Hieroglyphs photos on Flickr | Flickr 4 1099 - 1st Crusaders capture, plunder Jerusalem 1205 - Pope Innocent III states Jews are doomed to perpetual servitude and subjugation due to crucifixion of Jesus 1207 - John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton. 1240 - A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva. 1307 - Duke Henrik van Karinthi chosen king of Bohemia 1381 - John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of Richard II of England.

1410 - Battle of Tannenburg-Teutonic Knights vs King Ladislas II of Poland 1500 - Duke Albrecht of Saxon beats Friese rebellion 1500 - "Blood Wedding" of Astorre Baglione & Lavinia Colonna in Perugia family Baglione massacre 1501 - Explorer Pedro Cabral back in Lisbon 1524 - Emperor Karel I bans German national synode 1538 - Peace talks between Karel & King Francois I 1662 - King Charles II charters Royal Society in London 1741 - Alexei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.

1755 - French ambassador recalled from London 1779 - US troops under Gen A Wayne conquer Ft Stony Point, NY 1783 - 1st steamboat, Pyroscaphe, 1st run in France 1787 - Parliament of Paris banished to Troyes 1789 - Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette, is named by acclamation colonel-general of the new National Guard of Paris. 1795 - "Marseillaise" becomes French national anthem 1799 - The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign. The Rosetta Stone is an ancient Egyptian granodiorite stele inscribed with a decree issued at Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC on behalf of King Ptolemy V. The decree appears in three scripts: the upper text is Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, the middle portion demotic script, and the lowest Ancient Greek. Because it presents essentially the same text in all three scripts (with some minor differences between them), it provided the key to the modern understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

1806 - Zebulon Pike began his journey to explore the Southwest 1808 - French marshal Joachim Murat becomes king of Naples 1815 - Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders at Rochefort & is later exiled on St Helena 1815 - 1st flat horse race held on Nottingham Hill at Cheltenham, England (day and month TBC) 1823 - A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome.

1830 - 3 Indian tribes, Sioux, Sauk & Fox, signs a treaty giving the US most of Minnesota, Iowa & Missouri 1840 - England, Russia, Austria & Prussia signs Quadruple Alliance 1850 - John Wisden bowls all 10 South batsmen, North v South at Lord's 1856 - Natal forms as a British colony separate from Cape Colony 1862 - CSS Arkansas vs USS Cardondelet & Queen of the West engage at Yazoo R 1863 - Pres Davis orders service duty for confederate army 1864 - Troop train loaded with Confederate prisoners collided with a coal train killing 65 & injuring 109 of 955 aboard 1867 - SF Merchant's Exchange opens 1869 - Margarine is patented by Hippolye Méga-Mouriès for use by French Navy 1870 - Georgia becomes last confederate to be readmitted to US 1870 - Manitoba becomes 5th Canadian province & NW Territories created 1870 - Hudson's Bay & Northwest Territories transferred to Canada 1876 - Baseball's 1

st no-hitter, St Louis' George W Bradley no-hits Hartford 1888 - Bandai volcano (Japan) erupts for 1st time in 1,000 years 1893 - Commodore Perry arrives in Japan 1900 - President Steyn/General De Law escape Brandwater Basin 1901 - NY Giant Christy Mathewson no-hits St Louis, 5-0 1902 - Ranjitsinhji scores 180 before lunch, for Sussex v Surrey 1904 - 1st Buddhist temple in US forms, Los Angeles 1906 - Republic museum opens Rembrandt hall in Amsterdam 1909 - Ty Cobb hits 2 inside-the-park HRs 1911 - 46" of rain (begining 7/14) falls in Baguio, Philippines 1912 - British National Health Insurance Act goes into effect 1914 - Mexican president Huerta flees with 2 million pesos to Europe 1916 - 22.22" (56.4 cm) of rain falls in Altapass NC (

state record) 1916 - Boeing Co (Pacific Aero) formed by William Boeing in Seattle Wash 1918 - 2nd Battle of Marne began during WW I 1920 - Ruth ties his record of 29 HRs in a season 1922 - 1st duck-billed platypus publicly exhibited in US, at NY zoo 1922 - 26th US Golf Open: Gene Sarazen shoots a 288 at Skokie CC in Ill 1923 - 27th US Golf Open: Bobby Jones shoots a 296 at Inwood CC in NY 1923 - Italian parliament accepts new constitution 1926 - VPRO (Free thinking Protestant Radio Broadcast) forms 1927 - 62nd British Golf Open: Bobby Jones shoots a 285 at St Andrews 1927 - Massacre of July 15, 1927: 89 protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna.

1929 - 1st airport hotel opens-Oakland Ca 1932 - President Hoover cuts own salary 15% 1933 - Wiley Post began 1st solo flight around world 1934 - Continental Airlines commences operations.

1936 - Dutch 2nd Chamber agree to temporarily increase defense budget 1937 - Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens 1937 - Japanese attack Marco Polo Bridge, invade China 1938 - Arthur Fagg completes 244 & 202 in the same cricket game for Kent 1939 - Clara Adams (NYC) is 1st woman to complete round world flight 1940 - 1st betatron placed in operation, Urbana, Il 1940 - Nazi occupiers seize library of IISG Amsterdam 1941 - Florey & Heatley present freeze dried mold cultures (Penicillin) 1942 - 1st deportation camp at Westerbork, Jews sent to Auschwitz 1942 - Dutch Jews invoked for "Labor camps" 1944 - Greenwich Observatory damaged by WW II flying bomb 1945 - 27th PGA Championship: Byron Nelson at Morraine CC Dayton Ohio 1946 - British North Borneo Co transfers rights to British crown 1948 - Alcoholic Anonymous founded in Britain 1948 - Pres Truman nominated for another

 term (Phila) 1949 - "Miss Liberty" opens at Imperial Theater NYC for 308 performances 1949 - Czech tennis stars Jaroslav Drobny & Vladimir Cernik, defect to US 1949 - WBTV TV channel 3 in Charlotte, NC (CBS) begins broadcasting 1952 - 1st transatlantic helicopter flight begins 1952 - Gerald D Lascelles (under English princess Mary) weds Angela Dowding 1954 - 110°F (43°C) at Balcony Falls, Virginia (state record) 1954 - 1st coml jet transport plane built in US tested (Boeing 707) 1954 - KOCO TV channel 5 in Oklahoma City, OK (ABC) begins broadcasting 1954 - WBOC TV channel 16 in Salisbury, MD (CBS/NBC/ABC) begins broadcasting 1955 - WNDU TV channel 16 in South Bend, IN (NBC) begins broadcasting 1955 - Eighteen Nobel laureates sign the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons, later

 co-signed by thirty-four others.

1956 - Beverly Hanson/Kathy Cornelius wins LPGA Hot Springs Golf Invitational 1956 - Iharos runs world record 10k (28:42.8) 1957 - Dutch Super Constellation crashes near New Guinea, 56 die 1957 - US performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site 1958 - Pres Eisenhower sends US troops to Lebanon; they stay 3 months 1958 - US marines deployed in Lebanon 1959 - The steel strike of 1959 begins, leading to significant importation of foreign steel for the first time in United States history.

