Time in Australia - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Encyclopedia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Standard time is used throughout Australia, it was introduced in the 1890s when all colonies adopted it. Before the switch to standard times, each local municipality was free to determine its own local time, called local mean time . Australia has three standard time zones from GMT: western ( UTC+08 ), central (UTC+09:30) and eastern ( UTC+10 ). [1] Most Australian external territories also observe different time zones. The proper names of Australia's time zones vary. In international contexts they are often called Australian Western Standard Time (AWST), Australian Central Standard Time (ACST), and Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST). In domestic contexts the leading "Australian" is often dropped. Western Australia uses Western Standard Time, South Australia and the Northern Territory use Central Standard Time. All other states and the Australian Capital Territory use Eastern Standard Time.

New South Wales (NSW), the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Victoria (Vic), South Australia (SA), and Tasmania observe daylight saving time every year. Western Australia, Queensland and the Northern Territory do not observe daylight saving. Though the states and territories have power to legislate time variations, the standard time within each is set in relation to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) , as determined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and maintained under section 8AA of the National Measurement Act 1960 of the Commonwealth. Contents Time zones Australian time zones during standard time The standardization of time in Australia began in 1892 , when surveyors from the Australian colonies gathered in Melbourne for the Intercolonial Conference of Surveyors. The delegates accepted the recommendation of the 1884 International Meridian Conference to adopt Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the basis for standard time, and in line with common practice in other parts of the world, devised a system of time zones with offsets in multiples of one hour from GMT. The colonies enacted legislation to this effect, which took effect in February 1895.

Western Australia led GMT by 8 hours, South Australia by 9 hours, and Queensland , New South Wales , Victoria and Tasmania by 10 hours. The three time zones became known as Western, Central and Eastern Standard Time. In May 1899, South Australia advanced Central Standard Time by thirty minutes. Attempts in 1986 and 1994 to revert or to add another thirty minutes failed[citation needed]. When the Northern Territory separated from South Australia, it retained Central Standard Time; likewise, when the Australian Capital Territory was created, it retained Eastern Standard Time. Since then, the only major change has been the adoption of Central Standard Time in Broken Hill, New South Wales , and the use of GMT+10:30 on Lord Howe Island . State legislation In Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT, the start and end dates of daylight-saving time are officially determined by proclamation , declaration or regulation made by the state governor or responsible minister. Such instruments may be valid for only the current year and so this section generally only refers to the legislation. In New South Wales and Western Australia, the start and end dates, if any, are fixed by legislation.

Western Standard Time (AWST) - UTC+8 hours Western Australia - Standard Time Act 2005 [2] Central Standard Time (ACST)- UTC+9:30 hours South Australia - Standard Time Act 2009 [3] and the Daylight Saving Act 1971 [4] Northern Territory - Standard Time Act 2005 [5] Eastern Standard Time (AEST) - UTC+10 hours Victoria - Summer Time Act 1972 [9] Tasmania - Standard Time Act 1895 [10] and the Daylight Saving Act 2007 [11] Advertisements Anomalies The town of Broken Hill (specified as Yancowinna County ), in far-western New South Wales , follows South Australian time. Residents of towns on the Eyre Highway (including Eucla, Caiguna, Madura, Mundrabilla and Border Village) in the south-east corner of Western Australia near the South Australian border do not follow official Western Australian time. Instead, they use what is unofficially known as Central Western Standard Time, which is halfway between Western and Central time--UTC+8:45.

The area maintained its fixed offset from UTC when daylight-saving time was introduced in South Australia. During Western Australia's trial of daylight-saving time from 2006-2009 the Central Western area also set its clocks ahead an hour during local summer. The total population of the area is estimated at just 200. [12] The Indian Pacific train has its own time zone - a so-called "train time" when travelling between Kalgoorlie and Port Augusta which was UTC+9 hours during November 2005 when daylight-saving time was observed in the east. This was because of the 2 1/2 hour difference in times between South Australia and Western Australia. Some island resorts in north Queensland unofficially adopt daylight-saving time for their activities and events. External territories Australia's many external territories follow their own time zones. Territory Daylight saving time Australian time zones during daylight-saving time (from southern spring to southern autumn ) The choice to use daylight saving time (DST) or not is a matter for the individual states and territories. However during World War I and World War II all states and territories observed the practice of daylight saving.

In 1968 Tasmania became the first state since the war to practise daylight saving. New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia observe DST every year. This has resulted in three time zones becoming five during the daylight-saving period. South Australia time becomes UTC+10:30, called Central Summer Time (CST) or Central Daylight Time (CDT), possibly with "Australia" prefixed (ACST or ACDT). The time in the southeastern states become UTC+11, using "Eastern" in the time zone name rather than "Central", with the abbreviations being EST, EDT, AEST, or AEDT. Officially, the change to and from DST takes place at 2:00 am local standard time (which is 3:00 am DST) on the appropriate Sunday. Of the states that observe DST, most began on the last Sunday in October, and ended on the last Sunday in March, until 2008. Tasmania, owing to its further southern latitude ) began DST earlier, on the first Sunday in October, and ended on the first Sunday of April.

On 12 April 2007, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory agreed to common starting and finishing dates for DST. From the 2008/09 period, the start of DST in these states and in South Australia commences on the first Sunday in October and ends on the first Sunday in April. [13] Queensland (AEST), Northern Territory (ACST) and Western Australia (AWST) do not observe DST. State/Territory first Sunday in April Debate over daylight-saving time - Trials and Referenda Public opinion on daylight-saving time in Queensland is divided. People and businesses in the Queensland-New South Wales border area complain of the inconvenience caused by the difference in time at the border. Queensland and the Northern Territory have not adopted daylight saving because the seasonal differences in daylight become less pronounced as one moves closer to the equator. Former Queensland Premier Peter Beattie claimed that daylight-saving time in Queensland would increase the rate of skin cancer in the state, a claim for which there is no evidence according to the Queensland Cancer Fund.

