Department of Rio Negro, Uruguay Rio Negro Uruguay Uruguay’s Department of Rio Negro is an inland province that is located in the western portion of South America’s second smallest nation. The capital of this province is a city that is called Fray Bentos. The city of Fray Bentos is also the largest city in the Department. Other cities in the Department of Rio Negro with at least 1000 Uruguayans include Young, San Javier and Nuevo Berlin. The Rio Negro Department is spread out over a total area of less than 4,000 square miles. This province is home to approximately 55,000 full time people of Uruguay and during peak tourism months there are a number of tourists that come to explore this region. Some people come to Rio Negro province specifically to enjoy the rural setting. This is a region where many things seem to have remained the same over the years. The pace of life is slow and unhurried, the fresh foods are delicious and there are hills, valleys and vineyards to explore. The western border of the Department of Rio Negro is shared with Argentina, and it is the wide, waters of the Uruguay River that separates the country of Argentina from this Uruguay province.

The Paysandu is located to the north of Rio Negro and the Tacuarembo borders Rio Negro on the east. To the south of Rio Negro Province are the departments of Soriano and Durazno . Among the beautiful geographic features of the Rio Negro Province are the hills. There are two important ranges that must be mentioned. The first is the north to south range known as the Haedo Hill Range and the other is called the de Navarro Hill Range. The department of Rio Negro was created almost 150 years ago in 1868. At this time this western Uruguayan province was carved from a portion of the territory known as Paysandu. The Rio Negro region of Uruguay has long based its economy on agricultural pursuits. Even today many of the residents are involved in farming and ranching. In addition to maize, flax and wheat Rio Negro is also recognized for producing fine grapes that are used to create Uruguay wines . Vineyards, wineries and dairy farms are now becoming the most important local Uruguay economy for those living in this Department in Uruguay. There are a number of hot water springs in this Uruguayan Department.

These thermal spas are found mainly in the Las Canas region and are responsible for enticing many guests to discover this western Uruguayan department. Fray Bentos wikipedia - wiki Fray Bentos map - wiki articles about Fray Bentos on the map | Gulliway Climate Cfa Fray Bentos is the capital city of the Río Negro Department, in south-western Uruguay . Its port on the Uruguay River is one of the nation's most important harbours. The city host the first campus of the Technological University, beside the historically relevant industrial complex Anglo, a World Heritage site. One of the biggest pulp mills in the world is situated close to Fray Bentos and the Libertador General San Martín Bridge, and it was the center of the largest political dispute between Uruguay and Argentina during the 21st century. Location The city is close to the border with Argentina and about 160 kilometres (99 mi) due north of Buenos Aires , and 309 kilometres (192 mi) north-west from Montevideo, Uruguay's capital. History The town was originally founded as 'Villa Independencia' by Decree of 16 April 1859.

It became capital of the Department of Río Negro on 7 July 1860 by the Act of Ley Nº 1.475 and its status was elevated to "Ciudad" (city) on 16 July 1900 by the Act of Ley Nº 2.656. Its current name, meaning "Friar Benedict", is derived from a reclusive priest. Historically, Fray Bentos' main industry has been meat processing. An industrial plant owned by the Societe de Fray Bentos Giebert & Cie., the Liebig Extract of Meat Company, was founded there in 1863. It was closed in 1979, after 117 years in operation. A local history museum opened on the site in March 2005. Fray Bentos was the location of the crash of Austral Flight 2553, in which 74 people were killed (69 passengers and 5 crew) on October 10, 1997. Population In 2011 Fray Bentos had a population of 24,406.

Year Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay Economy A meat packing plant in Fray Bentos See also: Fray Bentos (food brand) In 1899 a company called "Anglo", which originated from Lemco, began making corned beef there, which was sold as "Fray Bentos Corned Beef" in the UK. Fifty years later, the Fray Bentos company diversified into soups, meatballs and tinned fruit. During the 1990s the focus shifted to pies and puddings and Fray Bentos was taken over by the Campbell Soup Company. However, in 2006, 'Campbells UK' was acquired by Premier Foods.The brand is now owned in the UK by Baxters, which manufactures the product range in Scotland. Additionally, the Campbell Soup Company manufactures and sells Fray Bentos branded steak and kidney pies in Australia. In 2008, the Brazilian-owned Marfrig Group announced the re-opening of the Liebig factory and the resumption of export of meat products, though at a lower capacity than at the original factory.

Botnia S.A., a subsidiary of Finnish corporation Metsä-Botnia, has built a large cellulose factory in Fray Bentos to produce bleached eucalyptus pulp; production started in November 2007, and the first shipments were made in December 2007 from the overseas port of Nueva Palmira. Investment in the project was about 1 billion USD and the factory directly or indirectly employs about 8,000 people. The project, however, is not without its opponents. On 30 April 2005 about 40,000 Argentines from Entre Ríos , along with environmental groups from both countries, demonstrated at the bridge linking both countries; since then, around ten to fifteen Argentinians have been blocking the international bridge to put pressure on the Uruguayan government to stop production at the factory, claiming it will gravely pollute the Uruguay River. On 20 December 2005 a World Bank study concluded that the factory would not have a negative impact on the environment or tourism in either country. The paper mill started operating in November 2007 (see Pulp mill conflict between Argentina and Uruguay).

Museums and culture Fray Bentos has an Industrial Revolution Museum in the former meat processing factory of the Liebig Extract of Meat Company where thousands of people worked. When it was shut down, the opportunity was taken to create a unique museum, where the original machinery and social and cultural artefacts of the technological revolution in Fray Bentos could be shown to the world. The museum exhibits, for tourism and educational purposes, the machinery used in the meat and extract of meat process, the buildings, an 1893 Merryweather water pumping machine, a complete canning plant, a plant where the meat was cooked, a laboratory, etc. It also has a museum for the artist Luis Alberto Solari, who was born in the city. The Miguel Young Theatre is an important cultural landmark. Sports Fray Bentos has its own football league, the Liga Departamental de Fútbol de Río Negro, established in 1912, made up of 14 teams. Among the most notable are Fray Bentos Fútbol Club, Club Atlético Anglo and Laureles Fútbol Club. In fiction The title character of Borges' short story "Funes el Memorioso" was from Fray Bentos.

