending on the potency of the particular plant. For children, a fatal dose is even significantly less. For this reason, belladonna should never be used unless prescribed by a trained practitioner.

Individuals suffering from kidney disease, intestinal blockage, glaucoma, enlarged prostate, urinary blockage, severe ulcerative colitis, or myasthenia gravis are advised not to take belladonna, as are those patients with a known allergy to belladonna. Patients with any chronic health conditions should never take belladonna without a doctor's prescription. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid all but homeopathic belladonna, unless prescribed by a doctor. Because of the sedative qualities of belladonna, individuals taking the herb should use caution when driving or operating machinery. Alcohol and other central nervous system (CNS) depressants should also be avoided, as they may increase drowsiness and dizziness in the patient taking belladonna. If individuals taking homeopathic dilutions of belladonna experience worsening of their symptoms (known as a homeopathic aggravation), they should contact their healthcare professional. A homeopathic aggravation can be an early indication that a remedy is working properly, but it can also be a sign that a different remedy is called for. Side effects Toxic signs of belladonna include dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, and nausea.

Some side effects, including pupil dilation, blurred vision, fever (due to the inability to perspire), inability to urinate, arrhythmia, and excessive dry mouth and eyes, can also be early indications of belladonna overdose. Individuals experiencing these side effects should inform their health care practitioner immediately. Belladonna overdose is also indicated by a burning throat, delirium, restlessness and mania, hallucinations, difficulty breathing, and flushed skin that is hot and dry. Without proper treatment, constriction of the airway can cause suffocation. If any of these symptoms occur, individuals should seek emergency medical attention immediately. Treatment of belladonna overdose is typically gastric lavage, which involves inserting a tube down the patient's throat and washing out the stomach with a solution of activated charcoal or tannic acid to neutralize the atropine. Oxygen may also be required until breathing is stabilized, and barbiturates may be administered to counteract mania and/or excitation. Interactions Certain medications may increase the effects of belladonna.

These include central nervous system (CNS) depressants, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, quinidine, amantadine, antihistamines, and other anticholinergics. Other medications, including anticoagulants (blood thinners) and corticotropin (ACTH), become less effective when used with belladonna, while some drugs, such as diarrhea medicines containing kaolin and attapulgite, may decrease the therapeutic response to belladonna when they are taken with the herb. If you are taking these or any other medications or herbal remedies, let your healthcare professional know. Alcohol, a CNS depressant, can also enhance the sedative effect of belladonna, and should be avoided during belladonna treatment. Individuals considering treatment with homeopathic dilutions of belladonna should consult their healthcare professional about possible interactions with certain foods, beverages, prescription medications, aromatic compounds, and other environmental elements that could counteract the efficacy of belladonna treatment. Resources BOOKS Jonas, Wayne B., M.D. and Jennifer Jacobs, M.D., M.P.H. Healing With Homeopathy. New York: Warner Books, 1996.

Medical Economics Company. PDR for Herbal Medicines. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, 1998. PERIODICALS Balzarini, A. et al. "Efficacy of homeopathic treatment of skin reactions during radiotherapy for breast cancer: a randomised, double-blind clinical trial ". British Homeopathic Journal. (January 2000) 89 (1): 8-12. Sahelian, Ray and Victoria Dolby Toews. "Give Colds the Shoulder." Better Nutrition. (October 1999) 61 (10): 40-44. ORGANIZATIONS The American Botanical Council. P.O. Box 144345, Austin, TX 78714-4345. (512)926-4900. . Office of Dietary Supplements. National Institutes of Health. Building 31, Room 1B25, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086. (301) 435-2920.

Ods@ nih.gov. . Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Belladonna: MedlinePlus Supplements Golwalla A. Multiple extrasystoles: an unusual manifestation of belladonna poisoning. Dis Chest 1965;48:83-84. Hamilton M and Sclare AB. Belladonna poisoning. Br Med J 1947;611-612. Cummins BM, Obetz SW, Wilson MR, and et al. Belladonna poisoning as a facet of psychodelia. Jama 1968;204:153. Sims SR. Poisoning due to belladonna plasters. Br Med J 1954;1531. Minors EH. Five cases of belladonna poisoning. Br Med J 1948;2:518-519. Joll ME. Three cases of belladonna poisoning. Lancet 1916;2:647. Firth D and Bentley JR. Belladonna poisoning from eating rabbit.