[15] Western Australia has had a particularly involved debate over daylight-saving time, with the issue being put to a plebiscite four times: in 1975, 1984, 1992, and 2009. All were defeated. Voters returned a "no" vote of 54.57% in 2009, the highest in all four plebiscites. Each referendum followed a trial period during which the state observed daylight saving time. The first three followed a one-year trial, while the 2006 Western Australian Daylight Saving Bill (No. 2) 2006 instituted a daylight-saving trial beginning on 3 December 2006 and lasting for three years. [16] Special events In 2000, all eastern jurisdictions that normally observe daylight-saving time — New South Wales, Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania — started daylight-saving time early, due to the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . These jurisdictions changed on 27 August 2000. South Australia did not change until the regular time, which that year was on 29 October.

In 2006, all states that followed daylight-saving time (the above listed states plus South Australia) delayed the return to their respective Standard Times by a week, due to the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne . Daylight-saving time ended on 2 April 2006. Accuracy and standards Although Australia has maintained a version of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) atomic time scale since the 1990s, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) remained the formal basis for the standard times of all states until 2005. In November 2004, the state and territory attorneys-general endorsed a proposal from the Australian National Measurement Institute to adopt UTC as the standard of all Australian standard times, thereby eliminating the effects of slight variations in the Earth's rotation rate that are inherent to mean solar time . All states have adopted the UTC standard, commencing from 1 September 2005. Rules relating to time In most cases the time when something needs to be done is clear: standard times or the daylight-saving times set under state laws will operate.

The rule is that if something needs to be done by a particular time, it is for the person who is required to perform that act to have it completed by that time. For example, if a person making an offer (the "offeror") to, say, sell something and specifies a time by which this offer must be accepted, the person accepting the offer must convey that acceptance to the offeror where the offeror is located and at the time specified by the offeror, where the offeror is located. This has significance when the local time of the two parties is different. As a general rule, the person required to perform an act (e.g. pay some money) must make sure that the act is performed by that time. If he cannot perform that act by that time because, say, the office where the money needs to be paid is closed because of a weekend or public holiday, then that person must perform that act before the office closes. This applies especially to government offices, which are open only during specified times.

It is also common to specify in contracts that if the time when an act needs to be performed falls on a weekend or a public holiday, then that act needs to be performed on the next business day , or sometimes on a business day before the weekend or public holiday. This provision is also the case in federal law under the Acts Interpretation Act (Cth.). National times However, there are situations where a nation-wide time operates. In the case of business activities a national time, in effect, operates. For example, a prospectus for the issue of shares in a company would usually set out the closing time for offers at some location (eg Sydney) as the time when offers must be received, irrespective of the source of the offer. Similarly, tenders usually set out the time at a particular location by which they must be received to be considered. Another example is the Australian Stock Exchange which, in effect, operates on AEST. On the other hand, Commonwealth legislation yields to state-regulated standard times in many diverse situations. It yields, for example, in setting normal working times of Commonwealth employees, recognition of public holidays, etc.

Significantly, it also relies on local time for federal elections, so that polling times in Western Australia close, in effect, two hours after those in the eastern states. Similarly, documents to be filed in a Federal Court may be filed based on local time; with the effect that if there was a failure to lodge a document on time in an eastern state, the document may still be lodged (within two hours) in Western Australia. See also Time in Australia : definition of Time in Australia and synonyms of Time in Australia (English) UTC+11:00 Eastern Time Time in Australia is calculated using standard time , with three zones: Australian Western Standard Time (WST), Australian Central Standard Time (ACST), and Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST). The three zones use three standard UTC offsets : western ( UTC+08:00 ), central ( UTC+09:30 ) and eastern ( UTC+10:00 ). [1] Time is regulated by state governments, [2] and within the three standard time zones daylight saving time (DST) differs between the states and the territories. Australia's external territories observe different time zones .

Standard time was introduced in the 1890s when all of the Dominions adopted it. Before the switch to standard times, each local city or town was free to determine its own local time, called local mean time . Now, Western Australia uses Western Standard Time; South Australia and the Northern Territory use Central Standard Time; and all of the other states and the Australian Capital Territory (A.C.T.) use Eastern Standard Time. DST is used in South Australia , New South Wales , Victoria , Tasmania , and the A.C.T. It is not used in Western Australia , Queensland , or in the Northern Territory . Contents 8 External links History This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (August 2012) The standardization of time in Australia began in 1892, when surveyors from the six Dominions in Australia met in Melbourne for the Intercolonial Conference of Surveyors. The delegates accepted the recommendation of the 1884 International Meridian Conference to adopt Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the basis for standard time.

The Dominions enacted time zone legislation, which took effect in February 1895. The clocks were set ahead of GMT by eight hours in Western Australia; by nine hours in South Australia (and the Northern Territory, which it governed); and by 10 hours in Queensland, New South Wales, the Dominion of Victoria and Tasmania . The three time zones became known as Eastern, Central and Western Standard Time. In May 1899, South Australia advanced Central Standard Time by thirty minutes, disregarding the common international practice of setting one-hour intervals between adjacent time zones. In doing so, South Australia also adopted a time meridian located outside of its boundaries - another departure from international convention. Attempts to correct these oddities in 1986 and 1994 were rejected. When the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia and placed under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government, that Territory kept Central Standard Time . Likewise, when the Australian Capital Territory was created, it retained Eastern Standard Time.

Since 1899, the only major changes in Australian time zones has been the adoption of Central Standard Time in Broken Hill, New South Wales , and the setting of clocks to one-half hour earlier than Eastern time (GMT plus 10:30) on the territory of Lord Howe Island . When abbreviating "Australian Central Time" and "Australian Eastern Time", in domestic contexts the leading "Australian" may be omitted, however the prefix "A" is often used to avoid ambiguity with the time zone abbreviations "CST" and "EST" referring to the Central and Eastern Time Zones in North America . The use of the abbreviation of "AWST" to describe Australian Western Standard Time (WST) is a misnomer.[ citation needed ] Time zones and legislation Though the governments of the states and territories have the power to legislate variations in time, the standard time within each of these is set related to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) as determined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and set by section 8AA of the National Measurement Act of 1960 of the British Commonwealth .

