History of Tabloid Newspapers in England Think Stuff Unwanted: A History of Tabloid Newspapers in EnglandBy Dr Richard RooneyUnpublished manuscript. 1999. The Daily Mirror was the first truly tabloid newspaper in Britain.In 1934, the paper relaunched shedding its middle-of-the-road, middle-class, readershipin favour of a mass-audience of (mainly) working-class readers.The Mirror changed the shape of British journalism. The look of the news became moreimportant than the news itself, content was over-simplified, 'news' relied more on thetrivial, the sordid and the sensational.

The paper built its circulation by filling the paper with items of maximum interest to the maximum number of people.The Mirror relaunch represented a significant shift in the way mass-circulationnewspapers packaged the news and from that date British newspapers were never goingto be quite the same again.This paper outlines the history of tabloid national newspapers in Britain, examining thestate of popular newspaper journalism before the Mirror's relaunch and setting incontext the developments since.It traces a number of themes: the changes in emphasis in news which placed human-interest, the unusual and the sensational at the centre of editorial agendas; the search for mass-circulation with the resulting intense competition among titles and thedevelopments in technology which made newspapers the preserve of large companies. Early History By most accounts regular English journalism began with the Civil War and emergedduring the seventeenth century. The journalism did not necessarily take the form of newspapers, rather a wide range of publications existed. Among these were small pamphlets (actually called newsbooks) which appeared from about 1620. Publicationwas often erratic, but by the middle of the century many features associated with themodern newspaper began to appear: the leading article, advertisements and advice toreaders.

1 Broadside ballads, sold as single sheets, and newsbooks were packed with tales thatwould not seem out of place in today's tabloids: strange and wonderful happenings,murders, natural disasters and unusual births and omens. 2 Murders were covered in detail; readers' fantasies were catered for in lavish descriptionsof events like Royal weddings. News reports dwelt on the details because the eventsdescribed were more extravagant and magnificent than anything else in their readers'experience. Much of the material in these sheets was drawn straight from oral traditionor relied on word-of-mouth reports, stressing sources as 'eye-witnesses', the 'insiders' of today. One characteristic of the seventeenth century ballad books was their moralising tones.Murderers were seen to repent and their subsequent execution was told in loving detail.Some early forms of popular newspaper were simply single printed sheets: while thesegave topical items in prose, the broadside ballads would give news in verse. Newspapers aimed at a mass audience developed first in the United States. These werelater to have a strong impact on tabloid journalism in Britain.

The New York Sun wasfounded in 1833, aiming for the first time at a mass market. The Penny Press sold for one cent rather than the six cents cover price typical for newspapers of the time.The Penny Press of New York targeted a growing mass of semiliterate urbanites withtheir human-interest stories. Their style (rather than subject mater) was sensational. Thewriting style and tone of the Penny Press papers were based on the language of thecommon man.

Their aim was to tell a good human-interest story, appealing to readers'feelings as much as to their intellect, this style was adopted by the English press at theturn of the century.The New York Sun evolved a simpler, more direct news style, using vivid, activelanguage and colloquialisms and breaking up stories into more manageable paragraphs.The short, clear, active style became the model for US journalism from then on.The US Penny Press began using reporting techniques that later became standard journalistic practice, this included the observation of the reporter and the interview and placing the most important part of the story in the first paragraph (the British press didnot adopt this style until the 1930s).So, by the end of the nineteenth century newspapers replaced chapbooks and ballads.The human-interest story was central in mass-market newspapers - an influence thatwould soon travel to Britain. The early Sunday newspapers In England chapbooks and ballads were also important means of communicating news.The early Sunday papers adopted some of their tones and began the long path towardsthe form of tabloid newspaper we know today.The first Sunday newspaper in England appears to have been the Mrs E Johnson'sSunday Monitor and British Gazette launched in 1779.

3 It was published even thoughall Sunday papers were technically illegal due to legislation banning people fromworking on the Sabbath. 4 The British Gazette looked like any daily of the periodexcept that the first column of the first page provided religious instruction. But Sundaysat this time were not devoted substantially to religious topics. 5 A series of Sundays were founded in the 1780s and 1790s including the SundayReformer, Observer, Bell's Weekly Messenger and Weekly Register. Most contained amoral essay of some sort, general news and 'instruction and entertainment'. 6 Newspapers of this time tried to attract readers with a wide range of fare to include public occurrences, memorable actions, matters of state, trade, arts and sciences. 7 Weekly Messenger said it also intended to give 'an innocent amusement to the fair sexand to improve their knowledge'. (3 January 1802.)Sunday newspapers were experimenting and after a slow start they caught on. Bell'sWeekly Messenger sold 6,000 copies per week in 1803.

By 1812, at least 18 Sundayswere published in London with individual sales of 1,000 to 12,000 copies.But Sunday newspapers faced opposition. The sale of anything other than milk or mackerel on a Sunday was against the law. Parliament debated the possibility of banning Sunday newspapers in 1799, but a Bill for suppression failed. One speaker inthe debate pointed out that if you prevented people working on Sundays, Mondaynewspapers would have to be banned as well.But the attempt to ban Sunday newspapers continued. In 1820 campaigners claimedSunday newspapers were 'injurious to public morals' as they employed people on theSabbath and stopped people from attending divine service. But these Sundays were alsocriticised for the blasphemy and sedition they carried. They were seen as a threat to the'respectable' press. (Morning Post, 27 May 1820).But the 'respectable' press was not all that respectable. The coverage of one particular Royal scandal helped to define the characteristics of many newspapers in 1820.

The so-called Queen's Affair in which King George IV wanted to divorce Queen Caroline whostood accused of adultery. A trial took place in London that would deprive Caroline of her title.Critics said the newspapers had ceased to be newspapers at all. They had becomescandal sheets, devoting page after page, and often entire issues, to the trial, so thatreaders could wallow at length in hitherto unplumbed depths of obscenity andscurrility. 8 Among the published details were descriptions of Caroline and her principallover Begami and testimony from chambermaids as to the stains on bed sheets after the pair had made love.The Caroline crisis caused a boom in circulations of the press as a whole, includingmainstream newspapers that supported the government. The Radical Press A quite separate type of newspaper existed alongside the more formal commercial press. This Radical or Pauper Press thrived for a short time in the early 19th centurywhen weekly papers were produced by working-class people for the working class. Thiswas to be the only period in history when a truly working-class press existed.These newspapers had politics rather than news at their centre and they tried to mouldevents rather than report them.