Lancet 1921;2:901. Bergmans M, Merkus J, Corbey R, and et al. Effect of Bellergal Retard on climacteric complaints: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Maturitas 1987;9:227-234. Lichstein, J. and Mayer, J. D. Drug therapy in the unstable bowel (irritable colon). A 15-month double-blind clinical study in 75 cases of response to a prolonged-acting belladonna alkaloid-phenobarbital mixture or placebo. J.Chron.Dis. 1959;9:394-404. Steele CH. The use of Bellergal in the prophylactic treatment of some types of headaches. Ann Allergy 1954;42-46. Myers, J. H., Moro-Sutherland, D., and Shook, J. E. Anticholinergic poisoning in colicky infants treated with hyoscyamine sulfate. Am J Emerg.Med 1997;15:532-535. View abstract .

Whitmarsh, T. E., Coleston-Shields, D. M., and Steiner, T. J. Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of homoeopathic prophylaxis of migraine. Cephalalgia 1997;17:600-604. View abstract . Friese KH, Kruse S, Ludtke R, and et al. The homoeopathic treatment of otitis media in children--comparisons with conventional therapy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997;35:296-301. View abstract . Ceha LJ, Presperin C, Young E, and et al. Anticholinergic toxicity from nightshade berry poisoning responsive to physostigmine. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 1997;15:65-69. View abstract . Schneider, F., Lutun, P., Kintz, P., Astruc, D., Flesch, F., and Tempe, J. D. Plasma and urine concentrations of atropine after the ingestion of cooked deadly nightshade berries.

J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996;34:113-117. View abstract . Walach, H. Does a highly diluted homoeopathic drug act as a placebo in healthy volunteers? Experimental study of Belladonna 30C in double-blind crossover design--a pilot study. J.Psychosom.Res. 1993;37:851-860. View abstract . Trabattoni G, Visintini D, Terzano GM, and et al. Accidental poisoning with deadly nightshade berries: a case report. Human Toxicol. 1984;3:513-516. View abstract . Pentel P and Mikell F. Reaction to phenylpropalamine/chlorpheniramine/belladonna compound in a women with unrecognised autonomic dysfunction. Lancet 7-31-1982;2:274. View abstract . Eichner ER, Gunsolus JM, and Powers JF. "Belladonna" poisoning confused with botulism.

Jama 8-28-1967;201:695-696. View abstract . Goldsmith SR, Frank I, and Ungerleider JT. Poisoning from ingestion of a stramonium-belladonna mixture: flower power gone sour. J.A.M.A 4-8-1968;204:169-170. View abstract . Gabel MC. Purposeful ingestion of belladonna for hallucinatory effects. J.Pediatr. 1968;72:864-866. View abstract . Lance, J. W., Curran, D. A., and Anthony, M. Investigations into the mechanism and treatment of chronic headache. Med.J.Aust. 11-27-1965;2:909-914. View abstract . Dobrescu DI. Propranolol in the treatment of disturbances of the autonomic nervous system. Curr.Ther.Res Clin Exp 1971;13:69-73. View abstract . King, J. C.

Anisotropine methylbromide for relief of gastrointestinal spasm: double- blind crossover comparison study with belladonna alkaloids and phenobarbital. Curr.Ther Res Clin.Exp 1966;8:535-541. View abstract . Jacobs, K. W. Asthmador: a legal hallucinogen. Int J Addict 1974;9:503-512. View abstract . Shader RI and Greenblatt DJ. Uses and toxicity of belladonna alkaloids and synthetic anticholinergics. Seminars in Psychiatry 1971;3:449-476. View abstract . Rhodes, J. B., Abrams, J. H., and Manning, R. T. Controlled clinical trial of sedative-anticholinergic drugs in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1978;18:340-345. View abstract . Robinson, K., Huntington, K. M., and Wallace, M. G. Treatment of the premenstrual syndrome. Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol.

1977;84:784-788. View abstract . Stieg, R. L. Double-blind study of belladonna-ergotamine-phenobarbital for interval treatment of recurrent throbbing headache. Headache 1977;17:120-124. View abstract . Ritchie, J. A. and Truelove, S. C. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with lorazepam, hyoscine butylbromide, and ispaghula husk. Br Med J 2-10-1979;1:376-378. View abstract . Williams HC and du Vivier A. Belladonna plaster--not as bella as it seems. Contact Dermatitis 1990;23:119-120. View abstract . Kahn A., Rebuffat E, Sottiaux M, and et al. Prevention of airway obstructions during sleep in infants with breath- holding spells by means of oral belladonna: a prospective double-blind crossover evaluation. Sleep 1991;14:432-438.

