Johns Hopkins Gazette | July 6, 2004 The newspaper of The Johns Hopkins University July 6, 2004 | Vol. 33 No. 39 Wilmer's Arnall Patz Receives Presidential Medal of Freedom By John Lazarou Johns Hopkins Medicine Arnall Patz, director emeritus of the Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute and winner of a Lasker Award for his discovery of a treatment for a disease that once was the most common cause of childhood blindness, was one of 12 recipients given this year's Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush during a special ceremony held June 23 at the White House. Patz was honored for his lifetime contributions to ophthalmology, which include development of one of the first argon lasers used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, and the elimination of a leading cause of blindness in premature babies. "We are enormously proud to have the extraordinary contributions of one of our own so magnificently recognized," said Edward D. Miller, dean of faculty of the School of Medicine and CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine. "Patz's influence in ophthalmology as a clinician, researcher and mentor is powerful and long-lasting.

He has graced the school and hospital for almost 50 years, and we are so pleased for him." The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the nation's highest civilian honor. First established by President Truman in 1945 to recognize civilians for their service during World War II, it was reinstated by President Kennedy in 1963 to honor individuals who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States or to world peace or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors." "I am delighted to receive this medal," Patz said. "And I am extremely pleased that this award will bring focus and attention to the value and importance of work in preserving the sight of patients and to ophthalmology's important role in medicine." Early in his medical career, Patz was credited with discovering the cause of and treatment for retrolental fibroplasia, an abnormal overgrowth of blood vessels in the eye causing irreparable damage to the retina in premature infants. Known today as retinopathy of prematurity in newborns, during the 1950s this condition was the most common cause of childhood blindness. The condition was caused by giving high levels of oxygen to oxygen-needy premature infants.

Despite fierce resistance from the medical establishment, Patz scientifically proved the link between exposure to high levels of oxygen and blindness and effectively ended the problem by suggesting ways to shield the infants' eyes during oxygen therapy. The vision of countless infants was saved. For his work, he was awarded in 1956 the Albert Lasker Medical Research Award, sometimes dubbed the "American Nobel." The Lasker Award recognizes scientists, physicians and public servants whose accomplishments have made major advances in the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and cure of many of the great cripplers and killers of our century. "Dr. Patz will always be considered, by his peers and those throughout our profession, as a man who contributed so critically to preserving sight," said Peter J. McDonnell, current director of the Wilmer Eye Institute. "As a member of the faculty of Wilmer for the last 50 years, his inspiration and leadership to fellow professionals, along with his guidance and encouragement to all of our medical students, make us fortunate to know him." Following his work on ROP, Patz studied ways to stop the leaking and overgrowth of blood vessels in the retina, a condition associated with many diseases of the eye.

Recognizing the potential of lasers to seal the leaking and stop the overgrowth of these blood vessels, Patz developed the argon laser with the help of colleagues at Johns Hopkins' Applied Physics Laboratory. Their work paved the way for treatment of many degenerative eye conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and retinal tearing. Patz joined the Johns Hopkins faculty in 1970 and founded its Retinal Vascular Center. From 1979 to 1989, he served as the fourth director of the Wilmer Eye Institute, continuing to build its reputation as the world's foremost eye care and research center. Morton F. Goldberg, who followed Patz as director of the Wilmer Eye Institute, said he feels this award exemplifies Patz's work and contributions to the field of ophthalmology. "He is an exceptional colleague and friend who I consider one of the greatest ophthalmologists and greatest human beings in modern medicine," Goldberg said.

"It was his passion that made him a great researcher, clinician and most importantly a mentor to all of us who learned and worked with him." In 1994, Patz was awarded the first Helen Keller Prize for Vision Research and has received many other distinguished ophthalmology awards, including the Friedenwald Research Award in 1980, the inaugural Isaac C. Michaelson Medal in 1986 and the 2001 Pisart International Vision Award from the Lighthouse International. Patz, a native of Elberton, Ga., graduated from the Emory University School of Medicine in 1945. At age 78, he earned a master of liberal arts degree from Johns Hopkins. In 2001, in recognition of his contributions to scientific endeavor and to the Johns Hopkins community, the university conferred upon him an honorary doctorate. Other Johns Hopkins faculty who have received the Presidential Medal of Freedom are pediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig (1964) and public health expert D.A. Henderson (2002). GO TO JULY 6, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS. GO TO THE GAZETTE FRONT PAGE.

The Gazette | The Johns Hopkins University | Suite 540 | 901 S. Bond St. | Baltimore, MD 21231 | 443-287-9900 | gazette@jhu.edu Arnall Patz - 必应 Sign in Arnall Patz Arnall Patz (June 14, 1920 – March 11, 2010) was an American medical doctor and research professor at Johns Hopkins University. In the early 1950s, Patz discovered that oxygen therapy was the cause of an epidemic of blindness among some 10,000 premature babies. Following his discovery, there was a sixty percent reduction in childhood blindness in the United States. He also conducted pioneering research in the 1960s into the use of lasers in the treatment of retinal disorders. He received the Lasker Award in 1956 for his resea ... (展开) rch into the causes and prevention of blindness and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2004 for his lifetime of work in the field of ophthalmology.

Arnall Patz (June 14, 1920 – March 11, 2010) was an American medical doctor and research professor at Johns Hopkins University. In the early 1950s, Patz discovered ... 2016-10-17 SYM60 Arnall Patz Lecture 导视 频道精选 剧集 电影 综艺 音乐 少儿 动漫 直播 片库 全网独播 拜拜啦肉肉 美女与极品 好笑头条君 欢喜密探 产品大全 自频道 ... v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTc2MzkwMzkwOA==.html Arnall Patz, (born June 14, 1920, Elberton, Ga.—died March 11, 2010, Pikesville, Md.), American ophthalmologist who discovered the leading cause of blindness in ...

