1000+ images about Queen Caroline of Brunswick on Pinterest | King george, Pavilion and Only child Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas Queen Caroline of Brunswick The married life and death of Queen Caroline (1768-1821) were equally frenzied. Though she was never officially crowned, Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfbuttel was the wife of King George IV and thus, Princess of Wales and after the 1820 death of George III, the Queen of England. She died on August 7, 1821, just a month after her husband's lavish coronation ceremony which she was physically restrained from attending. 21 Pins72 Followers The Royal House Of Hanover - British Monarchy Family History British Monarchy Family History The Royal House Of Hanover The Royal House of Hanover was the ruling royal house of Great Britain and Ireland for one hundred and eighty seven years from 1714 - 1901, by way of six monarchs.

King George I came to the throne upon the death of the Royal House of Stuart monarch Queen Anne in 1714 as he was the late queen's closest Protestant relative through his mother Queen Sophie, who was the grand daughter of King James I of England by way of her mother Elisabeth of Bohemia. GEORGE I George was born on the 28th of May 1660 in Hanover in Germany, which at that time was part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the oldest child of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover and his wife Countess Sophie of Rhineland - Palatine. He came to the British throne after the death of his cousin, the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne. King George was crowned at Westminster Abbey on the 20th of October 1714 at the age of fifty and was not particularly liked or welcomed by the British people, probably for no other reason than he was a foreigner. It was believed that he did not speak very good English, although records show that he did have a good understanding of the language.

However, his lack of English did go on to see a diminishing of the monarchy and more power and control given to the government, which, by the time of his death in 1727, had left full power of the running of the country to Robert Walpole, Great Britain's very first Prime Minister. King George's reign also brought about the Jacobite Rebellions (1715 - 1746) - a series of uprisings and rebellions aimed at restoring the Royal House of Stuart to the throne of Britain - an act designed to replace him with the former Queen Anne's half brother James Francis Edward Stuart, an act that failed mainly due to the Stuart's Catholicism. On a personal level George is best remembered for his long running feud with his only son, the future King George II. King George died whilst on a visit to his native Germany on the 11th of June 1727 at Osnabruck. He is buried at the Herrenhausen in Hanover, Germany.

SOPHIA DOROTHEA OF CELLE In 1682, by way of an arranged marriage of state, George married Sophia Dorothea of Celle (1666 - 1726) on the 22nd of November 1682 in Celle, Germany. Sophia Dorothea was born on the 15th of September 1666 in Celle, Germany and was the daughter of George William, Duke of Brunswick - Luneburg and his long term mistress, Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse. Sophia Dorothea is best remembered for her affair with Philip Christoph von Konigsmarck, which when found out, resulted in her spending the last thirty years of her life incarcerated in the Castle of Ahlden in her native Celle, where she was denied any contact with her children ever again. She died from liver failure brought on by gall stones on the 13th of November 1726 and was later interred at the Stadtkirche in Celle, Germany. Her lover was apparently murdered by order of the King, but this has never been verified.

Before her affair and subsequent divorce and incarceration, their union had produced two heirs one of which would become the King of England and the other would become the Queen of Prussia. George II of Great Britain - (1683 - 1760) - Married Caroline of Brandenburg - Ansbach, a union which produced nine children, one of which would become the future Queen of Denmark and another would become the future Princess of Orange. Sophia - (1687 - 1757) - Sophia married Fredrick William I of Prussia, making her Queen of Prussia and Electress of Brandenburg. Their union produced ten children, including the future King Fredrick II of Prussia and the future Queen Louise Ulrika of Sweden. EHRENGARD MELUSINE VON DER SCHULENBURG After his divorce in 1694 George began the first of two long term affairs. His first mistress was Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, a former lady in waiting to his mother the Electress Sophia.

In 1716 Melusine moved to London to be with George and straight away he created a life peerage for her by way of the titles the Duchess of Munster, Marchioness of Dungannon, Countess of Dungannon and Baroness Dundalk. In 1719 he further created the titles of Duchess of Kendal, Countess of Faversham and Baroness Glastonbury for her. After George's divorce Melusine was considered to be queen in all but name, some even suspect that he had secretly married her sometime in 1716, hence the many titles he had bestowed upon her. During their thirty three year long affair Melusine bore George three Illegitimate daughters, they were - Anna Louise - (1692 - 1773). She married Ernst von Busscheippenberg in 1707. There were no children from this union and they divorced in 1714. Petronella Melusina - (1693 - 1778). She married Philip Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfirld (1694 - 1773) in 1733.

This union produced no heirs. Margarethe Gertrude - (1701 - 1726). She married Albrecht, Count of Schaumburg (1699 - 1748) in 1722 and produced two sons before her death in 1726.They were George (1722 - 1742) and Wilhelm (1724 - 1777). SOPHIA VON KIELMANSEGG George's second mistress was courtier Sophia von Kielmansegg, Countess of Darlington (1675 - 1725) with whom he had a very controversial thirty year long affair, as Sophia was actually George’s illegitimate half sister. They were both the children of Ernest Augustus, the Elector of Hanover, with Sophia's mother being the German noblewoman Clara Elisabeth von Meysenberg, the Baroness of Platen and Hellermund, with whom the Elector had conducted a five year affair with during the 1670s.

Although Sophia’s family have always denied that she was sleeping with George, it was in fact common knowledge at the British court that they were lovers. It is not believed that George and Sophia had any children together although Sophia did have five children with her husband Johan, Baron von Kielmansegg (1668 - 1717), whom she married in 1701, so it's hard to say who the fathers of her children actually were. GEORGE II King George II came to the throne upon the death of his father in 1727. He was the eldest and only son of King George I and his wife Sophia Dorothea and was born on the 30th of October 1683 at the Herrenhausen Palace in Hanover. His coronation at Westminster Abbey on the eleventh of October 1727 made him the last British king to be born on foreign soil and the last king to lead an army into Battle, at the Battle of Dettingen in 1743. It was during his reign that the national anthems of Great Britain, Australia, Canada and New Zealand were written and first performed.

On a personal level he is best remembered for his long and bitter feuds both with his father and his son and heir, Fredrick, Prince of Wales. King George died of an aortic aneurysm on October 25th 1760 at the age of seventy five, and true to his word, he was interred in Westminster Abbey in the same casket as his Queen Consort. CAROLINE OF BRANDENBURG - ANSBACH On the 22nd of August 1705 George married Caroline of Brandenburg - Ansbach (1683 - 1737) at the Chapel at Herrenhausen in Hanover, Germany. Caroline was born at Ansbach in Germany on the 1st of March 1683 and was the daughter of John Fredrick Margrave and his wife Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe - Eisenbach, Like most things that George did in his life his father was angry with his choice of bride, not through any dislike for her, but because he did not want to see his son in a loveless, arranged marriage such as he had endured.

