Blacksmiths Glossary Blacksmiths Glossary Compiled by Tom Cloud for Ann Spiro Add your information using the Contribution form . Definition Alloy Two metals mixed together to achieve a unique characteristic (different from a compound where two chemicals combine to form a different substance). A metal alloy combines metals to obtain characteristics slightly different from the components used. Some metals are "elemental" meaning they are a unique chemical element found on the periodic table of elements. Seven of these -- gold, copper, silver, lead, tin, iron, and mercury -- were used by early metallurgists. Brass, bronze and steel are examples of alloys of those elemental metals. Anglesmith A person who bends or joins metal to form angular shapes. Annealing Heating a metal to remove stresses or hardening, usually to a temperature just below the metal's melting point. Anvil A heavy metal working piece on which metal objects are hammered or forged. In ancient times anvils were made of stone. Anvilsmith Maker of anvils and hammers for blacksmiths. Arbor Press A hand-operated press used for small tasks, e.g. pressing pins into holes or riveting, staking, etc. Armorer A person who makes or repairs armor or weapons.

Auger Maker Maker of carpenters' augers (drill bits). Axle Maker Maker of axles for wagons and coaches. Bellfounder A person who made bells in a foundry. Bellows Maker A person who made bellows used to keep smiths' furnace fires at the proper temperature. Bessemer Process The first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron, patented in 1855 by Henry Bessemer. It featured the removal of impurities from the iron by oxidizing them with air blown through the molten iron. Blacksmith A person who creates objects from metal (typically iron or steel) by forging the metal using heat, hammers and specialized tools. The name comes from the Teutonic word "smeithan" meaning to forge and from the black color of the heated iron, so it means black metal forger. Blacksmith's Apprentice A person who assisted the blacksmith in his job, working with iron using a furnace, anvil, and hammer. Blacksmith's Striker A person who assisted the blacksmith in his job, working with iron using a furnace, anvil, and hammer.

Bladesmith A person who worked with blades to create tools such as swords or knives. Blanking A machine press operation whereby a piece of metal is punched out of a larger workpiece. The resulting piece of metal is called a "blank" and often was shaped as a circle or square or or other shape. Blast Furnace A high temperature furnace used to smelt metals from their ore. It differs from typical smelters or furnaces in that air (oxygen) is forced into the bottom of the furnace which raises the combustion temperature of the fuel and creates a reaction with the iron. Blast furnaces are found in China dating to the 1st century BC. The Catalan forge was a predecessor to the blast furnace in Europe. Boiler A closed container in which water is heated to steam, often to power a machine e.g. a locomotive or ship. Boiler Maker A person who makes boilers. Brake A type of press used to bend sheet metal. Brass An alloy of copper and zinc and often other metals. Brass Cutter A person who engraves copper plate. Brass Dresser A person who made finished or dressed brass.

Brass Finisher A person who worked in a foundry to remove burs and marks from brass objects using sanding, polishing or buffing techniques. Brass Founder A person who cast brass, melting it down and making items from moulds such as bells, harnesses, coach fittings and buckles. It would have involved working with extreme heat, often giving a permanent color to the founder's face. In addition there was the extreme hazard of dealing with molten brass on a daily basis, not to mention lifting heavy metal objects. Brass Knob Maker A person who casts brass to make door knobs. Brass Pole Maker A person who made brass poles. Brazier A person who made or repaired brass items. Brazing A form of high temperature soldering using special alloys of brass as the filler or joining metal. The brass filler contains copper combined with other metals e.g. silver, nickel, zinc, phosphorus, etc. The process requires temperatures hot enough to melt the filler metal, typically above 450 C or 800 F. Because of the heat, the metal would quickly oxidize and prevent the metals from combining, so a flux was needed (see flux).

Brightsmith A person who works with bright metals such as copper, tin or brass. Bronze A metal alloy consisting of copper mixed with tin though other metals may also be added. Cartwright The occupation of making and repairing carts (a wainwright). Casting The process of pouring molten metal into a mold. Catalan Forge A furnace used to smelt iron from its ore, also called a bloomery. It used air forced into the bottom of the furnace to raise the burning temperature of the fuel. It was invented in Catalonia, Spain in the 8th century and was a predecessor of the modern blast furnace. Coin Die A die used to make coins, seals or medallions. They were specialty dies made by artisan engravers. Coining The process of striking or stamping metal blanks between die faces to transfer a pattern or image from the die to the blank. See also Mint. Coin Press A high-pressure machine press operation wherein the metal workpiece face is deformed into a pattern in the shape of the die. Developed by the Romans, it was used to produce not only coins but medals or medallions, jewelry, seals and other items with designs on their surface. Copperbeater A person who worked with copper or brass.

Coppersmith A person who made artifacts from copper, including cookware, eating utensils, jewelry, cigarette cases, light fixtures, etc. Crucible A container in which metals are melted, originally made of clay and later from ceramics and other materials. Die A specially shaped part of a press, the anvil, so to speak, against which the metal workpiece is driven by the ram or hammer of the press. The die was used to form the metal into specific shapes including bending it, punching holes in it, or deforming it into shapes such as rivets, pins, or in impressing patterns upon the metal's surface as with coins, jewelry, medallions, etc. Die Maker An person who makes the dies used in forming metal into shapes or impressing patterns upon the surface of metal. Drawing A metalworking process wherein metal is forced or pulled through a metal die (the die can be a hole through which the metal is drawn, as used for wire drawing, or rollers, as used in sheet metal drawing). It is used to make wire, bars, tubes and sheet metal. Engine A mechanical device which converts power into motion. Engraver A metalworker who cut patterns into metal.

