Brachial Artery Location, Anatomy & Function | Body Maps Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Brachial artery The brachial artery is a major blood vessel located in the upper arm and is the main supplier of blood to the arm and hand. The brachial artery continues from the axillary artery at the shoulder and travels down the underside of the arm. Along with the medial cubital vein and bicep tendon, it forms the cubital fossa, the triangular pit on the inside of the elbow. Below the cubital fossa, the brachial artery divides into two arteries running down the forearm: the ulnar and radial. In some people, this division occurs higher up, causing these arteries to run through the upper arm. These are the two main branches of the brachial artery. The brachial artery’s other branches are: the inferior ulnar collateral, profunda brachii, and superior ulnar arteries. The brachial artery's pulse can be felt on the elbow's front side.

This is why blood pressure is measured in this area using either a sphygmomanometer (a blood pressure meter) or a stethoscope. Brachial artery Brachial artery Human Anatomy » Body Systems » Cardiovascular System » Brachial artery Introduction: Brachial artery is the main arterial supply of the upper limb providing the blood supply to nearly all of its structures. It is a medium sized artery and is actually a continuation of the axillary artery from the region of the axilla into the arm. brachial artery Origin and termination of Brachial artery: Brachial artery originates at the inferior border of the teres major muscle as a continuation of the axillary artery into the arm. It terminates in the cubital fossa at the level of the neck of the radius bone and divides into two terminal braches; the ulnar artery and the radial artery. Course of Brachial artery: Brachial artery is rather superficial in its course. It is overlapped from the lateral side by biceps brachii muscle. It lies upon the triceps and the coracobrachialis muscles. In the proximal region the artery lies medial to the humerus where it is palpable.

In the lower part of its course the artery gains an anterior position relative to the humerus. The brachial artery accompanies the median nerve which crosses it from lateral to medial side in the middle of the arm. brachial artery scheme Brachial artery has following important branches; Muscular branches: It supplies all the muscles of arm directly or through its branches. Nutrient artery to the humerus: Deep artery of the arm (Profunda brachii artery): Profunda brachii artery arises from medial and posterior part of brachial artery as a large branch just below the lower border of teres major muscle. It closely follows the radial nerve and passes between the lateral and medial heads of triceps muscle. After passing through the radial grove of humerus along the radial nerve, it pierces the lateral intermuscular septum and reaches the front of lateral epicondyle of humerus. It ends by anastomosing with the radial recurrent artery. Profunda brachii artery supplies the deltoid muscle (which is primarily supplied by the posterior circumflex humeral artery) and occasionally also gives an unusual nutrient artery to the humerus. At its end, it takes part in the formation of anastomoses around elbow joint.

Superior ulnar collateral artery: It is a small sized artery arising from the brachial artery just below the middle of the arm. It pierces the medial intermuscular septum of the arm and reaches behind the medial epicondyle of humerus. It ends by taking part in anastomoses around the elbow joint. Inferior ulnar collateral artery: It arises from brachial artery about two and half inches above the elbow joint. Near its origin it pierces the medial intermuscular septum and reaches behind the medial epicondyle of humerus. It ends by taking part in anastomoses around the elbow joint. Radial artery Axillary Artery Anatomy, Diagram & Function | Body Maps Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Axillary artery The axillary artery is a large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to various parts of the upper body. These parts of the body include the thorax, upper limb, and axilla (more commonly known as the armpit).

The thorax of the human body ranges from the neck to the abdomen. The upper limb refers to the arm from the shoulder to the hand. The axillary artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery and begins when it crosses the first rib. As it moves downward it becomes the brachial artery. The axillary artery can be subdivided into three segments. These parts are identified by their location relative to the pectoralis minor muscle, which is located in front of the axillary artery. The first part of the artery is located medial (near the middle) to the pectoralis minor muscle. The second part of the artery is behind the pectoralis minor muscle. The third part of the artery is lateral (to the side of, or farther away from the middle) to the pectoralis minor muscle. The three parts of the axillary artery work together to supply oxygenated blood to the thorax, upper limb, and axillary regions. The axillary vein runs alongside the axillary artery and brings blood back to the heart. Brachial Artery - ProHealthSys Brachial Artery Brachial Artery Dr.

