Fanny Brawne (Author of The Letters of Fanny Brawne to Fanny Keats 1820-1824) edit data Frances (Fanny) Brawne Lindon is most known for her betrothal to nineteenth-century English Romantic poet John Keats, a fact largely unknown until 1878, when Keats's letters to her were published. Their engagement, lasting from December 1818 until Keats's death in February 1821, spanned some of the most poetically productive years of his life. 1000+ images about John Keats on Pinterest | Frank dicksee, Belle and John keats Forward The gravestone of poet John Keats, (1795-1821), stands in Rome's 'Non Catholic Cemetery' in Rome, Italy. John Keats, one of England's most famous poets died early in 1820 of tuberculosis aged 25, after travelling to Italy in search of a better climate to help cure him of the disease. Rome's Non-Catholic Cemetery contains one of the highest densities of famous and important graves anywhere in the world.

It is the final resting-place of the poets Percy Shelley and John Keats, as well as many… See More fanny brawne - 必应 Fanny Brawne 弗朗西斯(屁股)勃劳恩魂舞( 1800年8月9日–1865年12月4日)最出名的是她的婚约第十九英国浪漫主义诗人约翰·济，事实不清楚，直到1878，当济慈的信时，她出版了。 他们的订婚，从1818年12月到1821年2月，济慈去世，跨越一些最诗意的生产年的生命。 Frances (Fanny) Brawne Lindon (9 August 1800 – 4 December 1865) is most known for her betrothal to nineteenth-century English Romantic poet John Keats, a fact largely unknown until 1878, when Keats's letters to her were published. Their engagement, lasting from December 1818 until Keats's death in February 1821, spanned some of the most poetically productive years of his life.

Early life Frances (known as Fanny) Brawne was born 9 August 1800 to Samuel and Frances at the Brawnes’ farm near the hamlet of West End, close to Hampstead, England. She was the eldest of three surviving children; her brother Samuel was born July 1804, and her sister Margaret was born April 1809 (John and Jane, two other siblings, died in infancy). By 1810, her family was in Kentish Town, and on 11 April of that year her father died, at age thirty-five, of consumption. Subsequently, Mrs. Brawne moved the family to Hampstead Heath. It was in 1818 that the Brawnes went to Wentworth Place—“a block of two houses, white-stuccoed and semi-detached, built three years before by Charles Armitage Brown and Charles Wentworth Dilke”—for the summer, occupying Brown’s half of the property. Fanny was introduced to a society which was “varied and attractive; young officers from the Peninsular Wars, perhaps from Waterloo...

exotic French and Spanish émigrés ...from their lodgings round Oriel House in Church Row and the chapel in Holly Place.” After living at Wentworth Place for a brief time the Brawnes became friends with the Dilkes. Time with Keats, 1818–1821 See also: John Keats At eighteen, Fanny Brawne “was small, her eyes were blue and often enhanced by blue ribbons in her brown hair; her mouth expressed determination and a sense of humour and her smile was disarming. She was not conventionally beautiful: her nose was a little too aquiline, her face too pale and thin (some called it sallow). But she knew the value of elegance; velvet hats and muslin bonnets, crêpe hats with argus feathers, straw hats embellished with grapes and tartan ribbons: Fanny noticed them all as they came from Paris. She could answer, at a moment’s notice, any question on historical costume. ... Fanny enjoyed music. ... She was an eager politician, fiery in discussion; she was a voluminous reader. ... Indeed, books were her favourite topic of conversation”.

It was through the Dilkes that Fanny Brawne met John Keats in November 1818 at Wentworth Place, where Keats had been living for some time with Charles Brown in the companion house to the Dilkes'. Their initial meeting was cordial and expected—the Dilkes were fond of Keats and spoke of him to the Brawnes often. Fanny enjoyed his company, recalling that “his conversation was in the highest degree interesting and his spirits good, excepting at moments when anxiety regarding his brother’s health dejected them”; On 1 December 1818, Keats’ younger brother Tom died of tuberculosis, at age nineteen. Keats’s grief was deep, as “Some years before, Keats had written that his love for his brothers was “an affection ‘passing the Love of Women’” ... Fanny showed him the depth of her understanding. She gave him invigorating sympathy, keeping his mind from the past and from introspection; she encouraged his love of life by her obvious interest in him, and by her vivacity.

Remarkably soon his own gaiety returned.” In a letter begun 16 December 1818 to his brother George, in America, Keats mentions Fanny in two separate passages. The first: "Mrs. Brawn who took Brown's house for the summer still resides in Hampstead. She is a very nice woman and her daughter senior is I think beautiful, elegant, graceful, silly, fashionable and strange. We have a little tiff now and then—and she behaves a little better, or I must have sheered off" ; the second: "—Shall I give you Miss Brawn[e]?

She is about my height—with a fine style of countenance of the lengthen'd sort—she wants sentiment in every feature—she manages to make her hair look well—her nostrills are fine—though a little painful—he[r] mouth is bad and good—he[r] Profil is better than her full-face which indeed is not full [b]ut pale and thin without showing any bone—Her shape is very graceful and so are her movements—her Arms are good her hands badish—her feet tolerable—she is not seventeen—but she is ignorant—monstrous in her behaviour flying out in all directions, calling people such names—that I was forced lately to make use of the term Minx—this is I think no[t] from any innate vice but from a penchant she has for acting stylishly. I am however tired of such style and shall decline any more of it" It was not long before Keats fell completely in love with Fanny. “He had transfigured Fanny in his imagination, his passion creating in her the beauty which for him became the truth; and so she had come to be...

the fulfilment of Endymion, the very symbol of beauty, the reconciliation between real life and his poetic quest.” On 18 October 1819, Keats proposed to Fanny Brawne, who accepted. Though a significant event in their lives, they did their best to keep it secret. Fanny’s mother would not be so welcoming of the engagement: Keats had given up a career in medicine to pursue poetry, which, at this point in his life, did not seem to have great prospects. His family had been stricken with illness, and he was unable to sustain himself financially. Her mother did not outright forbid the marriage, but she withheld her legal consent until such time as there was financial stability to match the couple's emotional bond. Keats, by February, was at Wentworth Place, where Fanny visited him frequently and occasionally met his friends, one of whom was Joseph Severn. However, “as Keats could not dance and was too unwell to take her out himself, she went to parties with army officers. Through the Dilkes and her mother’s wide circle of friends she received many invitations,” which caused Keats significant anxiety.

