Geometry.Net - Scientists: Philon Of Byzantium Philon Of Byzantium: I have seen the walls and Hanging Gardens of ancient Babylon, wrote philon ofByzantium, the statue of Olympian Zeus, the Colossus of Rhodes, the mighty Extractions: The Temple of Artemis Artist's conception of the temple 1100 A.D.: A troop of Crusaders stops at a muddy little village in Asia Minor. Their leader looks around. Confused ,he dismounts. This place is not what he expected. He read in the ancient texts that this was a large seaport with many ships docked in its bay. It isn't. The sea is almost three miles away. The village is located in a swamp. There are no ships to be seen. The leader accosts a nearby man. "Sir, is this the city of Ephesus?" "It was called that once. Now it is named Ayasalouk." "Well, where is your bay? Where are the trading ships? And where is the magnificent Greek temple that we have heard about?" Now it is the man's turn to be confused. "Temple? What temple, Sir?

We have no temple here..." And so 800 years after its destruction, the magnificent Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World , had been completely forgotten by the people of the town that had once held it in such pride. And there is no doubt that the temple was indeed magnificent. "I have seen the walls and Hanging Gardens of ancient Babylon," wrote Philon of Byzantium, "the statue of Olympian Zeus, the Colossus of Rhodes, the mighty work of the high Pyramids and the tomb of Mausolus. But when I saw the temple at Ephesus rising to the clouds, all these other wonders were put in the shade." Basic forms of gears have been in existence since ancient times. philon ofByzantium describes gears used as early as 300 BC to lift heavy weights. Extractions: Brain Power -Gear It up! What is a gear? Gears are frequently thought of as wheels with teeth. Gears come in all sizes, shapes, and materials but have one thing in common: they make work easier. Tire jacks, bicycles, clocks, kitchen appliances, garage door openers and cars are just a few modern machines that use gears.

How long have gears been used? Basic forms of gears have been in existence since ancient times. Philon of Byzantium describes gears used as early as 300 BC to lift heavy weights. In Alexandria, Egypt during the first century AD, a mathematician named Heron wrote a book titled, Mechanics, which included illustrations and descriptions of gears. Modern archaeologists have found metal gears dating to 500 AD. Although ancient engineers knew the advantage of using gears, they were too difficult to make with existing technology. They did not come into widespread use until the invention of more precise tools and technology. How do gears work? Gears have become fundamental to the motion of virtually all machines in our society. When two or more gears are connected the movement of one gear is transferred to another gear, enabling the machine to do its job. The transfer of movement from one gear to another can increase either the force of the movement or the speed if the gears are of different sizes. Gears can also change the direction of movement. An important part of understanding how gears increase force is the concept of leverage. A gear may be thought of as series of levers, each one extending from the center of the gear to the end of a gear tooth.

Just as a lever moves a load, the tooth of one gear moves the meshing tooth of another gear. The longer a lever is, the greater its force. Hence, the bigger a gear is, the greater its force. By arranging gears of different sizes, machines work with different amounts of force. widely chronicled. Greek writers, Antipater of Sidon, and philon ofByzantium compiled the two most well known lists. Most of the Extractions: The ancient Greeks were the first to begin compiling lists of the most marvelous structures they knew about. These included historical structures that had long been destroyed, yet were widely chronicled. Greek writers, Antipater of Sidon, and Philon of Byzantium compiled the two most well known lists. Most of the lists agreed on six items on the list, however, the seventh item was widely debated upon. Up until the sixth century AD, the seventh item was usually declared either the Walls of the City of Babylon or the Palace of Cyrus. Finally, around 600 AD, the seventh item was acknowledged as The Lighthouse of Alexandria. Places such as Stonehenge, or The Great Wall of China were beyond the limits of the Ancient Greek World.

Thus, the Seven Wonders were mainly confined to the reachable surroundings of the Ancient Greek Empire. Although most people know that a list of the Seven World Wonders exists, only few can name them. The Wonders are the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis, the Masoleum, the Colossus at Rhodes, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and the Great Lighthouse at Alexandria. Of all Seven Wonders, the only structure that has stood the test of time to this very day, is the Pyramid of Giza. For their builders, the Wonders were a celebration of religion, mythology, art, power, and science. Now, for us, they reflect the ability of humans to drastically change the surrounding landscape by building massive, awe-inspiring and beautiful structures. 5. Fragments of treatises by Athenaeus, Biton, Heron, Apollodorus and philon ofByzantium, a contemporary of Ctesibius, who treats of the Greek fire, and Extractions: you need to use a compliant browser rather than Internet Explorer. Fig. 10. Dacian Balista. Mounted as a wall piece.

One of the most interesting features in the sculptures of the Trajan Column is the representation, difficult to meet with elsewhere, of the artillery of the Romans. The Romans well understood the advantage, not only of being able to inflict loss on an enemy at long ranges, while he was too distant to annoy their own troops, but also of the moral weight which the possession of mechanical contrivances for this purpose would give them. Some advantage was gained by the Carthaginians when they brought elephants into battle. Besides being formidable in the actual shock of battle, those monsters inspired terror from their size, their supposed ferocity, and the prevailing ignorance about them. In more ancient times the weight, size and space of ground covered by ranks of armed chariots, in the Asiatic and Greek armies, the mere noise produced by these vehicles, the roar of a thousand wheels (without springs) rolling over rough ground, probably contributed to demoralize an enemy before any actual contact with the rank or phalanx of spearmen. Title Benaki Museum Athens Early Islamic Ceramics Ninth to LateTwelfth Centuries, Vol I. Author philon, Helen, xviii + 323.

