Ketosis - What is Ketosis, Effects of Ketosis and Ketosis Levels Ketosis Ketosis High levels of ketosis can be serious Ketosis is a state the body may find itself in either as a result of raised blood glucose levels or as a part of low carb dieting. Low levels of ketosis is perfectly normal. However, high levels of ketosis in the short term can be serious and the long term effects of regular moderate ketosis are only partially known at the moment. What is ketosis? Ketosis is a state the body goes into if it needs to break down body fat for energy. The state is marked by raised levels of ketones in the blood which can be used by the body as fuel. Ketones which are not used for fuel are excreted out of the body via the kidneys and the urine. Is ketosis the same as ketoacidosis? There is often confusion as to the difference between ketosis and ketoacidosis. Ketosis is the state whereby the body is producing ketones. In ketosis, the level of ketones in the blood can be anything between normal to very high.

Diabetic ketoacidosis , also known as DKA, only describes the state in which the level of ketones is either high or very high. In ketoacidosis, the amount of ketones in the blood is sufficient to turn the blood acidic, which is a dangerous medical state. When does ketosis occur? Ketosis will take place when the body needs energy and there is not sufficient glucose available for the body. This can typically happen when the body is lacking insulin and blood glucose levels become high. Other causes can be the result of being on a low carb diet . A low level of carbohydrate will lead to low levels of insulin, and therefore the body will produce ketones which do not rely on insulin to get into and fuel the body’s cells. A further cause of ketosis, less relevant to people with diabetes, is a result of excessive alcohol consumption. Is ketosis dangerous? The NHS describes ketosis as a potentially serious condition , whereas a number of popular diets cite ketosis as being an essential part of weight loss. Ketosis is described as being potentially dangerous as very high level of ketones can make the blood acidic, a state known as ketoacidosis, which can lead to serious illness in a relatively short space of time.

Maintaining relatively high levels of ketones over a long period of time, such as by being on a ketogenic diet for a long time, has had questions asked over long term safety. A study, carried out at the John Hopkins Children’s Centre in Baltimore, USA, was conducted for up to 8 years and found ketogenic diets to be relatively safe over that period. However, these studies were carried out on patients up to 26 years old and evidence of safety over the longer term and in older groups is not so well known. Testing for ketones It is possible to check your blood to find out the ketone level in your blood. It is also possible to check your urine for ketones, however, the result given may only indicate the level of ketones earlier in the day. What is a safe level of ketosis? The presence of ketones will measured in either mmol/l or by plus signs ‘+’. Different levels of ketones +++ or ++++ Very high General advice is to keep ketones levels low to prevent any risk of organ damage, particularly to the kidneys and liver. If you take insulin, having ketone levels above 1.5 mmol/l (+) could represent a risk of ketoacidosis.

High or very high ketone levels may be indicated by vomiting or the presence of ketones on the breath, which may smell ‘fruity’ or reminiscent of nail polish remover. Research has yet to produce conclusive evidence over which levels of ketones are safe to maintain over extended periods of time, such as for people on low carbohydrate or ketogenic diets. Ketosis and low carb diets A state of ketosis is a fairly common result of going onto a low carbohydrate diet. As indicated above, there is no particular ketone level that has been regarded as safe over the long term. People who choose to go onto low carb diets are often advised to keep hydrated by drinking sufficient fluids through the day. Explore Ketosis Ketosis: What Is Ketosis? - Medical News Today Ketosis: What Is Ketosis? 3.5 38 Ketosis is a metabolic process that occurs when the body does not have enough glucose for energy. Stored fats are broken down for energy, resulting in a build-up of acids called ketones within the body. Some people encourage ketosis by following a diet called the ketogenic or low-carb diet.

The aim of the diet is to try and burn off unwanted fat by forcing the body to rely on burning fat for energy, rather than carbohydrates . Ketosis is also commonly observed in patients with diabetes , as the process can occur if the body does not have enough insulin or is not using insulin correctly. Problems associated with extreme levels of ketosis are more likely to develop in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with type 2 diabetes patients. Contents of this article: Fast facts on ketosis Here are some key points about ketosis. More detail and supporting information is in the main article. Ketosis occurs when the body does not have sufficient access to its main fuel source, glucose. Ketosis describes a condition where fat stores are broken down to release energy, which also releases ketones, a type of acid. As ketone levels rise, the acidity of the blood also rises, leading to ketoacidosis, a serious condition that can prove fatal. People with type 1 diabetes are more likely to develop ketoacidosis, for which emergency medical treatment is required to avoid or treat diabetic coma . Some people follow a ketogenic (low-carb) diet to try to lose weight by forcing the body to burn fat stores.

Ketone levels can be monitored by testing urine using specialized strips available from pharmacies. People with diabetes are advised to test ketone levels every 4-6 hours when sick (as this can increase the risk of ketoacidosis), and every 4-6 hours if blood glucose is over 240 mg/dL. What is ketosis? In normal circumstances, the body's cells use glucose as their main form of energy. Glucose is typically derived from dietary carbohydrates, including sugar and starchy foods such as bread and pasta which the body breaks down into simple sugars. Glucose can either be used to fuel the body or stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen.1 If there is not enough glucose available to meet energy demands, the body will adopt an alternative strategy in order to meet those demands. Specifically, the body begins to break down fat stores to provide glucose from triglycerides. Ketones are a by-product of this process. Ketones are acids that build up in the blood and are eliminated in urine.

In small amounts, they serve to indicate that the body is breaking down fat, but high levels of ketones can poison the body, leading to a process called ketoacidosis.2 Ketosis describes the metabolic state whereby the body converts fat stores into energy, releasing ketones in the process.3 The ketogenic diet Some people follow a ketogenic diet as a way to lose weight. Due to the fact that ketosis breaks down fat stored within the body, some diets aim to create this metabolic state so as to facilitate weight loss. Ketosis diets are also referred to as ketogenic diets, ket diets, or sometimes low-carbohydrate diets. The diet itself can be regarded as a high-fat diet, with around 75% of calories derived from fats. In contrast, around 20% and 5% of calories are gained from proteins and carbohydrates respectively.4 Adhering to the ketogenic diet can lead to short-term weight loss. A study conducted in 2008 and published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that obese men following a ketogenic diet for 4 weeks lost an average of 12 lbs during this time.

The participants were able to consume fewer calories without feeling hungry while following the diet.5 According to the Mayo Clinic, the ketogenic diet could have a healthful effect on serious health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It may also improve levels of HDL cholesterol better than other moderate-carbohydrate diets. 6 These health benefits could be due to the loss of excess weight and eating of healthier foods, rather than a reduction in carbohydrates. The ketogenic diet has also been used under medical supervision to reduce seizures in children with epilepsy who do not respond to other forms of treatment. Some studies have suggested that the diet could also benefit adults with epilepsy, although more research is required to confirm these findings.7,8 However, longer-term adherence to the ketogenic diet does not appear to yield great benefit. A 2014 review of diets found that after a year, the difference between a ketogenic diet and a normal protein diet was only around 1 lb (roughly 0.4 kg). The American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology, and the Obesity Society have concluded that there is not enough evidence to suggest that low-carbohydrate diets such as the ketogenic diet provide benefits healthful to the heart.

