Pope Francis - Photo 7 - Pictures - CBS News Pope Francis Jorge Mario Bergoglio attends his first Mass with cardinals as Pope Francis in the Sistine Chapel, March 14, 2013. Credit: L'Osservatore Romano/Getty Images Jorge Mario Bergoglio attends his first Mass with cardinals as Pope Francis in the Sistine Chapel, March 14, 2013. Credit: L'Osservatore Romano/Getty Images Pope Francis leads a mass at the Sistine Chapel a day after his election, at the Vatican, March 14, 2013. Credit: OSSERVATORE ROMANO/AFP/Getty Images Two nuns watch Pope Francis celebrate mass with the cardinals in the Sistine Chapel, as it is shown on a screen in St Peter's square, March 14, 2013. Credit: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Pope Francis sits on the papal throne in the Sistine Chapel during a Mass with his cardinals, March 14, 2013. He chose not to sit on the throne the previous day, as cardinals paid him homage upon his election.

Credit: Vatican TV Jorge Mario Bergoglio attends his first private Mass as Pope Francis in the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, March 14, 2013 . Credit: Getty Images Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Merchandise depicting the newly elected Pope Francis is sold in a gift shop in Rome, March 14, 2013. Credit: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Argentina's Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio giving a mass outside San Cayetano church in Buenos Aires, Aug. 7, 2009. Bergoglio, who took the name of Pope Francis, was elected on March 13, 2013 the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church.

Credit: AP In this picture taken March 3, 2013, Argentina's cardinal Jorge Bergoglio drinks "mate," a traditional local beverage, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Bergoglio was chosen as Pope on March 13, 2013, the first pope ever from the Americas and the first from outside Europe in more than a millennium. Credit: AP Photo/ DyN Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013.

Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Pope Francis speaks from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Wednesday, March 13, 2013. Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio who chose the name of Francis, is the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia) Credit: Gregorio Borgia Argentine Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio during a mass for Ash Wednesday, opening Lent, the forty-day period of abstinence and deprivation for the Christians, before the Holy Week and Easter, at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Feb. 13, 2013.

Credit: AFP/Getty Images Argentine Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio during a mass for Ash Wednesday, opening Lent, the forty-day period of abstinence and deprivation for the Christians, before the Holy Week and Easter, at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Feb. 13, 2013. Credit: AFP/Getty Images This screengrab from a YouTube video uploaded in 2008 shows then-Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio. According to its author, Bergoglio was washing the feat of drug addicts in Buenos Aires. Credit: YouTube Cardinal Mario Jorge Bergoglio of Argentina smiles during a news conference at the Vatican, Oct. 17, 2003. Credit: AFP/Getty Images Argentine Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio (R) draws the cross on the forehead of a believer during a mass for Ash Wednesday, opening Lent, the forty-day period of abstinence and deprivation for the Christians, before the Holy Week and Easter, at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Feb. 13, 2013.

Credit: AFP/Getty Images Argentina's cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio (R) and Preu's Cardinal Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne attend the special "pro eligendo summo pontifice " (to elect Supreme Pontiff) mass presided over by German Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger at St Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City, April 18, 2005. Credit: AFP/Getty Images Argentine Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio delivers his homily at the church of San Cayetano in Buenos Aires, Aug. 7, 2009. Credit: AFP/Getty Images Profile: Pope Francis - BBC News BBC News Close share panel Media captionA 90-second review of the changes Francis has brought to the papacy Born in Argentina, Pope Francis is the first Latin American - and the first Jesuit - to lead the Roman Catholic Church. Until 13 March, he was Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Buenos Aires.

Analysts did not see him as a favourite for the job of succeeding Benedict XVI, and his advanced age - at 76, he is just two years younger than Benedict at the time of his election in 2005 - may have surprised those expecting a younger man as the 266th Pope. However he appeals to both Church conservatives and reformers, being seen as orthodox on sexual matters, for instance, but liberal on social justice - though far from being a "liberation theologist". Humble lifestyle He was born on 17 December 1936 in Buenos Aires, of Italian descent. According to his official Vatican biography , he was ordained as a Jesuit in 1969 and went on to study in Argentina and Germany. As a young man he had a lung removed because of an infection, but his health is currently said to be good. Who are the Jesuits?

The Society of Jesus is a male order of the Catholic Church, with 19,000 members worldwide It was established in 16th Century Europe as a missionary order, and members swear vows of poverty, chastity and obedience The order became so powerful that it was suppressed at the end of the 18th Century but later restored Jesuits have a reputation as expert communicators He became a bishop in 1992 and Archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998. At the 2005 conclave, he was seen as a contender for the papacy. His election took many by surprise in his home city, where many had thought his age ruled him out, says the BBC's Marcia Carmo in Buenos Aires. But any surprise soon gave way to the jubilant blaring of car horns on the streets. As Cardinal Bergoglio, his sermons always had an impact in Argentina and he often stressed social inclusion, indirectly criticising governments that did not pay attention to those on the margins of society, our correspondent says.

Francesca Ambrogetti, who co-authored a biography of him, told Reuters news agency that part of his public appeal lay in his "sober and austere" humble lifestyle. In Buenos Aires, he lived in a simple flat. When in Rome, he often preferred to keep his black robe on and is also said to have re-used the cardinal's vest used by his predecessor. Image copyright DANIEL GARCIA Image caption From a humble background in Argentina, Jorge Mario Bergoglio has risen to the head of the Roman Catholic Church as Pope Francis. We look at key moments in his life and career so far. Image copyright AP Image caption Jorge Mario Bergoglio was born on 17 December 1936 in Buenos Aires. His father was an Italian immigrant railway worker. He became a Jesuit priest at 32, a decade after losing a lung due to illness and abandoning his chemistry studies. He became a bishop in 1992 and was made Archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998.

Image copyright DANIEL GARCIA Image caption 1970s: Human rights groups have raised questions about his role under the Argentine military dictatorship of 1976-1983 - and particularly about the kidnap of two Jesuit priests. The cardinal's office has always denied his involvement. He told Perfil magazine in 2010 he had helped some dissidents escape the country. Image copyright AFP Image caption 1982: Pope Francis has been a strong supporter of the Argentine veterans of the war in the Falkland Islands - referred to in Argentina as Las Malvinas. He has spoken against attempts to "demalvinizar" or gloss over the history of the war. Image copyright AFP Image caption 2001: The Archbishop of Buenos Aires became a cardinal in 2001, as the Argentine economy was in crisis. Speaking in Buenos Aires as thousands joined rallies against government austerity plans, he highlighted the contrast between the rich and "poor people who are persecuted for demanding work". Image copyright AFP Image caption 2005: Cardinal Bergoglio was seen as a strong contender to become Pope at the 2005 conclave to elect a successor to Pope John Paul II.

