The Golden Temple, Amritsar The Golden Temple, Amritsar The Golden Temple ( Enlarge ) The Golden Temple, located in the city of Amritsar in the state of Punjab,is a place of great beauty and sublime peacefulness. Originally a small lake in the midst of a quiet forest, the site has been a meditation retreat for wandering mendicants and sages since deep antiquity. The Buddha is known to have spent time at this place in contemplation. Two thousand years after Buddha's time, another philosopher-saint came to live and meditate by the peaceful lake. This was Guru Nanak (1469-1539), the founder of the Sikh religion. After the passing away of Guru Nanak, his disciples continued to frequent the site; over the centuries it became the primary sacred shrine of the Sikhs. The lake was enlarged and structurally contained during the leadership of the fourth Sikh Guru (Ram Dass, 1574-1581), and during the leadership of the fifth Guru (Arjan, 1581-1606), the Hari Mandir, or Temple of God was built.

From the early 1600s to the mid 1700s the sixth through tenth Sikh Gurus were constantly involved in defending both their religion and their temple against Muslim armies. On numerous occasions the temple was destroyed by the Muslims, and each time was rebuilt more beautifully by the Sikhs. From 1767 onwards, the Sikhs became strong enough militarily to repulse invaders. Peace returned to the Hari Mandir. Hari Mandir, Amritsar, India ( Enlarge ) The temple's architecture draws on both Hindu and Muslim artistic styles yet represents a unique coevolution of the two. During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), Hari Mandir was richly ornamented with marble sculptures, golden gilding, and large quantities of precious stones. Within the sanctuary, on a jewel-studded platform, lies the Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture of the Sikhs. This scripture is a collection of devotional poems, prayers, and hymns composed by the ten Sikh gurus and various Muslim and Hindu saints.

Beginning early in the morning and lasting until long past sunset, these hymns are chanted to the exquisite accompaniment of flutes, drums, and stringed instruments. Echoing across the serene lake, this enchantingly beautiful music induces a delicate yet powerful state of trance in the pilgrims strolling leisurely around the marble concourse encircling the pool and temple. An underground spring feeds the sacred lake, and throughout the day and night pilgrims immerse themselves in the water, a symbolic cleansing of the soul rather than an actual bathing of the body. Next to the temple complex are enormous pilgrims' dormitories and dining halls where all persons, irrespective of race, religion, or gender, are lodged and fed for free. Amritsar, the original name of first the ancient lake, then the temple complex, and still later the surrounding city, means "pool of ambrosial nectar." Looking deeply into the origins of this word amrit, we find that it indicates a drink of the gods, a rare and magical substance that catalyzes euphoric states of consciousness and spiritual enlightenment. With this word we have a very clear example of the spirit, power, or energetic character of a particular place becoming encoded as an ancient geographical place name.

The myth is not just a fairy tale. It reveals itself as a coded metaphor if we have the knowledge to read the code: The waters of Amritsar flowing into the lake of the Hari Mandir were long ago - and remain today - a bringer of peacefulness. Sikh pilgrims at the Golden Temple, Amritsar, India ( Enlarge ) Golden Temple Aerial View by Helicopter Photograph by Grenade Singh Amritsar - The City Of The Golden Temple Amritsar – The City Of The Golden Temple Amritsar is one of the major cities in northwestern India in the state of Punjab which is renowned as a religious metropolis. Thousands of pilgrims and tourists visit this holy city every year either for religious purposes or for taking in the religious ambience that this city has to offer. Dotted with many Gurudwarahs or Sikh places of worship, the city is also home to the famous Golden Temple which is truly a sight to behold. The name of the city is derived from the lake that surrounds this beautiful temple; literally meaning – a lake of elixir. There are numerous other attractions that the city offers, other than religious shrines and temples, such as museums and places of historical importance.

A visit to India is incomplete without at least a sojourn in this city of saints. Reaching Amritsar Amritsar is well connected to many cities in India and is accessible by railroad, air, and by roads. The nearest airport is located 11 kilometers or six miles form the center of the city and is an international airport, well connected to all the major cities in India and to other places such as London, Toronto, and Middle Eastern countries. The city is also well connected to all the major cities in India including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Lucknow, and Jammu. Some of the important trains are – Shatabdi Express (Delhi), Shan-e-Punjab Express (Delhi), Golden Temple Mail (Delhi, Mumbai), Howrah-Amritsar Mail (Kolkata, Lucknow, Patna, Varnasi) and Muri Express (Jammu). Rail tickets need to be booked well in advance and the same is true with the return bookings. If you are an occidental traveler, it is better to opt for the Air-conditioned bogie in order to avoid rush and discomfort. The city is also well connected by road to many other cities in India and within a days travel.

However it is better to avoid road journeys as they can be tiring and cramped. Getting Around Getting around the city is not very difficult and services such as auto-rickshaws, cycle- rickshaws and taxis can be availed of. The cheapest being the cycle rickshaws and the most expensive albeit comfortable option would be taxis that are abundant. Places Of Interest There are numerous temples and Gurudwarahs in Amritsar; however the city is also home to some other places of interest such as museums and other locations that carry significant historical importance. The Golden Temple The Golden temple or Harmandir Sahib as it is known among Sikhs is a religious place of worship for Sikhs. However it is also open to people of other faiths and is intended for people from all walks of life. The temple was built in 1574 A.D and was surrounded by a small lake and a forest at that time. It is also said that the third Mughal emperor, Akbar was so impressed by the city that he bestowed great gifts on the daughter of the then reigning Sikh Guru.

The temple is surrounded by an artificial lake and the temple itself is open from all the four sides implying openness; inside the temples are many shrines and memorial plaques of Sikh martyrs and Gurus. There is also a Sikh museum in the vicinity and is called the clock tower gate. The temple gets its name from the golden plates that cover the upper domes and the arch of Darshani Deorhi leads the pilgrim to a causeway which then opens into the Sanctum sanctorum of the temple. The temple sees millions of people visiting it during festivals such as Vaisakhi which is in the beginning of April. The temple comes alive with many lamps during the festival of Diwali in the month of November. However Sikhs also visit the temple during special occasions such as marriages, birthdays, and other important Sikh religious days. Jallianwala Bagh This is a place of significant historical importance where the massacre of thousands of Indians was carried out. The massacred were protesting against British imperialism in India in the year 1919 on the eve of Vaisakhi on the 13th of April.

90 British soldiers opened fire with vehicle mounted machine guns under the command of Brigadier Reginald Dyer until their ammunition ran out. Many were killed by the bullets, some by the stampede and some jumped in the only well that is situated in the garden. Almost 1200 people died in the park and a memorial was built to remember the martyrs who were brutally slain and left for dead by Dyer and his troops. The bullet marks can still be seen on some of the walls in the park. Summer Palace of Maharaja Ranjit Singh Located near the Rambagh Park, this palace has a museum. It houses a collection of coins, oil paintings and various other artifacts related to Sikh history and culture. The palace is surrounded by a beautiful garden that is sprawled over 84 acres of land. The entrance of the palace has four storied towers that face east, west, north and south. The archeological survey of India has discovered some fountains recently that date back to Ranjit Singh’s era. These antique fountains and water channels are one of the high points when it comes to the restoration of the place which is taken up by the archeological survey of India.

