How Do Centuries Work How Do Centuries Work What is a century and how do you work out what century you are in? Asked on Ashley Kannan | Middle School Teacher | (Level 3) Distinguished Educator Posted on July 3, 2009 at 7:37 AM A century is defined as a 100 year period. Currently, we are in the 21st century, meaning we are in the years beginning with 2000. It is a bit confusing in terms of understanding the relationship between years and century. Reflecting on it, thought, it makes sense. The years we are in is always one behind the century number. This is because it takes 100 years to mark a century. For example, the 19th century is considered the 1800s, because it is one behind the century number. The 16th century covers the 1500s. This same logic is why we are in the 21st century.

like 2 dislike 0 dbello | High School Teacher | (Level 1) Educator Posted on July 3, 2009 at 12:54 PM A century is any 100 year period, however the accepted calendar century of today was instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII. Known as the Gregorian calendar, his confirmation of 'Anno Domini' cites Jesus' life as the basis of our calendar time. Pope Gregory XIII 'bull' (document) defined our modern definition of a century from the birth of Jesus as year 1, however the years 1 to 100 were recognized as the time of Jesus, while the following years beginning with the year 101 were recognized as the years after Jesus. 'Anno Domini' translated is 'In the year of our Lord' (meaning after the Jesus' time on earth) this is why 2009 is the 21st century. Just an F.Y.I.- The influence of the Roman Empire was and still can be found everywhere. In this case the history of the word 'century' could be traced to the ancient Roman 'centurion'.

A Roman officer in charge of a 'century' originally made up of 100 men. like 1 dislike 0 July 3, 2009 at 1:01 PM We measure and record passage of time using different units of time such as hours, days, weeks, months and years. A day is the time taken by the Earth for one complete revolution around its axis. An year is the time taken by the earth for one complete rotation around the sun. This equal to 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. In the past, different countries have devised different calendars to measure and record time. Some of these calenders are still used by some people in a limited. But the most widely used calender, which is also the internationally accepted common calendar, is the Gregorian calendar devised in 1582. Some corrections were made in this calendar to take into account the improved measurement of period of days and year with advancement of science. In this calendar the counting of years is supposed to start from the year of birth of Jesus Christ. As per this calendar the current year going on is year 2009.

Century refers to blocks of hundred year periods starting from January 1 of year 1, and continuing up to December 31 of year 100. The second century started immediately in completion of first century and ended on December 31, 200. The twentieth century started on January 1, 1901, and ended on December 31, 2000. It will not be out of place to point out that many companies projected the day January 1, 2000 as the start of the twenty-first century, but that is not the real start of twenty-first century. These companies projected that as start of twenty-first century, perhaps in their hurry to to use this event as an occasion to make extra money by organizing events to celebrate it, and by linking marketing of their products to this occasions. How many years are in a century? | Reference.com How many years are in a century? A: Quick Answer There are 100 years in a century; when used to denote time periods, a century starts with year 1 and ends with year 100.

For example, the 21st century describes the period of time from 2001 to 2100. Full Answer The word century also refers to a group of 100 similar items. A century was a sub-unit of the Roman army that contained 100 soldiers. Races referred to as centuries contain 100 units (such as 100 yards). Century was first used in the year 1533. It comes from the Latin word "centuria" and is always used as a noun. A sentence that uses century is "It took less than a century to complete the structure." deforestation CONTACT US DEFORESTATION Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth's land surface; now they cover a mere 6% and experts estimate that the last remaining rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. Deforestation accounts for about 20% of global emissions of CO2 December 2015: Three trillion trees on planet Earth – what it means. link Full article below in first section. Google has developed an interactive map to show forest change around the planet. link ______________________________________________________________ Latest news: Nov.

24 2016: Protected forests in Europe felled to meet EU renewable targets. Protected forests are being indiscriminately felled across Europe to meet the EU’s renewable energy targets, according to an investigation by the conservation group Birdlife. Up to 65% of Europe’s renewable output currently comes from bioenergy, involving fuels such as wood pellets and chips, rather than wind and solar power. Bioenergy fuel is supposed to be harvested from residue such as forest waste but, under current legislation, European bioenergy plants do not have to produce evidence that their wood products have been sustainably sourced. In Slovakia, the drive to reach the EU’s renewable energy targets has seen a 72% increase in the use of wood for bioenergy since 2007, according to Birdlife . link link The scale of deforestation - link Dec. 7 2015: Three trillion trees on planet Earth – what it means. A Yale University science team came to an estimate for the number of trees on Planet Earth - 3,041,000,000,000 - saying it is interesting to know the number of trees in the world but asking why is it useful?

It is our duty as scientists to help environmental stewards and decision-makers by filling critical gaps in our knowledge. In the face of climate change - one of the most significant global threats to life as we know it – we are faced with one clear challenge: we must remove carbon from the atmosphere. Despite all of our best technological advances, it is nature that provides us with our single most effective weapons in this fight against rising CO2 concentrations. Trees absorb carbon directly from the atmosphere to be stored in their biomass and the soil. The United Nations Environment Programme ( Unep ) and Plant for the Planet designed the ambitious "Billion Tree Campaign". The problem was that no-one had any idea how many trees there were to start with. Without a baseline understanding of the Earth's forests, it was difficult to comprehend the impacts of these restoration efforts. By using strict criteria for the information that we include (e.g. using only trees with trunks equal to or larger than 10 cm diameter), and incorporating a huge amount of data into our predictive equations, the margin of error around this global estimate was exceptionally small (192 billion trees).

