Learn and talk about Vyvyan Holland, Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, British Army personnel of World War I, English male writers, English people of Irish descent Biography[ edit ] Vyvyan Wilde in 1891 aged 5 After Wilde was convicted of the charge of "gross indecency" and imprisoned, Constance changed her surname, and those of their sons, to Holland. [1] She took the boys to Switzerland and then enrolled them in an English-speaking school in Germany. Vyvyan was unhappy there. Because of this, but also to improve security, Vyvyan was moved to a Jesuit school in Monaco . He converted to Catholicism there and subsequently attended Stonyhurst College , also run by Jesuits. However, his brother Cyril remained at the school in Germany. [2] After Constance's death in 1898 her relatives sought legal counsel to prevent Oscar Wilde from seeing his sons again. Vyvyan studied law at Trinity Hall in the University of Cambridge from 1905, but tired of his studies and left Cambridge in 1907.

[3] On 20 July 1909 he accompanied his father's friend Robert Ross to witness the reburial of his father's remains from Bagneux Cemetery to Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Holland resumed his study of law at the age of 22, and was called to the Bar of England and Wales by the Inner Temple in 1912. He then began to write poems and short stories. [4] Holland's first wife was Violet Craigie, whom he married in 1913. At the start of the First World War in 1914 he was first commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Interpreters Corps, but later transferred into 114 Battery, XXV Bde Royal Field Artillery . He was demobilised on 27 July 1919 and was awarded an OBE . His brother Cyril had been killed by a German sniper on 9 May 1915, during the Battle of Festubert . Holland went on to become an author and translator. At the beginning of the Second World War he was offered a position as a translator and editor for the BBC , a post he held for six years.

In September 1943 he married his second wife, Dorothy Thelma Helen Besant. [5] In 1947 he and Thelma left for Australia and New Zealand, where Mrs Holland had been invited to give lectures on fashionable dress in 19th-century Australia. [4] The couple lived in Melbourne from 1948 to 1952. Their only child, Merlin Holland , became a publisher, a dealer in glass and ceramics, and a writer who edited and published several works about his grandfather. Vyvyan Holland died in London in 1967 aged 80. Original courtesy of Wikipedia: — Please support Wikipedia. This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia . A portion of the proceeds from advertising on Digplanet goes to supporting Wikipedia. We're sorry, but there's no news about "Vyvyan Holland" right now. Limit to books that you can completely read online Include partial books (book previews) Oops, we seem to be having trouble contacting Twitter Support Wikipedia A portion of the proceeds from advertising on Digplanet goes to supporting Wikipedia. Please add your support for Wikipedia! Searchlight Group Digplanet also receives support from Searchlight Group.

Visit Searchlight Copyright © 2009-2016 Digparty. All rights reserved. Vyvyan Holland (1886 - 1967) - Find A Grave Memorial in 1912, Vyvyan Holland began to write poetry and short stories. Holland's first wife was Violet Craigie, whom he married in 1913. World War I: Vyvyan Holland Commissioned Second Lieutenant. Royal Field Artillery The Royal Field Artillery of the British Army came into being when the Royal Artillery was divided on 1 July 1899, it was reamalgamated back into the Royal Artillery in 1924.... . Holland was demobilised on 27 July 1919, and was awarded the OBE Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions... . Holland went on to become an author and translator.

At the beginning of the Second World War, Holland was offered a position as a translator and editor for the BBC BBC The British Broadcasting Corporation is the principal public service broadcaster in the United Kingdom. It is the largest broadcaster in the world with about 23,000 staff. Its global headquarters are located in London and its main responsibility is to provide public service broadcasting, a post Holland held for six years. In September 1943, He married his second wife, Dorothy Thelma Helen Besant.In December 1945,Their Son,Christopher Merlin, Was Born. In 1947, Vyvyan and Thelma Holland left for Australia and New Zealand, where Mrs. Holland had been invited to give lectures on fashionable dress in 19th-century Australia. The couple lived in Melbourne Melbourne Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater geographical area and the Census statistical division�of which "Melbourne" is the common name... from 1948 to 1952. Their only child, Merlin Holland. Christopher Merlin Vyvyan Holland is a biographer and editor.

He is the son of the author Vyvyan Holland and his second wife, the former Thelma Besant, and is the only grandchild of Oscar Wilde... , became a publisher, a dealer in glass and ceramics, and a writer who edited and published several works about his grandfather. Vyvyan Holland died in London in 1967 at the age of 80. Vyvyan Holland (Second) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Vyvyan Holland Male Born Nov 3, 1886 Vyvyan Holland, OBE, born Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde in London, was a British author and translator. He was the second son of Oscar Wilde and Constance Lloyd, after his brother Cyril.

related links Le Bon Genre: Good Taste Is Timeless In Post Revolutionary France Booktryst (Blog) Google News - Aug 29, 2011 'This is a record of English and French fashions since the beginning of the nineteenth century; the English fashions are more in the nature of caricatures, to show how badly Englishwomen dress as compared with the Parisiennesâ (<mark>Vyvyan Holland</mark>,' Oscar Wilde's Lost Play About A Loyal Wife Gets World Premiere The Independent Google News - Jul 09, 2011 'At the time Wilde&#39;s son, <mark>Vyvyan Holland</mark>, said the play seemed to be his father&#39;s.

According to the author and theatre critic Charles Osborne, who translated the French version back into English, de Briel was suspected of collaborating with the Germans' The Old Parsonage, Banbury Road, Oxford Oxford Times Google News - May 04, 2011 'According to writer Martin Seymour-Smith, an Oxford pal of Wilde&#39;s son <mark>Vyvyan Holland</mark>, he used the place for trysts with local tarts picked up in St Ebbe&#39;s. It was here, apparently, that he decided he really preferred blokes' Exploring The Importance Of Being Oscar NYTimes - Apr 23, 2000 'SOMETIMES the world of academia goes wild in selecting subjects for scholarly symposiums. The agendas of interdisciplinary conferences, as they are often called, can smack of pedantry and pretension. When the subject is Wilde, it has such built-in fascination -- scholarship spiced with scandal and lots of great quotes -- the surname is sufficient.' Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Vyvyan Holland. CHILDHOOD 1886 Birth Born on November 3, 1886.

TEENAGE 1898 11 Years Old After Constance's death in 1898 her relatives sought legal counsel to prevent Oscar Wilde from seeing his sons again. … Read More Vyvyan Holland studied law at Trinity Hall in the University of Cambridge from 1905, but tired of his studies and left Cambridge in 1907. Read Less TWENTIES 1909 22 Years Old On 20 July 1909 he accompanied his father's friend Robert Ross to witness the reburial of his father's remains from Bagneux Cemetery to PÃ¨re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. 1912 25 Years Old Holland resumed his study of law at the age of 22, and was called to the Bar of England and Wales by the Inner Temple in 1912. … Read More He then began to write poems and short stories. Read Less 1913 26 Years Old Holland's first wife was Violet Craigie, whom he married in 1913.

