Watch QI Season 6 Full Episodes Season 0 (9) Watch QI Season 6 Full Episodes The sixth series of QI , the BBC comedy panel game television program hosted by Stephen Fry , contains episodes themed around the letter "f". Series F was the first series to broadcast originally on BBC One, starting on 9 January 2009, with the exception of two episodes: one made for Children in Need, which was broadcast on BBC Two on 14 November 2008, and a Christmas special, transmitted on 22... MORE The sixth series of QI , the BBC comedy panel game television program hosted by Stephen Fry , contains episodes themed around the letter "f". Series F was the first series to broadcast originally on BBC One, starting on 9 January 2009, with the exception of two episodes: one made for Children in Need, which was broadcast on BBC Two on 14 November 2008, and a Christmas special, transmitted on 22 December 2008 on BBC One. The rest of the series began on 9 January 2009 on BBC One, with an extended version of the show shown on BBC Two the following day.

LESS See All Loading Video... SUBSCRIBE: MACAU - FashionTV is at Glam Slam 2011, at City of Dreams, an entertainment resort in Macau. The resort is hosting a 3-day fashion spectacle where 7 designers from Asia showcase their latest collections. Qi Gang is a designer from China who presents his Asia Haute Couture collection--a mix of loud zebra prints, bold shoulders, and big bellbottoms with sparkles, thick fabrics, and fringed glam. Glorious gowns and serious beading do the trick. Appearance: Qi Gang SHOP CHANNEL FACEBOOK TWITTER FashionTV's YouTube network features coverage of fashion shows, fashion week, runway highlights, front row celebs, backstage, hair and makeup, models, designers, photo shoots, red carpets at the biggest events in Hollywood, and much more. The total source for worldwide fashion coverage, FashionTV has new uploads EVERY DAY - See it on YouTube first.... Show More SUBSCRIBE: MACAU - FashionTV is at Glam Slam 2011, at City of Dreams, an entertainment resort in Macau. The resort is hosting a 3-day fashion spectacle where 7 designers from Asia showcase their latest collections.

Qi Gang is a designer from China who presents his Asia Haute Couture collection--a mix of loud zebra prints, bold shoulders, and big bellbottoms with sparkles, thick fabrics, and fringed glam. Glorious gowns and serious beading do the trick. Appearance: Qi Gang SHOP CHANNEL FACEBOOK TWITTER FashionTV's YouTube network features coverage of fashion shows, fashion week, runway highlights, front row celebs, backstage, hair and makeup, models, designers, photo shoots, red carpets at the biggest events in Hollywood, and much more. The total source for worldwide fashion coverage, FashionTV has new uploads EVERY DAY - See it on YouTube first. FashionTV "Qi Gang" Glorious Gowns Runway Show "Glam Slam" "City of Dreams" Macau Models Asia "Haute Couture" Qi Gang Glam Slam City Dreams Collection fashiontvASIA "Fashion Videos" "Fashion Show" FTV "Fashion TV" Fashion-TV "FTV Models" Fashion TV FTV.COM Show Less QI - BBC2 Panel Show - British Comedy Guide John Lloyd and Piers Fletcher QI is a panel game which believes that everything in the world is quite interesting, provided that you look at it in the right way.

To quote original host Stephen Fry : "Now, the rules are simple. Scoring is my business. Points are given and points are taken away. They are taken away for answers which are both obvious and wrong, and they're given, not so much for being correct, as for being interesting. Their level of interestingness is impartially determined by a demographically selected customer-service focus consultancy, broken down by age and sex - i.e. me. Because there is no-one more broken down by age and sex." Each show features the host, Stephen Fry (Series A-M) and then later Sandi Toksvig (Series N onwards), and four panellists, including resident player Alan Davies , answering questions that are so difficult that no-one expects to get any of the answers right. Thus points are given for answers that may not be right but are interesting. Points are taken away (often from Alan), to answers that are not only wrong but are pathetically obvious. QI is the show that proves that almost everything you know about the blue whale is wrong, the issue of how many moons the Earth has is a lot more complicated than you expect, and that there is something interesting to say about the Acropolis, where the Parthenon is.

QI: Quite Interesting facts about eyes - Telegraph QI QI: Quite Interesting facts about eyes A quietly intriguing column from the brains behind the BBC quiz show. This week: QI looks into your eyes. QI on eyes Photo: ALAMY By Molly Oldfield and John Mitchinson 12:00PM BST 07 May 2010 What is a man's eye, but a machine for the little creature that sits behind his brain to look through? Samuel Butler First look Eyes began to develop 550 million years ago. The simplest eyes were patches of photoreceptor protein in single-celled animals. The patches have subsequently been named eyespots and from these the 10 different forms of eye we have today evolved. Creatures such as snails and flatworms still have eyes that can only detect light and its direction. Others, such as the vent shrimp, which lives near boiling hydrothermal vents on the sea floor, have simplified compound eyes that can see infrared light, enabling them to avoid lethally hot water. No focus, no brain Box jellyfish have eyes with lenses, corneas and retinas similar to our own. Despite this, their eyes are permanently out of focus.

This is because they don't have a brain, just a ring of nerves around their mouth. Without central processing power, the blurry vision tells it all it needs to know: "How big is it? Can I eat it? Will it eat me?" Related Articles 19 Feb 2010 Colour Eye colour is determined by the amount of melanin in the outermost part of the iris. Melanin is the main pigment found in the human body, responsible for hair colour and skin colour. A high concentration of melanin will create brown eyes. Lower concentrations will create green and blue eyes, because the next layer of the iris is made of collagen, which is blue. All people with blue eyes have a single common ancestor who lived approximately 10,000 years ago. Pupils The size of the pupil controls the amount of light that goes into the eye. The word pupil is from the Latin pupillus/pupilla meaning a little child or doll, after the tiny reflection of yourself you see when you look into someone's eye. Cuttlefish are the only animals in the world with w-shaped pupils. Goats have rectangular pupils.