Extractions: Description: London: Islamic Art Publications, 1980. HB. 645 illus. new in dust jacket.. Item # Add to your cart Our standard shipping charge (U.S. Postal Service) within the US for a small to medium size book is $6.50 for the first title and $2.25 for each additional book for priority mail or $4.00 for the first title and $1.50 for each additional book for media rate, which takes longer. Oversized or heavy books are subject to extra postage. If you prefer a different shipper such as UPS, FedEx etc. please let us know, and we will calculate the shipping costs when confirming you order. Foreign shipping is at actual cost depending on weight and destination. Insurance is optional but recommended. Antiquities will be shipped at $5.00 plus insurance within the US, foreign shipping at actual cost. Pemberton, Elizabeth G. Corinth Volume XVIII, Part I the Sanctuary ofDemeter and Kore the Greek Pottery. philon, Helen, xviii + 323. POTTERY Extractions: Roman Lamps from Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa.

American School of Classical Studies . HESPERIA Journal of the American School of Classical Studies At Athens Volume XL: Number 1 January - March 1971. American School of Classical Studies . HESPERIA Journal of the American School of Classical Studies At Athens Volume XLI: Number 1 January - March 1972. American School of Classical Studies . HESPERIA Journal of the American School of Classical Studies At Athens Volume XXXIX: Number 1 January - March 1970. American School of Classical Studies . HESPERIA Journal of the American School of Classical Studies At Athens Volume XXXIX: Number 2 April - June 1970. American School of Classical Studies . HESPERIA Journal of the American School of Classical Studies At Athens Volume XXXIX: Number 3 July - September 1970. American School of Classical Studies . HESPERIA Journal of the American School of Classical Studies At Athens Volume XXXIX: Number 4 October - December 1970. Foreign Policy Perspectives in the Caucasus Black Sea and Central Asia AlexandrosPhilon.

The Glory of byzantium An exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of New of monuments, especially religious ones, over the many centuries when Byzantiumand its were removed by the Turks from the church of Aghios philon at Agridia Extractions: CULTURE Recent efforts centre on preserving and retrieving the island republic's priceless cultural treasures The mythical birthplace of Aphrodite, Cyprus, was undoubtedly one of the most privileged Byzantine provinces in terms of monuments, especially religious ones, over the many centuries when Byzantium and its unique civilisation reigned supreme in the eastern Mediterranean. As early as the late 4th century AD, early Christian-era basilicas - some, in fact, quite august - were constructed for the large east Mediterranean island's faithful. Although practically all were destroyed by earthquakes, fire and Saracen raids between the 7th and 10th centuries, their ruins to this day remain impressive. Some apses of these basilicas, with roofs made of wood, survived the destruction and were incorporated in middle Byzantine-era churches.

Such apses - domed or arched recesses located at the east end of a church - are incorporated in the 11th century churches of Acheiropiitos near Karavas, Panaghia Kanakaria at Lythrangomi, Panaghia Kyra near Livadi (Famagusta district), Panaghia Angeloktistos at Kiti and the Katholikon of Aghia Moni. On either side of the Virgin Mary, the Archangels Michael and Gabriel were depicted. Gabriel's image was long ago destroyed and only his right hand is pictured today. The entire composition was completed by a large decorative band in which there were 13 medallions with the figures of Christ and the 12 Apostles. The central medallion as well as two more were destroyed, while another two depicting the figures of St. Paul and St. Philip were badly damaged.

Geometry.Net - Scientists: Philon Of Byzantium Philon Of Byzantium: 285 BC 284 BC 283 BC 282 BC 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277 BC 276 BC 275BC Births philon of byzantium. Deaths Herophilus; Seleucus I Nicator. Extractions: Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk According to the accounts of Athenaeus (Deipnosophists iv, 75), of philon of byzantium(see R.

Schone, Philonis Mechanicae Syntaxis, Berlin 1893, iv, 77, 61 Extractions: T he hydraulis spread very rapidly through the Hellenistic and later the Roman world, where it provided musical accompaniment for games in the forum and was the favourite instrument of Emperors such as Nero. Ancient references to the hydraulis and the many depictions of it on coins, vases and stone pillars which have come down to us reveal that the instrument was constructed in numerous types which varied in size and number of pipes. Little by little, the hydraulic mechanism was replaced by bellows and the hydraulis joined the family of wind instruments. As early as the first centuries AD, both types of instrument were in use. During the first Christian centuries, after the barbarian invasions of Europe, the instrument disappeared from the western part of what had been the Roman Empire, although in its blower-powered form it continued to exist in Byzantium. There is no evidence of hydraulically-powered instruments in Byzantium. In the Imperial court at Constantinople, the organ was a symbol of prestige and it played music during the visits of foreign guests in order to impress them.

