The Royal Anthem of Norway: Kongesangen | Norway At Home hver i sitt kall, sin stand, troskap sin drott. Trofast i liv og død, tapper i krig og nød, alltid vårt Norge lød Norwegian Royal Anthem Lyrics in English God bless our gracious king! Bless him with strength and courage, Bless home and castle! Guide him with Your Spirit, Tie with Your strong Hand Holy bands of allegiance Loudly pledge men of Norway each in his calling, his station, loyalty to the sovereign. Loyal in life and death, courageous in war and distress, always our Norway obeyed God and its sovereign. Norwegian Royal Anthem Sheet Music You can download the Norwegian Royal Anthem sheet music online in a few places for about $5. (You can also use the score for God Save the Queen , just changing the words, if you already have it on hand.) Feedback on the Norwegian Royal Anthem, Please! I hope you enjoy this brief history of the Norwegian Royal Anthem. We would love your comments on what this means to you or how you will use it!

You may aslo enjoy: Royal Anthem of Norway (Kongeriket Norge) - "Kongesangen" - YouTube Royal Anthem of Norway (Kongeriket Norge) - "Kongesangen" Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Apr 23, 2014 ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩NORSK Bokmål۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● «Norges Kongesang» er en hyllestsang til Norges konge. Den er basert på «God Save the King», en engelsk kongesang fra 1741. Henrik Wergeland skrev en norsk tekst til den engelske sangen i 1841 kalt «Gud signe Kongen vor». Denne ble senere omskrevet om av P.

Vogtmann under tittelen «Gud sign vor konge god». En forenklet versjon av denne ble til slutt skrevet av Gustav Jensen. Den er salme nr. 734 i Norsk Salmebok. ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩ENGLISH۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● Kongesangen (Song of the King) is Norway's Royal anthem. The lyrics come in several versions. The first version (Gud signe kongen vor) was written by Henrik Wergeland, but the version used today and quoted below was written by Gustav Jensen for the coronation of King Haakon VII in 1906. It was inspired by the British Royal and National anthem, and set to the same tune as "God Save the Queen". ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩DEUTSCH۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● Kongesangen ist die Königshymne Norwegens. Der ursprüngliche Text (Gud signe kongen vor), der allerdings mehrmals überarbeitet wurde, stammt von Henrik Wergeland.

Die heutige und unten aufgeführte Version stammt von Gustav Jensen, der sie zur Krönung von König Håkon VII. 1906 schrieb. Jensen wurde von der britischen Königs- und Nationalhymne „God save the Queen" inspiriert und verwendete dieselbe Melodie. Category Norwegian Royal Anthem - YouTube Norwegian Royal Anthem Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jul 13, 2006 The royal anthem of Norway. It's called "Kongesangen" in norwegian. Played on NRK Television and the Norwegian TV 2 network, on every new years eve at 7:30 p.m. ( 19:30 cet.), as they co-broadcast his majesty's annual new years speach. Category Why does Liechtenstein use "God Save the Queen" as its national anthem?

| Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk Why does Liechtenstein use "God Save the Queen" as its national anthem? Tom Chilton, Kismaros, Hungary Lots of countries do, or did. It's a very old tune, that only became popular as 'God Save the Queen' after about 1745. Its origins are unknown, but various composers - including Purcell and Dowland - have been fingered as the creator. 'God Save the Queen' has never been officially adopted as the UK national anthem (the nearest it has come has been a 1934 Army order, laying down rules on interpretation and tempo). It's a catchy, bombastic, easy-to-follow, unadventurous tune, with a flexible and innately 'vocal' structure, and these factors have made it consistently ideal for anthemic purposes. GSTQ is the ultimate off-the-peg national anthem. Garrick Alder, London The simple answer is that Liechtenstein doesn''t use God Save the Queen, it does however use the same melody.

The first line of the text is "Oben am jungen Rhein lehnet sich Liechtenstein An AlpenhÃ¶h''n." which roughly translates as "On the upper reaches of the young Rhine Liechtenstein leans agains the Alpine heights". The text was changed in 1963 from "German Rhine" to "young Rhine". The "German" was a reference to the fact that Liechtenstein is the last of the 343 states which once made up the Holy Roman Empire, as it is known in English, or "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" as it is known in German. Liechtenstein is however not the only state to have used this melody. Bismarck chose a song - "Heil dir im Siegerkranz" - to the same melody which was used by The German Empire until the end of the First World War. The text is similar in tone to God Save the Queen, praising the virtues of the Kaiser and wishing him immortality etc. The present German melody (composed by Haydn) was previously used by Austria (with different words).

Though never having the status of national anthem, the US also uses the melody of God Save the Queen in a patriotic song. It all goes goes to show that melodies are interchangeable the world over. Andy Shackleton, Sheffield England I have heard that several countries use the tune of "God Save the Queen" for national anthems or other patriotic music, for example it is used in the USA for "My Country 'tis of Thee/Sweet Land of Liberty". Hugh, London, UK The Sex Pistols have always been popular there. William Barrett, London, UK It is also used as a royal anthem in Norway, and known as Kongesangen. The melody was also used in France, Sweden and Russia as a national anthem at one time or another. WS, Canterbury, UK Switzerland also used the same melody until about 40 years ago! I have also heard that the melody was French in origin and originally used for a hymn in the honor of Louis XIV. Martin Ricketts, Monaco Monaco God Save the Queen - encyclopedia article - Citizendium God Save the Queen This editable Main Article is under development and not meant to be cited; by editing it you can help to improve it towards a future approved , citable version.

These unapproved articles are subject to a disclaimer . 6 Notes 'God Save the Queen' is a patriotic song whose author is unknown. It is traditionally used as the national anthem of the United Kingdom , one of the two national anthems of New Zealand , and the royal anthem of Canada and the other Commonwealth realms, as well as the royal anthem of the British Royal Family . When the British monarch is male it becomes 'God Save the King', as it was originally sung. It should be noted that there is no authorised version. Indeed the anthem has never been officially adopted by Royal Proclamation nor Act of Parliament . In general only one, or rarely two, verses are ever sung. [1] There has been some recent debate about replacing 'God Save the Queen' with ' Jerusalem ', another popular patriotic song, in England .

Its music was adopted, with new lyrics, by American rebels who knew the music from their days as Britons; they know the song as 'My Country, Tis of Thee.' History As a phrase from the Coverdale Bible of 1535, 'God Save the King' was used as a naval watchword to which the countersign was 'Long to reign over us.' For a long time it was used generally as an expression of personal loyalty to the king. This dates from the reign of King Henry VIII . 'God Save the King', can also be found in the King James version of the Bible, published in 1611: 'And Samuel said to all the people, See ye him whom the Lord hath chosen, that there is none like him among all the people? And all the people shouted, and said, God Save the King.' 1 Samuel 10:24. Opinions differ on authorship of words and melody of the song. The tune's origin may have been borrowed from galliard keyboard music of the 16th century. A manuscript of 1619 attributed to Dr.

