Pancho Villa - Military Leader - Biography.com Military Leader Pancho Villa was a top military leader of the Mexican Revolution whose exploits were regularly filmed by a Hollywood company. IN THESE GROUPS Pancho Villa - Death and Legacy (TV-14; 2:01) In 1920, Villa reached an agreement with Mexican leader Adolfo de la Huerta pardoning him for his actions. Three years later, on July 20, 1923, Pancho Villa was assassinated. Synopsis Born on June 5, 1878, in San Juan del Rio, Durango, Mexico, Pancho Villa started off as a bandit who was later inspired by reformer Francisco Madero, helping him to win the Mexican Revolution. After a coup by Victoriano Huerta, Villa formed his own army to oppose the dictator, with more battles to follow as Mexican leadership remained in a state of flux. He was assassinated on July 20, 1923, in Parral, Mexico. Birth of a Bandit Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa was born Doroteo Arango on June 5, 1878, in San Juan del Rio, Durango.

Villa spent much of his youth helping out on his parents' farm. After his father's death when Villa was only 15 years old, he became head of the household. With his new role as protector of his houshold, he shot a man who was harassing one of his sisters in 1894. He fled, spending six years on the run in the mountains. While there, he joined a group of fugitives and became a bandit. Although the specifics of what occurred in Villa's life during this time are unknown, it's confirmed that he changed his name while on the run to avoid getting caught by the authorities. In the late 1890s, he worked as a miner in Chihuahua in addition to selling stolen cattle. But it wasn't long before he added more serious crimes to his record, robbing banks and taking from the wealthy. Mexican Revolutionary Leader In 1910, while still living as a fugitive, Pancho Villa joined Francisco's Madero successful uprising against Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz.

With Villa's skills as at reading, writing, fighting and his knowledge of the land, Madero was named a revolutionary leader and his company won the first Battle of Ciudad Juárez in 1911. The rebels eventually drove Díaz out of power, and Madero took the position of president, having named Villa a colonel. It wasn't smooth sailing under the authority of the new government, as Madero's position was challenged by another rebellion, this time led by Pascual Orozco—a revolutionary who worked with Madero and felt scorned by his position in under Madero's regime—in 1912. General Victoriano Huerta and Villa sought to protect Madero's newfound authority, but after Huerta accused Villa of stealing his horse, Villa's execution was ordered. Although Madero was able to grant Villa a reprieve shortly before his execution, he was still required to serve time in prison in June 1912. After escaping in December, it was revealed that Huerta was now against Madero's regime, and he assassinated Madero on February 22, 1913.

As Huerta rose to power, Villa teamed up with a former ally, Emiliano Zapata, and Venustiano Carranza to overthrow the new president. As an experienced revolutionary leader, Villa controlled much of northern Mexico military forces during the revolt. Known as Division del Norte, or "Division of the North," Villa led soldiers into battles by the droves, to the pleasure of onlookers the United States. Lights, Camera, Revolution The fact that the majority of Villa's battles were on the northern border of Mexico brought the revolutionary to the spotlight in terms of photographs and stories covering the events in Mexico. And surprisingly, the bandit who once hid his presence and changed his name to avoid attention loved being photographed. He even signed a contract with Hollywood's Mutual Film Company in 1913 to have several of his battles filmed. Civil Unrest and Death The U.S. supported Villa in more ways than simply behind a lens. After the numerous battles that occurred, Carranza rose to power in 1914. Disappointed with Carranza's skills as a leader, a rebellion broke out yet again, with Villa joining forces with Zapata and President Woodrow Wilson to bring down Carranza.

With Mexico's move towards democracy under Carranza, Woodrow withdrew his support of Villa the following year, leading to Villa kidnapping and killing 18 Americans in January 1916. Only months later, on March 9, 1916, Villa led several rebels in a raid of Columbus, New Mexico, where they ravaged the small town and killed 19 additional people. Wilson retaliated by sending General John Pershing to Mexico in order to capture Villa. Despite Carranza's support in searching for Villa, the two hunts that occurred in 1916 and 1919 for the Mexican rebel produced no results. In 1920, Carranza was assassinated and Adolfo De la Huerta became the president of Mexico. In an effort to restore peace to the unstable nation, De la Huerta negotiated with Villa for his withdrawal from the battlefield. Villa agreed and retired as a revolutionary in 1920. He was killed three years later on July 20, 1923, in Parral, Mexico. Videos Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us !

Citation Information Pancho Villa Timeline Home > Timelines > Pancho Villa Timeline Pancho Villa Timeline Timeline Description: Jose Doroteo Arango Arambula, known best by his nickmane Pancho Villa, was a bandit, a killer, a revolutionary leader, and a folk hero. He was the most prominent Mexican Revolutionary general and was known best for his civil exploits. Date June 5, 1878 Pancho Villa was born Pancho Villa was born to Micaela Arambula and Agustin Arango. He grew up as the son of sharecroppers, experiencing the difficulties of life as a peasant family. 1893 Villa's father passed away When he was only fifteen, Pancho Villa's father passed away and he took over the family business as a sharecropper. He worked to support his widowed mother and his four siblings. 1894 Pancho shot the hacienda owner Coming home from working in the field one day, Villa learned that the hacienda owner planned on raping his twelve year old sister. At the age of sixteen, Villa found a pistol, shot and killed the hacienda owner, and ran off to the mountains.

1896 Pancho Villa became the leader of a group of bandits Villa spent most of his time hiding from the law in the mountains from 1894 to 1910. He formed a group of bandits in 1896 and led them in robbing money shipments, committing offenses against the wealthy population, and taking their livestock. He was known as a modern day Robin Hood, stealing from the rich in order to provide for the poor. 1896 Francisco "Pancho" Villa began using his nickname With his heightened popularity as a leader of the bandits, Villa began going only by his nickname to evade the authorities. It is unknown why he chose that name. Some speculate that it was the last name of his fraternal grandfather. Others believe that it was the name of a bandit leader he looked up to. 1910 Pancho Villa became a revolutionary leader In October of 1910, Villa joined forces with Francisco Madero, who promised change for the lower classes. He agreed to lead Madero's revolutionary army. 1911 Pancho Villa resigns In May of 1911, Pancho Villa resigned from command as an exceptionally effective revolutionary leader.

His differences with another commander, Pascual Orozco, Jr., caused him to leave the army. May 29, 1911 Maria Luz Corral and Pancho Villa were married Pancho Villa tried to settle down and enjoy married life quietly. It was during this time that Madero became president of Mexico and political unrest led to Villa's support of Madero. He gathered troops and began working with General Victoriano Huerta, who then accused him of stealing his horse and ordered that Villa be executed. December 27, 1912 Pancho Villa escaped from prison Villa received a reprieve from Madero, but was forced to stay in prison from June to December 1912. At this same time, Huerta killed Madero and claimed the presidency. Villa fled from prison to ally himself with Carranza to battle Huerta. Villa was successful, winning numerous battles for the next several years. 1914 Villa and Carranza became enemies While Mexico was still wrapped up in a civil war, Pancho Villa and Venustiano Carranza turned against each other. The United States chose to support Carranza. Villa grew angry and killed 18 Americans in January.