Arnall Patz was born June 14, 1920, in rural Elberton, Ga., the youngest of seven siblings and the grandson of Jewish immigrants from Lithuania. Arnall Patz, MD Inducted 2006. By Dean and Naomi Tuttle. Dr. Arnall Patz (1920-2010) was born in rural Georgia. After completing his undergraduate degree at Emory ... Arnall Patz, MD: Physician, Scientist, and Humanitarian | Diabetic Retinopathy | JAMA Ophthalmology | The JAMA Network Multimedia In June 2004, Arnall Patz, MD, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom award from President George W. Bush. It is, therefore, a pleasure to reflect on the remarkable career of Dr Patz. Through word and deed, he has distinguished himself as a world-renowned scientist, clinician, teacher, leader, administrator, and humanitarian. He has immeasurably improved the lives of those with whom he has come in contact.

A product of rural Georgia and a graduate of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Dr Patz entered the military service at Camp Lee, Va, at the end of World War II. His first assignment was to inspect servicemen for evidence of sexually transmitted diseases. He then volunteered to serve in the ambulance corps, which transported seriously ill patients to Walter Reed General Hospital, Washington, DC, 140 miles distant. During the stopover hours at Walter Reed General Hospital, he learned of an assistant position in the eye clinic. He requested and was approved for transfer to Walter Reed General Hospital, where he spent the remaining 9 months of his military service. After serving at Walter Reed General Hospital, he started his eye residency at the District of Columbia General Hospital. While in residency, Dr Patz observed 21 infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), then called “retrolental fibroplasia.” At one point, he noted that 18 of 21 of these infants had received high levels of oxygen. In many of them, he saw severe constriction of the developing retinal vessels before the proliferative stage developed.

Leroy Hoeck, MD, who was the pediatric chief of the nursery, also had serious concerns about the effects of high oxygen levels. Oxygen was then delivered through a special cone, made from folded x-ray film, to increase its concentration. Dr Patz then proposed a clinical trial with Dr Hoeck to determine whether high levels of oxygen produced toxic adverse effects. His application was originally declined by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness as being unscientific. On resubmission a few months later, the request for $4000 was approved. This occurred 20 years before the founding of the National Eye Institute. Dr Patz’s proposal to perform the study was greeted by some with hostility, and during the feasibility phase, 2 well-intentioned nurses surreptitiously increased the amounts of oxygen that the infants were given, in a misguided attempt to protect the lives of these young patients. After more careful explanation, the nurses proved to be the strongest members of the team, recording precise levels of the incubator oxygen. The first report by Dr Patz and his colleagues, in 1952, strongly suggested a causal relationship between hyperoxia (high levels of oxygen) and ROP.

In this publication, the authors stated that “additional rigidly controlled observations are necessary to establish this concept.” 1 (p1252) Everett Kinsey, MD, a noted biochemist, then organized an 18-hospital study, and Dr Patz agreed to serve as a key member of the coordination committee that planned and supervised the study. With Dr Patz’s guidance, the number of patients in the study receiving high levels of oxygen was restricted to only 1 of 10 infants. This clinical trial, probably the first in ophthalmology, rapidly confirmed the concept of a causal relationship between hyperoxia and blinding ROP. For his original study and his lead role in the subsequent collaborative study, Helen Keller presented the Lasker Award to Drs Patz and Kinsey in 1956, at the same time that Jonas Salk, MD, received the award for his development of the polio vaccine. The widespread adoption of Dr Patz’s earlier recommendation to limit oxygen use as much as possible had resulted in an almost immediate 60% reduction in the number of blind children in the United States. Dr Patz proceeded to conduct a successful private practice in Baltimore, Md.

During this time, he served on the volunteer faculty of The Wilmer Eye Institute and initiated a series of laboratory investigations of vascular retinopathies, concentrating on abnormal blood vessel growth. He made important observations related to diabetic retinopathy, ROP, and related conditions. In 1968, a few years after the invention of masers and lasers, Dr Patz and colleagues from The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory developed one of the early argon laser photocoagulators to treat a variety of eye diseases. He performed some of the initial evaluations of laser photocoagulation of diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinal branch vein occlusion, and other blinding disorders. In 1970, Dr Patz became a full-time faculty member and the inaugural Seeing Eye Research Professor at The Wilmer Eye Institute. He founded the Retinal Vascular Center at The Wilmer Eye Institute, where he oversaw a high volume of clinical and laboratory studies of ROP, diabetic retinopathy, retinal branch vein occlusion, macular degeneration, and other diseases characterized by abnormal vasoproliferation.

Concurrently, he trained many physicians who are now giants in the field of retinal vascular disease and macular degeneration. Many of his studies formed the basis for subsequent national collaborative clinical trials, demonstrating the value of laser photocoagulation for several previously untreatable diseases. In 1979, Dr Patz succeeded A. Edward Maumenee to become the fourth director and William Holland Wilmer Professor of The Wilmer Eye Institute at The Johns Hopkins University. For 10 years, he oversaw expansion of the institute and growth of its personnel, facilities, and staff. Leading by example, he fostered the careers of young clinician-scientists and basic scientists, many of whom today enjoy well-deserved national and international recognition. He also served in 1987 as president of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. In 1991, he organized and chaired the academy’s National Diabetic Retinopathy project, Diabetes 2000, which served as the academy’s effort to dramatically reduce preventable blindness from diabetes mellitus. In addition, he participated on innumerable boards of directors and advisory groups.

