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What is Blood Made from?

Blood is the fluid that is pumped around the body in the circulatory system. Blood carries oxygen, which it picks up in the lungs. It distributes this oxygen to all body parts, since every body cell needs a regular supply of oxygen to stay alive. Blood is made up of many components and has many functions. It consists of a yellow fluid, called plasma, in which red and white blood corpuscles and platelets are suspended. The capillaries allow fluid to escape from the blood. The cells and large proteins are left in the vessel and this fluid can now become the interstitial fluid (a background fluid that acts as an active support). This will either return to the capillary or join the lymphatic system. Blood amounts to about one-third of the total interstitial fluid. The red and white blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. The plasma occupies about 55 % of the blood volume. It is 90% water, 7 % proteins, with the remaining 3% made up of small molecules. Interesting fact: Blood is warm and works like the liquid in a central heating system. It absorbs warmth from the busy parts such as the heart and muscles and spreads it out to cooler parts like the skin. Where does blood obtain oxygen?

_____________________ What do we call the yellow fluid that contains red and white blood corpuscles and platelets? ___________  Where are red and white blood cells formed? _______________________ How much water makes up blood? ______________________________ The heart and muscles help make blood warm. T / F What is Blood Made from? Blood is the fluid that is pumped around the body in the circulatory system. Blood carries oxygen, which it picks up in the lungs. It distributes this oxygen to all body parts, since every body cell needs a regular supply of oxygen to stay alive. Blood is made up of many components and has many functions. It consists of a yellow fluid, called plasma, in which red and white blood corpuscles and platelets are suspended. The capillaries allow fluid to escape from the blood. The cells and large proteins are left in the vessel and this fluid can now become the interstitial fluid (a background fluid that acts as an active support). This will either return to the capillary or join the lymphatic system. Blood amounts to about one-third of the total interstitial fluid. The red and white blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. The plasma occupies about 55 % of the blood volume.

It is 90% water, 7 % proteins, with the remaining 3% made up of small molecules. Interesting fact: Blood is warm and works like the liquid in a central heating system. It absorbs warmth from the busy parts such as the heart and muscles and spreads it out to cooler parts like the skin. Where does blood obtain the oxygen it distributes throughout the body? _____________________ What do we call the yellow fluid that contains red and white blood corpuscles and platelets? ___________  Where are red and white blood cells formed? _______________________ How much water makes up blood? ______________________________ The heart and muscles help make blood warm. T / F     Level 4 Module 1 Reading skills: Scanning M.

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R��aȂz��m�?��a&O����H���:ylVUم��)���^3�z 9*�a2궥 ���>���ݨ(�9wP��� ��J�+����|���kb�^��[2�^۲�b}���W1\�'�e��&���=�/�P��|>�mn��N �GK��5y,c5 ��M�=�,}���s����$L�N?łF���v<�b1��|W 9��Jg�%�C���u�+ �ŉ4U�5�)���q�r�%G��{�Qs�<~��]7�~� �2,���u��_��}�]�v=7 ��r̪��R�±��V��=��Q�Fc�����b@��� Plasma | definition of plasma by Medical dictionary Plasma | definition of plasma by

 Medical dictionary [plaz´mah] 1.

the fluid portion of the lymph. 2. the fluid portion of the blood , in which the formed elements (blood cells) are suspended. Plasma is to be distinguished from serum , which is plasma from which the fibrinogen has been separated in the process of clotting. Called also blood plasma . adj., adj plasmat´ic, plas´mic. Of the total volume of blood, 55 per cent is made up of plasma. It is a clear, straw-colored liquid, 92 per cent water, in which are contained plasma proteins, inorganic salts, nutrients, gases, waste materials from the cells, and various hormones, secretions, and enzymes. These substances are transported to or from the tissues of the body by the plasma. Plasma obtained from blood donors is given to persons suffering from loss of blood or from shock to help maintain adequate blood pressure. Since plasma can be dried and stored in bottles, it can be transported almost anywhere, ready for immediate use after addition of the appropriate fluid. Plasma can be given to anyone, regardless of blood type. (See also transfusion .) Plasma volume is sometimes measured in order to calculate the total blood volume .