Constantine Porphyrogennetos (tenth century) formally established the organ in court protocol, and decreed that it was to play during specific ceremonies in the Great Palace and the Hippodrome. According to the ancient accounts of Athenaeus, of philon of byzantium and, indirectly,of Vitruvius, the Hydraulis was invented by the famous engineer Extractions: Hydraulis : The Ancient Hydraulis and its Reconstruction T T he hydraulis, after its invention, spreads quickly in the Hellenistic and Roman world. In Rome, it was played in theatres, festivals and even in the amphitheaters, and became the favorite instrument of the ruling class and of emperors such as Nero, Ancient references to the hydraulis and the many depictions of it reveal that the instrument was constructed in numerous types which varied in size, sound and number of pipes.

L I n August 1992, during excavations at the site of ancient Dion (at the foot of Mt Olympus) the archaeologist Professor Dimitris Pantermalis of the University of Thessaloniki and his associates discovered the upper parts of an instrument consisting of a set of bronze pipes and a horizontal metal base-plate with decorative motifs. Professor Pantermalis dates the find to the first century BC. In early 1995, the European Cultural Center of Delphi (ECCD), in consultation with Professor Pantermalis and with the support of the Ministry of Culture, initiated a research project for reconstruction of the Dion hydraulis. I n order to reconstruct the hydraulis, all the ancient sources mentioning the instrument were studied in detail, research was conducted into the ancient Greek musical scales, and the use and manufacture of various materials in antiquity (metal, wood, leather, welding, rivets, screw, etc) were investigated. The problems facing the research team during reconstruction were of three kinds, concerning: a) the hydraulic mechanism, b) the key mechanism, and c) the pipes.

In connection with the first two problems, the text of Hero was used as a particular starting-point and regarding the pipes the archaeological find was of great importance. The reconstruction project was completed in July 1999 and the presentation in Japan is the first public appearance of the hydraulis in modern times. The 2ndcentury BC Hellenistic engineer philon of byzantium wrote a tract calledDe Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the Extractions: by John H. Lienhard Click here for audio of Episode 308. Today, we look at the first and last wonder of the world. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them. W e use the words "Eighth Wonder of the World" to name each new engineering marvel that comes down the road bridges, ships, and rockets. Maybe it's time to look back at the original Wonders. The 2nd-century BC Hellenistic engineer Philon of Byzantium wrote a tract called De Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the World .

He listed: The Lighthouse at Alexandria The Great Pyramid of Cheops So the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World are correctly those and those alone. They were marvels, of course. The great 150-foot bronze Colossus standing astride the jetties of Rhodes must have been daunting indeed. Yet Philon's list did by no means include the definitive great works for all time. They were the seven grandest works that he could identify in 150 BC. The Colossus lasted only 56 years before it was brought down by an earthquake. All Philon actually saw of it was bronze rubble. In 200 BC, philon of byzantium proposed a list of human civilization's most masterfularchitectural accomplishments, which are still known today as the Seven Extractions: Project Vote Origin Candidates ...

Statistics 914 DAYS LEFT TO VOTE The Ancient 7 Wonders Of The World In 200 B.C., Philon of Byzantium proposed a list of human civilization's most masterful architectural accomplishments, which are still known today as the 'Seven Wonders of the World' - The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Light Tower of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus, and the Pyramids of Egypt. However, these sites are buildings and sculptures belonging exclusively to the Ancient World and were all constructed more than 2000 years ago, and only one, the Pyramids of Gize, still exists. We have adopted Philon's ancient concept not to replace these 'Seven Wonders of the World' but to take the decision making process out of the hands of an individual and place it into the hands of the world's citizens. A global consultation shall conclude which architectural constructions shall be recognised as the New 7 Wonders of the World. The Light Tower Of Alexandria The Temple Of Artemis The Statue Of Zeus The Colossus Of Rhodes ...

Pyramids of Egypt New 7 wonders is based on the idea to revive an ancient Greek concept, the7 Wonders of Antiquity, declared by philon of byzantium in 200 BC. Extractions: Project Vote Origin Candidates ... Statistics 914 DAYS LEFT TO VOTE Frequently Asked Questions 1 What is your original intention of initiating the global internet vote to choose the New 7 Wonders of the World? What inspired you of the idea? An affair? A book? A person? Or an instant inspiration? 2 Why do you continue with the number of 7? 3 Could you talk about the organization of the vote in detail? Including when it was established, its organizing structure, its members, the division of work) Is your organization official or non-governmental? What do the Swiss think of the vote? 4 When did the vote start? The deadline of the vote showed on your Chinese homepage is 31 Dec., 2001. Does it mean the vote has concluded or can be prolonged to the same date the next year? ... 20 Could you talk about your family? Do they support what you have done?