9 Journalists on the Radical Press tended to seethemselves as activists rather than professionals and many were organisers for the National Union of the Working-classes or the Chartists Movement. 10 The popular radical press was written in everyday language, with colour, vitality andforce; very often without the restraints and qualifications of highly educated writing. Itis a style that was to became the staple of commercial popular journalism, which usedevery device of language and layout to attract attention quickly. 11 British Newspaper History in the UK Cultural Products >> Historic Commemorative Anniversary Newspapers Milestones in 20th Century Newspaper history in Britain .... The history of newspapers in the UK in the 20th century is a fascinating story of the emergence of new titles, technologies and formats, and the disappearance of old titles, mainly through mergers. Once famous national titles like the Daily Sketch (later to merge with the Daily Mail in 1971) and the News Chronicle are now less known by younger generations. British newspaper history is also almost as much about the stories of the newspaper bosses - the big personalities, such as Lord Rothermere, Lord Northcliffe and Robert Maxwell, amongst others, who had a big impact on the course of this history.

Buy an Original Newspaper ... Drawing from the UK's largest newspaper archive, we can supply a genuine complete major UK national Newspaper title - not a copy - from virtually any day over the last 100 years - an ideal gift to commemorate a birthday, anniversary or special occasion: from only: ï¿½ 39.99 Jan 17 1902 - launch of the Times Literary Supplement. Nov 2 1903 - launch of the Daily Mirror - the first daily newspaper illustrated exclusively with photographs. The Mirror was a broadsheet newspaper until the 1950s. March 2 1909 - launch of the Daily Sketch.

(merges with the Daily Mail in 1971) Jan 25 1911 - launch of the Daily Herald (1st newspaper to sell two million copies a day) April 12 1913 - New Statesman founded March 11 1914 - First half-tone photo in the Times newspaper: a 4 by 3 inch picture of the Rokeby Venus, damaged in a Suffragette demonstration (the first ever half-tone in a daily newspaper appeared in the New York Graphic in 1880). 1915 - The Daily Mail launches 'Teddy Tail' - first UK comic strip. March 14 1915 - the Sunday Pictorial launched (becomes the Sunday Mirror in 1963). Dec 29 1918 - launch of the Sunday Express. Nov 2 1924 - the Sunday Express publishes first crossword in a British newspaper May 1926 - most newspapers cease publishing during the General Strike. The Government publishes the British Gazette and the TUC publishes the British Worker.

Jan 1 1930 - launch of the Daily Worker newspaper (becomes the Morning Star in 1966). Feb 1 1930 - the first Times crossword appears (6 years after the first one appeared in Sunday Express). June 2 1930 - the News Chronicle newspaper is formed by the merger of the Daily News and the Daily Chronicle. (merges with the Daily Mail in 1960). Oct 18 1934 - the Daily Mail publishes the first photograph that was transmitted by beam radio (from Australia to London). Oct 1 1938 - first issue of the Picture Post (last issue in 1957). 1940 - Newsprint rationing is introduced. Nov 26 1940 - death of Lord Rothermere. Aug 24 1959 - the Manchester Guardian changes title to the Guardian, based in London. Feb 5 1961 - launch of the Sunday Telegraph. Feb 4 1962 - first issue of the Sunday Times magazine, known as the Sunday Times Colour Section. 1964 - the Press Council replaces General Council of the Press.

Sept 6 1964 - the Observer colour supplement launched. Sept 15 1964 - the Daily Herald becomes the Sun. Sept 25 1964 - first issue of the Daily Telegraph. May 3 1966 - the Times begins printing news on the front page. 1969 the News of the World is bought by Rupert Murdoch. Nov 17 1969 - Rupert Murdoch re-launches the Sun newspaper as a tabloid. 1971 - Dail Sketch merges with the Daily Mail. Nov 2 1978 - launch of the Daily Star newspaper. Dec 1 1978 - publication of the Times and Sunday Times is suspended for 11 months. Oct 31 1980 - the Evening News ceases publication and leaves London with just one evening newspaper. 1981 - Rupert Murdoch buys the Times and Sunday Times. May 3 1981 - the Sunday Express magazine launched. Sept 6 1981 - first issue of the News of the World Sunday magazine.

1982 - May 2 : the Mail on Sunday is launched: the first photocomposed national newspaper in Britain. 1984 - Robert Maxwell acquires the Mirror Group. 1985 - the Daily Telegraph is acquired by Conrad Black. 1986 - News International moves the printing of all national titles to Wapping. March 4 1986 - launch of the Today by Eddy Shah, sold as the first national colour newspaper. Sept 14 1986 - launch of the Sunday Sport newspaper. Oct 7 1986 - first issue of the Independent newspaper. 1987 - the Today newspaper is acquired by Rupert Murdoch. 1987 - Wendy Henry (News of the World) and Eve Pollard (Sunday Mirror) become the first woman editors. Feb 24 1987 - the London Daily News (ceases publication on July 23rd). Aug 7 1988 - first issue of Scotland on Sunday. Aug 17 1988 - the Sport newspaper is launched, published on Wednesdays. March 5 1989 - the Wales on Sunday newspaper is launched.

Jan 28 1990 - first issue of the Independent on Sunday. May 11 1990 - Robert Maxwell launches the European (ceases publication on 14th December 1998). 1991 - the Press Complaints Commission replaces the Press Council. Oct 7 1991 - the Sport newspaper becomes daily. Nov 5 1991 - Robert Maxwell dies. 1993 - the Guardian Media Group acquires the Observer. Nov 17 1995 - the Today newspaper stops publication (1st national newspaper title to cease publication since the Daily Sketch in 1971). April 21 1996 - first issue of the Sunday Business paper. March 15 1998 - first issue of Sport First, the UK's first national Sunday newspaper focused on sport. Feb 7 1999 - the Sunday Herald newspaper is launched in Glasgow. Are you Outside the UK? - although we are UK-based, we do offer a European, US & worldwide shipping service. Just add the product to your cart and then select the delivery country on our cart page - delivery charges are calculated automatically ...

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There has never been a sustainably successful government, a prosperous era, or a... The Sun Newspaper Archive - Historic Newspapers Historic Newspapers Free Delivery when buying 3 or more items 03300 669700 Call for Assistance The Sun Newspaper Archive Commemorate a Special Date with a The Sun Newspaper Gift An old archive edition of the The Sun newspaper is a very memorable birthday or anniversary gift. Recipients love to read what was happening in the news on their date of birth or on the day of their wedding. It creates a fascinating connection with their past, which make these old issues of the The Sun newspaper stand out as such a special gift. Choose your Date View Available Newspapers from the Archive Choose your Gift Pack option Personalise your Certificate of Authenticity The Perfect Gift for Any Occasion The Sun Newspaper Your newspaper gift can be further personalised by adding the recipient’s name, the occasion, and a personal greeting on the Certificate of Authenticity, which acts as a guarantee that your copy of the Sun is a genuine original newspaper . Historic Newspapers have the UK’s largest archive of the Sun, stretching back over one hundred years.