Notable people Gastón Ramírez (2 December 1990), footballer Lucas Torreiro, footballer Lucas Torreiro Federico Elduayen June 25, 1977, footballer Walter Pelletti (born 31 May 1966), former footballer Luis Alberto Solari (October 17, 1918 - October 13, 1993), was a painter and engraver Juan Manuel Tenuta (1924-2013), was an actor Juan José Timón (18 November 1937 – 13 July 2001), cyclist See also Map of Río Negro Department - Río Negro Department Map Search Engine Map of Río Negro Department Toggle navigation World Map Finder, Map of Río Negro Department. The best web resource for Map of Río Negro Department. World Map Finder - helping you find your way. Río Negro Department The Río Negro Department is an administrative division of Uruguay located in the west of the country. It has 54,765 inhabitants and an area of 9,282 km² (3,585 sq mi).

Its capital is Fray Bentos. BBC NEWS | Americas | Uruguay serves up slice of history Uruguay serves up slice of history By Veronica Psetizki Fray Bentos, Uruguay Fray Bentos: The town was once known as "Kitchen of the World" After many years the small western Uruguayan town of Fray Bentos is once again exporting the product that gave it name recognition around the world: corned beef. Initially manufactured for the working classes, the tinned cooked meat became a staple for many people in Britain and continental Europe. "I was brought up on it. I remember eating corned beef until it came out of my ears," said Prince Charles during a visit to Uruguay in 1999. Fray Bentos is the original location of the main factory of the German-British Liebig Extract of Meat Company. Established in 1863, it produced meat extract, tinned beef and by-products. The factory exported its goods around the world Renamed the Anglo Meatpacking plant in 1924, the factory fed generations of Europeans and allied troops during World War I and II. Such was its importance as a food exporter that the town was once known as "The Kitchen of the World".

"Not only did our products fill European stomachs; they also got into European hearts and minds," said historian Rene Boretto, director of the Museum of the Industrial Revolution, which is on the site of the former abattoir. "In World War I, soldiers would say 'Fray Bentos' to indicate that something was good, the same way we nowadays say OK, " Mr Boretto said. Further proof of the product's impact, he said, was the fact that during that war, when there were only a few tanks, British soldiers named one of them "Fray Bentos" because inside it they felt like tinned meat. Family history Thirty years after the closure of the Anglo Meatpacking Plant, the Brazilian-owned Marfrig Group is producing corned beef in Fray Bentos once again and exporting it to Britain. Exports to the United States were set to start at the end of October. Julio Bonizzi, Marfrig's plant manager, said the company was already producing corned beef at its Brazilian plants but decided that Fray Bentos offered an inexpensive and simple way to expand production capacity. "The opening of this plant has a double meaning for us," said Omar Lafluf, the local mayor.

"First, we are resuming production of a staple that made us world pioneers, and that gave global recognition to this town. Second, it provides an important source of jobs, employing more than 100 people." Residents of this small Uruguayan town, which has a population of 23,000, are proud to have recovered the industry that put them on the world map and employed several generations of fraybentinos. "I work in the labelling department, doing the same job my husband's grandmother did at the Anglo," said Leticia Martinez at Marfrig's plant. In its heyday, the Anglo factory employed several thousand people Her husband, Marcelo Da Rocha, says that corned beef gave jobs to his whole family: he, his brothers, cousins, uncles and grandparents have all worked in meat processing. Recalling his days at the Anglo, where he began work at age 14, Norberto Bordoli, now 84, said the factory attracted employees from afar. "Workers came from almost 60 countries.

My grandfather came from Italy to work here, and I worked at the plant until it closed." The end of the WWII, coupled with both Europe's economic recovery and outdated equipment at the plant, led to the factory's closure in 1979, explains historian Rene Boretto. Minus the moo Although the opening of the new plant is good news for the town, it is far smaller than its predecessor, the Anglo. In its heyday in the 1940s, 5,000 people worked in the five-storey building. More than 200 types of tinned and processed food were produced, not only meat by-products but also vegetables, sweets and jams. The new plant's Brazilian owners think Fray Bentos is an ideal location "Every day, 1,600 cows, 6,400 lambs and hundreds of pigs and turkeys were slaughtered. The smell was very intense in the whole city," recalls Mr Bordoli. According to Mr Boretto, "The only part of the cow that went to waste was the moo." "Before the English arrived we only slaughtered the cow for its hide, tongue and some cuts of meat," he said.

"Then we learned that there was a market for each by-product. France bought bile stones for the perfume industry. Thick ear hair made into brushes, there were unthinkable uses." In today's Fray Bentos, the mood is one of hope. Some people are taking advantage of a job opportunity in an industry that left its mark on the town and, for many, it is the continuation of a long family tradition they do not want to lose.

uruguay - Geography 182a with Bell at University of California - Los Angeles - StudyBlue -1828 treaty of montevideo, fostered by the UK, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state -nation's first constitution was adopted on 18 july 1830 Blancos-colorados conflicts After independence the political scene in uruguay became split between two parties:the conservative Blancos (whites) headed by manuel oribe, representing the agricultural interests of the countryside; and the liberal colorados (reds) led by fructuoso rivera, representing the buisness interests of montevideo late 1950's -partly because of a world-wide decrease in demand for agricultural products, Uruguayans suffured from a steep drop in their standard of living, which led to student militancy and labor unrest * The material on this site is created by StudyBlue users. StudyBlue is not affiliated with, sponsored by or endorsed by the academic institution or instructor. Words From Our Students "StudyBlue is great for studying. I love the study guides, flashcards and quizzes.

So extremely helpful for all of my classes!" Alice , Arizona State University "I'm a student using StudyBlue, and I can 100% say that it helps me so much. Study materials for almost every subject in school are available in StudyBlue. It is so helpful for my education!" Tim , University of Florida "StudyBlue provides way more features than other studying apps, and thus allows me to learn very quickly!??I actually feel much more comfortable taking my exams after I study with this app. It's amazing!" Jennifer , Rutgers University "I love flashcards but carrying around physical flashcards is cumbersome and simply outdated. StudyBlue is exactly what I was looking for!" Justin , LSU Uruguay (country) | Article about Uruguay (country) by The Free Dictionary Uruguay (country) | Article about Uruguay (country) by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Uruguay (yo͝o`rəgwā, gwī, Span. o͞oro͞ogwi`, o͞oro͞owī`), officially Oriental Republic of Uruguay, republic (2005 est. pop.

