Paul Raymond Paul Raymond Saturday, 15 November 2008 12:22 Paul Raymond was the alias of Geoffrey Anthony Quinn Born: 15 November 1925, Liverpool. Died: 2 March 2008, London. Age: 82 Cause of death: Undisclosed Notable because: Went from being a drummer in a dance band to Billionaire after finding a spectacular fortune in mans love for 'tittys'. A lifelong Catholic. Reputedly at one time owned 80% of Soho. Loved and loathed in equal measure for his entrepreneurial commitment to all things erotic and insalubrious, became a symbol of Britain's apparent decline into lasciviousness. Saw one of his 2 sons only twice in his lifetime. Known as Britains 'Hugh Hefner.' Born and raised in Liverpool where he attended St. Francis Xavier's College, Raymond and his family were abandoned by his father when he was young. The outbreak of the Second World War prompted their relocation to Glossop in Derbyshire, where he was educated by the Irish Christian Brothers.

He changed his name when he tried to break into showbusiness as a mind-reader on Clacton pier at the age of 22. His self-made fortune came from pornography, property development and ownership of the Raymond Revuebar strip club and several major English erotic magazines such as Razzle, Men Only, Mayfair and the short-lived King. Models featured in his magazines included Fiona Richmond (who became Raymond's girlfriend towards the end of his marriage), Joanne Guest, Shanine Linton, Aria Giovanni and Veronica Zemanova. Raymond regularly appeared on UK rich lists and was widely believed to be a billionaire. Raymond started out by opening the Raymond Revuebar strip club in the former Doric Ballroom in Soho's Walker's Court in 1958, which was at the time the first British strip club, and continues to the present day as a cabaret venue. He was frequently referred to in the press as the "King of Soho". In later years, his fortunes waned due to competition the internet and also from "lad mags" that were not as sexually explicit as his own publications.

He began to hand over control of his empire to his daughter Debbie during the early 1990s, until her death in 1992 from an apparently accidental drugs overdose. Raymond also had two sons, the eldest from a relationship prior to his marriage. He was estranged from his ex-wife and sons. Raymond had 4 recognised grandchildren: Cheyenne and Boston Raymond, from son Howard and Fawn and India Rose James from daughter Debbie. Raymond long ago diversified beyond pornography, and had many millions tied up in property and real estate, most notably in Soho, through his company, Soho Estates. He was listed at #62 on the Sunday Times Rich List in 2004 and valued at £600 million, although it has been claimed that this was only a fraction of his wealth. Well over 6ft tall, and sporting a fake tan, Raymond was never far from the glitz of London's social scene. A lifelong Catholic, his neck would always be adorned by a gold cross, while his chauffeur drove a golden Rolls-Royce.

He took advantage of a slump in property prices at the end of the Seventies to buy freeholds in Soho, promising to convert it into a new Covent Garden. Rumour has it that he died with 60 of Soho's 87 acres to his name. His holdings are thought to include freeholds of Soho House, Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, Sugar Reef and the Whitehall and Windmill theatres. In the late Sixties he converted the latter to a dining theatre, La Vie En Rose. His marriage to Jean Bradley, a nude dancer, was dissolved in 1974 after an affair with Fiona Richmond, an acress in risqué films and plays. He invested increasing responsibility for his business in his daughter Debbie. But in November 1992, after two failed marriages, she died aged 36, after extensive alcohol, cocaine and heroin abuse. One great tragedy that blighted Raymond's rise from sleazy showman to property tycoon - the death of his daughter, Debbie.ike all his children, Debbie had had a troubled youth.

Expelled from Cheltenham Ladies College, her smart public school, she tried to make a career in showbusiness as a singer but gave up, admitting she had no talent. After a failed marriage, she gave birth to a daughter by rock musician Duncan Mackay, formerly of the group 10cc. Debbie made a second marriage to John James, the man who still runs the Raymond property arm. At the age of 36 she was editor-in-chief of Raymond's porn magazine empire, with a personal fortune already estimated at nearly £40million. Debbie was a powerful weapon in Raymond's fight to prove there was nothing sexist or exploitative in the sleazy way he had acquired his fortune. "Look," he would say to critics who accused him of demeaning women, "she has the power." In surely the most poignant turn of events for a woman who was a porn publisher by profession, she was forced to have a double mastectomy due to breast cancer and was soon relying on hu ge quantities of drugs to mask her inner turmoil. Inevitably, it was her family who paid the price. She threw her astonished husband out of the family home.

Then, in November 1992, she left her young daughters - one only ten months old - enjoying a bonfire night party at home, and sought solace in a binge session at the flat of a man she scarcely knew. By the following morning she was dead from a lethal cocktail of drink and drugs. On top of her antidepressants, cocaine and the lethal dose of heroin she had consumed, it transpired she had downed a whole bottle of vodka. Her devoted father was distraught. In the only show of emotion anyone can remember, the tough businessman broke down in tears when he heard the news. "She had everything," he said. "She had all the money in the world, beautiful house, beautiful kids, beautiful cars." It was not enough. At the inquest, as the coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death, Raymond was still weeping behind his dark glasses. But all was not well with his troubled daughter, who was plagued with insecurity and mood swings. Then, with her father's help, she seemed to have turned her life around. Paul adored his only daughter and amply rewarded the Porn Princess, as she soon became known, paying for her lavish parties and for her Porsche cars.

He bought her a luxurious house in Surrey and told her she would inherit everything on his death. Raymond never truly recovered from her loss. Inhibited by deteriorating health, he became a recluse in a penthouse next to the Ritz Hotel in London. It seems he gave up all hope. Instead of transferring his affection for Debbie to his two surviving sons, he spent the rest of his life trying to come to terms with his loss. He continued to spoil Debbie's two daughters, Fawn and India Rose, but he hardened his heart against his other grandchildren. June « 2008 « Another Nickel In The Machine Thursday, June 26th, 2008 Windmill Theatre, Tonight and Every Night 1952 For over 200 years Soho has always had a somewhat racy reputation. Prostitution had always been relatively open in the area at least until the Street Offences Act of 1959. However the number of sex-shops had always been relatively few but rose from just a handful in the early sixties to almost sixty by the early seventies. It seemed at one stage that they were almost taking over the area.