To see the newspaper titles we have for your chosen special day, simply select the date in the box below. A Brief History of The Sun The Sun is part of News Group Newspapers, which is a subsidiary of News International. This company is owned by the News Corporation Group, headed by world media tycoon Rupert Murdoch. The newspaper is printed from Monday to Saturday in tabloid format and as of December 2008, it has an average daily circulation of 2,899,310 copies. The Sun sells more copies than any other daily newspaper in the United Kingdom and at its peak in the mid-1990s, the Sun regularly sold over 4,000,000 copies a day. The paper has a record of supporting the governing party in the UK, although traditionally it is generally considered to have a centre-right political allegiance. The Sun supported the centre-left Labour Party during Tony Blair’s last three General Election wins. The Daily Herald Years The forerunner of the Sun newspaper was the Daily Herald, launched on 25th January 1911. The Daily Herald was initially an independent left wing paper, printed periodically during strike periods to offer its unconditional support to the strikers.

It was published daily between January and April in 1911 and then from 15th April 1912 until 1914. The newspaper was printed weekly for the next five years before resuming daily production from 1919. The Daily Herald became the official newspaper of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in 1922 and thus supported the Labour Party. In 1930, the TUC sold fifty-one percent of the Daily Herald to Odhams Press, publisher of The People. The Daily Herald subsequently became the first UK paper to sell over two million copies daily, making it the biggest selling newspaper in the world at that time. Odhams was acquired by Daily Mirror Newspapers Ltd in 1961 and formed the International Publishing Corporation (IPC) on 31st December 1962. This became the world’s largest publishing enterprise. The TUC sold their remaining forty-nine percent shareholding in 1964, allowing IPC to re-launch the Daily Herald as ‘The Sun‘. The Emergence of The Sun The first edition of the Sun was printed on 15th September 1964.

This was the first time that a new daily paper had been published in the UK for thirty four years. The newspaper was printed in broadsheet format, emerging during the rapidly changing world of the 1960s. Thus the front page announced: “The Sun is politically free. It will not automatically support or censure any party or any Government. It is an independent paper designed to serve and inform all those whose lives are changing, improving, expanding in these hurrying years.” On 15th November 1969, the newspaper was acquired by Rupert Murdoch, following an unsuccessful bid by Robert Maxwell. Two days after purchasing the paper, Murdoch re-launched the Sun in tabloid format. He also installed the Sun as the sister paper to the News of the World, which was printed on Sundays. The two newspapers have maintained this link to the present day and they are both still owned by the News Corporation Group under Rupert Murdoch. The first glamour model appeared on page three on 17th November 1970. In 1978, the Sun switched allegiance to the Conservative Party under Margaret Thatcher. This was a sensational move for the newspaper given its old background as the Daily Herald.

It continued to support the Conservative Party under John Major and on the day of the General Election (9th April 1992) the front page of the Sun featured the headline: “If Kinnock wins today will the last person to leave Britain please turn out the lights”. The Sun’s campaign is widely credited with helping John Major to win the election and thus on 11th April 1992, the newspaper ran with the headline: “It’s the Sun wot won it”. The Sun changed allegiance to Tony Blair on 18th March 1997 and has supported Labour at the last three General Elections. The Sun newspaper moved to full colour production for the first time on 28th January 2008 with the opening of three new printing plants. The Sun Supplements There are several regular supplements that currently accompany the Sun. The main addition to the paper is “TV biz“, which provides the latest television news, gossip and pictures from Monday to Saturday. “Super Goals” is also included in the Monday edition of the newspaper during the football season and the “Sun Motors” pull-out is distributed with the paper on Fridays.

The Saturday edition of the Sun includes two sports supplements: “Super Goals” is featured from August to May and summarises the upcoming football matches for the weekend, “Favourite” contains information on horse racing. There is also a Saturday magazine called “TV Mag” which provides all of the listings and reviews on television programmes. To mark special occasions, the Sun often provides commemorative supplements. Click for More Info Daily Mirror Newspaper Archive - Historic Newspapers Historic Newspapers Free Delivery when buying 3 or more items 03300 669700 Call for Assistance Daily Mirror Newspaper Archive Search Past Dates for Old Daily Mirror Back Issues Search for any date below to check for the availability of the Daily Mirror in the largest UK newspaper archive spanning over 100 years. All available titles will be displayed after entering your special date, next there will be an option to select a presentation pack for the perfect gift. Last, but not least, there is the option to add a personalised certificate of authenticity featuring the recipient's name, plus your chosen date and a personal message.

Choose your Date View Available Newspapers from the Archive Choose your Gift Pack option Personalise your Certificate of Authenticity The Perfect Gift for Any Occasion The Mirror Archives Welcome to the world's largest archive of old Daily Mirror editions dating back as far as 1903 when this popular tabloid newspaper was first launched. An original Mirror newspaper is a fantastic commemorative gift for special occasions and offers truly unique insights into current events, and areas of interest, at the time of print. A popular choice in title due to the method of reporting, promising "to be entertaining without being frivolous, and serious without being dull", which still rings true today. Anyone receiving a past issue of the Daily Mirror will not only love reading the headlines from the day they were born but also find the photography fascinating. The prominence of images is what makes a vintage Daily Mirror slightly different from other popular past titles, which tended to be more text heavy. The Daily Mirror 1932 If you were born in 1932 then you also share your year of birth with actor Anthony Perkins and singer/presenter Des O'Connor.

Interesting events likely to be covered in an old Mirror 60th birthday newspaper from this year include: Date The movie Casablanca shows for the first time at the Hollywood Theatre in New York City. The Daily Mirror 1952 Those born in 1952 also share their date of birth with entertainer Michael Barrymore and TV personality Sharon Osbourne, events appearing in The Mirror from this birthdate may include: Date Event 20th February 1952 Compulsory national identity cards are scrapped by William Churchill, 6 days before the UK announced its first atomic bomb. 14th November 1952 The NME announced the top 12 singles chart; this was compiled via an unscientific survey of numerous record stores around the company over the telephone. 5th December 1952 Multiple factors contributed to the Great Smog which in turn brought about new legislation for air regulations. Unfortunately a little late for the estimated 12,000 that died as a result of this catastrophe.

The Daily Mirror 1962 Famous 1962 birth dates include journalist Vanessa Feltz and comedian Jack Dee, current news in The Mirror from the day you were born may include: Date Event 2nd April 1962 The Panda Crossing was launched although required a little too much patience from drivers so was dropped just 5 years later. 1st May 1962 The first ever Incredible Hulk comic book was released with inspiration taken from combining Jekyll and Hyde with Frankenstein. 13th July 1962 Prime Minister Harold Macmillam dismisses a third of his cabinet in what the press dubbed 'the Night of the Long Knives'. The Daily Mirror 1972 If 1972 is your birth year then it's also shared with actor Sid Owen (better known as Ricky Butcher from Eastenders) and Oasis singer Liam Gallagher. Whilst they wouldn't have been making the news just yet some historical events that may appear in archived Daily Mirror newspapers include: Date Event 30th January 1972 The British Army kills 14 unmanned nationalist civil rights marchers in Northern Ireland, known as Bloody Sunday.