In every way, his tenure as Wilmer’s director set an extremely high standard for his successors to seek to emulate. Dr Patz is an inspirational teacher. Those who have benefited from his teaching can attest to his patience with, and kindness to those learning the complexities of ophthalmology. His strategy included never ridiculing a medical student or resident who gave the wrong answer, effusively praising students who gave the correct answer, and convincing every student with whom he worked that he or she was “the favorite.” It is difficult, and some would say impossible, to be an effective leader and administrator without offending some individuals who might resent certain difficult decisions or initiatives made by the leader. Possibly related to this observation, academic department chairs hold, on average, shorter tenures than in the past. Dr Patz proved to be the exception to this rule. All who have worked with him in his numerous leadership roles within the American Academy of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, numerous clinical trials, and other organizations are acutely aware of his humility and respect for everyone around him. To visit Dr Patz in his office has always been to spend time with a friend. Some have said that this man’s contributions are underappreciated by the public.

While information about Dr Salk and his polio vaccine have been well reported in the lay press, Dr Patz’s monumental contributions to the eradication of the ROP epidemic have gone mostly unreported. For this reason, we are particularly delighted that President Bush chose Dr Patz to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2004; it is our nation’s highest civilian award. Dr Patz has also received the E.

Mead Johnson Award from the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1956, the first prize from the American Academy of Ophthalmology for his scientific exhibit on argon laser photocoagulation in 1970, the Lucien Howe Medal of the American Ophthalmological Society in 1991, the Friedenwald Research Award from the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology in 1980, the Inaugural Jules Stein Trustees’ Award from Research to Prevent Blindness in 1981, the Inaugural Distinguished Scientist Award from the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness in 1982, the Mildred Weisenfeld Award from the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology in 1993, the Pisart International Vision Award from the Lighthouse in 2001, and election to the Ophthalmology Hall of Fame of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery in 2001.

The University of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson University, Emory University, and The Johns Hopkins University have all conferred honorary doctorates on Dr Patz, and the Macula Society awards the Patz Medal to individuals who have made outstanding contributions in retinal vascular diseases. Grateful students, friends, colleagues, and patients created an endowed professorship in his name at The Johns Hopkins University in 1993, and the Patz Lecture Hall in The Wilmer Eye Institute includes a portrait of him at his microscope, engaged in laboratory work. In honor of his long-standing friendship with Lions Clubs, leaders of the Lions Vision Research Foundation in the mid-Atlantic region are known as Dr Arnall Patz Fellows. All who work with this gentle and humble man see in Dr Patz the model for a successful clinician-scientist, administrator, teacher, and leader. We are extremely proud that the President of the United States has recognized Dr Patz with the prestigious Presidential Medal of Freedom. Through his remarkable record of service and his humanitarian spirit, we have all been enriched. Correspondence: Peter J.

McDonnell, MD, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 727 Maumenee Bldg, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287-9278 ( pmcdonn1@jhmi.edu ). Submitted for Publication: October 19, 2004; final revision received December 14, 2004; accepted December 20, 2004. References President Bush Presents the Presidential Medal of Freedom Office of the Press Secretary June 23, 2004 President Bush Presents the Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks by the President at the Ceremony for the 2004 Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom The East Room Audio 4:13 P.M. EDT THE PRESIDENT: Welcome to the White House. Laura and I are delighted to see all of you, especially the men and women we honor today, and their families. We're glad you're here. This afternoon I have the privilege of presenting our nation's highest civil award. The Presidential Medal of Freedom recognizes achievement in public service, in science and education, entertainment, the arts, athletics, business and other fields.

As the citations will indicate, each of the men and women has led of life of accomplishment and distinction, and holds special respect among the people of the United States. One of this year's recipients is a world leader who is known, respected and loved as perhaps no other figure of our time. Three weeks ago it was my honor to visit Vatican City and present the Medal of Freedom to Pope John Paul II. We're honored that His Holiness is represented here today by Archbishop Montalvo. We're also pleased that the Archbishop of Washington, Cardinal McCarrick, is with us. For nearly 26 years as supreme pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, he has been one of the great voices for good in the world -- guiding the souls of the faithful and sometimes guiding history, itself. From his days as a young seminarian to this very hour, he's been a foe of tyranny, a minister of true authority, and a person of great wisdom and kindness and moral courage. The world is far different and far better because this son of Poland has occupied the chair of Saint Peter. The Medal of Freedom was also presented last December to Robert L. Bartley, shortly before his death at age 66.

I had the honor of informing Robert L. Bartley that he had won this great award by telephone. Bob Bartley was a man of great intellect and conviction. And with those qualities, for more than 30 years, he led the editorial staff of the Wall Street Journal. The goodness of his values, the clarity of his thinking and the high quality of his writing earned him the Pulitzer Prize in 1980. His belief in free markets, and his faith in the wisdom of democracy is still seen in the writings of the many journalists Bob Bartley encouraged. They and the nation are grateful for his life's work, and we are honored to have Bob's wife, Edith, with us today. The life of Dr. Vartan Gregorian began in Iran, in a town called Tabriz. As a boy, he loved books, and was blessed with a wonderful grandmother who encouraged him and inspires him still. His great gift has been to share his love of learning with others, as President of Brown University, President of the New York Public Library, and now as President of the Carnegie Corporation. Along the way, Dr.

Gregorian has won the loyal friendship of many students and colleagues, and he has received more than 50 honorary degrees. And today the nation honors one of our most respected academic leaders. Ambassador Ron Lauder and Leonard Lauder are here to receive the Medal of Freedom on behalf of their mother, who passed away in April. The posthumous award to Estee Lauder recognizes the great American success story that began with an immigrant family in Queens, New York. For this woman, born in 1908, rising to the top of the business world was not easy. Estee Lauder built a global cosmetic company, she said, "not by dreaming, or hoping for it, but by working for it." Hers became one of the most famous American names in the world. And with this medal, America proudly remembers the great achievements of Estee Lauder. Rita Moreno has also found success in New York, having found her way there from Puerto Rico. She first performed on stage as a young girl, and was on Broadway by age 13. Rita is remembered by many for her Oscar-winning performance in West Side Story.

