Wakefield Map - Detailed Street Map of Wakefield Yorkshire Wakefield Map Wakefield map, view the West Yorkshire town of Wakefield, located to the south of the city of Leeds. Detailed Street Map of Wakefield Yorkshire & City Guide Wakefield Map Yorkshire: Interactive map of Wakefield, showing the location of the town situated to the south of Leeds in the county of West Yorkshire in northern England, United Kingdom. Use controls to view a detailed street map of Wakefield or see a town centre map of Wakefield (city centre map), showing Wakefield College, Claydon Hospital, Wakefield Sports Club, the Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield Cathedral and the 2 Wakefield railway stations (Westgate and Kirkgate). Also on this Wakefield map are Wrenthorpe, Newton Hill, Alverthorpe, Agbrigg, Thornes Park and the City of Wakefield Golf Club, zoom out to see Kirkhamgate, Outwood, Stanley, Altofts, Horbury, Calder Grove and Crigglestone. Wakefield is a large town located beside the River Calder in West Yorkshire, it has a population of around 77,000 and a history which stretches back to Anglo-Saxon times.

Named in the Domesday Book as Wachefeld, its name probably derives from the Old English wacu feld or "field where a wake is held". Wakefield grew, along with many other Yorkshire towns, around the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution. Wakefield can be accessed via the M1 and A638, it is about 11 miles from Leeds , 34 miles from York and 185 miles driving distance from London . Bradford B Bradford Bradford (pronounced /ˈbrædfɚd/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire , England. It is situated in the foothills of the Pennines , 8.6 miles (13.8 km) west of Leeds , and 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough. Bradford has a population of 497,400, making it the fourth-most populous metropolitan borough and the sixth-most populous local authority district in the UK.

Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and the city is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), the third largest in the UK after London and Manchester, with an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2.4 million. The urban core has a population of 293,717. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool . It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution , and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world". The area's access to a supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment; Bradford has fine Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall. The textile sector in Bradford fell into a terminal decline from the mid-20th century.

Since this time, Bradford has emerged as a tourist destination with attractions such as the National Media Museum, Cartwright Hall, and Saltaire, a World Heritage Site. However, Bradford has faced similar challenges to the rest of the post-industrial area of Northern England, including deindustrialisation, housing problems, social unrest and serious economic deprivation. Since the 1950s Bradford has experienced significant levels of immigration, particularly from Pakistan . Bradford has the second highest proportion of Muslims in England and Wales outside London. An estimated 101,967 people of South Asian origin reside in the city, representing around 20.5% of the city's population, with this figure projected to rise to 28% by 2011. The city is often cited as one of the prime examples of 'parallel communities', where the population is effectively segregated along ethnic, cultural and faith lines. Etymology The name Bradford is derived from the "broad ford" at Church Bank (below the site of Bradford Cathedral) around which a settlement had begun to appear before the time of the Norman Conquest ("Bradeford" in the Domesday book of 1086). The ford crossed the stream called Bradford Beck.

History Early history Bradford was first settled in Saxon times and by the middle ages , had become a small town centred on Kirkgate, Westgate and Ivegate. After an uprising in 1070 against the Norman conquest . Bradford grew slowly over the next two-hundred years as the woollen trade gained in prominence. The Civil War caused a decline in the industry but with the accession of William and Mary in 1689 prosperity began to return. The launch of manufacturing in the early 18th century marked the start of the town's development whilst new canal and turnpike road links encouraged trade. 19th century and the Industrial Revolution At the turn of the 19th century, Bradford was a small rural market town of 16,000 people, where wool spinning and cloth weaving was carried out in local cottages and farms. The Industrial Revolution led to rapid growth, with wool imported in vast quantities for the manufacture of worsted cloth in which Bradford specialised, and the town soon became known as the wool capital of the world. Yorkshire had plentiful supplies of soft water , which was needed in the cleaning of raw wool, and locally mined coal provided the power that the industry needed.

Local Sandstone was an excellent resource for the building of the mills, and with a population of 182.000 by 1850, Bradford had a readily available workforce. Such unprecedented growth did create problems, however. With over 200 factory chimneys continually churning out black, sulphurous smoke, Bradford gained the reputation of being the most polluted town in England. There were regular outbreaks of cholera and typhoid, and only 30% of children born to textile workers reached the age of fifteen. Life expectancy, of just over eighteen years, was one of the lowest in the country. To support the textile mills, a large manufacturing base grew up in the city providing textile machinery, and this led to diversification with different industries thriving side by side. Bradford's manufacturing history includes the Jowett Motor Company, which had many great achievements during its 50 years of existence. Recent history The textile industry began to fall into terminal decline in the 20th century. A culture of innovation had been fundamental to Bradford's dominance, with new textile technologies being invented in the city; a prime example being the work of Samuel Lister.

This innovation culture continues today throughout Bradford's economy, from automotive (Kahn Design) to electronics (Pace Micro Technology). Wm Morrison Supermarkets was founded by William Morrison in 1899, initially as an egg and butter merchant in Rawson Market, operating under the name of Wm Morrison (Provisions) Limited. The grandest of the mills (no longer used for textile production) is Lister Mills, the chimney of which can be seen from most places in Bradford. It has recently become a beacon of regeneration in the city after a £100 million conversion to apartment blocks by property developers Urban Splash. Salts Mill is another large mill that has a new life in the modern era. The mill is occupied by high-technology companies, contemporary design shops and gallery spaces. It is the hub of the world heritage site of Saltaire, three miles (4.8 km) north of the city centre. In January 1989, copies of Salman Rushdie 's The Satanic Verses were publicly burnt in Bradford, and the city's Muslim community took the lead in the campaign against the book in the UK.

In July 2001, ethnic tensions led to serious rioting in Bradford, leading to a report describing Bradford as fragmented and as a city of segregated ethnic communities. Bradford has suffered from deep-rooted de-industrialisation, and has some of the poorest levels of social deprivation in the UK, with widespread pockets of exclusion and rates of unemployment in some wards exceeding 25%. Governance Bradford was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1847, covering the parishes of Bradford, Horton and Manningham. It became a county borough with the passing of the Local Government Act 1888 and Bradford was granted city status by Letters Patent in 1897. The county borough boundaries were expanded in 1882 and again in 1899. Clayton was added in 1930. The county borough was merged with the Borough of Keighley, the Urban Districts of Baildon, Bingley, Cullingworth, Denholme, Ilkley, Shipley and Silsden, along with part of Queensbury and Shelf Urban District and part of Skipton Rural District by the Local Government Act 1972.

City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council, which is based at Bradford City Hall in Centenary Square, governs the whole metropolitan district. The city is divided into 30 Electoral Wards. As of 2009, there are 37 Conservative councillors, 35 Labour, 13 Liberal Democrat, 3 Green and 2 representing the British National Party. At present, no party is in overall control of the council. A life-size statue of Oliver Cromwell decorates the façade of the City Hall, suggesting a continuing commitment to parliamentary values. However, Bradford did not gain its own MPs until the Reform Act 1832 gave it two. Today, Bradford is represented by five MPs: for the constituencies of Keighley (Ann Cryer, Labour), Shipley (Philip Davies, Conservative), Bradford North (Terry Rooney, Labour), Bradford West (Marsha Singh, Labour) and Bradford South (Gerry Sutcliffe, Labour). Bradford is within the Yorkshire and the Humber European constituency, which is represented by two Conservative, one Labour, one UKIP, one Liberal Democrat and one BNP MEPs .