24th March 1972 The first Godfather film is released, now regarded as one of the greatest films in world cinema of all time. 31st December 1972 An extra leap second is added to the end of the year (23:59:60) to better align clocks with mean solar time. A Brief History of the Daily Mirror The Daily Mirror newspaper is part of Mirror Group Newspapers, which is a subsidiary of Trinity Mirror plc. It is printed in tabloid format and as of December 2008, it has an average daily circulation of 1,346,916 copies. The newspaper takes a centre-left political stance and it is the only national daily newspaper in the UK to have loyally supported the Labour Party from 1945 up to the present day. The Daily Mirror was founded by Alfred Harmsworth (later Lord Northcliffe) of the Daily Mail on 2 November 1903, making it the UK's oldest surviving tabloid newspaper. Although it was printed in this format from the first edition, the Daily Mirror was originally a middle class paper.

Alfred Harmsworth announced in the opening editorial: 'It is new, because it represents in journalism a development that is entirely new and modern in the world; it is unlike any other newspaper because it attempts what no other newspaper has ever attempted. It is no mere bulletin of fashion, but a reflection of women's interests, women's thought, women's work'it is only now that increased breadth in interests makes it possible for me to find the large staff of cultivated, able, and experienced women necessary for the conduct of a suitable newspaper.' The Daily Mirror was intended to represent women's interests and was thus run by women.

However, it was also designed with men in mind, as Harmsworth went on to write: 'The interests which it represents are surely as important to the world as those of finance, shipping, and sport, each of which have their representatives in the daily Press; and as I intend it to be really a Mirror of feminine life as well on its grave and lighter sides, I venture to think that no man to whom the reflection and progress of human affairs are of interest need to be ashamed to be interested in the Daily Mirror.' The first issues of the Daily Mirror carried advertisements on the front page, which helped pay towards the costs of running the newspaper. However, the publication was transformed into a pictorial paper on 26th January 1904. It featured engraved pictures on the front cover and was briefly renamed 'The Daily Illustrated Mirror', but this title only remained until 27 April 1904, after which it reverted back to the old name of The Daily Mirror. Several other changes took place on the publication at this time, as it searched for increased readership. The female journalists were replaced and 'A paper for men and women' was added to the masthead.

Furthermore, the price of the newspaper was reduced to a halfpenny. The Daily Mirror's circulation subsequently flourished from 38,540 copies at the end of November 1903 to 120,000 copies by February 1904. In January 1914, Harold Harmsworth (later Lord Rothermere) purchased the Daily Mirror from his brother Lord Northcliffe (Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe). The average daily sale by that time had reached more than one million copies. Lord Rothermere sold his shares in the Daily Mirror between 1931 and 1935, but this did not mark the end of the Harmsworth dynasty's influence on the newspaper. Cecil Harmsworth King (Lord Rothermere's nephew and Advertising Director) together with Harry Guy Bartholomew (Editorial Director) pioneered a revolution at the Daily Mirror during the 1930s and 1940s, transforming the publication into a left wing paper for the working class.

Guy Bartholomew was appointed Chairman of the Daily Mirror in 1944, which supported the Labour Party for the first time at the General Election of 1945. By the late 1940s, circulation had overtaken the Daily Express and risen to an average daily sale of 4.5 million copies, therefore making the Daily Mirror the United Kingdom's biggest selling newspaper. In 1951, Cecil King replaced Guy Bartholomew as Chairman of the newspaper. King added the Scottish Daily Record and the Sunday Mail to Daily Mirror Newspapers Ltd in 1955. He subsequently acquired Amalgamated Press (later renamed Fleetway) in 1958 and Odhams (publisher of the Daily Herald newspaper) in 1961, to form the International Publishing Corporation (IPC) on 31st December 1962. As Chairman of IPC between 1963 and 1968, Cecil King now presided over the world's largest publishing enterprise. Meanwhile, the Daily Mirror became the world's largest selling paper with a record average daily sale of 5,282,137 copies in 1967.

On Wednesday 4th October 1969, the Daily Mirror became the first daily newspaper in the UK to produce a free weekly colour magazine. However, this was printed for only nine months. In 1970, IPC was taken over by Reed (which it part owned) in a reverse takeover and the new company was named Reed International. In 1974, Reed separated the company into two groups - IPC (the magazines titles) and Mirror Group Newspapers (the newspaper holdings). Mirror Group Newspapers was subsequently sold to Robert Maxwell on 12th July 1984, who was proprietor of the Daily Mirror until his death in November 1991. The Daily Mirror began to regularly print colour photographs on 2nd June 1988. It moved to full colour production on 2nd April 2008, as the newspaper was redesigned with a new look, introducing new headline and copy fonts. The Daily Mirror was relocated to its current premises at 1 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, by David Montgomery (Chief Executive 1992-1999) during March 1994.

Subsequently in September 1999, Mirror Group Newspapers was taken over by Trinity (the regional newspaper publisher) to form Trinity Mirror. The Daily Mirror Supplements On 11th October 1997, the Daily Mirror launched 'Look' magazine. This was the second time a colour insert had accompanied the newspaper and the first time a magazine was issued alongside the Saturday edition. It included television listings, reviews and celebrity interviews, in addition to features on fashion, shopping and cooking. On Tuesday 2 November 1999, another insert was launched. 'M' was a mid-week magazine for women, which incorporated features and advice on beauty, fashion, food, health and relationships. On 10th February 2001, 'M' was moved to the Saturday edition of the paper, therefore accompanying 'Look' and providing readers with two magazines for the weekend. The final editions of the 'Look' and 'M' magazines were printed on 9th August 2003, in the year of the paper's one hundredth anniversary. They were replaced by the 'We Love Telly' magazine one week later, which contained television listings, reviews, interviews and a puzzle page.

There are several regular supplements that currently accompany the Daily Mirror. During the week, the two main additions are 'Mania -We love football' on Mondays (during the football season) and 'The Ticket' entertainment guide on Fridays. Two regular supplements also accompany the Saturday edition of the newspaper - the football themed 'Mania on Saturday' (from August to May) and the 'Winner - We Love Racing' horse racing supplement. The weekly 'We Love Telly' magazine is also still printed on a Saturday. Click for More Info UK National Newspapers | Magforum Sunday Herald Launch UK national newspapers This page covers UK national newspapers that are published from London (though often printed at satellite sites around Britain, and often regionalised) and are widely distributed in the UK countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Although all these papers have moved from Fleet Street in the City of London, the name is still often used to refer to the press. Only DC Thomson , the local newspaper and magazine publisher, still has a presence in Fleet St.

This ditty is one way of defining the press and its readership: Times readers run the country, Telegraph readers think they run the country, Guardian readers wish they ran the country, Mirror readers would run the country if the Times readers didn't run it already, Mail readers don't know who runs the country, Express readers don't care who runs the country, and Sun readers don't give a damn who runs the country as long as her measurements exceed 38-24-36. This was quoted as an analysis by MPs of the readerships of UK newspapers in a Guardian diary piece in the early 1980s. There have been many variants of it (including 'FT readers pay to run the country', 'Mail readers know who should be running the country' and 'Mirror readers will run the country once the revolution comes'), but all tend to agree about Sun readers (though many in cruder terms for the last line: 'as long as she's got big tits'). A variant was quoted in the TV series Yes, Prime Minister in 1987. This page includes London's Evening Standard and City AM, a free London financial daily. The UK market for newspapers is unusual in the number of titles that are nationally distributed.

