Eureka Stockade | australia.gov.au Australia.gov.au Helping you find government information and services Search form Mateship, diggers and wartime Eureka Stockade The Eureka Flag based on the constellation of the Southern Cross. Image courtesy of the Art Gallery of Ballarat. The Eureka rebellion, which is often referred to as the 'Eureka Stockade', is a key event in the development of Australian democracy and Australian identity, with some people arguing that Australian democracy was born at Eureka' (Clive Evatt). In addition, the principles of mateship, seen to be adapted by the gold diggers, and the term digger' was later adopted by the Anzac soldiers in World War I. The rebellion came about because the goldfield workers (known as 'diggers') opposed the government miners' licences. The licences were a simple way for the government to tax the diggers. Licence fees had to be paid regardless of whether a digger's claim resulted in any gold. Less successful diggers found it difficult to pay their licence fees. Population of the goldfields The population of the Victorian goldfields peaked in 1858 at 150,000.

More than half of these were British immigrants, and 40,000 were Chinese. There were also Americans, French, Italian, German, Polish and Hungarian exiles as well as many other nationalities. (The Oxford Companion to Australian History) Between 1851 and 1860, an estimated 300,000 people came to Australian colonies from England and Wales, with another 100,000 from Scotland and 84,000 from Ireland. Gold seekers from Germany, Italy and North America also made the journey to Australia in search of gold. Just over 5,000 people from New Zealand and other South Pacific nations, and at least 42,000 people from China, also arrived in Australia during the 1850s gold rushes. During this period, the colony of Victoria received 60% of all immigrants to Australia. eGold: A Nation's Heritage: Immigration and Ethnicity . 1854 – the year of the rebellion In 1854 there were about 25,000 diggers of many nationalities on the Ballarat goldfields.

Aboriginal people were also present in many capacities: as Native Police, guides, wives and gold diggers, as well as trading cultural items and food. Women on the gold fields were assisted by Caroline Chisholm. Law and order on the goldfields was enforced by the Gold Commission's police force which was later reinforced by a garrison of soldiers. The Social Order Notice. Image courtesy of the Art Gallery of Ballarat. Governor Hotham came to power in June 1854 and set up licence checks twice a week to enforce the licensing laws. Tensions began to boil over as opposition to the licences increased. Official corruption was another concern for the diggers. This issue came to a head after a group of men beat to death a drunken Scottish digger. The group included local publican James Bentley. Bentley was a friend of the local magistrate and he escaped prosecution, as did three other men from the group. This led to the diggers meeting on 17 October to try to bring the men to justice. After the meeting a crowd of diggers burnt Bentley's hotel to the ground. Soon after three diggers were arrested and charged with arson for their part in setting fire to the hotel.

On 11 November, 10,000 diggers met to demand the release of the three diggers, the abolition of the licence and the vote for all males. The outcome of this meeting was the forming of the Ballarat Reform League under the chairmanship of Chartist John Basson Humffray . Several other Reform League leaders, including Thomas Kennedy and Henry Holyoake, had been involved with the Chartist movement in England. Many of the miners had past involvement in the Chartist movement and the social upheavals in England, Ireland and Europe during the 1840s. This was followed by an even larger meeting on 29 November where the diggers decided to publicly burn their mining licences. At this meeting the famous Southern Cross flag, which was to become known as the Eureka Flag, was displayed. In response to the meeting, the Gold Commissioner ordered a licence hunt for the following day. The Eureka Stockade Government troops and police stormed and ransacked the Stockade on the morning of December 3rd 1854. Image courtesy of the Art Gallery of Ballarat. On 30 November another mass burning of licences took place at a meeting on Bakery Hill.

Under the leadership of Peter Lalor, the diggers then marched to the Eureka diggings (named after the 'Eureka lead', a deep lead of gold being mined by the diggers) where they constructed the famous stockade. The stockade itself was a makeshift wooden barricade enclosing about an acre of the goldfields. Inside the stockade some 500 diggers took an oath on the Southern Cross flag, and over the following two days gathered firearms and forged pikes to defend the stockade. Early in the morning of Sunday 3 December the authorities launched an attack on the stockade. Some weeks earlier the government had ordered the 12th and 40th Regiments to the goldfields to support the police troopers. The diggers were outnumbered and the battle was over in twenty minutes. Twenty-two diggers and five troops were killed. The Southern Cross flag was pulled from the flagpole and souvenired by the victors. Peter Lalor escaped the scene even though his arm had been badly injured (later requiring amputation). On 6 December martial law was declared, and the following day a Commission into the goldfields was appointed.

Thirteen diggers were committed for trial, but all were acquitted when they came to trial in February 1855. Peter Lalor avoided capture. The only person imprisoned as a result of the Eureka Stockade was the Editor of the Ballarat Times, Henry Seekamp, who was found guilty of seditious libel. In March 1855 the Gold Fields Commission handed down its report, and the government adopted all of its recommendations. The Commission resulted in all the demands of the diggers being met. A bill was passed in 1854 to extend the franchise (the vote) to diggers possessing a miner's right costing one pound, whereas previously a six months residency and an eight pound yearly mining licence were required before a digger could register to vote. The hated Gold Commission was replaced by a system of mining wardens. In 1855 Peter Lalor later became the first MLC (Member of the Legislative Council) for the seat of Ballarat. The Ballarat miners were given eight representatives on the Legislative Council. The Eureka legacy The Eureka rebellion is considered by some historians to be the birthplace of Australian democracy. It is the only Australian example of armed rebellion leading to reform of unfair laws.

The Southern Cross flag has been used as a symbol of protest by organisations and individuals at both ends of the political spectrum. Useful links The Eureka Rebellion The Eureka Rebellion In the early 1850s, the Victorian gold miners suffered under a number of injustices. They were without political rights; they were not entitled to vote in elections, and were not represented in the Legislative Council (the Victorian parliament). In addition, land for settlement was not readily available to them: the dispersal of Crown Land was effectively controlled by the landed gentry, squatters, and merchants (1). However, the miners' main grievance was the exorbitant cost of the gold mining license. Many miners found it almost impossible to pay the licensing fee as their finds were often scarcely sufficient to provide for the basic necessities of life (2). The administration of the license system created further anger and made the Ballarat gold-fields' police the object of much hatred. "License hunts" involved a large number of police swooping down on a particular area of the gold-fields and arresting any miner who could not immediately display a license.