Nikita Vizniak 2016-01-05T14:34:38+00:00 (A. Brachialis) The brachial artery (Fig. 90525) commences at the lower margin of the tendon of the Teres major, and, passing down the arm, ends about 1 cm. below the bend of the elbow, where it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries. At first the brachial artery lies medial to the humerus; but as it runs down the arm it gradually gets in front of the bone, and at the bend of the elbow it lies midway between its two epicondyles. Relations.The artery is superficial throughout its entire extent, being covered, in front, by the integument and the superficial and deep fasciæ; the lacertus fibrosus (bicipital fascia) lies in front of it opposite the elbow and separates it from the vena mediana cubiti; the median nerve crosses from its lateral to its medial side opposite the insertion of the Coracobrachialis.

Behind, it is separated from the long head of the Triceps brachii by the radial nerve and a. profunda brachii. It then lies upon the medial head of the Triceps brachii, next upon the insertion of the Coracobrachialis, and lastly on the Brachialis. Laterally, it is in relation above with the median nerve and the Coracobrachialis, below with the Biceps brachii, the two muscles overlapping the artery to a considerable extent. Medially, its upper half is in relation with the medial antibrachial cutaneous and ulnar nerves, its lower half with the median nerve. The basilic vein lies on its medial side, but is separated from it in the lower part of the arm by the deep fascia. The artery is accompanied by two venæ comitantes, which lie in close contact with it, and are connected together at intervals by short transverse branches. The Anticubital Fossa.At the bend of the elbow the brachial artery sinks deeply into a triangular interval, the anticubital fossa.

The base of the triangle is directed upward, and is represented by a line connecting the two epicondyles of the humerus; the sides are formed by the medial edge of the Brachioradialis and the lateral margin of the Pronator teres; the floor is formed by the Brachialis and Supinator. This space contains the brachial artery, with its accompanying veins; the radial and ulnar arteries; the median and radial nerves; and the tendon of the Biceps brachii. The brachial artery occupies the middle of the space, and divides opposite the neck of the radius into the radial and ulnar arteries; it is covered, in front, by the integument, the superficial fascia, and the vena mediana cubiti, the last being separated from the artery by the lacertus fibrosus. Behind it is the Brachialis which separates it from the elbow-joint. The median nerve lies close to the medial side of the artery, above, but is separated from it below by the ulnar head of the Pronator teres.

The tendon of the Biceps brachii lies to the lateral side of the artery; the radial nerve is situated upon the Supinator, and concealed by the Brachioradialis. Peculiarities of the Brachial Artery as Regards its Course.The brachial artery, accompanied by the median nerve, may leave the medial border of the Biceps brachii, and descend toward the medial epicondyle of the humerus; in such cases it usually passes behind the supracondylar process of the humerus, from which a fibrous arch is in most cases thrown over the artery; it then runs beneath or through the substance of the Pronator teres, to the bend of the elbow. This variation bears considerable analogy with the normal condition of the artery in some of the carnivora; it has been referred to in the description of the humerus (p. 212). As Regards its Division.Occasionally, the artery is divided for a short distance at its upper part into two trunks, which are united below. Frequently the artery divides at a higher level than usual, and the vessels concerned in this high division are three, viz., radial, ulnar, and interosseous.

Most frequently the radial is given off high up, the other limb of the bifurcation consisting of the ulnar and interosseous; in some instances the ulnar arises above the ordinary level, and the radial and interosseous form the other limb of the division; occasionally the interosseous arises high up. Sometimes, long slender vessels, vasa aberrantia, connect the brachial or the axillary artery with one of the arteries of the forearm, or branches from them. These vessels usually join the radial. FIG. 90525 The brachial artery. Varieties in Muscular Relations.The brachial artery is occasionally concealed, in some part of its course, by muscular or tendinous slips derived from the Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii, Brachialis, or Pronator teres. Collateral Circulation.After the application of a ligature to the brachial artery in the upper third of the arm, the circulation is carried on by branches from the humeral circumflex and subscapular arteries anastomosing with ascending branches from the profunda brachii.

If the artery be tied below the origin of the profunda brachii and superior ulnar collateral, the circulation is maintained by the branches of these two arteries anastomosing with the inferior ulnar collateral, the radial and ulnar recurrents, and the dorsal interosseous. Branches.The branches of the brachial artery are: Profunda Brachii. Axillary Artery - Anatomy, Branches and Mnemonics | Kenhub Axillary Artery Contents Overview The axillary artery is a large muscular vessel that travels through the axilla. It is responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood to the upper limb as well as to parts of the musculocutaneous system of the scapula and upper lateral thorax. The neurovascular bundle formed by the artery and the cords of the brachial plexus are enveloped by the axillary fascia. The fascia is then attached to the suspensory ligaments of the axilla (a continuation of the clavipectoral fascia) for additional protection.