View abstract . Davidov, M. I. [Factors predisposing to acute urine retention in patients with prostatic adenoma]. Urologiia. 2007;:25-31. View abstract . Tsiskarishvili, N. V. and Tsiskarishvili, TsI. [Colorimetric determination of eccrine sudoriferous glands functional condition in case of hyperhidrosis and their correction by belladonna]. Georgian.Med News 2006;:47-50. View abstract . Pan, S. Y. and Han, Y. F. Comparison of the inhibitory efficacy of four belladonna drugs on gastrointestinal movement and cognitive function in food-deprived mice. Pharmacology 2004;72:177-183. View abstract . Bettermann, H., Cysarz, D., Portsteffen, A., and Kummell, H. C. Bimodal dose-dependent effect on autonomic, cardiac control after oral administration of Atropa belladonna. Auton.Neurosci.

7-20-2001;90(1-2):132-137. View abstract . Walach, H., Koster, H., Hennig, T., and Haag, G. The effects of homeopathic belladonna 30CH in healthy volunteers -- a randomized, double-blind experiment. J.Psychosom.Res. 2001;50:155-160. View abstract . Heindl, S., Binder, C., Desel, H., Matthies, U., Lojewski, I., Bandelow, B., Kahl, G. F., and Chemnitius, J. M. [Etiology of initially unexplained confusion of excitability in deadly nightshade poisoning with suicidal intent. Symptoms, differential diagnosis, toxicology and physostigmine therapy of anticholinergic syndrome]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 11-10-2000;125:1361-1365. View abstract . Southgate, H. J., Egerton, M., and Dauncey, E. A.

Lessons to be learned: a case study approach. Unseasonal severe poisoning of two adults by deadly nightside (Atropa belladonna). Journal of the Royal Society of Health 2000;120:127-130. View abstract . Berney, C. and Wolfensberger, T. J. [Mydriasis induced by splinter from belladonna bush]. Klin Monatsbl.Augenheilkd. 2000;216:346-347. View abstract . Balzarini, A., Felisi, E., Martini, A., and De Conno, F. Efficacy of homeopathic treatment of skin reactions during radiotherapy for breast cancer: a randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Br Homeopath J 2000;89:8-12. View abstract . Goodyear K., Lewith G., and Low JL. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of homoeopathic 'proving' for Belladonna C30. J.R.Soc.Med. 1998;91:579-582. View abstract .

Corazziari, E., Bontempo, I., and Anzini, F. Effects of cisapride on distal esophageal motility in humans. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34:1600-1605. View abstract . Alster TS, West TB. Effect of topical vitamin C on postoperative carbon dioxide laser resurfacing erythema. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:331-4. View abstract . Wilkinson JM. What do we know about herbal morning sickness treatments? A literature survey. Midwifery 2000;16:224-8. View abstract . Jaspersen-Schib R, Theus L, Guirguis-Oeschger M, et al. [Serious plant poisonings in Switzerland 1966-1994. Case analysis from the Swiss Toxicology Information Center]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1996;126:1085-98. View abstract . McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information.

Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998. Last reviewed - 02/23/2015 Browse Herb & Supplements This copyrighted, evidence-based medicine resource is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database disclaims any responsibility related to consequences of using any product. This monograph should not replace advice from a healthcare professional and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.

Copyright © 1995 - 2017 Therapeutic Research Center, publishers of Natural Medicines, Prescriber’s Letter, Pharmacist’s Letter. All rights reserved. For scientific data on natural medicines, professionals may consult Natural Medicines . Belladonna: Remedy with a Dark Past Belladonna: Remedy with a Dark Past Belladonna: Remedy with a Dark Past Written by Susan York Morris Medically Reviewed by Email addresses will not be shared with 3rd parties. See privacy policy Thank you. Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Belladonna (Atropa belladonna) is a poisonous plant that has been used as a medicine since ancient times. It is named “Belladonna” for the “beautiful women” of Renaissance Italy, who took it to enlarge their pupils, which they found more alluring. But it also goes by a more sinister name — deadly nightshade — that implies a darker history.