March 9, 1916 The raid of Columbus, New Mexico Pancho Villa was angered by the U.S. support of Carranza and led rebels to raid Columbus. Nineteen more Americans were slaughtered and the small town was ravaged. May 20, 1916 The hunt for Villa began. After the raid on Columbus, several thousand soldiers were sent over the border in search of Pancho Villa. They searched for over a year, but never found him. May 20, 1920 Carranza was assassinated De la Huerta became the interim president of Mexico. He called for peace and negotiations with Villa. Pancho Villa was convinced to retire and was given a hacienda in Chihuahua as part of the deal. July 20, 1923 Pancho Villa was shot Villa had retired from his life as a killer, bandit, and revolutionary leader after receiving a hacienda from De la Huerta. After only three years of retirement, he was shot while sitting in his car and died.Pancho Villa endured many battles, survived his adversaries, and skirted numerous manhunts. He was viewed as a hero by some and a criminal by many others.

Returning home from a baptism that was held for the child of him and his mistress, Villa and his bodyguards heard a man yell, "Viva Villa!" Villa's car was shot over forty times and he was killed instantly. The killer was never found. <a href="">Pancho Villa Timeline</a> Pancho Villa - Biography - IMDb Pancho Villa Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trivia (4) | Personal Quotes (1) Overview (3) José Doroteo Arango Arámbula Mini Bio (1) Francisco "Pancho" Villa was born Doroteo Arango to rural peasant parents in San Juan del Rio, Mexico, on June 5, 1878. He later took several aliases, the most popular and well-known being "Pancho Villa". Raised in poverty in Durango, he turned to cattle rustling and robbery as a young man. The turning point in his life, however, was the day his sister was attacked and raped by Mexican army troops.

Villa wanted revenge against the whole world and soon turned from being simply a bandit leader into a full-fledged revolutionary with the aim of overthrowing Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz . To that end Villa became an ally of another revolutionary, the urbane and educated Francisco I. Madero , and although the two were about as opposite from one another as it was possible to be, Villa soon became a diehard supporter of the diminutive Madero, whom he affectionately called "the little man". Madero appointed Villa a colonel in the revolutionary army. On May 11, 1911, Villa led a daring raid against the federal stronghold of Juarez, soundly defeating the government forces and securing Madero's position as the new president. After Diaz was driven from power and Madero installed as president, Villa went home. His stay there was not to be very long, however. Two years later Madero was overthrown and executed by renegade Gen. Victoriano Huerta.

Enraged, Villa re-formed his army, now called the Army of the North, and became an important member of a coalition of anti-Huerta forces, among whom were such legendary Mexican figures as Emiliano Zapata and Venustiano Carranza . Villa's mounted troops, called "Villistas", were highly mobile and seasoned by years of fighting against the Diaz regime. They inflicted a decisive defeat on Huerta's army in northern Mexico at the Battle of Zacatecas on June 23, 1913, then began a campaign to drive Huerta's forces south to their stronghold of Mexico City. By December, in conjunction with the armies of Carranza and Zapata, Villa captured Mexico City, forcing Huerta to flee and placing control of the government in the hands of the three rebel leaders. However, the following spring Villa was forced out of the triumvirate when he lost a power struggle with Carranza. In the ensuing conflict his troops were badly defeated by Carranza's army and Villa was forced to withdraw to his headquarters in Durango. There he resumed his life as a bandit, raiding isolated American border towns and mining camps as well as Mexican villages.

On March 9, 1916, troops under Villa's command raided the town of Columbus, New Mexico, looted it, burned down much of it and caused the deaths of more than a dozen residents, although about 30 of their own men were killed by American soldiers and civilians defending the town (supposedly Villa was angered by the U.S. authorities allowing elements of Carranza's army, which was pursuing him, to cross through American territory as a shortcut in an attempt to get ahead of Villa and ambush him, and the raid was in retaliation for that). The U.S. government sent an expeditionary force into Mexico under Gen. John J. Pershing to capture Villa. However, Villa's maneuverability and superior knowledge of the terrain enabled him to elude the pursuing American troops, and Pershing's forces withdrew from the area the following year. In 1920 the Carranza government struck a deal with Villa in which he agreed to halt his raids in exchange for settling down on a ranch in Canutillo and being appointed a general in the Mexican army.

However, on June 20, 1923, Villa was ambushed and murdered in Parral by followers of Álvaro Obregón , a former army general, who feared that Villa would oppose their leader's candidacy for president in the upcoming elections. Immediately following his death the name of Pancho Villa was eliminated from all history books, children's books and all monuments in Mexico. It wasn't until 1975 (more than a half-century after his death) that both the Mexican and American governments felt safe enough to exhume his body, and when they did, they discovered that someone had stolen his head. After a large parade was held in his honor in Mexico, Pancho Villa's body was sent to the cemetery where many Mexican revolutionary heroes were buried, and he was finally given the proper burial he deserved.

- IMDb Mini Biography By: fredcdobbs5 (fredcdobbs5@yahoo.com) Spouse (3) José Doroteo Arango Arámbula-Pancho Villa José Doroteo Arango Arámbula-Pancho Villa Updated on October 31, 2011 "Hated By Thousands And Loved By Millions.” Pancho Villa was a Mexican revolutionary leader who advocated for the poor and wanted agrarian reform. Though he may have been a killer, a bandit, and a revolutionary leader, many remember him as a folk hero. In Memory Of All Who Fight Oppression José Doroteo Arango Arámbula Pancho Villa was born José Doroteo Arango Arámbula on June 5, 1878 – 20 July 1923), better known as Pancho Villa, was one of the first Mexican Revolution Generals. As commander of the Division of the North, he was the veritable authoritative military leader of the Northern Mexican state of Chihuahua which, given its size, mineral wealth, and proximity to the United States of America, gave him great popularity.

To give you an idea of the importance, Chihuahua is larger than the United Kingdom. Villa was also provisional Governor of Chihuahua in 1913 and 1914. It was some 20 years after his death before he was accepted into the "panteón" of national heroes. Today he is honored by many people around the world. Pancho Villa was the son of a sharecropper in San Juandel Rio, Durango. While growing up, Pancho Villa witnessed and experienced the harshness of peasant life. In Mexico During the late 19th century in Mexico, the rich were becoming richer. The rich were taking advantage of the lower classes, often treating them like slaves. Villa’s father died when Villa was 15, so Villa began to work as a sharecropper to help support his mother and four siblings. One day in 1894, Pancho came home from the fields to find that the owner of the hacienda intended to have sex with Villa's 12-year old sister. Villa was only 16-years old. He grabbed a pistol and shot the owner of the hacienda. He then fled for the refuge of the mountains.