It is also one of the leading markets in terms of digital innovation: the Telegraph was the first national newspaper to launch a website; the Daily Mail has one of the world's most popular websites; and 2016 saw the Independent and its Sunday sister title take the plunge to go online only, while the New Day - a national daily cut-price paper, a 'cheapsheet', launched. British newspapers are analysed in the following sections: Trinity Mirror Britain's national newspapers National newspapers in 2005 could be grouped into 10 dailies (11 from March 2016 with the closure of the Independent but launches of i and New Day) and 12 Sundays (in 2016, 9 with the closures of News of the World, The Business and Independent on Sunday). Within these two categories, they split into: popular red top/tabloids; midmarket; and quality products. The term 'tabloid' is often used to describe the smaller-sized, downmarket, popular or red-top dailies (Sun, Daily Mirror).

However, the term was coined as 'tabloid journalism' by the Daily Mail's founder to describe a 'condensed journalism' as opposed to the verbose, rambling reports of papers such as the Times (until then, tabloid had referred to a small medicinal tablet). Most UK newspapers are now tabloid-sized. The Independent and then The Times adopted the format in 2004 (though they called it 'compact'). The Guardian switched to the 'Berliner' format (a taller tabloid shape used by Le Monde) in September 2005. This left only the Financial Times (which is printed in about 25 sites around the world) and the Daily Telegraph as broadsheets.

UK national newspapers in 2005 Back to top Title Express Newspapers Ltd (Northern & Shell) 854,480 Express Newspapers Ltd (Northern & Shell) 948,375 UK Sunday newspapers Back to top News of the World (closed 2011) popular tabloid Guardian Newspapers Ltd (Scott Trust) 444,509 Independent on Sunday (online only 2016) quality broadsheet Sport Newspapers Ltd 151,892 *Trinity Mirror also publishes popular tabloid daily Daily Record and popular tabloid Sunday Mail in Scotland ** Most of the FT's circulation is outside the UK: 128,216 is the UK sales figure Newspaper groups and their titles Back to top Newspaper groups Sun, Times, Sunday Times, News of the World 35% Mirror, Sunday Mirror, People, Daily Record 25% Express, Express on Sunday, Star 14% Daily Mail and General Trust Mail, Mail on Sunday Daily Telegraph, Sunday Telegraph, The Business 7% Guardian Media Group (Scott Trust) Guardian, Observer Associated Newspapers Ltd (Daily Mail) Back to top Owns the Daily Mail, The Mail on

 Sunday, London freesheets Metro and London Lite, Ireland on Sunday and the free classified advertising weekly Loot (since October 2001).

It also runs the Harmsworth Quays print plant in London's Docklands. The company was established in 1905 and is a subsidiary of the Daily Mail and General Trust plc . In February 1999, the trust became the ninth media group to hold a place in the London stock market's list of top 100. Sold control of Evening Standard to Russian billionaire Alexander Lebedev in January 2009 during freesheet war with News International. Daily Mail Founded in 1896 as a popular half-penny broadsheet with the new class of literate working woman in mind by Irish-born Alfred Harmsworth (later Viscount Northcliffe). He had made his first fortune with Answers magazine founded in 1888. The coining of the word 'tabloid' has been credited to him. Reached a million sales in 1900. Middle-market, right-leaning. Saturday edition includes Weekend features and TV listings magazine. Tabloid format dates to 1971 when Associated merged the broadsheet Mail with the Daily Sketch under new editor David English. Popular with women. Continued growing in 1980s under the editorship of (Sir David) English.

His successor Paul Dacre has seen it overtake the Express and the Mirror. Website is very popular outside UK with content much m ore based on celebrities. London Lite (closed) Closed in November 2009 after sale of 75% of Evening Standard and its subsequent move to a free revenue model, and Free evening tabloid paper for London launched on 30 August 2006 to protect Associated's Evening Standard and Metro titles against News International's launch, The London Paper. Shared Thisislondon website with the Standard. About 400,000 copies a day were being given away in 2009. Mail on Sunday Sister to Daily Mail since 1982. Launched with Bernard Shrimsley as editor but David English refused to allow daily's contributors to write for it. Several months later English was knighted, ousted Shrimsley and brought in his writers - an event known on the paper as 'The Knight of the Long Knives'. Comes with You, a womens magazine; Night & Day, for features and arts; and Financial Mail on Sunday.

The Night & Day supplement was relaunched in 2007 at a cost of £8m to attract more male readers - an unusual move given that both the daily and Sunday papers have traditionally focused on women. Metro Free morning colour tabloid launched with 40 pages in March 1999 in London, adopting a popular Continental model. It was designed to be read in 20 minutes. Reports put the initial run at 100,000 with dispensers at 72 stations (forecast to rise to 300,000 from 2000). By the end of 2006, versions were available in 12 cities around Britain. 7Days is a free, English language daily published Sunday to Friday in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. DMGT owns a 60% stake in Catchpole Communications, which produces the title. Some 75,000 copies are distributed. Northcliffe Newspapers Group Ltd Sold its regional newspaper business, to Local World , a large regional newspaper publisher, in 2012.

Northcliffe was a top five regional group with 20 daily titles, 27 paid-for weeklies, 62 freesheets and 24 regional web portals, usually with names like Also had Hungarian newspaper interests. The Observer The world's oldest Sunday paper: founded in 1791 by W.S. Bourne. Switch to Berliner format as part of a relaunch on 8 January 2006. A Liberal, quality broadsheet. Controlled by the Guardian Media Group since 1993. Before then, often criticised for supporting the interests of its owner company Lonhro and chairman Tiny Rowland, particularly in his battles with Harrods owner Mohamed Al Fayed (who relaunched Punch in early 1996). Published free monthly themed supplements as well as its main magazine: Sport, Music, O Fashion, Woman but several closd in 2010-11. The Observer shares the Guardian's offices in King's Cross. In 2009, there were reports that the Guardian was considering turning the paper into a weekly magazine of the same name.

Regional newspapers (sold 2010) Sold Manchester Evening News and Surrey Advertiser (Guildford) and rest of portfolio of 32 paid-for and free titles to to Trinity Mirror plc for £44.8m in February 2010. Other activities Sold Money Observer financial magazine to Moneywise in 2008. In March 2007, sold 49.9% stake in Trader Media Group to private equity group Apax for about £674m. Based around regionalised editions of Auto Trader magazine (seen as a cash cow for the group). Emap business magazines (since 2008); 41.9% stake in Delicious publisher Seven Publishing ; and 29.5% stake n The Word publisher Development Hell . Has a history of dabbling in magazines. Launched a UK version of Wired in 1995, though this closed after a couple of years. Radio interests. Owns Trafford Park Printers; educational web materials developer Learnthings . Independent Print Ltd When The Independent was launched in 1986, it was controlled by a consortium of backers and so was 'independent' of any proprietor.