Indeed, not only are its dark berries sometimes known as murderer’s berries, sorcerer’s berries, and even devil’s berries, they are thought to be the poison that caused Juliet to appear dead in Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet.” Is It Safe? Despite its ominous name, it’s highly unlikely that you’ve never used belladonna. It’s an ingredient in a number of medications, and also sold as a supplement. When your eye doctor dilates your eyes, belladonna is in the eye drops. But how safe is it? Belladonna, native to Europe and parts of Asia, can grow up to 5 feet. It has purple flowers and dark, inky berries that are slightly sweet. Belladonna’s so toxic that eating a small quantity of its leaves or berries can be fatal to humans, particularly children, and some animals. Simply touching the leaves can irritate your skin. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), it is not safe when taken orally. Medical Uses Despite its toxicity, belladonna has some medicinal benefit. The chemicals atropine and scopolamine, which are derived from belladonna, have important medicinal properties.

Atropine and scopolamine have almost the same uses, but atropine is more effective at relaxing muscle spasms and regulating heart rate. It’s also used to dilate the pupils during an eye exam. Atropine can also be an antidote for insecticides and chemical warfare agents. Scopolamine has many sources, including belladonna, and is more effective at reducing body secretions, such as stomach acid. It can also help motion sickness, via skin patch. Combined with Phenobarbital or other medications, these chemical derivatives of belladonna (atropine or scopolamine) are used to treat a number of conditions, including: irritable bowel syndrome gout Is It Safe to Take Belladonna? Belladonna should be safe for you if your doctor prescribes it and you take it as directed. If you are considering using an over-the-counter product, remember that there are a number of concerns about belladonna specifically, and herbal products in general. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) doesn’t test homeopathic and herbal supplements for safety or effectiveness. According to the NIH, there isn’t enough evidence to prove that belladonna is effective for the uses we see on product labels.

When it comes to deadly nightshade, unless it’s been prescribed by your doctor, you might want to take a pass. 1 Belladonna and Opium Suppository - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses Belladonna and Opium Suppository Generic Name: atropa belladonna and opium Dosage Form: rectal suppository Disclaimer: This drug has not been found by FDA to be safe and effective, and this labeling has not been approved by FDA. For further information about unapproved drugs, click here. BELLADONNA & OPIUM CII Belladonna and Opium Suppository Description Each Belladonna and Opium Suppository contains (in a water-soluble base consisting of Polyethylene Glycol 400, 1450, 8000 and Polysorbate 60): Belladonna (16.2 mg) and Opium (30 mg): Powdered opium 30 mg (Warning: May be habit forming.) and powdered belladonna extract 16.2 mg.

Belladonna (16.2 mg) and Opium (60 mg): Powdered opium 60 mg (Warning: May be habit forming.) and powdered belladonna extract 16.2 mg. This drug falls into the pharmacological/therapeutic class of narcotic analgesic/antispasmotic agents. The pharmacologically active principles present in the belladonna extract component of belladonna and opium suppositories are: Established Name: Atropine Chemical Name: dl Tropyl Tropate Established Name: Scopolamine Chemical Name: dl Scopolamine Opium contains more than twenty alkaloids, the principle ones being morphine (10%), narcotine (6%), papaverine (1%) and codeine (0.5%). The major pharmacologically active principle of the powdered opium component of belladonna and opium suppositories, however, is: Name: Morphine 17-Methyl-morphinan-3, 6-diol Belladonna and Opium Suppository - Clinical Pharmacology Through its parasympatholytic action, atropine relaxes smooth muscle resulting from parasympathetic stimulation.

It is the dl isomer of l-hyoscyamine and therefore exhibits the same clinical effects. It is, however, approximately one-half as active peripherally as lhyoscyamine, the latter being the major active plant alkaloid. The dl isomer atropine is formed during the process of isolation of the belladonna extract.1 Morphine, the major active principle of powdered opium, is responsible for the action of powdered opium although the other alkaloids present also contribute to it. The sedative and analgesic action of morphine, the effect desired by inclusion in belladonna and opium suppositories of powdered opium, are thought to be due to the depressant effect on the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and medullary centers. In large doses, the opiates and their analogs also exhibit synaptic conduction in the spinothalamic tracts, depress the function of the reticular formation, the lemniscus and the thalamic relays, and inhibit spinal synaptic reflexes: but these inhibitor actions should not be elicited with therapeutic doses of the drug. Moderate doses of powdered opium should not alter the electroencephalogram.