The voting figures for Bradford in the European Parliament election in June 2009 were: Conservative 24.7%, Labour 22.6%, UKIP 14.9%, Lib Dem 13.4%, BNP 9.4%, Green 8.8%. The city played an important part in the early history of the Labour Party. A mural on the back of the Priestley Centre For The Arts (visible from Leeds Road) commemorates the centenary of the founding of the Independent Labour Party in 1893. Geography Bradford is located at 53°45″00′N 01°50″00′W (53.7500, -1.8333)1. Topographically, it is located in the eastern part of the moorland region called the South Pennines Unusually for a major city, Bradford is not built on any substantial body of water. The ford from which it takes its name (Broad-Ford) was a crossing of the stream called Bradford Beck.

The beck rises in the Pennine hills to the west of the city, and is swelled by tributaries such as Horton Beck, Westbrook, Bowling Beck and Eastbrook. At the site of the original ford, just below the present Bradford Cathedral, it turns north, and flows more or less straight towards the River Aire at Shipley. Bradfordale (or Bradforddale) is a name given by geographers to the valley of Bradford Beck (see for example Firth 1997). It can reasonably be regarded as one of the Yorkshire Dales, though as the site of a big city, it is often not recognised as such. The beck's course through the city centre is entirely underground, and was mostly so by the middle of the 19th century. On the 1852 Ordnance Survey map of Bradford it is visible as far as Sun Bridge, at the end of Tyrrell Street, and then again from beside the railway station at the bottom of Kirkgate. On the 1906 Ordnance Survey, it disappears at Tumbling Hill Street, off Thornton Road, and first appears again north of Cape Street, off Valley Road, though there are further culverts as far as Queens Road.

This is substantially the position today. The Bradford Canal, built in 1774, took its water from Bradford Beck and its tributaries. This supply was often inadequate to feed the locks, and the polluted state of the canal led to its temporary closure in 1866: the canal was closed in the early 20th century as uneconomic. 'The Channel' is another facet of the Alsop plan, envisaging the creation of a new canal-side community through its reopening. Demographics As of the 2001 UK census, the City of Bradford had a population of 467,455. Of the 180,246 households in Bradford, 36.5% were married couples living together, 28% were one-person households, 10.8% were lone parents and 8.4% were co-habiting couples, following a similar trend to the rest of England. The population density was 1,290 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,341/sq mi) and for every 100 females, there were 92.8 males.

Of those aged 16–74, 24.5% had no academic qualifications, lower than the 28.9% in all of England. 11.8% of Bradford residents were born outside the United Kingdom, higher than the England average of 9.2%. In 2006, it was estimated that 74.9% of the city's population was White (72.2% White British, 0.7% White Irish and 2.1% as Other White), 2.9% Mixed Race, 20.5% Asian or Asian British, 1.6% Black and 0.6% from other races. 16.8% of the population are of South Asian origin, representing the second highest proportion in England and Wales outside London , in terms of both population (behind Birmingham) and percentage (behind Blackburn with Darwen). Nearly half of all Asians living in Yorkshire and the Humber live in Bradford, with one district, Frizinghall, having the highest concentration of Pakistanis in England and Wales, making up 73% of the local population.

Accordingly, the city has a large Islamic population, with 16.08% of the population identifying themselves as Muslim in the 2001 census. 60.14% were Christians, 1.02% Sikhs , 0.95% Hindus and 13.3% were identified as having no religion. The percentage of Jews , Buddhists and those following other religions each amounted to fewer than 0.5% of the city's population. The ONS Regional Trends report, published in June 2009, showed that most of the urban core and 41% of the district as a whole were among the most deprived in the country. Bradford has one of the highest unemployment rates in England, with the economic inactivity rates of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups standing at over 50% of the working age population. The crime rate in Bradford is significantly higher than the national average. In July 2006, the think tank Reform calculated rates of crime for different offences, relating this to populations of major urban areas (defined as towns over 100,000 population).

The study ranked Bradford as the second most dangerous city in England and Wales with 98.3 serious offences per 1,000 population, behind Nottingham. The city was shown to have the highest level of gun crime in the country, and was amongst the top 5 for incidents of burglary, rape, assault and vehicle crime. Economy Bradford's traditional textile industry has been in decline for many years. However, Bradford's economy has diversified and the city is now home to several major companies, notably in Travel (Thomas Cook Head Office), Finance (Yorkshire Building Society, Provident Financial), Retail (Morrisons supermarkets, Grattan Mail Order), Electronics (Pace Micro, Filtronic), Engineering (NG Bailey, Powell Switchgear), Manufacturing (Denso Marston, CIBA Chemicals, Bailey Offsite). Bradford is also home to several successful Asian businesses including the Mumtaz restaurant chain and Safestyle UK among others. Development In 2004, the Bradford Urban Regeneration Company commissioned architect Will Alsop to create a vision for the city's future and the role of a "city centre" in the 21st century.

The audacious (yet controversial) Alsop plan envisaged four regenerated quarters within the heart of the city — The Bowl, The Channel, The Market and The Valley. Each would create new public spaces for commerce, education and leisure and would showcase Bradford's setting within the Pennine region. Many significant developments have been completed, with further large schemes proposed and currently under construction. Completed include: Centenary Square, city centre, public piazza and retail. Connecting the City, £20 million clearance of 1960s structures over several acres of the city centre, in preparation for the Broadway project. Lister Mills Silk Warehouse, Manningham. Victoria Mill, Shipley, £70 million conversion and new build, 300 apartments. City termination of M606. Leisure Exchange, city centre, multiplex cinemas, bowling, restaurants. New Class 333 electric trains (similar to Heathrow Express) from Forster Square railway station to Leeds/Ilkley/Skipton/Shipley/Bingley/Keighley. Abbey offices, Yorkshire Building Society offices in the city centre. Valley Parade, Manningham, Bradford City's 25,000 capacity all-seater stadium.

Manchester Road corridor, a 2-mile (3 km) guided bus route with innovative art installation/bus stops. Bingley Relief Road, a £49 million project creating a 9-mile (14 km) high-speed route through Airedale. Rawson Quarter, redevelopment of the former Rawson Market. Lister Mills Velvet Mill, 170 apartments. The Gatehaus, Little Germany, a £22 million 11 floor apartment building. Eastbrook Hall, Little Germany, £12 million rebuilding significant structure to create commercial and living space. Under construction and proposed: Broadway Project, £300 million city centre shops, offices and apartments (construction on hold until the economy recovers from recession). Listerhills urban village, £90 million mixed use project, student and key-worker housing, in the city centre Thornton Road/Valley area. New Victoria Place, £55 million hotel, public square, offices, retail, Bradford College, 205 apartments, adjacent to the Alhambra Theatre and Centenary Square (proposed, site is under discussion).

Channel neighbourhood, £350 million waterside project in the city centre Canal Road area, with shops, offices, apartments, includes reopening the Bradford Canal (in planning). University campus refurbishment, £75 million project as part of 'Ecoversity' vision (part complete). Lister Mills further phases of a £100 million project, Chimney Square, Boiler House, link to Victor Road and Lister Park (proposed). Drummonds, Manningham, conversion of mills to apartments and offices (proposed). The Bowl, centrepiece of the Alsop Masterplan large pool backed by City Hall, the future gathering place for Bradfordians (purchase of land in progress). Citygate project, Manchester Road (city centre end) hotel, residential and commercial buildings including a 38 storey tower, making it Bradford's tallest building (completion 2012). Beehive Mills, Thornton Road, residential apartments and commercial uses on the ground floors including a 22 storey tower (completion 2010). Landmarks Bradford's oldest building is the cathedral, which for most of its life was a parish church.