As a result of this attachment, the axillary artery is more easily palpated in the concavity of the axilla when the upper arm is adducted (close to the midline of the body) and the suspensory ligaments are relaxed, than when it is abducted (away from the midline of the body) and the suspensory ligaments are taut. Recommended video: Axillary artery Anatomy of the axillary artery and its branches. Course The axillary artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery that begins at the outer border of the first rib . It then courses through the axilla while being bordered by the lateral (superiorly), posterior (posteriorly), medial (inferiorly) cords of the brachial plexus and the ansa pectoralis (anteriorly). As it passes through the axilla, the artery is divided into three parts by pectoralis minor , as the muscle travels superolaterally from its origin at the 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs to its insertion on the medial aspect of the coracoid process. Conveniently, each segment gives off a corresponding number of branches.

One branch leaves the first segment above, two branches from the second segment beneath and three branches leave the third segment below (all relative to pectoralis minor). While exiting the axilla, the axillary artery changes its name at the lower border of teres major and continues in the arm as the brachial artery . Branches & Muscles Supplied The superior (highest) thoracic artery is the first branch of the axillary artery. It is given off proximal to the outer border of the anterior scalene muscle . It forms part of the arterial supply to the pectoral muscles. The second part of the axillary artery gives rise to two vessels. The thoracoacromial (acromiothoracic) artery is a primary trunk that gives rise to four other arteries. By way of its branches, the thoracoacromial artery pierces the clavipectoral fascia to supply regions of the upper limb and trunk for which they are named. The clavicular branch courses superomedially towards the sternoclavicular joint where it supplies the joint and subclavius muscle . The pectoral branch travels inferomedially toward the pectorales muscles where it provides oxygenated blood to the muscles and the mammaries.

The acromial branch crosses the medial border of the coracoid process, deep to the deltoid muscle . After supplying this muscle, it pierces it to reach the acromion, where it joins the acromial anastomosis. Finally, the deltoid (humeral) branch courses over the tendon over pectoralis minor, then through the deltopectoral groove (with the cephalic vein). Along this course, it supplies both pectoralis major and the deltoid muscle. The other branch of the second part of the axillary artery is the lateral thoracic artery. It travels inferomedially along the inferior margin of pectoralis minor. It carries oxygenated blood for the serratus anterior , the pectorales muscles, the subscapularis muscle as well as for the mammaries. The third part of the axillary artery first gives off the subscapular artery (the largest branch of the axillary artery). The subscapular artery travels caudally, shortly after which it bifurcates to give the circumflex scapular artery and the thoracodorsal artery.

The circumflex scapular artery courses around the lateral border of the scapula through the (upper) triangular space to enter the infraspinatus fossa. Here it joins the scapular anastomosis. The thoracodorsal artery continues inferiorly alongside the thoracodorsal nerve to supply the latissimus dorsi muscle . The thoracodorsal branch of the subscapular artery forms an anastomosis with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery, the internal intercostal and the internal mammary arteries. Finally, the third part of the axillary artery gives off an anterior and a posterior circumflex humeral artery (ACHA & PCHA, respectively). The ACHA is the smaller of the two arteries. It travels in a horizontal manner towards the surgical neck of the humerus, deep to the short head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis . At the intertubecular groove, it gives a branch that travels superiorly in the sulcus to supply the glenohumeral joint . The PCHA travels posteriorly alongside the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space.

The PCHA then courses anteriorly around the surgical neck of the humerus, supplying the shoulder joint and the deltoid muscle and anastomosing with the ACHA and profunda brachii. Mnemonics There are several creative ways to remember the branches of the axillary artery and the branches of the thoracoacromial artery. For the branches of the axillary artery, remember SALSAP or “HoTeL SPA”: S – Superior (highest) thoracic Axillary Artery Axillary Artery Human Anatomy » Body Systems » Cardiovascular System » Axillary Artery Introduction: Axillary artery is the continuation of the subclavian artery into the axilla. The artery is closely related to the cords of the brachial plexus and in fact the cords of the brachial plexus are named according to their relation with the second part of the axillary artery; the posterior cord of the brachial plexus lies posterior to the second part of the axillary artery, the medial cord lies medial and the lateral cord lies lateral to it.