The Wagah Border The Wagah Border between India and Pakistan is located only 28 kilometers or 17 miles from the city. The border attracts many tourists for the flag lowering ceremony that takes place at dusk. The pomp and the meticulous precision of moves by soldiers of both sides are admired by tourists on both sides of the border. The Wagah border is also an important political and historical site which has borne witness to the partition of India and is a place of interest not only for people in India and Pakistan but also for foreigners who want to witness this strange albeit official flag lowering ceremony. Ram Tirath Temple This temple is located a few miles outside the city and carries immense religious significance for Hindus. This place was the birthplace of the sons of the great king Ram named Luv and Kush. This is also the place where Maharshi Valmiki’s ashram stood who imparted knowledge and warfare skills to Luv and Kush. A fair is held here after the festival of Diwali in the month of November in which many people visit the place and take a dip in the artificial water tank. This tank is surrounded by temples and is said to be constructed by Hanuman who is the famous monkey god, who always accompanied lord Ram.

Shaheedi Bohr Literally meaning the martyrs tree this is a very old banyan tree where some freedom fighters were hanged by the British. This was done in response to the violent attacks by the freedom fighters on people selling beef near the Golden Temple. The cow is considered holy in India and selling such wares near the temple is still a big taboo. The huge tree still stands as a mute witness to the bittersweet history and events that this city has to offer. Samadhi of Shravan Shravan was one of the popular characters in the era of lord Ram and carried his parents to many religious sites in India in a wooden cradle. He was mistakenly killed by king Dasharatha; the cenotaph is located six kilometers from the city near a place called Anjala. The place carries immense religious importance for Hindus who often visit the site when they visit Amritsar. Durgiana Mandir The Durgiana Mandir is located near the Golden Temple and is a Hindu temple dedicated to the goddess Durga. Built in the 16th century, the temple is similar in structure to the Golden Temple and has a small artificial lake near it.

Some parts of this temple are also dedicated to Goddess Laxmi (Goddess of wealth) and Lord Narayana (Lord of the world). Where to Stay. The city is modern and has many hotels from the budget variety to luxurious ones; some of the better hotels include The Ritz Plaza Hotel [Ph: +91 183 2220638], Heritage Inn [Ph: +91 183 2536073], Hotel Mohan International [(4 Star) Ph: +91 183 2227801], Hotel Grand Legacy [Ph: +91 183 5017888], Hotel La Cascade [Ph: +91 183 2224472] and Ranjit’s Svassa [Ph: +91 183 2566618]. These are some of the luxurious hotels and the prices range from INR 3000 to INR 4500 per day for a single room. However, budget hotels are easily available and it is even possible to stay in the Golden Temple itself.

The simple accommodations of the Golden Temple are good for those who have experienced India before or for people ready to adjust. Moreover, the Temple offers such accommodations only in exchange for a nominal donation. The Golden Temple, India The Golden Temple, India The Golden Temple history The Golden Temple is surrounded by a large man-made lake – a lake which is closely linked to the temple and the surrounding city. In 1573 the construction of the lake started under supervision of the fourth guru of Sikhism; Guru Ram Das Ji. The lake stood complete four years later, in 1577. During this time, a city began to grow around the lake. The name of the city was originally “Ramdaspur” - after the guru - but it was later changed. As the city became associated with the construction of the lake, the city simply took the same name as the lake itself. Therefore, both the city and the lake carry the name Amritsar. The temple The construction of the Golden Temple itself started in 1588 under the leadership of the fifth guru; Guru Arjan Dev Ji. The story says that a close friend of the guru was asked to lay the foundation stone of the building.

After the stone had been laid, a mason straightened the stone which, to which the guru said “..as you have just undone the work of such a holy man, who knows what disaster might come.” This story has been used as an explanation to why the Golden Temple has been attacked so many times, including attacks from Afghans, Mughals and even the Indian army. Attacks on the Golden Temple The majority of these attacks happened during mid 18th century. This was the period when the temple was attacked numerous times by Afgahn raiders. The raiders caused severe damage to the temple complex, which resulted in a restoration of the temple in 1764. Another major assault on the Golden Temple was in 1984 when the Indian army attacked during the so called “Operation Bluestar”. The Indian army had order to move in to the temple area and remove Sikh militants who was believe to amass weapons inside the area. The operation ended in bloody gunfights between the militants and the army, resulting in large casualties on both sides. The attack on the Sikh holy shrine - and they way it was carried out - was and still is highly controversial.

Only months after the attack, the Indian Prime Minister of the time, Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards. The army attack on the temple lead to extensive restoration work on the temple area. Why visit the Golden Temple ? “I have seen many places, but none like thee” This quote is from Guru Arjan Dev Ji, as he looked at the Golden Temple. These words captures in many ways the mood and ambience at the Harmandir Sahib, which is the temples real name. Few places combine amazing surroundings with a calm and peaceful atmosphere better than the Golden Temple. The area surrounding the temple holds more than just the Golden Temple. The Darbar Sahib temple complex, which the place is often called, consists of many Sikh shrines, temples and other holy places. Three holy trees can also be found inside the temple area, each one associated with a historical event or a Sikh saint. In the middle of the temple are stands the crown jewel; the Golden Temple surrounded by the lake. The lakes name, Amritsar, translates to “Lake of the immortal nectar”.

Sikh shrine Ever since its completion in 1604, Harmandir Sahib is seen as one of the most, if not the most important temple of Sikhism. It has become somewhat of a pilgrimage center as all Sikhs try to visit the temple at least once during their life. One of the main reasons for this is that the holy script of the Sikhs, the Adi Sri Guru Granth Sahib, is kept inside the Golden Temple. This holy script consists of 1430 parts, written in period of Sikh gurus between 1469 and 1709. During the day, the script is read non-stop inside the temple and describes what God is like and what the right way to live is. Each side of the Golden Temple has an entrance, signifying the importance of acceptance and openness and to show that the temple is open to all – regardless of religion, race or sex. This is what the Golden Temple stands for today: a place where all people are welcome. Golden Temple, Amritsar Airport:Raja Sansi, International Airport Amritsar, home to the Golden Temple is one of the most ancient and fascinating cities of India.

It is an important seat of Sikh history and culture. Being the gateway for travellers coming to India on the overland route from central Asia it soon became the centre of various commercial activities. There are various historical and religious sites - see Amritsar City Map. The most famous of them all in the Golden Temple which was founded by the fourth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Ramdas and completed by his successor Guru Arjan Dev. Jallian Wala Bagh Amritsar Massacre : This place noted for its most notorious massacre under British rule. It is 400 meters north of the Golden Temple. The British General Dyer was the Lieutenant Governor of the province in 1919. He banned all meetings and demonstrations led by Indians against the economical set back by World War I. On 13 April 1919, pilgrims poured into Amritsar to celebrate the Baisakhi festival, a holiday in the Sikh calendar. In the afternoon thousands of people gathered at Jallian Wala Bagh to celebrate the Baisakhi. This ground surrounded by high walls on all sides has only a narrow alley for access.