Few other Medieval buildings have survived apart from Bolling Hall, which has been preserved as a museum. There are some fine Victorian buildings: apart from the abundance of mills, there is the City Hall (with statues of rulers of England unusually including Oliver Cromwell), the former Wool Exchange, and a large Victorian cemetery at Undercliffe. Little Germany is a splendid Victorian commercial district just east of the city centre which takes its name from 19th century immigrants who ran businesses from some of the many listed buildings. Following decades of decay there have been successful conversions to office and residential use. In mid-2005 renovation began on the prominent Eastbrook Hall in Little Germany. Bradford also has a number of architecturally historic hotels that date back to the establishment of the two railway lines into the city centre, back in Victorian times. The Victoria Hotel and the Midland Hotel were built to accommodate business travellers to the city during the height of the woollen trade. Like many cities, Bradford lost a number of notable buildings to developers in the 1960s and 1970s: particularly mourned at the time were the Swan Arcade and the old Kirkgate Market.

In recent years some buildings from that era have themselves been demolished and replaced: Provincial House, next to Centenary Square, was demolished by controlled explosion in 2002, and Forster House was pulled down in 2005 as part of the Broadway development. Bradford's main art gallery is housed in the grand Edwardian Cartwright Hall in Lister Park. The National Media Museum celebrates cinema and movies, and is the most visited museum outside London. It contains an Imax cinema, the Cubby Broccoli Cinema, and the Pictureville Cinema — described by David Puttnam as the best cinema in Britain. Also in the city is The St George's Hall - a grand concert hall dating from 1853. The former Odeon cinema was the recent focus of protests by Bradfordians who did not wish to see the old building close. Adjacent is the Alhambra theatre, built in 1914 for theatre impresario Frank Laidler, and later owned by the Moss Empire group (Oswald Stoll and Edward Moss). The theatre was refurbished in 1986. Memorials Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations, Captive Nation Committee.

Transport In past centuries Bradford's location in Bradfordale made communications difficult, except from the north. Nonetheless, Bradford is now well-served by transport systems. Bradford was first connected to the developing turnpike network in 1734, when the first Yorkshire turnpike was built between Manchester and Leeds via Halifax and Bradford. Today Bradford lies on several trunk roads : The A647 to Leeds The A650 between Wakefield and Keighley The A658 to Harrogate The A6036 to Halifax The M606, a spur off the M62 motorway , connects Bradford with the national motorway network. Although it was originally planned to go directly into the city centre, this has never been built and is unlikely now ever to be, as a hotel has been built across the proposed route. Bradford's tram system was begun by Bradford Corporation in 1882. At first the vehicles were horse-drawn but were replaced by steam-driven trams in 1883, and by electric ones in 1898. On 20 June 1911, Britain's first trolleybus service opened in Bradford, between Laisterdyke and Dudley Hill.

The last service in Bradford — and indeed in Britain — ceased operation on 26 March 1972. Ten Bradford trolleybuses are now preserved at the Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft, Lincolnshire . In 1974 Bradford's municipal buses were taken over by the West Yorkshire Metro. First Bradford and Arriva are now the chief operators of buses in Bradford, with some routes using guided buses. The Bradford Canal was a 4-mile (6 km) long spur off the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Shipley. It was planned and built as part of the original Leeds and Liverpool project, to connect Bradford with the limestone quarries of north Yorkshire, the industrial towns on both sides of the Pennines and the ports on each coast. It opened in 1774, closed in 1866, reopened in 1871, and finally closed in 1922. There are plans to rebuild the canal as a key part of the regeneration of the city centre (see the main article). The Leeds and Bradford Railway opened Bradford's first railway station on 1 July 1846. It offered a service via Shipley to Leeds.

The station was rebuilt in the early 1850s and again, in 1890. Today it is a smaller railway station dating from 1990, called Forster Square railway station though it is somewhat distant from Forster Square itself. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway opened its station at Drake Street on 9 May 1850, on its line between Manchester and Leeds. The Great Northern Railway opened a third terminus at Adolphus Street to serve Leeds and places on its network in 1854, but the station was located too far from the centre, and the two companies eventually agreed to build a joint station to replace the L&Y's station at Drake Street. This station was named Bradford Exchange railway station, and opened in 1867. Adolphus Street remained as a goods terminal. By 1973, The Exchange Station was deemed too large and was rebuilt on a different site. In 1983 that station was renamed Bradford Interchange when a large bus station was built alongside. Both Forster Square and Bradford Interchange stations are under the control of the West Yorkshire Metro as part of the Leeds-Bradford Line routes.

There have been many schemes to build a link between Bradford's main railway terminals, but none has ever come to fruition. The major redevelopment of the city centre in the 1960s provided an opportunity to connect the two termini but this was not pursued. A limitation currently exists with such a connection in that large buildings were constructed on the alignment in the 1990s. The main practical difficulty in connecting the termini is the great difference in elevation: the Interchange station is already at the bottom of a long slope, steep by railway standards, but is still many feet higher than Forster Square Station. However, this gradient is not unprecedented in railway construction terms and the relocation of Forster Square Station further from the city centre has provided additional space in which the transition could be accomplished. Some bus services, such as the MetroConnect services to Leeds Bradford International Airport, call at both stations, and a zero-fare bus service funded by Bradford council and Metro was launched in September 2008. The city is served by Leeds Bradford International Airport, 6 miles (10 km) to the north east of the city. Bradford and Leeds councils jointly opened the airport in 1931.

There has been rapid expansion in recent years, and is the home base of economy Airline Jet2.com. In May 2007 the joint councils sold the airport to Bridgepoint Capital for £145.5 million. Bridgepoint announced that a further £70 million would be invested in airport improvements, to boost passenger figures to over 7 million by 2015. The airport has recently announced a new long-haul route to Islamabad using wide-bodied Airbus A310 aircraft. It is hoped this spurs on new routes from the airport. Education The University of Bradford which has over 10,000 students received its Royal Charter in 1966, but traces its history back to the 1860s. It has always been a technical and technological institution, and has no true arts faculties; yet it still covers a wide range of subjects including technology & management science, optometry, pharmacy, medical sciences, nursing studies, archaeology and modern languages. Its Peace Studies Department, founded with Quaker support in 1973, was for a long time the only such institution in the UK.

In terms of nationally recognised leading areas of research there are various departments such as Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Bradford School of Pharmacy, Peace Studies, Archaeology, Engineering, Management, Biochemistry, amongst others. The university balances academic research and teaching quality with a strong tradition of social inclusion. University of Bradford School of Management located near Lister Park, in 2008, was rated the 11th best business school in the UK by the Financial Times and 21st best by The Economist. Bradford College has around 26,000 students. It developed from the 19th century technical college whose buildings it has inherited. It now offers a wide range of further and higher educational courses, and is an Associate College of Leeds Metropolitan University. It has absorbed the Art School whose most famous alumnus is David Hockney. Culture and recreation Bradford's main art gallery is housed in the grand Edwardian Cartwright Hall in Lister Park. Salts Mill has the world's largest collection of David Hockney artworks. Bradford Industrial Museum celebrates and explains the significant achievements in Bradford's industrial past, from textiles to the manufacture of motor cars.