Retina In most eyes light enters and projects onto a retina, which converts the light into neural signals, which are sent to the brain by the optic nerve. In the late 19th century, it was thought that the last image seen by the eyes of a dying person would be fixed on the retina and this became a common theme in crime novels of the time. In fact, it is the brain that "sees" the image, turning the inverted retinal image the right way up. In the 1890s, George Stratton, a psychologist at the University of California, wore "upside-down" glasses that reversed the images onto his retina. At first he was disorientated, but after eight days his brain adjusted enough to allow him to walk around. Stratton's work proved that our brains correct our sensual perceptions to create our "normal" view of the world. Crossed eyes Mayans thought that crossed eyes were very attractive and would suspend a wax ball from the hair of newborn infants in order to make them cross-eyed. On encountering their descendants, Cortez was shocked that nearly all the high caste Indians he met in the Yucatan (the old Mayan lands) were cross-eyed.

The French philosopher René Descartes had a fetish for cross-eyed women and it was realising the source of this that allowed him to develop his defence of free will and the body/mind split. He wrote: "I loved a girl of my own age who was slightly cross-eyed… and for a long time afterwards, in seeing cross-eyed women, I felt more inclined to love them than others, because they had that defect; and I did not know that was the reason. Since I have recognised it as a defect, I have no longer been so moved." Eye of shrimp Human eyes are not the most highly evolved. The eyes of the mantis shrimp have four times as many colour receptors as humans, some of which can see ultraviolet.

QI is broadcast on BBC One on Fridays at 9.30pm and an extended version is repeated on BBC Two on Saturdays at 10.20pm The QI Book of the Dead by John Lloyd and John Mitchinson (£16.99) and The QI Annual 2010 (£12.99) are published by Faber & Faber Qi Wireless Charging Standard | Inductive Technology | Tutorial Qi Wireless Charging Standard - details and specifics about the Qi Wireless Charging Standard developed and promoted by the Wireless Power Consortium.. In this section A4WP signalling protocol Qi, pronounced chee, has become the accepted standard for wireless charging. In order to provide interoperability, a key requirement for wireless charging, it was necessary to develop a standard that could be adopted by the major manufacturers. In this way the Qi charging standard enables one charger to be used for devices from many different manufactures and in this way become an accepted approach. If different chargers were required, this would require many different chargers for different devices and lead to confusion in the marketplace. Accordingly the Qi wireless charging standard has become the accepted solution.

The name Qi comes from Asian philosophy where it means "vital energy" which relates to wireless charging which can be seen as an intangible flow of power. Wireless Power Consortium In order to be able to provide a standard for wireless battery charging technology, an industry group called the Wireless Power Consortium was set up. The Wireless Power Consortium held its first meeting in Hong Kong in December 2008. Since its inception its membership has grown from the eight initial companies to over 100. In August 2009, the Wireless Power Consortium published the Qi low power specification, and then just a month later the first product was certified. Under the auspices of the Wireless Power Consortium, the importance of wireless power has grown, with more companies taking the technology seriously. The first products using wireless power for their battery charging required the addition of an additional sleeve. However the first product with integrated Qi receivers for wireless battery charging were announced in March 2011. Qi wireless charging standard basics. The Qi standard has been developed by the Wireless Power Consortium and is applicable for electrical power transfer over distances of up to 40 millimetres (1.6 inches).

The Qi wireless charging standard uses a power transmission pad that is akin to the charger that would be used in a normal wired system, and a compatible wireless power receiver that is located in the device to be charged. The power transfer then takes place using magnetic induction. The way in which the wireless power charging is achieved conforms to the standard and allows a single Qi wireless charger from any supplier to be used to charge any Qi compatible device. As most wireless charging systems now conform to this standard, it means that only one charger pad is required to charge all devices. There are two categories for Qi wireless chargers: Low power: The low power category covers chargers that can deliver power in the range 0 - 5 watts. This will cover most of the domestic portable devices like mobile phones, music players, Bluetooth earpieces, etc.. Medium power: Chargers in the medium power category can deliver power up to 120 watts. Within any Qi wireless charging system, there are two main elements: Base Stations: The Qi base station is the device that provides inductive power for the wireless transmission. As such it contains a power transmitter of which a major element is the transmitting coil. The overall Qi charger typically has a flat surface.

This is normally referred to as the Interface Surface. The mobile device or devices may be placed on top of this surface. Mobile Devices: The Qi mobile devices are those which consume the wirelessly transmitted power. This is typically used to charge the battery contained within the mobile device. To keep the efficiency as high as possible, it is necessary to ensure that he coupling between the transmit and receive coils is as high as possible. To achieve this the mobile device must be placed in the position where this can be achieved. The Qi standard defines two ways of achieving this: Guided positioning: This form of placement on a Qi charger involves the use of means to guide the user to place the mobile in the correct place on the Qi base station for charging. Placement anywhere: The second form of Qi charger placement does not require the user to accurately place the mobile device on a particular area of the charging surface. Instead a wider area is usable. This can be achieved by using more than one transmitter coil. The frequency used for Qi chargers is located between about 110 and 205 kHz for the low power Qi chargers up to 5 watts and 80-300 kHz for the medium power Qi chargers.

Qi data protocol The Qi wireless power standard includes the capability for the base station and mobile device using a limited data transmission system. This enables the charge and base station to communicate to provide information about state of charge and the like. In this way, the mobile device can inform the base station when it is charged, etc.. In this way the base station can adapt its output to meet the needs of the mobile device and removing power transmission the mobile device is fully charged. In operation, initial detection occurs as a result of the deection of a change in capacitance or resonance of the transmitter coil. Once an object has been detected the base station validates the device placed on it for Qi charging compatibility. The base station sends an 8 bit data string. The receiving mobile device has to respond and provide the signal strength. The base station then sends multiple digital pings to provide information about the optimum positioning of the mobile device. Only when the device has been validated and the information been passed will charging commence. During the Qi charging process, the mobile device sends control data packets to adjust the power level and finally terminate charging. The Qi charger data communication protocol is defined to ensure that all devices can communicate properly.