In another accounting and assessment of Pancho Villa’s life it is written: During his lifetime, he was a ruthless killer. He killed his first man at age sixteen. He was a notorious bandit. He rustled cattle. He was a bank robber. He was bloodthirsty in nature. It seems that how Pancho Villa is perceived is in the eye of the beholder. While one article includes that Pancho “killed his first man at sixteen", it doesn’t give the explanation of “why”. The article describes Villa as being “bloodthirsty”. If the owner of the hacienda had tried that with my sister would I be described the same? Haciendas originated in land grants, mostly made to minor nobles, as the grandees (important nobles) of Spain were not motivated to leave, and the bourgeoisie (social class) had little access to royal dispensation. The hacienda system can be considered to have its origin in 1529, in Mexico, when the Spanish crown granted to Hernán Cortés the title of Marquis (nobles of hereditary rank) of the Valley of Oaxaca. This entailed a tract of land that included all of the present state of Morelos.

The grant included all the Indians living on the land and power of life and death over every soul in his domain. There were no courts of appeals governing a hacienda. The unusually large and profitable Jesuit hacienda Santa Lucia near Mexico City was established in 1576. It lasted to the time of its expulsion in 1767. It was reconstructed by Herman W. Konrad (1980) from archival sources. This reconstruction has revealed the nature of the hacienda system in Mexico. It gives great insight to the fate of serfs, its systems of land tenure, and the workings of its isolated, intradependent society. Villa spent a lot of his time in the mountains running from the law from 1894 to 1910. He did what he could to survive. By 1896, he had joined some other bandits and was their leader. Villa and his group of bandits would rustle cattle; steal shipments of money, and many crimes against the wealthy. Pancho Villa became the modern-day Robin Hood, stealing from the rich and often giving to the poor. During this time Doroteo Arango became Francisco "Pancho" Villa.

"Pancho" is a common nickname for "Francisco." Some say he chose the name of a bandit leader he met; others say it was his fraternal grandfather's last name. Pancho Villa His notoriety as a bandit and prowess at escaping capture caught the attention of revolutionaries. These men knew that Villa could be used as a guerrilla fighter during the revolution. The sitting president of Mexico, Porfirio Diaz, had created much of the current problems for the poor. Francisco Madero promised change for the lower classes. Villa joined Madero and agreed to be a leader in the revolutionary army. From October 1910 to May 1911, Pancho Villa was very effective, but in May 1911, Villa resigned from command because of differences with another commander, Pascual Orozco Jr. On May 29, 1911, Pancho Villa married Maria Luz Corral. They tried to settle down to a quiet life. Although Madero had become president, political unrest appeared again in Mexico. Villa robbed and commandeered trains. He, like the other revolutionary generals, printed fiat money to finance his cause.

Despite extensive research by Mexican and foreign scholars, many of the details of Villa's life are in dispute. Francisco Villa The president of Mexico from 1911 to 1913, Francisco Indalecio Madero González, was a revolutionary. When one of Madero's military commanders, Pascual Orozco, started a counterrebellion against Madero, Villa gathered his mounted cavalry troops and fought alongside General Victoriano Huerta to support Madero. However, Huerta betrayed Villa as he viewed Villa as an ambitious competitor. Huerta later accused Villa of stealing a horse and insubordination. He then had Villa sentenced to execution in an attempt to be rid of him. Villa was standing in front of a firing squad to be shot as a telegram from President Madero was received thus saving his life. His sentence was commuted to imprisonment. Villa later escaped. Villa improved his poor reading and writing skills with help from Gildardo Magaña Cerda, a Zapatista who was in prison at the time. This would serve him well in the future during his service as provisional governor of the state of Chihuahua. During the second part of the Mexican Revolution, President Francisco I.

Madero was betrayed and assassinated. After crushing the Orozco rebellion, with the federal army he commanded, Victoriano Huerta, held the majority of military power in Mexico. Huerta saw this opportunity to become dictator of Mexico, and began to conspire with other men such as Bernardo Reyes, Félix Díaz, and the American ambassador Henry Lane Wilson. This led to La decena trágica (the "Ten Tragic Days") and the assassination of President Madero. Huerta proclaimed himself provisional president after Madero's murder. Venustiano Carranza then proclaimed the Plan of Guadalupe to oust Huerta. The generals and politicians, including Pablo González, Álvaro Obregón, Emiliano Zapata and Villa, supported Carranza's plan. They were collectively styled the Ejército Constitucionalista de México (Constitutionalist Army of Mexico). Huerta had not obtained power through methods prescribed by Mexico's Constitution of 1857. Villa's hatred of Huerta became very personal and intense. Villa's political mentor, Abraham González was murdered on March 7, 1913. Huerta had ordered the murder.

González had worked with Madero and Villa since 1910. Pancho Villa recovered González's remains and gave his friend a proper funeral in Chihuahua. Wanted With a mere 8 men, 2 pounds of coffee, 2 pounds of sugar, and 500 rounds of rifle ammunition, Villa joined the rebellion against Huerta. US President Woodrow Wilson dismissed Ambassador Wilson, and began to support Carranza's cause. Villa's generalship, recruiting appeal, and fundraising methods were key factors in forcing Huerta from office a year later, on July 15, 1914. Villa recruited able soldiers and allies. He raised money by assessing haciendas from hostile owners. He robbed trains. He once held 122 bars of silver ingot from a train robbery and a Wells Fargo employee hostage. He forced Wells Fargo to help him sell the bars for cash. Villa won hard-fought battles at Ciudad Juárez, Tierra Blanca, Chihuahua and Ojinaga. He became provisional governor of the state of Chihuahua. Villa's war tactics were studied by the American Army. He had a contract with Hollywood.

Hollywood filmed Villa's movements. In support of the Revolution, fifty percent of the profit was paid to Villa. As governor of Chihuahua, Villa raised money by printing his own currency. This tactic financed a campaign to the south. He decreed that his paper money was to be traded and accepted equally with gold Mexican pesos. He then forced the wealthy to give forced loans that would allow him to supply food and clothes and pay salaries to his army. He took some of the land owned by the hacendados (owners of the haciendas) and gave it to the widows and family of dead revolutionaries. The forced loans also supported the war machinery of the Mexican Revolution. He targeted specific banks and confiscated gold. He once held a member of a bank's owning family hostage until the location of the bank's hidden gold was revealed. This was the extremely wealthy Terrazas clan.The bank was the Banco Minero. Banks in El Paso, Texas, accepted his Villa’s paper pesos at face value. Villa was so well thought of by the US military that he and Álvaro Obregón were invited to Fort Bliss to meet Brigadier General John J. Pershing.