1960 - Balt Orioles' Brooks Robinson goes 5 for 5 including the cycle 1961 - "Donnybrook!" closes at 46th St Theater NYC after 68 performances 1961 - 90th British Golf Open: Arnold Palmer shoots a 284 at Royal Birkdale 1961 - Spain accept equal rights for men & women 1962 - Algeria becomes member of Arab League 1962 - Mickey Wright wins LPGA Milwaukee Golf Open 1962 - Neth & Indonesia accord over New-Guinea 1963 - KAIT TV channel 8 in Jonesboro, AR (ABC) begins broadcasting 1963 - Paul McCartney is fined £17 for speeding 1964 - Barry M Goldwater (Sen-R-Az) nominated for president by Republicans 1965 - "Mariner IV" sends back 1st pictures of Mars 1965 - Athanassiades Novas succeeds Papandreo as premier of Greece 1967 - "Sweet Charity" closes at Palace Theater NYC after 608 performances 1967 - LA Wolves beat Wash Wh

ips 6-5 in OT to be United Soccer Ass champs 1967 - Roberto DeVicenzo of Argentina wins golf's British Open 1967 - USSR performs nuclear Test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR 1968 - "One Life to Live" premieres on TV 1968 - Commercial air travel begins between US & USSR 1968 - France performs nuclear Test at Muruora Island 1968 - NJ Americans moved to Comack & become NY Nets (ABA) 1968 - Soap opera "One Life To Live" premieres 1969 - Cincinnati Red Lee May hits 4 HRs in a doubleheader 1969 - Rod Carew ties record with his 7th steal of home in a season 1970 - Denmark beats Italy 2-0 in 1st world female soccer championship 1971 - Pres Nixon announces he would visit People's Rep of China 1972 - 101st British Golf Open: Lee Trevino shoots 278 at Muirfield Gullane 1972 - Sandra Palmer/Jane Blalock wins Angelo

's Four-Ball Golf Championship 1973 - Calif Angel Nolan Ryan 2nd no-hitter beats Detroit Tigers, 6-0 1973 - Carole Jo Skala wins LPGA George Washington Golf Classic 1973 - Paul Getty III kidnapped 1973 - Ray Davies, announces retirement from Kinks then attempts suicide 1973 - Willie McCovey becomes 15th to hit 400 HRs 1974 - Military coup on Cyprus: archbishop/president Makarios flees 1975 - 46th All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 6-3 at County Stadium, Milwaukee 1975 - All star MVP: Bill Madlock (Pitts Pirates) & John Matlock (NY Mets) 1975 - Apollo 18 launched (will rendezvous with Soyuz) 1975 - Soyuz 19 & Apollo 18 launched; rendezvous 2 days later 1976 - 36-hr kidnap of 26 school children & their bus driver in Calif 1978 - 107th British Golf Open: Jack Nicklaus

 shoots a 281 at St Andrews 1979 - 34th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Jerilyn Britz 1979 - Morarji Desai resigns as premier of India 1980 - Johnny Bench hits his 314th HR as a catcher breaks Yogi Berra's record 1982 - Body of Wendy Caulfield, 1st Green River victim, found near Seattle 1982 - Columbia flies to Kennedy Space Center via Dyess AFB, Texas 1982 - Senate confirms George Shultz as 60th sec of state by vote of 97-0 1983 - 8 killed, 54 wounded, by Armenian extremists bomb at Orly, France 1983 - Linda Ronstadt debuts as Mabel in "Pirates of Penzance" 1984 - 39th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Hollis Stacy 1984 - John Lennon releases "I'm Stepping Out" 1985 - Deborah Carthy-Deu, of Puerto Rico, crowned 34th Miss Universe 1986 -

 57th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 3-2 at Astrodome, Houston 1986 - All star MVP: Roger Clemens (Boston Red Sox) 1987 - Boy George barred from British TV show, he may be a bad influence 1987 - John Poindexter testifies at Iran-Contra hearings 1987 - State of siege ends in Taiwan 1990 - 45th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Betsy King 1991 - France performs nuclear Test at Muruora Island 1991 - US troops leave northern Iraq 1991 - Sandhi Ortiz-DelValle is 1st woman to officiate a men's pro basketball (USBL) game, game between New Haven Skyhawks & Phila Spirit 1992 - Pope John Paul II hospitalized for 3 weeks to have tumor removed 1994 - Gyula Horn sworn in as premier of Hungary 1994 - Israel & Jordan agree to talks in Wash DC on July 25th 1994 - NJ Nets Derrek Coleman accused of rape in Detroit 1994 - Sonia O

'Sullivan runs 3K (8:21.64) 1995 - Birmingham Barracudas 1st CFL home game (vs Hamilton) 1995 - Jews take Jerusalem This Crazy World Is Real | Making Sense Of A Crazy World This Crazy World Is Real Making Sense Of A Crazy World Menu Posted in Paranormal , Props by billyngi Everybody loves a terrific haunted home, and the main ingredient ought to be fright.

There are many creative haunted house props around about the end of October, and some are better than others. The first ingredient for a great prop is darkness. Nothing is very terrifying inside light of day so anyone interested in making a frightening decoration should figure out a way to get rid of the light. A haunted house may have some flashes of light or some strange colored lights on the contents but typical light ought to be eliminated. There are haunted house props for everybody, depending on your needs, your budget, and the effect you want to reach you will be able to find something to your liking. Animated Halloween props are available in every price range. A haunted home has to have sights, sounds, feelings, smells and maybe even some tastes. You could use some cold spaghetti that ends up looking like squishy worms or snakes as scary house props and surely these will taste awful if one thinks of eating these creatures. These slimy creatures in the form of spaghetti or other substances might be hanging from convenient perches or lining the corners of the room. Surprises are critical to producing the ambiance of the haunted house props. Something or somebody should pop out from the darkness to genuinely get the greatest feasible ambiance.

Haunted house props don’t need to be pricey Individuals throughout the country develop props on this special night, and some are scarier than others. These props vary in price as well. People with limited funds can still create a scary home that could intrigue the neighborhood kids . Lighting is critical, but an individual at a strategic switch can create some scary effects to. Colored light bulbs replacing the frequent light bulbs can add to the ambiance. A flashlight illuminating a face dripping with blood from the darkness can produce a frightening look. Check out some music with some frightening sounds and put it on a player. The sounds can make a significant difference inside setting. A few screams or awful cackling can scare a group of young neighbors and maybe their parents, too. The internet has some free downloads of extremely terrifying music that could do the trick for a frightening scene. Music departments usually have eerie music, that may shock everyone within the haunted home. The entry can create with the right haunted house props the atmosphere from the start. Posted in Soccer , Sport by billyngi If you want to understand the history of soccer, you have to admit that for some reason, humans have a natural urge to kick things.

