Colonial Crafts 1607-1776 SCAVELMAN - one who kept the waterways and ditches clear WAINWRIGHT - one who built or repaired wagons WHEELWRIGHT - a person who repaired and made wheels and wheeled vehicles This list of colonial crafts just barely scratches the surface. Back in those days everybody had a specialty. And you can bet they were good at what they did. Let’s look at the importance of the colonial crafts, trades and arts. The things you needed back then would be somewhat the things you need today (except for the X-Box 360): Shelter, food, water, and sooner or later medical care. So the neighbors helped you get the log walls cut and stacked up for the house. But you need a roof, and for that you need a “Shingler”. This person made shakes, and the good ones were cedar. He did his work on a break and vice with axe, saw and draw knife. It was long and tedious work. As you can imagine one house would use up a lot. You would need a blacksmith because iron nails would be needed.

In the 1700’s settlers would burn the house down when they moved so as to reclaim nails and any ironwork that was used in the construction. Iron was that important. Colonial craftsmen wasted very little, and actually were pretty good recyclers. Incidentally iron back then was “wrought iron” and was a porous metal that had a lot of slag in it. Not very strong but very easy to forge. It was an important material to say the least. “Wrought” literally means to work by hand. Thus wrought iron was forged from a bloom of iron and slag, by hand. Composition of Wrought iron= 99–99.8%/Iron; 0.05–0.25%/Carbon; 0.01–0.1%/Manganese; 0.02–0.1%/Sulfur; 0.05–0.2%/Phosphorous, and 0.02–0.2%/Silicon. The colonial craftsmen and tradesmen would have to make sure they were done crafting their shelters by winter. That oversight was the single most critical reason for some failures in New England.

Well one would need clothing, plates, bowls, cooking utensils, some sort of storage for foodstuffs, and lighting (oil or candles). If the lighting choice is an oil lantern, then a tinsmith or brightsmith would be required to make the lamp. If its candle, you would probably make those your self. Generally, the women made candles in the fall. That’s when the butchering was done. They rendered tallow and that makes for some smelly candles. But at least you would have light. Did Ben Franklin say “early to bed early to rise makes a man healthy wealthy and wise”? I suppose Deborah (Ben’s wife) didn’t want to smell the candles. And that is more likely why they were in bed early. And if Deborah is happy, that’s healthy and wise for Ben! You would need a Cooper to make barrels to store your grains and foodstuffs. Storage would be of extreme importance as winter is coming. Don’t forget, mice have to eat also and the food you stored would suit them fine. It would have been very important that mice and insects be kept out of the food! Most women did their own sewing, but they bought a lot of their material.

A Milliner was a woman who bought and sold cloth and clothing. She would need a spinner and a weaver as well. It’s easy to see how everyone’s lives were tied together. So now you need shoes. Moccasins were big in those days. The men made them out of whatever hides they had. Deer were the most common. For a little more upscale one would use a Cobbler. This was truly a colonial craft, as it is today. The Cobbler used mostly cowhide for shoes. Most of the children followed in their parents’ footsteps. If your father was a Carpenter you were a Carpenter. If he was an Apothecary then chances are you would end up being a druggist too. I can only imagine what the women would think if they would know what handmade soap and quilts were worth today. I doubt they would believe it. So from humble beginnings, colonial crafts turned into American industry and 100 years after that it went crazy around here. But that’s another story. They say small business and small industry is the backbone of America.

Believe me, you can't get much closer to this truth than when you're with the great Craftsmen and Artists that we'll introduce you to on this website. Until we meet again, remember, American Manufacturing is alive and well at Brothers-Handmade. Come see what your neighbors are making. Colonial Occupations Search billions of records on Ancestry.com COLONIAL OCCUPATIONS Our early American colonists did not have quite the same employment opportunities as we do today. There were no TV producers, car salesmen, rocket scientists, and certainly no computer programmers. The first emigrants to America had occupations concerned primarily with simple, basic survival in the New World. They were, for the most part, skilled laborers, who could make things most of us now only dabble in as hobbies. Some occupational names were self-explanatory such as a blacksmith, locksmith, and gunsmith. Of course there were also occupations with names that are recognizable today - coroner, bookkeeper, barber, cabinet-maker, weaver, baker, brick-layer, accountant, printer and musician.

Other occupations included: ACATER: supplied food provisions, such as a ships chandler ACCIPITRARY a falconer or keeper and tamer of hawks ACCOMPANT: an accountant ACCOUCHEUR / ACCOUCHEUS: one who assisted women in childbirth ACCOUTREMENT MAKER / ACCOUTRE: a supplier of military accessories ACRE-MAN / ACKERMAN: a man who ploughed or cultivated the land ACTUARY: a statistician who computed insurance risks and premiums AGENT: a person who acted on behalf of a company or another person AGRICULTURIST: a person involved with land cultivation or animal husbandry ALABASTERER: one who worked with alabaster ALCHEMIST: a medieval chemist who claimed to be able to turn base metals into gold ALE DRAPER: [obsolete] an ale-house keeper ALE TASTER: an English officer appointed in every court leet, and sworn to inspect ale beer, and bread, and examine the quality and quantity within his precints ALE TUNNER: a person employed by the brewery to fill ale casks called "tuns" with ale ALEWIFE a woman who kept an alehouse or tavern ALL SP

ICE: grocer ALMONER: an officer who distributed charity or alms; by ancient law every monastery was to disperse a tenth of its income in alms to the poor, and all bishops were obliged to keep an almoner ALMSMAN: a person supported by charity or one who lived on alms ALNAGER: official who examined the quality of woolen goods and stamped them with the town seal of approval AMANUENSIS: one who is employed to take dictation or to copy manuscript AMBER CUTTER: a person who cut ambergris ANCHOR SMITH: one who made anchors ANCHORESS: a female hermit or religious recluse ANCHORITE: a person who has retired into seclusion for religious reasons ANKLE BEATER: a young person who helped to drive the cattle to market ANNATTO MAKER: a person who worked in the manufacture of dyes for paint or printing ANTIGROPELOS MAKER: a person who made waterproof leggings ANVIL SMITH: a person who made anvils and hammers for blacksmiths APIARIANA: beekeeper APOTHECARY: a druggist APPRENTICE: one who was bound to a skilled worker for

 a specified time to learn a trade APRONMAN: [obsolete] a laboring man; a mechanic AQUAVITA SELLER: liquor seller ARBITER: a witness or judge ARCHER: a person skilled in using a bow and arrow ARCHIATOR: a physician ARCHIVIST: one who kept historical records ARGOLET: a mounted bowman ARKWRIGHT: a skilled craftsman who produced "arks" (wooden chests or coffers) ARMIGER: one entitled to bear arms, such as knight or esquire ARMOURER: one who made suits of armour or plates of armour for buildings or ships ARPENTEUR: a land-surveyor ARTIFICER: a blacksmith; one who made fuses, grenades, shells, etc.