The new money purchased food, arms, ammunition, draft animals, cavalry horses, and mobile hospital facilities. These were railroad cars and horse ambulances staffed with Mexican and foreign volunteer doctors, known as servicio sanitario. The money was also used to rebuild the railroad south of Chihuahua City. The rebuilt railroad transported Villa's troops and artillery south. He then defeated Federal forces at Gómez Palacio, Torreón, and Zacatecas. Pancho Villa, El Presidente Provisional Eulalio Gutiérrez,y Emiliano Zapata Mexican RevolutionPart II After Torreón, Carranza ordered Villa to break off action south of Torreón and diverted him to attack Saltillo. Carranza threatened to cut off Villa's coal supply if he did not comply. Villa needed the coal for locomotives to pull the trains transporting soldiers and supplies. This stunned Villa and he saw this as an attempt by Carranza to divert Villa from a direct assault on Mexico City. This would allow Carranza's forces under Álvaro Obregón to drive in from the west via Guadalajara, and take the capital first. Obregón and Carranza did enter Mexico City ahead of Villa.

This was expensive and disruptive for the División del Norte. At that time,Villa's enlisted men were paid the then enormous sum of a peso per day. Each day of delay cost thousands of pesos. Villa attacked Saltillo as ordered, and won that battle. Villa saw this as egoism. He was repulsed by it and tendered his resignation. Felipe Ángeles and Villa's officer staff pleaded with Villa to withdraw his resignation. They encouraged him to defy Carranza's orders, and proceed to attack Zacatecas, a strategic mountainous city. Zacatecas was considered nearly impregnable. Zacatecas was the source of a lot of Mexico's silver. It would be an incredible resource for whoever held it. A Victory in Zacatecas would insure that there would be a small chance for Huerta to hold the remainder of the country. Villa cancelled his resignation and took Ángeles's advice. In the Toma de Zacatecas (Taking of Zacatecas), the División del Norte defeated the Federals. This was the single bloodiest battle of the Revolution. Approximately 7,000 dead of the military forces and 5,000 wounded.

There were unknown numbers of civilian casualties. There is a memorial to and museum of the Toma de Zacatecas. It is on the Cerro de la Bufa. This is one of the key defense points in the battle of Zacatecas. Tourists use a teleférico (aerial tram) to reach it, because of the steep approaches. It is easy to see from the top how difficult it was for Villa's troops to dislodge Federal troops from the peak. The June 1914 loss of Zacatecas broke the back of the Huerta regime. Huerta left for exile on July 14, 1914. Pancho's Pesos Peace returned to Mexico. The revolutionary caudillos (strongmen) met and conducted a series of meetings in Aguascalientes. This National Convention set rules for Mexico's democracy. The armed revolutionaries were not allowed to be nominated for government positions. Eulalio Gutierrez was chosen as interim president,. Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa met at the convention. Zapata warned Villa that he feared Carranza's intentions were those of a dictator. Zapata was correct.

Carranza opposed the agreements of the National Convention and set off a civil war. Ft. Bliss 1913 Gen. Pershing After years of public and documented support of Villa's fight, the United States, following the diplomatic policies of Woodrow Wilson, who believed that supporting Carranza was the best way to expedite establishment of a stable Mexican government, refused to allow more arms to be supplied to Villa's army, and allowed Carranza's troops to be relocated over US railroads. Villa felt betrayed by the Americans. A Villista night attack on the border town of Agua Prieta, Sonora, on November 1, 1915 was repelled by Obregón's use of searchlights, powered by American electricity. Villa felt more betrayed. In January 1916, a group of Villistas attacked a train on the Mexico North Western Railway, near Santa Isabel, Chihuahua, and killed several American employees of the ASARCO company. Passengers included 18 Americans, including 15 who worked for American Smelting and Refining Company. There was only one survivor, who gave the details to the press.

Villa admitted to ordering the attack, but Villa denied that he had authorized the shedding of American blood. While the presence of American troops served to deter Villa on the north of the Rio Grande, the murder of U.S. citizens in Mexico continued. One of the most heinous atrocities occurred January 11, 1916, when Villa’s bandits stopped a train at Santa Ysabel. The bandits removed a group of 17 Texas business men (mining engineers) invited by the Mexican government to reopen the Cusihuiriachic mines below ChihuahuaCity and executed them in cold blood. However, one of those shot feigned death and rolled down the side of the embankment, crawled away into a patch of brown mesquite bushes, and escaped. The corpses were left at the mercy of the slayers, who stripped and mutilated them as the train moved on. The escapee arrived back at ChihuahuaCity, a special train sped to Santa Ysabel to reclaim the bodies. El Paso was immediately placed under martial law to prevent angry Texans from crossing into Mexico to wreak vengeance on innocent Mexicans. “Villas bandits stopped a train and…”. Villa denied giving the order.

Villa also denied that he participated. On 9 March 1916, General Villa ordered nearly 500 Mexican members of his revolutionary group to make a cross-border attack against Columbus, New Mexico. The raid was conducted because of the U.S. government's official recognition of the Carranza regime and for the loss of lives in battle due to defective bullets purchased from the United States. They attacked a detachment of the 13th Cavalry Regiment (United States), seizing 100 horses and mules, and setting part of the town on fire. 18 Americans and about 80 Villistas were killed. On 15 May, they attacked GlenSprings, Texas, killing a civilian and wounding three American soldiers; on 15 June, bandits killed four soldiers at San Ygnacio, Texas; on 31 July, one American soldier and a U.S. customs inspector were killed. The populace of Columbus was in a state of hysteria. The American cavalry troops collected the bodies of the “Villistas” that had been shot in the streets and on the outskirts of town and piled them on funeral pyres and cremated them.

For a day or more the fires smoldered and the odor of burning flesh permeated the air. Columbus lay virtually demolished, so completely burned and pillaged that it never recovered its former vitality. Everybody loses in war but also in oppression. General John J. Pershing tried to capture Villa after a year in pursuit. Villa and his Villistas, used tactics such as firing squads and propaganda against their enemies. They seized hacienda land for distribution to peasants and soldiers. Columbus, New Mexico On 9 March 1916, General Villa ordered nearly 500 Mexican members of his revolutionary group to make a cross-border attack against Columbus, New Mexico. The raid was conducted because of the U.S. government's official recognition of the Carranza regime and for the loss of lives in battle due to defective bullets purchased from the United States. They attacked a detachment of the 13th Cavalry Regiment (United States), seizing 100 horses and mules, and setting part of the town on fire. 18 Americans and about 80 Villistas were killed.

On 15 May, they attacked GlenSprings, Texas, killing a civilian and wounding three American soldiers; on 15 June, bandits killed four soldiers at San Ygnacio, Texas; on 31 July, one American soldier and a U.S. customs inspector were killed. General John J. Pershing tried to capture Villa after a year in pursuit. Villa and his supporters, known as Villistas, used tactics such as propaganda and firing squads against enemies, and seized hacienda land for distribution to peasants and soldiers. USA-German Influence Before the Villa-Carranza split in 1915, there is no credible evidence that Villa co-operated with the German government or accepted any help from them. The USA supplied arms, employed international mercenaries and doctors (Americans included). Pancho Villa was portrayed as a hero in the US media. He made business arrangements with Hollywood. He certainly did not object to the 1914 US naval occupation of Veracruz. In Villa's opinion, the occupation simply hurt Huerta. Villa opposed armed participation of the United States in Mexico.

