Meleagris gallopavo - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus Meleagris gallopavo a large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food Class: (* Meleagris gallopavo may be used in a singular or plural context) Type of: Wild Turkey | Meleagris gallopavo [species] native to North America and is the heaviest member of the diverse Galliformes. It's the same species as the domestic turkey, which was originally derived from a southern Mexican subspecies of Wild Turkey. Although native to North America, the Wild... [synonym, sense-specific] | ... (plural also "turkey") a large North American gallinaceous bird that is domesticated in most parts of the world | "failure", "flop" ; especially, a ... (23 of 233 words, 4 definitions, 1 usage example, pronunciation, 1 image ) | Agriocharis ocellata [species, sense-specific] A large North American bird "(Meleagris gallopavo") that has brownish plumage and a bare wattled head and neck and is widely domesticated for food. | ...

(24 of 221 words, 6 definitions, pronunciations, 1 image ) | Agriocharis ocellata [species, sense-specific] [United States] ; any of a family (Meleagrididae) of large, gallinaceous ... | [United States, slang] a failure: said especially of a theatrical ... (22 of 124 words, 5 definitions, pronunciations, 1 image ) | dud [synonym, sense-specific] a large gallinaceous birdof North America, having a bare wattled head and ... | the flesh of the turkey used as food | a similar and related bird, ... (26 of 635 words, 11 definitions, 9 usage examples, pronunciations) | like turkeys voting for Christmas | talk turkey | Meleagris gallopavo [species, sense-specific] a large mainly domesticated game bird native to North America, having a ... | the flesh of the turkey as food. | [informal, North American] : ...

(24 of 199 words, 6 definitions, 4 usage examples, pronunciation) A taxonomic species within the genus Meleagris -- the wild turkey. (10 of 12 words) | Meleagris gallopavo [species] either of two species of birds classified as members of either the family Phasianidae or Meleagrididae. The best known is the common turkey, a native ... Columbia Encyclopedia: turkey common name for a large game and poultry bird related to the grouse and the pheasant. Its name derives from its "turk-turk" call. Turkeys are ... (25 of 194 words) | ocellated turkey [sense-specific] a large, gallinaceous bird of the family Meleagrididae, especially ... | the flesh of this bird, used as food. | "ocellated turkey" | [slang] ; a ... (23 of 144 words, 7 definitions, pronunciations) [plural] | talk turkey [countable] a large bird similar to a chicken that has no feathers on its ...

| [countable, informal] a film or play that is very unsuccessful ; ... (26 of 89 words, 3 definitions, 1 usage example, pronunciation) turkey [entry 1] a large bird grown for its meat on farms | the flesh of this bird used as food (17 of 30 words, 2 definitions, 2 usage examples, pronunciations) [United States, informal] something that fails badly | [United States, informal] a stupid or silly person (15 of 37 words, 2 definitions, 2 usage examples, pronunciations) turkey | turkeys [plural] a large bird with a bare wattled head and neck and brownish feathers.meat. Native to: North America. Latin name Meleagris gallopavo. | the meat of the ... (25 of 144 words, 6 definitions, pronunciation) encarta​.msn​.com​/dictionary 1861722557​/definition​.html [offline] Page last updated: 2013-06-26 Turkey | Define Turkey at Dictionary.com turkey noun, plural turkeys (especially collectively) turkey.

1. a large, gallinaceous bird of the family Meleagrididae, especially Meleagris gallopavo, of America, that typically has green, reddish-brown, and yellowish-brown plumage of a metallic luster and that is domesticated in most parts of the world. 2. the flesh of this bird, used as food. 3. a person or thing of little appeal; dud; loser. a naive, stupid, or inept person. a poor and unsuccessful theatrical production; flop. 5. Bowling. three strikes in succession. Idioms talk turkey, Informal. to talk frankly; mean business. Origin of turkey Expand 1545-1555 1545-55; short for Turkey cock and Turkey hen cock and hen of Turkey, first applied to guinea fowl, later confused with the American bird Turkey noun 1. a republic in W Asia and SE Europe. 296,184 sq. mi. (767,120 sq. km): 286,928 sq. mi. (743,145 sq. km) in Asia; 9257 sq.

mi. (23,975 sq. km) in Europe. Capital: Ankara. Examples from the Web for turkey Expand Contemporary Examples So why do we persist in observing the tryptophan and turkey and sleep version of the Thanksgiving? Cobb's Bill-of-Fare Irvin Shrewsbury Cobb Miss Brock allowed Helen to eat some of the white meat of the turkey. The Riverman Stewart Edward White British Dictionary definitions for turkey Expand noun (pl) -keys, -key 1. a large gallinaceous bird, Meleagris gallopavo, of North America, having a bare wattled head and neck and a brownish iridescent plumage. The male is brighter and has a fan-shaped tail. A domestic variety is widely bred for its flesh 2. the flesh of the turkey used as food 3. a similar and related bird, Agriocharis ocellata (ocellated turkey), of Central and N South America 4. any of various Australian birds considered to resemble the turkey, such as the bush turkey 5. a dramatic production that fails; flop a thing or person that fails; dud 6.

(slang, mainly US & Canadian) a stupid, incompetent, or unappealing person 7. (slang) (in tenpin bowling) three strikes in a row 8. (informal, mainly US & Canadian) talk turkey, to discuss frankly and practically Word Origin C16: shortened from Turkey cock (hen), used at first to designate the African guinea fowl (apparently because the bird was brought through Turkish territory), later applied by mistake to the American bird Turkey noun 1. a republic in W Asia and SE Europe, between the Black Sea, the Mediterranean, and the Aegean: the centre of the Ottoman Empire; became a republic in 1923. The major Asian part, consisting mainly of an arid plateau, is separated from European Turkey by the Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, and Dardanelles. Official languages: Turkish; Kurdish and Arabic minority languages. Religion: Muslim majority. Currency: lira. Capital: Ankara. Pop: 80 694 485 (2013 est).

