Dolomite Mineral | Uses and Properties Dolomite A common rock-forming mineral and the primary constituent of a sedimentary rock known as "dolostone" Dolomite crystals: Dolomite crystals from Penfield, New York. This specimen is approximately 3 inches (6.7 centimeters) across. Dolomite: A Mineral and a Rock "Dolomite" is a word that is used by geologists in two different ways: 1) as the name of the mineral dolomite; and, 2) as the name of a rock known as dolomite, dolostone, or dolomite rock. This page is about the mineral dolomite. If you are looking for an article about the rock, please go here . Granular Dolomite: Dolomitic marble from Thornwood, New York. This specimen is approximately 3 inches (6.7 centimeters) across. What is Dolomite? Dolomite is a common rock-forming mineral. It is a calcium magnesium carbonate with a chemical composition of CaMg(CO3)2. It is the primary component of the sedimentary rock known as dolostone and the metamorphic rock known as dolomitic marble .

Limestone that contains some dolomite is known as dolomitic limestone. Dolomite is rarely found in modern sedimentary environments, but dolostones are very common in the rock record. They can be geographically extensive and hundreds to thousands of feet thick. Most rocks that are rich in dolomite were originally deposited as calcium carbonate muds that were postdepositionally altered by magnesium-rich pore water to form dolomite. Dolomite is also a common mineral in hydrothermal veins. There it is often associated with barite , fluorite , pyrite , chalcopyrite , galena , or sphalerite . In these veins it often occurs as rhombohedral crystals which sometimes have curved faces. Physical Properties of Dolomite Hexagonal Uses Construction aggregate, cement manufacture, dimension stone, calcined to produce lime, sometimes an oil and gas reservoir, a source of magnesia for the chemical industry, agricultural soil treatments, metallurgical flux Dolostone: Dolostone from Lee, Massachusetts. The "sugary" sparkle displayed by this rock is caused by light reflecting from tiny dolomite cleavage faces. This specimen is approximately 4 inches (10 centimeters) across.

Physical Properties of Dolomite The physical properties of dolomite that are useful for identification are presented in the table on this page. Dolomite has three directions of perfect cleavage. This may not be evident when the dolomite is fine-grained. However, when it is coarsely crystalline the cleavage angles can easily be observed with a hand lens. Dolomite has a Mohs hardness of 3 1/2 to 4 and is sometimes found in rhombohedral crystals with curved faces. Dolomite produces a very weak reaction to cold, dilute hydrochloric acid ; however, if the acid is warm or if the dolomite is powdered, a much stronger acid reaction will be observed. (Powdered dolomite can easily be produced by scratching it on a streak plate.) Dolomite is very similar to the mineral calcite . Calcite is composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), while dolomite is a calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO3)2). These two minerals are one of the most common pairs to present a mineral identification challenge in the field or classroom. The best way to tell these minerals apart is to consider their hardness and acid reaction.

Calcite has a hardness of 3, while dolomite is slightly harder at 3 1/2 to 4. Calcite is also strongly reactive with cold hydrochloric acid, while dolomite will effervesce weakly with cold hydrochloric acid. Dolomite aggregate: Dolostone, used for asphalt paving from Penfield, New York. These specimens are approximately 1/2 inch to 1 inch (1.3 centimeters to 2.5 centimeters) across. Solid Solution and Substitution Dolomite occurs in a solid solution series with ankerite (CaFe(CO3)2). When small amounts of iron are present, the dolomite has a yellowish to brownish color. Dolomite and ankerite are isostructural. Kutnahorite (CaMn(CO3)2) also occurs in solid solution with dolomite. When small amounts of manganese are present, the dolomite will be colored in shades of pink. Kutnahorite and dolomite are isostructural. Dolomitic marble from Thornwood, New York. This specimen is approximately 4 inches (10 centimeters) across.

The best way to learn about minerals is to study with a collection of small specimens that you can handle, examine, and observe their properties. Inexpensive mineral collections are available in the Geology.com Store . Uses of Dolomite Dolomite as a mineral has very few uses. However, dolostone has an enormous number of uses because it occurs in deposits that are large enough to mine. The most common use for dolostone is in the construction industry. It is crushed and sized for use as a road base material, an aggregate in concrete and asphalt, railroad ballast, rip-rap, or fill. It is also calcined in the production of cement and cut into blocks of specific size known as "dimension stone." Dolomite's reaction with acid also makes it useful. It is used for acid neutralization in the chemical industry, in stream restoration projects, and as a soil conditioner. Dolomite is used as a source of magnesia (MgO), a feed additive for livestock, a sintering agent and flux in metal processing, and as an ingredient in the production of glass, bricks, and ceramics. Dolomite serves as the host rock for many lead , zinc , and copper deposits.

These deposits form when hot, acidic hydrothermal solutions move upward from depth through a fracture system that encounters a dolomitic rock unit. These solutions react with the dolomite, which causes a drop in pH that triggers the precipitation of metals from solution. Dolomite also serves as an oil and gas reservoir rock. During the conversion of calcite to dolomite, a volume reduction occurs. This can produce pore spaces in the rock that can be filled with oil or natural gas that migrate in as they are released from other rock units. This makes the dolomite a reservoir rock and a target of oil and gas drilling. Dolomite: A sedimentary rock known as dolostone or dolomite rock Dolomite A sedimentary rock similar to limestone. Also known as "dolostone" and "dolomite rock." "The Dolomites" are a mountain range in northeastern Italy and part of the Italian Alps. They are one of the largest exposures of dolomite rock on Earth - from which the name is obtained. The Dolomites are a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Image © iStockphoto / Dan Breckwoldt.