Ketosis and diabetes In diabetic patients, ketosis can occur due to the body not having enough insulin to process the glucose in the body. The presence of ketones in the urine is an indicator that a patient's diabetes is not being controlled properly. 2 Some dietitians recommend a ketogenic diet for individuals with type 2 diabetes, also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). With type 2 diabetes, the body still produces some insulin but is unable to properly use the insulin to transport glucose into cells for use as fuel. The ketogenic diet focuses on the reduction of dietary carbohydrate intake. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are recommended to reduce carbohydrate intake as carbohydrates are converted to glucose and increase blood sugar levels.9 Patients with diabetes who follow a ketogenic diet need to carefully monitor their ketone levels. A serious condition called ketoacidosis can occur if these levels get too high, and although it is most prevalent in individuals with type 1 diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes can still develop ketoacidosis. On the next page we take a look at ketoacidosis and find out about the available treatments for ketosis and the ways in which to prevent it. Ketosis | What is Ketosis?

| Nutritional Ketosis 22 Comments Share This: There is a lot of confusion about the term ketosis among medical professionals as well as laypeople. It is important to understand when and why nutritional ketosis occurs, and why it should not be confused with the metabolic disorder we call ketoacidosis. Ketosis is a metabolic state where the liver produces small organic molecules called ketone bodies. Most cells in the body can use ketone bodies as a source of energy. When there is a limited supply of external energy sources, such as during prolonged fasting or carbohydrate restriction, ketone bodies can provide energy for most organs. In this situation, ketosis can be regarded as a reasonable, adaptive physiologic response that is essential for life, enabling us to survive periods of famine. Nutritional ketosis should not be confused with ketoacidosis, a metabolic condition where the blood becomes acidic as a result of the accumulation of ketone bodies. Ketoacidosis can have serious consequences and may need urgent medical treatment. The most common forms are diabetic ketoacidosis and alcoholic ketoacidosis. What Is Ketosis? The human body can be regarded as a biologic machine. Machines need energy to operate.

Some use gasoline, others use electricity, and some use other power resources. Glucose is the primary fuel for most cells and organs in the body. To obtain energy, cells must take up glucose from the blood. Once glucose enters the cells, a series of metabolic reactions break it down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the process. The body has an ability to store excess glucose in the form of glycogen. In this way, energy can be stored for later use. Glycogen consists of long chains of glucose molecules and is primarily found in the liver and skeletal muscle. Liver glycogen stores are used to maintain normal levels of glucose in the blood while muscle glycogen stores are mainly used to fuel muscle activity. Carbohydrates are the body’s primary source of glucose and other sugar molecules such as fructose and galactose. During carbohydrate restriction, both proteins and fats can be used for energy. In fact, most cells can use fatty acids for energy, but brain cells and developing red cells are more dependent on glucose for energy supply. However, brain cells can adapt and use ketones from fat breakdown for its energy needs. When no carbohydrate is available, the liver will not break down fat completely.

Instead, it produces ketone bodies that are used by most cells to provide energy. When ketone bodies are produced more quickly than the body needs, ketone levels build up in the blood, resulting in a condition known as ketosis. Ketosis is most commonly caused by very low carbohydrate consumption or prolonged fasting. When the body’s glycogen stores become depleted, the breakdown of body fat (mainly triglycerides) results in increased availability of fatty acids. Most cells can use fatty acids for energy production. However, many fatty acids can not pass the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, the brain becomes dependent on ketone bodies produced by the liver. The breakdown of fatty acids results in the production of an important substance called acetyl CoA . When fat and carbohydrate metabolism is in the balance, most acetyl CoA enters the so-called citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) where it is used for energy production. When acetyl CoA cannot enter the citric acid cycle, it is shunted to form ketone bodies. This process is called ketogenesis. Ketone bodies include three compounds: acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate.

Acetone can sometimes be smelled from the breaths of people with high levels of ketone bodies in the blood. You may be acquainted with the smell because some nail polish removers contain acetone. Ketone bodies are not only produced when the glycogen stores become depleted. In fact, ketone bodies are produced by the liver all the time. Research indicates that the heart and kidneys prefer to use ketone bodies rather than glucose as a fuel resource. To dispose of excess ketone bodies, the body uses the kidneys to excrete them in urine, and they are exhaled from the lungs. During ketosis, ketones can easily be detected in the urine. Nutritional Ketosis When daily carbohydrate consumption is restricted to below 60 grams per day, the body usually shifts into ketosis and blood levels of ketone bodies start to rise. At this level of consumption, blood levels of ketone bodies may rise above 0.5 mmol/L, which is ten times higher than among individuals who consume 300 grams of carbohydrate per day. With lower consumption blood levels of ketone bodies rise further, and may reach 3 mmol/L. The hepatic generation of ketone bodies is the normal physiologic response to fasting.

Mild ketosis (ketone body concentration of about 1 mmol/L) develops after a 12- to 14-hour fast. If fasting continues, ketone body concentration continues to rise and peaks at a concentration of 8 to 10 mmol/L. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is the major ketone body that accumulates. This normal physiological response to varying degree of carbohydrate restriction or fasting is termed nutritional ketosis. This process is dependent on the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin. If insulin production is limited, the acid-base balance of the body may become interrupted. Ketoacidosis It is important to differentiate between ketoacidosis and ketosis. When ketoacidosis is present, the blood becomes acidic ( pH level drops). Increased blood acidity can have serious consequences, cause coma and eventually death if untreated. However, although ketone bodies are acidic, the body usually manages to keep the acidity of the blood within normal limits during carbohydrate restriction or prolonged fasting. Unlike ketoacidosis, nutritional ketosis is by definition a benign metabolic state, enabling our body to react to a shortage of dietary fuels. The most common causes of ketoacidosis are diabetic ketoacidosis and alcoholic ketoacidosis .

The former is primarily associated with type 1 diabetes, due to a shortage of insulin. The latter occurs primarily among alcoholics. Although nutritional ketosis is considered safe, it is important to realize that people who are unable to secrete basal insulin, such as type 1 diabetics and some type 2 diabetics, are at more risk of entering unsafe levels of ketosis that may require emergency medical treatment. Ketogenic Diet Ketogenic diets emphasize foods rich in natural fats and adequate in protein and restrict foods high in carbohydrate. While the standard American diet contains 45-65% of calories from carbohydrate, ketogenic diets usually restrict carbohydrate intake to about 2-4% of calories. A typical ketogenic meal includes a small amount of protein, a source of natural fats (for example, butter, beef tallow, lard, duck fat, cream, olive oil, or coconut oil) and some green leafy vegetables. For many of us, a ketogenic diet defies everything we’ve learned about diet and nutrition through the years. That’s why it may be a bit hard for many to accept. Coffee with butter, bacon, steak, cream and fat cheese. Very little fruit. Many will say that such a diet defies common sense.

But the fact is that ketogenic diets have been tried and tested, and there is no clear evidence of harm . Ketogenic diets have been used to treat epilepsy in children. There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from such a diet as well. In the 1920’s ketogenic diets were popular due to their efficacy in childhood epilepsy. However, anti-epileptic drugs have largely replaced ketogenic diets as a treatment for epilepsy. Ketogenic diets usually induce weight loss. Insulin sensitivity is improved, and there may be some other metabolic advances as well. Therefore, low-carbohydrate diets and periodic fasting have become very popular worldwide. S tudies indicate that low-carbohydrate diets induce more weight loss, lower triglycerides and raise HDL-cholesterol (the good cholesterol), compared with low-fat diets. There is some evidence that ketogenic diets may affect the growth of cancer cells and improve the quality of life in cancer patients. However, it is premature to make any recommendations based on current research. Ketosis Symptoms Although nutritional ketosis is an adaptive response triggered by lack of external energy resources, it may initially be associated with unpleasant physical symptoms.