axillary artery Origin and termination of axillary artery: The axillary artery begins at the lateral border of the first rib as a continuation of the subclavian artery into the axilla. It terminates at the lower border of the teres major muscle and then continues downward in the arm as the brachial artery. Parts of the axillary artery: The axillary artery is customarily divided into three parts; 1st part of axillary artery: It lies between the lateral border of the first rib and the medial border of the pectoralis minor muscle. It gives one branch named as the “highest thoracic artery”. 2nd part of the axillary artery: It lies under the pectoralis minor muscle. It gives two branches; the lateral thoracic artery and the thoracoacromial artery. The lateral thoracic artery continues downward along the lateral border of pectoralis minor. The thoracoacromial artery divides into 4 terminal branches namely acromial branch, clavicular branch, deltoid branch and pectoral branch. 3rd part of axillary artery: It lies between the lateral border of pectoralis minor and the lower border of the teres major muscle.

It gives three branches; the subscapular artery, the anterior circumflex humeral artery and the posterior circumflex humeral artery. Branches of the axillary artery: In the lines below, I have provided the details of each branch of axillary artery. Highest thoracic artery: It passes between the pectoralis major and minor muscles to the side of the chest and supplies blood to the first and second intercostals spaces and to the superior portion of serratus anterior muscle. It ends by anastomosing with internal mammary and intercostals arteries. Lateral thoracic artery: It supplies blood to lateral structures of thorax and breast. Muscles supplied by this branch include the serratus anterior muscle, pectoralis major muscle and subscapularis muscle. It also supplies the axillary lymph nodes. It ends by anastomosing with internal thoracic artery and intercostals arteries. In females it gives an external mammary branch to supply the breast. Thoracoacromial artery It gives 4 branches immediately after its origin from second part of axillary artery. The branches are; Pectoral Branch: It descends between the pectoralis major and minor, and supplies the mammary gland.

It ends by anastomosing with intercostals branches of internal mammary artery. Acromial branch: It supplies the deltoid muscle and runs laterally over the coracoids process. It ends on acromion in an arterial network formed by branches from the suprascapular, thoracoacromial, and posterior humeral circumflex arteries. Clavicular branch: It supplies the sternoclavicular joint and the subclavius muscle. Deltoid branch: It supplies the pectoralis major and deltoid muscle. Subscapular artery: It is the largest branch of axillary artery. It follows the subscapularis muscle to inferior angle of scapula where it anastomoses with lateral thoracic and intercostals arteries. It forms the arterial anastomoses around scapula. Anterior circumflex humeral artery: It is considerably smaller than the posterior circumflex artery. It supplies the shoulder joint and the head of the humerus. It takes part in the formation of anastomoses around the shoulder joint. Posterior circumflex humeral artery: It passes through the quadrangular space and winds around the neck of humerus. It supplies the deltoid muscle and shoulder joint.

It takes part in the formation of anastomoses around shoulder joint. Share this page: Brachial Artery - Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System Home > Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular System of the Arm and Hand > Brachial Artery Brachial Artery The brachial artery stems from the axillary artery and moves along the humerus (upper arm bone) down to the elbow. It gives rise to the deep brachial artery, which curves around the back of the humerus to supply blood to the triceps muscles. Shorter branches pass into various other muscles on the front of the upper arm, and others descend down each side of the elbow to join arteries in the forearms. Brachial Plexus Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Blood Supply of the Brachial Plexus Blood Supply of the Brachial Plexus Overview Overview The brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) is a somatic nerve plexus formed by intercommunications among the ventral rami (roots) of the lower 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1).

The plexus, depicted in the images below, is responsible for the motor innervation of all of the muscles of the upper extremity, with the exception of the trapezius and levator scapula. [ 1 ] Schema of the brachial plexus. View Media Gallery The brachial plexus supplies all of the cutaneous innervation of the upper limb, except for the area of the axilla (which is supplied by the supraclavicular nerve) and the dorsal scapula area, which is supplied by cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami. The brachial plexus communicates with the sympathetic trunk via gray rami communicantes, which join the roots of the plexus. They are derived from the middle and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia and the first thoracic sympathetic ganglion. Next: Gross Anatomy Brachial plexus architecture The brachial plexus is subdivided into roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches. Several mnemonics can be used to remember this architecture (eg, Really Tired Drink Coffee Black).