Australia has kept a version of the UTC atomic time scale since the 1990s, but Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) remained the formal basis for the standard times of all of the states through 2005. In November 2004, the state and territory attorneys-general endorsed a proposal from the Australian National Measurement Institute to adopt UTC as the standard of all Australian standard times, thereby eliminating the effects of slight variations in the rate of rotation of the Earth that are inherent in mean solar time . All states have adopted the UTC standard, starting on 1 September 2005. In Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania. and the A.C.T., the starting and ending dates of DST are officially determined by proclamations , declarations, or regulation made by the State Governor or by the responsible minister. Such instruments may be valid for only the current year, and so this section generally only refers to the legislation. In New South Wales and Western Australia, the starting and ending dates, if any, are to be set by legislation.

Western Standard Time (WST) – UTC+08:00 Western Australia – Standard Time Act 2005 [3] Central Standard Time (ACST)- UTC+09:30 South Australia – Standard Time Act 2009 [4] and the Daylight Saving Act 1971 [5] Northern Territory – Standard Time Act 2005 [6] Eastern Standard Time (AEST) – UTC+10:00 Time zones during daylight-saving time (from southern hemisphere spring until autumn ) Daylight saving time (DST) A vox-pop from the ABC in Tasmania when DST was introduced in the 1970s. The choice to use DST or not is a matter for the governments of the individual states and territories. However, during World War I and World War II all states and territories used DST. In 1968 Tasmania became the first state since WW II to use DST, followed in 1971 by New South Wales , the State of Victoria , Queensland , South Australia , and the A.C.T. Western Australia and the Northern Territory did not adopt DST. Queensland abandoned DST in 1972.

Queensland and Western Australia have occasionally used DST during the past 40 years during trial periods. The main DST zones are the following: (Australian) Central Daylight Time (CDT or ACDT) – UTC+10:30 , in South Australia (Australian) Eastern Daylight Time (EDT or AEDT) – UTC+11 , in New South Wales, the A.C.T., Victoria, and Tasmania. During the usual periods of DST, the three standard time zones in Australia become five zones. This includes the areas that do not observe DST: Western Australia (UTC plus 8:00), the Northern Territory (UTC plus 9:30), and Queensland (UTC plus 10:00). The change to and from DST officially takes place at 2:00 am local standard time the appropriate Sunday. Until 2008, DST usually began on the last Sunday in October, and it ended on the last Sunday in March. However, Tasmania, given its latitude further south, began DST earlier, on the first Sunday in October, and it ended DST on the first Sunday of April.

On 12 April 2007, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and the A.C.T. agreed to common beginning and ending dates for DST. Beginning in 2008, the start of DST in these states and in South Australia occurs on the first Sunday in October, and its end is on the first Sunday in April. Western Australia became the only state to use DST from the last Sunday in October through the last Sunday in March. In 2009 Western Australia abolished DST. [13] State/territory Anomalies Yancowinna County in New South Wales The town of Broken Hill (specified as Yancowinna County ), in far western New South Wales , joins South Australia in using Central Time. Lord Howe Island in the Pacific Ocean uses UTC+10:30 during the winter months (30 minutes ahead of the eastern states), but advances to UTC+11:00 in summer (the same time as New South Wales). A compromise between Western and Central time (UTC+8:45, without DST), unofficially known as Central Western Standard Time, is used in one area in the southeastern corner of Western Australia .

Towns east of Caiguna on the Eyre Highway (including Eucla , Madura , Mundrabilla and Border Village ), close to the border with South Australia, follow "CWST" instead of Western Australian time. The total population of that area is estimated at 200 people. [15] This area did not change when South Australia introduced DST. During the Western Australian trial of DST from 2006-2009, this area also set its clocks ahead one hour during summer. The Indian Pacific train has its own time zone – a so-called "train time" when travelling between Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and Port Augusta, South Australia - which was at UTC plus 9:00 hours during November 2005 when DST was observed in the eastern and southern states. This was because of the 2.5 hour difference in times between South Australia and Western Australia.[ citation needed ] External territories Australia's external territories follow their own time zones. Territory no DST Special events In 2000, all of the eastern jurisdictions that normally observe DST — New South Wales, Victoria, the A.C.T., and Tasmania — began DST early because of the Summer Olympic Games held in Sydney.

These jurisdictions moved to DST on 27 August 2000. South Australians did not change their clocks until the usual date, which was 29 October 2000. In 2006, all of the states that followed DST (the above states and South Australia) delayed their return to Standard Times by one week, because of the Commonwealth Games held in Melbourne. DST ended on 2 April 2006. National times There are situations in which a nationwide time is in effect. In the case of business activities, a national time, can be used. For example, a prospectus for the issue of stock in a company would usually set the closing time for offers at some location (e.g. Sydney) as the time when offers must be received, regardless of the source of the offer. Similarly, tenders for their sale of stock usually set out the time at a given location by which they must be received to be considered. Another example is the Australian Stock Exchange which operates on Eastern Standard Time On the other hand, Federal legislation yields to state-regulated standard times in many diverse situations. For example, it yields in setting the normal working times of Federal employees, the recognition of public holidays, etc.

The Federal government also relies on local times for Federal elections, so that the polls in Western Australia closes, two or three hours after those in the eastern states. Also, documents to be filed in a Federal Court may be filed based on the local time. The effect of this is that if there had been a failure to file a legal document on time in an eastern State, that document can sometimes still be filed (within two hours) in Western Australia. IANA time zone database The 12 zones for Australia as given by zone.tab of the IANA time zone database . Columns marked * are from the zone.tab. no. Time in Australia - 必应 Sign in Time in Australia The standardization of time in Australia began in 1892, when surveyors from the six Dominions in Australia met in Melbourne for the Intercolonial Conference of Surveyors. The delegates accepted the recommendation of the 1884 International Meridian Conference to adopt Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the basis for standard time. The Dominions enacted time zone legislation, which took effect in February 1895.