The action of morphine consists mainly of a descending depression of the central nervous system. It exerts its analgesic action by increasing the pain threshold or the magnitude of stimulus required to evoke pain and by dulling the sensibility or reaction to pain. In addition to its action in abolishing pain, morphine induces a sense of well-being (euphoria) facilitating certain mental processes while retarding others. Upon absorption of morphine, oxidative dealkylation to produce nor-compounds appears to be the first step in the reaction sequence which imparts analgesia. Morphine is conjugated in the liver to form the 3-glucuronide which passes into the bile and is reabsorbed and excreted in the urine. The atropine effect of the belladonna extract serves to eliminate morphine induced smooth muscle spasm without affecting the sedative analgesic action of powdered opium.2 Indications and Usage for Belladonna and Opium Suppository Belladonna and opium suppositories are used for relief of moderate to severe pain associated with ureteral spasm not responsive to non-narcotic analgesics and to space intervals between injections of opiates.

Contraindications Do not use belladonna and opium suppositories in patients suffering from glaucoma, severe hepatic or renal disease, bronchial asthma, narcotic idiosyncrasies, respiratory depression, convulsive disorders, acute alcoholism, delirium tremens and premature labor. Warnings True addiction may result from opium usage. These preparations are not recommended for use in children. Precautions Administer with caution to persons with a known idiosyncrasy to atropine or to atropinelike compounds; to persons known to be sensitive to or addicted to morphine or morphinelike drugs; to persons with cardiac disease, incipient glaucoma or prostatic hypertrophy. Caution should be used in the administration of this drug to elderly and debilitated patients and patients with increased intracranial pressure, toxic psychosis and myxedema. Pregnancy Category C Animal studies have not been conducted with belladonna and opium suppositories. It is also not known whether belladonna and opium suppositories can affect reproductive capacity. The active principles of belladonna and opium suppositories, atropine and morphine, are known to enter the fetal circulation.

Regular use of opium alkaloids during pregnancy has resulted in addiction of the fetus leading to withdrawal symptoms in the neonate. Belladonna and opium suppositories therefore should be used by a pregnant woman with caution and only when clearly indicated. Nursing Mothers It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when belladonna and opium suppositories are administered to a nursing woman. Adverse Reactions Belladonna may cause drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention, photophobia, rapid pulse, dizziness and blurred vision. Opium usage may result in constipation, nausea or vomiting. Pruritis and urticaria may occasionally occur. Drug Abuse and Dependence Because of their content of opium, belladonna and opium suppositories are considered as Schedule II drugs by the Drug Enforcement Administration. No data exists on chronic abuse effects or dependence characteristics of belladonna and opium suppositories. Overdosage As with morphine and related narcotics, overdosage is characterized by respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils and coma. Respiratory depression may be reversed by intravenous administration of naloxone hydrochloride.

In addition, supportive measures such as oxygenation, intravenous fluids and vasopressors should be used as indicated. As with atropine derivatives, hot, dry, flushed skin; dry mouth and hyperpyrexia may occur. Belladonna and Opium Suppository Dosage and Administration Adults: One Belladonna and Opium Suppository rectally once or twice daily, not to exceed four doses daily or as recommended by the physician. Moisten finger and suppository with water before inserting. Absorption is dependent on body hydration and not on body temperature. Not recommended for use in children 12 years of age and under. Store at room temperature. DO NOT REFRIGERATE. PROTECT FROM MOISTURE DURING STORAGE. How is Belladonna and Opium Suppository Supplied Belladonna (16.2 mg) and Opium (30 mg) suppositories are easy to open, color-coded and available in cartons of 12's.

12's NDC 0574-7045-12 Belladonna (16.2 mg) and Opium (60 mg) suppositories are easy to open, color coded and available in cartons of 12's. Schedule II controlled substances-DEA order required. Caution: Federal law prohibits transfer of this drug to any person other than the patient for whom it was prescribed. 1. Gilman, A.G., Goodman, L.S. & Gilman, A 6th Edition, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, MacMillan Pub. Co., NY 1980, pp. 121-127 2. Ibid, pp. 494-513

Question: What is an alternative name for Belladonna?
Answer: Deadly Nightshade