As it was, George and Caroline had a very successful marriage that would produce nine children. Caroline was an intellectual woman and lover and patron of the arts. She was well liked both by the parliament and the people of Britain, so much so, that Caroline County, Virginia, U.S.A was named in her honour. She died of a ruptured womb on the 20th of November 1737 aged 54. It is beleived that she pleaded with her husband to remarry, but he promised not to, preferring to take mistresses instead. When she was interred in Westminster Abbey, the king had her coffin fitted with a false side, so that he could be interred along side her when he too died. George and Caroline's union produced nine children, they were; Two children who died in infancy, Augustus George born in 1716 and George William born in 1717 who died within one year. Fredrick, Prince of Wales - (1707 - 1751). Married Augusta of Saxe - Gotha. This union produced nine children, including the future King George III of England and the future Queen Caroline Matilda of Denmark and Norway.

Anne, Princess Royal - (1709 - 1759). Anne married William IV Prince of Orange. They had no children. Amelia - (1711 - 1786). Died unmarried and without issue. Caroline - (1713 - 1757). Died unmarried and without issue. William - (1721 - 1765). Died unmarried and without issue. Mary - (1723 - 1772). Mary married Landgrave of Hesse Kassel and had three children, William - (1743 - 1827). Charles - (1744 - 1836) and Fredrick - (1747 - 1837). Louise - (1724 - 1751). Louise married King Fredrick V of Denmark and had four children; Sophia Magdalena - (1746 - 1813), the future Queen of Sweden. Caroline - 1747 - 1820, the future Electress of Hesse.

Christian - (1749 - 1808), the future King of Denmark and Louise - (1750 - 1831), Princess of Hesse Kassel. HENRIETTA HOWARD Despite George and Caroline's amiable marriage the king still took mistresses, the most famous of which was socialite, Henrietta Herbert, Countess of Suffolk (1689 - 1767). Henrietta was Queen Caroline's Mistress of the Robes and, by all accounts, a great friend of her's too. Henrietta was married to politician Charles Howard, Earl of Suffolk, who in 1723, was paid handsomely for his wife's services to the king, when she had to leave court life due to increasing deafness. AMALIE VON WALLMODEN George's longest running affair however was with German courtier, Amalie von Wallmoden (1704 - 1764), whose twenty year affair produced him with a recognised, illegitimate son, Johan Ludwig Graf von Wallmoden - Gimborne (1736 - 1811).

After the birth of their son George honoured Amalie with a life peerage, giving her the title of the Countess of Yarmouth. Amalie would be the last mistress of a British monarch to be awarded such an honour. GEORGE III George was born in London on the 4th of June 1738, the son of the former Prince of Wales, Prince Fredrick and his wife Princess Augusta of Saxe - Gotha. King George III came to the throne upon the death of his grandfather King George II, as his own father and heir to the throne, the former Prince of Wales, had died nine years previously. George was crowned king at Westminster Abbey on the 22nd of September 1761. George III's reign is renowned for two things, the loss of the American colonies that lead to the American War of Independence and subsequent union of the United States of America and the mental illness that dominated the latter years of his life. George died, blind, deaf and insane on the 29th of January 1820 at the age of 81. It is claimed that the king's mental illness was due to the hereditary condition porphyria.

He was later interred at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. CHARLOTTE OF MECKLENBURG - STRELITZ George married Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz (1744 - 1818) on the 6th of September 1761, in London. This was to become a successful marriage that bore fifteen children, one of which would become the future King of Britain and another would become the future King of Hanover. Charlotte was born on the 19th of May 1744 at Mirow in Germany and was the daughter of Duke Charles Louis Fredrick of Mecklenburg - Strelitz and his wife Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe - Hildburghausen, Charlotte was a lover of music and it is said that she was friends with both the composers Bach and Mozart. Another of her friends was the French Princess Marie Antoinette, with whom she had a long and close relationship, until Marie Antoinette's execution in October 1793. Charlotte enjoyed her married life and caring for her children, but was not happy with court life due to the interference and controlling manner of her mother - in - law Princess Augusta.

This led to the King obtaining Buckingham House as their family home, which is better known today as Buckingham Palace, which still remains to this day the official home of the British monarch. During her latter years Charlotte became the legal guardian of the King during his long mental illness. Charlotte died on the 17th of November, 1818 at the age of 74, having been married to the king for fifty nine years, making her the longest serving Queen Consort in the British monarchy and the second longest serving consort after the Duke Of Edinburgh, consort of the present Queen Elisabeth II. She was later interred at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. During their long marriage the royal couple produced fifteen children, they were: George - Prince of Wales - (1762 - 1830) - Future Prince Regent and future King George IV of Britain. Married Caroline of Brunswick, they had one daughter, Charlotte, Princess of Wales, but she died in 1817 at the age of twenty one.

Fredrick, Duke of York - (1763 - 1827) - He married Princess Charlotte of Prussia, daughter of Fredrick Willem of Prussia and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick - Luneburg. Their union was an unhappy one which produced no heirs. William, Duke of Clarence (1763 - 1827) - Future King William IV of England. Charlotte, Princess Royal - (1766 - 1828) - Charlotte married Fredrick of Wurtenberg. Their union produced one stillborn daughter in 1798. Edward, Duke of Kent - (1767 - 1820) - Edward married Princess Victoria of Saxe Coburg Saalfeld. They produced one child, Victoria – (1819 – 1901) who would go on to become the future Queen of England. Augusta Sophia - (1768 - 1820) - Died unmarried and without issue. Elizabeth - (1770 - 1840) - Elizabeth married Fredrick VI of Landgrave Hesse Hanover. They had no issue.

Ernest Augustus, - (1771 - 1851) - Future King of Hanover - He married Fredricka of Mecklenberg Strelitz and produced one child, George – (1819 – 1878), the future King George V of Hanover. Augustua Fredrick, Duke of Sussex - (1773 - 1843) - He married Lady Augusta Murray and produced two children, Augustus – (1794 – 1848) and Augusta – (1801 – 1866). His second marriage was to Cecilia Underwood, the Duchess of Inverness. This union produced no issue. Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge - (1774 - 1850) - He married Augusta of Hesse Cassel. and produced three children, George – (1819 – 1904). Augusta – (1822 – 1916) and Mary Adelaide - (1833 – 1897).

Mary - (1776 - 1857) - Mary married William, Duke of Gloucester, but had no issue. Sophia - (1777 - 1848) - Died unmarried and without issue. Octavius - (1779 - 1783) - Died in infancy. Alfred - (1780 - 1782) - Died in infancy. Amelia - (1783 - 1810). Died unmarried and without issue. GEORGE IV George was born on the 12th of August 1762, at St Jame's Palace in London. He was the first born child of King George III and his wife Queen Charlotte. King George IV came to the throne upon the death of his mentally ill father after his coronation at Westminster Abbey on the 19th of July 1821, but had actually been the Prince Regent in the king's absence since 1810. On a personal level George is best remembered for being selfish, unreliable, irresponsible and frivolous and for the extravagant lifestyle which contributed to the British Regency period of fashion and architecture.

