Your Recommendations | Modern Money Your Recommendations Your Recommendations Your Recommendations Our announcement last June sparked a robust national discussion. We have heard about countless great American women who have contributed to our history, and are making many of those names available below. Last Name 1755 1831 Hannah Adams was an early-American author. Self-educated, she specialized in comparative religion and New England history and earned an international reputation as a writer. She is considered the first female professional author in the United States. Bridgman 1829 1889 Laura Bridgman was the first deaf and blind person to learn a language. Living at the Perkins School for the Blind, she studied a full curriculum of subjects. Burn 1873 1945 Febb Burn was the mother of Harry Thomas Burn, a member of the Tennessee General Assembly during the state's vote to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment. She is credited with changing his vote on the measure. Burn voted for the amendment, breaking a tie vote. Cather 1873 1947 Willa Cather was a novelist who wrote stories set in the Great Plains that explored the lives of nineteenth century settlers.

In 1923, she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. de Baca 1894 1991 Fabiola Cabeza de Baca was an educator and author. Starting as a school teacher, she went on to study home economics, becoming an Extension Agent for New Mexico. She was also involved in the early Hispanic civil rights movement and wrote novels that captured early life in New Mexico. Fern 1811 1872 Fanny Fern, born Sara Willis, was a newspaper writer and novelist. She was the first woman to have a recurring newspaper column, which often dealt with women's issues. Fitzgerald 1900 1948 Zelda Fitzgerald was an novelist, and the wife of author F. Scott Fitzgerald. A socialite in the 1920s, she was the typical Flapper and a symbol of the Jazz Age. Graham 1894 1991 Martha Graham was a dancer and choreographer. With an award-winning career spanning decades, she reshaped the art of dance in the twentieth century, creating the Graham technique of dance that stressed drama and expression.

Lange 1895 1965 Dorothea Lange was perhaps America's greatest documentary photographer. Her work chronicled the lives of the unemployed and rural poor during the 1930s. Through her work, she shifted the nation's attention on the human cost of the Great Depression. Lewis 1844 1907 Edmonia Lewis was a sculptor who incorporated Native American and African American themes into the Neoclassical style. She achieved international recognition and is considered the first woman of African American and Native American heritage to do so as a sculptor. Martinez 1912 2006 Esther Martinez was a linguist, storyteller, and author mostly known for preserving the language of the Tewa people of New Mexico. In 2006, a Congressional Act was passed, bearing her name, to preserve Native American languages. O'Connor 1925 1964 Flannery O'Connor was a writer who specialized in the short story form. Her writing stressed themes of southern life and the individual's relationship with God.

Parker 1893 1967 Dorothy Parker was an author known for her magazine articles and book reviews that contained her sharp wit. Also a poet and screenwriter, Parker rose to fame in the 1920s through her work on "The New Yorker" and the Algonquin Round Table. Picotte 1865 1915 Susan La Flesche Picotte is considered to be the first Native American woman physician in the U.S. She worked on the Omaha Reservation, promoting temperance and establishing a hospital. She further served as an advocate for the Omaha with the Government. Porter 1890 1980 Katherine Anne Porter was a Pulitzer prize-winning author well-known for her short stories and her novel, "Ship of Fools." Schoolcraft 1800 1842 Jane Johnston Schoolcraft is considered the first Native American writer and poet, leaving a lasting impression on Native American literature. Sexton 1928 1974 Anne Sexton was poet, known for writing about intensely personal issues. She won the Pulitzer Prize and numerous other awards for her poetry.

Stein 1874 1946 Gertrude Stein was a novelist, poet, and playwright. She later moved to Paris and opened an art and literary salon for many young writers and artists of the burgeoning modern art movement. Welty 1909 2001 Eudora Welty was an author, writing both novels and short stories. Her novel "The Optimist's Daughter" won the Pulitzer Prize and Welty was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Whipple 1760 1846 Dinah Whipple was an educator who opened the first school for African American children in New Hampshire. Raised in slavery, she was freed at age 21 and married Prince Whipple, an African American Revolutionary War veteran and anti-slavery advocate. Wilson 1825 1900 Harriet Wilson was considered the first African American novelist. Her novel, based on her experiences as an indentured servant and freedwoman in New England, was published in 1859.

Abzug 1920 1998 Bella Abzug was an activist, a leader in the Women's Movement and a member of the House of Representatives in the early 1970s. Adams 1744 1818 Abigail Adams was the wife of President John Adams and the mother of President John Quincy Adams. She was her husband's unofficial political advisor, directing John Adams to "remember the ladies" while he was helping to form the new colonial government. Adams 1775 1852 Louisa Adams was wife of John Quincy Adams and First Lady of the United States. After leaving the White House, she became an author and supporter of abolition and women's suffrage. Addams 1860 1935 Jane Addams was a social reformer and a founder of the American settlement house movement. Founder of Hull House in Chicago and the occupation of social worker in the US, she was the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Alcott 1832 1888 Louisa May Alcott was a nineteenth-century novelist best known for her work, "Little Women," published in 1868.

She also supported the abolition and women's rights movements. Alden 1602 1680 Priscilla Alden was a Pilgrim colonist and wife of John Alden. Their marriage, one of the first in the Massachusetts's Plymouth Colony, was immortalized in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem, "The Courtship of Miles Standish." Alston 1783 1813 Theodosia Burr Alston was the daughter of U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr and wife of South Carolina Governor Joseph Alston. Andersen 1932 2013 Marjorie Ann "Marge" Anderson was the first woman to lead the Native American tribe Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe. She led a successful fight for her people's treaty rights, winning a Supreme Court decision, and served in the tribal government for over 30 years. Anderson 1897 1993 Marian Anderson was a famous contralto singer. She helped set the stage for the civil rights movement with her 1939 performance at the Lincoln Memorial. Anderson also served at the United Nations and won the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Angelou 1928 2014 Maya Angelou was a poet and award-winning author as well as an actor, lecturer, and civil rights activist. She is known for her autobiography, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings." Anthony 1820 1906 Susan B. Anthony was a reformer, initially supporting the causes of abolition and temperance. After meeting Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Anthony formed a lifelong partnership with her and led the fight for female suffrage for most of the late 1800s. Apgar 1909 1974 Virginia Apgar was a physician specializing in obstetrical anesthesia. She was the first woman named a full professor at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. She is widely known as the creator of the Apgar Score that evaluates the health of newborns. Ayres 1880 1917 Edith Ayres and Helen Wood were the first female U.S. military casualties of World War I. While on board a troopship to France, the two nurses were killed by shrapnel from an accidental explosion, during anti-submarine target practice by the ship's guns.