Area: 780 576 sq km (301 380 sq miles) Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for turkey Expand n. 1540s, "guinea fowl" (Numida meleagris), imported from Madagascar via Turkey, by Near East traders known as turkey merchants. The larger North American bird (Meleagris gallopavo) was domesticated by the Aztecs, introduced to Spain by conquistadors (1523) and thence to wider Europe, by way of North Africa (then under Ottoman rule) and Turkey (Indian corn was originally turkey corn or turkey wheat in English for the same reason).

The word turkey was first applied to it in English 1550s because it was identified with or treated as a species of the guinea fowl. The Turkish name for it is hindi, literally "Indian," probably via Middle French dinde (c.1600, contracted from poulet d'inde, literally "chicken from India," Modern French dindon), based on the common misconception that the New World was eastern Asia. The New World bird itself reputedly reached England by 1524 at the earliest estimate, though a date in the 1530s seems more likely. By 1575, turkey was becoming the usual main course at an English Christmas. Meaning "inferior show, failure," is 1927 in show business slang, probably from the bird's reputation for stupidity. Meaning "stupid, ineffectual person" is recorded from 1951. Turkey shoot "something easy" is World War II-era, in reference to marksmanship contests where turkeys were tied behind a log with their heads showing as targets.

Turkey country name, late 14c., from Medieval Latin Turchia, from Turcus (see Turk ) + -ia . Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Expand Turkey definition Republic straddling southeastern Europe and the Middle East , bordered by the Black Sea to the north, Georgia and Armenia to the northeast, Iran to the east, Iraq and Syria to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea to the southwest, and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Ninety-seven percent of the country is in Asia . Ankara is its capital, but Istanbul is its largest city and former imperial capital. Note: The Ottoman Empire emerged in Anatolia (the western portion of Asian Turkey) during the thirteenth century and survived until 1918. At its height, during the sixteenth century, the empire stretched from the Persian Gulf to western Algeria and included all of southeastern Europe. Note: The declining Ottoman Empire allied with Germany , Austria , and Bulgaria in World War I and suffered disintegration and Greek occupation at the end of the war. Note: After the rise of a nationalist movement led by Kemal Ataturk , the Republic of Turkey was established in 1923.

Note: In 1871, the archaeologist and scholar Heinrich Schliemann discovered the site of ancient Troy on the west coast of Asian Turkey. Note: The country's relations with Greece have been characterized by tension and conflict for centuries. Note: Turkey has been a member of NATO since 1952. Note: Parts of the country were devastated by an earthquake in 2000. Note: Turkey has long resisted separatist demands from militant Kurds in the eastern part of the country. The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Slang definitions & phrases for turkey Expand Wild turkey videos, photos and facts - Meleagris gallopavo | ARKive Top Wild turkey biology The wild turkey typically forages on the ground in small flocks, or will climb or fly into low shrubs or trees in search of fruits (5) . Foraging occurs throughout the day, although the wild turkey is usually most active first thing in the morning and just before sunset (4) .

This species generally searches for food by scratching on the floor of the forest or field in which it is foraging, using its feet to turn over the surface (5) . Often, male and female wild turkeys will form separate flocks during the winter (10) . An opportunistic feeder (3) (5) (9) , the wild turkey takes a great variety of different foods depending on the season and the location (9) . However, plant matter always comprises a large proportion of its diet (3) , with hard mast, such as acorns, pines and hackberry seeds, as well as corns, seeds, leaves, grains and berries, being particularly important (5) (7) (9) . Insects and other invertebrates are also eaten during the spring and summer (3) (9) (10) , and are especially important to the diet of young wild turkeys (4) (7) . The male wild turkey begins to ‘gobble’ and strut as part of the breeding courtship display around April or May (10) , although some displays begin as early as January in parts of its range (5) .

Generally, the roosting males will gobble in the roost tree, before flying down to the display ground just after sunrise and strutting to attract a female (3) . During the display, the male will continue gobbling, and may also puff out the feathers, spread the tail and drop the wings as it struts (7) . Nests are usually built on the ground, with the female wild turkey typically selecting a nest site at the edge of a wood or forest, close to fields (3) (10) . The concealed nest is a simple, shallow depression among the leaf litter or vegetation at the base of a tree or bush (3) (5) (7) . The female lays a clutch of between 10 and 12 eggs, and begins to incubate continuously once the final egg has been laid. The eggs are incubated solely by the female for around 28 days (3) (5) (7) (10) . The female wild turkey looks after the young alone, and broods them throughout the summer (10) .

The young turkeys, known as ‘poults’, grow rapidly and are able to fly within ten days, although they roost on the ground with the female until they are around two weeks old (3) . Top Wild turkey range The wild turkey is native to North America, where it occurs in southern Canada, south throughout the United States and into Central Mexico (5) (9) . Each subspecies of wild turkey has a slightly different distribution (5) . The eastern wild turkey, Meleagris gallapavo sylvestris, is the most widely distributed of the subspecies (3) , occurring in parts of Canada and throughout the eastern half of the United States (3) (5) . This particular subspecies has also been introduced to other parts of the United States, including California, Idaho and Washington (3) . The wild turkey has also been introduced to parts of Europe and New Zealand (5) . Top Wild turkey habitat To thrive, the wild turkey needs habitats which provide roosting and nesting cover, as well as year-round dependable food sources (3) .