The clocks were set ahead of GMT by eight hours in Western Australia ; by nine hours in South Australia (and the Northern Territory, which it govern ... (展开) ned); and by 10 hours in Queensland, New South Wales, the Dominion of Victoria and Tasmania. The three time zones became known as Eastern Standard Time, Central Standard Time, and Western Standard Time. Broken Hill in the far west of New South Wales also adopted Central Standard Time due to it being connected by rail to Adelaide but not Sydney at the time. In May 1899, South Australia advanced Central Standard Time by thirty minutes, disregarding the common international practice of setting one-hour intervals between adjacent time zones. In doing so, South Australia also adopted a time meridian located outside its boundaries – another departure from international convention. Attempts to correct these oddities in 1986 and 1994 were rejected. When the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia and placed under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government, that Territory kept Central Standard Time. Likewise, when the ACT was broken off from New South Wales, it retained Eastern Standard Time.

Since 1899, the only major changes in Australian time zones have been the setting of clocks to one-half hour earlier than Eastern time (GMT plus 10:30) on the territory of Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island changing from UTC+11:30 to UTC+11:00 on 4 October 2015.

When abbreviating "Australian Central Time" and "Australian Eastern Time", in domestic contexts the leading "Australian" may be omitted, however the prefix "A" is often used to avoid ambiguity with the time zone abbreviations "CST" and "EST" referring to the Central and Eastern Time Zones in North America.[citation needed] 2 2590 来自 百度知道 2 四、句型转换。1、nick is having a great time in australia。（改为同义句）2、the trip took us about two and a half hours （划线部分about two and a half hours部分提问）3、the trip was very boring at the beinning 。（改为感叹句）4、jane’s graden is beautiful。therse are many flowers and trees in it。（合并为一句）5、where else would he like to go？what------- ------- does he want to go to？ 答 1. Nick is enjoying himself in Australia2. How long did the trip take you?3. How boring the trip was at the beginning!4. Jane's garden is beautiful, in wh...

把They had a good time in Australia last summer .改成同意句 答 Time in Australia History The standardization of time in Australia began in 1892, when surveyors from the six Dominions in Australia met in Melbourne for the Intercolonial Conference of Surveyors. The delegates accepted the recommendation of the 1884 International Meridian Conference to adopt Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the basis for standard time. The Dominions enacted time zone legislation, which took effect in February 1895. The clocks were set ahead of GMT by eight hours in Western Australia; by nine hours in South Australia (and the Northern Territory, which it governed); and by 10 hours in Queensland, New South Wales, the Dominion of Victoria and Tasmania. The three time zones became known as Eastern Standard Time, Central Standard Time, and Western Standard Time. Broken Hill in the far west of New South Wales also adopted Central Standard Time due to it being connected by rail to Adelaide but not Sydney at the time. In May 1899, South Australia advanced Central Standard Time by thirty minutes, disregarding the common international practice of setting one-hour intervals between adjacent time zones.

In doing so, South Australia also adopted a time meridian located outside its boundaries – another departure from international convention. Attempts to correct these oddities in 1986 and 1994 were rejected. When the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia and placed under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government, that Territory kept Central Standard Time. Likewise, when the ACT was broken off from New South Wales, it retained Eastern Standard Time. Since 1899, the only major changes in Australian time zones have been the setting of clocks to one-half hour earlier than Eastern time (GMT plus 10:30) on the territory of Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island changing from UTC+11:30 to UTC+11:00 on 4 October 2015.

When abbreviating "Australian Central Time" and "Australian Eastern Time", in domestic contexts the leading "Australian" may be omitted, however the prefix "A" is often used to avoid ambiguity with the time zone abbreviations "CST" and "EST" referring to the Central and Eastern Time Zones in North America.[citation needed] Time in Australia Civil time and legislation Though the governments of the states and territories have the power to legislate variations in time, the standard time within each of these is set related to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) as determined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and set by section 8AA of the National Measurement Act of 1960 of the Commonwealth. Australia has kept a version of the UTC atomic time scale since the 1990s, but Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) remained the formal basis for the standard times of all of the states through 2005. In November 2004, the state and territory attorneys-general endorsed a proposal from the Australian National Measurement Institute to adopt UTC as the standard of all Australian standard times, thereby eliminating the effects of slight variations in the rate of rotation of the Earth that are inherent in mean solar time.

All states have adopted the UTC standard, starting on 1 September 2005. In Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania. and the ACT, the starting and ending dates of daylight saving times are officially determined by proclamations, declarations, or regulation made by the State Governor or by the responsible minister. Such instruments may be valid for only the current year, and so this section generally only refers to the legislation. In New South Wales and Western Australia, the starting and ending dates, if any, are to be set by legislation.

Western Standard Time (WST) – UTC+08:00 Western Australia – Standard Time Act 2005 Central Standard Time (ACST) – UTC+09:30 South Australia – Standard Time Act 2009 and the Daylight Saving Act 1971 Northern Territory – Standard Time Act 2005 Eastern Standard Time (AEST) – UTC+10:00 Queensland – Standard Time Act 1894 New South Wales – Standard Time Act 1987 No 149 Australian Capital Territory – Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 Victoria – Summer Time Act 1972 Tasmania – Standard Time Act 1895 and the Daylight Saving Act 2007 Time offsets during daylight-saving time (from southern hemisphere spring until autumn) Daylight saving time (DST) Main article: Daylight saving time in Australia The choice of whether to use DST is a matter for the governments of the individual states and territories. However, during World War I and World War II all states and territories used daylight saving time (DST).

In 1968 Tasmania became the first state in peacetime to use DST, followed in 1971 by New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory. Western Australia and the Northern Territory did not adopt it. Queensland abandoned DST in 1972. Queensland and Western Australia have occasionally used DST during the past 40 years during trial periods. The main DST zones are the following: (Australian) Central Daylight Time (CDT or ACDT) – UTC+10:30, in South Australia (Australian) Eastern Daylight Time (EDT or AEDT) – UTC+11, in New South Wales, the ACT, Victoria, and Tasmania. During the usual periods of DST, the three standard time zones in Australia become five zones. This includes the areas that do not observe DST: Western Australia (UTC plus 8:00), the Northern Territory (UTC plus 9:30), and Queensland (UTC plus 10:00). The change to and from DST takes place at 2:00 am local standard time the appropriate Sunday.