Bacall 1924 2014 Lauren Bacall was a model and theater and film actress. In movies, she helped establish the genre of film noir, especially through the films in which she co-starred with Humphrey Bogart. Baker 1903 1986 Ella Baker was a civil rights activist who focused on grassroots organizing as a way to gain civil rights. Organizer of the Young Negroes Cooperative League in New York, she also worked with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Baker 1873 1945 Sara Josephine Baker was a physician who pioneered the field of public health, becoming the first director of the newly created New York City Bureau of Child Hygiene. She focused on improving health in the immigrant community. Balch 1867 1961 Emily Greene Balch was a leader in the international peace movement as well as a social worker and trade union supporter. A lifelong pacifist, she led the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. In 1946, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Ball 1911 1989 Lucille Ball was an actress known for the television comedy "I Love Lucy" that aired in the 1950s. She later established Desilu studios with her husband Desi Arnaz, making her the first woman to run such an enterprise. Bari 1949 1997 Judi Bari was an environmentalist who led the campaign against the logging of old-growth redwood forests in Northern California. She was also a labor leader and feminist. Barton 1821 1912 Clara Barton was a leading nurse during the Civil War who was known as "the angel of the battlefield." After the war, she served with the International Red Cross in Europe. Returning to the US, she founded the American Red Cross Society in 1881. Bascom 1862 1945 Florence Bascom was a leading geologist. She was the first woman awarded a Ph.D. by Johns Hopkins University and the first woman hired by the United States Geological Survey. Bates 1914 1999 Daisy Bates was a publisher and civil rights activist.

With her husband, she published the "Arkansas State Press" in Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1957, she aided nine African American students in desegregating Little Rock's Central High School. Bates 1859 1929 Katharine Lee Bates was a poet and the head of the English Department at Wellesley College. Her most famous poem provided the words for the song "America the Beautiful." Bethune 1875 1955 Mary McLeod Bethune was an American educator and civil rights activist known for starting a private school for African-American students in Daytona Beach, Florida. She also led the National Association of Colored Women and established the National Council of Negro Women. Bethune served as an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Bickerdyke 1817 1901 Mary Ann Bickerdyke was a Civil War nurse and advocate for veterans of the war. During the war, she established 300 military hospitals and tended to the wounded. After the war, she fought for veterans' rights. Blackwell 1821 1910 Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to earn the M.D.

degree in the United States. She went on to help form the New York Infirmary for Women and Children to aid not only female patients but also to provide training to female physicians. Bly 1864 1922 Nellie Bly was the pen name of journalist Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman, a pioneer in investigative, undercover, and participatory journalism. She investigated sweatshops and mental institutions. Also, with sponsorship by the "New York World," she traveled around the world in 72 days. Boom 1892 1983 Cornelia "Corrie" ten Boom and her family worked to save Jews during the Holocaust. Living in the Netherlands, the Christian family helped save nearly 800 people. She eventually became an author, moving to the US. Bourke-White 1904 1971 Margaret Bourke-White was a pioneering photographer. She was the first woman war correspondent, operating in dangerous World War II combat areas. She was also one of the founding photojournalists of "Life" magazine.

Bradley 1907 2002 Ruby Bradley was an Army nurse, serving in World War II and Korea, earning 34 medals and citations for bravery. During her time as a Japanese prisoner of war in the Philippines, she aided other prisoners, becoming known as an "Angel in Fatigues." Bradstreet 1612 1672 Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan colonist and an American poet. Working in the Elizabethan literary tradition, she was the first woman writer to have a book published in the American colonies. Brent 1601 1671 Margaret Brent was the first woman lawyer in America, representing the leaders of colonial Maryland. An excellent litigator, she used English law to assert her rights as an unmarried woman to property. She unsuccessfully petitioned the Maryland Assembly for the right to vote. Broadwick 1893 1978 Georgia "Tiny" Broadwick was an early parachutist. She was the first woman to parachute from an airplane and the first to parachute into water. She is also considered the first person to jump freefall.

Brown 1922 2012 Helen Gurley Brown was an author and magazine editor, advocating women's sexual freedom. Her 1962 book, "Sex and the Single Girl," was a bestseller. Later, she became the editor of "Cosmopolitan," which celebrated the modern career woman. Buck 1892 1973 Pearl S. Buck wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, "The Good Earth," published in 1931. It also won the Nobel Prize for Literature, the first time the prize was given to an American woman. She later founded humanitarian organizations to aid Asian and Asian American children. Burgin unkwn unkwn Elizabeth Burgin aided American prisoners-of-war during the Revolutionary War. Besides providing relief supplies to prisoners held on prison ships in New York Harbor, she aided in a mass escape in 1778. She was later awarded a pension for her services to the country. Burns 1879 1966 Lucy Burns was a leading suffragist. While studying in Europe, she became part of the British suffragette movement, participating in its radical methods.

Returning to the U.S., she joined Alice Paul in founding the National Woman's Party. Cabrini 1850 1917 Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini was a nun. In Italy, she founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart to care for poor children. She then emigrated to America to work among Italian immigrants and later became the first naturalized citizen of the United States to be canonized. Caldwell 1924 2006 Sarah Caldwell was an opera conductor. She was the founding director of the Opera Company of Boston and the first woman to conduct at the Metropolitan Opera. She was also one of the first women to conduct the New York Philharmonic. Cannon 1863 1941 Annie Jump Cannon was a pioneering astronomer. She discovered over 300 stars and helped develop the standard scheme for classifying stars by their temperature. Among her many firsts was being the first woman elected an officer of the American Astronomical Society. Cannon 1857 1932 Martha Hughes Cannon was one of the country's first female physicians and the first female state senator in the United States, serving the State of Utah.

While in the Utah Senate, she established the state board of health. Caraway 1878 1950 Hattie Wyatt Caraway was the first woman elected to serve a full term as a United States Senator. She was also the first woman to preside over the Senate and to chair a Senate committee. Carson 1907 1964 Rachel Carson was a marine biologist known for her book, "Silent Spring," that pointed out the dangers of fertilizers and pesticides to the environment. Her work led to the environmental movement and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency. Cash 1929 2003 June Carter Cash was a singer and songwriter. Part of the Carter Family, she helped transform the country music genre, becoming a famous singer and an influential songwriter. She later married Country Music star Johnny Cash, starting a second singing career. Cassatt 1844 1926 Mary Cassatt was a leading painter of the late nineteenth-century Impressionist movement. Living much of her life in France, she concentrated on producing images of women in their domestic and maternal roles.

Catt 1859 1947 Carrie Chapman Catt was a leading suffragist. Leading the National American Woman Suffrage Association, she was instrumental in winning passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. She later founded the League of Women Voters and continued the fight for women's suffrage around the world. Chadwick 1918 1995 Florence Chadwick was a record-setting long-distance swimmer. She set new records for swimming the English Channel and did so in both directions. She was the first woman to swim the Catalina Channel, the Bosporus, the Dardanelles, and the Straits of Gibraltar. Child 1802 1880 Lydia Maria Child was a popular novelist in the early nineteenth century. Her works reflected her support for abolition as well as rights for women and Native Americans. She is known for her poem "Over the River and through the Woods." Childress 1912 1994 Alice Childress was an actress, playwright, and author. An actor with the American Negro Theatre, she later became one of the first African American women to write and produce plays. Her written works deal with the problems and pressures facing urban African Americans.