3,416,000), 68,536 sq mi (177,508 sq km), SE South America. The second smallest country (after Suriname) in South America, Uruguay extends from a short Atlantic coastline along the north bank of the Río de la Plata to the Uruguay River, which separates it on the west from Argentina. To the north is Brazil. The capital and largest city is Montevideo Montevideo , city (1996 pop. 1,330,405), S Uruguay, capital and largest city of Uruguay, on the Río de La Plata. It is one of the major ports of South America and the governmental, financial, and commercial center of Uruguay. ..... Click the link for more information. . Land and People The land is an area of topographical transition from the humid Argentine Pampa to the uplands of S Brazil.

North of the alluvial plain, known as the Banda Oriental [Span.,=east bank, i.e., of the Uruguay and the Río de la Plata], Uruguay generally has long, sweeping slopes and grasslands, wooded valleys with slow-moving rivers, and long ranges of low hills, with some huge granite blocks that stand out against the horizon. Although Uruguay is within the temperate zone, climatic variations are moderate; generally the climate is warm, with rainfall evenly distributed through the seasons, but in some years there are severe droughts. Most of the population is concentrated in the south; over 40% live in Montevideo. Almost 90% of Uruguay's people are of European descent, Spanish and Italian predominating; there are few pure indigenous Uruguayans. The original inhabitants, the Charrúa, were absorbed into the Spanish and Portuguese populations after long resistance; today the mestizo element (less than 10% of the total population) is found principally in N Uruguay. Spanish is the official language, but a dialect containing elements of Spanish and Portuguese is spoken along the Brazilian frontier. The majority of the population is nominally Roman Catholic.

The nation has long been remarkable for its contributions to literature and the arts (see Spanish American literature Spanish American literature, the writings of both the European explorers of Spanish America and its later inhabitants. See also Spanish literature; Portuguese literature; Brazilian literature. ..... Click the link for more information. ). The Univ. of the Republic is in Montevideo. Economy Uruguay's greatest natural resource is its rich agricultural land, almost 90% of which is devoted to livestock raising. Cattle, sheep, horses, and pigs are the major livestock animals. Grains for cattle fattening and human consumption make up the bulk of the harvested crops. Rice is the major food crop, followed by wheat and sugarcane. Corn is the principal feed concentrate. Barley, oats, and grain sorghums are also grown, and oil crops (flaxseed and sunflower seed) and sugar beets are important. In the vicinity of Salto Salto , city (1996 pop. 93,417), capital of Salto dept., NW Uruguay, on the Uruguay River. Salto is a thriving cultural and commercial center for a farming and livestock region. There are boatbuilding, meatpacking, and wine industries. .....

Click the link for more information. there are many orchards and vineyards. Despite Uruguay's basically agricultural-pastoral economy, its dependence upon imports for most raw materials, and its lack of fuel resources, there is considerable industrialization. The processing of agricultural and animal products accounts for about half of the manufacturing activity; Fray Bentos Fray Bentos , city (1996 pop. 22,577), capital of Río Negro dept., SW Uruguay, a port on the Uruguay River. It was founded in 1859 as Independencia and renamed for an 18th-century religious hermit of the region. ..... Click the link for more information. and Paysandú Paysandú , city (1996 pop. 84,172), capital of Paysandú dept., W Uruguay, a port on the Uruguay River. It is Uruguay's third largest city and the commercial center for a rich stock-raising and farming district. ..... Click the link for more information. are noted for their meatpacking plants. Other industries manufacture electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, and chemicals. A large refinery near Montevideo processes imported crude oil.

Mineral resources include marble, stone, granite, and bauxite. There are important hydroelectric plants on the Uruguay and Negro rivers. Fishing and forestry add to the country's economy. Uruguay's magnificent beaches, such as those at Punta del Este Punta del Este , city (1996 pop. 8,252), E Uruguay, on the Atlantic Ocean. Located on a narrow peninsula surrounded by excellent beaches, Punta del Este is one of the largest and most fashionable seaside resorts of South America; fishing is also important to the local economy. ..... Click the link for more information. , are great economic assets; tourists, chiefly from Argentina, contribute much to the national income. The country's transportation facilities are extensively developed. Meat, wool, and hides and skins constitute the majority of Uruguay's exports; rice, fish, and dairy products are also exported. Machinery, chemicals, and vehicles are imported. Brazil, the United States, Argentina, and Russia are the main trading partners. Uruguay is a member of Mercosur Mercosur or Mercosul, officially the Common Market of the South, Latin American trade organization established in 1991 to increase economic cooperation among the countries of E South America. .....

Click the link for more information. . Government Uruguay is governed under the constitution of 1967 as amended. Executive power is held by the president, who is both head of state and head of government. The president is popularly elected for a five-year term and may not serve consecutive terms. The bicameral legislature, the General Assembly, consists of a 30-seat Chamber of Senators and a 99-seat Chamber of Representatives. The members of the General Assembly are also elected for five-year terms. Administratively, Uruguay is divided into 19 departments. History European Involvement and the Struggle for Independence Although the Río de la Plata was explored as early as 1515, it was not until 1624 that the Spanish established the first permanent settlement, at Soriano in SW Uruguay. The Portuguese founded (1680) a short-lived settlement at Colonia, and in 1717 they fortified a hill on the site of Montevideo. Fearing encroachment and competition, the Spanish drove them out (1724) and from then until the wars of independence controlled the Banda Oriental.