That there was corruption in Soho – essentially collusion between the ‘pornographers’ and the police in the late sixties and early seventies was an open secret amongst journalists, lawyers and the police themselves; although not many vaguely knew the extent of it. At the front the typical Soho bookshop looked relatively benign. Behind a discreet curtain there would be far harder pornography for sale. While the Soho porn industry was steadily proliferating, seemingly untouched, there was an almost ferocious police assault against, what the police thought as, politically subversive ‘obscenity’ and apologists for the ‘alternative society’. In 1970 Eugene Schuster’s London Arts Gallery was raided by the police. The gallery was closed down and Schuster was charged under the Obscene Publications Act. This was a situation not particularly abnormal for the time but this particular closure garnered an extraordinary amount of publicity. It had only been open for two days but the gallery had been showing The Bag One exhibition – 14 ‘intimate and erotic’ lithographs by John Lennon that depicted himself and his wife, Yoko Ono, in various sexual poses.

Each lithograph was for sale for £40 each or £550 for the set which included a leather hold-all to keep them in. People looking at the Lennon exhibition at Eugene Schuster's London Art's gallery in 1970 A policeman hard at work on duty outside Lennon's Bag One exhibition at London Arts gallery 1970 Soon after the closure the Director of Public Prosecutions received a letter from a member of the public, a Mr P.F.C. Fuller. The letter warned that if the court case went ahead art collections throughout the country could potentially be in trouble, including, he suggested even the Queen’s. In his letter Fuller wrote; “I understand that HM the Queen has some highly erotic work by Fragonard”. Only 300 of these bags were made. The John Lennon lithographs were placed inside.

The Bag One exhibition programme cover 'Erotica 6 - Yoko in Bed' by John Lennon John once said "If art were to redeem man, it could do so only by saving him from the seriousness of life, and restoring him to an unexpected boyishness." The summons alleged that the gallery had “exhibited to public view eight indecent prints to the annoyance of passengers, contrary to Section 54(12) of the Metropolitan Police Act, 1839, and the third schedule of the Criminal Justice Act 1967.” When the case came to court several months later, a Picasso lithograph and a catalog of Picasso drawings were produced at Marlborough Street Magistrates’ Court for comparison with John’s prints. Detective-Inspector Patrick Luff, of the Central Office, New Scotland Yard, said that when he went to the gallery on January 15 about forty people were viewing the prints. “I saw no display of annoyance from the younger age group, but one gentleman was clearly annoyed,” he said. Mr. St. John Harmsworth, the magistrate, asked: “Did he stamp his foot?” “Anger was registered on his face,” Inspector Luff replied.

The case was dismissed when the magistrate decided that John’s prints were “unlikely to deprave or corrupt.” The cover of the infamous schoolkids issue of Oz In the same year as the gallery closure and after it was accused of losing touch with their younger readers, the satirical magazine Oz reacted by inviting actual schoolchildren to edit a forthcoming May 1970 issue. It quickly became known as the Schoolkids’ Oz. The magazine’s offices had already been raided several times by the The Obscene Publications Squad (known colloquially at the time as The Dirty Squad) but the bringing together of schoolchildren and, what some considered obscene material, soon led to arrests of Oz’s actual editors. Page 36 of the Schoolkids' issue of OZ magazine. The infamous Oz obscenity trial took place in 1971 with the defendants charged with ‘conspiracy to corrupt public morals’. The magazine’s defence lawyer, the late John Mortimer QC announced at the opening of the trial [this] case stands at the crossroads of our liberty, at the boundaries of our freedom to think and draw and write what we please.

However according to the prosecution at the trial the magazine: dealt with homosexuality, lesbianism, sadism, perverted sexual practices and drug taking. Richard Neville, Jim Anderson and Felix Dennis The wig-wearing Oz editors celebrating the quashing of their conviction. November 1971 At the conclusion of what became the longest obscenity trial in British legal history, the “Oz Three” editors, Richard Neville, Jim Anderson and Felix Dennis were found guilty and Neville and Anderson were sentenced to an incredible 15 months in prison. Dennis was given a lesser sentence because the judge, Justice Michael Argyle, considered that Dennis was “very much less intelligent” than the other two defendants. Soon after the verdicts were announced the three men were taken to prison and had their heads shaved. In the early seventies long-hair was still seen as very anti-establisment and the shaving was an act that was intended to (and apparently did) cause an even greater stir to a lot of people than the already considerable outcry surrounding the trial and verdict.

The extremely unintelligent future multi-millionaire publishing magnate Felix Dennis A lot of people were starting to wonder why art gallery owners and satirical magazine editors were being continually arrested when there seemed to be any amount of hardcore pornography available in West End’s Soho. As a recent victim himself of the Dirty Squad, John Lennon lent his support to Oz and released Do The Oz to help their cause. When the Oz obscenity case went to appeal – the defendants famously appeared wearing long wigs – it was alleged by Geoffrey Robertson, one of the defence counsels, that the lord chief justice, Lord Widgery had sent his clerk to Soho to buy the hardest porn he could find. Compared to the material with which he returned, Oz magazine paled in comparison. Because of this and that the original judge, Justice Michael Argyle, had seriously misdirected the jury, the original convictions were quickly quashed. The home secretary Reginald Maudling The Conservative Home Secretary, Reginald Maudling, hauled in Detective Chief Inspector George Fenwick, at the time in charge of the Obscene Publications Squad, asking exactly why the porn barons in Soho seemed to be operating with somewhere close to impunity.

Fenwick explained to Maudling; It is an unfortunate fact of life that pornography has existed for centuries and it is unlikely that it can ever be stamped out. Maudling was shocked with this explanation, or what was rather a lame excuse, and he quickly initiated a major corruption inquiry into the Metropolitan police. The Government and the judiciary, albeit too slowly, were coming to the conclusion that there was more than the odd bad apple in the Metropolitan police. It later came out that Fenwick had brought a pornographer to Holborn Police Station and select what confiscated pornographic material he wanted for redistribution in his sex-shops. The Metropolitan Police commissioner in 1972 In 1972 Maudling appointed Robert Mark to be the new Commissioner of the Metropolitan police. To the old guard in the Met he was a provincial outsider. Mark had q reputation as ‘Mr Clean’ and the Met had nicknames for him such as the particularly witty ‘The Manchester Martinet’ and the hilarious ‘The Lone Ranger from Leicester’.

In Soho at the time it was impossible not to notice the porn shops, they had proliferated greatly in the last few years, and unusually for shops in Britain in the mid-seventies they were open seven days a week. The windows were filled with garish displays of soft-core magazines and books but with notices implying, usually correctly, that there was a wider range of harder material to be found inside. Soho in the early seventies In the same year as Mark’s appointment various Sunday tabloids exposed a connection between James Humphreys (who openly ran two strip clubs and was one of the biggest operators of pornographic bookshops in Soho) and Commander Kenneth Drury. They had both enjoyed a luxurious two week holiday in Cyprus accompanied by their wives, all paid for, of course, by the Soho pornographer. Drury was hopelessly compromised and concocted a story that he was in Cyprus looking for the train robber Ronnie Biggs and contradictorily paid for the trip himself. Nobody believed the story.