Engraving was practiced by jewelers, watchmakers, coin minters and others. Engravers also made lettered or numbered punches or dies used to strike the images onto metal workpieces. They later made the lettered type dies used in printing. Farrier A blacksmith who works with horses, caring for their feet by shoeing, trimming them, etc. File Maker A person who makes files by cutting or chiseling grooves into a metal blank and then hardening it. Finery Forge The furnace used to produce malleable wrought iron from pig iron. Finisher A person who finished or polished items, usually of metal. Fireman A person who works with furnaces and boilers ensuring their proper operation to power machinery. (see furnaceman). Flux A substance used to keep oxygen from the surface of heated or molten metal in order to prevent its oxidation. Historically, charcoal and eventually borax compounds were used and today inert gases such as argon and helium are used to keep oxygen away from the workpiece. (Nitrogen cannot be used as it causes nitrogen embrittlement).

Some fluxes are intentionally corrosive, some containing muriatic acid, for example, to aid in cleaning the areas to be joined, while some fluxes, e.g. those used in electronics, use a rosin to achieve a non-corrosive and non-conductive flux. Forge A brick or stone-lined furnace where the smith or smithy heats the workpiece to a malleable or annealing temperature before transferring it to the anvil to work with the hammer. Forging The shaping of metal using force (typically a hammer or press) and usually heat. Forging Press A machine press used to hammer or forge metal into three-dimensional shapes. Foundry A place where metal casting is performed  a process in which metal is melted and poured into molds. The resulting metal shape is called a casting. The first recorded metals to be cast were lead, silver and gold as they are easier to cast than other metals. Copper is one of the more difficult metals to cast, though adding small amounts of other metals like silver or zinc make the process easier. Iron requires much higher temperatures to melt, which made its use in casting later than for the other elemental metals.

Early casting molds were probably dirt or sand, and sand is still used today for certain types of casting. Furnaceman A person responsible for keeping a furnace at the proper temperature by fueling it with wood or coal (see also fireman). Graver The hardened tool used by an engraver (aka burin) to cut patterns in metal. Gunsmith A person who made firearms. Hammer A heavy tool used by the smith to beat metal objects into shape or to join them together (weld them). Hammerman (Smith) A person who worked with metal, literally hammering it. Hardening The process of making a metal harder through beating it (work hardening), quenching and tempering or adding proprietary chemicals or alloys to it. Heat Treating A metalworking process used to alter the properties of the metal, e.g. Annealing, case hardening, quenching, tempering, etc. Horseshoe A U-shaped piece of metal nailed to the hooves of horses and other animals to protect their hooves from damage. Iron A metal, a basic chemical element existing in the earth in ores as iron oxides.

It is extracted from the iron ore at high temperatures in a smelter and is hardened with the addition of carbon. Modern extraction uses blast furnaces. Iron has magnetic properties (is ferromagnetic) and can be magnetized or attracted to a magnetized object. Machine Press A place where powered tools cut and form materials e.g. Metal, etc. Machinist A person who worked or "machined" metal typically using a lathe or milling machine. Malleable The ability of a metal to be deformed under compressive stress -- hammering by the smithy. Matchet or Machete Forger A knifemaker, or machete maker; a heavy axe-like knife used as a chopping tool. Mechanic A person who repaired machines, typically engines. Metals of Antiquity The seven elemental metals -- gold, copper, silver, lead, tin, iron, and mercury -- are called the metals of antiquity. Metalwork The process of forming metal into objects. Early metal work involved smelting the elemental metal ore to obtain the metal workpiece and then either hammering it or casting it into shapes. Mint A specialized foundry where coins are made. Piercing A press operation producing a hole in the workpiece.

The hole could be circular, square or other shapes. Pig Iron A brittle, high carbon content form of iron from a blast furnace. It was poured into sand molds and resembled a pig, hence its name. It was typically worked into wrought iron in finery forges. Press The press was a natural evolution from the hammer to a more sophisticated method of working metal. As with the hammer, it is used to shape metal or make impressions on it, to force metal pieces together, to make holes in metal or to punch shapes from metal sheets. It allowed more control over the process, along with more force, and allowed for a wider variety of shapes and impressions. Originally, the press ram was driven against the press anvil by a hammer blow and later by a lever or screw mechanism. Modern presses typically use hydraulic pistons to drive the ram. Different functions are performed by different types of presses  e.g. Arbor Press, Brake, Coin Press, Forging Press, Machine Press, Punch Press, Rolling Press, Screw Press, Stamping Press, etc. Punch A metal tool used with a hammer to drive pins or set rivets. The term can also refer to a type of press used to punch holes in metal.

Punch Press A machine press used to punch holes in metal. Puddler A person who worked in the metallurgy industry making wrought iron by melting pig iron, slowly removing the carbon and then hammering out the slag before being rolled into bars or sheets. Quenching The rapid cooling of the metal workpiece to change its properties -- typically to harden steel. Rolling Press A type of press made of rollers through which sheet metal was forced in order to impress a pattern onto the metal or to make the metal thinner, wider and longer. Saw Maker A person who made and repaired saws. Screw Maker A person who made screws by using a mould, usually with iron. Screw Press A press where the ram is driven by a screw. Sheet Metal Metal formed into thin, flat sheets. Shipsmith A blacksmith who forged parts for building ships. Slag A by-product of smelting ore -- the unwanted remainder of the smelting process. Also called dross or tailings. Smelter A high temperature furnace used to extract metals from their ores. Smelting The process of extracting a metal from its ore through heat and the addition of certain reducing agents.