Each subspecies of wild turkey prefers a slightly different habitat (4) (5) , but the species as a whole is typically found in hardwood forests with scattered open areas and nearby agricultural fields, particularly where oak dominates (2) (3) (9) . The wild turkey also requires an open source of water, such as a spring seep, stream, pond, lake or livestock watering source (4) . Generally, the wild turkey will nest and roost in woodlands and forests with a dense understory (3) (4) (9) , or where cover is provided by fallen tree limbs, rocky outcrops, or brushy vegetation (3) (4) . This species most often rears its young in prairies, pastures, hayfields or abandoned fields, which have both cover from predators and an abundance of insects. In winter, the wild turkey is frequently found on south-facing slopes and in open oak forest, as well as close to unploughed agricultural land, fields spread with manure, fallow fields and prairies (9) . Top Wild turkey threats Historically, wild turkey populations have not always been properly managed.

During the 19th and 20th centuries, the wild turkey population declined drastically, and this species became locally extinct in many North American states as a result of hunting and habitat loss (9) . However, this species has since made a resounding comeback in North America due to a hugely successful wildlife management recovery effort (3) (4) (5) . Today, the wild turkey is considered a hugely important game bird, receiving attention from a wide range of organisations dedicated to its conservation (3) . Despite this, the wild turkey continues to face a number of threats. Development, overgrazing by livestock, lack of mature forest or roost trees and a lack of suitable habitat for raising young can all limit wild turkey populations (4) . This species also regularly experiences high fluctuations in population size, largely due to weather conditions and predation (9) . Reproduction rates in the wild turkey can also vary year on year, which affects the number of young birds recruited into the adult population. If periods of poor reproduction are not acknowledged when the annual harvest levels are set, over-hunting of the adult population may result and could have a long-term impact on this species’ population size (11) .

Illegal poaching also presents a threat to wild turkey populations in some areas (3) . Loss of habitat is a continued threat to the wild turkey, with the loss of oak forests being of particular concern. The loss and deterioration of oak forest due to logging practices such as ‘high-grading’, where only the best trees are taken, results in the replacement of oak by tree species that provide the wild turkey with less suitable habitat. Oak forests are also increasingly threatened by diseases such as oak wilt and invasive insect species, which will in turn impact on wild turkey populations (3) . The release of game farm turkeys into the wild also poses a severe threat to wild turkey populations. If domestic and wild turkeys interbreed in the wild it could contaminate the gene pool of the wild turkey, which is better adapted to cope with harsh environmental conditions. Birds released from game farms also have a higher incidence of disease, which may then be transmitted to otherwise healthy wild turkeys (3) . Top Wild turkey conservation Despite being extirpated from most of North America by the late 1800s, the wild turkey represents a great wildlife management success story (12) .

Attempts to use game farm turkeys for reintroduction programs failed until the 1940s, when wild birds were caught and transported to new areas of suitable habitat. Wild-caught birds were much better at surviving than farm-raised birds, and quickly became established. The ‘trap and transplant’ technique was widely used across North America (2) (3) , and today, approximately 7 million wild turkeys inhabit 49 American states and 7 Canadian provinces (9) . A number of organisations are now dedicated to the restoration and conservation of the wild turkey population in North America. The National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF), for example, partners with state, federal and provincial wildlife agencies to conserve the wild turkey and protect the hunting heritage of North America (12) . The wild turkey is included on most state wildlife management plans. In Wisconsin, for example, a variety of management practices are being implemented by the state to ensure this species’ conservation. Measures include establishing new areas of suitable habitat, managing existing oak woodland and other suitable wild turkey habitat, educating hunters, and carrying out research and population monitoring (14) .

Maintenance and enhancement of existing habitats on private land is also key to ensuring that wild turkey populations thrive (9) (14) , and in Wisconsin, wildlife managers frequently meet with private landowners and advise them to maintain or improve habitat for the wild turkey (3) . Hunting of the wild turkey is strictly controlled, with new harvest regulations issued annually to minimise any long-term impact of hunting on wild turkey populations (3) (9) (14) . In addition to careful management, the wild turkey would benefit from further research into its life history and ecology, as well as a more consistent approach to monitoring turkey populations (9) . Find out more about wild turkey management and conservation: National Wild Turkey Federation: To find out more about the wild turkey and birds in general: BirdLife International - Wild turkey: turkey - definition and meaning turkey Definitions from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition n. A large North American bird (Meleagris gallopavo) that has brownish plumage and a bare wattled head and neck and is widely domesticated for food. n. A related bird (Agriocharis ocellata) of Mexico and Central America, brilliantly colored and having eyelike spots on its tail.

n. Slang A person considered inept or undesirable. n. Slang A failure, especially a failed theatrical production or movie. n. Sports Three consecutive strikes in bowling. idiom talk turkey Informal To speak frankly and get down to the basic facts of a matter. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License n. Either of two species of bird in the genus Meleagris with fan-shaped tails and wattled necks. n. A failure. n. A foolish or inept person. n. An act of throwing three strikes in a row. from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English n. Any large American gallinaceous bird belonging to the genus Meleagris, especially the North American wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and the domestic turkey, which was probably derived from the Mexican wild turkey, but had been domesticated by the Indians long before the discovery of America. from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia n. n. A bag containing a lumber-jack's outfit. n. An American gallinaceous bird of the genus Meleagris; any species of Meleagridæ. See the technical names. n.