Miners who had left their license in their tent, a common practice due to the often wet and filthy conditions in the mines, could be arrested. Those found without licenses were liable to fines, or even imprisonment for subsequent convictions. The policeman making the arrest received half the fine; a situation which invited abuse. In addition, many of the gold-fields' police were ex-convicts from Tasmania, who were often inclined to brutality and violence in their treatment of the miners (3). These injustices created an atmosphere of anger and discontent that was exacerbated by the Bentley incident. In early October 1854 a Ballarat publican, James Bentley, was charged with the murder of a miner, James Scobie. Bentley was subsequently acquitted of the charge, due chiefly to the insistence of the Police Magistrate, Magistrate Dewes, who was known to owe money to the publican. Popular opinion was that Bentley was guilty. A subsequent meeting of around 5000 miners bitterly attacked the acquittal decision and the frustrated diggers then sought revenge by burning Bentley's hotel to the ground. After this incident, three men were imprisoned as the "ringleaders" of the riot (4).

On November 11th, a massive public meeting marked the official founding of the Ballarat Reform League. Many miners attended because of the Bentley incident, however, the meeting soon became political in nature and resolved to approve the aims of the League, as follows: "Political changes contemplated by the Reform League~ 1) A full and fair representation. [i.e. in parliament] (2) Manhood suffrage. (3) No property qualification of Members for the Legislative Council. (4) Payment of Members. (5) Short duration of parliament. Immediate Objects of the Reform League~ An immediate change in the management of the Gold Fields, by disbanding the Commisioners. The total abolition of the Diggers' and Storekeepers' licence tax, and a thorough and organised agitation of the Gold Fields and the Towns. That to carry out the foregoing objects there should be a large tent erected in which to meet and conduct the business of the Reform League. Cards of membership will be issued in a few days and Ballarat divided into districts."(5) Another objective, that the League aimed for, was to "unlock the lands" (6).

The demands for democracy from the diggers were essentially of Chartist origin (the Chartists were the democratic people's movement in England, who were advocating democratic demands - as listed in their "Charter"); indeed, there were many diggers at Eureka, such as Humffray, who were considered to be Chartists. A deputation was sent to Lieutenant-Governor Charles Hotham to demand political reform, land reform, abolition of the miners' license, and the release of the three "ringleaders" of the hotel burning incident. These demands were refused. The deputation reported to a mass meeting of 10,000 diggers on Wednesday November 29th. At this meeting, the Eureka Flag was raised for the first time and the diggers pledged to burn their licenses and to protect one another against the police (7). The following day, Goldfields Commissioner Rede ordered a license inspection. As a consequence, fighting broke out between miners and the police. The military were then summoned to quell the miners and several diggers were arrested for failing to produce a license. Later that day another meeting was called, and - standing beneath the Eureka Flag - Peter Lalor organized the diggers into companies (8).

The next day (Friday, 31 November) the diggers met at Bakery Hill, eventually numbering about 1500 men, following which they marched to Eureka, where Lalor was elected leader of the miners. On Saturday, the miners enclosed an area where they could muster and drill: the so-called "Eureka Stockade". In fact, this enclosure was not meant to be a military stockade or fortress. In the words of Lalor: "it was nothing more than an enclosure to keep our own men together, and was never erected with an eye to military defence". Lalor had already outlined a plan of self-defence whereby, "if the government forces came to attack us, we should meet them on the Gravel Pits, and if compelled, we should retreat by the heights to the old Canadian Gully, and there make our final stand". To this end, the miners posted scouts and sentries throughout the diggings to provide early warning of an impending attack (9). Word was also sent to the diggers on the goldfields at Bendigo, Castlemaine, and Creswick, and digger reinforcements were expected from those areas.

Indeed, on the 1st of December 300 to 400 volunteers from Creswick arrived at Eureka (10). It was on Sunday, the 3rd of December 1854, that the Battle of Eureka took place. On the previous day there had been about 1500 men in the enclosure. However, by Sunday the 3rd, many had temporarily left on the Saturday evening for various reasons, such as to search for food and ammunition. Teddy Shannahan, who had a store within the Stockade, said that the Stockade was very short on food, drink, and accomodation; and that on Saturday night (2nd December) "large numbers of the men were constantly going out of the Stockade, and as the majority got drunk, they never came back... The 500 or 600 from Creswick had nothing to eat, and they, too, went down to the Main Road that night". One writer suggested that "Others may have left because they were exhausted, or over-complacent, or because they wanted to go to Mass on Sunday. Carboni hinted darkly at treachery, but named no names".

Lalor estimated that 120 diggers remained in the enclosure; other estimates ranged between 100 and under 200 (11). The number of diggers in the Stockade had been further depleted when about 200 armed diggers had, on the 2nd of December, gone to intercept the military reinforcements the were believed to be on their way from Melbourne (12). Therefore, having been told by their spies that there were very few diggers now left inside the Stockade, Gold Commissioner Rede and Captain Thomas, the military commander, decided to mount a surprise attack. At about 3 o'clock on Sunday morning, the combined military and police forces silently approached the diggers' encampment, and got to within 300 yards of the enclosure before the alarm was raised. The soldiers then stormed the Eureka Stockade and despite fierce resistance by the miners - many of whom were asleep when the attack commenced - the rebellion was crushed within about 15 minutes (13). The troopers and police then went wild, destroying tents and property without reason, bayoneting the wounded, and shooting innocent bystanders (14).

The aftermath of the battle has led many to describe Eureka as a massacre (15). About 120 diggers were arrested (many innocent of any involvement with the rebels) and eventually thirteen of them were charged with High Treason, but despite the evidence against them, not one of the diggers was found guilty. However, the Editor of the Ballarat Times newspaper was given 3 months imprisonment for sedition. Peter Lalor and the other rebels who had escaped from the stockade emerged from hiding after a general amnesty was declared on 9th May 1855 (16). Peter Lalor, who had lost his left arm due to shots received during the battle, was elected to the Legislative Council on 3rd October 1855, in 1856 was elected to the new Legislative Assembly, and in 1880 he was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly (17). The Eureka Stockade incident, although originating from demands for fair treatment and justice for gold miners, took on political aspects of great significance, as a turning point in our progression to a democratic state. Dr. H.V.