Is the establishment of THE NEW 7 WONDERS SOCIETY your habit or your sole vocation? 1 What is your original intention of initiating the global internet vote to choose the New 7 Wonders of the World? What inspired you of the idea? An affair? A book? A person? Or an instant inspiration? It is a combination of my personal interest in architecture, a desire to circle our planet earth and to eventually create an ideal content for publishingand an Imax-large screen documentary movie. New 7 wonders is based on the idea to revive an ancient Greek concept, the 7 Wonders of Antiquity, declared by Philon of Byzantium in 200 BC. In many ways it can be compared to Pierre de Coubertin's initiative to revive the Greek Olympic games by starting the modern Olympics in 1896. It took me a lot of convincing myself to start this project, believe me! i only had a slight idea in what I was engaging. Phillips, Ian philon of byzantium,www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Philon.html; Extractions: random biography !

Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish 510 biographies And what makes that even more remarkable is that they are the only example of adefensive system first suggested by philon of byzantium in c. 200 BC, whose ~arkeo/newsletter/newsle29.html Extractions: ANCYRA It seems that the one historical monument all visitors to Ankara remember are those 18 pentagonal towers which appear to rise from the Kaledaðý like the prows of advancing ships. These fortifications were already famous in the 10th or 11th century, for they are referred to in the epic Digenes Akritas , as the famous and great castle, the powerful and fortified Ancyra. Yet, this young citys most tangible record of its long past is also one of its most enigmatic: other than that these towers are evidently Byzantine, there is no agreement as to their precise date!

And what makes that even more remarkable is that they are the only example of a defensive system first suggested by Philon of Byzantium in c . 200 BC, whose ideas were restated by the Anonymous of Byzantium during the reign of Justinian! It is for that reason that our editor invited this contribution, to indicate something of what is known and what is unknown about Ankaras fortifications  and hopefully stimulate further debate and research on them. The Islamic Arabic Automatic Control Technology had as a basis the Greek Technologyof two scientists namely philon of byzantium (Rhodes and Alexandria) of the Antipater of Sidon, and philon of byzantium, drew up two of the most wellknownlists. Many of the lists agreed on six of the seven items. Extractions: The Seven Wonders of the World The ancient Greeks loved to compile lists of the marvellous structures in their world. Though we think of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World as a single list today, there were actually a number of lists compiled by different Greek writers. Antipater of Sidon , and Philon of Byzantium , drew up two of the most well-known lists. Many of the lists agreed on six of the seven items.

The final place on some lists was awarded to the Walls of the City of Babylon . On others, the Palace of Cyrus , king of Persia took the seventh position. Finally, toward the 6th century A.D., the final item became the Lighthouse at Alexandria . Since the it was Greeks who made the lists it is not unusual that many of the items on them were examples of Greek culture. lists compiled by different Greek writers. Antipater of Sidon, andphilon of byzantium, drew up two of the most wellknown lists. Extractions: The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The Great Pyramid of Egypt The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Statue of Zeus at Olympia The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus ... The Lighthouse of Alexandria As a bonus, try visiting some marvels that might have made the list a top ten, but didn't: The Tower of Babel Stonehenge Sphinx MAP PAGE Time Traveller Tours Post Office Time Traveller Tours , in association with the Museum of Unnatural Mystery, invites you to embark on the ultimate luxury vacation through space and time... See the famous Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: Walk through the lush Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Climb the great Lighthouse at Alexandria.

Stand before the immense statue of Zeus at Olympia. Marvel at the beauty of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus... Seven Days! Seven Nights! Seven Wonders! Seven Star Hotels! Time Traveller Tours - Your premire time travel agency The ancient Greeks loved to compile lists of the marvelous structures in their world. Though we think of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World as a single list today, there were actually a number of lists compiled by different Greek writers. Antipater of Sidon, and Philon of Byzantium, drew up two of the most well-known lists. Many of the lists agreed on six of the seven items. The final place on some lists was awarded to the An earlier Greek inventor, philon of byzantium (3rd century BC), tells us that thedrive shaft was facetted (polygonal, not circular, in crosssection), and WONDER WORLD In 200 BC, philon of byzantium proposed a list of humancivilization's most masterful architectural accomplishments. Extractions: ARCHIVES Looking for past installments of What's Online ? Check the archives EGG CITING When you think of Easter eggs, you probably think of hunting for those brightly colored creations around Easter.

In this case, Easter Egg means any entertaining tidbit that creators hide in their masterpieces. The eggs can be in computer programs, movies, music, art and books, and probably other places as well. The Easter Egg Archive, at , has an index of areas in which these jewels reside. A simple example was Carol Burnett's habit of tugging her earlobe to say hello to her mother. Another television egg is that when David Letterman has a guest who is a member of his college fraternity, they do the secret handshake. Author Stephen King uses the names with the initials "R.F." for his evil characters. You'll find some interesting goodies that have been nestled away to satisfy their creators' whims and to be a source of amusement for those who discover them. SOUR NOTES You can listen to your favorite music on the radio, your CD player and numerous other sources. Popular commercial music is the result of talent and a boatload of marketing. What about aspiring singers who don't have all that power behind them? More importantly, what about the ones who should go back to their day jobs but don't know it?