John Bull , an organist in the Chapel Royal during the reign of King James I , contains a song called 'God Save the King', dating from shortly after the Gunpowder Plot , but the music to the song is slightly different than today. It was sung for the first time at Merchant Taylor's Hall on 7 July 1607, by 'the gentlemen and children of His Majesty's Chapel Royal' when James I was present at the dinner given by the company on his escape from the Gunpowder Plot. An English Christmas carol of 1611 'Remember, O thou Man' also has stylistic resemblances. It's now generally thought that the melody of 'God Save the Queen', was composed in its present form by Dr Henry Carey sometime between 1736-1740, although many of the musical phrases were present in various earlier melodies such as a Henry Purcell 's piece, set to the words 'God save the King', leading to some confusion.

The first public performance of the work is now believed to be when Carey sang it during a dinner banquet at Mercer's Hall, Cheapside in 1740 in honour of Admiral Edward Vernon who had captured the Spanish harbour of Porto Bello (then in Colombia , now Panama , during the War of Jenkins' Ear .) The oldest copy is in 'Harmonia Anglicana' of 1743 to which Carey was one of the chief contributors, and issued by John Simpson in London . The tune was published in almost its present form in 'Thesaurus Musicus' in 1744, and arranged in Grand Fashion by Thomas Arne in 1745, with words published in Gentleman's Magazine the in October 1745 as 'a song for two voices', as sung at both the playhouses.' It was first sung in the Drury Lane Theatres and Covent Garden Theatres in support of George II after a defeat of Sir John Cope 's army by the Jacobite pretender to the British throne, ' Bonnie Prince Charlie ', at Prestonpans in September 1745.

This support caused the later attachment of a verse, which has an anti-Scottish sentiment, and is no longer sung nowadays. The best-known ceremonial arrangement is by Gordon Jacob . In 1954, music scholar Percy Scholes attempted to find the earliest authenticated authorship of the song but was unable to say with 100 per cent accuracy a definitive name. [2] He recommended the attribution on all music publications as 'traditional' or 'traditional; earliest known version by John Bull (1562-1628).' The musical editor Ralph Vaughan Williams of the English Hymnal, gives no attribution, stating merely '17th or 18th cent.' Usage Frequently, when an anthem is needed for one of the component countries of the UK - at an international sporting event, for instance - an alternate song is used: Wales has its own recognised anthem in 'Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau'; Scotland uses either 'Flower of Scotland' or 'Scotland the Brave'; England often uses ' Jerusalem ' or ' Land of Hope and Glory '. In international football matches England uses 'God Save the Queen' while Scotland uses 'Flower of Scotland' and Wales uses 'Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau'.

The anthem was traditionally played at closedown on BBC1 , BBC2 and ITV . BBC2 and ITV dropped this practice in the early 1990s, but it continued on BBC1 until December 1997. It was formerly used as a national anthem by most of the Commonwealth Realms , including Australia , and Canada . It has since been replaced by 'Advance Australia Fair', and 'O Canada', respectively, though it remains those countries' royal anthem . It is played during formal ceremonies involving the Royalty or viceroyalty (Governors-General, Governors, and Lieutenant-Governors). It continues to be recognised as the national anthem of New Zealand , together with 'God Defend New Zealand'. It is also the former national anthem of Ireland , replaced in the 1920s by 'Amhrán na bhFiann' (in English, 'The Soldier's Song'). 'God Save the Queen' was the very first song to be used as a national anthem, and its tune was either used as or officially adopted as the national anthem for several other countries, including those of Denmark , Germany (unofficial), Russia (until 1833), Sweden and Switzerland .

The tune is still used as the national anthem of Liechtenstein , as 'Oben am jungen Rhein'. In Iceland , the tune is called 'Eldgamla Ã safold', while in Norway , it is known as 'Kongesangen'. Numerous composers have used the tune, including Carl Maria von Weber , Johannes Brahms , Niccolò Paganini , Giuseppe Verdi , and Gaetano Donizetti . Composer George Frideric Handel used the song within his 'Occasional Oratorio' in 1746, which dealt with the events of the Jacobite uprising. In 1763, Johann Christian Bach composed a set of variations on 'God Save the King' for the finale to his sixth keyboard concerto (Op. 1). Ludwig van Beethoven used 'God Save the King' in 'Wellington's Sieg' and wrote a set of piano variations on it between 1802-3.

In 1797, Joseph Haydn composed the Austrian/German hymn 'Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser' (God Save Emperor Francis) after hearing the English anthem while in London in 1794, and concluding that Austria needed an equivalent. It was later adopted as the Prussian national anthem 'Heil Dir im Siegerkranz'. It is also the melody to the popular United States songs 'My Country, Tis of Thee', 'God Save America', 'God Save George Washington', and 'God Save the Thirteen States'. The present 'My Country, Tis of Thee' words are from 1831, and the work of the Revd. Samuel Francis Smith. Lyrics Music to the anthem 'God Save the Queen' (traditional). Since 'God Save the Queen' is the Royal Anthem of Canada, the first verse has been translated into French for use in that country, as shown below. As sung in English in Canada, 'God Save the Queen' has an additional English verse, sung after the first or second verse, which is also given below. 1 True to herself and Thee God save the Queen3.

Footnote When the monarch of the time is male, the last two lines of Verse 3 becomes: 'with heart and voice to sing, God Save the King' United States variant Since the music was well known, an alternate set of lyrics makes it a common patriotic song in the United States: 1 My country, 'tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty, Of thee I sing Land where my fathers died, Land of the Pilgrims' pride, from every mountainside let freedom ring! 2 Land of the noble free, thy name I love; I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and templed hills; My heart with rapture thrills, like that above. 3 Europa - National Anthems National Anthems in Europe In December 2002 Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No.9 was declared a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. Part of this symphony is the Ode to Joy (Ode an die Freude), the music of which is certainly familiar to all of us as the European Anthem . The text of the Ode to Joy was written by Friedrich Schiller. The European Anthem intentionally was first used without any text, in order not to favour one national language over all others.

