King George VI - Biography - IMDb King George VI Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (12) Overview (5) Albert Frederick Arthur George Wettin Nickname 5' 9" (1.75 m) Mini Bio (1) Albert Fredrick Arthur George was born on December 14, 1895 to the future King George V and Queen Mary who was born a Princess of Teck. It was the anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria 's husband Albert the Prince Consort, his great-grandfather, so it was obvious that his name would start with Albert. He had a nervous stammer, possibly because his father made him write with his right hand when he was a lefty. His great-grandson seams to have inherited his left-handedness. In 1923 he was created Duke of York, and married The Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon ( Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother ), the daughter of the Earl of Strathmore. In 1926 they had their first child, a daughter named Elizabeth, and four years later another daughter named Margaret.

Albert's father died in January 1936, making his brother King Edward VIII. He abdicated in December 1936 to marry a twice-divorced American woman, putting England in a crisis. Albert then became King George VI, after his father, and his wife became Queen Elizabeth. His first act as King was to make his brother the Duke of Windsor . A few years later World War II broke out, but the royal family stayed in Buckingham Palace even after it was bombed. A lifelong heavy smoker, the King died in 1952: at the time there was no connection between smoking and the lung cancer that caused his death. Of his six grandchildren, only two had been born before his death, Charles - Prince of Wales and Anne - the Princess Royal. His elder daughter, Elizabeth, became Queen Elizabeth II and his wife became the Queen Mother.

- IMDb Mini Biography By: Anonymous Spouse (1) ( 26 April 1923 - 6 February 1952) (his death) (2 children) Trivia (12) He was the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from December 11, 1936 to February 6, 1952. Great-grandchildren: Peter Philips (b. 15 November 1977), Zara Philips (b. 15 May 1981), Prince William (b. 21 June 1982), Prince Harry Windsor (b. 15 September 1984), Princess Beatrice of York (b. 8 August 1988), Princess Eugenie of York (b. 23 March 1990) ,Lady Louise Windsor (b. 8 November 2003) and Viscount Severn James Windsor (b. 17 December 2007). Grandchildren: 'Prince Charles' (b. 14 November 1948), Princess Anne (b. 12 August 1950), Prince Andrew (b.

19 February 1960), David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley (b. 3 November 1961), Prince Edward Wessex (b. 10 March 1964) and Sarah Armstrong-Jones , Mrs Daniel Chatto (b. 1 May 1964). Children: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary (b. 21 April 1926) Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret Rose (b. 21 August 1930). Brother of King Edward VIII ( Duke of Windsor ), Mary the Princess Royal (aka Victoria, 1897-1965), Prince Henry ( Duke of Gloucester ), Prince George ( Duke of Kent ), and Prince John (1905-1919) Saw action at the Battle of Jutland aboard the battleship HMS Collingwood. On 12 March 1949 the King underwent surgery for Buerger's disease - acute inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of arteries and veins of the legs. On 23 September 1951 he underwent surgery to remove a cancerous lung, but the cancer had spread.

In the early hours of 6 February 1952, a blood clot stopped his heart during his sleep. At the time of his death his mother Queen Mary was also dying of lung cancer. King George VI | Britroyals Full Name: Albert Frederick Arthur George Born: December 14, 1895 at Sandringham, Norfolk Parents: George V and Mary of Teck Relation to Elizabeth II: father House of: Windsor Ascended to the throne: Dec 11, 1936 aged 40 years Crowned: May 12, 1937 at Westminster Abbey Married: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Children: Two daughters Elizabeth and Margaret Died: February 6, 1952 at Sandringham, Norfolk, aged 56 years, 1 month, and 22 days Buried at: Windsor Reigned for: 15 years, 1 month, and 25 days Succeeded by: his daughter Elizabeth II Second son of George V he was named Albert after his great grandfather Prince Albert. As The Duke of York he had never expected or wished to succeed to the throne. He was naturally diffident and anxious, and suffered from a speech impediment.

But he never lacked bravery or enterprise, and had a strong sense of Duty. He had fought as a young naval officer at the Battle of Jutland in World War I, and was the first member of the Royal Family to learn to fly. In 1923 he married Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. They had two daughters Elizabeth, know as �Lilibet� who later became Queen Elizabeth II, and Margaret Rose �Princess Margaret�. He became King George VI in December 1936 following the death of his father George V and the abdication of his brother. Fortified by the influence of his Queen, who swiftly acquired immense popularity in her own right, George VI coped with the aftermath of the abdication in a way that quickly restored confidence in the monarchy. When the horrors of World War II descended shortly after�wards on Britain, and on London in particular, the royal couple rose superbly to the occasion. Initially sceptical of Winston Churchill, the King and his Prime Minister soon developed a close personal working relationship and they met regularly to discuss the progress of the War.

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth stayed at what they and their subjects saw as their posts all through the Blitz, and showed love and care for their people in gestures that stilled the meanest critics. They narrowly escaped death when bombs exploded beside Buckingham Palace. Their daughters served in uniform, and the identification of the Royal Family with the national will was complete. Following the War Britain entered a time of economic austerity and the British Empire began to be replaced by the Commonwealth of Nations as former colonies including India became independent. The war effort had been crushing and the King�s health was permanently affected. He had been a heavy smoker and in 1951 had his left lung removed. He died suddenly in the winter of 1952. King George VI's Signature Home of Queen Mary In the The Romanovs: One Last Dance Novel: The future Queen Mary was never meant to be a queen of any sort. She was the first child of HSH Prince Francis, Duke of Teck and his wife, the Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, born on the 26 May 1867 at Kensington Palace.

Baptized on 27 July, the princess was christened Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes in the Chapel Royal at Kensington. Serving as the girl's godparents were HRH the Prince of Wales, the Duchess of Cambridge and Queen Victoria herself. She was nicknamed "May" for the month in which she had been born. May was followed by three brothers: Adolphus in 1868, Francis in 1870 and Alexander in 1874. Her father was created Duke of Teck by the King of Wurttemburg in 1871. Though the Duke was of German ancestry, his children, May included, were raised in the United Kingdom, close to his wife's royal relations. The only girl, May was quite embarrassed by her mother, Mary Adelaide, who earned the nickname of "Fat Mary" for her large, heavy-set frame. Like the princesses' of her day, May was educated at home by her mother and a governess, while her brothers were sent to boarding school. Deeply in debt by 1883, May's parents moved the family abroad to compensate for this.