He was also remembered for his close friendship with architect John Nash, who between them produced the two things which the Prince Regent is most famous for, the Royal Pavillion in Brighton and Regents Park in London. George became King in 1821. By the time of his accession he was obese, addicted to laudanum and in the first stages of dementia, although this hardly made a difference to his ability to run the country as he would have been inept had he been of sound mind and body. King George IV died at Windsor Castle on the 26th of June 1830 from the affects of years of over indulgence at the age of sixty nine. He was interred at the castle's St George's Chapel on July the 15th. CAROLINE OF BRUNSWICK In 1785, at the age of 23 George had indulged in a sham marriage to one of his long time mistresses, Maria Fitzherbert (1756 - 1837). The marriage was declared null and void as it had not passed the Royal Marriage Act by way of approval by King George III.

Because of this sham marriage he was ordered to marry Caroline of Brunswick - (1768 - 1821) on the 7th of April 1795, a marriage that was ill matched and lasted just over a year. Caroline was born on the 17th of May 1768 at Braunschweig in Germany and was the daughter of Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick and his wife Princess Augusta of Britain, the sister of King George III. It has been said that the royal couple had sex just three times, so loathed was George towards his new wife, but three times was enough to produce a daughter,Charlotte (1796 - 1817) who became heir to the throne of Britain. After the birth of the princess, Caroline left the royal court, and the couple never lived together again. Princess Caroline also remained unmarried, as the royal couple had never divorced, but had indulged in many affairs, and eventually left Britain, only to return upon George's accession to the throne, but he refused to recognise Caroline as his Queen.

On the night of King George's coronation, the 21st of July 1821, Caroline was taken ill in her bedchamber. She was ill for three weeks before dying on the 7th of August from an unspecified illness of which Caroline had been sure was poisoning. After her death her body was taken back to her native Brunswick in Germany for burial. Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales was born at Carlton House in London on the 7th of January 1796. She was the only legitimate child of George, the Prince Regent and his wife Caroline of Brunswick. On the second of May 1816 she married Prince Leopold of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld, the future king of Belgium, at a ceremony at Carlton House in London. Eighteen months after her marriage she delivered a stillborn son on the 5th of November 1817 and died the next day on the 6th of November at the age of 21. Charlotte was a well loved princess and her untimely death caused the whole country to go into mourning, especially as her and her son's death had meant the deaths of the next two heirs to the throne.

Charlotte was buried at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle on the 19th of November as vast crowds of the public lined the streets. MARIA FITZHERBERT George is believed to have conducted at least seven affairs during his lifetime and fathered at least two, possibly four, illegitimate children. His mistresses were actress Mary Robinson, socialite Grace Dalrymple Elliot (1754 - 1823), with whom he had one daughter, Georgina Seymour (1782 -1813), political hostess Lady Elisabeth Lamb, Viscountess Melbourne (1750 - 1818), with whom he had one son, George (1784 - 1834), high flier Frances Villers, the Countess of Jersey (1753 - 1821), courtier Lady Isabella Ingram Seymour Conway, the Marchioness of Hertford (1759 - 1834) and courtier Lady Elizabeth Conyngham (1769 - 1861).

However his longest and most high profile affair was with the twice widowed, Maria Fitzherbert (1756 - 1837) with whom he possibly had two daughters. Maria Anne Smythe was born on the 26th of July 1756 at Tong in Shropshire and was the daughter of Walter Smythe and his wife Mary Anne Errington. At the age of 21, in July 1775, Maria married landowner Edward Weld but would be widowed just three months later when Edward was killed after a fall from his horse. Sometime in 1778 Maria married for a second time, to landowner Thomas Fitzherbert. This union produced one son who died in infancy. Again Maria was soon to be widowed when Thomas died just three years later in May 1781. Maria then moved to London as Thomas had left her a town house in Park Street. Maria met George the Prince of Wales in London in 1784 and was pursued relentlessly by him. She entered into a secret and illegal marriage with him at a ceremony performed at her home in Park Street on the 15th of December 1785.

When George had to formally marry Caroline of Brunswick in 1794 he informed Maria that their affair was over by letter.They were never reconciled as lovers again, despite the fact that George and Caroline's marriage was over within months and Pope Pius VII had declared their marriage valid in 1798. However it would seem that despite taking many lovers throughout his lifetime, George never forgot Maria, as just before his death he asked to be buried with a miniature of Maria around his neck, old love letters between the couple had also been found in his bedchamber. When the king's brother the Duke of Clarence found out about their obvious love for one another he offered Maria a ducal title, but she refused asking only that she may be allowed to wear widow's weeds. Maria died on the 27th of March 1837 at Stein House in Brighton. She was later buried at St John the Baptist Church in Kemp Town, Brighton. It has never been verified if Maria bore George any children during their nine year affair, although there have been rumours that she was seen to be pregnant at least once during that time frame.

Some historians are of the belief that she bore him two daughters which were apparantly adopted by two Scottish families, a Mary Ann Stafford - Jerningham and a Mary Georgina Emma Dawson - Damer. This rumour has further been substantiated after papers were found after her death which read - This paper is addressed to my two dear children, whom I have loved with the affection any mother could do, and I have done the utmost in my power for their interests and comfort. WILLIAM IV William was the third born child of King George III and his wife Queen Charlotte. He was born at Buckingham House, now known as Buckingham Palace, on the 21st of August, 1765. With the death of King George IV and the tragic death of his daughter Charlotte in childbirth in 1817, there was no heir presumptive to follow him onto the throne. The accession was therefore handed over to his younger brother Prince William, Duke of Clarence, who came to the throne at the age of sixty four after a coronation at Westminster Abbey on the 8th of September 1831.

After a successful naval career his reign is best remembered by his political reforms of the day, of which he took an avid interest, by way of overseeing updates of the poor laws, restrictions on child labour, the abolition of slavery and a reformation of the electoral system. William was also the last British monarch to appoint a British prime minister. King William IV died at Windsor Castle on the twentieth of June 1837 from heart failure and was buried at the castle's St George's Chapel on the eighth of July 1837. DOROTHY JORDAN George's ' real ' family was with his long time mistress, the Irish actress Dorothea Jordan (1761 - 1816), with whom he had ten children, all of whom were recognised and all of whom were titled. His twenty year relationship with Dorothea lasted from 1791 until they separated in 1811.

The Duke took over the care of the boys and Dorothea was given a yearly stipend to look after the girls, provided she did not go back onto the stage, but due to family problems in 1814 Dorothea was forced back onto the stage to pay off a family debt. When the Duke heard of this he took away both her daughters and her stipend. To avoid the wrath of creditors Dorothea went to Paris, where she died in 1816, apparently living in abject poverty. Their ten children were all given the surname of FitzClarence. Fitz, which means son or daughter of a royal and Clarence which was the Duke's honorary title from birth. Their children were: George Fitzclarence - 1794 - 1842. Henry Fitzclarence - 1795 - 1817. Sophia Fitzclarence - 1796 - 1837. Mary Fitzclarence - 1798 - 1864.Fredrick Fitzclarence - 1799 - 1854.

