Norfolk Island General Information, Pacific Islands Norfolk Island General Information, Pacific Islands General Info | Weather | Finance | Transport | Visas and Restrictions | Services and Utilities General Information About Norfolk Island First settled by east Polynesian seafarers, Norfolk Island is a small island located in the Pacific Ocean. It is thought the first settlers came from the Kermadec Islands or the North Island of New Zealand. Norfolk Island lies between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia and is considered to be part of the Commonwealth of Australia. In 1979 it was granted limited self government by Australia. Norfolk Island is the only non-mainland Australian territory. The first European to the island was Captain James Cook in 1774. He named the island after Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. Norfolk was later colonised by Britain as part of its settlement in Australia. The island was originally used as a convict settlement until civilians began to take up residence on the island in 1856. The official capital of the island is Kingston and the largest town in Burnt Pine (Burnt Pine is the largest settlement).

The population of Norfolk Island is around 2300 but can reach up to 3500 during peak tourist season. Burnt Pine is home to the main shopping centre, post office, liquor store, telephone exchange and community hall. The evergreen Norfolk pine is the national symbol. It is even featured on the national flag. It is native to the island and is a key export industry for Norfolk. English is spoken on Norfolk Island, but Islanders will sometimes speak a mix of platt Deutsche, 18th Century English and Tahitian. The primary industry on Norfolk Island is tourism though farming and fishing are still very important aspects of island life. Agriculture and produce is all produced locally as the island prohibits the importation of fresh fruit and vegetables. Beef is both locally produced and imported. Norfolk's major natural resource is fish. The government of Norfolk is independent of Australia in most respects except for policing, defence and education. Norfolk Island is a tax free haven of Australia. Important Dates Please note that the dates of public holidays vary from year to year. Flight Times Two airlines have regular flights to Norfolk Island – Norfolk Air and Air New Zealand. Flights depart from Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Newcastle and Auckland.

Norfolk Island is two and a half hours from Sydney and Newcastle, just over two hours from Brisbane and just under two hours from Auckland. Time Differences Fiji is 11.5 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time). Norfolk Island does not observe 'daylight savings'. Shopping Shops are usually open from 9.00am to 5.00pm but most are closed on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons and Sundays. The post office is open from 9.00am to 5.00pm Monday to Friday. Currency used on Norfolk Island is the Australian dollar. Shopping is one of the biggest drawcards for visitors. There is no sales tax on goods and many stores stock a range of international merchandise that cannot easily be found in Australia or New Zealand. The shopping precinct can be found in Burnt Pine, which has more than 70 stores. Many brand-name and designer products can be found at a much lower cost than buying them on the mainland of Australia. Stores stock the usual duty-free goods as well as a range of clothing, shoes, giftware, collectables, toys and more. If you bring your passport and airline ticket you will be entitled to larger discounts on items like alcohol.

Another popular shopping spot is the local Sunday markets. The markets are run in the Bicentennial complex and you will find items such as local artwork, handmade crafts and carvings. Language English is the common language on Norfolk Island but between themselves, the islanders use their own patois – a mixture of platt Deutsch, 18th century English and Tahitian, bought to the island by the Pitcairners. This language is called Norf'k and is now declared an official language and is taught in schools. The language originated from the Bounty mutineers who hid on Pitcairn Island with their Tahitian wives, their descendants later bought the language to Norfolk. The local language is not usually written and there are no formal rules regarding spelling. The first Norfolk dictionary was published in 1986. Culture While there was no "indigenous" culture on Norfolk Island at the time of settlement, the Tahitian influence of the Pitcairn settlers has resulted in some aspects of Polynesian culture being adapted to that of Norfolk, including the hula dance. Local cuisine also shows influences from the same region.

Islanders traditionally spend a lot of time outdoors, with fishing and other aquatic pursuits being common pastimes, an aspect which has become more noticeable as the island becomes more accessible to tourism. Most island families have at least one member involved in primary production in some form. Island dancing, music, singing, basket weaving, and arts and crafts also remain very important elements of the Norfolk Island culture. Norfolk Islanders also have their own unique cuisine with tasty local dishes such as Pilhai (baked kumera, banana or pumpkin), Mudda (banana dumplings), and Hihi Pie (made with periwinkles). Flag The flag of Norfolk Island was adopted on the 17th January 1980. It uses only two colours, green and white and depicts the Norfolk Island pine. The flag has tri band geometry – a vertical green band, vertical white band and another vertical green band. The pine tree is situated on the slightly wider white band. The green colouring stands for the rich vegetation that can be found on the island.

Houses in Norfolk Island Norfolk Island — the "Hell in Paradise" of an 18th-century penal colony Does a tiny Australian island in the South Pacific with evergreen pines, jagged cliffs, pure blue waters, and sandy beaches sound like your idea of paradise? Welcome to Norfolk Island—site of an 18th-century penal colony. Norfolk Island pines. Image credit thinboyfatter Bird Rock (off the north coast). Image credit Steve Daggar Captain Cook Lookout. Image credit Steve Daggar Emily Bay, Norfolk Island. Image credit Steve Daggar A remote island paradise in the South Pacific—looks wonderful, doesn’t it? But it wasn’t so great for the convicts sent here from England in the 18th century. Norfolk Island served as a penal colony from 1788 until 1855. A Brief History of Norfolk Island Penal Colony Captain James Cook was the first European to set foot on Norfolk Island in October 1774, as part of his second voyage to the South Pacific. He named the island after Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (c. 1712 – 1773).

Such were the challenges of receiving news at sea for 18th-century explorers, that at the time Cook named the island after her, the Duchess had been dead for 18 months. Captain James Cook by Nathaniel Dance-Holland. Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk by James Hoare Exactly where is Norfolk Island? Think “remote” and you’ll be close. On a map of the globe, it appears as a tiny speck somewhere east of Australia and northwest of New Zealand. Norfolk Island. Image credit TUBS In 1786, Catherine the Great of Russia announced she was restricting sales of hemp and flax to English buyers. At the time, Britain’s Royal Navy was heavily dependent on flax for making sails, and hemp for ropes—any constraints on their supply threatened Britain’s sea power. In a letter from Comptroller of the Navy Sir Charles Middleton to then Prime Minster William Pitt, he explained, It is for Hemp only we are dependent on Russia. Masts can be procured from Nova Scotia, and Iron in plenty from the Ores of this Country; but it is impracticable to carry on a Naval War without Hemp.

Contains affiliate links The potential to provide an alternative source for hemp and flax is argued by some historians, notably Geoffrey Blainey in Tyranny of Distance , as one of the main reasons Britain used Norfolk Island as a penal colony. Lloyd’s Evening Post ran an article dated 5 October 1787, observing: Should England cease to render her services to the Empress of Russia, in a war against the Turks, there can be little of nothing to fear from her ill-will. England will speedily be enabled to draw from her colonies the staple of Russia—hemp and flax.” Bomboras, Norfolk Island. Image credit Steve Daggar Sir John Call, 1st Baronet (1731 – 1801) was a member of parliament and former chief engineer with the East India Company. Upon learning that flax grew in abundance on Norfolk Island, he proposed that the island be colonized as quickly as possible. send a party to secure Norfolk Island as soon as Circumstances may admit of it…. to prevent its being occupied by the Subjects of any other European Power.