Chisolm 1924 2005 Shirley Chisholm was the first African American woman to be a U.S. Representative and to run as a major-party candidate for President of the United States. While in Congress, she worked to aid inner-city children and championed education. Clark 1898 1995 Georgia Neese Clark (Gray) was the first woman Treasurer of the United States. She had previously been president of the Richland State Bank in Kansas. Cleveland 1864 1947 Frances Folsom Cleveland was the wife of President Grover Cleveland. Married in the White House, she became the youngest First Lady at age 21. She proved a media sensation, winning over America with her charm and flair for fashion. Cline 1932 1963 Patsy Cline was a singer who excelled in the country music and popular music genres. In Country Music, she helped develop a new sound in the 1960s, utilizing strings and smooth vocals, that was able to transcend the genre into popular music.

Coachman 1923 2014 Alice Coachman was the first African American woman to win an Olympic gold medal. In 1948, she won the medal in the high jump. She later became a teacher and formed an organization to help young athletes. Cochran 1906 1980 Jacqueline Cochran was a record-breaking racing pilot who established the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) program in World War II. She was also the first woman to fly a bomber across the Atlantic (1941) and to break the sound barrier (1953). Cogswell 1805 1830 Alice Cogswell was a deaf child who spurred the creation of the American School for the Deaf. was the inspiration to Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet for the creation of the now American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. Colden 1724 1766 Jane Colden is considered the first female botanist in America. Using the Linnaean system of plant identification, she described and illustrated over 300 New York plant species.

Coleman 1892 1926 Bessie Coleman was a pioneer of women's aviation. She was the first African American woman to earn a pilot's license, and she made a living through stunt flying. Conley 1869 1946 Eliza Burton Conley was a Native American of the Wyandotte Nation in Kansas and a lawyer. She was also the first woman admitted to the Kansas State Bar and the first Native American Woman to argue a case before the Supreme Court. Cooper unkwn unkwn Polly Cooper was part of a group of the Native American tribe Oneidas that carried corn from New York to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, to supply the Continental Army headquartered there. Cooper taught the troops how to prepare the corn and nursed those who were sick. Corbin 1751 1800 Margaret Corbin fought in the Revolutionary War battle of Manhattan Island. Following her husband into battle, she took over firing his cannon when he was killed, being seriously wounded in the process. She was the first woman to receive a military pension. Cori 1896 1957 Gerty Cori was a biochemist who helped discover the cycle of carbohydrate metabolism.

She became the first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in Science and the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Coyle 1892 1962 Grace Coyle was a sociologist specializing in group dynamics and the therapeutic benefits of a group experience. She pioneered the use of group work by social workers and advocated its integration with case work. Croly 1829 1901 Jane Cunningham Croly was a journalist, author, and women's club founder. The first female syndicated columnist, she later became the first female professor of journalism. She also founded the Sorosis club that later expanded into the General Federation of Women's Clubs. Crumpler 1831 1895 Rebecca Crumpler was the first African American woman to become a physician. After serving as a nurse a number of years, she was admitted to the New England Female Medical College and received her MD in 1864. Daly 1921 2003 Marie Maynard Daly was a biochemist. She was the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in chemistry. Her research was focused on the effects of diet and smoking on the body.

Dawson 1894 1962 Mary Caldwell Dawson was a voice coach and piano instructor that founded the National Negro Opera Company in Pittsburgh. For over 20 years, she produced performances in major US cities. She was also president of the National Organization of Negro Musicians. Day 1897 1980 Dorothy Day was a journalist and social activist. Through her actions and her writing, including in "The Catholic Worker," she fought for the rights of women and the poor. She is held in high esteem by the Catholic Church. DeLille 1813 1862 Henriette DeLille was a New Orleans socialite who became a nun. She devoted herself to the care of slaves, the poor, and orphans. She founded the Sisters of the Holy Family, whose members were free women of color. Dewson 1874 1962 Mary "Molly" Dewson was a social reformer and women's rights activist. She worked for better working conditions for women and children and led the Massachusetts Suffrage Association. Later, she became director of the Women's Division of the Democratic Party and an ally to the Franklin Roosevelt administration.

Dickinson 1830 1886 Emily Dickinson was an influential poet of the late nineteenth century. Her work was unconventional in form and path-breaking in influence. Published posthumously, her work was influential in the development of American poetry. Dietrich 1901 1992 Marlene Dietrich was a German-born actress known for her work in film, playing strong, independent women living on the bounds of acceptable society. On the outbreak of World War II, she became a US citizen and became active in the war effort, supporting U.S. troops and European refugees. Dix 1802 1887 Dorothea Dix was a champion of the mentally ill and a leading Civil War nurse. She created the first mental asylums through extensive lobbying of state governments and the U.S. Congress. During the Civil War, she was named Superintendent of Army Nurses. Doyle 1924 2010 Geraldine Hoff Doyle is thought to be the model for the "We Can Do It!" poster of World War II. The poster, showing a working woman flexing her biceps, became a feminist symbol in the 1980s.

Drexel 1858 1955 Katharine Drexel was born into wealth but became a nun. She eventually founded the order of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, which was devoted to improving the lives of Native Americans and African Americans. She was canonized in 2000. Dumont 1882 1962 Margaret Dumont was an actress trained in opera and stage acting and well known for her roles in Marx Brothers' films. Dyer 1611 1660 Mary Barrett Dyer was a Puritan who became a Quaker. She was executed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony for refusing to obey a law banning Quakers from the colony. Her execution prompted King Charles to impose religious toleration in the colony. Earhart 1897 1937 Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean and the first person to fly over both the Atlantic and Pacific. She was also a women's rights activist. Earhart disappeared over the Pacific while attempting to fly around the world. Early 1918 2002 Charity Adams Earley was a soldier in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps during World War II.

She was the first African American woman to hold an officer's rank, commanding the first African American WAAC unit, the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion. Eddy 1821 1910 Mary Baker Eddy was the founder of Christian Science, a religious denomination that promotes healing through spiritual faith without the use of medications. She also began the printing of the "Christian Science Monitor," an award-winning international newspaper. Egan 1877 1925 Eleanor Franklin Egan was a journalist known for her reporting on Europe and the Middle East in the early twentieth century. Working for "Leslie's Weekly", she covered the Russo-Japanese War, the Russian Revolution, and British operations in the Middle East during World War I. Eisenhower 1896 1979 Mamie Eisenhower was wife of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. As First Lady of the United States from 1953 to 1961, she was seen as a gracious hostess and a model of post-war American womanhood.