James Humphries in January 1974 James Humphries after his arrest, January 1974 Humphreys quickly realised the danger for him of appearing to his criminal associates as a police informant and announced that Drury had set up the whole thing. After a police raid at his house a diary of Humphrey’s was found in a wall-safe and open-mouthed the corruption investigators found that it unbelievably detailed payments to seventeen different policemen including Drury. Even senior policemen such as Bill Moody – Head of the Obscene Publications Squad and, incredibly, his superior Commander ‘Wally’ Virgo – a man who had overall control of nine squads including the Flying, Drugs and the Porn Squad were being paid off. List of bribes taken by Drury and two of his colleagues It was estimated that James Humphreys and his fellow porn barons were paying an extraordinary £100,000 a year to corrupt policemen enabling them to continue selling porn unimpeded. Indeed it came to light that Humphreys had been so worried that Drury’s expensive lifestyle would give everything away, he had supplied him with expensive slimming drugs and a rowing machine to keep his weight down.

It was important for the Metropolitan police to raid exhibitions such as John Lennon’s Bag One and bust ‘alternative’ magazines such as Oz to at least look like they were doing something. Commander Kenneth Drury - the most senior policeman ever to be convicted The corrupt policeman had built a delicately balanced house of cards that soon came tumbling down. Initially there were just the usual discrete early retirements and resignations but eventually there were two major corruption trials and George Fenwick, Bill Moody, Wally Virgo and Kenneth Drury were all given between ten and fourteen years in prison in 1977. Mr Justice Mars Jones after Fenwick’s trial said: “Thank goodness the Obscene Publications Squad had gone. I fear the damage you have done may be with us for a long time.” After the second trial Mars-Jones said it revealed: “corruption on a scale which beggars description.” In response to the obvious corruption that was happening the Home Office, in conjunction with the Met Police Commissioner Sir Robert Mark, appointed the Assistant Chief Constable of Dorset Constabulary, Leonard Burt to investigate all the allegations. In August 1978 a team of two hundred officers began investigating the Metropolitan police from top to bottom.

Referring to Burt it had the nickname Operation Countryman. At first the team were housed at Camberwell Police Station but following clumsy attempts to interfere with their documents, records and evidence they moved to Godalming Police Station in Surrey. After six years, Operation Countryman presented its findings to the Home Office and the Commissioner. It eventually came to light that over 400 police officers lost their jobs during or after the Countryman investigation. Despite the Countryman Operation’s report that recommended that 300 officers should face criminal charges, not one officer was ever charged with a criminal offence as a result of the investigation. Plus ça change. 'See any porn constable?'...'Nope, not a dirty book to be seen'. Thursday, June 19th, 2008 “There will always be sex, always always always.” To some Paul Raymond was at the vanguard of the newly liberated post-war Britain but to others he was just a man who became filthy rich peddling filth.

He was eventually known as ‘The King Of Soho’ and it was exactly fifty years ago when Raymond’s Revuebar opened on April 14 1958 in the former Doric Ballroom in Soho’s Walker’s Court. It was London’s first legal nude show with dancers who could actually dance. Before this date, especially at the notorious Windmill Theatre down the road no exposed flesh was allowed to jiggle, wiggle or shudder but Paul Raymond had the simple idea of making his Revuebar a member’s only club and charged a mere guinea for life membership. It became the first location in Britain with a sign legally offering STRIPTEASE, thus it became an infamous Soho landmark.

Cha Landers performing at the Revuebar in 1960 Within two years The Revuebar, according to The Spectator, included amongst his members “ten M.P.s, eight millionaires, more than 60 knights, 35 peers, and enough businessmen and captains of industry to drain dry the Stock Exchange and the Savoy Grill.” However in 1961 a judge labelled it “filthy, disgusting and beastly” and fined Raymond £5,000 for keeping a disorderly house. Apparently the judge was particularly shocked that the members of the audience were actually allowed to ring Bonnie Bell the Ding Dong Girl’s bells (her costume consisted of nothing but three bells) and that Julia Mendez the Snake Girl was wont to swallow her snake in public. The Beatles at the Revuebar in 1967 Paul Raymond was actually born Geoffrey Anthony Quinn in 1925, and was brought up in a strict Irish Roman Catholic family in Liverpool. Academic studies were not exactly his forté and he preferred studying at the university of life. During the war, he was sent down the mines as one of the ‘Bevan Boys’ – teenage National Service conscripts ordered to work as miners.

This had been completely against his will and before his medical he consumed vast quantities of saccharin in sliced bread in a vain attempt to feign a heart murmur. Quinn only lasted two weeks and subsequently enlisted in the Royal Air Force, where for two years he was a drummer boy with a military band. After the war he bought a mind-reading act from a clown called Ravel and teamed up with a girl called Noreen O’Hagan. By the time she discovered she was pregnant, Raymond had already moved to London to make his fortune, arriving, apparently, with just 1s 6d (7.5p) in his pocket. He quickly shed his Geoffrey Quinn persona and changed his name to Paul Raymond and in 1952 he married a young choreographer of showgirls called Jean. They went into business together with a touring variety show that featured naked girls all of whom, of course, had to stand absolutely still (I’m not sure where Jean’s choreography was useful here?). It was rumoured that Raymond would surreptitiously supply pea-shooters to some of his customers so that a well-aimed missile might produce some exciting jiggles for the rest.

Paul Raymond with his family in 1960 Not long after opening the Revuebar in Soho, it was profitable enough to provide the money to start producing sex magazines and he eventually published Men Only, Escort, Club International and Razzle. By 1970 Raymond completely dominated the market, saying “There will always be sex – always, always, always.” There was always property as well, and because at the time Soho was run down and seedy, the land was relatively cheap, and Raymond was astute enough to start buying up freeholds in the area. By the time he finished he was said to own an estimated 100 acres of prime real estate in central London with an estimated value of between £600 million to £2 billion. He is said to be the only person to have built a significant private London estate in the 20th century. As Paul Raymond’s porn, and subsequently his property, empires helped the money pour in, Raymond grew his hair, sported heavy gold jewellery and wore a fur coat, seemingly whatever the weather. His affairs became more public especially his relationship with the former swimmer and soft-porn actress Fiona Richmond.