And so on 6 March 1788, colonization of Norfolk Island began with a party of 15 convicts and seven free men. During the first year of the settlement, more convicts and soldiers arrived from Australia. A letter from an Officer of Marines was published in a London newspaper: The island is fully wooded. Its timber is in the opinion of everyone the most beautiful and finest in the world…they are most suitable for masts, yards, spars and such. The New Zealand flax-plant grows there in abundance. European grains and seeds also thrive wonderfully well on Norfolk Island. Norfolk Island jail. Image credit Steve Daggar Norfolk Island was reserved for “the worst description of convicts“, which usually meant anyone convicted twice of a crime—”doubly-convicted capital respites“—or convicts who were sentenced to death for committing fresh colonial crimes, but were spared the gallows in favor of life on Norfolk Island. Norfolk Island gaol. Image credit Steve Daggar In reality, only about 15% of convicts had done anything deserving of the death sentence. Most were guilty of non-violent crimes against property, for which the average sentence was three years.

Even so, treatment of prisoners was harsh. One of the more severe governors, Ralph Darling, commanded that, every man should be worked in irons that the example may deter others from the commission of crime to hold out [Norfolk Island] as a place of the extremest punishment short of death. They worked in the mill, built roads, officers houses, and other government buildings. For the Term of His Natural Life by Marcus Clarke describes Norfolk Island as a “Hell in Paradise.” An 1846 report by magistrate Robert Pringle Stuart exposed the horrors of torture and incessant flogging, the scarcity and poor quality of food, the inadequacy of housing and corruption of overseers. There were several unsuccessful mutinies, all desperate attempts to escape the hardships. On visiting Norfolk Island to comfort mutineers sentenced to execution, Father William Ullathorne, Vicar general of Sydney, remarked: the most heartrending scene that I ever witnessed. A literal fact that each man who heard his reprieve wept bitterly, and that each man who heard of his condemnation to death went down on his knees with dry eyes, and thanked God. An audio-visual historical presentation on the island shows visitors what life was like on an oppressive penal colony.

Sound and Light Show on Norfolk Island telling tales of the convict era. Image credit denisbin Norfolk Island ceased to be a penal colony in May 1855 after the convicts were transferred to Tasmania. Transportation ceased, and it was left abandoned. But a year later in June of 1856, the British government permitted the relocation of the Pitcairners to Norfolk Island. Descendants of the HMS Bounty mutineers—including those of Fletcher Christian—arrived from the Pitcairn Islands to occupy many of the old penal settlements, and continue their lives as farmers and whalers. A gravestone in the cemetery marks the passing of the granddaughter of the famous mutineer Fletcher Christian (who just happened to marry another Fletcher Christian from Pitcairn): In loving memory of Peggy Christian, the loving wife of Fletcher Christian who died on Norfolk Island, May 12, 1884 aged 64. Norfolk Island Cemetery. Image credit Bob Hall The new community of Pitcairners would have appreciated the mutiny attempts of the mistreated convicts, as the 1935 award-winning movie Mutiny on the Bounty , starring a clean-shaven Clark Gable portrayed.

Captain Bligh:Mr Christian, they respect but one law – the law of fear…I expect you to carry out whatever orders I give, whenever I give them. Fletcher Christian: Now you’ve given your last command on this ship. We’ll be men again if we hang for it. Clark Gable as Fletcher Christian in a screenshot from the trailer for the film Mutiny on the Bounty, 1935 The cemetery is full of convicts’ graves and those of the descendants of the “Mutiny on the Bounty” Pitcairners. Norfolk Island Cemetery. Image credit Bob Hall. Today, Norfolk Island is part of the Australian Convict Sites UNESCO World Heritage Site and represents, “… the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts.” The only inhabitants of the jail today are a gaggle of geese. Here they are working the roads in a chain gang. Norfolk Island jail. Image credit Steve Daggar And the only guards left on the island are the “masked boobies”, a gannet-like bird that breeds on tropical islands in the south pacific.

But at 3 ft (91 cm) tall with a 5 ft (160 cm) wingspan, you don’t want to get on the wrong side of these guys. Masked boobies, Norfolk Island. Image credit Steve Daggar Disclosure of Material Connection: Some of the links in the post above are “affiliate links.” This means if you click on the link and purchase the item, I may receive an affiliate commission. I only recommend products or services that I believe will add value to my readers. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255: “Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.” Travel To Norfolk Island - South Pacific Island Travel South Pacific Island Travel FIND HOTELS ON NORFOLK ISLAND GENERAL INFO Norfolk Island is an autonomous external territory of Australia situated 1,412 kilometers east of the coast of New South Wales. The island, which also includes the two tiny uninhabited islands of Philip Island and Nepean Island, covers an area of 34.6 square kilometers and has a population of 2,302 people.

The island's nearest neighbour is the French overseas territory of New Caledonia, nine hundred kilometers to it's north. The island was given it’s name by Captain James Cook, who in 1774, named the island in honour of Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. The island has a facinating history which began in 1786 when the British government colonised the island in order to harvest the island's abundant crop of flax, which was used to make cordage and sailcloth, after their previous supply base in Russia had been severely restricted by Empress Catherine II of Russia. In January 1788, just six weeks after the British had colonised Sydney in Australia, Lieutenant Philip Gadley King and a party of fifteen convicts and six free men set up a penal colony on the island at what is now known as Port Jackson.

The island was eventaully abandoned between 1814 and 1825, with all the convicts being taken to Tasmania, owing to logistical problems due to the island's isolation, but a second penal colony was re-established there in 1847 for the incarceration of prisoners whose heinous crimes had warranted the death penalty, but for what ever reason had had their execution reprieved. In 1856 the island was settled by descendents of Fletcher Christian, John Adams, Ned Young and Mathew Quantrell, former mutineers on HMAV Bounty, who had previously settled on Pitcairn Island in 1790. In 1845 a severe cyclone had damaged crops and caused massive landslides along the coast of Pitcairn, leaving a scarcity of crops and locals unable to fish, resulting in famine across the island.The island was also becoming increasingly over populated, leading to island elders writing to Queen Victoria imploring her to help them. Surprisingly she did, by offering them Norfolk Island, along with free transportation aboard the sloop HMS Morayshire, in order to transport them and their possessions over there.

On the third of May 1856 the entire population of Pitcairn Island made the 5,954 km journey to Norfolk Island arriving there on the eighth of June, where they were put up in the penal buildings until their accommodation could be built. However, by 1858 sixteen of the former Pitcairn Islanders had returned to their homeland, followed in 1863 by another twenty seven. Today the buildings which formed part of the penal colony and the Pitcairn Islanders homes, still stand and are used as the territory’s governmental buildings.These buildings are of substanial cultural importance resulting in them being designated as the Kingston and Arthurs Vale Historic Centre. Norfolk Island, along with neighbouring Philip Island, is also the home of the Norfolk Island National Park, owing to it's fifty one endemic species of plants, one of which is the stately Norfolk Island Pine and another is the Norfolk Island Fern which is the tallest growing tree fern in the world. The two uninhabited islands are renowned for their large sea bird populations. The island's predominant religion is Christianity.