Fasting and carbohydrate restriction leading to ketosis can cause headache, nausea, fatigue, dry mouth, bad breath, upset stomach, nausea, frequent urination, and lack of mental clarity. The symptoms associated with ketosis are most often temporary and will usually pass in a couple of days. Therefore, they are sometimes called “ketosis flu.” Some of these symptoms are caused by dehydration, and therefore intake of salt and water may be helpful. Share This: Subscribe to Doc's Opinion via Email Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Join 1,284 other subscribers Ketosis | definition of ketosis by Medical dictionary Ketosis | definition of ketosis by Medical dictionary ke·to·sis (kē-tō'sis), A condition characterized by the enhanced production of ketone bodies, as in diabetes mellitus or starvation. [ketone + -osis, condition] ketosis /ke·to·sis/ (ke-to´sis) accumulation of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in body tissues and fluids, occurring when fatty acids are incompletely metabolized.ketot´ic ketosis n. pl.

keto·ses (-sēz) A pathological increase in the production of ketone bodies. ke·tot′ic (-tŏt′ĭk) adj. ketosis [kitō′sis] Etymology: Gk, keton + glykys, sweet + osis, condition the abnormal accumulation of ketones in the body as a result of excessive breakdown of fats caused by a deficiency or inadequate use of carbohydrates. Fatty acids are metabolized instead, and the end products, ketones, begin to accumulate. This condition is seen in starvation, occasionally in pregnancy if the intake of protein and carbohydrates is inadequate, and most frequently in diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by ketonuria, loss of potassium in the urine, and a fruity odor of acetone on the breath. Untreated, ketosis may progress to ketoacidosis, coma, and death. See also diabetes mellitus, ketoacidosis, starvation . ketotic, adj. Acetonaemia The presence of an excess of acetone in the blood, which occurs in ketoacidosis due to alcohol abuse, uncontrolled diabetes (ketoacidosis), starvation and prolonged fasting.

ketosis An abnormal ↑ in serum concentration of ketone bodies that does not produce acidosis. Cf Ketoacidosis . ke·to·sis Enhanced production of ketone bodies, as in diabetes mellitus or starvation. [ketone + -osis, condition] ketosis The presence of abnormally high levels of KETONES in the blood. These are produced when fats are used as fuel in the absence of carbohydrate or available protein as in DIABETES or starvation. Ketosis is dangerous because high levels make the blood abnormally acid and there is loss of water, sodium and potassium and a major biochemical upset with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, and, if the condition is not rapidly treated, coma and death. Mild ketosis also occurs in cases of excessive morning sickness in pregnancy. ketosis enhanced ketone production; see ketoacidosis ke·to·sis Low-Carb, High-Protein Diets: Risks (Ketosis) and Benefits Is a Low-Carb Diet Right for You? High-protein, low-carbohydrate diets, like The Atkins Diet , have been widely promoted as effective weight loss plans .

These programs generally recommend that dieters get 30% to 50% of their total calories from protein. By comparison, the American Heart Association, the National Cholesterol Education Program, and the American Cancer Society all recommend a diet in which a smaller percentage of calories come from protein. How Do Low-Carb Diets Work? Normally your body burns carbohydrates for fuel. When you drastically cut carbs, the body goes into a metabolic state called ketosis , and it begins to burn its own fat for fuel. When your fat stores become a primary energy source, you may lose weight . The Risks of High-Protein, Low-Carb Diets Some experts have raised concern about high-protein, low-carb diets. High cholesterol. Some protein sources -- like fatty cuts of meat, whole dairy products, and other high-fat foods -- can raise cholesterol , increasing your chance of heart disease . However, studies showed that people on the Atkins diet for up to 2 years actually had decreased “bad” cholesterol levels . Kidney problems. If you have any kidney problems, eating too much protein puts added strain on your kidneys . This could worsen kidney function. Osteoporosis and kidney stones .

When you're on a high- protein diet , you may urinate more calcium than normal. There are conflicting reports, but some experts think this could make osteoporosis and kidney stones more likely. Is a Low-Carb Diet Right for You? If you're considering a high-protein diet, check with your doctor or a nutritionist to see if it's OK for you. They can help you come up with a plan that will make sure you're getting enough fruits and vegetables , and that you're getting lean protein foods. Remember, weight loss that lasts is usually based on changes you can live with for a long time, not a temporary diet. WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by Michael W. Smith, MD on May 06, 2015 © 2012 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. Next Article Lose Weight by Achieving Optimal Ketosis - Diet Doctor Lose Weight by Achieving Optimal Ketosis Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt, M.D.Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt is a Swedish medical doctor specialized in family medicine. He now runs the fast-growing health site DietDoctor.com as the founder and owner, together with 16 co-workers.

in Insulin , Ketone measuring , Weight loss Do you want to lose weight? Here’s number 16 of my 18 best tips. All of the published tips can be found on the How to Lose Weight page. 16. Get into optimal ketosis Warning: Not recommended for type 1 diabetics, see below. We’ve now arrived at tip number 16. If you’re still having trouble losing weight, despite following the 15 pieces of advice listed above, it might be a good idea to bring out the heavy artillery: optimal ketosis. Many people stalling at weight plateaus while on a low carb diet have found optimal ketosis helpful. It’s what can melt the fat off once again . So how does this work? A quick run-through: The first tip was to eat low carb. This is because a low-carb diet lowers your levels of the fat-storing hormone insulin , allowing your fat deposits to shrink and release their stored energy. This tends to cause you to want to consume less calories than you expend – without hunger – and lose weight. Several of the tips mentioned above are about fine-tuning your diet to better this effect.

Video course Do you know exactly how to eat a low-carb and high fat diet (LCHF)? This is required for ketosis. If not the easiest way is watching this high quality 11-minute video course on how to eat LCHF, and the most important things to think about. Sign up for our free newsletter and you’ll get instant access to it: The newsletter arrives once a week with unbiased information free from ads or industry influence . Your email is kept 100% private. To unsubscribe just press “unsubscribe” at the bottom of any newsletter. Maximum effect from an LCHF diet How do you know you’re getting the maximum hormonal impact from your low-carb diet? You do that by achieving what’s known as “optimal ketosis”. Ketosis Ketosis is a state at which the body has an extremely high fat-burning rate. Even the brain runs on fat, via ketone bodies. These are energy molecules in the blood (like blood sugar) which become fuel for our brains after being converted from fat by the liver. To encourage ketone production, the amount of insulin in your bloodstream must be low. The lower your insulin, the higher your ketone production.

And when you have a well-controlled, sufficiently large amount of ketones in your blood, it’s basically proof that your insulin is very low – and therefore, that you’re enjoying the maximum effect of your low-carbohydrate diet. That’s what’s called optimal ketosis. Measuring ketones Today, there are reasonably-priced gadgets available for measuring ketone levels at home. One needle prick of the finger, and in just a few seconds you’ll know your blood ketone level. Blood ketones are best measured on a fasted stomach in the morning (before breakfast, that is). Here are a few pointers on how to interpret the result: Below 0.5 mmol/L is not considered “ketosis”. At this level, you’re far away from maximum fat-burning. Between 0.5-1.5 mmol/L is light nutritional ketosis. You’ll be getting a good effect on your weight, but not optimal. Around 1.5 – 3 mmol/L is what’s called optimal ketosis and is recommended for maximum weight loss. Values of over 3 mmol/L aren’t neccessary. That is, they will achieve neither better nor worse results than being at the 1.5-3 level.