General Dyer personally led the troops to the sight and ordered his men to open fire without any warning. It resulted in the death of 379 and injured more than 1200. India was outraged by Dyer�s massacre. Gandhiji, called for a nation wide strike and started the Non-cooperation Movement, which became an important mile stone in the struggle for India�s Independence. Today this ground has been changed to a park and it has a pleasant garden. There is a narrow path between the houses which leads to the lawn of the park. At the entrance there is a memorial plaque which recounts the history. There is a well on the north side in which many people who tried to escape from the bullets were drowned, and remnants of walls have been preserved to show the bullet holes. At the east end of the garden there is a large memorial built in memory of those who died here. Ram Bagh This beautiful garden is named as a tribute to Guru Ram Das, the founder of the city. It is situated in the new part of town and has a museum in the summer palace built by the Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839) the Lion of Punjab.

The museum contains weapons dating back to Mughal times and some portraits of the ruling houses of the Punjab and a replica of the diamond �Kohinoor�. To commemorate the memory of his valour Ram Bagh has a lively statue of Maharaja Ranjit Singh saddled on a horse. It is closed on Wednesdays. Summer place of Maharaja Ranjit Singh : Is situated in the middle of a beautiful garden called Ram bagh. This garden is laid out on the pattern of Shalimar Bagh at Lahore. Only its architecturally unique �darshani deorhi� has remained intact. A museum after the name of the Maharaja is set up here displaying oil paintings, miniatures, coins, abd weapons relating to the Sikh period. Other Tourist Attractions Mosque at Fatehabad : Situated at a distance of 40 kms, the walls of this mosque are decorated with beautiful floral motifs. Khalsa College & Guru Nanak Dev University : Khalsa College was founded in 1892 and built on grand scale in typical Sikh architecture, its distinguished alumni; sportsmen, servicemen, administrators, professionals, fill up India�s compilations of Who�s Who.

On a part of its land a new University called Guru Nanak Dev University was established. Soon it has become distinguished for starting modern curricula and has etched its name on the sports map of India. Tarn Taran : 24 kilometres south, is Tarn-Taran-a town founded by Sri Guru Arjan Dev in 1590. The Gurdwara got constructed by the Guru stands on the side of a large tank. Fairs are held here on every �Amavas� dark night of the month, birth anniversaries of the Gurus, Baisakhi and Diwali. Goindwal : A few kilometers away from Tarn Taran is the town of Goindwal, where Guru Amar Das established a new centre for preaching Sikhism. A �Baoli�, well paved with 84 steps was constructed here. The devout believe that by reciting Japji Sahib, the divine �Word� revealed to Guru Nanak Dev Ji at each step after taking a bath in the Baoli provides �Moksh�, liberation from 84,000 cycles of life of this world. Khadur Sahib : Khadur Sahib is 32 kms.

south-east of the city and close to Goindwal. During the life of the second Sikh Prophet, Guru Angad Dev, it was the centre of Sikhism. Ram Tirath : 16 Kilometres west on Choganwan road is Ram Tirath, commemorating Maharishi Balmik Ji�s heritage. A big fair now recognised nationally and lasting for four days is held here since times immemorial on every Kartika Puran-mashi (full moon night in November). Harike Wetland : The lake formed at the point of confluence of rivers Beas and Sutlej at Harika ford, situated mid way between Amritsar and Ferozepur was declared a national wildlife sanctuary in 1982. It is a welcome winter home to about 350 odd species of birds from far flung lands of China, Siberia, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Baba Bakala : Situated about 45 kilometers east on the Batala road. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadurji, revealed himself to Makhan Shah Labana, a Sikh devotee here.

It has a magnificent Gurdwara where people gather in thousands on every amavas (moonless night) and an annual fair is held on Raksha Bandhan day (night of full moon in August) when about one hundred thousand people visit the place. Dera Baba Jaimal Singh : About 54 kilometres east is Dera Baba Jaimal Singh, the Radhaswami, self-sufficient colony near Beas. It is presided over by a living Master. Durgiana Temple Durgiana Temple : Situated outside the Lohgarh Gate it is built after the design of the Golden Temple and attracts sages and scholars in Hindu scriptures from all over India. Wagha Border : The international border between India and Pakistan. The pomp and pageantry of the Beating Retreat and the Change of Guard within handshaking distance of the Indian and Pakistani forces makes for a most charming spectacle. There are a number of cotton, woollen and art silk textile factories besides other industries dealing with electric goods, sewing machines, auto parts, carpets. The milk processing plant at Verka about 6 kms from the center is the second biggest project of its kind in the country.

Amritsar is India�s leading exporter of goods to the Middle-East, leading distribution centre of dry fruits, tea and condiments. It is also a shopper�s paradise and a gourmet�s delight. Amritsar is the world�s leading centre of Punjabi publications. Amritsar Airport is now an international airport and fast becoming the gateway to Northern India. Amritsar is now the Gateway to Punjab and North India with Raja Sansi International Airport. Jet Airways, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Air India now offer Amritsar Flights from Delhi, Birmingham and London. Please visit Amritsar Travel for prices for Flights to Amritsar. For Hotels in Amritsar, use Amritsar Pages . Amritsar travel guide - Wikitravel Jammu Amritsar It's advisable to book your return train ticket as soon as you arrive in Amritsar, or before if you know the exact date, as trains are often heavily booked. When you are back to railway station make sure you're dropped on the right side of the station.

Suppose you have a train from Platform No 1, then the rickshaw driver has to cross the bridge and come across the other part of station, otherwise they will drop you at their convenient place and you have to cross the footbridge with all your baggage. By car[ edit ] Long-distance taxis are available from most places. It takes around 6-7 hours from New Delhi via NH-1. Amritsar is well-connected by bus to most major cities and the northern areas within a days drive. Pathankot is about 2.5 hours away and about 100km away, Jalandhar is about 80km from here, Kapurthala (royal city) is about 65km from here and there are daily direct buses to New Delhi , Jammu , Katra , Chandigarh , Dharamsala (once daily, c. 6 hours), etc.You can find Volvo buses from Chandigarh , Delhi and Katra to Amritsar.

From Pakistan[ edit ] If coming from Wagah at the Pakistani border, take a cycle-rickshaw (₹15, 3km) to the Attari station, where you can catch a local bus to Amritsar (₹20, 25km). Taxis also use this route and charge around ₹500 for the entire vehicle. Get around[ edit ] An auto-rickshaw from the train station to the temple should cost around INR20, while a cycle-rickshaw will run about INR30. There is a free bus service from the train station to the golden temple run by Golden Temple trust. It drops you right at the accommodation booking office of the Golden Temple where you can get double bed room for INR1000 per day. However, this service is on a rudimentary bus vehicle and very crowded, really only intended for locals and the poor who cannot afford transportation. So you are encouraged to just afford a rickshaw or taxi for ~Rs50-100 from the station to the Golden Temple.