The most common method for determining plasma volume is by injection of a dye (T-1824, called Evans blue) into the circulating blood and, after the dye has been dispersed throughout the body, using the dilution of the dye to calculate the total blood volume. antihemophilic human plasma normal human plasma that has been processed promptly to preserve the antihemophilic properties of the original blood; used for temporary correction of bleeding tendency in hemophilia . blood plasma plasma (def. 2). citrated plasma blood plasma treated with sodium citrate , which prevents clotting. plasma exchange the removal of plasma from withdrawn blood ( plasmapheresis ) and retransfusion of the formed elements and type-specific fresh frozen plasma into the donor; done for removal of circulating antibodies or abnormal plasma components. fresh frozen plasma plasma separated from whole blood and frozen within 8 hours; it contains all the coagulation factors . plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency hemophilia C . plas·ma (plaz'mă), 1. The proteinaceous fluid (noncellular) portion of the circulating blood, as distinguished from the serum obtained after coagulation. Synonym(s): blood plasma 2.

The fluid portion of the lymph. 3. The fluid in which the fat droplets of milk are suspended. 4. A "fourth state of matter" in which, owing to elevated temperature, atoms have broken down to form free electrons and more-or-less stripped nuclei; produced in the laboratory in connection with hydrogen fusion (thermonuclear) research. 5. Highly ionized gas. plasma /plas·ma/ (plaz´mah) 1. blood plasma ; the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. 2. the fluid portion of the lymph.plasmat´ic antihemophilic human plasma human plasma which has been processed promptly to preserve the antihemophilic properties of the original blood; used for temporary correction of bleeding tendency in hemophilia. blood plasma plasma (1). citrated plasma blood plasma treated with sodium citrate, which prevents clotting. seminal plasma the fluid portion of the semen, in which the spermatozoa are suspended. plasma n. also plasm (plăz′əm) 1. a. The clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood, lymph, or intramuscular fluid in which cells are suspended.

It differs from serum in that it contains fibrin and other soluble clotting elements. b. Blood plasma, especially when sterilized and depleted of cells for transfusion. 2. Protoplasm or cytoplasm. plas·mat′ic (plăz-măt′ĭk), plas′mic (-mĭk) adj. plasma [plaz′mə] Etymology: Gk, something formed the watery light yellow fluid part of the lymph and the blood in which leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended. Plasma is made up of water, electrolytes, proteins, glucose, fats, bilirubin, and gases and is essential for carrying the cellular elements of the blood through the circulation, transporting nutrients, maintaining the acid-base balance of the body, and transporting wastes from the tissues. Plasma and interstitial fluid correspond closely in content and concentration of proteins. Therefore plasma is important in maintaining the osmotic pressure and the exchange of fluids and electrolytes between the capillaries and the tissues. Compare serum .

plasma Lab medicine A clear yellowish extracellular fluid that comprises 50-55% of the blood volume; it is 92% liquid, 7% protein, < 1% inorganic salts, gases, hormones, sugars, lipids; fibrinogen- and coagulation factor-depleted plasma is 'serum' Transfusion medicine See Fresh frozen plasma . plas·ma (plaz'mă) 1. The fluid (noncellular) portion of the circulating blood, as distinguished from the serum obtained after coagulation. Synonym(s): blood plasma . 2. The fluid portion of the lymph. 3. A "fourth state of matter" in which, owing to elevated temperature (about 106 degrees), atoms have broken down to form free electrons and more or less stripped nuclei; produced in the laboratory in connection with hydrogen fusion (thermonuclear) research. plasma 1. The fluid in which the blood cells are suspended. 2. Blood from which all cells have been removed. Plasma contains proteins, electrolytes and various nutrients and is capable of clotting. plasma see BLOOD PLASMA . Plasma Plasma makes up 50% of human blood.

