OBITUARIES ; Sir Alastair Pilkington | The Independent OBITUARIES ; Sir Alastair Pilkington Friday 5 May 1995 23:02 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Sir Alastair Pilkington was chairman of his family firm Pilkington, the Merseyside glass manufacturers, from 1973 to 1980. Pilkington Brothers was founded at St Helens by Richard and William Pilkington in 1826; during Sir Alastair's career with the company, which he joined in 1947, he made an outstanding contribution to its growth and prosperity. He was a remarkable man, whose life encompassed several careers; a scientist with management skills, a man of strong convictions passionately held and cogently argued. He will be remembered primarily for his invention of the float process. Four years after joining Pilkington in 1947, he conceived the idea that molten glass could be formed into a continuous ribbon by pouring it into a bath of tin and ''floating'' it while it cooled.

In this way, neither surface would be marked by the rollers of the plate glass process or the glass distorted by the vertical pull of the sheet glass process. Like the jet engine - a simple concept - but difficult to perfect. That it was perfected was due in large part to Alastair Pilkington's determination. He worked long hours with his team of scientists and glassmakers over seven years before understanding and then applying the pioneering physics, chemistry and engineering required to achieve success. He demanded and received the full support of the Pilkington board for the capital and development expenditure, which, if the company had not been privately owned, would not have been forthcoming. Float is so good that since 1959 it has supplanted all other techniques for forming flat glass. Alastair Pilkington played a leading part in licensing his invention throughout the world. The process has been licensed to 42 manufacturers in 30 countries with more than 170 plants in operation, under construction or planned. As chairman, he was able to use the resulting royalties to develop and expand the company.

It may be that two other periods of his life were responsible for building in Alastair Pilkington a determination and intensity of purpose: Cambridge University and the Second World War. As a young undergraduate at Trinity he was a fine and extremely competent athlete, representing the university at squash, fives and tennis. He was the fives amateur champions of England and seldom lost a competitive game of squash. He was called up in 1939, while at university, and served with the Royal Artillery. He was captured in Crete and spent three years as a prisoner of war. He spoke little of his experiences, but it is not hard to imagine that those three years contributed much to his great strength of character. Sir Alastair retired as chairman of Pilkington at the age of 60, several years earlier than was customary in those days, saying that, although he had greatly enjoyed his time at Pilkington, he looked forward to enjoying a second career while he was still active. This he achieved. Apart from skiing, paragliding and sailing, he took on the chairmanship of Chloride and served as a director of the Bank of England and a non-executive director of BP, British Rail and the Wellcome Foundation.

He contributed to his first love, the advancement of science and education, through his membership of the Science Advisory Committee for Science and Technology and the Science Research Council. He was president of the British Association between 1983 and 1984 and vice-president of its Foundation of Science and Technology in 1986. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1969, knighted in 1970, and received doctorates and fellowships from 13 academic institutions, as well as numerous scientific awards. Alastair Pilkington also played an important part in community life. He was closely involved in the creation of the first enterprise agency in the UK - the Community of St Helens Trust - from which grew Business in the Community, of which he was the founder chairman. In 1990 he took on the task of raising money for his university by becoming chairman of the Cambridge Foundation. He was for 10 years Pro-Chancellor of Lancaster University and last year was elected Chancellor of Liverpool University. Alastair Pilkington will be remembered personally for his unfailing kindness, his concern for others, his enquiring mind and the stimulation of his company.

He achieved his objective of a second career, but it was his character to achieve what he set out to do. Antony Pilkington Lionel Alexander Bethune Pilkington, glass manufacturer: born 7 January 1920; director, Pilkington Brothers (later Pilkington plc) 1955-85, deputy chairman 1971-73, chairman 1973-80, president 1985-95; FRS 1969; Kt 1970; director, Bank of England 1974-84; director, BP 1976-95; Pro-Chancellor, Lancaster University 1980-90; chairman, Council for Business in the Community 1982-85; Chancellor, Liverpool University 1994-95; married 1945 Patricia Nicholls (ne Elliott, died 1977; one son, one daughter), 1978 Kathleen Haynes; died 5 May 1995.

More about: Pilkington Glass | global leaders in construction management Pilkington Glass Submitted by admin on Thu, 03/22/2012 - 11:07 To conclude our tour of construction materials facilities, we visited the Pilkington Glass Factory in Ottawa, Illinois. Our hosts today were Mike Johnson, a Sales Manager with the company, as well as Andy Durban, one of Pilkington’s Quality Ambassadors. The company’s roots trace back to the Libbey Owens Ford (LOF) Glass Company formed in Toledo, Ohio roughly 100 years ago. Twenty years ago, after being purchased, the factory became Pilkington Libbey Owens Ford, and eventually just Pilkington. Five years ago Pilkington Glass joined the Japan-based NSG Group, now one of the two largest glass companies in the world. All Pilkington products, however, continue to carry the Pilkington name, including their American operations. Our visit to the factory began with a presentation from Mr. Johnson, first detailing some of the company’s history and then discussing some of Pilkington’s products.

Pilkington specializes in both automotive and architectural glass, tracing back to the glass company created for production of glass for aircrafts during World War II. With regards to architectural glass, Pilkington and the NSG Group, as a whole, offer a wide variety of products utilizing hard coatings. Mr. Johnson described and provided samples of a few of Pilkington’s products, including both clear and tinted glass. Another product discussed was the optiwhite low iron glass, which provides the clearest view possible of all of their products. He also showed us some of the uses of their anti-reflective glass, as well as the Pilkington Activ self-cleaning glass. The next point discussed by Mr. Johnson was the position of glass in today’s construction industry. The glass products that are used by general contractors are the result of two independent paths. First, there are the designs and requirements set forth by the owner/developer as well as the architect. Also, there is the actual product’s path, from the manufacturer, to the fabricator, to the glazing contractor, and then finally to the general contractor. Keeping this process in mind is particularly important for this factory, as they now exclusively manufacture architectural glass.