Meanwhile, many texts have been created; a German text was written by an Austrian, Peter Diem! In 2004 another Austrian, Peter Roland, drafted a Latin version of the European Anthem, as he is of the opinion, that Latin is still the lingua franca in Europe. As soon as we had realized, that our knowledge of the national anthems of Europe was more than poor, we tried to find a site which offers information about the most anthems . This site is in German. If you are especially interested in Austria , we can recommend the web site of Styria . There you can find the Austrian national anthem and the anthems of all Austrian provinces . Later we intensified research on the anthems of the new members and the candidate countries, which was a lot more challenging. We found a wonderful site, which contains a lot of information about anthems worldwide . This site, of course, also offers information about all anthems of the EU member states in English. National Anthems Info is another website, where you can listen to numerous anthems. WIKIPEDIA offers a List of National Anthems from all over the world.

Here you can now collect information about national anthems in Europe: Austria Land der Berge, Land am Strome (Land of the mountains, land on the river) is the national anthem of Austria. Nineteen days before his death on December 5th, 1791 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed his last complete work, the "Freimaurerkantate", KV 623. In parts of the edition of this cantata the "Chain Song", KV 623a, appeared. To this melody the Austrian national anthem is sung. According to newer findings of leading musicologists, this tune was not written by Mozart, but by Johann Holzer , a Freemason Brother of his, and composer of many songs. The lyrics were written by the Austrian poet Paula von Preradovic . In October 1946 it was declared Austria's official national anthem. Belgium The Brabanï¿½onne (Song of Brabant ) is the national anthem of Belgium . The anthem has got a Dutch, a French and a German version.

According to legend, the Belgian national anthem was written in September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution , by a young revolutionary called Jenneval, who read the lyrics during a meeting at the Aigle d'Or cafï¿½. Jenneval, whose real name was Alexandre Dechet (sometimes known as Louis-Alexandre Dechet), did in fact write the Brabanï¿½onne. He was at the time an actor at the theatre where, in August 1830, the revolution started which led to independence from the Netherlands. Jenneval died in the war of independence. Franï¿½ois Van Campenhout composed the tune. Bulgaria If you are interested, you can also read the Bulgarian text in Cyrillic letters here! The anthem, Mila Rodino (Dear Homeland) has been in useas the national anthem of Bulgaria - interrupted by the communist era - since 1885. It is based on the music and text of the song "Gorda Stara Planina" by Tsvetan Radoslavov , written and composed as he left to fight in the Serbo-Bulgarian War in 1885.

The anthem was adopted in 1964. The text has been changed several times, the last change was carried out in 1990. Croatia The lyrics of the anthem were first printed in the Danica (Morning Star) magazine in 1835, under the title Hrvatska domovina (Croatian Homeland). The music was composed in the1840s by Josip Runjanin , a Croatian Serb, on the basis of Gaetano Donizetti's O sole piu ratto from the opera Lucia di Lammermoor . In 1891 the song was first sung as the unofficial national anthem at an exhibition held by the Croatian-Slavonian Economic Society in Zagreb . It was declared the official anthem on February 29, 1972, by the first amendment of the Croatian Constitution with a slight change in the lyrics after Croatia became independent in 1990. Czech Republic Kde domov můj? (Where is My Home?) is the national anthem of the Czech Republic.

The song was written by the composer Frantiï¿½ek ï¿½kroup and the playwrighter Josef Kajetan Tyl as a part of the comedy Fidlovačka aneb ï¿½ï¿½dnï¿½ hněv a ï¿½ï¿½dnï¿½ rvačka (Fidlovačka, or No Anger And No Brawl). It was performed for the first time in the Stavovskï¿½ divadlo ( Estates Theatre ) in Prague in 1834. The original song consists of two stanzas. It soon became very popular and was accepted as an informal anthem of a nation willing to revive its identity within the Habsburg Empire .

Soon after Czechoslovakia had been formed in 1918, the first stanza of the song became the Czech part of the national anthem, followed by the first stanza of the Slovak song Nad Tatrou sa blï¿½ska and, sometimes, by the first stanza of the Carpatho-Rusyn anthem Podkarpatskiji Rusiny ovstavte hlybokyj son (after 1946, Carpatho-Ruthenia was annexed by the USSR, the Rusyn part wasn't sung any more). The split of Czechoslovakia in 1993 also divided the anthem. While the Slovaks extended their anthem adding a second stanza, the national anthem of the Czech Republic anthem was legally adopted unextended, in its single-stanza version. Cyprus The Hymnos eis tin Elphtherian (Hymn to Liberty; Ύμνος είς την Ελευθερίαν) is a poem written by Dionï¿½sios Solomï¿½s in 1823.

It consists of 158 stanzas, set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros . In 1865, the first two stanzas officially became the national anthem of Greece. Since 1960 the Greek Cypriots have been using the same national anthem. Denmark has got two national anthems. Kong Kristian (King Christian), or Kongesangen (The King's Song), is the royal anthem of Denmark. Composed by Ditlev Ludvig Rogert and adopted in 1780, it is one of the oldest in the world. The lyrics first appeared in 1779, in Johannes Ewald 's historical drama, The Fishermen. Kong Kristian is usually performed only in the presence of a member of the royal family, and normally only the first verse is played or sung. Der er et yndigt land (There is a Lovely Land) is the civic national anthem, used on all other national occasions. Usually, only the first stanza and the last three verses of the fourth stanza are sung. The first half of the last stanza is rarely heard. The last verse of each stanza is repeated once.

The lyrics were written in 1819 by Adam Oehlenschlï¿½ger for a competition for a Danish national anthem, and bore the motto: "Ille terrarum mihi praeter omnes angulus ridet" ( Horace ; "This spot smiles at me more than any other"). When it was first published, it had 12 stanzas, but it was shortened to the first, third, fifth, and last stanza in later editions. The music was composed in 1835 by Hans Ernst Krï¿½yer. Later, Thomas Laub and Carl Nielsen both composed alternative tunes, but none of them has gained widespread adoption, and today they are mostly unknown to the general population. Estonia Mu isamaa, mu ï¿½nn ja rï¿½ï¿½m (My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy) was adopted as the national anthem of Estonia in 1920, and again in 1990 (interrupted by the time of the Soviet government). Between 1956 and 1990 the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic , a part of the Soviet Union , had a different anthem .

Although Mu isamaa, mu ï¿½nn ja rï¿½ï¿½m was banned under Soviet rule, Estonians could often hear the melody, as Finland's state broadcaster YLE , whose radio and television broadcasts could often be received in Estonia, played the Finnish national anthem at closedown every night. The lyrics were written by Johann Voldemar Jannsen and are set to a melody composed in 1848 by Fredrik (Friedrich) Pacius which is also used for the national anthem of Finland: Maamme (Vï¿½rt Land in Swedish). The song was first presented to the public as a choral work in the Grand Song Festival of Estonia in 1869 and quickly became a symbol of the Estonian National Awakening. Finland Maamme (Finnish) / Vï¿½rt land (Swedish) (Our Land), is the title of the national anthem of Finland. The music was composed by the German immigrant Fredrik Pacius , with (originally Swedish) words by the Swedish-speaking Finn Johan Ludvig Runeberg . It was first performed in 1848.