It is a watery fluid that carries red cells, white cells, and platelets throughout the body. liquid fraction of blood, containing globular and soluble proteins plas·ma Proteinaceous fluid (noncellular) portion of circulating blood, as distinguished from the serum obtained after coagulation. [G. something formed] plasma (plaz´mə), n the fluid portion of the blood that, after centrifugation, contains all the stable components except the cells. It is obtained from centrifuged whole blood that has been prevented from clotting by the addition of anticoagulants such as citrate, oxalate, or heparin. plasma accelerator globulin, n See proaccelerin and accelerator, prothrombin conversion, I . plasma cell, n a lymphoid or lymphocyte-like cell found in the bone marrow, connective tissue, and sometimes the blood. Plasma cells are involved in the immunologic mechanism. See also cell, plasma. plasma, normal human, n pooled sterile plasma from a number of persons to which a preservative has been added. It is stored under refrigeration or desiccated for later use as a substitute for whole blood.

plasma, platelet-rich (PRP), n a type of blood that contains high levels of platelets consisting of numerous growth factors. It can be used as one component assisting in the acceleration of tissue healing in bone regeneration. plasma proteolytic enzyme, n See plasmin. plasma spray, n the focused shooting of ceramic or metal powders on a hot plasma flame to initiate further heating and then rapid cooling, resulting in a thick coated surface on an implant. plasma thromboplastin antecedent, n a factor required for the development of thromboplastic activity in plasma. Also called antihemophilic factor C, factor XI, PTA, and plasma thromboplastin factor C. plasma thromboplastin component, n a clotting factor in normal blood necessary for the development of thromboplastic activity in plasma. A deficiency results in Christmas disease. Also called antihemophilic factor B, autoprothrombin II, Christmas factor, factor IX, platelet cofactor II, and PTC. See also factor IX. plasma the fluid portion of the blood in which corpuscles are suspended.

Plasma is to be distinguished from serum, which is plasma from which the fibrinogen has been separated in the process of clotting. plasma bound many electrolytes exist in plasma in a form in which they are bound to protein which reduces their lability and liability to loss in the urine, e.g. protein-bound iodine. plasma cell gingitivitis-pharyngitis see feline plasma cell gingivitis-pharyngitis. plasma cell myeloma see multiple myeloma . plasma cell pododermatitis a nonpainful swelling with ulceration and exuberant granulation tissue on the footpads of cats. The cause is unknown but believed to be immunological. Plasma cell pododermatitis in a cat. plasma clearing factor a lipoprotein lipase which lipolyses the triglyceride in the chylomicrons of the plasma and hence clears it of cloudiness. plasma exchange the removal of plasma from withdrawn blood (plasmapheresis) and retransfusion of the formed elements and type-specific fresh-frozen plasma into the donor; done for removal of circulating antibodies or abnormal plasma components. plasma expanders prepared from whole blood; a source of coagulation factors.

plasma protein the heterologous group of proteins in circulating blood that includes albumin, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, transcortin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, cholinesterase, α2-macroglobulin, erythropoietin, transferrin, hemopexin, fibrinogen, plasminogen and the immunoglobulins (γ-globulins). plasma protein:fibrinogen (PP:F) ratio an indicator of significant changes in fibrinogen levels, taking into account dehydration. plasma substitute a fluid suitable for use as a replacement for plasma in the animal body. Usually a solution of gelatin or dextran. therapeutic plasma concentration a therapy-response relationship determined only by experiment; the plasma level which is matched by the desired therapeutic response. plasma thromboplastin antecedent clotting factor XI; see plasma thromboplastin antecedent. plasma turbidity test a qualitative test for fat absorption, performed by comparing the turbidity of plasma before and 2, 3 and 4 hours after the oral administration of fats, usually vegetable oil.

Results are greatly influenced by delays in gastric emptying, so normally this test can only be relied upon to rule out malabsorption or maldigestion when evidence of absorption is found. plasma volume the estimation of plasma volume is essential to a complete knowledge of a patient's fluid status. The common technique is by the intravenous injection of a known amount of a dye such as Evans blue and the subsequent measurement of the dilution that it has undergone in a set time period. What Are White Blood Cells? - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center URMC / Encyclopedia / Content What Are White Blood Cells? White blood cells are an important component of your blood system, which is also made up of red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Click to Enlarge Although your white blood cells account for only about 1% of your blood, their impact is significant. White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are essential for good health and protection against illness and disease. Think of white blood cells as your immunity cells. In a sense, they are continually at war. They flow through your bloodstream to battle viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders that threaten your health.