1914 27 Years Old At the start of the First World War in 1914 he was first commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Interpreters Corps, but later transferred into 114 Battery, XXV Bde Royal Field Artillery. … Read More He was demobilised on 27 July 1919 and was awarded an OBE. Read Less 1915 28 Years Old His brother Cyril had been killed by a German sniper on 9 May 1915, during the Battle of Festubert. … Read More Holland went on to become an author and translator. At the beginning of the Second World War he was offered a position as a translator and editor for the BBC, a post he held for six years. Read Less FIFTIES Let's talk about Holland, Vyvyan (1886-1967) Wilde's second son was christened "Vyvyan Oscar Beresford," though his parents - according to Rupert Hart-Davis - preferred the spelling "Vivian" (as in one of the speakers' names in Wilde's dialogue "The Decay of Lying").

Holland, however, preferred the spelling given at his christening. Having grown up in the Wildes' residence in Tite Street, Chelsea, Holland later recalled the many visitors to the house, them John Singer Sargent, John Ruskin, Mark Twain, Robert Browning, Algernon Swinburne, and Ellen Terry. Before the trials in 1895, Holland remembers those "happy years" when he and his elder brother Cyril "adored" their father: ... he was a hero to us both. He was so tall and distinguished and, to our uncritical eyes, so handsome.... He was a real companion to us, and we always looked forward eagerly to his frequent visits to our nursery.... He would go down on all fours on the nursery floor, being in turn a lion, a wolf, a horse, caring nothing for his usually immaculate appearance. When the "storm broke" on the Wilde family in April 1895, Constance Wilde decided that, because her two sons could no longer remain at their schools, both Cyril and Vyvyan should be sent to the Continent with a French governess, an exile that lasted more than three years.

While in Switzerland with their mother and her brother, Otho Lloyd, the two boys were informed that they must forget the name of Wilde since the family would henceforth be known as "Holland," an old family name from their mother's side. Moreover, "Vyvyan" would now be spelled "Vivian" and "Oscar Beresford" dropped. However, as Holland later wrote, "The thought that at any moment an indiscreet remark or a chance encounter with someone from our former lives might betray us was a sword of Damocles constantly hanging above our heads". In April 1898, shortly before her death in Genoa (having undergone an operation for a spinal injury suffered earlier), Constance Wilde wrote to Vyvyan: "Try not to feel harshly about your father; remember that he is your father and that he loves you. All his troubles arose from the hatred of a son for his father, and whatever he has done he has suffered bitterly for".

With her death, Vyvyan returned to London, escorted by a priest from Monaco (thenceforth to be taken care of by his mother's aunt), and Cyril, now 13, arrived unescorted several days later from his school in Heidelberg. Vyvyan Holland recalls that, when he was eleven (that is, in 1897), he did not know the nature of his father's offences (though Cyril had discovered the truth). Constance Wilde's family tried to eradicate all memory of Oscar Wilde by telling Vyvyan that his father was dead and that his achievements were of no significance. Vyvyan's misery was so intense over such deception that, at one point, he lay down in the snow and wanted to die. Vyvyan resumed his schooling at Stonyhurst College, Lancashire, while Cyril was sent to Radley School. They were to see little of each other from then on, though they corresponded frequently. Certain incidents occurred that puzzled Vyvyan: "Once more I felt that everyone's hand was against me, and I began to think that there must be something monstrous about my family that caused me always to be in disgrace".

When Wilde died in November 1900, the Rector of Stonyhurst summoned Vyvyan to his office to inform him that his father had died: "But," he said, "I thought he died long ago." The "surprise, the perplexity, the shock" were too much for him, and he broke down in tears. When Vyvyan was 16, he read Robert Sherard's Oscar Wilde: The Story of an Unhappy Friendship (1902) and discovered the truth. He was so "depressed," he writes, that he decided not to read any other books about his father, a resolution that he maintained for many years. In 1905, now 19, he became a student at Trinity Hall, Cambridge University, to qualify for a degree in law. (At this time, when he began reading his father's works, his admiration of his father's literary achievement increased steadily.) Tiring of the law, he left two years later. Before Vyvyan was 21, Robert Ross, who had no idea where Wilde's two sons were, finally met him.

At this time, Vyvyan was still fearful of discovery and ridicule over his father's "disgrace." He later wrote: "I do not try to defend my father's behaviour, but I do think that the penalties inflicted upon him were unnecessarily severe. And by that I do not only mean the prison sentence; I mean the virtual suppression of all his works and the ostracism and insults which he had to endure during the few remaining years of his life". At their first meeting, Ross was accompanied by two of Wilde's closest friends, Max Beerbohm, and Reginald Turner - "a highly emotional meeting," Holland later recalled. On the following day, Ross wrote to him: I regret very much that I was not allowed to see both you and Cyril in the years that have intervened since the tragedy which has darkened your life and about which I know you yourself must feel so bitterly. I believe that I could have made your childhood happier, and it would have made me happier too to know that you realised how fond and devoted I was to you both, because you were the sons of my greatest friend and the most distinguished man of letters in the last years of the last century.

Ross provided the needed friendship and trust by bringing him into contact with Wilde's old friends and progressively into the wider literary and artistic world. As a result, the old fears diminished in the company of the many illustrious figures who admired Wilde's genius. The guarded secret of his relationship to Oscar Wilde, maintained by his mother's family, was now no longer possible. When Holland reached the age of 21, Ross gave him "a magnificent dinner party" in Kensington, where he shared a house with another of Wilde's inner circle, More Adey. Attending were such figures as Henry James, Ronald Firbank (whom Holland had known at Cambridge), the painter Will Rothenstein, Reginald Turner, Charles Ricketts, Charles Shannon, and Cyril Holland. His friends now included Henry James, Max Beerbohm, Thomas Hardy, Arnold Bennett, and H. G. Wells, whom he saw frequently. When Wilde's Collected Works appeared in 1908, a dinner was given to celebrate Ross as its editor. Of the more than 200 guests, such luminaries as Edmund Gosse, H. G.