Fed up with the public aspect of the affair, Jean, after an acrimonious and bitterly-fought case, divorced him in 1973. Richmond at the time was appearing in Raymond’s magazines and films such as Hardcore and Let’s Get Laid but also starring at the Whitehall Theatre (which Raymond now owned) in farces such as Yes, We Have No Pyjamas. Fiona Richmond paul raymond publisher : definition of paul raymond publisher and synonyms of paul raymond publisher (English) For other people, see Paul Raymond . Paul Raymond (15 November 1925 – 2 March 2008), born Geoffrey Anthony Quinn, was an English publisher, club owner, and real estate developer. [1] After opening the UK's first strip club, Raymond became very wealthy, buying property on a scale that got him dubbed "King of Soho", and launching Paul Raymond Publications with the soft-porn magazine Men Only , soon followed by Escort , Club International , Mayfair and many other best-selling titles. [2] He was starting to hand over control to his daughter Debbie when she died of an overdose in 1992, after which he became a recluse.

[3] His quoted net worth of £650 million was rumoured to be an underestimate. Contents 6 External links Life and career Born and raised in Liverpool , where he attended St. Francis Xavier's College , his family was abandoned by his father, a haulage contractor, when he was five. [4] The outbreak of the Second World War prompted their relocation to Glossop in Derbyshire , where he was educated by the Irish Christian Brothers . Leaving school at 15, he was an office boy for the Manchester Ship Canal before taking up the drums for dance bands. [5] Avoiding imprisonment for evading National Service by feigning a heart condition, he served as a switchboard operator and bandsman. He subsequently dabbled in the black market as a self-confessed spiv selling nylons and petrol coupons. [6] He changed his name when he tried to break into show business as a mind-reader on Clacton pier at the age of 22.

[7] Raymond toured a show featuring nude models as statues who were moved around the stage on podiums; [8] nudes could not move on stage at this time under a ruling from the Lord Chamberlain's Office which controlled what could be shown in the theatre. Raymond opened the Raymond Revuebar strip club as a private club to circumvent the Lord Chamberlain's powers, [8] in the former Doric Ballroom in Soho 's Walker's Court in 1958, [9] which was at the time the first British strip club. Within two years, 45,000 members had signed up. [10] Though originally not quite as seedy as its reputation suggests (the venue was popular with prominent people of the day like actor John Mills and comedian Peter Sellers ), Raymond had regular clashes with the authorities for over a decade. [11] In 1961, Raymond was fined £5,000 following a magistrate's decision that permitting members to ring the Ding Dong Girl's bells constituted running an "unruly house". [5] The JP also objected to a performer swallowing a snake in public and described the venue as “filthy, disgusting and beastly”.

[6] He first moved into publishing in 1964 by launching the men's magazine King, but it ceased publication [5] after only two issues. [7] In 1971, he took over the adult title Men Only ; his other magazines eventually included Razzle and Mayfair . Among the models featured in his magazines were Fiona Richmond , who became Raymond's girlfriend towards the end of his marriage to Jean Bradley (1951-74). [6] In 1974, he purchased the lease on the Windmill Cinema and renamed the cinema the Windmill Theatre, a former name of the venue. Other theatres run by Paul Raymond included the Whitehall Theatre, where the sex comedy Pyjama Tops ran for more than five years along with several sequels [6] and the Royalty Theatre. Raymond diversified beyond pornography and had many millions invested in property and real estate, most notably in Soho from the 1970s onwards, [12] through his company, Soho Estates.

[13] Raymond regularly appeared on UK rich lists with an estimated wealth of £650 million by the time of his death, though one associate claimed the estate was worth billions, [14] and Forbes placed Raymond on its list of dollar billionaires. [15] He was though the victim of two attempts at extortion, [16] detailed in Metropolitan Police papers released into the public domain at the end of October 2010. The perpetrators of the second (long thought to have been the IRA ), were decorators posing as terrorists who sustained a campaign against him, including a threatened bombing and shooting of Raymond himself. [17] He began to hand over control of his empire to his daughter Debbie during the early 1990s, until her death in 1992 from a heroin overdose. [9] Raymond also had two sons, with Derry McCarthy (born Darryl) the eldest from a relationship prior to his marriage (the woman having rejected Raymond's proposal of marriage). [18] He became estranged from his ex-wife Jean Bradley, [19] who blamed him for their daughter's death, and illegitimate son.

Raymond had four recognised grandchildren: Cheyenne and Boston Raymond, from son Howard, and Fawn and India Rose James from daughter Debbie. [20] Paul Raymond was frequently dubbed by the press as the 'King of Soho'. On January 22, 1967, Paul Raymond was initiated as member number 644 of the Grand Order of Water Rats for his contribution to entertainment in the UK. A recluse in his last years, living in a penthouse near the Ritz Hotel , [10] Paul Raymond died of respiratory failure in 2008 at the age of 82. [21] His granddaughters Fawn and India James stand to inherit his estate once estimated at £650m. Fawn plans to devote herself to charity work. [22] In popular culture A film about the life of Paul Raymond, due for release in 2013, is currently in production, with Steve Coogan playing Raymond and Michael Winterbottom directing. In addition to a cast of well-known UK talent, a small number of current Paul Raymond Publications' employees and editors appear as extras or in pseudo-cameos.

The film's working title, The King of Soho, has been trademarked by one of Raymond's sons, for the title of his own biopic of the late mogul, and the producers of the first film decided to change their title. [23] See also ^ BBC NEWS | UK | Steve Coogan porn king biopic to be renamed Further reading Keeping the British End Up: Four Decades of Saucy Cinema by Simon Sheridan (fourth edition) (Titan Publishing, London) (2011) Men Only, Vol.37. No.4. April,1972. "The New Raymond Revuebar Show." Today Magazine Vol.2 no.45. 31 December 1960. "Raymond King of the Strip Clubs". An article by Ernest Dudley. Today Magazine January, 1961. "A Nice Quiet Country Town, That's the Place for a Strip Club.", An article by Ernest Dudley. The Sunday Times Magazine, 23 November 1980. An article about Paul Raymond . The Soho Clarion, Issue 132, Spring 2008. "My Own Private Revuebar".

An article by Gerard Simi in the Soho Society magazine. The Sunday Times Magazine, "Virtue and Vice", 17 August 2008. The Soho Clarion, Issue 136, Spring 2009. "When the Show Has To End". An article by Gerard Simi in the Soho Society magazine. British Pathe film, Clubs Galore. Released 22 December 1958. Film no.1563.29. Paul Raymond talks about the Raymond Revuebar. "For the Record:Paul Raymond". LWT television programme 1969.Paul Raymond is interviewed by Alan Watson. "Good Afternoon".Thames Television 1975.Paul Raymond is interviewed by Elaine Grand. Paul Raymond's Erotica, Film and video. 1981. A Night at the Revuebar. VHS Video. Electric Video. 1983. "Soho Stories". BBC2. 12 television documentary programmes screened from 28 October 1996 to 20 November 1996. Some programmes featured the Raymond Revuebar. Soho Sex King: The Paul Raymond Story. Channel 4 television documentary.