He did not act against the Veracruz occupation however to maintain the connections in the United States to buy ammunition and other supplies. Villa rejected offers and money from the German consul in Torreón. This was for the occupation of the port and oil fields of Tampico to enable German ships to dock there. Villa refused. In the infamous Zimmermann Telegram to the Mexican government, the Germans did propose an alliance with the government of Venustiano Carranza. After Villa's split with the Constitutionalists, there were documented contacts between Villa and the Germans. This was in the person of Felix A. Sommerfeld. Allegedly, in 1915, Sommerfeld funneled $340,000 of German money to the Western Cartridge Company to purchase ammunition. Sommerfeld was probably acting on his own. His interests were more for himself. Sommerfeld acted as a double agent for Carranza. It would seem that Villa only sought German assistance after sources of money and arms were denied.

At the time of Villa's attack on Columbus, New Mexico in 1916, Villa's military power had been marginalized Villa was repulsed at Columbus by a small cavalry detachment, after doing a lot of damage, but his area was mainly limited to western Chihuahua. He was persona non grata with Mexico's ruling Carranza constitutionalists. He was the subject of an embargo by the United States. So it would have been difficult for communication or further shipments of arms between the Germans and Villa. Portraying Villa as a German sympathizer served the propaganda ends of both Carranza and Wilson. Mauser rifles and carbines by Villa's forces does not mean German connection. The Mauser longarms were enormously popular. They were widely used by all parties in the Mexican Revolution,The Mexican Army had begun adopting 7 mm Mauser system arms as early as 1895 and were standard issue.. Pancho's Car The revolution ended in 1920. The national government gave Villa a hacienda outside of Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua. He and his wife, María Luz Corral de Villaalso owned the Quinta Luz estate in Chihuahua, Chihuahua.

Villa was killed while visiting Parral on Friday, July 20, 1923. He was accompanied by his bodyguards called Dorades , the "Golden Ones”. Villa frequently made trips from his ranch to Parral for errands such as banking. Villa had retrieved gold from the local bank in Parral to pay his Canutillo ranch staff. He was driving through the city in his black 1919 Dodge Roadster. A group of seven riflemen appeared in the middle of the road. They fired 150 shots in two minutes into his car. Villa was hit by at least 16 bullets, including four in his head. These would have killed him immediately. Two of his three bodyguards were killed. Villa was reported to have killed at least one of the assassins before he died. No one was ever charged for ordering the killing. The assassins who were later arrested were given light prison terms. This led to wide-spread speculation that the order came from someone in the Mexican government. Villa had become an embarrassment to post-revolutionary Mexico. Villa’s death mask was purported to have been hidden at the Radford School in El Paso, Texas.

Then in the 1970s it was sent to the National Museum of the Revolution in Chihuahua. Other museums have representations of ceramic and bronze that do not match this mask. Pancho Villa was never at rest and was controversial even in death. It is alleged that an ex-Villista officer, Captain Emil L. Holmdahl, had opened the tomb three years after he was buried in the Cemeterio Municipal at Parral. Villa’s head was removed and sold to an eccentric Chicago millionaire who collected the skulls of historic figures. Villa’s sons prevented examination of the remains to see if the head was still attached, despite the rumors. Three years later, the Federal government ordered Villa’s body, moved to Mexico City to be interred in the Tomb of Illustrious Men. It was reported to be headless. Villa's corpse may be in the city cemetery of Parral, Chihuahua, or in Chihuahua City, or in the Monument of the Revolution in Mexico City. Tombs for Villa exist in all three places, to include the tomb that he had built in Chihuahua. It is still in dispute. His skull was stolen.

The heirs of Apache warrior Geronimo are suing the WASPy wieners of Skull & Bones because it's rumored that Yale's secret society has possession of Geronimo's skull. According to legend, George W. Bush's grandpappy Prescott Bush pilfered Geronimo's skull from its grave in Ft. Sill, Oklahoma. It is now allegedly part of a collection of famous heads stolen by various generations of Yalies belonging to Skull & Bones. Among the collection are supposedly not only the skulls of Geronimo, but of Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa, and numerous others. "Hated By Thousands And Loved By Millions.” I will end this story as it began: Pancho Villa was a Mexican revolutionary leader who advocated for the poor and wanted agrarian reform. Though he was a killer, a bandit, and a revolutionary leader, many remember him as a folk hero. Pancho Villa, so the saying goes, was “hated by thousands and loved by millions.” He was a Robin Hood to many and a cruel, cold-blooded killer to others. Pancho Villa Original Pancho Villa Photo Photo Repair 101 This is a classic example of how I repair photos with the "smudge" tool.

Instead of adding a color, you can just push the color that is there until you're satisfied. With this one I used maybe three different sized "smudge brushes". Of course I use a small brush close to the face and for the spots. You can usually "reset" or "undo" if there is a mistake. I was able to remove a bad "background", but also spots from his face, hat, and clothes. Pancho "Repaired" (and cropped) Pancho Villa y la revolución mexicana 1/3 Pancho Villa y la revolución mexicana 2/3 Viva Zapata A century after the heroism and exploits of Emiliano Zapata there are still Zapatistas that will fight for "true freedom" in Mexico. Viva Zapata is still a rallying cry for justice. The very name of Zapata... A Poem For Major Taylor In the early 1870s Gilbert and Saphronia left Kentucky. They hoped that, perhaps, Indiana might prove lucky. Gilbert didn't get credit for having fought in the Civil War. Even afterward his... A Poem For Don Quixote Don Quixote stumbled back in, From off the battle fields where he had been.

He wearily sank down into the closest chair, And scratched his head through his thinning hair. How long can he fight... Shadrach, Meshach, And Abednego Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. Were from Jewish nobility dont you know? They were brought to Babylon for training. During King Nebuchadnezzars reigning. Daniel had their... Vietnam 1968-1969 Or Was It Yesterday Pancho Villa’s ‘last remaining son’ dies in California at age 94 - Latino Life Latino Life Pancho Villa’s ‘last remaining son’ dies in California at age 94 By Elaine Ayala on January 13, 2010 at 3:01 PM Print At first, Ernesto Nava Villa didn’t know who his father was, nor that he was famous. By 8, his mother swore him to a family secret he kept under wraps for 80 years. He finally told his family 15 years ago, living to enjoy some notoriety about being the son of Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa. On Monday, Nava Villa will be put to rest. He died Dec.