Incorrect Music Siftings, at Antipater of Sidon, and philon of byzantium, drew up two of the best known lists.This type of list does not really serve any particularly practical purpose. replica of an ancient Greek ballista built according to engineering texts leftto us by Heron of Alexandria (c. 62 AD) and philon of byzantium (c. 250 BC). According to the book of philon of byzantium, 15 tons of bronze wereused and 9 tons of iron, though these numbers seem low. The Extractions: Colossus of Rhodes The island of Rhodes was an important economic center in the ancient world. It is located off the southwestern tip of Asia Minor where the Aegean Sea meets the Mediterranean. The capitol city, also named Rhodes, was built in 408 BC and was designed to take advantage of the island's best natural harbor on the northern coast. The island of Rhodes, in the Eastern Mediterranean, was frequently attacked by navies of rival islands, and one siege by the Greeks in the end of the fourth century BC dragged on for a year before the Greeks finally abandoned their attack and left the citizens of Rhodes in peace.

Wishing to celebrate this victory, the citizens of Rhodes chose to build a giant statue of Helos, their God of the Sun and protector. Using in part the bronze from weapons and hardware left by the Greeks, they commissioned a huge bronze sculpture, with a wooden structural support inside, that would stand over a hundred feet high. It was completed in 280 BC. The Statue, which was about 32 meters high was considered one of the seven wonders of the world stood for only a little more than 50 years before it was destroyed in an earthquake and laid with his face in the sand for centuries after. "Even as it lies," wrote Pliny, "it excites our wonder and admiration. Few men can clasp the thumb in their arms, and its fingers are larger than most statues. Where the limbs are broken asunder, vast caverns are seen yawning in the interior. Within it, too, are to be seen large masses of rock, by the weight of which the artist steadied it while erecting it." It is said that an Egyptian king offered to pay for its reconstruction, but the Rhodians refused.

They feared that somehow the statue had offended the god Helios, who used the earthquake to throw it down. In the seventh century AD the Arabs conquered Rhodes and broke the remains of the Colossus up into smaller pieces and sold it as scrap metal. Legend says it took Lists of the seven wonders of the ancient world were compiled by a numberof Greek writers, most famously by philon of byzantium in 200 BC. Extractions: The human race is in pretty bad shape these days. Between September 11, the West Bank and Jean-Marie Le Pen, humanity might as well just crawl back into the cave and start over. Not so, says Bernard Weber, the founder of the New 7 Wonders Society ( This Swiss-born filmmaker/curator/ adventurer is single-handedly (with the help of a global Internet vote and a vintage airplane) set to renew a little of our faith in human achievement, not to mention democratic culture.

temple was easily twice as large as the Parthenon in Athens and had sculpted baseson each of it's 127, 20 meter high columns philon of byzantium writes of the Extractions: Ephesus In what must be one my favourite sites in the Ancient World, Ephesus stood another of the Seven Wonders: The Temple of Artemis. The story goes that around 1100AD a crusader visited Ephesus and looking at the swampy village asked the locals where the bay was? The habour? Where the temple had gone? The locals looked at him and asked: "What temple?" And indeed, when I visited the ruins almost nine centuries later, the bay had silted up and the city of Ephesus was located some 3 kilometers inland, the old harbour buildings bordering a flat plain of rich loam. Almost 3,000 years ago, Ephesus was a small village in Asia Minor. It's inhabitants worshiped Artemis. This goddess wasn't the Greek virgin goddess of hunt, but an older earth mother type fertility goddess, who's statues carried a large necklace of what could be either eggs or.... drank and moved and bird that sang.

philon of byzantium(220200BC) supposidlycreated performed statuets that were powered by water. 287212 BC Ctesibus - ca. 287-212 BC philon of byzantium - late 3rdBC Hero of Alexandria - ca. AD 62 Pliny the Elder - AD 23-79 II. ~ahawb/AHA222/PwrPmps.html Extractions: I. Inventors and Scholars Archimedes - ca. 287-212 B.C. Ctesibus - ca. 287-212 B.C. Philon of Byzantium - late 3rd B.C. Hero of Alexandria - ca. A.D. 62 Pliny the Elder - A.D. 23-79 II. Power and Energy Sources Man and Animal Power: The Prime Mover Water Power Water Wheels Vertical Shaft, Horizontal Wheel(Norse Mill),Chemtou Helix Turbine Undershot (Vitruvian) invented 1st B.C.

Overshot (earliest known example 5th A.D.) Gears: Toothed Wheel invented by Archimedes (3rd B.C.) ? Wind and Steam Power III. Raising Water Primitive means - the Shadouf Archimedes Screw (invented 3rd B.C.) Compartment Wheel (Tympanum), launder Bucket Wheel(Noria), Chain Wheel Force Pumps invented by Ctesibius, 3rd B.C.) Cylinders and Valves (Assarium) Hero's Fire Engine Assignment: These subjects are covered in Landels, Chapters 1, 3, and 9. Also Hill, Part Two, pp. 127-182; Sourcebook , Chapter 2, pp.23-38, 60-61 For water wheels, see T. Schioler, Roman and Islamic Water-Lifting Wheels (Odense 1973); A.