See[ edit ][ add listing ] Jallianwala Bagh Entrance Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) is a short 5-minute walk from the Golden Temple, and is the site of the 1919 Amritsar massacre. On 13 April of that year, British Indian Army soldiers opened fire on an unarmed gathering of men, women and children. The firing lasted about 10 minutes and 1650 rounds were fired, killing 1579 people. A memorial was built on the site and inaugurated by the then-President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, on 13 April 1961. to this day the bullet holes can be seen on the walls and adjoining buildings. The well into which many people jumped and drowned attempting to save themselves from the hail of bullets is also a protected monument inside the park. Mata Temple is a labyrinthine like Hindu cave temple devoted to the female saint Lal Devi. Traditionally, women wishing to become pregnant come here to pray.

The roundabout path to the main temple passes through low tunnels, caves full of ankle-deep water, inclined walkways, and mirrored hallways that make the experience seem more like a fun house than a place of worship. The colours, wide variety of deities, and elaborate mirrored image make this a psychedelically unique temple. Highly recommended! This is called Sheesh Mahal, and some people also seem to call it "Lal Devi." Durgiana Mandir & Bada Hanuman mandir (Languran wala Mandir). Although Durgiana Temple is a Hindu temple, its architecture is similar to the Golden Temple of Sikh religion. It is located near Hathi gate and near the railway station. It is visited by Lord Rama Himself. Bada Hanuman Mandir is situated near its premises. An annual function at this ancient 'Bara Hanuman Mandir' starts with the beginning of navratras. There are people from far-off places, even from abroad who visit this temple during this festival. Summer Palace of Maharaja Ranjit Singh is in the Ram Bagh park, 1km NE of the railway station.

Now the palace houses a museum, exhibiting oil paintings, miniatures, coins and weapons from the Sikh period. In this park is the Maharaja Ranjit Singh Panorama, so ask if you are at the right museum. Ram Tirth is a short distance of 11km outside the city. Consecrated by the appearance of Devi Sita, Ram Tirth had been a witness to the birth of the sons of King Rama. Making a special place in the holy scripts of ancient religions, the place was once the ashrama of saint Valmiki. The saint is believed to have scripted many of his sacred manuscripts at this place. A hut of Rishi Balmiki is still found at Ram Tirth where he once lived. After giving birth to Luv and Kush, Devi Sita used to stay at this place for a considerable period of time. The evidence of her stay still exists in the form a well which, it is believed, was dug by Hanuman. Devotees of King Rama and Devi Sita flock to this place every year to offer their prayers to the respected deities.

As the locational position of the Ram Tirth is facilitated by easy accessibility, hence, the visitors conveniently reach this place of worship without any extra hassles. The Golden Temple at night Pilgrims bathing in the Amrit Sarovar The Golden Temple is the main attraction in the city, and the most important religious place to the Sikhs. It's a stunning complex, and always full of thousands of pilgrims from all over India, excited to be at a place that they usually only see on television. The excitement to be here is infectious, and many people will be more than happy to tell you all about their religion and customs, and show you around the temple itself. Cover your head, remove your shoes and wander around one of the most amazing places in India. The complex is open almost 24 hours (06:00-02:00 the next day) and is worth visiting twice: once during the day, once at night, when it's beautifully lit up. As you arrive near the complex, you will more likely than not be accosted by hawkers trying to sell you bandanna's to cover your head.

It's not a bad souvenir for INR10, but there's also a big barrel of free ones to choose from at the entrance itself. Deposit your shoes at the subterranean building to the left of the entrance, wash your feet at the entrance and head in. Ghanta Ghar. This is the main entrance, sporting a distinctly Victorian clock-tower. Wash your feet in the water at the entrance in order to keep the temple clean. Amrit Sarovar. The giant pool of water that surrounds and reflects the Golden Temple. Sections (marked off by ropes) are set aside for male pilgrims wishing to bathe. For female pilgrims there is a separate bath-house enclosing a small part of the pool. Harmandir Sahib. This is the Golden Temple itself, floating above the Amrit Sarovar, housing the sacred Adi Granth scripture which is recited out loud during the day. This is the most crowded point, accessible by a bridge from the edge of the pool, and entry here is regulated by traditionally dressed Sikh guards. It's a 2-storey structure where Sikh saints are seated on each floor. Akal Takht, directly opposite the Harmandir Sahib.

Meaning "The Timeless", this is where the highest council of Sikhs sits and deliberates. At night, the Guru Granth Sahib is taken to the Akal Takht. Central Sikh Museum, 2nd floor (entrance on the right side of the main side of the main entrance). Devoted to large gallery of paintings, mostly showing the gruesome ways countless Sikhs have been martyred, and various knick-knacks from the gurus. Free. All Sikhs are expected at some point in their lives to volunteer for a week at the temple, and everyone you see working here is fulfilling that duty. It's likely possible that you can join in if you feel so inclined - you could enquire by asking the people outside peeling vegetables, or those washing dishes. Do[ edit ][ add listing ] Village Tour, organized by some tour companies that give visitors a taste of traditional ways of life and culture. Visitors can be taught things like how to milk a cow the Indian way and ride on a traditional bull cart.

Food Tour, Food Tours organised by FoodtrailsIndia take you through the by lanes of the old city and gives you a chance to explore the Amritsari dishes apart from seeing the Old City and the bazaar. You can check their webpage at foodtrailsindia.blogspot.in for bookings. phone="91-9417848282" Eco Tours are delightful especially in the months from October to March. Harike the wetland and bird sanctuary thrives with hibernating birds, VisitAmritsar facilitates nature walks, boat rides to the confluence of two rives of the Indus network as well as insights into the wetland. Contact# +91 9356010050. Nature Farm Tour, is another must see at Amritsar. Run by the destitute home, this exquisite tour connects you to the soil, and the art of living without toxic dependence. A bucket list experience to nature lovers provided by Divine Destination# +91 9779140004 Walking tour, Amritsar Walks offer a range of walks from heritage walks to bazaar walks to photo walks in the old city.

One can check their facebook page and website for further options. Heritage Tours by VisitAmritsar provide a collage of frescos, architectural elegance and romantic narratives. Learn[ edit ] The Golden Temple has a massive library where tourists/visitors can get books on Sikhism for free or at very little cost. Almost every Sikh at the temple will be willing to talk to you about the temple and their religion and culture. Go there with an open mind and you'll leave with a smiling heart. Buy[ edit ][ add listing ] Sikh khandas displayed prominently on an exaggerated turban Sikh symbols and religious paraphernalia like khandas, Karas (Sikh religious bangle), swords, daggers, etc, from the shops close to the Golden Temple. Guru Nanak knick-knacks. His face graces all kinds of goodies. CDs of temple recordings, chants, and Punjabi music in the shops along the front of the temple. Punjabi Juttis (shoes) from the tiny shops near the Hall Bazaar flyover.