They returned to London two years later, taking up residence at White Lodge. May was very close to her maternal aunt, Augusta of Cambridge who had since married the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Streltiz. During the Great War, May's cousin, Margaret of Connaught (by then crown princess of Sweden) helped the future queen pass letters onto her aunt Augusta in enemy territory. ENGAGED At age twenty-four, May became engaged to HRH Prince Albert Victor "Eddy" of Wales. His grandmother, Queen Victoria, thought May would be a good influence on Eddy's seemingly slow mind...especially after he was rejected by his Hessian cousin, Alix. Prince Eddy and his betrothed were first cousins, once removed through the princess' mother, Mary Adelaide of Cambridge. He wasn't the brightest of King Edward's brood, but he was heir, none the less. Just after their engagement was announced in December 1891, Eddy came down with pneumonia, and died in April 1892, leaving his younger brother George to take his place as the heir. Not long after Eddy's death, the Queen made arrangements for Princess May to marry his younger brother.

George and May had only met briefly a few times before their engagement, but the two quickly grew very fond of each other. May, being brought up as she had been, dutifully accepted his proposal, hoping that she and George would please the Queen...and everyone else. Obviously, this was an arranged marriage, but George and May had always shared a connection of some kind. Their relationship soon developed into a romantic and caring one that never faltered; in fact, George was one of very few British kings that had not a single mistress. However in love they were, neither party was quite capable of sharing their feelings with spoken words, and so George and May would write letters to each other, expressing their devotion. George and May were married on 6 July 1893 at the Chapel Royal, St. James Palace in England's grand capital. As the wife of the future King's second son, the new bride received the title Duchess of York on her wedding day. George and May shared their first home together at York Cottage on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk. The couple also had apartments at the St. James Palace, but George preferred the cottage, so they stayed there for most of the time.

When Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901, George's father, Prince Edward, became King. In November 1901, George was created Prince of Wales, giving his bride the rightful title Princess of Wales. When King Edward VII died in May of 1910, May and George were named King and Queen of Great Britain and Ireland. The coronation took place in June 1911. MOTHERHOOD In total, May gave her husband six children. The first was a boy, later to be known as the scandalous Duke of Windsor. The baby arrived in on 23 June 1894. George was keen on calling him 'Edward' after his late brother. Queen Victoria, however, extended a reminder in the form of a very stern letter that Eddy's first name had in fact been Albert. But the future king had made up his mind, and Mary couldn't disagree. Even so, the couple was forced to find a suitable nickname for him en famille, as to not confuse him with the other Edwards of the family. Given eight names total, the new baby boy would be known to his family simply as David.

He was followed on 14 December 1895 by a second son, not coincidentally named Albert; like his grandfather, he would be called Bertie. A daughter arrived in April 1897, whom they naturally christened Victoria, but her parents would agree to call her Mary, after her mother. Henry arrived in late March of 1900, followed in quick succession by two more sons: George in December 1902 and John in July 1905. Busy with the business of royal duties, May and George's children were entrusted to the care of nannies and governesses, the first two of whom were dismissed, the second in particular for abusing David and Bertie. But only five of the royal children would remain together during their younger years; John, the youngest, was born with the disease epilepsy, and because of this, May and George thought it best if John was sent away. He had his first seizure at age four. So embarrassed were they of their son's illness, George and May kept their youngest son from attending their coronation in 1911, and sent him to live with a nanny and several male attendants in 1917.

Just before departing for one of her visits with John in January of 1919, May received a phone call from his nanny, Lala. The queen was told that her son had had yet another one of his seizures, and was not doing well. Mary did not arrive in time to say goodbye; he had fallen into a coma, from which he would never awaken. He was buried on the Sandringham Estate. Many of the villagers from nearby came to bid farewell to Johnnie during his funeral. Johnnie's death left Mary in a state of shock. Although she never showed it, the queen confided in her journal: "our poor darling little Johnnie had passed away suddenly ... The first break in the family circle is hard to bear but people have been so kind & sympathetic & this has helped us [the King and me] much." While Johnnie was missed a great deal, George and May, being unemotional as they were, felt it their duty to carry on. While David became a well-known 'ladies man', the couple's second son, Bertie, was determined to marry the lady of his dreams.

On April 23, 1923 Bertie married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, daughter of the Earl of Strathmore. As a member of the British aristocracy, the king and queen thought Lady Elizabeth a suitable match for their son, who was given the title Duke of York shortly before the wedding. Bertie and Elizabeth had two daughters: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, named for her mother, Queen Mary and Queen Alexandra, who arrived on 21 April 1926, followed by Margaret Rose on 21 August 1930. The queen's only daughter, and namesake Mary, wed Henry, the Viscount Lascelles in February 1922. She gave birth to two healthy sons, George in 1923 and Gerald in 1924; she would be the only one of May and George's children to marry young. The queen was never close to any o her children, but when London was bombed by the Luftwaffe in the autumn of 1940, her younger son, the Duke of Kent, begged the queen to leave the city.

Stubborn as she was, May did not oblige to this, until after deciding to reside with her niece, another Mary, at Badminton House. Queen Mary did her part to help the war effort by visiting our troops at scrap factories. In November 1934, the Duke of Kent, married his cousin (also the queen's goddaughter), HRH Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark. It was to be the last marriage between a member of the British royal family and that of another reigning royal house. George and Marina had three children in the following years: Edward came in 1935; Alexandra on Christmas Day of 1936 and of course, Michael in 1942. His final given name, Franklin, was given in honor of his godfather, Franklin D. Roosevelt, the then president of the United States. In August of that year, George's plane was shot down over Scotland. To the queen's dismay, he was killed in the crash, leaving Marina a widow with three children; the youngest being Michael, at a mere six weeks old.