Elisabeth Fitzclarence - 1801 - 1856. Adolphus Fitzclarence - 1802 - 1856. Augusta Fitzclarence - 1803 - 1865. Augustus Fitzclarence - 1805 - 1854 and Amelia Fitzclarence - 1807 - 1858. Several of these children went on to produce some very notable descendants, the most famous of which would be future British, Prime Minister David Cameron. ADELAIDE OF SAXE - MEINENGEN William did eventually marry on the eleventh of July 1818, in a double wedding ceremony with his brother Edward the Duke of Kent and his bride Princess Victoria of Leiningen, at a ceremony held at Kew Palace in Surrey. William married Adelaide of Saxe - Meiningen (1792 - 1849 ).

She was born on the 13th of August 1792 in Thuringia, Germany and was the daughter of George I, Duke of Saxe - Meiningen and his wife Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe - Langenburg. Their marriage, although one of convenience due to the duke's mounting debts, did become a happy and devoted union on both sides. They produced five children during their marriage but non of them would live longer than four months, they were - Princess Charlotte of Clarence, who was born and died in March of 1819. A stillborn son delivered in September 1819. Princess Elisabeth of Clarence who lived between December 1820 and March 1821. And stillborn twin boys who were delivered in April 1822. Adelaide was loved by the British people and very well respected both at court and by the British parliament. She was religious, modest and charitable, and the whole nation mourned with her upon the tragic loss of all her babies. Adelaide was honoured by way of having the South Australian capital city of Adelaide named after her upon it's founding in 1836.

Adelaide died of natural causes on the second of December 1849 at the age of fifty seven and was later interred in St Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle, alongside her husband who had died eight years previously in 1837. VICTORIA With the death of King William in 1837 the British monarchy was left for a second generation without an heir presumptive. This time the royal accession was bestowed upon the eighteen year old daughter of the fourth son of King George III, the eighteen year old Princess Victoria. Victoria was born on the 24th of May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London, the only child of Augustus, Duke of Kent and his wife Princess Victoria of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld. Her father the Duke died just a few months after her birth from pneumonia. After a lonely and closeted childhood at the hands of her dominant, widowed mother Victoria was crowned queen at the age of nineteen at Westminster Abbey on the 28th of June 1838 and went on to reign for sixty three years, seven months and two days.

During her reign she oversaw four assassination attempts, the deaths of three of her children, the tenure of twenty prime ministers and witness to more historical, scientific, medical, industrial, political and social reforms than any other British monarch. Her love affair and subsequent marriage to her consort, Prince Albert would become legendary, as would her life's work and historical achievements. No other monarch has had more written about her, more statues dedicated to her, more places named after her or more research done into her life, than Victoria, and she is hailed as the world's most famous ever royal, instantly recognised by all throughout the world. Victoria was widowed in 1861, and went into mourning for the rest of her life, although it is recorded that she did have several male friendships during that time, but whether any of them were romantic relationships is unclear, all that is known is that she definitely had certain male favourites. Her death in 1901 saw the end of the Royal Dynasty of the Royal House of Hanover and the end of Britain's most prolific and historical royal era.

She died of a stroke at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight on the 22nd of January 1901 at the age of eighty one and was interred alongside her husband Prince Albert at the Frogmore Mausoleum in Home Park situated in Windsor Great Park, near Windsor Castle. She was succeeded by her son Prince Edward, who was the first and only monarch of the Royal House of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha. ALBERT OF SAXE - COBURG AND GOTHA Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha - (1819 – 1861) on the 10th of February 1840 at the Chapel Royal in St James' Palace in London. Albert was born on the 26th of August 1819 at Rosenau Castle in Coburg, Germany and was the son of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha and his wife Princess Louise of Saxe Gotha and Altenberg. During his marriage to Victoria Albert was renowned for his many public roles which included helping to make sweeping reforms in education, welfare, royal finances and slavery.

Albert was also passionate about the arts and sciences, leading to his presidency of the Royal Commission for the Great Exhibition of 1851 at Crystal Palace (1850 - 1936) pictured below. He died on the 14th of December 1861 in the Blue Room at Windsor Castle after a recent trip to Cambridge to visit his son Prince Edward the Prince of Wales who had recently been involved in a love scandal with a woman of low repute, which the Queen and Prince Albert feared could have led to financial recriminations. Prince Albert died from what was thought to be typhoid fever at the time of his death, but further research by modern historians are of the impression, due to his last two years of waning health, that he probably died from a chronic illness or even a type of cancer. Due to this Queen Victoria for ever blamed her son for the death of her husband, completely banishing him from her life until her final days when she finally spoke to him and hugged him on her death bed at Osbourne House.

Prince Albert was originally interred at St Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle, then removed to the mausoleum at Frogmore a year later, after Victoria had had the mausoleum commissioned and built in his honour. Victoria and Albert's union produced nine children, one of whom would become the King Of Great Britain and another would become the Empress of Germany. Their children were: Victoria, The Princess Royal - (1840 - 1901) - Who married Fredrick III, Emperor of Germany. They had eight children; Wilhelm – (1859 – 1941). Charlotte – (1860 – 1919). Henry – (1862 – 1929). Sigismund – (1864 – 1866). Viktoria – (1866 – 1929). Waldemar – (1868 – 1879). Sophie – (1870 – 1932) and Margaret – (1872 – 1954).

Albert Edward, The Prince of Wales - (1841 - 1910) - Future King Edward VII of England.Married Alexander, Princess of Denmark and produced nine children. Alice - (1843 - 1878) - She married Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and had seven children; Victoria – (1863 – 1950). Elizaveta – (1864 – 1918). Irene – (1866 – 1953). Ernest – (1868 – 1937). Friedrick – (1870 – 1873). Alexander – (1872 – 1918) and Marie – (1874 – 1878). Alfred, Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha - 1844 -1900 - Who married Maria Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess of Russia. They had five children; Alfred – (1874 – 1899). Marie – (1875 – 1938).

Victoria Melita – (1876 –1936). Alexandra – (1878 – 1942) and Beatrice (1884 -1966). Helena - (1846 - 1923) - She married Prince Christian of Schleswig Holstein. and produced four children; Christian – (1867 – 1900). Albert – (1869 – 1931). Helena – (1870 – 1948) and Marie – (1872 – 1956). Louise - (1848 - 1939) - She married John Campbell, the Duke of Argyll. They had no issue. Arthur, Duke of Connaught - (1850 - 1942) - He married Princess Loiuse Margaret of Prussia and had three children; Margaret – (1882 – 1920). Arthur – (1883 – 1938) and Patricia – (1886 – 1974).

Leopold, Duke of Albany - (1853 - 1884) - He married Princess Helena of Waldeck & Pyrmont. They had two children; Alice – (1883 – 1981), who when she died at the age of 97 in 1981 became the oldest ever member of the British Royal Family, a record which still stands to this day. Charles Edward – (1884 – 1954). Beatrice - (1857 - 1944) - She married Prince Henry of Battenberg and had four children; Alexander – (1886 – 1960). Victoria – (1887 – 1969). Leopold – (1889 – 1922) and Maurice – (1891 – 1914).