When your body is in distress and a particular area is under attack, white blood cells rush in to help destroy the harmful substance and prevent illness. White blood cells are made inside the bone marrow and stored in your blood and lymphatic tissues. Because some white blood cells have a short lifespan of one to three days, your bone marrow is constantly making them. Click to Enlarge Types of white blood cells Among your white blood cells are: Monocytes. They have a longer lifespan than many white blood cells and help to break down bacteria. Lymphocytes. They create antibodies to defend against bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful invaders. Neutrophils. They kill and digest bacteria and fungi. They are the most numerous type of white blood cell and your first line of defense when infection strikes. Basophils. These small cells appear to sound an alarm when infectious agents invade your blood. They secrete chemicals such as histamine, a marker of allergic disease, that help control the body's immune response. Eosinophils. They attack and kill parasites, destroy cancer cells, and help with allergic responses.

Problems affecting white blood cells Your white blood cell count can be low for a number of reasons—when something is destroying the cells more quickly than the body can replenish them or when the bone marrow stops making enough white blood cells to keep you healthy. When your white blood cell count is low, you are extremely susceptible to any illness or infection, which can spiral into a serious health threat. Your healthcare provider can see whether your white blood cell count is normal through a blood test known as the complete blood count. If your count is too low or too high, you may have a white blood cell disorder. A number of diseases and conditions may influence white blood cell levels: Weakened immune system. This is often caused by illnesses such as HIV/AIDS or by treatments related to cancer. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy can destroy white blood cells and leave you vulnerable to infection. Infection. A higher-than-normal white blood cell count usually indicates some type of infection—white blood cells are multiplying to destroy an enemy, such as bacteria or a virus. Myelodysplastic syndrome. This condition causes abnormal production of blood cells. This includes white blood cells in the bone marrow. Cancer of the blood.

Cancers including leukemia and lymphoma can cause uncontrolled growth of an abnormal type of blood cell in the bone marrow. This results in a greatly increased risk for infection and or serious bleeding. Myeloproliferative disorder. This disorder refers to various conditions that trigger the excessive production of immature blood cells. This can result in an unhealthy balance of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow and too many or too few white blood cells in the blood. Medicines. Some medicines can raise or lower the body's white blood cell count. Other conditions, such as extreme physical stress caused by an injury or emotional stress, can trigger high white blood cell levels. So can inflammation, labor or the end of pregnancy, smoking, or even extreme exercise. Medical Reviewers: Phlebotomy: Blood - The Fluid of Life Vocational training in your area The Fluid of Life What is Blood? The average adult has about five liters of blood coursing through their vessels. It delivers essential elements, and removing harmful wastes from each and every cell in the body. What most medical and allied health students don't realize until it is mentioned either by their instructor or they read about it in their anatomy text book is that blood falls under the category of connective tissues!

REMEMBER: BLOOD IS A LIQUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT MEASURES ABOUT 5 LITERS IN THE ADULT HUMAN AND ACCOUNTS FOR 8 PERCENT OF THE BODY WEIGHT. ITS NORMAL pH RANGE IS 7.35-7.45. Our bodies consist of metabolically active cells that need a continuous supply of nutrients and oxygen. Metabolic waste products need to be removed from the cells to maintain a stable cellular environment. Blood is the primary transport medium that is responsible for meeting these cellular demands. Materials transported by the blood include nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones. The blood helps to regulate the fluid and electrolyte balance, acid base balance, and the body temperature. Protection against pathogens is provided by white blood cells, and the clotting mechanism prevents excessive loss of blood after injuries. Functions of Blood BLOOD FUNCTIONS AS A TRANSPORT MEDIUM. IT ALSO HAS ROLES IN TEMPERATURE REGULATION, FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, pH REGULATION, PREVENTION OF FLUID LOSS, NOURISHMENT AND DISEASE PREVENTION. The general functions of blood include transportation, regulation, and protection.