But the years since have been filled with memorable performances by a lady of incredible talent and style, energy and beauty. To a collection that includes the Oscar, the Tony, the Emmy and the Grammy, Rita Moreno may now add the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and we give this honor with affection and appreciation. On a January night in 1888, a group of men, meeting not far from the White House, founded the National Geographic Society. In the years since, the society has flourished, thanks, in large part, to a family named Grosvenor. Gilbert Melville Grosvenor is the fifth generation of his family to hold the title, President of the Society. As chairman of the Society's board of trustees, and earlier as president, he has maintained the excellent standards and reputation that we rightly associate with the National Geographic. Gil has also furthered the Society's mission of protecting land and wildlife, teaching young people about geography and instilling in readers a respect for other cultures and nations of the world. We honor him today for his good stewardship of a great American institution. Walter Wriston is unable to attend this afternoon, but is represented here by his daughter, Catherine, and his brother-in-law, Robert.

More than 60 years ago, Walter Wriston worked here in Washington at the Department of State, Mr. Secretary. After serving his country further as an Army officer in World War II, he set out to find work in New York. Plenty of jobs were available in banking, but Walter said banking was at the top of his list of everything dull. (Laughter.) In the decades that followed, while rising to the leadership of Citibank and Citicorp, Walter Wriston made the industry a lot more interesting, ushering in an era of unprecedented innovation and improved service. He saw the trends of the future, and he started a few of his own -- first among them, electronic banking. We honor him today for his great foresight, his principled corporate leadership, and we thank him for all he has done to extend the opportunities of our free enterprise system. Norm Podhoretz ranks among the most prominent American editors of the 20th century. And he's doing pretty well in the 21st. (Laughter.) Never a man to tailor his opinions to please others, Mr. Podhoretz has always written and spoken with directness and honesty. Sometimes speaking the truth has carried a cost.

Yet, over the years, he has only gained in stature among his fellow writers and thinkers. Today we pay tribute to this fierce intellectual man and his fine writing and his great love for our country. The story is told that on election night, 1962, President John F. Kennedy heard that his home state had just elected a black man as attorney general. The President said, "That's the biggest news in the country." Bigger news would follow in the career of Edward William Brooke III. Within four years, this decorated Army veteran would become the first African American ever elected by popular vote to the United States Senate. And when he came to the Senate, he was coming home. He was the youngest child of Helen and Edward Brooke, Jr. He was raised right here in Washington. And here he learned the values that led him to a lifetime of service. Twenty-five years after leaving office, Senator Brooke is remembered for the high intellect and superb judgment he brought to the Senate. And across our nation, the Senator is still admired as an historic figure, a man of honor, and one of America's most distinguished public servants. Dr.

Arnall Patz will always be known as the man who has given to uncounted men, women and children the gift of sight. As a 32 year old ophthalmologist, Dr. Patz was the first to understand that the practice of giving high levels of oxygen to premature infants was causing an epidemic of blindness in babies. For more than a half-century his name has been the gold standard in the field of researching the causes and treatment of eye disease. One of the first awards Dr. Patz received was presented many years ago by Helen Keller. Today, with the Medal of Freedom, this great healer receives the thanks of our entire nation. Millions of Americans reserve a special respect for Gordon B. Hinckley, who still works every day as President of the Mormon Church, and who, on this very day, turns 94 years old. Mr. Hinckley is the grandson of Mormon pioneers and has given devoted service to his church since 1935. He's always shown the heart of a servant, and the gifts of a leader. Through his discipline and faithfulness, he has proven a worthy successor to the many fine leaders before him.

His church has given him its highest position of trust, and today this wise and patriotic man receives his country's highest civil honor. Doris Day could not be with us this morning, but this beautiful lady is a special presence in American life. I called her yesterday and told her she would be missed. I told her to watch C-SPAN -- (laughter) -- just in case I said something nice about her. (Laughter.) Even when Harry Truman lived in the White House, all of America knew the name of the girl who sang, "Sentimental Journey" over the radio. In the years since, she has kept her fans and shown the breadth of her talent in television and the movies. She starred on screen with leading men from Jimmy Stewart to Ronald Reagan, from Rock Hudson to James Garner. It was a good day for America when Doris Marianne von Kappelhoff of Evanston, Ohio decided to become an entertainer. It was a good day for our fellow creatures when she gave her good heart to the cause of animal welfare. Doris Day is one of the greats, and America will always love its sweetheart.

For all who love the game of golf, and for those who love to see it played, there has never been a sight in the game quite like Arnold Palmer walking down the fairway toward the 18th green. The announcer Vin Scully once said, "In a sport that was high society, Arnold Palmer made it 'High Noon.'" (Laughter.) For more than 50 years, over thousands of miles of fairway, and in 92 professional championships, Arnold has given his all, playing with style and a daring that changed the game of golf. He drew millions of fans, and every big crowd we see at a golf tournament today started with Arnie's Army. The father who had taught him to play golf at Latrobe Country Club would be very proud today of Arnold Daniel Palmer. And now, I ask the military aide to read the Medal of Freedom Citations. (The citations are read.) THE PRESIDENT: Thank you again for coming. Congratulations. Laura and I now ask you to join us at a reception to honor these remarkable Americans, and, of course, His Holy Father. God bless you all. (Applause.) END 4:38 P.M.

EDT Arnall Patz • Biography & Facts Arnall Patz Arnall Patz Arnall Patz (June 14, 1920 – March 11, 2010) was an American medical doctor and research professor at Johns Hopkins University. In the early 1950s, Patz discovered that oxygen therapy was the cause of an epidemic of blindness among some 10,000 premature babies. Following his discovery, there was a sixty percent reduction in childhood blindness in the United States. He also conducted pioneering research in the 1960s into the use of lasers in the treatment of retinal disorders. He received the Lasker Award in 1956 for his research into the causes and prevention of blindness and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2004 for his lifetime of work in the field of ophthalmology. Bush Honors Medal of Freedom Recipients | IIP Digital Bush Honors Medal of Freedom Recipients America's highest civilian honor award ceremony held at White House 23 June 2004 President Bush presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom to 12 (two posthumously) during a ceremony at the White House June 23.