Higher values can also sometimes mean that you’re not getting enough food. For type 1 diabetics, it can be caused by a severe lack of insulin, see below. Ketones in urine Ketone levels can also be measured in a more old-fashioned way, with urine test sticks (sold prescription-free in pharmacies or on Amazon ). Ketone sticks give less reliable results for several reasons, and the above recommendations can’t be straightforwardly applied to them. They are, however, much cheaper. My personal experience Although I was quite happy with my weight before these trials, they resulted in a further loss of 4.5kgs (10 pounds) and 7cm (3 inches) around my waist – without additional exercise or even the slightest resemblance of hunger. How to achieve optimal ketosis Many who firmly believe they are eating a strict low-carb diet are surprised when they measure their blood ketones. They may be at around only 0.2 or 0.5 – quite far off from the sweet spot! Why? The trick here is not only to avoid all obvious sourced of carbohydrate (sweets, bread, spaghetti, rice, potatoes), but also to be careful with your protein intake.

If you eat large amounts of meat, eggs and the like, the excess protein will converted into glucose in the body. Large amounts of protein can also raise your insulin levels somewhat. This compromises optimal ketosis. The secret to getting around this is usually to eat your fill with more fat. For example, if you have a bigger helping of herb butter to your steak, you might not feel like having a second steak, and instead feel satisfied after the first one. A popular trick people use to ingest more fat is “fat coffee” (sometimes called “Magic Bullet Coffee” or MBC). It involves adding one tablespoon of butter and one tablespoon of coconut oil to your (morning) coffee, and requires a food blender for the right texture. More fat in your food will fill you up more. This will ensure you eat less protein, and even less carbohydrate. Your insulin will drop and, hopefully, you’ll be able to reach optimal ketosis. And that’s when many a stubborn weight plateau is overcome. If it doesn’t work Being in optimal ketosis for a prolonged period of time (say, a month) will ensure that you experience the maximal hormonal effect from eating a low-carb diet.

If this doesn’t result in noticeable weight loss, you can be certain that too many carbs are NOT part of your weight issue and not the obstacle to your weight loss. There are, in fact, other causes of obesity and being overweight. The next three tips in this series might help you. Try it Order a ketone meter online and start measuring. There are a few different models, the most popular one is probably the Precision Xtra ketone meter. Unfortunately these meters are all quite expensive to use, as the test strips can cost about $5 per test. Here’s a complete package with everything you need to check your blood ketone levels. More Read all the tips on the How to Lose Weight page. A word of warning If you have type 1 diabetes, you should not follow the above advice on optimal ketosis – it may be risky. If you have ketones in your blood at all, you must be sure that your blood sugar levels are normal. If they are, you’re in normal ketosis – just like the ketosis of healthy people who stick to a strict low carb diet.

High blood sugar levels coupled with high blood ketones, on the other hand, will mean that you have a pathologically low level of insulin – something non-diabetics do not suffer from. This can lead to ketoacidosis – a potentially life-threatening condition. If this happens, you’ll need to inject more insulin; if you’re at all unsure of what to do, contact a medical professional. Coveting really high blood ketones for weight control is not worth the risk for type 1 diabetics. What Is Ketosis? What Is Ketosis? Ketoacidosis " Ketosis " is a word you'll probably see when you're looking for information on diabetes or weight loss. Is it a good thing or a bad thing? That depends. Ketosis is a normal metabolic process, something your body does to keep working. When it doesn't have enough carbohydrates from food for your cells to burn for energy, it burns fat instead. As part of this process, it makes ketones . If you're healthy and eating a balanced diet , your body controls how much fat it burns, and you don't normally make or use ketones.

But when you cut way back on your calories or carbs, your body will switch to ketosis for energy. It can also happen after exercising for a long time and during pregnancy . For people with uncontrolled diabetes , ketosis is a sign of not using enough insulin . Ketosis can become dangerous when ketones build up. High levels lead to dehydration and change the chemical balance of your blood . Low-Carb and Ketogenic Diets Ketosis is a popular weight loss strategy. Low-carb eating plans include the first part of the Atkins diet and the Paleo diet , which stress proteins for fueling your body. In addition to helping your burn body fat, ketosis can make you feel less hungry . It also helps you maintain muscles. For healthy people who don't have diabetes and aren't pregnant, ketosis usually kicks in after 3 or 4 days of eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrates per day. That's about 3 slices of bread, a cup of low-fat fruit yogurt, or two small bananas. You can start ketosis by fasting , too. Doctors may put children who have epilepsy on a ketogenic diet , a special high-fat, very low-carb and protein plan, because it might help prevent seizures .

Adults with epilepsy sometimes eat modified Atkins diets. Goat Notes D10: Pregnancy Toxaemia and Ketosis in Goats Pregnancy toxaemia and ketosis in goats The diseases pregnancy toxaemia and ketosis can cause severe problems in goats. While the diseases are clinically different and occur during different stages of pregnancy and lactation, the basis of the disorder is essentially the same: a decrease in blood sugar levels and an increase in ketones. In ruminants, glucose is synthesised mainly from propionic acid (a volatile fatty acid produced in the rumen) and from amino acids. The amount of glucose that is absorbed directly depends on how much dietary carbohydrate escapes rumen fermentation and is digested in the small intestine. This form of glucose uptake varies with different feeds as well as their treatment. Ruminants can use products from rumen fermentation, such as volatile fatty acids, for most of their energy requirements. However, the nervous system, kidneys, mammary gland and foetus have a direct requirement for glucose. During periods of peak glucose requirement (late pregnancy and early lactation) problems may arise due to a glucose deficiency. The incidence of pregnancy toxaemia and ketosis varies with the two main types of goats.

In dairy goats with a genetic potential for high milk production, ketosis may be a potential problem; in non-milch goats (Angora, Cashmere and meat) pregnancy toxaemia is more common. PREGNANCY TOXAEMIA Main causes The most important cause of pregnancy toxaemia is a decline in the plane of nutrition during the last six to eight weeks of pregnancy. This places the pregnant female in a difficult situation because the developing foetus imposes an unremitting drain on available maternal nutrients. Pregnancy toxaemia can arise from starvation and an over-fat condition. Starvation - The natural tendency for goats in an autumn breeding cycle, with most Angora flocks having a late winter or spring kidding. If the last third of pregnancy coincides with the spring flush of pasture growth, pregnancy toxaemia should not be a problem under extensive grazing. However, in the South-West of Western Australia a late break in the season followed by cold weather usually results in little pasture growth, and animals are frequently in poor condition during late pregnancy. Some feral goats and the lower grades of Angora crosses may have an extended breeding cycle, with some breeding twice a year.

With these goats there may be periods where late pregnancy coincides with poor feed, especially during autumn. Over-fat - Over-fat does are usually found in a small enclosure and get very little exercise. Their appetite may be reduced, they become lazy and excessive fat breakdown begins in an attempt to maintain blood glucose levels. This can result in abnormally high levels of ketones. Another problem is fatty degeneration of the liver. A healthy doe and kid. Early diagnosis can prevent pregnancy toxaemia and ketosis. Other causes Psychological considerations - Goats tend to form small family groups. When an animal is removed from its group it can fret and refuse to eat. Fretting is more common with one or two house goats. Bonding may also include humans; the goat may refuse to eat when its human friend is away. These periods of voluntary starvation may be critical in late pregnancy, triggering off excessive fat breakdown leading to pregnancy toxaemia. Appetite-depressing factors - Gastro-intestinal worms are known to depress voluntary feed intake, as well as causing an increased leakage of protein into the animal's small intestine. A deficiency of vitamin B12 (due to a cobalt deficiency) will also result in a drastic reduction in voluntary feed intake.