This constant presence—which he did not dislike—distracted him from poetry; and although he had in May what is regarded as some of the most productive time of his poetic life, he left for the Isle of Wight in June. Over the next months Fanny and Keats carried on an emotional, anxious, and somewhat jealous correspondence; he wrote of love and death, and in between letters he wrote and revised poems. He returned to Wentworth Place in 1819, physically and emotionally unwell. In early February 1820, Keats went to London and “returned late, cold and feverish. He staggered so badly that Brown thought him drunk. As he got into bed he coughed slightly, and seeing a single drop of blood upon the sheet said to Brown, ‘I know the colour of that blood;—it is arterial blood ... that drop of blood is my death warrant.’ Later that night, a large lung haemorrhage followed that almost suffocated him.

All he could think of was Fanny.” Fanny seldom visited Keats in person over the next month for fear of his delicate health giving out, but occasionally would pass by his window after walks, and the two often wrote notes to each other. In May 1820 Keats decided to leave for Kentish Town; and, over the next months, the two continued an emotional correspondence. Doctors had urged him to relocate to Italy for recovery, as another English winter would most likely prove deadly. He returned, for the last time, to Wentworth Place on 10 August 1820. Even the imminence of his leaving for Italy (which was to happen in a month’s time) did not move Fanny’s mother to grant her consent to their marriage.

She did, however, promise that “when Keats returned he should marry Fanny and live with them.” On 11 September 1820, Fanny wrote Keats's farewell to his sister, also named Frances; and “with [Fanny’s] consent he destroyed the letters she had sent him.” Before leaving, they exchanged gifts: “perhaps at parting, he offered her his copy of The Cenci and the treasured facsimile of the folio Shakespeare in which he had written his comments and the sonnet on King Lear. He gave her an Etruscan lamp and his miniature, the perfect likeness which Severn had painted of him... Fanny gave him a new pocket-book, a paper-knife, and a lock of her hair, taking one of his own in exchange. She lined his travelling cap with silk, keeping some material in remembrance. She gave him, too, a final token, an oval white cornelian.” Stanley Plumly writes that this good-bye, on 13 September 1820, was “the most problematic...

the equivalent, in Keats’s mind, of leaving life and entering what he will now call, in earnest, his posthumous existence.” On 1 December 1820 Brown received a letter from Keats, which he read to the Brawnes, "skipping & adding, without the slightest suspicion on their part," telling Fanny that if Keats's spirit improved, Severn expected an early recovery”; this illusion was sustained, and all of the worst news was kept from Fanny. On 17 February John Taylor, one of Keats's social circle, received a letter from Severn detailing Keats’s suffering; “The doctor said that he should never have left England, for even then he had been incurable; the journey had shortened his life and increased his pain. ... Severn had tried to comfort him with thoughts of spring. It was the season Keats loved best, and he would not know it again. Bitterly he wept.

“He kept continually in his hand a polished, oval, white cornelian, the gift of his widowing love, and at times it seemed his only consolation, the only thing left him in this world clearly tangible.”” Fanny wrote to Frances Keats on 26 February, “All I do is to persuade myself, I shall never see him again.” “Late on Saturday, March 17, the news reached Wentworth Place. On Friday, February 23, a little before midnight, Keats had died in Severn's arms.” Bright Star (2009), the film written and directed by Jane Campion, focuses on Fanny Brawne's relationship with Keats. The years after, 1821–1865 Fanny Brawne cut her hair short, donned black clothing, and wore the ring Keats had given her. “A letter from Severn to Taylor reached Hampstead about April 16, and Fanny learned how the Italian health authorities had burned the furniture in Keats's room, scraped the walls and made new windows and doors and floor. She read of the post mortem and the funeral near the monument of Caius Cestius and how Dr.

Clark had made the men plant daisies on the grave, saying that Keats would have wished it. Unknown to her family, slowly and with great pain she copied the account of his last days; she did not seal it because his sister might want to read it but she could not read it again.” Fanny felt that the only person with whom she could fully share her grief was Frances Keats and the two carried on correspondence that lasted quite some time. In autumn 1821 Fanny visited the young Keats in Walthamstow, where she was in the care of the Abbeys and the two revelled in each other's company. Their constant communication allowed them to develop a close friendship. Eventually Fanny shared with “Keats’s sister a little of the literary companionship which she had once known with him.” Two years after the death of Keats, Fanny began learning Italian and translating short stories from the German, eventually publishing them in various magazines. Frances Keats, having come of age around this time, left the Abbeys and went to live with the Brawnes, where she was warmly welcomed. Fanny came out of mourning in 1827, six years after Keats’ death.

She rejoined society and donned brighter, gayer clothing again. This post-mourning period was to be short-lived; her younger brother Samuel, then twenty-three, had been showing signs of consumption. Samuel grew increasingly ill, and on 28 March 1828 he died. Fanny’s mother, who never fully recovered from Samuel’s death, made her will in October 1829. On 23 November 1829, Mrs. Brawne died, some days after her dress caught fire as she led a guest across their garden by candlelight. Around 1833, the Brawnes went to reside with family (the Bakers) in Boulogne. It was here that Fanny met Louis Lindon; and, on 15 June 1833, more than twelve years after Keats' death, they married. On 26 July 1834, Fanny’s first son, Edmund, was born; and on 22 May 1838 her second son Herbert was born. On 10 August 1844, her only daughter Margaret was born, in Heidelberg, where they had gone to live.