Wells, William Archer, George Alexander, and Laurence Binyon attended in addition to the Holland brothers - the elder sitting between Rothenstein and the noted critic E. V. Lucas (who, it is said, had suggested the title De Profundis to Ross for Wilde's prison letter), the younger sitting next to Somerset Maugham. On 20 July 1909, Holland accompanied Ross to witness the re-interring of Wilde's remains from Bagneux Cemetery to Pï¿½re Lachaise in Paris (where Jacob Epstein's monument over the gravesite created a controversy: see The Tomb of Wilde). Now, at the age of 22, Holland resumed his study of law with the aim of becoming a barrister; at the same time, he wrote poetry and short stories, secretly wishing that he could write like his admired father, but, he later wrote, "I was not destined to do so". After being called to the bar in 1912, he practiced briefly. When, in 1913, he married Violet Craigie, the daughter of an Army officer, Ross inserted an announcement in the Times that Holland was the son of Oscar Wilde.

"The 'Family,ï¿½" Holland later wrote, "were furious, and I received a terrible letter from my ex-Guardian, accusing me of deliberately undoing all the good work they had done in obliterating Oscar Wilde from my mind and person". With the outbreak of the First World War, Holland entered the Army as a second lieutenant in the Interpreters Corps but was soon informed that no more interpreters were needed; he then transferred to the Royal Field Artillery, in which his brother had served for eight years. At the second battle for Neuve Chapelle, the death of Cyril from a sniper's bullet was a "bitter blow" to Holland, who was only a few miles away: "The last link with Tite Street and the spacious days had snapped". Just before the end of the war, Holland read in a Parisian newspaper that Robert Ross, his "greatest friend," had died suddenly: "...I felt that another of the strings that bound me to life had snapped.". Shortly thereafter, Holland learned that his wife, Violet, had been seriously injured in a fire; before he could reach her from France, she expired.

With the end of the war, Holland - wounded once and mentioned in several dispatches for his bravery under fire - was awarded the Order of the British Empire when he was discharged in 1919. He then embarked on a career as a translator, author, and editor. From 1925 to 1928, he edited a series of 12 French romances of the 18th century for Chatto & Windus, and over the years, he translated fiction and non-fiction from French, German, Spanish, and Italian. Among his notable translations into English were several French novels by Julian Green and a life of Stalin by Henri Barbusse. He also translated and edited several of his father's works: a new translation of Salomï¿½; an edition of the expanded version of The Portrait of Mr. W. H. (the MS. of which had been discovered in 1920); an edition of De Profundis; and a reconstruction of the original four-act version of The Importance of Being Earnest. He also wrote the introduction to a one-volume edition of the Complete Works, and he published Oscar Wilde: A Pictorial Biography.

At the beginning of the Second World War, Holland was offered a position as a translator and editor for the BBC, a post he held for six years, In September 1943, he married Thelma Besant, an Australian, who gave birth in December 1945 to their only child, Merlin (who became a publisher, a dealer in glass and ceramics, and a writer; his son, Lucian, was born in 1979). In 1947, Holland and his wife left for Australia and New Zealand, where Mrs. Holland had been invited to give lectures on fashionable dress in 19th-century Australia. As a result of the acclaim that greeted Son of Oscar Wilde (1954), Holland received hundreds of appreciative letters from friends and strangers. In the "Foreword" to a 1988 reissue of the autobiography, Merlin Holland writes that his father had, "as it were, laid to rest the bitter memory of those early years by the cathartic effect of recording them for posterity." In 1966, Vyvyan Holland published a sequel to Son of Oscar Wilde, the narrative of which ends in 1909.

In Time Remembered, he concludes with the quiet contentment of a man who has lived life to the fullest: "If I ever feel depressed, I contemplate my blessings one by one and say that I am a happy man, that I have no quarrels with fate, which has almost overwhelmed me at times, but which has, in the end, left me, as it were, washed up on the shores of time, in the warm sunlight". In the following year, his amusing final book, An Explosion of Limericks, was issued just a day before he died at the age of 80. References: Vyvyan Holland, Son of Oscar Wilde (1954) and Time Remembered: After Pï¿½re Lachaise (1966). Vyvyan Holland, Writer • Biography & Facts Vyvyan Holland Writer Vyvyan Holland, OBE (3 November 1886 – 10 October 1967), born Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde in London, was a British author and translator. He was the second son of Oscar Wilde and Constance Lloyd, after his brother Cyril.

1000+ images about A Wilde family on Pinterest | The father, Brother and Irish Learn more at Uploaded by user Is this Oscar Wilde's mother? Elisabeth Mansen, who discovered the photograph in the effects of Jane Wilde's friend Lotten von Kraemer, is unsure, as is Oscar's grandson Merlin Holland. But both think it is possible. If it is Jane Wilde, it's the earliest known photograph of her, most likely taken in the 1860s, the time my novel Requiescat is set. For more details see 'A Splendid New Picture of Jane Francesca Wilde?' by Elisabeth Mansen in The Wildean No. 40, Jan 2012. More About: Vyvyan Holland About: Vyvyan Holland An Entity of Type : person , from Named Graph : , within Data Space : dbpedia.org Vyvyan Holland, OBE (3 November 1886 – 10 October 1967), born Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde in London, was a British author and translator. He was the second son of Oscar Wilde and Constance Lloyd, after his brother Cyril. Property Vyvyan oder Vivian Holland (* 3.

November 1886 als Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde in Chelsea (London); † 10. Oktober 1967) war ein britischer Schriftsteller und Übersetzer. (de) Vyvyan Holland (3 novembre 1886 – 10 octobre 1967), né à Londres sous le nom de Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde, était un auteur et un traducteur britannique. Frère cadet de Cyril, il était le second fils d’Oscar Wilde et de Constance Lloyd. Après qu’Oscar Wilde a été convaincu de grossière indécence (gross indecency) et mis en prison, Constance Lloyd changea en Holland son nom et celui de leurs fils, partit avec eux pour la Suisse et les inscrivit dans un collège anglais en Allemagne. (fr) Era il secondo figlio di Oscar Wilde e di Constance Lloyd; il primo figlio, suo fratello, si chiamava Cyril. (it) Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde, OBE (n.

3 de noviembre de 1886 – 10 de octubre de 1967), nacido en Londres, fue un autor y traductor británico. Fue el segundo hijo de Oscar Wilde y Constance Lloyd, después de su hermano Cyril. (es) Vyvyan Holland, OBE (3 November 1886 – 10 October 1967), born Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde in London, was a British author and translator. He was the second son of Oscar Wilde and Constance Lloyd, after his brother Cyril. (en) Vyvyan oder Vivian Holland (* 3. November 1886 als Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde in Chelsea (London); † 10. Oktober 1967) war ein britischer Schriftsteller und Übersetzer. (de) Vyvyan Holland (3 novembre 1886 – 10 octobre 1967), né à Londres sous le nom de Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde, était un auteur et un traducteur britannique.