The second species of Meleagris is M. ocellata, the ocellated turkey of Honduras and some other parts of Central America. This is much smaller and more beautiful than the other; the plumage is intensely lustrous, and in part eyed with iridescent ocelli, recalling those of the peacock; the bare head is deep-blue, studded with caruncles of an orange color, and no dewlap is developed. n. With qualifying term, one of several different Australian birds which resemble or suggest the turkey. See phrases below. from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. n. an event that fails badly or is totally ineffectual n. large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food n. a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; on the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the Young Turks, led by Kemal Ataturk, established a republic in 1923 n. flesh of large domesticated fowl usually roasted n.

a person who does something thoughtless or annoying Etymologies from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition After Turkey from a confusion with the guinea fowl, once believed to have originated in Turkish territory. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License From Turkey. The guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), native to Africa, was imported to Europe by turkey merchants. The larger northern American bird Meleagris gallopavo, thought to resemble the guinea fowl, was brought to Spain by conquistadors in 1523; from there it was introduced to northern Africa, at the time under Ottoman rule, and then via the Middle East back into Europe. Examples - TURKEY HUNT PREVIEW When Thomas Washburn, 14, of Woodbury, heads into the turkey woods in about a week, he'll try to accomplish something on his first hunt that his grandfather, Reinhard Riessen, a veteran of many hunts near Mankato, has never done: bag a gobbler.

Wild Turkey, Life History, All About Birds - Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2500–10800 g Relative Size One of our largest and heaviest birds; smaller than a Trumpeter Swan; about twice the size (and four times as heavy) as a Ring-necked Pheasant. Other Names Gaujalote (Spanish) Cool Facts The Wild Turkey and the Muscovy Duck are the only two domesticated birds native to the New World. In the early 1500s, European explorers brought home Wild Turkeys from Mexico, where native people had domesticated the birds centuries earlier. Turkeys quickly became popular on European menus thanks to their large size and rich taste from their diet of wild nuts. Later, when English colonists settled on the Atlantic Coast, they brought domesticated turkeys with them. The English name of the bird may be a holdover from early shipping routes that passed through the country of Turkey on their way to delivering the birds to European markets. Male Wild Turkeys provide no parental care. Newly hatched chicks follow the female, who feeds them for a few days until they learn to find food on their own.

As the chicks grow, they band into groups composed of several hens and their broods. Winter groups sometimes exceed 200 turkeys. As Wild Turkey numbers dwindled through the early twentieth century, people began to look for ways to reintroduce this valuable game bird. Initially they tried releasing farm turkeys into the wild but those birds didn’t survive. In the 1940s, people began catching wild birds and transporting them to other areas. Such transplantations allowed Wild Turkeys to spread to all of the lower 48 states (plus Hawaii) and parts of southern Canada. Because of their large size, compact bones, and long-standing popularity as a dinner item, turkeys have a better known fossil record than most other birds. Turkey fossils have been unearthed across the southern United States and Mexico, some of them dating from more than 5 million years ago. When they need to, Turkeys can swim by tucking their wings in close, spreading their tails, and kicking. Habitat Open Woodland Wild Turkeys live year-round in open forests with interspersed clearings in 49 states (excluding Alaska), parts of Mexico, and parts of southern Alberta, Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, Canada.

Turkeys in northeastern North America use mature oak-hickory forests and humid forests of red oak, beech, cherry, and white ash. In the Southeast, turkeys live in forests containing pine, magnolia, beech, live oak, pecan, American elm, cedar elm, cottonwood, hickory, bald cypress, tupelo, sweetgum, or water ash, with understories of sourwood, huckleberry, blueberry, mountain laurel, greenbrier, rose, wisteria, buttonbush, or Carolina willow. Southwestern birds are often found in open grassy savannah with small oak species. In Alberta, turkeys live between pinyon-juniper forest and ponderosa pine forest. Food Omnivore Wild Turkeys eat plant matter that they forage for in flocks, mostly on the ground but sometimes climbing into shrubs or low trees for fruits. In fall, winter, and early spring they scratch the forest floor for acorns from red oak, white oak, chestnut oak, and black oak, along with American beech nuts, pecans, hickory nuts, wild black cherries, white ash seeds, and other seeds and berries.

When deep snow covers the ground, they eat hemlock buds, evergreen ferns, spore-covered fronds of sensitive ferns, club mosses, and burdock. During the spring they may dig up plant bulbs if nuts are scarce. In late spring and summer, Wild Turkeys strip seeds from sedges and grasses, occasionally supplementing their plant diet with salamanders, snails, ground beetles, and other insects. Like most birds they swallow grit to help digest their food. Behavior Ground Forager Wild Turkeys get around mostly by walking, though they can also run and fly—when threatened, females tend to fly while males tend to run. At sundown turkeys fly into the lower limbs of trees and move upward from limb to limb to a high roost spot. They usually roost in flocks, but sometimes individually. Courting males gobble to attract females and warn competing males. They display for females by strutting with their tails fanned, wings lowered, while making nonvocal hums and chump sounds.

Males breed with multiple mates and form all-male flocks outside of the breeding season, leaving the chick-rearing to the females, The chicks travel in a family group with their mother, often combining with other family groups to form large flocks of young turkeys accompanied by two or more adult females. Each sex has an independent pecking order, with a stable female hierarchy and a constantly changing male hierarchy. Wild Turkeys are hunted by coyotes, bobcats, raccoons, mountain lions, Golden Eagles, Great Horned Owls, and people. Nest predators include raccoons, opossums, striped skunks, gray foxes, woodchucks, rat snakes, bull snakes, birds, and rodents. status via IUCN Least Concern Wild Turkeys are numerous and their populations increased sharply between 1966 and 2014, according to the North American Breeding Survey. Partners in Flight estimates a global breeding population of 7.8 million with about 89% living in the U.S., 10% in Mexico, and 2% in Canada.