Smith A person who worked in the metallurgy industry with metals such as iron using a furnace, anvil, and hammer. Iron is a so-called 'black' metal as it turns black when heated, hence the term "blacksmith". They also work with steel and tin. The metals were heated using furnaces driven by wood or coal until malleable enough to shape with tools. This was known as forging. The origin of the term is ancient and unknown, but may be from the Norse "smithr" or early Greek "smile" (carving knife) and can be found in Old English "smithian" and early German "Schmied". Soldering Joining metal objects using a molten filler metal heated with a hot iron or a torch or flame. Soldering differs from gluing objects together in that the metals form an alloy at the joint, a molecular bond that prevents the encroachment of oxygen or moisture. Soft soldering used a tin-lead alloy as the filler metal. It requires the least amount of heat and is the weakest of the soldering techniques. Silver soldering melted at higher temperatures and used a silver alloy. Brazing was the strongest and required the most heat to melt the brass filler metal.

The temperature of the flame and the workpiece produced light such that darkened goggles were required to braze. Soldering Iron A tool used to perform soft soldering, usually a copper-plated metal rod heated in a furnace and later heated by an electric current. Stamping Refers to metal forming operations performed by presses, including blanking, embossing, bending, flanging, punching and coining. Steel An alloy of iron and carbon and other metals which was stronger and easier to work than iron. Like iron, it has magnetic properties. Stoker A person who was in charge of a furnace, keeping it at the appropriate temperature by feeding wood or coal into it. Some furnaces were used to drive steam machinery, but they were also used in foundries. Fireman is the designation for a person whose job is to tend the fire for the running of a steam engine, typically a steam locomotive. In other places where steam engines are employed, such as steamships and saw mills, the designation stoker is used. Striker / Stryker A person who assisted the blacksmith in his job, working with iron using a furnace, anvil, and hammer.

Swaging The process of forcing metal into or through a cavity or hole in a die using a hammer or press in order to deform the metal into a smaller or different shape. Tempering A process to make metal "tougher" by heating and quenching it through various steps. Tilt Hammer A water driven hammer which could weigh several hundred pounds. It allowed the smith to hammer much larger pieces of iron. They existed in Europe during the Middle Ages but did not appear in England until the late fifteenth or early sixteenth centuries. Tinker An itinerant worker who travelled about working as a tinsmith. Tinman A person who worked with "white" or light-colored metals such as tin and pewter, making items like cups, plates, cutlery. Also a person who finished or polished iron. Tinner A person who worked extracting tin ore or who worked as a tinsmith with "white" or light-colored metals such as tin and pewter, making items like cups, plates, cutlery. Tinsmith A person who worked with "white" or light-colored metals such as tin and pewter, making items like cups, plates, cutlery.

Tongs Tools used to grip and hold the smith's metal workpiece in the furnace and while hammering it. Tool Helver A person who made tool handles. Toolsmith A person who makes tools from metal by forging and hammering. Traveling Forge A blacksmith shop on wheels often used to service the military, to shoe horses, repair wagons, artillery, etc. Vulcan A person who worked in the metallurgy industry with iron using a furnace, anvil, and hammer. Wainwright A person who made and repaired wheels for carts, wagons and horse-drawn carriages, also known as a Cartwright. The term comes from the old English "wain" meaning a large wagon for farm use and "wryhta" meaning a worker or maker. Welding The process of joining metal objects by melting them together. Wheel Making A person who builds or repairs wheels. Wire Drawer A person who made wire by forcing metal through holes in a die. Wire Pulling The process of pulling metal through a hole (a wire-making die) to turn it into wire. This is a progressive operation as the wire is incrementally made smaller and longer.

Work Hardening Hardening a metal by forming it, often by hammering, but any flexing or compression of the metal, e.g. bending, vibration, stamping, shearing, drawing, rolling, etc. will cause hardening. Work hardening is not always desirable, as in the eventual breakage of a metal wire or strap which is bent too many times. (Annealing was used to remove the stresses caused by work hardening.) Wright Blacksmith’s Anvil Blacksmith’s Anvil Get Free Wrought Iron Tips Delivered to Your Inbox Wrought Iron Tips & Tricks Your privacy is 100% guaranteed. Blacksmith’s Anvil Blacksmith’s Anvil The Blacksmith’s Anvil A blacksmith is described as the person who forges metal by bending, hammering and cutting it in order to make various items using wrought iron or steel. Some of the tools used by a blacksmith include hammers, tongs and the blacksmith’s anvil among others and the items produced include agricultural implements, furniture, weapons, cooking utensils and railings. The blacksmith’s anvil is a tool mainly used for forging and though most anvils are made using steel, different types also exist.

An anvil is a basic tool that is made of a block of steel with a very hard surface upon which other objects are struck. The anvil block is made as massive as is practically possible. The reason for this is, the higher the anvil’s rebound capability, the more efficient the energy of the striking tool will be when it is transferred to the piece that is being worked on. The anvil face: Primarily, the working surface of the blacksmith’s anvil is known as the face. It is generally tempered and hardened to be able to resist the blows of the blacksmith’s hammer. This keeps it from getting deformed when used repeatedly and also minimizes the amount of force necessary that needs to be used for each blow of the hammer. The face of the anvil should never receive a direct blow from the hammer as it may damage the brittle steel. The face of the anvil is made from hardened steel and it should be flat, smooth and should have rounded edges for it to be suitable for most of the work. Any marks that are made on the face of the anvil will be transferred to the work.

The anvil horn (also referred to as the “beak”): The horn is a projection at one end of the anvil that is conical in shape, and made from unhardened iron or steel. It is mainly used to form items that require round shapes. The horn is generally used in operations where bending is required, or as an aid in making the stock thinner and longer (drawing down the stock). Some horns are made with clips or side horns for fabricating different types of specialized work; others are made with two horns, one of them being square and the other being round.The pritchel: The pritchel hole is basically a round, small hole found on most anvils that are used today, with some anvils having more than one pritchel hole. It is mostly used for punching and a second tool called a swage can be fitted into the hole to enable the blacksmith to have more flexibility when there is need for the use of more anvil tools. The anvil ledge: The ledge is the soft area that is found between the ‘face’ and the ‘horn’ of the anvil. The ledge is mainly used for cutting operations.