Dolomite: A Mineral and a Rock "Dolomite" is a word that is used by geologists in two different ways: 1) as the name of the mineral dolomite; and, 2) as the name of a rock known as dolomite, dolostone, or dolomite rock. This page is about dolomite rock. If you are looking for an article about the mineral, please go here . Dolomite rock: A specimen of fine-grained dolomite rock from Lee, Massachusetts. It is about four inches (ten centimeters) across. What is Dolomite? Dolomite, also known as "dolostone" and "dolomite rock," is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of the mineral dolomite , CaMg(CO3)2. Dolomite is found in sedimentary basins worldwide. It is thought to form by the postdepositional alteration of lime mud and limestone by magnesium-rich groundwater. Dolomite and limestone are very similar rocks. They share the same color ranges of white-to-gray and white-to-light brown (although other colors such as red, green, and black are possible).

They are approximately the same hardness, and they are both soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. They are both crushed and cut for use as construction materials and used for their ability to neutralize acids. Rock & Mineral Kits: Get a rock, mineral, or fossil kit to learn more about Earth materials. The best way to learn about rocks is to have specimens available for testing and examination. Dolomitization Dolomite is very common in the rock record, but the mineral dolomite is rarely observed forming in sedimentary environments. For this reason it is believed that most dolomites form when lime muds or limestones are modified by postdepositional chemical change. Dolomite originates in the same sedimentary environments as limestone - warm, shallow, marine environments where calcium carbonate mud accumulates in the form of shell debris, fecal material, coral fragments, and carbonate precipitates. Dolomite is thought to form when the calcite (CaCO3) in carbonate mud or limestone is modified by magnesium-rich groundwater. The available magnesium facilitates the conversion of calcite into dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2).

This chemical change is known as "dolomitization." Dolomitization can completely alter a limestone into a dolomite, or it can partially alter the rock to form a "dolomitic limestone." Dolomite aggregate: Dolomite aggregate used for asphalt paving, from Penfield, New York. These specimens are approximately 1/2 inch to 1 inch (1.3 centimeters to 2.5 centimeters) across. Identification in the Field and Classroom Dolomite is slightly harder than limestone. Dolomite has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4, and limestone (composed of the mineral calcite) has a hardness of 3. Dolomite is slightly less soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. Calcite will effervesce vigorously in contact with cold, dilute (5%) hydrochloric acid, while dolomite produces a very weak effervescence. These differences are often not significant enough to make a positive identification in the field. Distinguishing the rocks in the field is further complicated by a compositional continuum that ranges from limestone to dolomitic limestone to dolomite. A chemical analysis that determines the relative abundances of calcium and magnesium is needed to accurately name the rocks.

Dolostone: Photograph of a specimen of the Little Falls Dolostone from Herkimer County, New York. This dolostone is the host rock for the doubly-terminated quartz crystals known as " Herkimer Diamonds ." It is vuggy, has a high silica content, and is much harder and tougher than the typical dolomite. The Herkimer Diamonds are found in petroleum-lined vugs in the rock unit. Part of a Herkimer Diamond is visible in the large vug on the left side of this specimen. "Dolomite Rock" and "Dolostone" Some geologists are uncomfortable using the word "dolomite" for both a mineral and a rock of the same composition. They instead prefer using "dolomite rock" or "dolostone" when speaking of the sedimentary rock and "dolomite" when speaking of the mineral . Although these terms simplify communication and improve accuracy, many geologists continue to use the word "dolomite" for both the mineral and the rock. Granular dolomite: A specimen of coarsely crystalline dolomitic marble from Thornwood, New York. This specimen is approximately 3 inches (6.7 centimeters) across.

Metamorphism of Dolomite Dolomite behaves like limestone when it is subjected to heat and pressure. It begins to recrystallize as the temperature rises. As this occurs, the size of the dolomite crystals in the rock increases, and the rock develops a distinctly crystalline appearance. If you examine the photo of granular dolomite, you will see that the rock is composed of easily recognizable dolomite crystals. The coarse crystalline texture is a sign of recrystallization, most often caused by metamorphism. Dolomite that has been transformed into a metamorphic rock is called "dolomitic marble." Lime kiln: Dolomite and limestone have been heated in kilns to produce lime for thousands of years. This stone structure is the Olema Lime Kiln, located in Marin County, California. It was built in 1850 for the production of lime. National Park Service photo. Uses of Dolomite Dolomite and limestone are used in similar ways. They are crushed and used as an aggregate in construction projects. They are kiln-fired in the manufacture of cement. They are cut into blocks and slabs for use as a dimension stone. They are calcined to produce lime.

In some of these uses, dolomite is preferred. Its greater hardness makes it a superior construction material. Its lower solubility makes it more resistant to the acid content of rain and soil. The dolomitization process results in a slight volume reduction when limestone is converted into dolomite. This can produce a porosity zone in the strata where dolomitization has occurred. These pore spaces can be traps for subsurface fluids like oil and natural gas . This is why dolomite is often a reservoir rock that is sought in the exploration for oil and natural gas. Dolomite can also serve as a host rock for lead , zinc , and copper deposits. In the chemical industry, dolomite is used as a source of magnesia (MgO). The steel industry uses dolomite as a sintering agent in processing iron ore and as a flux in the production of steel. In agriculture, dolomite is used as a soil conditioner and as a feed additive for livestock. Dolomite is used in the production of glass and ceramics. Dolomite has been used as a minor source of magnesium, but today most magnesium is produced from other sources. University of Minnesota’s Mineral Pages: Dolomite Hide...