Qi Standard Data Format • Checksum (1 Byte) Qi foreign object detection One of the issues that could arise with a wireless charging system is that a foreign metallic object is placed on or near the Qi charger. When this occurs, the charger can induce currents to flow in the object, dependent upon its placement and the magnetic coupling, and as a result the object can become exceedingly hot. This could present a danger, especially in a domestic environment. To prevent this occurring, the base station or charger is able to sense the presence of these objects and cut the charging action to ensure that only proper Qi mobile devices are coupled to the magnetic induction field and receive energy. Qi specification versions In order to meet the latest requirements, the Qi standard has been updated to cover new areas and to improve on others. The table below gives a summary of some of the highlights of the various Qi standard versions. Qi Standard Versions Series 7, Episode 6 - QI Transcripts dot com Series 7, Episode 6 Transcript by: Bashing random keys. Notes: This transcript has not been edited for style or content, but I'm sure it's jolly good. All text in rose font is from the extended version, QI XL. TRANSCRIPT Stephen Hey!

Hello hello hello hello and welcome to QI, the "show-off" show that sits at the front of the class shouting "Me Sir! Me me me, Sir! Me!" while other quiz shows are snogging behind the bike sheds. Tonight we're celebrating Genius with four of the most brilliant minds in the country. The Einstein of entertainment, David Mitchell… the Da Vinci of drollery, Dara O'Briain… the Galileo of gags, Graham Norton… and the Morecambe of Wise, Alan Davies. But before our SWAT team of swots don their white coats and clever clogs, we should hear their buzzers.

And Dara goes: Dara [wearing ‘nerdy' spectacles] [presses buzzer, which plays a University Challenge-style intro, a ringing bell followed by the announcement "University College Dublin, O'Briain"] Stephen David goes: David [wearing ‘nerdy' spectacles] [presses buzzer, which plays a University Challenge-style intro, a ringing bell and the announcement "Peterhouse, Cambridge, Mitchell"] Stephen Graham goes: Graham [wearing ‘nerdy' spectacles] [presses buzzer, which plays a University Challenge-style intro, a ringing bell and announcement: "University College Cork, Norton"] Stephen Alan [wearing ‘coke bottle' spectacles] [presses buzzer, which plays a Blockbusters-style phrase "Can I have a P please, Bob?"] Stephen Aww. That's… that's actually completely unfair because Alan is in fact a graduate of the University of Kent and he actually holds a honorary doctorate, so Alan, could you press your buzzer again? We put it right.

Alan [presses buzzer, which plays a Scottish voice yelling "The Doctor will see you now!"] Stephen Now we have a very difficult first question so I'm going to give you a bit of help. What I'd like you to do… you should have a bit of tissue somewhere near you. Alan I want you to stick a piece of tissue up your left nostril. Alan Right. Stephen As if you had a nosebleed or something. This is weird, okay? Left nostril… very good… [The panellists proceed to twist a piece of tissue and insert it in their left nostrils] Stephen You've passed that test. Well, two of you have. Alan I'm going for real penetration. [points to his crown] I can feel that there. Stephen If it came out your ear, that would be a worry. Alright, now say something intelligent. [The panellists pause] Er … er, 'A' squared equals 'B' squared plus 'C' squared. Stephen Oi. David I've always suspected that one works better than the other but I've never kept a note of which it is.

Stephen Well you won't be surprised to hear that some people do keep notes of how deep you breathe… Dara Does it not alternate? Stephen Ah, you're right, Dara O'Briain, it does alternate. It has a periodicity of four hours. You swop from being mostly left to mostly right. And what's completely weird is that you answer questions on different types of subject better according to which side you're breathing through. Alan Am I going to asphyxiate by half past twelve? Stephen You might, that's a very good point. You are allowed to breathe through your mouth if you want to. David So should we be keeping notes of when our… when, you know, of what shift work our nostrils are on? So the left will be in charge from one till four, that's when I should be doing, sort of, maths-based things like my tax return. If I'm going to write a poem, I'll wait till the more creative right nostril comes in at 4pm. Stephen Well, actually if you're breathing through your right nostril, you should be better at visual and spatial tasks, if you're breathing through… Graham What, like now?

Stephen Yes, that's it… you should be good at visual and spatial things, and if you block the right one, you should be better at verbal things. I know it sounds mad but you've probably heard of the study in '89 called Unilateral Nostril Breathing Influences Lateralised Augmented Performance by Block, Arnott, Quigley and Lynch… Graham [resigned expression] Why don't all sports people constantly block their left nostrils? Stephen Well, actually, you've probably seen with a lot of sportsmen, they actually… they put a piece of Elastoplast… Graham Oh that thing, yes. Stephen …plaster, the anti-snoring little thing, they do that [places his fingers on the sinuses, below the eyes, and sniffs] to wind… so they're both open at the same time, so they get maximum air… Graham And after that, they snort drugs as well. Stephen They don't! David When we watch a sports person with one of those things on, they're not only at their best at sport, they're also at their most verbally dextrous. Stephen Indeed, and visually and spatially because they've got both wide open.

David Otherwise they can't even go, "Mine!" Alan [removes his tissue and peers at the end] Stephen [to Alan] No… what have you got? What have you found? Alan [pointing to his tissue] I think I lost the end. Stephen Left? Stephen Keep them left, okay? Yeah, because it seems the quickest way to improve your verbal reasoning is to shove a tissue up your left nostril, so let's see how these tissues work. Consider, right, an n -dimensional hypercube, and connect each pair of vertices to obtain a complete graph of two to the power n vertices… Graham Each? Stephen Yeah. Then colour each of the edges of this graph using only the colours red and black. What – that's my question – what is the smallest number, the smallest value of n, for which every possible such colouring must necessarily contain a single-coloured complete sub-graph with four vertices which lie in a plane? Graham [immediately] Sorry to hear that your old graph theory knowledge has left. David It's so typical, isn't it, when you've got a busy showbiz lifestyle like yours, to keep up with the graph theory.

Probably only eight or nine hours a day you're devoting to it now. Stephen Well, I have to say, I've got Graham 's number. Graham Stephen [to Alan and David] Have you got Graham 's number? Alan Er, no. It's not that sort of relationship. Stephen You've not got that sort of relationship? There is such a thing – which is relevant to this – as Graham 's number. But it's bigger than six. Alan Of course it is. Stephen It is so… It is really big. Try and think of a really, really big number… Alan Seventeen. Stephen It's… do you know what? It's even bigger than that. This number, alright - now get hold of this idea – this number is so big that all the material in the universe, right, couldn't make enough ink to write it out. It's called Graham 's number, named after a fellow called Ronald Graham, and weirdly enough scientists know that it ends in a seven. Which is really strange. Graham Why would it end in a seven? Could you just turn it into an eight, then it's a bigger number?