Evatt, leader of the ALP, wrote that "The Eureka Stockade was of crucial importance in the making of Australian democracy"; Robert Menzies, later Liberal Prime Minister, said that "the Eureka revolution was an earnest attempt at democratic government"; and, Ben Chifley, former ALP Prime Minister, wrote that "Eureka was more than an incident or passing phase. It was greater in significance than the short-lived revolt against tyrannical authority would suggest. The permanancy of Eureka in its impact on our development was that it was the first real affirmation of our determination to be masters of our own political destiny" (18). The Eureka rebellion was also a protest against Imperial interference, an expression of support for Australian independence, and it included a strong undercurrent of republicanism (19). As historians later noted: "Meetings in Melbourne and on the other diggings condemned the attack on the diggers. Licence hunting almost ceased and no jury could be found willing to convict the thirteen arrested miners of treason." "It was clear that public opinion favoured the diggers and Hotham sought refuge in the Gold Fields Royal Commission which was now urged to speed up its inquiries.

The Commission's report led to the reforms of the goldfield's laws and gave the diggers almost all they had asked for. The digger's licence was abolished and replaced by a miner's right costing one pound a year. Possession of this gave the digger the right to mine gold and to vote in elections to parliament..." "The long term results of the Eureka battle were less obvious and have led to much controversy. Eureka did not affect the details of the new constitution for the colony of Victoria which was approved by the British parliament in July 1855, but it did affect its implementation.

The 1854 bill to extend the Elective Franchise required that diggers had to have a 12 month miner's licence to be able to vote, which cost �8 (which was a large sum in those days, and most bought a licence for no more than 3 months), and they had to have been resident in the same place for 6 months before their voting registration could be considered (which was nigh impossible for those of the mining population who were so often "on the move" from goldfield to goldfield); this was, in effect, as the miners' representative George Black stated to Governor Hotham, the "virtual disenfranchisement of the diggers". Instead, the reforms that sprang from the Goldfields Commission gave the possessors of a 12 month Miner's Right (costing �1) the right to vote; and, instead of having to wait for a new constitution, 8 new elected positions for the Legislative Council were created (rather than just 1 as Hotham had spoken of). The Eureka Rebellion not only changed the gold licencing system, it also assured the introduction of widespread manhood suffrage. It was the spark which stirred public interest in government policies.

It was now impossible for a government to ignore popular opinion."(20) Mark Twain wrote of Eureka that: "The Ballarat miners protested, petitioned and complained - it was of no use; the Government held its ground, and went on collecting the tax. And not by pleasant methods... By and by there was a result; and I think it may be called the finest thing in Australian history. It was a revolution - small in size, but great politically; it was a strike for liberty, a struggle for a principle, a stand against injustice and oppression... It is another instance of a victory won by a lost battle. It adds an honourable page to history; the people know it and are proud of it. They keep green the memory of the men who fell at the Eureka Stockade" (21). We could also listen to the words of the last Stockader, John L. Potter, who died 26 October 1931: "Though the diggers were defeated in battle, their cause was won. The gold licence was modified, Parliamentary representation was granted, and Ballarat entered upon a new era of progress" (22).

It is worthwhile noting that it was the Eureka Rebellion which indirectly led to the implementation of the first stages of the colonial White Australia Policy. Various troubles were occurring on the goldfields in the early 1850s, such as those at Reid's Creek (1853), Bendigo (1853), and Ballarat (1854), and the underlying problems needed to be solved; but it was the Eureka Rebellion which set things in motion.(23) The Colonial Secretary of Victoria told the Legislative Council on 31 October 1854 that it had been decided "to institute a commission to enquire into the general management of the goldfields", but the matter was continually postponed, and hardly any preparations were made for it. Indeed, Hotham later admitted that the members of the Commission were unwilling to absent themselves from the Legislative Council where "matters of moment" were being discussed. It can well be imagined that such a Commission could take months to swing into action, that it not carry out its mission in full, and when its work was completed that its report would be largely ignored.

But after the Eureka Rebellion occurred on the 3rd of December 1854, the Letters Patent appointing the members of the Goldfiels Commission was signed and sealed on the 7th of December. And when the Goldfields Commission handed in its Report, the deaths and carnage that had occurred at Eureka ensured that its recommendations were closely listened to; and, indeed, all of its major recommendations were carried out.(24) Following recommendations made by the diggers of the various goldfields, the Goldfields Commission's report advocated the restriction of further Chinese immigration. The report stated that: "A most serious social question with reference to the gold-fields, and one that has lately crept on with rapid but almost unobserved steps, is with reference to the great number of the Chinese. This number, although already almost incredible, yet appears to be still fast increasing... The question of the influx of such large numbers of a pagan and inferior race is a very serious one... The statement of one of this people, that "all" were coming, comprises an unpleasant possibility of the future, that a comparative handful of colonists may be buried in a countless throng of Chinamen...

some step is here necessary, if not to prohibit, at least to check and diminish this influx".(25) Today's rebels are not fighting a system of gold licensing; they are struggling against something far more insidious and dangerous: the Asianisation of Australia. The Establishment is again using police-state tactics; but instead of "license hunts" it now organizes "racist hunts". This attempted suppression of free speech is evident in the quasi-fascist racial vilification legislation, which is purely and simply an attempt to circumvent the activities of Australian Nationalists. The Australian Nationalists' struggle today is one that promises to be as difficult, if not even more so, as the struggle of the diggers in the 1850s. We face an Establishment that comprises a Traitor Class hell-bent on the destruction of Australia, which they seek to achieve through mass immigration, Multiculturalism, and Asianisation. Their cosmopolitan-internationalist ideology is as wrongful as it is evil (is it not evil to seek the genocide of the Australian people?). Just as there are those who demand the continued existence of the Aboriginal People, we are entitled to demand the continued existence of the Australian people.