Etter 1844 1924 Maria Woodworth Etter was an evangelist that helped develop the Pentecostal movement and was widely known for her dynamic ministry style that emphasized conversions and healings. Fitzerald 1917 1996 Ella Fitzgerald was a jazz singer and the first African American woman to win a Grammy Award. Known as the "First Lady of Song," she made lasting interpretations of the jazz standards and the Great American Songbook. Follett 1868 1933 Mary Parker Follet was a leader in management theory. Developing pioneering ideas like participative decision-making, she expanded the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Ford 1918 2011 Betty Ford was the wife of President Gerald Ford and First Lady of the Unites States. She was known for her candid discussion of women's issues, including breast cancer, abortion, and equal rights. She also spoke of her fight with addiction and later established the Betty Ford Center for substance abuse. Friedan 1921 2006 Betty Friedan was a writer and feminist.

She is often credited with beginning the second wave of American feminism with her book "The Feminine Mystique." Friedan also helped found the National Organization for Women, serving as its first president. Fuller 1810 1850 Margaret Fuller was an author and literary critic who furthered American literature by encouraging writers and interpreting modern European literature. Her best known work is "Woman in the Nineteenth Century" that puts forward feminist arguments. Gage 1826 1898 Matilda Joslyn Gage was a suffragist who also fought for abolition, Native American rights, and secular government. She was a founding member of the National Woman Suffrage Association and creator of the Women's National Liberal Union. Goeppert-Mayer 1906 1972 Maria Goeppert-Mayer was a theoretical physicist known for her work on the structure of the atomic nucleus. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics and only the second woman to be a Nobel Prize winner. Goldman 1869 1940 Emma Goldman was a political activist and advocate of anarchism.

Through speeches and writing, she supported draft resistance, the availability of birth control, and workers' rights. Grable 1916 1973 Betty Grable was a dancer and film actress. She was a star of Hollywood musicals during the 1940s. During World War II, she was famous for her work for the war effort. Graham 1917 2001 Katharine Graham led "The Washington Post" for decades, including the period of its famous investigation of the Watergate scandal. Her autobiography, "Personal History," won the Pulitzer Prize. Graham 1920 2007 Ruth Graham was the wife of evangelist Billy Graham. Her own work as an evangelist was done primarily as an author of books and poetry. She and her husband were jointly awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1996. Grasso 1919 1981 Ella Grasso was Governor of Connecticut. After service in the US House of Representatives, she was the first woman to become Governor of Connecticut and the first woman elected to be a governor of a state in her own right.

Green 1834 1916 Hetty Green was a financier who built a fortune through stock and land investing. She became known as the richest woman in America and opened the way for women in the financial industry. Grimke 1792 1879 Sarah Grimke and Angelina Grimke were abolitionists. They broke social convention by speaking in public to mixed gender audiences. In their writings, they soon connected the fight for abolition with that for women's rights. Hale 1788 1879 Sarah Josepha Hale was an author and editor. She was one of America's first female novelists and one of the earliest writers on slavery. She wrote the classic poem "Mary Had a Little Lamb" and edited a popular woman's magazine. Hamer 1917 1977 Fannie Lou Hamer was a civil rights activist who focused on enabling African Americans to vote. She helped organize the 1964 Freedom Summer voter registration drive in Mississippi and co-founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party to challenge the segregated politics of that state. Hamilton 1757 1854 Elizabeth Hamilton was the wife of Alexander Hamilton and a philanthropist.

She provided political advice to her husband and defended his reputation after his death. She also helped found and lead the New York Orphan Asylum Society. After moving to Washington, D.C., she founded an orphanage there. Hamilton 1902 1985 Margaret Hamilton was a schoolteacher who turned to acting. She is well known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the film, "The Wizard of Oz." She was also involved in education and promoted animal rights. Harris 1924 1985 Patricia Roberts Harris was the first African American woman to hold a Cabinet post, that of Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. She was also the first African American woman to serve as a U.S. ambassador, being posted to Luxembourg. Hearst 1842 1919 Phoebe Apperson Hearst was a philanthropist and mother of William Randolph Hearst. Interested in education, she helped fund the development of the University of California at Berkeley and founded the first free kindergarten. She also founded the forerunner of the National Parent Teacher Association. Hepburn 1907 2003 Katharine Hepburn was a stage and film actress.

She soared to fame in the 1940s with characters that portrayed the modern woman. An actress with a broad range, she appeared in films for over 60 years, earning a record 4 Academy Awards for Best Actress. Hobby 1905 1995 Oveta Culp Hobby was a journalist who became the first commanding officer of the Women's Army Corps during World War II. She later was appointed as the first Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Holiday 1915 1959 Billie Holiday was a unique and important jazz singer, being nicknamed "Lady Day." Her vocal experimentation had a lasting impact on jazz and pop singing. Hopper 1906 1992 Grace Hopper was a pioneering computer scientist and a US Navy Rear Admiral. Besides being an early programmer, she is considered the original "debugger" for removing a moth from a computer. She also invented the programming language compiler. Howe 1819 1910 Julia Ward Howe was an abolitionist and suffragist.

She was an anti-slavery author who became famous for writing the words to the "Battle Hymn of the Republic." As a suffragist, she helped found numerous organizations, including the American Woman Suffrage Association. Hurston 1891 1960 Zora Neale Hurston was an author and part of the Harlem Renaissance. After working as a historian and folklorist, she turned to writing novels with characters located in the rural South. Her best known novel, published in 1937, is "Their Eyes Were Watching God." Hutchinson 1591 1643 Anne Hutchinson was a religious leader in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. She led a revolt against the teachings of the Puritan leaders known as the Antinomian controversy. Banished from the colony, she moved on to help found Rhode Island. Jackson 1911 1972 Mahalia Jackson, known as "The Queen of Gospel," was a gospel singer and civil rights activist. Internationally famous, she used her singing to support the civil rights movement, including singing at the March on Washington led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Johnson 1912 2007 Claudia Taylor "Lady Bird" Johnson was the wife of President Lyndon B. Johnson and First Lady of the United States. She was her husband's political aide and campaign manager, helping him reach the Presidency and implement his policies. Her love and use of flowers led to the passage of the Highway Beautification Act. Johnson-Brown 1927 2011 Hazel Johnson-Brown was an Army nurse who became the first African American woman to be promoted to the rank of general and to be chief of the Army Nurse Corps. She held a doctorate in education and held numerous military decorations. Johnson Marsha "Pay it no mind" Johnson was a transgender artist and civil rights activist Jones 1837 1930 Mary Harris Jones, also known as "Mother Jones," was a union activist and organizer. Originally supporting mine workers, she also helped unions and strikers across the country. Jones also helped found the Social Democratic Party and the Industrial Workers of the World. Jordan 1936 1996 Barbara Jordan was a Congresswoman and civil rights leader. After serving in the Texas legislature, she became the first Southern African American woman elected to the U.S.