Uruguay's position between Spanish and Portuguese settlements, and later between Argentina and Brazil, helped determine the emergence of Uruguay as an independent state. On the pampas stock raising spread; gradually the unbounded range gave way to huge estancias (cattle ranches) and small settlements concentrated about the ranch buildings. It was the rough and hardy gaucho gaucho , cowboy of the Argentine and Uruguayan pampas (grasslands). The typical gaucho, a familiar figure in the 18th and 19th cent., was a daring, skillful horseman and plainsman. ..... Click the link for more information. who fought for independence, and the traditions, personal loyalties, and rivalries of the gauchos helped to keep the nation in almost continual strife for three quarters of a century after independence was won. When the revolutionary banner was raised in the Argentine in 1810, the leaders of the Banda Oriental, notably Artigas Artigas, José Gervasio , 1764–1850, national hero of Uruguay, first leader in the movement toward independence. He came from the cattle-raising region Banda Oriental.

He joined the revolution against Spain in 1811 and became the leader of the Orientales. ..... Click the link for more information. , accepted the cause, but in 1814 Artigas broke with the military junta of Buenos Aires and began a struggle for Uruguayan independence that lasted until the Brazilian occupation of Montevideo in 1820. Five years later a small group, known as the Thirty-three Immortals, under the guidance of Lavalleja Lavalleja, Juan Antonio , c.1786–1853, Uruguayan revolutionist. After serving under José Gervasio Artigas, Lavalleja was imprisoned for a short time by Brazil, then in control of Uruguay. ..... Click the link for more information. , declared Uruguay independent. Independence and War In 1827 at Ituzaingó Brazil was defeated. Great Britain, opposing Brazilian expansion south to the Río de la Plata, helped ultimately to create an independent Uruguay as a buffer state between Argentina and Brazil. The peace (1828) stipulated that the new Uruguayan constitution should be acceptable to both the larger nations.

When it was adopted in 1830, Fructuoso Rivera Rivera, Fructuoso , 1790?–1854, first president of Uruguay (1830–34, 1839–42). After serving with Artigas, he was one of the Thirty-three Immortals who raised the standard of independence under Juan Antonio Lavalleja. ..... Click the link for more information. was chosen as president. He was promptly faced with revolts led by his old rival, Lavalleja, and when he was succeeded in office by Manuel Oribe Oribe, Manuel , d. 1857, president of Uruguay (1834–38). After serving with José Gervasio Artigas, he became one of the Thirty-three Immortals who raised the standard of independence under Juan Lavalleja. ..... Click the link for more information. , he himself revolted against Oribe, who was in sympathy with Juan Manuel de Rosas Rosas, Juan Manuel de , 1793–1877, Argentine dictator, governor of Buenos Aires prov.

(1829–32, 1835–52). As a boy he served under Jacques de Liniers against the British invaders of the Rio de la Plata (1806–7). ..... Click the link for more information. of Argentina. In the long fratricidal struggle that ensued, the two dominant political parties of Uruguay emerged, Rivera's Colorados [reds] and Oribe's Blancos [whites]. Oribe was driven out in 1838, but later with the aid of Rosas returned to begin the long siege of Montevideo. The Italian patriot Garibaldi fought in the Uruguayan wars from 1842 to 1846. In 1851 the Argentine general Urquiza Urquiza, Justo José de , 1801–70, Argentine general and politician, president of the confederation (1854–60). As the caudillo of Entre Ríos prov., he helped sustain the power of Juan Manuel de Rosas. ..... Click the link for more information. drove out Rosas and brought an end to the Uruguayan civil war.

When in 1864 Brazil presented a claim for damages to property and nationals during the civil wars, Uruguay refused to accept it. Brazil invaded and, aided by the Uruguayan general Vanancio Flores (a Colorado), overthrew the Blanco president. Paraguay, under Francisco Solano López López, Francisco Solano , 1826?–1870, president of Paraguay (1862–70). He was the son of Carlos Antonio López, who made him a brigadier general at 18. ..... Click the link for more information. , came to the assistance of the Blancos, whereupon Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay formed a tripartite alliance against Paraguay (see Triple Alliance, War of the Triple Alliance, War of the, 1865–70, fought between Paraguay on one side and an alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay on the other. Brazil's military reprisals for injuries to Brazilian subjects in Uruguay's civil war brought a declaration of war against Brazil from ..... Click the link for more information. ). During the 19th and 20th cent. waves of immigration, chiefly from Europe, augmented the Uruguayan population.

Government Reforms Until the rise of José Batlle y Ordóñez Batlle y Ordóñez, José , 1856–1929, president of Uruguay (1903–07, 1911–15). A journalist and the head of the Colorado party, Batlle was a campaigner for political reform. ..... Click the link for more information. early in the 20th cent., Uruguay experienced many revolutions and counterrevolutions. In Batlle's second term as president (1911–15), however, began the social and material progress that made Uruguay one of the more stable and prosperous nations of Latin America. By a coup in 1933, Gabriel Terra Terra, Gabriel , 1873–1942, president of Uruguay (1931–38). In his early career a member of the Colorado party under the leadership of Batlle y Ordóñez, Terra served in several political and diplomatic posts. ..... Click the link for more information. suspended the constitution of 1919, and his rule was strongly personalistic.

Yet, under Terra's rule, which ended in 1938, the socialistic measures for public welfare were not reversed but forwarded; the labor code was broadened, social benefits increased, and industry further nationalized. Batlle's influence on Uruguayan political practice did not end with his death; concerned lest the country again fall prey to dictatorial caudillos, he had advocated the creation of an executive governing council. This reform, inspired by the Swiss multiple-executive system of government, was adopted in 1951; the office of president was abolished and replaced by a nine-man council with a president, chosen from the majority party, to act as titular head of state. The plural executive, however, proved ineffectual; factionalism and apathy within the council hindered action on social and economic problems, which became pressing in the mid-1950s and acute during the 60s. Civil Strife in Modern Uruguay The increasing use of synthetics and the steadily declining price of wool cut deeply into Uruguay's exports of wool and leather. Inflation and unemployment grew, and the vast, inefficient bureaucracy became a burden to the economy.