Stephen It doesn't say it's the biggest number ever, it's just… this is Graham 's number which is huge. You could have an other Graham 's number, you could have Norton 's number… Graham Yeah, Graham Norton 's now made it an eight at the end. Stephen Erm … you can remove your tissues, incidentally, now… David I think I'll miss it now. Stephen I'm worried about what might come out when I pull it. Stephen Now, the fact is, this problem - it's a graph problem, it seems, to imagine a cube with lots of different dimensions – where each corner of the shape is connected with red or black lines to every other… what is the fewest number of dimensions so that you must end up with at least one single coloured square with the same colour diagonals? Until 2003 they thought it was six, now it's been shown there must be at least eleven. The answer may now be twelve but it's somewhere between eleven and Graham 's number, that enormous number. Which is… quite a lot of room for error… Graham That's not really an answer, is it?

Stephen The greatest mathematical minds in the world just don't know what the answer is, it seems. David I don't understand the question. Stephen Neither do I. Neither do I… Dara I think they don't either, to be honest. And they're really hoping nobody checks. Stephen What they do know it that it ends in a seven. Now what music can you play to your children to make them brainier? Dara I'm not going to be lured into saying any of the major classical composers because that's what's sold to the parents of small children, that if you play them Mozart or Beethoven or Bach or something, you will make them smarter. Stephen Of course, you're absolutely right. We obviously hoped… because we had a little forfeit lurking behind the screen that said Mozart. Because people seem to have it in their heads that they read somewhere once, in some newspaper, that apparently… Viewscreens: Thaddeus Helbling 's portrait of a young Mozart. Stephen Spoilt little brat!

Dara He was on the tour… he was touring Europe at that age… he was dragging his arse, he was doing the clubs basically, albeit the clubs were where the crowned heads of Europe … Stephen The Bourbon Club and the Hohenzollern Club. Yes, the fact is, there is no evidence at all for the idea that playing Mozart to a baby makes him… Alan I thought you were supposed to play natural sounds because the noises of contemporary life are extremely destructive and create behavioural difficulties. That's why you mustn't have a television on until they're four or something like that. Stephen I haven't heard that particular one. Dara That's not how parenting works, my friend. You have the television… You train them to like the television as quickly as they possibly can. Alan There was no ADHD until TV was invented. They kind of coincide. Dara They're happy with HD my friend. Graham But is there music that makes them cleverer? Stephen Well no, you see, there was some study which has since been debunked by many other studies, which claimed that the I.Q. went up. But it was only done to students, not to children.

Dara You can't test any of these things on children because you'd have to have a control group, as such, which would have to have a baby that you're not playing Mozart to in the hope that the child is stupider. Er, and that's a tough sell to parents, say "We'd like to test your child by denying him any intellectual stimulation and hoping that he turns out dumb". Graham Well not if you said you'd look after it 24 hours a day for the next six months to test this. People would be quite happy to hand them over then. Alan Do you know about the English Mozarts, do they mean anything to you? Alan McFly. Very, very popular. Stephen High quality… high quality. No, there were two chaps around, one was Thomas Linley, he beat Mozart by playing a concerto at an earlier age even than Mozart did. At fourteen, both boys played together, they looked to be future stars but unfortunately Linley fell into a lake while boating, was drowned at age 22. Alan Was pushed in by Mozart. Graham Is there… were there no recordings?

It's all very impressive to say he played a concerto aged whatever, imagine he was rubbish. Know what I mean? And he was like [pretends to play piano extremely badly, bashing down on the keys]. Stephen No, he travelled and they were the sensation of the age. The other one was Samuel Wesley but most of his genius was suppressed when he banged his head and suffered from mild brain damage for the rest of his life. Alan Tripped by Mozart. Stephen Yeah, I was going to say, there seems to be a pattern emerging. So there's no evidence that in fact playing Mozart to children makes them more intelligent. If you can't dumb the kids up, how about dumbing them down? Why are exams so much easier for youngsters these days? Dara [presses buzzer, which announces "University College Dublin, O'Briain"] Stephen Yes, Dara? Dara [acknowledges his buzzer] Thank you very much. Er, of course, are they actually easier these days or are they marked more generously these days?

It is just one of these things… I'm sorry, this may be a national thing that you do, but you've a tendency to presume that you have a very stupid generation of kids in this country. Then you set them a series of exams, they all get A's and you go "Well, proof". Stephen That proves they're stupid, yes. Dara It is a horrendous Catch-22 if you're a seventeen-year old. David My problem with exams, though, is that more and more people get A's, so whether or not that's because they're getting more intelligent or because the exams are getting easier, or a bit of both… it's still, it's defying the point of the exam. The point of the exam is to tell people apart, not just to go "You're all great academically, everyone can be Professor of Latin, share the Professor of Latin's salary between you… and starve." Stephen You're right, it should be done by a percentile, that's the point… David Which was how it used to be done. Stephen And that's the point of our I.Q. tests. And what's interesting about the I.Q.

test is each year it gets better by point three of a percent. So three percent every ten years. Children get smarter so they have to normalise…. If you go back to your great-great-grandparents, they would be - under the Mental Health Act of 1983 – retarded, actually, because they would have an I.Q. of 70. Alan My great-grandfather signed his marriage certificate with a cross. Stephen I don't think it was. Graham Perhaps he should have used a pen. I think that mensa is at the root of all this, surely. Stephen They say, without irony, mensa, on their website, is latin for ‘table' - mensa is, but that's not why it's called mensa – it was originally called mens which is latin for ‘mind' but they realised their magazine looked like some special-interest gay porn, so they added an ‘A”. Graham Already, I'm not being filled with confidence that this is being run by geniuses. Stephen It represents the ‘round table equality of mensa, everyone's equal, there's no elitism'. But mensa – erm… David I'd like to set up a society for people who have an I.Q.

of under 70 and then go and try and sell them pyramid schemes. Stephen The only thing you might say is quite sober and interesting about this thing, it's called The Flynn Effect, the fact that people are getting better and better at it is, under American law, if you have an I.Q. of 70 or less, you cannot be executed for a capital crime. You are considered retarded and therefore Flynn has often had to go… You know, people might have an I.Q. of 72 – which means they're going to die – and he would say "Ah, but yeah, this was taken when he was a child, and actually, revising upwards to the norm, he's actually 68" or something. So he is technically retarded, and he can save lives by doing that. It's a very weird… Alan Quite easy to throw an I.Q. test, I would've thought. Stephen Yeah but they're taken as children, that's the point. Dara They're not smart enough to throw an I.Q. test. I'm starting to realise that.