Whether it’s to release frustration, or simply for fun, we do this even without noticing. How many times have you not walked on the street as a kid (and not only), simply kicking that pebble or cone on the ground in front of you out of boredom. It’s this natural urge that stands at the basis of the history of soccer. When was soccer invented? When speaking about the history of soccer a lot of people regard England as the place that soccer was born and although this could be a true statement in a particular context, the truth is that the English were the first to organize soccer around 1863, however they did not “invent” it per say. So if 1863 is the year the sport got “baptized”, then what year was soccer invented and where? Since soccer or soccer-likesports can be traced way back to ancient times, it’s difficult to pin-point a specific year, but historians of the phenomenon usually chop it down into 3 periods of time. History of soccer during ancient times They might not have had our modern commodities, but ancient people sure knew how to have their fun .

And, you guessed, kicking a “ball” around (obviously, the balls were extremely rudimentary compared to what is used today) was considered a fun activity in many areas all around the globe, most of them developing at the same time, without interaction from one another. In history of soccer the first written statement regarding the start of soccer comes from a Chinese military manual at around 300 BC, which describes a practice called “cuju” that involved the players kicking a leather ball through a hole in a silk cloth stretched between two poles. On the other side of the globe, in the Americas, the Aztecs were playing a similar sport, although some compare it to basketball more than soccer. The purpose of the game was to kick the ball through a small stone circle that was placed high up on the arena’s walls, hence the relation to basketball. Now I don’t know about you, but to me it sounds a lot more difficult to place a small leather ball exactly in the middle of a stone circle that’s well high above your head with your foot, than striking a modern “high-tech” ball in an 8 yard goal.

History of soccer during the Middle Ages We usually think of the medieval era as a time when war was viewed as a necessity and a “job” rather than a calamity. Despite being quite a serious, “dark” period of time, somehow the medieval people managed to take some time for some sports, including soccer. The forms of soccer played during this time were obviously incomparable to our current definition of the sport; hence they are usually classified as “mob soccer”. While their dads were off at war, children would often grab a patched up leather ball, hit the nearby field and start a “war” on the field. The lack of rules often lead to fights and serious injuries and the sport was regarded as dangerous in many locations. A clear example of this can be found in the London British Museum, where an engraving shows a group of men struggling to win a leather ball, with a second image showing a man with a broken arm. You do the math. Modern-day soccer As mentioned above, although we don’t know when soccer was invented, we do know when it was organized as a sport under a clear set of rules.

Being a popular practice in England, soccer was played chaotically and oftentimes it would lead to the same on and off-pitch battles similar to the ones occurring during medieval soccer matches. On each match, the two teams would agree on a particular set of rules, but with the lack of a referee arguments would often spark up. In order to keep things in order, a few English clubs met in London on October 26, 1863 in order to create a set of well-defined and universal rules for the game. The Football Association was born and although their set of rules did not apply to all clubs immediately, in a few decades, as soccer clubs switched from amateurism to professionalism, their laws and conduct restrictions became standard for everyone. As you can see, there’s really no “right” way to answer the “When was soccer invented?” question and you’ll have your fair share of arguments at hand regardless of what period you believe was the spark that caused the wildfire that soccer is today. And you’ll probably agree with me on this: it’s not really that important to know when soccer was invented, but rather acknowledge that we are lucky to be able to enjoy this wonderful sport at its best, as we can in modern times.

Posted in Destinations , Edinburgh , UK by billyngi Visiting the Edinburgh Castle is an experience that one must not miss out on while in town. The Castle was built in 1130 by David I, who had the Saint Margaret’s Chapel built, named for his mother. The chapel still stands today and is the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh. For many years, the castle was seized by the English, and then recaptured by the Scots, the last siege being in 1745. David’s Tower, named after David II was built in 1368 after David II ordered the rebuilding of the castle. It collapsed in 1573 during an English siege when cannon fire destroyed the tower. It was replaced by the Half-Moon Battery, completed in 1588. The ruins of David’s Tower are still visible underneath the Battery. Every day except for Sunday, the “One O’clock” gun is fired from the top of the castle. The ritual originated in 1861 as a way of giving the time to the ships in the Firth of Forth; the firing can be heard by ships two miles away in Leith Harbour.

The Crown of Scotland, the Sceptre, the Sword of State and the Stone of Scone are kept in the Crown Room. The Crown, Sceptre and Sword are known as The Honours of Scotland, and were buried in mid- 17th century, to hide them from Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell invaded Scotland, executed King Charles I and overtook the castle in 1650. It wasn’t until 1818 that Sir Walter Scott, a novelist, rediscovered these items and they were put on display. In the 1940s, the Honours were reburied in case of German invasion and returned back to the Crown Room in 1953 and have been on display since then. The Edinburgh Castle also has a dog cemetery, but the general public cannot go down and visit it; it is only viewable from above. Buried there are past regimental mascots and soldiers’ pets. If you are visiting Edinburgh in August, you must make sure to go to the castle for the Military Tattoo performances . The performance includes the pipes and drums played by regiments of the British Armed Forces and civilians and a fireworks display.

The show is ended with just one piper playing a sad song from the Half Moon Batter. The performers then march off down the Royal Mile playing lively tunes. The Military Tattoo attracts over 200,000 visitors annually and is broadcast worldwide. When coming to the castle, try to set a whole day aside for your visit as the place is so big and there are countless things to take in and you will definitely want to see it all. Posted in Destinations , Newquay , UK by billyngi The beautiful beaches of Newquay and the spectacular coastal scenery have made Newquay Cornwall’s premier resort. Newquay is the beach paradise of the West Country with its seven miles of wonderful golden sands and the surfing capital of Britain. A lot of people would argue that the beaches in and around Newquay are the finest in Western Europe with the soft sand and crystal clear water. With so many beaches in Newquay you will be spoilt for choice. Find beaches with long stretches of golden sands to small secluded beaches to surfing havens.

You would find it hard to find a place that has such a variety of beaches and a lot of the beaches are within walking distance of the town centre and most of them have great facilities close by. Fistral Beach Fistral Beach is Britain’s most famous surfing location with its West facing, dune backed stretch of wonderful golden sands. It is also one of Newquay’s biggest beaches and where all the main world class surfing events and competitions are held. Fistral Beach is often split into three areas these being South Fistral, North Fistral and Little Fistral. Fistral Beach is home to the Ripcurl Boardmasters, Europe’s largest surf, skate and music festival. Beach Facilities in season – Café, lifeguards, hire facilities, shops, surf tuition, toilets, baby changing room, showers and wet suit changing rooms Beach Access – Bus service and disabled access available on North side of Fistral Beach. By car follow signs to Fistral and parking are either along the road above the beach or in the car park on the beach itself but this can be full quickly in season. It may be advisable to park in one of Newquay’s long stay car parks and walk to Fistral Beach.