These categories overlap and interact as the blood carries out its role in providing suitable conditions for cellular function. The following activities are under the transportation function: Carries O2 and nutrients to the cells Transports CO2 and wastes from the tissues to the lungs and the kidneys where wastes can be removed from the body Carries hormones to the endocrine glands to the target tissue The following activities are under the regulation function: Helps to regulate body temperature by removing heat from active areas, such as skeletal muscles and transporting it to other areas of the skin so the heat can be dissipate Plays a significant role in fluid and electrolyte balance because salt and plasma proteins contribute to the osmotic pressure by providing weight and bulk to our blood Functions in pH regulation through the action of buffers in the blood Functions of the blood that are in the protection category: Clotting mechanisms prevent fluid loss through hemorrhage when blood vessels become damaged Certain cells in the blood, phagocytic white blood cells help to protect the body against diseases by engulfing and destroying the agent Antibodies in the plasma help protect against disease by their reactions with offending agents Characteristics of Blood Blood has distinctive physical characteristics: Amount—a person has 4-6 liters of blood, depending on the body size.

Of the total blood volume in the human body, 38% to 48% is composed of the various blood cells also called “formed elements”. The remaining 52% to 62% of the blood volume is the plasma or the liquid portion of the blood. Color—yeah… of course we all know it is red. Arterial blood is bright red because it contains high levels of oxygen. Venous blood has given up much of its oxygen in tissues and has a darker, dull red color. This may be important in the assessment of the source of bleeding. PH—the normal pH range of blood is 7.35-7.45, which is slightly alkaline. Viscosity—this means the thickness or the resistance to flow. Blood is about 3 to 5 times thicker than water. Viscosity is increased by the presence of blood cells and the plasma proteins, and this thickness contributes to normal blood pressure. Composition of Blood When a sample of blood is spun in a centrifuge, the cells and cell fragments are separated from the liquid. Because the formed elements are heavier than the liquid matrix, they are packed in the bottom of the tube by the centrifugal force.

The straw colored liquid on the top is the plasma. A GIVEN VOLUME OF BLOOD IS 55 PERCENT PLASMA AND 45 PERCENT FORMED CELLS. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. It is about 90% water. The remaining portion consists of more than 100 different organic and inorganic solutes that are dissolved in water. Because plasma is a transport medium, it's solutes are continuously changing as substances are added or removed by the cells. Plasma proteins are the most abundant solutes in the plasma. These proteins remain in the blood and interstitial fluid and are not used for energy. The three major classes of plasma proteins are: albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen. Many of the plasma proteins are synthesized in the liver, and each one has a different function. Albumins are the most abundant plasma proteins. It is synthesized by the liver. Because they are so abundant, they contribute to the osmotic pressure of the blood and play an important role in maintaining fluid balance between blood and interstitial fluid. If the osmotic pressure of the blood decreases, fluid moves from the blood into the interstitial spaces, which results in edema.

This also decreases blood volume and, in severe cases, may reduce blood pressure. When blood osmotic pressure increases, fluid moves from the interstitial spaces into the blood and increases the blood volume. This increases blood pressure and decreases the amount of water available to the cells. Globulins—there are three types of globulins; alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha and beta globulins are produced in the liver and function in transporting lipids and fat soluble vitamins in the blood. Gamma globulins are the antibodies that function in immunity. Fibrinogen makes up the smallest fraction of plasma proteins. It is produced in the liver and functions in blood clotting. These types of plasma proteins are the largest of the molecules. Solutes transported in blood plasma are nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Production of Blood The production of these formed elements or blood cells is called hemopoeisis! The formed elements are cells and cell fragments that are suspended in the plasma. The three classes of formed elements are: Erythrocytes or red blood cells Leukocytes or white blood cells Thrombocytes or platelets When the body sustains a minor wound, the platelets cause the blood to clot and with that the bleeding usually stops.