Typically, the brachial plexus is composed of 5 roots, 3 trunks, 6 divisions, 3 cords, and terminal branches, as seen in the image below. Brachial plexus with terminal branches labeled. MC is musculocutaneous (nerve), AXI is axillary, RAD is radial, MED is median, and ULN is ulnar. View Media Gallery Roots The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 are referred to as the "roots" of the plexus. The typical spinal nerve root results from the confluence of the ventral nerve rootlets originating in the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and the dorsal nerve rootlets that join the spinal ganglion in the region of the intervertebral foramen. The roots emerge from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae immediately posterior to the vertebral artery, which travels in a cephalocaudad direction through the transverse foramina. Each transverse process consists of a posterior and anterior tubercle, which meet laterally to form a costotransverse bar. The transverse foramen lies medial to the costotransverse bar and between the posterior and anterior tubercles.

The spinal nerves that form the brachial plexus run in an inferior and anterior direction within the sulci formed by these structures. Trunks Shortly after emerging from the intervertebral foramina, the 5 roots (C5-T1) unite to form 3 trunks. The trunks of the brachial plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. The ventral rami of C5 and C6 unite to form the upper trunk. The suprascapular nerve and the nerve to the subclavius arise from the upper trunk. The suprascapular nerve contributes sensory fibers to the shoulder joint and provides motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The ventral ramus of C7 continues as the middle trunk. The ventral rami of C8 and T1 unite to form the lower trunk. Divisions Each trunk splits into an anterior division and a posterior division. These separate the innervation of the ventral and dorsal aspect of the upper limb. The anterior divisions usually supply flexor muscles. The posterior divisions usually supply extensor muscles.

Cords The cords are referred to as the lateral, posterior, and medial cord, according to their relationship with the axillary artery, as seen in the image below. The cords pass over the first rib close to the dome of the lung and continue under the clavicle immediately posterior to the subclavian artery. Diagram showing basic relationships of the brachial plexus to the pectoralis minor muscle and the axillary artery, which is a continuation of the subclavian artery. View Media Gallery The anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks unite to form the lateral cord, which is the origin of the lateral pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7). The anterior division of the lower trunk forms the medial cord, which gives off the medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1), the medial brachial cutaneous nerve (T1), and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8, T1). The posterior divisions from each of the 3 trunks unite to form the posterior cord.

The upper and lower subscapular nerves (C7, C8 and C5, C6, respectively) leave the posterior cord and descend behind the axillary artery to supply the subscapularis and teres major muscles. The thoracodorsal nerve to the latissimus dorsi (also known as the middle subscapular nerve, C6, C7, C8) also arises from the posterior cord, as seen in the image below. Schema of the brachial plexus. View Media Gallery Musculocutaneous nerve branch The musculocutaneous nerve is a mixed nerve containing sensory and motor axons. The musculocutaneous nerve is derived from the lateral cord. The musculocutaneous nerve leaves the brachial plexus sheath high in the axilla at the level of the lower border of the teres major muscle and passes into the coracobrachialis muscle. It innervates the muscles in the flexor compartment of the arm and carries sensation from the lateral (radial) side of the forearm. (See the image below.) Musculocutaneous nerve.

View Media Gallery Ulnar nerve branch The ulnar nerve is derived from the medial cord. Motor innervation is mainly to intrinsic muscles of the hand (as seen in the image below). Sensory innervation is to the medial (ulnar) 1.5 digits (little finger, half of the ring finger). Ulnar nerve. View Media Gallery Median nerve branch The median nerve is derived from the lateral and medial cords. Motor innervation is to most flexor muscles in the forearm and intrinsic muscles of the thumb (thenar muscles), as seen in the image below. Sensory innervation is to the lateral (radial) 3.5 digits (thumb, index and middle fingers, half of the ring finger). Median nerve. View Media Gallery Axillary nerve branch The axillary nerve is derived from the posterior cord. The axillary nerve leaves the brachial plexus at the lower border of the subscapularis muscle and continues along the inferior and posterior surface of the axillary artery as the radial nerve. The axillary nerve serves as motor innervation to the deltoid and teres minor muscles, as seen in the image below. These act at the glenohumeral joint.