Postcode TR7 1HY Great Western Beach Great Western Beach Is a West facing beach which is reached by walking along the sands at low tide from Towan or by a steep slope leading off Cliff Road beside the Great Western Hotel. The beach is also accessible via a private lift in the cliffs from the Great Western Hotel. The Great Western Beach is a popular family beach backed by towering cliffs which also shade the beach in late afternoon. The Great Western Beach is very popular with beginners to surfing. Beach Facilities in season – Refreshments, shop, surf and deck chair hire, toilets, showers, lifeguards, surfing centre. Beach Access – Disabled access and local bus service. Two car parks situated on either side of the railway centre (behind Burger King). You can walk to the Beach from these two car parks. Postcode TR7 2NE Harbour Beach Harbour Beach is North facing and Newquay’s smallest beach. It is part of the working harbour and is only accessible at low tide. It is a safe sheltered beach within easy access of the town which makes it popular with families. During the holiday season boat trips are available and depart from the Harbour. Beach Facilities in season – Shop, café, refreshments and toilets.

Beach Access – Park in the town centre long stay car parks and walk to the beach as limited parking available. Postcode TR7 2NE Lusty Glaze Beach Lusty Glaze is a beautiful sheltered cove and one of Newquay’s best tourist beaches with a wide selection of beach facilities to cater for visitors throughout the year. Lusty Glaze is a privately owned beach but is open to the public all year round. The cove is naturally sheltered by high cliffs and it offers outdoor pursuits activities for all abilities and ages including children’s sessions. Beach Facilities in season – Café, restaurant and takeaway, beach shop and surf hire, bar, children’s crèche, showers, changing rooms, toilets, and lifeguards. Beach Access – Reached by walking along the sands northward from the town centre or from the cliff path. There is a small car park which looks over the beach but this is usually full in the summer months or it is better to use the Newquay town centre car parks. Postcode TR7 3AE Tolcarne Beach Tolcarne Beach is situated in the middle of the Newquay Bay beaches with Lusty Glaze beach to the right and the Great Western beach to the left.

It is a West facing beach with a large beach that has soft sands, rock pools, family fun surfing, boogie boarding and safe swimming. One of the most popular beaches in Newquay as it is only a short walk from Newquay town centre. There are over 200 steps down to the beach but a visit to the beach is a must as the views are beautiful from the beach. Beach Facilities in season – Lifeguards, beach shops, cafes, surf school, bistro, crazy golf and toilets Beach Access – Tolcarne Beach is situated right below Narrowcliff Road and there are several car parks located in the town car parks which are quite near the beach. Postcode TR7 1AF Towan Beach Towan beach is a very popular beach situated right in the middle of Newquay town and sometimes known as Town Beach ( check the beach guide from Visit Newquay ). It is popular with both families for swimming and surfers. It is on the southern end of the Newquay Bay area so it is also most protected from the wind. The beach has a good expanse of sand and rocks and it has a small swimming pool for families in the summer months.

Town Island is linked by a suspension bridge and this is an obvious attraction to the area and is featured in many picture postcards of Newquay. The Blue Reef Aquarium is situated right by the beach and is well worth a visit. Beach Facilities in season – Refreshments, beach huts, lifeguards, toilets, and surf shops close by where you can hire boards and wetsuits. Beach Access – Drive to Newquay town centre and use the car parks within the town and walk to the beach. Posted in History , Museums by billyngi Sir Hans Sloane, a British physician and naturalist just didn’t want to see his lifetime collection go to waste after he passed away, so he found an original solution. In his will he bequeathed his collection to King George II, on the condition that 20,000 pounds were paid to his heirs. Luckily King George II accepted the offer, and the British Museum was established . It was only natural that as a naturalist, Sloane’s collection contained hundreds of volumes of dried plants. But Sloane’s vast collection was much more than that.

It consisted of over 70,000 objects, including 40,000 books, thousands of manuscripts and antiquities from around the world. By the way, Hans Sloane deserves our gratitude not only for the establishment of the British Museum. While visiting Jamaica, he tried a popular drink among the locals, which consisted of cocoa and water. Disgusted by its flavor, he decided to mix it with milk instead. Quite content with the results, he brought his recipe with him after returning to England, where it began spreading as a medicine. So the next time you visit the British Museum, or sip your cocoa drink, give a nod of acknowledgment to this great man. But let’s return to the museum. Sloane’s collection, along with the Cottonian Library (assembled by Sir Robert Cotton), the Harleian Library and the Royal Library were the nucleus of the newly founded museum. The Montagu House, a 17th century mansion in Bloomsbury, London was chosen as the first home of the museum. The museum formally opened its doors in 1759.

Towards the end of the 18th century countless objects from unknown lands were brought by Captain James Cook and other British explorers from their intrepid voyages around the world. These objects were put on display and caused the museum’s popularity to skyrocket. Soon the Montagu House proved to be too small for the growing crowds. In the beginning of the 19th century, after the battle of the Nile in 1801, the museum’s collection of Egyptian antiquities grew dramatically, both from donations and acquisitions. Greek and Roman sculptures were also added to the collection. Some of them, such as the sculptures from the Acropolis in Athens, remain highly controversial to this day. In 1823 the neoclassical architect Sir Robert Smirke was commissioned to plan a new home for the museum. That same year the Montagu House was demolished and the construction of the new building began, taking almost a quarter of a century to complete. From the 1840’s the museum began promoting explorations overseas, mostly in various territories in Asia.

These excavations proved to be extremely successful and led, among others, to the discovery of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesos and the Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, two of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Even the new building couldn’t keep up with the museum’s evergrowing collection and in 1887 the Natural History department was moved to the newly formed Natural History Museum. But this was far from enough. In 1895 the museum’s committee decided to purchase and demolish 69 houses surrounding the museum to expand the museum’s ground. The museum’s collection contains over 7 million objects, not including the Natural History Museum (over 70 million objects) and the British Library (over 150 million items) that were once a part of the museum. Notable Works Within The British Museum Rosetta Stone Of what importance is the Rosetta Stone to humanity? Let’s just say that if the British Museum wanted to obtain a more significant stone they would have to start looking for the stone tablets with the inscription of The Ten Commandments given by God to Moses. Judging by their long history of explorations they are probably looking for the tablets at this very moment.

The Rosetta Stone is a black granite stone discovered n 1799 by a French soldier in the town of Rosetta (today called Rashid) in Egypt. It was originally engraved in 196 B.C. under the orders of king Ptolemy V Epiphanes. And why is it so important you ask? Its importance lies not in what is written but rather in how it is written. The same inscription appears in three different languages, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Egyptian demotic and Greek. The Rosetta Stone was the key to the understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphs, enabling scholars to decipher ancient Egyptian scripts for the first time. Parthenon Marbles The Parthenon Marbles, also known as the Elgin Marbles, are several sculptures originally belonging in the Parthenon and other various buildings in the Acropolis of Athens, Greece. They represent over half of the surviving sculptures of the Parthenon. Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, was the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire at the turn of the 19th century.

He will be forever remembered as the person that somehow managed to convince the Ottoman authorities to remove so many of the priceless sculptures of the Acropolis and send them to Britain. Lewis Chessmen Over 150 years ago this beautiful collection of carved pieces of chess was found at the Bay of Uig on the Isle of Lewis in Scotland. The pieces are made of walrus ivory and whale teeth and except for the pawns represent human figures. It is believed that they were originally created in Norway in the 12th century, at which time many of the Scottish islands, the Isle of Lewis among them, were under Norwegian territory. They were exhibited for the first time by Roderick Ryrie on 1831 at the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 81 of the pieces were purchased by the British Museum. The remaining 10 (which became 11 after an additional bishop was found) exchanged hands several times until they were bought in 1888 by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland were they were first seen and donated to the Museum of Scotland (at the time the Royal Museum).