Frère cadet de Cyril, il était le second fils d’Oscar Wilde et de Constance Lloyd. Après qu’Oscar Wilde a été convaincu de grossière indécence (gross indecency) et mis en prison, Constance Lloyd changea en Holland son nom et celui de leurs fils, partit avec eux pour la Suisse et les inscrivit dans un collège anglais en Allemagne. (fr) Era il secondo figlio di Oscar Wilde e di Constance Lloyd; il primo figlio, suo fratello, si chiamava Cyril. (it) Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde, OBE (n. 3 de noviembre de 1886 – 10 de octubre de 1967), nacido en Londres, fue un autor y traductor británico. Fue el segundo hijo de Oscar Wilde y Constance Lloyd, después de su hermano Cyril. (es) Vyvyan Holland, OBE (3 November 1886 – 10 October 1967), born Vyvyan Oscar Beresford Wilde in London, was a British author and translator.

He was the second son of Oscar Wilde and Constance Lloyd, after his brother Cyril. (en) Oscar Wilde :: English Language Poet :: English Poetry Statue of Oscar Wilde in Dublin's Merrion Square (Archbishop Ryan Park). Birth and early life Oscar Wilde was the second son born into an Anglo-Irish family, at 21 Westland Row, Dublin, to Sir William Wilde and his wife Jane Francesca Elgee. Jane was a successful writer and an Irish nationalist, known also as 'Speranza', while Sir William was Ireland's leading ear and eye surgeon, and wrote books on archaeology and folklore. He was a renowned philanthropist, and his dispensary for the care of the city's poor, in Lincoln Place at the rear of Trinity College, Dublin, was the forerunner of the Dublin Eye and Ear Hospital, now located at Adelaide Road. In June 1855, the family moved to 1 Merrion Square in a fashionable residential area, where Wilde's sister, Isola, was born in 1856. Here, Lady Wilde held a regular Saturday afternoon salon with guests including Sheridan le Fanu, Samuel Lever, George Petrie, Isaac Butt and Samuel Ferguson.

Oscar was educated at home up to the age of nine. He attended Portora Royal School in Enniskillen, Fermanagh from 1864 to 1871, spending the summer months with his family in rural Waterford, Wexford and at Sir William's family home in Mayo. Here the Wilde brothers played with the old George Moore. After leaving Portora, Wilde studied classics at Trinity College, Dublin, from 1871 to 1874. He was an outstanding student, and won the Berkeley Gold Medal, the highest award available to classics students at Trinity. He was granted a scholarship to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he continued his studies from 1874 to 1878 and where he became a part of the Aesthetic movement, one of its tenets being to make an art of life. While at Magdalen, he won the 1878 Newdigate Prize for his poem Ravenna, which he read out at Encaenia; he failed, though, to win the Chancellor's English Essay Prize for an essay that would be published posthumously as The Rise of Historical Criticism (1909).

In November 1878, he graduated with a double first in classical moderations and literae humaniores, or 'greats'. Marriage and family After graduating from Magdalen, Wilde returned to Dublin, where he met and fell in love with Florence Balcombe. She in turn became engaged to Bram Stoker. On hearing of her engagement, Wilde wrote to her stating his intention to leave Ireland permanently. He left in 1878 and was to return to his native country only twice, for brief visits. The next six years were spent in London, Paris and the United States, where he travelled to deliver lectures. Wilde's address in the 1881 British Census is given as 1 Tite Street, London. The head of the household is listed as Frank Miles with whom Wilde shared rooms at this address. In London, he met Constance Lloyd, daughter of wealthy Queen's Counsel Horace Lloyd. She was visiting Dublin in 1884, when Oscar was in the city to give lectures at the Gaiety Theatre. He proposed to her and they married on May 29, 1884 in Paddington, London.

Constance's allowance of £250 allowed the Wildes to live in relative luxury. The couple had two sons, Cyril (1885) and Vyvyan (1886). After Oscar's downfall, Constance took the surname Holland for herself and the boys. She died in 1898 following spinal surgery and was buried in Staglieno Cemetery in Genoa, Italy. Cyril was killed in France in World War I. Vyvyan survived the war and went on to become an author and translator. He published his memoirs in 1954. Vyvyan's son, Merlin Holland, has edited and published several works about his grandfather. Oscar Wilde's niece, Dolly Wilde, was involved in a lengthy lesbian affair with writer Natalie Clifford Barney. Aestheticism Keller cartoon from the Wasp of San Francisco depicting Wilde on the occasion of his visit there in 1882. While at Magdalen College, Wilde became particularly well known for his role in the aesthetic and decadent movements.

He began wearing his hair long and openly scorning so-called "manly" sports, and began decorating his rooms with peacock feathers, lilies, sunflowers, blue china and other objets d'art. Legends persist that his behaviour cost him a dunking in the River Cherwell in addition to having his rooms (which still survive as student accommodation at his old college) trashed, but the cult spread among certain segments of society to such an extent that languishing attitudes, "too-too" costumes and aestheticism generally became a recognised pose. Publications such as the Springfield Republican commented on Wilde's behaviour during his visit to Boston in order to give lectures on aesthetiscism, suggesting that Wilde's conduct was more of a bid for notoriety rather than a devotion to beauty and the aesthetic. Wilde's mode of dress also came under attack by critics such as Higginson, who wrote in his paper Unmanly Manhood, at his general concern that Wildes' effeminacy would influence the behaviour of men and women, arguing that his poetry "eclipses masculine ideals [..that..] under such influence men would become effeminate dandies'.

He also scrutinises the link that Oscar Wildes' writing, personal image and homosexuality may have, resulting in calling his work and lifestyle 'Immoral'. Wilde was deeply impressed by the English writers John Ruskin and Walter Pater, who argued for the central importance of art in life. He later commented ironically on this view when he wrote, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, "All art is quite useless", a statement meant to be read literally, as it was in keeping with the doctrine of Art for art's sake, coined by the philosopher Victor Cousin, promoted by Theophile Gautier and brought into prominence by James McNeill Whistler. The aesthetic movement, represented by the school of William Morris and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, had a permanent influence on English decorative art. As the leading aesthete in Britain, Wilde became one of the most prominent personalities of his day. Though he was sometimes ridiculed for them, his paradoxes and witty sayings were quoted on all sides. Aestheticism in general was caricatured in Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta Patience (1881). While Patience was a success in New York it was not known how much the aesthetic movement had penetrated the rest of America.