Graham Also, that is really planning a murder… you're seven, going "I'll put a circle… here…" and "In fifteen years… you're dead!" David Kind of the reverse of the, sort of, eugenicist argument the Americans are using where they're letting the stupid live, though. Stephen But anyway, young people find I.Q. tests easier than their parents because, apparently, they're exposed to more problem-solving in their life. Maybe geniuses are born, not made, and if so, how would you create a genius? Is there a way of ensuring a genius? Alan People husbandry, isn't it? Stephen Yes, and, as Alan said, Nazism… Nazism is the thing, of course, is the thing that… There were people of quite respectable antecedents and liberal points of view, before Nazism, who believed that eugenics may be a good idea. David Lots of people. Lots and lots of… Stephen Yeah, Bernard Shaw and many others.

Graham But sometimes… I did a, er, game show in America a while ago, and there was a contestant on it, this woman, and, er, her sort of "interesting fact", her "fun fact" about herself was that her father had been a serial killer. Right? And, er, and her other "fun fact" was she hadn't told her husband that her father was a serial killer until after they were married. So… you know, it's a light-hearted thing but I'm trying to say to her, "Now… do you think maybe your husband would have been concerned about having children given that there's, you know, a serial killer in you somewhere." And, er, she went, er, "No, no no, he's been through similar things, his father committed suicide." And you just thought, "You've got a serial killer and a suicidal man and you thought that was a good gene pool to be splashing around in." Stephen "You'll give birth to a child who kills himself lots of times". A serial suicide, it's terrifying. Dara [to Graham] When you say "After she'd married him", how long? Was it before the speeches?

Did she go, "Dad's about to say a few words, this might be worth catching."? Graham This may explain why he went with orange. Stephen The only one with plastic cutlery. Dara [mimes a man bound and gagged to a wheelchair] "Why are they wheeling your dad about?" David It depends what you do, then, if you'd had a "come as a serial killer"-themed wedding. Stephen Look, can we just now… just go back to the past, and on the subject of creating geniuses, who was one of the great geniuses…? Dara Well, Da Vinci. Stephen Da Vinci … is exactly who I was after. He was known to be a genius in his own time, I mean, they knew how astoundingly great he was. His brother, Bartolomeo, actually… Alan Yeah. Stephen … this Bartolomeo married and he decided he wanted their child to be like his brother, Leonardo. And oddly enough, it sort of worked… Viewscreens: François-Guillaume Ménageot's portrait of Da Vinci.

Stephen … there's Leonardo dying and it shows he was kind of worshipped, almost, they realised how great he was. Alan What's Rodney Bewes doing in the background? It's def. ol' Rodney Bewes. Stephen He does look like Rodney Bewes. Dara Rodney Bewes is The Highlander, is he? David Would it be an unsettling thing to discover, that would be, in the context of the credit crunch and everything, suddenly to discover that Rodney Bewes was immortal. I mean, can you imagine… on the news, going, "And today it emerged that actor Rodney Bewes has been alive for as long as time". Graham So what is… given the things you're talking about, or I'm pretending to know what you're talking about, I actually don't know who Rodney Bewes is. Stephen Oh. Do you remember The Likely Lads and Whatever Happened To The Likely Lads? Graham [to Dara] We didn't get that in Ireland, did we?

Dara I know who he is… Stephen … and Rodney Bewes, they played a couple of… Alan [pointing to the figure taking Da Vinci 's pulse] That's basically him, there, holding Leonardo Da Vinci 's hand. Graham So the chances of meeting him in the future are very high. Stephen [to Graham] I have to say, the whole point about QI, right, is that the rest of the world talks about cultural things, reality TV and… Alan Rodney Bewes. Stephen … pop stars and Rodney Bewes. We talk about Leonardo. And what you've done by coming on is we've started.. [checks himself, swivels and points to Alan] No, you actually… we started talking about Leonardo and we've arrived at Rodney Bewes. It's entirely the wrong direction… Alan The boy at the back, you're right. David To me, Rodney Bewes looks older there than Rodney Bewes in our present time. So I think Rodney Bewes must, in the future, travel back in time to check Leonardo Da Vinci 's pulse. To be sure he's dead. Using the futuristic technology of pulse-checking.

The others there are all going "What's this weirdo Rodney Bewes doing?" The one on the right has got his head in his hands, "So embarrassing". Graham Why 's he holding his hand? David Yes, Leonard was such a genius, he predicted The Likely Lads. Alan He's got to, because look, it isn't James Bolam, it's Rodney Bewes' turn. That's why he's going "Oh no, it's Bewes". Stephen I think the one on the right has definitely got his hand on his head for that reason. Alan Yeah, they ordered John Cleese and Connie Booth. David The one on the left is gesturing toward Rodney Bewes as if to say, " Leonardo, who's this dick? He's got your hand." Graham [as Da Vinci] "Seriously? Rodney Bewes? We want Rodney Bewes here?" Alan [pointing at viewscreens] That's Matthew Kelly, anyway, the one over… Stephen Oh no! Oh don't let it be Matthew Kelly. Oh Lord. I've now got a horrible feeling that Brian Blessed on the end has had his head sawn off and his brain taken out.