It was there, she met Thomas Medwin, who was a cousin and biographer of Percy Bysshe Shelley and the writer of a controversial recollection of Lord Byron. Fanny collaborated with him to correct the impression, provided by Mary Shelley in her Essays, Letters from Abroad, Translations and Fragments (1840), that Keats had gone insane in his final days. Lindon showed letters to Medwin that suggested otherwise, and Medwin used this new knowledge in his Life of Shelley (1847), where he published extracts from these letters by Keats himself and his friend Joseph Severn. In 1859, after many years abroad, the Lindons (as they had started calling themselves) returned to England. Financial troubles towards the end of her life led Fanny to sell her miniature of Keats to Charles Dilke.

In the autumn of 1865, Fanny told her children about her time with Keats and entrusted to them the relics from that romance, including the letters Keats had written to her, which she said would “someday be considered of value.” On 4 December 1865, Fanny Brawne died and was buried the next day in Brompton Cemetery. The publication of Keats’ love letters to Brawne Following the death (21 October 1872) of their father, Fanny's children Herbert and Margaret Lindon set about looking for potential buyers of their mother’s relics. After negotiations with the Dilke family and R. M. Milnes, Herbert decided to publish the letters in book form and auction them some time after. “In February 1878 appeared a slim, elegantly designed volume of under two hundred pages. Edited with an introduction by another of the day’s prominent literary men, H. B. Foran, it was entitled simply Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne.” This move proved shrewd as the publication of the letters caused much interest in England and America.

The letters were sold in March 1885 for £543 17s. The publication and subsequent auction of Keats’ letters led to more than just interest in the affair—Fanny Brawne was attacked as unfit to be the object of Keats’ affection. Sir Charles Dilke, in a review of the collection of letters in the Athenaeum, “calls the book “the greatest impeachment of a woman’s sense of womanly delicacy to be found in the history of literature.”” Louise Imogen Guiney remarked in 1890 that “Fanny “was vain and shallow, she was almost a child; the gods denied her the ‘seeing eye,’ and made her unaware.” Seventy years after the poet’s death, “most of us are soberly thankful that he escaped betimes from his own heart’s desire, and his worst impending peril, Mrs. Keats.”” Richard Le Gallienne wrote that “it is certainly a particularly ironical paradox that the lady irritatingly associated with (Keats’) name should be the least congruous of all the many commonplace women transfigured by the genius they could not understand, and the love of which they were not worthy....

Fame, that loves to humour its poets, has consented to glorify the names of many unimportant poor relations of genius, but there has never been a more significant name upon its lips than the name of Fanny Brawne.... One writes so, remembering... the tortures to which she subjected a noble spirit with her dancing-class coquetries.” The publication of Fanny Brawne’s letters to Fanny Keats In 1934, a collector of Keats donated his collection to the Keats Memorial House, Hampstead, on the condition that he should remain anonymous. Included in the donation were the letters that Fanny Brawne had written to Fanny Keats between September 1820 and June 1824. In 1937, Oxford University Press published ‘’Letters of Fanny Brawne to Fanny Keats’’; and Fred Edgcumbe, editor of the volume and curator of the Keats Memorial House, commented in his introduction that “Those who believed in Fanny Brawne’s devotion to Keats have the satisfaction of knowing that their faith has at last been justified.” It did not take long for this idea to take general hold.

“A leading critic, to then an archfoe of Fanny’s, almost gladly announced his capitulation. “I have seized the opportunity,” explained John Middleton Murry, “of considering anew the character of Fanny Brawne and the nature of her influence on Keats.” After reviewing what he’d written about her twenty-five years before, he says, “I have had the deep satisfaction of being able completely to recant the harsh judgment I then passed upon her."” This sentiment has remained strong, as “in 1993 appeared a book discussing Keats’ “Poetics, Letters, and Life.” It ends with a chapter on the notorious love-letters... Fanny is approved as a paragon among women, “unsentimental, clear-sighted, frank, inquisitive, animated, kind, and invigorating.

Her beauty resonated with the grace that comes of insight and deep abiding affection.”” According to Amy Leal, Jane Campion’s film about Keats’ and Brawne’s relationship “reflects the critical transformations in Brawne scholarship in recent years,” painting her as “the steadfast “Bright Star” of Keats’s sonnet, and it is Keats who is fickle, torn between his vocation and Fanny... she is La Belle Dame without the nightmare thralldom, witty and chic but also deeply kind and maternal, an aspect of her character that is often missed in readings of her.” John Evangelist Walsh presents a more moderate approach to Fanny. He remarks that the letters, rather than completely doing away with what had been implied in Keats’ letters to her, “briefly illuminate another side of the girl’s character, those quieter personal qualities which had helped attract Keats in the first place but which were not always uppermost.

Certainly the letters show her to have been, as Edgcumbe said, intelligent, observant, perceptive, though not unusually so, not to the “remarkable” extent perceived by their well-disposed editor.” The letter to Brown There is a letter Fanny wrote to Charles Brown in 1829, granting him permission to reproduce for biographical purposes some letters and poems of Keats concerning his relationship with her without using her name, which has caused scholars attempting to fit it into her life considerable difficulty—so much so, that the letter is virtually ignored in some major Keats biographies and written off as unimportant in others. Of this letter, there are two passages in particular on which critics tend to focus.