The use of the ledge is preferable to using the face, for any work involving cutting, since this prevents damage to the face of the anvil. The hardie hole: A hardie hole is basically a square hole located in the back of the anvil where the cutting and specialized forming tools are placed (also known as the hardie tools). It can also be used in bending and cutting operations. Share: Quality selection of unique hand forged items Made in the USA blacksmith - definition and meaning blacksmith from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition n. One that forges and shapes iron with an anvil and hammer. n. One that makes, repairs, and fits horseshoes. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License n. A person who forges iron. n. A person who shoes horses; a farrier. n. A blackish fish of the Pacific coast (Chromis or Heliastes punctipinnis). from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English n. A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc. n.

A fish of the Pacific coast (Chromis punctipinnis, or Heliastes punctipinnis), of a blackish color. from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia To follow the trade of a blacksmith; work as a blacksmith. n. A smith who works in iron and makes iron utensils; an ironsmith; especially, in the United States, one who makes horseshoes and shoes horses. n. [A translation of a native name.] In ornithology, a name of the bare-necked bell-bird of Brazil, Chasmorhynchus nudicollis. n. In ichthyology, a pomacentroid fish, Chromis punctipinnis, having conical teeth in two or more rows in each jaw, a blackish color with violet luster above relieved by greenish edgings of some of the scales, and bluish-black fins with small brown spots. It is not uncommon along the southern coast of California. from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. n.

a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil Etymologies from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition From the color of iron. from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License black (“color of iron”) +‎ smith (“related to smite”) Examples This piece of wit incensed my friend to such a degree, that he called the blacksmith scoundrel, and protested he would fight him for half-a-farthing. Anvils Anvils [ Home ] [ Back to Tools & Tips page ] Where to buy them, what to buy, how to buy, quality and condition, and links to distributors and manufacturers of anvils. Latest update 07 February 2014. Updates coming. Major re-write in progress. I am actually going to replace the white and yellow picture place holder with a real picture one of these days. New anvils. New anvils can be bought from blacksmith and horseshoeing suppliers and importers. Scroll down this page to find links to distributors and manufacturers of new anvils. Purchasing used anvils. Things have changed a lot since I first published this anvil page.

Craig's List and eBay have become the best resources for locating used anvils. Many of the old sources such as farm auctions, machine shop auctions, antique engine swap meets, etc., have become next to worthless for buying used anvils. On Craig's List and eBay the buyer will find photos of the items for sale - and this allows condition of the anvils to be very quickly determined without ever having to leave one's home. However just as most anvils sold at auctions were junk, so to most used anvils are likely to be in extremely poor condition and sometimes totally unusable. Remember - buyer beware and look closely at the photos. Beware of 'blacksmithing experts'. When I bought my first anvil 35 years ago, good used anvils were more plentiful and it was still possible to get a good deal on a used anvil if a smith had enough money. But even 35 years ago it was still very common for the new smith to get ripped off by dishonest 'experts' that the newbie thought could be trusted. I remember buying my first anvil from a backwoods flea market hillbilly, and that anvil turned out to be a worthless cast iron boat anchor.

After spending more than a year trying to find a serviceable anvil at numerous farm sales and auctions, I concluded that it was faster and cheaper to just buy new and save the hassles and expensive travel and time attending distant sales events. With a simple telephone call and a letter to Centaur Forge, I had a new anvil for the same money I had already spent trying to find a used anvil. What to look for and what to avoid. Never buy cast iron anvils! Buy only steel anvils or anvils with a steel face and wrought iron body - do NOT buy cast iron anvils. Steel anvils are a solid homogenous block of steel which reflect nearly all of the force of the hammer blows back into the work being forged. Wrought iron anvils with steel faces work as well as steel anvils. Quick test for determining if an anvil is cast iron or steel. The hammer bounce test is the easiest way determine if an anvil is cast iron or steel. Bouncing a hammer off the center of the face of the steel anvils, the hammer will bounce back up almost as high as it was dropped. Bouncing a hammer off the middle of a cast iron anvil, the hammer will bounce only about half as high.

Steel anvils reflect hammer blows in a way that cast iron cannot. Why not cast iron? Cast iron contains layers or platelets of graphite throughout its mass. The graphite layers in cast iron anvils absorb concussion (hammer blows in our case) and cushion the work. This results in a softer work surface that absorbs the force of hammer blows- causing the blacksmith to work much harder to produce less product over the same time period compared with using a steel or wrought iron and steel anvil. Avoid cast iron anvils. Buy steel anvils. The hardie hole. The square hole in an anvil is called the 'hardie hole.' Hardies are specialized blacksmith tools with square shanks that fit in the square hole of the anvil. The size of the hardie refers to the square dimension of the tool shank that must fit in the square hole of the anvil. Measure your anvil's square hole before buying hardies. Standard hardie hole sizes only! Check with blacksmith suppliers to see what hardie sizes they have available before choosing an anvil. Professional smiths forge their own hardies, but the beginner will want to buy a cutting hardie when they begin blacksmithing.

Look for an anvil with a standard size hardie hole. Anvils are available with a huge variety of hardie hole sizes. But few hardie shank sizes are available. Many cheap anvils have hardie holes too small for standard hardies. In many cases the manufacturer thought the square hole was some kind of decoration, Harbor Freight anvils are a good example of anvils that won't accept standard hardies, and another example is a seller on eBay that is currently selling cheap imported cast iron anvils (he claims they are steel) and the hardie hole is an is rotated diagonal and is of an oddball size of 5/8-inch. Oddball hardie shank sizes like 5/8" are not available. Common hardie shank sizes available at American (and British) blacksmith and horseshoeing suppliers. New hardies and hardie tools sold in the U.S. are most widely available in 25mm or 1 inch, and 1-1/4 inch sizes. The 25mm size fits many of the anvils imported from Europe. 1-inch equals roughly 25.5mm.