Warian (spicy pulses ground with spices) from Hall Bazaar Phulkaari is a form of embroidery from the state of Punjab in India and certain parts of Pakistan which literally means “flower making”. Brightly coloured shawls to sarees to head scarves to salwar-kameez of phulkaari can be found in Hall Bazar and Kapra market. Hand-embroidered ones would be more expensive and are still very much in demand for festivals and other joyous occasions. Bargain your heart out, especially in Kapra market as it’s a whole-sale market for clothes. Clock tower (Balmukand Kailash nath, est. 1930), new misri bazar (2-3min walk from golden temple), ☎ +91 998 836 7620, [1] . Murabbas, Pickles, Syrups, Squashes, Sauces and Ketchup & Jams etc. edit Chawla Boutique, A/308-a Ranjeet Avenue, Amritsar, ☎ +91 941 705 6161.

10:00-20:00. Punjabi custom-made salwaar kameez; Readymade Indian dresses; Hand embroidered dresses. edit Eat[ edit ][ add listing ] The Golden Temple has a dining hall (langar) serving free basic meals to all... A definite must for visitors. Plates and spoons are handed out near the entrance, then follow the crowds inside and take the next vacant spot in one of the rows on the floor. Servers come by with large buckets of dahl, chapati and rice. Make sure to finish everything on your plate (wasting food isn't an option here!) then take it outside to volunteers at the washing area. It's inside the complex which means no shoes and cover your head. At the exit, there is a donation box, in case you want to voluntarily donate for the cause of free meals. Country Inn & Suites, around the corner of Bhandari Bridge serves up great Indian, Italian, Continental and Chinese food. My Kind of Place offers fast food such as pizza, burgers, and chips. It offers Chinese & Continental food also. Brothers Dhabba or Bhrawan Dhabba, are two nearly identical restaurants right next to each other near Town Hall.

Both highly rated. Brothers' "Amritsari Kulcha" is to die for! New Punjabi Rasoi, around the corner from the temple it's one of the most popular restaurants in town and serves up great Indian food including tasty masala dosas. Meals c. INR40-60. Neelam's, a few doors down from New Punjabi Rasoi, offers pizza and other basics. Meals from INR30. Kesar da Dhaba. Located near the Golden Temple, it offers good Punjabi food made in pure ghee. Daal Makhni is worth trying. Don't forget to try a glass of Lassi after a meal. edit Bubby Dhaba, opposite Golden Temple (Just opposite the main entrance of Golden Temple). serves authentic Punjabi food at a very reasonable cost and ideally located, just few meters from the main entrance of the Holy Golden Temple edit Moolchand Fish Shop, Off of GT Road near Tourist Guesthouse. Find the Christchurch Cathedral (large red-and-green church, pretty conspicuous!) and keep walking, away from GT road. In about 2 minutes, you'll see a little shop selling fish.

Open 08:00-23:00. This tiny place is the definition of hole-in-the wall. If it looks like it has been there for 50 years, it's because it has! They'll weigh out your fish based on how much you want to pay, fry it, put some delicious spices on it, and serve it with spicy green chutney and raw onions. A little hard to find, but worth it. About 50 rupees for a good-sized piece of fish, 70 rupees for a serving of chicken. Arora's Food, around the Amritsar Airport, offer pure punjabi food +91-9316100100 There are very few Decent Non Veg Joints near the temple complex. Kanha Sweets (Pure vegetarian), Lawrence Road. They serve fantastic Channa - Battura. Great for breakfast. It is pure vegetarian edit Gurdass Ram Jalebi wale (Pure vegetarian), Ahluwali Katra (very close to the main gate of Golden Temple). Eat Jalebis.... Only a indie sweet shop edit Kulcha Chole Dhaba (Pure vegetarian), No. 1, Maqbool Road.

Best Kulchas ever. Only a tandoori kulcha joint. No non veg at all edit Cafe Oz, SCO 120, Distt Shopping Center, Ranjit Avenue, ☎ 9888694633, [2] . 11:30am. The finest Australian joint in Amritsar with Vittoria Coffee and T2 Tea imported exclusively from Australia, 5 star multi cuisine meals, innovative mocktails all at great prices edit Bakes & Beans (Bakes and beans), SCO 24, district shopping complex, ranjit avenue, b block, Amritsar (Opp. Ajit hospital on old jail road.), ☎ 01835099888. 11:00 to 11:00. Bakes and beans is an Italian cafe situated in the upmarket area of Amritsar. It is the only Italian restaurant with an in house bakery and confectionary. The most happening hangout in Amritsar. 250-600. edit Crystal Restaurant, Crystal Chownk, Cooper Raod, ☎ 01832229999.

12 am to 11 pm. One of the old restaurant in the holy city serving wonderful delicacies e.g Indian, Chinese and Italian cuisine. 499 rs. per person approx.. edit Drink[ edit ][ add listing ] Lassi is the good yoghurt (curd) drink here in Amritsar. All Indian and imported alcoholic drinks are available at the omnipresent licenced liquor stores with prices ranging from INR100 for a local whiskey to INR1000 for a good Scotch like Teachers. Food & Beverages, (near Hotel Mohan International). Imported wines, beers and other liquors. edit Lassi wala chownk, Hall Bazaar, Lassi wala chownk (Amritsar), ☎ 09417319497, [3] . gian chand lassi wale (gian di lassi) edit Budget[ edit ] The Golden Temple (multiple accommodations around town). Free accommodation for pilgrims and tourists in very basic dorms or 3-bed rooms in Guru Ram Das Niwas, behind the temple.

You should remain quiet and respectful of the surroundings, keeping in mind that this is a holy place of pilgrimage more than a tourist attraction. Alcohol and smoking are strictly forbidden, not only within the temple complex but anywhere within sight of the temple complex. If you can handle that, then this is arguably the best place to stay - watching people go about their routine, talking to the pilgrims, and absorbing the gorgeous atmosphere. Put your donations in the donation box near the entrance to Ram Das Niwas, as opposed to the guards who may ask you for it when checking out. The temple also offers neat rooms (AC 500Rs, non-AC 200Rs) in a multitude of dedicated houses, but these are, due to alleged "problems" in the past, reserved for Indian citizens only - a plead in the general information office might qualify you for an exception, but do not count on it. edit Asha Guesthouse, Near Golden Temple, Sarai Guru Ramdas Ji (less than 5 minute walk from Golden Temple), ☎ +91-183-2293031. Clean, friendly reception, hot water. No wi-fi in room but available at reception.