By combining satellite technology with ground-sourced information collected by local forestry experts around the world, the most detailed map of the world's forests to date was generated. It revealed that the Earth's forests are home to approximately 3.041 trillion trees. Therefore one billion additional trees would only represent an increase of 0.03% on top of the current global number. In addition, the study revealed that we lose approximately 10 billion trees each year, so even if the billion tree campaign was repeated annually, it would not get us much closer to the goal of halting the net global forest loss. With new information, UNEP and Plant for the Planet’s new target is to restore one trillion trees, and work has begun in earnest - the total number of trees planted to date already exceeds 14 billion. link October 2015: Indonesia has the world's highest rate of deforestation, even higher than Brazil, which contains most of the Amazon rainforest. From 2000 to 2012, according to research published in Nature , Indonesia lost more than 23,000 square miles of forest to logging, agriculture, and other uses. That's roughly the size of West Virginia.

In 2010, the government attempted to slow the rate by exchanging a two-year moratorium on new logging permits with aid from Norway and the United States. But that policy appears to have had the "perverse impact of accelerating [deforestation], because those with permits felt that they had to take action quickly or they would no longer be able to." This all adds up to global-scale pollution: Indonesia is the world's fifth ranking greenhouse gas emitter - link We are now losing a tropical forest the size of New York State every year, and the carbon that releases into the atmosphere now accounts for roughly 17% of all global emissions contributing to climate change. This is more carbon dioxide, or CO2, than all cars, trucks, planes, trains and ships collectively emit into the atmosphere link September 2015: There are just over three trillion trees on Earth. According to a new assessment, the figure is eight times as big as the previous best estimate, which counted perhaps 400 billion at most: the new total represents upwards of 420 trees for every person on the planet.

The more refined number will now form a baseline for a wide range of research applications - everything from studies that consider animal and plant habitats for biodiversity reasons, to new models of the climate, because it is trees of course that play an important role in removing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. What is abundantly clear from the study is the influence humans now have on the number of trees on Earth. The team estimates we are removing about 15 billion a year, with perhaps only five billion being planted back. link December 2014: Recovering forests lead efforts against climate change. Over time, humans have cut down or damaged at least 75% of the world’s forests, and that destruction has accounted for much of the excess carbon that is warming the planet. Over just a few decades in the mid-20th century, Costa Rica chopped down a majority of its ancient forests. But after a huge conservation push and a wave of forest regrowth, trees now blanket more than half of the country. Far to the south, the Amazon forest was once being quickly cleared to make way for farming, but Brazil has slowed the loss so much that it has done more than any other country to limit the emissions leading to global warming.

In the battle to limit the risks of climate change, it has been clear for decades that focusing on the world’s immense tropical forests, saving the ones that are left, and perhaps letting new ones grow, is the single most promising near-term strategy because of the large role that forests play in what is called the carbon cycle of the planet. link November 2013: 'Signature' achievement on forests at UN climate talks . A package of measures has been agreed at the COP19 Warsaw talks that will give "results-based" payments to developing nations that cut carbon by leaving trees standing. This represents a significant step forward towards curbing emissions from deforestation. Countries with forests will now have to provide information on safeguards for local communities or biodiversity before they can receive any money. link May 2013: Sumatra’s rainforest will mostly disappear within 20 years. Official figures show more than half of Indonesia’s of rainforest, the third-largest swath in the world, has been felled in a few years and permission has been granted to convert up to 70% of what remains into palm or acacia plantations.

The end is in sight for the great forests of Sumatra and Borneo and the animals and people who depend on them. In a frenzy of development they have been trashed in a single generation by global agribusiness and pulp and paper industries. link September 2012: Ten African countries come together to protect rainforests. Ten central African countries have come together to protect the Congo Basin rainforest, the world's second largest rainforest, from severe deforestation, through implementing improved national forest monitoring systems and boosting regional cooperation. The 18-month project, launched in July 2012, is managed by the Central Africa Forests Commission (COMIFAC) and the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in collaboration with Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE). link October 2010: Deforestation rates in tropical countries dropped significantly during the last decade relative to the 1990s. FAO figures show deforestation across 121 tropical countries averaged 9.34 million hectares per year, down from 11.33 million hectares during the previous decade. link February 2014: New on-line tool tracks tree loss.

Global Forest Watch has launched a new global monitoring system that promises "near real time" information on deforestation around the world. It uses information from hundreds of millions of satellite images as well as data from people on the ground. Businesses have welcomed the new database as it could help them prove that their products are sustainable. Despite greater awareness around of the world of the impacts of deforestation, the scale of forest loss since 2000 has been significant - Data from Google and the University of Maryland says the world lost 230 million hectares of trees between 2000 and 2012. link REDD - UN program to restore forests REDD origins. REDD began percolating way back in the early 1970s. A 2009 study calculated that deforestation is responsible for about 15% of global carbon emissions, down from earlier estimates of 20% or more. Most of the world's deforestation is concentrated in a few tropical nations, like Brazil and Indonesia where trees are disappearing fast.