The original poem, written in 1846 but not printed until 1848, had 11 stanzas and formed the prologue to the great verse cycle The Tales of Ensign Stï¿½l , a masterpiece of Romantic nationalism. The current Finnish text is usually attributed to the 1889 translation of Ensign Stï¿½l by Paavo Cajander , but in fact originates from the 1867 translation by Julius Krohn . The Tales of Ensign Stï¿½l were much appreciated throughout all of Scandinavia . Until the time of Finland's independence (1917/18), when the song began to be recognized as specifically applying to Finland, Pacius's tune and Runeberg's text were often also sung in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In the original Swedish text there is no reference to Finland, only to "a country in the north", but the Finnish translation explicitly refers to Finland. The poem's theme is, furthermore, remarkably similar to that of the national anthems of Sweden ( Du gamla, Du fria ) and Norway ( Ja, vi elsker dette landet ).

Some Finns proposed that Finlandia by Jean Sibelius should become the Finnish national anthme, partly because Pacius' tune is also used for the national anthem of Estonia with a similarly themed text, Mu isamaa , (My Fatherland ,1869), and partly because Pacius was a German immigrant and Runeberg a Swedish-speaking Finn (although Sibelius was also a Swedish Finn). It is also said that Pacius composed the tune in a mere fifteen minutes, with no idea that it would become so important to the people of Finland that they would eventually make it their national anthem. There are also those who simply prefer Finlandia as a piece of music, although critics call it difficult to sing. The tune of Maamme has similarities with the German drinking song Papst und Sultan . Many believe that Fredrik Pacius might have copied parts of the tune. Another Finnish patriotic song, Sotilaspoika , composed by Pacius, also includes similarities with Papst und Sultan. France The Marseillaise (The Song of Marseille) is the national anthem of France. It was written and composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle at Strasbourg in 1792.

Its original name is Chant de guerre de l'Armï¿½e du Rhin (Marching Song of the Rhine Army) and it was dedicated to Marshall Nicolas Luckner , a Bavarian-born French officer from Cham . It became the rallying call of the French Revolution and got its name because it was first sung on the streets by troops from Marseille upon their arrival in Paris . Germany In 1841, the German linguist and poet August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben wrote the lyrics of the Deutschlandlied (The Song of Germany), which has been used wholly or partially as the national anthem of Germany since 1922. Outside Germany, the hymn is sometimes informally known by the opening words and refrain of the first stanza, Deutschland, Deutschland ï¿½ber alles, but this was never the title of the original work nor has the first stanza been used since the end of World War II. The song was chosen for the national anthem of Germany in 1922, at the time of the Weimar Republic . It continued to be used in Nazi Germany .

In 1952, West Germany adopted the third stanza of the Deutschlandlied as its national anthem, and took the beginning of the third stanzea, Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit, for its motto. The music was written by Joseph Haydn in 1797 for the anthem of Emperor Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire , Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser . The same year, Haydn used it for the second movement of his string quartet no. 62 in C major, op. 76, no. 3 (which is therefore also known as Kaiserquartett.) Greece The Hymn to Freedom (Ύμνος είς την Ελευθερίαν / Imnos is tin Eleftherian) is a poem written by Dionï¿½sios Solomï¿½s in 1823 that consists of 158 stanzas. It was set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros . In 1865, the first two stanzas officially became the national anthem of Greece, today it is also the national anthem of the Greek Republic of Cyprus .

Hungary The Himnusz , a song beginning with the words Isten, ï¿½ldd meg a magyart (God, bless the Hungarians), is the official national anthem of Hungary. It was adopted in 1844 and the first stanza is sung at official ceremonies. The words were written by Ferenc Kï¿½lcsey and the music was composed by Ferenc Erkel . Its original title was Hymnus, a magyar nï¿½p zivataros szï¿½zadaibï¿½l (Hymn, from the Hungarian nation's stormy centuries). The poem and song titled Szï¿½zat , which starts with the words Hazï¿½dnak rendï¿½letlenï¿½l lï¿½gy hï¿½ve, ï¿½h magyar (To your homeland be faithful steadfastly, O Hungarian) enjoys a social status nearly equal to that of Himnusz. Often, Himnusz is sung at the beginning of ceremonies, and Szï¿½zat at the end.

Recognition is also given to the Rï¿½kï¿½czi March , a short wordless piece (composer unknown, but sometimes attributed to Janos Bihari ) which is often used on state military occasions; and the poem Nemzeti dal written by Sï¿½ndor Petőfi . The official radio station Kossuth Rï¿½diï¿½ plays Himnusz every day at ten past midnight when broadcast on AM bands ends. The words of the Hungarian anthem are unusual for the genre in expressing a direct plea to God rather than proclaiming national pride. As God is mentioned, the anthem was played but the words were not sung during the period of the strongest Communist rule in Hungary (1949ï¿½1956). Dictator Mï¿½tyï¿½s Rï¿½kosi even asked composer Zoltï¿½n Kodï¿½ly to write a new, Communist-themed national anthem, but Kodï¿½ly refused, and Rï¿½kosi didn't press the matter.

Iceland Lofsï¿½ngur (Song of Praise), also known as ï¿½ Guï¿½ vors lands (Our Country's God), is the national anthem of Iceland. The text was written by Matthï¿½as Jochumsson and the music by Sveinbjï¿½rn Sveinbjï¿½rnsson . The anthem contains three verses, but only the first one is commonly sung. It was first performed in 1874 at the 1000 year anniversary of the settlement of Iceland. On this occasion, a special service was held in the cathedral of Reykjavï¿½k in the presence of the Danish King Christian IX. , who at this time was alos the King of Iceland. The Lofsï¿½ngur became rather popular and has therefore also been sung as a national anthem since Iceland became independent in 1918, although it was only officially adopted as national anthem in 1983. The song is rather difficult to sing and many Icelandic people claim to be unable to sing it.

The lyrics are sometimes criticized for their religious theme: the anthem is essentially a hymn , which might have to do with the fact that Iceland has a state church . Ireland Amhrï¿½n na bhFiann is the national anthem of the Republic of Ireland. Although usually sung in the Irish language , a translation of the original, the English version is also well known. The lyrics of the song were written by Peadar Kearney , an uncle of Brendan Behan , and the music (1907) by both Kearney and Patrick Heeney. It was first published in 1912, but became really popular during the Easter Rising of 1916. Soon afterwards it was adopted as the national anthem, replacing God Save Ireland . The song is regarded by many nationalists as the national anthem of the whole of Ireland , and it is therefore sung e.g. at Gaelic Athletic Association matches held anywhere on the island.