ARTISAN: a skilled tradesman ASHMAN: a dustman ASSAY MASTER: a person who determined the amount of gold or silver to go in coins ASSAYER: one who examined characteristics (weight, measure or quality) to determine a value AUGER MAKER: one who made the carpenters augers for boring holes in wood AULNAGER: See Alnager AVENATOR: a hay and forage merchant AVOWRY: term for the lord of the manor AXLE TREE MAKER / AXLE TREE TURNER: one who made axles for coaches and waggons BACKMAKER: a person who made "backs", vats, tubs, a Cooper BACKSTER: [obsolete] originally, a female baker; later, a baker of either sex BACK'US BOY: kitchen servant BADGER: a licensed pauper who wore a badge with the letter "P" on it and could only work in a defined area; a corn miller or dealer; an itinerant food trader BADGY FIDDLER: a boy trumpeter in the military BAGMAN: a travelling salesman; one who showed samples and solicits order for a manufacturer BAGNIOKEEPER: a person in charge of

 a bath house or brothel BAILIFF: [1] a court attendant entrusted with duties such as the maintenance of order in a courtroom during a trial; [2] an official who assisted a British sheriff and who had the power to execute writs, processes, and arrests; [3] (chiefly British) an overseer of an estate; a steward BALISTER: [obsolete] a cross-bowman BAIRMAN / BAREMAN: pauper, beggar BALANCER: a person employed in the coal mines to operate the "balance" which is a slope with a pulley at the top where empty coal tubs pulled full tubs up the slope BALER: one who bales of hay BALLAD MONGER: one who sold printed ballads on the street BALLAST HEAVER: a person who loaded ballast into the hold of empty ships BALLER UP: a person who assisted the potter by measuring out the balls of clay BAND FILER: a metal worker in the gun making industry BANDSTER: [obsolete] one who bound sheaves after reapers during a harvest BANG BEGGAR: [slang] a constable who carried a strong staff BANKER: a person who dug trenches and

 ditches to allow drainage of the land, placing the surplus earth in banks around the edge BANKS MAN: [1] an overseer at a coal mine; [2] a bank manager BANQUETER: a broker or banker BARBER-CHIRURGEON - a person who practiced surgery and was a barber; in the 18th century an Act was passed that limited Barbers to hair-cutting, shaving, dentistry and blood letting BARD: a poet or minstral BARGEMAN: one who worked on or owned and operated a barge BARKEEPER: a tollkeeper BARM BREWER: a person who made yeast BARREL FILER: a person employed in the gun manufacturing industry BARTONER / BARTON: a person in charge of the monastic farm, also known as a barton BASIL WORKER: a person who worked with sheep and goat skins BASKETMAN: person who made baskets and furniture from wicker; one employed to empty the basket of coal being offloaded from the colliers into the barges BATHING MACHINE PROPRIETOR: one who owned and hired the changing huts used at the seaside in the 18th and 19th centuries by

 bathers BATMAN: an officer's servant in the army BATTLEDORE MAKER: a person who made the beaters used on clothes, carpets, etc.

to remove the dust BAWD: a procurer or procuress for a house of prostitution BAXTER: [obsolete] a baker BAYWEAVER: one who wove bay, a fine woollen fabric also known as baize BEADLE: a town crier or warrant officer; a lowly parish officer appointed to keep order in church, punish petty offenders, and act as a servant or messenger of the parish BEAMSTER: the man who worked at the beam in a tannery BEAVER: one who made felt used in hat making BEDMAN: a sexton BEDDER: [1] an upholsterer; [2] one who took care of the breeding or birthing of cattle; [3] a bed-maker BEDWEAVER: a person who made the webbing for bed frames, also a person who wove quilts BEESKEPMAKER: beehive maker BEEKEEPER / BEEMASTER: a person who raised and kept bees for their honey BELL FOUNDER: one who made bells BELL HANGER: the person who installed bells in churches BELLMAN: a town crier employed to make public announcements in the streets BELL RINGER: one in charge

 of ringing the town's church bells BELLOWFARMER: person responsible for the care and maintenance of the church organ BELLOWS MAKER: a person who made bellows used for organs or blacksmiths' fires BELLY BUILDER: a person who built and fitted the interiors of pianos BENDER: a person who cut leather BERNER: [obsolete] a man in charge of a pack of hounds BESOM MAKER: [obsolete] one who made brooms BIBLIOTHECARY: a librarian BIDDY: female servant usually of Irish stock BID-STAND: [obsolete] one who bade travelers to "stand and deliver"; a highwayman or robber BILL POSTER: a person who put up notices, signs and advertisements BINDER: one who bound items such as books BIRD BOY: a person employed to scare away birds from crops BIRD CATCHER; a person who caught birds for selling BIRDS NEST SELLER: a person who sold birds nest collected from the wild complete with eggs; these were then hatched by domestic birds and sold as pets BLACKING MAKER: a person who made polish for shoes BLACK BORDERER: a person who made black edged stationery for fun

erals BLADESMITH: swordmaker or knife maker BLEMMERE: a plumber BLOCKCUTTER / BLOCKER: a person who made wooden blocks used in the hat trade; a person who laid down the blocks on which a ships keel was laid BLOCK MAKER: a person who engraved the blocks used in the printing trade BLOCK PRINTER: a printer who used wooden blocks for printing BLOODLETTER / BLOODMAN: the person who used leeches for letting blood, thought to be a cure for many ailments BLOOMER: a person who produced iron from ore BLOWER: [1] a glass blower; [2] a person who operated a "blowing machine" used to clean and separate fibres in the textile trade; [3] a person who operated the bellows at a blacksmiths BLUESTOCKING female writer BOARDING OFFICER: one who inspected ships before entering port BOARDWRIGHT: a carpenter BOATMAN: a person who worked on a boat, predominately on rivers and canals; boat repairer BOATSWAIN: an officer in charge of the sails and rigging BOBBER: [1] a person who polished metals; [2] person who helped to unload fishing

 boats BOCHER: [obsolete] butcher BODEYS MAKER / BODY MAKER: a person who made bodices for womens garments BODGER: a craftsman who made wooden chair legs and the spars BOILERMAKER: one who worked with metal in any industrial setting BOILER PLATER: a person who made rolled iron plate used to make boilers for steam engines BOLTER: a person who sifted meal BONDAGER: a female worker on a farm who was bonded BONDMAN: a person bonded to a master for the purpose of learning a skill or trade BONE BUTTON TURNER: a person who made buttons using a lathe BONE LACE MAKER: one who made pillow lace BONE PICKER: See Rag Picker BONESETTER: a person who set broken bones BONIFACE: an innkeeper BOOK GUILDER: one who decorated books with gold leaf BOONMASTER: a surveyor of roads with the responsibilities of maintaining and repairing the road BOOT-CATCHER: the person at an inn whose business was to pull off boots BOOTBINDER: one employed to operate the machines which bound footware BOOT CLOSER: an employee who worked in the shoe trade stitching together all the parts of a shoe upper