He was reported to be the chief rival to Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who was duly elected and became Pope Benedict XVI. Image copyright AFP Image caption 2009: As cardinal and archbishop, he stood out for his humility, living in a modest apartment, rather than his luxury official residence. In his sermons, he often stressed social inclusion and criticised governments which did not help those on society's margins of society, describing poverty in Argentina as "immoral and unjust". Image copyright AFP Image caption 2010: Although Pope Francis is strong on social justice, he is extremely conservative on sexual matters. He voiced staunch opposition to gay marriage when it was legalised in Argentina in 2010. He said: "Let's not be naive: this isn't a simple political fight, it is a destructive attack on God's plan." Image copyright AFP Image caption 2012: Cardinal Bergoglio preferred life outside the bureaucracy of Rome and he criticised those "who clericalise the Church". In a sermon to Argentine priests, he attacked those who would not baptise children of single mothers. "Those who separate the people of God from salvation.

These are today's hypocrites." Image copyright AFP Image caption 2013: Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio was not seen by the media as one of the front-runners to succeed Pope Benedict. But he is now the first non-European Pope for more than 1,000 years and the first from Latin America, home to 40% of the world's Catholics. On the morning after his election, BBC Rome correspondent David Willey reported , the new Pope slipped out of Vatican City in a motorcade of unmarked vehicles to pray in a Roman Basilica. On the way back to the Vatican, he insisted on settling his bill at a hotel for clergy in the centre of the Italian capital, where he had been staying until the Conclave began on Monday. 'Uncompromising' stance Media captionGavin Hewitt looks at the life and work of the new Pope For the Church establishment, it is a novelty to have a Jesuit in charge - members are supposed to avoid ecclesiastical honours and serve the Pope himself. As a Jesuit, he is a member of perhaps the most powerful and experienced religious order of the Catholic Church, who are known as expert communicators, writes David Willey.

It appears that few who know him doubt his conservative credentials. This is how Monsignor Osvaldo Musto, who was at seminary with him, described him in a BBC News article back in 2005: "He's as uncompromising as Pope John Paul II, in terms of the principles of the Church - everything it has defended regarding euthanasia, the death penalty, abortion, the right to life, human rights, celibacy of priests." His views have been put to the test in Argentina, the first Latin American country to legalise same-sex marriage with a President, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, who promotes free contraception and artificial insemination. Pope Francis Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio on 17 December 1936 (age 76) in Buenos Aires, of Italian descent Ordained as a Jesuit in 1969 Studied in Argentina, Chile and Germany Became Cardinal of Buenos Aires in 1998 Seen as orthodox on sexual matters but strong on social justice First Latin American and first Jesuit to become pope, the 266th to lead the Church Said to be a football fan, supporting Buenos Aires team San Lorenzo de Almagro.

When he argued that gay adoptions discriminated against children, the president said his tone harked back to "medieval times and the Inquisition". However she welcomed the election to the papacy of a fellow countryman, noting his choice of name appeared to be "in reference to St Francis of Assisi, the saint of the poor" and boded well for unifying "all humans as equal, with fellowship, with love, with justice and equity". Aside from his universal significance, the former cardinal appears to be a strong Argentine patriot, telling Argentine veterans of the Falklands War at a Mass last year: "We come to pray for all who have fallen, sons of the Homeland who went out to defend their mother, the Homeland, and to reclaim what is theirs." Junta years One subject of controversy is his role under the Argentine military dictatorship of 1976-1983, when he led the country's Jesuits. He was accused of effectively delivering two fellow priests into the hands of the military authorities in 1976 by declining to publicly endorse their social work in the slums of Buenos Aires, which infuriated the junta at the time, the BBC's Vladimir Hernandez reports .

Another accusation levelled against him from the "Dirty War" era is that he failed to follow up a request to help find the baby of a woman kidnapped when five months' pregnant and killed in 1977. It is believed the baby was illegally adopted. Image copyright AP Image caption Jorge Mario Bergoglio as a priest in 1973 The Vatican strenuously denies Pope Francis was guilty of any wrongdoing under the Junta. It has now emerged that in 2011 he took initial steps towards beatifying Argentine priests murdered under military rule. In 1976, Franciscan priests Carlos de Dios Murias and Gabriel Longueville, who was French, were killed after confronting local leaders in the western province of La Rioja. Cardinal Bergoglio approved the beatification cause for both priests and a lay church worker, who was also found dead days later. "Bergoglio signed it and warned us to be discreet, saying that many Argentine bishops, especially older ones, were against causes based on social engagement," the head of the Franciscan order in Argentina and Uruguay, Carlos Trovarelli, told Italian newspaper La Stampa. "Thanks to his caution, the process moved forward," he added.

In a separate case, he also put forward for sainthood five Catholic churchmen who were killed at the St Patrick church in Buenos Aires also in 1976. Adolfo Perez Esquivel, a human rights activist at the time who was jailed and tortured by the regime, told BBC News: "There were some bishops who were in collusion with the military, but Bergoglio is not one of them." During Argentina's economic crisis of 2001, Cardinal Bergoglio protested at police brutality during the unrest which saw President Fernando de la Rua swept from power. "We live in the most unequal part of the world, which has grown the most yet reduced misery the least," he was quoted as saying by the National Catholic Reporter at a gathering of Latin American bishops in 2007. New style Since becoming pope, he has continued to put his concern about economic inequality at the forefront of his message. In Evangelii Gaudium (The Joy of the Gospel) , the first major work he has written since he became Pope, he says "the worship of the ancient golden calf... has returned in a new and ruthless guise in the idolatry of money and the dictatorship of an impersonal economy".

The document also suggests Pope Francis is planning radical reforms to the Vatican bureaucracy, another theme that has gained prominence in his papacy. He has put together a team of eight cardinals from outside the Holy See's administration who will look at ways to reshape the bureaucracy. He has also adopted a markedly less formal tone than his predecessor, underlining his reputation for simplicity and humility. While marking that the core of Catholic doctrine on sexuality is not up for negotiation, he has said the Church has been too focused on enforcing the rules for human behaviour. Speaking to reporters in July, he responded to rumours of a "gay lobby" in the Vatican by denying its existence, but added: "If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge?" And in an unprecedented move, he has ordered a survey to be conducted of lay Catholics' opinions on Church teachings on sexual ethics and family life. Who is Jorge Bergoglio? - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) Who is Jorge Bergoglio?