However, poor sales as a result of lack of investment and cutting staff saw it fall into the hands of the Mirror Group and later the Irish newspaper group controlled by Tony O'Reilly. Owns papers in Australasia, Ireland and South Africa. In March 2010, London Evening Standard owners Alexander and Evgeny Lebedev paid a nominal £1 for the loss-making Independent and Independent on Sunday (in fact, Independent News & Media (INM) paid the Lebedevs $9.25 million to take over the titles). The Independent Announced it would be an online-only paper from March 2016. Launched by former Daily Telegraph journalist Andreas Whittam-Smith on October 7 1986 after the Times was seen to drop its politically-independent line to support Margaret Thatcher and lose its position as Britain's paper of record. Known as the 'Indie'. Only quality daily launch in the UK in the 20th century, made possible by the advent of desktop publishing. Boosted sales in September 2003 through adopting 'compact' format, initially alongside broadsheet. By spring 2004, dropped broadsheet version. Move soon followed by The Times.

Launched MediaWeekly supplement in 2004, challenging Guardian on Mondays. Original offices were in London's City Road overlooking Bunhill Fields cemetery (burial place of many famous 17th and 18th century writers), hence the title of Bunhill's Notes in Sunday business pages. The 'Weasel' column in the Saturday magazine comes from the nursery rhyme: 'Up and down the City Road, In and out the Eagle, That's the way the money goes, Pop goes the weasel'. A pub called the Eagle still stands on City Road and 'popping the weasel' means pawning an iron, a popular practice with poor tailors in the area. i (the essential daily briefing from the Independent) Sold to Johnston Press in February 2016. The 20p i newspaper was launched in October 2000 by the Independent for readers who wanted a concise, better quality daily than the free papers but did not want to pay the price. In May 2011, a 30p Saturday edition was launched. By 2011, the i was selling 221,715 copies a day.

It was run by Stefano Hatfield, formerly at News International. In the 23 January 2011 issue, Hatfield introduced a new Monday cartoonist, Ben Jennings, who had won the 2011 political cartoon of the year award for a Gadaffi cartoon in the Guardian in August , though still at university. Hatfield also added a daily Codeword to the puzzle page, saying 'This is something readers have asked for since i launched - particularly many of you transferring to us from a rival paper that contains one.' (The Daily Mail carried such a puzzle on its centre spread coffee break page.) News International (Sun, Times) Part of the international News Corp group controlled by Rupert Murdoch. Focus of scandal in 2010 over phone hacking at the News of the World, which was closed as a result, and led to the Leveson inquiry into the ethical standards of the press , both papers and magazines. Has big stake in BSkyB satellite television and ITV (used, controversially in 2006 to block a merger between ITV and Virgin), and controls book publisher HarperCollins.

Moved most UK interests under one roof in offices next door to the Shard by London Bridge station, joining the Financial Times south of the Thames. Extensive media interests in the US and Australia. Murdoch changed from being an Australian to take up US citizenship so he could control the Fox TV network. Murdoch's family has succeeded in retaining control of News Corp, and in the 1990s concentrated on television assets in the US and UK. In 2004, Murdoch announced that the group would switch its emphasis online, buying Intermix Media, for about $580m in 2005 - which gave it control of social networking website MySpace.com. Having arrived in the UK from Australia to beat Robert Maxwell in buying the News of the World in 1968, Murdoch bought the Sun from IPC. He relaunched this in November 1969 with a 'sex and sensation' formula - personified by topless Page 3 girls. He then bought the Times and Sunday Times and broke the Fleet Street unions by moving to Wapping in 1986.

The London Paper (closed) The London Paper was an evening freesheet launched on 4 September 2006 against Associated 's Standard. It was given away outside Underground and rail stations. Set up as a low-cost operation under editor Stefano Hatfield, who had launched the Metro freesheet in New York and edited advertising trade weekly Campaign in the UK - he went on to head up the Independent's 20p sister paper i. The paper had a free distribution of about 500,000 copies in July 2009. As a result, Associated sold the loss-making Standard. However, the Murdoch paper fell victim to the recession and announced in August 2009 that the final issue of the London Paper was likely to be on Friday 18 September The Sun (became a seven-day paper in February 2012) Right-leaning popular tabloid. Best-selling of the 'red-top' dailies, having overtaken the Mirror in 1978, with a formula of sensational stories and topless Page 3 girls created by Larry Lamb.

At its jingoistic height in the Thatcher era with controversial headlines such as 'Gotcha' for the sinking of the Argentinian battleship General Belgrano in the Falklands war. Often credited with swinging public opinion against the Labour leader Neil Kinnock, leading to a third term as prime minister for Margaret Thatcher. Editor Kelvin Mackenzie (1981 to 1994) was the most successful tabloid editor of his generation, but lost his way by taking on the Queen in a copyright row after breaking an embargo to publish her Christmas speech. Sun readers sided with the Queen in a telephone poll. Mackenzie was out six months later. Launched free internet provision in April 1999 at Currantbun.com. Later renamed Bun.com, then Page3.com. After the closing of the News of the World in 2011, a Sunday edition was launched on 26 February 2012. This retained the NoW's Fabulous magazine.

In January 2015, the Sun dropped its Page 3 topless pin-up models, which had run for 44 years and made household names of models ssuch ass Samantha Fox, after facing pressure from anti-sexism campaigners. The Times Website runs paywall. Nickname 'The Thunderer', because, some say, of the sound of the presses as they started up. However, Bernard Falk in his autobiography He laughed in Fleet Street (Hutchinson, 1933) says it was because 'a leading article from the pen of Captain Sterling opened one morning with the words, "We thundered forth the other day an article..."'. Launched on 1 January 1785 by John Walter I as the Daily Universal Register. Renamed on 1 January 1788. Established its reputation for honesty under John Walter II from 1803, who installed steam printing in 1814, and possibly the greatest editor of the century, John Barnes (1817-41).

By 1823 it was 'the greatest engine of temporary opinion in the world…' and the paper of record for Britain, then the most powerful country in the world following the defeat of Napoleon, despite the loss of the Americas. US president Abraham Lincoln said it was 'the most powerful thing in the world except, perhaps, the Mississippi river'. Carried classified advertising on its front page until 1966 and on the back page until 1982. On Friday 13, 1981 it became a sister paper to the Sun, as part of Rupert Murdoch's News International. In 1986, Murdoch broke the print unions by moving to 'Fortress' Wapping, though the damage done to the paper's quality and reputation opened the door for the Independent. Led fierce price war from 1993 when it cut the cover price from 45p to 30p (and 10p on Monday). This raised sales at the expense of the Independent, Telegraph and Express. News of the World (closed 2011) Sunday paper to the Sun. Founded in 1843.