[in garbled Brian Blessed voice] "That is no longer Brian Blessed this is no longer of any use." [normal voice] I don't know how that can be. Anyway, I wanted to discuss the fact that, unbeknownst to him, when Leonardo died, he had a nephew called Pierino who was brought up to be a genius, and actually kind of was. He was sent to Florence and he demonstrated great talent but sadly he died at only age 22, leaving twenty works behind him. Alan Pushed out of a window by Michaelangelo. Stephen What, having stolen Rodney Bewes ' time-travelling technology? Stephen Yes, exactly. It all makes sense. Sort of. Yeah. What can you tell me that's quite interesting, while we're on the subject of Leonardo, aside from the fact that Rodney Bewes was his doctor – I honestly didn't know – what can you tell me about the last supper? Viewscreens: Da Vinci 's "Last Supper".

David [presses buzzer, which sounds a ringing bell and announces "Peterhouse, Mitchell"] Did he sort of paint… er, he… Is it true that the reason it's peeling so badly is he didn't listen to the people who were experts in that kind of painting, the way you're supposed to prepare the wall, he just said "No, I'm a genius, I know best." and, sort of, just slapped it on randomly. So, as a result, it's decaying a lot worse than other, sort of, frescoes like that. Stephen In his own lifetime it started to fall apart. Yes, he painted it directly on to dry plaster instead of on wet plaster – which is what a fresco is – and then, sadly, in Napoleon's time, it was used as a… Alan Did he paint people in that he knew? Stephen I'm not sure in his case. It was obviously a thing that used to be done in Renaissance art. This is… I think they're all fussing about… "I had the pita bread but I didn't have any wine so I don't see why I should pay as much as Peter.

And Simon … Luke had that, I'm not paying for that." Dara It's basically… because it is, just, a room of people being repelled by Jesus. Stephen And what Jesus is saying is, "This is the last bloody supper I'm ever going to". Although… obviously, Leonardo was a fine artist, he didn't actually make any real contribution to science at all, did he? Or did he? Graham Flying machine? Or is that a forfeit? Stephen No, not a forfeit, it just wouldn't have worked, his… his helicopter. David Yes, it's a drawing of a helicopter, isn't it? I mean, I did, sort of, drawings of space ships when I was about five and I'd be embarrassed if someone said I'd invented interstellar travel. Graham If he just did some paintings, what's the fuss? Stephen Well because his curiosity was so wide ranging, in machines of war and in anatomy and so on. But partly the trouble, the reason he didn't contribute to science is – he did actually make a few discoveries – is that he wrote a "mirror-writing" diary, which was also in code.

It wasn't really looked at or interpreted until the nineteenth century, by which time everything he discovered which might have been new fifty, a hundred years earlier, had already been independently discovered. So in that sense he didn't really contribute. But he's considered the prototypical genius, as you say, archetypal Renaissance man. Graham Submarine? Did he come up with a submarine? Stephen He might've done a drawing about submarines, I'm not sure. Graham or is it the same drawing that he did? David He just did a wavy line and coloured it in blue and then went like [pretends to label a diagram] "kitchen". Graham With a fish looking in. David "Probably no room for a tennis court" – practically thinking. Stephen Anyway, if everyone could roll their tongues for me… very good… close-up on Graham … Viewscreens: Picture of a QI family. Stephen [seeing viewscreens] …what the hell? Dara I think it's supposed to be an illustration of a child of two genes may not necessarily be a genius. Stephen I don't know if it says that. Yes, rolling tongues… where does that gift come from? If it is a gift.

Where does that ability… I literally can not do it. Graham … and then you're peeing and it stinks… Stephen They used to call it… Graham … other diners are pointing at you… Alan You should be doing that in the toilet… Graham Yeah, it stinks and he's doing it in here. Stephen They used to call it housemaid's despair because the next morning, if someone had had asparagus, the housemaid would take down the chamber-pot… [pretends to hold a chamber-pot at arm's length, nose wrinkled] "Argh!" Dara I just want to say I find… maybe I'm wrong… maybe, this… I find the smell of urine quite distasteful anyway. Stephen Yeah, but this you'd know, believe me. Graham If you've got stinky pee you need to see someone. Dara I've been alone because I've just been into a toilet. Dara Yeah, okay, I didn't say that I was, you know, flavouring stuff… Graham He decanted it… if he decanted it, that would be different. Stephen When I was a child, Sugar Puffs made it smell like Sugar Puffs. To me.

Anybody else? Oh good, a few. So nice not to be alone, isn't it? Alan I had asparagus in the past and it didn't make my wee smell and it's only in recent years that it has. Stephen That is interesting isn't it, and we know there was interest there. And an interesting audience and they've all got exactly the right little bodies, they do the right things. Graham What people? She's still fuming. David I think people are a lot more interested in their wee than they'll admit. Stephen That's certainly true. Dara People are interested in what comes out of them. I think, the general rule. Not, you know, in, kind of, an icky way, there is an element of [pretends to dig in his ear and then look at his fingertip] that. David I just wanted to make the point that you ask someone about their interests, they'll say, you know, walking, cinema, books… they won't say, "Well, primarily the smell of my own farts but, you know, they don't come all the time so I while away the rest of my time with cinema, books and long walks.

If I could just fart all day and smell it, I would be a fascinated man". Stephen You are so right. I think most psychologists would agree with you. You wouldn't say it is true but it's an unspoken truth. David Ask anyone on earth, when they've just farted and smelt it, who is bored. Alan You know what that means? When you see someone reading [demonstrates with a book] and they're reading a book and they're reading a book, and if they go like that [looks up] they're not thinking about the book, they've just let one go. Stephen It is true. It's odd, we laugh at it and yet it is our obsession from the cradle onwards, virtually. Anyway, despite what we're taught, a lot of these things like tongue rolling don't come from our parents, it doesn't follow you can if your parents can. Which was the first animal to be cloned? Graham Oh well it can't be, so it's… Alan Oh, er, well, um… it's not Dolly the sheep then? Stephen No, you're right, it isn't Dolly. You've all been so good at avoiding my little honey traps.