Ahead of the Copenhagen conference, here's how it would work in detail: developing nations would accept some kind of limit on deforestation rates, and in exchange for preserving those forests, they would receive compensation from developed countries, which would then be able to use the carbon they're saving to meet their own carbon caps. It's as simple as that, a recognition that rich nations will have to provide developing countries an economic rationale to stop cutting down trees. link However some of the positive statistics (see: Global report cites progress in slowing forest losses ) offered by FAO are countered by the World Rainforest Movement May 2016: Studies show benefits of second-growth forests. According to a new study, woodland areas that regrow after forest fires, logging operations or other disturbances can sequester huge amounts of CO2 and they play an unexpectedly valuable role in mitigating climate change. The research is the first to quantify how much carbon these so-called second-growth forests can sequester - and it turns out it’s huge. link June 2014: Saving trees in tropics could cut CO2 emissions by 20%.

Reducing deforestation in the tropics would significantly cut the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere -- by as much as 20% - research shows. In the first study of its kind, scientists have calculated the amount of carbon absorbed by the world's tropical forests and the amounts of greenhouse gas emissions created by loss of trees, as a result of human activity. They found that tropical forests absorb almost two billion tonnes of carbon each year, equivalent to one-fifth of the world's carbon emissions, by storing it in their bark, leaves and soil. However, an equivalent amount is lost through logging, clearing of land for grazing, and growing biofuel crops such as palm oil, soya bean and sugar. Peat fires in forests add significantly to the greenhouse gas emissions. link August 2013: How much carbon is locked up in a tree? Estimating the amount of carbon stored in a forest comes from measuring a tree’s diameter at breast height. The biomass, or living matter, of a tree is about half carbon by weight, and based on tree measurements from around the world, researchers have devised an equation to measure carbon using trunk diameter.

A tree more or less average shape, height, and density for the tropics contains 3 metric tonnes of carbon locked up in its wood tissue. On average, trees in tropical forests hold about 50% more carbon per hectare than trees outside the tropics. link June 2011: Higher density means world forests are capturing more carbon, experts in Finland and the United States said of the study in the online journal PLoS One. The report, based on a survey of 68 nations, found that the amount of carbon stored in forests increased in Europe and North America from 2000-10 despite little change in forest area. And in Africa and South America, the total amount of carbon stored in forests fell at a slower rate than the loss of area, indicating that they had grown denser. Forests in Asia became less dense over the same period. The study did not try to estimate the overall trend, saying there was not yet enough data. Forests that were established in China a few decades ago are now starting to reach their fast-growing phase, a reason for rising density now.

link Boreal & Mangrove Forests The global boreal forest is a source of carbon which happens to be the world’s largest terrestrial storehouse of carbon and has been largely overlooked in international climate discussions to date. The boreal forest circles the northern portion of our globe, carefully edging along the southern arctic through Russia, Scandinavia, Canada, and Alaska. A report out of Canada states that the boreal forest stores as much as 703 billion tons of carbon in its trees, peatlands, and soils - this amounts to nearly twice the storage capacity per unit area as tropical forests. The main difference with boreal forests is that a significant portion of its carbon is stored below vegetation level whereas tropical forests tend to store the majority of their carbon in the trees and plants themselves. Because boreal forests reside in much colder climates, much of the carbon stored in its vegetation never fully decomposes and is gradually pushed into thick layers of peat and permafrost to be stored for thousands of years. While rates of deforestation in boreal forests tend to be lower than tropical forests, this is no cause for indifference.

Around 30% of Canada’s Boreal Forest has been designated for logging, and this number becomes much higher when including mining and oil and gas leases. link April 2015: Wildfires are wiping out Canada and Russia’s boreal forests. Canada and Russia have lost an alarming number of trees in recent years, compromising the ecologically rich and carbon-sequestering boreal forests that are native to the regions, according to a new report by the World Resources Institute (WRI). Russia, the country home to the world’s largest area of tree cover, loses an average of 16,600 square miles of tree cover every year, an area larger than Switzerland. Boreal forests serve as major carbon sinks, so losing the forests is bad news for climate change. link March 2011: Boreal forests across the Northern hemisphere are undergoing rapid, transformative shifts as a result of a warming climate that, in some cases, is triggering feedback loops producing even more regional warming, according to several new studies. Scientists find that as the climate warms, vast tracks of boreal forest are undergoing a biome shift. link Mangrove Forests.

Mangrove forests are among the most productive and biologically important ecosystems of the world, including trees, palms and shrubs which grow at tropical and subtropical tidal zones across the equator. Now scientists can use the world's most definitive map of the Earth's mangrove forest to reveal that approximately 53,190 square miles (137, 760 km2) of mangroves exist, substantially less than previous estimate. New data shows that forest distribution is 12.3% smaller than earlier estimates. Increasingly human activity and frequent severe storms have taken their toll, resulting in a loss rate for mangrove forests higher than the loss of inland tropical forests and coral reefs . "The current estimate of mangrove forests of the world is less than half what it once was, and much of that is in a degraded condition," said Dr Chandra Giri from USGS G."It is believed that 35% of mangrove forests were lost from 1980 to 2000." link How rainforests provide cures for disease Rainforest plants, and to a lesser extent rainforest animals, are the source of compounds useful for medicinal purposes.

The rainforest has been called the ultimate chemical laboratory with each rainforest species experimenting with various chemical defenses to ensure survival in the harsh world of natural selection. Rainforest plants have already provided tangible evidence of their potential with remedies for all sorts of medical problems, from childhood leukemia to toothaches. Seventy percent of the plants identified as having anti-cancer characteristics by the US National Cancer Institute are found only in the tropical rainforest. Fewer than 5% of tropical forest plant species (and 0.1% of animal species) have been examined for their chemical compounds and medicinal value. link The Amazon rainforest is home to a diversity of medicinal plants - some examples . Why the Amazon rainforest is important The Amazon River Basin is home to the largest rainforest on Earth. The basin - roughly the size of the forty-eight contiguous United States - covers some 40% of the South American continent. ( The Congo is home to the world's second largest rainforest - 18% of the planet's remaining tropical rainforest.) The Amazon Rainforest covers over a billion acres, encompassing areas in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and the Eastern Andean region of Ecuador and Peru.