Wilson in Geometry.Net - Scientists: Philon Of Byzantium Philon Of Byzantium: I have seen the walls and Hanging Gardens of ancient Babylon, wrote philon ofByzantium, the statue of Olympian Zeus, the Colossus of Rhodes, the mighty The Temple of Artemis Artist's conception of the temple 1100 A.D.: A troop of Crusaders stops at a muddy little village in Asia Minor. Their leader looks around. Confused ,he dismounts. This place is not what he expected. He read in the ancient texts that this was a large seaport with many ships docked in its bay. It isn't. The sea is almost three miles away. The village is located in a swamp. There are no ships to be seen. The leader accosts a nearby man. "Sir, is this the city of Ephesus?" "It was called that once. Now it is named Ayasalouk." "Well, where is your bay? Where are the trading ships? And where is the magnificent Greek temple that we have heard about?" Now it is the man's turn to be confused. "Temple? What temple, Sir?

We have no temple here..." And so 800 years after its destruction, the magnificent Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World , had been completely forgotten by the people of the town that had once held it in such pride. And there is no doubt that the temple was indeed magnificent. "I have seen the walls and Hanging Gardens of ancient Babylon," wrote Philon of Byzantium, "the statue of Olympian Zeus, the Colossus of Rhodes, the mighty work of the high Pyramids and the tomb of Mausolus. But when I saw the temple at Ephesus rising to the clouds, all these other wonders were put in the shade." Basic forms of gears have been in existence since ancient times. philon ofByzantium describes gears used as early as 300 BC to lift heavy weights. Brain Power -Gear It up! What is a gear? Gears are frequently thought of as wheels with teeth. Gears come in all sizes, shapes, and materials but have one thing in common: they make work easier. Tire jacks, bicycles, clocks, kitchen appliances, garage door openers and cars are just a few modern machines that use gears.

How long have gears been used? Basic forms of gears have been in existence since ancient times. Philon of Byzantium describes gears used as early as 300 BC to lift heavy weights. In Alexandria, Egypt during the first century AD, a mathematician named Heron wrote a book titled, Mechanics, which included illustrations and descriptions of gears. Modern archaeologists have found metal gears dating to 500 AD. Although ancient engineers knew the advantage of using gears, they were too difficult to make with existing technology. They did not come into widespread use until the invention of more precise tools and technology. How do gears work? Gears have become fundamental to the motion of virtually all machines in our society. When two or more gears are connected the movement of one gear is transferred to another gear, enabling the machine to do its job. The transfer of movement from one gear to another can increase either the force of the movement or the speed if the gears are of different sizes. Gears can also change the direction of movement. An important part of understanding how gears increase force is the concept of leverage. A gear may be thought of as series of levers, each one extending from the center of the gear to the end of a gear tooth.

Just as a lever moves a load, the tooth of one gear moves the meshing tooth of another gear. The longer a lever is, the greater its force. Hence, the bigger a gear is, the greater its force. By arranging gears of different sizes, machines work with different amounts of force. widely chronicled. Greek writers, Antipater of Sidon, and philon ofByzantium compiled the two most well known lists. Most of the View Point Entertainment Arts Golf Horoscope Crossword Puzzle Opportunity to Vote for New Seven World Wonders Through a world wide Internet vote, the historic seven World Wonders are soon to be amended, so that we may all be part of a new agreement on what we consider to be the most spectacular monumental human achievements of the past 2000 years! These will become the New Seven World Wonders. Background to the Seven World Wonders The ancient Greeks were the first to begin compiling lists of the most marvelous structures they knew about. These included historical structures that had long been destroyed, yet were widely chronicled. Greek writers, Antipater of Sidon, and Philon of Byzantium compiled the two most well known lists.

Most of the lists agreed on six items on the list, however, the seventh item was widely debated upon. Up until the sixth century AD, the seventh item was usually declared either the Walls of the City of Babylon or the Palace of Cyrus. Finally, around 600 AD, the seventh item was acknowledged as The Lighthouse of Alexandria. Places such as Stonehenge, or The Great Wall of China were beyond the limits of the Ancient Greek World. Thus, the Seven Wonders were mainly confined to the reachable surroundings of the Ancient Greek Empire. Although most people know that a list of the Seven World Wonders exists, only few can name them. The Wonders are the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis, the Masoleum, the Colossus at Rhodes, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and the Great Lighthouse at Alexandria. Of all Seven Wonders, the only structure that has stood the test of time to this very day, is the Pyramid of Giza. For their builders, the Wonders were a celebration of religion, mythology, art, power, and science.

Now, for us, they reflect the ability of humans to drastically change the surrounding landscape by building massive, awe-inspiring and beautiful structures. 5. Fragments of treatises by Athenaeus, Biton, Heron, Apollodorus and philon ofByzantium, a contemporary of Ctesibius, who treats of the Greek fire, and Geometry.Net - Scientists: Philon Of Byzantium Philon Of Byzantium: 285 BC 284 BC 283 BC 282 BC 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277 BC 276 BC 275BC Births philon of byzantium. Deaths Herophilus; Seleucus I Nicator.