Sensory innervation is from the skin just below the point of the shoulder. The axillary nerve continues as the superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve of the arm. Axillary and radial nerves. View Media Gallery Radial nerve branch The radial nerve is also derived from the posterior cord. The radial nerve continues along the posterior and inferior surface of the axillary artery and innervates the extensor muscles of the elbow, wrist, and fingers, as seen in the image above. Sensory innervation is from the skin on the dorsum of the hand on the radial side. Additional branches In addition to the 5 terminal branches described above, numerous preterminal or collateral branches leave the plexus at various points along its length. Dorsal scapular nerve The dorsal scapular nerve is derived from the C5 root just after its exit from the intervertebral foramen. It serves as the motor nerve to the rhomboids major and minor muscles Long thoracic nerve The long thoracic nerve is derived from C5, C6, and C7 roots immediately after their emergence from the intervertebral foramina.

The long thoracic nerve crosses the first rib and then descends through the axilla behind the major branches of the plexus. It innervates the serratus anterior muscle. Phrenic nerve The phrenic nerve arises from C3, C4, and C5 root levels, although chiefly from the C4 nerve root. It crosses the anterior scalene from lateral to medial and extends into the thorax between the subclavian vein and artery. Subclavius muscle nerve The nerve to the subclavius muscle is a small filament that arises from the upper trunk. It descends to the subclavius muscle in front of the subclavian artery and the lower trunk of the plexus. Suprascapular nerve The suprascapular nerve arises from the upper trunk formed by the union of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves. It innervates the supraspinatus muscles and infraspinatus muscles.

It runs laterally beneath the trapezius and the omohyoideus and enters the supraspinatus fossa through the suprascapular notch, below the superior transverse scapular ligament; it then passes beneath the supraspinatus and curves around the lateral border of the spine of the scapula to the infraspinatus fossa. Lateral pectoral nerve The lateral pectoral nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves. It passes across the axillary artery and vein, pierces the coracoclavicular fascia, and is distributed to the deep surface of the pectoralis major. It sends a filament to join the medial anterior thoracic and forms with it a loop in front of the first part of the axillary artery. This nerve innervates the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle. Medial pectoral nerve The medial pectoral nerve arises from the medial cord from the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerve.

It passes behind the first part of the axillary artery, curves forward between the axillary artery and vein, and unites in front of the artery with a filament from the lateral nerve. It then enters the deep surface of the pectoralis minor, where it divides into a number of branches, which supply the muscle. Several branches of the medial pectoral nerve pierce the muscle and end in the pectoralis major, which supply the muscle. The medial and lateral pectoral nerve often join together to act as a single nerve innervating the pectoralis major and minor muscles. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve The medial brachial cutaneous nerve is the smallest branch of the brachial plexus; arising from the medial cord, it receives its fibers from the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves. It passes through the axilla, at first lying behind and then medial to the axillary vein, and communicates with the intercostobrachial nerve.

The medial brachial cutaneous nerve descends along the medial side of the brachial artery to the middle of the arm, where it pierces the deep fascia, and is distributed to the skin of the back of the lower third of the arm, extending as far as the elbow, where some filaments are lost in the skin in front of the medial epicondyle, and others over the olecranon. It communicates with the ulnar branch of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. The medial brachial cutaneous nerve carries sensation from the lower medial portion of the arm. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve The medial antebrachial cutaneous arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. It derives its fibers from the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves and at its commencement is medial to the axillary artery. It gives off near the axilla a filament that pierces the fascia and supplies the integument covering the biceps brachii, nearly as far as the elbow.

The nerve then runs down the ulnar side of the arm medial to the brachial artery, pierces the deep fascia with the basilic vein, about the middle of the arm, and divides into a volar and an ulnar branch. Previous Blood Vessels B. Sequence 1. Pulmonary trunk ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Bifurcates into rt. and lt. pulmonary arteries 2. Pulmonary arteries ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. In the lungs, arteries subdivide into lobar arteries ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i.

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common carotid ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. R. internal carotid ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ii. R. external carotid ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b. R.

subclavian ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. R. vertebral ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ii. R. axillary 3. L. common carotid ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. L. internal carotid ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b. L. external carotid 4. R.

subclavian ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. L. vertebral ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b. L. axillary C. Thoracic aorta (above the diaphragm) 1. Parietal branches D. Abdominal aorta (below diaphragm) 1. Parietal branches III. Arteries of Head and Neck A. Brachiocephalic artery branches off aortic arch 1. R. subclavian artery branches off brachiocephalic artery 2. R. vertebral artery branches off R. subclavian artery 3. R. vertebral joins with L. vertebral to form Basilar artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Basilar artery is part of Circle of Willis (see below) 4. Basilar artery divides to form R.

and L. posterior cerebral arteries ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supply occipital and inferior temporal lobes of brain B. After R. subclavian artery branches, Brachiocephalic artery is the R. common carotid artery C. R. common carotid bifurcates to form R. external and internal carotid arteries D. R. external carotid branches as it runs superiorly 1. Superior thyroid ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies thyroid and larynx 2. Lingual a. Supplies tongue 3. Facial ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies skin and muscles of anterior face 4.