Colour was important in the development of the textile industry and the educational Bradford Colour Museum is unique in the UK. It is run by the Society of Dyers and Colourists. The National Media Museum celebrates cinema and movies, and is the most visited museum outside London. It contains an Imax cinema, the Cubby Broccoli Cinema, and the Pictureville Cinema — described by David Puttnam as the best cinema in Britain. The museum has a rich and varied programme of films from around the world. Bradford's contribution to the world of film has been recognised internationally as it became UNESCO's first City of Film in 2009. Traditional cinemas in Bradford have been replaced by new entertainment complexes with multi-screen cinemas. There are two multiplex cinemas in Bradford. Cineworld is at the Leisure Exchange in the city centre. The Odeon Leeds-Bradford is at Thornbury, on the outskirts of Bradford. The latter replaced the old Odeon next to the Alhambra which was the recent focus of protests by Bradfordians who did not wish to see the old building close. The University of Bradford also has a cinema run by the Students' Union. The Bradford Student Cinema operates from the University's Great Hall.

There are four theatres in Bradford: aside from The Alhambra, there is a smaller Studio theatre in the same complex. Both of these are operated by City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council. The Theatre in the Mill is a small studio theatre at the University of Bradford which presents both student and community shows and small-scale touring professional work. The Priestley Theatre is a privately run venue with a medium-sized proscenium theatre and a small studio. Among the professional theatre companies based in Bradford are Kala Sangam, the satirical madcap comedy troop, Komedy Kollective, Lost Dog (based at Theatre In The Mill) and Mind the Gap, one of the longest established, who have always worked with a mixture of disabled and able-bodied performers. Groups and organisations teaching theatre include The Asian Theatre School, Bradford Stage and Theatre School and Stage 84. There are also a number of amateur theatre groups in the city. St George's Hall is a grand concert hall dating from 1853. The Hallé Orchestra have been regular visitors over the years, as have a wide range of popular musicians, bands, entertainers and comedians. It is sometimes used for theatrical productions.

Although Bradford was home to composer Frederick Delius , there are currently no prominent professional music ensembles based in Bradford, though there are some prominent amateur groups such as the Bradford Festival Chorus. Mono is a monthly rock fanzine published in Bradford, covering the local alternative/independent rock music scene. The city is the birthplace of rock bands New Model Army, Anti System, Smokie, Southern Death Cult/The Cult, The Scene, One Minute Silence, Terrorvision and Asian hip hop group Fun-Da-Mental. Each year the city hosts several successful festivals. The Bradford Mela, the biggest of its kind outside Asia, takes place in June. The Ilkley Literature Festival in September and October is the largest and most prestigious in the north attracting big names from the arts and entertainment. The city is also known for its various film festivals hosted by the National Media Museum. These include The Bradford Film Festival in March, Bite The Mango Film Festival (World Cinema) in September, plus the Bradford Animation Festival held each November. The council also organises annual music festival Bingley Music Live held in Myrtle Park, Bingley. Nightlife in Bradford has traditionally centred around Manor Row and Manningham Lane.

More recently, several clubs and pubs have opened in the West End of Bradford, around the Alhambra Theatre, turning what was previously a fairly quiet area into one that is often crowded and raucous at night. Within the city district there are 37 parks and gardens. Lister Park, with its boating lake and Mughal Water Gardens, was voted Britain's Best Park for 2006. Peel Park is the venue for the annual Mela — a celebration of eastern culture, and Bowling Park in East Bowling is the site where the annual Bradford Carnival takes place, celebrating local African and Caribbean culture. Beauty spot, Chellow Dene, has two Victorian reservoirs set in pleasant woodland. To the west and north of Bradford are picturesque and atmospheric moorlands: the famous Ilkley Moor and moors above Haworth known internationally for its connection with the Brontë sisters. Bradford was one of the first areas of the UK to get a local commercial radio station Pennine Radio in September 1975. Today this is The Pulse of West Yorkshire and Pulse Classic Gold.

As of 2006 Bradford Community Broadcasting based in the city centre has broadcast on full-time Community Radio license around Bradford and the Aire Valley, whilst the University radio station Ramair broadcasts to the student population. Bradford's only Television station AAP TV caters for Bradford's large Asian community. The Telegraph and Argus is Bradford's daily newspaper, published six days each week from Monday to Saturday. Sport The city has a long rugby tradition, and Bradford Bulls (formerly Bradford Northern) are one of the most successful rugby league clubs in the world, winning the World Club Championship three times since 2002 and also seven times winners of the Rugby League Championship. The home of the Bulls is Grattan Stadium, Odsal (formerly Odsal Stadium) in the south of the city. The city is also home to a number of rugby union clubs — Bradford and Bingley RFC (The Bees) are based to the north of the city in Bingley; Bradford Salem are based in the Heaton area and Wibsey RFC can be found in that district to the south of the city centre.

The Richard Dunn Sports Centre is located close to the Grattan Stadium, Odsal and the sports facilities at the university are also open to the public at certain times. League football was introduced to West Yorkshire in Bradford, when Bradford City were formed in 1903. James Whyte, a sub-editor of the Bradford Observer had met with Football Association representative John Brunt in January to discuss the plans, and in May, Manningham RFC, a rugby league side decided to change codes to association football . The Football League subsequently elected Bradford City to the league, with a total of 30 votes to replace Doncaster Rovers, because it saw the invitation as a chance to introduce football to the rugby-dominated county. Just eight years after they were elected to the league, City won the FA Cup and recorded the highest league position in their history. The club now plays in the bottom tier of The Football League following two periods of administration, but their ground suffered one of the worst all-time sporting disasters in the world after 56 people died at Valley Parade on 11 May 1985. A second side from the city, Bradford Park Avenue were successful in The Football League until they dropped out of the league in 1974.

They now play in the regional league, which means the Bradford derby has not been exercised in years. Their ground hosted county cricket for Yorkshire as well as football. Bradford was once home to the now-defunct Bradford Dukes speedway team, which raced at Odsal. Speedway was staged at Greenfields Stadium in the pioneer days, when it was known as the Autodrome, and it was used for a couple of seasons in the early 1960s. Odsal opened its doors soon after the war in Europe ended in 1945 and continued in the late 1950s. It entered a team in the 1960 Provincial League then fell dormant until the 1970s when it re-opened and ran for many years. The track staged a number of big meetings including Speedway World Finals. The speedway team rode under a number of names - probably the longest running was Bradford Norther - in common with the Rugby League team at the same venue. This was changed in years of decline to Bradford Barons - emulating the more successful Halifax Dukes.

Eventually the Halifax team was brought to Bradford under the name Bradford Dukes, who at times changed their name to reflect their sponsor "Coalite Dukes" being possibly the most memorable. Religion The most prominent Christian church in Bradford is Bradford Cathedral, originally the Parish Church of St Peter. The parish of Bradford was in existence by 1283, and there was a stone church on the shelf above Bradford Beck by 1327. The Diocese of Bradford was created from part of the Diocese of Ripon in 1919, and the church became a cathedral at that time. With such a significant Pakistani population, Islam has become prominent throughout the city. This is particularly the case in inner city areas such as Manningham, where a majority of the population are Muslim. Accordingly, the city has many mosques. Some were converted from churches or other buildings, but there are also several that have been purpose-built. The largest of these is the Hanfia Masjid in Manningham. Another large mosque in Bradford is Madni Jamia Masjid which recently won the Model Mosque (Islam Channel) award.