Caroline of Brunswick-Luneburg | queen of United Kingdom | Britannica.com queen of United Kingdom Alternative Titles: Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, Karoline Amalie Elisabeth, Karoline von Braunschweig-Lüneburg Caroline of Brunswick-Luneburg Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington Caroline of Brunswick-Lüneburg, in full Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, German Karoline von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, or Karoline Amalie Elisabeth (born May 17, 1768, Braunschweig [Germany]—died Aug. 7, 1821, London , Eng.), wife of King George IV of the United Kingdom who—like her husband, who was also her cousin—was the centre of various scandals. Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, pen and ink sketch by Sir George Hayter; in the British Museum Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum; photograph, J.R. Freeman & Co. Ltd.

The daughter of Charles William Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Caroline married George (then prince of Wales) on April 8, 1795, but they separated soon after the birth of their only child, Princess Charlotte (Jan. 7, 1796). In December 1805 a committee of the Privy Council acquitted her of the charge of having given birth to a son by another man. Excluded from the court while her husband was regent (1811–20) for his insane father, George III , Caroline lived chiefly in Italy from 1814 and allegedly maintained an adulterous relationship with her Italian courier, Bartolomeo Pergami (in England often called Bergami). After his accession on Jan. 29, 1820, George IV tried to pay her to remain on the European continent, but in June she returned to England. Thereupon the government introduced a bill to dissolve the marriage and deprive her of the title of queen. After a lengthy hearing (August 17–November 10), the House of Lords abandoned the bill.

She was prevented from entering Westminster Abbey at George’s coronation (July 19, 1821), became ill, and died 19 days later. Learn More in these related articles: Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of the United Kingdom | Unofficial Royalty Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of the United Kingdom by Susan Flantzer Her Highness Princess Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, known as Caroline of Brunswick, was the third child of the seven children of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Augusta of Great Britain , the elder sister of King George III of the United Kingdom.

Born in Brunswick on May 17, 1768, Caroline had six siblings: Augusta (1764 – 1788), married Friedrich III, Duke of Württemberg , had issue Karl (1766 – 1806), married Louise Orange-Nassau , no issue Georg (1769 – 1811), unmarried, declared incapacitated, excluded from the line of succession August (1770 – 1822), unmarried, declared incapacitated, excluded from the line of succession Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1771 – 1815), married 1802, Maria of Baden , had issue Amelie (1772 – 1773) Caroline was rebellious and a tomboy who preferred playing with her brothers instead of with girls. She grew up not very educated in her mother’s uncultured court. Caroline’s mother, the elder sister of King George III, spent her time knitting and doing embroidery with her ladies at her palace outside of Brunswick, Caroline’s father lived in Brunswick with his mistress.

Like many German princesses, she was brought up with no religious instructions to keep her options open for marriage to a prince of any religion. Caroline in 1795, shortly before her marriage; Credit – Wikipedia In 1794, over the British Channel in Great Britain, the eldest son of King George III, George, Prince of Wales was once again severely in debt. If he married, Parliament would settle his debts and his allowance would be increased by £ 100,000. In 1784, George had fallen in love Maria Fitzherbert , a twice-widowed Catholic Irish woman. A marriage with a Catholic would mean that George would lose his place in the succession as stipulated by the Act of Settlement 1701. In addition, under the Royal Marriages Act 1772, prohibited the marriage without the consent of the King, which would never have been granted. Nevertheless, the couple went through with a legally void marriage at Maria Fitzherbert’s home on December 21, 1785. Maria Fitzherbert was convinced she was the lawful wife of the Prince of Wales as she viewed church law to be superior to the law of the state.

For political reasons, the marriage remained secret, although there were rumors spreading all over London, and Maria Fitzherbert had promised to let anything about it announced in public. On June 23, 1794, Maria Fitzherbert was informed by letter that her relationship with the Prince of Wales was over. Caroline, his first cousin, was selected George’s bride. Great Britain was at war with revolutionary France and eager to obtain allies on the European mainland. Caroline and George were married on April 8, 1795 at the Chapel Royal, St. James’ Palace, in London. George and Caroline’s wedding; Credit – Wikipedia This marriage is one of the worst ever royal marriages. Upon first seeing Caroline, George said to his valet, “Harris, I am not well; pray get me a glass of brandy.” Caroline said George was fat and not as handsome as his portrait. It is doubtful that the couple spent more than a few nights together as husband and wife. Their only child, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was born nine months later. They both found each other equally unattractive and never lived together nor appeared in public together.

To make matters worse, George’s mistress, Frances Villiers, Countess of Jersey , was appointed Caroline’s Lady of the Bedchamber. Caroline was ignored at the court and lived basically under house arrest, and after two and a half years, she left the court and lived for ten years in a Montagu House in Blackheath, London. She was denied any part in the raising of her daughter Charlotte and was allowed to see her only occasionally. Caroline, Princess of Wales, 1798 by Sir Thomas Lawrence; Credit – Wikipedia At Montagu House, Caroline provided a home for nine orphan children. In 1802, she adopted one of the children, William Austin, and rumors circulated that he was Caroline’s child. Caroline retorted, “Prove it, and he shall be your King!” A secret commission was set up, known as the “Delicate Investigation”, to investigate the claim that William Austin was Caroline’s son, but the commissioners found there was no real evidence for the allegation. King George III became so ill that it was necessary for Parliament to pass the Regency Act of 1811 .

George acted as Regent until his father died in 1820 and was known as The Prince Regent. Caroline was increasingly unhappy with her situation and treatment, and negotiated a deal with the Foreign Secretary to allow her to leave the country in exchange for an annual allowance of £35,000. On August 8, 1814, Caroline left Great Britain and spent several years traveling in Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Tunis, and Palestine. In Italy, she hired Bartolomeo Pergami as a courier and he soon became the head of her household and rumors circulated that they were lovers. Caroline said that she had committed adultery only once – with Mrs. Fitzherbert’s husband. A caricature mocking Caroline for her supposed affair with Pergami; Credit – Wikipedia Caroline’s daughter Charlotte married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (the uncle of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and the future King of the Belgians), but she predeceased both her parents, dying in childbirth in 1817 at the age of 21, along with her son. Had Charlotte lived, she would have succeeded her father on the throne.

Caroline, who had started receiving letters from her daughter once she was married, was devastated. Caroline with her daughter Charlotte; Credit – Wikipedia When King George III died in January of 1820, Caroline was determined to return to England and assert her rights as queen. On her way back to England, she received a proposal from George offering her £50,000 per year if she would continue to live outside of England. Caroline rejected the proposal and received a royal salute of 21 guns from Dover Castle when she set foot again in England. George was determined to be rid of Caroline and his government introduced a bill in Parliament, the Pains and Penalties Bill 1820 , to strip Caroline of the title of queen consort and dissolve her marriage. The reading of the bill in Parliament was effectively a trial of Caroline. On November 10, 1820, a final reading of the bill took place, and the bill passed by 108–99. Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool then declared that since the vote was so close, and public tensions so high, the government was withdrawing the bill.

The Trial of Queen Caroline, 1820 by Sir George Hayter; Credit – Wikipedia (Caroline is sitting in a chair in the lower middle of the painting) King George IV’s coronation was set for July 19, 1821, but no plans had been made for Caroline to participate. On the day of the coronation, Caroline went to Westminster Abbey, was barred at every entrance and finally left. Three weeks later on August 7, 1821, Caroline died at the age of 53, most likely from a bowel obstruction or cancer. Prior to her death, Caroline had requested that she be buried in her native Brunswick. The official route of Caroline’s cortege through London was to avoid major streets. However, members of the public blocked those streets and forced a new route through the major streets. Caroline was buried at Brunswick Cathedral in Germany alongside her father.