In 1958 the Colorados, who had been in power for over 93 years, were overwhelmingly defeated by the conservative Blancos, who won again in 1962 by a narrower margin. Throughout the 1960s and early 70s the economic decline continued, intensified by droughts and floods and accompanied by massive social unrest—riots, paralyzing strikes, and the emergence of a terrorist Marxist guerrilla group, the well-organized Tupamaro National Liberation Front (see Tupamaros Tupamaros , urban guerrilla organization and political party in Uruguay, also known as the National Liberation Army. Named for the Inca revolutionist Tupac Amaru, it became active as a guerrilla force in the early 1960s, distributing stolen food and money among the poor in ..... Click the link for more information. ). In 1967 a new constitution abolished the plural executive and reinstated a powerful president. That same year the Colorado party returned to power, with Oscar Gestido as president. Gestido died after several months in office and was succeeded by his vice president, Jorge Pacheco.

Pacheco and his hand-picked successor, Juan María Bordaberry Bordaberry Arocena, Juan María, 1928–2011, Uruguayan politician. Born into a wealthy and politically conservative family, he was elected (1962) senator as a member of the National party. ..... Click the link for more information. (who was elected in 1972), ruled with increasingly dictatorial powers. As the Tupamaros increased their terrorist activities, kidnapping foreign diplomats and assassinating high officials, the army assumed tremendous power, even successfully pressuring President Bordaberry (June, 1973) to dissolve the congress and suspend the constitution. The military, which made Aparicio Méndez president in 1976, ruled Uruguay with brutal force, regularly disregarding human rights by kidnapping, imprisoning, torturing, or murdering citizens. The government's repressive tactics caused a massive emigration of Uruguayans, mostly to Argentina. After a 1980 plebiscite to continue de facto military rule was voted down by the populace, the military government steadily lost power. General Gregorio Álvarez became president in 1981.

In 1985, Julio María Sanguinetti of the centrist Colorado party became president, restoring civilian government but also granting amnesty (1986) to former leaders accused of human-rights violations (for crimes committed in Uruguay). Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera of the conservative National (Blanco) party became president in 1990. He was forced to form a coalition government in order to secure a parliamentary majority, and his attempts to introduce free-market reforms were obstructed. Sanguinetti was returned to the presidency by a slim margin in the 1994 elections, and also had to form a coalition; he sought cutbacks in Uruguay's bankrupt social security program and modest amounts of privatization. In 1999, Jorge Batlle Ibañez, also of the Colorado party, was elected president; during the election, he faced a strong challenge on the left from the Broad Front's Tabaré Vázquez, the former mayor of Montevideo. Since the late 1990s the country's economy has been hurt by crises in the economies of Brazil and Argentina, its principal trade partners, resulting in several years of recession that became particularly severe in 2002.

In 2003, Batlle Ibañez announced that the government would compensate families of victims of the 1976–85 military dictatorship and of the guerrilla groups that opposed it. Uruguay's economic difficulties enabled Tabaré Vázquez Vásquez, Tabaré (Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas) , 1940–, Uruguayan political leader, president of Uruguay (2005–10, 2015–). He studied medicine in Uruguay and France, becoming an oncologist. ..... Click the link for more information. to win the presidency without a runoff in 2004; his Broad Front coalition also won majorities in both legislative houses. Vázquez became the first leftist to be elected president in Uruguay. The planned construction in Uruguay of two pulp mills on the Uruguay River along the Argentina border led to tensions between the two nations throughout 2006; fearful of possible pollution from the mills, Argentinians blockaded several bridges between the nations.

The International Court of Justice agreed to hear Argentina's contention that the mills violated a treaty on the use of the river but allowed construction to proceed (Uruguay built just one mill) while the court considered the case; it also refused to order Argentina to stop the protests, which continued until June, 2010. In 2010 the court ruled that although Uruguay had failed to adhere to its procedural obligations under the treaty, it had not violated its environmental obligations and the mill could continue to operate. An accord establishing a joint environmental monitoring committee for the river was signed in Nov., 2010. Also in 2006, former president Bordaberry was charged and arrested in connection with the political murders of dissidents and others in 1976; he was convicted in 2010 of having violated the constitution during his presidency. In 2007 former president Álvarez was arrested on similar charges and was convicted in 2009. The supreme court in 2009 declared the 1986 amnesty law unconstitutional.

In the Oct., 2009, elections the Broad Front won a narrow legislative majority, and after a runoff in November its presidential candidate, José "Pepe" Mujica Mujica Cordano, José Alberto 1935–, Uruguayan political leader. Popularly known as "Pepe," he had minimal formal education. During the 1960s, Mujica, a farmer and a socialist, was one of the founders of the Tupamaros, a violent guerrilla group that sought to foment ..... Click the link for more information. , a former leftist guerrilla, also won. Legislation to overturn the amnesty law failed to pass in May, 2011. Although Mujica had not backed the legislation, he signed a decree in June that allowed as many as 80 human-rights cases to proceed, and in October a law revoking the amnesty was enacted. In 2013, however, the supreme ruled aspects of the law unconstitutional, effectively restoring the amnesty. The Broad Front's Vázquez won a second term as president in Nov., 2014, after a runoff; the coalition also narrowly retained control of the legislature. Bibliography See G.

Pendle, Uruguay (3d ed. 1965); R. H. Brannon, The Agricultural Development of Uruguay (1968); J. H. Ferguson, The River Plata Republics (1968); T. E. Weil et al., Area Handbook for Uruguay (1971); M. E. Gilio, The Tupamaro Guerrillas (tr. 1973); M. H. Finch, A Political Economy of Uruguay Since 1890 (1981); M. Weinstein, Uruguay: Democracy at the Crossroads (1988). Uruguay (yo͝o`rəgwā, gwī, Span. o͞oro͞ogwi`, o͞oro͞owī`), river, c.1,000 mi (1,610 km) long, rising in S Brazil and flowing in an arc W, SW, and S to the Río de la Plata, an estuary; it forms part of the Brazil-Argentina border and most of the Argentina-Uruguay line.

Its chief headstream is the Pelotas of S Brazil; the Río Negro Negro, Río , principal river of Uruguay, c.500 mi (800 km) long, rising in S Brazil and flowing SW across central Uruguay to the Uruguay River. It traverses a sheep-raising region; there is agriculture along its lower course. ..... Click the link for more information. of S Brazil and Uruguay is an important tributary. The lower river is navigable for oceangoing vessels for 130 mi (209 km) upstream. Its upper course is broken by waterfalls. Salto Grande Falls is the site of a joint hydroelectric project of Argentina and Uruguay. Argentinian environmental concerns over Uruguay's construction of a pulp mill on the river led to a prolonged dispute that finally led in 2010 to an agreement to create a joint environmental monitoring program for the river. Concordia, Argentina, and Salto and Paysandú, Uruguay, are on the river.