Stress - Various forms of stress, such as transportation, prolonged yarding and shearing, may decrease energy intake and increase energy expenditure. Disease - Other diseases, such as the causes of lameness and bad teeth, may impede the animal's ability to forage. Clinicial findings Clinical findings will vary depending on whether the animal is run in a backyard or in a flock. The over-fat and/or backyard doe - About four weeks before kidding the doe becomes lazy, spends much time lying down and typically defaecates while recumbent. Her appetite may become capricious. Eight to ten days later, the feet and lower parts of the legs may swell and the doe is reluctant to walk. This period of reduced exercise is accompanied by a decrease in feed intake, until about one week before kidding the doe stops eating and will not stand unless assisted. In the terminal phase the doe will moan and have laboured respiration and sunken eyes, indicating a rapid loss of condition. She usually dies two to three days before she is due to kid. Starvation — In the paddock or flock situation, affected animals are often not noticed until they have reached a terminal stage. The affected doe is usually found on her own near some shelter.

Respiration is laboured and often through the mouth. Her "camp" is surrounded by small, flinty, mucous-covered droppings, indicating she has not eaten for a few days. She may attempt to kid on the day she dies. Diagnosis Pregnancy toxaemia is usually suspected when heavily pregnant does have a history similar to that outlined previously. The characteristic signs at autopsy are: The liver is swollen, friable and greasy. The fat in the abdominal cavity has whitish flakes of necrosis throughout. Well developed kid or kids in the uterus. Treatment Treatment is seldom successful unless the condition is diagnosed early. It is aimed at correcting the doe's energy imbalance by a direct energy supplement with a twice-daily drench of 120 to 180ml of glycerine or propylen glycol mixed with an equal volume of water. Or, an intravenous injection of 100 to 200ml of a 50 per cent dextrose or glucose solution will give a rapid initial effect. Other supportive measures include forcing the overfat doe to exercise, premature induction of kidding or caesarian, and stimulating the doe's appetite by using selected shrubs and vitamins, if needed.

Prevention Avoid an over-fat condition during early pregnancy. In the last two months, gradually increase the plane of nutrition. If this is not possible on existing paddock feed, either supplement the feed or select a different kidding time. Avoid periods of sudden stress during the last two months of pregnancy. KETOSIS (Acetonaemia) Cause All high-yielding dairy animals in early lactation may experience a net loss of energy and may be in a state of sub-clinical ketosis. About four to six weeks after kidding, hormonal stimuli for lactation may overcome the effects of inadequate food intake. However, it takes only a small nutritional inadequacy of metabolic imbalance for does to develop clinical ketosis. Predisposing factors In the last four weeks of pregnancy, rumen activity is restricted, resulting in a depressed food intake. This may continue into the first few weeks of lactation. Over-fatness during late pregnancy may reduce appetite further and predispose the goat to a subsequent rapid fat breakdown. Other factors may include faulty ration formulation and feeding regime. Ruminal digestion will be upset if a big quantity of concentrated feed is eaten over a short period. In the extreme form this results in a complete lack of ruminal motility and acidosis.

Sudden changes in types of feed may result in indigestion or periods of low volunatry feed intake. Short periods of starvation, either voluntary (pregnancy toxaemia) or imposed (yarding, transport) may cause problems. Stress may have a direct effect on feed intake as well as having a hormonal effect on the metabolic process. Clinical findings The clinical evidence of ketosis usually appears during the period leading up to peak lactation (six to eight weeks after kidding). Sub-clinical form — Many high producing dairy animals are on the borderline for ketosis. Intermittent periods of indigestion may take place with excessive amounts of highly digestible food, which may result in high levels of volatile fatty acids. Excessive acidity is liable to cause a stand-still of rumen activity and a chain of metabolic events resulting in excessive fat breakdown and ketosis. In this mild form, does will have irregular milk production and days of inactivity. Clinical form — In the more severe form, the clinical findings include: A decrease in appetite and milk production. A rapid loss in condition. Hard droppings which tend to have pointed ends. The doe is moderately depressed and frequently exhibits signs suggestive of milk abdominal pain.

A "sweet corn" (acetone) smell may be detected on the doe's breath or in the milk. Diagnosis Diagnosis is generally based on the doe's history (time of kidding) and the clinical findings. However, the clinical signs can be confused with hypocalcaemia (milk fever), enterotoxaemia (pulpy kidney), bloat, impaction, reticulitis and nephritis. The presence of ketones can be established by using acetest tablets in a urine sample. Treatment The general principle of direct energy supplementation is the same as outline for pregnancy toxaemia. With non-pregnant animals, the second option is hormone therapy (cortisone) which affects the activity of certain key enzymes, thereby increasing the blood glucose supply. In cases where problems with grain digestion are suspected, acidosis may be reduced by dosing the doe with sodium bicarbonate (500ml of a 5 per cent solution). A small dose of sodium bicarbonate (100 to 150ml) will stimulate the oesophageal groove to close, ensuring fluid flows directly to the fourth stomach. It is useful as a preliminary drench to be followed by the other forms of oral drenching outlined previously.

Prevention The main preventative measures are: The doe must not be excessively fat at the beginning of the dry period. The production ration should be introduced about one month before kidding to allow the rumen micro-organisms to adapt. After kidding, feed the doe as much as she will eat of a good quality roughage diet up to peak lactation yield. © 2000 W.A. Dept. Ag. Catalyst: Blog: My six week ketogenic diet experiment - ABC TV Science >> Reply John L - 19 Nov 2014 12:40:04am This is an excellent comment sir. Could you please apply for a job at the ABC and take over running this Catalyst program from the present crew who appear to prefer hype to substance? Hopefully if you take over presenting Catalyst, the present people may then head on over to Channel 10 where they belong. This diet has its place in medicine however it is not for the average, already healthy person and should not be presented as such. The "one size fits all" sentiment presented here smacks of the same jingoism that characterises all fad diets......a focus on short term weight loss at the expense of long term health.

jl >> Reply steve phinney - 08 Dec 2014 1:11:47pm Based upon textbook average (mean) changes in body composition with drugs or resistance training, your protest seems to be right on. However within objective science, we classify anything within 2 standard deviations of the mean as 'normal'. In this context, if a woman has previously tried to limit weight gain by restricting both fat and energy, that typically translates to eating less total protein. Restricting energy and protein results in loss of lean body mass. Far from being theoretical, I published a study in 1988 (Phinney et al, Metabolism. 37:758-65) in which one of 12 women locked in a metabolic ward and given a moderate protein ketogenic diet with less than 1000 kcal per day experienced far less than the expected weight loss. Using meticulous nitrogen balance testing, this woman was found to have gained 7 lbs (ie, > 3 kg) of lean body mass in 5 weeks. And yes, she had previously been restricting fat and thus protein for the previous year. In this context, Ms.

Lawrence's observation that she could have gained 4 kg of lean body mass in 6 weeks is wholly credible, and well within the range of a 'normal response' to this diet. >> Reply Lorena - 24 Jan 2016 12:03:30pm Interestingly, my husband and l have always battled weight and tried everything under the sun. We started Paleo almost 4 weeks ago and l lost 3 kgs first week while he lost nothing. Then l found about Keto and we transitioned to that, still no weight loss, or any other changes for that matter. A friend of mine went Paleo on my recommendation just after we started and has lost 10kgs- literally falling off her. I am thinking that we have been doing too much protein not enough fats- frustrating, but l really want to make this work. Any suggestions???? Can l say we have been lower carbs for years due to allergies- but we're both chocolate lovers. The no sugar transition has been very easy- but surely we should have seen some weight loss. We don't drink alcohol or soft drinks.