There is ongoing construction of a mosque and college in the area of Horton Grange, and in 2008 work was completed on a new mosque in Girlington for the city's Dawoodi Bohra Muslims. This community is a sub sect of Ismaili Shia Islam. The city also has a sizeable Indian immigrant community, and there are a significant number of Hindus in the area. The Lakshmi Narayan mandir opened officially on 20 April 2008 and is the largest Hindu temple in Northern England. Also in Bradford is the Hindu Temple and Community Centre on Thornton Lane. There are also smaller house-based mandirs, as shown in the List of Hindu Temples. There is also a prominent Sikh community in Bradford, with six gurudwaras (Sikh places of worship) around the city. The Sikh festival of Vaisakhi (Baisakhi) is also celebrated on 14 April every year, this sees Sikhs from Bradford and the surrounding area travel to each of the gurudwaras in the city in a procession called a nagar kirtan.

There are three gurudwaras in the Leeds Road area of Bradford alone, Gobind Singh Gurudwara, on Gobind Marg, being the largest of these. There is a Ramgharia Gurudwara on Bolton Road and Guru Nanak Gurudwara is on Wakefield Road. Over the years, most of the Jewish population have migrated to Leeds. The Jewish community in Bradford was strong in the middle to late 19th century, and there is a 19th century Reform synagogue in Bowland Street in the Manningham area. This, "The oldest Reform synagogue outside London", was established by German Jews who had moved to Bradford for the wool trade. According to historian Shatman Kadish, "The city of Bradford was unique in that it boasted a Reform synagogue before it acquired an Orthodox one". The district has a tradition of nonconformity which is reflected in the number of chapels erected by Congregationalists, Baptists , Methodists etc. The city was a major centre of the House Church movement in the 1980s, and the Christian charity Christians Against Poverty was founded in the city.

Other house churches in the city include El Shaddai International Christian Centre and the World Outreach Church. Bradford is also home to the Abundant Life Church, a large nonconforming Church, that has around 3,000 members. Two carved stones, probably parts of a Saxon preaching cross, were found on the site of Bradford Cathedral. They indicate that Christians may have worshipped here since Paulinus of York came to the north of England in AD 627 on a mission to convert Northumbria . He preached in Dewsbury and it was from there that Bradford was first evangelised. The vicars of Bradford later paid dues to that parish . Public services There are two major hospitals in Bradford: Bradford Royal Infirmary and St Luke's Hospital, Yorkshire Clinic, Shipley and the Yorkshire Eye Hospital, Greengates. Bradford is the focus of one of the UK's largest ever birth cohort studies, known as Born in Bradford. Partly supported by European funding, it is the result of close collaboration between the University of Bradford, the NHS and other institutions in West Yorkshire.

It will track the lives of all the babies born in the city from 2006 to 2008 and aims to find solutions to some of Bradford's public health problems, such as obesity and a higher than average infant mortality rate . Crime In a 2006 study by the think tank Reform into urban crime rankings, Bradford was ranked the second most dangerous city in England and Wales. The city was shown to have the highest level of gun crime of all the cities surveyed. There have been some high profile shootings in Bradford, such as the death of PC Sharon Beshenivsky, when she responded to a burglary at a travel agents in the city centre. Bradford was shown to have the second highest rate of assaults per 1000 population, as well as the second highest rate of burglary offences, at over double the national average. The city had the fifth highest rate of vehicle crime and rape offences, and the eighth highest murder rate of the 55 cities studied.

Bradford has also witnessed two serious riots in the past 15 years: Manningham Riots The Manningham Riot was a short but intense period of rioting which took place from 10 to 12 June 1995, in the district of Manningham in Bradford. A series of widely publicised riots and racial disturbances have occurred in this part of Bradford since the mid 1990s, which have often been attributed to the segregation that has been identified between the various ethnic groups present in the city. The riot of summer 1995 was limited to a relatively confined area of the city, but was seen as indicative of the circumstances which led to the later and more widespread riot of summer 2001. Bradford Riots The Bradford Riots were a short but intense period of rioting which began on 7 July 2001, in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It occurred as a result of heightened tension between ethnic minority communities and the city's white majority, stoked by confrontation between the Anti-Nazi League and far right groups such as the National Front. Similar race riots had occurred a few days earlier in other parts of northern England.

More than 300 police officers were hurt during the riot. There were 297 arrests in total; 187 people were charged with riot, 45 with violent disorder and 200 jail sentences totalling 604 years were handed down, the most ever handed out for public disturbance by some margin. The last rioter was sentenced six-and-a-half years after the events; the number of convictions for riot was unprecedented in English legal history. In fact, the next highest amount was 5 for an investigation in London. The estimated damage was put at £7 million. The government subsequently commissioned the Cantle report which made 67 recommendations. In 2006 Channel 4 produced a TV fictional drama based loosely on the riots from the perspective of an Asian family. Notable Bradfordians Only a few particularly notable names are listed here. See :Category:People from Bradford for a fuller list The people in this list were either born or brought up in Bradford (not necessarily both), or had a significant connection with the city later in life. Those marked with an asterisk ('*') are described in Lister, 2004.

RDB (Rhythm Dhol Bass) – Punjabi (Indian) Bhangra Group Sir Edward Appleton – discoverer of the ionosphere and Nobel Prize winner The Brontë sisters, Anne, Emily*, and Charlotte* – born in Thornton on the outskirts of Bradford, but later lived in Haworth. Frederick Delius – Composer W.E. Forster MP for Bradford – commemorated by statue, and is the namesake of Forster Square Gareth Gates – singer Joolz Denby – poet and novelist Benjamin and William Jowett - car manufacturers and inventors Samuel Lister – industrialist and inventor , commemorated by a statue Brian Noble - Wigan Warriors Head Coach and former Great Britain Head Coach Richard Oastler – social reformer; statue in Northgate Albert Pierrepoint – Britain's last hangman J. B.

Priestley – writer, commemorated by a statue Michael Rennie – actor Tony Richardson – academy award winning film director and producer Simon Rouse – actor Kimberley Walsh – member of Girls Aloud Richard Whiteley – television presenter Wayne Cooper - professional snooker player James Sammon A.K.A Pianoman - Music Producer and song writer Peter Firth, Actor who appeared in Here Come the Double Deckers Kiki Dee, (born Pauline Matthews), Famous for her duet with Elton John, Don't go breaking my heart. Edward Petherbridge - Television, film and theatre actor. Notably for playing Lord Peter Whimsey in the televised adaptations of Dorothy L Sayer's novels. Timothy West - Actor and President of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art Anthony Price - Fashion designer, working relationships with Roxy Music, Bryan Ferry, David Bowie and Topman Andrew-Lee Potts, actor Sarah-Jane Potts, actress In popular culture In the BBC political satire The Amazing Mrs Pritchard, the Prime Minister considers a proposal to move Parliament to Bradford, as it is closer to the geographic centre of the country than London.