Uruguay Rio Negro Uruguay Lodging - Homes, Villas and Apartment Vacation Rentals in Uruguay Vacation Rentals » South America » Uruguay » Central Uruguay » Rio Negro Uruguay Rio Negro Uruguay Lodging Río Negro Department is in the northwestern region of Uruguay . Its capital is Fray Bentos and borders Paysandú Department to the north, Tacuarembó Department to the east, Durazno Department to the southeast, Soriano Department to the south and has the Río Uruguay flowing at its west, separating it from Argentina . Fray Bentos, is essentially a port town on the Uruguay River. It is close to the border with Argentina and about 160 kilometers (99 mi) north of Buenos Aires , and 309 kilometers (192 mi) north-west from Montevideo , Uruguay's capital. The department has many events and a range of accommodations and lodging options. From spacious vacation rentals to cozier condo rentals and apartment rentals, Rio Negro offer many choices. Historically, Fray Bentos' main industry has been meat processing.

An industrial plant founded in 1863 and closed in 1979, after 117 years in operation was turned into local history museum opened on the site in March 2005. The museum shows, for tourism and educational purposes, the machinery used in the meat and extract of meat process, the buildings, an 1893 Merryweather water pumping machine, a complete canning plant, a plant where the meat was cooked, a laboratory etc. For the outdoors enthusiast Uruguay offers access to Estancias (cattle ranches) that invite visitors to experience the traditional way of life of the gaucho, the famous cowboys of the grasslands. Estancias in this country are telling their history, both at the traditional European estancia shells lying in the middle of the plains and at the estates or farms raised in the warmer areas of the country. The friendly Uruguayan gaucho will host visitors and attract with their delicious mate to show them into their world. All visitors to Rio Negro will find many accommodation, apartment rental and vacation rental options located in and around its many wonderful sites.

The towns in and around the Rio Negro region also offer many traditional accommodations, vacation rental and apartment rental choices are just a few of the features of this department. With its old world theatres and opera houses, to its festivals and world class restaurants, Uruguay is a country waiting to be explored. Nestled between Brazil to the north, Argentina to the south, from gaucho country, small towns, and modern bustling city to dazzling white sand beaches Uruguay has it all. Rio Negro makes for an authentic experience and it offers a whole range of tourism attractions and a range of accommodation options from apartment rentals and vacation rentals to suit all budgets and tastes. Total Rent Rio Negro Uruguay Vacation Activities 8 Vacation Rentals view sort by Sorry, there is no rental accommodation currently available in Rio Negro Uruguay for your search criteria. Please change your search preferences or try a nearby region to increase the number of properties displayed. Punta del Este: Lincoln Center Towers: Apartment in a complex 2 BDR #208318 avg $231 USD/night The apartment is located in the Wilson Tower of the modern resort Lincoln Center Towers (located in the 18 Stop of the Playa Mansa) across from the beach.

Downtown is a short 2 miles. The Lincoln Center Towers is a luxury building with amenities for all ages, from swimming pools & beach services to mini golf and a private restaurant, tennis courts, fully equipped gym, daily maid service, playrooms, movie house and Wi-Fi. The apartment is an ocean view fully furnished, 2 bed/2 bath with a terrace completed remodeled condo: ceramic floors, granite counters, high quality appliances (stove, fridge, microwave and washing machine), new furniture and furnishings throughout with 2 flat screen HD TVs with cable channels. In the master bedroom there is a queen size bed, and sleeping for 3 in the second bedroom. Utilities are included, however phone expenses are charged separately. In addition to all the activities on the Lincoln Resort, there are lots of fun and exciting things to do nearby. Live Entertainment, Casino Horseback riding Shopping Sailing Honestly, the whole peninsula is a tour, where ever you go, you will also see big and sumptuous houses, and its beautiful and cared gardens done with plants which were brought from every part of the world, wide avenues, boulevards, and a quality that is difficulty to find in other South American cities. Gorlero Avenue, the main av.

Of the resort is where you will find commercial galleries, restaurants, cinemas, casinos, shops and many more attractions. Artigas square, over Gorlero av. Is the place where the popular handcraft market takes places. Throughout its many stands you can find handicrafts of an excellent quality and materials such as leather, stone, metal, glass, etc. You can visit Faro de Punta del Este, the city's lighthouse, dating from 1860, and the nearby Meteorological Station with a lookout tower. On the tip of the peninsula, Puerto Punta del Este is pleasant for strolling. Many come to watch the yachts arrive in order to find out which celebrities will be in town. There are two sides to Punta: the calm river, or bayside area, and the much rougher ocean side, where surfing and other activities are popular. Mansa Beach is on the river side, close to downtown; Punta Ballena, an area known for whale-watching (ballena is Spanish for whale), is several miles further out. The point is also famous for the hotel and art studio complex called Casa Pueblo, designed by the artist Carlos Páez Vilaró.

It's a not-to-be-missed site, where locals and tourists alike gather to watch the sunset. On the ocean side, beaches get less crowded and more exclusive and glamorous as you head from the downtown beginning with Playa de Los Ingleses, just off the downtown. La Mano, a creepy giant concrete hand coming out of the sand, is one of the symbols of the city, and sits on Playa de Los Ingleses, across from the bus station. It's often the site of fashion shoots. After Playa de Los Ingelese is Playa El Emir, Playa Brava, Playa de La Barra, Playa de Montoya, Playa Bikini—well known for surfing, and, as its name implies, girl watching—and Playa Jose Ignacio, which is known for its celebrity homes and its surfing spots. In the main center of Punta del Este a, the coastal route on the Rio de la Plata is called Rambla Claudio Williman and on the Atlantic side it's Rambla Lorenzo Batlle Pacheco.