We have no wish to be subsumed into the teeming masses of Asia. Our fight, like that at Eureka, is on the side of justice and righteousness. Just as the diggers eventually won their struggle, so shall we. In the spirit of independence, justice, and democracy that is evoked by the memory of the Eureka Rebellion, we call upon all true blue Australians to join the fight against those who would destroy Australia. I said, my young Australian, That the fight was lost - and won - But, oh, our hearts were heavy At the setting of the sun. Yet, ere the year was over, Freedom rolled in like a flood; They gave us all we asked for - When we asked for it in blood. (From "A Ballad of Eureka", by Victor Daley, 1901) References (ADB5) The Australian Dictionary of Biography, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Vic., 1974, Vol. 5: 1851-1890, K-Q. (AE) The Australian Encyclopaedia, fourth edition, Grolier Society, Sydney, 1983, Vol. 4. (CC) C.H. Currey.

The Irish at Eureka, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1954. (CT1) Clive Turnbull. Australian Lives, F.W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 1965. (DO) Desmond O'Grady. Raffaello! Raffaello!: A Biography of Raffaello Carboni, Hale and Iremonger, Sydney, 1985. (EDP1) E. Daniel Potts and Annette Potts, "American Republicanism and the Disturbances on the Victorian Goldfields", Historical Studies, April 1968. (EDP2) E. Daniel Potts and Annette Potts, Young America and Australian Gold, University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, Qld., 1974. (GG) Geoffrey Gold (ed.) Eureka: Rebellion Beneath the Southern Cross, Rigby, Melbourne, 1977. (HA2) Hugh Anderson (ed.) Report from the Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Condition of the Goldfields, Red Rooster Press, Melbourne, 1978.

(HS) Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Vic., 1965. (IM) Ian MacFarlane. Eureka: From the Official Records, Public Record Office of Victoria, Melbourne, 1995. (IT) Ian Turner. Peter Lalor, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1974. (LB) Les Blake. Peter Lalor: The Man From Eureka, Neptune Press, Belmont, Vic., 1979. (LF) Len Fox. Eureka and its Flag, Mullaya Publications, Canterbury, Vic., 1973. (PRO) The original copy of the 11.11.1854 meeting resolutions, held by the Public Record Office in Laverton, Victoria: "27 Nov. 1854: Resolutions passed at a public meeting on Bakery Hill Ballaarat" (VPRS 4066, Unit 1, File 69). (RC) Raffaello Carboni. The Eureka Stockade, Currey O'Neil, Blackburn, Vic., 1980. (REM) R. Else-Mitchell.

"American Influences on Australian Nationhood", Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, June 1976, pp. 1-19. (RR) R.S. Ross. Eureka: Freedom's Fight of '54, Fraser and Jenkinson, Melbourne, 1914. (SM) Suzanne Mellor (ed.) Australian History: The Occupation of a Continent, Eureka Publishing, Blackburn, Vic., 1978. (TD) Three Despatches From Sir Charles Hotham, Public Record Office, Melbourne, (1981?). (WB) Weston Bate. Lucky City: The First Generation at Ballarat 1851-1901, Melbourne University Press, Carlton., Vic., 1978. (WW) William Bramwell Withers. The History of Ballarat, From the First Pastoral Settlement to the Present Time, (facsimilie of the second edition of 1887), Queensberry Hill Press, Carlton, Vic., 1980.

Note: Withers recorded many first-hand accounts of the Eureka rebellion, albeit many years afterwards (EDP1:158) (1) AE:58; GG:73; RC:75 (3) AE:58; CF:52; EDP1:147; GG:14; HS:34; RC:16-19,28 (4) WB:58-62; GG:25-29; CT1:49-52 (5) GG:26; IM:207; RC:41; TD:10; PRO (6) RC:75; TD:15 Eureka Stockade Rebellion | Australian Gold, History & Culture Info/Australian Gold Rush History - Law & Order - Historic Gold Rush Village Mogo South Coast NSW Australia Eureka Rebellion Formation & Rebellion - Eureka Stockade Vic Australia The Gold Diggers, in the Ballarat region of Victoria Australia, hated the gold mining licensing system. When Governor Hotham came to power in June 1854 he instituted twice weekly license checks to be made by the Gold Commission Police Force.

Tension amongst the diggers was very high. Additionally, official corruption lead to James Bentley a local publican, and his cohorts, being let off after beating a drunken Scottish digger to death. Diggers rallied together to bring the men to justice, and set Bentley's Hotel on fire. 3 diggers were arrested and charged with this arson, and 3 weeks later 10,000 diggers came together with several demands: release of the 3 diggers abolition of the mining license the right to vote for all males The Ballarat Reform League was formed as a final outcome of that meeting. Many of the gold miners and their leaders of the League had been involved with the Chartist movement in England. On 29th November 1854 an even larger meeting was held, with the famous Southern Cross flag on display. Miners decided to burn their gold mining licenses the following day in a mass burning on Bakery Hill. They then marched to the Eureka diggings which followed the deep "Eureka Lead" of gold being mined by the diggers. There the men constructed a makeshift wooden barricade, enclosing about an acre of the goldfields. This was the formation of the "Eureka Stockade".

About 500 diggers took an oath on the Southern Cross flag inside the stockade, to fight against the police and the military. The "Southern Cross" was flown with the "Union Jack" hoisted beneath it. The final clash at the Eureka Stockade, between the miners and police / military occurred, early in the morning on Sunday December 3rd 1854. (The Mogo Maze at the Gold Rush Colony on the South Coast of NSW was officially opened on December 3rd 2012 and has a Eureka Stockade theme.) 125 miners were taken prisoner. Of the 28 men killed in the Eureka Rebellion, 22 were diggers, and only one was Australian born. He and another digger captured at the stockade were both from NSW, the colony that had been the scene of the first armed uprising (by Irish Convicts) at Vinegar Hill in 1804. The password at the Eureka Stockade on the night of 2nd December 1854 was "Vinegar Hill".