Posted in Bathroom , Design , Home by billyngi Bathrooms are not just bathrooms anymore and some principles of modern bathroom need to be incorporated in designing a bathroom space using modern design. Modern bathroom design has lines that are bold and clean, décor to a minimum and the use of white color abundantly. The bathroom in today’s world is not just a place to do what is typically done in a bathroom but also a room that is elegant as well. In designing a modern bathroom, the following are the tips that may be followed. Tips and Tricks for a modern bathroom design Clean Lines Lines that are clean play a role that is significant in the décor of the bathroom and it is important to consider the outer shape of the windows, mirror, counter top etc and ensure that they match with each other. Typically, outer lines that are wavy may be ruled out since they are not common in the design of modern bathrooms. It is important to emphasize or pick ovals or horizontal straight lines and use them for a clean and bold look. A more subtle and harmonious and subtle look is provided by using ovals.

To match the lines, one can use a countertop that is rectangular, a sink that is rectangular or square, a horizontal mirror that is large etc and add lines to the bathroom that are horizontal. When going the oval route, a window sill that is oval in shape can be aligned with the bathtub, curved countertop, mirror etc to go with the scheme. Colors With color, being a minimalist or going for a look that is minimal is key and when picking a scheme with two colors, for spaces that smaller it is recommended to pick white and a color such as bamboo green, light aqua, soft green, wooden etc to go with the white. For a bathroom that is on the larger scale, shades that are darker as in blacks, purples, reds, grays etc can be selected. The bathroom may feel closed in when using patterns. However, for a bathroom that is medium or large in size , the ceiling may be painted or one wall may be painted with designs in interior paint or tiles with designs on them may be used. Addition of more patterns can bring about a design that is reflective of mid century modern style.

Lighting A very important role in the design of small bathrooms in a modern way is lighting since it can be used to create a place that is lit well. The best choices for lighting in bathrooms are lights that are white or off-white in color. For a space that is small, it is recommended to keep the countertop clear of light fixtures and have simply a small lamp. If the bathroom is large, ceiling lights that are small and in any color may be added to the ceiling in addition to light fixtures that are colored to bring ambience to the bathroom. For natural light, a skylight may be used. Less is More The principle of modern bathroom design is that less is more and it means that lesser numbers of items are to be used in the decoration of the space. For bathrooms that are smaller in size, it is good to keep the countertop clear of items and if not, have the least number of items on it. The use of a bathroom light that is white in color, bamboo plants that are considered lucky and some wooden mats are good. The use of hanging sinks in the bathroom in place of pedestal sinks is an alternative that works well in creating more room. Compactness, similarly, in the design elements that are used is important.

Space that is uncluttered Clutter creates a feeling of chaos and it is advised to have a bathroom that is clear of clutter and has shelves under the counter for storage. It is possible to have mirrors on the cabinets in bathrooms and in front of the sink for the sake of keeping brushes, tooth paste and other sorts of accessories. The use of a wooden shelf that is very small just outside a bathroom that is very small works really well and whatever is needed can be picked up while using the bathroom. The above was a discussion about the design of modern bathrooms and it is possible to have a beautifully designed and decorated bathroom by making use of these tricks and tips. Posted in Gardening , Vegetables by billyngi If you love to have fresh produces in the spring and summer, you should consider creating a home vegetable garden. Growing a vegetable garden is a fun and healthy hobby that anyone can excel at. While gardening, you may find that your troubles and stresses of the day simply float away. Home vegetable gardening relieves stress and allows you to be out in the sun. Vegetable gardening is proven to lower blood pressure and clear the mind. Also, the act of nurturing plants and watching them grow is rather soothing. And it can look good too!

The Pros of Organic Gardening One great aspect of home vegetable gardening is that it does not require a bunch of chemicals. Therefore, home vegetable gardening allows you to have more natural, juicy, and healthier vegetables that are also better for the environment. Using a lot of chemicals on vegetables is not only unhealthy for your body, but also takes a large toll on the environment. Growing your own vegetable garden and using less chemicals yields natural food. Organic vegetables are always the best-tasting because they will not be picked until they are completely ripe and you are ready to pick them. One more pro of growing your own organic vegetable garden is that it will save you money. Instead of buying all your organic vegetables at the store, you will have your own selection of vegetables at your disposal whenever you want them. Anyone can create a home vegetable garden. As long as you have dirt somewhere, you can create an outdoor vegetable garden in the solid ground. Even if you don’t have a plot of dirt, you can buy a few pots and create a container garden. Vegetable Gardening on Solid Ground Before starting your vegetable garden, should keep in mind these simple thoughts: size, location, and soil. First of all, we’ll discuss the location.

You must plot your garden in an area with plenty of shade and sufficient drainage. You must nurture your plants by putting them in a place that receives about 6 hours of sunlight each day. Every plant is different and requires a different amount of light, but the average is six hours a day. Therefore, do not plot your garden in a shady place! Also, make sure that your garden has adequate draining. If you place your garden at the bottom of a hill, water will flood your plants during the wet season; this is a common mistake that many beginning planters make. By locating your gardens away from bottoms of hills and other spots where water is likely to collect, you will prevent your vegetables from drowning! Second of all, let’s talk about size. You should decide how big you want your garden to be initially. Remember that you should start out small and expand later; otherwise the size of the garden may overwhelm you. I recommend starting out with a garden space of 25 square feet or less. After you get the hang of it, you can expand your vegetable garden as much as you would like. Third, let’s talk about soil.

Soil is one of the most important aspects of gardening, so it is very important to have good soil to produce a good garden. The best type of soil is slightly loose and easy to till. Therefore, stay away from soil that is hard-packed. If your yard does not have a lot of good soil in it, you can fix this problem by using mulch or compost in your garden. Alternatively you can buy good soil from your local nursery. Mulch is usually an organic covering, such as straw, leaves, compost, or peat that you can cover your garden with to enrich the soil, prevent weed growth, and prevent excessive evaporation of water. Compost consists of any organic particle, such as dead leaves, manure, or (most commonly) kitchen scraps. People put compost in their yards to improve the soil and provide nutrients for plants. Composting kills two birds with one stone; it is great for your garden and cuts down on your trash. If you address the location, size, and soil of your garden, you will have a booming vegetable garden in no time. Also, some of these tips will also help those of you who choose to have a container vegetable garden.

Vegetable Gardening in Containers Container gardening is the best type of gardening for many people . If you do not have a good plot of land to garden on, container gardening is your best bet. It is the most practical way to garden for those of us not lucky enough to have large plots of soiled land to garden on. There are many pros to container gardening. You can place your plants wherever you want: in your living room, on your patio, etc., so that you can add color and radiance wherever you would like. With container gardening, you can easily place plants wherever they receive the best growing conditions. Another pro is that you will have fewer pests eating your plants if they are in containers rather than in the ground. Although almost any plant will grow just fine in a container, there are some that grow exceptionally well in containers. These are: salad greens, spinach, tomatoes, eggplant, Swiss chard, radish, beets, peppers, and bush beans. The con of container gardening is that they require more upkeep and maintenance. You must check up on and water many container plants everyday. Most vegetable crops grow well in 5-gallon containers.