Her casket bears the inscription, “Here lies Caroline, the Injured Queen of England.” Tomb of Queen Caroline: Photo Credit – Recommended book: The Unruly Queen: The Life of Queen Caroline by Flora Fraser (non-fiction) Regency History: Princess Caroline of Brunswick (1768-1821) Princess Caroline of Brunswick (1768-1821) by from Huish's Memoirs of her late royal highness Charlotte Augusta (1818) Profile Princess Caroline of Brunswick (17 May 1768 - 7 August 1821) was the hated wife of George IV. Her reckless behaviour was investigated twice by parliament and although the King failed to divorce her, she was deprived of being crowned as Queen. Family history Caroline Amelia Elizabeth was born on 17 May 1768, the second daughter of Karl Wilhelm, the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, and Princess Augusta, the eldest sister of George III. She was brought up in the German principality with a great deal of freedom, resulting in unrestrained speech which tended to be vulgar and lacking in respect, particularly towards her mother. Unfortunately, her personal cleanliness also left much to be desired.

A disastrous marriage On 8 April 1795, Princess Caroline and George, Prince of Wales , were married. From the outset, the prospects of a happy union were slim; in the event, it was an unmitigated disaster. The prince’s motivation for getting married was to appease parliament and persuade them to pay his enormous debts. Although he had separated from Maria Fitzherbert , his long-term mistress, George was at this time infatuated with Frances, Countess of Jersey , who had encouraged him to marry to shield their relationship. George IV from La Belle Assemblée (1830) George disliked Princess Caroline on sight. He heartlessly made his mistress a Lady of the Bedchamber for his new wife and did not scruple to advertise that she was her rival. Lady Jersey’s behaviour towards Caroline was unkind and cruel; the prince treated Caroline with disdain and rudeness. The royal couple only remained together as man and wife for a few weeks, but Caroline fell pregnant; she gave birth to a daughter, Princess Charlotte Caroline Augusta, on 7 January 1796.

Princess Charlotte from La Belle Assemblée (1816) Separation By March 1796, George wanted an official separation from his wife, but his father would not allow it. The prince refused to see his wife except on formal occasions, but nevertheless restricted Caroline’s freedom and access to her daughter. In 1805, the king, George III , made her Ranger of Greenwich Park allowing her greater independence and financial security. The Delicate Investigation In 1806, Lady Douglas, a former companion of the Princess of Wales, accused her of having given birth to an illegitimate child in 1802. The government made a thorough investigation into the claims which were proved to be unfounded. It appears that the child Caroline was accused of conceiving out of wedlock was William Austin whom she had legally adopted. Spencer Perceval threatened to publish the findings of the investigation if Caroline was not fully restored to her royal position; “The Book” was printed despite Caroline being hastily received at Court and provided fuel for her supporters for many years. The wayward wife In 1814, Caroline was given leave to travel abroad, firstly to Germany and then on to Italy.

Her behaviour at this time can only be described as reckless; she publicly engaged in adulterous affairs without the least discretion, the most notable of which was with Barolomeo Bergami, also known as Count Pergami. The Queen Caroline Affair When George acceded to the throne in 1820, Caroline technically became the Queen Consort of England and on 5 June, she arrived from Italy, amidst public rejoicing, to claim her rights as queen. George wanted to divorce his adulterous wife and deprive her of her rank. In response, the cabinet introduced what is commonly known as the Bill of Pains and Penalties, which would have dissolved the king’s marriage and deprived her of her title. Her adultery was easily proven and the bill was passed by a small majority in the House of Lords, but it was dropped because of its widespread unpopularity. Decline Although championed by ardent supporters such as Sarah, Lady Jersey , Caroline’s popularity waned; she withdrew from public view, accepting a house and an allowance of £50,000 a year.

She made one final attempt to be recognised as Queen; she attempted to enter the abbey for the coronation and be crowned alongside her estranged husband. She was refused admittance, despite the sympathy of the crowd, and gave up the attempt. She died just a few weeks later, on 7 August 1821, at Brandenburg House. Sources used include: Chedzoy, Alan, Seaside Sovereign - King George III at Weymouth, (2003) Fry, Plantagenet Somerset, The Kings & Queens of England & Scotland, (1990) Harris, James, First Earl of Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Volume III (1834) Huish, Robert, Memoirs of her late royal highness Charlotte Augusta (1818) Parissien, Steven, George IV, The Grand Entertainment (2001) Watson, J.

Steven, Oxford History of England: The Reign of George III 1760-1815, (1960) Caroline of Brunswick – Jane Austen Categories: Society Figures Tags: Caroline of Brunswick , Prince of Wales , Princess Charlotte , Princess of wales , prinny Leave a comment Share this: I Suppose all the World is sitting in Judgement upon the Princess of Wales’s Letter. Poor woman, I shall support her as long as I can, because she is a Woman, & because I hate her Husband — but I can hardly forgive her for calling herself “attached & affectionate’ to a Man whom she must detest — & the intimacy said to subsist between her & Lady Oxford is bad — I do not know what to do about it; but if I must give up the Princess, I am resolved at least always to think that she would have been respectable, if the Prince had behaved only tolerably by her at first.

–” Jane Austen to Martha Lloyd February 16th, 1813 Princess Caroline Amelia Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel was born on May 17, 1768 at Brunswick (German:Braunschweig) in Germany, daughter of Karl William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales, eldest sister of King George III. She married the British king’s eldest son, her first cousin, in an arranged marriage on April 8, 1795 at St. James’s Palace in London. Her new husband, the future George IV then Prince of Wales, regarded Caroline as unattractive and unhygienic. Even as Presumptive Monarch, the Prince of Wales, known as Prinny, had no choice. Despite a previous marriage, he was deeply in debt and only by marrying an approved Royal Princess and furnishing the country with an heir, would parliament agree to settle accounts.

The Prince was introduced (more…) Posted on Categories: Society Figures Tags: Caroline of Brunswick , George IV , Princess Charlote , prinny , Queen Charlotte Leave a comment Share this: Son, Brother, Husband, Lover, Father– the Prince of Wales held many titles throughout his life in regards to the women around him. A devoted brother of six sisters, he was especially fond of his mother, Queen Charlotte, who remained his constant cousellor and friend throughout his life, dispite her high disregard for his lifestyle. Of his wives, Maria Anne Fitzherbert and Princess Caroline of Brunswick, he only loved one. These women are discussed in our biography of the Prince. He maintained several mistresses throughout his life, but it is possible that the only other woman to win his true devotion and undying love, was his daughter, Princess Charlotte of Wales. Despite being the daughter of his hated wife, Princess Caroline, the Prince of Wales was a doting parent and devoted father…in his own way. Her death, in 1817, left him devastated.

Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (May 19, 1744 – November 17, 1818) was the queen consort of King George III. The youngest daughter of Duke Charles Louis Frederick, and Elizabeth Albertin of Saxe-Hilburghausen, Duchess of Saxony, Charlotte was born in Mirow in her father’s duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Germany. When only seventeen years old, she was selected as the bride of the young king George (who had already flirted with several young women considered unsuitable by his mother, Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, and by his political advisors). Charlotte arrived in Britain in 1761 and the couple were married at the Chapel Royal in St James’s Palace, London, on September 8 (more…) Posted on The Queen Caroline Affair, 1820 Biography I am happy that you are using this web site and hope that you found it useful. Unfortunately, the cost of making this material freely available is increasing, so if you have found the site useful and would like to contribute towards its continuation, I would greatly appreciate it. Click the button to go to Paypal and make a donation.

The Queen Caroline Affair, 1820 George, Prince of Wales, was prevailed upon to marry his cousin Caroline of Brunswick as his part of a deal; in return, parliament promised to pay off his enormous debts. George had already married Maria Fitzherbert , a Roman Catholic widow; however, the marriage was void in accordance with the terms of the Royal Marriages Act of 1772. The Prince of Wales also had a number of mistresses; one of them, Lady Jersey, went to meet Caroline when she arrived from Brunswick on 5 April 1795. Caroline was twenty-six years old, of stocky build and had little to her credit apart from a fine head of hair. She spoke too much and very coarsely, dressed dowdily, had little moral reticence or good sense. She seems to have had an aversion to washing either her person or her clothes. Consequently she smelled. When Princess Caroline arrived at St James' Palace the Prince of Wales came to visit her. After greeting her, he turned to the Earl of Malmesbury saying, "Harris, I am not well. Pray get me a glass of brandy". He then left the room.

Caroline's comment to Malmesbury was , "I find him very stout and by no means as handsome as his portrait". The ill-matched pair were married on 8 April 1795 and it soon became clear that the Prince of Wales would not tolerate his wife's company unless he was drunk. The marriage was consummated and on 7 January 1796 a daughter, Charlotte, was born to the couple. By March, the proud parents were living separately and rarely spoke to each other. By May, Caroline was living in a separate establishment; after 1798 she lived in Montague House, Blackheath. Among her visitors were Spencer Perceval and George Canning . The Princess of Wales soon gathered an embryo court around her; its pursuits were rowdy, boisterous and frequently they were indiscreet. Her flirtatious manner worried some ministers but public opinion remained indulgent. People were sympathetic to the princess who had been left lonely and neglected by her selfish husband who maintained his relationship with Maria Fitzherbert and at least one mistress. One couple who were Caroline's neighbours in Blackheath were Major-General Sir John Douglas and his wife Charlotte.

Lady Charlotte Douglas was a good-looking, socially ambitious woman of 'low birth'; she became Caroline's constant companion and for a time she lived at Montague House. However, rumours about scandalous events at Montague House began to circulate. Lady Douglas alleged that Caroline had admitted to having had an illegitimate child who was known as William Austin. A Royal Commission was established to examine the allegations and completed its work in the summer of 1805. Caroline was cleared of the gravest charge of adultery but her behaviour in other respects was open to 'very unfavourable interpretations'. It was found that she had "romped familiarly" with a number of naval officers: a servant had once fainted on seeing her immodest dallying with Admiral Sir Sidney Smith; there was evidence that her conversation was littered with sexual innuendo. George III was principally offended by the numbers of men who had enjoyed Caroline's favours: he could never condone profligacy on such a scale. A royal reprimand was drafted, and it was intimated to the Princess of Wales that the King had no intention of receiving her at Court. Yet she did not entirely fall from grace.

Within a year Spencer Perceval became Chancellor of the Exchequer and insisted on an outward reconciliation between the King and the Princess and apartments were assigned to Caroline in Kensington Palace. For some years Caroline's behaviour showed greater restraint. The "Delicate Investigation" did not provide the Prince of Wales with such damning evidence of his wife's immorality that he could rid himself of her. The whole episode lowered him still further in public regard. To many it seemed monstrous that his wife should be arraigned for lapses which appeared less grave than his own. The Prince was mocked and lampooned, and he resented the attacks upon him. As his popularity waned, so Caroline's increased. In 1814 the Whigs demanded that her allowance should be increased; on 30 June she was accorded an annual grant of £50,000 Her response was that she would be happy to accept £35,000 so as to ease the taxpayers' burden. Then she she left for a period of residence abroad on the grounds that since the English Court would not give her the honours due to a Princess of Wales, she was content to be 'Caroline, a happy merry soul'.

Soon after her arrival in Europe, Caroline had appointed Bartolomeo Pergami as her secretary. He was an obscure Italian veteran of Napoleon's Russian campaign ; he encouraged her to buy a villa on the shores of Lake Como and became her constant companion. The pair travelled widely: Italy, the German lands, the Greek islands, Constantinople, Jericho and Jerusalem. There were reports of Caroline's scandalous behaviour: sleeping under a tent on the deck of a polacca; posing for a portrait with 'her person much exposed'; driving through Genoa in a gown that had a low-cut bodice and short white skirt, with a pink hat covered in pink feathers (she was fat and 50 by this time); her adulterous relationship with Pergami. In August 1818 the Prince of Wales appointed a three-man commission to investigate his wife's activities. Lord Liverpool's government was reluctant to advise the Prince to begin proceedings for a divorce for a number of reasons: ministers feared that any apparent persecution of Caroline would lead to a reaction in her favour, particularly from among the Whigs they were uncertain over the legal form any action might take for the offences had occurred on foreign soil and Pergami was not subject to English law.

Had he been British, he would have been guilty of High Treason, which carried the death penalty the Tories could not rely on back-bench support if there was a wave of sympathy for the Princess The only people who overtly supported Caroline were Henry Brougham and his brother James. James went to Milan while the Commission was at work and Caroline said that she was prepared to remain abroad and not claim her rank as Queen Consort when Prince George succeeded to the throne, provided she received a satisfactory money grant she was not divorced she was not subjected to any parliamentary proceedings that attempted to prove her an adulteress On 29 January 1820, George III died and his son became King George IV . This meant that Caroline was now Queen Consort and that posed immediate questions How was the prayer for the Royal Family to be worded in the Anglican liturgy? What part, if any, should Caroline play in the coronation ceremonies? What advice should be given to foreign courts discreetly enquiring about the honours they should accord Caroline in her travels?

The King said that both Church and State should ignore the existence of a Queen Consort while the government found a speedy method of divorce; the Cabinet insisted that they could not introduce a Bill of Divorce without evidence being heard by judges in an ecclesiastical court and that if the Queen decided to fight for her rights it was likely that 'recriminations of every kind' would be made. It was left unsaid that George's subjects would be treated to unedifying details of his relations with Maria Fitzherbert, Lady Jersey, Lady Hertford and the remainder of his long line of mistresses. Eventually he was persuaded to agree to Liverpool's suggestion that Caroline be granted an annuity payable only so long as she remained abroad and on the understanding that her name would be omitted from the prayer-book and that she would not expect to be crowned. Caroline chose to return to England to claim her rights, requesting that the Royal Yacht be made ready at Calais to receive her on 3 June. The request was refused; Caroline arrived in England on 5 June to a great welcome.