Unionists , however, reject this use of Amhrï¿½n na bhFiann, and at international games played by the all-Ireland Irish Rugby Football Union team (and now also by all-island teams in some other sports) the song Ireland's Call is sung instead of, or (in the Republic of Ireland ) as well as, Amhrï¿½n na bhFiann. Italy Il Canto degli Italiani (The Song of the Italians; also called: Fratelli d'Italia) is the national anthem of Italy. It is best known among Italians as Inno di Mameli (Mameli's Hymn). The text was written in 1847 in Genoa , by the 20-year-old student and patriot Goffredo Mameli , in a climate of popular struggle for unification and independence of Italy which foreshadowed the war against Austria . Two months later, the words wer set to music in Turin by another Genoese, Michele Novaro . The hymn enjoyed widespread popularity throughout the period of the Risorgimento and in the following decades.

After unification (1861) the adopted national anthem was the Marcia Reale (or Fanfara Reale), the official hymn of the royal house of Savoy composed in 1831 in honour of Carlo Alberto di Savoia . The Marcia Reale remained the Italian national anthem until the birth of the Italian Republic . It was, however, not by chance that Giuseppe Verdi , in his I nno delle Nazioni (Hymn of the Nations), composed for the London International Exhibition of 1862 , chose Il Canto degli Italiani ï¿½ and not the Marcia Reale ï¿½ to represent Italy, putting it beside God Save the Queen and the Marseillaise . From 1922 to 1943 , during the fascist rï¿½gime, each public performance of the Marcia Reale was followed by the hymn of the Partito Nazionale Fascista , called Giovinezza . In October1946, Italy became a republic, and Il Canto degli Italiani was, provisionally, chosen as the country's new national anthem.

This choice was officialized by law only in 2005, almost 60 years later. Latvia Both text and music of Dievs, Sveti Latviju! (God Bless Latvia) were written by Karlis Baumanis for a national singing festival in 1873, and in the same year became the national anthem of Latvia. Between 1940 and the end of the Soviet era, another anthem was used. Dievs, svētī Latviju (Gott, segne Lettland!) is the national anthem of Latvia. Dievs, sveti Latviju! (God bless Latvia!) is the national anthem. The words and music were written by Kārlis Baumanis (better known as Baumaņu Kārlis). The anthem was written around 1970, when the Latvian people were beginning to openly exhibit a strong sense of national pride and identity. Although most Latvians did not yet dare to dream of a sovereign state totally independent of the Tsarist Russian Empire , the song Dievs, sveti Latviju! served as a powerful catalyst for the emerging national consciousness.

The use of the word "Latvia" in the song was an open challenge to the Tsarist regime that had little sympathy for national movements. Initially, Russian authorities forbid the use of the word "Latvia" in the title and text of the song and it was replaced by the word "Baltics". It was first performed publicly in June of 1873 at the First Song Festival in Riga, and was first sung as a national anthem in November 1918 at the proclamation of Latviaï¿½s independence. In June1920 Dievs, sveti Latviju! was officially proclaimed the national anthem of the Republic of Latvia. Between 1940 and the end of the Soviet era, another anthem was used. Lithuania As Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania after the end of the Soviet Union has re-adopted its old national anthem, the Tautiï¿½ka Giesmė (The National Song), which had been written and composed by Vincas Kudirka in 1918. In 1950, the Soviet authorities replaced it with the Anthem of Lithuanian SSR ; the references to Stalin were removed after his death.

During the 1980s, when Lithuania was working towards its independence, the Tautiï¿½ka Giesmė was sung and performed more frequently, and was reinstated as the national anthem in 1992, when the new Constitution was ratified. The lyrics of the song are notably free of references to war, weaponry, and bloodshed; instead they urge the Lithuanians to spread enlightenment, truth, and virtue. Luxembourg Ons Hï¿½mï¿½cht (Our Homeland) is the national anthem of Luxembourg. The text is in Luxembourgish and was written by Michel Lentz in 1859. The poem was set to music by Jean Antoine Zinnen in 1864. The song was first performed in public in Ettelbruck , a town located on the rivers Alzette and Sauer (both of which are mentioned in the song) in 1864. Ons Hï¿½mï¿½cht was adopted as Luxembourg's national anthem in 1895.

Whilst Ons Hï¿½mï¿½cht is the national anthem, the royal anthem , or more accurately the anthem of the Grand Ducal House of Luxembourg is De Wilhelmus , which is not the same as Het Wilhelmus , the national anthem of the Netherlands. Republic of Macedonia Denes nad Makedonija ( Macedonian : Денес Над Македонија / Today Over Macedonia) is the national anthem of Macedonia. The lyrics were written by Vlado Maleski , the tune was composed by Todor Skalovski 1943/44 . For a few months, it was adopted to be an anthem of the Republic of Macedonia after World War II. In 1991,the song was again chosen as the anthem of the newly established independent Republic of Macedonia. Malta L - Innu Malti (Hymn of Malta) has been the national anthem of Malta since 1945. It was first performed in 1923. The tune was composed by Robert Sammut . The text was written by the poet and priest Dun Karm Psaila , originally for a school hymn. It is written in the form of a prayer to God.

The Maltese government declared it the official Maltese anthem in February 1941. The Independence Constitution of 1964 confirmed it as the National Anthem of Malta, which is today one of the symbols of Maltese identity. Oj, svijetla majska zoro (Oh, bright dawn of May) is the official national anthem of Montenegro. Before becoming the anthem, it was a popular folk song of Montenegrins, with many variations. The anthem has been criticized on the basis that its lyrics were altered by Sekula Drljević , the former Fascist President of the Axis puppet state of Montenegro during World War II, who held the distinction of being deposed within 24 hours of his appointment. Montenegro's official anthem during the reign of King Nikola was Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori (Убавој нам Црној Гори, To our beautiful Montenegro). The music was composed by the King's son Knjaz Mirko. The Montenegrin popular anthem at that time was Onamo, 'namo! (There, over there) which had been written by Prince Nikola wrote in the 1860s.

Netherlands Het Wilhelmus (The William [Song]) is the national anthem of the Netherlands: It is among the oldest national anthem in the world, though the words of the Japanese national anthem (not the music) date back to the 9th century. Although it was not recognized as the official national anthem until 1932, it had remained popular with the Dutch people since its creation. The song is remarkably peaceful, and even has an introductary sentence saying Een nieuw christelijk lied (A new Christian song). It is also one of the very few anthems that does not focus on the history or military accomplishments of the people it represents. On the contrary, it tells of William of Orange , his life and why he is fighting for the Dutch . Therefore, the anthem is written as if it were sung by William himself. Mostly, only the first stanza is sung, only on very festive occasions, the sixth stanza is added. Poland The Polish anthem Mazurek Dąbrowskiego (Dąbrowski's Mazurka ) starts with the famous words Jeszcze Polska nie zginela (Poland has not yet perished).