Occipital ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies posterior scalp 5. R. external carotid splits a. Maxillary ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Supplies upper and lower jaw b. Superficial temporal ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies most of scalp E. R. Internal carotid 1. Enters the skull and services the brain 2. Opthalmic branches off ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a.

Supplies eyes, orbits, forehead and nose 3. R. internal carotid divides to form ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. R. anterior cerebral artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Supplies medial surface of brain ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b. R. middle cerebral artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i.

Supplies lateral parts of temporal and parietal lobes F. Circle of Willis 1. R. and L. posterior communicating arteries connect posterior cerebral arteries with R. and L. anterior cerebral arteries 2. Anterior communicating artery connects R. and L. anterior cerebral arteriors ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ IV. Arteries of Upper Limb and Thorax A. After giving rise to the R. vertebral artery, R. subclavian courses laterally and gives off branches to neck (do not need to know these vessels) B. R. subclavian artery passes under clavicle 1. Name changes to axillary artery C. Axillary artery gives off a number of branches 1.

Thoracoacromial ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies superior shoulder and pectoral region 2. Lateral thoracic ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies lateral chest wall and breast 3. Subscapular ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies scapula, latissimus dorsi and thorax wall 4. Anterior and posterior circumflex arteries ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supply deltoid and shoulder joint D. As axillary artery enters arm, name changes to brachial artery E. Brachial artery gives off a branch 1.

Deep brachial artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies triceps brachii (posterior arm) 2. Brachial artery supplies anterior flexor muscles of arm F. Brachial artery splits to form two arteries 1. Radial artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies lateral muscles of forearm 2. Ulnar artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies medial muscles of forearm (Do not need to know arteries of wrist and hand) G. Arteries of the thorax wall 1. Internal thoracic artery branches off the subclavian artery a.

As the internal thoracic artery descends it gives off anterior intercostals arterires ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Supplies anterior intercostals spaces 2. Costocervical trunk gives rise to the first two posterior intercostals arteries 3. The thoracic aorta gives rise to the next nine pairs a. Supplies posterior intercostals spaces and deep muscles of back, vertebral columns and spinal cord V. Arteries of the Abdomen A. Abdominal artery lies below the level of the diaphragm B. As abdominal aorta descends it gives the inferior phrenic arteries 1. Supply the diaphragm C. Abdominal aorta descends and gives off the celiac trunk D. Celiac trunk divides into three branches 1. Common hepatic ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Gives off branches to stomach, small intestine and pancreas b.

After giving off gastroduodenal artery, common hepatic becomes hepatic artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Right gastroepiploic branches off gastroduodenal artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ii. Supplies stomach c. Hepatic splits into right and left branches ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Supplies liver 2. Splenic ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Sends branches to stomach and pancreas ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b.

Splenic terminates in the spleen ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ c. Left gastroepiploic branches of splenic artery i. Supplies stomach 3. L. gastric artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies stomach and inferior esophagus E. Abdominal aorta descends and gives off the suprarenal arteries F. Abdominal aorta descends and gives off the superior mesenteric artery 1. Superior mesenteric gives off branches that supply mesenteric organs ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a.

Intestinal ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Supply large intestine ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b. Ileocolic ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Supply appendix, colon ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ c. R.

and middle colic ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Supply transverse colon G. Abdominal aorta descends and gives off the paired renal arteries 1. Supply kidneys on each side of the body H. Abdominal aorta descends and gives off the gonadal arteries (Testicular or ovarian) I. Abdominal aorta descends and gives off the inferior mesenteric artery 1. Inferior mesenteric gives off branches that supply distal part of the colon ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. L. colic ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b.

Sigmoidal arteries ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ c. Superior rectal arteries J. Abdominal aorta descends and gives off the lumbar arteries 1. Supply posterior abdominal wall K. Aorta terminates giving rise to three arteries 1. Median sacral 2. R. and L. common iliacs VI. Arteries of Pelvis and Leg A. Common iliac divides into two branches 1. Internal iliac ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supply pelvis and visceral organs ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i.