So Richard D'Oyly Carte invited Wilde for a lecture tour of North America. D'Oyly Carte felt this tour would "prime the pump" for the tour of Patience, making sure that the ticket-buying public was aware of one of the movement's charming personalities. This was duly arranged, Wilde arriving on 3 January 1882, aboard the SS Arizona. Wilde is reputed to have told a customs officer "I have nothing to declare except my genius", although there is no contemporary evidence for the remark. In 1879 Wilde started to teach Aesthetic values in London. In 1882 he went on a lecture tour in the United States and Canada. He was torn apart by no small number of critics — The Wasp, a San Francisco newspaper, published a cartoon ridiculing Wilde and Aestheticism — but he was also surprisingly well received in such rough-and-tumble settings as the mining town of Leadville, Colorado. [1] On his return to the United Kingdom, he worked as a reviewer for the Pall Mall Gazette in the years 1887-1889. Afterwards he became the editor of Woman's World.

Politically, Wilde endorsed an anarchistic brand of socialism, expounding his beliefs in the text "The Soul of Man under Socialism". Wilde's sexuality Robert Ross at twenty-four Though Wilde's sexual orientation has variously been considered bisexual, homosexual, and paederastic, Wilde himself felt he belonged to a culture of male love inspired by the Greek paederastic tradition.[1] In describing his own sexual identity, Wilde used the term Socratic.[2] He may have had significant sexual relationships with (in chronological order) Frank Miles, Constance Lloyd (Wilde's wife), Robert Baldwin Ross, and Lord Alfred Douglas ("Bosie"). Wilde also had numerous sexual encounters with working-class male youths, who were often rent boys. Biographers generally believe Wilde was introduced to homosexuality in 1885 (the year after his wedding) by the 17-year-old Robert Baldwin Ross. Neil McKenna's biography The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde (2003) theorises that Wilde was aware of his homosexuality much earlier, from the moment of his first kiss with another boy at the age of 16.

According to McKenna, after arriving at Oxford in 1874, Wilde tentatively explored his sexuality, discovering that he could feel passionate romantic love for "fair, slim" choirboys, but was more sexually drawn towards the swarthy young rough trade. By the late 1870s, Wilde was already preoccupied with the philosophy of same-sex love, and had befriended a group of Uranian (pederastic) poets and homosexual law reformers, becoming acquainted with the work of gay-rights pioneer Karl-Heinrich Ulrichs. Wilde also met Walt Whitman in America in 1882, writing to a friend that there was "no doubt" about the great American poet's sexual orientation — "I have the kiss of Walt Whitman still on my lips," he boasted. He even lived with the society painter Frank Miles, who was a few years his senior and may have been his lover. However, writes McKenna, he was at one time unhappy with the direction of his sexual and romantic desires, and, hoping that marriage would cure him, he married Constance Lloyd in 1884.

McKenna's account has been criticized by some reviewers who find it too speculative, although not necessarily implausible.[2] Regardless of whether or not Wilde was still naïve when he first met Ross, Ross did play an important role in the development of Wilde's understanding of his own sexuality. Ross was aware of Wilde's poems before they met, and indeed had been beaten for reading them. He was also unmoved by the Victorian prohibition against homosexuality. By Richard Ellmann's account, Ross, "...so young and yet so knowing, was determined to seduce Wilde." Later, Ross boasted to Lord Alfred Douglas that he was "the first boy Oscar ever had" and there seems to have been much jealousy between them. Soon, Wilde entered a world of regular sex with youths such as servants and newsboys, in their mid to late teens, whom he would meet in homosexual bars or brothels. In Wilde's words, the relations were akin to "feasting with panthers", and he revelled in the risk: "the danger was half the excitement." In his public writings, Wilde's first celebration of romantic love between men and boys can be found in The Portrait of Mr. W. H.

(1889), in which he propounds a theory that Shakespeare's sonnets were written out of the poet's love of Elizabethan boy actor "Willie Hughes". In the early summer of 1891 he was introduced by the poet Lionel Johnson to the twenty-two-year-old Lord Alfred Douglas, an undergraduate at Oxford at the time. An intimate friendship immediately sprang up between the two, but it was not initially sexual, nor did the sexuality progress far when it did eventually take place. According to Douglas, speaking in his old age, for the first six months their relations remained on a purely intellectual and emotional level. Despite the fact that "from the second time he saw me, when he gave me a copy of Dorian Gray which I took with me to Oxford he made overtures to me. It was not till I had known him for at least six months and after I had seen him over and over again and he had twice stayed with me in Oxford, that I gave in to him. I did with him and allowed him to do just what was done among boys at Winchester and Oxford . Sodomy never took place between us, nor was it attempted or dreamed of.

Wilde treated me as an older one does a younger one at school." After Wilde realized that Douglas only consented in order to please him, as his instincts drew him not to men but to younger boys, Wilde permanently ceased his physical attentions.[3] For a few years they lived together more or less openly in a number of locations. Wilde and some within his upper-class social group also began to speak about homosexual law reform, and their commitment to "The Cause" was formalised by the founding of a highly secretive organisation called the Order of Chaeronea, of which Wilde was a member. A homosexual novel, Teleny or The Reverse of the Medal, written at about the same time and clandestinely published in 1893, has been attributed to Oscar Wilde, but was probably, in fact, a combined effort by a number of Wilde's friends, which Wilde edited. Wilde also periodically contributed to the Uranian literary journal The Chameleon. Lord Alfred's first mentor had been his cosmopolitan and effeminate grandfather Alfred Montgomery.

His older brother Francis Douglas, Viscount Drumlanrig also had a (possibly homosexual) association with the Prime Minister Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, which ended on Francis's death in a shooting accident, a possible suicide. Lord Alfred's father John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry came to believe his sons had been corrupted by older homosexuals, or as he phrased it in a letter, "Snob Queers like Rosebery".[4] As he had attempted to do with Rosebery, Queensberry confronted Wilde and Lord Alfred on several occasions, but each time Wilde was able to mollify him. Divorced and spending wildly, Queensberry was known for his outspoken views and the boxing roughs who often accompanied him. He abhorred his younger son and plagued the boy with threats to cut him off if he did not stop idling his life away. Queensberry was determined to end the friendship with Wilde. Wilde was in full flow of rehearsal when Bosie returned from a diplomatic posting to Cairo, around the time Queensberry visited Wilde at his Tite Street home.

He angrily pushed past Wilde's servant and entered the ground floor study, shouting obscenities and asking Wilde about his divorce (rumours were rife). Wilde became incensed, but it is said he calmly told his manservant that Queensberry was the most infamous brute in London, and that he was not to be shown into the house ever again. Despite the presence of a bodyguard, Wilde forced Queensberry to leave in no uncertain terms. On the opening night of The Importance of Being Earnest Queensberry further planned to insult and socially embarrass Wilde by throwing a bouquet of turnips. Wilde was tipped off, and Queensberry was barred from entering the theatre. Wilde took legal advice against him, and wished to prosecute, but Wilde's friends refused to give evidence against the Marquess and hence the case was dropped.