It was a nationalist call to arms to save the Polish state which had fallen under foreign occupation. It was written in 1797 in Reggio nell'Emilia by Jï¿½zef Wybicki , one of the organisers of general Jan Henryk Dabrowski 's Polish Army in Italy, and was originally called the Anthem of the Polish Legions in Italy. It became one of the most popular hymns during Poland's November 1830 and January 1863 uprisings, and was soon the favourite hymn of all Poles. Therefore, it was chosen officially as the national anthem in 1927. During the European Revolutions of 1848 , it won favor throughout Europe as a revolutionary anthem. This led the Slovak poet Samuel Tomaï¿½ik to write the anthem, Hey Slavs , based on the melody of the Polish Anthem. This was later adopted by the First Congress of the Pan-Slavic Movement in Prague as the Pan-Slavic Anthem. During the Second World War, a translation of this anthem became the national anthem of Yugoslavia , and later, Serbia and Montenegro .

Similarity of the anthems sometimes caused confusion during the matches of football or volleyball representations of these countries. After the 2006 split between the two, neither Serbia nor Montenegro kept the song as their national anthem, choosing instead Boï¿½e pravde (Serbia) and Oj, svijetla majska zoro (Montenegro). Portugal A Portuguesa (The Portuguese [Song]) is the national anthem of Portugal. The text was written in 1890 by Henrique Lopes de Mendonï¿½a , and the tune was composed by Alfredo Keil after the nationalist resurgence provoked by the British Ultimatum (for Portuguese troops to vacate the territory between Angola and Mozambique ). It was later adopted as a republican anthem and, finally, by the new Portuguese Republic in 1910 as the national anthem, replacing O Hino da Carta , the last anthem of the Constitutional Monarchy in Portugal.

The title A Portuguesa "the Portuguese song" (canï¿½ï¿½o = song, being feminine), just as La Marseillaise , the national anthem of France, is "the song of Marseille " and the Belgian anthem, La Brabanï¿½onne is "the song of Brabant." Romania Deşteaptă-te, romï¿½ne! (Awaken, Romanian! or Wake Up, Romanian!) is the national anthem of Romania. The text was written by Andrei Mureşanu and the music by Anton Pann in 1848 under the name Un răsunet (An Echo). It was first sung on in 1848 in Rï¿½mnicu Vï¿½lcea , and was immediately accepted as a revolutionary anthem and renamed Deşteaptă-te, romï¿½ne! As the song contains a message of liberty and patriotism, it was sung during all major Romanian conflicts, including the 1989 anti-Communist revolution . In 1990, it became the national anthem, replacing the communist-era national anthem Trei culori (Three Colours).

July 29, the day when the anthem was sung for the first time, is now "National Anthem Day" (Ziua Imnului naţional), a national holiday in Romania . Deşteaptă-te, romï¿½ne! was also the national anthem of Moldova for a few years, but was replaced in 1994 by the current Moldavian anthem, Limba noastră (Our language). Boï¿½e pravde (Боже правде, God of Justice) is the national anthem of Serbia and the Republika Srpska . It was written in 1872 with music by Davorin Jenko and lyrics by Jovan Đorđević . Being the anthem of the Kingdom of Serbia, the original lyrics praised the Serbian king. Today, the Republika Srpska still uses the old lyrics, while Serbia had introduced a slightly modified text. In the second , fourth and sixth stanza, "Serbian king" was changed to "Serbian lands" and in the eighth stanza, "God, save the Serbian King. O God, deliver" was changed to "God of Justice! Guide and prosper".

Between 1945 and 2003 Hej, Sloveni (Hey, Slavs) was the national anthem of former Yugoslavia. This song, which dates back to the 19th centruy, uses the same tune as the Polish national anthem. Text versions were available in Serbo-Croatin, Slovene and Macedonian. Slovakia Nad Tatrou sa blï¿½ska (Storm Over the Tatras) is the national anthem of Slovakia. The song was created in 1844 during a campaign of the students of the Evangelic Lutheran Lyceum of Bratislava to the town of Levoča in protest against the deprival of Ľudovï¿½t ï¿½tï¿½r by Hungarian authorities. The text was written by Janko Matï¿½ï¿½ka in 1844 during the campaign, but the melody was taken from the folk song Kopala studienku (She was digging a little well). It became popular during the Slovak Volunteer campaigns of 1848/1849. It was first published in print in 1851.

In 1920 the first verse became part of the Czechoslovak anthem, which consisted of the present-day Czech anthem Kde domov můj followed by the first part of the present-day Slovak anthem. In 1993, the first two verses became the national anthem of independent Slovakia . Slovenia The Slovenian national anthem, the Zdravljica (A Toast), is the a famous poem by France Preï¿½eren . It was written in 1844 and has been the national anthem of Slovenia since 1989. The most famous is its 7th stanza, for which Stanko Premrl composed a choral composition with the same name. Only the text of this 7th stanza comprises the anthem of Slovenia. In form, the poem is a carmen figuratum , since the shape of each stanza resembles a wine cup. Spain La Marcha Real (The Royal March) is the national anthem of Spain. It is one of the few national anthems in the world which has no official text. It is one of the oldest national anthems in Europe and its origins are unknown.

It was first mentioned in the Libro de Ordenanza de los toques militares de la Infanterï¿½a Espaï¿½ola (the Spanish Infantry Book of Military Bugle Calls) by Manuel de Espinosa. The tune was entitled La Marcha Granadera (March of the Grenadiers ); however, no composer's name was given. In 1770, King Carlos III declared the Marcha Granadera to be the official "Honour March", to be played at public and ceremonial events attended by the royal family. therefore, Spaniards soon came to regard the Marcha Granadera as their national anthem and called it the Marcha Real. Though the Marcha Real has no lyrics, lyrics have been written and used for it in the past. One version was used during Alfonso XIII 's reign and another during general Franco's dictatorship; but none of them was ever official. Under the Second Spanish Republic (1931ï¿½1939), El Himno de Riego replaced La Marcha Real as the national anthem of Spain.