No, er… Alan I thought it was Dolly the sheep. It's not. Stephen Not the first animal, no. We have to go back to the 1880's for the first cloning. Graham It is very fiddly work, you've got to say, yeah. David There must have been lots of times when he used to go [loses it] "Ah God…damn!" [calms down] "Now, now, calm down… Could I please have another babies' hair?" Alan Back to the baby. [pretends to be a baby as he plucks a hair from his head] Aaargh! David Now all the people trying to… Alan "One doodie, madam". David Imagine trying to keep him calm. "Would you like another…?" "NO I DON'T want another coffee". Graham Go … go: "Do you want me to have a go?" "Oh no…" Stephen You're right. But Dolly… Dolly was in 1996, Dolly the sheep was the one you cleverly avoided, but why Dolly? Why called "Dolly", do you know?

Dara It was named after Dolly Parton because the cell came from the mammary glands. Stephen Correctly correctington, well done sir, excellent. Points. David Do you think there was a point where they go, "We can just get another sheep and say 'There it is, it's genetically identical, that one'… yeah. There's two sheep… look similar… yeah, that's because they're genetically identical." Stephen Well oddly enough things can be genetically identical and rather surprising because the first cat to be cloned was called Rainbow and her clone was known as "CC". Viewscreens: Picture of Rainbow and her clone. Stephen And there… you see, now how can that happen? Dara Ah well they didn't… they just didn't put the effort in. They went through all the pet shops for that little, er… for that little fake. They could've… they could've at least sent the guy who they sent to get the kitten with a… a photo of their cat. Not just "Get any cat". Stephen Yes. The little kitten is called "CC". Points if you can guess what that stands for? Alan Wittier. Or, sort of wittier. Man in Audience Copy Cat.

Stephen Points to the audience. Copy Cat, you see? Very good. Yeah. The operation was known as Operation Copy Cat obviously, it was part of a larger project to clone a dog which was called Missy. Missyplicity, named after a dog named Missy. And the world's first cloned dog, from Korea, was called Snappy. Alan And they ate it. Stephen Aw, come… [laughs] Anyway, the point is the first animal to be cloned was the sea urchin, way back in 1885. Since then, many animals have of course been given the treatment including the first cloned cats, who looked nothing like each other. Now it doesn't take a genius to know it's time to look for some general ignorance, so fingers on buzzers if you would. How old are you? [The panellists pause] [presses buzzer, which sounds a ringing bell] Stephen How old do I look? Alan [presses buzzer, which sounds a ringing bell and announces "Alan Davies"] How old do I feel? Stephen Ah! David Just shows you the effect of this game, though. Ask a question, all four of us think "That is something I definitely know the answer to...

but I've been made so uncertain, I'm not even willing to give my own age, name or address." Dara How can this be a trap? How can this possibly be a trap? I am thirty seven! [presses buzzer, which sounds a ringing bell] Thirty seven! [the buzzer continues with the announcement, "Dara O'Briain"] There you go, no points lost. Forfeit : Klaxons sound. Viewscreens flash the words "DARA -37". Stephen Forfeit : Klaxons sound. Viewscreens flash the words "DAVID -34". Stephen Oh dear boy. [to Graham] You don't want to do this, do you? Graham [presses buzzer, which sounds a ringing bell and announces "Graham Norton"] Forty six. Forfeit : Klaxons sound. Viewscreens flash the words "GRAHAM -46". Stephen [looks at Alan expectantly] Alan I'm not doing it. Stephen Well, obviously, as the baby that was called Graham or Dara or David or Alan was, you know, arrived on the planet a number of years ago, that you said. But that's not how old you are.

If I touch you, if I touch your arm… how old is that arm? Is that as old as that? Dara It's like six weeks old or something like that? David Five years we replace our entire… ourselves? Stephen Different bits of one, that's right. There are different bits of one that take… some of them… Dara Your cells regenerate. Stephen Your red blood cells last only 120 days. A liver has a turnaround time of 300 to 500 days. Sort of, one and a half years. Graham Hurry up! Stephen The entire… Give it a chance to recover! The entire human skeleton is replaced every ten years or so. So all your bones. Graham That's good, isn't it? Stephen Yeah, it is. Unfortunately they're replaced in an aged way, rather annoyingly, rather than a brand-new way. David So it's replaced with a second-hand one? Stephen Well not exactly used, no, no, but… David I'm thinking of trading in my eight-year-old Mazda for an eight-and-a-bit-year-old Mazda. Stephen I'm afraid that's how it goes, yeah. It's all rather unfortunate.

An adult's body may turn out, usually, somewhere between seven and ten years old in terms of it's cells, although some of it's cells are much, much younger. 98% of the seven billion billion billion atoms in the human body are replaced yearly. David You know, I think some of my socks are older than I am. Stephen It 's a marvellous thought. David I feel I should defer to them. Stephen Yes. They've been around longer than me. But most of the cells in your body are not your own, not human. David Is this bacteria? Stephen Bacteria, yes. In fact, more than 500 different species of them make up more than ten times the number of human cells. Isn't that interesting? On average, all of the cells in your body are only ten years old or so. Now, how did the Church of England originally react to Darwin 's theory of evolution? Alan Well they weren't happy about it. Stephen They weren't happy about it? Dara [presses buzzer, which sounds a ringing bell and announces "Dublin, O'Briain"] I… they didn't get it, I don't think. Nobody really got it for a while.

He delivered it to a meeting of the Royal Society, I think it was, er, and people just went "Uh, okay". Stephen That's true of his original paper, but when he published The Origin of the Species, it was a massive bestseller, in fact it even sold out before it was printed. And he was a gigantic figure of his time. He was one of only five people not Royal to be given a burial at Westminster Abbey. They absolutely understood his greatness and the surprising thing is the Church were not that worried at all. Specifically, the Church of England. But for many years, most churchmen had encouraged people to believe that a lot of the Bible was metaphorical, it's not literally true. But, if there was anything shocking about it to them, it was that it shows that nature doesn't care. The idea of a lineal evolution they thought was fine, that might have been part of God's plan, but a true understanding of evolution also shows that nature is completely horrific. Dara That was the major part the Victorians hated because they loved their countryside and they loved bird song and… Stephen Mrs. Alexander 's, you know, All Things Bright and Beautiful.