The official language of Norfolk Island is English although the locals speak a creole language called Norfolk which is a mix of seventeenth century English and Tahitian. The currency used on Norfolk Island is the Australian Dollar. Norfolk Island is located on time zone UTC + 11.30. LOCAL TRAVEL Norfolk Island is served by six paved roadways which between them access most of the island. There are no ports or docks on the island although there are two loading jetties located at Kingston and Cascades. The island is served by one airport the Norfolk Island International Airport, which receives international flights from Auckland in New Zealand and Brisbane and Sydney in Australia and several light aircraft which regularly use the airport as a refuelling stop. There are no bus services on the island and only one taxi company although car hire is plentiful. Traffic on Norfolk Island drives on the left hand side of the road and the speed limit is 50 km/h and 30 km/h near schools. KINGSTON The capital of Norfolk island is Kingston although the town is really just home to the island’s governmental buildings and the former penal colony on Quality Row which is now known as the Kingston and Arthurs Vale Historic Centre.

There is a small jetty and a beach located on Sydney Bay located just in front of the historic centre and the Kingston Lagoon and Reef, the Kingston Swamp, the island’s only river the Watermill Creek and the Norfolk Island Golf Course are also located in and around Kingston. LOCAL ATTRACTIONS Just outside Kingston are where the island’s finest beaches and harbours can be found such as Emily Bay, Slaughter Bay and Cemetery Bay. The island’s largest community is Burnt Pine where the majority of the island’s shops, bars and restaurants can be found. The island as a whole has a beautiful interior landscape of hills and vales which are home to several endemic plants, some stunning rocky coves and some beautiful beaches along it's coastline. The island is also home to the 6.50 square kilometer Norfolk Island National Park and Botanic Garden which includes the island’s highest point Mount Bates and a host of endemic plant life which includes several stately Norfolk Island Pines. There are several activities found on the island including fishing, hiking, horse riding, wind surfing, scuba diving, golf and visiting the former penal colony. There is a variety of visitor accommodation located on the island which includes holiday cottages, villas, apartments and seven resort hotels.

WEATHER / NATURAL PHENOMENA Norfolk island has a mild climate with temperatures reaching no lower than 10c and no higher than 29c. The island’s lush vegetation is provided by the island’s wet season between April and August although it does tend to rain throughout the whole of the year. Norfolk Island by Roderick Eime - issuu issuu ISSUE 38 OCTOBER - NOVEMBER 2015 Let’s Travel THE MAGAZINE FOR CORPORATE AND LEISURE TRAVELLERS NORFOLK ISLAND Revisited THE MAGAZINE FOR CORPORATE AND LEISURE TRAVELLERS Bonjour AKAROA TAIWAN Treasures Gold Country CALIFORNIA 9 58 Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island 59 19th century: Early history N orfolk Island was first settled by East Polynesian seafarers either from the Kermadec Islands north of New Zealand or from the North Island of New Zealand itself. They arrived in the thirteenth or fourteenth century, and survived for several generations before disappearing.

The first European known to have sighted the island was Captain James Cook, in 1774, on his second voyage to the South Pacific on the HMS Resolution. He named it after Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (c 1712 – 1773). Sir John Call argued the advantages of Norfolk Island in that it was uninhabited and that New Zealand flax grew there. In 1786 the British government included Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, as proposed by John Call, in its plan for colonisation of New South Wales. The decision to settle Norfolk Island was taken due to Empress Catherine II of Russia’s decision to restrict sales of hemp. Practically all the hemp and flax required by the Royal Navy for cordage and sailcloth was imported from Russia. When the First fleet arrived at Port Jackson in January 1788, Governor Arthur Phillip ordered Lieutenant Philip Gidley King to lead a party of 15 convicts and seven free men to take control of Norfolk Island and prepare for its commercial development. They arrived on the 6th March 1788.

During the first year of the settlement, which was also called “Sydney” like its parent, more convicts and soldiers were sent to the island from New South Wales. 60 Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island As early as 1794, Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose suggested its closure as a penal settlement, as it was too remote and difficult for shipping and too costly to maintain. The first group of people left in February 1805, and by 1808 only about 200 remained, forming a small settlement until the remnants were removed in 1813. A small party remained to slaughter stock and destroy all the buildings, so that there would be no inducement for anyone, especially from other European powers, to visit and lay claim to the place. From the 15th February 1814 to the 6th June 1825 the island was completely abandoned. In 1824 the British government instructed the then Governor of New South Wales, Thomas Brisbane, to occupy Norfolk Island as a place to send “the worst description of convicts”.

Its remoteness, previously seen as a disadvantage, was now viewed as an asset for the detention of recalcitrant male prisoners. The convicts detained have long been assumed to be a hardcore of recidivists, or ‘doubly-convicted capital respites’ – that is, men transported to Australia who committed fresh colonial crimes for which they were sentenced to death, and were spared the gallows on condition of life at Norfolk Island. However, a recent study has demonstrated, utilising a database of 6,458 Norfolk Island convicts, that the reality was somewhat different: more than half were detained on Norfolk Island without ever receiving a colonial conviction, and only 15% had been reprieved from a death sentence. Perched between Sea and Sky Premium accommodation in our Oceanfront Cottages. Set across sixteen sub-tropical acres this parkland estate is nestled on the cliffs edge overlooking Cascade Bay with views of Bird and Elephant Rock. Our cottages are self -contained, self catering and fully serviced; our focus is to provide a serene, tranquil and relaxed environment where guests’ can maximise their holiday experience.

Forrester Court is the perfect backdrop to begin exploring Norfolk’s countless activities in the islands pristine marine playground, lush hinterlands, tranquil beaches and rich historical tapestry. Renowned for genuine hospitality and impeccable service. Hosts Brad and Ariane invite you to experience their iconic Norfolk Island lifestyle. Appetising upgrade Stay 7 nights and receive free In-house dining experience with personal chef, delight in a 3 course menu created for you, served in the comfort of your cottage or alfresco on your deck with that unforgettable view. CODE: DINING Forrester Court Clifftop Cottages P.O Box 496 Norfolk Island 2899 P: + 672322838 E: af@norfolk.nf Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island 61 A rolling Foodie festival By Roderick Eime (with additional contributions by Winsor Dobbin) the island. In 1920 the Mission was relocated from Norfolk Island to the Solomon Islands to be closer to the population of focus. Post-nineteenth century: Furthermore, the overwhelming majority of convicts sent to Norfolk Island had committed non-violent property sentences, and the average length of detention was three years.

The second penal settlement began to be wound down by the British government after 1847, and the last convicts were removed to Tasmania in May 1855. The island was abandoned (again) because transportation from the United Kingdom to Van Diemen’s Land had ceased in 1853, to be replaced by penal servitude in the UK instead. On the 8th June 1856, the next, and probably most (in)famous settlement began on Norfolk Island. These were the descendants of Tahitians and the HMS Bounty mutineers, including those of Fletcher Christian. They resettled from Pitcairn Island, which had become too small for their growing population. They left Pitcairn on the 3rd May 1856 and arrived with 194 persons on the 8th June. The Pitcairners occupied many of the buildings remaining from the penal settlements, and gradually established traditional farming and whaling industries on the island. Although some families decided to return to Pitcairn in 1858 and 1863, the island’s population continued to grow. They accepted additional settlers, who often arrived with whaling fleets.