 BOOTHMAN: a corn merchant BORLERA: a person who made cheap coarse clothing BOTCHER: a cobbler; a tailor; an unskilled laborer BOTTILER / BOTTLER: a person who made leather containers for holding liquids such as wine flasks or water bottles BOTTLE BOY: a pharmacist's assistant BOWLER: [1] a person who made bowls and dishes; [2] one who made the rounded part of spoons before casting BOWLMAN: a dealer in crockery BOWYER: [archaic] a person in the bow trader; an archer BRABENER: a weaver BRACHYGRAPHER: a person who wrote short hand BRAKEMAN / BRAKESMAN: a person who operated the winch at the pit head; a person who operated the braking mechanism on trains and trams BRASIATOR: a brewer of ale BRASS FINISHER: one who polished brass goods BRASS CUTTER: a person who made copperplate engravings BRASS FOUNDER: one who cast brass BRAYER: a person who ground things up in a mortar BRAZIER: one who works in brass BREACH MAKER: a

 person who made the breach for guns BREWSTER: a female brewer BRICKBURNER / BRICKMAKER: a person who used a kiln to make bricks BRICKMAN / BREAKMAN: a bricklayer BRIDEWELL KEEPER: the person in charge of a lock-up or jail BRIDGEMAN: toll keeper at bridges BRIGHTSMITH: tinsmith BROADCLOTH WEAVER: a person who operated a wide loom BROAD COOPER: a person employed as a go-between for the brewery and the innkeepers BROGGER: a wool merchant BROOM DASHER: a dealer in brooms BROOM SQUIRE: one who made brooms from birch BROWDERER / BROIDERER: an embroiderer BROWNSMITH: a person who worked with copper or brass BUCK WASHER: a laundress BUCKLER / BUCKLESMITH: a person who made buckles BUCKLE TONGUE MAKER: a person who made the metal points that go in the holes of a belt BULLWHACKER: a bullock or oxen driver BUMBOAT MAN: one who met ships at anchor, with goods for passengers and crew

 to purchase BUNTER: a rag and bone woman BURLER: one who dresses or readies cloth for sale by removing flaws, knots, or imperfections BURMAIDEN: [also BOWERMAIDEN] - a chambermaid or lady in waiting BURYEMAN: a grave digger BUSKER: [obsolete] a hair dresser BUSS MAKER: a maker of guns BUTNER: button maker CABBIE: driver of a small horse drawn passenger vehicle CAD: a person employed to feed and water horses at coach stops CADDY BUTCHER: horse meat butcher CADGER: a beggar CAINER: a person who made walking sticks CALCINER: a person who burnt bones to make powdered lime CALENDER: a person who listed documents CALKER: an astrologer or magician CAMBIST: a banker or one who dealt in notes and bills CAMBRIC MAKER: a person who made a fine linen or cotton fabric called cambric CAMERIST: a lady's maid CANDLE MAKER / CANDLER: one who made and sold candles CANDY MAN: [1] an itinerant candy salesman; [1] {England} a bailiff or process server CANER: a

 person who made the seats for chairs out of woven cane CANTER: a beggar or vagrant CANTING CALLER: an auctioneer CANVASER: a person who made canvas CAPE MERCHANT: the head merchant in a factory CAPER: a cap maker CAPTAIN: [1] a person in charge of a ship or a group of soldiers; [2] an overseer CARDER: one who carded wool CARDMAKER: [1] A person who made the handheld implement used for carding wool and cotton; [2] the maker of playing cards CARNIFEX: [obsolete] an executioner or butcher CARTER: a wagoner, stable headman, or charioteer CARTOGRAPHER: a map maker CARTOMANCER: a fortune teller who used cards CART WHEELER: one who made cart wheels CARTWRIGHT: one who made carts or wagons CASTER / CASTOR: maker of small bottles used for sprinkling salt, pepper, sugar, etc.

CASTRATOR: [also GELDER] one who castrated farm animals CATTLE JOBBER: a person who bought and sold cattle CAULKER: a person who made boats watertight by caulking the seams CELLARMAN: one who looked after the beer, wines and spirits in public houses or the warehouse CHAFFERER: a dealer in chaff CHAISE MAKER: wicker cart maker CHALONER: blanket maker CHAMBERLAIN: a steward to either royalty or nobility, in charge of the household CHAMBERMAID: a female servant who attended to the bedrooms in a house or inn CHAMBERMASTER: a shoemaker who worked in his own home CHANDLER: originally, one who made or sold candles; a retail dealer in provisions, groceries, etc.

CHANTY MAN: the sailor who led the singing on board ship CHAPELER: a person who made and sold hats CHAPMAN: an itinerant peddler or one who kept a booth in a marketplace CHARCOAL BURNER: a person who made charcoal usually in the woods where the trees were cut CHARWOMAN: a cleaning woman hired by the day CHASER: engraver CHEESEMAN / CHEESE MONGER: cheese dealer CHRONOLOGIST: one who recorded official events of historical importance CLICKER: a merchant's servant who would stand at the door and invite customers into the store; a foreman in a shoemaker's shop CLOD-HOPPER: a ploughman or agriculture laborer CLOGGER: one who made wooden shoes for sale CLOTHIER / CLOTHESMAN: a person who made or sold clothes CLOWER: a person who made nails COACHMAN: a person who drove any coach COAL HEAVER: one who unloaded coal from ships COALMAN: a person who sold coal usually from a horse and cart, house to house COALY: a coal heaver COCKFEEDER: a person who looked after fighting cocks CODMAN:

 a fish seller COGMEN: men who bought and sold a coarse cloth called cogware COILLOR: [obsolete] a collector COISTSELL: a groom in charge of the care of a knight's horse COLLAR MAKER: a person who made collars COLLIER: a coal miner or coal merchant COLPORTEUR: an itinerant book salesman, most often one employed by a society to travel about and sell or distribute Bibles and religious writings CONEY CATCHER: a rabbit catcher CONFECTIONERY: a maker of sweets; sometimes, one who made medicines or poisons CONNOR: one who tested, examined, or inspected COOPER: one who made or repaired wooden casks, kegs or tubs COPEMAN - [1] a dishonest merchant, especially in horses; [2] a receiver of stolen goods COPER: a horse dealer COPPERSMITH: one who worked with copper CORDER: a colonial official whose duty was to verify cords of wood before sale CORDWAINER: a shoemaker or worker of leather CORK CUTTER: one who worked with cork CORN CUTTER: a podiatrist COSTERMONGER: originally, a seller of apples; a fruiterer