They rate a 7 out of 20 on the Continental Concern Score and are not on the 2014 State of the Birds Watch List . Wild Turkeys regained and even expanded their range after drastic declines during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from hunting and habitat loss. One subspecies disappeared from New England in the mid-nineteenth century, surviving in small numbers in wilderness areas of the Gulf States, the Ozarks, and the Appalachian and Cumberland plateaus. Another subspecies disappeared from parts of Texas, while yet another declined precipitously in numbers throughout the Southwest. In the early twentieth century people tried unsuccessfully to use farm turkeys for restoring wild populations, but in the late 1940s they began to successfully transplant wild-caught turkeys into suitable habitat. No other game bird has responded so well to the efforts of game managers. The birds are popular among hunters; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates 21 percent of all U.S. hunters (about 2.5 million people) pursue turkey, making it the second most-sought game after deer. Their expanding populations have made it possible for hunting seasons to be put in place in all 49 states in their range.

Back to Top Credits Eaton, S. W. 1992. Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) . In The Birds of North America, No. 22 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America Online, Ithaca, New York. North American Bird Conservation Initiative, U.S. Committee. 2014. State of the Birds 2014 Report . U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, DC. View dynamic map of eBird sightings Backyard Tips If you have a large yard near woods, you can attract Wild Turkeys by planting nut-bearing or berry trees. Some people attract turkeys by scattering birdseed or corn on their lawns; just beware that this can also attract unwanted visitors such as rodents. Find out more about what this bird likes to eat and what feeder is best by using the Project FeederWatch Common Feeder Birds bird list . Find This Bird To find Wild Turkeys it helps to get up early in the morning, when flocks of these large birds are often out foraging in clearings, field edges, and roadsides.

Keep an eye out as you drive along forest edges, particularly forests with nut-bearing trees such as oak and hickory, and you may even see turkeys from your car. In spring and summer, listen for gobbling males; the calls are loud, distinctive, and they carry great distances. You’ll usually find turkeys on the ground, but don’t be surprised if you run across a group of turkeys flying high into their treetop roosts at the end of the day. Meleagris gallopavo synonyms, Meleagris gallopavo antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com Meleagris gallopavo synonyms, Meleagris gallopavo antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail Synonyms Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Write what you mean clearly and correctly. References in periodicals archive ?

Genetic variation within and among wild Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, subspecies was measured using DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis of a 655 bp portion of the mtDNA D-loop region.

MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION WITHIN AND AMONG WILD TURKEY (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO) SUBSPECIES Bird species that tested positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 in South Korea, 2010-2011 Avian order and species Scientific name Galliformes * Domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus Common quail Coturnix coturnix Common pheasant Phasianus colchicus Domestic turkey Meleagris gallopavo Anseriformes Domestic duck * Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Mandarin duck Aix galericulata Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus Baikal teal Anas formosa White-fronted goose Anser albifrons Spot-billed duck Anas poecilorhyncha Falconiformes Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Common kestrel Falco tinnunculus Strigiformes Eurasian eagle owl Bubo bubo Unknown -- Total Avian order and species Sample No.

Gene expression profiling in the pituitary gland of laying period and ceased period Huoyan geese Species Common Name Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated Hummingbird Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed Cuckoo Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker Dryocopus pileatus Pileated Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus Red-bellied Woodpecker Meleagris gallopavo Wild Turkey Picoides pubescens Downy Woodpecker Picoides villosus Hairy Woodpecker Species Bluebell Bohm Sweet William Archilochus colubris 0.

Riparian bird community from the Rio Sabinas, Coahuila, Mexico Key Words: correlation, Eastern Wild Turkey, Georgia, Indices, Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Thirty-year case study showing a negative relationship between population and reproductive indices of Eastern wild turkeys in Georgia The species considered big game are Alces alces, Anser albifrons, Anser fabalis, Antilocapra americana, Bos bison, Branta canadensis, Branta hutchinsii, Canis lupus, Canis rufus, Cervus canadensis, Chen caerulescens, Chen canagica, Chen rossii, Lynx canadensis, Lynx rufus, Meleagris gallopavo, Odocoileus hemionus, Odocoileus virginianus, Oreamnos americanus, Ovibos moschatus, Ovis canadensis, Puma concolor, Rangifer tarandus, Ursus americanus, and Ursus arctos.

Abstracts of Presentations at the 2013 (123rd) Annual Meeting of the Tennessee Academy of Science In the fall, calling isn't as effective, but this is a good time to hunt Meleagris gallopavo, because the pressure is off and, with an either-sex tag in hand, a hunter has a good chance of bagging a tom (or a hen) for the table. There are plenty of cures for cabin fever this winter Key words: intermale aggression, testosterone, deslorelin acetate, avian, domestic turkey, Meleagris gallopavo Use of deslorelin acetate implants to mitigate aggression in two adult male domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and correlating plasma testosterone concentrations Among them was Alabama; during the first few days of the season at White Oak Plantation near Tuskegee, an area abundant in largemouth bass, white-tailed deer and Meleagris gallopavo silvestris, the Eastern subspecies of wild turkey. Meleagris gallopavo Introductory WILDLIFE SPECIES: Meleagris gallopavo AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION : Snyder, S. A. 1992.

Meleagris gallopavo. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: [ ]. ABBREVIATION : MEGA COMMON NAMES : wild turkey turkey TAXONOMY : The currently accepted scientific name for wild turkey is Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus [ 1 ]. The six subspecies are distinguished by coloration, size, and distribution [ 1 , 18 ]: Meleagris gallopavo ssp. silvestris Vieillot (eastern wild turkey) M. gallopavo ssp. osceola Scott (Florida wild turkey) M. gallopavo ssp. mexicana (Gould's wild turkey) M. gallopavo ssp. merriami Nelson (Merriam's wild turkey) M. gallopavo ssp. intermedia Sennett (Rio Grande turkey) M. gallopavo ssp.