Until 2008, DST usually began on the last Sunday in October, and ended on the last Sunday in March. However, Tasmania, given its latitude further south, began DST earlier, on the first Sunday in October, and ended it later, on the first Sunday of April. On 12 April 2007, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and the ACT agreed to common beginning and ending dates for DST from 2008. DST in these states and South Australia began on the first Sunday in October and ended on the first Sunday in April. Western Australia was then the only state to use DST from the last Sunday in October to the last Sunday in March, but it abolished DST in 2009. Anomalies The town of Broken Hill (specified as Yancowinna County), is in far western New South Wales. Unlike the rest of New South Wales, Broken Hill (and the surrounding region) observes Australian Central Standard Time (UTC+9:30) a time zone it shares with South Australia and the Northern Territory. As mentioned above, at the time standard time was adopted, Broken Hill was linked to Adelaide by rail, not Sydney.

Lord Howe Island, part of the state of New South Wales but 600 km east of the Australian mainland in the Pacific Ocean, uses UTC+10:30 during the winter months (30 minutes ahead of the eastern states), but advances to UTC+11:00 in summer (the same time as the rest of New South Wales). A compromise between Western and Central time (UTC+8:45, without DST), unofficially known as Central Western Standard Time, is used in one area in the southeastern corner of Western Australia and one roadhouse in South Australia. Towns east of Caiguna on the Eyre Highway (including Eucla, Madura, Mundrabilla and Border Village, just over the border into South Australia), follow "CWST" instead of Western Australian time. The total population of that area is estimated at 200 people. This area did not change when South Australia introduced DST. During the Western Australian trial of DST from 2006 to 2009, this area also sets its clocks ahead one hour during summer. This time zone is not officially recognized.

The Indian Pacific train has its own time zone – a so-called "train time" when travelling between Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and Port Augusta, South Australia – which was at UTC plus 9:00 hours during November 2005 when DST was observed in the eastern and southern states. Queensland Queensland has had a particularly involved debate over daylight saving time, with public opinion geographically divided. A referendum on DST in 1992, following a three-year trial (1989/90–1991/92), and was defeated with a 54.5 percent negative vote. The referendum result displayed a distinct trend – that public opinion on DST in Queensland is geographically divided, with the negative vote being strongest in northern and western districts, while the positive vote being strongest in the southeastern region (e.g. in Brisbane). Since the early 2000s, there have been a number of petitions submitted to Legislative Assembly of Queensland, lobbying for the introduction of daylight saving time or for another referendum to be held. A petition in 2006 was signed by 62,232 people.

In response to these petitions, then Queensland Premier Peter Beattie commissioned research to find out if it should be re-introduced into Queensland. Around this time, Premier Peter Beattie predicted that daylight saving in Queensland would increase the rate of skin cancer in the state, an assertion for which there is no evidence, according to the Queensland Cancer Fund. In October 2007, the government-commissioned research was presented to the new Premier Anna Bligh, who ruled out holding a new referendum, despite the report indicating that 59 percent of the residents of Queensland and 69 percent of those in southeastern Queensland to be in favour of adopting daylight saving. In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political Party was officially registered, to advocate for the use of a two-time-zone system for DST in Queensland, with most the State (in land area) using standard time. This party contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates, and it received about one percent of the statewide primary vote. In early 2010, the DS4SEQ political party approached the independent member, Peter Wellington, to introduce a private member's bill for DST.

Since Mr. Wellington agreed with the principles of the DS4SEQ proposal, specifically the dual-time-zone system, he drafted the DST for southeastern Queensland Referendum Bill of 2010 and he submitted this bill to Queensland Parliament on 14 April 2010. Wellington has called for a referendum to be held at the next State election on the introduction of DST into southeastern Queensland under the dual-time-zone system. In response to this bill, the Premier of Queensland, Anna Bligh, announced a community consultation process, which resulted in over 74,000 respondents participating, 64 percent of whom voted in favour of a trial, and 63 percent of whom were in favour of holding a referendum. The decision announced by the Premier on 7 June 2010 was that her Government would not support the bill because rural Queenslanders were overwhelmingly opposed to DST. The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011. Western Australia Western Australia has also had a particularly involved debate over DST, with the issue being put to a referendum four times: in 1975, 1984, 1992, and 2009.

All of these proposals to adopt DST were defeated. Voters registered a negative vote of 54.6 percent in the 2009 referendum, the highest percentage for all four of these referendums. Each referendum followed a trial period during which the state observed DST. The first three followed a one-year trial, while the 2006 Western Australian Daylight Saving Bill (No. 2) 2006 instituted a trial of DST beginning on 3 December 2006, and lasting for three years. ^ "Official Australian government website". australia.gov.au. Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ Daylight Saving in New South Wales Lawlink NSW. Retrieved 28 January 2012 ^ a b "THE NEW STANDARD TIME.". The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1889 - 1931) (Adelaide, SA: National Library of Australia). 1 May 1899. p.4. Retrieved 6 February 2015. ^ Hardgrave, Gary (3 September 2015).

"Norfolk Island standard time changes 4 October 2015" (Press release). Administrator of Norfolk Island. Retrieved 4 October 2015. ^ "slp.wa.gov" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2011. ^ "South Australian Legislation". Legislation.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ "South Australian Legislation". Legislation.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ "STANDARD TIME ACT 2005". Notes.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ "legislation.qld.gov" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2011. ^ "Standard Time Act 1987 No 149". Legislation.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 21 June 2013. ^ "ACT legislation register – Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 – main page". Legislation.act.gov.au. Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ "SUMMER TIME ACT 1972.

