Westminster Abbey » Elizabeth I Coronation Date: 15 Jan, 1559 Funeral Date: 28 Apr, 1603 Location in the Abbey: Lady chapel Type of memorial: Tomb Type of material: Marble Queen Elizabeth I was the daughter of King Henry VIII by Anne Boleyn and was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533. She succeeded her half-sister Mary I in 1558. Queen Elizabeth was the foundress of the present Collegiate Church of St Peter (the formal title for the Abbey) in 1560 (by charter of 21 May) and her long reign was one of the most brilliant in English history. It is remembered for the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the execution of Mary Queen of Scots and for voyages of exploration and discovery. The colony of Virginia in America was named after the "Virgin Queen". Literature flourished in her reign with writers such as William Shakespeare and Edmund Spenser . Noted for her vanity and love of jewels and dancing she had many admirers but never married.

One of her "favourites" Sir Walter Raleigh is buried in St Margaret's Westminster and he is shown with the Queen in the stained glass in the west window there. Coronation She was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 15 January 1559 by Dr Oglethorpe, Bishop of Carlisle. The Archbishop of Canterbury usually performs this ceremony but the See was vacant at that time and the Archbishop of York had refused to take the service. The English language was used for the first time within the previously all Latin service. Burial Her death, at Richmond Palace, on 24 March 1603 was an occasion of universal mourning. For some days the body lay at Richmond and then was brought by barge to Whitehall Palace to lie in state. Thousands of people turned out to see her funeral procession to the Abbey on 28 April 1603 when there was "such a general sighing, groaning and weeping as the like hath not been seen or known in the memory of man". The coffin, covered in purple velvet, was borne on a chariot drawn by four grey horses with black trappers. The coloured wooden funeral effigy lay on top of the coffin.

Her body was encased in lead within the wooden coffin and first buried in the vault of her grandfather King Henry VII (underneath his monument) in the Abbey. Funeral effigy The original funeral effigy, by John Colt (brother of Maximilian), that had been carried on her hearse was remade in 1760 with a wax head and new outer clothes. The original, and unique, corset from the 1603 effigy still survives however and after recent conservation was displayed separately from the clothed effigy. In 1606 her coffin was moved to the north aisle of Henry VII's chapel and laid on top of the coffin of her half-sister Mary I under the monument which was erected for Elizabeth by her successor King James I. Monument The large white marble monument (less tall than the monument James later erected for his mother Mary, Queen of Scots in the opposite aisle of the chapel) was made by sculptor Maximilian Colt and painted by Jan de Critz. The recumbent effigy resembles portraits of the Queen in old age. The cost was £1485.

The gilded collar, with a representation of the "Burgundy" or "Three Brothers" pendant, was added in 1975 and made by Mrs H.Hughes. The crown (designed by Janet Arnold). the cross on the orb and the sceptre the Queen holds are also modern replacements, the originals having been stolen centuries ago. These were the gift of Mr Brian Court Mappin. The railing around the tomb (designed by J.Peter Foster in 1983) is another modern replacement for a lost original. Although the effigy is now just white marble a drawing found in Germany, dated 1618-20, shows the queen wearing an ermine lined crimson robe with a blue orb in her hand, a coloured dress and flesh colouring on her face. The four lions at each corner of the effigy were gilded. No trace of this colour now remains.

The Latin inscriptions can be translated: "Sacred to memory: Religion to its primitive purity restored, peace settled, money restored to its just value, domestic rebellion quelled, France relieved when involved with intestine divisions; the Netherlands supported; the Spanish Armada vanquished; Ireland almost lost by rebels, eased by routing the Spaniard; the revenues of both universities much enlarged by a Law of Provisions; and lastly, all England enriched. Elizabeth, a most prudent governor 45 years, a victorious and triumphant Queen, most strictly religious, most happy, by a calm and resigned death at her 70th year left her mortal remains, till by Christ's Word they shall rise to immortality, to be deposited in the Church [the Abbey], by her established and lastly founded. She died the 24th of March, Anno 1602 [this is Old Style dating, now called 1603], of her reign the 45th year, of her age the 70th. To the eternal memory of Elizabeth queen of England, France and Ireland, daughter of King Henry VIII, grand-daughter of King Henry VII, great-grand-daughter to King Edward IV.

Mother of her country, a nursing-mother to religion and all liberal sciences, skilled in many languages, adorned with excellent endowments both of body and mind, and excellent for princely virtues beyond her sex. James, king of Great Britain, France and Ireland, hath devoutly and justly erected this monument to her whose virtues and kingdoms he inherits." On the base of the monument: "Partners in throne and grave, here we sleep Elizabeth and Mary, sisters in [the] hope of the Resurrection". Tomb dimensions of the tomb in metres: 3 x 4.3 Essex Ring The so-called "Essex Ring" that the Queen is said to have given to one of her favourites, Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, was presented to the Abbey by Ernest Makower in 1927. She had, as the story goes, given this to Essex saying that should he ever be in trouble he should return it to her and she would save him. This he endeavoured to do when under sentence of death but the ring fell into the hands of his enemies and never reached the Queen.

After Robert's execution in 1601 the ring was returned to his widow and descended from mother to daughter through the family until it was sold by the Thynne family in 1911. This is gold with a sardonyx cameo bust of the Queen, who wears an auburn wig. The inside is enamelled with blue flowers, probably forget me nots, on a gold ground. The ring was originally fixed on a mount on the side of the tomb but was later moved to the Abbey Museum. It appears to have been made for a female finger and to have been subsequently enlarged. Portrait of the Queen A portrait of the Queen hangs in the Dean's residence. This is dated 1595 and was given by Joseph Wilcocks, Dean of Westminster. The face was overpainted in the 18th century to make her look more youthful. Photographs of the tomb, funeral effigy, corset, portrait and ring can be purchased from Westminster Abbey Library: library@westminster-abbey.org The Abbey Museum is now closed but the effigy, corset and ring will be displayed in the new Jubilee Galleries due to open in 2018.