Congress. She became well known for her role in the impeachment of President Richard Nixon. Keller 1880 1968 Helen Keller, despite being blind and deaf, was an author and lecturer, supporting women's and labor rights. She was the first blind and deaf person to earn a college degree, and she helped found the American Civil Liberties Union. Kelley 1859 1932 Florence Kelley was a social reformer. For many years leading the National Consumers' League, she worked to end child labor and to protect women workers as well as to institute a minimum wage and an 8-hour workday. Kelly 1929 1982 Grace Kelly was an Academy Award-winning actress. She started acting for the theater and transitioned to film, becoming a leading lady and winning the best actress Oscar. At age 26, she married Prince Rainier III of Monaco, becoming a princess and a philanthropist. Kendrick 1890 1980 Pearl Kendrick with her partner Grace Eldering developed the vaccine for pertussis or whooping cough. They also developed the standard, single-dose vaccine for Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus.

Kennedy Onassis 1929 1994 Jacqueline Kennedy was the wife of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady of the United States. She was known for the grace and youth she brought to the White House. After her husband's assassination, she married shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis. Eventually, she had a career in publishing as an editor. Kepley 1847 1925 Ada Kepley was the first woman to graduate from law school. Rarely practicing law, she became a leader in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She was also ordained as a Unitarian minister. Kierstede 1626 1693 Sara Roelofs Kierstede was a settler in colonial New Amsterdam. Fluent in Dutch, English, and Native American languages, she is reported to have acted as interpreter in the negotiations when Peter Stuyvesant purchased New York. King 1927 2006 Coretta Scott King, wife of Martin Luther King Jr., was a leader in the civil rights movement. She worked to secure equality for minorities and women, founding the Center for Nonviolent Social Change.

Kirkaldy 1917 2007 Irene Morgan Kirkaldy was an African American civil rights pioneer. In 1944, she was arrested for not giving up her seat on an interstate bus in Virginia. The Supreme Court overturned her conviction, serving as a precedent to later challenges to segregation. Lacks 1920 1951 Henrietta Lacks was an African American woman who was the source of an enduring line of human cells used in medical research. Known as the HeLa cell line, the cells were used to develop the polio vaccine and were the first human cells successfully cloned. Lamarr 1914 2000 Hedy Lamarr was an actress and inventor. She became a leading film actress in the 1940s. As a hobby, she was an inventor and received a patent for a radio-controlled torpedo, which used a new frequency hopping system that has become the basis of wireless technology. Lange 1784 1882 Elizabeth Clovis Lange founded the Oblate Sisters of Providence, the first African American Roman Catholic order in the United States. It was dedicated to the education of African American girls.

Lazarus 1849 1887 Emma Lazarus was a poet recognized in America and Europe for her work on the story of the Jewish people. Her most famous work is "The New Colossus," which appears on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. Leavitt 1868 1921 Henrietta Swan Leavitt was a pioneering astronomer. She invented a way to determine the absolute magnitudes of stars, which allowed astronomers to calculate their distance from Earth. This, in turn, allowed for calculations of the expansion and age of the universe. Lili'uokalani 1838 1917 Lili'uokalani was Hawaii's first queen and the last head of the Hawaiian monarchy. She abdicated under pressure from United States' interests, and the islands were annexed in 1898. Linton 1853 1915 Laura Alberta Linton was a chemist who discovered the gem stone Lintonite. She later studied medicine, becoming a physician who pioneered the use of occupational therapy among mental patients. Livermore 1820 1905 Mary Livermore was a journalist and activist.

She helped form the American Woman Suffrage Association and the Women's Christian Temperance Union. All the while, she wrote for and edited various newspapers and journals and became a famous lecturer. Lockwood 1830 1917 Belva Lockwood was the first female attorney to gain the right to argue before the Supreme Court. She also founded the National Equal Rights Party and was twice its candidate for president, becoming the first woman to appear on a Presidential ballot. Low 1860 1927 Juliette Gordon Low became acquainted with the Girl Guide movement while she lived in England. Returning to the United States, Low established the Girl Scouts of the USA. Loy 1905 1993 Myrna Loy was an actress known for her work in "The Thin Man" films of the 1930s. During World War II, she held a high position in the Red Cross. After the war, she was part of the U.S. Commission to UNESCO. Luce 1903 1987 Though a successful playwright and screenwriter, Clare Boothe Luce was also politically active. She served in the U.S. House of Representatives and became U.S.

Ambassador to Italy. Booth Luce was the first woman to represent the U.S. to a major world power. Ludington 1761 1839 Sybil Ludington was the daughter of a colonial militia leader. One night, she rode over 40 miles to alert militiamen to an attack on Danbury, Connecticut, in 1777. She is considered the female equivalent to Paul Revere. Mabley 1894 1975 "Moms" Mabley was the stage name of comedian Loretta Aiken. Beginning in vaudeville, she moved into films and television and was a pioneering African American comic. Madison 1768 1849 Dolley Madison was the wife of President James Madison and is credited with defining the role of the First Lady. During the War of 1812, Madison saved many important and historical items from the White House before it was burned by invading British forces. Malone 1869 1957 Annie Malone was an African American entrepreneur who became a millionaire through the invention and sale of hair care products designed for African American women.

She became a benefactor to the African American community in St. Louis, Missouri. Mankiller 1945 2010 Wilma Mankiller was the first female chief of the Cherokee Nation. Active in the Native American Rights movement, she began working for the Cherokee Nation with a focus on economic development. Becoming principle chief in 1985, she built up the Cherokee community and preserved its traditions. Mason 1818 1891 Bridget "Biddy" Mason was born a slave but was freed when her owner moved to California. She then worked as a nurse and invested in Los Angeles real estate, amassing a fortune. Her wealth was used to support charitable and religious work. McAuliffe 1948 1986 Christa McAuliffe was a teacher and astronaut. A high school social studies teacher, she was chosen to be the first American civilian to go into space. However, she was killed when the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after takeoff. McCabe 1889 1971 Esther McCabe was the mother of 12 children, 11 of them boys.

During World War II, all 11 sons served in the military. Consequently, she was recognized as the "Nation's Number 1 Mother" for having the most children in the military. McClintock 1902 1992 Barbara McClintock was a geneticist who discovered how genes affect physical characteristics through transposition, changing position on the chromosome. In 1983, this discovery won her the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. McKinley 1847 1907 Ida McKinley was the wife of President William McKinley and First Lady of the United States from 1897 to 1901. She suffered from severe epilepsy but was known as an excellent hostess and a keen political observer. McPherson 1890 1944 Aimee Semple McPherson was a Pentecostal evangelist who achieved great fame by pioneering the use of the radio to reach a large audience. She founded the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel.