Although these ramblas have different names, they are both part of the same Uruguay highway, Ruta 10, which wraps around Punta and the surrounding beach towns. Fray Bentos – Epicenter of the Uruguayan Industrial Revolution [English] Fray Bentos – Epicenter of the Uruguayan Industrial Revolution [English] Photo: Anglo. Photographer: Daniel Milnor . After working over nine months in the project Peñarol – un lugar donde conviven pasado y presente de manera singular y contradictoria (2010) (Peñarol – a place where past and present coexist in a singular and contradictory manner [2010]), we began, almost without wanting to, moving our gaze towards other emblematic industries linked to the British. Without really knowing why, we feel an unquestionable attraction to what we could barely conceptualize as ‘industrial historical heritage.’ Perhaps because of the imposing structures which represent a time of apogee, or their inevitable condition of decadent beauty. Photo: Hooks. There is an unquantifiable collection of hooks used to transport the beef along the productive process. Frigorifico (Slaughterhouse) Anglo, Fray Bentos, Rio Negro, Uruguay.

Photographer: Martin Herrera Soler . So, the thing is, without clear purpose and drifting, we arrived in Fray Bentos in January of 2012. This time reinforced by a special cast. Beyond the usual suspects (Diego Vidart and I, from the Dokumental collective), this time we were joined by Daniel Milnor and Larry Hayden, two friends from the North embarked in the adventure of getting to know Uruguay, and with the intention of producing collectively; giving free rein to individual creation and playing, through editing, to create a narrative covering the diversity of views on a theme in common. Regarding the experiment of working collectively (which is the central axis of Dokumental and the theme that brings up the passion in their creators), much can be said. While we are still searching for a methodology that works, integrating documentalists scattered throughout the world, what we can assert without fear of being wrong is that the idea is worth it. It is enough to imagine four friends, a small car and ten days wandering around the roads of Uruguay in search of stories; your intuition will let you know that at least the search was fun (more on this later). Video Interview 2 (Rough Cut): Pedro.

Since then and until now, almost eight months later, I have continued to be involved with the subject, recently with a new visit to the venue with the intention of returning some of the images and multimedia stories recorded at that time. Among other things, I had the opportunity to learn much about the history of Fray Bentos, and to understand the huge impact that the Frigorífico (Slaughterhouse), in its various incarnations, had on the daily life and the idiosyncrasy of this unique place. When we first approached this project I understood little of its long history, and even less did I grasp that, beyond the renowned Frigorífico Anglo, its tradition and industrial importance started brewing long before the birth of this institution in 1924. In fact, since as early as 1820, in the same location existed saladeros (salting rooms) that exported charque [1] (jerky) for the slaves in Brazil, Cuba and the Southern United States.

In order to appreciate the magnitude and importance of the meat industry based in Fray Bentos, it is enough to mention a phrase often heard at that time: “In Fray Bentos they get the grande (the big prize of the national lottery) twice a month”, referring to the biweekly payroll payments used at the time. For many years it was the most important industry of the country in terms of production and employment. In its heyday, the budget for the wages (more than 4500 workers) was greater than the combined national budget. Photo: The Fridge. An external view of the five stories fridge built by the British to conserve the meat before being exported. Frigorifico (Slaughterhouse) Anglo, Fray Bentos, Rio Negro, Uruguay. Photographer: Martin Herrera Soler . That is why I stopped thinking about this project as focused on the Anglo and the British, and I expanded my look to Fray Bentos as the epicenter of the industrial revolution in Uruguay.

Even today, decades later, it is striking to wander the over six hectares of buildings of the Frigorífico and learn about the complexity and sophistication of this industry, about the degree of innovation and evolution, and about its impact and trascendental role in the national and world history, placing the name Fray Bentos in a special place in the collective memory of the Europeans during the war. While the better known portion of the story focuses on the British, the origins of the industrialization in the Frigorífico are different and are intrinsically linked to the lack of intestinal flora of a beautiful German young lady. It was in 1850 that the German chemist Liebig devised a process through which he could replicate the biological transformation the human body uses to extract the nutrients of the meat as part of the digestion. Thanks to this unique invention not only was he able to save his niece’s life, he also completely transformed the food industry and the future of warfare. Video Interview 1 (Rought Cut): Antonio.

Napoleon, in one of his riotous adventures of conquering, and after losing more than half of his army as a result of cold and starvation, talked about the need to find an efficient way of transporting food if someone really wanted to expand its conquering thirst to remote and foreign territories. It was then that his nephew Napoleon III who, seeking to follow in the footsteps of his uncle, launched a competition to reward he who was successful in such a great feat. The process devised by Liebig, while working in the laboratory, was extremely expensive and was not viable in the scale required to achieve the production levels for massive consumption. In 1862, inpired by the process used in Brasil to extract sugar from sugarcane, and after reading an article published by the above mentioned chemist, Jorge Giebert, of Belgian origin, devised a method of mass production which allowed the efficient extraction of industrial quantities of beef extract. After sending a letter to Liebig, which went unanswered, he personally went to see him in his laboratory, The Big Royal Pharmacy of Munich, to convince him of the technical seriousness of his approach.

Confronted with the effectiveness of the new technology and, according to the stories, with Giebert’s unbridled enthusiasm, Liebig decided without delay to cede to him the intellectual property of his invention, betting that in this way he could make his dream come true, and providing access to what was then a tonic (medicine) to anyone who, like his niece, needed it. Photo: Archives. Photographer: Diego Vidart . Giebert, besides being an engineer, proved to be a splendid entrepreneur and businessman. By early the following year he had already complete a prrof of concept in England, where cows were plentiful, and secured funding from a group of investors, among them a group from Belgium; that country specialized, at that time, in the processing of cowhides. Thus, in July of 1863, The Meat Extract Company Giebert and Company was founded. The engineer’s vision was becoming more real. At that time the system devised by him was capable of producing 4 kilos of meat extract in just two weeks of work (as a reference point, 1 kilo fed 132 soldiers).