Screened 15 March 2008. A shorter version of this documentary film was produced in 2005 before the death of Paul Raymond, the title being Sex in the 70's: The King of Soho. Members Only: The Life and Times of Paul Raymond by Paul Willetts. London: Serpent's Tail, August 2010. ISBN 978-1-84668-715-0 . External links Men's Magazines History | Magforum.com | All About Magazines and Magazine Publishers Early evolution Back to top Men's magazines have existed for centuries. In terms of identifying the first one, it depends on how the terms 'magazine' and 'journal' are defined. Certainly journals, in the sense of discussing and communicating scientific matters, were around first; the question is: when did some of them split off to become magazines? The 1663 German publication Erbauliche Monaths-Unterredungen (Edifying Monthly Discussions) makes a claim as the world's first magazine. And, five years later, Giornale de' letterati di Roma, edited by Francesco Nazzari, is seen as the first Italian magazine.

However, The Gentleman's Magazine is often considered the first modern magazine. It was published by Edward Cave (using the pen-name Sylvanus Urban) and printed at St John's Gate in London from 1731. It aimed to entertain, with essays, stories, poems and political comment ( see details ). In 1755, Samuel Johnson's Dictionary credited Cave as coining the term 'magazine' (which had previously meant a storehouse or arsenal) in its publishing sense: 'Of late this word has signified a miscellaneous pamphlet, from a periodical miscellany named the Gentleman's Magazine, by Edward Cave.' The magazine was published by Punch publisher Bradbury & Evans until 1907. Many Victorian magazines were published for men. These included Gentleman's Magazine of Fashion, Fancy Clothes, Man about Town, Gentleman's Pictorial, The Gentleman (A Cosmopolitan Journal), County Gentleman and The Gentleman's Journal. Most focused on fashion, social life and the importance of being a gentleman.Many of these closed in 1914 with the advent of the first world war.

However, Wide World, launched by George Newnes in 1898, was filled with 'true stories of peril and adventure' and survived until 1965. Men Only in 1937 Men Only in March 1958, still pocket-book sized: covers were colour illustrations, like this one of Rita Hayworth, or photographs Men Only in June 1968. This City Magazines issue was in a larger A4-ish size Men Only in June 1971: the first of the truly top-shelf Paul Raymond era Lilliput, in August 1943 Cosmopolitan Man - only appeared once, in April 1978 In 1935, Pearson launched the pocket men's magazine, Men Only (bound, 115x165mm). Its editorial strategy was clearly stated: 'We don't want women readers. We won't have women readers...' It sought 'bright articles on current male topics'. Pearson was taken over by Newnes, and Men Only, which had become mildly saucy, faded from the mid-1950s.

(Interestingly, it was Men Only that published in the UK the pin-up illustrations by Alberto Vargas that appeared in US Esquire.) Newnes, in turn, became part of International Publishing Corporation in he early 1960s. Men Only was bought by Leonard Matthews (who had been nicknamed 'Napoleon of the Comics' as director of Fleetway Publications). He had left IPC to set up Martspress, which specialised mainly in comics and children's books, and Men Only was published by City Magazines Ltd in Fleet Street. It was mainly in black and white with a colour pin-up centre spread. In 1971, Matthews sold the title to Paul Raymond, who ran night-clubs in London's Soho district. He relaunched Men Only as the start of a 'top-shelf' publishing empire. Back in 1937, Lilliput, a pocket magazine (stapled, 136x196mm), was put out by Stefan Lorant, who was later to create Picture Post, at Hulton Press. At sixpence, it was half the price of Men Only.

It was intended for a general audience - subtitled 'The Pocket Magazine for Everyone' - but became a men's magazine after the second world war. It was a bestseller in its day, famous for its mix of photographs, reportage, cartoons and air-brushed nudes. In July 1960, it was merged into Men Only. Many issues have a page describing the contributors, who included people such as actor James Mason, Antonia White, Ronald Searle and Tom Driberg. The magazine cover was usually a cartoon in the 1940s and 1950s. Other men's titles included London Opinion, which merged with Men Only in 1954, Blighty (the weekly 'National Humorous Magazine') and Razzle (which published 'the brightest cartoons of them all' according to the magazine cover). In the US, Esquire was founded in 1933. It always stressed its intellectual side, but really established itself in the war years with its pin-up illustrations and calendars by Peruvian-born Alberto Vargas.

The first fold-out pin-up appeared in October 1940 and his calendar that year sold 320,000 copies - by 1943 a million calendars had sold. (It was his work that inspired aircrews to paint women on the sides of their planes.) However, they fell out in 1946 and the magazine, which had persuaded him to sign his work as Varga, copyrighted that name to stop him using it. In 1957, Esquire spun off its Gentleman's Quarterly supplement, which was to end up in the hands of Condé Nast and overtake its parent in terms of sales. Esquire was bought by Hearst in 1986. Hugh Hefner's Playboy launched in 1953 in the US, selling for 50c. Marilyn Monroe was on the front cover and featured again, naked, inside. This thrived in the US and around the world. In 1953, Esquire made its first attempt to launch a British edition, but this folded after six years of trying.

In the mid-1950s, all of the big men's magazines in the UK were in trouble because of the loss of advertising to television. Most of them were taken over by other titles or closed: Lilliput (Men Only, 1960); London Opinion (1954); Razzle (1954). However, there was a resurgence from the mid-1960s with launches such as King, Penthouse and Club, building on the growth in products aimed at men. Conde Nast launched Men in Vogue in November 1965. However, it was only the top-shelf titles that thrived; Men Only limped on to be taken over by Paul Raymond, who developed a strategy of buying up failed titles such as Razzle. Paul Raymond built up his stable from Men Only to include Club and Escort. Richard Desmond's Northern & Shell/Portland group moved on from Penthouse into niches such as Asian Babes and Forty-Plus ( Northern & Shell profile ). The model for mainstream men's magazines was Man About Town ( see separate feature ), an offshoot of the trade journal Tailor & Cutter.