Mead 1901 1978 Margaret Mead was a cultural anthropologist who popularized the idea that a society's culture can shape individual experience and development. Her book, "Coming of Age in Samoa," made her famous and influenced American attitudes in the 1960s. Merrill 1862 1951 Winifred Edgerton Merrill was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics, specializing in mathematical astronomy. She went on to found the Oaksmere School for Girls and helped to establish Barnard College. Mink 1927 2002 Patsy Takemoto Mink was a long-serving member of the U.S. House of Representatives and the first woman of color and the first Asian American woman elected to Congress. She was the co-author of the Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act. Mitchell 1818 1889 Maria Mitchell was the country's first female professional astronomer. In 1847, she discovered a comet that was named after her. She co-founded the American Association for the Advancement of Women and became a professor at Vassar College.

Monroe 1926 1962 Marilyn Monroe was an actress who reached fame in the 1950s. She played serious as well as comedic roles on film, and eventually became a popular culture icon. Moody 1586 1659 Lady Deborah Moody was a colonial settler. She led a group of religious dissenters to found the town of Gravesend in New York, becoming the first woman to found a town and be granted a land patent. Moore 1871 1961 Anne Carroll Moore was a librarian that pioneered the creation of children's libraries. At the Pratt Institute and later the New York Public Library, she established collections of books for children as well as other initiatives to welcome children into libraries. Morris 1814 1902 Esther Hobart Morris was a women's rights advocate. She is credited with spurring the Wyoming legislature to take up the matter of women's suffrage, which it later made law. She was also the first woman to become a Justice of the Peace. Morton 1936 2003 Azie Taylor Morton served as United States Treasurer in the late 1970s.

She is the only African American woman to hold the post. Previously, she had served for decades on the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Moses 1860 1961 Anna Mary Robertson Moses, also known as "Grandma Moses," was a folk artist who began painting at age 78. Portraying nostalgic scenes of rural America with energy and realism, her paintings gained a wide following. Mott 1793 1880 Lucretia Mott was a leader in the abolition movement. Mott also helped organize the Seneca Falls convention, sparking the women's right movement, and continued to fight for women's rights and suffrage until her death. Musgrove 1700 1763 Mary Musgrove served as an intermediary between the Creek Indians and Georgia colonists. Partly of Creek ancestry, she worked to protect their interests while building her own business as a trader. Nathan 1862 1946 Maud Nathan was a labor activist who helped to found the New York Consumers' League and later the National Consumers' League, which sought to improve the working conditions for working-class women. Nathan also fought for women's suffrage.

Nation 1846 1911 Carry Nation was a member of the temperance movement. She became famous for entering bars and saloons and destroying the fixtures and stock with a hatchet. Nevelson 1899 1988 Louise Nevelson was an innovative artist that became one of the most important figures in 20th-century sculpture. Nichols 1810 1885 Clarina Nichols was a journalist who was a pioneer in the women's rights movement and a fervent abolitionist. Moving to Kansas to stop the spread of slavery, she served on the Underground Railroad and pushed for the enfranchisement of women. Nixon 1912 1993 Catherine "Pat" Nixon was the wife of President Richard Nixon. As First Lady, she traveled extensively. Known as "Madame Ambassador," she visited Africa, Peru, and Vietnam on her own. She also celebrated the nation's volunteers and encouraged wider participation in volunteer programs. Oakley 1860 1926 Annie Oakley was a sharpshooter who toured with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. A gifted marksman, she became internationally famous.

She and her husband raised money for the Red Cross during World War I. O'Keefe 1887 1986 Georgia O'Keeffe was a painter. One of the founders of American Modernism, she combined abstraction and symbolism into visually compelling works. Ostrom 1933 2012 Elinor Ostrom was a political scientist and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. Her work focused on how people interact with their ecosystems and how they work together to manage common natural resources. Ovington 1865 1951 Mary White Ovington was a social reformer. She helped establish settlement houses in Brooklyn and came to focus on racial inequality. This led her to co-found the NAACP, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Palmer 1807 1874 Phoebe Palmer was an evangelist who justified a woman's right to preach and laid the groundwork for modern Pentecostalism. Parks 1913 2005 Rosa Parks was a civil rights pioneer, launching the Montgomery Bus Boycott and national efforts to end racial segregation.

She was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and a statue of her was installed in the U.S. Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Parsons 1628 1712 Mary Bliss Parsons was a founder of Northampton, Connecticut. She is known for repeatedly being tried for witchcraft and acquitted decades before the Salem witch trials. Paul 1885 1977 Alice Paul was a suffragist and co-founder of the National Woman's Party. Paul's actions helped bring about the passage of the 19th Amendment. Pearl 1912 1996 Minnie Pearl was the stage name of Sarah Cannon, a comedian on the Country Music circuit and television. Her humor was based on her hometown in the South and poked fun at Southern culture. Her long career and comedic style influenced many younger comics. Peck 1850 1935 Annie Smith Peck was a mountaineer and writer. Leaving a career as a teacher, she became a mountain climber, setting various records and opening up the sport for women. She also traveled extensively and wrote of her adventures.

Peratrovich 1911 1958 Elizabeth Peratrovich was a Tlingit Native Alaskan who worked to end racial discrimination against Alaska Natives. She is credited with gaining passage of Alaska's Anti-Discrimination Act, the first anti-discrimination law in the United States. Perkins 1880 1965 Frances Perkins was the first woman to serve as a cabinet secretary. Secretary of Labor during the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, she was an architect of the New Deal and a champion of labor rights. Pickens 1832 1899 Lucy Pickens was the First Lady of South Carolina during the Civil War. She was known as the "Queen of the Confederacy" and was the only woman to have her portrait appear on Confederate currency. Pickersgill 1776 1857 Mary Pickersgill was a seamstress. She sewed the flag flown over Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. The flag became known as the Star Spangled Banner in the poem by Francis Scott Key.

Pickford 1892 1979 Mary Pickford was a pioneering film actress who helped establish the motion picture industry. Extremely popular, she was the second woman to win the Academy Award for Best Actress. She was also a co-founder of United Artists and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Piestewa 1979 2003 Lori Piestewa was a U.S. soldier involved in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. She was the first female soldier to die in the war. Also, as a member of the Hopi tribe, she was the first Native American woman U.S. soldier to die in combat. Pitcher 1754 1832 Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley is generally considered to be Molly Pitcher who fought with her husband at the Revolutionary War Battle of Monmouth in 1778. She took over the operation of a cannon when her husband became incapacitated.