gallopavo (Mexican wild turkey) ORDER : Galliformes CLASS : Bird FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS : No special status OTHER STATUS : NO-ENTRY WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE WILDLIFE SPECIES: Meleagris gallopavo GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : The wild turkey has been successfully introduced in most states outside of its native range and has also been introduced in southern Saskatchewan, southwestern Manitoba, and southern Ontario [ 1 , 8 ]. It is resident locally from central Arizona and central Colorado to northern Iowa, central Michigan, southern New Hampshire, and southwestern Maine south to southern Texas, the Gulf Coast, and Florida; and since being introduced into the western states, ranges throughout the continental United States and Hawaii [ 8 , 18 ]. The original ranges of subspecies of wild turkey in North America are listed below [ 18 ]: M. g. ssp. silvestris - most of the eastern and midwestern United States, from southern Ontario south through northern Florida and from the Atlantic Coast to Kansas and Nebraska M. g. ssp. osceola - Florida Peninsula M. g. ssp. mexicana - north-central Mexico M. g. ssp.

merriami - Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado M. g. ssp. intermedia - Texas, northern Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas M. g. ssp.

gallopavo - east-central Mexico ECOSYSTEMS : FRES12 Longleaf-slash pine FRES13 Loblolly-shortleaf pine FRES14 Oak-pine FRES15 Oak-hickory FRES16 Oak-gum-cypress FRES17 Elm-ash-cottonwood FRES18 Maple-beech-birch FRES19 Aspen-birch FRES20 Douglas-fir FRES21 Ponderosa pine FRES26 Lodgepole pine dFRES28 Western hardwoods FRES31 Shinnery FRES32 Texas savanna FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub FRES35 Pinyon-juniper FRES36 Mountain grasslands FRES37 Mountain meadows FRES38 Plains grasslands FRES39 Prairie FRES40 Desert grasslands FRES41 Wet grasslands STATES : AL SK MEXICO BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 3 Southern Pacific Border 4 Sierra Mountains 5 Columbia Plateau 6 Upper Basin and Range 7 Lower Basin and Range 8 Northern Rocky Mountains 9 Middle Rocky Mountains 10 Wyoming Basin 

11 Southern Rocky Mountains 12 Colorado Plateau 13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont 14 Great Plains 15 Black Hills Uplift 16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : K005 Mixed conifer forest K010 Ponderosa shrub forest K011 Western ponderosa forest K012 Douglas-fir forest K016 Eastern ponderosa forest K017 Black Hills pine forest K018 Pine - Douglas-fir forest K019 Arizona pine forest K022 Great Basin pine forest K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland K024 Juniper steppe woodland K026 Oregon oakwoods K029 California mixed evergreen forest K030 California oakwoods K031 Oak - juniper woodlands K032 Transition between K031 and K037 K037 Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub K051 Wheatgrass - bluegrass K059 Trans-Pecos shrub savanna K061 Mesquite - acacia savanna K062 Mesquite - live oak savanna K066 Wheatgrass - needlegrass K

067 Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass K079 Palmetto prairie K080 Marl - Everglades K081 Oak savanna K083 Cedar glades K084 Cross Timbers K086 Juniper - oak savanna K087 Mesquite - oak savanna K090 Live oak - sea oats K091 Cypress savanna K092 Everglades K098 Northern floodplain forest K099 Maple - basswood forest K100 Oak - hickory forest K101 Elm - ash forest K102 Beech - maple forest K103 Mixed mesophytic forest K104 Appalachian oak forest K106 Northern hardwoods K109 Transition between K104 and K106 K110 Northeastern oak - pine forest K111 Oak - hickory - pine forest K112 Southern mixed forest K113 Southern floodplain forest K115 Sand pine scrub SAF COVER TYPES : 24 Hemlock - yellow birch 25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch 28 Black cherry - maple 39 Black

 ash - American elm - red maple 40 Post oak - blackjack oak 42 Bur oak 43 Bear oak 44 Chestnut oak 52 White oak - black oak - northern red oak 53 White oak 55 Northern red oak 60 Beech - sugar maple 63 Cottonwood 70 Longleaf pine 71 Longleaf pine - scrub oak 76 Shortleaf pine - oak 78 Virginia pine - oak 81 Loblolly pine 82 Loblolly pine - hardwood 84 Slash pine 85 Slash pine - hardwood 89 Live oak 98 Pond pine 102 Baldcypress - tupelo 103 Water tupelo - swamp tupelo 105 Tropical hardwoods 109 Hawthorn 210 Interior Douglas-fir 217 Aspen 220 Rocky Mountain juniper SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : NO-ENTRY PLANT COMMUNITIES : Wild turkeys predominantly inhabit oak (Quercus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.)-oak forests across North America [ 18 , 21 ].

They also frequent bottomland hardwood sites such as those dominated by cottonwood and aspen (Populus spp.). In the West wild turkeys use ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)-oak forests and mature mixed conifer forests [ 6 ]. In the Southwest they use pinyon (Pinus spp.)-juniper (Juniperus spp.) types mixed with oak [ 23 ]. In the Southeast wild turkeys inhabit loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), slash pine (P. elliottii), and pond pine (P. serotina) forests mixed with hardwoods. They also use baldcypress (Taxodium distichum)-water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) types [ 24 ].

REFERENCES : NO-ENTRY BIOLOGICAL DATA AND HABITAT REQUIREMENTS WILDLIFE SPECIES: Meleagris gallopavo TIMING OF MAJOR LIFE HISTORY EVENTS : Mating Season - February through April Incubation - 28 days; 10 to 13 eggs; preccocial young Age of Maturity - 1 year, but may not mate until 2 to 3 years of age; polygamous Longevity - can live to 10 or 12 years, but 5 years is considered "old"; annual mortality of 50% in a population is common [ 13 , 18 , 21 , 26 ] PREFERRED HABITAT : The wild turkey occurs in a variety of habitats from bottomland hardwood forests to upland woods and pine forests. These forests must be interspersed with pastures, grasslands, or agricultural land and other openings that can provide feeding, dusting, and brooding habitat [ 22 ]. In Oregon, wild turkeys prefer to roost in large ponderosa pines on easterly slopes.