If Amazonia were a country, it would be the ninth largest in the world. One of the worst droughts on record in the Amazon (2005) was caused by high temperatures in the Atlantic rather than el Nino. The research, published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, suggests that human-driven warming is already affecting the climate of Earth's largest rainforest. As rivers dried up, thousands of square kilometers of land burned for months on end, releasing more than 100 million metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere. link April 2015: About 1% of all the tree species in the Amazon account for 50% of carbon stored. Although the region is home to an estimated 16,000 tree species, researchers found that just 182 species dominated the carbon storage process. The tropical forest covers an estimated 5.3 million sq. km and holds 17% of the global terrestrial vegetation carbon stock. Amazonia is vital to the Earth's carbon cycle, storing more of the element than any other terrestrial ecosystem. As trees grow larger, they develop more biomass, which contains carbon. So the larger the tree, the greater quantity of carbon locked within its wood.

As trees are long-lived organisms, this means the carbon is removed from the atmosphere for decades, if not centuries. link March 2015: Deforestation again on rise in Amazon. After increasing slightly in 2013, the pace of deforestation has more than doubled in the past six months. Between 2005 and 2010, Brazil’s greenhouse gas emissions had plunged by 39%, declining faster than in any other country. Brazil accomplished this by slashing its deforestation rate by more than three-quarters, mostly in the Amazon basin. (Burning forests to clear them is the second biggest source of greenhouse gases after the combustion of fossil fuels, accounting for 30% of the CO2 produced by human activities, according to one U.N. study.) link November 2013: Amazon deforestation reversal. Brazil says the rate of deforestation in the Amazon increased by 28% between August 2012 and July 2013, after years of decline. link Deforestation in the Amazon Global agricultural expansion cut a wide swath through tropical forests during the 1980s and 1990s.

More than half a million square miles of new farmland was created in the developing world between 19080 and 2000, of which over 80% was carved out of tropical forests. "Every million acres of forest that is cut releases the same amount of carbon into the atmosphere as 40 million cars do in a year," Stanford researcher Holly Gibbs link December 2012: Deforestation in the Amazon update: Deforestation in the Amazon destroyed an area almost as big as the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2010, environmental watchdog agencies said Tuesday. The study prepared by the Amazon Information Network was released in Bolivia. It showed that close to 93,000 square miles of Amazon rainforest were devastated in the 10-year period. The main culprits are illegal logging, the construction of highways, mining, farming and ranching, the construction of hydroelectric dams and oil and gas drilling and exploration. 63% of the rainforest's 2.4 million square miles are in Brazil, and 80.4% of the 2000-2010 deforestation occurred in that country, the study said.

Peru was responsible for 6.2% of the deforestation, and Colombia came in third with 5%. The institute added that the latest figures show Brazil is close to its 2020 target of reducing deforestation by 80% from 1990 levels. About 20% of Brazil's Amazon rainforest has been destroyed. But beginning in 2008, the government stepped up enforcement, using satellite images to track the destruction and send environmental police into areas where illegal deforestation was happening at its quickest pace. link April 2010: Soy farming driving deforestation. Industrial soy expansion in the Brazilian Amazon has contributed to deforestation by pushing cattle ranchers further into rainforest zones. Research supports claims that soy is an important indirect driver of deforestation. Soy production exploded in the early 1990s following the development of a new variety suitable to the soils and climate of that region. link February 2011: Severe 2010 Amazon drought raises fears of warming.

The drought last year, which was worse than the 2005 drought termed a "one in a century" event, changes the region from a net absorber of carbon dioxide to a net emitter. In an average year, the basin absorbs about 1.5 billion tonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere. By contrast, the impact of the 2005 drought, spread over a number of years, was calculated as a release of 5 billion tonnes. link Elsewhere in the world December 2015: Africa reveals plan to reforest the continent. By 2030, African nations have vowed to restore 100 million hectares (around 386,000 square miles) of the forest. The “ AFR100 ” activity is an aspiring and phenomenal arrangement by more than twelve African nations to do what they can do in the event of a climate disaster. link April 2015: China’s “Great Green Wall” helps increase carbon storage on Earth. The total amount of carbon stored in all living biomass above the soil has increased globally by almost 4 billion tons since 2003, with China contributing in a notable way to the increase.

"The increase in vegetation primarily came from a lucky combination of environmental and economic factors and massive tree-planting projects in China," said Liu Yi, the study's lead author. Liu is a remote sensing scientist from the Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science at the University of New South Wales in Australia. Vegetation increased on the savannas in Australia, Africa and South America as a result of increasing rainfall, while in Russia and former Soviet republics we have seen the regrowth of forests on abandoned farmland. China was the only country to intentionally increase its vegetation with tree planting projects." [Pictured: Trees like these planted along the edge of the Gobi Desert make up much of China's Green Great Wall.] (Photo: Flickr) March 2010: Forest loss slows as China plants and Brazil preserves. Forests continue to be lost at "an alarming rate" in some countries, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Its Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 finds the loss of tree cover is most acute in Africa and South America. But Australia also suffered huge losses because of the recent drought. Globally all forests now cover about 31% of the Earth's land surface.