Dolomite is best identified on the basis of its softness, well-developed rhombic cleavage, and its reaction with dilute acid when dolomite is crushed into a powder. It will not react as vigorously with dilute acid as calcite and aragonite, the only other common minerals that effervesce in dilute acid. Calcite (and Aragonite): Calcite and aragonite are polymorphs of one another that often exhibit a similar appearance to dolomite, and share many of its physical properties. All three minerals often share a related origin from marine sedimentary deposition, so it is not unusual for them to be associated together. The easiest way to distinguish dolomite from calcite or aragonite is that the latter two will easily react with dilute acid at room temperature. In contrast, dolomite will only react with dilute acid to effervesce (form bubbles) if the acid is heated or if the dolomite is first crushed into a powder to increase its surface area. As heating acid can be a dangerous proposition, in earth science classrooms a nail is usually used to crush part of a sample into a fine powder to test with room temperature dilute acid.

Gypsum: Gypsum can also form translucent crystals and may be associated with dolomite, but gypsum only has one very well developed cleavage plane, while dolomite has three that form well-developed rhombs. Unlike dolomite, gypsum does not react with dilute acid to form bubbles even if it is crushed to produce a powder, although the gypsum powder may simply dissolve without producing bubbles. Quartz Quartz crystals and masses may have the same luster as dolomite, but quartz does not exhibit cleavage and is much harder than dolomite. Unlike dolomite, quartz cannot be easily scratched by a nail and will easily scratch a glass plate. Chert Chert is a rock composed of very small microscopic quartz crystals. It can be distinguished from dolomite because it is much harder than dolomite. Chert cannot be easily scratched by a nail and will easily scratch a glass plate. It also will not react with dilute acid as dolomite powder does. Potassium or Plagioclase Feldspar The feldspar minerals may have the same color and luster as some dolomite varieties, but they can be easily distinguished on the basis of their hardness. Unlike dolomite, feldspar minerals are harder than glass and cannot be easily scratched by a nail.

Cleavage faces in feldspar minerals also meet at right angles, unlike dolomite’s rhombohedral cleavage. Finally, feldspar minerals will not react with dilute acid as dolomite powder will. Dolostone Confusing dolostone and dolomite is not an error in identification, but is simply a minor error in terms. Dolostone is the name for a rock that is primarily composed of the mineral dolomite. Distinguishing between rock and mineral terms is important though, as a dolostone rock may contain other minerals in addition to its dolomite. Did you know... Dolomite is one of our major sources for the concrete so essential to modern society’s road and building infrastructure. Crystals of dolomite are common in hydrothermal vein deposits and in sedimentary rocks, where they fill pores in their host rock. By volume, however, most dolomite occurs in its massive form as dolostone or mixed dolostone/limestone sedimentary rocks. These dolostone rocks originally formed as limestone marine deposits on ancient shallow seafloors that were later altered to dolostone as magnesium-rich waters moved through them.

Dolostones that formed from the alteration of limestone rock can retain much of the rock’s original depositional textures, such as fossils, bedding, and other sedimentary features, although sometimes all of this original fabric was lost as the rock recrystallized. Description and Identifying Characteristics Most often found as a massive, white to buff or gray, carbonate rock-forming mineral, dolomite is one of the three most abundant carbonate minerals, calcite and aragonite being the other two. Dolomite differs from calcite and aragonite in its crystal structure. In dolomite crystals, layers of carbonate ions alternate with layers of magnesium and calcium ions, rather than only having layers of calcium ions alternate with carbonate ions as in calcite and aragonite. Dolomite crystals usually form transparent to translucent rhombs that are colorless to light-colored, although crystals may be red to brown if iron impurities are present. Some dolomite crystals also exhibit crystal faces that form slightly curved surfaces, rather than flat planes. Pure samples of dolomite and calcite may have a similar appearance and share many properties, so the easiest way to distinguish them is by their reaction with room temperature dilute acid.

Calcite (and aragonite) will readily react with acid to form small bubbles (effervescence). Dolomite will only effervesce if the mineral is ground up into powder (or if the acid is heated). Unfortunately, natural massive samples often consist of a mixture of the two minerals, so it is sometimes difficult to distinguish whether dolomite is present in a mixed massive sample. Iron may also substitute for some of the magnesium in dolomite, so dolomite may grade into siderite, an iron carbonate (FeCO3), although dolomite is far more abundant than siderite. ^ Top In Our Earth: The Geologic Importance of Dolomite Dolomite forms in hydrothermal veins or as a pore-filling mineral in carbonate rocks, and more rarely as an accessory component in igneous pegmatites or altered mafic igneous rocks. By far though, most dolomite occurs in altered sedimentary marine rocks called dolostones or in marbles formed from the metamorphism of dolostone. Because dolostones are composed primarily of the mineral dolomite, geologists once used the term ‘dolomite’ for both the mineral and the rock.

The term is now only used for the mineral, since a dolostone may include other minerals besides dolomite. Few dolostones are primary in origin. In other words, they did not originally form as dolostone, but instead formed from the alteration of limestone rock as magnesium-rich water moved through the limestone, altering its calcite and aragonite into dolomite. The main exception to this is primary dolomite that forms in evaporitic settings as a relatively late product of seawater evaporation. These primary dolomites are rare though. One of the more unusual primary occurrences of dolomite (where dolomite is precipitated directly from a fluid, rather than forming as an alteration of a pre-existing mineral) occurs in the kidneys of Dalmatian dogs! It appears this geologic peculiarity is unique to Dalmatians, as other dogs do not precipitate dolomite kidney. Secondary sedimentary dolomites can be broadly separated into two informal groups. Many sedimentary dolomites occur from alteration of calcite and aragonite relatively soon after their own formation, resulting in regionally extensive masses of bedded dolostone.