See also Martyrs of the Reformation entry on History-Famous People for the stone set in the floor beside Elizabeth and Mary's tomb. Further reading The Elizabeth Files » Where is Elizabeth I buried? Where is Elizabeth I buried? Rating: +2 Elizabeth I is buried at Westminster Abbey. However, her father Henry VIII is buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle and her mother Anne Boleyn, who was executed and buried as a traitor, is buried under the floor of the Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula at the Tower of London. Related Pages 8 Responses to “Where is Elizabeth I buried?” Student Reaserching For A. Project says: Thanks was very helpful for that one Where was she buried Detail :> :> :> :> :> 🙂 :0 Dawn August 10, 2012 at 4:56 pm Elizabeth is buried in the same tomb as her sister, Queen Mary, in Westminster Abbey. however In Mary’s Will, Mary asked to be buried with her Mother, Catherine of Aragon. I have always wondered why her final wishes were ignored in this way. Suggestions?

I have always also found it somewhat ironic that these two half sisters who were such enemies in life, should be destined to spend eternity resting together in the same tomb!!! Maranda November 1, 2012 at 4:16 pm Thanks for the info, but I already knew it was Westminister Abbey. I kind of wanted to know what the tomb in which Queen Elizabeth and Mary were buried in says. In the photographs that I have found, its a little blurry. It would be great if you could post what it says. Tudor Q and A: Question from Nina - Elizabeth and Mary's burial Question from Nina - Elizabeth and Mary's burial Was Elizabeth I buried on top of her sister? Why was this done? Posted by 15 comments: PhD Historian said... I did some looking around in sources from the period as well as in scholarly books on the subject, but I find no reference to the specific placement of the bodies of Mary and Elizabeth in the vault beneath the tomb structure. One reference says that Elizabeth was "laid to rest next to" Mary, but offers no source for that statement.

It's just a guess on my part, but having visited the Abbey several times and seen the tomb, I'm betting the vault beneath the tomb structure is probably large enough to accommodate the coffins or sarcophagi side-by-side without a need for stacking. Does anyone have more precise information than my guessing? Lara said... My copy of the Official Guide (1997 edition) says this: "Beneath the coffin of Elizabeth rests that of her half-sister Queen Mary. The stones from the broken altars were piled upon Mary's grave during the whole of her sister's reign." However, I don't know how much of this information is from direct inspection. For what it's worth! May 02, 2009 9:42 PM Diane said... Elizabeth's coffin was placed on top of Mary's according to the "Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey" by Arthur Penrhyn Stanley. He was Dean of Westminster during the reign of Queen Victoria and he was involved in the search for the body of James I. During the search, the tomb of Mary and Elizabeth was opened and the coffins were observed.

From volume 1 of Dean Stanley's book: "In that contracted sepulchre, admitting of none other but those two, the stately coffin of Elizabeth rests on the coffin of Mary." And from the appendix entitled "The Royal Vaults" in volume 3: "It was instantly evident that it enclosed two coffins, and two only, and it could not be doubted that these contained Elizabeth and her sister Mary. The upper one, larger and more distinctly shaped in the form of the body, like that of Mary Queen of Scots, rested on the other." "There was no disorder or decay, except that the centering wood had fallen over the head of Elizabeth's coffin, and that the wood case had crumbled away at the sides, and had drawn away part of the decaying lid. No coffin-plate could be discovered, but fortunately the dim light fell on a fragment of the lid slightly carved. This led to a further search, and the original inscription was discovered.

There was the Tudor badge, a full double rose deeply, but simply incised in outline on the middle of the cover, -- on each side the august initials E.R., and below, the memorable date 1603." This appendix also contains accounts of the tombs of Mary Queen of Scots: Edward VI; Henry VII and Elizabeth of York (this is where James was found); some later Stuarts; and many others. I've forgotten how to cite properly, but my Volume one was part of the fifth edition and it was printed in New York by Anson D.F.Randolph in 1882. R The reference was from page 211. Volume 3 is from the sixth edition and it was also printed in New York by Randolph in 1887. The reference is on pages 264 and 265. May 04, 2009 4:40 AM PhD Historian said... Diane, that is fascinating! Ya gotta love those 19th century antiquarians for their morbid interest in opening old tombs ... and for giving us the answers! Thanks for expanding my knowledge!

October 12, 2009 11:11 PM Anonymous said... The question I still have is why did she choose to be buried with her sister? I mean were they that close despite Anne Boleyn ruining Mary's life? July 16, 2011 5:03 PM Anonymous said... Henry was going to have a new wife, period. It didn't have to be Anne but somebody was going to replace Mary's mother. He wanted and believed he needed sons. At least he didn't kill his daughters. By the time Mary got to the throne she was mentally and emotionally twisted. After all the people she murdered in her brief reign, I sort of like the idea of Elizabeth's coffin pressing down on hers through the centuries. I wonder if Elizabeth chose where she would be buried and why. edhat1 said... Elizabeth's 1sts body was originally laid in the tomb next to Henry V11. James 1sts Mother, mary Queen of Scots was buried in a more humble position, and removed Elizabeth from that tomb, and laid on top of Mary 1st.

James 1st replaced his Mother Mary Queen of Scots with the fines stones from Elizabeths tomb, probably to make a statement that he was now monarch, and in recompense for what Elizabeth did to her. James did a lot of 'shuffling around' with tombs in the Abbey, trying to make The Stuarts more prominant. Der Geezer von Tampadorf said... If you will check with Westminster Abbey's website, you will see that neither 'chose' where or how they were to be buried. From that website: "She was first buried in the vault of her grandfather, King Henry VII, in the Abbey. Her successor, King James I, erected the large white marble monument to her memory in the north aisle of the Lady Chapel at a cost of £1485. This was made by sculptor Maximilian Colt and painted by Jan de Critz and her body was moved to it in 1606. Elizabeth I was the last monarch buried in the Abbey to have a monument erected above her. The recumbent effigy resembles portraits of the Queen in old age.