Version incorporating amendments as at 31 May 2012". 31 May 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012. ^ "STANDARD TIME ACT 1895". 23 August 1895. Retrieved 23 October 2012. ^ "Legislation View Page". Thelaw.tas.gov.au. Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ "Daylight Saving Time – Implementation". Bom.gov.au. Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ "Daylight Saving in Victoria (Victoria Online)". Vic.gov.au. 21 September 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ "Border sign". Confluence.org. Retrieved 25 June 2010. ^ "1992 Queensland Daylight Saving Referendum" (PDF). Retrieved 25 July 2010. ^ Queensland Parliamentary Library; Research Brief No 2010/22 - Mary Westcott (July 2010). "1992 Daylight Saving in Queensland" (PDF).

pp.15, 19. Retrieved 29 January 2011. ^ "Daylight Saving Petition". Retrieved 25 July 2010. ^ "Daylight saving cancer claim disputed". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). 24 October 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2013. ^ "Queensland Government-commissioned Daylight Saving Research" (PDF). Retrieved 25 July 2010. ^ "Total Candidates Nominated for Election by Party – 2009 State Election". Electoral Commission of Queensland (ECQ). Retrieved 19 June 2010. ^ "The Political Mouse that Roared". 16 April 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2010. ^ "Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010" (PDF). 14 April 2010. Retrieved 25 July 2010. ^ "Queensland Government Daylight Saving for South East Queensland survey". Retrieved 25 July 2010.

^ "Queensland Government Daylight Saving for South East Queensland decision". Retrieved 25 July 2010. ^ "Daylight saving silence 'deafening'". 16 June 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011. ^ "Microsoft Word - D01 Daylight Saving Bill _No. 2_ 2006 _175-1B_.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 25 June 2010. A quick guide to plebiscites in Australia – Parliament of Australia A quick guide to plebiscites in Australia Posted 30/06/2011 by Brenton Holmes When Opposition Leader Tony Abbott proposed a plebiscite to test Australians’ support for a carbon tax, the proposal was variously described in the media as ‘ junk politics’ , a ‘ stunt ’, a ‘ serious misjudgement’ and ‘ an expensive, bad idea’ . But what exactly is a plebiscite? In Australia, a national plebiscite has quite a distinctive meaning. A plebiscite is a vote by citizens on a matter of national significance, but one which does not affect the Constitution.

Moreover, plebiscites are normally advisory, and do not compel a government to act on the outcome. A plebiscite might be used to obtain electors’ views on, say, military conscription, or choosing a new Australian flag. Only the Australian parliament can authorise the holding of a plebiscite. Unlike some countries, Australia has no mechanism by which citizens might initiate a plebiscite by, for example, petitioning Parliament with a threshold number of signatures calling for a matter to be put to a national vote. Such a plebiscite is commonly referred to as a ‘citizen initiated referendum’. Bills for citizens’ initiated referendums have been introduced occasionally into Australian state or territory legislatures but none have passed . In Australia, we hear more about ‘referendums’ than ‘plebiscites’. While both entail a vote by Australia’s electors, a referendum concerns a change to Australia’s Constitution, and the outcome is binding. For a referendum proposal to succeed it must win the majority of votes nationally and also win in a majority of the states. This is called a ‘double majority’. Since Federation there have been 44 proposals for constitutional change put to Australian electors at referendums.

Only eight have been approved. Plebiscites simply require a majority of electors’ votes. There have only been three national plebiscites in Australia: 1916: military service conscription (defeated) 1917: reinforcement of the Australian Imperial Force overseas (defeated) 1977: choice of Australia’s national anthem ('Advance Australia Fair' preferred.) Before a national plebiscite can take place, an enabling bill proposing the plebiscite and setting out its purpose must be passed by parliament. The bill thereby becomes an Act enabling a vote to be conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission. The enabling legislation may or may not specify any actions expected of the government as a result of the plebiscite.* In the case of a carbon tax plebiscite that simply asked whether electors are in favour of a carbon tax or not, the government could ignore the plebiscite result and pursue its own preferred outcome through the Parliament. Indeed, Mr Abbott himself said that if a plebiscite favoured a carbon tax he would ignore the result .

While the kind of direct democracy implied by a plebiscite has its merits, it may not necessarily be the best way to resolve an issue. We live in a representative democracy, and it is a feature of our system of government that laws and major policy proposals are determined by our elected representatives through debate and deliberation in the parliament. The prominent constitutional lawyer George Williams puts it this way : ‘Plebiscites are rare in Australia. They go against the grain of a system in which we elect parliamentarians to make decisions on our behalf’. Nevertheless, plebiscites have been used by Australian state governments from time to time, especially to deal with social or environmental issues: The drinking of alcoholic beverages was once a controversial issue that was dealt with in a number of plebiscites—6 p.m. closing (NSW 1916), open bars on Sundays (NSW 1969), 10 p.m. closing (Vic 1956), prohibition of liquor sales (WA 1925, 1950). In 1904 Victoria held three simultaneous plebiscites involving religion and schools.

Daylight saving has been the subject of plebiscites in Western Australia (1975, 1984, 1992), New South Wales (1976), South Australia (1982) and Queensland (1992). There was a plebiscite in Tasmania on the establishment of the Wrest Point casino (1968). In 1992 voters in the ACT endorsed the Hare-Clark electoral system. In 2005 Western Australians rejected an extended shopping hours proposal. In Queensland in 2007 plebiscites on local government amalgamation were held in 85 council areas. A planned plebiscite on the use of recycled water was cancelled. The use of plebiscites and referendums (the more widely-used term) seems to be increasingly common among democratic countries—although practices vary as to whether outcomes are binding or advisory, or whether citizens or only governments can initiate them. Earlier this year the UK held a referendum on whether to change its voting system ( defeated ), and a referendum in Wales gave increased legislative powers to the Welsh Assembly.

In 2007, the Canadian province of Ontario held its first referendum in 80 years, with a proposal for electoral reform. British Columbia did likewise in 2009. The proposals were defeated. British Columbia is currently in the middle of a postal ballot referendum about ‘harmonised sales tax’. Switzerland has a longstanding tradition of referendums , the use of which is thoroughly integrated into its political processes. Ireland has held referendums on matters as diverse as the ratification of EU treaties, abolition of the death penalty and the recognition of local government. Many US states conduct referendums or allow citizen-initiated ‘ballot initiatives’, and these have been used for a wide range of purposes, including to veto legislation. On occasions, the outcome of such initiatives can prove counter-productive. For example, the consequences for California of the citizen-initiated Proposition 13 —which reduced property taxes and limited the legislature’s capacity to raise taxes—have been much lamented. There has never been a referendum at national level in the USA.