link May 2009 : Deforestation faster in Africa: Less than 2% of Africa's forests are under community control, compared to a third in Latin America and Asia, say the Rights and Resources Initiative. The deforestation rate in Africa is four times the world's average. link July 2009: Ghana, which has lost an estimated 80% of its rainforest in the past 50 years, has ambitious plans to grow 24 million trees to soak up carbon dioxide and restore the rainforest. The first million seedlings are being planted in a pilot scheme in an area that has been heavily logged in recent years. The trees are all tropical hardwoods, mostly indigenous, and it is believed this project could eventually become the largest of its kind. link Greenpeace: 30% of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere over the past 150 years is thought to come from deforestation, but this is a small amount compared to what is still stored in forests.

link Becoming A Hoosier | 21st Century Scholars 21st Century Scholars Home Becoming a Hoosier This section of the website provides resources and information for Twenty-first Century Scholars who are either high school or transfer students interested in attending the Bloomington campus of Indiana University. Applying to IU It's never too early to start thinking about your college journey. As a 21st Century Scholar interested in attending Indiana University Bloomington, the first thing you should do is familiarize yourself with the Indiana University Bloomington Office of Admissions website . This will be a great resource to learn more about IU, the admission standards, student support and tips on the application process. The sooner you understand what IU has to offer and what its admission standards and deadlines are, the sooner you can start positioning yourself to be a strong candidate. Itâs important to remember that you must meet the same admission standards and application deadlines as any other student applying to IU, but 21st Century Scholars do receive some benefits from the university to help them through the admission process. These benefits are listed below. Please refer to this page for IU deadlines and priority dates.

Submitting Your Application For 21st Century Scholars emerging out of high school, Indiana University waives the $60 application fee. However, the application fee is not waived for Scholars who are transferring from another college or university. High school students will have a chance to indicate that they are 21st Century Scholars when they complete the online admission application. As long as they do so, they will not be asked to pay the $60 application fee. If you come to a prompt asking you to pay the $60 application fee to have your application submitted, do not pay it! Instead contact the 21st Century Scholars Office so that we can help you resolve the issue. Accepting Admissions to Indiana University Admitted students will receive an email from the Admissions Office, congratulating them on their admission to IU and listing useful links with information on everything from financial aid to housing to New Student Orientation. This email is sent to the email address that you listed when you completed your admission application. In addition, a congratulatory letter is sent out via U.S. mail.

This letter has more specific information related to 21st Century Scholars, including links to information on the Twenty-first Century Scholarship Covenant, and lists the next steps you need to take to accept your admission to Indiana University To reserve their seat at the university, most students must complete an Intent to Enroll Form online and pay a $100 enrollment deposit. However, 21st Century Scholars are not required to pay the enrollment deposit and only need to complete the intent to enroll form online . 21st Scholars completing the intent to enroll form will have an opportunity to indicate their status as Scholars and they will not be asked to pay the $100 deposit. Applying for Housing Once you have been admitted to Indiana University and completed your Intent to Enroll Form, your next step is to complete your housing application. Unless they meet specific exemptions , all freshmen are required to live on campus during their first year. All the information you need to understand your housing options and the application process are available on the Residential Programs and Services (RPS) website . Please make sure you have a good understanding of your housing options and the cost associated with each before you apply for housing.

Also, take some time to understand how the different costs associated with housing and meal plan choices work with your financial aid, and the 21st Century Scholarship Covenant (if you are eligible to receive it.) The housing application can only be completed online. The Office of Admissions shares the list of 21st Century Scholars with RPS so that they can identify you in their system. If you are a 21st Century Scholar completing your senior year of high school, you will not be asked to pay the $300 housing application fee. Instead, you will be given the option to have $200 deferred to your fall Bursarâs account. If you are asked to pay the fee before your application has been submitted, it means RPS does not have you in their system as a 21st Century Scholar. Should this occur, do not pay the application fee. Instead, contact the 21st Century Scholars Office , who will verify your status in the program and work with RPS to have you entered in their system as a Twenty-first Century Scholar. New Student Orientation After you have submitted your housing application, your next step is to sign up for New Student Orientation .

New Student Orientation is your first step in getting off to a good start at Indiana University and is required for all new students, with separate programs for transfer students and first-time freshman. New Student Orientation is run through the Office of First Year Experience Programs (FYE), and in February the FYE Guide is mailed out to all students who have completed an intent to Enroll Form. In March, students are sent the FYE New Student Orientation invitation. This is a hard copy publication with a call to action for students to visit the FYE website and actually make their reservation for New Student Orientation. Please note: the orientation fees are not waived for 21st Century Scholars, but the fees can be charged to your fall Bursars bill account. Activating Your Scholarship In order to activate their Twenty-first Century Scholarship, Scholars who are in their senior year of high school must complete an affirmation form, which affirms that they have honored their pledge. The affirmation form must be received by the state office by March 10 of your senior year in high school, or you will lose your Scholarship. There are now two ways to complete the affirmation form.

Scholars may complete a paper form and sign it along with a parent or legal guardian and mail it to the state 21st Scholars Office. They may also complete the affirmation form online. Paper applications are available through your Regional 21st Century Scholar Office . Scholars wishing to complete the affirmation form online can do so by following the directions below. Scholars should identify the college they plan to attend on both the FAFSA Form and eStudent system. Link to eStudent . Submitting an Online Affirmation Form Please click here for more information on submitting your 21st Century Scholar Affirmation Form by March 10 of your senior year of high school. In addition, to activate the 21st Century Scholarship, Scholars and their parents or legal guardians must complete and submit a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FASFA) by March 10 of their senior year in high school and make any corrections/updates to the FASFA by May 15 in order to get any state financial aid, including the 21st Century Scholarship. Your Regional 21st Century Scholars Office can guide you through completing your affirmation and submitting your FASFA.