A 1-inch hardie can be converted to a 25mm hardie hole by grinding the shank down slightly. Horseshoeing suppliers offer 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch cutting hardies for their smaller horseshoeing anvils- cutting hardies and horseshoeing related tooling only! Common hardie shank sizes available at European blacksmith suppliers. European anvils are available with a wide variety of hardie hole sizes including 25mm, 26mm, 28mm, 29mm, 31mm, 34mm. Smiths must forge all of their own tooling for the larger hardie shank sizes. Condition of the edges of anvils is important. Look for good side-edges, - reject if badly broken up. Look for arc-welding on hardened surfaces, there must be no arc-welding on the face of the anvil because arc-welding destroys hardness in those areas, - reject if arc-welding is discovered anywhere on or near the hardened surfaces of the anvil. Look for a perfectly flat face (no warped or twisted surfaces).

If the anvil has a warped or twisted surface then it is not possible to produce straight or flat surfaces on ironwork that may require straightening or flattening. Surface of anvil must be flat! The working surface or face of the anvil must be flat or the smith will have continuous trouble straightening ironwork. A warped surface causes the iron to assume a similar warped and twisted shape with every blow of the hammer. A flat work surface allows the smith to quickly finish the work flat and straight. This is an important rule! A flat anvil is a requirement. Good work cannot be done on a warped or dished anvil. Machining a worn out anvil face. If the anvil has a warped, dished, or twisted surface, this can be corrected by a machine shop that has the proper surface grinding machinery. Don't attempt this yourself with a hand grinder. A hand grinder will make the problem much worse. Machine shops use a special surface grinding machine that assures a perfectly smooth and flat finish. This is the same surface treatment used by anvil manufacturers to finish the faces of new anvils before they leave the factory. At left (click on photo to enlarge) is an example of an anvil that previously had a warped surface.

After re-surfacing at a machine shop this anvil was as flat and smooth as the day its first owner took it home. Estimated cost in 2013 dollars to properly resurface a worn out anvil might be around $300US. Apply this cost to the overall price of a worn out used anvil. The bigger, the better. Buy the heaviest anvil you can find. Try to get a feel for how large an anvil you think you may need and then buy something larger. Most smiths end up needing a larger anvil than they first thought. Why the heaviest? Because a light anvil jumps and vibrates more under the blows of the hammer than a heavier anvil. Consider my 230 pound Kohlswa for an example. This anvil is a bit light for me as I can hit pretty hard. During recent filming of a forging demonstration in my shop the anvil can be seen shaking and vibrating violently under every hammer blow, and my anvil is strapped down to a heavy steel anvil bench. A heavier anvil will deflect less than a lighter anvil and offer more counter-force to each hammer blow.

The more an anvil reflects the hammer blows back into the work, the more force that is imparted into the iron being forged. A 100-pound anvil might be good for a lightweight traveling shop used by a farrier, but even a farrier will have a heavier anvil in his home shop or shoeing shop. Smaller saddle-horse shoes don't need a lot of force to shape but draft shoes take a lot of force. Consequently draft horseshoers use heavier anvils. The same is true of ornamental ironwork. Light anvils may be easier to move to a around the shop but the lighter anvil offers less reflective counter-force and requires more effort by the smith to forge the iron. No flat top horns. Top surface of the horn MUST be rounded (no flat horns like those sold by Harbor Freight). Most antique anvils have some amount of damage on the edges. How much damage you are willing to accept is up to you. If a large amount of the edges of either side of the anvil are damaged, I strongly suggest you don't purchase that anvil.

If an anvil is antique and has a perfectly smooth face and edges, it might have been arc-welded to fill in chips or other damage. To determine if arc-welder was used on the surface of the anvil, look for iron color distortions or a differing color makeup on the surface of the anvil. New anvils are the best value today! In early 2003 (January) I began recommending that new smiths abandon their pursuit of used anvils at auctions and simply buy new. I wrote: that a blacksmith could purchase a new anvil in perfect condition from the suppliers listed on this webpage for the same or less money than a used anvil. This statement has become more economically practical today. Prices of steel and tools have risen much higher since 2003. And unfortunately the prices of new anvils have also risen by more than double since then. Good used anvils have literally vanished off the market.

What is left at all of the sales I have attended in the last 10 years, are broken down junk anvils that in some cases, look like a previous owner scrapped the junk anvils, and the current owners/sellers bought them back out of the scrap yard and are trying to sell the junked anvils to a bigger sucker. But what is really shocking is how high the prices of used anvils in poor condition have been bid up. As the numbers of anvils for sale diminished, prices increased astronomically to the moon. During the entire year of 2012, I found only one anvil for sale, and that anvil was a worn out piece of junk. The price bid for that junk anvil quickly bid up higher than a new anvil - reaching a price that could have bought a good new anvil that was 30% larger from Old World Anvils. A better deal. Prices of the Czech-made anvils are low enough that a smith can find a new anvil in his/her price range and it will be a heavier anvil than the worn-out used anvil and cost a lot less too. New anvils are now often substantially cheaper than used anvils.