The crown and collar which she wears are modern replacements, as are the orb and sceptre she carries, the originals having been stolen centuries ago. The original wax effigy carried on her funeral hearse was remade in 1760 and it can be seen in the Abbey Museum. Also displayed there is the so-called "Essex Ring" that the Queen is said to have given to one of her favourites, the Earl of Essex. Her half-sister, Queen Mary Tudor, (1516-1558), daughter of Henry VIII by Catherine of Aragon, is also buried beneath this monument. The inscriptions are in Latin and can be translated: "Sacred to memory: Religion to its primitive purity restored, peace settled, money restored to its just value, domestic rebellion quelled, France relieved when involved with intestine divisions; the Netherlands supported; the Spanish Armada vanquished; Ireland almost lost by rebels, eased by routing the Spaniard; the revenues of both universities much enlarged by a Law of Provisions; and lastly, all England enriched.

Elizabeth, a most prudent governor 45 years, a victorious and triumphant Queen, most strictly religious, most happy, by a calm and resigned death at her 70th year left her mortal remains, till by Christ's Word they shall rise to immortality, to be deposited in the Church [the Abbey], by her established and lastly founded. She died the 24th of March, Anno 1602 [this is Old Style dating, now called 1603], of her reign the 45th year, of her age the 70th. To the eternal memory of Elizabeth queen of England, France and Ireland, daughter of King Henry VIII, grand-daughter of King Henry VII, great-grand-daughter to King Edward IV. Mother of her country, a nursing-mother to religion and all liberal sciences, skilled in many languages, adorned with excellent endowments both of body and mind, and excellent for princely virtues beyond her sex.

James, king of Great Britain, France and Ireland, hath devoutly and justly erected this monument to her whose virtues and kingdoms he inherits" On the base of the monument: Partners in throne and grave, here we sleep, Elizabeth and Mary, sisters, in hope of the Resurrection." ~Mike in Tampa YMMundrabilla said... This is my first post, although I have been a 'lurker'at the site for some time and found it most interesting. It is some years since I have been to Westminster but one question lingers in my mind. If we take the tomb of Elizabeth I (for example) one sees the railing protected effigy on a box type of structure all more or less above floor level. My question is where are the actual remains located? Are they in the box structure above the floor or are they in a coffin completely separate in a crypt below floor level somewhere meaning that the structure that one sees is really only a memorial of sorts. Any information will be greatly appreciated, please. Derrick Williams said... As Diane said, according to Stanley's account of the Henry VII chapel vaults, Elizabeth and Mary's remains are in coffins deposited in a vault below their memorials.

I don't believe either coffins has ever been opened, they opened the vault itself for a quick peek in the 19th century and saw their two coffins were stacked one on the other, Elizabeth on top of Mary. They were looking for King James I's body and didn't see it here, so they closed the vault back up. I don't know if anyone has been in there since that time. The tomb of Elizabeth the first and Mary the first - YouTube The tomb of Elizabeth the first and Mary the first Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jul 6, 2010 My first ever visit to Westminster Abbey, no disrespect was meant in this filming at all. Category Queen Elizabeth I – Virgin Queen London Sites | Tudor Tour Queen Elizabeth I Attractions in London Hampton Court Palace After her father’s death, Elizabeth was held under guard in the Water Gallery on the order of her sister, Queen Mary I , who suspected Elizabeth of being involved in a plot to usurp the throne.

When Elizabeth became Queen, she entertained guests here and enjoyed gardening in the beautiful grounds. Photo credit: Hampton Court Palace Grounds Sudeley Castle (Gloucestershire) Elizabeth lived at Sudeley Castle during her teenage years, along with King Henry’s last wife Catherine Parr and her cousin Lady Jane Grey. Photo credit: Sudeley Castle Westminster Abbey Queen Elizabeth’s tomb is in Westminster Abbey, and was created in her image. Her sister Queen Mary I is buried in a coffin below hers in the same tomb. Get Your Free One-Page Tudor London Tour Guide Print out this free one-page London tour guide, which includes: Top Tudor sites in or directly outside London Why each London attraction is significant to the Tudors Which tube stop is closest to each Tudor attraction, so you can easily find each London attraction Download Now Westminster Abbey Tours | Tudors Buried at Westminster Abbey | Tudor Tour Tudor Coronations at Westminster Abbey King Henry VIII’s Coronation Henry VIII and his first wife Katherine of Aragon were coronated on Sunday June 24th, 1509. On the day prior to the coronation, Henry and Katherine processed from the Tower of London to Whitehall .

On the morning of the coronation, they arrived at the Palace of Westminster and walked from there to the Abbey. Queen Katherine sat on a lower chair than King Henry . Henry would later retracted his coronation oath when seeking a divorce from Katherine to marry Anne Boleyn . Anne was the only other one of his queens to be coronated; her’s took place on June 1st, 1533. Tudor Coronations at Westminster Abbey: Tudor coronations at Westminster Abbey include: Henry VII and Elizabeth of York Tudor Burials at Westminster Abbey King Henry VII and Queen Elizabeth of York Henry VII and his wife Elizabeth are entombed in the Chapel of King Henry VII on the East side of Westminster Abbey. Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Mary I : These half-sisters are buried in the same tomb, which appears in the image of Elizabeth. The inscription on the tomb is in Latin, and translates to: “Partners both in throne and grave, here rest we two sisters, Elizabeth and Mary, in the hope of one resurrection.” You can find their tomb nestled just to the left of the Chapel of King Henry VII on the East side of Westminster Abbey.

Tudor Tombs and Burials Tudor Tombs and Burials Tudor Tombs and Burials Lady Margaret Beaufort (31 May 1443 – 29 June 1509) Lady Margaret Beaufort was the mother of King Henry VII and grandmother of King Henry VIII. Lady Margaret Beaufort died on the 29 June 1509 at the Abbot of Westminster’s house, only five days after the coronation of her grandson. On the 9 July 1509, her body was buried in the south aisle of the Henry VII Lady Chapel (Westminster Abbey) in a magnificent tomb made by the Italian sculptor Pietro Torrigiano. Erasmus composed the inscription in Latin that translates to: “Margaret of Richmond, mother of Henry VII, grandmother of Henry VIII, who gave a salary to three monks of this convent and founded a grammar school at Wimborne, and to a preacher throughout England, and to two interpreters of Scripture, one at Oxford, the other at Cambridge, where she likewise founded two colleges, one to Christ, and the other to St John, his disciple.