In 1867, the headquarters of the Melanesian Mission of the Church of England was established on 62 Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island After the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, Norfolk Island was placed under the authority of the new Commonwealth government to be administered as an external territory. During World War II, the island became a key airbase and refuelling depot between Australia and New Zealand, and New Zealand and the Solomon Islands. Since Norfolk Island fell within New Zealand’s area of responsibility it was garrisoned by a New Zealand Army unit known as N Force, at a large camp, which had the capacity to house a 1,500 strong force. The island proved too remote to come under attack during the war and N Force left the island in February 1944. In 1979, Norfolk was granted limited self-government by Australia, under which the island elects a government that runs most of the island’s affairs. In 2006, a formal review process took place, in which the Australian government considered revising this model of government.

The review was completed on the 20th December 2006, when it was decided that there would be no changes in the governance of Norfolk Island. Kingston aerial view T here are no chain hotels, global fast-food restaurants, public transport or traffic lights – and only one roundabout. In days gone by, the attractions of Norfolk Island may have been more pedestrian. Simple sight-seeing and shopping tours for the grey-rinse set were all the rage. But now, this boutique destination is taking on a whole new persona thanks to its wholesome, free-range and organic approach to food. Not that it ever was a grand plan. It’s just the way it’s always been done on this remote and isolated island with geology much like New Zealand, complete with rich and fertile volcanic soil that can grow pretty much anything. Because it is never cold here, tropical fruits like bananas and guavas thrive. There are small farmers’ markets selling fresh local produce, several very good restaurants with a local focus, a winery – and even a local liqueur producer. Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island 63 Wild mushrooms are keenly sought after by foragers.

The markets are held on Saturday mornings next to the Visitor Information Centre – just half a dozen stalls with fresh fruits, vegetables and dishes made using local Norfolk Island Blue beef. On Sundays there is an arts and crafts market – the ideal place to pick up a local memento or two. The best restaurants include casual Dino’s at Bomboras (where the pizzas are excellent), Norfolk Island Blue, where the focus is on beef grown on the owners’ farm, and the excellent Hilli Restaurant and Wine Bar, where you can eat indoors or al fresco. The Rock is a very good steak and seafood restaurant, while La Perouse serves French-accented cuisine and Bailey’s features terrific lunch specials. Good local lunch spots include The Olive Cafe, the bustling Golden Orb (which is also a bookshop and is set in a sub-tropical garden) and Sublime Cafe. Make sure to sample locally produced cheese from the Christian Bothers (yes, that really is their name). John Christian’s specialty is block feta rolled in semolina and cooked in a pan with whole olives and slivered almonds, then drizzled with local honey and lemon juice while still in the pan.

Another dining hot spot is The Blue Bull Cafe Restaurant, baby brother to the award-winning Norfolk Blue Restaurant. And yes, Norfolk Blue is a thing. This unusual breed is a result of Belgian cattle stock imported in the 1850s, which has now developed into Norfolk’s signature breed of which there are about 1,000 head on the island. About 350 roam free along the roadways, while another 600 odd are on private land - about 50 each year are ‘processed’ for local consumption. Located in the heart of Burnt Pine township and featuring Norfolk Blue beef on its menu, this new licensed eatery specialises in all things fresh and local. Foodies are also well catered for with the Norfolk Island Blue beef, boutique cheeses from the Christian Brothers and a cooking school at Mastering Taste Chef School and Garden Tour, where students can “This is Norfolk’s staple fish,” says Gil, “it pretty much feeds the island. But in the last few years we’ve been trying out more deep sea techniques and locations.” The rest of the fish we catch are either rock or tomato cod, but these are back over the side after I have a quick lesson in fish identification.

With some of these locations, especially the deeper ones, you can find the game fish, which the boys can help you catch on one of their full day game or sports charters. “.... bigger stuff like snapper, trevally, kingfish, large bass, mahi mahi, yellowfin tuna and marlin.” Gil assures me. “The kingfish are a real treat, and we’re catching more of them now with our new techniques.” Looking at Gil’s electronic fishfinder, he has hundreds of spots marked all around the bottom half of the island, and we progress from one to the next reeling in decent sized fish with unerring regularity. Family walking in national parks pick many of the ingredients from the potager. Also check out the tasting rooms at Norfolk Island Liqueurs, where local fruits are used in products made in a German still; including macadamia nut, guava and banana liqueurs, beautifully presented and absolutely delicious. Also make time to visit the Anson Bay coffee plantation of Fred Wong, who also offers tastings and tours. Norfolk Island may not be the best place to start your diet, but it’s a fabulous cavalcade of healthy eating nonetheless.

Fishing: Take it from me, one of the world’s all-time worst fishermen, if you can’t catch a fish on Norfolk Island, then you’re really in trouble. After launching the little 7m 64 Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island twin-hull runabout in the usual ceremony at the communal crane on the Kingston (southern) pier, we’re into the rich fishing grounds just a few minutes to the south and southwest of the island proper. My ‘fisho’ hosts for the day are the tearaway brothers, Gilbert and Troy Jackson who run Jackson’s Fishing Charters. Gil and Troy also supply many of the shops and restaurants around town with their prize catch, most of the time comprising the abundant ‘trumpeter’, known in other parts as ‘sweetlip’ or ‘redthroat emperor’ but identified as Lethrinus miniatus in the science books. This fish can be kept at lengths above 38cm, but double that size is not uncommon. Believe me, you know when you’re trying to haul in a 4kg fish that has no intention of giving up without a fight.

The bin is nearly full in a couple of hours and that’s our limit for the day under the island’s self-regulatory code – a code that clearly works, because there is no shortage of fish. I’m promised crumbed fillet and fries for dinner. Below the waves: On my previous trip to Norfolk Island four years ago, I scuba dived with a local operator who has since wound back activities. But on further enquiry, I learn that the equipment is still on the island and there are opportunities for scuba divers as long as they notify the tourism office in advance. The location provides some of the clearest water anywhere you will find thanks to the Norfolk Islanders’ clean habits and the lack of river runoff. Divers can explore complex underwater rock formations teeming with fish and quite often observe large pelagic fish and even sharks. Don’t worry though Norfolk Island has yet to experience their first shark attack. Colleen McCullough’s House: There’s a faint waft of tobacco smoke drifting in from the back room as we’re greeted at the entrance to this most significant home on Norfolk Island. It’s both enchanting and a little bit spooky to think her powerful character still permeates the halls and corridors.

The former residence of this acclaimed author, neuroscientist and larger-than-life personality has been something of a secret until the passing of the great lady in January of this year. Her partner, Ric Robinson, made the decision to allow visitors into the ground floor of the home where McCullough’s office and library are housed as well as the kitchen and lavishly decorated living areas that hark to a time of outrageous psychedelia. The tours are organised by Les Quintal, also our driver and manager for Baunti Escapes, who have the exclusive right to conduct these tours. Bringing history to life... ...At the Norfolk Island Museum Located in World Heritage Listed Kingston Our Museum Pass includes multiple entries to all four museums as well as two guided tours & morning tea. Adults: $25. School age children free. The Trial of the Fifteen An historical drama performed every Wednesday at the Ferny Lane Theatre. Adults: $25. Children under 12: $12.50 For Whom the Bell Tolls Cemetery Tour. Tuesday & Friday. Adults: $20 or $15 when purchased with a museum pass.