Bought by Murdoch in 1969; in doing so created intense rivalry with Robert Maxwell. The largest-selling paper in Britain at 4.5 million copies each Sunday (though down from 8.5 million in 1950). Closed as a result of the Milly Dowler phone-hacking scandal in July 2011, though its colour magazine, Fabulous, was transferred to the Saturday Sun and then the Sunday edition launched on 26 February 2012. The scandal led to the Leveson inquiry into the ethical standards of the press , both papers and magazines, at which editors of all the nationals were questioned, as well as those at Now, Hello! and OK! The Sunday Times (1882) Best-selling of the Sunday, quality broadsheets. Launched colour supplement in 1962. Bought from the Thomson Group with other Times papers in 1981. In recent decades, at its height in the pre-Murdoch days under the editorship (1967-81) of Harry Evans who nurtured investigative journalism under the Insight banner and championed design.

See his books: Good Times, Bad Times (3rd ed, 1994, Phoenix, London); and his five-part series on newspaper journalism, Pictures on a Page, Newsman's English, Newspaper Design, Text Typography and Newspaper Headlines. Design article 'News that's fit to print' described the influence of the Sunday Times and Observer in changing the role of the sub-editor and designer on newspapers. Commercially successful in 1980s and 1990s under Andrew Neil , who introduced the concept of the 'supermarket' newspaper with a section aimed at all kinds of readers. Neil is regularly lampooned in Private Eye . The Sunday Times was greatly embarrassed when it was taken in by the fake Hitler Diaries in 1983. Today [closed] In November 1995, Today was closed by News Corporation. The tabloid was launched by local newspaper group owner Eddy Shah in March 1986 as the UK's first colour national paper. He sold it to Lonrho, the trading group that also owned the Observer, before it was bought by Rupert Murdoch in July 1987.

The closure was seen as a blow to the then-opposition Labour party, led by Tony Blair, because it was the only tabloid with a left-of-centre political stance. The cost of a price war instigated by the Times, pressure on printing capacity from that paper's rising circulation, a rise in newsprint costs - up by half in a year - and the paper's falling circulation (at 573,680) were cited as factors in the closure decision. Mohamed Fayed, owner of Harrods who a year later relaunched Punch , said he wanted to take over the paper but talks failed. Times supplements In October 2005, News International sold its weekly specialist tabloids Times Educational Supplement (TES), Times Higher Educational Supplement (THS), Nursery World and other newspapers, magazines, websites and exhibitions to Exponent, a private equity group, for almost £235m. These had been seen as cash cows. The group retained the Times Literary Supplement (TLS), which began as a supplement to The Times in 1902 and became a separate publication in 1914. All the supplements have moved away from a tabloid newspaper format to a magazine structure.

Website Times Money launched but closed. News International Magazines Set up in 2005 with a brief to capitalise on the growing weeklies market. NI already had two monthly spin-offs from the Sunday Times: Travel (a contract title by River since 1993) and Inside Out (closed in early 2007). Women's weekly Love It! launched in February 2006. Reported to be researching weekly news magazine . Took licence for Sky magazine - the UK's biggest circulation title for BSkyB's 8m subscribers - from John Brown in December 2006 (Murdoch has always been fond of keeping money within the group). The Express Founded in 1900 by C. Arthur Pearson who had worked on George Newnes’ Tit-Bits before going on to establish Pearson’s Weekly (1890) and Pearson's Magazine (1896). Middle-market, right-leaning tabloid. Owned by Lord Beaverbrook from 1916 to 1964. Steady decline since with many short-term editors, lack of investment and then cost-cutting and focus on celebrities and cheap, populist journalism under Desmond.

The original art deco Fleet Street office was known in the 1950s as the Black Glasshouse but later christened the Black Lubyanka by Private Eye. The newsroom was used in the film The Day the Earth Caught Fire (1961) with the recently retired real editor, Arthur Christiansen, playing fictional editor Jeff Jefferson Daily Star 'Red-top' tabloid launched in 1978. The first new national for 75 years, it tried to take on the Sun with colour centre spreads of topless 'Star Birds'. Sister to the Express. Lack of investment meant failure as mass-market title. Now a niche paper aimed at 'lads' with frivolous, sports-based approach Express on Sunday Similar editorial strategy and sales as the daily Daily Star Sunday September 2002 launch Other activities Lads' portal Megastar spun off from Daily Star but later closed. Clutch of magazines at Northern & Shell, including gossip weekly OK! Financial Times Launched in 1888, the world's leading financial daily. First chairman was Horatio Bottomley, who went on to become an MP and launch John Bull but was jailed for selling fake war bonds in 1922.

About 70% of sales outside the UK. Has daily editions for UK, Europe, US and Asia printed at about 25 sites. Printed on pink paper since 1893.Lex column once advised readers not to support the FT's owners Pearson in its plan to buy British Aluminium, since when the column has not covered Pearson. Website has pioneered a paid-for model with limited free access. History of the FT . One of the first daily newspapers to exploit the potential of the Saturday paper. FT Weekend includes the monthly How To Spend It , which is a tabloid-sized glossy, and weekly FT Magazine. Business publishing Has conference division. Magazine publishing division has 14 titles, including Investors Chronicle and The Banker. In September 2005, How to be Better Off , a quarterly magazine, with BBC Worldwide. FT Business profile Other sites The Economist was half owned by Pearson, but the company sold it to the other shareholders at the time of the FT sale; Chinese.FT.com ; sold interest in FT Deutschland to Gruner and Jahr in 2007, shortly after selling stake in French business paper Les Echos . FT Deutschland closed in November 2013.

Edinburgh-based daily sold to Johnston Press in 2005 Scotland on Sunday Sunday sister to Scotsman sold to Johnston Press in 2005 The Business (folded into The Spectator) Launched in April 1996 by Tom Rubython as The Sunday Business. Went into receivership a year later. Bought by Barclay brothers and relaunched in February 1998. In July 2006, announced intention to relaunch title in October as a weekly business magazine coming out on Thursdays. Running of the title to be combined with The Spectator and arts and antiques magazine Apollo. However, closed in early 2008 (in favour of launching a business magazine off the back of The Spectator). The European Weekly colour broadsheet launched by infamous Robert Maxwell. Bought by Barclays in 1992 after his death. In July 1997 plans were set out to transform The European into an upmarket magazine but it closed in 1998. European case study The Daily Telegraph Britain's best-selling quality paper with strong news and sports coverage. Right-wing (nickname: the Torygraph). Sister paper the Sunday Telegraph.

Failed to hold on to a million sales a day, after long price-cutting campaign by the Times. Had overtaken the Times soon after its launch in 1855 (originally as The Daily Telegraph and Courier) when the price was cut to a penny. The re-introduction of the word 'The' in the paper's title was the subject of a front-page news item when Max Hastings took over as editor. The first of the UK broadsheets to mount a significant web presence (although the Guardian's Online section on a Thursday had long used electronic bulletin boards and e-mail). Also has special interest 'satellite' sites. In 2006, an internal reorganisation saw many redundancies and the launch of a digital newsroom. The Spectator Right-wing political weekly magazine carrying quality writing. Established 1828. Claims to be the oldest continuously-published magazine in the English language. Bought by Conrad Black in 1988. Glorious history of publishing some of Britain's most famous writers since the Victorian era.