The Buttershaw area of the city featured in the 1986 film Rita, Sue and Bob Too, in which two 16-year-old girls were involved in a love triangle with a wealthy married man (played by George Costigan). The film was created by Andrea Dunbar, who died four years after it was made. It was initially unpopular with local residents due to its negative image of the area, but has since earned itself a good reputation in the local community as Buttershaw's claim to fame. Bradford features in the 1983 film Monty Python's The Meaning of Life with footage filmed in Lister Park. The new Spooks spin-off for BBC Three, Spooks: Code 9 was filmed in Bradford. Bradford is also in the film East is East. Oak Lane is shown in the film when the family go to Bradford to visit Mr.Shahand his family.

Twin towns Bradford's current twin towns and cities are listed at Skopje , Macedonia – twinned 1963 Roubaix, France – twinned 1969 York Guide | BritainVisitor - Travel Guide To Britain A Medieval Metropolis: Sampling the time-honoured treasures of York Daniel Allen Nowhere in the north of England says "medieval" quite like York - those lucky enough to pass through its massive stone walls will experience one of Britain's most impressive cities. Home to over 2000 years of colourful history, not to mention a vibrant arts scene and a public house for every night of the year, York offers an enticing mix of past and present. What's more, it's only two hours by train from London . York Minster, York, England York Attractions With its romantic ambience, quaint cobbled streets , myriad activities and rich culture, York makes the perfect holiday destination for couples, families and groups. While four days is usually enough to see the major sights, those with curiosity and patience benefit most from the city's varied charms. The sights of York have been celebrated for centuries. Sone of the best vantage points are from the city walls, which are the longest and best preserved in England.

The section from Bootham Bar to Monkbar is particularly scenic walk. The Shambles , a narrow street lined with overhanging half-timbered houses, definitely deserves a detour if you're a first-time visitor. York Minster, York, England York Minster York's thirteenth century walls enclose a labyrinth of narrow medieval streets. At the city's heart lies the immense York Minster , one of the largest and most beautiful Gothic cathedrals in the world. The nave, the widest of any medieval cathedral, is simply awe inspiring. There is also a medieval clock that sounds every quarter hour, while the stained glass, choir area, modern seraphim and statuary are all in fantastic condition. If you're with a loved one, be sure to visit the "Heart of Yorkshire" window; legend has it that couples who kiss under the window will stay together forever (although no guarantees are offered). Excellent free guided tours are included in the cost of the admission ticket. The Shambles, York, England The only royal buried in York Minster is the infant son of Edward III, who died in 1337, when the cathedral was already several hundred years old.

Make sure to check out the Quire Screen, which helps support the main tower, as well as separate the choir from the rest of the church. A splendid piece of portraiture, it depicts the 15 kings who reigned during the Norman and medieval construction of the cathedral. For those who enjoy choral singing, evensong at York Minster will be music to their ears. More aural pleasures are also on offer at the Theatre Royal, one of the northern England's most respected playhouses. Famous for its Christmas pantomimes, the theatre's varied programme includes drama, musicals, opera and comedy. York City Walls, York, England York Museums The award-winning Jorvik Viking Centre is meticulous in its reconstruction of medieval York, including the stench. It's a smells-and-all reconstruction of the Viking settlement unearthed here during excavations in the late 1970s, brought to you courtesy of a 'time-car' monorail that transports you through 9th-century Jorvik. In the exhibition at the end of the monorail, look out for the Lloyds Bank Turd, a fossilised human stool that measures an astonishing nine inches long.

The museums in York rank among the most noteworthy in Britain, as you'd expect of a city with such a long and distinguished history. At the Castle Museum, you can find out how everyday life within the famous walls has changed over the centuries. Its centrepiece is Kirkgate, a Victorian street that has been painstakingly reconstructed down to the last brick. Jorvik Viking Centre, York, England York Dungeon is every bit as innovative in bringing history (and some infamous characters) to life. During a whistle-stop voyage through 2,000 years you'll meet figures including Dick Turpin, Guy Fawkes and Viking despot Erik Bloodaxe - all portrayed by a cast of actors, using authentic sets and costumes. You don't need to be a train enthusiast to enjoy a trip to the National Railway Museum , with exhibits including Mallard, holder of the world speed record for steam locomotives, and the UK's best collection of royal carriages. For a totally new perspective on York, take a cruise along the River Ouse with YorkBoat. As well as the panoramic lounge, there's an open-air viewing deck on which to relax and take in the delightful architecture of the city as it glides by.

York's vibrant arts scene brings together the classic and contemporary, celebrating the greats and the up-and-comers alike. The awe-inspiring Orb at York Minster is a treasure house of stained glass, showcasing some of world's most important medieval art. And walk into the beautiful York St. Mary's and you're in for a surprise - this medieval church is now a contemporary visual arts venue, and home of the internationally acclaimed York Early Music Festival. National Railway Museum, York, England York Pubs Legend has it that York has 365 pubs - one for every day (or night) of the year - so beer lovers won't be short of places to stop for a pint. Make a beeline for the Micklegate Quarter, famous for its pubs and bars, or the Riverside, the perfect place for a drink on summer nights. Those looking for live music, you'll catch the big names at York Barbican Centre, or anything from indie to metal at bars like Fibbers or The Basement. Prepare to have your taste buds tickled at York Food and Drink Festival, the UK's biggest culinary festival which takes place in the city every September.

Don't miss the mouth-watering cakes at the world-famous Betty's Tea Rooms, while for a pint with a difference, head to Ye Olde Starre Inne - York's oldest licensed pub - or The Golden Fleece - the most haunted pub in the city. YorkBoat, York, England York Pass Those staying a few days in York might like to consider purchasing a York Pass, a flexible sightseeing pass that includes free entry to 28 visitor attractions - including museums, castles, cathedrals, abbeys, breweries, galleries and tours in or near York. Entrance to some of York's finest showstoppers such as York Minster and the Jorvik Viking Centre are included, as well as lesser-known treasures like York Castle Museum. Choose from a 1, 2, or 3-day pass - all options include an informative York guidebook, discounted entry to attractions in the wider Yorkshire area, and discounts on meals at popular York eateries. Betty's Tea Rooms Access - getting to York York Station, just outside the city walls, is York's main station with trains to Manchester Piccadilly, London King's Cross, Edinburgh , Glasgow, Durham, Inverness and Newcastle .

There are CrossCountry trains to Darlington, Durham, Newcastle Central, Berwick-on-Tweed, Edinburgh Waverley , Glasgow Central, Dundee and Aberdeen. Services south on CrossCountry include trains to Leeds , Wakefield Westgate, Doncaster, Sheffield, Derby, Birmingham New Street, Bristol Temple Meads , Exeter St Davids , Plymouth, Penzance, Reading and Southampton. First TransPennine Express has services to Leeds, Huddersfield, Manchester Piccadilly , Manchester Airport and Liverpool Lime Street as well as Scarborough, Middlesbrough, Darlington, Durham and Newcastle Central. Northern Rail has rail connections to Knaresborough, Harrogate and Leeds, Bradford Interchange, Halifax, Blackburn, Preston, Blackpool North Selby and Hull Paragon as well as infrequent trains to Sheffield. Long distance National Express buses run nationwide from the bus station in Rougier Street, a short walk north of York Station. The York Dungeon, York, UK Photos Wakefield</head> HOME - Land Introduction - The Lands - Wakefield - Wakefield Prison The Parish of Wakefield My Land ancestors were in Wakefield, Yorkshire, England from the 1730s to the 1790s.