School age children: free with adult Tickets & Bookings: For bookings please phone us on +(6723) 23788 or +(6723) 23088 or email info@museums.gov.nf Like us on Facebook! Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island 65 Les was one of McCullough’s closer friends, helping her build and extend some of the residence. Meeting us in the foyer is Rebecca, perhaps the last remaining member of McCullough’s staff, who tended her in the final years. Apart from the eye-assaulting décor that spoke volumes for McCullough’s extreme individualism, it’s the untold stories that taunt us. Clearly this unofficial monarch of Norfolk Island possessed a forthright character that left a lasting impression on everyone, meek and mighty, who she came in contact with. We gawk shamelessly at the outrageous Florence Broadhurst wallpaper and the Cherry Phillips glasswork. Phillips also worked on designs for Parliament House, Canberra, while Broadhurst’s own mysterious life and demise only adds mystique to the already expressive walls. Dinner parties with the wealthy and influential friends like Francis Ford Coppola and the Duke of Norfolk, would have been quite an occasion.

But even as the raucous banter was reaching a crescendo, and McCullough had had enough, she would unashamedly announce, “Thanks everyone, it’s f..k off time” and she would promptly exit to begin her nightly writing routine. One of the highlights is certainly McCullough’s ‘scriptorium’, where the well-worn IBM golfball typewriter sits in pride of place, surrounded by her personal minutiae, ubiquitous ashtray and many writing aids. The adjourning door leads to a small but densely packed library, full of resource material and many rare and valuable volumes. The temptation to take photos is overwhelming, but alas, we are not permitted to take pictures inside the house, instead we are obliged to consume the surroundings in our mental repository. Rebecca leads us through the meticulous kitchen where everything was over-organised and labelled as any self-respecting scientist would have it. McCullough was notoriously pedantic about food preparation and her prescriptive diet which contained “not a lot of greenery”. Even without photos, you are left with a distinct and permanent insight into the character of this formidable woman who adorned her living areas with paintings and art of whatever the heck pleased her.

Whether it was the generously proportioned physique of the subject supposed to have inspired ‘Tim’ or the somewhat immodestly posed damsel, euphemistically dubbed, “Miss Pussy”. Success, according to McCullough, was the ability to “tell anyone in the world to get stuffed”. Shopping: It’s true, the shopping attraction of Norfolk island is not what it used to be but some features of the retail experience remain mainly due to the absence of Australian Government taxes and duties applied on the mainland, making Norfolk Island something of a tax free haven. Browse a decent range of alcoholic beverages, including wines, spirits and liqueurs, many of them produced locally on the island from natural products. Visit the Island’s Liquor Bond situated near the Post Office on Taylors Road in Burnt Pine’s town centre. Many items, attracting discounts of 30%, are offered to visitors, so be sure to take your passport and air ticket. The Liquor Bond is open Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday from 9.30 am to 5.30 pm. Wednesday and Saturday from 9.30 am to 1pm.

More than 70 specialty shops on Norfolk sell a diverse range of quality merchandise such as shoes, clothes, jewellery, apparel, sporting goods and toys. One of the more quirky items you can seek out on Norfolk is Lego. For many years, the outlet in Burnt Pine’s central shopping district and out near the botanic garden have had a disproportionate abundance of the colourful little building bricks. Even though sales volumes may have fallen, the proprietors have maintained a lasting relationship with the Lego factory, enabling them to more than compete with any newcomers. Accommodation: Tintoela is Norfolk Island’s boutique luxury retreat. The island-style homestead and two cottages each offer world-class design, craftsmanship and story-book ocean views. Located just five minutes from town, stunning beaches and myriad of walking trails, it unfolds across four acres of manicured hilltop. Bright and sophisticated, when combined with breathtaking ocean views and lush fruit filled gardens, Tintoela truly becomes the most serene refuge you can imagine. Ideal for a couple on a romantic getaway or a pair of friends looking to catch up, Kushu Cottage is a delightful one bedroom.

Though the ocean beckons from every room, it is often the private patio, surrounded by tropical gardens and ocean beyond that leaves you feeling you’ve found your own private paradise. Tintoela, meaning “sweet heart” in the Norfolk language, has long been the destination of choice for honeymooners and romantics alike. Beach-house beautiful is Hilli Cottage in a nutshell. The bright, open plan, high ceilinged two-bedroom is a haven for small families or groups of friends. Gabled windows reveal glimpses of young Norfolk Island pines shooting for the skies. facts: Air New Zealand operates direct flights to Norfolk Island from Auckland, Brisbane and Sydney Airports. Norfolk Island offers an array of fascinating activities and adventures in a beautiful setting. Lush gardens of native plants frame the cottage yet it is the view, majestically suspended in front, that will surely take your breath away. Hunky’s Homestead blends the best of Norfolk Island architecture with the subtle elegance of sophisticated living, offering stunning views from every window and from the 360° degree verandah.

Ideally suited to large families or groups of friends, the six-bedroom Homestead is the most spacious accommodation on Norfolk, perfect for spending holiday time together while still ensuring you can always find your moment of serenity. Packages available for an island wedding, family reunion, yoga retreat or conference. So put your feet up on your private verandah and allow the beautiful ocean breeze to cleanse your soul. You’ve arrived in paradise for a holiday you will never forget!

Emily Bay from Lone Pine 66 Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island Pacific Islands, Norfolk Island 67 Your gateway to fiji and beyond WELLINGTON • Golf Classic PRO-AM • Triples Bowls Tournament • Red Hatters Gathering • Scrabble Festival • Theatre Festival Thanksgiving Day Photography Workshop Governor's Cup Tournament Norfolk Island Food Festival • Norfolk Island Jazzes it Up • Christmas Pageant • Pistol Shoot Tournament Direct flights to Fiji from 3 gateways in New Zealand: Auckland to Nadi Daily / Auckland to Suva Fridays and Mondays Wellington to Nadi twice weekly from 25 June 2015, Thursdays and Sundays Christchurch to Nadi twice weekly from 23 June 2015, Tuesdays and Saturdays For more information call 0800 800 178 or visit FIJIAIRWAYS.COM Follow us on Facebook Prices are per person twin. Subject to availability. Valid for travel 1 June - 30 Sep 15. Car hire: includes comprehensive vehicle insurance fee. Information correct at time of printing. New bookings only. P.O Box 211, Norfolk Island, 2899.

South Pacific p + 6723 23310 f + 6723 22708 freecall (Aust): 1800 214 603 freecall (NZ): 0800 NORFOLK WelcoMe tO oUr Home » POP Cultures: Norfolk Island POP Cultures: Norfolk Island Indigenous Peoples: A mixture of Pitcairn descendants, Australians and New Zealanders Official Languages: Norfuk (also spelled Norfolk or Norf’k), English Political Status: External Territory of the Commonwealth of Australia Capital: Kingston Population: 2,210 (2014 est.) Greeting: Wataweih History and geography Kingston, Norfolk Island, c. 1884-1917. Photo from Tyrrell Photographic Collection, Powerhouse Museum, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Originally, Norfolk was settled (perhaps only seasonally) by East Polynesians some 1,000 years ago. The fact that no human remains from this period have ever come to light may indicate that the people came and went without making permanent habitation settlements on Norfolk.

Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island, along with two neighboring islands, makes up one of Australia’s external territories. The territory encompasses an area of 34.6 sq km (13.4 sq mi), with no large interior bodies of water, and 32 km (20 mi) of coastline. The terrain is volcanic with rolling plains. The majority of the terrain is suitable for farming and other agricultural uses. The island’s climate is subtropical and mild, with little seasonal temperature variation. Occasional typhoons may occur, especially between the months of May and July. The evergreen Norfolk Island pine is a symbol of the island and is pictured on its flag. The pine, native to the island, is a key export and a popular ornamental tree on mainland Australia–where two related species grow–and also worldwide. The first European known to have sighted and landed on the island was Captain James Cook in 1774, on his second voyage to the South Pacific on the vessel HMS Resolution. He named it after Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk.

Norfolk Island was colonized by Great Britain as part of its settlement of Australia in 1788, mostly as an effort to keep other European powers, particularly France, but colonizing the area. The first settlers were six women convicts “whose characters stood fairest,” nine male convicts, and eight free men. It was hoped these individuals would create a community that could produce masts and sails with the available pine trees and flax, as well as produce food for the barren settlement Australia. The island served as a convict penal settlement until May 1855, except for an 11-year hiatus between 1814 and 1825, when it was abandoned because of bad working conditions and starvation. The prisoners were sent to Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania). The most important catalyst of today’s Norfolk Island culture is the infamous mutiny on the British ship HMS Bounty. The mutineers and their Polynesian companions found Pitcairn Island, and there, a unique culture was born.

Years later, in 1856, the entire Pitcairn community of 194 people arrived upon Kingston pier on Norfolk Island to greet their new home – a home where their descendants still live today. The Pitcairners occupied many of the buildings remaining from the penal settlements, and gradually established traditional farming and whaling industries on the island. Although some families decided to return to Pitcairn in 1858 and 1863, Norfolk Island’s population continued to grow. They accepted additional settlers, who often arrived with whaling fleets. Subsistence farming was the main economic resource, with whaling taking over in the 1840s. In 1901, the island became a part of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Melanesian Mission worked in the island for 50 years, and set up the Church of St. Barnabas, which remained after the mission closed down in 1920. During World War II, an airstrip was built, which eventually allowed for the opportunity to start a tourism industry.

The language widely spoken, Norfuk, is a blend of 18th-century English and ancient Tahitian, originally introduced by Pitkern-speaking settlers from the Pitcairn Islands. Although its use has diminished, it was recognized by UNESCO as an endangered language. However, there are efforts to keep the language alive through community programming. Today, Norfolk Island is a self-governing territory administered from Canberra. In 2008, the Council of Elders, the original from which the island’s community political system evolved, was re-established with the goal of protecting, preserving and promoting the identity, values welfare and well-being of the community and its unique cultural knowledge and expression. Tourism is the primary economic activity. As Norfolk Island prohibits the importation of fresh fruit and vegetables, produce is grown locally. About 25% of the island is used for farming. In 2015, a company in Norfolk Island was granted a license to export medicinal cannabis. The medicinal cannabis industry has been viewed by some as a means of reinvigorating the economy of Norfolk Island. However, it remains to be seen how this may be affected by recent reforms to the legislative decision-making processes of the island.

Arts and culture Norfolk Island hats. Photo from the Norfolk Island Visitors. Ethnically, most Norfolk Islanders are Australian, followed by New Zealander, and then a small percentage of Fijian, Filipino and English. Most residents are Christian. Some Tahitian traditions were passed on, including hula and some dance forms. Traditional handicraft production also persists, such as weaving. Artists abound on Norfolk Island – painters, potters, poets, actors, musician, sculptors, quilters, and artisans of every nature, and Norfolk artists continue to participate in the Festival of Pacific Arts with other island nations and states.

Helpful POP Culture section links: People of Pacific Cultures (POP Cultures), the main page click here>>> POP Cultures: People of Melanesia click here>>> POP Cultures: People of Micronesia click here>>> Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Local Flag Adopted 17 Jan 1980 (30 May 1979/18 Jun 2015) Capital: Kingston National Holiday: 26 Jan (1788) Australia Day Local Holidays: 8 Jun (1856) Bounty Anniversary Day Ethnic groups: Australian 79.5%, New Zealander 13.3%, Fijian 2.5%, Filipino 1.1%, English 1%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.8% (2011) Total Police Force: 13 (2002) Defense is the Responsibility of Australia Merchant marine: None (2016) Religions: Protestant 49.6% (Anglican 31.8%, Uniting Church in Australia 10.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.2%), Roman Catholic 11.7%, other 8.6%,

 none 23.5%, unspecified 6.6% (2011) 10 Oct 1774 Re-discovered by Cdr.

James Cook on HMS Resolution, and named Norfolk Isle for Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. 6 Mar 1788 U.K. penal station is established on Norfolk Isle, 6 Mar 1788 - 28 Sep 1844 Administered as part of New South Wales . 28 Feb 1814 - 6 Jun 1825 Abandoned. 29 Sep 1844 - 31 Oct 1856 Part of Van Diemen's Land ( Tasmania ). 5 May 1855 Penal station definitely closed, with Norfolk to be resettled from Pitcairn. 8 Jun 1856 194 Pitcairn islanders resettled on Norfolk. 1 Nov 1856 Separate territory; Governor of New South Wales to be Governor of Norfolk. 30 Oct 1857 - 1897 Executive Government vested in a Chief Magistrate, to be elected annually. 19 Mar 1897 Affairs of Norfolk Island to be administered by Governor of New South Wales. 3 Jul 1903 Council of Elders reorganized as elective Executive Council.

19 Dec 1913 Norfolk accepted as a territory of Australia (by Norfolk Island Act 1913), effective 1 Jul 1914. 1 Jul 1914 Norfolk placed under the authority of Australia as Norfolk Island. 21 Jun 1935 Executive Council replaced by an Advisory Council for Norfolk Island. 7 Apr 1960 Advisory Council reorganized as the Norfolk Island Council. 7 Aug 1979 Autonomous (administration re-organized and the Executive Council is re-established). 11 Dec 2010 Office of Chief Minister formalized. 8 May 2015 Referendum 68% vote to freely determine political status of the island (not recognized by Australia) 18 Jun 2015 Autonomy abolished, administration reorganized. 1 Jul 2016 New South Wales law made applicable, but in reference to responsible Australian Minister, not New South Wales Minister/Government. 6 Mar 1788 - 24 Mar 1790 Philip Gidley King (1st time) (b. 1758 - d.

1808) 24 Mar 1790 - 4 Nov 1791 Robert Ross (acting) (b. 1740? - d. 1794) 4 Nov 1791 - 22 Oct 1796 Philip Gidley King (2nd time) (s.a.) 22 Oct 1796 - 12 Nov 1799 John Townson (acting) (b. 1759 - d. 1835) 12 Nov 1799 - 26 Jul 1800 Thomas Rowley (acting) (b. 1747 - d. 1806) 26 Jul 1800 - 9 Sep 1804 Joseph Foveaux (b. 1767 - d. 1846) 29 Sep 1803 - 15 Jan 1804 .... (acting for Foveaux) Commandants 9 Sep 1804 - 10 Apr 1810 John Piper (b. 1773 - d.