The greatest challenge with architectural glass is finding the proper balance between appearance and performance. This requires all involved properties to consider whether the glass is clear, tinted, reflective, or matched to current materials, as well as HVAC performance, comfort level, and glare. One of the largest changes Mr. Johnson and Mr. Durban have noticed within the last few years is a shift from aesthetics as the most important factor to things such as HVAC performance. The key to the manufacturing operations of Pilkington is the float glass process, originally developed by Sir Alistair Pilkington in 1952. This original LOF plant began manufacturing plate glass by melting sand, drawing it from the furnace, and rolling it flat. This glass would then need grinding and polishing. The factory has now switched over to the float glass process. This is a continuous process which allows for year round production resulting in products being directly stored in inventory until requested by vendors. The various NSG Plants will have specific market segments but will also coordinate with each another in order to satisfy market demands when necessary. The float glass process utilizes a float line, usually around ¼ miles long, to manufacture silica sand, soda ash, lime, and dolomite into glass.

First, the raw materials are inspected for purity before being melted through a careful procedure. After being heated in 20 minute cycles, the glass is spread over a molten tin bath, which naturally remains flat. The glass can be made thicker or thinner by movement speed of the cycles while the tin bath prevents oxidation. At this stage, tints can be added. After cooling, the glass is cut and passed along to automatic handling for packaging. The float glass process has allowed the construction industry to achieve a level of clarity, comfort, and beauty not before seen with glass. As technology has changed, however, so has Pilkington’s place in the market, as the company now offers touch screens for electronics as well as glass for solar panels. The factory would see a crew of about 4000 employees back in the 1950’s, but now averages a crew size of roughly 160 due to robotics. This has allowed for additional quality and safety. All of the employees of the factory are members of the union, and the company utilizes a MAD swing shift.

Under this scheme, a worker will have 7 midnight shifts followed by 2 days off, 7 afternoon shifts followed by 1 day off, then 7 morning shifts, followed by 4 days off. After learning more about Pilkington as a company, we were given a tour of the factory. Not only were we able to see the float glass process in action, but we were able to see some of the other components of the factory that make this process work. First, we saw the shipping and inventory center which utilize the former grinding and polishing areas of the factory for storage. Next, we saw where raw materials are brought into the factory and stored at the beginning of the process. Also at this location was the cooling tower, which uses 600 gallons/minute to regulate the float glass process. The feeding process features two feeds to regulate the flow of materials, as well as a wide variety of controls to manage the process. We then traveled along the channel that the molten glass flows down, eventually reaching the molten tin bath. Cameras along the path allow workers to monitor the glass along its journey. Following refining, the glass is slowly cooled down from 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and washed with a liquid solvent.

This washing process removes the Sodium Dioxide originally applied to the glass to prevent the stainless steel rollers from harming the glass on its way from the tin bath. Finally, the glass is scored and broken to the required dimensions. From there, we saw where Quality Control takes place, as well as the robots that bring the glass back for packaging. The tour did a great job of illustrating all we had learned about the float glass process and was an excellent way to end another great GLCM trip. Period Window Glass 1938. Pilkingtons developed the twin ground POLISHED PLATE system. 1959 FLOAT GLASS was launched on the UK market, invented by Sir Alistair Pilkington. blown, it was made into lead lights. CROWN GLASS: Molten glass is gathered on a blowpipe, and a balloon shape is blown. The blowpipe is removed, a solid ï¿½puntyï¿½ rod is attached and the glass is spun rapidly until a disc is formed. The outer portion beyond the central knob is then cut into panes. By the 18th century quality was often very good with an almost unmarked fire-finished surface.

Crown was the preferred choice for window glass, together with some im- ported cylinder glass until the mid-l9th cntury. BLOWN PLATE: Produced from Broad Sheet, each sheet of glass was laboriously hand ground and polished on both sur- faces. The plate was of a sufficient quality and size for mirrors or coach glasses. POLISHED PLATE: Produced by casting glass onto a table and then subsequently grinding and polishing the glass, origi- nally by hand, later by machine. An ex- pensive process requiring a large capital investment. CYLINDER BLOWN SHEET: A similar process to Broad Sheet, except that larger cylinders are produced by swinging the cylinder in a trench. The glass is allowed to cool before cutting the cylinder, which is then re-heated and flattened. Larger panes and a much improved surface qua!- ity result. Manufactured in the UK in the mid-l9th century, it had been made in France and Germany (and imported to the UK) since the 18th century. The above methods lasted at least until the end of the 19th century. The early 20th century marks the move away from hand blown to machine manufactured glass.

The first mechanical method of drawing glass; 40 ft high cylinders of glass were drawn vertically from a circular tank. The glass was annealed and then cut into 7-10 ft cylinders, which were then cut length- ways, reheated and flattened. This proc- ess was used in the UK up to the end of the 1920s. FLAT DRAWN SHEET: The glass was drawn vertically in a flat sheet until it cooled sufficiently to allow the glass to be cut. The Belgians invented the original process but it did not reach the UK until 1919. Horticultural Sheet is produced by a later variation of this process. The glass was noted for having a wave in one direction only. SINGLE AND TWIN GROUND POLISHED PLATE: Here the glass is cast and then subsequently ground and polished on a conveyor belt, to a fine quality without distortion. FLOAT GLASS: A layer of molten glass is ï¿½floatedï¿½ on to a bath of molten tin and produces a fine quality of glass, but with a mirror like reflection, without any wave or distortion. It is the standard modern method of producing window glass to- day.

Where old glass exists in good condition, it should, if at all possible, be retained. When this is not possible, care should be taken to select the correct glass. Old glass can be fragile and care needs to be taken when removing it from a frame. The 19th century method of removing valuable old glass from its Georgian sash, was to dump frame and glass in a heap of farmyardmanurefor6-8weeks. The glass BROAD GLASS: Fig. 2 shows part of the process of Broad Sheet manufacture. ï¿½dï¿½ shows the muff about to be sheared open, ï¿½hï¿½ shows the sheet after flattening MANUFACTURING PROCESS BROAD SHEET: Molten glass is gathered on a blowpipe, and blown to an elon- gated balloon shape. The ends are cut off and the resulting cylinder is split with shears while still hot, then flattened on an iron plate. This is the forerunner of the cylinder process. The quality of the glass was not good, with many imperfections. Because of the relatively small sizes PLATE GLASS: Fig. 3 This shows the French process of Cast Plate manufacture.