Very close to Golden Temple and the taxi stand where you can get a shared jeep to the Wagah border. double Rs. 500. edit Hotel Sita Continental, Sheran Wala Gate (10 minutes walk from Golden Temple), ☎ +91-183-5002840. Its basic, new and clean. double Rs. 550-650. edit Tourist Guesthouse, 1355 GT Road (near the railway station, 25 minutes walking distance to the Golden Temple), ☎ 9438258231. checkin: 8-5-2013; checkout: 8-5-2013. A popular backpackers choice, with a decent restaurant and friendly owners. double Rs. 250-400. edit Hotel Sita Niwas, (Right near the eastern corner of the golden temple. There is now a new Hotel Sita Newas next door offering rooms from Rs 1000, so ask where the other one is if the price seems high.). checkout: Midday. Good and relatively cheap (Rs 80) food in their restaurant.

They also organise shared jeeps to the Atari border crossing for Rs 250 return. Rs 300. edit InnDia Boutique Hostel, 10 Celebration Enclave Phase 2, Near Ratan Singh Chowk, Fatehgarh Churian Road (Near St Jude School), ☎ 80454004555, [4] . checkin: 1 PM; checkout: 11 AM. . (8054004555) (inndiahostel@gmail.com) InnDia Amritsar is a brand new boutique hostel- clean, spacious and cozy, located in the heart of the city, near Ranjit Avenue (the dining hub) as well as Trilium Mall, and the Golden Temple. InnDia has capacity for 26 guests with a total of 5 dorms/rooms, each of them with ensuite bathroom, comfortable beds, lockers, individual lamps and free Internet access and free breakfast! Choose from private rooms and dorm rooms. At InnDia, you can relax or see a movie together in the living room, read a book from the library,enjoy the totally equipped kitchen, or meet interesting and inspiring fellow travellers!

InnDia also organises regular food tours, social nights, movie nights etc to keep guests entertained! 500/bed. 500/bed. (31.6335441,74.8701203,12) edit Jugaadus' Eco hostel, Above Salon 16, near Kalra Hospital, Ajit nagar, Sultanwind Road (Near Sultanwind gate), ☎ +91 856 880 0020 ( jugaadu@jugaadus.com ), [5] . checkin: 14:00; checkout: 11:00. This place offers 4,6, 8 bed rooms at affordable prices. The hostel organizes various tours for guests/non guests. (31.6335,74.8701) edit Mid-range[ edit ] Mrs. Bhandari's Guest House, [6] , No. 10, Cantonment phone="+91 183 2 222390, Rs.

2000-3500, Very neat and clean rooms Hotel le golden [7] very near to the golden temple having view of golden temple from room & restaurant.Rs.1550. to 5250. Hotel 42 Amritsar, The Mall, [8] Newly Built Luxury Hotel on Mall Road, Amritsar near Golden Temple. For discounts call Sahil 9872292468 Hotel Sapphire, [9] Hotel near Golden Temple having view of Golden Temple from Hotel Rooms. Rs 1250. Hotel CJ International, +91-183-254 3478,09876444000 [10] . A newer hotel just Opp. Golden Temple and with views of the Golden Temple. Rs 1200. Also now they have beautiful splurge higher end rooms beautifully designed & created. Rs. 2000. Wifi enabled lobby & restaurant. Hotel Heritage Inn, 0919876631047, [11] . Next to Golden Temple. Rooms are well furnished and decorated. Rs.1350.

Royal Castle A nice hotel located in the city about 15 min from the Golden Temple. Though they claim to be a 3 star hotel 2 is more like it. They have decent rooms for around Rs 2,100 a night. Hotel City Heart, [12] Hotel near golden temple and jallian wala bagh. Offers views of Golden Temple and the city. Rs 800-1550. Hotel Indus, [13] Hotel right opposite to Golden Temple. Offers direct views of Golden Temple and the city. Rs 1450-1650. Hotel Sarovar Plaza, [14] , Bazar Maisewan near Golden Temple, phone="0183-2535354-5, Rs. 1000-2850, Very neat and clean rooms, 24hrs room service and panaromic view of Golden Temple.</sleep> Splurge[ edit ] Hyatt Amritsar, MBM Farms, G.T. Road (adjoins Alpha One City Center), +91 183- 2871234, [15] .

5 star deluxe hotel with a contemporary design, two restaurants, lounge and spa. Rooms starting at Rs 5000. Nestled in the heart of the city and 10 minutes from the Golden Temple is Hyatt Amritsar, welcoming business and leisure travelers to enjoy luxury 5 star deluxe hotel accommodation coupled with the historical wonders the city has to offer. Green Acres Haveli, 5 Minutes from the airport. +91-97819-83828 [16] . Set amongst fruit orchards and lush greenery this diamond category farm-stay lets guests experience rich Punjabi culture and heritage charm. Recently restored, offers all modern conveniences and provides easy access to Amritsar attractions. Room packages range from Rs 3000 to 6000 (inclusive of meals). Hotel P.R. Residency, 4 Kms from Railway Station, Ranjit Avenue +91-98141-76567, 2502666. Located in the most posh area, it has undoubtedly the best rooms and view in the town.

Along with the most modern equipped suites, it is a great local favourite for dining for its hospitality n memorable stay. Don't forget to try out Golden Fried Chicken and continental cuisine. Rooms starting at 2000 to 4000 for suites. Ranjit’s Svaasa, 47-A The Mall (opposite the Ebony Mall, down a little side street) [17] . The only boutique hotel in town, and a comparative oasis of calm in an otherwise hectic city. Ranjit's is set in an old colonial house, and has been nicely refurbished with understated style - the place looks at its best at night. There is also a spa and small restaurant attached. Must be Amritsar's most expensive hotel with rooms starting at around Rs.5,000 per night. Grand Legacy, 8 G.T. Road (near railway station), tel. +91-183-5069991, [18] . Claims to be Amritsar's best hotel and the public areas look nice enough, but the rooms (and especially the bathrooms) don't quite pull it off. Avoid the restaurant downstairs, or face amoebic dysentery.

Single/double from Rs. 2000/3150. Ritz Plaza, 45 The Mall, 256 2836, [19] . A more classy hotel also located in the city with good rooms and service and a swimming pool. Price starts at approx Rs 2,500 a night. MK Hotel, Ranjit Ave, 250 7911, [20] . Slightly out of town, but a nicer more upmarket option with great service. Doubles from Rs 3000, suites available. Hotel AJ Regency . Small but comfortable air-conditioned rooms. About RS. 700/night. Hotel Swarn House . This 3 Star hotel is a heavenly abode for tourists coming in from all walks of life to visit the Golden Temple, which is just a walk away. It offers super deluxe and deluxe rooms to stay. Guests are served a delicious spread, comprising Mughlai, Continental, Chinese, and Italian and Punjabi specialties. Corporate travelers are also offered a spacious banquet space, which is ideal place to conduct weddings, prayer meetings and business conferences. Country Inns and Suites By Carlson .

Queens Road, Amritsar. Tel no. +91 1835050555. [21] . A four star hotel with rates starting INR3000 for double rooms. Better rates online. Free Wireless and breakfast. 1.5 kms to Golden temple and less than a km to the train station. Very clean and hospitable staff. Country Inn Hotels & Resorts . Mall Road, Amritsar. Tel no. +91 1835020060. [22] . A four star hotel with rates starting INR 3000 for double rooms. Better rates online. Free Wireless and breakfast. 3.5 kms to Golden temple and less than a km to the train station. Very clean and hospitable staff. HK Clarks Inn: 14, District Shopping Complex, B-Block, Ranjit Avenue, Amritsar-143001. Tel.no. +91 0183 5011111, [23] .