It was launched in 1952 by editor John Taylor. MAT mainly covered fashion but included other areas of lifestyle and became something of a cult publication. It counted such luminaries as Gerald Scarfe, Michael Heath, Calman, John Arlott, Raymond Postgate, Mark Boxer and Gilbert Harding among its contributors. It was sold in 1960 to Clive Labovitch and Michael Heseltine. As Cornmarket - later Haymarket ( profile ) - Publishing, this duo made a great success of weekly trade magazine Campaign, which forced the closure of market leader Advertisers' Weekly. MAT was later abbreviated to About Town and then Town. At one stage it became a quintessential 1960s magazine, under art director Tom Wolsey, helping to establish photographers such as Terence Donovan and Don McCullin. However, like IPC's Nova, it was not very profitable and closed in 1968. The Writers' and Artists' Year Book of 1963 listed 70 'feminine' magazines (including nine from the Commonwealth and eight from the US), but just seven for men.

Of these, four were aimed at tailors or the men's wear trade (Men's Wear, Outfitter, Style for Men and Tailor & Cutter), leaving Men Only, Town and Esquire (US) as consumer titles. The advent of television as a national advertising medium and colour magazine supplements in newspapers, led by The Sunday Times in 1962, took away the advertising base for men's magazines in the UK, though the top-shelf industry, which did not rely on mainstream advertising, grew. In 1965, King from Europress arrived. According to an obituary of journalist John Sandilands in the Telegraph, this was launched by Paul Raymond: 'Raymond baled out after the first issue, and Peter Sellers, Bryan Forbes, Bob Monkhouse, David Frost and others were persuaded to invest to keep it going.' It ran colour nudes - though not on the magazine cover - but was swamped by the likes of Bob Guccione's Penthouse (also a 1965 launch) and was taken over by Mayfair (Paul Raymond, 1966) in 1967.

IPC's Club tried to crack the men's market in 1970 but folded after 21 issues. The last issue noted: 'The shame is that Club's closing will probably make any other publisher wary of putting out a similar product for young men.' How true this was, with mainstream men's magazines disappearing for a decade. Of course, men didn't stop reading magazines. They read about cars, sports, hobbies and businesses - and they read the likes of Mayfair, Penthouse and Playboy, Men Only and Club International. But, for some things, they turned to women's magazines. Cosmopolitan publisher the National Magazine Company noted that many men read their partner's magazine and in April 1978 tried a one-off edition of Cosmopolitan Man. This had French actress Aurore Clément and Jack Nicholson on the - rather crowded looking - cover and cost 50p. However, there were no more issues.

Magazines such as Men Only became synonomous with the phrase 'men's magazine' The accepted wisdom Back to top By 1980, and after the failure of IPC, Britain's largest magazine publisher, with Club, it was accepted wisdom that there was no market for a general interest men's title. Areas such as sport were well covered by the papers, and their magazine supplements, usually on a Sunday, but the Daily Telegraph had one on a Thursday. Men bought: special interest titles on cars or music; 'top-shelf' titles in newsagents, with titles such as Mayfair, or those with more literary pretensions such as the US title Playboy or the racier Penthouse; pornographic publications that would not be carried by mainstream newsagents. Brian Braithwaite, a former publishing director of National Magazines, has written in Campaign about how he tried to challenge the accepted wisdom. 'I was told quite positively in the mid-70s by the Men Who Must be Obeyed from America that men's magazines were a dead duck.

My attempt to produce more than one edition of Cosmopolitan Man in 1978 was quashed by top management to make way for yet another women's title, Company.' ('The evolution of men's magazines,' Campaign, 11 April 1997, p3). A spark for the launch was Paul Kerton winning Cosmopolitan's Young Journalist's Writing Competition and his suggestion to Cosmopolitan editor Deidre McSharry that they launch a version for men. 'Next minute I was in London working on it,' said Kerton. He added: 'The first standalone copy with Jack Nicholson on the cover had 60 pages of ads in it, and was deemed a success but management thought it was way ahead of its time. Also, Natmags were working on Company magazine at the time, which was originally slated to be a modern "couples mag", ie for men and women, which was to break the mould, but they chickened out at the last minute and made it a younger sister to Cosmopolitan.' Kerton then crossed over to Company along with Linda Kelsey and Maggie Goodman (the editor). So the term 'men's magazines' came to mean top-shelf and pornographic titles.

Many more of these were launched, focusing on smaller, and weirder, niches. In May 1982, Executive came along as a Playboy-style title 'For the man of today' from Fragilion with editor Brian Keogh, but failed. However, in the mid-1980s, things were stirring. Many editors and publishers found themselves at some stage discussing the possibility of a general interest title for men over a pint after work. It was a boom time, with champagne bars opening all over the City of London. Men were staying single longer and had more cash, particularly on clothes and toiletries. They could turn to Viz for a laugh (and did, its sales hitting almost a million), Q for music and one of a dozen papers for sport and news. However, the 'new man' had nowhere to find fashion and grooming, and coverage of sex and relationships in the women's weeklies and glossies. 'Lifestyle' was becoming important, more men were reading their partner's favourites, yet many did not want to be seen with top-shelf magazines. So some titles began to explore the gap.

Steven Spielberg on the cover of the first issue of Options for Men as a supplement to women’s monthly Options in December 1984 Mel Gibson and Tina Turner from Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome on the cover of Cosmo Man in 1985 Company for Men: December 1979 Nick Logan's The Face first issue in May 1980 Sky Murdoch must have liked the name Sky became more overt and finally closed under Emap's control in 2001 Soho porn baron Paul Raymond's toxic legacy and the squalid past his family want to forget | Daily Mail Online comments The funeral service was a small, quiet affair at Putney crematorium in South-West London. Just a handful of relatives and friends, some hymns and a Roman Catholic blessing, and then the closing of the red curtains for the final journey of a man as unhappy as he was rich. Hardly the finale that might have been expected of Paul Raymond, a household name who made a vast fortune from pornography and availed himself fully of the sexual opportunities his money had brought him. The bulk of that fortune, which ultimately made him so miserable, belongs to his two granddaughters, Fawn and India Rose.

So far, at least, they seem to be coping rather well with their great wealth. Scroll down for video King of Soho: Paul Raymond at his RevueBar in Soho, London with two models in 1981 There they were in the Sunday Times Rich List last weekend, jointly worth £329 million. Mature and ‘sensible’ 27-year-old Fawn, who studied social anthropology at St Andrews university, is a director of the family property company, Soho Estates, with firm ideas about its future. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share The endearingly frank India Rose who, at 21, is the youngest person in the Rich List, has no qualms about publicly acknowledging just how much fun money can be. Last month, blonde India Rose, who is at college studying fashion design and styling, was tweeting that she had ‘seven days to get my dad a better present then (sic) what my sister got him — she got him a Bentley’. Her one-upmanship turned out to be surprisingly sophisticated — she had a personalised Monopoly board featuring Soho Estates’ major properties made in fine leather.