At the conclusion of the Civil War , dictator Francisco Franco (ruled from 1939 to1975) restored La Marcha Real as part of the Triple Himno (dreifache Hymne), a medley from the carlistic hymne Marcha de Oriamendi , the falangistic party hymn Cara al Sol and the Marcha Real. Until 1976, the Triple Himno was played every night by Radio Nacional de Espaï¿½a as a signal that the program was over for the day. The current version was commissioned to Francisco Grau Vegara after the approval of the 1978 constitution. In October 1997 a Royal Decree declared the Marcha Real the national anthem of Spain. Sweden Du gamla, Du fria (Thou ancient, Thou free) is the national anthem of Sweden. Although the Swedish constitution makes no mention of a national anthem, it enjoys universal recognition and is used, for example, at sporting events. Only the first two verses are normally sung.

At international sporting events, often only the first verse is played, which is really more like playing only half a verse of God save the Queen, and ending before the last chorus-like strophes. Many instrumental recordings take up time by playing the repeated fourth and fifth strophe of the melody as an "intro" before playing the actual song. This is something that is never done with any other national anthem. The lyrics, which originally began with the words Du gamla, Du friska (Thou ancient, Thou hale), were written by Richard Dybeck in 1844 to a traditional melody from Vï¿½stmanland . The song first began to be used as a national anthem in the 1890s. Since the song had started getting its informal status of national anthem, Louise Ahlï¿½n wrote the very unknown verses three and four in 1910. They have, however, very seldomly been published, and have remained very unknown to the public. Despite a widespread belief that the song was adopted as the national anthem in 1866, no such recognition has ever been officially accorded.

In 2000 a Riksdag committee rejected a proposal to give the song official status as "unnecessary". It should be noted that the true title of the song is Sï¿½ng till Norden (Song to the North). Du gamla, Du fria are the opening words. Turkey The İstiklï¿½l Marşı (Independence March) is the national Anthem of Turkey, officially adopted in 1921 - two years before the establishment of the modern day Republic of Turkey (1923), both as a motivational musical saga for the troops fighting in the Turkish War of Independence , and as a heroic anthem for the Republic that was to be established once victory was achieved. A total of 724 poems were submitted to a nation-wide competition organized to find and select the most suitable original composition for this National March, and a 10-verse poem written by the renowned poet Mehmet Akif Ersoy was adopted unanimously by the Turkish Grand National Assembly . 24 composers participated in another competition arranged for the selection of a musical composition that would suit the elected national anthem best. The music adopted was composed by Ali Rıfat ï¿½ağatay .

The national anthem was sung to this music until 1929. Then the music was changed to a symphonic arrangement written by Osman Zeki ï¿½ngï¿½r , conductor of the Presidential Symphonic Orchestra. Only the first two stanzas of the ten-verse anthem are sung. The composition has also been adopted as the national anthem of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (since 1983). United Kingdom God Save the King/Queen is the national anthem of the United Kingdom. It is also one of the two national anthems of New Zealand , and of all Commonwealth Realms , as well as the anthem of the British Royal Family . God Save The King/Queen is also the royal anthem (but not the national anthem ) of Norway, sung there in Norwegian. Its use at state events in Great Britain was one of the first examples of a nation adopting a hymn as a national anthem. There is no single authorised version of the song; indeed, the anthem has never been officially adopted by Royal Proclamation nor Act of Parliament . In general, only one or two verses are sung, but on rare occasions three. The origin of the tune is surrounded by uncertainty, myth and speculation.

In The Oxford Companion to Music , Percy Scholes devotes about four pages to this subject. He points out the similarities to an early plainsong melody, but he also points out that the rhythm is very distinctly that of a galliard and gives examples of several such dance tunes that bear a striking resemblance to God Save The King. He quotes a keyboard piece by John Bull (1619) which has some strong similarities to the modern tune, depending on the placing of accidentals which at that time were unwritten in certain cases and left to the discretion of the player. He also points to several pieces by Henry Purcell , one of which includes the opening notes of the modern tune, set to the words God Save The King. The first published version of the present tune appeared in 1744 in the Thesaurus Musicus as a setting of the familiar first verse. Undoubtedly, the song was popularized in the following year (with the landing of Charles Edward Stuart ). It was certainly sung in London theatres in 1745 with, for example, Thomas Arne writing a setting of the tune for the Drury Lane Theatre .

Andorra El Gran Carlemany (The Great Charlemagne) has been the national anthem of Andorra since 1914. The text was written by Joan Benlloch i Vivo (1864-1926) and the tune was composed by Enric Marfany Bons (1871-1942). Liechtenstein Oben am jungen Rhein (Up above the young [river] Rhine ) is the national anthem of Liechtenstein. It is sung to same tune as the national anthem of the UK, God Save the Queen . The lyrics were written in 1850 by Jakob Josef Jauch. Until 1963, the first line was Oben am deutschen Rhein (Up above the German [river] Rhine). Monaco The Hymne Monï¿½gasque is the national anthem of Monaco. The lyrics and the music were first written by Theophile Bellando. In 1841Castil-Blaze modified the melody and made several other minor changes.

In 1848 the National Guard, created by Prince Charles III , adopted Bellando's song and it became the March of the National Loyalists. In 1896 Charles Albrecht composed a new arrangement for piano, published in Paris and called Air National de Monaco; in 1897 a new edition called Hymne National de Monaco was printed in Nice. Years later, Francois Bellini orchestrated the song by Charles Albrecht. As many people thought this version to be too long, it was no longer used after 1900. In 1914 a new version was created by the conductor Leon Jehin. It was played for the first time at the 25th anniversary festival of Prince Albert I. In 1931 Louis Notari wrote lyrics in the Monegasque language . Only these Monegasque lyrics are today the official version, but they are hardly ever sung at all. Vatican City (Holy See) The Inno e Marcia Pontificale (Hymn and Pontifical March) is the so-called Pontifical Anthem of the Vatican City.

The Italian language lyrics were written by Antonio Allegra (1905-1969), the music was composed by Charles Gounod (1818-1893). It was formally adopted by a decree of Pope Pius XII , to mark the Holy Year (or Jubilee) of 1950 and was first performed on 24 December 1949. Gounod originally wrote the Pontifical March to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of the priesthood of Pope Pius IX . It was first performed in Saint Peter's Square in 1869, in Pius IX's presence. Nevertheless, until 1950, an anthem composed by Vittorino Hallmayr in 1857 had been used as the Vatican's anthem. In 1993 a Latin version written by Raffaello Lavagna was performed for the first time. Albania Himni i Flamurit (Hymn of the Flag) is the national anthem of Albania.