1851) 25 Jan 1810 - 18 Feb 1813 Tankerville Alexander Crane (b. 17.. - d. 1815) 18 Feb 1813 - 28 Feb 1814 William Hutchinson (acting) (b. 1772 - d. 1846) 28 Feb 1814 - 6 Jun 1825 Vacant 6 Jun 1825 - 17 Mar 1826 Richard Turton (b. 1786? - d. 1835) 17 Mar 1826 - 19 Aug 1827 Vance Young Donaldson (b. 1791 - d. 1861) 19 Aug 1827 - 26 Nov 1828 Thomas Wright (b. 1794 - d. 1864) 26 Nov 1828 - 17 Feb 1829 Robert Hunt (b. 178. - d.

185.) 17 Feb 1829 - 29 Jun 1829 Joseph Wakefield (b. 179. - d. 1840) 29 Jun 1829 - 17 Apr 1834 James Thomas Morisset (b. 1780 - d. 1852) 1 Jan 1834 - 14 Apr 1834 Foster Fyans (acting) (b. 1790 - d. 1870) 17 Apr 1834 - 3 Apr 1839 Joseph Anderson (b. 1790 - d. 1877) 3 Apr 1839 - Nov 1839 Thomas Bunbury (b. 1791 - d. 1862) Nov 1839 - 28 Mar 1840 Thomas Ryan (b. c.1790 - d. 1846) Superintendents 28 Mar 1840 - 7 Feb 1844 Alexander Maconochie (b.

1787 - d. 1860) 7 Feb 1844 - 5 Aug 1846 Joseph Childs (b. 1786 - d. 1870) 6 Aug 1846 - 18 Jan 1853 John Giles Price (b. 1808 - d. 1857) 18 Jan 1853 - Sep 1853 Rupert Barber Deering (b. 1816 - d. 1891) Sep 1853 - 5 May 1855 Henry James Day (b. 1803 - d. 1882?) 5 May 1855 - 8 Jun 1856 Thomas Samuel Stewart (acting) (b. 1818 - d. 1892) Governors 31 Oct 1856 - 30 Jun 1914 the governors of New South Wales Chief Magistrates 8 Jun 1856 - 31 Dec 1857 George Martin Frederick Young (b. 1822 - d.

1899) (1st time) 1 Jan 1858 - 31 Dec 1858 Isaac Christian (b. 1825 - d. 1877) 1 Jan 1859 - 31 Dec 1859 George Martin Frederick Young (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Jan 1860 - 31 Dec 1861 Thomas Buffett (b. 1825 - d. 1900) 1 Jan 1862 - 31 Dec 1865 Arthur Quintal II (1st time) (b. 1816 - d. 1902) 1 Jan 1866 - 31 Dec 1866 William Quintal (1st time) (b. 1817 - d. 1905) 1 Jan 1867 - 31 Dec 1870 John Buffett (1st time) (b. 1826 - d.

1906) 1 Jan 1871 - 31 Dec 1871 David Buffett (b. 1826 - d. 1924) 1 Jan 1872 - 31 Dec 1873 William Quintal (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1874 - 31 Dec 1875 Fletcher Christian Nobbs (b. 1833 - d. 1912) 1 Jan 1876 - 31 Dec 1880 Francis Mason Nobbs (1st time) (b. 1835 - d.

1909) 1 Jan 1881 - 31 Dec 1882 John Buffett (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1883 - 31 Dec 1884 Francis Mason Nobbs (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1885 - 31 Dec 1885 Arthur Quintal II (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1886 - 31 Dec 1887 Stephen Christian (1st time) (b. 1843 - d. 1918) 1 Jan 1888 - 31 Dec 1888 Henry Seymour Buffett (b. 1847 - d. 1931) 1 Jan 1889 - 31 Dec 1890 Stephen Christian (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1891 - 31 Dec 1892 Byron Stanley Mitchell Adams (b. 1847 - d.

1902) (1st time) 1 Jan 1893 - 31 Dec 1893 Stephen Christian (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1894 - 31 Dec 1894 Francis Mason Nobbs (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1895 - 14 Nov 1896 Byron Stanley Mitchell Adams (s.a.) (2nd time) 14 Nov 1896 - Dec 1898 Warner Wright Spalding (b. 1844 - d. 1920) Dec 1898 - 8 Apr 1899 Peter Herbert Metcalfe (1st time) (b. 1854 - d. 1913) (acting) 8 Apr 1899 - Jul 1903 Charles McArthur King (b. 1824 - d.

1903) Jul 1903 - 10 Mar 1904 Peter Herbert Metcalfe (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 10 Mar 1904 - 7 Mar 1907 Walton Drake (b. 1850 - d. 1940) 1 Feb 1907 - 9 Sep 1913 Charles Sinclair Elliot (b. 1853 - d. 1915) Administrator and Chief Magistrate 9 Sep 1913 - 30 Jun 1914 Michael Vincent Murphy (b. 1859 - d. 1935) Administrators 1 Jul 1914 - Feb 1920 Michael Vincent Murphy (1st time) (s.a.) Feb 1920 - 31 Aug 1920 Alexander Stoney Patton (acting) (b. 1862 - d. 1940) 1 Sep 1920 - 30 Apr 1924 John William Parnell (b. 1860 - d.

1931) Jan 1924 - 30 Jun 1924 .... (acting [for Parnell to 30 Apr 1924]) Administrators and Chief Magistrates 1 Jul 1924 - 24 Jul 1926 Edwin Thomas Leane (b. 1867 - d. 1928) 24 Jul 1926 - 12 Aug 1926 Henry Stephenson Edgar (1st time) (b. 1848? - d. 1937) (acting) 12 Aug 1926 - 31 Jan 1927 Michael Vincent Murphy (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 1 Feb 1927 - 25 Jan 1928 Victor Conradsdorf Morisset (b. 1866 - d.

1928) Sellheim 25 Jan 1928 - 6 Jun 1928 Henry Stephenson Edgar (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 6 Jun 1928 - 13 Dec 1928 Charles Edward Herbert (b. 1860 - d. 1929) 13 Dec 1928 - 30 Apr 1929 Henry Stephenson Edgar (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting) 1 May 1929 - 30 Jun 1932 Alfred Joshua Bennett (b. 1865 - d. 1946) 1 Jul 1932 - 24 Dec 1936 Charles Robert Pinney (b. 1883 - d. 1945) Administrators 24 Dec 1936 - 4 Nov 1937 Charles Robert Pinney (s.a.) 4 Nov 1937 - 31 Dec 1945 Sir Charles Rosenthal (b. 1875 - d.

1954) 1 Jan 1946 - 31 Dec 1952 Alexander Wilson (b. 1889 - d. 1954) 1 Jan 1953 - 30 Apr 1958 Colin Hugh Boyd Norman (b. 1904 - d. 1996) 1 May 1958 - 30 Apr 1962 Reginald Sylvester Leydin (b. 1905 - d. 199.) 23 Sep 1961 - 21 Oct 1961 Frederick William McConaghy (b. 1919 - d. 19..) (acting for Leydin) 1 May 1962 - 8 Jun 1962 Frederick William McConaghy (s.a.) (acting) 9 Jun 1962 - 15 Aug 1964 Robert Hurley Wordsworth (b. 1894 - d.