Please note, even if you do not intend to use your 21st Century Scholarship immediately after graduating high school, you must complete your affirmation and file your FASFA by Mach 10 of your senior year in high school, or you will lose your Scholarship forever. The 21st Century Scholarship Covenant If you meet all of the requirements to receive your 21st Century Scholarship, the state of Indiana will cover the costs of tuition and the following mandatory fees: activity, student health, technology and transportation for up to 4 years. However, tuition makes up less than half of the costs to attend college. Other expenses such as books and room & board are not covered by the 21st Century Scholarship. To help 21st Century Scholars meet these additional expenses, Indiana University Bloomington launched the 21st Century Scholarship Covenant Program in 2007. The 21st Century Scholarship Covenant at IUB will supplement the 21st Century Scholarship to assist with budgeted direct costs (room, board, books) up to the remaining direct costs financial need as defined by the state grant to cover the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) .

To be eligible for the 21st Century Scholarship Covenant, Scholars must be admitted and begin enrollment as first-time freshmen at IU Bloomington for the fall semester immediately following their senior year of high school, and must receive the 21st Century Scholars award during their freshman year. There is no separate application to apply for the 21st Century Scholarship Covenant. Scholars who follow all steps meet the eligibility requirements for the Covenant are automatically considered for the award. Transfer students and students who do not maintain continuous enrollment at IU Bloomington are not eligible to receive the Covenant award. The amount of the Covenant award can vary depending on the amount of other gift aid that a Scholar receives, and his or her estimated family contribution (EFC) as determined by the FASFA. The Office of Student Financial Assistance sends out award letters to freshmen in April and to returning students in June, which provides an estimated breakdown of all of the types of aid they are eligible to receive including the Covenant award. Using Covenant Funds for Books At the beginning of the fall and spring terms, your financial aid will be credited to your Bursar bill.

Once your Bursar balance is paid, any remaining financial aid funds will be refunded to you to use for purchasing books or other educational expenses. Please note: books cannot be charged to your Bursarâs account, so students who want to purchase books before they receive a refund check, may have to pay for books using their own funds. Students who sign up for Direct Deposit of Bursar Refunds (via Onestart) receive their refunds much faster. Becoming A Hoosier Century | Define Century at Dictionary.com century a period of 100 years. 2. one of the successive periods of 100 years reckoned forward or backward from a recognized chronological epoch, especially from the assumed date of the birth of Jesus. 3. any group or collection of 100: a century of limericks. (in the ancient Roman army) a company, consisting of approximately 100 men. 5. one of the voting divisions of the ancient Roman people, each division having one vote. 6. (initial capital letter) Printing. a style of type. 7. Slang. a hundred-dollar bill; 100 dollars. 8. Sports.

a race of 100 yards or meters, as in track or swimming, or of 100 miles, as in bicycle racing. 9. Cricket. a score of at least 100 runs made by one batsman in a single inning. Origin of century Latin 1525-1535 1525-35; < Latin centuria unit made up of 100 parts, especially company of soldiers, equivalent to cent(um) 100 + -uria, perhaps extracted from decuria decury Related forms Examples from the Web for century Expand Contemporary Examples Marxism may have developed in the middle of the 19th century but it has since evolved into the social democracies of Scandinavia. British Dictionary definitions for century Expand a period of 100 years 2. one of the successive periods of 100 years dated before or after an epoch or event, esp the birth of Christ 3. a score or grouping of 100: to score a century in cricket (mainly US) (as modifier): the basketball team passed the century mark in their last game 4.

(in ancient Rome) a unit of foot soldiers, originally 100 strong, later consisting of 60 to 80 men See also maniple 5. (in ancient Rome) a division of the people for purposes of voting 6. (often capital) a style of type Word Origin C16: from Latin centuria, from centum hundred Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for century Expand n.

1530s, "one hundred (of anything)," from Latin centuria "group of one hundred" of things of one kind (including a measure of land and a division of the Roman army, one-sixteenth of a legion, headed by a centurion), from centum "hundred" (see hundred ) on analogy of decuria "a company of ten." Used in Middle English from late 14c. as a division of land, from Roman use. The Modern English meaning is attested from 1650s, short for century of years (1620s). The older, general sense is preserved in the meaning "score of 100 points" in cricket and some other sports. Related: Centurial. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Slang definitions & phrases for century Expand noun A hundred dollars: For two centuries a week I had me a bodyguard (1850s+) The Dictionary of American Slang, Fourth Edition by Barbara Ann Kipfer, PhD. and Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D. Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers.

Idioms and Phrases with century Expand Melting of Earth's Ice Cover Reaches New High | Worldwatch Institute Melting of Earth's Ice Cover Reaches New High Melting of Earth's Ice Cover Reaches New High FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE by Lisa Mastny The Earth's ice cover is melting in more places and at higher rates than at any time since record keeping began. Reports from around the world compiled by the Worldwatch Institute (see attached data table) show that global ice melting accelerated during the 1990s-which was also the warmest decade on record. Scientists suspect that the enhanced melting is among the first observable signs of human-induced global warming, caused by the unprecedented release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases over the past century. Glaciers and other ice features are particularly sensitive to temperature shifts. The Earth's ice cover acts as a protective mirror, reflecting a large share of the sun's heat back into space and keeping the planet cool. Loss of the ice would not only affect the global climate, but would also raise sea levels and spark regional flooding, damaging property and endangering lives. Large-scale melting would also threaten key water supplies as well as alter the habitats of many of the world's plant and animal species.