They also may roost in logging slash on north slopes between 2,000 and 3,000 feet (610-914 m). In this same part of Oregon, wild turkeys prefer ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir-oak stands in spring and summer, mixed conifer stands in spring and winter, and oak stands in winter [ 6 ]. Eastern Texas brooding hens selected low stocked stands with abundant herbaceous cover [ 5 ]. In the Black Hills of South Dakota wild turkeys nest in slash and on rock outcrops [ 20 ]. In Arizona they will roost in valleys and in ponderosa pines on northerly slopes [ 23 ]. In Massachusetts, wild turkeys select agricultural land during winter, where they have a better chance of surviving severe winters than if they remained in the forests [ 27 ]. In the fields, wild turkeys can feed on manure. COVER REQUIREMENTS : Wild turkeys need mature, open forests (for traveling and seeing predators) interspersed with grassy openings. The amount of openings required by wild turkeys varies from 10 to 25 percent of the total range.

Clearings should be spaced so that hens with broods do not have to travel more than 1 to 2 miles (1.6-3.2 km) [ 22 ]. Areas considered unsuitable include large tracts of even-aged pine on short rotations, intensely farmed fields, and areas with a lot of human activity. Healy (in Shroeder [ 22 ]) estimated that the best cover for poults in the Southeast is a grass and forb mixture 15.7 to 27.6 inches (40-70 cm) tall and with a biomass of 600 to 3,000 kilograms per hectare dry weight. This should be mixed with trees and a 60 to 100 percent cover in the understory. For more detailed habitat suitability index models, see Schroeder [ 22 ]. FOOD HABITS : Wild turkeys eat fruits, seeds, tubers, bulbs, and greens of locally common plants. They also eat animals such as snails, spiders, grasshoppers, millipedes, and salamanders [ 22 ].

Grasses are usually important spring foods, while mast and fruits are important during the fall and winter. Poults rely on insects for protein. Some plant food species of the wild turkey include flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), wild cherry (Prunus serotina), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), hickory (Carya spp.), hawthorn (Crateagus spp.), oak, cottonwood and aspen (Populus spp.), pinyon, juniper, prickly pear (Opuntia spp.), sumac (Rhus spp.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), rye (Secale cereale), soybean (Glycine max), paspalum (Paspalum spp.), and panic grass (Panicum spp.) [ 18 , 22 , 23 ]. Wild turkeys must be near drinking water on a daily basis [ 26 ].

PREDATORS : Predators of the turkey include humans, coyote (Canis latrans), skunks, weasels, mink (Mustelidae), raccoon (Procyon lotor), opossum (Didephis virginiana), feral dog (Canis commonis), bobcat (Felis rufus), foxes (Vulpes spp., Urocyon spp.), squirrels, chipmunks (Sciuridae), hawks (Buteo spp., Accipiter spp.), raven, crow, magpie (Corvidae), and various snake species [ 18 , 21 , 22 ]. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS : The wild turkey is a popular game species that has been introduced to almost every state outside the limits of its original range [ 21 ]. However, it is not very tolerant of human activity and has suffered from urbanization as well as intense farming and conversion of native forest land to pine plantations [ 11 , 22 ]. Wild turkeys are susceptible to domestic poultry diseases [ 26 ]. Pesticide spraying to reduce vegetation may temporarily result in decreased turkey use of an area [ 2 ].

Wild turkey populations declined following cutting, burning, and chaining of pinyon-juniper types in Arizona [ 23 ]. Partially cut units showed only a temporary reduction in turkey use. Where one-third of a large tract (800 ha) was treated, use decreased from 32 percent to 3 percent during summer. These authors recommended that cleared areas be less than 300 feet (90 m) wide and that cover in travel corridors between feeding and roosting areas be maintained. REFERENCES : NO-ENTRY FIRE EFFECTS AND USE WILDLIFE SPECIES: Meleagris gallopavo DIRECT FIRE EFFECTS ON ANIMALS : Spring fires may destroy nests. Fast-moving fires may kill newly hatched poults, but once wild turkeys can fly, fires are probably not much of a problem; and losses to the population are negligible [ 15 ]. HABITAT RELATED FIRE EFFECTS : Annual prescribed burns in longleaf-wiregrass (Aristida spp.)-bracken fern (Pteridium aquilegia) types of Georgia stimulated the growth of important wild turkey food plants like legumes and panic grass [ 4 ].

Following prescribed fires in the Georgia Piedmont, total seed production of desirable food plants increased during postburn year 1 from 6.4 kilograms per hectare to 26.4 kilograms per hectare [ 7 ]. Spring, late summer, and winter fires in Texas slash pine plantations seriously reduced mast production but increased fruiting of flowering dogwood [ 19 ]. Loblolly pine stands in South Carolina were burned to determine the effects of fire on wild turkeys [ 8 ]. One plot, burned every winter for 20 years showed an increase in desired food plants like winged sumac (Rhus copallina), beggartick (Desmodium spp.), and partridge pea (Cassia nictitans). An adjacent plot burned every summer for 20 years and one unburned plot showed little to no value for wildlife. FIRE USE : Prescribed fire can be used to stimulate the growth of food plants and promote early spring green up of grasses [ 22 ]. Fire can also reduce litter, exposing seeds and insects; and reduce brush so that turkeys can be wary of predators [ 14 , 15 , 25 ].