In the first, which is crossed out in the original manuscript, Fanny tells Brown: “I was more generous ten years ago, I should not now endure the odium of being connected with one who was working up his way against poverty and every sort of abuse.” The second, which is not crossed out, reads: “I should be glad if you could disprove I was a very poor judge of character ten years ago and probably overrated every good quality he had but surely they go too far on the other side.” Joanna Richardson writes of the first remark: “One sentence, removed from its context and published by Dilke’s grandson in 1875, was to rouse the indignation of half-informed critics for more than sixty years”; and that “it suggests the prolonged strain which she had felt during her engagement, and the emotional disturbance caused by her mother's recent death, but it is no evidence of a final change of heart.” Walsh interprets the second remark to say just the opposite of what Richardson had argued: “Fanny is saying that, looking back, she finds her former high opinion of Keats as a man is no longer warranted: she had “overrated” him.

As to why she changed her mind, there exists no direct hint (though it at least deserves recording that in the meantime she had become a fairly wealthy woman, inheriting from her brother who died in 1828, and from her mother). There are only her remarks about being “more generous” ten years before, and about not liking to recall how she once gave her heart to a little-known young poet struggling to find his way”. Fanny Brawne Bibliography Campion, Jane, ed. Bright Star: Love Letters and Poems of John Keats to Fanny Brawne. New York: Penguin Group, 2009. Print. Edgcumbe, Fred, ed. Letters of Fanny Brawne to Fanny Keats (1820–1824). New York: Oxford University Press, 1937. Print. Flament, Gale. Fanny Brawne reconsidered: A study of a fashion conscious woman of the middle class, 1800–1865. University of Akron, 2007 Fanny Brawne reconsidered.

Accessed 2010-06-07 Forman, Maurice Buxton, ed. The Letters of John Keats. 4th Edition. London: Oxford University Press, 1952. Print. Keats, John. Letter to George and Georgiana Keats. Dec.–Jan. 1818–1819. John Keats Collection, 1814–1891; MS Keats 1, Letters by John Keats. Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Web. 19 April 2010. – Keats' Letters. Leal, Amy. "Keats and His 'Bright Star.'" Chronicle of Higher Education 56.6 (2009): B14–B15. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 20 February 2010. Le Gallienne, Richard. Old Love Stories Retold. Plymouth: The Mayflower Press, 1924. Print. Motion, Andrew. Keats. London: Faber and Faber, 1997. Print. Plumly, Stanley. Posthumous Keats: A Personal Biography.

New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2008. Print. Richardson, Joanna. Fanny Brawne: A Biography. Norwich: Jarrold and Sons, 1952. Print. Walsh, John Evangelist. Darkling, I Listen: The Last Days and Death of John Keats. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. Print. To Fanny - Poems | Academy of American Poets Academy of American Poets The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy’s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization.

browse poems & poets sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox sign up Pirate Story by Robert Louis Stevenson Travel by Robert Louis Stevenson Loneliness by Trumbull Stickney Alphabet Poem by Edward Lear from the book read this poet's poems English Romantic poet John Keats was born on October 31, 1795, in London. The oldest of four children, he lost both his parents at a young age. His father, a livery-stable keeper, died when Keats was eight; his mother died of tuberculosis six years later. After his mother's death, Keats's maternal grandmother appointed two London merchants, Richard Abbey and John Rowland Sandell, as guardians. Abbey, a prosperous tea broker, assumed the bulk of this responsibility, while Sandell played only a minor role. When Keats was fifteen, Abbey withdrew him from the Clarke School, Enfield, to apprentice with an apothecary-surgeon and study medicine in a London hospital. In 1816 Keats became a licensed apothecary, but he never practiced his profession, deciding instead to write poetry.

Around this time, Keats met Leigh Hunt, an influential editor of the Examiner, who published his sonnets "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer" and "O Solitude." Hunt also introduced Keats to a circle of literary men, including the poets Percy Bysshe Shelley and William Wordsworth . The group's influence enabled Keats to see his first volume, Poems by John Keats, published in 1817. Shelley, who was fond of Keats, had advised him to develop a more substantial body of work before publishing it. Keats, who was not as fond of Shelley, did not follow his advice. Endymion, a four-thousand-line erotic/allegorical romance based on the Greek myth of the same name, appeared the following year. Two of the most influential critical magazines of the time, the Quarterly Review and Blackwood's Magazine, attacked the collection. Calling the romantic verse of Hunt's literary circle "the Cockney school of poetry," Blackwood's declared Endymion to be nonsense and recommended that Keats give up poetry. Shelley, who privately disliked Endymion but recognized Keats's genius, wrote a more favorable review, but it was never published.

Shelley also exaggerated the effect that the criticism had on Keats, attributing his declining health over the following years to a spirit broken by the negative reviews. Keats spent the summer of 1818 on a walking tour in Northern England and Scotland, returning home to care for his brother, Tom, who suffered from tuberculosis. While nursing his brother, Keats met and fell in love with a woman named Fanny Brawne. Writing some of his finest poetry between 1818 and 1819, Keats mainly worked on "Hyperion," a Miltonic blank-verse epic of the Greek creation myth. He stopped writing "Hyperion" upon the death of his brother, after completing only a small portion, but in late 1819 he returned to the piece and rewrote it as "The Fall of Hyperion" (unpublished until 1856). That same autumn Keats contracted tuberculosis, and by the following February he felt that death was already upon him, referring to the present as his "posthumous existence." In July 1820, he published his third and best volume of poetry, Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St.

Agnes, and Other Poems. The three title poems, dealing with mythical and legendary themes of ancient, medieval, and Renaissance times, are rich in imagery and phrasing. The volume also contains the unfinished "Hyperion," and three poems considered among the finest in the English language, "Ode on a Grecian Urn," "Ode on Melancholy," and "Ode to a Nightingale." The book received enthusiastic praise from Hunt, Shelley, Charles Lamb, and others, and in August, Frances Jeffrey, influential editor of the Edinburgh Review, wrote a review praising both the new book and Endymion. The fragment "Hyperion" was considered by Keats's contemporaries to be his greatest achievement, but by that time he had reached an advanced stage of his disease and was too ill to be encouraged. He continued a correspondence with Fanny Brawne and—when he could no longer bear to write to her directly—her mother, but his failing health and his literary ambitions prevented their getting married. Under his doctor's orders to seek a warm climate for the winter, Keats went to Rome with his friend, the painter Joseph Severn.