* The Plebiscite for an Australian Republic Bill 1997 —which appeared as separate versions in the House and the Senate—expressly provided that: ‘The results of the national plebiscite are intended to be indicative only’. The House version of the bill was removed from the Notice paper in March 1998, and the Senate version lapsed at the end of the 39th Parliament. By contrast, the Flags Amendment Bill 1996 expressly provided that the plebiscite outcome would be acted upon if ‘the new flag, or one of the new flags, is chosen by a majority of all the electors voting’. The bill was eventually passed and became the Flags Amendment Act 1998, No. 2 . (Image sourced from: ) Constitutional Centre - Advisory Referendums Advisory Referendums Page Content (also called plebiscites) Not all referendums are about changing the Constitution. Governments can hold advisory referendums to test whether people either support or oppose a proposed action or issue. They are not bound by the “result” of an advisory referendum as by a Constitutional referendum.

While Commonwealth, State and Territory governments are able to hold advisory referendums they only occasionally exercise this option. Examples are: State (Daylight Saving and Secession) and Commonwealth (Conscription). Secession After Federation, many Western Australians felt they had lost more than they gained by joining. By 1933 they became so dissatisfied that they voted overwhelmingly at an advisory referendum, by a two-thirds to one-third majority, to secede from the Australian Federation. A petition was sent to London where a Joint Select Committee of the British Parliament ruled it invalid because it had come from a State not the Commonwealth. Though it was mainly seen as a protest vote at Commonwealth ignorance of the State’s desperate circumstances during the early Depression years, secessionist calls continue to arise from time to time. Many of the reasons underlying Western Australian feelings of resentment continue today. But the question is, having chosen to enter the Federation, can we leave? Or are we bound, as the preamble to the Commonwealth Constitution states, by the fact that the States have…agreed to unite in one indissoluble Federal Commonwealth…? Daylight saving (Western Australian referendum) In Western Australia, four referendums have been held on daylight saving.

This is an example of a local issue and highlights the fact that such a question can be put to the people more than once. In 1975, 1984, 1992 and 2009 people were asked to vote on whether they agreed to advance the standard time one hour from the last Sunday in October in each year until the first Sunday in the following March. In each instance the proposal was rejected. Conscription An example of a Commonwealth advisory referendum or plebiscite is conscription. To support the war effort during WW1, Prime Minister WM Hughes, wanted to introduce conscription but, faced with divisions within his own party, did not wish to do so without the support of the people. To canvass public opinion, military service plebiscites were held in 1916 and 1917.

On the first occasion the proposal was: “Are you in favour of the Government having, in this grave emergency, the same compulsory powers over citizens in regard to requiring their military service, for the term of this War, outside the Commonwealth, as it now has in regard to military service within the Commonwealth?” On the second occasion, it sought to conscript men for overseas service in sufficient numbers to make the total reinforcements up to 7000 a month. The conscription issue divided the nation and was a matter of intense political debate. Electors in all States and Territories voted. Both plebiscites sought approval for conscription and both were defeated, though the majority of Western Australian’s voted yes on both occasions. Australian Eastern Daylight Time Meta Search • Wiki • Image • News • Stock • Travel Googoll Meta Search - Save Time and Effort. 100% Privacy.

AUSTRALIAN EASTERN DAYLIGHT TIME Learn and talk about Time in Australia, Australian standards, Science and technology in Australia, Time in Australia Eastern NSW, TAS, VIC, ACT Australia uses three main time zones, Australian Western Standard Time (AWST; UTC+08:00 ), Australian Central Standard Time (ACST; UTC+09:30 ), and Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST; UTC+10:00 ). [1] Time is regulated by the individual state governments, [2] some of which observe daylight saving time (DST). Australia's external territories observe different time zones . Standard time was introduced in the 1890s when all of the Dominions adopted it. Before the switch to standard time zones, each local city or town was free to determine its local time, called local mean time . Now, Western Australia uses Western Standard Time; South Australia and the Northern Territory use Central Standard Time; while New South Wales , Queensland , Tasmania , Victoria , and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) use Eastern Standard Time. Daylight saving time is used in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and the ACT. It is not currently used in Western Australia, Queensland and the Northern Territory.

Contents ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The standardization of time in Australia began in 1892, when surveyors from the six Dominions in Australia met in Melbourne for the Intercolonial Conference of Surveyors. The delegates accepted the recommendation of the 1884 International Meridian Conference to adopt Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the basis for standard time. The Dominions enacted time zone legislation, which took effect in February 1895. The clocks were set ahead of GMT by eight hours in Western Australia; by nine hours in South Australia (and the Northern Territory, which it governed); and by 10 hours in Queensland, New South Wales, the Dominion of Victoria and Tasmania. The three time zones became known as Eastern Standard Time, Central Standard Time, and Western Standard Time. Broken Hill in the far west of New South Wales also adopted Central Standard Time due to it being connected by rail to Adelaide but not Sydney at the time. [3] In May 1899, South Australia advanced Central Standard Time by thirty minutes (see above), disregarding the common international practice of setting one-hour intervals between adjacent time zones.

In doing so, South Australia also adopted a time meridian located outside its boundaries – another departure from international convention. [3] Attempts to correct these oddities in 1986 and 1994 were rejected. When the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia and placed under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government, that Territory kept Central Standard Time. Likewise, when the ACT was broken off from New South Wales, it retained Eastern Standard Time. Since 1899, the only major changes in Australian time zones have been the setting of clocks to one-half hour earlier than Eastern time (GMT plus 10:30) on the territory of Lord Howe Island , and Norfolk Island changing from UTC+11:30 to UTC+11:00 on 4 October 2015.

[4] When abbreviating "Australian Central Time" and "Australian Eastern Time", in domestic contexts the leading "Australian" may be omitted, however the prefix "A" is often used to avoid ambiguity with the time zone abbreviations "CST" and "EST" referring to the Central and Eastern Time Zones in North America .[ citation needed ] Civil time and legislation[ edit ] Though the governments of the states and territories have the power to legislate variations in time, the standard time within each of these is set related to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) as determined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and set by section 8AA of the National Measurement Act of 1960 [1] of the Commonwealth . Australia has kept a version of the UTC atomic time scale since the 1990s, but Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) remained the formal basis for the standard times of all of the states through 2005. In November 2004, the state and territory attorneys-general endorsed a proposal from the Australian National Measurement Institute to adopt UTC as the standard of all Australian standard times, thereby eliminating the effects of slight variations in the rate of rotation of the Earth that are inherent in mean solar time .