The Presidential Medal of Freedom recognizes achievement in public service, science and education, entertainment, the arts, athletics, business and other fields. "Each of the men and women has led of life of accomplishment and distinction, and holds special respect among the people of the United States," Bush said. Medal recipients honored at the ceremony included: -- Edward W. Brooke, first African-American U.S. Senator and former Massachusetts state attorney general; -- Doris Day, singer and screen actress; -- Vartan Gregorian, Iranian-American scholar and historian, former head of the New York Public Library, former president of Brown University, and current president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York; -- Gilbert M. Grosvenor, chairman of the National Geographic Society; -- Gordon B. Hinckley, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and church leader since the 1930s; -- Rita Moreno, stage and screen actress; -- Arnold Palmer, professional golfer; -- Arnall Patz, ophthalmologist and eye-disease researcher; -- Norman Podhoretz, author and editor of Commentary, the American Jewish Committee magazine; -- Walter B.

Wriston, former chairman and chief executive of Citibank and chairman of President Reagan's Economic Policy Advisory Board; -- Robert L. Bartley, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and, former editor of The Wall Street Journal (posthumously); and -- Estee Lauder, cosmetics pioneer and corporate executive (posthumously). Also honored was Pope John Paul II, who was presented with the medal June 4 during Bush's visit to the Vatican. Following is the transcript of President Bush's remarks at the White House ceremony: THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary June 23, 2004 REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT AT THE CEREMONY FOR THE 2004 RECIPIENTS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM The East Room 4:13 P.M. EDT THE PRESIDENT: Welcome to the White House. Laura and I are delighted to see all of you, especially the men and women we honor today, and their families. We're glad you're here. This afternoon I have the privilege of presenting our nation's highest civil award.

The Presidential Medal of Freedom recognizes achievement in public service, in science and education, entertainment, the arts, athletics, business and other fields. As the citations will indicate, each of the men and women has led of life of accomplishment and distinction, and holds special respect among the people of the United States. One of this year's recipients is a world leader who is known, respected and loved as perhaps no other figure of our time. Three weeks ago it was my honor to visit Vatican City and present the Medal of Freedom to Pope John Paul II. We're honored that His Holiness is represented here today by Archbishop Montalvo. We're also pleased that the Archbishop of Washington, Cardinal McCarrick, is with us. For nearly 26 years as supreme pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, he has been one of the great voices for good in the world -- guiding the souls of the faithful and sometimes guiding history, itself. From his days as a young seminarian to this very hour, he's been a foe of tyranny, a minister of true authority, and a person of great wisdom and kindness and moral courage. The world is far different and far better because this son of Poland has occupied the chair of Saint Peter.

The Medal of Freedom was also presented last December to Robert L. Bartley, shortly before his death at age 66. I had the honor of informing Robert L. Bartley that he had won this great award by telephone. Bob Bartley was a man of great intellect and conviction. And with those qualities, for more than 30 years, he led the editorial staff of the Wall Street Journal. The goodness of his values, the clarity of his thinking and the high quality of his writing earned him the Pulitzer Prize in 1980. His belief in free markets, and his faith in the wisdom of democracy is still seen in the writings of the many journalists Bob Bartley encouraged. They and the nation are grateful for his life's work, and we are honored to have Bob's wife, Edith, with us today. The life of Dr. Vartan Gregorian began in Iran, in a town called Tabriz. As a boy, he loved books, and was blessed with a wonderful grandmother who encouraged him and inspires him still. His great gift has been to share his love of learning with others, as President of Brown University, President of the New York Public Library, and now as President of the Carnegie Corporation.

Along the way, Dr. Gregorian has won the loyal friendship of many students and colleagues, and he has received more than 50 honorary degrees. And today the nation honors one of our most respected academic leaders. Ambassador Ron Lauder and Leonard Lauder are here to receive the Medal of Freedom on behalf of their mother, who passed away in April. The posthumous award to Estee Lauder recognizes the great American success story that began with an immigrant family in Queens, New York. For this woman, born in 1908, rising to the top of the business world was not easy. Estee Lauder built a global cosmetic company, she said, "not by dreaming, or hoping for it, but by working for it." Hers became one of the most famous American names in the world. And with this medal, America proudly remembers the great achievements of Estee Lauder. Rita Moreno has also found success in New York, having found her way there from Puerto Rico. She first performed on stage as a young girl, and was on Broadway by age 13. Rita is remembered by many for her Oscar-winning performance in West Side Story.

But the years since have been filled with memorable performances by a lady of incredible talent and style, energy and beauty. To a collection that includes the Oscar, the Tony, the Emmy and the Grammy, Rita Moreno may now add the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and we give this honor with affection and appreciation. On a January night in 1888, a group of men, meeting not far from the White House, founded the National Geographic Society. In the years since, the society has flourished, thanks, in large part, to a family named Grosvenor. Gilbert Melville Grosvenor is the fifth generation of his family to hold the title, President of the Society. As chairman of the Society's board of trustees, and earlier as president, he has maintained the excellent standards and reputation that we rightly associate with the National Geographic. Gil has also furthered the Society's mission of protecting land and wildlife, teaching young people about geography and instilling in readers a respect for other cultures and nations of the world. We honor him today for his good stewardship of a great American institution. Walter Wriston is unable to attend this afternoon, but is represented here by his daughter, Catherine, and his brother-in-law, Robert.