Charles Land and his wife, Elizabeth Dunford, moved from Wakefield to Leeds, between 1789 and 1797. Their grandson, John Land, moved from Leeds back to Wakefield, where he lived from at least 1848 to 1853. He was listed at Westgate Common, Alverthorpe with Thornes, at the birth of his daughter, Elizabeth Ann in 1849. In the 1851 census he was listed at 106 Clayton Hill, in the Township of Alverthorpe Cum Thornes. In January 2014 Brian from Wakefield kindly told me: Westgate Common runs from roughly the Westgate end of Ings Road to St Michaels Church, Clayton Hill runs from the end of Lawfield Lane where The Waggon and Horses pub is up the slight rise where it levels out and runs right down to the Park as Lawfield Lane. The first street on the right is Milton St. On the opposite side of the end of Lawfield Lane to the pub is a building with a rounded end recently a bridal wedding shop this was the original Clayton Hospital. Sick people could be cared for there by volunteers.

Wakefield was a town*, a township, a parish, and a district in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The town is on the river Calder, nine miles south/ south/east of Leeds. The parish contained the townships of Horbury, Stanley-with-Wrenthorpe, and Alverthorpe-with Thornes. Note: * May 2011, Richard Lowther informs me that Wakefield became a city in 1888. Wakefield is dated to Roman times and it was listed in the Doomsday Book. The woolen trade was active by the time of Henry VIII (1485-1509). The priciple church, All Saints, was erected in the time of Henry III (1216-1272). However, with repeated repairs and alterations, little of the original 13th century church remains. Lands in Wakefield My ancestor, Charles Land, was baptized in Wakefield in 1767, the son of John Land. He married Elizabeth Dunford in Wakefield in 1787 and at least one son, James, was born in Wakefield in 1789.

The family then moved to Leeds where a second known child, Charles Lewis Land, was born in 1797. Charles Lewis Land married Ann Dinsdell. They lived in Leeds where their son, John, was born in 1818. John Land and his family moved back to Wakefield where they were from circa 1847 to circa 1851. Known addresses for John Land and family in Wakefield were: Botton of Back Lane, 1847 Westcate Common 1849 and 1852 Clayton Hill 1851 These addresses are in close proximity to one another. Wakefield from the south, 1722 Plan of Wakefield 1790 1790 Plan of the City of Wakefield With my designations. The Lands lived in Westgate. Images of England, WAKEFIELD, compiled by John Goodchild Bull Ring, Wakefield The bull ring or Market Place was once an open space where bull bating with dogs once took place.

Bull Ring Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck Not dated Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck Corn Exchange The corn exchange was on upper Westgate Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck Market Cross The Market Cross, Cross Square The Market Cross was built in 1707. According to Walks in Yorkshire; Wakefield and Its Neighbourhood: by William Stott Banks in 1871 stated: "The Market Cross, spoken of in high terms by one of the preceding tourists, we came to think so little of as to its architecture, and found of so little use, that it was pulled down in 1866 to open out Cross Square. " The obit of John Hewitt in the Yorkshire County Magazine, Volumes 1-2 dated 1891 stated: "Mr.

Hewitt, with a few friends, stood in opposition to the pulling down of the Market Cross at Wakefield, when the Corporate Oflicials demolished it for street improvements." Collection of Maggie Land Blanck, copy of old photo bought on eBay 2006 The Pageant of Wakefield and the West Riding, 1933, Collection of Maggie Land Blanck THE MARKET CROSS Cattle Market Collection of Maggie Land Blanck, copy of old photo bought on eBay 2006 Originally held on the streets of Wakefield it was moved to George Street in 1765. In the 1800s it was the biggest cattle market in Northern England. In 1868 the market for cattle was held on Wednesdays and there were livestock fairs July 4 and November 11 for cattle horses and sheep. River Calder and Chantry Bridge The St Mary the Virgin Chantry Chapel was built between 1342 and 1347. Chantries, built by bequests, were established as places where priests prayed for the soul of the deceased. The chapel underwent major renovations in 1848.

St Mary the Virgin Chantry Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck Wakefield River Calder from Chantry Bridge Not posted Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck, June 2011 Original Front of Chantry, Wakefield The original facade of the Chantry is on the grounds of Kettlethrope Hall on the outskirts of the city. It is one a the few remaining examples of medieval bridge chapels. The River Calder and Chantry, Wakefield Posted 1952 Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck The Pageant of Wakefield and the West Riding, 1933, Collection of Maggie Land Blanck WAKEFIELD BRIDGE, drawn by N Whittock, engraved by J Rogers The Chantry with All Saints steeple in the background. The Pageant of Wakefield and the West Riding, 1933, Engraving by J. Walker from a Drawing by W. Turner, 1798, Collection of Maggie Land Blanck WAKEFIELD FROM THE CLADER (Turner) 1798 This images shows the Chantry Bridge and the steeple of All Saints.

In the background is the steeple of St. John's Chruch, which was consecrated in 1795. Northgate The horse drawn wagon is approaching the town center and the church from the north. Postcard from a lithograph by Rev. Thomas Kilby In the mid 1700s the nobility lived in Northgate. All Saints, Wakefield The present church was consecrated in 1329. The tower was build in the 15th century. However, in 1860-1 "the spire of the church was entirely rebuilt and provided with crockets (the immediately preceding spire having been without this feature) and raised to its present height, 247 feet, the tallest in Yorkshire." The City of Wakefield, 1947 Note: A crocket is a decorative element of Gothic architecture. The parish church became a cathedral in 1888 when William Walsham How became the first bishop of Wakefield. All Saints Parish Church Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck. Photograph by John Edwards Approaching the church from the west. Bread Street , 1853. Bread Street was originally called Bread Booths.

The only bakehouse in Wakefield was set up on Bread Street in 1306. Everyone who sold bread had to bake it in the oven in the Bread Street bakehouse. Postcard from a lithograph by Rev. Thomas Kilby 1690 engraving showing the church from the south WAKEFIELD CATHEDRAL Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck All Saints Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck All Saints Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck The enterior of the church, 2002 Despite the modern look of the font, the guide book says it was installed in 1660. Photos by Tom Blanck The church reflected in the glass front of a modern building. Photo by Tom Blanck A punishment for scolds and gossips On a wall of the tower buttress is this chain attached with a bolt. There used to be an iron collar (called a "joug") attached to it. Scolds, gossips, or others sentenced to church discipline in medievel times were subject to having the collar put around their neck.

WAKEFIELD CATHEDRAL Kirkgate "It is interesting to reflect that even at this late date the roads, footpaths and sanitary arrangements were of the most primitive type. Down the center of lower Kirkgate, indeed, from William Street to the bridge, flowed the Skitterick Beck, which was nothing else but an open drain, and it was only in 1771 that the passing of the Wakefield Paving Act provied the citizens with powers to put things in more seemingly condition." The City of Wakefield, 1947 Six Chimneys, Kirkgate Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck Six Chimneys was built in 1566 and collapsed in 1941 due to neglect and alterations in its internal structure. Six Chimneys and Kirkgate Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck Six Chimneys and Kirkgate Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck Printed on the front: "Built about 1520 as a Noblemans Country residence or Hunting Seat. It originally stood in extensive private grounds and had six gables (instead of the three now showing) each with a stone chimney in centre- hence the name Six Chimneys.