Queen Mary would be lucky enough to see her other children marry, although none were so dynastic as George's union with Marina of Greece and Denmark. Harry also wed in 1934, to the Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott. They later had two boys, William and Richard. David would prove to be a different story. SCANDAL By 1930, David was off on his own disastrous adventures in America. When he returned, the Prince of Wales seemed to be in a different state of mind that when had left a few months earlier. The king and queen knew of his current mistress, a married American woman his age named Thelma Morgan, the Countess of Furness. David was faithful to her, but only for a mere two years. When Thelma brought her friend over from America, David's feelings quickly shifted from Thelma to her friend. When the countess returned to the States, she asked her lady friend, Mrs. Wallis Simpson to "look after" David. George and Mary questioned David about his budding romance with Mrs. Simpson, but David flat out lied to his parents, claiming that he "never had immoral relations" with Simpson.

He not only began living with her against his parents' wishes, but she began appearing at David's side during public royal function. This infuriated his father, and disgusted an already disappointed Mary. Although still wed to the devoted Ernest Simpson, Wallis continued to pursue her forbidden romance with the Prince of Wales. On the 20th of January 1936, King George V, Mary's husband of forty-two years, died, leaving David his crown and duties as King. Frightened by his new status, David desperately wished to find a way to marry Mrs. Simpson and still retain his title as the sovereign. But this, Mary, now the Queen Mother, could not allow. So, after a mere eleven months on the throne, just short of his coronation, the new King Edward VIII, chose his married American lover over the Crown of England. He abdicated on 10 December 1936, leaving his brother, Bertie to take his place as King. The Duke of York was furious with David. He thought the king a selfish and careless man, wile Queen Mary thought of her son as a coward.

She famously compared David to the soldiers of the Great War, remind the king of their sacrifice and how he was not prepared to do the same for his country. Even so, Mary was a staunch supporter of her son Bertie and daughter-in-law Elizabeth at their coronation in June 1937. She was also very close to her granddaughters, Elizabeth and Margaret and had quite a bit of say in how the girls were raised. In February 1952, King George VI, died of lung cancer, leaving his eldest daughter, Elizabeth to take the crown. By then, Queen Mary was in bad health then and feared she would not live to see her granddaughter's coronation. As such, Mary asked that if she were to indeed pass on before then, that the coronation go ahead as planned. Queen Mary died on the 24th of March 1953, and was buried at St. George's Chapel in Windsor. Her granddaughter's coronation went ahead as she had asked on June 2, 1953, as the princess was crowned Queen Elizabeth II. In 2012, she celebrated sixty years on the throne.

In September 2015, Elizabeth surpassed Queen Victoria as the longest reigning British monarch in history. In the 'What If?' Storyline: It is July 1924. At her own insistence, (and to May's disappointment), her daughter-in-law, Olga has joined her brother and sisters in Paris for the Summer Olympics. May is convinced the decision was unwise, given that Olga is now expecting her second child with David, and they've taken their firstborn, Catherine, with them, once again, to May's dislike. While she and Olga have never meshed well, May has done her very best to make her daughter-in-law feel welcome. In the meantime, Mary's relationship with the king remains one of few spoken words, and a strong, but quiet devotion. Both products of the Victorian era, Mary and George detest the idea of change, although the king is more tolerable of it than his wife. Mary, stuck in the old ways, worries about the succession, in hopes that Olga and David's second child - due in two months' time - will be the coveted male heir.

King George VI | Britroyals Born: December 14, 1895 at Sandringham, Norfolk Ascended to the throne: Dec 11, 1936 aged 40 years Crowned: May 12, 1937 at Westminster Abbey Married: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, on April 26, 1923 Children: Two daughters Elizabeth and Margaret Died: February 6, 1952 at Sandringham, Norfolk, aged 56 years, 1 month, and 22 days Buried at: Windsor Second son of George V he was named Albert after his grandfather Prince Albert. As The Duke of York he had never expected or wished to succeed to the throne. He was naturally diffident and anxious, and suffered from a speech impediment. But he never lacked bravery or enterprise, and had a strong sense of Duty. He had fought as a young naval officer at the Battle of Jutland in World War I, and was the first member of the Royal Family to learn to fly. In 1923 he married Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.

They had two daughters Elizabeth, know as �Lilibet� who later became Queen Elizabeth II, and Margaret Rose �Princess Margaret�. He became King George VI in December 1936 following the death of his father George V and the abdication of his brother. Fortified by the influence of his Queen, who swiftly acquired immense popularity in her own right, George VI coped with the aftermath of the abdication in a way that quickly restored confidence in the monarchy. When the horrors of World War II descended shortly after�wards on Britain, and on London in particular, the royal couple rose superbly to the occasion. Initially sceptical of Winston Churchill, the King and his Prime Minister soon developed a close personal working relationship and they met regularly to discuss the progress of the War. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth stayed at what they and their subjects saw as their posts all through the Blitz, and showed love and care for their people in gestures that stilled the meanest critics. They narrowly escaped death when bombs exploded beside Buckingham Palace. Their daughters served in uniform, and the identification of the Royal Family with the national will was complete.

Following the War Britain entered a time of economic austerity and the British Empire began to be replaced by the Commonwealth of Nations as former colonies including India became independent. The war effort has been crushing and the King�s health was per�manently affected. He had been a heavy smoker and in had his left lung removed. He died suddenly in the winter of 1952. King George VI's Signature Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother - Biography - IMDb Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Biography Showing all 36 items Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (27) | Personal Quotes (1) Overview (5) 5' 2" (1.57 m) Mini Bio (1) Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother was born on August 4, 1900 in St. Paul's Waldenbury, Hertfordshire, England as Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon. She was married to King George VI . She died on March 30, 2002 in Windsor, Berkshire, England.