The text was written by the Albanian poet Aleksander Stavre Drenova and was first published in 1912 as a poem in Liri e Shqipï¿½risï¿½ (Freedom of Albania), an Albanian newspaper published in Sofia(Bulgaria). It was later printed in Bucharest a volume of poems by Drenova titled ï¿½ndra e lotï¿½ (Dreams and tears). The tune was composed in 1880 by the Romanian composer Ciprian Porumbescu for the song Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire. When the anthem was first adopted in 1912, the title was Betimi mi flamur (Pledge [to] the flag). In the Albanian constitution the national anthem is now called Rreth Flamurit tï¿½ Pï¿½rbashkuar (United Around the Flag; sometimes translated as United Around Our Flag), which is also the first verse of the poem. Sometimes people just use the name Himni Kombï¿½tar (National Anthem). There are two versions of the anthem: a long and a short one.

The second stanza is used as a refrain and is repeated at the end. The short version makes use of the first two stanzas only and repeats the last two verses of the second stanza. Usually, in sports events among national teams, the short version is used. The original poem has three more stanzas, which are not part of the anthem. Azerbaijan Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dï¿½vlət Himni is the national anthem of Azerbaijan . The original title was March of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan marşı). The words were written by the poet Ahmed Javad , and the music was composed by the legendary Azeri composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov . Belarus My Belarusy (Мы, беларусы; Мы, белорусы; We, the Belarusians) is the inofficial title of the national anthem of Belarus and the first line of its text. Officially, My Belarusy is titled the National Anthem of the Republic of Belarus (Дзяржаўны гімн Рэспублікі Беларусь; Государственный гимн Республики Беларусь).

The anthem was originally written and adopted in 1955 for use in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic . The music of this anthem was composed by Nyestar Sakalowski and the text was written by Mihas' Klimkovich . After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the music composed by Sakalowski was kept, and the text of Sakalowski was changed by Uladzimir Karyzny . This new hymn was adopted by a presidential decree of Aljaksandr Lukaschenka in 2002. Intermeco was introduced as the new national anthem of Bosnia-Herzegovina together with the new flag in 1998. The music was composed by Duï¿½an ï¿½estić, the hymn does not have a text. This anthem replaced Jedna Si Jedina (You are unique, the only homeland), a hymn which had been created after the independence in 1992 by the Bosnian music star Dino Merlin (civil name: Edin Derviï¿½halidović).

He had written a new text and had taken the music from an old Bosnian folk song (S one strane Plive - On the far bank of the Pliva river / On the other side of the Pliva river). Although the text does not mention any of the ethnic communities of Bosnia, the Croat and Serb communities said that they felt excluded by this hymn). Georgia The title of the new nationa anthem of Georgia is Tavisupleba (თავისუფლება; Freedom). It was adopted by the Georgian Parliament in 2004 and was first played in public the same year. The text was written by Davit Maghradze, the tune was arranged Ioseb Kechakmadze from melodies of two operas composed by Zakaria Paliashvili : Abesalom da Eteri (Abesalom and Eteri, 919) and Daisi (The Nightfall, 1923).

Tawisupleba replaced the former anthem Dideba sezit kurteuls (დიდება ზეცით კურთეულს; Praise Be To The Heavenly Bestower of Blessings). This anthem had already been used by the First Republi of Georgia (1918-1921). As today's Georgia sees itself as the legitimate successor of this state, it re-actived its hymn in 1991. But according to President Mikheil Saakashvili the old hymn's melody was too close to that of the German hymn. Therefore, he invited artists in the country to create the new hymn. Kosovo Kosovo 's anthem is called Europe . It has no lyrics and was written by the Kosovo composer Mendi Mengjiqi. In June 2008 the MPs voted on a shortlist of three songs chosen in a competition. The rules stated that the song should not imply loyalty to any particular ethnic group. Moldova Limba noastră (Our Language) has been the national anthem of Moldova since 1994.

Between 1991 and 1994, Moldova used Deşteaptă-te, romï¿½ne! (Awaken, Romanian! or Wake Up, Romanian!), which is also the national anthem of Romania, as its official national anthem. The text was written by Alexei Mateevici (1888-1917) and the music was composed by Alexandru Cristea (1890-1942). The original poem has got twelve stanzas, five of which have been chosen for the anthem (stanzas 1, 2, 5, 9 and 12). Norway Ja, vi elsker dette landet (Yes, we love this land) is the national anthem of Norway. The lyrics were written by Bjï¿½rnstjerne Bjï¿½rnson (who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1903) between 1859 and 1868, and the tune was composed by his cousin Rikard Nordraak in 1864.

The anthem was first performed publicly on in 1864 in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Norwegian constitution. Usually only the first and the last two verses are sung. As Bjï¿½rnson wrote in a modified version of the Dano-Norwegian language current in Norway at his time, and written Norwegian has since then been altered in a number of orthographic reforms intended to distinguish it from Danish and bring it closer to spoken Norwegian, the text used today is no longer identical to Bjï¿½rnson's original. Russia The Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii (Государственный гимн Российской Федерации / Hymn of the Russian Federation) national anthem of the Russian Federation. The hymn was adopted in late 2000 by President Vladimir Putin on the occasion of his inauguration. It replaced the The Patriotic Song (Патриотическая Песня; Patriotičeskaja Pesnja), which had been the official anthem since 1991, declared by President Boris Yeltsin.

It is an adaptation of the Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza (Гимн Советского Союза / Hymn of the Soviet Union) which was the national anthem of the USSR from 1944 till 1991. The music, originally composed by Alexander Alexandrov , is still used. The lyrics, written by Sergey Mikhalkov , were revised by the author himself, who had also supplied lyrics for versions of the Soviet anthem in 1944 and 1977. The revised version does not mention Lenin and the "unbreakable union" of te USSR any more, but concentrates on the vastness of the country, which is rich in resources that will be entrusted to future generations. Switzerland The Swiss Psalm (When the morning skies grow red) is the national anthem of Switzerland. Its history dates back to 1841, when the music was composed by Alberich Zwyssig . The German text by Leonhard Widmer r was been translated into all Swiss official languages.

The Romansh version in Ladin is by Gion Antoni Bï¿½hler (1825-1897) and in Sursilvan by Alfons Tuor (1871-1904) from Rabius. Since the 1840s, it has been frequently sung on patriotic events. Neverthteless, The Federal Council for a long time declined to declare the song the official national anthem, arguing that the population of the country should decide what they liked as their hymn. There was another very popular song, Rufst Du mein Vaterland (When you call, my home country; O Monts indï¿½pendants; Ci chiami o patria; E clomas, tger paeis; commonly called Heil dir, Helvetia), which was also very popular. The text had been written by Johann Rudolf Wyss , but the tune was the same as that of God Save the Queen . Consequently, in international contacts and sports events, people often mixed up the UK and Switzerland when they listened to the anthem. Therefore, in 1961 the Federal Council provisionally declared the Swiss Psalm the national anthem.

This decision became official on 1981.

Question: Which country's royal anthem is called 'Kongesangen'?
Answer: Norway