No matter what size container you use, make sure it has adequate drainage to ensure a bountiful garden. You should add about 1 inch of coarse gravel in the bottom of the container to monitor drainage. Learn how to prepare the containers of each type of plant for a nice and low-cost indoor garden. Gardening Problems You Can Tackle There are two notorious enemies of gardening: weeds and pests. Here is some basic information and helpful hints on how to tackle each of these problems: One problem a person may have in plant gardening is staying on top of all of the weeds. In order to prevent weeds from taking over your garden, you should go out daily and pick the weeds. Picking weeds may seem like a dull task, but if you have the right attitude, it can actually be quite relaxing and stress relieving. Where there’s a garden, there are bugs. Unless you want to use a bunch of chemicals, you must go outside and kill any damaging bugs on your plants. But make sure not to kill the good bugs, such as ladybugs or praying mantis, because they kill the bad bugs that eat your plants. In fact, you can buy good bugs at your local plant store and put them in your garden to help kill pests.

Because no bugs kill big pests such as grasshoppers, you must pick off these big pests by hand. The Love of Vegetable Gardening Vegetable gardening is very rewarding because it makes you feel better, less stressed, and produces delicious vegetables for you to eat. If you like the fresh vegetables at farmer’s market, you’ll love to have a garden vegetable of your own to tend to and eat from. 25 Most Intense Archaeological Discoveries In Human History – Bimba 25 The Baby Disposal One thing you will realize by the end of this list is that people, at least in the past, were very fond of cannibalism, sacrifice, and torture. As a case in point, not long ago as several archaeologists were searching through the sewers beneath a Roman/Byzantine bathhouse in Israel when they came across something terrifying…baby bones, and lots of them. For whatever reason someone in the bathhouse above apparently felt compelled to dispose of hundreds of babies in the sewer below. 24 The Venetian Vampire Although these days the most surefire method used to slay vampire is a stake through the heart, hundreds of years ago that was not considered sufficient.

Allow us to introduce you to the ancient alternative – the brick through the mouth. Think about it. What’s the easiest way to keep a vampire from sucking blood? Cram his face full of cement no doubt. The skull you are looking at here was found by archaeologists just outside Venice in a mass grave. 23 Aztecs Sacrifices Although it has been known for years that the Aztecs hosted numerous bloody sacrificial festivals, in 2004 a grisly discovery was made outside of modern day Mexico City. Numerous decapitated and mutilated bodies of both humans and animals shed some light on just how horrific the rituals could get. 22 Terra Cotta Army While it may not be intense in the same way as the last few discoveries, this vast terracotta army that was buried with Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, is certainly intense in its own right. Apparently the intention was for the soldiers to protect the emperor in the afterlife. 21 The Screaming Mummies Unlike modern burials, Egyptians didn’t take into account the fact that if you don’t strap the chin to the skull, it will fall open in a permanent scream.

Although most mummies exhibit this sort of profile, it can get significantly more terrifying. Every once in a while archaeologists discover mummies that seem to have truly been screaming at their death due to some sort of ritual torture. The one above is name Unknown Man E and was found by Gaston Masparo in 1886. 20 The First Leper Also known as Hansen’s disease, leprosy is not contagious but its victims have often lived on the fringes of society due to extreme disfigurement. Because Hindu tradition calls for cremation the skeleton above, often cited as the first leper, was found buried just outside the city limits. 19 Ancient Chemical Warfare In 1933 archaeologist Robert du Mesnil du Buisson was searching beneath the ruins of an ancient Roman/Persian battlefield when he came across some siege tunnels that had been dug under the city. In the tunnels he found the bodies of 19 Roman soldiers that seemingly died while trying to desperately escape from something and one Persian soldier clutching his chest. Apparently when the Romans heard the Persians digging under their walls they began digging a tunnel of their own with the idea of dropping in on the Persians from above.

The trouble for them was that the Persians heard it and set a trap. As soon as the Roman soldiers dropped through they were met with burning sulfur and bitumen which has the unfortunate effect of turning to acid in your lungs. 18 Rosetta Stone Discovered in 1799 by a French soldier sifting through the Egyptian sand, the Rosetta Stone has been one of archaeology’s greatest discoveries to date and the primary source for modern understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphs. The stone is a actually a fragment of a larger stone that contained a decree issued by King Ptolemy V around 200 BC with the decree inscribed in 3 languages – Egyptian hieroglyphs, Demotic script, and Ancient Greek. 17 Diquis Spheres Known as the stone spheres of Costa Rica, scientists believe these nearly perfect speres were carved around the turn of the millennium. Although there is much speculation as to what they may have been used for, no one is completely sure. 16 The Grauballe Man It’s not a strange occurrence for mummified bodies to be found in bogs but this body, now known as the Grauballe Man, is a bit unique.

Not only is he amazingly well preserved with his hair and fingernails still intact, it is possible to reconstruct his demise from the information found on and around his body. Judging from a large wound wrapping around his neck from ear to ear it seems he was sacrificed, probably in an attempt to turn a better harvest. 15 Desert Kites Since being discovered by pilots at the turn of the 20th century a series of low stone walls in the Negev desert of Israel had puzzled scientists for years. The walls could be up to 40 miles long in some places and were nicknamed “kites” as a result of their appearance from the air. Recently, however, it was determined that the walls were actually used by hunters to funnel large animals into pens or off of cliffs where they could easily be slaughtered en mass. 14 Ancient Troy Troy is a city well-known to both history and legend (as well as archaeology), and was situated in northwest Anatolia in what is now Turkey.

In 1865, English archaeologist Frank Calvert excavated trenches in a field bought from a local farmer at Hisarlık, and in 1868, Heinrich Schliemann, a wealthy German businessman and archaeologist, also began excavating in the area after a chance meeting with Calvert in Çanakkale and what they found has been generally been agreed upon to be this ancient city. 13 Acambaro Figures Although most of the scientific community has now agreed that these figures were part of an elaborate hoax, their discovery at first created a bit of a stir. Found in the ground near Acambaro, Mexico were hundreds of little figures resembling both humans and dinosaurs which for a little while led some to believe that the ancients were better archaeologists than previously thought. 12 Antikythera Mechanism Discovered in a shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera around the turn of the 20th century. This 2000 year old device has often been touted as the world’s first scientific calculator. With dozens of gears it can precisely measure the position of the sun, moon, and planets simply by inputting a date.