On 7 June Alderman Wood - who twice had been the Lord Mayor of London - greeted Caroline outside the city; she was cheered over Westminster Bridge and, as her carriage passed Carlton House, the sentries presented arms. Caroline shouted, "Long live the King". At the end of June 1820 the government prepared a Bill of Pains and Penalties - a method of using the machinery of Parliament to establish wrongs without resort to the formal proofs essential in a court of law. If the Bill had passed through parliament and received the royal assent, it would have deprived "Her Majesty Caroline Amelia Elizabeth ... of the title of Queen" and declared her marriage to George IV "for ever wholly dissolved, annulled and made void". The proceedings lasted for eleven weeks. They were strictly limited to the alleged relationship between Caroline and Pergami in the hope that there would be no opportunity for Henry Brougham (the Queen's attorney-general) to discredit the King or raise questions concerning Maria Fitzherbert. Virtually every Peer, bishop and judge was required to attend the trial held in an annex to the House of Lords. Caroline was allowed to be there, but not to give evidence.

Her daily journeys to the court were turned into Royal Progresses, the crowds hailing her as she passed. The evidence against the Queen was circumstantial and, although few people thought her to be innocent, many of those at the trial disliked the whole procedure. This dislike became clear when the hearing ended and the Bill was put to parliament. On 6 November a vote was taken in the Lords on the second reading of the Bill; the government majority was 28 votes; on 10 November the majority fell to nine votes on the third reading. Liverpool knew that this was a defeat and withdrew the Bill rather than risk a full debate in the House of Commons. Parliament was prorogued for two weeks until the political situation was clarified. There was rejoicing in London and the Queen was popular for two weeks. On 29 November she attended a service at St Paul's Cathedral to give thanks for her deliverance from her enemies. The cathedral was half empty and the incumbent refused to insert any special intention in the General Thanksgiving; Caroline was not mentioned once during the service and when she left the cathedral the organist played a series of variations on the National Anthem as the recessional.

The coronation of George IV had been rescheduled for 19 July 1821; the king applied all his skills of showmanship to planning the event. His only worry was that the Queen might make a scene. Early in May she had written to Liverpool to ask what 'ladies of high rank' would carry her train and 'what dresses his Majesty would desire her to wear'. She had taken her husband's refusal to give her any place in the ceremony very badly. On coronation day she drove to the Abbey and tried to gain admittance at every door but was turned away because she did not have a ticket. Her activities provoked hostility from the crowd; she was hooted and hissed until she left. On 30 July Caroline began to suffer from severe abdominal pains while attending a performance at Drury Lane theatre. She was taken home but by the end of the week it was clear that she would not survive. She died on the evening of 7 August but there were immediate problems with her funeral because she had expressed a wish to be buried in Germany and to have engraved on her coffin the simple inscription, "Caroline of Brunswick, the injured Queen of England".

George IV proposed that her body should be taken down river to the Nore on a state barge and put onto a warship to be taken to Germany. The Admiralty had no suitable ship so the Queen's body was taken to Harwich where a ship was waiting. The funeral procession was to avoid central London and the City: the whole affair was bungled; a mob of demonstrators forced the procession to turn down Tottenham Court Road and follow a route to Temple Bar where the Lord Mayor "paid honour to the Queen's remains". During the disturbances and rioting, one man was killed. Finally, Queen Caroline left England for the last time. Contemporary sources about Queen Caroline may be found here Caroline of Brunswick: Injured Queen of England Caroline of Brunswick: Injured Queen of England Home / Society Figures / Caroline of Brunswick: Injured Queen of England Caroline of Brunswick: Injured Queen of England Posted on Categories: Society Figures Tags: Caroline of Brunswick , Prince of Wales , Princess Charlotte , Princess of wales , prinny Share this: I Suppose all the World is sitting in Judgement upon the Princess of Wales’s Letter.

Poor woman, I shall support her as long as I can, because she is a Woman, & because I hate her Husband — but I can hardly forgive her for calling herself “attached & affectionate’ to a Man whom she must detest — & the intimacy said to subsist between her & Lady Oxford is bad — I do not know what to do about it; but if I must give up the Princess, I am resolved at least always to think that she would have been respectable, if the Prince had behaved only tolerably by her at first. –” Jane Austen to Martha Lloyd February 16th, 1813 Princess Caroline Amelia Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel was born on May 17, 1768 at Brunswick (German:Braunschweig) in Germany, daughter of Karl William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales, eldest sister of King George III. She married the British king’s eldest son, her first cousin, in an arranged marriage on April 8, 1795 at St. James’s Palace in London.

Her new husband, the future George IV then Prince of Wales, regarded Caroline as unattractive and unhygienic. Even as Presumptive Monarch, the Prince of Wales, known as Prinny, had no choice. Despite a previous marriage, he was deeply in debt and only by marrying an approved Royal Princess and furnishing the country with an heir, would parliament agree to settle accounts. The Prince was introduced Want to read the full article? Sign up for free Jane Austen Membership or if you are an existing user please login Existing Users Log In 1768: Caroline of Brunswick – the Queen who Travelled Much of Europe | History.info | Page 19782 1768: Caroline of Brunswick – the Queen who Travelled Much of Europe Photo Credit To Wikipedia Commons Story Highlights Historical event: 17 May 1768 Caroline and her husband George IV had many difficulties. He married her due to other people, and didn't want to be in her presence. While Caroline was “exiled”, she visited Tunisia, Malta, the Greek island of Mil, Athens, Corinth, Constantinople, and even the Holy Land (Nazareth and Jerusalem).

Caroline of Brunswick, the British Queen, was born on this day in 1768. She was the wife of King George IV, who ruled Britain as a prince regent. Queen Caroline was only a year younger than Napoleon Bonaparte. She was born in Germany, as a member of the Welf dynasty. Her father was Prince and Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, the German statelet located southeast of Hanover. He had an important role during the French Revolution, when he was appointed commander-in-chief of the army whose goal was to suppress the revolution. They also wanted Louis XVI to take power. But, this didn’t happen, and the French revolutionary army soon conquered much of Europe. Caroline and her husband George IV had many difficulties. Previously, he had married Maria Fitzherbert, but this marriage was not valid due to UK laws. In 1814, Caroline left the UK after consulting Lord Castlereagh, who was Minister of Foreign Affairs at the time. It was a kind of exile, and she annually received 35,000 pounds (at that time, that was huge amount of money). Caroline visited Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, and travelled across the Mediterranean Sea.

She visited Tunisia, Malta, the Greek island of Mil, Athens, Corinth, Constantinople, and even the Holy Land (she was in Nazareth and Jerusalem). Later, she returned to England. Caroline wanted to attend her husband’s coronation as the legitimate queen, but was humiliated. She died two-and-a-half weeks after that (some suspected that she was poisoned). Facebook Comments

Question: Caroline of Brunswick, a German Noblewoman was married to which British King?
Answer: GEORGE IV