On another occasion, India Rose tweeted a photograph of a £10 note being burned, with the comment: ‘Just saw £10 go up in flames . . . I could have used that to go home.’ In another tweet she mentioned casually that she spent £180 on sweets. Glamour: India Rose (left) and Fawn James (right) the granddaughters of Soho porn baron Paul Raymond The lucky recipient of the Bentley and personalised Monopoly set was John James. He was working as a waiter at Raymond’s Embassy Club in the Eighties when he met Paul Raymond’s only daughter, Debbie. The pair married and had India Rose. Fawn, who John later adopted, was Debbie’s child from an earlier relationship with Duncan Mackay, keyboard player with the rock group 10cc. These days, James is managing director of the prime real estate company left to the girls by their grandfather. Things are so rosy in the Raymond empire that it is easy to forget that Paul Raymond, the so-called King of Soho, died a broken man, in despair that his lifestyle had caused the death of hard-drinking, drug-taking Debbie, on whom he doted. His belief was not without foundation.

The fact that he gave Debbie a line of cocaine while she was in hospital in labour suggests that he was hardly the best influence. Certainly Raymond’s wife, Jean, on whom he cheated constantly, blamed him for the death of 36-year-old Debbie when her life of excess as the heiress nicknamed the Princess of Porn ended in a heroin overdose in 1992. Five years after his death at the age of 82 in 2008, Paul Raymond remains an enigma: generous to friends yet ruthless in business; a self-proclaimed family man who was a distant figure to his illegitimate, first-born child, Derry. He was a connoisseur of nudes when they were half-dressed as nurses and teachers in his porn magazines but he would hit the roof when someone suggested dressing them as nuns. In the new biopic about his life, The Look Of Love, Raymond is played by Steve Coogan. The film’s premiere saw Coogan, leading light of the anti-Press campaign group Hacked Off which wants state control of newspapers, making pointed jokes to the media — yes, the hated media — about his preparation for the role.

He said he had visited strip clubs and undertaken ‘a lot of research — someone had to do it — I volunteered’. Ho ho! It is fine to jest with the media, of course, when there is a new film to promote. It seems appropriate for the man who created Raymond’s Revue Bar to be played by an actor who once showered a topless model with £5,000 worth of £10 notes and then asked her to lie on them. Raymond, who once dressed his nudes in pound notes (slogan: ‘She gives her last pound away’) might have liked that touch — though he treated money with more respect. Empire of flesh: Paul Raymond, pictured here in 1969, made a vast fortune from pornography Paul Raymond was born Geoffrey Quinn in Liverpool in 1925, and was five when his parents split up. Geoffrey left school at 15, taking various menial jobs. He tried to avoid National Service by feigning a heart condition, but passed the medical and served as a bandsman drummer in the RAF.

Afterwards, he made a modest living performing a mind-reading act on Clacton Pier with a 17-year-old teenager called Gay Dawn, whose real name was Noreen O’Horan. He changed his own name to Paul Raymond. The couple split when Gay became pregnant with his son, Derry. Raymond and Derry met only once, when Derry was 25, living in Manchester and in London on business. He contacted the office of the man he knew was his father, giving the name of his hotel. It took a month before Raymond responded, but an invitation to London followed and father and son spent a happy day together. One day. That was 37 years ago. Actor Steve Coogan stars as Paul Raymond in The Look Of Love VIDEO 'The King of the keyhole shows'. Coogan as Paul Raymond... This week Derry, happily married with three children and three grandchildren, explained that he never contacted his father again because of Raymond’s wealth. ‘I thought my motive would be misinterpreted,’ he said. An old friend of Raymond believes Derry was right. ‘Paul spent his life fearing that people wanted his friendship only because he was rich,’ says the friend.

‘It made him very suspicious.’ Indian Rose and Fawn pose with Steve Coogan during a break in filming Derry made a decent living in property, though hardly on the same scale as his father, who ended up worth £650 million and owning 60 of the 87 acres that constitute the London district of Soho. But he’s not the only figure who feels frozen out by the family’s wealth. Fawn’s natural father is another. ‘I haven’t seen Fawn since she was a small child, when I agreed to Debbie’s husband, John James, adopting her,’ says Mackay, now 62 and living in South Africa. ‘I did it for her welfare, and it was the right decision. But I’ve always thought how fantastic it would be if the phone rang and it was her, but it’s never happened. ‘If they were ordinary people with no money, I could make the first move, but not with them sitting on that kind of wealth. You know what I mean.’ Raymond’s fortune was founded when the country was still recovering from post-war rationing. People craved glamour. Posing nudes were permitted in theatres, but had to be motionless.

Raymond turned them into writhing showgirls, circumventing the law by making his Revue Bar, which had opened in Soho in 1958, a private members’ club. Within two years it had more than 45,000 members. A series of soft-porn magazines followed. Sex sells. As for his own sex life, one close friend claims that the man who spent decades surrounded by gorgeous naked showgirls ‘was more of a voyeur than a participant’. Others insist that he enjoyed an endless supply of women and that he was well-known for his taste for threesomes. King of Soho: Paul Raymond with his daughter Debbie Raymond in 1985 Diana Cochran, a dancer, lived with him for some time at his tenth floor penthouse apartment just behind London’s Ritz hotel. The flat had marble floors, gilt furniture, a padded bar, priceless chandeliers, Art-Deco statuettes, mirrored walls and a huge roof terrace with stunning views over Green Park to Buckingham Palace. Diana told of an extraordinary night when a girl whom she and Raymond had met at Tramp nightclub, came back with them to the penthouse.

Much champagne was drunk, then the two women had a ‘nude frolic’ before the pornographer joined in. ‘I’m not a lesbian — we were just having fun,’ she told a downmarket newspaper. ‘Paul had his turn as well. He’s very virile. Two of us was no problem for him. He’s a very gentle and considerate lover.’ In the film, Coogan plays Raymond as a waggish card seldom short of a one-liner. In fact, the porn baron was not much given to snappy wisecracks — probably because he stuttered. But with his long, wavy hair and trademark long fur coat that he wore in almost all weathers, he did love the limelight, especially when, for a time, he was known as ‘Britain’s richest man’ — impressive though not true. India Rose tweeted a photograph of a £10 note being burned, with the comment: 'Just saw £10 go up in flames I could have used that to go home' He had fun dragging unsuspecting celebrities into his orbit. Anna Ford, the glamorous newsreader, received a highly publicised offer of £75,000 to pose nude in one of his magazines.