, especially in the open street COTELER / COTYLER: one who made and repaired knives COUPER: one who bartered, dealt, or bought and sold COURANTEER: a journalist, reporter, or newspaper publisher COURTIER: the owner and driver of a horse and cart known as a court COWHERD: a cow keeper; one who tended cows COWPER: one who made wooden items CRACKER BOY - a boy employed to clean and sort slate and other impurities from the coal crushed by the crackers (machines that crush anthracite coal) CRAFTIMAN: a craftsman CRAMER: a peddlar who sold books in the marketplace; a hawker CRATE MAN: a person who sold eathenware door to door CRIMPET MAKER: a person who baked crumpets CROCKER: one who made crockery; potter CROFTER: a tenant who worked a small piece of ground, having another vocation, such as fishing CROOKMAKER: a person who made shepherd's crooks and walking sticks CROPPER: a tenant who worked a piece of ground and got a portion of the crop in payment CROWNER: a coroner

 CURER: one who cured tobacco CURRIER: a craftsman who treated animal skins with oil or grease CUTLER: one who made, dealt, and sharpened knives, scissors, and other cutting instruments DAIRYMAN: a man who rented, owned, or managed a dairy and made his living by selling dairy products DAMSTER: in logging operations, one who supervised the building of a dam DAY LABORER: a man who worked on a hire-by-the-day basis DECOYMAN: a person employed to decoy the wild fowl, animals, etc.

into a trap or within shooting range DELVER: ditch digger DIKER: one who built dikes or dug ditches or trenches DISHER / DISH THROWER: a person who made bowls and dishes DISH TURNER: one who made wooden bowls or dishes DOCK MASTER: a person in charge of a dockyard DOG BREAKER: dog trainer DOMESMAN: a judge DOOR-KEEPER: a janitor, porter, or guard DOWSER: a person who claimed to be able to find water using a forked stick or dowsing stick DRAINER: a person who made drains DRAPER: originally, a maker of woolen cloth, later a dealer in cloths of all kinds DRAWER: one who drew and served liquor for tavern customers DRAYMAN: one who drove a cart carrying heavy loads, often used in connection with a brewery DRESSER: [1] one who dressed another (a tirewoman); [2] surgeon's assistant in a hospital DRESSMAKER: clothing maker DRIVER: the overseer of a group of slaves DROVER: a driver of sheep and cattle DRYSALTER - one who dealt in salted or dried meats, pickles, sauces, chemical, and dyes D

UFFER: a peddler or hawker who sold cheap or trashy goods DUSTMAN: a janitor or garbageman DYER: one who dyed material EGGLER: an egg or poultry dealer ELYMAKER: oilmaker EMBOSSER: a person who moulded or carved designs that were raised above the surface of the material EMPRESARIO: a man who performed a specific deed, such a importing a certain number of settlers, in return for land grants and power; land broker, settlement scheme promoter, showman EMPTOR: a buyer ENGRAVER / ETCHER: one who cut or carved designs or lettering in metal or stone ENUMERATOR: census taker ESSENCE PEDDLER: one who sold medicines, flavorings, elixirs, etc.

EXCISEMAN: a government official who collected excises (taxes) EYER: a person who made eyes in needles used for sewing; also called a Holer FACTOR: a commissioned agent; one who sold goods for another in his own name and received a commission FAGETTER: a person who made up faggots into bundles; seller of firewood FANNER: one who winnowed (separated the chaff from the grain by means of air movement) grain with a fan FARRIER: a blacksmith or horse-shoer FASHIONER: one who fashioned or formed anything, especially clothing FEATHER-BEATER: one who cleaned feathers FEATHER-DRESSER: a person who cleaned and prepared feathers for sale FEATHERMAN: a dealer in feathers and plumes FELLER: a woodcutter FELLMONGER: one who removed hair or wool from hides in preparation for leather making; a dealer in animal skins and hides, especially sheepskin FELTER: a worker in the hatting industry FENCE VIEWER: a person legally appointed to inspect and report on the condition of fences.

FERRER: a smith who worked in iron FISH FAG: a woman who sold fish FLAX DRESSER: one who prepared flax prior to spinning FLESHER: [1] a butcher; [2] one who worked in a tannery FLESHMONGER: one who dealt in flesh; a pimp FLETCHER: a maker of and dealer in bows and arrows FLOATER: a vagrant FLUSHERMAN: a person who cleaned out water mains FLYING STATIONER: a street broadsheet seller FOGGER: [1] a peddlar who carried small wares from village to village; [2] a low-class lawyer; [3] a middleman in the nail and chain trade; [4] an agricultural laborer who fed cattle FOOT-BOY: a servant or attendent in livery FOOT-MAIDEN: a female attendant FOOTMAN: a servant who would run errands among his other duties FORGER: blacksmith FORESTALLER: one who bought goods before they come to market with the intention of raising the price FOSSETMAKER: a person who made faucets for ale-casks FRAME SPINNER: a worker on a loom FRINGEMAKER

: one who made fringes or ornamental borders of cloth FRIPPERER: one who bought and sold old clothes FRISEUR: a hair dresser FRUITERER: a person who bought and sold fruit FRUITESTERE: a female fruit seller FULKER: a pawnbroker or money lender FULLER: a person who fulled cloth by increasing the weight and bulk of fabric by shrinking, beating, or pressing it FURBISHER: a person who polished armor FURNER: a baker; one in charge of the ovens FURRIER: one who bought, sold, and/or made furs FUSTIAN WEAVER: a maker of corduroy GAFFER: a headman or foreman of a work gang GANGREL: a vagrant or roving beggar GANNEKER: an alehouse keeper GARCION: a servingman or groom, usually a young man or boy GATER: a watchman GELDER: castrator of animals, especially horses GILDER: one whose occupation was to overlay an item with gold leaf GINOUR: an engineer GIRDLER: one who made girdles GLAZIER: a glass cutter; a person who glazed pottery, paper

, etc.