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help 280 BC According to the accounts of Athenaeus (Deipnosophists iv, 75), of philon of byzantium(see R. Schone, Philonis Mechanicae Syntaxis, Berlin 1893, iv, 77, 61 European cultural Centre of Delphi The Ancient Hydraulis T Dissemination of the instrument: Rome and Byzantium T he hydraulis spread very rapidly through the Hellenistic and later the Roman world, where it provided musical accompaniment for games in the forum and was the favourite instrument of Emperors such as Nero. Ancient references to the hydraulis and the many depictions of it on coins, vases and stone pillars which have come down to us reveal that the instrument was constructed in numerous types which varied in size and number of pipes.

Little by little, the hydraulic mechanism was replaced by bellows and the hydraulis joined the family of wind instruments. As early as the first centuries AD, both types of instrument were in use. During the first Christian centuries, after the barbarian invasions of Europe, the instrument disappeared from the western part of what had been the Roman Empire, although in its blower-powered form it continued to exist in Byzantium. There is no evidence of hydraulically-powered instruments in Byzantium. In the Imperial court at Constantinople, the organ was a symbol of prestige and it played music during the visits of foreign guests in order to impress them. Constantine Porphyrogennetos (tenth century) formally established the organ in court protocol, and decreed that it was to play during specific ceremonies in the Great Palace and the Hippodrome. According to the ancient accounts of Athenaeus, of philon of byzantium and, indirectly,of Vitruvius, the Hydraulis was invented by the famous engineer Hydraulis : The Ancient Hydraulis and its Reconstruction T T he hydraulis, after its invention, spreads quickly in the Hellenistic and Roman world.

In Rome, it was played in theatres, festivals and even in the amphitheaters, and became the favorite instrument of the ruling class and of emperors such as Nero, Ancient references to the hydraulis and the many depictions of it reveal that the instrument was constructed in numerous types which varied in size, sound and number of pipes. L I n August 1992, during excavations at the site of ancient Dion (at the foot of Mt Olympus) the archaeologist Professor Dimitris Pantermalis of the University of Thessaloniki and his associates discovered the upper parts of an instrument consisting of a set of bronze pipes and a horizontal metal base-plate with decorative motifs. Professor Pantermalis dates the find to the first century BC. In early 1995, the European Cultural Center of Delphi (ECCD), in consultation with Professor Pantermalis and with the support of the Ministry of Culture, initiated a research project for reconstruction of the Dion hydraulis.

I n order to reconstruct the hydraulis, all the ancient sources mentioning the instrument were studied in detail, research was conducted into the ancient Greek musical scales, and the use and manufacture of various materials in antiquity (metal, wood, leather, welding, rivets, screw, etc) were investigated. The problems facing the research team during reconstruction were of three kinds, concerning: a) the hydraulic mechanism, b) the key mechanism, and c) the pipes. In connection with the first two problems, the text of Hero was used as a particular starting-point and regarding the pipes the archaeological find was of great importance. The reconstruction project was completed in July 1999 and the presentation in Japan is the first public appearance of the hydraulis in modern times. The 2ndcentury BC Hellenistic engineer philon of byzantium wrote a tract calledDe Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the No. 308: THE LAST WONDER OF THE WORLD by John H. Lienhard Click here for audio of Episode 308. Today, we look at the first and last wonder of the world.

The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them. W e use the words "Eighth Wonder of the World" to name each new engineering marvel that comes down the road bridges, ships, and rockets. Maybe it's time to look back at the original Wonders. The 2nd-century BC Hellenistic engineer Philon of Byzantium wrote a tract called De Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the World . He listed: The Lighthouse at Alexandria The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Colossus of Rhodes The Statue of Zeus at Olympia The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus The Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus The Great Pyramid of Cheops So the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World are correctly those and those alone. They were marvels, of course. The great 150-foot bronze Colossus standing astride the jetties of Rhodes must have been daunting indeed. Yet Philon's list did by no means include the definitive great works for all time. They were the seven grandest works that he could identify in 150 BC.

The Colossus lasted only 56 years before it was brought down by an earthquake. All Philon actually saw of it was bronze rubble. In 200 BC, philon of byzantium proposed a list of human civilization's most masterfularchitectural accomplishments, which are still known today as the Seven Project Vote Origin Candidates ... Statistics 914 DAYS LEFT TO VOTE The Ancient 7 Wonders Of The World In 200 B.C., Philon of Byzantium proposed a list of human civilization's most masterful architectural accomplishments, which are still known today as the 'Seven Wonders of the World' - The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Light Tower of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus, and the Pyramids of Egypt. However, these sites are buildings and sculptures belonging exclusively to the Ancient World and were all constructed more than 2000 years ago, and only one, the Pyramids of Gize, still exists.

We have adopted Philon's ancient concept not to replace these 'Seven Wonders of the World' but to take the decision making process out of the hands of an individual and place it into the hands of the world's citizens. A global consultation shall conclude which architectural constructions shall be recognised as the New 7 Wonders of the World. The Light Tower Of Alexandria The Temple Of Artemis The Statue Of Zeus The Colossus Of Rhodes ... Pyramids of Egypt Become a Patron New 7 wonders is based on the idea to revive an ancient Greek concept, the7 Wonders of Antiquity, declared by philon of byzantium in 200 BC. Project Vote Origin Candidates ... Statistics 914 DAYS LEFT TO VOTE Frequently Asked Questions 1 What is your original intention of initiating the global internet vote to choose the New 7 Wonders of the World? What inspired you of the idea? An affair? A book? A person? Or an instant inspiration? 2 Why do you continue with the number of 7? 3 Could you talk about the organization of the vote in detail? Including when it was established, its organizing structure, its members, the division of work) Is your organization official or non-governmental?