More than 60 years ago, Walter Wriston worked here in Washington at the Department of State, Mr. Secretary. After serving his country further as an Army officer in World War II, he set out to find work in New York. Plenty of jobs were available in banking, but Walter said banking was at the top of his list of everything dull. In the decades that followed, while rising to the leadership of Citibank and Citicorp, Walter Wriston made the industry a lot more interesting, ushering in an era of unprecedented innovation and improved service. He saw the trends of the future, and he started a few of his own -- first among them, electronic banking. We honor him today for his great foresight, his principled corporate leadership, and we thank him for all he has done to extend the opportunities of our free enterprise system. Norm Podhoretz ranks among the most prominent American editors of the 20th century. And he's doing pretty well in the 21st. Never a man to tailor his opinions to please others, Mr. Podhoretz has always written and spoken with directness and honesty. Sometimes speaking the truth has carried a cost.

Yet, over the years, he has only gained in stature among his fellow writers and thinkers. Today we pay tribute to this fierce intellectual man and his fine writing and his great love for our country. The story is told that on election night, 1962, President John F. Kennedy heard that his home state had just elected a black man as attorney general. The President said, "That's the biggest news in the country." Bigger news would follow in the career of Edward William Brooke III. Within four years, this decorated Army veteran would become the first African American ever elected by popular vote to the United States Senate. And when he came to the Senate, he was coming home. He was the youngest child of Helen and Edward Brooke, Jr. He was raised right here in Washington. And here he learned the values that led him to a lifetime of service. Twenty-five years after leaving office, Senator Brooke is remembered for the high intellect and superb judgment he brought to the Senate. And across our nation, the Senator is still admired as an historic figure, a man of honor, and one of America's most distinguished public servants. Dr.

Arnall Patz will always be known as the man who has given to uncounted men, women and children the gift of sight. As a 32 year old ophthalmologist, Dr. Patz was the first to understand that the practice of giving high levels of oxygen to premature infants was causing an epidemic of blindness in babies. For more than a half-century his name has been the gold standard in the field of researching the causes and treatment of eye disease. One of the first awards Dr. Patz received was presented many years ago by Helen Keller. Today, with the Medal of Freedom, this great healer receives the thanks of our entire nation. Millions of Americans reserve a special respect for Gordon B. Hinckley, who still works every day as President of the Mormon Church, and who, on this very day, turns 94 years old. Mr. Hinckley is the grandson of Mormon pioneers and has given devoted service to his church since 1935. He's always shown the heart of a servant, and the gifts of a leader. Through his discipline and faithfulness, he has proven a worthy successor to the many fine leaders before him.

His church has given him its highest position of trust, and today this wise and patriotic man receives his country's highest civil honor. Doris Day could not be with us this morning, but this beautiful lady is a special presence in American life. I called her yesterday and told her she would be missed. I told her to watch C-SPAN just in case I said something nice about her. Even when Harry Truman lived in the White House, all of America knew the name of the girl who sang, "Sentimental Journey" over the radio. In the years since, she has kept her fans and shown the breadth of her talent in television and the movies. She starred on screen with leading men from Jimmy Stewart to Ronald Reagan, from Rock Hudson to James Garner. It was a good day for America when Doris Marianne von Kappelhoff of Evanston, Ohio decided to become an entertainer. It was a good day for our fellow creatures when she gave her good heart to the cause of animal welfare. Doris Day is one of the greats, and America will always love its sweetheart.

For all who love the game of golf, and for those who love to see it played, there has never been a sight in the game quite like Arnold Palmer walking down the fairway toward the 18th green. The announcer Vin Scully once said, "In a sport that was high society, Arnold Palmer made it 'High Noon.'" For more than 50 years, over thousands of miles of fairway, and in 92 professional championships, Arnold has given his all, playing with style and a daring that changed the game of golf. He drew millions of fans, and every big crowd we see at a golf tournament today started with Arnie's Army. The father who had taught him to play golf at Latrobe Country Club would be very proud today of Arnold Daniel Palmer. And now, I ask the military aide to read the Medal of Freedom Citations. (The citations are read) THE PRESIDENT: Thank you again for coming. Congratulations. Laura and I now ask you to join us at a reception to honor these remarkable Americans, and, of course, His Holy Father. God bless you all. END 4:38 P.M. EDT (Distributed by the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S.

Department of State. Web site: Keywords: Arnall Patz Explained Arnall Patz Explained Spouse: Ellen Levy Arnall Patz (June 14, 1920 - March 11, 2010) was an American medical doctor and research professor at Johns Hopkins University . In the early 1950s, Patz discovered that oxygen therapy was the cause of an epidemic of blindness among some 10,000 premature babies. Following his discovery, there was a sixty percent reduction in childhood blindness in the United States. He also conducted pioneering research in the 1960s into the use of lasers in the treatment of retinal disorders. He received the Lasker Award in 1956 for his research into the causes and prevention of blindness and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2004 for his lifetime of work in the field of ophthalmology. Biography Early years Patz was born in Elberton, Georgia . His father was a Jewish immigrant from Lithuania , and Patz was the youngest of seven children in the only Jewish family in Elberton. He attended Emory University in Atlanta and received both bachelor's and medical degrees there.

[1] After graduating from Emory University School of Medicine in 1945, Patz joined the U.S. Army and served at Walter Reed Army Medical Center . After leaving the military, Patz began a residency in ophthalmology at Gallinger Municipal Hospital (later known as District of Columbia General Hospital) in Washington, D.C. Study of oxygen as cause of childhood blindness While Patz was in training at Gallinger, he observed more than 20 infants who had developed severe retrolental fibroplasia after receiving continuous oxygen therapy. An epidemic of blindness among some 10,000 premature babies in the 1940s and the early 1950s became one of "the great medical mysteries of the postwar era." [2] [3] Patz hypothesized that there was a correlation between the high rate of blindness and the use of pure oxygen to treat premature babies. "It had become standard practice to put babies in incubators and crank up the oxygen," Patz said in a 2004 interview with the Baltimore Sun.