Spouse (1) ( 26 April 1923 - 6 February 1952) (his death) (2 children) Trade Mark (1) Always wore pastel clothes, a hat and pearls Trivia (27) After the accession of her daughter to the throne as Queen Elizabeth II , she was given the title of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. Was the first member of the British royal family to reach age 100. Fluent in French. Was of Scottish heritage. Great-grandchildren: Peter Phillips (b. 15 November 1977), Zara Tindall (b. 15 May 1981), Prince William (b. 21 June 1982), Prince Harry Windsor (b. 15 September 1984), Princess Beatrice of York (b. 8 August 1988), Princess Eugenie of York (b. 23 March 1990) and Lady Louise Windsor (b. 8 November 2003). Viscount Severn (b. 17 December 2007). Had 2 children: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary ( Queen Elizabeth II ) (b.

21 April 1926) and Princess Margaret Rose (b. 21 August 1930). Grandchildren: 'Prince Charles' (b. 14 November 1948), Princess Anne (b. 12 August 1950), Prince Andrew (b. 19 February 1960), David Armstrong-Jones [Viscount Linley] (b. 3 November 1961), Prince Edward ( Edward Wessex ) (b. 10 March 1964) and Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones (b. 1 May 1964). Became Queen Consort on husband King George VI 's accession to the throne in December 1936. Died less than two months after the death of her daughter, Princess Margaret , who died on February 7, 2002, of a stroke. Adolf Hitler called her Europe's most dangerous woman for her ability to boost the morale of the British people during the London blitz.

When Prince Albert, the future King George VI , proposed to Elizabeth in 1921, she turned him down: "afraid never, never again to be free to think, speak and act as I feel I really ought to." When he declared he would marry no other, his mother, the formidable Queen Mary - after visiting Glamis to see for herself the girl who had stolen her son's heart - arranged for Albert's rival, the Earl of Moray, to be conveniently dispatched to a post overseas, clearing the prince's way. On her wedding day, Elizabeth laid her bouquet at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on her way into Westminster Abbey, a gesture that every royal bride since has copied, though on the way back from the altar rather than to it. Her older brother, Fergus, was killed at the Battle of Loos. Another brother, Michael, was reported missing in action in May 1917. But he had actually been captured after being wounded and remained in a POW camp for the rest of the War. Born at her father's summer home. The fourth daughter and the ninth of ten children of the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Her favorite actor was John Wayne .

She was awarded the C.C. (Companion of the Order of Canada) on August 1, 2000 for her services to Canada. Was a fourth cousin of Oswald Mosley . Held the office of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports from 1978 to 2002 (her death), succeeding Sir Robert Gordon Menzies and Sir Winston Churchill to this ancient post. Upon the death of her husband, 'King George VI' (q), in 1952 she took up residence in the Royal Lodge at Windsor. Is portrayed by Helena Bonham Carter in The King's Speech (2010). Writer David Seidler , who suffered from a stutter as a child, found inspiration in her husband King George VI 's ability to overcome it, and asked her permission to write a play about it. Elizabeth gave her permission on one condition: it could not be produced until after her death, as she found the memories quite painful. Seidler agreed, and after her death, producers found his script for a play and proposed turning into a film instead. Her funeral preparations began back in 1969.

Attended the Royal Variety Performance on November 24th, 1986 where she saw among other things David Jason , Nicholas Lyndhurst and Buster Merryfield in character as Del Boy, Rodney Trotter and Uncle Albert from Only Fools and Horses.... (1981) in a four-minute sketch written by the show's creator, John Sullivan , where she was mistaken for Del's employer. When she waved to Jason, he almost dried because he wasn't expecting that. When they later met her, she said thank you; Jason was deeply touched, for five seconds when she said the exact same thing in the exact same tone to everyone else in the line. But Jason still said it was a lovely interlude. Her favourite comedy performers were Frankie Howerd and The Crazy Gang and she was a big fan of the sitcom Dad's Army (1968). She was a fan of the US sitcom The Golden Girls (1985) and requested it's four stars - Bea Arthur , Betty White , Rue McClanahan and Estelle Getty - to perform at the 1988 Royal Variety Performance.

She was a fan of the sitcom Keeping Up Appearances (1990) and of the series' star, Patricia Routledge . Personal Quotes (1) George VI facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about George VI The Oxford Companion to British History © The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. George VI (1895–1952), king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1936–52), and emperor of India . George was born at Sandringham on 14 December, the second son of the future George V and Queen Mary. It was the same day as the death of Prince Albert in 1861 and consequently he was christened Albert Frederick Arthur George, known as Bertie to the family. As a child Prince Albert lacked close emotional contact with his parents and was often overshadowed by his elder brother Edward. His subsequent insecurity meant he was intensely shy and developed a stammer. In 1909–13 he studied at the Naval College at Osborne and then Dartmouth. He was not renowned for intellectual capability but worked hard.

Prince Albert then spent time at sea on the battleship Collingwood but his active career was not a success. He suffered from chronic seasickness and spent long periods on sick leave for gastric troubles, culminating in an operation on a duodenal ulcer on 29 November 1917. However he was always eager to return to duty, both for his own sake and his father's, and served in the battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916. In 1919 he spent a year at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics, and civics, and in 1920 he was granted the title of duke of York. In 1919 he became president of the Industrial Welfare Socie7ty touring industrial areas, showing genuine concern for problems and developing the ‘human touch’. He also founded the Duke of York's camp in 1921 to promote better relations between boys of different class backgrounds. At this time he fell in love with Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, young, spirited, and attractive. She finally agreed to marry him in 1923 and the wedding took place on 26 April at Westminster abbey.

She was to be the stabilizing influence in his life and provide him with the love and support he had often been without. They had two daughters: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary born on 21 April 1926 and Margaret Rose born on 21 August 1930. They were devoted parents and formed a close family unit. The duke and duchess toured the empire, visiting Ireland and East Africa in 1924, and New Zealand and Australia in 1925, opening the new parliament building in Canberra on 9 May. His stammer was still evident and made it difficult to make public speeches. In 1925 he was put in touch with Lionel Rogue, a speech therapist, who over the years helped him become a more assured speaker. On 20 January 1936 George V died and by the end of the year Edward VIII had abdicated. The duke dreaded the prospect of becoming king, but resigned himself to the task. At the coronation on 12 May 1937 he was crowned George VI in an effort to restore a sense of continuity and stability.