The box of molten glass on the jib has been turned over and the molten glass is poured onto the casting table and the large iron roller will be passed over the glass to make a uniform thickness prior to polishing and grinding Manufacturing Process of Glass | eHow Manufacturing Process of Glass Save Cameron Whitman/iStock/Getty Images You see glass everywhere in modern life, from windows in buildings and cars to dishes on your table. Glass acts as the screen in many computer monitors and televisions. Artists even form glass into pieces of art. Yet the first type of glass, natural glass, occurred randomly as a byproduct of lightning strikes, volcanic eruptions and fallen meteorites. Man-made glass requires a unique set of components: sand, limestone and soda ash. They must be heated to a molten state and then cooled quickly, before the material crystallizes. The modern process of manufacturing glass follows these basic principles with a healthy dose of mechanical assistance. While glass production employs several methods, the flat-glass float method represents approximately 85 percent of glass production worldwide, according to the Pilkington Company. This glass manufacturer reports that Sir Alistair Pilkington developed the modern float process in 1952.

shansekala/iStock/Getty Images Standard float glass ingredients include sand, soda ash, dolomite, alumina, limestone and a small percentage of other materials, according to Tangram Technology. These components are measured, mixed and then fed into a furnace. The furnace, typically gas-powered, heats the components to approximately 1000 degrees Celsius, converting them into molten glass. A conveyer then feeds the molten glass onto a float bath—the real key to the flat glass process. Richard Schmidt-Zuper/iStock/Getty Images In the float bath, molten glass floats on a bath of melted tin. Rather than sinking, the glass spreads out and sits on top of the tin, just as oil sits on top of water. This gives the glass a uniform density and generates perfectly flat surfaces. The conveyer next pulls the glass along toward the annealing lehr. This conveyer process also assists in generating uniform density and the desired thickness. joshuaraineyphotography/iStock/Getty Images The glass cools to approximately 600 degrees Celsius by the time it actually enters the annealing lehr, a kiln with precisely controlled temperatures. Inside the lehr, the glass undergoes a controlled cooling process.

By the time it leaves the annealing lehr, the glass has solidified. Manufacturers usually inspect glass as it leaves the lehr and before it's cut. Substandard or flawed glass will be removed from the conveyer. It's frequently broken up and reused as raw material. Sheets of glass that meet quality-control standards will be cut and shipped. Ikonoklast_Fotografie/iStock/Getty Images Fuelled By Architecture : How Plate Glass and Float Glass Influenced Changes to the Building Style of the Last 150 Years? Monday, 26 August 2013 How Plate Glass and Float Glass Influenced Changes to the Building Style of the Last 150 Years? Image provided by Through out centuries, the domination of glass in construction around the world has become more apparent.Over the last 150 years Britain alone has created a visual documentation of the advancing innovations of glass technology,seeing the construction methods change and new support structures accommodate the ever growing use of glass.

Le corbusier stated "It created a relationship between light and gravitational objects" , such statements confirm the importance of glass and reflect the historical value,which has been inspirational to modern day construction ideas and influential to the future; he is also aware that structural design habits had to change in order to embrace the new technology. The excitement basking in the 19th/18th century resulted in a vast amount of companies creating glass for an array of uses such as automotive.retail display and architectural purposes. The common dilemma within the glass industry was manufacturing to specification e.g. Size,thickness,various designs required quicker production times, and achieving pristine clarity in the glass. Plate Glass The main glass production type was plate glass due to its ability to suit building styles of that era; this was later followed by float glasses which opened up neoteric impressions of architecture. Plate glass was profoundly developed in Germany in the 11th century ,further advances by France created the first development in glass technology,using the material for windows and classic glazed doors.By this time glass production was no longer a craft but a potential industry. In the 18th Century the "British Plate Glass Company" ( Raven Head, Lancashire) was established.

This became one of the first companies in Britain to manufacture sheet/plate glass through a process of manual labour and low tech machinery. The machinery in the 1830's known as the cylinder process created glass sheets of uniform thickness ranging from 6mm to 25mm depending on the requirements of the user. The image above shows the plate glass - casting table,with cuvette,heavy roller and side rails. The manufacturing process of plate glass begins with ingredients from around the British Isles, sands from the Isle of Wight and Kings Lynn were added to decomposed soda of salt, pot ashes and lime; these were regarded as the glass stabilisers. Once the ingredients were established, they were melted together for 1-2days , once this stage was complete, the molten material was transferred to a refectory container were the material was left to be refined for several hours, removing any imperfections such as debris and bubbles. When all defects were nil, the container of molten was lifted from the furnace to a casting table in front of the annealing area; this was now ready to be discharged on to the table in order to become planate by a large metal roller.

The determination for the thickness of the glass was adjudicated by two metal stripes at either side of the casting table, each plate was approximately 12.55M/sq to 10.8M/sq before it was cut. The casting tables on wheels allowed the material once cut to be wheeled out to annealing chambers were the glass was left to cool for a further two weeks. Plate glass once cooled is a rough material, the glass required to be grounded and sanded to achieve the flat even surface and this was done by hand. Grinding and sanding was followed by smoothing; the glass was smoothed using aluminium oxide and iron bearing minerals originating from the Greek Island 'Naxo's'. Emery, an abrasive waste substance of sulphuric acid could also be used. On average once produced, glass plates were 12mm thick; however after sanding and abrasion the end product was 6mm thick. The most extravagant use of plate glass was demonstrated in 1851 by the 'Crystal Palace', Hyde Park, London (Joseph Paxton).

The palace is described as a product of the industrial revolution; the Crystal Palace was constructed with modular cast-iron enabling it to be dismantled for re-location in the future. The purpose built enlarged greenhouse had plate glass curtain walled facades, one of the first structures to contradict the need for load bearing walls in a structure as the facade resists its own dead weight and has no weight to bear from the building because its materials are light. Crystal Palace, (then Sydenham Hill, London,1851) This design was initially a small scale project; instead it was enlarged and set new limits to architectural design. The discovery of the limits of glass was followed by the ability to solve factors of the light in a building and increase social well being as seen in the millions of visitors to Crystal Palace. Plate Glass Plate glass eventually became a thing of the past due to its long processing time and its inability to produce high quality glass. As a result in 1955 Sir Alistair Pilkington and Kenneth Bickerstaff established what has become " Pilkington's" glass company of today.