>> Reply John Atkins - 16 Dec 2014 4:07:18am At age 63 i was diagnosed with bowel cancer and secondary liver cancer and told that i could only be offered palliative care and little/no chance of a cure. In desperation i immediately started the ketogenic diet and took all the chemo they would give me. Cannot be sure what was most effective but i can confirm i am now cancer free the past nine months and on a six monthly test cycle for the time being. I lost about 45lbs of weight on the diet but weight loss is usual with cancer anyway. Since i was declared cancer free i have loosened up the diet somewhat but stll avoid added sugar and wheat as far as reasonsbly possible. My weight came back up to about 20 lbs below where i started and now holding that weight and in good health with BMI about 25. >> Reply Amy - 28 Apr 2015 5:30:45am SO inspired by your story. Thank you for sharing! I've been on the ketogenic diet for 2 weeks now and am amazed already.

I'm 41 and have been battling lethargy and obesity for 15 years and your story gives me hope that I might spend the next 40 in better health! >> Reply Chris - 15 Nov 2014 6:40:18pm Carbohydrates probably do not belong in the "real world of food" as you put it. They are a nutritionally poor recent addition to the human diet that has ushered in the era of obesity and diobesity. Big food has enjoyed the use of sugar and refined carbs to bolster their profits and destroy public health. The pharmaceutical jackets have then moved in to reap the rewards of this nutritional catastrophe. >> Reply Mirrorgirl - 18 Nov 2014 12:06:49am The LCHF lifestyle is not a diet and so there is no 'returning' to eating the way you did before. I went LCHF 5 years ago. I have never tried to achieve Ketosis, however I did lose 35 kilos and I have not regained a single ounce. I think you are looking at this from an old paradigm.

This is a change for life and one that is so easy to maintain it's almost a joke. The only people who disagree with this nutritional lifestyle are those who have not tried it. It is literally the best thing since GIVING UP sliced bread. I have never been happier or healthier, after a lifetime of stupid yo-yo dieting (because I followed the 'recommended' approach of Low-fat and lots of Carbs). I will never go back. >> Reply Helen Lloyd - 18 Nov 2014 8:53:52am From what I have found from my own personal research and experience, this way of eating is a lifestyle and you don't actually come off it. Sure I have a slice of toast or an apple occasionally, but the insulin rush and blood sugar crash after is not really worth it. Stick to good quality proteins, higher fat and non starchy vegetables. The only fruit I can get away with now is frozen berries. So it's a permanent change and if you keep at it, it ends up just being a normal part of your life.

>> Reply VanD - 19 Nov 2014 9:30:25pm "What happens next?" is not the right question to ask. You don't have to change anything if you don't want to - you can stay in ketosis for years if you enjoy the food and the lifestyle - why not? Everyone has a genetically determined preset weight/body composition level that they won't go under despite remaining ketotic. If you prefer to reintroduce some foods that you previously cut out, that's up to you... of course those are the same foods that cause fat gain once above a certain level that overwhelms your metabolism. It's up to you to decide how strict you want to be. If you go back to eating junk then you'll put every back on... of course you will. >> Reply Harold Crews - 14 Nov 2014 11:52:57am Actually many people with diabetes whether T1 or T2 manage their diabetes through a low carb high fat diet. They find it much easier to control blood sugar by restricting carbohydrates instead of injecting insulin.

Aranja - 14 Nov 2014 12:11:33pm Keto acidosis is very different to ketosis. Something you learn asa you dive into the subject. Aimee - 14 Nov 2014 12:35:23pm Hi Nadine, It's very sad to hear of your daughters illness and I'm sure that diagnosis has been hard on her and your entire family. As someone who has been on a LCHF or "Ketogenic Diet" for 4 months and lost 18 kilos it's hard to see posts like this. I don't believe but doing this diet I am in any way abusing my body by manipulating ketone production in my favour "just to lose a few kilos". I was very overweight before starting this diet and have tried multiple other ways over the years to get this under control. I was heading for type II diabetes... Nutritional Ketosis is far different from Ketoacidosis and I think if you research this further you will be able to see that for people with low blood glucose from a low carbohydrate diet the production of ketones is a normal response to eliminating carbs and increasing fat intake.

I know your daughter had no choice in the card she was dealt, as did you, but I on the other hand did. If this diet could prevent other people from going through the heartaches you have been forced to deal with on a day to day basis, surely that is a valid enough reason? I am so glad that Catalyst has published this and their latest episode on Low Carb diets as I want as many people as possible who are struggling with weight and the medical issues associated with weight to get the information they need to start to live a better life. I think it would benefit you greatly to read more into the scientific research of a low carb high fat diet and see that weight and vanity are not the only reasons people should be eating this way. >> Reply Major Tom - 14 Nov 2014 12:50:07pm Hi Nadine, while I empathise with the difficulties of having a young child with a serious and chronic illness, a ketogenic diet in a healthy person is not the same as ketoacidosis in someone with diabetes.

WHen a diabetic person becomes ketoacidotic it is, as you stated, due to hyperglycaemia (which is dangeroud in the long-term in terms of micro and macrovascular damage) with signficant ketoacidosis leading to the other unpleasant symptoms you mentioned. A ketogenic diet in a healthy person results in mild ketosis, which as the blog states is a natural function of the body. THis is what the body does when times are tough and the harvest fails, the winter is long and the stores are low, etc. It is not harmful in and of itself and is not the smae as diabetic ketoacidosis. Moderator: Catalyst does not endorse the views expressed in posts and recommends consulting a medical practitioner for medical advice. Jade - 14 Nov 2014 1:15:23pm Nadine, I completely agree with you. I am so sorry to hear that your daughter at such a young age has to go through with this. I am just about to graduate as a Dietitian, and reading this blog is really off-putting. Sure, all these fad diets will make people loose weight in the short term.

However there is a reason why our Dietary Guidelines are what they are, they are based on thousands upon thousands of participants undergone randomised control trials in order to best formulate the guidelines we now have for Australians. What people don't realise is that the new 2013 Guidelines have actually reduced the serve size of breads and cereals from 2 slices of bread down to now 1 slice of bread constitutes a serve size. This keto diet, in terms of it's biomedical mechanisms makes sense. And works, however the unnatural mechanistic pathways it is putting vital organs through such as the pancreas and liver, is alarming. As you said Nadine, those effects of Hypoglycaemia are dangerous. The Keto diet's frequent occurrences of Hypos (shaking, fainting etc) not only cause long-term damage to the pancreas it can cause the long-term damage seen in Diabetic patients such as deterioration in eye sight, poor foot health (ulcers) and in very severe cases gangrene. As someone who is passionate about research and change, until extensive credibly standardized human intervention trials are undertaken on the safety and long-term effects of the keto-diet and others alike, I would not recommend them to anyone or patients.

Mike - 14 Nov 2014 2:46:59pm Sorry but you're confusing ketoacidosis with ketosis. They aren't the same state. Ketoacidosis results from the body not being able to use glucose (via insulin production) for energy. When the body can't use glucose it switches to fat, however, it still needs some insulin in order to utilize the ketones. Type 1 diabetics do not produce enough insulin for their bodies to manage those ketones. Those with normal insulin function and Type 2 diabetes are perfectly safe in ketosis. Type 2 diabetics especially because their condition is the opposite of Type 1. They have far too much glucose in the blood and their bodies are producing insulin overtime in order to get rid of it. Ketosis is a normal function. In fact, when you wake up in the morning you are in a mild ketogenic state because you've been in a carbohydrate fasted state for several hours. Julian - 14 Nov 2014 3:43:47pm ketoacidosis is completely different to nutritional ketosis. Diabetes is an intolerance to carbohydrates.