Died A.D.1509, III Kalends of July [29 June]”. Margaret Beaufort’s Tomb Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond (1430 –November 1456) Edmund Tudor was the father of King Henry VII. During the Wars of the Roses he was captured and imprisoned in Carmarthen Castle in South Wales, where he succumbed to the plague and was buried in Carmarthen Grey Friars. His remains where later removed to the choir of St. David’s Cathedral. Tomb of Edmund Tudor Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) A young Henry VII by a French artist Henry VII was King of England from 22 August 1485 – 21 April 1509 and father of King Henry VIII. He was the only son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Lady Margaret Beaufort. Henry became the first king of the Tudor Dynasty after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth. He died at Richmond Palace on the 21 April 1509 and was buried at Westminster Abbey.

Italian sculptor Pietro Torrigiano designed the magnificent tomb that Henry shares with his wife, Elizabeth of York. “The gilt bronze effigies can be seen through the fine grille which surrounds the tomb. The heads of the effigies carried at their respective funerals still survive and can be seen in the Abbey Museum, that of the king being from a death mask.” (Westminster Abbey Official Website). The inscription on the tomb translates to: “Here lies Henry the Seventh of that name, formerly King of England, son of Edmund, Earl of Richmond. He was created King on August 22 and immediately afterwards, on October 30, he was crowned at Westminster in the year of our Lord 1485. He died subsequently on April 21 in the 53rd year of his age. He reigned 23 years eight months, less one day.” Around the edge of the tomb, another inscription: “Here is situated Henry VII, the glory of all the kings who lived in his time by reason of his intellect, his riches, and the fame of his exploits, to which were added the gifts of bountiful nature, a distinguished brow, an august face, an heroic stature.

Joined to him his sweet wife was very pretty, chaste and fruitful. They were parents happy in their offspring, to whom, land of England, you owe Henry VIII.” Deathbed of Henry VII, 1509. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 – 11 February 1503) Elizabeth of York Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England from 1486 until 1503. She was the eldest child of King Edward IV and his Queen consort, Elizabeth Woodville. Elizabeth married Henry VII in 1486 and gave birth to their first son, Arthur, later that year. Elizabeth died on 11 February 1503, her 37th birthday, only 9 days after giving birth to a baby girl. Sadly, her daughter only lived a few days and Elizabeth succumbed to a post-partum infection shortly thereafter. She was buried in the Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey in a magnificent tomb that she shares with her husband, Henry VII.

The inscription on the tomb reads: “Here lies Queen Elizabeth, daughter of the former King Edward IV, sister of the formerly appointed King Edward V, once the wife of King Henry VII, and the renowned mother of Henry VIII. She met her day of death in the Tower of London on the 11th day of February in the year of our Lord 1502 [Old Style dating], having fulfilled the age of 37 years.” Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey Arthur, Prince of Wales (20 September 1486 – 2 April 1502) Arthur Prince of Wale by unknown artist Arthur, Prince of Wales was the first son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. He married Catherine of Aragon on 14 November 1501. Sadly, their marriage was short lived, as Arthur died suddenly at Ludlow Castle on 2 April 1502 aged only 15 years. The tomb of Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales at Worcester Cathedral Arthur was buried in Worcester Cathedral where ‘Prince Arthur’s Chantry’ stands today.

East end of Worcester Cathedral Margaret, Queen of Scots (28 November 1489 – 18 October 1541) Margaret was the elder of two surviving daughters of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. In 1503 Margaret married James IV, King of Scots. After James’ death in 1513, their son became James V and Margaret married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus. Margaret’s final marriage was to Henry Stewart, 1st Lord of Methven. Margaret died at Methven Castle on 18 October 1541 and was buried at the Carthusian Priory of St John in Perth. Unfortunately, the priory was sacked during the Scottish Protestant Revolution 1559 and fell into decay. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) Henry VIII by Hans Holbein the Younger c. 1536 Henry was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was the third child of Elizabeth of York and Henry VII and the second monarch of the House of Tudor.

After a very eventful life that included six wives and the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, Henry died on 28 January 1547 in the Palace of Whitehall. Henry was interred in St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle next to his third wife, Jane Seymour. He had planned a grand tomb for himself but unfortunately for him, it wasn’t finished in time. Instead he lies in a vault covered by a simple marble slab. Henry VIII’s Tomb Elizabeth Tudor (2 July 1492 – 14 September 1495) Elizabeth was the second daughter and fourth child of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Elizabeth died on the 14 September 1495 and was buried in the Chapel of St. Edward the Confessor, Westminster Abbey where a small monument marks her final resting place. She was just 3 years old. Mary, Queen of France (18 March 1496 – 25 June 1533) Mary Tudor, Queen of France Mary was the fifth child of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York and queen consort of France through her marriage to Louis XII.

After the death of Louis XII, only three months after the wedding ceremony, Mary married Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. Mary’s marriage to Charles produced four children and through their eldest daughter Frances, Mary was the maternal grandmother of Lady Jane Grey. Mary died at Westhorpe Hall, Westhorpe, Suffolk on 25 June 1533 and was buried in the abbey in Bury St Edmonds, Suffolk. The abbey was destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries and Mary’s remains were moved to St. Mary’s Church in Bury St Edmunds. Tomb of Mary, Queen of France. Tomb of Mary Tudor, Queen of France by Sarah Morris Edmund Tudor, Duke of Somerset (21 February 1499 – 19 June 1500) Edmund was the sixth child of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Edmund was present with his elder siblings Margaret, Mary and Henry when Erasmus and Thomas More visited the royal nursery at Eltham Palace in 1499. Edmund died on the 19 June 1500 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Erasmus and Thomas More visiting the children of Henry VII at Eltham Palace in 1499 and presenting Prince Henry (future Henry VIII) with a written tribute. From Left to Right: Margaret, queen consort of Scotland, aged 10, Edmund Tudor, Duke of Somerset in the arms of a nanny, Mary, Queen of France aged 3, Henry VIII, King of England then Duke of York aged 8. Absent was Arthur, Prince of Wales who was at Ludlow Castle at the time of the visit. Catherine Tudor (or Katherine) (2 February 1503 – 10 February 1503) Catherine was the last child of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. She survived only eight days and is buried along with some of her other siblings in Westminster Abbey. Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) Catherine of Aragon was Queen consort of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII. She was the daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile and mother of Mary I.