Other secondary sedimentary dolomites form from alteration of calcite and aragonite long after these minerals had originally formed. These latter dolomites tend to form dolostone masses along fractures and faults that serve as pathways for magnesium-bearing fluids that altered the calcite and aragonite deposits. The resulting dolostone tends to cut across the rocks’ original bedding rather than follow the bedding texture. In both groups, the alteration of calcite and aragonite to dolomite may be very selective. Fossils composed of pure calcite may be less likely to be altered and may remain as calcite fossils in an otherwise dolomite rock. As calcite dissolves more easily than dolomite, such calcite fossils can later be dissolved to leave fossil molds in the dolostone rock. Dolomite crystals also line or fill pores in carbonate limestone and dolostone rocks or in hydrothermal veins. Other important dolomite occurrences include marble rocks formed from the alteration of sedimentary dolostone, and dolomite associated with altered ultramafic igneous rocks like serpentinite. In sedimentary dolostones, dolomite is most often associated with calcite, aragonite, gypsum, anhydrite, chert, and halite.

Vein deposits of dolomite occur with quartz and other common vein minerals, such as calcite, magnesite, fluorite, siderite, and sphalerite, or with metallic ore minerals such as galena, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Although uncommon, when dolomite occurs in altered ultramafic igneous rocks, it may be associated with magnesite, serpentine, and talc. ^ Top In Our Society: The Economic Importance of Dolomite Dolomite shares a broadly similar chemistry with other carbonate minerals like calcite and aragonite, and consequently is used in much the same way. By volume, the most important uses of dolomite are in the production of concrete and as aggregate construction material. Significant amounts of dolomite are also used as dolostone and dolomitic marble building stones and in the manufacture of glass and ceramic glazes. In industry, dolomite is an important source for magnesium and calcium metals, and is used as a flux for metallurgy. A flux is a material that melts easily and can be used to remove impurities from metal ores or to make the slag produced by metal ore smelting more fluid so it can be disposed of more easily.

In agriculture, powdered dolomite is also an important component of many fertilizers and animal feeds. Smaller amounts of dolomite are also used for human consumption as a mineral supplement and as an antacid, although to a lesser degree than calcite. Dolomite is even used in facial creams and toothpaste. Usually minerals are named after a famous geographic locality where they occur, but dolomite was named for a French geologist named Deodat de Dolomieu (1750-1801) who first identified its chemical composition, and whose scientific career had a rather inauspicious beginning. Deodat de Dolomieu’s earlier choice of a military career came to an abrupt end after he was condemned to death at the age of eighteen for killing a fellow soldier in a duel. He was pardoned, but decided to spend the remainder of his life pursuing rocks and minerals rather than military glory. One of the areas where he worked was a mountain range in northeastern Italy that was later christened the ‘Dolomites’ after Deodat de Dolomieu.

^ Top Dolomite in the Upper Midwest: Dolomite is abundant throughout most of the upper Midwest, being the primary mineral comprising most of the Paleozoic carbonate units that cover this region. Thousands of quarries in these rock units provided the bulk of the carbonate used locally for concrete in building and road construction. One of the more common, relatively inexpensive building stones used in the region is a porous dolostone known by the geologically incorrect label of ‘Winona Travertine’. A true travertine is a porous carbonate rock that is precipitated from groundwater at a spring or in a cave. In contrast, the ‘Winona Travertine’ is a dolostone that formed as an alteration of a marine limestone. Its pores are the void spaces left by the dissolution of calcite fossils and fragments. Trace fossils of burrowing organisms also extend throughout this dolostone, giving it a decorative pattern that increases its worth as building stone. Although dolomite is not as soluble as calcite, the abundance of local dolomite also contributes to the ‘hard’ water problems common to Upper Midwest.

Dolomite: CaMg(CO3)2: Mineral: Dolomite Exporter: Dolomite Powder: Dolomite Packing: Calcium Magnesium Carbonate • Chemistry: CaMg(CO3)2, Calcium Magnesium Carbonate • Class: Carbonates • Uses: in some cement, as a source of magnesium and as mineral specimens. • Specimens Dolomite, which is named for the French mineralogist Deodat de Dolomieu, is a common sedimentary rock-forming mineral that can be found in massive beds several hundred feet thick. They are found all over the world and are quite common in sedimentary rock sequences. These rocks are called appropriately enough dolomite or dolomitic limestone. Disputes have arisen as to how these dolomite beds formed and the debate has been called the "Dolomite Problem". Dolomite at present time does not form on the surface of the earth; yet massive layers of dolomite can be found in ancient rocks. That is quite a problem for sedimentologists who see sandstones, shales and lime stones formed today almost before their eyes. Why no dolomite?

Well there are no good simple answers, but it appears that dolomite rock is one of the few sedimentary rocks that undergoes a significant mineralogical change after it is deposited. They are originally deposited as calcite/aragonite rich lime stones, but during a process call diagenesis the calcite and/or aragonite is altered to dolomite. The process is not metamorphism, but something just short of that. Magnesium rich ground waters that have a significant amount of salinity are probably crucial and warm, tropical near ocean environments are probably the best source of dolomite formation. Dolomite in addition to the sedimentary beds is also found in metamorphic marbles, hydrothermal veins and replacement deposits. Except in its pink, curved crystal habit dolomite is hard to distinguish from its second cousin, calcite. But calcite is far more common and effervesces easily when acid is applied to it. But this is not the case with dolomite which only weakly bubbles with acid and only when the acid is warm or the dolomite is powdered. Dolomite is also slightly harder, denser and never forms scalenohedrons (calcite's most typical habit).