GOLDSMITH: a banker; one who dealt in articles made of gold; a craftsman who makes vessels and ornaments of gold GOOSE HERD: one who herded geese GOOSE HERDER: an itinerant tailor GRACE WIFE: a midwife GRAFFER: a notary or scrivener GRAINER: one who produced artifical grain in wood GRANGER: a farmer, bailiff, or steward of a farm GRAVER: one who carved or engraved letters or figures in stone GRAZIER: one who pastured and raised cattle for market GREEN GROCER: a retailer of greens GREENSMITH: worker in copper or latten GRINDER: one who operated a grinding machine in any of several trades GUMMER: a person who improved old saws by deepening the cuts HABERDASHER: a person who sold men's furnishings such as hats, shirts, neckties, handkerchiefs, gloves, etc. HACKNER: one who made or used hoes, mattocks, etc.

HACKNEY MAN: one who rented horses and carriages HAIRWEAVER: weaver of cloth composed wholly or partly of horsehair HAND WOMAN: a midwife; a female attendant HARLOT: [1] loose woman; [2] vagabond, beggar, rogue; [3] male servant, attendant or menial HARPER: a performer on the harp HATCHELER: one who cleaned or dressed flax HAWKER: an itinerant peddler or huckster HAYMONGER: a dealer in hay HAYWARD: an officer formerly charged with the repair of cattle fences and the retention of cattle in the town common.

HEDGER: one who planted or trimmed hedges HEELMAKER: one who made shoe heels HENCHMAN: a horseman or groom HEWER: a miner who cut coal, stone; a face worker in a mine HIGGER: a person who peddled merchandise HIGHWAYMAN: a robber who worked the public roads HIND a farm laborer, household or domestic servant HOBBLER: [1] a soldier on horseback; [2] one who towed a boat with a rope along a river bank HOD: a bricklayer's laborer HOOPER: a cooper; one who put the hoops on casks or tubs HORNER: a worker in horn making spoons, combs, or musical horns HORSE-CAPPER: a dealer in worthless horses HORSE COPER: a horse dealer or breeder HORSE COURSER: a man who keeps race horses HORSE LEECH: veterinarian HOSIER: a retailer of stockings, socks, gloves, nightcaps, etc.

HOSTLER: [1] a stableman or groom; [2] one who serviced railroad engines HOSTELER: one who received and lodged guests HOUSE JOINER: one who built house frames HOUSEWRIGHT: a carpenter or house builder HOYMAN: a person who engaged in the carriage of goods and passengers by water HUCKSTER: a peddler or salesman ICEMAN: an ice dealer; one who delivered ice to customers INFIRMARIAN: a person in charge of an infirmary INNHOLDER: an innkeeper INTENDANT: a director of a public or government business INTERFACTOR: a murderer IRONMASTER: the owner or manager of an iron foundry IRONMONGER: a dealer in iron and hardware IRON SMITH: blacksmith; worker in iron IVORY WORKER: one who made such things as piano keys, combs, billard balls, and buttons JACK: a young male assistant, sailor, or lumberjack JACKSMITH: a maker of lifting machinery JAGGER: a carrier, carter, peddler or hawker; in mining, a man who carried ore on a pack-horse from a mine to the smelter; a boy who had charge of the jags

 or train or trucks in a coal mine JAKES-FARMER: one who emptied cesspools JOBBER: [1] a person who bought in quantity and sold to individual dealers; [2] one who worked by the job or did piecework; [3] a person who worked in an official capacity and was dishonest, using the office for his own gain JOBMASTER: Supplied carriages, horses and drivers for hire JOINER / JOYNER: a carpenter who did interior finish work by joining pieces of wood JONGLEUR: an itinerant minstrel JOURNEYMAN: one who served an apprenticeship and was no longer bound to serve a master JOUSTER: hawker or peddler of fish KEDGER: a fisherman, or one who peddled fish KEELMAN: a bargeman KEMPSTER: a wool comber KIDDIER: [1] skinner; [2] dealer in young goats KNACKER: [1] one who made harnesses; [2] one who bought old horses and sells the flesh for dog meat, etc.; [3] one who bought and wrecked old houses and sells the various parts KNELLER: a chimmney sweep who

 solicited customers by knocking on doors KNOCKKNOBBLER: a person whose duty it was to chase dogs out of church if they became a nuisance KNOLLER: bell toller LACEMAN: a dealer in lace LACEWOMAN: a lady's maid LANDS JOBBER: one who bought land on speculation and sold it to others LANDSMAN: an inexperienced sailor LAND WAITER: a customs official who examined, weighed, and took account of goods that had just been landed (off a ship) LASTER: one who worked or shaped shoes on a last [the mold of the human foot made of wood and used to shape shoes] LATTENER: a maker of or worker in latten, a mixed metal of yellow color, either identical with or closely resembling brass LAUNDERER: a person who washed linen LAVENDAR: a washerwoman LEGERDEMAINIST: magician LEIGHTONWARD: a gardener LIGHTERMAN: one who owns or is employed on a lighter, a large flat-bottomed barge used to unload and load ships where the water is too shallow for the ships to dock LIMNER: one who illuminated books or parchments; one who paints or draws LINENER: a linen

 draper; shirtmaker LINKERMAN: a person who carried a link or torch to guide people through city streets at night for a small fee LISTER: one who kept a list of persons being taxed and their property LITSTER: a dyer; one who dyed fabrics LOADSMAN / LODESMAN: a pilot of a ship or boat LOBLOLLY BOY: a ship's doctor assistant LOCK KEEPER: overseer of canal locks LONGSHOREMAN: one who worked on the waterfront loading and unloading ships LORESMAN: a teacher LORIMER: a maker of bits and metal mounting for horse bridles, generally a maker of small ironware and a worker in wrought iron LUNGS: a servant whose duty was to blow the fire of an alchemist MADERER: one who gathered and sold garlic MALEMAKER: a maker of 'Males' or travelling bags MALENDER: a farmer MALSTER: one who made or dealt in malt MANGLE KEEPER: a woman who offered use of the mangle to others for a fee MANTUAMAKER: a dressmaker MASON: a stonecutter; one who worked with stone or brick MASTER: a skilled workman or

 one in business on his own MASTER MARINER: the commander of a ship MASTER OF THE ROLLS: an equity judge MATCHET FORGER: knifemaker, or machete maker MEADER: a mower MEALMAN: dealer in meal or flour MECHANIC: [1] Manual laborer; [2] Operator of a machine MEDICINE PEDDLER: an itinerant salesman who dealt in herbs, elixers, pills, etc.

which were bought in large batches and sold under his own label MELDER: a corn miller MENAGE-MAN: an itinerant vendor who sold goods to be paid for in installments MERCATOR: a merchant MERCER: a person who dealt in costly fabrics, especially silks MERCHANT: an occupation that might mean anything involving the buying and selling of a variety of products MESSENGER: [1] (Plymouth Colony) a constable; [2] (England) one who was appointed by a court to handle certain duties in a bankruptcy case METALMAN: a worker in metals METERER: a poet MIDSHIPMAN: usually, a wealthy second or third son who could not inherit MIDWIFE: a woman experienced in the birthing process who helped other women in the birth of a child MILLER: one who owned or operated a flour mill MILLERESS: miller's wife MILLINER: [1] a seller of fancy wares and articles of apparel; [2] a maker of ladies hats and bonnets MILLWRIGHT: one who planned and built mills or mill machinery MINER: a worker in a mine, such as coal, iron, etc.