Two gables were demolished to make room for adjoining Hotel & the other gable stood at Legh Street end of buliding" The Pageant of Wakefield and the West Riding, 1933, Collection of Maggie Land Blanck THE SIX CHIMNEYS Postcard collection Maggie Land Blanck, June 2011, from a reproduction of a photo bought on ebay. Sandal Castle Ruins Sandal was a medieval fortified castle belonging to the Manor of Wakefield. The Ancient Manor of Wakefield was largely covered in forest. King Edward the Confessor (1003-1066) was the first known Lord of the Manor. After the battle of Hastings in 1066 the property passed to William the Conqueror. Yorkshire men rebelled against William in 1068. In retaliation William and the Normans ravaged the land destroying homesteads, villages and towns. The area was devastated. When the Doomdday Book was compiled 16 years later the value of the Manor of Wakefield was a forth of what it had been in the time of the Confessor.

In 1091 the manor was granted by the king to his nephew, William, 2nd Earl of Warenne and Surrey. The third Earl died in Palestine during the crusades. In 1204 the 6th Earl was granted a charter to hold a fair at the feast of All Saints. In 1258 he obtained an additional charter to hold a fair at the feast of St. John the Baptist. The 8th and last Earl died in 1347 without heir. The Manor of Wakefield reverted to the crown. The Pageant of Wakefield and the West Riding, 1933, Collection of Maggie Land Blanck SANDAL CASTLE NEAR WAKEFIELD Haselden Hall Haselden Hall Wakefield (also called North Gate) was an old "burgage"* house built in Elizabethan times. It was located at the Northern extreme of the city of Wakefield and was the home of the Wentworths and Saviles. "At an old mansion in Northgate, Wakefield, known as Haselden hall, and said to have derived its name from a family which lived in it in the reign of Henry VI. are other memorials of the Saviles.

The date 1584 is frequently repeated on the ceiling, with shields of the arms of Savile, two of them bearing the differences of a crescent and a mullet, being the same as are carved on stone over the ancient gateway of Wakefield Grammar-school" The Herald and Genealogist, Volume 7 edited by John Gough Nichols, 1873 "Haselden Hall is an old building that was chiefly wood, but which has been cut into two parts and re-fronted, whereby its ancient character and picturesqueness have been destroyed. The detached parts still contain memorials of the Saviles. After the death of Thomas Savile, without issue, it passed to Sir William Wentworth, and afterwards to the Lords Strafford, of the second creation, and at the death of the last Earl it went to his sister, Mrs. Hatfield Kaye, of Hatfield Hall, and afterwards by devise to Mr. John Harter, who took the name of Hatfield. Sir William Wentworth, father of the Earl. Sir William married Isabella, daughter of Sir Allan Apsley, Knt.

Treasurer to the household of the Duke of York (afterwards King James II.), by whom he had issue five sons and six daughters. Sir William inherited the greater part of the Savile estates at Wakefield, in right of his mother. "In legal documents of the time," says Mr. Cartwright, " he is usually described as of that town, but it does not appear that he was for any considerable time a resident there, all his family with one notable exception having been born elsewhere. In 1672, his newly acquired estates in Yorkshire had given him such a position in the county that he was chosen to serve the office of High Sheriff; and there is every reason for believing that during his year of office he occupied Stanley Hall, near Wakefield, at the time the property of the Pilkington family. At any rate, his son Thomas was born there, if we may take an assertion of that fact in one of his own letters as true. The parish registers of Wakefield prove Thomas to have been baptized in the old church of that town on September 17th, 1672.

Six months afterwards, that is about the time of the termination of Sir William Wentworth's Shrievalty, and of his election as Member of Parliament for Thirsk, the family moved up to London, where the influence of the Apsleys was sufficient to procure for Lady Wentworth, and for most of her children as they grew up, appointments of more or less value connected with the Court." Worthies, Families, and Celebrities of Barnsley and the District By Joseph Wilkinson, 1883 *Burgage is a mediaval term for a town rental property owned by the king or a lord. Wikipedia Burgage The house no longer stands. Image courtesy of Peter Cockerill, September 2014 - Wakefield Its History & People by JW Walker 1934 Peter writes: "It was bricked up in the early 18th century so the timber appearance was lost - also the east and west wings were pulled down leaving two separate buildings with their gables facing onto Northgate.

The south wing was pulled down later in 20th century and finally the north wing was demolished in 1967." Image courtesy of Peter Cockerill, September 2014 - Wakefield Its History & People by JW Walker 1934 Image courtesy of Simon Booth, December 2015 In December 2105 Simon Booth shared this image of his great, great grant father, John Samuel Booth who was mayor of Wakefield in 1892 and owned Castle Bank Mills. Birth: Circa 1846 to John Booth Morley Blacksmith and his wife Martha.

1851: Windmill Lane, Morley cum Chruwell, John Booth , 45, blacksmith, Martha 45, Mary Ann 19, sress maker, Elizabeth 15, Rebecca 13, Jane 11, Sarah, 9, John Samuel 5, Martha 3, James Brown, 23, journeyman blacksmith, Thomas Booth, 18, apprentice blacksmith 1861: Windmill Lane Morley, John Booth 56, smith and quarry owner, Martha Booth 56, Jane Booth 21, Sarah Booth 19, Martha Booth 13, John S Booth 15, James Wordsworth 18, blacksmith, James Wright 15, blacksmith 1867: Marriage March 7, parish church at Batley, John Samuel booth age 21 bachelor manufacturer, born Morley son of John Booth blacksmith, to Eunice Ann Holroyd 20 spinster, born Morley daughter of John Holroyd farmer.

1871: Belle Isle, Wakefield, John Saml Booth 25, wollen cloth manufacturer employing 44 hands, Eunice Ann Booth 24, John Holroyd Booth 3, Louise Booth 1, Sarah Holroyd 50, mother in law, Annie Hartley 17, servant 1881: Castle Bank House, John S. Booth 35, Cloth Manfr Employing 130 Hands, born Marley (Morley?) Eunice A.

Booth 34, wife, Lois Booth 11, Constance Booth 8, Henry Booth 6, Eveline Booth 4, James Booth 8 months, Sarah Holroyd 60, mother in law, Edith Crowther 28, domestic, Emma Ashton 21, domestic 1891: Castle Bank House, John Samuel Booth 45, cloth manufacturer, born Morley, Eunice A Booth 44 John H Booth 23 Lois Booth 21 Henry Booth 16 Sarah Holroyd 70 Clara Foster 27 1885: John Samuel booth, Wakefield Manufacturer (History of the Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth at Wakefield) 1887: John S., Castle Bank mills, Wakefield, warehouse, Britannia street, and York place (The Commercial Directory and Shippers Guide) 1911: Castle Bank House Wakefield John Samuel Bootle 65, Chairman Of Company, born Morley, Eunice Ann Bootle 64 James Bootle 30 Sarah Glover 69 Mary Andrewartha 25 Jeannie Milward 24 1920: John S

 Booth, Date of Registration: Dec 1920, Age at Death: 75, Registration district: Wakefield, Yorkshire West Riding, Volume: 9c, Page: 69 If you have any suggestions, corrections, information, copies of documents, or photos that you would like to share with this page, please contact me at maggie@maggieblanck.com RETURN TO TOP OF PAGE Please feel free to link to this web page.

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Question: Which cathedra! city of northern England has railway stations called "Westgate" and "Kirkgate"?
Answer: Wakefield