Four star hotel, good food, fine dine restaurant, lounge bar, open air barbecue, swimming pool, good aerated rooms.</sleep> Stay safe[ edit ] Behave! The sectarian strife of the 1980s is just a sad memory and Amritsar is currently a safe and welcoming city, if a little polluted. Respect[ edit ] You should remain aware and respectful of the Sikh religion anywhere near the Golden Temple complex. Inside the complex, both men and women are required to cover their heads (scarves are widely available throughout the town for INR10, or a box of them are free to use at the entrances to the temple). Smoking and alcohol are forbidden within the complex and anywhere within sight of the temple. Lighting up a cigarette on the busy street out front will definitely attract negative attention, as will spitting near the temple. Photography is allowed on the outside ring of the holy lake, but not inside the actual temple itself. Get out[ edit ] India–Pakistan border closing ceremony (Attari-Wagah), (32km from Amritsar). 4:00PM-5:00PM. Indian and Pakistani soldiers do a march-off every evening, a popular and fun event.

See the dedicated article for details. Do not bring any bags if you go there. But if you do there are luggage storage guys on the roadside who you can pay, but better to just leave it all at home (exception: camera, wallets, passport). Taxis leave from a stand nearby the Golden Temple. Facing the main entrance of the complex (by the shoe storage), go left and follow the street until you come upon the prepaid taxi stand and the temple's free bus service stand. The prepaid taxi stand is legitimate and run by the Golden Temple Beautification Project. Avoid taxi agents and just go to this prepaid stand. It costs 120 rs. per person. It's a 45 minute ride, and should leave Amritsar by around 2:30PM. Easy, no hassle, you'll get a receipt and all the information you might need. Hiring an auto-rickshaw can cost about 350. If taking a ride not from the prepaid stand, make sure you check the vehicle before paying. Offer a deposit and ask if you can pay the rest on your return. Also beware of agents that will take your money and ask you to wait "only 15 minutes we will move", but go slowly.

They can take approx. 2 hrs. to move from Amritsar. Don't pay first! Board in the taxi and ask them to move immediately, otherwise you will miss the chance of watching the border closing, as it will be crowded and you will have to stand far from the border to see things, and you can miss the chance of dancing, walking with the flag or a photo with BSF personnel. There is a special place on the bleachers for foreigners (don't recommend it, it's boring and has a poor view of the border gates!). free. edit Food tour in Amritsar You can take a food tour through foodtrailsindia.com for guided tours in the old city. Lahore – armed with a visa, take the plunge into this bustling gateway city, one of the cultural hubs of Pakistan Dharamsala is accessible by a bus + bus or train + bus combo. One must catch a train or bus to Pathankot first, then another bus to Dharamshala/McLeod Ganj. The train can run late (by hours!) so the bus is a better option of getting to Pathankot in a timely manner. Bus from Amritsar to Pathankot is 110 rs.

3hrs, the bus from Pathankot to Dharamshala is 120 rs. 4hrs. Another bus can take you to McLeod Ganj for 14 rs. 15-20 minutes. This is a guide article. It has a variety of good, quality information including hotels, restaurants, attractions, arrival and departure info. Plunge forward and help us make it a star ! Golden Temple, Amritsar, Sri Harmandir Sahib, Darbar Sahib, Hari Mandir, Sikhism, Famous Temples of India, Ancient Temples of India, Temples India, Darbar Sahib, Swaran Mandir 360 Degree view of Golden Temple The Golden Temple Amritsar The Golden Temple Amritsar India (Sri Harimandir Sahib Amritsar) is not only a central religious place of the Sikhs, but also a symbol of human brotherhood and equality. Everybody, irrespective of cast, creed or race can seek spiritual solace and religious fulfilment without any hindrance. It also represents the distinct identity, glory and heritage of the Sikhs.

To pen-down the philosophy, ideology, the inner and outer beauty, as well as the historical legacy of Sri Harimandir Sahib is a momentous task. It is a matter of experience rather than a of description. As advised by Sri Guru Amar Dass Ji (3rd Sikh Guru), Sri Guru Ram Dass Ji (4th Sikh Guru) started the digging of Amrit Sarovar (Holy Tank) of Sri Harmandir Sahib in 1577 A.D., which was later on brick-lined by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji (5th Sikh Guru) on December 15, 1588 and He also started the construction of Sri Harimandir Sahib. Sri Guru Granth Sahib (scripture of the Sikhs), after its compilation, was first installed at Sri Harimandir Sahib on August 16, 1604 A.D. A devout Sikh, Baba Budha Ji was appointed its first Head Priest. The Golden Temple Amritsar India (Sri Harmandir Sahib Amritsar) has a unique Sikh architecture.

Built at a level lower than the surrounding land level, The Gurudwara teaches the lesson of egalitarianism and humility. The four entrances of this holy shrine from all four directions, signify that people belonging to every walk of life are equally welcome. Map of Golden Temple Amritsar Click to enlarged view Golden Temple in Amritsar Golden Temple Fast Facts Golden Temple is located in the city of Amritsar in the state of Punjab. The temple is also known as Harmandir Sahib. Did You Know Golden Temple was initially built around 1574 A.D. Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, the eternal Guru of the Sikhs is located inside the temple. Must Do Visit the temple and go to the renowned areas. Also go to the shopping and dining hubs and the lake surrounding the temple. Introduction The Golden Temple is one of the famous pilgrimage spots in India. It is also known as Harmandir Sahib and is a scared place for the Sikh community. Thousands of tourists and pilgrims come to the Golden Temple all over the year. The temple is located in the city of Amritsar in the state of Punjab.

Sikhs consider the Golden Temple in Amritsar as a very holy site because the Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, the eternal Guru of the Sikhs is located inside the temple. The temple is surrounded by a beautiful lake. People wash their hands in the waters of the lake, which is considered to be a sacred ritual. The religious site was initially built around 1574 A.D. In addition to the Sikhs, people of other religions and communities also come here to pay their homage. The Golden Temple, Amritsar is famous for the architectural beauty and charm. Hari Mandir or Darbar Sahib is the most sacred part of the temple. This part of the temple is famous for the exquisite golden structure at the center. There are golden plates to cover the exterior walls of the upper floor and the dome. There are also elegant marble sculptures. The lake that surrounds the Golden Temple is also considered to be very holy and is known as the "Pool of Nectar". There is a marble walkway, known as the Guru's Bridge, which leads to the pavilion of the temple. The doorway of the bridge consists of exquisitely carved silver doors.