Eureka Stockade December 3rd 1854December 3rd 2004 150 years Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Discharged on the 31.1.1860 Sydney PRO3720 DAVIS Samuel, Private 930 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England on the 26.1.1860 from Perth PRO3720 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.Discharged on the 31.1.1857 Hobart PRO3716 DENNY Thomas, Private 2222 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.Died on the 3.10.1856 Hobart PRO3716 labourer 16.3.1853 Cork DONEGAN John, Private 3220 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Died on the 13.11.1858 Perth PRO3719 DONOHOE John, Private 3223 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 17.3.1864 in Sydney Aged 27.6yrs, 5’6”, fresh complexion, light brown hair, blue eyes; born Blagh Galway; labourer; PRO3728 DOW James, Private 3009 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 1.1.1864 NZ PRO3727 labourer, enlisted 11.10.1852 Essex DOWARD John, Private 3308 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Wounded at Rangariri in December 1863.

Returned to England in June 1864 from NZ as an invalid PRO3727 DOWD Peter, Private 3190 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 28.11.1854 Ballarat PRO3714 Aged 23yrs labourer, enlisted 2.3.1853 Meath DOWNS Thomas, Private 2077 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 1.3.1855 Ballarat PRO3714 labourer, enlisted 14.3.1843 Clare DRURY John, Private 1124 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England in January 1858 from Hobart as an invalid PRO3718 DUKE John, Private 3243 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War.

Returned to England on the 3.5.1867 from NZ as an invalid PRO3731 DUTTON Frederick , Private 2925 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.Promoted to Sergeant. First soldier to die in the colony of Queensland. Died on the 4.3.1862 Brisbane PRO3722 Enlisted 19.7.1851 Death of Sergeant Dutton in Queensland: Dutton had been a, Private when posted to Ballarat during Eureka in 1854. Promoted through the ranks, Sergeant (2925) Frederick Dutton served at Brisbane from January 1861 to March 1862. He died suddenly on the 4th March 1862 (PRO 3722 WO 12/2982 page 180) and the Brisbane Courier reported his military funeral on the 6th March 1862 - “The funeral of Sergeant Dutton, late of the detachment of the 12th Regiment stationed here, took place yesterday afternoon.

The deceased, who was 33 years of age, had been suffering for some time from a complaint on the lungs, and his death, which took place on Tuesday evening last, was somewhat sudden. The funeral was the first of the kind which has taken place here, and hence attracted much attention, a large number of the inhabitants accompanying the cortege to the cemetery. The procession left the Barracks about five o'clock, and consisted of the officers and men of the detachment, the Volunteer Band, a few members of the Volunteer force and a number of the police. The female relatives and friends of the deceased were also present. The funeral service was read by the Rev. G. Bliss, and procession formed afterwards in the following order - the comrades of the deceased came first, in double file, with arms reversed; next followed the Volunteer Band playing 'Dead March in Saul'; then the Volunteers and police, and lastly the hearse. In this order the procession moved towards the burial ground, accompanied by a large number of citizens, the band playing at intervals throughout the route. At the grave, and at the conclusion of the burial service, three volleys were fired over the deceased by his comrades.

The scene was solemn and imposing throughout.” A letter from Captain Seymour appears in another column thanking the Volunteer Band and others who took part in the procession - “It is only justice to say that the service tendered by the band was well performed and effective, and reflected the highest credit on the skill of the master and the assiduity of the members, as this was their first appearance in public.” EARL William, Sergeant 3172 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. One of seven Ballarat veterans to participate in the first Lambing Flat gold fields riot in March 1861. Sergeant William Earl married Mary Ann Dongan in Sydney in 1859. Discharged in 1864 at Sydney EAGAN John , Private 3059 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Wounded at Eureka . Died on the 8.9.1860 Sydney PRO3721 Aged 15yrs when at Ballarat, enlisted 10.2.1852 at Athlone.

John Eagan died from "phystitis pulma" (probably a heart or lung condition) on the 8th September 1860 at Victoria Barracks Paddington Sydney NSW Australia and was interred in the Roman Catholic burial grounds. John Eagan was the first military casualty at the Eureka gold fields Ballarat where he was shot in the leg by a miner as a detachment of the 1st Battalion entered the gold fields on the evening of the 28th November 1854 after an exhausting forced march of two days from Melbourne. From his Death Certificate (NSW 1860 / 002463) and from the references in the Battalion's Pay Rolls and Musters (PRO3721 WO12/2980 pages 66 and 88), John was aged 21 years at the time of his death and he was single. He was born in Athlone Ireland in 1839 and enlisted as a Boy in the Regiment on the 10th February 1852 aged 13. He was a Drummer with the 1st Battalion when it arrived in Melbourne Australia in late 1854.

Promoted to, Private shortly after the Eureka Rebellion, he was re-appointed Drummer in July 1859. (PRO 3719 WO12/2978 page 72) Between 1854 and 1860 John had been on Sick Report on several occasions (February 1860) and had also been confined to cells on a couple of occasions, most notably for the month of August in 1859. John was not sent to the Maori War in July 1860, probably because of his poor health. John Eagan, Drummer Boy of the 12th Regiment, has a gravestone in Ballarat's old cemetery. The grave itself is empty, John was never buried in this spot. FERGUSON Adam, Private 3160 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England on the 3.1.1862 PerthPRO3723 FINN John, Private 1369 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Returned to England in May 1861 from Sydney as an invalid PRO3722 FLYNN Patrick, Private 3101 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 21.1.1864 NZ PRO3727 labourer, enlisted 22.6.1854 Waterford FLYNN John, Private 3032 (1332) Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Died on the 14.4.1858 Perth PRO3719 FLYNN Daniel, Sergeant 1298 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England on the 24.3.1857 Hobart PRO3716 FORSYTHE Joseph, Private 3149 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England on the 24.3.1857 Hobart PRO3716 FRENCH William, Sergeant 2865 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Wounded at Eureka. French was promoted to Sergeant. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Returned to England on the 3.5.1867 NZ PRO3731 FULLER George, Private 2945 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. One of seven Ballarat veterans to participate in the first Lambing Flat gold fields riot in March 1861. Discharged on the 8.4.1863 Sydney PRO3725 Enlisted 8.4.1851 GALVIN Timothy, Private 3028 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Wounded at Eureka. Galvin was posted to Fremantle, Western Australia, from whence he returned to Sydney in March 1863.Galvin, born County Cork, aged thirty-six, died at Victoria Barracks, Sydney, on The 13th May 1863(PRO3725) GEATES Alfred, Private 3343 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Deserted on the 23.8.1855 Ballarat Aged 19yrs, 5’6”, fresh complexion, dark brown hair, hazel eyes; enlisted Bury, St Edmunds; labourer; born Rougham, Suffolk; PRO3715 GLADING George, Private 1006 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England on the 24.3.1857 Hobart PRO3716 GODDARD Henry, Private 2852 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.Deserted on the 16.1.1855 Ballarat Aged 22.11yrs, 5’6”, fresh complexion, dark brown hair, grey eyes; labourer; born HampshirePRO3714 GRANT Robert, Private 3208 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Deserted on the 24th June 1855 in Sandhurst, Victoria, and a second time on the 15.6.1859 in Sydney, Aged 19yrs in 1855, 5’6”, fresh complexion, brown hair, grey eyes; born Bethnal Green, Middlesex; PRO3719. GRIFFIN Robert, Sergeant 2553 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Returned to England on the 17.5.1867 NZ PRO3731 Aged 20yrs at Ballarat. Corporal Robert Griffin re-enlisted and received a special bounty of £7. His re-enlistment states, enlisted aged 14 for ten years on the 28th April 1848 and re-enlisted aged 30 for nine years on the 28th April 1864 (PRO3727).