Dolomite differs from calcite, CaCO3, in the addition of magnesium ions to make the formula, CaMg(CO3)2. The magnesium ions are not the same size as calcium and the two ions seem incompatible in the same layer. In calcite the structure is composed of alternating layers of carbonate ions, CO3, and calcium ions. In dolomite, the magnesiums occupy one layer by themselves followed by a carbonate layer which is followed by an exclusively calcite layer and so forth. Why the alternating layers? It is probably the significant size difference between calcium and magnesium and it is more stable to group the differing sized ions into same sized layers. Other carbonate minerals that have this alternating layered structure belong to the Dolomite Group. Dolomite is the principle member of the Dolomite Group of minerals which includes ankerite, the only other somewhat common member. Dolomite forms rhombohedrons as its typical crystal habit. But for some reason, possibly twinning, some crystals curve into saddle-shaped crystals. These crystals represent a unique crystal habit that is well known as classical dolomite. Not all crystals of dolomite are curved and some impressive specimens show well formed, sharp rhombohedrons.

The luster of dolomite is unique as well and is probably the best illustration of a pearly luster. The pearl-like effect is best seen on the curved crystals as a sheen of light can sweep across the curved surface. Dolomite can be several different colors, but colorless and white are very common. However it is dolomite's pink color that sets another unique characteristic for dolomite. Crystals of dolomite are well known for their typical beautiful pink color, pearly luster and unusual crystal habit and it is these clusters that make very attractive specimens. Dolomite is after calcite the second most important and abundant of the carbonate minerals. Chemically and structurally it may be regarded as calcite with half the calcium ions replaced by magnesium. Iron or manganese may substitute for magnesium in dolomite, forming isostructural series with ankerite and Kutnahorite. The crystal structure, hexagonal-rhombohedral, is similar to that of calcite, with alternate layers of calcium ions totally replaced by magnesium. This ordered arrangement of cations slightly impairs the overall symmetry of the structure but is essential to the stability of the mineral.

Hardness is 4.5-5, specific gravity 2.85, luster vitreous to pearly, color ranges from colorless to white with green, brown, or pink tints, and cleavage is perfect in three directions. Like calcite, dolomite occurs in virtually all geologic settings: in igneous rocks as carbonatite, in metamorphic rocks as marble, and in hydrothermal deposits. Also like calcite, the most abundant occurrences are in sedimentary rocks; rock composed primarily of dolomite is sometimes referred to as dolostone. There is uncertainty as to the cause of its formation, as vast deposits are present in ancient rock, but it is very rarely found being produced in modern environments. This is referred to as the "Dolomite Problem". Dolomite accounts for about 10% of all sedimentary rock, including much that would have been produced near the surface of the Earth. However, experiments have only been able to synthesize dolomite under the high temperatures and pressures present in deeper layers. Dolomite Physical Characteristics 99.885 Dolomite Habits Crystalline - Coarse - Occurs as well-formed coarse sized crystals.

Massive - Uniformly indistinguishable crystals forming large masses., Blocky - Rhombohedral - Crystal shape resemb les rhomohedrons. Associated Minerals include albite, anatase, calcite, chlorite group, fluorapatite, fluorite, galena, gmelinite, marcasite, molybdenite, pyrite, quartz, rutile, siderite and sphalerite Crystal habits include saddle shaped rhombohedral twins and simple rhombs some with slightly curved faces, also prismatic, massive, granular and rock forming. Streak is white. The Dolomite Group of Minerals The Dolomite Group is composed of minerals with an unusual trigonal bar 3 symmetry. The general formula of this group is AB(CO3)2, where A can be either calcium, barium and/or strontium and the B can be either iron, magnesium, zinc and/or manganese. The structure of the Dolomite Group is taken from the Calcite Group structure. The Calcite Group structure is layered with alternating carbonate layers and metal ion layers.

The structure of the Dolomite Group minerals is layered in such a way that the A metal ions occupy one layer which is followed by a carbonate layer which is followed by the B metal ion layer followed by another carbonate (CO3) layer, etc. The layering looks like this: |A|CO3|B|CO3|A|CO3|B|CO3|A|... This ordered layering of different or nonequivalent ions causes a loss of the two fold rotational axes and mirror planes that are present in the Calcite Group structure. Dolomite's symmetry class is bar 3 whereas the Calcite Group's symmetry class is bar 3 2/m. The loss of symmetry allows only simple crystal forms to be used by the Dolomite Group minerals, mostly rhombohedrons. Dolomite is a very common mineral and ankerite is much more scarce. The other members are considered rare to very rare. The rarity of the members of this group can be tied to the closeness in radius of the A and B ions. In dolomite the A and B ions are calcium and magnesium which have the largest ionic radius differential of the group (approximately 33%).

If the A and B ions are close in radius, then they tend to not segregate as easily into the separate A and B layers, which is required to form this structure and therefore these minerals. Minerals That Belong to the Dolomite Group • Ankerite Ca(Fe, Mg, Mn)(CO3)2 Hershel Friedman Noteworthy Localities There are many localities that produced fine Dolomite specimens. Most locations are in regions which contain an abundance of this mineral throughout the region. These regions are. Dolomite Industrial Applications Dolomite is chiefly used as refractory, ramming, and fettling material in steel melting shop, and as fluxing material in blast furnace operation in secondary steel and ferromanganese manufacture. To a lesser extent it is used in the glass industry especially in sheet-glass manufacture. It also finds use in the manufacture of mineral wool. In England, dolomite has become a useful source for the production of magnesite by reacting calcined dolomite with sea-water. The UK is meeting nearly 50% of her magnesite requirements by this method. Dolomite is also a good source of magnesium metal. The magnesium metal is extracted from dolomite by the well-known fero-silicon process.