Catherine died on 7 January 1536 (aged 50) at Kimbolton Castle, Cambridgeshire and was buried on 29 January 1536 at Peterborough Cathedral. Read more about the death of Catherine of Aragon here . Tomb of Catherine of Aragon at Peterborough Cathedral Anne Boleyn (1501/1507 – 19 May 1536) Queen Anne Boleyn Read a complete fact sheet here . Anne Boleyn was Queen of England from 1533- 1536 as the second wife of King Henry VIII. She was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn and Elizabeth Howard and mother of Elizabeth I. Anne was executed on Tower Green May 19 1536 and buried in an unmarked grave in the Chapel of St Peter Ad Vincula in the Tower of London. Read more about Anne Boleyn’s burial here . Anne Boleyn’s Memorial Plaque Jane Seymour (c. 1508 – 24 October 1537) Jane Seymour by Hans Holbein the Younger Read a complete fact sheet here .

Jane Seymour was Queen consort of England as the third wife of Henry VIII. She was the daughter of Sir John Seymour of Wulfhall and Margery Wentworth and the mother of Edward VI. Jane died on 24 October 1537 at Hampton Court Palace only 12 days after giving birth to Henry’s long awaited for son and heir. On 12 November 1537 Jane was buried in St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle. After Henry’s death in 1547 he was buried alongside Jane. St. George’s Chapel Windsor Anne of Cleves (22 September 1515 – 16 July 1557) Anne of Cleves by Hans Holbein the Younger 1539 Read a complete fact sheet here . Anne of Cleves was the daughter of John III, Duke of Cleves and Mary, Duchess of Julich-Berg. She was the fourth wife of King Henry VIII and Queen of England from 6 January 1540 – 9 July 1540. Following the annulment of her marriage to King Henry VIII she was thereafter referred to as the King’s Beloved Sister.

Anne died on 16 July 1557 at Chelsea Manor, England and was buried, with great ceremony, on 3 August in Westminster Abbey near the shrine of Edward the Confessor. Information about Anne’s final resting place from Westminster Abbey’s website: ‘She lies on the south side of the High Altar and her monument is a low stone structure of three sections with carvings showing her initials AC with a crown, lions’ heads and skulls and crossed bones (symbols of mortality). It was probably made by Theodore Haveus of Cleves but was never finished. The back part of the tomb has been mostly obscured by later monuments. The inscription on the back, visible from the south transept, reads “Anne of Cleves Queen of England. Born 1515. Died 1557? but this was not added until the 1970s.’ Catherine Howard (also spelled Katherine) Unknown – 13 February 1542 Portrait miniature by Hans Holbein believed to be of Catherine Howard Read a complete fact sheet here . Catherine was the daughter of Lord Edmund Howard and Joyce Culpeper. She was the fifth wife of Henry VIII and first cousin of Anne Boleyn.

Catherine was Queen consort of England from 28 July 1540 – 22 November 1541. She was found guilty of adultery and treason and executed on Tower Green on 13 February 1542. Catherine’s remains were buried in the Chapel of St. Peter ad. Vincula at the Tower of London. Chapel Royal St. Peter Ad Vincula Katherine Parr (also spelled Catherine) 1512 – 5 September 1548 Catherine Parr Read a complete fact sheet here . Katherine was Queen consort of England and the last of the six wives of Henry VIII. After Henry’s death in 1547, Katherine married Thomas Seymour and had a daughter, Lady Mary Seymour born August 30, 1548. Katherine died on 5 September 1548 (aged circa 36) at Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire and was buried in the Chapel of St. Mary at Sudeley Castle. Jane Grey was the chief mourner. Katherine is thought to have died of puerperal fever, also called childbed fever.

Coincidentally, this was also the illness that killed Katherine’s sister-in law, Jane Seymour. Katherine Parr’s tomb, Chapel of St. Mary at Sudeley Mary I of England (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) Mary I Mary I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death. She was the only surviving child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Mary succeeded her half-brother, Edward VI, in 1553. After Mary’s death, she was succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I. Mary died aged 42 at St. James’ Palace. On 14 December, Mary was buried in Westminster Abbey in a tomb she would eventually share with Elizabeth I. Westminster Abbey Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) Edward VI of England, by William Scrots, c. 1550 Edward was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and the third monarch of the Tudor Dynasty.

On 6 July 1553, Edward died at Greenwich Palace aged 15. He was buried in Henry VII Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey. His grave remained unmarked until a stone was inserted in front of the present altar. It reads: IN MEMORY OF KING EDWARD VI BURIED IN THIS CHAPEL THIS STONE WAS PLACED HERE BY CHRIST’S HOSPITAL IN THANKSGIVING FOR THEIR FOUNDER 7 OCTOBER 1966. Dean Stanley viewed Edward’s coffin in the 19th century and recorded the Latin inscription. Translated it reads: “Edward the sixth by the Grace of God King of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith and on earth under Christ supreme head of the churches of England and Ireland and he migrated from this life on the 6th day of July in the evening at the 8th hour in the year of our Lord 1553 and in the 7th year of his reign and in the 16th year of his age”. Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) Elizabeth was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

She was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor Dynasty and reigned for 44 years. She died on 24 March 1603 at Richmond Palace. Thousands of people turned out to see her funeral procession to Westminster Abbey on April 28 1603. Elizabeth’s Funeral Procession Chronicler John Stow wrote: “Westminster was surcharged with multitudes of all sorts of people in their streets, houses, windows, leads and gutters, that came to see the obsequy, and when they beheld her statue lying upon the coffin, there was such a general sighing, groaning and weeping as the like hath not been seen or known in the memory of man.” Elizabeth was originally buried in her grandfather’s vault (King Henry VII) in the Abbey but in 1606 was moved once her successor, King James I, completed the large white marble monument to her in the Lady Chapel. The original wax effigy carried on her funeral hearse was remade in 1760 and it can be seen in the Abbey Museum.