Some of the most dramatic reports come from the polar regions, which are warming faster than the planet as a whole and have lost large amounts of ice in recent decades. The Arctic sea ice, covering an area roughly the size of the United States, shrunk by an estimated 6 percent between 1978 and 1996, losing an average of 34,300 square kilometers-an area larger than the Netherlands-each year. The Arctic sea ice has also thinned dramatically since the 1960s and 70s. Between this period and the mid-1990s, the average thickness dropped from 3.1 meters to 1.8 meters-a decline of nearly 40 percent in less than 30 years. The Arctic's Greenland Ice Sheet-the largest mass of land-based ice outside of Antarctica, with 8 percent of the world's ice-has thinned more than a meter per year on average since 1993 along parts of its southern and eastern edges. The massive Antarctic ice cover, which averages 2.3 kilometers in thickness and represents some 91 percent of Earth's ice, is also melting.

So far, most of the loss has occurred along the edges of the Antarctic Peninsula, on the ice shelves that form when the land-based ice sheets flow into the ocean and begin to float. Within the past decade, three ice shelves have fully disintegrated: the Wordie, the Larsen A, and the Prince Gustav. Two more, the Larsen B and the Wilkins, are in full retreat and are expected to break up soon, having lost more than one-seventh of their combined 21,000 square kilometers since late 1998-a loss the size of Rhode Island. Icebergs as big as Delaware have also broken off Antarctica in recent years, posing threats to open-water shipping. Antarctica's vast land ice is also melting, although there is disagreement over how quickly. One study estimates that the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), the smaller of the continent's two ice sheets, has retreated at an average rate of 122 meters a year for the past 7,500 years-and is in no imminent danger of collapse. But other studies suggest that the sheet may break more abruptly if melting accelerates.

They point to signs of past collapse, as well as to fast-moving ice streams within the sheet that could speed ice melt, as evidence of potential instability. Outside the poles, most ice melt has occurred in mountain and subpolar glaciers, which have responded much more rapidly to temperature changes. As a whole, the world's glaciers are now shrinking faster than they are growing, and losses in 1997-98 were "extreme," according to the World Glacier Monitoring Service. Scientists predict that up to a quarter of global mountain glacier mass could disappear by 2050, and up to one-half by 2100-leaving large patches only in Alaska, Patagonia, and the Himalayas. Within the next 35 years, the Himalayan glacial area alone is expected to shrink by one-fifth, to 100,000 square kilometers. The disappearance of Earth's ice cover would significantly alter the global climate-though the net effects remain unknown. Ice, particularly polar ice, reflects large amounts of solar energy back into space, and helps keep the planet cool.

When ice melts, however, this exposes land and water surfaces that retain heat-leading to even more melt and creating a feedback loop that accelerates the overall warming process. But excessive ice melt in the Arctic could also have a cooling effect in parts of Europe and the eastern United States, as the influx of fresh water into the North Atlantic may disrupt ocean circulation patterns that enable the warm Gulf Stream to flow north. As mountain glaciers shrink, large regions that rely on glacial runoff for water supply could experience severe shortages. The Quelccaya Ice Cap, the traditional water source for Lima, Peru, is now retreating by some 30 meters a year-up from only 3 meters a year before 1990-posing a threat to the city's 10 million residents. And in northern India, a region already facing severe water scarcity, an estimated 500 million people depend on the tributaries of the glacier-fed Indus and Ganges rivers for irrigation and drinking water. But as the Himalayas melt, these rivers are expected to initially swell and then fall to dangerously low levels, particularly in summer.

(In 1999, the Indus reached record high levels because of glacial melt.) Rapid glacial melting can also cause serious flood damage, particularly in heavily populated regions such as the Himalayas. In Nepal, a glacial lake burst in 1985, sending a 15-meter wall of water rushing 90 kilometers down the mountains, drowning people and destroying houses. A second lake near the country's Imja Glacier has now grown to 50 hectares, and is predicted to burst within the next five years, with similar consequences. Large-scale ice melt would also raise sea levels and flood coastal areas, currently home to about half the world's people. Over the past century, melting in ice caps and mountain glaciers has contributed on average about one-fifth of the estimated 10-25 centimeter (4-10 inch) global sea level rise-with the rest caused by thermal expansion of the ocean as the Earth warmed. But ice melt's share in sea level rise is increasing, and will accelerate if the larger ice sheets crumble.

Antarctica alone is home to 70 percent of the planet's fresh water, and collapse of the WAIS, an ice mass the size of Mexico, would raise sea levels by an estimated 6 meters-while melting of both Antarctic ice sheets would raise them nearly 70 meters. (Loss of the Arctic sea ice or of the floating Antarctic ice shelves would have no effect on sea level because these already displace water.) Wildlife is already suffering as a result of global ice melt-particularly at the poles, where marine mammals, seabirds, and other creatures depend on food found at the ice edge. In northern Canada, reports of hunger and weight loss among polar bears have been correlated with changes in the ice cover. And in Antarctica, loss of the sea ice, together with rising air temperatures and increased precipitation, is altering the habitats as well as feeding and breeding patterns of penguins and seals. TABLE 1: SELECTED EXAMPLES OF ICE MELT AROUND THE WORLD Antarctic Peninsula Calved a 200 km2 iceberg in early 1998.