Updated March 14, 2013 13:57:07 Map: Argentina Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, is known for his conservative stances on homosexuality and contraception, but his views on poverty are considered radical by many Catholics. The first Latin American to be made Pope, and also the first Jesuit to take the office, he is rumoured to have been runner-up to Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict) in the election to succeed Pope John Paul II in 2005. Born in Buenos Aires in December 1936, the son of a railway worker and a housewife, a childhood illness left Francis with only one lung. At a glance: Pope Francis's views What he opposes: Firmly opposed to abortion and euthanasia. Opposed Argentina's government promoting free contraception. Against gay marriage, calling it a "real and dire anthropological throwback". But he says individuals who are homosexual should be respected, not judged. Opposes gay adoption, calling it discrimination against children. His causes: He is a champion of social justice. Deeply concerned about social inequalities in Latin America. He says extreme poverty and economic structures which support this are violations of human rights.

He is not afraid to challenge governments and other powerful interests. Francis, the name the new Pope has chosen, is believed to represent poverty and humility. At the age of 76, he is only slightly younger than Benedict was when he was appointed Pope, aged 78, in 2005. Bergoglio became a priest at 32, nearly a decade after losing a lung due to respiratory illness and quitting his chemistry studies. Despite his late start, he was leading the local Jesuit community within four years, holding the post from 1973 to 1979. He is seen as a champion of social justice in his home country. He in fact gave up the opportunity to live in the Archbishop's palace in Buenos Aires and chose to live in a simple apartment and cook his own meals. In 2001 Bergoglio was made Cardinal by the then-Pope John Paul II. In that same year he took over the Synod of Bishops, a task he carried out to much acclaim. When he was made a cardinal in 2001 he told his followers in Argentina not to travel to Rome but instead give the money to the poor.

In just six years he went from being a priest in a small convent in a province to being Archbishop of Buenos Aires and future Cardinal Primate of Argentina. His career has been meteoric. Bergoglio's biographer Sergio Rubin In a speech he gave last year, which took many in the Church aback, he accused fellow clergymen of hypocrisy for forgetting that Jesus Christ bathed with lepers and ate with prostitutes. He criticised them for refusing to baptise the children of single mothers, praising young women he said who showed courage to carry and give birth to their baby despite their status. Described by his biographer as a balancing force, Bergoglio has monk-like habits and has been media-shy. "His character is in every way that of a moderate. He is absolutely capable of undertaking the necessary renovation without any leaps into the unknown. He would be a balancing force," Francesca Ambrogetti, who co-authored a biography of Bergoglio after carrying out a series of interviews with him over three years, said. "He shares the view that the Church should have a missionary role, that gets out to meet people, that is active... a church that does not so much regulate the faith as promote and facilitate it," she added.

"His lifestyle is sober and austere. That's the way he lives. He travels on the underground, the bus, when he goes to Rome he flies economy class." Who are the Jesuits: The Society of Jesus is a Christian order for men only. Members are sometimes called "God's Marines" because they often live "on the frontiers" - in poverty-like conditions in poor countries. For this reason they have a tradition of not pursuing high office in the Church. Part of their mission is to serve, accompany, work with and advocate for the disadvantaged. The order was founded in 1534 by Spanish knight Ignatius of Loyola after he was wounded in battle and experienced a religious conversion. The Jesuits are made up of about 20,000 members operating in 112 countries. But others dispute the "moderate" tag. The new Pope has been described by some as an unwavering conservative - something that may be of concern for those hoping for reform in the Church. He is a strong opponent of abortion, same-sex marriage and contraception. In 2010 he asserted that gay adoption was a form of discrimination against children, earning himself a rebuke from Argentina's president at the time.

He has also denounced gay marriage as "an attempt to destroy God's plan". It is believed he is very closely aligned to former Pope John Paul II and under a generally conservative theology. That may be something of a return to what Vatican officials felt had been a very successful dynasty. Francis is the first non-European to become Pope since the eighth century, when Syrian-born Gregory III was pontiff. At 76 and three months, he is the eighth-oldest pontiff at the moment of his election to accede to Peter's throne, the oldest of all being Clement X in 1670, who was nearly 80. He is the first pope to choose an original name since John Paul I in 1978, who was the first to do so since Lando, elected in 913. ABC/wires First posted March 14, 2013 06:39:38 Top Stories Argentinia's Bergoglio elected Pope Francis I - Xinhua | English.news.cn Argentinia's Bergoglio elected Pope Francis I • Bergoglio, 77, the archbishop of Buenos Aires, was elected the new pope on Wednesday.

• The name he chose as the new pope was Francis I. • He is the first Jesuit to become pope. Jorge Mario Bergoglio waves on the balcony of the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentine Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 77, the archbishop of Buenos Aires, was elected the new pope on Wednesday during a secret ballot in the cardinals' conclave in Vatican City. (xinhua/Alberto Lingria) ROME, March 13 (Xinhua) -- Argentinian Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 77, the archbishop of Buenos Aires, was elected the new pope on Wednesday on the second day of secrete ballots in the cardinals' conclave held in Vatican City. White smoke out of the chimney on the roof of the Sistine Chapel and the sound of church bells announced at 7:06 p.m. local time (1806 GMT) that Bergoglio was the new pope in front of thousands of believers and international journalists who were waiting for the news in St Peter square. The name he chose as the new pope was Francis I. He is the first Jesuit to become pope.

A member of the Jesuits, and ordained in 1936, after four years as priest Bergoglio became head of all the Jesuits in Argentina. After studying in Germany, he became bishop of Buenos Aires in 1992 and archbishop in 1998. A strong supporter of helping the poor, Bergoglio was made cardinal in 2001. The secret conclave began on Tuesday night with a first ballot and four ballots were held on Wednesday. Francis obtained the required two thirds majority in the fifth ballot. The pope emeritus renounced office at the end of last month after surprising the world by announcing that he no longer had the mental and physical strengths to continue papacy. Related: White smoke seen above Sistine Chapel, signaling election of new pope VATICAN, March 13 (Xinhua) -- White smoke rose on Wednesday from the chimney above the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican City, indicating a new pope has been elected.