Wilde and Bosie left London for a vacation in Monte Carlo and while away, on February 18, 1895, the Marquess left his calling card at Wilde's family Club.[5] Trial, imprisonment, and transfer to Reading Gaol The Marquess of Queensberry's calling card with the offending inscription Wilde made a complaint of criminal libel against Lord Alfred Douglas's father, the ninth Marquess of Queensberry, for leaving him a calling card at his club. The offending card read For Oscar Wilde, posing Somdomite (sic). The Marquess was arrested and later freed on bail. The libel trial became a cause célèbre as salacious details of Wilde's private life with Alfred Taylor and Lord Alfred Douglas began to appear in the press. A team of detectives, with the help of the actor Charles Brookfield, had directed Queensberry's lawyers (led by Edward Carson QC) to the world of the Victorian underground.

Here Wilde's association with blackmailers and rent boys, cross dressers and homosexual brothels was recorded, and various persons involved were interviewed, some being coerced to appear as witnesses.[6] The libel trial opened on April 3 among scenes of near hysteria both in the press and the public galleries. After a shaky start, Wilde regained some ground when defending his art from attacks of perversion. The Picture of Dorian Gray came under fierce moral criticism, but Wilde fended it off with his usual charm and confidence on artistic matters. Some of his personal letters to Lord Alfred were examined, their wording challenged as inappropriate and evidence of immoral relations. Queensberry's legal team proposed that the libel was published for the public good, but it was only when the prosecution moved on to sexual matters that Wilde noticeably baulked. He was challenged on the reason given for not kissing a young servant; Wilde had replied, "He was a particularly plain boy--unfortunately ugly--I pitied him for it."[7] The defendant's lawyers pressed him on the point. Wilde hesitated, complaining of Carson's insults and attempts to unnerve him. It was the beginning of the end. The prosecution eventually dropped the case.

The defence threat to bring rent boys to the stand to testify to Wilde's corruption and influence over Queensberry's son effectively crippled the case. After Wilde left the court a warrant for his arrest was applied for and later served on him at the Cadogan Hotel, Knightsbridge. That moment was immortalised by Sir John Betjeman's poem. He was arrested for "gross indecency" under Section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 In British legislation of the time, this term implied 'homosexual acts not amounting to buggery', according to the scholar H. Montgomery Hyde.[8]. After his arrest Wilde sent Robert Ross to his home in Tite Street with orders to remove certain items. Ross broke into the bedroom and rescued some of Wilde's belongings. Wilde was then imprisoned on remand at Holloway where he received daily visits from Lord Alfred Douglas. Events moved quickly and his prosecution opened on April 26, 1895. Wilde had already begged Douglas to leave London for Paris, but Douglas complained bitterly, even wanting to take the stand; however, he was pressed to go and soon fled to the Hotel du Monde. Ross and many others also left England during this time.

When under cross examination Wilde did not speak directly for same-sex love, but he nevertheless defended Douglas's poem about it eloquently: Charles Gill (pros.): What is, "the love that dares not speak its name?" Wilde: "The love that dares not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare. It is that deep spiritual affection that is as pure as it is perfect. It dictates and pervades great works of art, like those of Shakespeare and Michelangelo, and those two letters of mine, such as they are. It is in this century misunderstood, so much misunderstood that it may be described as "the love that dares not speak its name," and on that account of it I am placed where I am now. It is beautiful, it is fine, it is the noblest form of affection. There is nothing unnatural about it.

It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an older and a younger man, when the older man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him. That it should be so, the world does not understand. The world mocks at it, and sometimes puts one in the pillory for it." This trial ended with the jury unable to reach a verdict. As a result, Wilde's counsel, Sir Edward Clark, was finally able to agree bail. Wilde was freed from Holloway and went into hiding at the house of Ernest and Ada Leverson, both firm friends of his. The Reverend Stuart Hedlam put up most of the £5,000 bail,[9] having disagreed with Wilde's heinous treatment by the press and the courts. Edward Carson, it was said, asked for the service to let up on Wilde.[10] His request was denied. If the Crown was seen to give up at that point, it would have appeared that there was one rule for some and not others, and outrage would have followed. The final trial was presided over by Mr. Justice [Sir Alfred] Wills.

On May 25, 1895 Wilde was convicted of gross indecency and sentenced to two years' hard labour. His conviction angered some observers, one of whom demanded, in a published letter, "Why does not the Crown prosecute every boy at a public or private school or half the men in the Universities?" in reference to the presumed pederastic proclivities of English upper class men.[11] He was imprisoned first in Pentonville and then in Wandsworth prison in London, and finally transferred in November to Reading Prison, some 30 miles west of London. Wilde knew the town of Reading from happier times when boating on the Thames and also from visits to the Palmer family, including a tour of the famous Huntley & Palmers biscuit factory quite close to the prison. Now known as prisoner C. 3.3, (which described the fact that he was in block C, floor three, cell three) he was not, at first, even allowed paper and pen to write with, but a later governor was more amenable to reforms. Wilde was championed by the reformer Lord Haldane who had helped transfer him and allow him the penned catharsis he needed.

During his time in prison, Wilde wrote a 50,000 word letter to Douglas, which he was not allowed to send while still a prisoner, but which he was allowed to take with him at the end of his sentence. On his release, he gave the manuscript to Ross, who may or may not have carried out Wilde's instructions to send a copy to Douglas who, in turn, denied having received it. Ross published a much expurgated version of the letter (about a third of it) in 1905 (four years after Wilde's death) with the title De Profundis, expanding it slightly for an edition of Wilde's collected works in 1908, and then donated it to the British Museum on the understanding that it would not be made public until 1960. In 1949, Wilde's son Vyvyan Holland published it again, including parts formerly omitted, but relying on a faulty typescript bequeathed to him by Ross. Its complete and correct publication did not take place until 1962, in The Letters of Oscar Wilde.

Release and death Wilde's tomb, sculpted by Sir Jacob Epstein, in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris Prison was unkind to Wilde's health and after he was released on May 19, 1897 he spent his last three years penniless, in self-imposed exile from society and artistic circles. He went under the assumed name of Sebastian Melmoth, after the famously "penetrated" Saint Sebastian and the devilish central character of Wilde's great-uncle Charles Robert Maturin's gothic novel Melmoth the Wanderer. Nevertheless, Wilde lost no time in returning to his previous pleasures. According to Douglas, Ross "dragged [him] back to homosexual practices" during the summer of 1897, which they spent together in Berneval. After his release, he also wrote the famous poem The Ballad of Reading Gaol. Wilde spent his last years in the Hôtel d'Alsace, now known as L'Hôtel, in Paris, where he was notorious and uninhibited about enjoying the pleasures he had been denied in England. Again according to Douglas, "he was hand in glove with all the little boys on the Boulevard.