Dolomite decomposes completely above 900ºC. The product resulting from this relatively law-temperature calcination is highly porous and reactive and is known as 'calcinated dolomite'. Dolomite is sometimes used both in the raw and calcined form as refractory material for hearth maintenance and for banking door in open hearth furnaces. For most refractory uses, it is desirable to subject the dolomite to a heat treatment at a high temperature of the order of 1700ºC, to shrink the material thoroughly and render it less reactive. Dead burnt (D.B.) dolomite is sthe term generally used for the refractory made by firing dolomite, with or without additives, at high temperature to produce dense, well-shrunk particles. In basic converters the bricks employed are generally of D.B. dolomite and sometimes also of D.B. magnesite. Dolomite bricks are kept in the outer lining because it has lower thermal conductivity than magnesite. Terms of Dolomite Use Dolomite is quarried for building and ornamental stone, road stone, and the production of refractory brick. It is the principal ore of magnesium metal and the source of the magnesium used by the chemical industry.

1. Dolomite is used to make magnesia, which has important medicinal applications. Dolomite specimens from Iran are very popular among mineral collectors and dealers. 2. Dolomite Rock is used as an ornamental and structural stone, and for extracting certain metals from their ores. It is useful in the chemical industry in the preparation of magnesium salts. 3. Dolomite occurs in a different crystal class than the Calcite Group. This can be noted by the fact that Dolomite generally forms more elongated crystals than the Calcite Group. In addition, Dolomite never occurs in scalenohedrons, whereas minerals of the Calcite Group do. Dolomite Industrial Use A major source of magnesium, particularly for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. Dolomite General Use Dolomite is used for manufacturing certain types of refractory bricks used in steel making. The dolomite is heated to a high temperature to drive off the carbonate as carbon dioxide and the remaining material, a mixture of calcium and magnesium oxides, is blended with carbon and other materials and pressed into blocks for the furnaces. The magnesium and calcium oxides have very high melting points and are an excellent, inexpensive refractory material.

Dolomite is also used as a source of magnesium oxide for making magnesium metal and for chemical uses, such as the common laxative milk-of-magnesia. Dolomitic limestone's and dolomites are mined along with limestone and used for crushed stone and aggregates for manufacture of pavement, concrete for construction and as fill material. Dolomite is also used in some cement, as a source of magnesium. Of course Dolomite is also used as mineral specimens. Dolomite specimens from the Iran are very popular among mineral collectors and dealers. The clear transparent specimens from Iran are rare and unusual, and are in high demand by Collectors. Dolomite Rock is used as an ornamental and structural stone, and for extracting certain metals from their ores. It is useful in the chemical industry in the preparation of magnesium salts. Information about the mineral specimen, gem or Crystal Dolomite Color: Colorless, white, pinkish, light tints, darker colors even black when iron is present. Cleavage: perfect in three directions Transparency: transparent to translucent Associated Minerals: barite, calcite, fluorite, sulfide ore minerals, quartz and some times with gold.

COMPOSITION: (Calcium Magnesium Carbonate) The ideal composition of dolomite is 30.4% CaO, 2 1.7% MgO, 47.9% C02. The calcium and magnesium ratio is basically 1:1. A large number of other elements may substitute for the calcium and magnesium and varieties containing manganese, iron, cobalt, lead and zinc are known. When a large amount of iron is present, the mineral ankerite forms and when excess manganese is present the mineral kutnahorite forms instead of dolomite. All these minerals have the same internal structure, but differ chemically from each other. This is known as an isomorphous series of minerals. The chemical structure may vary slightly in either direction and still be called dolomite, even when some iron has also intruded. Dolomite is the principle member of the Dolomite Group of minerals which includes ankerite, the only other somewhat common member. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: Dolomite forms rhombohedrons as its typical crystal habit. But for some reason, possibly twinning, some crystals curve into saddle shaped crystals.

These crystals represent a unique crystal habit that is well known as classical dolomite. The slow effervescence in cold acid distinguishes it from calcite which has rapid effervescence and magnesite that effervesces only in hot acid. The intermediate specific gravity will help when a pure piece can be obtained. Most often not fluorescent but some locations do. Glen Brown says as a collector of fl. minerals I know that there are a number of locations where the dolomite is fluorescent; I've found it myself in multiple locations in Utah. I have in my collection a truly amazing piece from Sweden that fluoresces very bright carmen red. You can also read about some different localities of dolomite that fluoresces in Manny Robbins latest book "Fluorescence Gems and Minerals under Fluorescent Light". ENVIRONMENT: Dolomite is a common sedimentary rock-forming mineral that can be found in massive beds known as dolomites. These beds may be several hundred feet thick. Dolomite also forms as sediments in ore veins such as limestone. Limestone where dolomite is present in more than a small amount are called dolomitic limestone. Dolomite is only rarely found in higher temperature metamorphic surroundings.

CRYSTAL DESCRIPTION: Dolomite crystals are rarer and as a rule smaller than calcite. Dolomite differs slightly in its crystal form from the other rhombohedral carbonates and does not occur in scalenohedrons. Dolomite usually forms early in a mineral series, and directly coats the wall rock, underlying minerals like calcite, sphalerite, galena, fluorite, celestite, or gypsum, which come later in the depositional sequence. Dolomite can also be prismatic, massive, granular and rock forming. TESTS: Effervesces in week hydrochloric acid or vinegar like calcite. Except calcite effervesces easily when acid is applied to it and dolomite only weakly bubbles with acid and only when the acid is warm or the dolomite is powdered. Dolomite is also slightly harder, denser and never forms scalenohedrons. (Calcite's most typical habit) LOCALITIES: The pearly clusters are particularly common in association with galena, sphalerite, and calcite in low temperature veins from sites in Midwestern quarries of the USA.