New anvils are simply the best value today. Style or shape of anvils. London pattern & American pattern anvils. These are the two most common styles of anvils used in the United States. The Names 'London' pattern and 'American' pattern, are names we have been using in the United States for many years. They may be named differently in other countries. The difference between the London pattern and the American pattern anvils is the relative appearance or mass of the anvil. The London pattern anvils have a large face and horn, and a narrow waist. The American pattern anvils have a larger thicker waist. The London pattern anvils were very popular because the narrow waist reduces weight thus making the anvil easier to move or transport, and the wide face and horn provides an excellent large working surface for general work. Both the London and American anvil patterns have a single swelled horn. The swelled horns are very effective for making horseshoes because the swelled horn helps to shape the inside curve of the horseshoe with less distortion. European style two-horn anvils have two horns as the name suggests. A round (conical) horn that contrasts with the typical swelled horn of an American or London pattern anvil.

The round horn presents a nearly perfect round cone in its cross section and is much more useful for drawing iron than the swelled horn. The opposite horn is square in its cross section and presents a tapered flat face surface that is useful for working inside narrow or hard to reach places of ironwork such as finials of ornamental ironwork. The Kohlswa B31 and Peddinghaus 18P2 are good examples of two-horn anvils. Many two-horn anvils coming from Europe will have a third horn mounted on the side of the face of the anvil called a clip-horn or auxiliary-horn. This auxiliary horn is basically an extension of the face of the anvil and serves to offer an extra surface to work with that has no base beneath it to foul the work or tools when forging some awkward ornamental work or when forging toe clips on draft shoes. The Kohlswa B34 and B36 are good examples of two-horn anvils with a third auxiliary horn. The auxiliary horn is placed on the anvil opposite the blacksmith. So be sure to note the placement and position of the anvil in your shop before ordering an anvil with an auxiliary horn.

See the Kohlswa foundry website and follow the links to find the anvils they manufacture. German style two-horn anvils often have very distinctive features. The hardie hole of modern German style anvils is placed near the round horn of the anvil rather than near the tail of the anvil, and the hardie hole is positioned inside the area of the feet or base of the anvil. Placing the hardie hole inside this base area offers more support and mass beneath the hardie and the anvil is subjected to far less bouncing and shaking under the heaviest hammer blows. The German anvils place the horn right up next to the workface of the anvil, omitting the cutting block that is normally associated with the typical London or American pattern anvils. German smiths are taught to either cut only partially through the metal and finishing the cut off the edge of the anvil, or to cut over a iron plate placed temporarily on the anvil. The cutting block would have taken up valuable workspace on the anvil and moved the useful drawing area of the horn farther away from the support of the main body of the anvil.

South German Style (Sűddeutsche Form) anvils have another very distinctive characteristic in addition to their other German features- a feathered transition from the horn to the face of the anvil. Unlike other patterns of anvils, the south German style anvil offers a single continuous work surface from tip to tail. There is no abrupt cutoff between the horn and the rest of the body of the anvil. Compare the anvils at left with the German style shown above in the previous paragraph, and this difference is very clearly visible. The feathered transition of the South German Style is considered by many smiths (including myself) to be a great advantage and utility in the use of the anvil. The feathered transition is applied to both the two-horn anvils and the single horn anvils. Thumbnail photos at left show a Kohlswa B-34 two-horn anvil, and a pair of Blacksmiths anvils distributed by Branco and sold under the name 'Workhorse' or 'Austrian' style by Old World Anvils. There are other styles of anvils imported by Old World Anvils company that also fit the south-German style.

Two of the biggest are the 'Habermann' anvil and the 'Peddinghaus 200' anvil. Styrian style anvil. (Steirische Form) The Styrian anvil gets its name from the location or region in Austria where this anvil was favored. Styria is one of the states in Austria. This is the style of anvil used at Otto Schmirler's shop in Vienna Austria. Old World Anvils sells this style of anvil under the name Austrian Style Workhorse. Italian style anvil. (Italienische Form) Italian style anvils are different from other two-horn anvils. The round hole is placed inside the large round horn, and the hardie hole is near the base of the square horn. The hardie hole Hardie holes in German style anvils. Hardie holes placed near round horns on some European anvils. The hardie hole on a German style anvil is placed near the round horn so that tools placed in the hardie hole will be positioned towards the left of the hammer when the smith is working on the face of the anvil.

This is in contrast to the London pattern or American pattern both of which place the hardie near the heal of the anvil. Placing the hardie hole near the round horn instead of the tail of the anvil, moves the hardie tooling away from the hand-grip of the hammer and allows the smith to continue to work the iron on the face of the anvil without having to waste time removing the hardie between tasks. The German and Swedish and Czech anvils place the hardie hole near the round horn but the English anvils such as Vaughn/Brooks do not. Most blacksmiths set up the anvil with the horn pointing to the left while working. When a blacksmith swings the hammer, it falls in a way that the hammer head is moving to the middle or slightly to the left side of his body, while his hand grips the handle near the right. After working with a tool in the hardie hole the smith still does some work on the anvil face immediately after using the hardie. The smith moves the work to the center of the anvil to get the strongest blows while leaving the hardie in the anvil. It is too awkward and time consuming to remove the hardie during forge-work.

The smith's fingers grip the hammer near the right side of the anvil and will repeatedly foul and strike the hardie causing injury to hammer handle and to his hand, while he works at the face of the anvil with a tool in the hardie hole of an anvil with a hardie hole to the right. Hardie holes are placed far outside the base of the area formed by the feet of the anvil on both the London and American pattern anvils. This means that the London and American pattern anvils are subject to more bouncing and shaking under hammer blows when striking metal over the hardie hole. Pritchel holes in these style anvils are located far out to the extreme ends of the tails of these anvils. When using the pritchel holes on the London and American style anvils the smith must be more careful to prevent the work from falling off the anvil while pritcheling the work. It is usually easier to pritchel over the hardie hole instead of balancing the work precariously over the far corner of the tail end of the anvil. The swelled horn is made for the purpose of turning horseshoes.