The smoke came at 1808 GMT and the great bells of St Peter's basilica began ringing soon after, media reports said, signaling not only that a man has been elected as the new pope, but that he has accepted the role, chosen a name and donned his white vestments. Full story Italian experts believe "energetic" pope will emerge from conclave ROME, March 11 (Xinhua) -- On the eve of the conclave's opening in Vatican City on Tuesday, Italian experts believed that Benedict XVI's successor will be an "energetic" pope able to promote the new role of church in today's world. Although any prediction should be taken cautiously, some names emerged as solid candidates, described as reformers coming out of Benedict XVI's intellectual tradition and what emerged from the recently held informal discussions was that cardinals were looking for "a strong personality, as indicated by Benedict XVI, to promptly face today's needs," philosopher and lay theologist Massimo Cacciari told Xinhua.

Full story Editor: Hou Qiang Breaking News: Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope - INFORMATION NIGERIA Information Nigeria March 13, 2013 Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio has been elected the Roman Catholic Church’s new Pope. The first Latin American to be Pope, he will call himself Francis I. An hour earlier, white smoke billowing from the Sistine Chapel chimney announced to the world that cardinals gathered inside had made their choice. Cardinal Bergoglio replaces Benedict XVI, who resigned last month saying he was not strong enough to lead the Church. The 115 cardinals have been in isolation since Tuesday afternoon, and held four inconclusive votes. At least 77 of them, or two-thirds, would have had to vote for a single candidate for him to be elected Pope. Before the conclave began, there was no clear frontrunner to replace Benedict. Crowds with umbrellas massed in the square flying flags from around the world. The Catholic News Agency said people were running through the streets of Rome, hoping to reach St Peter’s Square in time for the appearance of the new Pope.

A troupe of Swiss Guards in silver helmets and full regalia marched to the Basilica in preparation for the announcement, as military bands played for the onlookers. The new Pope will emerge from the loggia overlooking the square to deliver his first speech. He will have already accepted an invitation to become Pope and the cardinals will have sworn allegiance to him, after which he will have gone to pray alone. Recommended for you Interactive biography: Pope Francis FacebookEmail Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest Interactive biography: Pope Francis Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the 76-year-old cardinal and archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina was named Benedict XVI's successor on Wednesday. Post to Facebook Interactive biography: Pope Francis Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the 76-year-old cardinal and archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina was named Benedict XVI's successor on Wednesday. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: CancelSend A link has been sent to your friend's email address. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed.

70 To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs Interactive biography: Pope Francis Key facts about the new pope Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the 76-year-old cardinal and archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina, was named Benedict XVI's successor on Wednesday. Sponsored by Born: Dec. 17, 1936, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Education: Studied at Theological Faculty of San Miguel. Received licentiate in philosophy. Ordained into the Society of Jesus on Dec. 13, 1969. Languages: Besides his native Spanish, Bergoglio also speaks Italian and German. Rising status Ordained titular bishop of Auca and auxiliary of Buenos Aires on June 27, 1992. Became archbishop of Buenos Aires on Feb. 28, 1998. Received title ordinary for the Eastern-rite faithful in Argentina who lack an ordinary in their own rite on Nov. 30, 1998. 2001-present Proclaimed cardinal by Pope John Paul II on Feb. 21, 2001. Participated in conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI in 2005.

Served as president of the Bishops' Conference of Argentina from November 2005 to November 2011. Other tidbits Interesting facts, comments Reportedly received the second-most votes after Joseph Ratzinger in the 2005 papal election. Despite being Argentina's top church official, Bergoglio never lived in the ornate church mansion in Buenos Aires, preferring a simple bed in a downtown room heated by a small stove. For years, he took public transportation around the city and cooked his own meals. Couldn't prevent Argentina from becoming the first Latin American country to legalize same-sex marriage or stop its president, Cristina Fernandez, from promoting free contraception and artificial insemination. When Bergoglio argued that gay adoptions discriminate against children, Fernandez compared his tone to "medieval times and the Inquisition." Critics accuse him of failing to stand up publicly against the country's military dictatorship from 1976-1983, when victims and their relatives often brought first-hand accounts of torture, death and kidnappings. No Jesuit priest has ever served as pontiff. By Katharine Lackey, USA TODAY USATODAY Published 2:38 p.m.

ET March 10, 2013 | Updated 3:12 p.m. ET March 16, 2013 Pope Francis waves to the crowd from the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica on Wednesday in Vatican City. (Photo: Peter Macdiarmid, Getty Images) Clarification: A previous version of this story incorrectly identified a lung surgery Bergoglio had when he was young. The Vatican clarified the operation removed part of one lung. Birth, education and priesthood Born: Dec. 17, 1936, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Education: Studied at Theological Faculty of San Miguel. Received licentiate in philosophy. Ordained for the Jesuits on Dec. 13, 1969. No Jesuit priest has ever served as pontiff. Languages: Besides his native Spanish, Bergoglio also speaks Italian and German. Becomes a bishop Ordained titular bishop of Auca and auxiliary of Buenos Aires on June 27, 1992. Became archbishop of Buenos Aires on Feb. 28, 1998.

Received title ordinary for the Eastern-rite faithful in Argentina who lack an ordinary in their own rite on Nov. 30, 1998. x Share Argentinean Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, archbishop of Buenos Aires, will be the next pope. Bergoglio, 76, is the first Jesuit and first Latin American pope. Becomes a cardinal Proclaimed cardinal by Pope John Paul II on Feb. 21, 2001. Participated in conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI in 2005. Served as president of the Bishops' Conference of Argentina from November 2005 to November 2011. Reportedly received the second-most votes after Joseph Ratzinger in the 2005 papal election. Interesting facts, comments Bergoglio never lived in the ornate church mansion in Buenos Aires, preferring a simple bed in a downtown room heated by a small stove. For years, he took public transportation around the city.

When Bergoglio argued that gay adoptions discriminate against children, Argentine President Cristina Fernandez compared his tone to "medieval times and the Inquisition." Critics accuse him of failing to stand up publicly against the country's military dictatorship from 1976-1983, when victims and their relatives often brought first-hand accounts of torture, death and kidnappings. Had part of one lung removed when he was young, according to the Vatican. A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. Pope Francis speaks from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican. Luca Bruno, AP Argentine women scream in St. Peter's Square as they listen to the announcement that the newly elected pope is Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio of Argentina. Spencer Platt, Getty Images Argentina's Jorge Bergoglio, elected Pope Francis waves from the window of St. Peter's Basilica's balcony after being elected the 266th pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Vincenzo Pinto, AFP/Getty Images A woman waves a U.S. flag as she celebrates near St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Dan Kitwood, Getty Images Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica.