MINT MASTER: the person in charge of a mint MIXER: bartender MONEY-SCHRIVENER: a person who raised money for others MOULDER: one who made molds for casting or one who molded clay into bricks MUDLARK: sewer cleaner, riverbank scavenger MUFFIN MAN: itinerant seller of muffins MULESKINNER: a mule driver MULETEER: one who drove a team of mules MULTURER: a miller NAVIGATOR: a laborer digging canals and later, railways NECESSARY WOMAN: servant responsible for emptying and cleaning chamber pots NECKER: a worker responsible for the feeding of cardboard into the machine that makes boxes NEDELLER: one who made needles NETTER: a net maker NIGHT SOILMAN: one employed to empty cesspits, ashpits and backyard toilets NIGHT MAGISTRATE: a constable NIGHTWALKER: a watchman or bellman NIMGIMMER: doctor, surgeon, or apothecary NOB-THATCHER: one who made wigs OILMAN: a person who sold the oil for lamps OLITOR: a kitchen gardener ORDERLY: a non-commissioned officer or private in the miitary

 service assigned to look after the needs of superior officers or to carry orders or messages ORDINARY KEEPER: innkeeper OSTREGER: a keeper of goshawks OSTLER: See Hostler PACKMAN: a peddler, or person who travelled around carrying goods for sale in a pack PACKER: one who packed goods for preservation, such as pickles or herring PAINTRESS: a woman employed in the pottery industry to hand-paint the finished articles PALING MAN: one who dealt in eels; fishmonger PAN SMITH: one who made pans; metalworker PANTER: keeper of the pantry PARKER: one who kept a park; a caretaker PASSAGE KEEPER: a person who kept passages and alleys clean PASTELER: a pastry maker PASTOR: a shepherd or herdsman PAVER: one who maintained pavements; a person who laid paving stones PAVYLER: one who put up pavilions or tents PAWNBROKER: one who loaned money with interest against items of value left for security PEAGER: a toll-keeper PEDAILE: a footman; a foot soldier PEDDLER: a person who traveled from place to place selling small goods P

ELTERER: a person who worked with animal skins PERFUMER: a maker or seller of perfumes PERCHEMEAR: one who made parchment PERIWIG MAKER: a wigmaker PETTIFOGGER: a small time lawyer retained by a small or mean business PETTY CHAPMAN: an itinerant dealer in small goods, a peddler PEW OPENER: a person hired to open the doors to private pews in church PHARMAOPOEIST: a person who sold medicines; an apothecary PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT MAKER: a maker of scientific instruments PICAROON: a pirate, or a pirate's ship; a thief, adventurer, or rogue PIECE BROKER: one who sold material remnants PIGMAKER: a person who made pig or cast iron; pottery worker PIGMAN: [also MUGGER] a seller of crockery PIKELET MAKER: baker who specialised in making small pancakes or crumpets PIKEMAN: a miller's assistant PIKER: tramp or vagrant PILL BOX LIDDER: one responsible for making the lids of pill boxes in the pottery trade PILLER: a robber PILOT

: one licensed to steer ships through difficult waters PINDER: a person whose duty was to catch and confine stray animals PINER: [1] a pioneer; [2] a laborer PINNER: a pin maker PINNER UP: [1] a dressmakers assistant; [2] person who sold broadsheets or ballads in the streets PIPER: an innkeeper PITMAN: a coal miner; one who worked in a pit PLAIN WORKER: one who performed plain sewing or needlework as opposed to an embroiderer PLAITER: one who made straw plaits used in making hats PLANKER: one who planks or kneads the body of the hat during felting PLOUGH JOGGER: a plowman PLOWMAN: a farm worker; a husbandman PLOWRIGHT: one who made or repaired plows PLUMASSIER / PLUMER: a person who made or sold plumes, ornamental feathers PLUMBUM MAN: a plumber; one who worked with lead pipes POINTER: someone who sharpened needles or pins POLEMAN: a surveyor's assistant PONDERATOR: an inspector of weights and measures PORTABLE SOUP MAKER: a person who converted soup into a dry form

 for transporting from place to place PORTER: [1] a pallbearer; [2] a doorman POSTILLION: one who worked on long distance coaches and whose duty it was to change the horses at stops POST RIDER: one who carrierd mail over a post road POTATO BADGER: a potato seller POT BOY: person who worked in public houses washing and removing dirty pots and other menial jobs POTTER: one who made or peddled pottery or earthenware vessels POTTER CARRIER: a chemist or pharmacist POUCH MAKER: a person who made pouches or purses POULTER: one who dealt in poultry POYNTER: lace maker PRESTIDIGITATOR: a magician; a juggler; one who juggles words PRICKER: witch hunter PUBLICAN: [1] an inkeeper or tavern keeper; [2] a person who collected fees of any kind such as tithes, tolls, tributes, customs, etc.

PUGGER: usually a woman or child employed by brick manufacturers to produce clay paste by treading PULLEYMAKER: one who made pulleys for hoists PUMPMAKER: a person who made pumps QUILLER: a person who operated a machine that wound yarn onto spools QUILTER: a person who quilted material QUISTER: one who bleached things RAG CUTTER: someone who cut up rags into small pieces to be used for making paper RAG GATHERER: usually children, employed to clear the rags from the machinery in the mills RAG MAN: a person who went from street to street collecting and selling old clothes and rags RAG AND BONE MAN: one who went from street to street with a cart and collected any old rubbish RAG PICKER: a person who sorted through the leftover rags to find reusable ones RATONER: a rat catcher REVENUER: taxman who enforced tax laws on liquor RIGGER: one who worked with the rigging of a ship RIPPER: a person who brought fish inland to the market RIVERMAN - unlicensed employee of a river boat, such as agent, barker, bartender, clerk, cook, deck hand, etc.; usually does not

 refer to the owner, master, mate, or pilot, however, it is not always the case RODMAN: a surveryor's assistant who carried a leveling rod ROPER: a rope or net maker ROVER: an archer RUNNER: [1] a smuggler; [2] a messenger, collector, or agent RUSTLER: a cattle thief SADDLER: one who made saddles, harnesses, horse collars, bridles, etc.