Griffin was twenty when posted to Ballarat during Eureka Corporal (2553) Griffin was promoted to Sergeant on the 10th June 1865(PRO3729) GRIMSTONE Bryan Private 1194 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England in 1858 and Jan 1860 from Perth PRO3720 GRIMWOOD William, Private 1020 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Returned to England in 1858 Perth PRO3719 HADDON Charles, Private 3328 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. One of seven Ballarat veterans to participate in the first Lambing Flat gold fields riot in March 1861. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 21.3.1866 NZ PRO3730 Enlisted 28.11.1853. Private (3328) Charles Haddon is the only soldier to have served in all three - Eureka, Lambing Flat and the 3rd Maori War.

HALL William, Private 3048 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 15.6.1855 at Sandhurst (Bendigo) labourer, enlisted 2.2.1852 Surrey PRO3715 HALL Henry, Private 1173 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 1.1.1855 Ballarat Basket Maker, enlisted 27.8.1838 Suffolk PRO3714 HALL John, Private 3295 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Died from wounds received at Eureka (KIA) on the 31.12.1854 Ballarat PRO3714 labourer, enlisted 3.10.1853 Kilkenny, Limerick HARDING George, Private 3259 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War.

Discharged on the 30.3.1866 NZ PRO3730 Weaver, enlisted 11.4.1853 Armagh HARE John, Private 3097 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Discharged on the 10.5.1858 Perth PRO3719 HARGRAVES Richard, Private 1531 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Discharged on the 28.2.1857 Hobart PRO3716 labourer, enlisted 30.6.1840 Burnsley HAWTHORNE David Alexander, Private 3147 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Discharged in 1864 Sydney HAYMAN George, Private 3309 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 3rd Maori War.

Discharged on the 11.4.1866 NZ PRO3730 Enlisted 11.10.1853 HEARN John, Private 3315 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.Deserted on the 12.12.1854 Ballarat PRO3714 labourer, enlsited 18.10.1853 Cork HOGAN Thomas, Corporal 3349 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 15.7.1866 NZ PRO3730 Enlisted 14.1.1852 HURSTWAITE John, Private 3125 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Deserted on the 29.7.1855 Sandhurst Aged 22yrs, 5’7”, fresh complexion, dark brown hair, blue eyes; labourer; born MacelI, Cambridge; PRO3715 HUSBAND Thomas, Private 1326 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.Deserted in January 1860 Sydney PRO3720 HUXLEY James, Private 3212 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 4.11.1858 Sydney Aged 23.7yrs, 5’6”, fresh complexion, brown hair, blue eyes; enlisted 16.3.1853 Westminster, labourer; born Spitalfields Middlesex; PRO3719 HUXTABLE William, Private 3262 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War.

Discharged on the 12.6.1865 NZ PRO3729 Enlisted 22.7.1853 ING (JORG) Finniess, Private 3036 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 10.6.1856 Hobart PRO3716 labourer, enlisted 28.6.1852 Canterbury JEFFREY James, Private 3292 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Member of detachment that departed Melbourne on ship Windsorfor Fremantle in November 1855. Jeffrey drowned one year later in Perth on the 18th December 1856 PRO3717 JEWELL William, Private 3297 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 10.6.1856 Hobart PRO3716 labourer, enlisted 3.10.1853 Taunton JONES Robert , Corporal 2926 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Discharged on the 7.3.1862 Sydney PRO3724 Enlisted 24.5.1851 KEEFE Francis, Private 3213 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Died on the 1.3.1856 Hobart PRO3715 labourer, enlisted 16.3.1853 Tipperary KEEN Thomas, Private 2954 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Discharged on the 1.3.1863 Perth PRO3725 KING Hugh, Private 3189 (1296) Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Returned to England on the 3.5.1867 NZ PRO3731 KNIGHTS John, Private 1018 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.Returned to England on the 24.3.1857 Hobart PRO3716 LACKEY John, Private 3164 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Returned to England on the 3.5.1867 NZ PRO3731 LANG William, Sergeant 2617 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Discharged on the 30.11.1859 Sydney PRO3720 LAWRENCE William, Sergeant 3281 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 18.3.1865 NZ PRO3727. LEEKEY John, Private 3100 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Deserted in Melbourne on the 31.10.1855, aged 22yrs, 5’7”, fresh complexion, light brown hair, grey eyes; labourer; born Brompton, Kent. Discharged on the 7.8.1863 Sydney PRO3727 LEONARD James, Private 1457 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Died on the 9.1.1862 Sydney PRO3722 Enlisted 26.12.1839 LUMBER William, Private 3069 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Returned to Sydneyon a second tour of duty on ship HMS Curacoa in 1860. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 15.4.1867 NZ PRO3723 LYNESS Joseph, Private 3200 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 3rd Maori War.