Mark Thatcher, then the 25-year-old son of the new prime minister in 1979 and an aspiring racing driver, was offered £25,000 by Raymond to cover the cost of him competing at Brands Hatch. When Mark arrived for talks at Raymond’s Windmill Theatre, he found a posse of Fleet Street reporters already there, having been tipped off by the porn baron. A deal was done — until Mrs Thatcher stepped in, and the deal was off. But it was great publicity for Raymond. He and Jean, one of his dancers, had married in 1951. They had a large house in Wimbledon where, until Jean ran out of patience with his infidelities, they lived with son Howard and daughter Debbie. Later, Jean recalled: ‘Paul had a string of affairs and when I complained he bought me diamonds. It was the only time he was generous.’ Fiona Richmond — the statuesque star of his saucy shows for whom he left Jean — seemed to fare better during their seven-year affair. He bought her fur coats, jewellery and a yellow E-type Jaguar with the number plate FU2.

Jean and Raymond were divorced in 1974, and he did not attend her funeral when she died of cancer in 2002. By then he had been mourning Debbie for ten years. Raymond had stepped down from the running of the Revue Bar in 1997, telling friends he no longer ‘saw any point in life’. It closed some years later and is now the home of the louche night-spot The Box, popular with young royals. Raymond became a virtual recluse, spending all his time in his penthouse, constantly totting up the value of his empire. Money was all he had left. Coogan as Paul Raymond and Tamsin Egerton as Fiona Richmond in the new biopic He was in a wheelchair, sometimes never getting out of his pyjamas all day and leaving the curtains drawn, blotting out the glorious views over London. The new film, which tells the story of Raymond’s rise, will revive many old memories for those who knew him. First love Noreen is now 82 and living quietly in Manchester.

Her son by Raymond, Derry, 62, was sent a copy of the film by the producers and was nonplussed to find himself depicted as a ‘naive northerner with a thick accent’. Fiona Richmond, star of such Raymond productions as Let’s Get Laid and Pyjama Tops (in which the tops were transparent), lives quietly in Hampshire, where she owns the Onion Store hotel in Romsey. Howard Raymond, who inherited £78 million from his father’s estate, runs a property company and is the adviser to another movie of his father’s life, called King Of Soho, which he says will begin shooting later this summer. India Rose, meanwhile, puts endless pictures of herself on Twitter with her tattooed model boyfriend Jake Hold. Fawn lives in her grandfather’s penthouse, gazing ambitiously at the London skyline. What would he say if he knew she was planning to close a table-dancing club and turn it into a respectable theatre? Porn baron gives £37m to each granddaughter... but leaves NOTHING for his son | Daily Mail Online Porn baron gives £37m to each granddaughter...

but leaves NOTHING for his son Paul Raymond’s will reveals how boy he fell out with was denied share of fortune comments The pornography tycoon and property magnate Paul Raymond has bequeathed almost his entire fortune to his two favourite granddaughters – but his son Howard will receive nothing. Raymond, who died, aged 82, in March, has left nearly £75 million in his will to Fawn James, 22, and her half-sister, India Rose, 17. They are the children of Raymond’s daughter Debbie, who died of an accidental drugs overdose in 1992. The only other person named as a beneficiary in the will was his loyal secretary Marie Todman of West London, who was left £10,000. Howard, 47, fell out with his father years ago. But while Raymond lay dying in a London hospital, he was a frequent visitor, fuelling speculation that he was back in line to inherit at least some of his father’s millions.

Porn publisher Paul Raymond with his daughter Debbie, who died in 1992 Probate records disclosed yesterday, however, reveal that neither Howard nor his daughters – make-up artist Cheyenne, 24, and student Boston, 22 – were left anything. Raymond left an estate in the UK worth £74,535,206, reduced after liabilities to £74,286,106. It is far less than the £650 million that he was thought to be worth when he died of respiratory failure. But it is believed that a large part of his wealth may have been held in trusts or companies that did not feature in his personal estate. Fawn, who is studying at St Andrews University in Fife, will get an immediate payment of £150,000, which the will stated she should receive at the age of 21. Sixth-former India will get the same amount when she reaches 21. The rest of the estate is being held in trust for the girls until they are 25, when they will become two of Britain’s richest women.

Fawn James who, with her half-sister India Rose, will inherit almost all their grandfather's enormous wealth The fortune includes all their grandfather’s shares in his companies Paul Raymond Publications Holdings and Soho Estates Holdings. Raymond, the son of a Liverpool haulage contractor, was born Geoffrey Anthony Quinn, but changed his name at the age of 22. He was a mind-reader on the pier at Clacton, Essex, before setting up a touring show featuring topless women. Money he made from the show was used to set up the UK’s first strip club – the members-only Raymond Revuebar in Soho in 1958. He later diversified into pornographic magazines, publishing titles such as Razzle, Men Only and Mayfair and put on West End stage shows including Yes, We Have No Pyjamas. Raymond took advantage of a slump in Soho property prices caused by a crackdown on semi-legal establishments in the mid-Seventies and bought a large number of freeholds. Howard and Debbie were born during his marriage to wife Jean, which broke up in 1974 over his affair with the former swimmer and porn actress Fiona Richmond.

Howard, who works as a leisure events organiser, was reportedly cast out of Raymond’s business empire in the Eighties after he became addicted to cocaine. He insisted after his father’s death that they had not been estranged and that he had visited him every ten days for the last 12 years of his life. He claimed that his father had discussed the contents of his will with him and reportedly described his fortune as ‘irrelevant’. Howard Raymond was left with nothing in his father's will Debbie was being groomed to take over the running of Raymond’s business empire when she died. He became a virtual recluse after her death and hardly ever left his London penthouse overlooking Green Park. His business interests were overseen by his nephew Mark Quinn. Fawn’s father is Duncan Mackay, a keyboard player for rock band 10cc. She was reportedly made a director of five key companies at the heart of Raymond’s empire just four months before his death. India was the product of Debbie’s marriage to businessman John James, who runs Soho Estates Holdings. Raymond doted on Debbie’s daughters. Floral tributes at his Roman Catholic funeral service at a South London crematorium included one from Fawn and India saying simply ‘Adored and loved’.

Raymond had another son, Derry McCarthy, by Noreen O’Horan who was once Raymond’s stage partner. Mr McCarthy, 57, who lives on a council estate in Manchester, will not benefit from the will. Last night he said: ‘It is of no consequence whatever. What will be will be.’

Question: Nicknamed the 'King of Soho' his publications included Mayfair and Razzle magazines, he died in March 2008, by what name was he known?
Answer: Paul Raymond