George VI supported Chamberlain in his policy of appeasement before 1939 but with the outbreak of war was determined to retain the integrity of both nation and empire. Although initially sceptical of Churchill , they soon developed a close working partnership and the king remained well informed on most matters, including D-Day and the atomic bomb. The king and queen refused to leave London during the Blitz, although Buckingham palace was bombed nine times. The royal family shared a sense of common danger with the nation, toured devastated areas, met civilian workers, and the king devised the George Cross medal for civilian gallantry. He also shared the grief of loss when his youngest brother George, duke of Kent, was killed in action. He visited troops abroad: in North Africa (1943), in Italy (1944), and on the Normandy beaches just ten days after D-Day. The actions of the king and queen during wartime were a great boost to national morale. The post-war period was stressful for the king who fretted constantly. With Labour victory in 1945, he was worried at the scope and speed of the new legislative programme. Yet despite being a traditionalist, the king was not averse to social reform when necessary.

He watched with great regret the dissolution of the Indian empire. In 1947 he toured South Africa in an attempt to strengthen ties to the Commonwealth, the future of which he was anxious to secure. The strains of war and the post-war period took their toll on his health. On 12 March 1949 he had an operation to remove a thrombosis on his right leg and on 23 September 1951 he had the whole of his left lung removed. Both operations were a success but he fought a losing battle to regain his health, and died in his sleep at Sandringham on 6 February 1952. He enjoyed hunting and gardening, was an accomplished sportsman, and a devoted family man. Like his father, he was scrupulous in his attention to detail and formality. George VI was a man of simple tastes and understanding, but displayed a passionate devotion to duty that earned him both the respect and affection of his people. Richard A. Smith COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. George VI George VI (1895-1952) was king of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1936 to 1952.

He guided his country through World War II and the years of rapid transformation that followed. Prince Albert, as George VI was generally known during his early years, was the second son of the Duke of York (later George V); he was born at York Cottage, Sandringham, on Dec. 15, 1895. Although a sensitive, shy, and at times nervous child, he was happy and possessed a determined spirit. In 1909 he entered the Royal Naval College at Osborne and 2 years later went on to Dartmouth. At both institutions he won the respect of his teachers and his classmates. Afterward he entered the navy professionally. During the first years of World War I the prince served on the battleship Collingwood and later on the Malaya and while on the former participated in the Battle of Jutland (May 1916). Periods of illness, however, interrupted his service. Later in the war he was appointed to the Royal Naval Air Service, and in 1919 he became the first member of the royal family to receive a pilot's certificate. After the war Prince Albert spent a year at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he proved to be a keen and diligent student.

In 1920 George V created him Duke of York, and in this capacity he developed a special interest in industrial problems. His famous youth camps, where schoolboys and boys from industrial areas could spend weekends, were inaugurated in 1921. In 1923 he married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, and the two became a model royal couple. They had two children: Princess Elizabeth (April 21, 1926) and Princess Margaret (Aug. 21, 1930). Throughout the years between 1919 and his accession the Duke of York traveled widely. He gained a new confidence in himself and won the esteem of others. When his brother, Edward VIII, abdicated in 1936, the duke ascended to the throne as George VI. The new king brought to the monarchy a dignity, a compassion, and a broad understanding of human problems which served him well and compensated for his limited knowledge of political matters. As king, George VI continued to display the qualities that characterized his earlier life. He proved to be a valuable source of advice for his ministers.

In 1939 the King and Queen went to Canada in a precedent-breaking trip which was successful beyond expectations. As a result of this visit all talk of Canadian neutrality in the event of war ceased. That June the royal family proceeded to the United States, and the King became the first reigning British sovereign to enter that country. Throughout World War II he furthered Anglo-American unity. During the war he painstakingly carried out his many responsibilities and, together with the Queen, became a frequent visitor to the devastated areas of England. He identified with his people in their common suffering and gained their admiration. In postwar years he presided over far-reaching changes in the domestic and colonial realms. He died on Feb. 6, 1952. Further Reading Sir John W. Wheeler-Bennet, King George VI: His Life and Reign (1958), is a superb official biography that includes numerous samplings of the King's letters and diary comments. A King's Story: The Memoirs of the Duke of Windsor (1951) is useful for intimate reflections, and Harold G. Nicolson, King George V: His Life and Reign (1953), is an excellent companion volume.

□ Cite this article George VI (king of Great Britain and Ireland) The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright The Columbia University Press George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George), 1895–1952, king of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1936–52), second son of George V; successor of his elder brother, Edward VIII . He attended the royal naval colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth and served in World War I. Later he served in the Royal Air Force. He studied at Cambridge for a time after the war, was created duke of York in 1920, and married (1923) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. They had two daughters: Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II ) and Princess Margaret . When Edward VIII abdicated on Dec. 11, 1936, George became king. He and his consort were crowned on May 12, 1937. They made a state visit to France in July, 1938, and an unprecedented royal voyage to Canada and the United States in 1939.

During World War II the king worked to keep up British morale by visiting bombed areas, inspecting war plants, and touring theaters of war action. In 1947 the royal family made a state visit and tour of South Africa. A tour of Australia and New Zealand, scheduled for 1949, was postponed indefinitely because of the king's illness at the end of 1948. Like his father, George was held in deep affection by his people. He was succeeded by Elizabeth II. See biography by S. Bradford (1989). Cite this article Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, 1900-2002. Her Life and Times The Queen Mother as a young girl H.M. Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother Early Days Lady Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, was born on August 4th, 1900, at the family home at St Paul's Waldenbury. Her parents were the Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne.

She spent much of her youth at Glamis Castle, the Scottish family seat of the Strathmore family and almost all of her education was at home, although for a short while she spent time at a day school in London. Elizabeth was a keen needlewoman, enjoyed cooking and music as well as the outdoor activities of 'a well-bred gentlewoman' to quote a newspaper of the day. At Glamis she learnt to put duty to others before herself and during the First World War, The Great War, was actively involved in the nursing of injured soldiers from 'the trenches' when Glamis Castle was turned into a military hospital. Although too young to be a nurse she helped in many other ways, often writing letters and playing cards with the patients. She would have experienced personally at a young age the great sadness of losing a member of the family when her brother, Fergus, was killed in battle. Another brother, Michael, was held prisoner for two years. There is no doubt that Elizabeth captured the hearts of the nation the moment she married The Duke of York on April 26th 1923. This was a little before her 24th birthday, and just three months after their engagement had been announced.