The 19th and 20th century was a period in which mostly London and American pattern anvils were used in the United States. This was a period of horsepower and most smiths were as likely to shoe horses as they were to perform other shop work. The swell of the horn was designed to fit the inside shape of most horseshoes. London pattern anvils typically had very large swelled horns while the American pattern anvils had smaller horns. Anvil horn types. Auxiliary horns and upsetting blocks. Auxiliary horns The auxiliary horn resembles a shelf extending from one side of the anvil near the round horn. The auxiliary horn always faces away from the blacksmith (mounted to the far side of the anvil). Keep in mind that the manufacturer assumes that the smith places the round horn of a double-horn anvil, to the left. The auxiliary horn is useful for a variety of purposes. One example is pulling clips on draft horse shoes. The clip on a draft horse shoe requires the smith to bob-punch the toe and then draw the thin dimple of extruded metal against the side of the anvil.

The auxiliary horn allows the toe of the shoe to be held tightly against the side edge of the auxiliary horn without the tongs fouling the side of the anvil. To use a London pattern anvil for this same task requires the smith to step around the front of the horn to work at an awkward angle against the heel of the anvil. Upsetting blocks An upsetting block is often cast into a steel anvil at the feet or base of the anvil. The purpose of this block is to allow the smith to upset long bars at a lower height than that presented by the face of the anvil. This block is very useful and consequently this is why they are so commonly found on European anvils. The upsetting blocks are found on either the near side or far side of the anvils. This is a very important feature and many smiths have very strong preferences as to the placement of the upsetting block.

An upsetting block on the near side of the anvil (Kohlswa B-36, Branco Peddinghaus 200) places the upsetting block in a very practical position for upsetting without need for walking around to the opposite side of the anvil or reaching over the main body of the anvil to jump iron on the opposite far side of the anvil. The only drawback to this placement is that the upsetting block forces the blacksmith to position the anvil on its work stand or bench approximately 1 inch farther back (away from the smith). Many smith do not consider this to be a problem. An upsetting block on the far side of the anvil (Kohlswa B-34 series, Peddinghaus brand two-horn anvils, Refflinghaus 1858-series, Branco Habermann) is still practical to use by walking around to the far side of the anvil or simply turning the anvil around so the round horn faces to the right and places the upsetting block to the near side. Many smiths do much of their upsetting on the face of the anvil or choose instead, to design their work to be drawn rather than upset.

Positioning the upsetting block on the far side of the anvil allows the smith to mount the anvil approximately 1 inch closer to the nearest edge of the anvil bench. Anvil Distributors & Importers for the United States: High quality American-made and European-made anvils Anvil Brand Farrier tools and supplies. Cast steel anvils by JHM, GE, NC, Delta, Cliff Carroll, Swan, and Anvil Brand's own design. Hardies and other tools also available. Centaur Forge ltd. Drop forged and cast steel anvils, Horseshoeing and blacksmith supply company in Burlington WI, U.S. TFS anvils, Emerson anvils, NC anvils, and Cliff Carroll anvils. Fontanini Anvil & Tool High quality two-horn design featuring a swelled horn. Great design for smith shops that handle everything from shoeing heavy horses to general blacksmithing to intricate ornamental ironwork. Custom design with great an awesome look. Kayne & Son - The Blacksmith's Depot. New URL! Peddinghaus German drop-forged anvils. Kanca Turkish-made drop-forged anvils. These anvils are the last drop forged anvils made.

All Peddinghaus anvils are of the German style in which the horn cuts directly into the body of the anvil. Name brand Peddinghaus anvils. These are the real thing. These anvils supplied in a variety of weights and sizes. Two-horn anvils have upsetting block but not auxiliary horns. Kentucky Horseshoeing School Kohlswa anvil distributor for North America. Cast steel anvils. Kohlswa anvils are fully machined and clean. Note that there is nothing on the KHS website about selling anvils. A prospective buyer would need to contact the school and ask about purchasing an anvil. The school stocks a few of the more popular sizes and styles that sell the most, but any anvil found on the Kohlswa website can be ordered from the Kentucky Horseshoeing School. (NOTE- if you want a specific anvil that he does not stock, then you may have wait anywhere from 3 months to a year to get it because the anvils are shipped from Sweden). Buyers must ask for current pricing information. Prices are competitive with the Czech anvils. I use Kohlswa anvils and my next anvil will also be a Kohlswa.

Unlike some of the faces of the Czech made anvils, the faces on the Kohlswa two-horn B34 and B36 are level all the way across from the tip of the round horn to the tip of the square horn (a very practical design for ornamental ironworkers!). Nimba. Made in the USA. Italian style two-horn anvils. Old World Anvils Cast Steel Anvils. Anvils made in Czech Republic. The horns on these anvils are not machined smooth. Selling many types including the south-German style two-horn anvils including the Habermann style similar to Kohlswa B34, the Branco Peddinghaus 200 featured as "The Ultimate" that is similar to Kohlswa B36 with the addition of 15 degree offset. Single horn anvil styles including the Bavarian or Austrian style blacksmiths' anvil featured as "The Workhorse" with church windows like those seen in pictures of Otto Schmirler's shop in Vienna Austria. Branco anvils are very economical.

A quick word on anvils for new smiths, the "Workhorse" blacksmith style anvils come in a wide variety of sizes and prices that make a new anvil affordable to beginning blacksmiths with a small budget. Again buy the largest heaviest anvil you can afford when starting out. If you can afford a 200 kg or heavier anvil then consider the Habermann anvil or the 200 model "Ultimate" anvil as well as the Workhorse anvils. I recommend the 200 model 'Ultimate' because the horn is made horizontal and level with the face of the anvil. Pieh Tool Company Blacksmithing and farrier tools and supplies. Selling high quality anvils for blacksmiths and farriers. JHM anvils, Peddinghaus (Handwerkzeuge-Durlach), Peddinghaus (Rigid-Belgium), TFS anvils, Cliff Carroll anvils, and NC anvils. Anvil manufacturers International: Branco Anvils Anvils made in the Czech Republic - Branco is an exporter of anvils rather than a founder. Cast steel anvils. Horns are not machined smooth.