All states have adopted the UTC standard, starting on 1 September 2005. In Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT, the starting and ending dates of daylight saving times are officially determined by proclamations , declarations, or regulation made by the State Governor or by the responsible minister. Such instruments may be valid for only the current year, and so this section generally only refers to the legislation. In New South Wales and Western Australia, the starting and ending dates, if any, are to be set by legislation.

Western Standard Time (WST) – UTC+08:00 Western Australia – Standard Time Act 2005 [5] Central Standard Time (ACST) – UTC+09:30 South Australia – Standard Time Act 2009 [6] and the Daylight Saving Act 1971 [7] Northern Territory – Standard Time Act 2005 [8] Eastern Standard Time (AEST) – UTC+10:00 Time offsets during daylight-saving time (from southern hemisphere spring until autumn ) Daylight saving time (DST)[ edit ] Play media A vox-pop from the ABC in Tasmania when DST was introduced in the 1970s. The choice of whether to use DST is a matter for the governments of the individual states and territories. However, during World War I and World War II all states and territories used daylight saving time (DST). In 1968 Tasmania became the first state in peacetime to use DST, followed in 1971 by New South Wales , Victoria , Queensland , South Australia , and the Australian Capital Territory . Western Australia and the Northern Territory did not adopt it.

Queensland abandoned DST in 1972. Queensland and Western Australia have occasionally used DST during the past 40 years during trial periods. The main DST zones are the following: (Australian) Central Daylight Time (CDT or ACDT) – UTC+10:30 , in South Australia (Australian) Eastern Daylight Time (EDT or AEDT) – UTC+11 , in New South Wales, the ACT, Victoria, and Tasmania. During the usual periods of DST, the three standard time zones in Australia become five zones. This includes the areas that do not observe DST: Western Australia (UTC plus 8:00), the Northern Territory (UTC plus 9:30), and Queensland (UTC plus 10:00). The change to and from DST takes place at 2:00 am local standard time the appropriate Sunday. Until 2008, DST usually began on the last Sunday in October, and ended on the last Sunday in March. However, Tasmania, given its latitude further south, began DST earlier, on the first Sunday in October, and ended it later, on the first Sunday of April.

On 12 April 2007, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and the ACT agreed to common beginning and ending dates for DST from 2008. DST in these states and South Australia began on the first Sunday in October and ended on the first Sunday in April. Western Australia was then the only state to use DST from the last Sunday in October to the last Sunday in March, but it abolished DST in 2009. [15] State/territory Road sign near Broken Hill Yancowinna County in New South Wales The town of Broken Hill (specified as Yancowinna County ), is in far western New South Wales . Unlike the rest of New South Wales, Broken Hill (and the surrounding region) observes Australian Central Standard Time ( UTC+9:30 ) a time zone it shares with South Australia and the Northern Territory . As mentioned above, at the time standard time was adopted, Broken Hill was linked to Adelaide by rail, not Sydney .

Lord Howe Island , part of the state of New South Wales but 600 kilometres (370 mi) east of the Australian mainland in the Pacific Ocean, uses UTC+10:30 during the winter months (30 minutes ahead of the eastern states), but advances to UTC+11:00 in summer (the same time as the rest of New South Wales). A compromise between Western and Central time ( UTC+8:45 , without DST), unofficially known as Central Western Standard Time, is used in one area in the southeastern corner of Western Australia and one roadhouse in South Australia . Towns east of Caiguna on the Eyre Highway (including Eucla , Madura , Mundrabilla and Border Village , just over the border into South Australia), follow "CWST" instead of Western Australian time. The total population of that area is estimated at 200 people. [17] This area did not change when South Australia introduced DST. During the Western Australian trial of DST from 2006 to 2009, this area also sets its clocks ahead one hour during summer. This time zone is not officially recognised.

The Indian Pacific train has its own time zone – a so-called "train time" when travelling between Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and Port Augusta, South Australia – which was at UTC plus 9:00 hours during November 2005 when DST was observed in the eastern and southern states. Australia's external territories follow different time zones. Territory Special events[ edit ] In 2000, all of the eastern jurisdictions that normally observe DST – New South Wales, Victoria, the ACT, and Tasmania – began DST early because of the Summer Olympic Games held in Sydney. These jurisdictions moved to DST on 27 August 2000. South Australians did not change their clocks until the usual date, which was 29 October 2000. In 2006, all of the states that followed DST (the above states and South Australia) delayed their return to Standard Times by one week, because of the Commonwealth Games held in Melbourne. DST ended on 2 April 2006. National times[ edit ] There are situations in which a nationwide time is in effect. In the case of business activities, a national time can be used.

For example, a prospectus for the issue of stock in a company would usually set the closing time for offers at some location (e.g. Sydney) as the time when offers must be received, regardless of the source of the offer. Similarly, tenders for their sale of stock usually set out the time at a given location by which they must be received to be considered. Another example is the Australian Stock Exchange which operates on Eastern Standard Time. On the other hand, Federal legislation yields to state-regulated standard times in many diverse situations. For example, it yields in setting the normal working times of Federal employees, the recognition of public holidays, etc. The Federal government also relies on local times for Federal elections, so that the polls in Western Australia close two or three hours after those in the eastern states. Also, documents to be filed in a Federal Court may be filed based on the local time. The effect of this is that if there had been a failure to file a legal document on time in an eastern State, that document can sometimes still be filed (within two hours) in Western Australia. IANA time zone database[ edit ] The 13 zones for Australia as given by zone.tab of the IANA time zone database .

Columns marked * are from the zone.tab. no.

Question: Which issue in the state of Western Australia has been defeated each time it has been put to a plebiscite in 1975, 1984, 1992 & 2009?
Answer: Daylight saving