ANy other dietary intolerance the doctor would say don't eat that food. But for diabetes they say eat more carbohydrates and just balance it with insulin. This goes against commonsense! Slowly remove some carbohydrates and add more saturated fats. theres thousands of diabetics in this world who now very rarely have to check their blood sugars and inject insulin because they have moved to a lower carb higher fat diet >> Reply Alexandria - 14 Nov 2014 4:52:57pm Nadine, as the mother of a 5 year old beautiful boy with severe ASD & ID, articles about ketogenic diets educate me & give me hope. The Modified Atkins Diet is the ONLY medical therapy that has started to clear the "golden fog" from my son's mind. He can now understand me & respond to simple instructions. The staring & laughing at nothing, the inexplicable vagueness, the sudden crashes in energy levels, the dangerous impulsivity: all largely gone within a fortnight. He has started imitating. He is learning more in early intervention. He can indicate four body parts: double the number of seven weeks ago when the diet started.

Dare I hope he will one day be toilet trained, or even, be able to speak? A ketogenic state is not necessarily right or healthy everyone, such as your poor daughter. But for others - epileptics, possibly people with ADD/ADHD, & my poor son - it can make an enormously positive contribution to their quality of life. >> Reply Tique - 14 Nov 2014 5:18:55pm Diabetic Ketoacidosis is something quite different and is very dangerous and is not normal ketosis which is a response to lowered carbs. Moderator: Recommendations for practitioners or published material is counter to the ABC's editorial policy with regard to advertising and cannot be included. Steve - 14 Nov 2014 5:50:44pm Nadine. It is OK. As a father of a 33 yr old Type 1 diabetes daughter I can appreciate your concerns. Fortunately there is a difference between ketosis which is the body converting fat to ketones to be used as energy, which is a normal process and not harmful to a healthy person.

It is not ketoacidosis which is the body breaking down protein, like muscle, because it can't use either the glucose or ketones in the blood due to too much glucose in the blood. You are not alone in confusing the two, many doctors and dietitians don't know the difference either. I suspect, but don't know because my daughter hasn't tried it, that low carb meals would not be harmful to your daughter. Do some research and don't believe all of what medical professionals tell you without being able to back it up with research evidence. I found that many doctors who treated my daughter in hospitals knew less than I did about Type 1 diabetes. Remember carbs mean blood glucose, fats aren't converted to body fat and insulins job is to remove excess glucose from the blood by converting it into fat in the body's cells. All the best for what can be a stressful time ahead but you and your daughter will manage it. >> Reply DAVID - 14 Nov 2014 8:32:37pm Totally agree Nadine ,my daughter now 17 was diagnosed at age 6 and has been through everything you describe.

Unfortunately people are ignorant of Type 1 Diabetes and until it affects them people don't care which sadly is peoples nature, but for people willing to put themselves through this is crazy. Hopefully we see a cure Nadine very soon ,I wish you and your Daughter all the best. Luke - 14 Nov 2014 11:35:07pm Hi Nadine, I am really sorry to hear about your daughter's condition, however, ketosis is not the same as ketoacidosis. Those that do not have type 1 diabetes can be in ketosis without causing ketoacidocis. As you pointed out, ketoacidocis is caused when there is high blood sugar and ketones, not when there is low blood sugar and ketones. This is confirmed on this page on the Diabetes Australia website. As it states there, ketoacidocis is also rare in type 2 diabetics, but it can happen. In people with normal insulin function, and normal blood glucose levels, having ketones in your blood will not cause ketoacidocis (unless there is some other medical condition). This is the number one issue with nutritional ketosis - which is a symptom of normal blood glucose and high ketones.

People constantly confuse it with ketoacidosis - which is a symptom of high glucose and high ketones In fact in some people with normal insulin function, if the time between their final meal on one day and the first meal the next day (i.e. dinner and breakfast) is over 12-16 hours, they will enter a mild ketosis, as they will have started to burn fats. When people undergo fasting, say for 24 hours, again they can enter ketosis. All of this is normal and perfectly safe. I wish you and your daughter all the best. >> Reply Tamsyn Tabuyo - 15 Nov 2014 12:43:52am Ketosis and ketoacidosis are totally different metabolic states. Ketosis is safe and quite natural for the body as it is a default mechanism when glucose supplies are low, but, as you say, ketoacidosis is extremely dangerous and potentially fatal. Please don't be upset by this article, the author isn't suggesting we live on the edge of a razor in order to look better!

Although it may seem like a fad this type of eating regime has been utilized as a cure for epilepsy for decades (check out the Meryl Streep movie 'First do no harm'. It is proving invaluable in the management of Diabetes type 2, Autism, MS and Alzheimer's. Unfortunately, it isn't as successful in the fight against your daughter's form of the disease. Please have a look at all the wonderful information that is available now online for more in depth details of the science of this form of energy production in the body. I wish you all the best with your daughter and her fight with diabetes, and much love. >> Reply Alejandro - 15 Nov 2014 1:41:45am I'm sorry your daughter has diabetes and it's hard on you but not everything that makes you follow a regiment and makes you lose weight is inherently an evil thing. I've been on keto for two months now and i feel better than I have in a long time. It has noticeably improved my quality of life.

Jackie - 15 Nov 2014 7:29:47am Ketoacidosis, a life threatening condition for your diabetic daughter and Ketosis, a normal metabolic function, are different. >> Reply Mark Symons - 15 Nov 2014 11:22:05am I am a 60 year old with 3 stents in my heart and the ketogenic diet has got me off all the big pharma medicine we have been conned into buying. According to doctors most diseases are incurable and of unknown cause. I call BS on that. I am living proof of of reversal of arteriosclerosis via changing what I eat. It's not just about losing weight its about eating whats best for our health which is deteriorating because of our diet and environment. Let food be your medicine. >> Reply Mich - 15 Nov 2014 4:09:56pm Fear will do more damage .....It's the sugars and trans fats and excessive carbs in the diet that are usually the issue. Good fats can actually help .... As demonstrated by someone addressing their diabetes through the program thru the guidance of Dr Zeeshan Arian.

Good fats have vitamin A that are crucial in the developmental years of children. >> Reply diabetes - 15 Nov 2014 9:45:16pm Nadine I am sorry to hear about what you go through with your daughter. Type 1 is a whole other kettle of fish as you know. When I worked in health promotion we did a lot of damage by putting Aboriginal people with type II diabetes on low fat diets, as was the advice then. The result is they got fatter and sicker. The move away from natural diets two high sugar high carb low fat diets did no-one a favour. there is merit in challenging the establishment as obesity is a crisis issue in every developed nation that lives on processed foods which are mostly high carb. I hope you can see the aim of losing a few kilos is a valid one, given that in some groups of people, asian and aboriginal, they get diabetes type II at a lower BMI than that us white folk. I hope that one day they will find a cure for type I - and I praise you for doing the job you need to do it is hard.

>> Reply Sharon Konrad - 16 Nov 2014 12:35:39am I have used this diet for 10 years and the first year I lost 13.5kgs which got me down to my perfect weight. I do not believe the ABC is recommending it for children or adults with diabetes or any other severe illness any person may have.I did not have a severe reaction on beginning it then or since.I have since developed a condition fibromyalgia but retain this way of eating and the GP has remained happy with my way of eating as she knows it did not give me the condition. The condition runs though my mothers side of the family. I commenced some medication which has made me gain weight, too much but the pharmacist asked did I want the chronic severe pain over being really thin again. So I eat vegetables, a little fruit, recommended ones meat, fish, chicken, eggs. It was a slow weigh loss over a year and once I attained my weight and did not want to become gaunt and skinny. I did not try the quite severe method of the Dr. Atkins book but one written by the Dr Eadie and his wife. A little more gentle maybe.