Bladder, rectum, uterus and vagina (prostate and ductus deferns) ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b. Divides to serve muscles of gluteal muscles and external genitalia 2. External iliac B. As external iliac enters thigh it becomes the femoral artery C. Femoral artery gives off branches as it descends down the thigh 1. Deep femoral artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Serves posterior thigh ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b.

Deep femoral artery gives off branches that supply head and neck of femur ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Lateral and medial circumflex arteries D. Femoral artery descends and passes through adductor hiatus and enters popliteal fossa E. Femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery 1. Supplies knee region 1. Posterior tibial artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a.

Gives off peroneal artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Supplies lateral muscles of the leg 2. Anterior tibial artery ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Supplies extensor muscles (Do not need to know arteries of ankle or foot) VII. Major Veins of the Systemic Circulation A. Superior vena cava runs from union of brachiocephalic veins (L. and R.) to R. atrium B. Veins that drain into R. brachiocephalic vein 1. R. internal jugular vein 2. R. vertebral vein 3. R.

subclavian vein ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. R. external jugular vein empties into R. subclavian vein *Left side corresponds to right side C. Inferior vena cava runs from junction of common iliac veins to R. atrium D. Veins that drain into inferior vena cava 1. Hepatic veins (R. and L.) 2. R. suprarenal vein 3. Renal veins (R. and L.) 4. R. gonadal vein VIII. Veins of Head and Neck A. Drainage of blood from brain 1. Most veins drain into dural (meningial) sinuses ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Superior sagittal ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b.

Straight ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ c. Cavernous ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ d. Transverse 2. Most blood from the brain drains into internal jugular veins B. Deep veins of the face drain into inferior jugular veins 1. Facial IX. Veins of Upper Limbs and Thorax A. Azygous system drains thoracic tissues 1. Azygous vein drains into superior vena cava ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Posterior intercostal veins drain into azygous 2. Azygous veins that drain into azygous vein ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a.

Hemiazygous ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b. Accessory hemiazygous vein B. Deep drainage of upper limb 1. Distal veins of the arm drain into ulnar and radial veins 2. Ulnar and radial veins unite to form brachial vein 3. As brachial vein enters shoulder, it becomes axillary vein 4. At level of first rib, axillary vein becomes subclavian vein C. Superficial drainage of upper limb 1. Median vein of the forearm lies between ulna and radius ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Connects either to basilic or cephalic veins 2. Cephalic vein joins with axillary vein 3. Basilic vein joins with brachial vein 4.

Median cubital vein connects basilic and cephalic veins ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Commonly used to obtain blood samples 1. Multiple hepatic veins carry blood from liver to inferior vena cava 2. Cystic veins drain gall bladder and join the hepatic veins B. Hepatic portal vein receives drainage from digestive viscera ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Hepatic portal vein carries blood to liver ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Nutrients are removed C. Visceral veins draining into hepatic portal vein 1. Superior mesenteric 2.

Inferior mesenteric ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Drains large intestine and rectum ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Joins splenic 3. Splenic ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Drains spleen, parts of the stomach, and pancreas ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i.

Joins superior mesenteric D. Other veins draining into inferior vena cava 1. Lumbar veins ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. R. and L. ascending lumbar veins 2. Gonadal veins ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. R.: ovariaries or testes on right side of body ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Drains directly into vena cava ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b.

L.: ovariaries or testes on left side of body ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Drains into L. renal vein 3. Suprarenal ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. R: right adrenal gland ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Drains directly into vena cava ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b.

L: left adrenal gland ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Drains into left renal vein 4. Renal veins ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Drain kidneys E. Common iliacs join to form inferior vena cava XI. Veins of Pelvis and Lower Limbs A. Anterior and posterior tibial veins joins to form popliteal B. Above the knee the popliteal becomes the femoral vein C. As the femoral vein enters the pelvis it becomes the external iliac D. External iliac joins with internal iliac to form common iliac E.

Saphenous veins ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ a. Great ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i. Drains medial aspects of the leg ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ii.

Longest vein in the body ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ iii. Empties into femoral vein ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ b. Small ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i.

Drains deep fascia of calf ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ii. Empties into popliteal vein

Question: In which part of the body is the brachial artery?
Answer: Arm