Float Glass general process The manufacturing process of Pilkington's glass is similar to that of when oil is poured on to water, the oil spreads out at the top of the water body; in terms of molten glass, the gravity and surface tension cause the materials parallel surfaces to become completely flat. The equilibrium between gravity and surface tension creates uniform thickness. An example of the early use of float glass is the " Crystal Palace Station" built after the move of the Crystal Palace its self, following the same design idea as the plate glass built palace, however with a modern change of glass possibly due to the weather resistant qualities of float glasses. As a purpose built station for frequent usage it embraces the natural flood light. Crystal Palace Station Over the last 150 years glass technology has significantly changed from a craft to an industry that is relied upon by Architects around the world. Modern day glass innovations are on-going and further variations in glass are making our buildings phenomenal. Pilkingtons have created a whole range of glass for the consumers needs,depending on what the consumer wants to achieve from in the building. These are some of the products influencing building of today and the future.

Insulight glass is designed to optimise thermal insulation therefore if a construction project wwas located in a cooler climate or a section of a building was situated in a shaded area with limitations to the amount of sunlight/thermal properties, it would either reduce the buildings heat loss via the windows or allow thermal radiation to pass into the building. A product like this coincides with the current target to create a green and economical building;thermal insulation could reduce heating costs say for an office building. Optilight increases visible light,achieved by reducing the iron content of the glass. Optilight could more than likely be used in an industrial building were maximum natural light is a bonus, in contrast Arctic Blue tinted windows prevent glare and controls solar energy. These types of glass are produced as glass facades, they also have different types of fixings depending on how the structure of the building is designed. Lippo Center,Admiralty, Hong Kong,China The example image above of the Lippo Center by Paul Rudolph of Wong-Ouyang ltd ( an Australian), the Lippo Centre is said to resemble Koala bears climbing as tree. The building is part retail and part office spaces, the innovation was constructed with float glass and steel.

With the choices of thickness (0.4mm-25mm) and the technology widely available within the glass industry, the influence that glass has on building designs of the future is immeasurable; the competence of glass will help see in economical large scale building designs and achieve new concepts. Although the glass making has become the industry,the Architects/Designers have become the crafts men retaining Bruno Taut's quote... Blog Items Blog Items Read More Tags: Read More Tags: Using decorative glass to maximise light and aesthetics Decorative glass has been used through the ages to provide windows and doors with beauty, style and elegance – and the timeless craft has been revived over the last two decades as modern home owners have discovered its ability to add character and charm to a property. Read More Tags: A preference for products that are good for the planet Now more than ever, people are realising the importance of sustainability in the home. We’re beginning to understand that our buying decisions have a big impact on our planet - according to the global Regeneration Consumer Study, 65% of us feel “a sense of responsibility to purchase products that are good for the environment”.

The benefits of natural light in the workplace Exposure to natural light has been directly linked to greater workplace performance, with the absence of windows positively correlated with workplace stress. A study into the psychological aspects of lighting by B.L. Collins found that 35% of employees instantly identified the absence of natural light as the major concern associated with their office environment, resulting in feelings of isolation, tension and claustrophobia. Read More Tags: Read More Tags: My Pilkington: Business Support at your fingertips You may have already heard that we are now offering a new service called My Pilkington –an online service aimed at business professionals and architects. But if you’re not totally sure how it will benefit you, we’re here to help you find out. 190 skyscrapers have been built in Dubai since 2000 A property expert has claimed that the popularity of tall buildings is climbing – almost as much the buildings themselves! This is especially true for Dubai because near to 190 skyscrapers have shot up in the past 15 years. London, on the other hand, has only had 23 built in the same amount of time.

Keep your home warm with Pilkington energiKare™ Your windows can have a big impact on the amount of energy you use, the comfort of your home and the cost of heating it – and if you’re thinking of replacing them or simply in need of new windows, look no further than the Pilkington energiKare™ range. Take a glimpse into construction in 2045 2045 may seem like an eternity away — however, equipment hire specialist Hewden has taken a peak into the future of construction, with some fascinating results. The report predicts not only how the industry will look in 2045, but also points towards some unexpected uses of technology, like how Artificial Intelligence may be incorporated into building infrastructure. National Home Security Month SAFE AS HOUSES Creating a safe and secure home should be at the heart of any residential project and as we creep into winter, with the days becoming darker and the nights longer, it’s more important that people know how to best protect their property. October is officially National Home Security Month and with a 20 per cent increase in burglaries throughout the darker months of the year, now is an opportune time to raise awareness of home security.

A Glazing Record – The Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge Providing countless applications across a wide selection of industries and disciplines, architects are constantly developing new ways to explore and challenge the versatility of glass. So, it’s no wonder that world records are constantly being broken – the latest being the world’s tallest and longest glass pedestrian bridge, which is set to be claimed by the Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge, China. Solar control glazing – the key to reducing CO2 emissions? In a recent issue of Glass and Glazing Products, our project specification manager, Tim Fagg, explores how solar control glazing can help to tackle CO2 emissions… With demand for commercial and domestic buildings to be both comfortable and productive places to live and work, it’s no surprise that heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) are considered a must in most public buildings. Yet they are one of the biggest contributors to energy bills and property maintenance costs, not to mention carbon footprint. Replacement IGU’s Your windows experience the extremes of all environmental conditions – whether it’s rain, wind, hail or snow, they provide a barrier protecting you from the elements.

However, broken seals and improperly fitted windows can leave you exposed to frequent temperature changes, as well as higher energy fuel bills due to the loss of heat. If your PVCu, timber or aluminum window frames are in good condition, there’s no need to actually replace the whole window frame. You can simply upgrade the glass to Pilkington energiKare™ double-glazing. Pilkington Anti-Condensation Glass Higher performance thermal insulation glass is becoming more and more popular as demanding environmental and legislative needs increase. For applications where highly efficient thermal insulation glazing is required, the occurrence of external condensation can be a problem. External condensation is a natural phenomenon which occurs when the external surface temperature of the glass drops below the dew-point - occurring usually during the autumn and winter months. Pilkington Decorative Glass Available in a wide variety of contemporary and traditional designs, our range of stunning, high-end decorative glass is perfectly suited for use throughout the home. Offering privacy with a stylish look, each design offers five different levels of opacity, from 1 (least obscuration) to 5 (greatest obscuration). Pilkington Specification Tools Here at Pilkington United Kingdom Limited.