31 in Castro Valley, Calif., at 94. He had recently suffered a stroke. Nava Villa never met his father, whose real name was José Doroteo Arango Arámbula and was assassinated in 1923. The Nava Villa Web site says “his mother, Macedonia Ramirez, took him away from Mexico when he was only 2 years old because she was afraid he would be murdered by the enemies of Pancho Villa.” (As you might imagine, many others say they were related to Villa, and the general was married multiple times.) Back to Nava Villa: After news spread of his link to history, he spoke publicly about his life in both Mexico and the United States. Here are his death notices in the San Jose Mercury News and the Latin American Herald Tribune. Elaine Ayala Pancho Villa: Short bio and facts - The Venture Pancho Villa: Short bio and facts admin 2012-02-23 Facebook Twitter Pinterest Google+ Pancho Villa was born José Doroteo Arango Arámbula, and one of the best-known of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution.

His father died when he was 15, and he began working on a hacienda to support the family. In 1894, Pancho Villa came home to find that the owner of the hacienda was going to sexually assault his 12-year old sister. Pancho Villa shot the owner, and then escaped to the mountains. From 1894 – 1910 Villa ran from the law and joined a group of bandits, eventually becoming their leader. It was during this period that he started to use the name Francisco “Pancho” Villa. Villa was recruited for the revolutionary army that was created to unseat Porfirio Diaz, president of Mexico. Many blamed Diaz for the hardships endured by Mexico’s poor, so Villa joined in support of Francisco Madero because of his commitment to bring change to the poor. Madero eventually assumed the presidency, but a new rebellion appeared. After marrying Maria Luz Corral in 2011, Villa was once again called into combat. In early 1912, he worked with General Victoriano Huerta to recruit troops and support Madero.

Later in the year, Huerta accused Villa of stealing a horse, and he was imprisoned until the end of December when he escaped. Huerta became an enemy of Madero and killed the president on February 1913 to claim the office for himself. Throughout the next year, Villa partnered with Venustiano Carranza to successfully resist Huerta. Carranza and Villa ended up becoming enemies, plunging Mexico into a civil war between the two factions. After the U.S. took the side of Carranza, Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico to steal ammunition and rob banks on March 9, 1916. The attack was the first on U.S. soil since 1812. It failed, and the U.S. sent General John Pershing to track Villa down. Pershing never found him. On May 20, 1920, Carranza was assassinated. Adolfo De la Huerta became interim president of Mexico and negotiated Villa’s retirement. The revolution made Villa rich. When he retired from the revolution in 1920, he had a large ranch with livestock, a pension and even land and money for his men. Villa had a short retirement.

He was gunned down in his car on July 1923. * Pancho Villa never drank, but during the revolution, he allowed his men to drink * Villa had no ambitions to be President of Mexico. He wanted to unseat president Porfirio Diaz and he was a big supporter of Francisco Madero. Father: Luis Férman Gurrola Mother: Micaela Arámbula de Arango Follow me on Twitter @EGMNRay Vintage photos show Zapata and Villa during the Mexican Revolution - La Voz La Voz Vintage photos show Zapata and Villa during the Mexican Revolution By Camilo Smith on September 11, 2015 at 5:24 PM Photo: Toronto Star Archives / Toronto Star via Getty Images Image 1of/56 The Mexican Revolution took place from about 1910 until 1920. Click through the photos to see more scenes from the conflict that changed the country. The Mexican Revolution took place from about 1910 until 1920. Click through the photos to see more scenes from the conflict that changed the country.

Photo: Toronto Star Archives / Toronto Star via Getty Images Image 2 of 56 Doroteo Arango Arambula (1878-1923) was the real name of Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary general seen in January 1914. Doroteo Arango Arambula (1878-1923) was the real name of Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary general seen in January 1914. Photo: UniversalImagesGroup / Getty Images Image 3 of 56 Doroteo Arango Arámbula (June 5, 1878  July 20, 1923), better known as Francisco "Pancho" Villa, in 1908, was the first Mexican Revolutionary general. Doroteo Arango Arámbula (June 5, 1878  July 20, 1923), better known as Francisco "Pancho" Villa, in 1908, was the first Mexican Revolutionary general.

Photo: Buyenlarge / Getty Images Image 4 of 56 Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) sits on horseback, wearing a straw hat and ammunition strapped across his shoulders, 1910s. Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) sits on horseback, wearing a straw hat and ammunition strapped across his shoulders, 1910s. Photo: Hulton Archive / Getty Images Image 5 of 56 Mexico Revolution 1911-29 Revolutionary troops: Francisco 'Pancho' Villa and officers of his troops (Division del Norte) after winning the battle of Torreon (Coahuila) against the 'Federales' of the regime V. Huerta. From the right: Colonel Medina, General Ortega, Pancho Villa, General Fierro, unknown) - around April 1914. less Mexico Revolution 1911-29 Revolutionary troops: Francisco 'Pancho' Villa and officers of his troops (Division del Norte) after winning the battle of Torreon (Coahuila) against the 'Federales' of the regime V. ...

more Photo: ullstein bild / ullstein bild via Getty Images Image 6 of 56 Emiliano Zapata Salazar (1879-1919) portrait of the general of the South, during the Mexican revolution; he was revolutionary, political and active in guerrilla mexican. The general of the northern faction was Pancho Villa. Woodcut hand-coloring by Josè Guadalupe POSADA (1852-1913), Mexico 1910. less Emiliano Zapata Salazar (1879-1919) portrait of the general of the South, during the Mexican revolution; he was revolutionary, political and active in guerrilla mexican. The general of the northern faction was ... more Photo: Getty Images Image 7 of 56 Emiliano Zapata Salazar (1879-1919) portrait of the general of the South, during the Mexican revolution; he was revolutionary, political and active in guerrilla mexican. The general of the northern faction was Pancho Villa. Photography, Mexico 1910.

less Emiliano Zapata Salazar (1879-1919) portrait of the general of the South, during the Mexican revolution; he was revolutionary, political and active in guerrilla mexican. The general of the northern faction was ... more Photo: Getty Images Image 8 of 56 A Portrait on June 16, 1919 of Colonel Tompkins who, at the head of a troop of foot soldiers, led the expedition against Pancho Villa In the state of Chihuahua From 1916 To 1923. A Portrait on June 16, 1919 of Colonel Tompkins who, at the head of a troop of foot soldiers, led the expedition against Pancho Villa In the state of Chihuahua From 1916 To 1923. Photo: Keystone-France / Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images Image 9 of 56 Francisco 'Pancho' Villa working as a blacksmith in his hacienda in Canutillo, Durango in 1921.

Francisco 'Pancho' Villa working as a blacksmith in his hacienda in Canutillo, Durango in 1921. Photo: ullstein bild / ullstein bild via Getty Images Image 10 of 56 Pancho Villa in the Lecumberri prison in 1923. Pancho Villa in the Lecumberri prison in 1923. Photo: ullstein bild / ullstein bild via Getty Images Image 11 of 56 Mexico Revolution 1911-29 North Mexico: Francisco "Pancho" Villa and General Fierro (Division del Norte) around 1914. Mexico Revolution 1911-29 North Mexico: Francisco "Pancho" Villa and General Fierro (Division del Norte) around 1914. Photo: ullstein bild / ullstein bild via Getty Images Image 12 of 56 Photo from the Mexico Revolution 1911-1929. A contingent of soldiers of Francisco "Pancho" Villa (Division del Norte). Photo from the Mexico Revolution 1911-1929.