The inscriptions are in Latin and translate to: “Sacred to memory: Religion to its primitive purity restored, peace settled, money restored to its just value, domestic rebellion quelled, France relieved when involved with intestine divisions; the Netherlands supported; the Spanish Armada vanquished; Ireland almost lost by rebels, eased by routing the Spaniard; the revenues of both universities much enlarged by a Law of Provisions; and lastly, all England enriched. Elizabeth, a most prudent governor 45 years, a victorious and triumphant Queen, most strictly religious, most happy, by a calm and resigned death at her 70th year left her mortal remains, till by Christ’s Word they shall rise to immortality, to be deposited in the Church [the Abbey], by her established and lastly founded. She died the 24th of March, Anno 1602 [this is Old Style dating, now called 1603], of her reign the 45th year, of her age the 70th. To the eternal memory of Elizabeth queen of England, France and Ireland, daughter of King Henry VIII, grand-daughter of King Henry VII, great-grand-daughter to King Edward IV.

Mother of her country, a nursing-mother to religion and all liberal sciences, skilled in many languages, adorned with excellent endowments both of body and mind, and excellent for princely virtues beyond her sex. James, king of Great Britain, France and Ireland, hath devoutly and justly erected this monument to her whose virtues and kingdoms he inherits.” (Westminster Abbey Official Website) Elizabeth shares the tomb with her half-sister Mary. The inscription on the base of the tomb reads: “Partners in throne and grave, here we sleep, Elizabeth and Mary, sisters, in hope of the Resurrection.” Lady Jane Grey (1536/1537 – 12 February 1554) Lady Jane Grey was the eldest daughter of Henry Grey and Lady Frances Brandon. Jane’s mother was the daughter of Mary Tudor, Queen of France who was Henry VIII’s sister. Jane was proclaimed Queen after the death of Edward VI but never crowned. Her reign lasted only nine days. Jane was executed on 12 February 1554 and buried in the Chapel of St Peter Ad Vincula, Tower of London.

The death of Queen Elizabeth I | Tudor stuff: Tudor history from the heart of England Tudor stuff: Tudor history from the heart of England tis done, tis past: and yet it is not Feeds: November 3, 2009 by Victoria Skerrett In the spring of 1603, Elizabeth had been Queen for 44 years, and it was clear she would die without an heir. Robert Devereux (1566-1601) had been executed on Tower Green on 25th February 1601, and this appears to have had a huge impact on Elizabeth who is reported to have missed him a great deal. Some writers say she may have feared she was losing her hold on state affairs. Elizabeth must have felt very much alone as many of the men she had loved, and who had shared her life, had gone. March 1603 – the Queen is fading In March 1603 Elizabeth was described as being unwell and seemed depressed. She took up residence in one of her favourite palaces – Richmond – close to the River Thames.

She refused to allow herself to be examined, and she refused take to her bed – standing for hours on end. As her condition deteriorated her ladies-in-waiting spread cushions on the floor, and Elizabeth eventually lay down on them. The painting shown below depicts this scene beautifully. Elizabeth lay on the floor for nearly four days – mostly without speaking. The death of Queen Elizabeth 1st : Paul Delaroche (1828) She grew weaker and weaker until her servants insisted on making her more comfortable in her bed. Elizabeth’s Councillors gathered around her bed, and it is said that gentle music was played to soothe her. Cause of death? Elizabeth had not named yet named a successor, but she made a sign to Robert Cecil which he took to be an indication that she wished James to succeed her to the throne. Death finally came on 24 March 1603, and she is said to have yielded ‘mildly like a lamb, easily like a ripe apple from the tree’. Elizabeth was buried without post mortem so the cause of her death remains unknown.

She is generally believed to have died of blood poisoning, possibly caused by her white make-up – ceruse – a mixture of white lead and vinegar; the lead in the make up being highly poisonous. It is also possible that she simply died of old age. At her funeral on 28 April, the coffin was taken to Westminster Abbey on a hearse drawn by four horses hung with black velvet Elizabeth’s body was embalmed and laid in state in a lead coffin at Whitehall – having been carried from Richmond to Whitehall at night on a barge lit with torches. On the day of her funeral on 28 April the coffin was taken to Westminster Abbey on a hearse drawn by four horses robed in black velvet.

In the words of the chronicler John Stow: “Westminster was surcharged with multitudes of all sorts of people in their streets, houses, windows, leads and gutters, that came out to see the obsequy, and when they beheld her statue lying upon the coffin, there was such a general sighing, groaning and weeping as the like hath not been seen or known in the memory of man” [picapp src=”1/1/7/8/Westminster_Abbey_Announce_2f22.jpg?adImageId=7072527&imageId=5062899″ width=”500″ height=”356″ /] Over one thousand official mourners joined the funeral procession; and this crowd was swelled by the many Londoners who watched the procession go by. The coffin was covered with a purple velvet cloth, purple signifying royalty. The coffin was covered by a large canopy which was held by six Knights of the Realm. On top of the coffin was placed an effigy of Elizabeth, as she would have appeared dressed in the finest of clothes. The effigy was so life-like it made onlookers gasp.

The chief mourners were all dressed in black – in cloth which varied according to their rank. [picapp src=”e/f/9/7/Westminster_Abbey_Announce_c51b.jpg?adImageId=7072495&imageId=5062910″ width=”396″ height=”594″ align=”aligncenter” /] This long procession wound its way to Westminster Abbey where Elizabeth was first buried in the vault of her grandfather, King Henry VII. Her successor, James I, erected the large white marble monument to her memory in the north aisle of the Lady Chapel at a cost of £1485, and her body was moved to it in 1606. Elizabeth I was the last monarch buried in the Abbey to have a monument erected above her. Share this: Is this proof the Virgin Queen was an imposter in drag? Shocking new theory about Elizabeth I unearthed in historic manuscripts | Daily Mail Online Is this proof the Virgin Queen was an imposter in drag?