We not only offer an extensive range of glass products but, we also have a selection of online tools and resources that can help support homeowners, specifiers, as well as architects on their next project or build. Help to reduce your heating bills with Pilkington energiKare™ Your windows can have a big impact on the amount of energy you use, the comfort of your home and the cost of heating it – and if you’re thinking of replacing them, look no further than the Pilkington energiKare™ system. Clear Thinking Our commercial sector manager, Phil Savage, discusses the advent of structural glazing… Whether it’s a full glass façade or a more modest floor-to-ceiling window, structural glazing systems offer architects and installers the design flexibility to blend the desirable aesthetics of glass with the functionality of other traditional building materials. As well as being a popular choice among architects, structural glazing can also offer building occupiers numerous benefits too. Modern systems, like Pilkington Planar™ , combine a range of properties, like solar control, self-cleaning and low-emissivity, all while allowing vast amounts of light into the room. This creates a comfortable and spacious environment, without contributing to heightened energy bills or carbon footprint.

The Biggest Plate Glass Window Ever – 1950 Here at Pilkington UK Limited, we’ve been delivering unique and effective glass products for use in commercial and residential applications for 188 years. Technically responsive, our team has the knowledge and ability to successfully respond to challenges when raised. And in 1950 that is exactly what we did, when we created the world’s largest plate glass window. Cheshire Fire & Rescue Service Visit Lathom’s Fire Testing Facilities With 24 fire stations located across the area, Cheshire Fire & Rescue Service was established to help create safer communities and protect community interests. In addition to responding to all emergency calls from the public, they also deal with many other domestic situations such as flooding, storm damage, and people unable to gain access to premises. Recently, we welcomed them into our Lathom fire testing facility to talk about the NSG fire-resistant glazing range. In the July issue of Glass Times, our senior research scientist, Monica Hughes, explained the importance of investing in the latest glazing technologies.

Here’s what she had to say… The Beauty of Glazing - Inside and Out Product manager for Pilkington United Kingdom Limited, Kristian Chalmers discusses the beauty of decorative glazing in a recent issue of Glass and Glazing Products magazine. Find out what she had to say and pick-up a couple of hints and tips on how best to specify. Replacement Insulating Glass Units (IGUs) Replacing your windows doesn’t have to be a costly exercise. If your property’s PVCu, timber or aluminium frames are in good condition, there’s no need to replace them – simply upgrade the insulating glass unit. This can provide improved benefits such as the reduction of unwanted noise, increased safety or security as well as improved energy efficiency. Sustainable Glazing with Pilkington Glass Glass is a recyclable material, which plays an important role in the thermal insulation of buildings. With energy costs rising, and over 25% of heat from homes escaping through the windows, more emphasis is being placed on ways to save energy in all types of domestic, commercial and public buildings.

Our very own Tony Smith, business development manager at Pilkington United Kingdom Limited, appeared in the June issue of Glass and Glazing Products magazine discussing his views on the ongoing industry debate about triple glazing. Tony shares some of his thoughts… Kristian Chalmers, product manager and commercial manager (coatings) shares her thoughts on some of the most impressive innovations in modern glazing in the June issue of Windows Active magazine. Let’s see what she had to say… Challenges in glass demand. Pilkington Automotive The main challenges for the automotive glass industry have traditionally been to provide safety, security, durability, excellent visibility as well as style and comfort for drivers and their passengers. But now the weight of glass has also been called into question Pilkington Spacia Acknowledged As Market Leader for Energy Conservation Pilkington Spacia™ has been recognised by Japan’s Green Watchdog ECCJ as a superior energy- efficient product, awarding it with the Energy Conservation Prize. The ECCJ (Energy Conservation Center, Japan) promotes energy conservation both in the domestic and commercial sectors. The Center looks to encourage international cooperation and increased activity to ensure the reduction of energy usage worldwide. An Architect Who Revolutionised Glass in Architecture Norman Foster epitomises contemporary architecture.

His aesthetically ground-breaking concepts have transformed structures and cities – revolutionising architecture for today’s modern world. Foster’s innovative vision has seen him construct visual landmarks around the world. Moving forward with the times, he has expertly executed the implementation of glass as the focal feature of structures. The Quietest House in the World Luxury tree house designer, Blue Forest, showcases its latest project as the centre-piece for The Ideal Home Show in London. Labelled as the quietest house in the world – The Quiet Tree House is a tranquil tree-home complete with next generation sound engineering featuring Pilkington Optiphon™. Architects in Focus: 2014 To pay tribute to new and breathtaking architectural design concepts, we have collated our top three architects that are leading the way in building innovation in 2014 - highlighting buildings and projects from the renowned Zaha Hadid, Renzo Piano and Daniel Libeskind. Buildings that changed the face of 2013 Architectural concepts are increasingly becoming more extravagant and complex in design.

Identifying some that have helped change the skylines of 2013, we’ve highlighted some of our favourites including the gravity defying Shenzhen Stock Exchange, the Torre de Especialidadesis, a hospital in Mexico that eats pollution and finally, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Pilkington Planar™ supports a new era at Durham University Business School Durham University’s new £16million Business School utilises Pilkington Planar™ to create an inspiring atmosphere for students to learn. The world-renowned Business School is one of an elite group of UK schools with Triple Accreditation. However, its existing facilities needed to be expanded and modernised to underpin the success of the courses offered. GSSArchitecture, were commissioned to create a fit-for-purpose facility to enable the School to achieve its strategic objectives. Ask a glass expert – Phil Brown Q&A Our glass expert and technical advisory service manager, Phil Brown, has recently taken part in a readers Q&A for Grand Designs magazine. Covering everything from current glass trends through to the differences in types of glazing, Phil provides homeowners with easy to follow information and technical advice. Why not check out the Q&A shown below.

Make your New Year’s resolution with Pilkington With the New Year approaching, Pilkington offers a New Year’s resolution that is worth making. Following on from its success in 2013, Pilkington is pleased to announce that its ‘Product Knowledge’ training programme will be making a return for 2014. Pilkington Planar™ provides The Catalyst Museum with ‘high-performance’ glass Thanks to a £40,000 grant from the Foyle Foundation and a £38,000 Biffa Award, The Catalyst Museum in Widnes was able to replace all the glass in its fourth floor observatory with Pilkington Planar™. The Catalyst Museum is an interactive science centre devoted to chemistry and how the products of chemistry are used in everyday life. It currently offers family and group visits as well as educational tours. Pilkington Optilam™ helps Waverley Station in £130m Refurbishment As part of Network Rails five year plan to overhaul Britain’s railway stations, an investment of £130m was outlined to improve Scotland’s Waverley Station.