Especially in the Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma lead district and areas like our specimens from the Meridian Quarry Black Rock, Lawerence County, Arkansas. Nice dolomite crystals are found in limestone pockets in the quarries at Rochester, New York. Large fine crystals have been found in Switzerland, in pegmatitic seams in North Carolina, and in veins in Colorado. Other locals include Ontario, Canada; Pamplona, Spain and Mexico. USES: Dolomite is used for manufacturing certain types of refractory bricks used in steel making. The dolomite is heated to a high temperature to drive off the carbonate as carbon dioxide and the remaining material, a mixture of calcium and magnesium oxides, is blended with carbon and other materials and pressed into blocks for the furnaces. The magnesium and calcium oxides have very high melting points and are an excellent, inexpensive refractory material. Dolomite is also used as a source of magnesium oxide for making magnesium metal and for chemical uses, such as the common laxative milk-of-magnesia. Dolomitic limestone's and dolomites are mined along with limestone and used for crushed stone and aggregates for manufacture of pavement, concrete for construction and as fill material.

Dolomite is also used in some cements, as a source of magnesium. Of course Dolomite is also used as mineral specimens. FACTS & HISTORY: Dolomite was named for the French mineralogist Deodat de Dolomieu. There are disputes as to how these dolomite beds formed and the debate has been called the "Dolomite Problem". Dolomite at present time, does not form on the surface of the earth; yet massive layers of dolomite can be found in ancient rocks. It is thought that these dolomite beds were formed in warm ocean like environments which created a process similar to metamorphism called diagenesis. Dolomite: The mineral dolomite information and pictures Advertising Information The Mineral dolomite Dolomite is a very common mineral, and is known for its saddle-shaped curved crystal aggregates. A unique, isolated Dolomite occurrence in Eugui, Spain has provided colorless transparent crystals that resemble the Iceland Spar variety of Calcite . The occurrence of Kolwezi, in the Congo, has produced some fascinating, cobalt-rich specimens that are a beautiful hot pink color and highly popular. Dolomite forms in a different crystal class , differing from the Calcite group minerals.

This can be noted by the fact that Dolomite generally forms more elongated crystals than those of the Calcite group. In addition, Dolomite never occurs in scalenohedral crystals, whereas minerals of the Calcite group do. Dolomite is used to describe both a mineral and a rock . The mineral is the pure form with a defined crystal structure and chemical formula , whereas dolomite rock is composed chiefly of the mineral Dolomite, but also contains impurities such as Calcite , Quartz , and feldspar . USES Dolomite is used to make magnesia , which has important medicinal applications. It is important in the chemical industry for the preparation of magnesium salts. It is also used in soil mixtures to lower the acid levels of the soil. Dolomite specimens from the the Midwest localities in the Tri-State region of Oklahoma, Missouri, and Kansas are popular collector items. The clear transparent specimens from Spain and the hot-pink variety from the Congo make rare and unusual specimens that are highly sought after by collectors. Dolomite rock is used as an ornamental and structural stone, and for extracting certain metals from their ore s. NOTEWORTHY LOCALITIES Many localities have produced fine Dolomite specimens.

As it is a very common mineral, only several select ones are listed here. The most prominent European Dolomite occurrence is Eugui, Navarra, Spain, where water-clear, transparent crystals uniuque to this occurrence were found in fairly large crystal sizes. Other European localities include the Traversella, Piedmont, Italy; Binn Tal, Wallis, Switzerland; Styria, Austria; the Castilla quarry, Setiles, Spain; and Kapnik, Maramures Co., Romania. Two important African deposits, famous among collectors for the hot-pink cobalt-rich Dolomite, are Kolwezi, Katanga (Shaba), Congo (Zaire); and Bou Azzer, Morocco. Tsumeb, Namibia, was an outstanding producer of specimen-grade Dolomite, especially of the green, copper-rich type. Other rich worldwide deposits are the Shangbao mine, Hunan Province, China; Brumado, Bahia, Brazil; and Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua, Mexico. The best U.S.

occurrences of Dolomite are in the tri-state mining district of Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma, especially the localities of Picher and Joplin, Ottawa Co., Oklahoma, where curved groups of lustrous pink, peach, and white crystals occurred with Galena , Sphalerite , and Chalcopyrite . Two other good Midwest localities are Black Rock, Lawrence Co., Arkansas; and the Sweetwater Mine, Reynolds Co., Missouri. Dolomite was also found in Pennsylvania in the Binkley-Ober Quarry, Manheim, Lancaster Co. A large dolomite body extends southwest of Lake Ontario in Ontario, Canada, and crosses into the New York border at the Niagara Falls area. It runs several hundred miles through central New York. Several dolomite and limestone quarries in this area have produced nice Dolomite crystals. These include the following New York quarries: the LaFarge Quarry, Lockport, Niagara Co., New York; the Penfield Quarry, Penfield, Monroe Co.; the Walworth Quarry, Walworth, Wayne Co.; and the Herkimer Diamond mining localities. In Canada, this dolomite zone has produced nice crystals at the Canal Dump in Niagara Falls, Ontario.

Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, has produced Dolomite in the form of unusual green crystal clusters. Dolomite Crusher - News of Joyal Crusher Dolomite Crusher (Rating: 3.71 / 5 - total 14 votes) Loading... Date: 2011-11-09 Introduction to Dolomite Mine Dolomite mining is important for industry. Dolomite is kind of carbonate mineral which includes iron dolomite and manganese dolomite. Dolomite is the main mineral component composed of dolomite and dolomite limestone. The dolomite can be used in building materials, porcelain, glass and refractory after dolomite crushing. In chemical industry, agriculture, environmental protection, energy conservation, etc, the dolomite is in a great demand too and so the dolomite crusher is widely applied. The dolomite is mainly used as the flux of Basic Refractories and blast furnace. Here you can choose best dolomite crusher machines for dolomite crushing. Dolomite Application in Industry Application in metallurgical industry: In the metallurgical industry, dolomites are mainly used as flux, refractories, refining of metal magnesium and magnesium compounds after dolomite mining.

The usage in building materials industry: Calcined dolomite can be processed to make dolomitic limestone which is of good White, strong adhesion, coagulation power, Fire-resistant, heat insulation. In these stages, dolomite crusher equipments are needed. Therefore the dolomite is suitable for Interior and exterior wall coating. The calcined dolomite can be used in Magnesium chloride cement and concrete curing. After adding other brasque, they can be used for flooring. What’s more, the dolomites can be directly used as building materials. There are many dolomite crushing machines which can help broad dolomite application in dolomite mining or quarrying. Application in chemical industry: In chemical industry, the dolomite is mainly used to produce chemicals, such as Magnesium sulfate, Light magnesium carbonate, etc. Dolomite crusher can crush the stone to required fineness which is suitable to production. Apart from all these above, the crushed dolomite powder has been widely applied in agriculture, filler, etc. After dolomite mining and crushing, we can use it to make more products which are often used in various of industries. Dolomite Crusher Case Introduction Mechanized shaft kiln system is more mature application process system at home and abroad.

The system adopts automation control which greatly reduces the labor intensity While completely eliminating of the human factors. From the first mixing, loading to roasting, discharging, the mechanized shaft kiln system adopts automatic control, and is equipped with electronic measuring scale. In the automatic equipments, dolomite mining machines and dolomite crusher are also included. Therefore the various raw materials can be a good level of mixing uniformity which ensures the distributing and heating uniformity, quality and stability. Calcined dolomite will be transported into finished hopper if the degree of fineness is between 5mm and 45mm. Otherwise the calcined dolomite will be put back into the storage for recycling. In this way we can not only avoid the emission of solid waste, but also improve the grade of powder mine. Using dolomite crusher, we can easily crush the calcined dolomite and use it in production. For dolomite mining and crushing to required fineness, we usually use the jaw crusher as the first dolomite crusher equipment and the impact crusher or cone crusher is usually used as secondary or tertiary dolomite crushing machine.

In the whole dolomite crushing plant, we use vibrating feeder to transport the materials to specified machine which is similar with the usage in the mechanized shaft kiln system mentioned above. Vibrating screen machine can separate the kinds of finished products. Considering all these, we can supply you with suitable dolomite crusher machines, feeding and screening plant. Welcome to choose our dolomite crushing machine. Dolomite Crusher Dolomite crusher is the crushing machine that is used to crush dolomite ore into particle or dolomite sand. Usually dolomite sand has types as follows: 6-10 mesh, 10-20 mesh, 20-40 mesh, 40-80 mesh, 80-120 mesh. The complete dolomite crushing plant consists of dolomite crusher, vibrating feeder and vibrating screen. There are several types of stone crushers that can be used as dolomite crusher. Jaw crusher is the primary crusher that is used for primary crushing. It is the common dolomite crusher in dolomite mining. The range of final size of products can be 10-300 mm, and the capacity can be up to 100 ton/h. Impact crusher is the secondary crusher.

This crushing machine features reasonable structure, high productivity, easy operation and maintenance and safe performance. The most advantage of it is that the final particle is in good, cubic shape and without tensility and cranny. Cone crusher is the secondary or tertiary dolomite crusher, it is suitable for hard and mid-hard rocks and ores, such as iron ores, copper ores, limestone, quartz, granite, gritstone, etc. VSI crusher is also called sand making machine, it is the main machine for dolomite sand making. It is applied for the powder process of mineral product including metal and non-metal ore, fireproof materials, bauxite, diamond dust, glass raw materials, archtiectural materials, artifical sand and all kinds of metal ore materials. Dolomite grinding mill Dolomite grinding mill is the machine that is used to make dolomite into powder. In industry dolomite powder is widely used. Usually dolomite powder is 140 meshes, 325 meshes, 600 mesh, 1000 mesh, 1600 mesh.

There are several types of dolomite powder machine: ball mill, Raymond mill, trapezium mill, high pressure grinding mill, and ultrafine grinding mill . Dolomite Mining In dolomite quarry plant, according to the required finess, we design a complete domolite production line. The standard crushing process includes primary dolomite crusher such as jaw crusher, secondary crusher such as impact crusher, tertiary crusher such as cone crusher or VSI crusher, feeder machine, vibrating screen, and belt conveyor. The dolomite powder production line is consist of grinding mill, hammer crusher, deceleration machine, blower, dustpan elevator, impulse dust cleaner, piping device, cyclone collector device, clsssifier. If you need ultrafine dolomite powder, choose ultrafine grinding mill, and the finished size can up to 0.0005 mm. ore of dolomite ore of dolomite Mineral Ore - Dolomite Ore, Manganese Ore, Iron Ore and ... We are highly engaged in providing a wide range of qualitative Mineral Ores to our clients. These are available at competitive market prices and are widely known for its purity and high-grade quality. Our wide distribution ... Dolomite - Dolomite Manufacturers, Exporters Suppliers ...

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Question: Dolomite is an ore of which metal?
Answer: Magnesium