L'Osservatore Romano via Getty Images The crowd reacts as Pope Francis speaks from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica. Emilio Morenatti, AP Payton Kovanda, Grace Thomas and Becky Barjas, left to right, wait for the televised appearance of Pope Francis while watching with other second-graders at St. Paul Catholic school in Valparaiso, Ind. Andy Lavalley, AP A crowd gathers in St. Peter's Square on the second day of the conclave in Vatican City. Jeff J. Mitchell, Getty Images Pope Francis and some cardinals pray from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica. Luca Bruno, AP Faithful react after the announcement that their Buenos Aires Archbishop Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected Pope Francis, at Metropolitan Cathedral in Buenos Aires. Juan Mabromata, AFP/Getty Images People stand in St. Peter's Square as they listen to newly elected Pope Francis, the former cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina. Spencer Platt, Getty Images Women in Buenos Aires react after hearing on the speakers at the Metropolitan Cathedral that their Archbishop Jorge Mario Bergoglio was chosen as the new pope. Victor R.

Caivano, AP Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica on March 13 in Vatican City. Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th pontiff, the first from the Americas. Peter Macdiarmid, Getty Images Pope Francis addresses the crowd after the announcement from the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica. Peter Macdiarmid, Getty Images White smoke, a sign that cardinals have elected a new pope, emerges from the chimney on the roof of the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican. Gregorio Borgia, AP Thousands of people cheer as white smoke rises from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel. Alberto Pilozzi, AFP/Getty Images White smoke billows from the chimney. Jeff J. Mitchell, Getty Images Crowds cheer as white smoke appears from a chimney on the Sistine Chapel. Dmitry Lovetsky, AP People on St. Peter's Square watch as white smoke rises from the chimney on the Sistine Chapel. Tiziana Fabi, AFP/Getty Images People celebrate the selection of a new pope on St. Peter's Square. Filippo Monteforte, AFP/Getty Images Women celebrate the selection of a new pope.

Dmitry Lovetsky, AP White smoke billows from the chimney on the roof of the Sistine Chapel. The 115 voting cardinals took five votes over two days to reach their decision, which required a two-thirds majority. Peter Macdiarmid, Getty Images Fullscreen Black smoke billows from a chimney on the roof of the Sistine Chapel after the College of Cardinals failed to elect a new pope during morning voting in Vatican City. A conclave of cardinals is choosing a successor to Pope Benedict XVI, who stepped down as leader of the Roman Catholic Church. Dan Kitwood, Getty Images Fullscreen Nuns wait for the chimney smoke in St. Peter's Square on the second day of the conclave to elect a new pope. Seventy-seven of the 115 cardinals must write down the same name to elect one of their members as the 266th pontiff. Oded Balilty, AP People shelter under umbrellas while they wait in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City. Franco Origlia, Getty Images A woman holds a rosary as she watches a chimney. White smoke will signal that a decision has been made.

Johannes Eisele, AFP/Getty Images A woman looks at a chimney as she waits for a release of smoke. Alberto Pizzoli, AFP/Getty Images Black smoke billows from the chimney on the roof of the Sistine Chapel, indicating that no decision has been reached during balloting on the second day of voting. Peter Macdiarmid, Getty Images People react to a release of black smoke at St Peter's Square. Johannes Eisele, AFP/Getty Images A woman holds a rosary and prays. Oded Balilty, AP A woman prays as she waits for a release of smoke at the Vatican. Gabriel Bouys, AFP/Getty Images Nuns pray on St. Peter's Square on March 13. Gabriel Bouys, AFP/Getty Images Like this topic?

You may also like these photo galleries: Replay Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope - The Election of the Pope - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope Updated March 14, 2013 14:16:14 Sorry, this video has expired Map: Holy See (Vatican City State) The Roman Catholic Church has elected its first Latin American Pope, with Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elevated to the papacy as Pope Francis. Bergoglio, a 76-year-old Jesuit from Buenos Aires, was elected this morning on the second day of a secret papal conclave in Rome's Sistine Chapel. White smoke began pouring from the Sistine Chapel's chimney early this morning to announce the cardinals' decision, sparking cheers and prayers of joy from the tens of thousands looking on. A former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Francis is the first Jesuit to be made Pope and the first non-European Pope since the eighth century. He has a reputation as a champion of the poor, and recently accused fellow clergymen of hypocrisy for forgetting that Jesus Christ bathed with lepers and ate with prostitutes.

The man elected to lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics comes to power after Benedict XVI abdicated last month. Here's how the story developed this morning. All times AEDT: 12:18pm: ABC Religion editor Scott Stephens has told ABC News 24 that the choice of the new Pope came as a shock to many in the Catholic Church. "I don't know anybody that expected Pope Francis. "There were a very clear series of frontrunners, there was nobody that had the moral and spiritual authority of someone like Joseph Ratzinger from 2005. "Jorge Mario Bergoglio was a serious contender in 2005. He was very much known as someone of a very sort of serious intellect, a very deep spirituality, but one of the things that surrounded him at that stage was the idea that while he was what we would maybe call a safe pair of hands, he wasn't exactly remarkable. He wasn't exactly inspiring." Stephens said the new Pope Francis defied attempts to categorise him.

"He's a Jesuit but, you see, when one begins talking in those terms, we think about him as a Jesuit, or is he part of Europe or is he outside of Europe, you kind of begin feeling this guy really defies just about every category we're used to think about papal candidates in terms of." Sorry, this video has expired Video: Francis not a 'clear frontrunner': Stephens (ABC News) 11:24am: The head of the Jesuit mission in Australia, Father Steve Curtin, has told ABC News 24 he expects the new Pope, who has a reputation as a champion of social justice, to be "very close to the people". "I expect his style will be very pastoral, very close to the people. The other feature of his time as Archbishop of Buenos Aires has been his love for the poor, his thirst for social justice, and his desire to uphold the dignity of all people. I think those will be marks of his pontificate.

"I think we can expect him to be very compassionate but I think naturally we will expect him to uphold the traditional teaching of the church in those areas [gay marriage and abortion]." Sorry, this video has expired Video: Father Steve Curtin speaks to ABC News 24 (ABC News) 11:09am: Photo gallery: Jorge Mario Bergoglio before he was Pope. Gallery: Life in pictures: Pope Francis 10:50am: As already mentioned, the new pontiff's proper title is Pope Francis, not Pope Francis I. The first pope to add "the first" to his name was Cardinal Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I in 1978. Cardinal Bergoglio's decision to become the first pope ever to go by the name Francis is seen as highly significant. The moniker draws on the legacy of St Francis of Assisi, the 13th-century founder of the Franciscan Order and a symbol of asceticism. But some of the quirkier papal names from history have proved unpopular. Among those that have never been used more than once are Simplicius and Hilarius.