1984) 16 Aug 1964 - 29 Oct 1964 James Francis Donovan (acting) (b. 1923 - d. 1987) 30 Oct 1964 - 2 Jun 1966 Roger Bede Nott (b. 1908 - d. 2000) 3 Jun 1966 - 6 Jun 1968 Reginald Marsh (b. 1906 - d. 2005) 7 Jun 1968 - 5 Jul 1968 John Geoffrey Cowap (acting) (b. 1930) 5 Jul 1968 - 13 Aug 1972 Robert Nixon Dalkin (b. 1914 - d. 1991) 14 Aug 1972 - 31 Aug 1975 Edward Thomas Pickerd (1st time) (b. 1917 - d.

2012) 1 Sep 1975 - 31 May 1976 Charles Ivens Buffett (acting) (b. 1914 - d. 1995) 1 Jun 1976 - 4 Sep 1976 Edward Thomas Pickerd (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 5 Sep 1976 - 4 Sep 1979 Desmond Vincent O'Leary (b. 1914 - d. 1996) 5 Sep 1979 - 19 Mar 1981 William Peter Coleman (b. 1928) 18 Feb 1981 - 11 May 1981 Ian Ewen Hutchinson (acting) (b. 1939) (acting [for Coleman to 18 Mar 1981]) 11 May 1981 - 27 Jan 1982 Thomas Ferguson Paterson (acting) (b. 1923) 28 Jan 1982 - 28 Apr 1985 Raymond Edward Trebilco (b.

1926 - d. 1998) 29 Apr 1985 - 31 Dec 1988 John Alexander Matthew (b. 1928) 1 Jan 1989 - 12 Apr 1989 William McFadyen Campbell (acting) (b. 1953) 13 Apr 1989 - 12 Apr 1992 Herbert Bruce MacDonald (b. 1934) 13 Apr 1992 - 30 Jun 1997 Alan Gardner Kerr 1 Jul 1997 - 3 Aug 1997 Ralph Alexander Condon (acting) 4 Aug 1997 - 30 Jul 2003 Anthony "Tony" John Messner (b. 1939) 30 Jul 2003 - 1 Nov 2003 Michael Leslie Stephens (acting) 1 Nov 2003 - 6 Aug 2007 Grant Ernest John Tambling (b.

1943) 7 Aug 2007 - 31 Mar 2012 Owen Edward John Walsh (b. 1963?) (acting to 2 Oct 2008) 1 Apr 2012 - 30 Jun 2014 Neil Albert Pope (b. 1949) 1 Jul 2014 - Gary Douglas Hardgrave (b. 1960) Presidents of the Norfolk Council of Elders 14 Nov 1896 - Jan 1899 Oliver Masey Quintal (b. 1841 - d. 1922) Non-party Jan 1899 - Jan 1900 John Buffett (s.a.) Non-party Jan 1900 - Jul 1903 John Forrester Young (b. 1852 - d. 1913) Non-party Presidents of the Executive Council 1 Aug 1903 - 15 Jun 1909 Francis Mason Nobbs (s.a.) Non-party 15 Jun 1909 - 31 Jul 1909 ....

(acting) 1 Aug 1909 - 31 Jul 1915 Joseph Allen McCleave Buffett (b. 1851 - d. 1921) Non-party 1 Aug 1915 - 31 Jul 1916 Charles Chase Ray Nobbs (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1938) Non-party 1 Aug 1916 - 31 Jul 1919 Matthew Frederick Howard Christian (b. 1859 - d. 19..) Non-party 1 Aug 1919 - 31 Jul 1920 Albert Randall (1st time) (b. 1878? - d. 1963) Non-party 1 Aug 1920 - 31 Jul 1921 Charles Chase Ray Nobbs (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party 1 Aug 1921 - 31 Jul 1922 Enoch Cobcroft Robinson (1st time) (b. 1875 - d.

1964) Non-party 1 Aug 1922 - 31 Jul 1924 Albert Randall (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party 1 Aug 1924 - 31 Jul 1928 Eustace Buffett Christian (b. 1869 - d. 1944) Non-party (1st time) 1 Aug 1928 - 31 Jul 1933 Enoch Cobcroft Robinson (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party 1 Aug 1933 - 19 May 1934 Charles Chase Ray Nobbs (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party 19 May 1934 - 31 Jul 1934 Eustace Buffett Christian (s.a.) Non-party (2nd time) (acting) 1 Aug 1934 - 31 Jul 1935 Francis Royden Moira Crozier (b. 1877? - d.

1956) Non-party Presidents of the Advisory Council for Norfolk Island 1 Aug 1935 - 31 Jul 1936 Charles Chase Ray Nobbs (s.a.) Non-party 1 Aug 1936 - 31 Jul 1937 Enoch Cobcroft Robinson (s.a.) Non-party (1st time) 1 Aug 1937 - 31 Jul 1941 William McLachlan (b. 1898 - d. 1965) Non-party 1 Aug 1941 - 31 Jul 1947 George Hunn Nobbs Buffett (b. 1885 - d. 1957) Non-party 1 Aug 1947 - 31 Jul 1948 Ray Herbert Hastings Nobbs (b. 1901 - d. 1985) Non-party (1st time) 1 Aug 1948 - 31 Jul 1949 David Campbell Dunsmere Buffett (b. 1918 - d.

1997) Non-party 1 Aug 1949 - 31 Jul 1950 Ray Herbert Hastings Nobbs (s.a.) Non-party (2nd time) 1 Aug 1950 - 31 Jul 1951 Leonard Dixon Holloway (b. 1899 - d. 1983) Non-party (1st time) 1 Aug 1951 - 31 Jul 1952 Enoch Cobcroft Robinson (s.a.) Non-party (2nd time) 1 Aug 1952 - 31 Oct 1952 Leonard Dixon Holloway (s.a.) Non-party (2nd time) 1 Nov 1952 - 31 Jul 1953 Charles Marie Gustav Adams Non-party 1 Aug 1953 - 31 Jul 1956 Ray Herbert Hastings Nobbs (s.a.) Non-party (3rd time) 1 Aug 1956 - 7 Apr 1960 Wilfred Metcalfe Randall (b. 1913 - d.

1981) Non-party Presidents of the Norfolk Island Council 7 Apr 1960 - 1967 Frederick James Needham (b. 1918 - d. 2001) Non-party 1967 - 1974 Wilfred Metcalfe Randall (s.a.) Non-party 1974 - 1976 Richard Albert Bataille (b. 1922 - d. 1993) Non-party 1976 - 15 Aug 1979 William Arthur Blucher (b. 1931) Non-party Chief minister 15 Aug 1979 - 21 May 1986 David Ernest Buffett (1st time) (b. 1942) Non-party Presidents of the Legislative Assembly 28 May 1986 - 21 May 1989 John Terence Brown (1st time) (b.

1948) Non-party 22 May 1989 - 20 May 1992 David Ernest Buffett (s.a.) Non-party 20 May 1992 - 4 May 1994 John Terence Brown (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party 4 May 1994 - 6 Apr 1995 Michael William King (b. 1948) Non-party Speaker of the Legislative Assembly 6 Apr 1995 - 5 May 1997 Michael William King (s.a.) Non-party Chief ministers

Question: In 1774 who named Norfolk Island after Mary Howard Duchess of Norfolk?
Answer: CAPTAIN JAMES COOK