SADDLE TREE MAKER: one who made the frames for saddles that the saddler used SALOONIST: a saloon keeper; one who promoted the idea of having saloons for drinking SALTER: a maker of and ealer in salt; a drysalter SANDESMAN: a messenger, envoy, or ambassador SAPPERS AND MINERS - soldiers who belonged to the engineer corps whose duty was to make trenches or saps SARTOR: a tailor SAWYER: one who cut timber into logs or boards SAY WEAVER - a weaver of say, a cloth of fine texture resembling serge SAYER: a poet SCAVELMAN: one who kept the waterways and ditches clear SCHOOLMASTER: teacher SCHRIMPSCHONGER: one who carved bone, ivory, etc.

into pieces of art SCRIBE - an official clerk transcriber; one who copied manuscripts before printing was developed SCRIMER: a fencing master SCRIPTURE READER: A person employed by the local clergy to go from house to house reading parts of the bible to try and encourage people to attend church;also read scriptures during some services SCRIVENER: a clerk or notary; formerly, a moneylender; a broker SCULLERY MAID: a female servant who performed all the menial tasks SCULLION: a male servant who performed all the menial tasks SEALER: an inspector who was elected by the town to put his "seal" or stamp of approval on items he inspected, tested and certified SEARCHER: one who was employed at a custom-house station to inspect incoming goods; a customs-man SEEDSMAN: one who dealt in seeds; a sower SEMI LORER: a person who made leather thongs SEMPSTRESS: seamstress SEWSTER: a seamstress SHANTY-MAN: a lumberman SHARECROPPER: a person who would farm ground owned by another, and divide the crops or the profits with the owner SHEARER: one who removed the fleece from sheep SHEARGRINDER:

 one who sharpened shears, scissors SHEARMAN: one who sheared cloth, metal, etc.

SHEATH MAKER: a person who made scabbards for swords SHEEPMAN: a person whose business was raising sheep; a sheepherder SHEPSTER: a female pattern cutter; a dressmaker SHINGLER: a roof tiler who used wooden tiles or shingles SHOESMITH: a cobbler; one who shod horses SHIP MASTER: the owner or commander of a ship SHIPWRIGHT: a carpenter skilled in building and repairing ships SHOE-FINDER: a person who sold shoemakers' tools and appliances SHOE-WIPER: a servant whose duty it was to clean shoes SHORESMAN: a person who made his living on the shore in the fishery business; a shore-gunner SHRAGER: a person who trimmed and pruned trees SILK THROWSTER: a person who wound, twisted, spun, or threw silk fibers in preparation for weaving SILVER SMITH: a person who worked with silver SKEPPER: a person who made and sold beehives SKINKER: a tapster; one who drew ale SKINNER: one who dealt in animal skins; a mule driver SLATER: one who slated roofs SLOP SELLER: a person who sold

 cheap, ready-made garments SMELTER: [1] one who worked in a smelter melting down ores; [2] a fisherman who fished for smelts SMITH: one who made or repaired metal items SNOBBER: a shoemaker or cobbler SNOW WARDEN: a person whose duty was to make sure the snow was evenly dispersed on the streets so the sleigh runners could move easily SNUFFER MAKER: one who made the candle snuffer for putting out or "snuffing" candlelight SOAPBOILER: a soap-maker SOJOURNER CLOTHIER: a traveling clothes salesman SOUTER: a shoemaker SPALLIER: a tin works laborer SPERVITER: a keeper of sparrow hawks SPICER: a grover or one who dealt in spices SPINNER: one who spins yarn SPLITTER: one who operated a splitting machine or who split things by hand SPOONER: a person who made spoons < SPURRIER: a person who made spurs STAMPMAN: a person who worked with an ore-crushing stamp mill STAPLER: a dealer in various goods STATIONARY TENDER: see STOKER STATIONER

: a bookseller; one who sold paper, quills, ink stands, pencils, and other writing items STAY MAKER: a corset maker STEERSMAN: the helmsman of a ship STEP BOY: one employed to help passengers to enter or leave a coach STEVEDORE: a workman employed either as overseer or laborer in loading and unloading the cargoes of merchant vessels STEWARD: a person entrusted with the care and management of another's estate or household STITCHER: one who sewed, decorated with stitching, etc.

STOCKINGER: one who knitted, wove, or dealt in stockings STOKER: a person who tended a furnace; stokeed the fire in a furnace; shoveled coal to feed a furnace.

STONE CUTTER: one who cut and dressed stones STONER: a person who cut stones STONEMAN / STONEWARDEN: a surveyor of highways STONE PICKER: one hired to remove the stones from the farmers' fields before planting STONE WORKER: one who worked with stone such as masons or quarriers STRAW JOINER: a person who thatched roofs STREAKER: one who prepared the body for burial STREET CLEANER: a street sweeper STRINGER: a person who made the strings for bows SUCKSMITH: a person who made ploughshares SURVEYOR: one who determined the boundaries, area, or elevations of land or structures on the earth's surface by means of measuring angles and distances, using the techniques of geometry and trigonometry SUTLER: a person who followed an army camp peddling provisions and supplies SWAIN: [1] a herdsman; [2] a servant; a young man who was a knight's attendant SWAMPER: [1] a laborer who cleared roads in a swamp or forest; [2] a person who did odd jobs in a saloon SWEEP: chimneysweep TABLER: one who boarded others or was a boarder

 himself; boarding house operator TAILOR: one who made or repaired clothes TALLOW CHANDLER: a person who made and sold tallow candles TALLY-CLERK: a person who counted votes; one who kept track of cargo or merchandise TALLYMAN: a person who sold goods on credit and was paid by installments TANKARD BEARER: a person employed in the drawing and carrying water from public pumps and conduits TANNER: one who tanned or converted hides into leather TAPER WEAVER: a person who made candlewicks TAPISER: one who made tapestry; an upholsterer TAPSTER: a barmaid or bartender TAPPER: a tavern-keeper TAWER: one who made white leather TEAMSTER: one who drove a team for hauling cargo TENTER: one who looks after machinery in a factory, such as a loom tenter THACKER: a thatcher THATCHER: one who covered roofs with straw or reeds THRESHER: a person who separated the grain from the husks and straw THROWSTER: one who threw (wound or twisted) silk into thread TICKNEY MAN: a person who sold earthenware from town to town TIDE GAUGER

: a person who monitored the tide TIDE WAITER: a custom house officer TIEMAKER: one who made wooden railway ties TILER: a person who put tiles in place either on the roof or floor TILLER: a farmer; a cultivator TILLMAN: a farmer; a ploughman TINKER: an itinerant repairman who mended pots and pans; a jack-of-all trades TINNER: a worker in a tin mine; a tinsmith; one who made tinware TINTER: an artist skilled in tinting TILTMAKER: a person who made canvas awnings or canopies TIMEKEEPER: a person responsible for making sure things happened on time such as workers arriving or departing, trains, coaches, etc.