As part of the work, the station concourse was resurfaced, station furniture was cleaned, removed and replaced and the exterior station building was renovated and refreshed – as well as improved access to Market Street and from Princess Street. The Regeneration Projects of London With London’s ever changing skyline, new developments are constantly being planned and developed. Recently, some of the most prestigious projects include plans to construct a replica of London’s Crystal Palace, a £100m fashion hub in Hackney and the redevelopment of London’s Oxford Street East End. The best of both worlds with Pilkington Activ SunShade™ Pilkington Activ SunShade™ is the latest high performance glazing solution to be added to the ever popular self-cleaning glass range. A dual coated combination glass product, it incorporates the self-cleaning benefits associated with Pilkington Activ™ and the superior solar-control benefits of Pilkington SunShade™ – delivering a self-cleaning, solar control glass product. Pilkington Optitherm™ S1 Plus The latest glass product in the Pilkington Optitherm™ range, Pilkington Optitherm™ S1 Plus, is a superior performing low-e glass that is unique in the UK market.

Pilkington Optitherm™ S1 Plus is extremely versatile and can be combined with a variety of other Pilkington products in both new and replacement applications. Ideal for use in commercial and domestic environments, it provides benefits that attribute to reduced energy bills, increased interior comfort and improved environmental impact through reduced CO2 emissions. Pilkington Pyroclear® Opens Doors for Architects We’re proud to announce that Pilkington Pyroclear ® has been given the seal of approval by Certifire , for use with steel and timber frames. This means that the glass is accordance with the technical schedule TS25 – for Fire Resisting Glass, Glazing Systems and Glazing Materials. Having this certification assures performance, quality, reliability and traceability of fire protection products and is recognised by regulatory authorities worldwide as a respected mark of fire safety – one of the most authoritative in the industry. Replacement Conservatory Roofs A conservatory is more than just an extension to a home; it’s a valuable asset to a property. But all too often, tired and ill-insulated conservatories leave homeowners with a redundant room that can only be utilised during certain times in the year – hot in the summer and cold in the winter. Will retrofit incentives boost energy efficiency in the UK?

As part of its drive for a more sustainable built environment, the UK Green Building Council (UK-GBC) is keen to boost energy efficiency by increasing the demand for retrofit measures. With this in mind, they’ve released a report that identifies a set of promising options that look to encourage a wider uptake of energy efficiency measures. St. Helens – The Home of Glass Innovation Part of The NSG Group, Pilkington United Kingdom Limited is one of the leading glass suppliers in the UK. The NSG Group as a whole has a vision of making a difference to the world through the manufacture of innovative glass technology with glass and glazing products for the building trade, the automotive industry and the specialty glass sector. Blog Post 04 July 2013 A Perfect Marriage of Old and New - The Box Moor Trust Centre Atrium Using Pilkington Planar™ The Box Moor Trust is a charitable organisation dedicated to the maintenance and upkeep of open spaces in the stunning Hertfordshire countryside. So when the time came to update and restore their historic Education Centre, they wanted a design that would marry old and new elements to create something new, something visually striking and brilliantly functional.

Fire-resistant Glass from Pilkington UK Ltd The wide range of modern functional glazing now available has opened up remarkable scope for creative design in today's architecture. Transparent designs facilitated through the replacement of solid roofs and introduction of entire glass façades and partition walling is no longer just a vision. We’re at the Fit Show This week we’ve been lucky enough to be an exhibitor at the first ever FIT Show, a chance for us to bring our trade customers up to speed with new and improved glass products, as well as all the latest in manufacture technologies and online functionalities from one of the UK’s most trusted glass brands. Constructions of the Future 2013 is already starting to become a fascinating year for architecture. Construction plans are seeing some of the most influential architects complete various projects across the globe using the newest innovation in building materials. Buildings and skyscrapers are now being built as solutions to modern economic problems; urbanisation, overcrowding and pollution. Here are some of our favourites. A Top Grade Transformation Pilkington Planar™ has helped create a contemporary state of the art youth centre in Middlesbrough – transforming a derelict Grade II Listed building, as a part of a wider £4.2m revamp.

Originally built in 1836, Custom House is now a Myplace youth facility, providing a performance space and dance hall, café, chill-out space and crèche for the local community. Realising the Potential on October Cottage Built approximately 12 years ago, October Cottage is a four bedroom detached property located in the quiet village of Quarrington, Lincolnshire. This property is a uniquely designed home with plenty of charm and potential, boasting a large entrance porch and hallway, a welcoming lounge with original features as well as a private garden that isn’t overlooked. Glazing Benefits to Sustainable Buildings Glass for Europe, the trade association for the European Manufacturers of Building, Automotive and Solar-Energy Glass, has recently released information on a new study gathered by David Strong Consulting that discusses the benefits of glazing in sustainable buildings – highlighting key socio-economic of glazed areas that contribute to sustainability in the built environment. All Aboard with Pilkington With thousands of visitors descending on London in 2012, some of the city’s more aged infrastructure desperately needed upgrading. Blackfriars and Stratford Regional were among the railway stations chosen for major redevelopment.

Pilkington Planar™, the innovative structural glazing system, was a key element of the new design of both stations. Start wrapping up warm with Thermal Solutions from Pilkington Britain’s recent wintery weather may start causing some homeowners to feel the effects of the cold, experiencing draughts or cold spots because of old or poorly fitted glazing units. Often ill insulated, draughty properties – both old and new properties – can lose heat through all kinds of nooks and crannies – meaning vital energy escapes and energy bills soar. Free Your Vision with our Structural Glazing Introducing Pilkington Planar™ Crystal Connect™. A joint venture with Dow Corning that puts innovation at the forefront of design. Pilkington Planar™ and Dow Corning are uniquely placed to join forces to create a product that provides specifiers and architects with a new option in point fixed structural glazing. UK Coater Update - £36M Offline Coater Now Complete The new £36 million coater, situated at the Cowley Hill site, St Helens, is one of the most advanced facilities of its type in the world, and is due to start manufacture in November.