During the first part of their honeymoon at Polesden Lacey, Surrey. 1923 It is said that Lady Elizabeth had refused Prince Albert's original proposal of marriage on three earlier occasions but there is no doubt that theirs was a truly happy marriage and now, as The Duchess of York, she gave birth to two children. Princess Elizabeth, (to become HM Queen Elizabeth II) was born on April 21st 1926 and christened Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, and Princess Margaret Rose who was born on August 21st 1930 and died on 9th February 2002. In 1931 The Duke and Duchess of York, now with two young daughters, were looking for a quiet retreat in the country away from their London home and new-found press interest. They decided upon Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park and it is there that the two princesses spent much of their childhood with their parents. It is therefore for over 70 years that special links have existed between Windsor, the late King George VI, our present Queen and The Queen Mother. Throughout the early years of their marriage, both The Duke and the Duchess worked long and hard on a wide variety of public engagements and projects.

For example, they visited factories and industrial centres, he becoming known as the "Industrial Prince". He founded The Duke of York's Camp (associated with the Industrial Welfare Society of which he was President), and he became President also of the National Playing Fields Association, Much of the newsreel footage of the time shows him enthusiastically joining in with all the other participants in a variety of camps for young people from all backgrounds. Both the Duke and the Duchess were keen supporters of the Scouts and Guides, both in the UK and abroad. The Duchess of York visits disabled servicemen with the Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, looking at camera. George VI The Early Days as Duke of York The young Prince Albert was an excellent sportsman, having 'the quickest eye for a ball in the family'. He enjoyed golf and especially tennis, playing in the men's doubles at Wimbledon in 1926. He was born at Sandringham on December 14th 1895 and had been educated for the Navy, a career he chose for himself. He entered the Navy as an ordinary cadet and although he did not excel in other studies, his seamanship was first rate.

Examinations, he confessed later usually found him 'at the bottom of the list." But when handling a boat he excelled. Prince Albert saw active service during the First World War aboard HMS Collingwood during the Battle of Jutland. He later suffered gastric trouble and eventually had to undergo an operation for a duodenal ulcer which put paid to his naval career. He transferred to the Royal Naval Air Station at Cranwell to be one of the first officers to be absorbed into the Royal Air Force when the naval arm combined with the Royal Flying Corps. Combining royal engagements with his flying training, he gained his wings in 1919, by all accounts taking his final test in poor weather, contrary to strong advice. At this time Albert specialised in social and industrial work at home, a subject that was a natural interest to him, and not a duty. It must be said that he suffered from a stutter, at times quite serious, and although he did not make friends as readily as his older brother, his concern for living conditions and problems in various parts of the country led people to appreciate his genuine concerns. In 1920 Prince Albert was created Duke of York and at this time already knew Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.

He was obviously in love with her and on several occasions asked her to marry him, but it was to be three years before she accepted his latest proposal, marrying after a three month engagement on April 26th 1923. Queen Mary, wife of George V said of her, "She is not one of these modern girls, thank Heaven!". Throughout the late twenties and thirties the Duke and Duchess of York went about their public duties very conscientiously, and although the Duke did not receive so much press attention as his older brother, his wife and young daughters were regularly featured. Coronation Day, 12th May 1937, and at 4.45 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth make their State Entry into Windsor following the Coronation Service at Westminster Abbey in London. The Abdication Crisis The Major Turning Point in the life of The Queen Mother The scenes illustrated here, below the walls of Windsor Castle, marked not only a major turning point in the Queen Mother's life but also for the monarchy in the United Kingdom.

For it was in Windsor Great Park, at Fort Belvedere, not London, that the final momentous climax of the Abdication Crisis was played out, and which led to the Duchess of York's husband becoming King George VI and her to become Queen Elizabeth. A photograph of Fort Belvedere in the early 1900s. The extensive mansion is behind the original tower, shown here. In an 'Instrument of Abdication' dated 10th December 1936, Edward VIII had renounced the throne of England in order to marry Mrs Simpson, an American divorcee. The 'Instrument' reads: I, Edward the Eighth, of Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Emperor of India, do hereby declare My irrevocable determination to renounce the Throne for Myself and for My descendants, and My desire that effect should be given to this Instrument of Abdication immediately. In token whereof I have hereunto set My hand this tenth day of December, nineteen hundred and thirty six, in the presence of the witnesses whose signatures are subscribed. SIGNED AT The Instrument of Abdication.

(Capitalisation is as the original) The Instrument was signed by Edward VIII and his three brothers, Albert, previously Duke of York and now succeeding as George VI, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and Prince George, Duke of Kent. The Abdication was the climax to a major constitutional crisis in the life of the UK giving rise to newspaper headlines such as "The King: Cabinet Crisis" and "The King: Grave Issues". It is also certain that Queen Elizabeth had no desire either for her husband to become king or for her daughter, Princess Elizabeth, to one day inherit the throne. With the Abdication their lives were to change substantially. One can only guess at the conversations between The Duke of York, his wife, and Edward VIII towards the end of 1936 as Edward wrestled with his responsibilities and duties as King and with his love for Mrs Simpson. He had acceded to the throne on 20th January 1936 following the death of George V at Sandringham less than a year earlier.

He had immediately made significant changes to royal procedures, such as being the first monarch to accept that flying had become sufficiently risk-free that it could become routine, and that he should make impromptu visits to the homes of ordinary people as a part of his public duties. He was not however comfortable with the prospect of a lifetime undertaking royal duties, while at the same time he had the impossible constitutional difficulties associated with marrying the divorcee, Mrs Simpson. Towards the end of 1936, as the constitutional crisis deepened, Mrs Simpson obtained a divorce, and although her name had appeared regularly in the Court Circular as a guest at Buckingham Palace, and had cruised with the Duke in the Mediterranean on the yacht 'Nahlin', little had been reported in the English papers. By October, however, reports in the American press caused alarm in London, such that Prime Minister Baldwin discussed the matter personally with King Edward VIII. The problems were many, not least that in the event of a royal marriage, Mrs Simpson would become Queen, a prospect that, as a divorcee, would at that time have been totally unacceptable to the public, the church and parliament, both at home as well as overseas.