Although there is debate over its exact use it certainly shows that even 2000 years ago civilization was already accomplishing amazingly advanced feats of mechanical engineering. 11 1000+ images about The Rosetta Stone on Pinterest | French revolution, Language and Scripts Forward The Rosetta Stone unlocked the key to ancient Egyptian language of Hieroglyphics, which is a picture language, with one symbol for each word. It contains a decree giving honours to Ptolemy V Epiphanes from 200 BC because he showed favour to the priests and temples. It was discovered in 1799 in Rosetta, a town in the western part of the Nile delta in Egypt, by Lt. Bouchard in Napoleon's army. It was surrendered to the British after the defeat of the French. See More hieroglyph, photos on Flickr | Flickr 4 1099 - 1st Crusaders capture, plunder Jerusalem 1205 - Pope Innocent III states Jews are doomed to perpetual servitude and subjugation due to crucifixion of Jesus 1207 - John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton.

1240 - A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva. 1307 - Duke Henrik van Karinthi chosen king of Bohemia 1381 - John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of Richard II of England. 1410 - Battle of Tannenburg-Teutonic Knights vs King Ladislas II of Poland 1500 - Duke Albrecht of Saxon beats Friese rebellion 1500 - "Blood Wedding" of Astorre Baglione & Lavinia Colonna in Perugia family Baglione massacre 1501 - Explorer Pedro Cabral back in Lisbon 1524 - Emperor Karel I bans German national synode 1538 - Peace talks between Karel & King Francois I 1662 - King Charles II charters Royal Society in London 1741 - Alexei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.

1755 - French ambassador recalled from London 1779 - US troops under Gen A Wayne conquer Ft Stony Point, NY 1783 - 1st steamboat, Pyroscaphe, 1st run in France 1787 - Parliament of Paris banished to Troyes 1789 - Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette, is named by acclamation colonel-general of the new National Guard of Paris. 1795 - "Marseillaise" becomes French national anthem 1799 - The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign. The Rosetta Stone is an ancient Egyptian granodiorite stele inscribed with a decree issued at Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC on behalf of King Ptolemy V. The decree appears in three scripts: the upper text is Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, the middle portion demotic script, and the lowest Ancient Greek. Because it presents essentially the same text in all three scripts (with some minor differences between them), it provided the key to the modern understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

1806 - Zebulon Pike began his journey to explore the Southwest 1808 - French marshal Joachim Murat becomes king of Naples 1815 - Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders at Rochefort & is later exiled on St Helena 1815 - 1st flat horse race held on Nottingham Hill at Cheltenham, England (day and month TBC) 1823 - A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome.

1830 - 3 Indian tribes, Sioux, Sauk & Fox, signs a treaty giving the US most of Minnesota, Iowa & Missouri 1840 - England, Russia, Austria & Prussia signs Quadruple Alliance 1850 - John Wisden bowls all 10 South batsmen, North v South at Lord's 1856 - Natal forms as a British colony separate from Cape Colony 1862 - CSS Arkansas vs USS Cardondelet & Queen of the West engage at Yazoo R 1863 - Pres Davis orders service duty for confederate army 1864 - Troop train loaded with Confederate prisoners collided with a coal train killing 65 & injuring 109 of 955 aboard 1867 - SF Merchant's Exchange opens 1869 - Margarine is patented by Hippolye Méga-Mouriès for use by French Navy 1870 - Georgia becomes last confederate to be readmitted to US 1870 - Manitoba becomes 5th Canadian province & NW Territories created 1870 - Hudson's Bay & Northwest Territories transferred to Canada 1876 - Baseball's 1

st no-hitter, St Louis' George W Bradley no-hits Hartford 1888 - Bandai volcano (Japan) erupts for 1st time in 1,000 years 1893 - Commodore Perry arrives in Japan 1900 - President Steyn/General De Law escape Brandwater Basin 1901 - NY Giant Christy Mathewson no-hits St Louis, 5-0 1902 - Ranjitsinhji scores 180 before lunch, for Sussex v Surrey 1904 - 1st Buddhist temple in US forms, Los Angeles 1906 - Republic museum opens Rembrandt hall in Amsterdam 1909 - Ty Cobb hits 2 inside-the-park HRs 1911 - 46" of rain (begining 7/14) falls in Baguio, Philippines 1912 - British National Health Insurance Act goes into effect 1914 - Mexican president Huerta flees with 2 million pesos to Europe 1916 - 22.22" (56.4 cm) of rain falls in Altapass NC (

state record) 1916 - Boeing Co (Pacific Aero) formed by William Boeing in Seattle Wash 1918 - 2nd Battle of Marne began during WW I 1920 - Ruth ties his record of 29 HRs in a season 1922 - 1st duck-billed platypus publicly exhibited in US, at NY zoo 1922 - 26th US Golf Open: Gene Sarazen shoots a 288 at Skokie CC in Ill 1923 - 27th US Golf Open: Bobby Jones shoots a 296 at Inwood CC in NY 1923 - Italian parliament accepts new constitution 1926 - VPRO (Free thinking Protestant Radio Broadcast) forms 1927 - 62nd British Golf Open: Bobby Jones shoots a 285 at St Andrews 1927 - Massacre of July 15, 1927: 89 protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna.

1929 - 1st airport hotel opens-Oakland Ca 1932 - President Hoover cuts own salary 15% 1933 - Wiley Post began 1st solo flight around world 1934 - Continental Airlines commences operations.

1936 - Dutch 2nd Chamber agree to temporarily increase defense budget 1937 - Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens 1937 - Japanese attack Marco Polo Bridge, invade China 1938 - Arthur Fagg completes 244 & 202 in the same cricket game for Kent 1939 - Clara Adams (NYC) is 1st woman to complete round world flight 1940 - 1st betatron placed in operation, Urbana, Il 1940 - Nazi occupiers seize library of IISG Amsterdam 1941 - Florey & Heatley present freeze dried mold cultures (Penicillin) 1942 - 1st deportation camp at Westerbork, Jews sent to Auschwitz 1942 - Dutch Jews invoked for "Labor camps" 1944 - Greenwich Observatory damaged by WW II flying bomb 1945 - 27th PGA Championship: Byron Nelson at Morraine CC Dayton Ohio 1946 - British North Borneo Co transfers rights to British crown 1948 - Alcoholic Anonymous founded in Britain 1948 - Pres Truman nominated for another

 term (Phila) 1949 - "Miss Liberty" opens at Imperial Theater NYC for 308 performances 1949 - Czech tennis stars Jaroslav Drobny & Vladimir Cernik, defect to US 1949 - WBTV TV channel 3 in Charlotte, NC (CBS) begins broadcasting 1952 - 1st transatlantic helicopter flight begins 1952 - Gerald D Lascelles (under English princess Mary) weds Angela Dowding 1954 - 110°F (43°C) at Balcony Falls, Virginia (state record) 1954 - 1st coml jet transport plane built in US tested (Boeing 707) 1954 - KOCO TV channel 5 in Oklahoma City, OK (ABC) begins broadcasting 1954 - WBOC TV channel 16 in Salisbury, MD (CBS/NBC/ABC) begins broadcasting 1955 - WNDU TV channel 16 in South Bend, IN (NBC) begins broadcasting 1955 - Eighteen Nobel laureates sign the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons, later

 co-signed by thirty-four others.