Shortly thereafter, realizing the magnitude of the opportunity, and even before returning benefits to the original investors, Giebert obtained £150 thousand of additional capital and, in december of 1865, in London, founded the Liebig Extract of Meat Company (LEMCo). Fray Bentos proved to be the ideal ecosystem to develop the venture. Abundant raw material at lower cost than in Europe, fertile soils that reached high performance, cheap labor used to working with livestock, and an enviable location on the edge of the Uruguay River forming a natural deep-water harbor that guaranteed easy distribution to European markets. The business grew rapidly. The business vision transformed the way the fields were managed, achieving a more intensive production and using between 100 and 200 thousand head of cattle per year. Production was optimized in order to take advantage of animal waste and create, based on another radical discovery of Liebig, the first production of organic fertilizer. Until then the British producers were fertilizing their poor and badly managed soils with guano, the defecation of a bird in Northern Chile and Peru. The high consumption drastically reduced the availability, and the prices increased rapidly, making it unviable.

Adding to the new venture’s fortune, there was plenty of organic matter in the slaughterhouses of Fray Bentos, and thus the production was supplemented with more than 70 thousand kilos of fertilizer per day. It is documented that more than 1650 ships arrived to ports of the company each year, often loading three ships at a time by connecting them with moving walkways. In 1899 the company registered the brand Fray Bentos, which later became the property of the Oxo brand, which still exists in the UK and is currently owned by Premier Foods. The anecdotes say that the Oxo brand started with the 20 kilos cans of corned beef that, as they left Fray Bentos, were marked “Ox” (the name of the animal – buey – in English). Apparently the port workers, in their infinite quest for creativity and entertainment, rounded up the letters “Ox” with another “O” to make it look like a face: “OxO”. The cans arrived to the destination markets marked with the three letters, and consumers that appreciated the quality of the Uruguayan product demanded Oxo. The unquestionable success attracted people from diverse backgrounds.

Every day there were long lines in front of the main gate, with candidates from all over the country looking for the opportunity to be part of this miraculous system of production and, actually, this way of life. Curiously, the records show that in the Anglo worked a diverse group of foreign immigrants representing over 56 nationalities. Witness of the regional importance of this undertaking, the varied influx of workers transformed the culture of Fray Bentos; perhaps this place and this moment represent the most cosmopolitan expression that the country has had in its whole history. Photo: Antonio. Photographer: Larry Hayden . The advent of the First World War, the loss of competitiveness of Uruguay versus Argentina, and the bad image plus the postwar German debt, led to the sale of the operations in Uruguay, to be renamed Frigorífico Anglo and left in the hands of the British, both in what refers to capital and operation. These were years of great investment and growth, with the construction of cold storage, a building over 6 floors tall cooled by a circuit more than 70 kilometers long, driven by a redundant hydraulic system operated with three different sources of energy (steam, fuel oil and electricity).

The production of canned exports exceeded 16 million cans in 1943, and it was a critical food source for soldiers during World War II. The slaughterhouse reached its heyday during the 50s. Later, it endured a decade of stagnation that convened with the terrible flood in 1959 that affected the area. The inability to maintain the technological leadership and the declining demand in the U.S. and European markets led to the inevitable decline; this phase ends with the sale of the Frigorífico to the Uruguayan government in 1971. The ways the British are seen are diverse and extreme. There are those that rate them as exploiters, at best. However, many feel appreciation, respect and gratitude, beyond the peculiarities of a specific manager or another. Some recognize the fact that, in fact, the Anglo paid well. That “it gave me enough to buy a small house for myself and another for my parents, and a tiny car”; and there are some that recognize that “they paid well and the truth is that I drank it all”. The presence of the British in Fray Bentos did not go unnoticed.

Great is the legacy and even greater the indelible mark of the impact of their power. As if the construction of the first golf course in Uruguay were not enough, the Frigorífico marked the town of Fray Bentos in a very particular way. For many years it employed nearly all of its inhabitants, and the few who escaped the voracious production machinery created by the British, their daily lives depended indirectly on it. In a very unique way the town lived almost entirely “in the shadow” of the Frigorífico. And there was neither the need nor the vision to create other alternative and sustainable sources of work. As Pedro Irare, an Anglo employee well said: “the Frigorífico is finished, Fray Bentos is finished”. Photo: Pedro. Photographer: Daniel Milnor . What took many years to create, quickly started losing relevance. In just eight years of national management, under various brands and administrators, the lack of leadership –coupled with the declining European demand- led to the last slaughter in 1979.

To be fair, history indicates that all is not the consequence of the already obvious poor local administration; the social, cultural and economic restructuring of the old continent, influenced by the creation at the end of the war of the European common market, pushed the consumption of domestic products over those from other sources. Years later Fray Bentos claimed its second chance. With foreign investment exceeding one billion dollars, Botnia, a paper pulp processing plant from Finland, was installed on the edge of the town. Like once before, beyond the raw material –which is now trees instead of cows- Fray Bentos proves to be a privileged location for an industrial establishment. Technology arrives led by investors, the immigrants that possess its knowledge and, with them, the social and cultural changes that accompany such situations. History repeats itself, and this at least seems to be a constant of the model. Although for a short period of time, particularly during the construction of the plant, it employs a large number of workers as manual labor, this bonanza is fleeting and ephemeral.

As before, the town flourishes, hotels and various enterprises emerge, but the high technology and the automation require little labor, and those in demand need to be qualified and is, in general, alien to the skills of the local workers. Thus, in a short time, everything returns to the state of stagnation. This time, as before, significant and sustainable sources of labor were not created. History repeats itself. Botnia is finished, Fray Bentos is finished. [1] Charque or charqui (in quechua chárki, “cecina”) as the Inca culture called it, refers to dehydrated meat covered with salt and exposed to the sun. Map of Uruguay - Uruguay Map Search Engine Map of Uruguay World Map Finder, Map of Uruguay. The best web resource for Map of Uruguay. World Map Finder - helping you find your way. Uruguay Uruguay is a country located in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to 3.46 million people, of which 1.7 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area.

It is bordered by Brazil to the north, by Argentina across the bank of both the Uruguay River to the west and the estuary of Río de la Plata to the southwest, and the South Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Its surface is 176.215 km² being by its territorial extension the second smallest country in South America, larger only than Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana.

Question: Fray Bentos is a seaport and capital of the Río Negro Department of which country of South America?
Answer: Uruguay