Returned to England on the 3.5.1867 NZ PRO3731 MANNING John, Private 3221 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 16.9.1866 NZ PRO3730 Enlisted 15.5.1853 MARTIN William, Private 3117 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 10.9.1855 at Sandhurst Aged 21yrs, 5’7”, fresh complexion, sandy hair, light blue eyes; enlisted Clonmel; labourer; born Cashel, Tipperary; PRO3715 McARDLE John, Private 3174 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Returned to England on the 24.3.1857 Hobart PRO3716 McCORMISH Edward, Private 3179 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 30.12.1865 NZ PRO3729 McDERMOTT Thomas, Private 1350 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Returned to England on the 24.3.1857 Hobart PRO3716 McGARVER (McGarry) John, Private 2063 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Returned to England in February 1862 from Sydneyas an invalid PRO3722 McGORRIGLE Peter, Private 3330 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 29.7.1855 Sandhurst Aged 20yrs, 5’6”, fresh complexion, light brown hair, grey eyes; labourer; born Maryborough, Queen’s County; PRO3715 McGRATH Patrick, Private 3113 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.

Died on the 21.1.1857 at Hobart PRO3716 labourer, enlisted 26.6.1852 Nenagh MEDGLEY Edmund, Private 3112 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 10.9.1855 at Sandhurst Aged 21yrs, 5’7”, fresh complexion, dark brown hair, blue eyes; enlisted Clonmel; shoemaker; born Dungarvan, Waterford; PRO3715 MELTON John, Private 3296 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. One of seven Ballarat veterans to participate in the first Lambing Flat gold fields riot in March 1861. Deserted on the 26.12.1861 Sydney Aged 26yrs, 5’7”, fair complexion; brown hair; grey eyes; enlisted 5.10.53 Westminster labourer; born Regsmanworth Hertfordshire. Remarks – branded with “D” twice under left arm. Scar on right hand.

PRO3722 MINER Charles, Private 2810 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Discharged on the 16.6.1862 Perth PRO3725. MOORE Jacob, Private 954 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England on the 24.3.1857 Hobart PRO3716 MORAN Michael, Sergeant 2699 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Moran was in the Regimental hospital from June to August and died on the 17th September 1856. Moran, born Ballyhohan Ireland, labourer, had enlisted on the 21st December 1848. He left a will and bequeathed his effects to his wife, Jane, who was with the Regiment (PRO3716) MURREY Alfred, Private 3010 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Deserted on the 21.11.1854 at Ballarat PRO3714 labourer, enlisted 7.11.1851 Somerset NEWELL (Navell) Jermiah, Private 3360 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 26.2.1866 NZ PRO3730 Enlisted 26.6.1853 NORGROVE Richard, Corporal 3240 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Norgrove was wounded in the Battle of Rangiriri in December 1863 and later took his discharge on the 27.5.1865 NZ PRO3729. NOWLAN (Newlan) James, Private1009 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Returned to England in January 1858 from Hobart as an invalid PRO3718.

O’DONNELL Patrick, Private 1467 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England in February 1862 from Sydney as an invalid PRO3722. PARKER Samuel, Private 1209 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted at Ballarat on the 21.2.1855, aged 33.8yrs, 5’6”, light complexion, light hair, hazel eyes; labourer; born Charsfield, Suffolk. Discharged on the 31.1.1857 Hobart PRO3716. PARKHOUSE John, Private 3342 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. One of seven Ballarat veterans to participate in the first Lambing Flat gold fields riot in March 1861. Discharged in 1864 Sydney PARRY James, Private 3288 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Deserted on the 21.7.1855 Castlemaine Aged 19.10yrs, 5’9”, fresh complexion, dark brown hair, grey eyes; labourer; born West Monckton, Somerset; PRO3715 PAUL William Henry, Lieutenant Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Took leave and returned to England in January 1857 from Launceston PRO3716. PAYNE Henry, Private 3065 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Discharged on the 13.4.1864 NZ PRO3727 Enlisted 16.7.1852 Private Payne was the only soldier, posted to Ballarat, who also claimed a remittance for land in New Zealand under the Naval and Military Settlers' and Volunteers Land Acts 1889, 1891 and 1892 PERCY William, Private 1190 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.

Returned to England on the 19.6.1859 from Sydney as an invalid PRO3719 PINDER Michael, Private 3225 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Returned to England on the 3.5.1867 NZ PRO3731 QUEADE William Henry, Captain Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Queade took leave in January 1858 and presumably returned to the Depot in England with Major Kempt and several invalids on the ship Derwent Water (PRO 3718). He returned to Sydney on the ship Nugget in 1860, served in the 2nd Maori War and returned to Englandin October 1860. He transferred into the 2nd Battalion in 1863 (PRO3724). QUINN William, Private 3154 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Deserted on the 20.2.1855 Ballarat Aged 20yrs, 5’6”, fresh complexion, dark brown hair, blue eyes; weaver; PRO371 REED (Reid) John, Private 2866 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Discharged on the 16.6.1862 Perth PRO3725 REID Robert, Private 3215 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Deserted on the 21.1.1855 at Ballarat aged 21.10yrs, 5’6”, fresh complexion, brown hair, hazel eyes; servant; born Tyrone. Returned to England on the 23.3.1857 Hobart PRO3716 REILLY James, Sergeant 3346 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 3rd Maori War.

Took furlough and returned to England in April 1865 NZ PRO3729 REYNOLDS Samuel, Private 3183 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 4.7.1866 NZ PRO3730 Enlisted 2.3.1853 SARGEANT John, Private 2784 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 26.12.1854 Ballarat PRO3714 labourer, enlisted 17.10.1849 Suffolk SHANAHAN Garret, Private 3219 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Discharged in 1865 from Queensland SHARKEY James, Private 3244 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War.

Discharged on the 17.6.1866 NZ PRO3730 Enlisted 6.4.1853 SHARPE George, Private 3081 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 17.12.1855 Melbourne PRO3715 labourer, enlisted 12.4.1852 Suffolk SHOVLIN John, Private 1142 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Deserted on the 2.5.1855 Ballarat aged 32yrs, 5’6”, fresh complexion, red hair, grey eyes; born St. Helens Sligo Ireland; PRO3715 SMITH Thomas, Private 3306 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Died on the 25.12.1855 Hobart PRO3715 labourer, enlisted 8.10.1853 Cork SMITH Robert, Private 942 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.