He never attempted to conceal it." In a letter to Ross, Wilde laments, "Today I bade good-bye, with tears and one kiss, to the beautiful Greek boy. he is the nicest boy you ever introduced to me."[12] Just a month before his death he is quoted as saying, "My wallpaper and I are fighting a duel to the death. One or other of us has got to go." Wilde died of cerebral meningitis on November 30, 1900. Different opinions are given on the cause of the meningitis; Richard Ellmann claimed it was syphilitic; Merlin Holland, Wilde's grandson, thought this to be a misconception, noting that Wilde's meningitis followed a surgical intervention, perhaps a mastoidectomy; Wilde's physicians, Dr. Paul Cleiss and A'Court Tucker, reported that the condition stemmed from an old suppuration of the right ear (une ancienne suppuration de l'oreille droite d'ailleurs en traitement depuis plusieurs années) and did not allude to syphilis. Most modern scholars and doctors agree that syphilis was unlikely to have been the cause of his death. On his deathbed he was received into the Roman Catholic church.

Robert Ross, in his letter to More Adey dated 14 December 1900, states "He was conscious that people were in the room, and raised his hand when I asked him whether he understood. He pressed our hands. I then sent in search of a priest, and after great difficulty found Father Cuthbert Dunne. who came with me at once and administered Baptism and Extreme Unction. - Oscar could not take the Eucharist".[13] Wilde was buried in the Cimetière de Bagneux outside Paris but was later moved to Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. His tomb in Père Lachaise was designed by sculptor Sir Jacob Epstein, at the request of Robert Ross, who also asked for a small compartment to be made for his own ashes. Ross's ashes were transferred to the tomb in 1950. The numerous spots on it are lipstick traces from admirers. The modernist angel depicted as a relief on the tomb was originally complete with male genitals. They were broken off as obscene and kept as a paperweight by a succession of Père Lachaise Cemetery keepers. Their current whereabouts are unknown.

In the summer of 2000, intermedia artist Leon Johnson performed a 40 minute ceremony entitled Re-membering Wilde in which a commissioned silver prosthesis was installed to replace the vandalised genitals.[14] The manuscripts of Oscar Wilde Main article: The Manuscripts of Oscar Wilde The manuscripts of A Florentine Tragedy and an essay on Shakespeare's sonnets were the objects that Ross had taken from Wilde's Tite Street house in 1895 at his request. In 1904, a five-act tragedy, The Duchess of Padua, written by Wilde about 1883 for Mary Anderson but not acted by her, was published in German (Die Herzogin von Padua, translated by Max Meyerfeld) in Berlin. The original transcript of the libel trial turned up when the British Library put out a call for all things Wilde to celebrate the centenary of his death. Wilde's grandson published it under the title of 'Irish Peacock & Scarlet Marquis' in 2003. Biographies Oscar Wilde's house in Tite Street, Chelsea After Wilde's death, his friend Frank Harris wrote a biography, Oscar Wilde: His Life and Confessions.

Of his other close friends, Robert Sherard, Robert Ross, Charles Ricketts and Lord Alfred Douglas variously published biographies, reminiscences or correspondence. An account of the argument between Frank Harris, Lord Alfred Douglas and Oscar Wilde as to the advisability of Wilde's prosecuting Queensberry can be found in the preface to George Bernard Shaw's play The Dark Lady of the Sonnets. In 1946, Hesketh Pearson published The Life of Oscar Wilde (Methuen), containing materials derived from conversations with Bernard Shaw, George Alexander, Herbert Beerbohm Tree and many others who had known or worked with Wilde. This is a lively read, although inevitably somewhat dated in its approach. It gives a particularly vivid impression of what Wilde's conversation must have been like. In 1954 Vyvyan Holland published his memoir Son of Oscar Wilde. It was revised and updated by Merlin Holland in 1999. In 1955 Sewell Stokes wrote a novel, Beyond His Means, based on the life of Oscar Wilde. In 1975 H. Montgomery Hyde published Oscar Wilde: A Biography.

In 1983 Peter Ackroyd published The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde, a novel in the form of a pretended memoir. In 1987 literary biographer Richard Ellmann published his detailed work Oscar Wilde. In 1997 Merlin Holland published a book entitled The Wilde Album. This rather small volume contained many pictures and other Wilde memorabilia, much of which had not been published before. It includes 27 pictures taken by the portrait photographer Napoleon Sarony, one of which is at the beginning of this article. 1999 saw the publication of Oscar Wilde on Stage and Screen written by Robert Tanitch. This book is a comprehensive record of Wilde's life and work as presented on stage and screen from 1880 until 1999. It includes cast lists and snippets of reviews. In 2000 Columbia University professor Barbara Belford published the biography, "Oscar Wilde: A Certain Genius." 2003 saw the publication of the first complete account of Wilde's sexual and emotional life in The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde by Neil McKenna (Century/Random House).

2005 saw the publication of The Unmasking of Oscar Wilde, by literary biographer Joseph Pearce. It explores the Catholic sensibility in his art, his interior suffering and dissatisfaction, and his lifelong fascination with the Catholic Church, which led to his deathbed conversion. Biographical films, television series and stage plays The play Oscar Wilde (1936), written by Leslie and Sewell Stokes, based on the life of Wilde, included Frank Harris as a character. Starring Robert Morley, the play opened at the Gate Theatre in London in 1936, and two years later was staged in New York where its success launched the career of Morley as a stage actor. Two films of his life were released in 1960. The first to be released was Oscar Wilde starring Robert Morley and based on the Stokes brothers' play mentioned above. Then came The Trials of Oscar Wilde starring Peter Finch. At the time homosexuality was still a criminal offence in the UK and both films were rather cagey in touching on the subject without being explicit. In 1960, Irish actor Micheál MacLiammóir began performing a one-man show called The Importance of Being Oscar.

The show was heavily influenced by Brechtian theory and contained many poems and samples of Wilde's writing. The play was a success and MacLiammoir toured it with success everywhere he went. It was published in 1963. In the summer of 1977 Vincent Price began performing the one-man play Diversions and Delights. Written by John Gay and directed by Joe Hardy, the premise of the play is that an aging Oscar Wilde, in order to earn some much-needed money, gave a lecture on his life in a Parisian theatre on November 28, 1899 (just a year before his death). The play was a success everywhere it was performed, except for its New York City run. It was revived in 1990 in London with Donald Sinden in the role. In 1978 London Weekend Television produced a television series about the life of Lillie Langtry entitled Lillie. In it Peter Egan played Oscar. The bulk of his scenes portrayed their close friendship up to and including their tours of America in 1882. Thereafter, he was in a few more scenes leading up to his trials in 1895.