10:30am: Here's our photo gallery of this morning's events in Rome. Gallery: In pictures: The papal conclave 10:20am: Elated Catholics across Latin America are celebrating Pope Francis's appointment. Jubilant Argentinians have poured into churches to celebrate one of their own becoming Pope . Meanwhile in Venezuela, the country's acting president says late leader Hugo Chavez, who died last week, may have influenced Jesus in the decision to opt for a Latin American Pope. "Something influenced the choice of a South American Pope, someone new arrived at Christ's side and said to him: 'Well, it seems to us South America's time has come'," Nicolas Maduro said. You can read more on that here . 10:01am: The new Pope is known for his conservative stances on homosexuality and contraception, but his views on poverty are considered radical by many Catholics. So do you think the Catholic Church has made the right decision? Go here to leave a comment and join the debate . 9:49am: Human rights lawyer and prominent Jesuit priest Frank Brennan discusses what it will mean to have a Jesuit in the Vatican. Listen to the interview .

9:31am: PM Julia Gillard has issued a statement offering her congratulations to the world's Catholics: The election of a Pope from the "new world" is an occasion of genuinely historic proportions. Today is an exciting day for Australian Catholics and perhaps especially for Australians of Argentinian descent. My thoughts are with them all. 8:51am: Papal minutiae time: The Vatican says the new pontiff will be known as Pope Francis, not Pope Francis I. He'll get the Roman numeral if and when a Pope Francis II comes along. 8:49am: Acting Catholic Archbishop of Sydney Julian Porteous says he believes the new Pope will lead strongly in the traditions of his immediate two predecessors: "He's a man who has a solid grounding and a great respect for the tradition of the church. "So he'll bring that to the papacy.

But I think he'll also bring a freshness and vitality perhaps, coming out of the church in South America, that may be very important for the church at this moment in its history." 8:42am: Joe Mirabella, the campaign director for US-based gay rights organisation All Out, had hoped for a more liberal Pope: "I along with fellow Catholics around the world hoped the Church was ready to send a signal that they were ready to stop attacking our families. "Sadly, with the election of Jorge Bergoglio the church has demonstrated they remain out of touch with the flock. LGBT people and our allies are not likely to find a friend in Pope Francis I." 8:32am: Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby, leader of the world's Anglicans, has wished "every blessing" to the newly-elected Pope. Argentine president Cristina Kirchner has hailed the election of her countryman, wishing him great success: "We wish him, as he takes the reins of the Church, a fruitful pastoral mission, with such tremendous responsibility on his shoulders, seeking justice, equality, brotherhood, and peace among mankind.

Correspondent Lisa Millar has told ABC News 24 the mood is "incredible" in St Peter's Square: "You can't help but be affected by it. People were singing hymns and prayers. They had signs, placards, flags that they were waving. "When you can imagine that crowd expecting yet again some more black smoke, when it started turning white, they just went wild. They started running to the front and then they came from all the streets surrounding the square throughout Rome. "They were just running down and climbing over fences, throwing themselves in before the police were going to shut it it off because it just became too crowded. They filled that square within minutes." At a glance: Pope Francis's views What he opposes: He is a champion of social justice. Deeply concerned about social inequalities in Latin America. He says extreme poverty and economic structures which support this are violations of human rights. He is not afraid to challenge governments and other powerful interests. Francis, the name the new Pope has chosen, is believed to represent poverty and humility. 8:21am: Australia's first Jesuit bishop says he is surprised by the appointment of the first Jesuit Pope.

Bishop of Port Pirie in South Australia, Greg O'Kelly, says the Jesuits' founder Saint Ignatius of Loyola never set out for his order to occupy high office: "It's something really not in any of the traditions of the order. "Ignatius didn't even want his men to be bishops. "And I'm sure the new Holy Father must be thinking exactly the same way - the humility of having to accept an office that in no way he would have aspired to." 8:12am: Professor Anne Hunt, the executive dean of theology at the Australian Catholic University, has told ABC News Breakfast the choice of the name Francis is "highly significant": "All the more significant in that he is a Jesuit. He has chosen Francis, so signalling Francis of Assisi. "When Francis died people called him the Little Christ, so Christ-like was he in his commitment to poverty, and the fundamental gospel values.

"So I think that in choosing this name, Pope Francis I is saying I'm going to be committed to the poor, I am going to be committed to the fundamental gospel values, to a life of poverty, of detachment of possessions." 8:05am: Archbishop of Melbourne Denis Hart, the head of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference, has told ABC News Breakfast the new Pope has a "wonderful record": "What's really notable about his appearance on the balcony was his engagement with people. "He immediately said good evening then invited people to pray with him, and for him, before he gave his blessing. "I think the simplicity, the engagement with people is typical of what we know of his past life. As Archbishop he lived on his own, sometimes cooked his own meals, sometimes went round on public transport." Archbishop Hart says he was not surprised by the speed of the conclave: "I think there is a certain urgency, because Easter is almost upon us.

"Perhaps in one sense the cardinals had someone whom they knew and respected." Sorry, this video has expired Video: Archbishop of Melbourne speaks to ABC News Breakfast (ABC News) 8:00am: The new Pope delivered his first blessing to the world about an hour after his election. "You know that the duty of the conclave was to give a bishop to Rome. It seems that my brother cardinals went almost to the end of the world to get him. But here we are," he said. 7:55am: Some facts about the new Pope. Born in 1936 in Buenos Aires, his father was a railway worker. First Latin American Pope and also the first Jesuit to hold the office. Has only one lung after losing the other to infection. Analysts say his choice of Francis as his papal name is a nod to St Francis of Assisi. Lifestyle described as "sober and austere". Believed to be closely aligned to the legacy of former Pope John Paul II under a generally conservative theology. Rumoured to have been runner-up behind Joseph Ratzinger in the election to replace John Paul II in 2005.

7:44am: Pope Francis called his predecessor Benedict and is planning to meet him, Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi says. Lombardi also said the new Pope would deliver his first Angelus prayer in St Peter's Square this Sunday. 7:37am: Pope Francis is 76. Benedict was 78 when he was elected pontiff. His predecessor John Paul II, regarded as perhaps the most successful modern Pope, was 58. 7:33am: The Vatican has announced that Pope Francis' first Mass will be held on March 19 - next Tuesday. 7:31am: Francis is the first Pope from the Americas, and US president Barack Obama has offered his congratulations. In a statement Mr Obama offered his "warm wishes" to the new Pope and said the choice to elect a Latin American pontiff "speaks to the strength and vitality" of an increasingly important region. "As the first Pope from the Americas, his selection also speaks to the strength and vitality of a region that is increasingly shaping our world, and alongside millions of Hispanic Americans, those of us in the United States share the joy of this historic day," Mr Obama said.