The body can easily replace the lost blood from specialized cells, mostly within the red bone marrow. However, if the human body loses a great volume of blood it is possible that this blood has to be replaced through a blood transfusion from blood that was previously donated by someone else. However, it is important to remember that everybody's blood is not the same. Blood transfusions must be carefully matched. There are four different blood types. Also there are Rh factors which make every person's blood type even more unique. Therefore, blood from a donor must match exactly that of the recipient. Patients who are scheduled to have major surgery sometimes are offered a choice to make autologous blood donations (donations of their own blood) so that they have a perfect match. Blood Plasma | American Red Cross Printable Version Plasma Plasma is the liquid portion of blood – a protein-salt solution in which red and white blood cells and platelets are suspended. Plasma, which is 92 percent water, constitutes 55 percent of blood volume. Plasma contains albumin (the chief protein constituent), fibrinogen (responsible, in part, for the clotting of blood) and globulins (including antibodies).

Plasma serves a variety of functions, from maintaining a satisfactory blood pressure and volume to supplying critical proteins for blood clotting and immunity. It also serves as the medium for exchange of vital minerals such as sodium and potassium and helps to maintain a proper pH (acid-base) balance in the body, which is critical to cell function. Plasma is obtained by separating the liquid portion of blood from the cells. Plasma is frozen quickly after donation (up to 24 hours) to preserve clotting factors, stored up to one year, and thawed shortly before use. It is commonly transfused to trauma patients and patients with severe liver disease or multiple clotting factor deficiencies. Plasma derivatives are concentrates of specific plasma proteins prepared from pools (many donor units) of plasma. Plasma derivatives are obtained through a process known as fractionation. The derivatives are treated with heat and/or solvent detergent to kill certain viruses like those that cause HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.

Immune Globulins, including Rh Immune Globulin Anti-Thrombin III Concentrate Enter your zip code to find: Regional Promotions Largest Blood Cell In Human Body | Describe The Composition Of Blood December 18, 2015 Leave a Comment Written by Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life. A cell not only makes up a body structure but also provide nutrients, energy, helps in the transfer of genetic materials and do many other functions in the body. For the normal and proper functioning of a body one cell in the body has to communicate with another cell. Blood is a living fluid that connects various organs and organ systems to each other. Let us have a brief discussion on blood, compositions of blood, blood cells and plasma. The higher organisms like humans level of organization are complex and so are their constituents. Mechanism of transport of fluids extends the communication between cells. In organisms blood is the specialized fluid usually help for the communication. Blood is a connective tissue of liquid and solid substances. More than half of the blood consists of a yellow colored liquid called plasma. It consists of salts and proteins suspended in water.

About 90% of plasma is water and few percent added by proteins like albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen. Other solid constituents of blood are the blood cells namely red blood corpuscles, white blood corpuscles, and platelets. They constitute about 45 percent of total volume. These make blood thicker and viscous. Blood contributes about 6-8% of our body weight and in an average man around 5 liters (12 pints) of blood circulates. The function of blood does not limit to the transportation of nutrients. The functions of blood include: Oxygen and nutrient transportation to all over the body Coagulation during bleeding Cleaning and removal of waste products Thermoregulation Types of Blood Cells Types of Blood Cells We have seen blood consist of cells known as formed elements of blood. These cells have their own functions and roles to play in the body. The blood cells which circulate all around the body are as follows: Red blood cells (RBCs): RBCs are the biconcave cells; also known as erythrocytes. RBCs contain the iron-rich protein called haemoglobin; give blood its red color. RBCs are most copious blood cell produced in bone marrows.

Their main function is to transport oxygen all around the body. White blood cells (WBCs): Leucocytes are the colourless blood cells. They are colourless because it is devoid of haemoglobin. They further classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes. WBCs mainly contribute to immunity and defence mechanism. Platelets: Thrombocytes are specialised blood cells produced from bone marrow. Platelets come into play when there is bleeding or haemorrhage.They help in clotting and coagulation of blood. Red blood cells deliver oxygen from and to various tissues and organs. White blood cells help in the body’s defense and immunity system. Platelets help in coagulation during a cut or wound. These are a few functions of blood and its components. To know more please join us on Byju’s-The Learning App or visit our website.

Question: What do we call the fluid in the blood in which cells and corpuscles are suspended?
Answer: PLASMA