He died there on February 23, 1821, at the age of twenty-five, and was buried in the Protestant cemetery. Selected Bibliography The Poems of John Keats (1978) The Poems of John Keats (1970) The Poems of John Keats (1970) Collections: The Poetical Works of Coleridge, Shelley, and Keats (1831) Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St.

Agnes, and Other Poems (1820) Endymion: A Poetic Romance (1818) Poems (1817) Letters of John Keats: A New Selection (1970) The Letters of John Keats (1958) Life, Letters, and Literary Remains of John Keats (1848) Drama Otho The Great: A Dramatic Fragment (1819) King Stephen: A Dramatic Fragment (1819) Fanny Brawne Fanny Brawne Ambrotype of Fanny Brawne taken circa 1850 (photograph on glass) Frances (Fanny) Brawne Lindon (9 August 1800 – 4 December 1865) is best known for her betrothal to English Romantic poet John Keats , a fact largely unknown until 1878, when Keats’s letters to her were published. Their engagement, lasting from December 1818 until Keats’s death in February 1821, spanned some of the most poetically productive years of his life.

Contents Life Early life Frances (known as Fanny) Brawne was born 9 August 1800 to Samuel and Frances at the Brawnes’ farm near the hamlet of West End, close to Hampstead , England. [1] [2] She was the eldest of three surviving children; her brother Samuel was born July 1804, and her sister Margaret was born April 1809 (John and Jane, two other siblings, died in infancy). [3] By 1810, her family was in Kentish Town , and on 11 April of that year her father died, at age thirty-five, of consumption . [4] Subsequently, Mrs. Brawne moved the family to Hampstead Heath . [5] It was in 1818 that the Brawnes went to Wentworth Place —“a block of two houses, white-stuccoed and semi-detached, built three years before by Charles Armitage Brown and Charles Wentworth Dilke ” [6] —for the summer, occupying Brown’s half of the property.

Fanny was introduced to a society which was “varied and attractive; young officers from the Peninsular Wars , perhaps from Waterloo … exotic French and Spanish émigrés …from their lodgings round Oriel House in Church Row and the chapel in Holly Place.” [7] After living at Wentworth Place for a brief time the Brawnes became friends with the Dilkes. Time with Keats, 1818–1821 At eighteen, Fanny Brawne “was small, her eyes were blue and often enhanced by blue ribbons in her brown hair; her mouth expressed determination and a sense of humour and her smile was disarming. She was not conventionally beautiful: her nose was a little too aquiline, her face too pale and thin (some called it sallow). But she knew the value of elegance; velvet hats and muslin bonnets, crêpe hats with argus feathers, straw hats embellished with grapes and tartan ribbons: Fanny noticed them all as they came from Paris. She could answer, at a moment’s notice, any question on historical costume. … Fanny enjoyed music. … She was an eager politician, fiery in discussion; she was a voluminous reader.

… Indeed, books were her favourite topic of conversation”. [8] Wentworth Place (left), now the Keats House museum, Hampstead It was through the Dilkes that Fanny Brawne met John Keats in November 1818 at Wentworth Place, where Keats had been living for some time with Charles Brown in the companion house to the Dilkes’. [9] Their initial meeting was cordial and expected—the Dilkes were fond of Keats and spoke of him to the Brawnes often. [10] Fanny enjoyed his company, recalling that “his conversation was in the highest degree interesting and his spirits good, excepting at moments when anxiety regarding his brother’s health dejected them”; [11] On 1 December 1818, Keats’ younger brother Tom died of tuberculosis , at age nineteen. Keats’s grief was deep, as “Some years before, Keats had written that his love for his brothers was “an affection ‘passing the Love of Women’” … Fanny showed him the depth of her understanding.

She gave him invigorating sympathy, keeping his mind from the past and from introspection; she encouraged his love of life by her obvious interest in him, and by her vivacity. Remarkably soon his own gaiety returned.” [12] In a letter begun 16 December 1818 to his brother George, in America, Keats mentions Fanny in two separate passages. The first: “Mrs. Brawn who took Brown’s house for the summer still resides in Hampstead. She is a very nice woman and her daughter senior is I think beautiful, elegant, graceful, silly, fashionable and strange. We have a little tiff now and then—and she behaves a little better, or I must have sheered off” ; the second: “—Shall I give you Miss Brawn[e]?

She is about my height—with a fine style of countenance of the lengthen’d sort—she wants sentiment in every feature—she manages to make her hair look well—her nostrills are fine—though a little painful—he[r] mouth is bad and good—he[r] Profil is better than her full-face which indeed is not full [b]ut pale and thin without showing any bone—Her shape is very graceful and so are her movements—her Arms are good her hands badish—her feet tolerable—she is not seventeen—but she is ignorant—monstrous in her behaviour flying out in all directions, calling people such names—that I was forced lately to make use of the term Minx—this is I think no[t] from any innate vice but from a penchant she has for acting stylishly. I am however tired of such style and shall decline any more of it” [13] Portrait of John Keats by his friend Charles Brown , 1819 It was not long before Keats fell completely in love with Fanny.