TIMES IRONER: a servant responsible for ironing the daily newspaper TINCTOR: a dyer TINKER: a travelling repairer of pots and pans TINSMITH: a person who worked with tin TIPPER: person who put the metal tips on arrows TIPPLER: a person who kept an ale house TIREWOMAN: a woman who assisted in the dressing room, especially in the theater; a dressmaker; a costumier TOBACCO SPINNER: cigar maker TOLLER: a person who collected tolls TOLLGATE KEEPER: one who worked at the toll gate to collect fees for use of the road TONSOR: a barber TOOL HELVER: a person who made tool handles TOPMAN: a sailor who served in the top mast station; the man who stood at the topmost point when sawing lumber TOPSMAN: the foreman or head cattle drover TOWN CRIER: a person who made public announcments in the streets TRADESMAN: a shopkeeper or skilled craftsman TRAMPER: [1] a vagabond; a tramp; [2] a person who trampled or walked on clothing in the wash to clean them TRAMPL

ER: an attorney TRANQUETER: a person who made hoops TRANTER / TRAUNTER: a peddler with a horse and cart TREEN MAKER: a person who made domestic articles from wood TREENAIL MAKER: one who made the long wooden pins used in shipbuilding TRENCHERMAKER: a person who made wooden boards or platters for serving food from or cutting and slicing food on TRENCHERMAN: a cook TRUGGER: a person who made long shallow baskets TUBBER: a person who made tubs and barrels TUBEDRAWER: a person who made tubes TUNIST: one who tuned musical instruments TURNER: a person who worked with a lathe TURNKEY: a prison warden or jail keeper UPHOLDER: upholsterer and also a seller of secondhand goods UPHOLSTERER: one who finished furniture by putting on the padding and cloth UPRIGHT WORKER: a chimney sweep VALET: a male servant who attended a nobleman or gentleman VATMAN: [1] a person employed in the paper making industry to put the paper pulp into the moulds; [2] a person who worked with vats in beer and wine making VERGE MAKER

: a person who made the spindles used in clocks and watches VERRIER: a glazier VERSER: a versifier; a poet VICTUALLER: a grocer VINTAGER: grape farmer, wine maker VINTNER: a wine merchant VIRGINAL PLAYER: one who played a musical instrument similar to a harpsichord VULCAN: blacksmith WAFERER: one who made and sold wafers or thin unleavened cakes WAGONER: a driver of a wagon; a carter WAINWRIGHT: one who built or repaired wagons WAITMAN / WAKEMAN: night watchman WALKER: a cloth-worker WALLER: [1] a person who built walls either brick or dry stone; [2] one who worked making coarse salt WANTCATCHER: a person employed to catch moles WARDER / WARDEN: a person in charge of prisoners WARPER: [1] one who set the warp thread on the looms; [2] one employed to move boats by hauling on the warps (the ropes attached to the boats) WARRENER: a person in charge of a portion of land used for breeding rabbits and other small game W

ASHMAN: a person who applied the wash (or coating) of tin when making tinplate WATCH FINISHER: a person employed to assemble watches and clocks WATCHMAN: one whose job it was to guard the streets at night WATER BAILIFF: an official in charge of the fishing rights on a stretch of water; a river policeman or in coastal towns a customs official WATER CARRIER: a person who carted and sold fresh water WATER GILDER: a person who trapped water fowl WATER LEADER: a person who carts water for sale WATERMAN: person who worked with or on boats usually on rivers WATTLE HURDLE MAKER: a person who made a type of fence from wattle to keep the sheep, i.e.

construction of poles intertwined with twigs, reeds, or branches WAY-MAKER: a person employed to make roads WAY MAN: surveyor of roads WEATHERSPY: an astrologer WEEDER: a person employed to remove the weeds from the gardens of the rich WEIGHER: a person employed on the docks to weigh the cargo as it was unloaded WELLMASTER: one in charge of the local well with the responsibility of ensuring clean water for the village WELL SINKER: a person who dug wells WELLWRIGHT: a person who made the winding equipment used to raise the bucket in a well WET GLOVER: a person who made leather gloves WET NURSE: a woman employed to suckle the child of another WETTER: [1] a person employed to dampen paper during the printing process; [2] a person in the glass industry who detached the glass by wetting WHACKER: one who drove a team of oxen, horses, etc.

WHARFINGER: the person who owned or managed a wharf WHEELER: [1] a wheel maker; [2] a person in the textile industry who attended to the spinning wheel; [3] a person who led the pit ponies that pulled the tubs underground in the mines WHEELWRIGHT: a person who repaired and made wheels and wheeled vehichles WHEERYMAN: a person in charge of a wheery (a small, light rowing boat) WHIPCORD MAKER: a person who made whips WHIPPERIN: one who handled the hounds in a hunt WHITEAR: a cleanser of hides WHIT COOPER: one who made barrels from tin WHITE LIMER: a person who plastered walls using lime and water plaster WHITENING ROLL MAKER: a person who made the whitening used in whitening walls of cottages WHITENER: a person who bleached cloth WHITE SMITH: a maker of utensils in tin, especially dairy utensils WHITE TAWER / WHITTAWER: a saddler, harness-maker WHITEWING: a street sweeper WILLOW PLAITER: one who made baskets WINDER: in the textile industry, a person

 who transferred the yarn from bobbins onto cheeses or into balls ready for weaving; in the mines a person who operated the pulley or winch WINDSTER: a silk winder WIRE DRAWER: one who made wire from metal by drawing the metal through various size holes in a template WOODBREAKER: one who made wooden water casks WOODRANGER / WOOD REEVE: a person in charge of the forest or woods WOOLCOMBER: one who operated the machines that separate the fibers ready for spinning WOOL DRIVER: one who brought the wool to market WOOL GROWER: sheep farmer WOOL SORTER: a person who sorted the wool into different grades WOOLSTED MAN: a seller of woollen cloth WOOL WINDER: one who made up balls of wool for selling WORSTED MANUFACTURER: a person who made worsted WRIGHT: a skilled worker in various trades, i.e., shipwright, wheelwright, cartwright, etc.

YARDMAN: rail road yard worker YATMAN: a gate keeper YEARMAN: a person contracted to work for a year YEOMAN: farmer who owns his own land

Question: Wainwrights were craftsmen who made what?
Answer: Wagons