The coater will enable ultra-thin special coatings to be applied to glazing solutions, allowing for an extensive range of high performance energy-saving glazing products to be produced. Continue to read for more information. Gassiot House – a Healthy Use of Pilkington Planar™ Pilkington Planar™ structural glazing was chosen for its strength and structural integrity, for the refurbishment of Gassiot House at St Thomas’ Hospital, which opened in June 2012. Around 150 sq metres of the innovative glazing system was used to create a brighter and more user-friendly reception area for out-patients visiting the hospital in Southwark, London. External Condensation We often get asked about external condensation as there is a common misconception that it is caused through a fault in glazing units. Condensation, a natural occurrence, can occur on the external surface of double glazed units, especially as winter approaches. To help explain, we investigate the causes below. Keep Your Home Warm and Your Bills Low this Winter With a cold winter just around the corner, there couldn’t be a better time to invest in Pilkington energiKare™ energy-efficient glazing.

However, many homeowners are often baffled by the vast range of glazing solutions available – often confused on what, and how Window Energy Ratings (WERs) work. Here Tony Smith, Business Development Manager at Pilkington UK Limited, shares his expertise to ensure that our glazing purchases pay off. Reducing the risk of urban flooding with Pilkington Activ™ The recent erratic weather conditions in the UK have left local authorities looking for new solutions to help towns in areas of high risk to cope with heavy rainfall and the possibility of flooding. IBS Engineered Products , a specialist in the design, supply and installation of flow control and flood protection equipment, is now working within these communities to establish preventative measures to help combat the devastation that these natural disasters cause. Gwyn Hall showcases Pilkington Planar™ structural glazing within stunning new renovation Gwyn Hall has been restored to its former glory as part of a £7m renovation project that introduces modern design elements to the building’s original Victorian architecture. The new cafe and entrance foyer is now beautifully housed within the structurally innovative Pilkington Planar™.

Zara Hadid becomes a Dame Thanks to her Impressive Glass Based Architecture Recognised for her services to architecture inhabitat.com suggests Zaha Hadid is ‘the most renowned and celebrated contemporary female architect in the world.’ From Olympic buildings to Opera houses her modern designs feature some of the most interesting uses of glass in architecture today. London an Innovative Metropolis London’s skyline has been booming since the 1960’s after the height restrictions on buildings was lifted, allowing the country’s capital to become a playground of the world’s most creative architects. Here we take a look at some of the impressive structures changing the city. From a family company in 1826 to a world leader in glass The NSG Group is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of glass and glazing products for the construction industry, the automotive industry and the specialty glass sector, with manufacturing operations in around 30 countries on four continents and sales in around 130 countries. Is Glass the Key to Eco Friendly Dream Homes? Architectural designs of ‘dream homes’ are becoming increasingly ambitious and innovative with large glazed surfaces now regularly used to create impressive architectural impact.

Traditionally people have associated large glass areas with energy inefficiency and chilly interiors, but as technology develops, people are recognising that glass is not only aesthetically pleasing but can provide homeowners or architects with a number of energy saving benefits. Creative Uses of Glass in Architecture To celebrate the use of glass in modern architecture, we would like to share some of our favourite inspirational buildings. From the outrageous to the beautifully simple, it is the inclusion of glass in these structures that helps to create such an impact. Make Do and Mend: How glass is breathing life back into old homes The ‘Make do and mend’ trend has gained popularity recently, seeing homeowners and architects exploring new ways to modernise homes – transforming their investment and adapting a home rather then putting up a “for sale” sign. Shaped glass exterior extensions and complete interior renovations are just a couple of ways you can ‘make do and mend.’ Burning Questions, Brilliant Solutions. Specifying the right type of fire-resistant glass Choosing the right fire resistant glass for your application is vital as it’s important to know that the product specified and installed will perform as intended should a fire occur. Our knowledge and unique software, Specifire, will advise you on the right type of glass to suit your specific project.

New Builds with Olympic Standards As London steadies itself ahead of this summer’s Olympic and Paralympics Games, construction of the much-anticipated sporting village is now well under way. The new builds are set to bring some stunning new additions to the capital’s already iconic skyline, promising to excite its visitors by delivering technologically advanced sporting venues that not only perform well, but also showcase the very best in 21st century architecture. Driving a change with Pilkington glass products Pilkington is part of the NSG Group, one of the largest manufacturers of glass and glazing products for the building, automotive and speciality glass markets. At present the NSG Group employs over 29,000 people worldwide, manufactures in over 29 countries and sells in over 130. All change at Snow Hill Snow Hill, the second largest train station in Birmingham, used by a large majority of the city’s commuters, and described as a principal part of the city’s transport infrastructure; has recently undergone a drastic refurbishment with the help of Pilkington Glass. Future Architecture for Combating Environmental Changes Creative architects and designers have been dreaming up futuristic architecture for decades.

And although our idea of the future and our definition of futuristic architecture changes with every generation, there are a few similarities; every design seems to help us adapt our surrounding habitats to suit the ever changing environment and climate. The self build trend Last year only one in ten new homes in Britain was self-built. Plots are difficult to find, and finance and mortgage products are becoming more difficult to secure, while regulations and planning permissions are onerous. Faced with bureaucratic hurdles and frustrations, many potential self-builders abandon projects, sometimes after months of planning. Greener, warmer homes this winter Winter’s nearly here and we’re all bracing ourselves for a dramatic change in weather, a drop in temperature and shorter days and longer nights. Last year during the ‘big freeze’ many households ramped up the heating – an effective short-term solution that came back to bite when the energy bills landed on the doorstep. Green Deal Update A recent study from Pilkington energiKare™ found that four out of five people (83 per cent) are unaware of the government’s new Green Deal and its advantages, yet over 72 per cent of homeowners are keen to find out more, and learn how to reduce their energy use.

The Art of Glass – designing textured glass I’ve always been passionate about using natural light in architecture, how we capture, borrow and filter it. It is an essential ingredient in creating psychologically better and environmentally more efficient spaces, and glass is the obvious material for carrying it. The next generation of Pilkington K Glass™ This week we announced a new product in the Pilkington K Glass™ range of low-emissivity glass that will help window manufacturers achieve a broader range of window U values and Window Energy Ratings (WER) i.e from A to C. Pilkington K Glass™ S extends our range of energy-efficient glazing solutions by introducing soft coat technology to a trusted brand. Read More Tags: The legacy of Modernist Architecture in the UK Modernist architecture mainly concerns structures that were designed and built in the years immediately after the Second World War up until the early 80s. These buildings were renowned for having a distinct appearance in comparison to surrounding structures that were built before them and for employing concrete, glass and steel as key construction materials.