A contingent of soldiers of Francisco "Pancho" Villa (Division del Norte). Photo: ullstein bild / ullstein bild via Getty Images Image 13 of 56 Mexican rebel leader Pancho Villa. Mexican rebel leader Pancho Villa. Photo: Mansell / The LIFE Picture Collection/Gett Image 14 of 56 American soldier searching a Mexican national for weapons during the ongoing conflict between Mexico and the U.S. American soldier searching a Mexican national for weapons during the ongoing conflict between Mexico and the U.S. Photo: Mansell / The LIFE Picture Collection/Gett Image 15 of 56 Pancho Villa (1878 - 1928) walks down the steps of a building after having discussions with General Fierro and General Scott in 1914. Pancho Villa (1878 - 1928) walks down the steps of a building after having discussions with General Fierro and General Scott in 1914. Photo: Transcendental Graphics / Getty Images Image 16 of 56 Grub Pile in Camp Columbus in 1918. Soldier cooks are seen at the serving table.

A Mexican border incursion was being planned to apprehend Pancho Villa. Grub Pile in Camp Columbus in 1918. Soldier cooks are seen at the serving table. A Mexican border incursion was being planned to apprehend Pancho Villa. Photo: Buyenlarge / Getty Images Pancho Villa and his bandits in 1919 with bandoliers and guns. Pancho Villa and his bandits in 1919 with bandoliers and guns. Photo: Buyenlarge / Getty Images Image 18 of 56 Marching U.S. infantry in Texas in 1900 are massed for the Mexican Border campaign. The US was prepared to enter Mexico with Infantry to capture Pancho Villa. Marching U.S. infantry in Texas in 1900 are massed for the Mexican Border campaign. The US was prepared to enter Mexico with Infantry to capture Pancho Villa. Photo: Buyenlarge / Getty Images American Expeditionary Corps against Pancho Villa 1916. American Expeditionary Corps against Pancho Villa 1916.

Photo: Keystone-France / Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images Image 20 of 56 American expeditionary corps Against Pancho Villa 1917. American expeditionary corps Against Pancho Villa 1917. Photo: Keystone-France / Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images Image 21 of 56 Pancho Villa Mexican Rebel in 1919. Pancho Villa Mexican Rebel in 1919. Photo: Keystone-France / Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images Image 22 of 56 American Marines charged with eliminating Pancho Villa's Revolutionary Movement in Mexico beginning In January 1916. American Marines charged with eliminating Pancho Villa's Revolutionary Movement in Mexico beginning In January 1916. Photo: Keystone-France / Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images Image 23 of 56 American Marines in Mexico to Repress Pancho Villa's rebellion in Chihuahua after "Villaists" Killed 16 American engineers in Santa Isabel, In The State Of Chihuahua, On January 16, 1916.

American Marines in Mexico to Repress Pancho Villa's rebellion in Chihuahua after "Villaists" Killed 16 American engineers in Santa Isabel, In The State Of Chihuahua, On January 16, 1916. Photo: Keystone-France / Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images Image 24 of 56 Pascual Orozco, Alberto Braniff, Pancho Villa, and Peppino Garibaldi in may 1911, Mexico. Pascual Orozco, Alberto Braniff, Pancho Villa, and Peppino Garibaldi in may 1911, Mexico. Photo: Getty Images Image 25 of 56 Journalist Herrerias Lleoando a Bustillos with Pascual Orozco and staff including Peppino Garibaldi, Alberto Braniff, Pancho Villa (l) in Mexico, c. 1912. Journalist Herrerias Lleoando a Bustillos with Pascual Orozco and staff including Peppino Garibaldi, Alberto Braniff, Pancho Villa (l) in Mexico, c. 1912.

Photo: Getty pictures Image 26 of 56 Francisco Pancho Villa, born Doroteo Arango Arambula (1878-1923), Mexican Revolutionary General. Villa, second left in military cap, with Raul Madero, in 1923. Villa was ambushed and assassinated on 20 July 1923. less Francisco Pancho Villa, born Doroteo Arango Arambula (1878-1923), Mexican Revolutionary General. Villa, second left in military cap, with Raul Madero, in 1923. Villa was ambushed and assassinated on 20 July ... more Photo: UniversalImagesGroup / Getty Images Image 27 of 56 Calixto Contreras (left) with Doroteo Arango Arambula (1878-1923) known as Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary general in the 1920s.

Calixto Contreras (left) with Doroteo Arango Arambula (1878-1923) known as Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary general in the 1920s. Photo: UniversalImagesGroup / Getty Images Image 28 of 56 Seated, from left to right, Doroteo Arango Arambula (1878-1923) known as Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary general, Eulalio Gutierrez (1881-1939) Mexican politician, President of Mexico 1914-1915, Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) Mexican Revolutionary leader, and Felicitas Villareal. 1914 . less Seated, from left to right, Doroteo Arango Arambula (1878-1923) known as Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary general, Eulalio Gutierrez (1881-1939) Mexican politician, President of Mexico 1914-1915, Emiliano ...

more Photo: UniversalImagesGroup / Getty Images Image 29 of 56 General John Pershing (left) and his aide at the headquarters of the Mexican Punitive Expedition whose goal was the capture of Pancho Villa, at Colonia Dublan, Mexico, circa 1916. General John Pershing (left) and his aide at the headquarters of the Mexican Punitive Expedition whose goal was the capture of Pancho Villa, at Colonia Dublan, Mexico, circa 1916. Photo: Popperfoto / Popperfoto/Getty Images Image 30 of 56 Mexican revolutionary leader Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) (L) sits against a tree with a fellow soldier, their straw hats over their knees, following the Mexican Revolution of 1911. Mexican revolutionary leader Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) (L) sits against a tree with a fellow soldier, their straw hats over their knees, following the Mexican Revolution of 1911.

Photo: Hulton Archive / Getty Images Image 31 of 56 Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) smiles outdoors, wearing a new military uniform, 1914. Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) smiles outdoors, wearing a new military uniform, 1914. Photo: Authenticated News / Getty Images Image 32 of 56 Mexican revolutionary leader Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) looks through a set of binoculars, surrounded by his men, 1910s. Mexican revolutionary leader Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) looks through a set of binoculars, surrounded by his men, 1910s. Photo: Jack Benton / Getty Images Image 33 of 56 Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) smiles while sitting on horseback, c. 1911. Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) smiles while sitting on horseback, c. 1911.