Around 40 worshippers have gathered at Sydney's St Mary's Cathedral on hearing the news of the new Pope. The Vatican says the new Pope has telephoned Pope Benedict and will visit him soon. 7:24am: The papal @pontifex Twitter account has posted: HABEMUS PAPAM FRANCISCUM 7:16am: Look back on Jorge Mario Bergoglio's first public address as Pope Francis: Sorry, this video has expired Video: Argentinean Jorge Mario Bergoglio - Pope Francis - addresses the faithful (ABC News) 7:15am: Catholic worshippers erupted in applause on Wednesday (local time) at the cathedral in Buenos Aires upon news that the former Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina had been elected Pope Francis I. Around 200 somewhat surprised worshippers gave the new pontiff a standing ovation after the announcement, as crowds and media descended on the cathedral, which is located on the historic Plaza de Mayo. 7:08am: Auxiliary bishop Julian Porteous, who is the acting Archbishop of Sydney in Cardinal George Pell's absence, says Pope Francis will bring "vitality" to the church.

"I think it is very significant that it is a pope from South America. It's also recognising that we can now say the centre of the Catholic Church moved to places like South America," he said. "I think he will also bring a fresh and some vitality; perhaps coming out of the Church of South America that may be very important for the Church in its history." 7:02am: Look back on the moment Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran announced Jorge Bergoglio as Pope. Sorry, this video has expired Video: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran announces the new pope (ABC News) 6:55am: Cardinal Bergoglio was born in Buenos Aires in 1936 so is aged 76. His name had been mentioned in the lead-up to the papal conclave by those who thought he may be an alternative to front-running candidate, Archbishop of Milan Cardinal Angelo Scola. He worked in provincial Argentina up until 1979 and was rector of the philosophical and theological faculty of San Miguel from 1980 to 1986. Who is Jorge Bergoglio?

6:49am: Ecumenical advisor Dr Harry Hagopian tells News 24 that the election of Pope Francis is a surprise for most Vatican watchers. "What I think is interesting is that this man, although he was born and grew up in Argentina, he hails from a family who came from Italy," he said "So in a sense it's almost like a vote for Europe and Italy as well. "I have mixed feelings - on the one hand he is old. He is 76 years old. So he is no spring chicken. "Therefore, does this mean that he is going to follow in the tradition of Benedict XVI and resign? Are we establishing a precedent of retirement and resignation from the papacy?" 6:46am: Tim Fischer, who was the Ambassador to the Holy See for a number of years, told News 24 Pope Francis will bring about change. "A Latin American pontiff, someone a long way from Rome and a Jesuit to boot, that spells conservative approach maybe but change, and change where it's needed on the financial administration of the Vatican and the clergy sexual abuse issue and others," he said. 6:45am: Pope Francis opposes gay marriage, abortion, and euthanasia.

6:40am: In his final message to the crowd before returning inside, Pope Francis bids the crowd "good night and have a good rest". 6:36am: Pope Francis is the church's first Latin American pontiff. He is also the first Jesuit. 6:34am: Pope Francis becomes the 266th pontiff in the Church's 2,000-year history at a time of great crisis and difficulty. Although a conservative he is seen as a reformer and was not among the small group of frontrunners identified before the election. 6:31am: In one of his first messages to the 1.2 billion Catholics worldwide, Pope Francis says "the world should set off on a path of love and fraternity". He asks the faithful to pray to God for him. 6:30am: French cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran made the announcement from the balcony of St Peter's Basilica. Pope Francis, 76, was believed to be the runner-up to Benedict XVI at the last conclave in 2005. 6:28am: Pope Francis thanks Benedict XVI for his work for the church.

6:25am: Pope Francis is now addressing the crowd, praying with those around him. He says "it seems my brother cardinals went to the end of the world to find a new pope". 6:22am: Pope Francis I makes his first appearance as pontiff - the crowd in St Peter's Square goes wild. 6:14am: The new pope is Argentinean cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio and will take the name Francis. 6:11am: The pope's official Twitter account @pontifex has been reactivated - will the account's 1.6 million followers be the first to find out who the new pope is? 6:05am: Thousands cheer as anticipation builds in St Peters Square with the papal appearance imminent. 6:02am: Tens of thousands of Catholic faithful were waiting in wet conditions in St Peter's Square. Photo: Faithful cheer as white smoke rises from the chimney above the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. (Reuters: Tony Gentile) 5:40am: The fact the successful candidate was elected after just 24 hours suggests that one of the front runners was selected.

Brazil's Odilo Scherer, Canada's Marc Ouellet and Italy's Angelo Scola - all conservatives similar to Benedict in outlook, but different in style - were the three favourites but papal elections are notoriously difficult to predict. Other possible candidates include Peter Turkson from Ghana, Luis Antonio Tagle from the Philippines and Timothy Dolan from the United States. 5:20am: The successful candidate will now be in a "Room of Tears" next to the Sistine Chapel, where he will don his papal vestments and then pray in the Pauline Chapel before speaking on St Peter's Square. 5:08am: Smoke billows from the chimney atop St Peter's Basilica, indicating the papal conclave has elected a new pope. ABC/wires First posted March 14, 2013 05:11:32 How is the new pope chosen? Readings: The Real Bergoglio | America Magazine Readings: The Real Bergoglio Raymond A.

Schroth | Aug 27 2013 - 4:14pm | 9 comments At last a book has put both Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J., and Pope Francis in context, and explained the mystery of this man who seems to have come from nowhere to lead the Catholic Church at a critical time. I say “from nowhere” because few Americans know our neighbors well. The reported dark years during Argentina’s Dirty War, when the local Catholic hierarchy declined to publicly oppose a brutal military leadership, have raised questions about our new pope who, according to reports, alienated many members of the Society of Jesus when he served as novice master and provincial. Paul Vallely, a respected writer on religious, ethical and social issues for both The Independent and The Tablet, traveled to Argentina and Rome to research Pope Francis: Untying the Knots (Bloomsbury) and offer an honest portrait. We meet a man who did, yes, make decisions of which he is today ashamed, and who has emerged from his own dark period a new person.