Dara Yes, and instead they're locked in a vicious struggle for survival where all animals… Stephen Where all animals are hungry and afraid and they die before they, you know, get old, and it's a miserable, hard life… Alan Unless they live in zoos where they live quite stress-free. Stephen It is, it's a life they wouldn't expect in the wild. So, the Origin of the Species was widely respected by the churchmen at the time of it's publication. Now, from one controversy to another. What kind of pet did Charles Cruft have? [The panellists pause] Ah come on, I mean… Alan A cat. Stephen Yes ! You see? Very good. He did indeed. He was the sign of a thriving jewellery business in the nineteenth century and he was a fine salesman, and he went into business with a man called Spratt who made 'dog cakes'. Alan I went 'fish cake' … 'dog cake' you know… Stephen Oh I see. I… no, that does make sense now. Yeah, sorry.

Um, but, he sort of founded the business of the large dog show, Charles Cruft, and then it got bigger and they were hugely successful until he died in 1938 and, sort of, the kennel club took over. All kinds of problems that seem to come from in-breeding and the sponsors withdrew, the dog food sponsor – Pedigree – withdrew, the BBC withdrew, RSPCA, the dog charity… all withdrew. So this year Cruft's was broadcast live on the internet for the first time. Dara Cat shows are much more interesting, though, because cat show… cats are shown, obviously, in a similar kind of way, but in that kind of cat independent way where they don't seem to be aware of it or care very much. What they do is, you lift up the cat and essentially… Stephen Fluff it. Dara No, you make it do "Superman" er, and some of the cats in the show just get that cat look of [shrugs]… Stephen No! Dara …you can do it to your own cat at home, it's very good, because they just look [gazes about vacantly] disinterested.

David The other side of Cruft's not being on the television is that it's a real relief that Cruft's isn't on the television, isn't it? Stephen Yes ! David I mean, if I was to define a terrible idea for a programme, it would be pretty much Cruft's. Alan Yes. That's brilliant. Yeah, he's wise enough to spot a double-bluff! David This is the technique of the bully. You hit us and then you go "Do you think I was going to hit you? I'm not going to hit you. This is my hand, I'm going to…. Stroke you". And you go "Waah!" [acts out a person on the edge of nervous collapse as the expected pain becomes a stroking hand] Stephen That's exactly what we do. The fact is, Doctor Michael Gershwin has proved that we all have two brains. Your gut has it's enteric nervous system and it's the only part of the body that can operate perfectly if all connection is cut from the upper brain. From the real brain, the brain we call the brain, as it were.

It doesn't have the intelligence and consciousness that a brain has but it operates separately, so in that sense we do have two brains. David How bright would our stomachs be in the animal kingdom? Would they be cleverer than an octopus? Stephen I doubt it, I think they're just good at one thing and that's preparing poo for exit. They basically… it's not even the stomach, it is the gut, the greater and lesser intestine and the colon, essentially, are the bits with the brain. Like all of us, the man with two brains actually did have two brains, according to the latest thinking the gut does act as a separate brain. So, pens down and stop writing, that's it for our exam today geniuses, time to mark your papers… my goodness, my gracious… the newcomer, minus nineteen, Graham Norton… in third place with minus eight, David Mitchell… in second place with a very respectable minus seven, Dara O'Briain… which can only mean that today's geniuses of geniuses of genius… Alan Davies with four points! Ah.

So that's all from QI, my thanks go to Graham, Dara, David and Alan and I leave you with our genius, Leonardo Da Vinci's favourite joke. It was asked of a painter why, since he made such beautiful figures - which were but dead things - why his children were so ugly. To which the painter replied that he made his pictures by day but his children by night. Good night. Tai Chi and Qi Gong: Better Balance and Other Benefits Flexibility: Yes. The movements help improve flexibility. Aerobic: No. These are moving meditations, not cardio workouts . Strength: Yes. When you do qi gong and tai chi, you're building strength in a subtle way. Your body weight is all you need. It's not about powering through muscular poses, but about engaging your whole body. Sport: No. It is not a sport. Low-Impact: Yes. The gentle movements put minimal stress on the muscles and joints. What Else You Should Know Cost: Yes. The costs are minimal. To learn the movements, it’s best to sign up for a class or follow a DVD. Good for Beginners: Both qi gong and tai chi are excellent practices for beginners. Outdoors: Yes.

Classes can be held indoors or outdoors. At Home: Yes. The moving meditations can be done at home. Equipment: None is required. What Melinda Ratini, MD, Says: Qi gong and tai chi are relaxing ways to improve your flexibility and balance. Both are great ways to stay active and vital. The gentle, flowing movements are easy on the joints. But check with your doctor first if you have any conditions such as diabetes or circulation problems, or if you take any medications that can make you dizzy when you change positions. Most people will also need to do some aerobic exercise, like walking, as well as additional strength building. Check with your doctor to see what type of well-rounded program is right for you. These aren't heart -pumping workouts. But even seasoned athletes have much to gain from a meditative, deliberate approach to movement. Is It Good for Me if I Have a Health Condition? One of the best features of tai chi and qi gong is that they can be adapted to fit just about any fitness level. The gentle flowing low-impact movements are easy on your joints if you have arthritis . You can even do them seated or in a wheelchair if needed.

But if you have medical issues or an injury or have recently had surgery, check with your doctor before increasing your activity. When you are pregnant , you can gain many benefits from meditative movements like tai chi and qi gong. They can increase your flexibility and improve your balance. Both activities are low-impact, so they are not going to put your joints at risk. If you have high blood pressure , some studies have shown that tai chi can help lower your blood pressure . Other research points to a drop in cholesterol levels as well. That helps lower your chances of heart disease . It may even increase your fitness level. Check with your doctor first if you have heart disease or if you take blood pressure medicine. Some blood pressure medicines can make you feel dizzy when you bend over or do certain other moves. Tai chi and qi gong can also be great ways to gently get you back into moving around if you have diabetes and have been inactive. Depending on your fitness level, your doctor will likely also suggest some cardio and more moderate activity to help manage your diabetes. WebMD Fitness A-Z Reviewed by Melinda Ratini, DO, MS on April 13, 2016 Sources

Question: What is the title of the extended version of 'QI'?
Answer: 'QIXL'