Read More Tags: Pilkington Spacia™ glass claims World Architecture News award We are pleased to announce that ‘Pilkington Spacia™’ has been named ‘Product of the Year’ by World Architecture News (WAN), the world’s leading supplier of news to the global architecture community. Brendon Moss, a design and construction associate at Tishman Speyer, who is on the WAN judging panel, considers Spacia™ to be "space – aged technology’’ and that the vacuum glass system it features can be referred to as the ‘holy grail’ of intelligent glazing. Read More Tags: Glass Harpa Concert Hall brings optimism back to Iceland Reykjavik’s Harpa Concert Hall and Conference centre was recently opened, showcasing the design talents of artist Olafur Eliasson who developed the glass facade of the building in collaboration with Henning Larsen Architects. Eliasson is best known for his 2003 Weather Project installation that featured in the Turbine Hall of the Tate Modern as part of the gallery’s Unilever series . His latest work is somewhat different as he has turned his talent to the Harpa Concert Hall that looks out towards the North Atlantic Ocean.

Transformation of Kings Cross Station The UK is home to many iconic glass structures; with the ongoing construction of Renzo Piano’s ‘The Shard’ building due for completion in 2012 and its neighbour The Gherkin dominating the London skyline. However, the dull and gloomy 19th century architecture of Kings Cross Station, with its dark ceiling and harsh lighting is not one that London’s daily commuters would happily put on the list. Clear sea views Ten years ago a holiday abroad was a permanent fixture in the summer calendar for most Brits, with millions flocking to the med and beyond in search of sun, sea and sand. The emergence of cheap foreign holiday packages and a rise in the average wage during the 1960s created an appetite for foreign holidays among traditionally less wealthy Brits who abandoned established home holiday destinations such as Blackpool, Rhyl and Skegness in their droves. Paying tribute to the past Salford is a city located in the heart of Greater Manchester and is an area that has experienced a period of intense regeneration over the past twenty years.

The majority of the urban renewal occurred at the old Salford dock site that has been transformed from an abandoned industrial wasteland into the epicentre of northern England’s media industry. However, a slightly different kind of restoration has been taking place since 2009 just a stone throw away from the modernism of the Quays that helps connect the area to its pre-industrial past. Live Twitter chat with George Clarke 29th July On Friday 29th July TV presenter and architect George Clarke will be joining us for a live Twitter chat to discuss the MOT Your Home™ initiative. George is going to be with us for an hour from 1pm and will be keen to answer questions you may have about improving the energy rating of your home, energy-efficient glass and how to make the most of your property. Green buildings in the developing world When discussing construction in the modern world, it is difficult to look beyond urbanisation in the developing countries like Brazil, China and India to see where some of the most innovative energy- efficient buildings are being designed.

These countries are experiencing a period of accelerated growth that is arguably, especially in the case of China, on a larger scale than the post war reconstruction that occurred in Europe, Japan and the US in the years immediately after the Second World War. London tourist center paves the Way for energy efficient future London is a global city that has brought people together from all over the world for centuries. It’s a bustling place that welcomes millions of tourists every year who come to absorb the architectural delights, old and new, that line the city’s tight winding streets. In the past we have referenced many buildings looking at how they have made a mark on the city and wondered how they will impact its future. The buildings we usually focus on tend to be those of a grand scale like The Shard or The Walkie Talkie. However, this week, we are shifting our attentions to a new compact building that is leading the way in achieving a sustainable future for the city on a smaller scale.

PPT – glass in interior architecture PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 260089-Yzc3N PPT – glass in interior architecture PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 260089-Yzc3N The Adobe Flash plugin is needed to view this content glass in interior architecture Description: glass in interior architecture. naturally colored glass is composed of 72% silica, ... It cannot be recut after tempering. tempered glass: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views:6807 Title: glass in interior architecture 1 naturally colored glass is composed of 72 silica, 15 soda, 10 lime, and 3 other impurities. silica is basically sand. 3 Glass is not naturally colorless. Beach sand invariably contains black particles of iron oxides scattered through it. When fired in a usual, oxygen-rich environment (i.e., with the furnace in an oxidizing state), these impurities give the glass a natural aquablue until the 1750s glass was only made in small sizes due to the difficulty of manufacturing larger pieces. this spun glass disc would be cut into usable panes of relatively clear glass.

5 the history of glass making in england Window Glass was not produced in significant quantities in this country until - 1226 BROAD SHEET was first made in Sussex, but of poor quality, and fairly opaque. Manufacture slowly decreased and ceased by the early 16th Century. 1330 French glassmakers produced CROWN GLASS for the first time at Rouen. Some French Crown and Broad Sheet was imported into the UK. 1620 BLOWN PLATE was produced in London by grinding and polishing Broad Sheet, and was used for mirrors and Coach Plates. 1678 CROWN GLASS was first produced in London. Because of its finer quality, this process predominated until the mid nineteenth century. 1688 The French produced POLISHED PLATE in larger sizes by casting and hand polishing. 1773 English POLISHED PLATE by the French process was produced at Ravenshead. By 1800 a steam engine was used to carry out the grinding and polishing of the cast glass.

6 Laminated Glass is manufactured by permanently bonding two or more lites of glass with layers of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer, under heat and pressure, to create a single construction. Laminated glass is used where safety is a priority, such as in automobile windshields, and overhead skylights. About PowerShow.com PowerShow.com is a leading presentation/slideshow sharing website. Whether your application is business, how-to, education, medicine, school, church, sales, marketing, online training or just for fun, PowerShow.com is a great resource. And, best of all, most of its cool features are free and easy to use. You can use PowerShow.com to find and download example online PowerPoint ppt presentations on just about any topic you can imagine so you can learn how to improve your own slides and presentations for free. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Or use it to upload your own PowerPoint slides so you can share them with your teachers, class, students, bosses, employees, customers, potential investors or the world.

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Question: For the manufacture of what did Sir Alistair Pilkington develop the 'float process'?
Answer: GLASS