Plath 1932 1963 Sylvia Plath was a Pulitzer Prize-winning poet known for her works "The Colossus and Other Poems" and "Ariel." She helped introduce a type of poetry that focused on individual experience. Pocahontas 1595 1617 Pocahontas was the daughter of Native American Chief Powhatan and was integral to relations between her people and the English at the Jamestown, Virginia, settlement. She eventually married Englishman John Rolfe. Priest 1905 1975 Ivy Baker Priest was U.S. Treasurer during the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration. Previously, she served as assistant chairwoman of the women's division of the Republican National Committee. Later, she would serve as Treasurer of California under Governor Ronald Reagan. Quimby 1875 1912 Harriet Quimby was journalist and screenwriter, but she is most famous as an aviator. She was the first woman to earn a pilot's license in the U.S. and the first woman to fly across the English Channel.

Rainey 1886 1939 Ma Rainey was an early blues singer known as "The Mother of the Blues." She introduced America to the blues through stage and tent shows and was one of the first blues singers to record their songs. Rand 1905 1982 Ayn Rand was a novelist and philosopher known for her two best-selling novels "The Fountainhead" and "Atlas Shrugged." These works espoused her philosophy known as Objectivism that stressed self-interest and individualism. Rankin 1880 1973 Jeannette Rankin was a member of Congress and a pacifist. In 1916, she became the first woman elected to Congress. Representing Montana, she pushed passage of the 19th Amendment. She voted against U.S. entry into World War I and World War II. Raye 1916 1994 Martha Raye was a singer, actress, and comedian. Leaving a nursing career, she became a Big Band singer and moved into comic roles in movies and television. During the Vietnam War, she was known as "Colonel Maggie" by the troops for her devotion to them.

Resnick 1949 1986 Judith Resnick was an engineer and astronaut killed in the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1986. She was the second American woman to travel into space. Richards 1842 1911 Ellen Swallow Richards was a chemist. The first woman admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, she later studied the ecological impact of urbanization and helped develop sanitary sewer treatment systems. She also advocated the use of science in the household, creating the field of home economics. Ride 1951 2012 Sally Ride was an astronaut and physicist. Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, she was the first American woman to travel into space and is considered one of the heroes of aviation. Rincon de Gautier 1897 1994 Felisa Rincón de Gautier was mayor of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Elected in 1946, she was the first woman to lead a capital city. After serving over twenty years as mayor, she became a Goodwill Ambassador for the United States. Rivers 1933 2014 Joan Rivers was a comedian and writer.

She developed a form of comedy that provided social critique from a woman's viewpoint. She wrote for various television shows, including the "Tonight Show" before launching a career in stand-up comedy. Robinson 1911 2015 Amelia Robinson was a civil rights activist, playing an important role in the civil rights marches held in Alabama in 1965. She was also the first African American woman to run for a Congressional seat in Alabama. Roebling 1905 1994 Mary Roebling was the first woman to head a major American bank, the Trenton Trust Company. She eventually became chair of the National State Bank and founded the Women's Bank of Denver. She was also the American Stock Exchange's first woman governor. Roosevelt 1884 1962 Eleanor Roosevelt was the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. As the longest-serving First Lady, she championed the rights of the poor, women, and minorities. After her husband's death, she served as a delegate to the United Nations and helped draft the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Ross 1752 1836 Betsy Ross was an upholsterer and seamstress.

During the Revolutionary War, she became widowed and ran the family upholstery business, doing other needle work to supplement her income. She is purported to have sewn the first American flag in 1776. Ross 1904 1988 Esther Ross was a Native American rights activist. She spent her life fighting for federal recognition of the Stillaguamish tribe of Washington State. After the tribe was fully recognized in 1976, Ross was named Chairperson of the tribe. Ross 1876 1977 Nellie Tayloe Ross became the first woman elected governor of a state when she succeeded her dead husband as Governor of Wyoming. She later became the first woman to be named Director of the U.S. Mint. Rowlandson 1637 1711 Mary Rowlandson was a colonist captured by a group of Nipmunk and Narragansett Indians. She was held for 11 weeks before being ransomed. She later wrote an account of her ordeal that proved very popular and established the genre of "captivity narratives." Rudolph 1940 1994 Wilma Rudolph was a track and field sprinter.

At the 1960 Olympic Games held in Rome, she became the first American woman to win three gold medals at a single Olympic Games. Sabin 1871 1953 Florence Sabin was a physician and medical researcher. She was the first woman professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Sacagawea 1788 1812 Sacagawea was a Shoshone woman who aided the Lewis and Clark Expedition in its exploration of the Louisiana Purchase between 1804 and 1806. Serving as an interpreter, she helped establish contacts with various Native American peoples and ensured the success of the expedition. Sampson 1760 1827 Deborah Sampson served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War disguised as a man. Calling herself Robert Shurtlieff, she served 17 months in the army and was wounded in action. She received an honorable discharge. Sanger 1879 1966 Margaret Sanger was an activist for women's rights. Trained as a nurse, she worked for the availability of contraceptives for women.

She coined the term "birth control" and founded the American Birth Control League in 1921. Schurz 1833 1876 Margarethe Meyer Schurz was a German immigrant. Before leaving Germany, she and her sister had established a number of kindergartens. Moving to Watertown, Wisconsin, she established the first American kindergarten there in 1856. Seton 1774 1821 Elizabeth Ann Seton was an educator who established America's first Catholic girl's school and its first Catholic woman's religious order, the Sisters of Charity. Later, she was first native-born American to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Shriver 1921 2009 Eunice Kennedy Shriver was an advocate for children and people with intellectual disabilities. She was a founder of the Special Olympics and a winner of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Smith 1897 1995 Margaret Chase Smith was a U.S. Senator from Maine who had previously served as a U.S. Representative.

She was the first woman to represent Maine in Congress, to serve in both houses, and to be nominated for president at a major party convention. Smith 1907 1986 Kate Smith was a singer and pioneer in radio and television. Without formal training, she became one of America's most popular singers, especially for her performances of "God Bless America." She was known for her patriotism and support for the war effort during World War II. Spencer 1879 1930 Fanny Bixby Spencer devoted herself to social reform and pacifism. Focusing on women's and children's cases, she worked with settlement houses and became Long Beach, California's first policewoman. She also fought for female suffrage and an end to war. Stanton 1815 1902 Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped organize the conference at Seneca Falls in 1848 and drafted the Declaration of Sentiments adopted there. For the rest of her life she helped lead the fight for women's suffrage. Stark 1737 1814 Molly Stark was a pioneer and wife of John Stark, a general during the American Revolution.

Using her house as a hospital, she tended her husband's troops during a smallpox epidemic. Stone 1818 1893 Lucy Stone was an abolitionist and suffragist. She co-founded the American Woman Suffrage Association that focused on state suffrage amendments. She was also the first woman to earn a college degree in Massachusetts. Stout 1622 1732 Penelope Stout was a colonial settler repeatedly saved by Native Americans. She helped found the town of Middleton, New Jersey, and the first Baptist Church of New Jersey. Stowe 1811 1883 Harriet Beecher Stowe was an author and abolitionist. Her popular novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" which portrayed the harshness of slavery became a best seller before the Civil War. Strong 1740 1812 Anna Strong was an American spy during the Revolutionary War. She was a member of the Culper Spy Ring that gathered military intelligence on New York City during its occupation by British forces. Sullivan 1866 1936 Anne Sullivan was a pioneering educator. She became famous for her teaching of Helen Keller who was deaf and blind.