As King, Edward was head of the Church of England, 'Defender of the Faith', and was expected and required to uphold religious belief. Marriage to a divorcee was therefore quite out of the question. Only in early December were the stories and rumours finally confirmed by the newspapers in the UK and for 10 days the matter was on everyone's lips. It is said that "The Empire rocked on its very foundations" and, as the crisis gathered momentum, Mrs Simpson left for France. Despite much diplomatic manoeuvering throughout the early days of that month, it eventually became clear to Edward VIII that he had no option but to abdicate, no other acceptable alternatives being open to him. At 10pm on 11th December 1936, Sir John Reith of the BBC came over the airwaves. "This is Windsor Castle," he said. "His Royal Highness Prince Edward". The nation was shocked. Prince Edward!

Then the former king spoke quietly to the waiting world stating that he had abdicated in order to be with "the woman I love." After the broadcast, the BBC closed down for the night and Edward was driven to Portsmouth where the waiting destroyer HMS Fury slipped out of harbour bound for Boulogne with the ex-King on board. On December 14, 1936 he was reported to be in Vienna, Austria, where he was staying with Baroness Rothschild, the newspapers already referring to him as The Duke of Windsor. There is more about Edward VIII, including the Abdication Speech, here. The former Edward VIII seated at a table making a radio broadcast. Whilst this may be a posed photograph, there must be a number of similarities between this and the Abdication broadcast. The microphones are believed to be disguised by the large wooden structures on the desk. Wiring is visible beyond the table. After The Abdication and the War Years In December 1936, The Duke of York had become King George VI and his wife, his Queen Consort.

It is fortunate for the monarchy, and for the United Kingdom, that the queen was the woman she was, and the king the man he was, for, as the next 15 years were to show, they restored the image of the Monarchy and earned the love and respect of the nation, especially in the war years. The King and Queen were a very happy couple, with two delightful daughters, and it is no doubt that the King relied heavily upon the staunch support and encouragement of his Queen in the totally unexpected position they both now found themselves in. They succeeded magnificently and this is primarily due to the influence of Queen Elizabeth. At what point the family became aware of the great challenge that lay ahead of them is unclear, and it may be that Edward VIII's decision to abdicate was taken in a very short time indeed once the pressures became too great. The Duchess of York would doubtless have prayed that her family be spared the huge responsibilities of the monarchy, but it was not to be, so as 1937 dawned, Elizabeth found her 'beloved Bertie', succeeding as King George VI, a situation that it is very likely they both had dreaded.

However, it must also be said that both the King and Queen undertook their new duties with a high degree of responsibility. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth arrive at the foot of Castle Hill, by the statue of Queen Victoria. 12th May 1937 A detail from the first photograph as King George VI and his Queen arrive beside the Queen Victoria Statue, Castle Hill Initially the new King and his Queen were not often seen in public. It was reported at the time that for the first two months of his reign he was, with characteristic thoroughness, learning all he could of his new role, and the expectations of the State. Those appearances that he did make included an exhausting tour of the The British Industries Fair at the White City, with Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary, his mother. In March, George VI and Queen Elizabeth were to be seen at the Grand National at Aintree and the next day in Liverpool, where they were greeted enthusiastically. He seemed more assured, losing the nervousness that he displayed as a younger man. George was rising to the requirements of the job, with the substantial support and encouragement of his wife, and the public appreciated his dedication. Queen Elizabeth remained ever popular whilst a dignity and poise crept into her jolly manner.

George VI had a major problem to contend with and that was his obvious stutter when speaking in public. He made great advances in trying to overcome this affliction, and in later years it was all but overcome, but in the first few years of his reign, it weighed heavily on his mind. George was also a smoker, and a heavy one at that. In his youth there was almost no concern over the health implications of smoking, it was totally acceptable, with cigarettes being offered around in every social gathering without a second thought. It was, however, to lead to his early death, compounded by the strain and worry of his position. Even in the early days of his reign George VI's health was not perfect, and Queen Elizabeth knew that he should take things carefully, but even though he retreated to Windsor for much of the time in the period of preparation prior to the Coronation, that did not prevent him from meeting upwards of 30, sometimes 70, people in a day. On 23rd April 1937, St George's Day, George VI unveiled the George V Memorial at the foot of the castle walls at Windsor, where it is said he made his first public speech since becoming king.

[Unveiling Memorial and Speech] The Coronation was by now little more than three weeks away and it was reported by the Daily Express newspaper at the time that "It was an exhausting period, but the King survived it triumphantly and when May 12th arrived, was able to sustain his burden as the central figure in the great pageant of the Coronation with assurance and dignity." In 2003 an illuminating letter was released and is now available to view in The National Archive, ref. PREM1/467. The letter, handwritten by George VI, was sent to The Prime Minister at the time, Neville Chamberlain. It is dated December 14th 1938 and discusses 'my brother in Paris', the Duke of Windsor. In the letter George VI states that he had 'heard from all sides that there was strong feeling amongst all classes that my brother should not return here even for a short visit with the Duchess of Windsor...

it would not be at all wise for him to contemplate such a visit.' George VI goes on to write that 'neither the Queen nor Queen Mary have any desire to meet the Duchess of Windsor and therefore any visit made for the purpose of introducing her to members of the Royal Family obviously becomes impossible.' George VI suggests that this decision would be taken 'in a more kindly manner from you than from me! Believe me, Yours very sincerely, George RI'. In other words, the king is of the view that the Prime Minister should tell the Duke of Windsor not to make plans to come to the UK. The National Archives includes other letters on the subject. Although the strain between the Royal Family and the Duke and Duchess of Windsor could be guessed at, it was kept in the background for many years. In the meantime a new image was fostered of the Royal Family, an image that the public took to wholeheartedly. There is no doubt that Elizabeth and George VI were devoted to each other and their two children and this great affection was appreciated not just by the British, but around the world. After only two years on the throne, George VI and his consort were plunged into war with Germany.