Jorge Bergoglio joined the Jesuits in 1958, was ordained in 1969, named novice master in 1971 and provincial for 1973 to 1979. During that time Argentina was ruled mainly by the military, a dictator, Juan Peron, and the military junta again from 1976 to 1983. In the period known as the Dirty War (1976-1981), tens of thousands of citizens, including 150 Catholic priests, were killed simply for being suspected of Marxist leanings. They were “disappeared,” often flown over the Atlantic and dumped from the plane into the ocean. Over 500 pregnant women were held prisoners until their babies were born. The state gave the babies to “good” (pro-junta) Catholic families and killed the mothers. As provincial, says the author, Bergoglio did not support changes made by Vatican II, banned books by Jesuits sympathetic to liberation theology, replaced new songs with old Latin hymns at Mass and opposed Decree Four on social justice at the 32nd General Congregation of the Society of Jesus.

The most controversial incident concerns two older Jesuit priests, Orlando Yorio and Franz Jalics, who had been Bergoglio’s theology and philosophy professors during his Jesuit training, and later insisted on living with the poor in a small community. Bergoglio ordered them to leave the shanty town and, when they refused, expelled them from the Jesuits. The government kidnapped and tortured them for five months, then dumped them naked on the road. Bergoglio made several efforts to have them released, but one of the priests remained convinced for years that the provincial had turned them in. Vallely concludes that Bergoglio secretly did much to protect victims from the junta, but he felt he could not speak out because he had seen priests and bishops killed for doing so. His job, he felt, was to protect his Jesuits, and he took comfort in the fact that all of them made it through the period alive. Unfortunately the majority of the Argentinian hierarchy seemed comfortable with the junta. Vallely meticulously assesses his subject fairly, and concludes that Bergoglio, in his 30s, was too young for that level of responsibility and lacked the experience to deal with the two zealous older men.

In fact, Bergoglio himself came to agree with this, writes Vallely. There does not seem to have been a “Damascus moment,” like St. Paul’s conversion, to explain Bergoglio’s change of heart. Having lost the confidence of his fellow Jesuits who complained about him to Jesuit headquarters in Rome, and after some years as a college rector and teacher, Bergoglio in 1990 was sent away to Cordoba, Argentina, for two years to work on a doctoral dissertation. We learn little of those years, but Bergoglio indicates in a later interview how he spent them when he says, “I had to learn from my errors along the way…I had made hundreds of errors. Errors and sins.” He became convinced he needed forgiveness, and doubtless he turned to the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius to turn his life around. In 1992 Bergoglio was named auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires and then archbishop in 1998. He soon demonstrated a genius for administration marked by humility and concern for the poor.

He walked the streets of the slums, which he ordered Jalics and Yorio to abandon in 1976, as if this was his home. His commitment to the poor was not simple charity. When in 2001 Argentina’s economic crisis struck and austerity fell most heavily on the poorest people, Bergoglio called upon liberation theology’s critique of “unbridled capitalism” which fragments social and economic life. An unjust distribution of goods, he said, creates a “social sin.” When a well-dressed stranger threatened a zealous young priest, “Padre Pepe,” to tone down his anti-drug rhetoric or be killed, Bergoglio told the priest that if anyone should be killed it should be himself. The bishop spent the next day in the slum listening to, chatting and drinking tea with the people. The third day he held an outdoor Mass in the Plaza de Mayo and tipped off the media he had something to say: a bold denunciation of the drug sellers and their death threats. With no secretary he took all phone calls himself. The man who had been so certain of self and domineering with Jesuits learned to listen, and consultation became the backbone of his administrative style.

All this of course made two new groups of enemies for Bergoglio: the government whose economic policies were hurting the people and the bishops allied with Opus Dei and most closely associated with the military during the Dirty War. This group spread slanderous gossip to undermine his candidacy during the papal conclave in 2005. During the election in 2013 it was Bergoglio’s three and a half minute speech (he was allowed five minutes) in which he warned his brother cardinals that the church was suffering from “theological narcissism,” which Henri de Lubac, S.J., called “spiritual worldliness,” that convinced the delegates that this was the man to lead them. The title “untying the knots” refers to a painting in Augsburg which Bergoglio admired. It shows the Virgin Mary untangling a ribbon with the help of angels. This is just the beginning of the story of this man’s second life. Perhaps he saw this ribbon as his life. The first life will never disappear. He was reconciled with Father Jalics some years ago: they threw themselves weeping into one another’s arms.

Now in every Jesuit residence hangs a photo of Pope Francis and Adolfo Nicolas, S.J., the head Jesuit in Rome, joyfully embracing one another. But in the evening in Rome he sits alone, makes and takes phone calls, listens to classical music and prays. Chapters of a life never close; they are absorbed into life as it progresses, feeding one’s humility and courage. Raymond A. Schroth, S.J., is literary editor of America. (Photo credit: Catholic News Service/courtesy of Maria Elena Bergoglio via Reuters) Argentina's Bergoglio Elected Pope Francis I Argentina's Bergoglio Elected Pope Francis I 2013-03-14 02:26:55 Xinhua Web Editor: Fu Yu Jorge Mario Bergoglio waves on the balcony of the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentine Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 77, the archbishop of Buenos Aires, was elected the new pope on Wednesday during a secret ballot in the cardinals' conclave in Vatican City.

[Photo: Xinhua/Alberto Lingria] Argentinian Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 77, the archbishop of Buenos Aires, was elected the new pope on Wednesday on the second day of secrete ballots in the cardinals' conclave held in Vatican City. White smoke out of the chimney on the roof of the Sistine Chapel and the sound of church bells announced at 7:06 p.m. local time (1806 GMT) that Bergoglio was the new pope in front of thousands of believers and international journalists who were waiting for the news in St Peter square. The name he chose as the new pope was Francis I. He is the first Jesuit to become pope. A member of the Jesuits, and ordained in 1936, after four years as priest Bergoglio became head of all the Jesuits in Argentina. After studying in Germany, he became bishop of Buenos Aires in 1992 and archbishop in 1998. A strong supporter of helping the poor, Bergoglio was made cardinal in 2001. The secret conclave began on Tuesday night with a first ballot and four ballots were held on Wednesday.

Francis obtained the required two thirds majority in the fifth ballot. The pope emeritus renounced office at the end of last month after surprising the world by announcing that he no longer had the mental and physical strengths to continue papacy.

Question: Argentinian Jorge Mario Bergoglio made the news in 2013 as a?
Answer: Pope