Patz proposed a clinical study to test his hypothesis, but the National Institutes of Health refused to fund the study on ethical grounds, fearing the study would "kill a lot of babies by anoxia to test a wild idea." Unable to obtain a grant, Patz borrowed money from his family to conduct a clinical study at Gallinger in the early 1950s. Patz conducted the study between 1951 and 1953 in conjunction with Leroy Hoeck (1911–2009), a pediatrician who was in charge of the newborn nursery at Gallinger. [2] In the study, some infants were given concentrated oxygen, and others were given concentrated oxygen only if they showed signs of respiratory distress. The study confirmed Patz's suspicion as 12 infants on concentrated oxygen went blind while only one of the infants receiving normal oxygen went blind. Further study established that elevated oxygen levels caused abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye, irreversibly damaging the retina. After Patz's findings became known, the use of high-dose oxygen therapy was limited, and there was a sixty percent reduction in childhood blindness in the United States.

Johns Hopkins In 1955, Patz accepted a part-time faculty position at Johns Hopkins University while maintaining a private ophthalmology practice. In 1970, he joined the Johns Hopkins faculty on a full-time basis as a research professor. He served as the director of the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins from 1979 to 1989. [4] He was also a founder of the Johns Hopkins' Retinal Vascular Center. [1] In the late 1960s, Patz also conducted pioneering research on the use of lasers and collaborated with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory on the development of one of the first argon lasers used in the treatment of retinal disorders. Patz also worked with the Maryland Eye Bank, built an 80-foot radio tower at his home and "became known to ham-radio operators across the country for putting out word on the airwaves whenever corneas were needed for transplant." Awards and accolades In 1956, Patz and V. Everett Kinsey, a biochemist who worked with Patz on a larger study that confirmed Patz's findings, received the Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award .

Helen Keller presented Patz and Kinsey with the award. [1] The Wall Street Journal called Patz the man who "helped solve the riddle of how 10,000 babies went blind." [5] The New York Times credited him with "saving countless babies from blindness," and, through his research on the use of lasers, with "preserving the sight of adults with common conditions that cause blindness." [6] U.S. President George W. Bush awarded Patz the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the nation's highest civilian honor, in 2004. [7] [8] Patz was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom "for his lifetime contributions to the field of ophthalmology, including his discovery of the most common cause of childhood blindness in the early 1950s." [9] At the time of the award, Bush called Patz "the man who has given to uncounted men, women and children the gift of sight." [6] Patz also served as president of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and wrote more than 250 scientific publications and four textbooks.

[10] He was also the recipient of the Friedenwald Research Award in 1980, the inaugural Isaac C. Michaelson Medal in 1986, the first Helen Keller prize for Vision Research in 1994, and the Pisart International Vision Award from the Lighthouse International in 2001. [10] Later years and death In his later years, Patz studied the impact of deafness on Beethoven 's music. He also received a master's degree in liberal arts from Johns Hopkins at age 78. [6] [7] Patz died of heart disease in March 2010 at his home in Pikesville, Maryland . [1] Patz died at age 89 one day before the 60th anniversary of his wedding to the former Ellen Levy. [7] In 2013, a biographical profile of Dr. Patz was included in a bestselling book called Saving Sight: An eye surgeon's look at life behind the mask and the heroes who changed the way we see, by Andrew Lam (author) , M.D.

[11] Selected publications "Protection of vision in children," by Arnall Patz and Richard E. Hoover (1969), 172 pages "Interpretation of the fundus fluorescein," by Stuart L. Fine and Arnall Patz (1977), 213 pages "Sights and Sounds in Ophthalmology: Volume 2 Retinal Vascular Disorders," by Stuart L. Fine, Arnall Patz and David H. Orth (1976) "The role of oxygen in retrolental fibroplasia," by Arnall Patz, Journal Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Volume 195, Number 2, June 1975 "The Effects of Oxgyen on Immature Retinal Vessels," by A. Patz, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 1965 "New role of the ophthalmologist in prevention of retrolental fibroplasia," by A. Patz, Archives of Ophthalmology, 1967 "Retinopathy of Prematurity: The Life of a Lifetime Disease," by W. Tasman, A.

Patz, J. McNamara, R. Kaiser, M. Trese, B. Smith, American Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 141, Issue 1, Pages 167-174 "Diabetic blindness," by A. Patz, Archives of Ophthalmology, 1966 See also Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award Notes and References Emory Magazine | Autumn 2004 Patz receives Presidential Medal Arnall Patz 43C-45M has earned some of the highest accolades America has to offer, including the 1956 Albert Lasker Medical Research Award (often called the American Nobel) and, in June, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nations highest civil award. But he says it took a compliment from pop star Stevie Wonder to really impress his grandchildren. When Patz met Wonder at a fundraising dinner, Wonder told him, I grew up in Detroit, Michigan. I was black, I was poor, and I was totally blind. But you know, tonight I met Dr.

Arnall Patz, and I just think of all the children who have benefited from his discoveries. I just thank the lord for sending Dr. Patz to this planet. One of twelve recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Patz was honored for his lifetime contributions to the field of ophthamology, including his discovery of the most common cause of childhood blindness in the early 1950s. Although his achievements came too late for Stevie Wonder, he is credited with saving the sight of countless premature infants. Early in his career, Patz conducted research that showed that high levels of oxygen commonly used to treat premature babies could cause retrolental fibroplasia, an abnormal overgrowth of blood vessels in the eye. This condition, now known as retinopathy of prematurity or ROP, caused irreparable damage to the retina, resulting in about two-thirds of the total cases of childhood blindness at the time. Despite fierce resistance from the medical profession, Patzs findings were quickly confirmed in larger studies, and the practice of giving infants high levels of oxygen for longer periods than necessary was revised. Dr.