Shocking new theory about Elizabeth I unearthed in historic manuscripts comments The bones of Elizabeth I, Good Queen Bess, lie mingled with those of her sister, Bloody Mary, in a single tomb at Westminster Abbey. But are they really royal remains — or evidence of the greatest conspiracy in English history? If that is not the skeleton of Elizabeth Tudor, the past four centuries of British history have been founded on a lie. And according to a controversial new book, the lie began on an autumn morning 470 years ago, when panic swept through a little group of courtiers in a manor house in the Cotswold village of Bisley in Gloucestershire. Cate Blanchett as Queen Elizabeth in the film 'Elizabeth: The Golden Age'. Could the virgin queen be a part of the biggest deception in British history? The king, Henry VIII, was due at any hour. He was travelling from London, in great discomfort — for the 52-year-old monarch was grossly overweight and crippled by festering sores — to visit his daughter, Elizabeth. The young princess had been sent there that summer from the capital to avoid an outbreak of plague.

But she had fallen sick with a fever and, after weeks of bleeding, leeches and vomiting, her body was too weak to keep fighting. The night before the king’s arrival, his favourite daughter, the only child of his marriage to Anne Boleyn, had been dangerously ill. In the morning, Elizabeth lay dead. Elizabeth’s governess, Lady Kat Ashley, and her guardian, Thomas Parry, had good reason to fear telling the king this awful news. It would cost them their lives. Four of Henry’s children had died in infancy and, of the survivors, one — Edward — was a sickly boy of five and the other an embittered, unmarried woman in her late 20s. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share The ten-year-old Elizabeth was Tudor England’s most valuable child in many ways. She could surely be married to a French or Spanish prince to seal an international alliance — and her own children would secure the Tudor dynasty Henry so desperately craved. Now she was dead, and when the king discovered it, Parry and Lady Ashley would surely be executed. Their sole duty had been to keep the princess safe: failure was treason.

The penalty would not even be beheading, but death by the most gruesome torture imaginable. They would be bound and dragged through the mud for a mile to the scaffold. There they would be hanged, cut down and disembowelled. Their entrails would be hauled from their bodies and held in front of their faces as they died, and then their limbs would be hacked off and displayed on spikes, to be picked bare by the birds. Helen Mirren pictured as Elizabeth I in a Channel Four mini-series Their only chance of concealing the truth, and perhaps buying themselves a few days to flee the country, was to trick the king. Kat Ashley’s first thought was to find a village girl and dress her up in the princess’s robe, with a mantle, to fool the king. Bisley was a tiny hamlet, however, and there were no female children of Elizabeth’s age. But there was a boy, from a local family called Neville. He was a gawky, angular youth a year or so younger than Elizabeth, who had been the princess’s companion and fellow pupil for the past few weeks.

And with no time to look further afield for a stand-in, Parry and Lady Ashley took the desperate measure of forcing the boy to don his dead friend’s clothes. Remarkably, the deception worked. Henry saw his daughter rarely, and was used to hearing her say nothing. The last time she had been presented in court, meeting the new Queen Catherine Parr, she had been trembling with terror. The princess was known as a gentle, studious child, and painfully shy — not a girl to speak up in front of the king who had beheaded her mother. So when ‘she’ stood at Bisley manor, in the dimness of an oak-beamed hall lit by latticed windows, it was not so surprising that the king failed to realise he was being duped. He had no reason to suspect his daughter had been ill, after all, and he himself was tired and in pain. But after he left later that afternoon, the hoax began in earnest. Parry and Lady Ashley realised that if they ever admitted what they had done, the king’s fury would be boundless. They might get out of the country to safety, but their families would surely be killed.

On the other hand, few people had known the princess well enough to be certain of recognising her, especially after an interval of many months. This boy had already fooled the king, the most important deception. Meanwhile, there was no easy way to find a female lookalike, and replace the replacement. As the courtiers buried the real Elizabeth Tudor in a stone coffin in the manor grounds, they decided their best hope of protecting themselves and their families was to teach this Bisley boy how to be a princess. Attributed to painter William Scrots, this portrait is of Elizabeth I as a Princess in 1546-7 Of course this entire theory sounds absurd, given that every child grows up with tales of our glorious Virgin Queen, celebrated by Shakespeare and venerated in innumerable plays, songs and films over the centuries. And yet the many corroborating details around this extraordinary tale about the Bisley boy were enough to convince the 19th-century writer Bram Stoker, most famous as the author of Dracula. He included the story as the final chapter in his book, Imposters.

Stoker had heard persistent stories that a coffin had been discovered by a clergyman at Bisley during the early 1800s, with the skeleton of a girl dressed in Tudor finery, even with gems sewn onto the cloth. It seemed to chime with local legends persisting for centuries that an English monarch had been, in reality, a child from the village. Above all, Stoker believed, it was the most plausible explanation why Elizabeth, who succeeded to the throne in 1558, aged 25, never married. Her most urgent duty, as the last of the Tudor line, was to provide an heir — yet she described herself as a Virgin Queen, and vowed she would never take a husband, even if the Emperor of Spain offered her an alliance with his oldest son. She stayed true to that oath, provoking a war which almost ended in Spanish invasion in 1588. But Elizabeth did not waver — and never even took an acknowledged lover. She was fond of proclaiming that she was more of a king than a queen. ‘I have the heart of a man, not a woman, and I am not afraid of anything,’ she declared.

Her most famous speech, to her troops at Tilbury as the Spanish Armada approached, was cheered to the skies as she roared: ‘I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England, too.’ American author Steve Berry believes Elizabeth could have been telling the literal truth — that she had the heart of a man, because her body was male. He has spent 18 months researching the conspiracy for his novel The King’s Deception, a Dan Brown-style thriller set in 21st-century London. Could the real reason the 'Virgin Queen' never married was that she was secretly a man? For Berry, who has written 12 thrillers, the trail began with a chance question during a tour of Ely Cathedral in Cambridgeshire three years ago. ‘I always ask if there are any secrets or mysteries, and the guide told me: “There’s nothing at Ely but I’ve heard an incredible rumour in the Cotswolds.” ’ Sceptical at first, Berry uncovered tantalising hints and references in books and ancient manuscripts. When the ‘princess’ reached her teens, for instance, she was assigned a tutor named Roger Ascham, who was puzzled by her behaviour.