Dubbed "the miracle worker," Sullivan established the process used to educate children who are vision or hearing impaired. Sullivan 1895 1972 Aletta Sullivan was the mother of the "Fighting Sullivan Brothers." During World War II, all five brothers served on the USS Juneau and were killed in action in 1942. She and her husband then toured the country speaking in support of the war effort. Swain 1801 1880 Louisa Swain was a pioneer in women's rights. In 1870, at age 69, she was the first woman to vote in a U.S. general election. She cast her ballot in Wyoming, which had granted women's suffrage the year before. Taft 1712 1778 Lydia Chapin Taft was a member of the Massachusetts Colony. In 1756, she became the first woman to legally vote in America, serving as a proxy for her son. Tarbell 1857 1944 Ida Tarbell was a journalist and historian.

She is best known for her pioneering investigative journalism that became known as muckraking and was focused on monopolistic industries in the late nineteenth century. Temple 1928 2014 Shirley Temple (Black) was an actress famous for the films she made as a child. After some film roles as an adult, she became a diplomat. She served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, going on to become the ambassador to Ghana and later, ambassador to Czechoslovakia. Truth 1797 1883 Born into slavery as Isabella Baumfree, Sojourner Truth changed her name after gaining her freedom. She campaigned for abolition and women's rights, becoming famous for her "Ain't I a Woman" speech. Tubman 1822 1913 Harriet Tubman was born into slavery. After escaping to freedom, she became a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. During the Civil War, she served as a Union Army scout and was the first woman to lead a military operation. Tuchman 1912 1989 Barbara Tuchman was a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian.

She won the prize twice, once for "The Guns of August" and once for "Stilwell and the American Experience in China." Van Lew 1818 1900 Elizabeth Van Lew was an abolitionist who ran a spy ring during the Civil War. Operating in Richmond, Virginia, she gathered intelligence on Confederate troop movements for the Union and cared for prisoners of war. Wade 1843 1863 Jennie Wade was the only civilian killed at the Battle of Gettysburg. During the battle, she aided Union troops near her home. On July 3, 1863, she was struck by a stray Confederate bullet. Walker 1864 1934 Maggie Lena Walker was an African American entrepreneur, establishing various businesses. She was the first woman bank president. As grand secretary of the Independent Order of Saint Luke, she worked for the social and financial advancement of the African American community. Walker 1832 1919 Mary Edwards Walker was a surgeon who served with the Union Army during the Civil War. For this work, she became the only woman ever awarded the Medal of Honor. She later became a strong supporter of women's suffrage.

Walker 1867 1919 Madam C.J. Walker, born Sarah Breedlove, was the first woman to become a self-made millionaire. She created a line of African-American hair care products and her success allowed her to become a noted philanthropist. Walton 1829 1906 Mary Walton was an inventor. Her inventions included devices to reduce pollution from locomotive and factory chimneys and a noise deadening system for elevated railways. Ward 1738 1822 Nancy Ward or Nanyehi was a councilwoman of the Cherokee. She acted as a negotiator with American colonists, striving for peace between them and the Cherokee. Warren 1728 1814 Mercy Otis Warren was a political writer and historian during the American Revolution. She used her writing to support the war and later the inclusion of a Bill of Rights in the Constitution. She was the first woman to write a history of the American Revolution. Washington 1731 1802 Martha Washington was the wife of President George Washington and the first woman to become First Lady of the United States.

She established many of the social norms for the Office of the President, holding formal dinners and receptions. Wauneka 1910 1997 Annie Dodge Wauneka was the first woman elected to serve on the Navajo Tribal Council. Heading the Council's Health and Welfare Committee, she worked to improve the health of her people through education, directing reforms, and political action. Wells 1862 1931 Ida Bell Wells was a journalist and civil rights activist who used her writing, including a newspaper she founded, to mount an anti-lynching campaign. She also founded the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs and was a co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Wheatley 1753 1784 Phillis Wheatley was the first African American and the first U.S. slave to have her work published. She received great acclaim in colonial America and Europe for her poetry. Wilder 1867 1957 Laura Ingalls Wilder was an author, best known for writing the "Little House" book series, an autobiographical account of her childhood in a settler family.

Willard 1787 1870 Emma Willard was a champion of women's education. After working in various schools for women, she opened the first school for the higher education of women—the Troy Female Seminary. Willard 1839 1898 Frances Elizabeth Willard was an educator and temperance reformer. After years of teaching, she was named president of the Evanston College for Ladies. She left education to become a leader and eventually president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, advocating temperance and women's suffrage. Wilson 1872 1961 Edith Wilson was the second wife of President Woodrow Wilson, marrying Wilson while he was in office. When the President suffered a stroke in 1919, she became the acting president until the end of his second term in 1921. Winnemucca 1844 1891 Sarah Winnemucca was a member of the Paiute tribe who served as an interpreter and negotiator between her people and the U.S. Army in the 1860s and 1870s. She also fought for the rights of Native American communities.

Winslow 1607 1679 Mary Chilton Winslow was a Pilgrim who arrived in America on the "Mayflower." She is believed to have been the first woman ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. Woodhull 1838 1927 Victoria Woodhull was a journalist and activist. She established a radical journal that published ideas on social reforms and women's rights. She was the first woman to run a Wall Street brokerage firm and the first woman to run for the presidency of the United States. Wood 1880 1917 Edith Ayres and Helen Wood were the first female U.S. military casualties of World War I. While on board a troopship to France, the two nurses were killed by shrapnel from an accidental explosion, during anti-submarine target practice by the ship's guns. Woodward 1829 1921 Charlotte Woodward was a suffragist and the only signer of Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls in 1848 to witness the passage of the 19th Amendment. She was a member of the American Woman Suffrage Association and a supporter of the National Woman's Party.

Wu 1912 1997 Chien-Shiung Wu, recognized as the "First Lady of Physics," was a specialist in nuclear fission that was recruited to work on the Manhattan Project, the Army's secret project to develop the atomic bomb. Yalow 1921 2011 Rosalyn Yalow was a medical physicist who conducted groundbreaking research that revolutionized the field of endocrinology. In 1977, Yalow became the second woman to earn a Nobel Prize in Medicine. Zaharias 1911 1956 Mildred Ella "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias was one of the greatest athletes of the twentieth century. After winning various track and field medals at the 1932 Olympics, she went on to conquer the sport of golf, co-founding the Ladies Professional Golf Association. Zane

Question: Which American actress, who won the 1965 Best Actress Oscar, had a father who won gold in the 1920 Olympic Games?
Answer: Grace Kelly