Photo: Hulton Archive / Getty Images Image 34 of 56 General Francisco Villa, Mexican bandit, and hero of the Mexican Revolution. General Francisco Villa, Mexican bandit, and hero of the Mexican Revolution. Photo: Topical Press Agency / Getty Images Image 35 of 56 Mexican revolutionary leader General Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) rides at the head of the Mexican rebels during the Mexican Revolution. Mexican revolutionary leader General Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) rides at the head of the Mexican rebels during the Mexican Revolution. Photo: Topical Press Agency / Getty Images Image 36 of 56 General John Pershing (1860 - 1948) leading American troops in pursuit of Mexican bandits led by Pancho Villa. General John Pershing (1860 - 1948) leading American troops in pursuit of Mexican bandits led by Pancho Villa.

Photo: MPI / Getty Images Image 37 of 56 Mexican general Alvaro Obregon (1880 - 1928), Mexican revolutionary Francisco (Pancho) Villa (1877 - 1923), and American general John Pershing (1860 - 1948) pose for a photo with other military officers, circa 1915. less Mexican general Alvaro Obregon (1880 - 1928), Mexican revolutionary Francisco (Pancho) Villa (1877 - 1923), and American general John Pershing (1860 - 1948) pose for a photo with other military officers, circa ... more Photo: Hulton Archive / Getty Images Image 38 of 56 The Carranzistas (supporters of Mexican president Venustiano Carranza) pass through the camp of the US 6th Infantry near San Antonio, Mexico in 1916, on their way to fight Pancho Villa and his revolutionaries.

The Carranzistas (supporters of Mexican president Venustiano Carranza) pass through the camp of the US 6th Infantry near San Antonio, Mexico in 1916, on their way to fight Pancho Villa and his revolutionaries. Photo: MPI / Getty Images Image 39 of 56 Panoramic view of Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa (1877 - 1923) and his followers on horseback in 1914 in Mexico. Panoramic view of Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa (1877 - 1923) and his followers on horseback in 1914 in Mexico. Photo: American Stock Archive / Getty Images Image 40 of 56 Mexican revolutionaries Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata (foreground) assemble with their army of peasants and farmers on horseback, Mexico. Mexican revolutionaries Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata (foreground) assemble with their army of peasants and farmers on horseback, Mexico.

Photo: Hulton Archive / Getty Images Image 41 of 56 Mexican Revolutionary leader Pancho Villa (1877 - 1923) wearing a military general hat and handlebar mustache. Mexican Revolutionary leader Pancho Villa (1877 - 1923) wearing a military general hat and handlebar mustache. Photo: Hulton Archive / Getty Images Image 42 of 56 Mexican Revolutionaries Pancho Villa (1877 - 1923) (L) and Emiliano Zapata (1879 - 1919) smoke cigarettes while sitting outdoors in Mexico. Mexican Revolutionaries Pancho Villa (1877 - 1923) (L) and Emiliano Zapata (1879 - 1919) smoke cigarettes while sitting outdoors in Mexico. Photo: Hulton Archive / Getty Images Image 43 of 56 Mexican rebel leader Francisco 'Pancho' Villa in 1914 with one of the motorcycles used in the Battle of Torrero. It is a Hendee Special Indian motorcycle.

Mexican rebel leader Francisco 'Pancho' Villa in 1914 with one of the motorcycles used in the Battle of Torrero. It is a Hendee Special Indian motorcycle. Photo: Topical Press Agency / Getty Images Image 44 of 56 American actor Wallace Beery during the making of 'Viva Villa', MGM's dramatization of the life of the Mexican revolutionary hero Pancho Villa. American actor Wallace Beery during the making of 'Viva Villa', MGM's dramatization of the life of the Mexican revolutionary hero Pancho Villa. Photo: Margaret Chute / Getty Images Image 45 of 56 General Francisco 'Pancho' Villa (1877 - 1923) hero of the Mexican Revolution. General Francisco 'Pancho' Villa (1877 - 1923) hero of the Mexican Revolution. Photo: Topical Press Agency / Getty Images Image 46 of 56 Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa standing with fellow "bandits", Gen. Fierro (3L), Gen. Ortega (2R) & Col. Medina (R). Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa standing with fellow "bandits", Gen.

Fierro (3L), Gen. Ortega (2R) & Col. Medina (R). Photo: Time Life Pictures / The LIFE Picture Collection/Gett Image 47 of 56 Villa soldiers who raided Columbus, NM, caught by US soldiers in mountains of Mexico. Villa soldiers who raided Columbus, NM, caught by US soldiers in mountains of Mexico. Photo: Adjutant Gen. Willia Fox / The LIFE Picture Collection/Gett Image 48 of 56 Mexican General Pancho Villa riding with his men after victory at Torreon. Mexican General Pancho Villa riding with his men after victory at Torreon. Photo: Time Life Pictures / The LIFE Picture Collection/Gett Image 49 of 56 Machine-gun company of 24th Infantry, one of all-black buffalo soldier regiments, passing in review on its way to Mexico to help pursue Mex. revolutionary Pancho Villa & guerrillas after attack on Columbus, NM. less Machine-gun company of 24th Infantry, one of all-black buffalo soldier regiments, passing in review on its way to Mexico to help pursue Mex. revolutionary Pancho Villa & guerrillas after attack on Columbus, ...

more Photo: Time Life Pictures / The LIFE Picture Collection/Gett Image 50 of 56 General Francisco "Pancho" Villa (1878-1923) during the Mexican Revolution. General Francisco "Pancho" Villa (1878-1923) during the Mexican Revolution. Photo: Universal History Archive / UIG via Getty Images Image 51 of 56 Portrait of Mexican military commander General Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923), late 1910s. Portrait of Mexican military commander General Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923), late 1910s. Photo: FPG / Getty Images Image 52 of 56 Mexican military commander Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) (center) and two of his commanders, General Toribio Ortega (left) and Colonel Ortega, 1913. Mexican military commander Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) (center) and two of his commanders, General Toribio Ortega (left) and Colonel Ortega, 1913.

Photo: FPG / Getty Images Image 53 of 56 Mexican military commander Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) walks with a group of his men, all in suits and most in hats, mid 1910s. Mexican military commander Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) walks with a group of his men, all in suits and most in hats, mid 1910s. Photo: FPG / Getty Images Mexican military commander Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) (center) stands with his men, late 1910s. Mexican military commander Pancho Villa (1878 - 1923) (center) stands with his men, late 1910s. Photo: FPG / Getty Images Image 55 of 56 Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919 (murdered) Revolutionary sits after taking Mexico City. Zapata (with sombrero), left next to him on the president's chair Francisco Pancho Villa. Far left: Tomas Urbina; far right: Otilio Montano.

less Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919 (murdered) Revolutionary sits after taking Mexico City. Zapata (with sombrero), left next to him on the president's chair Francisco Pancho Villa. Far left: Tomas Urbina; far ... more Photo: ullstein bild / ullstein bild via Getty Images Image 56 of 56

Question: Which revolutionary general had the real name Jose Doroteo Arango (Francisco) Arambula?
Answer: Pancho Villa