Old World Anvils is the only distributor in the US selling Branco anvils. Nice website, gives a whole group of anvil styles to choose from all on one page. Styles to fit just about every taste here. Kohlswa Cast Steel Anvils. A steel foundry in Sweden that makes the Kohlswa anvils used by many ornamental iron shops. Fully machined and clean. These are the anvils I buy for my own shop. These anvils continue to be made in the traditional shapes that professional blacksmiths demand- unlike many of the anvils made for anvil suppliers in the U.S. Thanks to one of my readers I have learned that Kentucky Horseshoeing School is a dealer for these anvils in the U.S. (see links for North American anvil distributors above) with delivery time roughly 3-4 months and sometimes up to a year as told to me by one of my readers that has recently bought a new Kohlswa from the school. Nimba. Made in the USA. Italian style two-horn anvils. Peddinghaus Anvils manufactured by Ridgid Tool Company in Gevelsberg Germany. Drop-forged steel anvils.

Fully machined and clean. Refflinghaus Ernst Refflinghaus. Cast steel Anvils, blacksmith tools, and forges made in Ennepetal Germany. . This is a different Refflinghaus than the anvils sold by Centaur years ago. Previously Centaur Forge sold anvils by August Refflinghaus. The model numbering scheme of the anvils is similar and I think these companies are related by family or possibly a new owner continuing manufacture after a previous owner retired. A little more on the history of forging anvils can also be seen on the Ernst Refflinghaus website here: Strassen Industriemuseum . Original equipment and tooling of the Refflinghaus Anvil Smithy set up as an outdoor street museum display in Ennepetal, Germany. This website is a school project completed in 1998. Their new home page: . This link was updated 17 February 2005. Vaughns Cast Steel Anvils. A horseshoe, blacksmith forge & tooling, and machinery manufacture in the U.K. Horns not machined smooth. Centaur Forge is a dealer in the US.

Page updated on 07 February, 2014. This page under construction. This page created on October 1, 2002. Blacksmith Urdu Meaning with Definition and Sentence(s) See Also Farrier , Horseshoer - a person who shoes horses. Metalworker , Smith - someone who works metal (especially by hammering it when it is hot and malleable). Useful Words Anvil - a heavy block of iron or steel on which hot metals are shaped by hammering. Hammer - a hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive force by striking. Atomic Number 26 , Fe , Iron - a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood. Metalworker , Smith - someone who works metal (especially by hammering it when it is hot and malleable). Who - interrogatively; "Who the hell he is ?". With - with; "With whom is he?". Next of Blacksmith An attack intended to ruin someone's reputation. Previous of Blacksmith Of something that is somewhat black.

Download Now Download Wordinn Dictionary for PC How this page explains Blacksmith ? It helps you understand the word Blacksmith with comprehensive detail, no other web page in our knowledge can explain Blacksmith better than this page. The page not only provides Urdu meaning of Blacksmith but also gives extensive definition in English language. The definition of Blacksmith is followed by practically usable example sentences which allow you to construct you own sentences based on it. You can also find multiple synonyms or similar words on the right of Blacksmith. All of this may seem less if you are unable to learn exact pronunciation of Blacksmith, so we have embedded mp3 recording of native Englishman, simply click on speaker icon and listen how English speaking people pronounce Blacksmith. You may also want to see apps assist you to get Blacksmith from Android or iOS devices, be sure we are considering to develop some great apps for your handheld device. We hope this page has helped you understand Blacksmith in detail, if you find any mistake on this page, please keep in mind that no human being can be perfect. You are viewing Blacksmith Urdu definition in English to Urdu dictionary. What does blacksmith mean?

definition, meaning and audio pronunciation (Free English Language Dictionary) Nouns denoting people Hypernyms ("blacksmith" is a kind of...): metalworker ; smith (someone who works metal (especially by hammering it when it is hot and malleable)) Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "blacksmith"): farrier ; horseshoer (a person who shoes horses) Learn English with... Proverbs of the week "Different strokes for different folks." (English proverb) "The coward shoots with shut eyes." (Native American proverb, tribe unknown) "Don't count the teeth of a gift horse." (Armenian proverb) "Gentle doctors cause smelly wounds." (Dutch proverb) Page delivered in 0.0377 seconds AudioEnglish Definitions... Just One Click Away! Now you can lookup any word in our dictionary, right from the search box in your browser! Click here to add the AudioEnglish.org dictionary to your list of search providers.

blacksmith synonyms # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z NEW RANDOM Synonyms for blacksmithˈblækˌsmɪθ This thesaurus page is about all possible synonyms, equivalent, same meaning and similar words for the term blacksmith Princeton's WordNet a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil Wiktionary(1.00 / 1 vote)Rate these synonyms: blacksmith(noun) A person who forges iron. Synonyms: A person who shoes horses; a farrier). Synonyms: 1000+ images about Anvil on Pinterest | Peter wright, Railway museum and The john Forward A Blacksmith's anvil is by far their most useful tool, arguably even more useful than Forge itself.Unfortunately, as anyone who has done any blacksmithing work knows, good anvils are just horrendously, obscenely expensive. And so, to kick off my series of blacksmithing projects, I'm going to show you how to make an anvil that would be the envy of Thor himself. See More

Question: What is the name of a person who forges and shapes iron with an anvil and hammer?
Answer: Blacksmith