No one else in the family used this diet but still have my condition so the diet did not start it off. One should talk it over with their GP first and have the necessary tests yearly or earlier if they feel something is wrong with them. Please do not be offended at the ABC. It has had much research over the years. It is definitely not suitable for children unless under a Doctor's orders. I am a retired Registered Clinical Nurse who was a Midwife then went to community and child health and would never tell them I was using this eating plan. My desire is for all children to be well and healthy and I understand the pain of parents having a child with a serious condition. I came across too many children with lifelong and threatening conditions. My children were born healthy and had severe asthma when they were young and I was continually stressed even with a nursing background watching them constanttly ill as children and fortunately they have grown out of the worst of it. However it still strikes at them at times but now have learned to monitor themselves however i found my adult daughter having a terrible attack recently. Do not have anything to do with giving your child any diets except the one given to you by your Doctor. You are a wonderful mother doing the right thing for your child.

However my saying this does not make any of your anguish for your daughter and her experiencing her illness. Just keep being the wonderful mother you are and do not let anything on the show upset you. It is a very good show but it is not medical advice for any one individual as each person and especially children are unique and different. JA - 16 Nov 2014 1:52:13am Nadine, There is a world of difference between diabetic ketoacidosis which arises from a shortage of insulin and blood ketones from high blood sugar in diabetics and ketosis which is simply the body burning fat instead of carbs as there is low blood sugar due to an absence of carbs in the diet! You are confusing two different words that both start with the word keto but mean totally different things. I suggest you do some more research on this topic as this diet is saving many lives including obese people who need to lose weight, those with poorly managed diabetes, especially type II and the ketogenic diet also helps those with epilepsy. But don't take my word - do some research or see a medial professional.

perplexed - 16 Nov 2014 9:52:25am >> Reply tiff - 16 Nov 2014 2:25:44pm ketosis is different to ketoacidosis. HFLC eating is also about healthy eating, feeling good, having more energy and not feeling hungry- ever. Your daughter could benefit from a high fat low carb diet- it may help to regulate her sugar levels as she wouldn't have so many spikes to respond to with man made insulin. There is quite a bit of research now about HFLC for type 1 diabetes and it is showing really good results for people with type 2 diabetes. Professor Katherine Samaras is a senior staff specialist in endocrinology and metabolism at St Vincent's Hospital in Sydney and a senior researcher in obesity and diabetes at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research. Look her up on google and do a bit of reading about the science and results of the diet before you condemn. I can't imagine how stressful it is to have a kid with diabetes, take care of each other.

John Caruso - 16 Nov 2014 4:45:42pm You are confusing diabetic ketoacidosis with nutritional ketosis. >> Reply Kivin - 16 Nov 2014 9:08:31pm I am sorry that you have such an unfortunate situation with your daughter however you like many individuals including a lot of doctors have missed an important distinction. The ketogenic diet aims for a state of ketosis as distinct from ketoacidosis which as you state is incredibly dangerous in type 1 diabetics. I point out the distinction below as ketogenic diets and ketoadaptation are promising areas for healthy weightloss including in the obese and are difficult to promote as practitioners and laypeople alike get the 2 terms confused. Fat loss is necessary for health in some people so this is a highly effective fat loss specific method that has also been used in the control of other medical conditions such as epilepsy. Many areas of medicine and diet are currently being explored as we are finally reacquainting ourselves with the fact that food and function are related.

However as you rightly state what is right for one person maybe harmful to another based on their health The below is From Ketosis - is a state the body goes into if it needs to break down body fat for energy. The state is marked by raised levels of ketones in the blood which can be used by the body as fuel. Diabetic ketoacidosis - also known as DKA, only describes the state in which the level of ketones is either high or very high. In ketoacidosis, the amount of ketones in the blood is sufficient to turn the blood acidic, which is a dangerous medical state >> Reply Ajax - 16 Nov 2014 9:10:10pm Therein lies the fundamental misunderstanding of ketosis. Speak with the Endocrinologist, and you will find that ketone in diabetes (or when someone is consuming carbs) presents as a bad sign of diabetic control, whereas ketosis when consuming no carbs is merely a sign you are consuming no carbs.

>> Reply John - 17 Nov 2014 12:05:48am Hi Nadine, as a fellow parent with a type 1 diabetic son (diagnosed at age 4, now 24) I sympathise and appreciate your position. However I must say that I think you are missing the point here. I don't think this is a fad diet - if I understand rightly it is an eating plan proposed for people that can have great health benefits including reversing the threat of type 2 diabetes. One thing it addresses is the terrible effects of eating too much sugar and processed carbohydrates, particularly in those that do not handle it well. It promotes a reduction in carbohydrates replaced by increases in healthy whole foods, veggies, proteins and yes also fats. For you and I, life is mainly about managing carbs plus insulin in our kids, We see the extremes and 'out of control' results of hypos and hypers including ketones in our kids not to mention long term effects. I would be the first to say that I would not recommend this diet to my son, but it may be of benefit to him in a modified form in the long run by reducing some carbohydrates that he eats.

I have been concerned that he eats too much processed and unhealthy carbs like chips. I would however never look at this diet for him unless I tested benefits for myself, saw proven effects and then obtained correct medical advice on how to apply this to him and if it was going to be of any benefit. >> Reply sarah Johnston - 17 Nov 2014 3:52:42am There is quite a big difference between the ketosis from a ketogenic diet and the severe and dangerous ketoacidosis of diabetes. Here is a good link that describes the difference. My prayers are with you and your daughter. >> Reply Moderator: Hi there, Unfortunately due to ABC guidelines regarding advertising, we cannot publish links to external websites where products are advertised. However, a search on your favourite search engine for ketogenic + diet + resource, may be of interest to those seeking further information on this question. Thanks for watching. Mirrorgirl - 18 Nov 2014 12:09:54am There is a difference between Ketosis and Ketoacidosis. I am not sure about what advice is best for T1 Diabetes, but for T2 this is the best approach.

Plus the health benefits of LCHF are far more than 'losing a few kilos'. I am so sorry that you and your daughter face such horrible challenges, but T1 and T2 are vastly different. >> Reply Jenny - 18 Nov 2014 10:35:29pm My doc put me on a program like this to prevent Type 2 Diabetes, ketosis is not the same as ketoacidosis. I have resolved multiple health issues and stayed off medication by eating this way! It is not about weight loss for me at all! >> Reply John L - 19 Nov 2014 1:33:14am A touching story and excellent commentary. This type of diet is for special situations, usually short term and should be professionally monitored, especially the aims and objectives of person doing this diet. What is trying to be achieved here? Short term weight loss for body image reasons or genuine effort towards long term health? I am sorry for your difficult personal situation that must be very hard. I agree with your sentiments towards these reporters and their "one size fits all" style of reporting on the serious matter of health. Thanks for bringing some perspective.

jl >> Reply Aussie Sutra - 19 Nov 2014 5:39:58pm Nadine, I'm so sorry to hear of the struggle you have with your daughter's Type 1 diabetes. "Ketoacidosis" can only occur for a Type 1 diabetic, and is quite different than "ketosis", although I've even seen doctors mix the two up. With ketoacidosis there has to also be glucose in the bloodstream at the same time as incredibly high blood levels as ketones. It is having BOTH of these things congruently that is particularly dangerous for the Type 1 diabetic. The non-diabetic, or Type 2 diabetic could never have both high ketones AND high glucose in the blood at the same time, since the ketones require an absence of glucose, and thus insulin stimulation, in order to occur in the first place. Ketones for non-Type 1 diabetics are a natural energy form and are very healthy to have. >> Reply Janice - 12 Mar 2015 12:52:11pm While I am empathetic to your daughter's condition, the ketoacidosis Type1 diabetics experience is vastly different.

It sounds the same but is not FYI

Question: The condition Ketosis would result from an inadequacy of what in the diet?
Answer: Carbohydrates