Although many of the Royal Family's relations were German, and indeed the ex-king Edward VIII was known to spend much of his time in Germany, it is absolutely certain that George VI and Elizabeth were unshakably committed to the war effort against the Fascists. They refused to allow their children, the princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, to leave the UK, "The children won't leave without me, I won't leave without the king, and the king will never leave," Queen Elizabeth said, so although many children were being evacuated to farms and other homes around the country, and even overseas to Canada, they themselves remained at home, either at Windsor or at Buckingham Palace, even though London was under heavy bombing for much of the early part of the war. It was seemingly with delight, certainly relief, when Buckingham Palace received a direct hit and the Royal Family were able to announce, as they toured the East End of London after a night of particularly heavy bombing, that now they knew exactly how the East Enders felt as their home too had been bombed! The Queen Mother told of how she and the King had actually seen the bomb fall, as they were only a matter of a hundred or so metres away.

Their total commitment to royal duties endeared the King and Queen to the public, and this fondness endured long after the death of the King in 1952. Queen Mother walks to St George's Chapel during the Garter Ceremony, 1980 The King's untimely death, when The Queen Mother was only 51, was a devastating blow to her. For a while she understandably wanted to retreat from public life but, with encouragement from Winston Churchill, the then Prime Minister, Queen Elizabeth returned to public life. The fact that she 'reinvented' herself within a few months as The Queen Mother, in support of her daughter, now Queen Elizabeth II, was testimony to her loyalty and devotion to her royal duties, working tirelessly and undertaking countless engagements. In the following 50 years, The Queen Mother undertook engagements both in the UK and overseas and even at the age of 101 was to be seen at a public engagement in Portsmouth aboard HMS Ark Royal, a British aircraft carrier, where she was greeted enthusiastically by the entire ship's company.

Even into her eighties she was undertaking 150 engagements annually, with the attendant 'homework' beforehand, and in her 90s was still actively involved in at least one engagement a week, such was her strong sense of duty. This sense of duty has been passed on to her daughter Queen Elizabeth II, and her grandsons, especially Prince Charles who continues the precedent set by his grandmother, and to whom he was very close. Reactions in Windsor following the death of the Queen Mother Flags on all council buildings were flown at half-mast on the announcement of the death of the Queen Mother on Saturday March 30th 2002 and the Mayor, Cllr John Tryon, sent a message to the Queen conveying the Royal Borough's deepest sympathy. Cllr Tryon said; "We are deeply saddened by the death of the Queen's beloved mother, particularly since it is such a short time after the death of her sister.

"The Queen Mother had long associations with the Royal Borough and, as a mark of the high esteem in which she was held, she was created an honorary freeman in May 1980, an occasion remembered warmly by the many thousands of people who took part in, or witnessed, the memorable occasion. Our thoughts are with the Queen, her family and friends at this very sad time." Funeral Arrangements Her Majesty was laid to rest beside her husband, King George VI, in St George's Chapel following a Royal Ceremonial Funeral at Westminster Abbey at 11.30am on Tuesday, 9th April. Princess Margaret's casket was also moved from the Royal Vault and interred alongside in the vault of the King George VI Memorial Chapel. Immediately following her death Queen Elizabeth's coffin rested in the Royal Chapel of All Saints, Windsor Great Park, draped in her personal Standard, and with a single wreath of pink camelias placed on top. These were taken from the gardens of Royal Lodge. At one point a vigil was mounted by four gamekeepers from Windsor Great Park dressed in traditional 'Windsor Tweed'.

On Tuesday 2nd April, her coffin was taken by road to The Queen's Chapel, at St James's Palace in London where it rested until Friday, 5th April, the day of the Royal Ceremonial Procession to Westminster Hall for the Lying-in-State. The Royal Ceremonial Funeral Procession from the chapel at St. James' Palace to Westminster was a full State Funeral Procession in all but name. State Funerals are reserved for sovereigns, and British statesmen with the request of Parliament, the last such State Funeral being on January 30, 1965, for Sir Winston Churchill, and before that, in 1952 following the death of HM The Queen Mother's husband, King George VI. Strictly speaking, Her Majesty was Queen Consort. In absolutely glorious weather, and watched by crowds numbering almost half a million, her coffin was carried through the streets of London to Westminster Hall, for the Lying-in-State. For four days thereafter members of the public passed through the ancient hall to pay their respects.

From the Friday to the Monday, London enjoyed excellent weather, although cold at night, and at times the queues stretched three miles down-river to a point almost opposite St Paul's at Bankside, now the Tate Modern Art Gallery. This demonstration of respect and affection for the Late Queen caught many by surprise, not least Black Rod, whose responsibilities include State occasions at the Palace of Westminster. He had been planned for the Hall to be closed overnight, but such was the public's desire to file past the catafalque, arrangements were hurriedly made to keep the hall open throughout the night. Despite a chill wind at night, but with warm sunshine during the day, several hundred thousand members of the public witnessed the Lying-in-State. At 6.00am on Tuesday, the doors were closed for the last time. Some newspapers too were taken by surprise, and quite contrary to claims that little notice would be taken of the funeral of an old lady, the public responded in their hundreds of thousands. Public Affection for The Queen Mother There is little doubt that the death of HM Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother, was an occasion of great sadness. Her grace, zest for life and profound sense of duty had been an example to us all.

Little wonder therefore that the public responded in such great numbers to mark her passing. All were aware of the great contribution that she had made to the life of this country and although many of her most significant achievements occurred during the war when she was only in her forties, the public's affection has endured for well over half a century thereafter. This affection has continued in more recent years because she continued to play an active role in public life well into her 101st year. We are justly proud and grateful for her memory.

Question: King George VI had two daughters: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary and which other?
Answer: Margaret Rose