“He had transfigured Fanny in his imagination, his passion creating in her the beauty which for him became the truth; and so she had come to be… the fulfilment of Endymion, the very symbol of beauty, the reconciliation between real life and his poetic quest.” [14] On 18 October 1819, Keats proposed to Fanny Brawne, who accepted. Though a significant event in their lives, they did their best to keep it secret. [15] Fanny’s mother would not be so welcoming of the engagement: Keats had given up a career in medicine to pursue poetry, which, at this point in his life, did not seem to have great prospects. His family had been stricken with illness, and he was unable to sustain himself financially. Her mother did not outright forbid the marriage, but she withheld her legal consent until such time as there was financial stability to match the couple’s emotional bond. Keats, by February, was at Wentworth Place, where Fanny visited him frequently and occasionally met his friends, one of whom was Joseph Severn.

[16] However, “as Keats could not dance and was too unwell to take her out himself, she went to parties with army officers. Through the Dilkes and her mother’s wide circle of friends she received many invitations,” [17] which caused Keats significant anxiety. This constant presence—which he did not dislike—distracted him from poetry; and although he had in May what is regarded as some of the most productive time of his poetic life, he left for the Isle of Wight in June. [18] Over the next months Fanny and Keats carried on an emotional, anxious, and somewhat jealous correspondence; he wrote of love and death, and in between letters he wrote and revised poems. He returned to Wentworth Place in 1819, physically and emotionally unwell. [19] In early February 1820, Keats went to London and “returned late, cold and feverish. He staggered so badly that Brown thought him drunk.

As he got into bed he coughed slightly, and seeing a single drop of blood upon the sheet said to Brown, ‘I know the colour of that blood;—it is arterial blood … that drop of blood is my death warrant.’ Later that night, a large lung haemorrhage followed that almost suffocated him. All he could think of was Fanny.” [20] Fanny seldom visited Keats in person over the next month for fear of his delicate health giving out, but occasionally would pass by his window after walks, and the two often wrote notes to each other. In May 1820 Keats decided to leave for Kentish Town; and, over the next months, the two continued an emotional correspondence. Doctors had urged him to relocate to Italy for recovery, as another English winter would most likely prove deadly. He returned, for the last time, to Wentworth Place on 10 August 1820. [21] Even the imminence of his leaving for Italy (which was to happen in a month’s time) did not move Fanny’s mother to grant her consent to their marriage.

She did, however, promise that “when Keats returned he should marry Fanny and live with them.” [22] On 11 September 1820, Fanny wrote Keats’s farewell to his sister, also named Frances; and “with [Fanny’s] consent he destroyed the letters she had sent him.” [23] Before leaving, they exchanged gifts: “perhaps at parting, he offered her his copy of The Cenci and the treasured facsimile of the folio Shakespeare in which he had written his comments and the sonnet on King Lear. He gave her an Etruscan lamp and his miniature, the perfect likeness which Severn had painted of him… Fanny gave him a new pocket-book, a paper-knife, and a lock of her hair, taking one of his own in exchange. She lined his travelling cap with silk, keeping some material in remembrance.

She gave him, too, a final token, an oval white cornelian .” [24] Stanley Plumly writes that this good-bye, on 13 September 1820, was “the most problematic… the equivalent, in Keats’s mind, of leaving life and entering what he will now call, in earnest, his posthumous existence.” [25] On 1 December 1820 Brown received a letter from Keats, which he read to the Brawnes, “skipping & adding, without the slightest suspicion on their part,” telling Fanny that if Keats’s spirit improved, Severn expected an early recovery”; [26] this illusion was sustained, and all of the worst news was kept from Fanny. [27] On 17 February John Taylor, one of Keats’s social circle, received a letter from Severn detailing Keats’s suffering; “The doctor said that he should never have left England, for even then he had been incurable; the journey had shortened his life and increased his pain. … Severn had tried to comfort him with thoughts of spring. It was the season Keats loved best, and he would not know it again.

Bitterly he wept. “He kept continually in his hand a polished, oval, white cornelian, the gift of his widowing love, and at times it seemed his only consolation, the only thing left him in this world clearly tangible.”” [28] Fanny wrote to Frances Keats on 26 February, “All I do is to persuade myself, I shall never see him again.” [29] “Late on Saturday, March 17, the news reached Wentworth Place. On Friday, February 23, a little before midnight, Keats had died in Severn’s arms.” [30] Bright Star (2009), the film written and directed by Jane Campion , focuses on Fanny Brawne’s relationship with Keats. The years after, 1821–1865 Watercolour of Fanny Brawne, 1833. Fanny Brawne cut her hair short, donned black clothing, and wore the ring Keats had given her.

[31] “A letter from Severn to Taylor reached Hampstead about April 16, and Fanny learned how the Italian health authorities had burned the furniture in Keats’s room, scraped the walls and made new windows and doors and floor. She read of the post mortem and the funeral near the monument of Caius Cestius and how Dr. Clark had made the men plant daisies on the grave, saying that Keats would have wished it. Unknown to her family, slowly and with great pain she copied the account of his last days; she did not seal it because his sister might want to read it but she could not read it again.” [32] Fanny felt that the only person with whom she could fully share her grief was Frances Keats [33] and the two carried on correspondence that lasted quite some time. In autumn 1821 Fanny visited the young Keats in Walthamstow , where she was in the care of the Abbeys [34] and the two revelled in each other’s company. Their constant communication allowed them to develop a close friendship.

Eventually Fanny shared with “Keats’s sister a little of the literary companionship which she had once known with him.” [35] Two years after the death of Keats, Fanny began learning Italian and translating short stories from the German, eventually publishing them in various magazines. [36] Frances Keats, having come of age around this time, left the Abbeys and went to live with the Brawnes, where she was warmly welcomed. [37] Fanny came out of mourning in 1827, six years after Keats’ death. [38] She rejoined society and donned brighter, gayer clothing again. This post-mourning period was to be short-lived; her younger brother Samuel, then twenty-three, had been showing signs of consumption. Samuel grew increasingly ill, and on 28 March 1828 he died. [39] Fanny’s mother, who never fully recovered from Samuel’s death, made her will in October 1829. On 23 November 1829, Mrs. Brawne died, some days after her dress caught fire as she led a guest across their garden by candlelight.