Lost an additional 1,714 km2 during the 1998-1999 season, and 300 km2 so far during the 1999-2000 season. New Zealand Terminus has retreated 3 kilometers since 1971, and main front has retreated 1.5 kilometers since 1982. Has thinned by up to 200 meters on average since the 1971-82 period. Icebergs began to break off in 1991, accelerating the collapse. Meren, Carstenz, and Northwall Firn Glaciers Irian Jaya, Indonesia Rate of retreat increased to 45 meters a year in 1995, up from only 30 meters a year in 1936. Glacial area shrank by some 84 percent between 1936 and 1995. Meren Glacier is now close to disappearing altogether.

Dokriani Bamak Glacier Himalayas, India Retreated by 20 meters in 1998, compared with an average retreat of 16.5 meters over the previous 5 years. Arctic Sea Ice Arctic Ocean Has shrunk by 6 percent since 1978, with a 14 percent loss of thicker, year-round ice. Has thinned by 40 percent in less than 30 years. Greenland Ice Sheet Greenland Has thinned by more than a meter a year on its southern and eastern edges since 1993. Columbia Glacier Alaska, United States Has retreated nearly 13 kilometers since 1982. In 1999, retreat rate increased from 25 meters a day to 35 meters per day. Portage Glacier Alaska Retreated more than 3 kilometers between 1990 and 1996, compared with only half a kilometer during the 19th century. Between 1900 and 1996, rate of retreat increased 10-fold. All 15 glaciers in the vicinity are now retreating.

Wolverine Glacier Thinned by an unprecedented 7 meters between 1989 and 1995. Gulkana Glacier Thinned by nearly 5 meters between 1989 and 1995. Bering Glacier Alaska Frontal region has lost 130 km2 in area since 1900. Has thinned by up to 180 meters in the past 50 years, with thickness losses of 20 to 25 percent in areas. Antarctic Sea Ice Southern Ocean Ice to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula decreased by some 20 percent between 1973 and 1993, and continues to decline. Pine Island Glacier West Antarctica Grounding line (where glacier hits ocean and floats) retreated 1.2 kilometers a year between 1992 and 1996. Ice thinned at a rate of 3.5 meters per year. Marr Ice Piedmont Glacier Ice cover has retreated some 9 meters annually since the 1960s. Antarctic Ice Shelves Century - definition of century by The Free Dictionary Century - definition of century by The Free Dictionary n. pl.

cen·tu·ries 1. a. A period of 100 years. b. Each of the successive periods of 100 years before or since the advent of the Christian era. 2. a. A unit of the Roman army originally consisting of 100 men. b. One of the 193 electoral divisions of the Roman people. 3. A group of 100 things. [Latin centuria, a group of a hundred, from centum, hundred; see dekm̥ in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] cen·tu′ri·al adj. cen′tu·ry·long′ adj. century n, pl -ries 1. a period of 100 years 2. one of the successive periods of 100 years dated before or after an epoch or event, esp the birth of Christ 3. a. a score or grouping of 100: to score a century in cricket. b. chiefly US (as modifier): the basketball team passed the century mark in their last game. 4.

(Military) (in ancient Rome) a unit of foot soldiers, originally 100 strong, later consisting of 60 to 80 men. See also maniple 5. (Historical Terms) (in ancient Rome) a unit of foot soldiers, originally 100 strong, later consisting of 60 to 80 men. See also maniple 6. (Historical Terms) (in ancient Rome) a division of the people for purposes of voting 7. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) (often capital) a style of type [C16: from Latin centuria, from centum hundred] cen•tu•ry [ˈsɛntjʊrɪ] n → secolo ; (in cricket) → cento punti in the twentieth century → nel ventesimo secolo century (ˈsentʃəri) noun – plural ˈcenturies – 1. a (period of a) hundred years. the 19th century; for more than a century.

eeu مِئَةُ سَنَه век século století das Jahrhundert århundrede; hundredår αιώνας siglo sajand قرن vuosisata siècle מֵאָה शताब्दी stoljeće (év)század abad öld secolo 世紀 세기 amžius, šimtmetis gadsimts kurun eeuw århundre wiek , stulecie پېړۍ، سل كاله século secol столетие ; век storočie stoletje vek sekel ศตวรรษ yüzyıl , asır 世紀 століття سو سال ، صدی thế kỷ 世纪 2. in cricket, a hundred runs. He has just made his second century this year.

honderdtal مِئَةُ جَوْلَه крикет сто точки jogada de críquete stovka 100 Läufe hundrede point εκατό πόντοι (στο κρίκετ) centena sada jooksu تلاش صد امتیازی sata juoksua centaine 100 נְקוּדוֹת בְּקרִיקֵט सौ रन 100 bodova 100 futam nilai seratus hundrað stig cento punti 100点 100점 šimtinė simts skrējienu (kriketā) seratus larian century hundre poeng sto punktów د سلو امتيزو هڅه jogada de críquete (o) sută (de puncte) сто очков (v krikete) stovka sto (točk) 100 poena hundra poäng การวิ่งในคริกเก็ต yüz sayı 板球中

的一百分 сто очків کرکٹ میں سو دوڑیں یا رن tỷ số 100 lần chạy của một đối thủ cầm chày trong một lượt chơi 板球中的一百分 century

Question: A century covers how many years?
Answer: 100