Another unique feature of the Golden Temple is the dining hall, known as the Guru-ka-Langar. The hall can accommodate around 35,000 devotees who are served meal by the temple authorities. The Golden Temple in Amritsar is also famous for the celebrations. The main festival that is celebrated in the temple is Vaisakhi. It is held in the second week of April and is celebrated to commemorate the founding of the Khalsa cult. To celebrate the festival, the whole temple is illuminated with lights which are a great spectacle. There are also numerous shops and dining hubs where travelers can go after making a visit to the Golden Temple. The dining hubs serve a wide range of mouth watering local and Punjabi delicacies. The local shops offer woodcarvings, woolen garments, and phulkaries and so on. Amritsar | The Story of India - Photo Gallery | PBS The Story of India The view from the east of the Golden Temple, or Harmandir, in the city of Amritsar. Explore the Topic Click for detailed map Sikhism's holiest place of worship is the Golden Temple , or Harmandir, in the city of Amritsar.

Located in the state of Punjab, the city, established to be a place of pilgrimage , derives its name from the sacred tank, or pool, called the Amrita Saras (pool of nectar), where the temple was built. Guru Ram Das, the fourth of the ten Sikh Gurus (spiritual guides), oversaw the construction of the tank and the settlement that grew around it, which was completed in 1577. His successor, Guru Arjan, the fifth Guru, erected a modest temple on an island in the center of the tank along with the causeway used to reach it and installed the Sikh holy book, the "Adi Granth," in the shrine in 1604. The Adi Granth is displayed in the Golden Temple each day, and then transported back to the Akal Takht each evening. The temple was destroyed several times by Afghan invaders, but reconstructed in the 1760s. Its present appearance is due in large part to the patronage of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Sikh ruler of Punjab in the early part of the 19th century, who financed the gilding and other enhancements.

Since then, the building has come to be familiarly known as the Golden Temple. Amritsar was also the location of the 1919 Amritsar Massacre during the struggle for independence . You need Flash Player version 9.0.115 or greater to view this video. Video: The founding of Sikhism and its continuing traditions Sikhism is a monotheistic faith that originated in India during the 15th century. Today, it has roughly 20 million adherents worldwide, the majority of whom live in the Punjab, in northwest India. It was founded by Guru Nanak, the first in a line of ten gurus (spiritual leaders) who developed and promulgated the faith. In Punjabi, the word "Sikh" means "disciple" and the faithful are those who follow the writings and teachings of the Ten Gurus, which are set down in the holy book, the "Adi Granth." Sikhism synthesizes elements of both Islam and Hinduism into a distinct religious tradition. Like Islam, it emphasizes belief in only one God and similar to Hinduism, teaches that the karmic cycle of rebirths cannot be overcome unless you achieve oneness with God.

For Sikhs, everyone is equal before God and a good life is achieved by remembering God at all times, being part of a community, serving others, living honestly, and rejecting blind rituals and superstitions. In the late 17th century the tenth guru, Gobind Singh, established a military brotherhood within Sikhism called the Khalsa (fraternity of the pure). Although not all Sikhs belong to the Khalsa, many obey its edict of wearing the five symbols of faith, the Five Ks: uncut hair (kesh), a wooden comb (kanga), a steel bracelet (kara), cotton undergarments (kachera), and a sword (kirpan). The turban worn by Sikh men is the most visible manifestation of their adherence to these principles. Golden Temple The Golden Temple reflecting in the Amrita Saras "Golden Temple" is the name of Amritsar's hallowed Sikh shrine and the religious complex where it's located. The shimmering two-story temple sits atop a square platform in the center of a man-made tank, called the Amrita Saras (pool of nectar).

The lower story's marble walls are decorated with inlaid flower and animal motifs, while the upper story's inner and outer walls and roof are sheathed in gold leaf. The roof includes four small kiosks at each corner and is crowned by a central dome shaped like an inverted lotus. The temple's gilding was completely replaced in 1999, but high pollution levels are continuing to erode the gilt. The temple is reached by passing through an archway on the complex's western side, the Darshani Deori, and crossing a nearly 200 foot walkway called the Guru's Bridge. The shrine has four entry points, which are placed at the same level on each side and signify the faith's openness to people of all religions. The inner sanctum holds the Sikh holy book, the "Adi Granth," which contains 6,000 hymns and was compiled by Guru Arjan. The book is stored in the adjacent Akal Takht overnight and brought to the shrine early each morning; its hymns are recited continually throughout the day.

Pilgrimage Hindu pilgrims in Ganges River at Varanasi Traveling to places of religious import, whether temples, shrines, or cities, is a familiar part of every major faith in India. Found throughout the country, these sacred locations draw pilgrims because they are thought to bestow special blessings or spiritual knowledge. Pilgrimage has been a long-standing tradition within Hinduism . Many of the sites that Hindus visit are temples devoted to the life of a particular deity. Other destinations are found near rivers, the most sacred of which is the Ganges , where the faithful go to perform religious rites and bathe in the waters in order to be absolved of sins. In Buddhism and Jainism , pilgrimage sites are connected to the life of the religion’s founders and the leaders and holy persons who followed and contributed to the faith's dissemination. Buddhist shrines developed around relics of the Buddha's body and important events in his life. Bodhgaya, in Bihar, where the Buddha achieved enlightenment, and Sarnath , in Uttar Pradesh, are among the most famous centers of pilgrimage.

For Jains, places where the faith's teachers (tirthankaras) achieved enlightenment, as well as locations that are home to famous temples or sculptures, are among the sites that draw pilgrims. The tombs of Sufi saints of the Chishti order, who thrived in India during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries CE, are the focus of Muslim pilgrimage in India and Pakistan. The shrine of one saint, Moinuddin Chishti, in Ajmer, Rajasthan, is especially venerated and attracts thousands of pilgrims during the Urs, the annual festival to mark the anniversary of his death. Even Hindus are known to worship there. Although pilgrimage is not a part of Sikhism , devotees do journey to its foremost place of worship, the Golden Temple in Amritsar , Punjab, as well as locations associated with the lives of its ten gurus (spiritual leaders). Akal Takht Gold-domed Akal Takht The main seat of Sikhism 's religious authority, the Akal Takht (throne of the Timeless One) is located directly opposite the Golden Temple . The original structure, completed in 1609, was built by the sixth guru, Hargobind.

The present-day structure, topped by a gilded dome, rises five stories and is inlaid with marble. The Akal Takht is also where the original "Adi Granth," the Sikh holy book, is stored each evening; it is transported to the Golden Temple every morning on a sumptuous palanquin. The building sustained heavy damage when the Indian Army raided the Golden Temple complex in June, 1984 during an uprising of a militant Sikh group pushing for independence for the Sikh Punjab. The oldest and most important of the five Takhts, or seats of authority, it is from here that issues confronting the faith or community (panth) are discussed and resolved; standards of social conduct and personal behavior are formulated; justice is meted out for those charged with violations of religious discipline; and the hukamnamas (edicts or writs), which are binding for all Sikhs, are issued. Guru Hargobind is believed to have issued the first hukamnana announcing the creation of the Akal Takht.

Question: In which city is the Golden Temple?
Answer: Amritsar