‘The constitution of her mind,’ he wrote, ‘is exempt from female weakness, and she is embued with a masculine power of application … In the whole manner of her life she rather resembles Hippolyte than Phaedra.’ That last, classical allusion was quite venomous: Phaedra was an ancient princess driven mad by her lust for men, while Hippolyte was queen of the Amazons, who lived without any need for men at all. Most convincing to Berry were the contemporary portraits, which are reproduced in his novel. One picture exists of Elizabeth as a child, attributed to the court painter William Scrots. She had slender shoulders, a delicate neck and a heart-shaped face with ginger hair and eyebrows. In the next known portrait, shortly after she was crowned queen, her broad shoulders and neck are disguised with heavy furs. She is wearing a wig, and her eyebrows are plucked bare. Her jaw is heavy and square. All subsequent pictures of the queen were painted to an ideal, showing Elizabeth as she wished to be seen, not as she was.

Even the official portrait commissioned after her death by her chief adviser, Sir Robert Cecil, conformed to what was known as ‘The Mask Of Youth’ — the idealised face of the monarch, which never aged. Many Tudor courtiers suspected that Elizabeth had a deep secret. Lord Somerset was the power behind the boy king Edward VI’s throne, after Henry VIII died in 1547 when Elizabeth was just 13. One of his spies, Sir Robert Tyrwhitt, wrote to him: ‘I do verily believe that there hath been some secret promise between my Lady, Mistress Ashley, and the Cofferer [Thomas Parry, the principal officer of the court] never to confess to death, and if it be so, it will be never gotten of her, unless by the King’s Majesty or else by your Grace.’ In modern English: ‘I am certain Lady Ashley and Thomas Parry have a secret, and that there is a pact between them to take it to the grave. If that’s the case, the only people who could force them to divulge this secret are you and the King.’ Those were ominous words: only Somerset and the King had the right to put a suspect to the rack, using torture to extract information.

Bram Stoker believed it was the sheer scale of the deception that made it possible. When Elizabeth returned to London from Bisley, more than a year after she first left the court, it would have been treason for any sceptics to suggest ‘she’ was not the king’s daughter. ‘It is conceivable,’ Stoker remarked drily, ‘that in the case of a few individuals, there might have been stray fragmentary clouds of suspicion. This portrait of Queen Elizabeth I is by an unknown artist and is from the period 1580-1590 ‘After a time, even suspicion became an impossibility. Here was a young woman growing into womanhood whom all around her had known all her life — or, what was equivalent, believed they had.’ Any differences in her appearance were dismissed as the natural effects of growing up. Elizabeth had been a timid child — now she was a bold and imperious adolescent. As a little girl, she was exceptionally bright, poring over her books and learning as quickly as her tutors could teach her; now she was slower at her lessons and, though far from stupid, more academic plodder than prodigy. Her tutor was warned to make her lessons shorter.

Roger Ascham commented that the girl who had been said to soak up facts like a sponge was now more like a shallow cup — if wine was poured in too quickly, it would simply splash out again. Kat Ashley and Thomas Parry — the pair who are suspected of carrying out the deception — remained loyal to the sovereign throughout their lives, as England’s political pendulum swung wildly after the death of Henry VIII. During Edward VI’s reign, they were Elizabeth’s closest friends, and they stood by ‘her’ during her years of imprisonment in the Tower when her Catholic sister Mary was queen and decided the safest place for Elizabeth was under lock and key, where she could not threaten the throne. When Mary died at the age of 42, one of Elizabeth’s first acts as queen was to make Lady Ashley her First Lady of the Bedchamber. For the next seven years, she controlled all access to the young monarch. Elizabeth was devastated when Ashley died in 1565, and went into heavy mourning. Thomas Parry was knighted, and made a Privy Counsellor and Comptroller of the Household — the richest rewards Elizabeth could bestow.

He was a bad-tempered man who made many enemies, and few at court grieved when he died in 1560 — one wag said he expired ‘from mere ill-humour’. Steve Berry believes the queen must have confessed her secret to her chief minister, William Cecil. The politician had a reputation for an almost supernatural ability to read people and discover facts: she needed Cecil to understand that a marriage would not just have been pointless, it would have been ruinous. This painting by an unknown artist is known as the 'Darnley portrait' after a previous owner, and is from around 1575 If her secret was betrayed, the country could be plunged into civil war. There was no obvious heir, and Mary’s former husband was now Britain’s greatest enemy, Philip II of Spain. Certainly, Cecil was surprisingly stoic about the queen’s determination never to wed. Publicly, Elizabeth sometimes claimed that people needed to feel their monarch was wedded to the whole country, rather than one man. On other occasions, she hinted that the debacle of her father’s six wives, and her mother’s death at the block, had put her off marriage for life.

If those reasons sound flimsy, the queen’s determination to control her image was iron. She wore thick make-up and heavy wigs at all times: no one was permitted to see her without them. And she controlled her succession with equal ruthlessness. On her deathbed, she commanded that the crown must go to her cousin’s son — James VI of Scotland, whose mother was Mary Queen of Scots. But the command itself was cryptically worded: ‘I will have no rascal to succeed me, and who should succeed me but a king?’ Was there a hint in those words that for 45 years the figure on the throne had herself been a ‘rascal’, playing a part? Author Steve Berry believes there is only one way to discover the truth. After Elizabeth died in 1603, there was no autopsy. Instead of a magnificent state funeral for the monarch the nation called ‘Gloriana’, the queen’s bones were interred with those of her sister in Westminster Abbey. Berry points to the recent DNA analysis that proved that remains discovered under a Leicester car park were those of Richard III, who ruled a century before Elizabeth.

Such high-tech methods would not even be necessary to establish whether the bones in the Abbey tomb were all female, or whether a male skeleton was buried there. ‘Elizabeth’s grave has never been breached,’ Berry says. ‘Now it’s time to open it up and see what’s in there.’ n The King’s Deception by Steve Berry is published by Hodder at £12.99. To order a copy for £11.49 (p&p free), call 0844 472 4157.

Question: Where is Queen Elizabeth I buried?
Answer: Westminster Abbey