Michael Gambon portrayed Wilde on British Television in 1983 in the three-part BBC series Oscar concentrating on the trial and prison term. 1988 saw Nickolas Grace playing Wilde in Ken Russell's film Salome's Last Dance. In 1989 Terry Eagleton premiered his play St. Oscar. Eagleton agrees that only one line in the entire play is taken directly from Wilde, while the rest of the dialogue is his own fancy. The play is also influenced by Brechtian theory. A fuller look at his life, without any of the restrictions of the 1960 films, is Wilde (1997) starring Stephen Fry. Fry, an acknowledged Wilde scholar, also appeared as Wilde in the short-lived American television series Ned Blessing (1993). Moises Kaufman's 1997 play Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde uses real quotes and transcripts of Wilde's three trials. Wilde appears as a supporting character in Tom Stoppard's 1997 play The Invention of Love and is referenced extensively in Stoppard's 1974 play Travesties.

David Hare's 1998 play The Judas Kiss portrays Wilde as a manly homosexual Christ figure. The main character in the Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty musical A Man of No Importance identifies himself with Oscar Wilde, and Wilde appears to him several times. Actor/playwright Jade Esteban Estrada portrayed Wilde in the solo musical comedy ICONS: The Lesbian and Gay History of the World, Vol. 1 in 2002. Oscar: in October 2004, a stage musical by Mike Read about Oscar Wilde, closed after just one night at the Shaw Theatre in Euston after a severe critical mauling. A play was made in Argentina called "The importance of being Oscar Wilde" produced by Pepito Cibrian Oscar Wilde in modern popular culture Wilde is an iconic figure in modern popular culture, both as a wit and as an archetype of gay identity.

Such references to him include a Monty Python skit called "Oscar Wilde and Friends,"[15] anachronistic inclusion in Todd Haynes' 1998 film Velvet Goldmine (where Wilde's persona is presented as a precursor to glam rock); Dorian, Will Self's 2004 reworking of Wilde's novel, set in 1981; and Melmoth, Dave Sim's comic book, which retells the story of Wilde's final months with the names and places slightly altered to fit the world of Cerebus the Aardvark. Many songs have alluded to Wilde or his works, including The Smiths' "Cemetry Gates" and British singer / songwriter James Blunt's "Tears and Rain" (which mentions Dorian Gray). The Libertines sing about how nice it would be to be "Dorian Gray, just for a day" in their song "Narcissist" on their 2004 LP. There is also a mention of Dorian Gray and "A picture in gray..." in the song "The Ocean" by U2 from their debut album Boy.

"The Long Voyage" from French producer Hector Zazou's 1994 album Chansons des mers froides, on which Suzanne Vega and John Cale recite lyrics based on Wilde's poem "Silhouettes". "Resist", by Canadian rock group Rush, was inspired by Wilde.[citation needed] Given his brilliance of phrasing, his ability to twist common axioms, and his biographical flourishes, Wilde continues to provide material for venues such as Uncyclopedia, a parody of Wikipedia.[16] Oscar Wilde's image is currently used as the logo of the International Dublin Gay Theatre Festival.

Bibliography The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898) Plays Vera; or, The Nihilists (1880) The Duchess of Padua (1883) Salomé (French version) (1893, first performed in Paris 1896) Lady Windermere's Fan (1892) A Woman of No Importance (1893) Salomé: A Tragedy in One Act: Translated from the French of Oscar Wilde by Lord Alfred Douglas with illustrations by Aubrey Beardsley (1894) An Ideal Husband (1895) (text) The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) (text) La Sainte Courtisane and A Florentine Tragedy Fragmentary.

First published 1908 in Methuen's Collected Works (Dates are dates of first performance, which approximate better with the probable date of composition than dates of publication.) Prose List of people on stamps of Ireland William Andrews Clark Memorial Library Notes ^ "We know that Wilde engaged in sexual acts with males, loved obsessively at least one male, cultivated a style of male-male intimacy and of Aesthetic transgression, thought of himself as in a tradition fostered by Greek pederastic love, expressed guilt for his same-sex acts/desires." John Maynard, "Sexuality and Love," in A Companion to Victorian Poetry, Ed. Richard Cronin et al. ^ Rictor Norton, A Critique of Social Constructionism and Postmodern Queer Theory, "A False 'Birth'," 1 June 2002 < ^ H. Montgomery Hyde, The Love That Dared not Speak its Name; p.144 ^ Richard Ellman 'Oscar Wilde' Pullitzer prize winning biography ^ Irish Peacock & Scarlet Marquis, Merlin Holland ^ Richard Ellman 'Oscar Wilde' Pulitzer prize winning biography. ^ Irish Peacock & Scarlet Marquis, Merlin Holland ^ H.

Montgomery Hyde, The Love That Dared not Speak its Name; p.5 ^ Trials Of Oscar Wilde - Introduction by Sir Travers Humphrey QC ^ Richard Ellman, Oscar Wilde pg 435. Carson Approached Frank Lockwood (QC) and asked 'Can we not let up on the fellow now? ^ H. Montgomery Hyde, The Love That Dared Not Speak Its Name, p.170; Boston: Little, Brown, 1970 ^ H. Montgomery Hyde, op.cit. p.152 ^ Holland, A. and Rupert Hart-Davis (2000): The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde. pp. 1219-1220, New York: Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 0805059156 ^ (RE)membering Wilde, retrieved on 2007-01-12 ^ "Oscar Wilde and Friends" on YouTube ^ Wilde:Main Page (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-05-25.

The Oscar Wilde Society Information concerning Wilde's conversion to Catholicism Transcript of Oscar Wilde's trials Statue of Oscar Wilde and Eduard Vilde in Tartu (second largest city in Estonia) William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, home to the most comprehensive Oscar Wilde collection in the world. Reading Between the Lines Ragged Edge Magazine article by Louise Norlie, Treatment of Disability in The Birthday of the Infanta Prison Reform Oscar Wilde and his letters to the Daily Chronicle; Prison reform and De Profundis Michael Matthew Kaylor, Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Pater and Wilde (2006), a 500-page scholarly volume that situates Wilde among the Victorian writers of Uranian poetry and prose (the author has made this volume available in a free, open-access, PDF version). Oscar Wilde, Knitting Circle article. Includes information about Maggi Hambling's Wilde statue in London, and the controversy that has attended it. Online texts

Question: British author Vyvyan Holland was the son of which writer and poet?
Answer: Oscar Wilde