Fire can be used to create edges to increase nesting habitat [ 25 ]. It can also reduce parasites such as ticks and lice [ 16 ]. Devet and Hopkins [ 8 ] recommended burning loblolly-longleaf pine stands every 3 years, and burning every 4 to 6 years in Piedmont regions. For burning recommendations of mast-producing oak species see the desired species in the FEIS database. REFERENCES : NO-ENTRY FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under "Find Fire Regimes". References for species: Meleagris gallopavo 1 . American Ornithologists' Union. 2004. The A.O.U. check-list of North American birds, 7th edition, [Online]. American Ornithologists' Union (Producer). Available: [2005, January 10]. [50863] 2. Beasom, Samuel L.; Scifres, Charles J. 1977. Population reactions of selected game species to aerial herbicide applications in south Texas. Journal of Range Management.

30(2): 138-142. [408] 3. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434] 4. Buckner, James L.; Landers, J. Larry. 1979. Fire and disking effects on herbaceous food plants and seed supplies. Journal of Wildlife Management. 43(3): 807-811. [11966] 5. Campo, Joseph J.; Swank, Wendell G.; Hopkins, Curtis R. 1989. Brood habitat use by eastern wild turkeys in eastern Texas. Journal of Wildlife Management. 53(1): 479-482. [17691] 6. Crawford, John A.; Lutz, R. Scott. 1984.

Merriam's wild turkey. Final Report on Project No. PR-W-79-R-2. [Place of publication unknown]: [Publisher unknown]. 39 p. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [17156] 7. Cushwa, Charles T.; Martin, Robert E. 1969. The status of prescribed burning for wildlife management in the Southeast. Proceedings, 34th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference. 34: 419-428. [15652] 8. DeGraaf, Richard M.; Scott, Virgil E.; Hamre, R. H.; [and others]. 1991. Forest and rangeland birds of the United States: Natural history and habitat use. Agric. Handb. 688. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 625 p. [15856] 9. Devet, David D.; Hopkins, Melvin L. 1968.

Response of wildlife habitat to the prescribed burning program on the National Forests in South Carolina. Proceedings, Annual Conference of Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners. 21: 129-133. [14633] 10. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 11. Felix, A. C., III; Sharik, T. L.; McGinnes, B. S. 1986. Effects of pine conversion on food plants of northern bobwhite quail, eastern wild turkey, and white-tailed deer in the Virginia piedmont. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 100: 47-52. [17692] 12. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

68 p. [998] 13. Hoffman, Richard W. 1991. Spring movements, roosting activities, and home-range characteristics of male Merriam's wild turkey. The Southwestern Naturalist. 36(3): 332-337. [17088] 14. Hurst, George A. 1978. Effects of controlled burning on wild turkey poult food habits. Proceedings, Annual Conference of Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. 32: 30-37. [14648] 15. Hurst, George A. 1981. Effects of prescribed burning on the eastern wild turkey. In: Wood, Gene W., ed. Prescribed fire and wildlife in southern forests: Proceedings of a symposium; 1981 April 6-8; Myrtle Beach, SC. Georgetown, SC: Clemson University, Belle W. Baruch Forest Science Institute: 81-88. [14813] 16. Jacobson, H. A.; Hurst, G. A. 1979.

Prevalence of parasitism by Amblyomma americanum on wild turkey poults as influenced by prescribed burning. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 15: 43-47. [16067] 17. Kessell, Stephen R. 1981. A review and evaluation of succession modeling approaches. Final report to: Cooperative Agreement Supplement No. 11 between Gradient Modeling, Inc. and Intermountain Station. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1981. 42 p. [1334] 18. Latham, Roger M. 1976. Complete book of the wild turkey. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 118 p. [17688] 19. Lay, Daniel W. 1956. Effects of prescribed burning on forage and mast production in southern pine forests. Journal of Forestry. 54: 582-584. [13828] 20. Rumble, Mark A.; Anderson, Stanley H. 1987.

Turkey habitat use and nesting characteristics in ponderosa pine. In: Fisser, Herbert G., ed. Wyoming shrublands: Proceedings, 16th Wyoming shrub ecology workshop; 1987 May 26-27; Sundance, WY. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming, Department of Range Management, Wyoming Shrub Ecology Workshop: 36-39. [13917] 21. Schorger, A. W. 1966. The wild turkey; its history and domestication. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 625 p. [17689] 22. Schroeder, Richard L. 1985. Habitat suitability index models: eastern wild turkey. Biol. Rep. 82(10.106). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fish and Wildlife Service. 33 p. [17686] 23. Scott, Virgil E.; Boeker, Erwin L. 1977. Responses of Merriam's turkey to pinyon-juniper control. Journal of Range Management.

30(3): 220-223. [16742] 24. Still, Hugh R.; Baumann, David P. 1989. Wild turkey activities in relation to timber types on the Francis Marion National Forest. In: Waldrop, Thomas A., ed. Proceedings of pine-hardwood mixtures: a symposium on management and ecology of the type; 1989 April 18-19; Atlanta, GA. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-58. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station: 137-141. [10270] 25. Stoddard, Herbert L. 1961. Wild turkey management. In: The Cooperative Quail Study Association: May 1, 1931-May 1, 1943. Misc. Publ. No. 1. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 426-433.

[Reprinted from: Transactions, 21st American game conference; 1935 January 21-23; New York, NY. Washington, DC: American Game Association.]. [15077] 26. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1981. Habitat management for turkeys. Salina, KS: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 4 p. [17687] 27. Vander Haegen, W. Matthew; Sayre, Mark W.; Dodge, Wendell E. 1989. Winter use of agricultural habitats by wild turkeys in Massachusetts. Journal of Wildlife Management. 53(1): 30-33. [17690]

Question: Which large domesticated bird has the Latin name meleagris gallopavo?
Answer: Turkey