String of recent famous editors includes: Anthony Howard (-1979); Alexander Chancellor (1979-84); Charles Moore (1984-90); Dominic Lawson (1990-95), son of Nigel Lawson, the former Conservative Chancellor under Margaret Thatcher; Frank Johnson (1995-2000); Boris Johnson (2000-06); Matthew d'Ancona (2007-). See: To Convey Intelligence: The Spectator 1928-98 by Simon Courtauld, Profile, 1999. Other Telegraph sites Several attempts to create brands based around newspaper readership faltered and these have been rebranded as part of the paper: Juiced student magazine; Internet for Schools; The Planet for travel; Connected brand based on Tuesday's science and technology pages no longer used; Global Network for ex-pats based on weekly overseas version of the paper; Telegraph Appointments Plus. Books Online now run by Splashweb. Other launches sold or closed down: UK Max search engine; luxury goods portal Best of British sold to Whittards in June 2000.

Handbag.com sold to National Magazine Company (now Hearst Magazines UK). Had been launched with Boots in October 1999 targeting women with a free ISP. Boots claimed 90% of all UK women went through its doors each week and the Electronic Telegraph reached a million online. Other Trinity Mirror plc (Mirror) Claims to be the biggest UK newspaper publisher with 250 titles. Formed from takeover of Mirror Group by Trinity regional group in 1999. Announced £150m web strategy in 2000 to create offshoots of ic24 internet service provider. Earlier, Mirror Group had been bought from Reed International by the infamous Robert Maxwell in 1986. Sold after his death in 1991 to a group headed by David Montgomery with, for the first four months, Lord Hollick as chairman. Group strategy fell apart in early 1999 with acrimonious departure of chief executive David Montgomery (nick-named Rommel: 'because Monty was on our side') in dispute with chairman Victor Blank. Sold off 18% share in Scottish Media Group to Granada as part of restructuring in March 1999.

Then bought by Trinity. National newspapers divided into MGN Ltd and Scottish Daily Record & Sunday Mail Ltd. Some 240 regional newspapers run as 10 operating businesses account for almost a quarter of the regional market. The Mirror Popular, Labour Party-supporting 'red-top' tabloid founded in 1903 by Irish-born Alfred Harmsworth (later Viscount Northcliffe). He had made his first fortune with Answers magazine founded in 1888. The largest-selling paper from the 1930s until the 1970s, when it was overtaken by Rupert Murdoch's Sun. In the 1980s, a circulation battle with the Sun saw Robert Maxwell introduce a £1 million bingo prize - and put himself on the cover promoting it. First mass market daily to use colour regularly (1988), though smaller circulation Today had colour and the Mirror's Scottish sister, the Daily Record earlier. New Day In February 2016, Trinity announced the launch of a national 'cheapsheet' weekday paper: ' The New Day , which will run to 40 pages every day, will be printed on high quality news print and be visually striking.

It will be available for free from over 40,000 retailers on its first day, Monday 29 February, and then will trial at 25p for two weeks before retailing at 50p after that.' It would compete with the 40p i, bought that same month by regional group Johnston Press. Racing Post and Sporting Life Sporting Life founded in 1859, but merged with Racing Post in May 1998 by Mirror Group. Trinity Mirror sold Racing Post for £170m to Irish private equity group FL Partners in October 2007. The Post had been launched by Sheikh Mohamed in 1986, but sold to the Mirror in December 1997. Plans to re-launch the Life as a daily sporting paper, along a Continental model, dropped in March 1999. However, the name lives on as a website and betting venture as part of BSkyB. Sporting Life was commonly known as the Queen Mother's favourite newspaper.

Jamie Reid in a commentary on its closure (Guardian, 5/3/99, p23) said: 'Whenever a British film in the Forties and Fifties wanted to signify that some George Cole or Terry Thomas character was a touch wide, they would show them smoking a Players Navy Cut and reading the Sporting Life'. According to research quoted by Roy Greenslade (Guardian Media, 8/3/99, p4), a daily sporting paper might achieve of 220,000 copies a day (plus or minus 40,000). This was based on a cover price of 40p with a weekday pagination of 48 and 80 pages on a Sunday. However, the marketing bill would have been £10 million in the first year and Mirror group was in poor financial shape following the departure of chief executive David Montgomery a month before and a bidding war which had broken out for the group between regional newspaper groups Trinity and Regional Independent Media. (Scotland) sister to the Daily Record.

Regional newspapers Mirror Group Regional Newspapers, a top five regional company with 44 papers, including Midland Independent Newspapers acquired in 1997 (Birmingham Post and Evening Mail) and Northern Ireland's number two title, the News Letter. Racing Post and Sporting Life Sporting Life founded in 1859, but merged with Racing Post in May 1998 by Mirror Group. Trinity Mirror sold Racing Post for £170m to Irish private equity group FL Partners in October 2007. The Post had been launched by Sheikh Mohamed in 1986, but sold to the Mirror in December 1997. Plans to re-launch the Life as a daily sporting paper, along a Continental model, dropped in March 1999. However, the name lives on as a website and betting venture as part of BSkyB. Sporting Life was commonly known as the Queen Mother's favourite newspaper.

Jamie Reid in a commentary on its closure (Guardian, 5/3/99, p23) said: 'Whenever a British film in the Forties and Fifties wanted to signify that some George Cole or Terry Thomas character was a touch wide, they would show them smoking a Players Navy Cut and reading the Sporting Life'. According to research quoted by Roy Greenslade (Guardian Media, 8/3/99, p4), a daily sporting paper might achieve of 220,000 copies a day (plus or minus 40,000). This was based on a cover price of 40p with a weekday pagination of 48 and 80 pages on a Sunday. However, the marketing bill would have been £10 million in the first year and Mirror group was in poor financial shape following the departure of chief executive David Montgomery a month before and a bidding war which had broken out for the group between regional newspaper groups Trinity and Regional Independent Media.

Other Launched web portal in March 1999 as ic24 (later bought by PlusNet ) with offshoots in 2000: icShowbiz; icChoice; icSport and icTravel. Also 14 regional sites. Sports sites Soccerbase (now part of Racing Post) and Cricketbase. Sells its archive of pictures and cartoons such as Andy Capp at Mirrorpix . In 1998, launched internet paper dot.com, distributed free with Wharf, a local paper for Canary Wharf, where the papers are based in London's Docklands. Live TV cable channel sold off in 1999 and some papers in Northern Ireland. In July 2006, sold trade magazines and exhibition business Inside Communications to private equity-backed Ocean Media for £41.5m

Question: Which newspaper was launched in 1986 as “Britain’s first full-colour low cost tabloid”?
Answer: Today