Returned to England on the 24.3.1857 from Hobart PRO3716 SMITH John, Private 3335 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Wounded at EurekaPrivate John Smith committed a civil offence in Melbourne, was discharged and transported back to England on the 3rd December 1855(PRO3715). SPALDING Jesse, Private 2976 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Returned to England on the 3.5.1867 NZ PRO3731 SULLIVAN John, Private 1272 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.Discharged on the 31.1.1860 in Sydney PRO3720 labourer, born Waterford While several soldiers from the 40th Regiment were called, only one soldier from the 12th Regiment gave evidence at the Police enquiry to determine those who should be charged with high treason at Eureka.

Private O’Sullivan gave evidence against a miner, named Campbell received orders to fix bayonets to charge. Saw Campbellrun from one tent to another. cannot say whether he was armed. It was inside the stockade. Was close to Captain Wise, who had fallen. Took up his ground beside him. Then returned home. SUTCLIFF William, Private 1401 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England on the 3.1.1861 from Perth as an invalid PRO3722. SWATMAN George, Private 959 Arrived in Hobart on ship GloucesterApart from Assistant Surgeon Arden, Swatman was the only soldier at Ballarat off the ship Gloucester took furlough and returned to England in October 1856 from Adelaide PRO3717 THOMPSON Henry, Private 3198 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War.

Discharged on the 24.12.1865 NZ PRO3729 THOMPSON John, Hospital Sergeant 3217 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. And embarked on a second tour of duty and arrived in Sydney on the ship Duncan Mackay in 1860. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Returned to England on the 17.5.1867 NZ PRO3731 TIMMONS Henry, Private 1985 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.Discharged on the 30.11.1856 Hobart PRO3716 Servant, enlisted 11.9.1846 Salop TURNER William, Private 3023 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 1864 NZ PRO3730 Enlisted 24.11.1851 VAUGHAN Daniel, Corporal 2031 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Vaughan had embarked for the second Maori War in December 1860. Vaughan was demoted to private and returned to Sydney on the ship Henry F. Ferniein 1861. In December 1863, Vaughan was sentenced to two days in solitary confinement and spent the following month in hospital (PRO3727). He was again on Sick Report and in hospital during August 1864, and in the Tarban Creek Lunatic Asylum between September and October 1864 (PRO3729). Vaughan left Sydney on the 14th October 1864 and returned to England via Victoria with two other soldiers, Sergeant (2001) Frederick Hodgkins and Private (3057) John Barry (PRO3729) UNDERWOOD William, Private 3306 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Returned to England on the 14.2.1863 from Sydney as an invalid PRO3724.

The Southern Cross newspaper in New Zealand, reporting on the progress of the Maori War, wrote on Tuesday 31st July 1860 under Continuing Events - Monday last - Private William Underwood, 12th Regiment, one of the sentries at Fort Stapp last night, fell over the cliff in going to his post. In falling his rifle went off and the ball went through his hand. He is progressing favourably. He rejoined HQ in Sydney at the end of the War and returned to England as an invalid in February 1863. WAGSTAFF James, Private 1874 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England on the 17.5.1867 NZ PRO3731.Private Wagstaff was the only soldier, who was at Ballarat, and was still serving in 1869. After Ballarat, Private Wagstaff was posted to Fremantle Western Australia, where he stayed until returning with the detachment to Sydney in 1863.

He performed various garrison duties in Sydneyand with the remainder of the Sydney detachment, rejoined HQ in New Zealand in November 1866 (PRO3730). After six months in New Zealand, he returned to England with the Regiment in May 1867. He took discharge on the 28th September 1869. (AJCP M973) WALKER Andrew, Private 3216 (1293) Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Returned to England on the 3.5.1867 NZ PRO3731. WARNER George, Private 3340 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.Deserted on the 13.12.1854 Ballarat PRO3714 Brick Maker , enlisted 20.12.1853 Leicester WATERS John, Private 3142 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Deserted on the 29.8.1855 Sandhurst Aged 21yrs, 5’8”, dark complexion, dark brown hair, brown eyes; enlisted Newry; labourer; born Co Laugh; PRO3715 WATSON Robert, Private 979 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Returned to England on the 24.3.1857 Hobart PRO3716 WEBB William, Private 3301 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Died from wounds received at Eureka (KIA) on the 5.12.1854 Ballarat PRO3714 labourer, enlisted 6.10.1853 Hartfordshire WEND George, Private 3209 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Deserted on the 12.12.1854 Ballarat PRO3714 Painter, enlisted 16.3.1853 Surrey WILKINSON William, Private 3162 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie.

Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Discharged on the 9.5.1867 NZ PRO3731 labourer, enlisted 31.1.1853 Devon WILLIAMS H. L, Lieutenant Arrived in Melbourne as an Ensign on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Lieutenant Williams was posted to Adelaide in June 1856. Took leave and returned to England on the 11.3.1858 from Adelaide PRO3718. WILSON John, Private 2994 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Deserted on the 2.1.1855 Ballarat PRO3714 labourer, enlisted 30.10.1851 Wiltshire WRIGHT James, Private 3194 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Fought in the 3rd Maori War.

Discharged on the 13.4.1865 NZ PRO3729 Enlisted 12.3.1853 WRIGHT John, Private 2935 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Empress Eugenie. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Discharged on the 6.5.1863 Sydney PRO3725 26.3.1837 YALDEN Charles, Sergeant 3322 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown. Fought in the 2nd Maori War. Fought in the 3rd Maori War. Sergeant (3322) Yalden was ordered to England and left Sydney on the 7th January 1866. There he transferred into the 70th Regiment in 1866 PRO3729 YOUNG Richard, Private 3284 Arrived in Melbourne on the transport ship Camperdown.

Deserted on the 22.11.1854 Ballarat PRO3714 labourer, enlisted 7.8.1853 Lancaster Below are the names of the 1/40th Suffolk Regiment who were stationed at Ballarat

Question: Where did the Eureka Rebellion happen?
Answer: Ballarat, Australia