1956 - Beverly Hanson/Kathy Cornelius wins LPGA Hot Springs Golf Invitational 1956 - Iharos runs world record 10k (28:42.8) 1957 - Dutch Super Constellation crashes near New Guinea, 56 die 1957 - US performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site 1958 - Pres Eisenhower sends US troops to Lebanon; they stay 3 months 1958 - US marines deployed in Lebanon 1959 - The steel strike of 1959 begins, leading to significant importation of foreign steel for the first time in United States history.

1960 - Balt Orioles' Brooks Robinson goes 5 for 5 including the cycle 1961 - "Donnybrook!" closes at 46th St Theater NYC after 68 performances 1961 - 90th British Golf Open: Arnold Palmer shoots a 284 at Royal Birkdale 1961 - Spain accept equal rights for men & women 1962 - Algeria becomes member of Arab League 1962 - Mickey Wright wins LPGA Milwaukee Golf Open 1962 - Neth & Indonesia accord over New-Guinea 1963 - KAIT TV channel 8 in Jonesboro, AR (ABC) begins broadcasting 1963 - Paul McCartney is fined £17 for speeding 1964 - Barry M Goldwater (Sen-R-Az) nominated for president by Republicans 1965 - "Mariner IV" sends back 1st pictures of Mars 1965 - Athanassiades Novas succeeds Papandreo as premier of Greece 1967 - "Sweet Charity" closes at Palace Theater NYC after 608 performances 1967 - LA Wolves beat Wash Wh

ips 6-5 in OT to be United Soccer Ass champs 1967 - Roberto DeVicenzo of Argentina wins golf's British Open 1967 - USSR performs nuclear Test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR 1968 - "One Life to Live" premieres on TV 1968 - Commercial air travel begins between US & USSR 1968 - France performs nuclear Test at Muruora Island 1968 - NJ Americans moved to Comack & become NY Nets (ABA) 1968 - Soap opera "One Life To Live" premieres 1969 - Cincinnati Red Lee May hits 4 HRs in a doubleheader 1969 - Rod Carew ties record with his 7th steal of home in a season 1970 - Denmark beats Italy 2-0 in 1st world female soccer championship 1971 - Pres Nixon announces he would visit People's Rep of China 1972 - 101st British Golf Open: Lee Trevino shoots 278 at Muirfield Gullane 1972 - Sandra Palmer/Jane Blalock wins Angelo

's Four-Ball Golf Championship 1973 - Calif Angel Nolan Ryan 2nd no-hitter beats Detroit Tigers, 6-0 1973 - Carole Jo Skala wins LPGA George Washington Golf Classic 1973 - Paul Getty III kidnapped 1973 - Ray Davies, announces retirement from Kinks then attempts suicide 1973 - Willie McCovey becomes 15th to hit 400 HRs 1974 - Military coup on Cyprus: archbishop/president Makarios flees 1975 - 46th All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 6-3 at County Stadium, Milwaukee 1975 - All star MVP: Bill Madlock (Pitts Pirates) & John Matlock (NY Mets) 1975 - Apollo 18 launched (will rendezvous with Soyuz) 1975 - Soyuz 19 & Apollo 18 launched; rendezvous 2 days later 1976 - 36-hr kidnap of 26 school children & their bus driver in Calif 1978 - 107th British Golf Open: Jack Nicklaus

 shoots a 281 at St Andrews 1979 - 34th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Jerilyn Britz 1979 - Morarji Desai resigns as premier of India 1980 - Johnny Bench hits his 314th HR as a catcher breaks Yogi Berra's record 1982 - Body of Wendy Caulfield, 1st Green River victim, found near Seattle 1982 - Columbia flies to Kennedy Space Center via Dyess AFB, Texas 1982 - Senate confirms George Shultz as 60th sec of state by vote of 97-0 1983 - 8 killed, 54 wounded, by Armenian extremists bomb at Orly, France 1983 - Linda Ronstadt debuts as Mabel in "Pirates of Penzance" 1984 - 39th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Hollis Stacy 1984 - John Lennon releases "I'm Stepping Out" 1985 - Deborah Carthy-Deu, of Puerto Rico, crowned 34th Miss Universe 1986 -

 57th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 3-2 at Astrodome, Houston 1986 - All star MVP: Roger Clemens (Boston Red Sox) 1987 - Boy George barred from British TV show, he may be a bad influence 1987 - John Poindexter testifies at Iran-Contra hearings 1987 - State of siege ends in Taiwan 1990 - 45th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Betsy King 1991 - France performs nuclear Test at Muruora Island 1991 - US troops leave northern Iraq 1991 - Sandhi Ortiz-DelValle is 1st woman to officiate a men's pro basketball (USBL) game, game between New Haven Skyhawks & Phila Spirit 1992 - Pope John Paul II hospitalized for 3 weeks to have tumor removed 1994 - Gyula Horn sworn in as premier of Hungary 1994 - Israel & Jordan agree to talks in Wash DC on July 25th 1994 - NJ Nets Derrek Coleman accused of rape in Detroit 1994 - Sonia O

'Sullivan runs 3K (8:21.64) 1995 - Birmingham Barracudas 1st CFL home game (vs Hamilton) 1995 - Jews take Jerusalem 3 Mummy of a man of middle age.

Resin has been poured on the linin wrappings. Skull - The mouth is closed, but some teeth are missing. An incisor and two premolars are lying in the nasal area. Artificial eyes are inserted in the orbits, but the eye in the left is displaced. There are no obvious fractures and the cervical spine appears intact. Thorax and Abdomen - The ribs and spinal column have no fractures or dislocations. There is a pectoral in the form of a bird with open wings, with a heart-scarab below it. A dense mass occupies the left thoracic apex; this is almost certainly a mixture of sand and mud. The four parcels of viscera fill the rest of the thorax. A large swab of linen has been pushed into the flank-incision which is covered by a metal plate. There is a large rounded granular mass in the pelvis. The pelvis and hips appear normal. Arms - Extended. Hands with fingers extended in pubic area. Legs - There is a large oval opacity between the thighs. This may represent a package of resin-impregnated linen possibly containing shed epidermis. No fractures, dislocations, or lines of arrested growth seen.

Base and lid of the anthropoid sycomore fig wooden coffin of Denytenamun, Priest of Amun: wooden mask with inlaid eyes, perhaps a portrait of the deceased, is inserted over the face; lid - polychrome painted wig and wide collar, overlaid with 'braces', hands in relief, representation of sun-god on solar-barque protects the breast with Osiris, flanked by Isis and Nephthys, with wings poised in a gesture of protection, below, a vertical register of hieroglyphs runs down the centre of the body and is flanked by six vignettes: 1 and 2) the deceased worships manifestations of the sun-god, 3 and 4) the cow of Hathor and the bull of Ptah-Sokar-Osiris stand before the western mountains and the tomb of the deceased, 5 and 6) the four Sons of Horus, with jackals beneath, the foot section is damaged in places; the base - is decorated with representations of funerary deities, in yellow outline on a dark ground; also some fragments of mummy-wrapping, some coated in resin, now removed from the coffin. Found in Thebes.

Question: Making possible the understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphs, what was discovered outside an Egyptian village by a French soldier on July 15, 1799?
Answer: The Rosetta Stone