[40] Around 1833, the Brawnes went to reside with family (the Bakers) in Boulogne. [41] It was here that Fanny met Louis Lindon; and, on 15 June 1833, more than twelve years after Keats’ death, they married. [42] On 26 July 1834, Fanny’s first son, Edmund, was born; and on 22 May 1838 her second son Herbert was born. [43] On 10 August 1844, her only daughter Margaret was born, in Heidelberg, where they had gone to live. [44] It was there, she met Thomas Medwin , who was a cousin and biographer of Percy Bysshe Shelley and the writer of a controversial recollection of Lord Byron . Fanny collaborated with him to correct the impression, provided by Mary Shelley in her Essays, Letters from Abroad, Translations and Fragments (1840), that Keats had gone insane in his final days.

Lindon showed letters to Medwin that suggested otherwise, and Medwin used this new knowledge in his Life of Shelley (1847), where he published extracts from these letters by Keats himself and his friend Joseph Severn . [45] In 1859, after many years abroad, the Lindons (as they had started calling themselves) returned to England. [46] Financial troubles towards the end of her life led Fanny to sell her miniature of Keats to Charles Dilke. [47] In the autumn of 1865, Fanny told her children about her time with Keats and entrusted to them the relics from that romance, including the letters Keats had written to her, which she said would “someday be considered of value.” [48] On 4 December 1865, Fanny Brawne died and was buried the next day in Brompton Cemetery . [49] Posthumous controversy The publication of Keats’ love letters to Brawne Following the death (21 October 1872) of their father, Fanny’s children Herbert and Margaret Lindon set about looking for potential buyers of their mother’s relics.

[50] After negotiations with the Dilke family and R. M. Milnes , Herbert decided to publish the letters in book form and auction them some time after. [51] “In February 1878 appeared a slim, elegantly designed volume of under two hundred pages. Edited with an introduction by another of the day’s prominent literary men, H. B. Foran, it was entitled simply Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne.” [52] This move proved shrewd as the publication of the letters caused much interest in England and America. The letters were sold in March 1885 for £543 17s. [53] The publication and subsequent auction of Keats’ letters led to more than just interest in the affair—Fanny Brawne was attacked as unfit to be the object of Keats’ affection.

Sir Charles Dilke, in a review of the collection of letters in the Athenaeum , “calls the book “the greatest impeachment of a woman’s sense of womanly delicacy to be found in the history of literature.”” [54] Louise Imogen Guiney remarked in 1890 that “Fanny “was vain and shallow, she was almost a child; the gods denied her the ‘seeing eye,’ and made her unaware.” Seventy years after the poet’s death, “most of us are soberly thankful that he escaped betimes from his own heart’s desire, and his worst impending peril, Mrs. Keats.”” [55] Richard Le Gallienne wrote that “it is certainly a particularly ironical paradox that the lady irritatingly associated with (Keats’) name should be the least congruous of all the many commonplace women transfigured by the genius they could not understand, and the love of which they were not worthy…. Fame, that loves to humour its poets, has consented to glorify the names of many unimportant poor relations of genius, but there has never been a more significant name upon its lips than the name of Fanny Brawne….

One writes so, remembering… the tortures to which she subjected a noble spirit with her dancing-class coquetries.” [56] The publication of Fanny Brawne’s letters to Fanny Keats Silhouette of Fanny Brawne, aged 28, 1829. By Augustin Edouart . In 1934, a collector of Keats donated his collection to the Keats Memorial House , Hampstead, on the condition that he should remain anonymous. Included in the donation were the letters that Fanny Brawne had written to Frances (Fanny) Keats between September 1820 and June 1824. [57] In 1937, Oxford University Press published Letters of Fanny Brawne to Fanny Keats; and Fred Edgcumbe, editor of the volume and curator of the Keats Memorial House, commented in his introduction that “Those who believed in Fanny Brawne’s devotion to Keats have the satisfaction of knowing that their faith has at last been justified.” [58] It did not take long for this idea to take general hold.

“A leading critic, to then an archfoe of Fanny’s, almost gladly announced his capitulation. “I have seized the opportunity,” explained John Middleton Murry , “of considering anew the character of Fanny Brawne and the nature of her influence on Keats.” After reviewing what he’d written about her twenty-five years before, he says, “I have had the deep satisfaction of being able completely to recant the harsh judgment I then passed upon her.”” [59] This sentiment has remained strong, as “in 1993 appeared a book discussing Keats’ “Poetics, Letters, and Life.” It ends with a chapter on the notorious love-letters… Fanny is approved as a paragon among women, “unsentimental, clear-sighted, frank, inquisitive, animated, kind, and invigorating.

Her beauty resonated with the grace that comes of insight and deep abiding affection.”” [60] According to Amy Leal, Jane Campion’s film about Keats’ and Brawne’s relationship “reflects the critical transformations in Brawne scholarship in recent years,” painting her as “the steadfast “Bright Star” of Keats’s sonnet, and it is Keats who is fickle, torn between his vocation and Fanny… she is La Belle Dame without the nightmare thralldom, witty and chic but also deeply kind and maternal, an aspect of her character that is often missed in readings of her.” [61] John Evangelist Walsh presents a more moderate approach to Fanny. He remarks that the letters, rather than completely doing away with what had been implied in Keats’ letters to her, “briefly illuminate another side of the girl’s character, those quieter personal qualities which had helped attract Keats in the first place but which were not always uppermost.