Patz will always be considered, by his peers and those throughout our profession, as a man who contributed so critically to preserving sight, said Peter J. McDonnell, current director of the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins University, which Patz headed from 1979 to 1989. Soon after the discovery of ROP, Patz won the Lasker Award and had the chance to meet Helen Keller at the ceremony. The experience left an impression on him that has lasted nearly fifty years. She was absolutely brilliant, in spite of having lost all her vision, her hearing, and 98 percent of her speech, says Patz. He recalls that when Keller picked up his Lasker medal, she knew immediately that there had been a mistake: it was actually the medal for Jonas Salk, who won the same year for his work on polio. Kellers sensitive fingers told her the name was wrong, and she carefully placed Patzs hand over the lettering while photos were being snapped. A native of Elberton, Georgia, Patz transferred to Emory from the University of Georgia a year before entering the medical school.

Patz says he was overwhelmed when he learned he was chosen for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which he received from President George W. Bush on June 23. I was very moved by the experience, he says. I have never seen a medal like this. Its a little heavy, although I am still strong enough to carry it.P.P.P. Remembering Dr. Arnall Patz Home > Wilmer Eye Institute > News and Publications Remembering Dr. Arnall Patz March 12, 2010- Arnall Patz, director emeritus of the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins; a pivotal figure in the history of ophthalmology; and the recipient of both a Presidential Medal of Freedom and an Albert Lasker Award, often called the “American Nobel,” for his groundbreaking research into the causes and prevention of blindness, died on March 11.

A member of the Johns Hopkins medical faculty since 1955, he was widely honored for his lifetime contributions to ophthalmology, including discovery of the cause of retrolental fibroplasia, now called retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), an affliction of premature infants that once was the most common reason for childhood blindness. He also was known for his development of one of the first argon lasers used to treat diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Patz led the Wilmer Eye Institute from 1979 to 1989 and had been an active professor emeritus until his death. He was known for encouraging the work of young physicians who went on to become internationally acclaimed eye specialists. “Dr. Patz’s influence in ophthalmology as a clinician, researcher and mentor will be powerful and long-lasting,” said Edward D. Miller, M.D., dean of the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine. “He graced the school and hospital for more than half a century, and we are enormously proud to have his extraordinary contributions as part of our history.” “Dr.

Patz will always be considered by his peers and those throughout our profession as a man who contributed so critically to preserving sight,” said Peter J. McDonnell, M.D., current director of Wilmer and once a resident at Johns Hopkins who was mentored by Patz. “His inspiration and leadership of fellow professionals, along with his guidance and encouragement to all of our medical students, made us fortunate to know him.” Born on June 14, 1920, in rural Elberton, Ga., Patz received his undergraduate and medical degrees from Emory University in Atlanta, graduating from its medical school in 1945. After service during World War II, he joined the eye clinic at the Walter Reed Army Hospital, then began his residency in ophthalmology at the District of Columbia General Hospital. While there, he observed more than 20 premature infants who had severe ROP, noting that many of them had received high levels of oxygen. He found that they had an abnormal overgrowth of blood vessels in the eye that caused irreparable damage to the retina and frequently led to blindness.

With Leroy Hoeck, pediatric chief of the nursery, he conducted what many considered one of the first controlled clinical trials in American ophthalmology to test his belief that the excessive exposure to oxygen caused the condition in preemies. Initially denied research funding for his pilot experiments with premature infants, he funded his first tests with money borrowed from his brother, Louis. Subsequent studies in collaboration with Everett Kinsey, M.D., a famed biochemist, confirmed Patz’s theory. Patz’s findings proving the link between high levels of oxygen and ROP led to a change in pediatric practices that subsequently saved the sight of countless infants. Following his work on ROP, Patz studied ways to stop the leaking and overgrowth of blood vessels in the retina, a condition associated with many diseases. Recognizing the potential of lasers to seal the leaking and stop the overgrowth of these blood vessels, Patz developed the argon laser with the help of colleagues at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. Their work paved the way for sight-saving treatment of many degenerative eye conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and retinal tearing.

Patz maintained an extensive private ophthalmology practice while serving as a part-time faculty member at Hopkins for 15 years before the Seeing Eye Foundation awarded him a research professorship at Wilmer in 1970, when he joined the faculty full time as founder of Johns Hopkins’ Retinal Vascular Center. During his decade as the fourth director of Wilmer, he oversaw enlargement of its clinical and research facilities and programs, ensuring its continued advances as one of the world’s renowned eye care and research centers. Morton F. Goldberg, M.D., another of Patz’s protégés and his immediate successor as director of Wilmer, called him “an exceptional colleague and friend, whom I consider to be one of the greatest ophthalmologists and greatest human beings in modern medicine. It was his passion, as well as his brilliance, that made him a great researcher and clinician, and most importantly, a mentor to all of us who learned and worked with him.” When he was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2004, Patz was acclaimed by President George W.

Bush as “the man who has given to uncounted men, women and children the gift of sight.” “For more than a half-century, his name has been the gold standard in the field of researching the causes and treatment of eye disease,” his citation read. A modest man despite his remarkable achievements and the acclaim he received, Patz demurred when praised. Asked his reaction to his Medal of Freedom award, he said, “I was astonished, totally overwhelmed and honored. And I could name 50 other medical scientists who probably deserve it more than I do.” He later said that getting a chance to meet golfing legend Arnold Palmer at the White House ceremony where they both received the Medal of Freedom was as astounding as receiving the medal itself. In addition to the Lasker and Medal of Freedom awards, Patz received the Friedenwald Research Award in 1980, the inaugural Isaac C. Michaelson Medal in 1986, the first Helen Keller Prize for Vision Research in 1994, and the 2001 Pisart International Vision Award from The Lighthouse International.

Always intellectually curious, he also earned a master of liberal arts degree from the Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences when he was 78. He spent summers in Maine at a log cabin he built with his family. He was an avid fly fisherman and a ham radio operator serving the Maryland Eye Bank. Patz is survived by his wife, Ellen, five children and eight grandchildren.

Question: Arnall Patz received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2004 for his lifetime of work in what field?
Answer: Ophthalmology