Certainly the letters show her to have been, as Edgcumbe said, intelligent, observant, perceptive, though not unusually so, not to the “remarkable” extent perceived by their well-disposed editor.” [62] The letter to Brown There is a letter Fanny wrote to Charles Brown in 1829, granting him permission to reproduce for biographical purposes some letters and poems of Keats concerning his relationship with her without using her name, which has caused scholars attempting to fit it into her life considerable difficulty—so much so, that the letter is virtually ignored in some major Keats biographies [63] and written off as unimportant in others. [64] Of this letter, there are two passages in particular on which critics tend to focus.

In the first, which is crossed out in the original manuscript, Fanny tells Brown: “I was more generous ten years ago, I should not now endure the odium of being connected with one who was working up his way against poverty and every sort of abuse.” [65] The second, which is not crossed out, reads: “I should be glad if you could disprove I was a very poor judge of character ten years ago and probably overrated every good quality he had but surely they go too far on the other side.” [66] Joanna Richardson writes of the first remark: “One sentence, removed from its context and published by Dilke’s grandson in 1875, was to rouse the indignation of half-informed critics for more than sixty years”; [67] and that “it suggests the prolonged strain which she had felt during her engagement, and the emotional disturbance caused by her mother’s recent death, but it is no evidence of a final change of heart.” [68] Walsh interprets the second remark to say just the opposite of what Richardson had argued: “Fanny is saying that, looking back, she finds her former high opinion of Keats as a man is no longer warranted: she had

 “overrated” him.

As to why she changed her mind, there exists no direct hint (though it at least deserves recording that in the meantime she had become a fairly wealthy woman, inheriting from her brother who died in 1828, and from her mother). There are only her remarks about being “more generous” ten years before, and about not liking to recall how she once gave her heart to a little-known young poet struggling to find his way”. [69] See also ^ Gittings, Robert (1968) John Keats. London: Heinemann.p268 ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 1. ^ Motion, 1997, p. 323–324. ^ Motion, 1997, p. 323–324 ^ Motion, 1997, p. 324. ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 22–23 ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 23 ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 24–25. ^ Keats, John. Letter to George and Georgiana Keats. Dec.–Jan.

1818–1819. ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 26. ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 30–31. ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 31–32 ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 37–38 ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 50 ^ Walsh, 1999, p. 121–122. ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 83–84. ^ Walsh, 1999, p. 121. ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 126–127. ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 128–129. ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 133 ^ Captain Medwin: Friend of Byron and Shelley by Ernest J Lovell Jr. University of Texas 1962 ^ Richardson, 1952, p. 136. ^ Walsh, 1999, p. 136–138.

^ Richardson, 1952, p. 140. ^ Walsh, 1999, p. 155–156. ^ Walsh, 1999, p. 156. ^ Le Gallienne, 1924, p. 58–60. ^ Edgcumbe, 1937, p. xv–xvi. ^ Edgcumbe, 1937, p. xix. ^ Walsh, 1999, p. 147 Bibliography Campion, Jane, ed. Bright Star: Love Letters and Poems of John Keats to Fanny Brawne. New York: Penguin Group, 2009. Print. Edgcumbe, Fred, ed. Letters of Fanny Brawne to Fanny Keats (1820–1824). New York: Oxford University Press, 1937. Print. Flament, Gale. Fanny Brawne reconsidered: A study of a fashion conscious woman of the middle class, 1800–1865.

University of Akron , 2007 Fanny Brawne reconsidered . Accessed 2010-06-07 Forman, Maurice Buxton, ed. The Letters of John Keats. 4th Edition. London: Oxford University Press, 1952. Print. Keats, John. Letter to George and Georgiana Keats. Dec.–Jan. 1818–1819. John Keats Collection, 1814–1891; MS Keats 1, Letters by John Keats. Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Web. 19 April 2010. – Keats’ Letters . Leal, Amy. “Keats and His ‘Bright Star.’” Chronicle of Higher Education 56.6 (2009): B14–B15. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 20 February 2010. Le Gallienne, Richard. Old Love Stories Retold. Plymouth: The Mayflower Press, 1924. Print. Motion, Andrew. Keats. London: Faber and Faber, 1997.

Print. Plumly, Stanley. Posthumous Keats: A Personal Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2008. Print. Richardson, Joanna. Fanny Brawne: A Biography. Norwich: Jarrold and Sons, 1952. Print. Walsh, John Evangelist. Darkling, I Listen: The Last Days and Death of John Keats. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999. Print. External links 1000+ images about John Keats on Pinterest | John keats, Poet and Bright stars Forward John Keats’ Tombstone, Rome, Italy “Keats traveled to Rome and died there, aged just 25, in February, 1821. He told his friend Joseph Severn that he didn’t want his name to appear on his tombstone, but merely this line: HERE LIES ONE WHOSE NAME WAS WRIT IN WATER Severn honoured that wish, as the gravestone shows.

Keats is commemorated just as ‘A young English poet.’” See More John Keats | Poetry In Voice John Keats 1795-1821 Born in London, the English Romantic poet John Keats (1795-1821) was orphaned by the age of 14 and died from tuberculosis at 25. Keats counted Leigh Hunt , Byron , and Shelley among his close friends and supporters. Keats left behind a remarkable body of work, including many beautiful odes, sonnets, and the epic “ Hyperion .” The 2009 film Bright Star follows his doomed romance with Fanny Brawne. Né à Londres, le poète romantique anglais John Keats (1795 – 1821) est orphelin à l’âge de quatorze ans et meurt de la tuberculose à vingt-cinq ans. Keats considère Leigh Hunt , Byron et Shelley ses proches amis et partisans. Keats laisse derrière lui une œuvre remarquable, dont de magnifiques odes et sonnets ainsi que l’épique « Hyperion ».

Le film en 2009 Bright Star suit son histoire d’amour vouée à l’échec avec Fanny Brawne.

Question: Fanny Brawne was betrothed to which English romantic poet?
Answer: John Keats