What do the Swiss think of the vote? 4 When did the vote start? The deadline of the vote showed on your Chinese homepage is 31 Dec., 2001. Does it mean the vote has concluded or can be prolonged to the same date the next year? ... 20 Could you talk about your family? Do they support what you have done? Is the establishment of THE NEW 7 WONDERS SOCIETY your habit or your sole vocation? 1 What is your original intention of initiating the global internet vote to choose the New 7 Wonders of the World? What inspired you of the idea? An affair? A book? A person? Or an instant inspiration? It is a combination of my personal interest in architecture, a desire to circle our planet earth and to eventually create an ideal content for publishingand an Imax-large screen documentary movie. New 7 wonders is based on the idea to revive an ancient Greek concept, the 7 Wonders of Antiquity, declared by Philon of Byzantium in 200 BC. In many ways it can be compared to Pierre de Coubertin's initiative to revive the Greek Olympic games by starting the modern Olympics in 1896.

It took me a lot of convincing myself to start this project, believe me! i only had a slight idea in what I was engaging. Antipater of Sidon, and philon of byzantium, drew up two of the best known lists.This type of list does not really serve any particularly practical purpose. replica of an ancient Greek ballista built according to engineering texts leftto us by Heron of Alexandria (c. 62 AD) and philon of byzantium (c. 250 BC). The International Registry of Hurlers (and Chunkers) Home Message Board Events Search ... Add A Record Your Name (or Nickname): Your new portrait (.jpg or .gif only!) maximum 120 x 120 pixels please.

(Check this box to delete your portrait) A private email address: (to send your password if you forget it) Your Location: (if your machines are in a different place, specify in the additional info box) City: State (Province): Country: Public contact info: Web page: Postal address: Email address: Phone number: Your Machines: I II III Name of the machine: Machine's web or image URL: If you have pictures but need web space to publish them, contact me, Ron@Trebuchet.com Type: Lists of the seven wonders of the ancient world were compiled by a numberof Greek writers, most famously by philon of byzantium in 200 BC. Wonderful World Elizabeth Bard casts a vote for human achievement The human race is in pretty bad shape these days. Between September 11, the West Bank and Jean-Marie Le Pen, humanity might as well just crawl back into the cave and start over.

Not so, says Bernard Weber, the founder of the New 7 Wonders Society ( This Swiss-born filmmaker/curator/ adventurer is single-handedly (with the help of a global Internet vote and a vintage airplane) set to renew a little of our faith in human achievement, not to mention democratic culture. Lists of the seven wonders of the ancient world were compiled by a number of Greek writers, most famously by Philon of Byzantium in The voting has already begun in earnest (nearly six million so far), and not in the places you might expect. Turkey, representing As the world tunes into CNN to relive the horror of last September in full multi-media regalia, it is refreshing to see one man turn the media machine in the other direction. A dose of wonder on the anniversary of horror might be just what the doctor ordered.

Cast your vote on temple was easily twice as large as the Parthenon in Athens and had sculpted baseson each of it's 127, 20 meter high columns philon of byzantium writes of the Geometry.Net - Scientists: Philon Of Byzantium Philon Of Byzantium: Daedalus attributes the notion to philon of byzantium, of the second century BC.)The vessel needs merely to anchor itself in a good magic aura, and it is well A Visit to Verdi Recently, my researches in Terram magicks led me down the course of Theophrastus' work on gems and minerals. Since the life that gems possess is normally extremely subtle and slow in nature, I experimentally researching a spell to speed the reproduction and development of gemstones in hopes of producing specimens of excellent magical properties. I decided that a proper test would require a fair number of gems of different types to support a breeding population. Since the Roman Tribunal offers an excellent price in silver for vis and the Aristeia can easily make eight hundred miles in a single day, I judged it expedient to make a quick trip to sell vis at Verdi, Domus Magnus of House Verditius, in the ten days between seasons.

My sodalis Corvus d'Arezzo of Jerbiton accompanied me, as he was also in need of cash. Finding the place itself was a bit tricky, given that the covenant is protected by The Shrouded Glen . Fortunately, Amurgsval is also so warded, and the tricks of paying attention to landmarks and so on are useful in both places. Still, if such directions were not made available to those stopping by Verdi's townhouse in Venice, the place would be very difficult to find. Verdi itself is an impressive covenant. It is located in a valley hidden in the eastern mountains of the island of Sardinia, off the western coast of Italy; it is not far from a well-concealed harbor on the Tyrrhenian Sea. The place appears to show considerable inspiration from the height of the Roman Empire. There is a small lake above the covenant that feeds an aqueduct which, in turn, provides running water for all the buildings of Verdi; the overflow spills down to reach the harbour a few miles away. 220BC philon of byzantium took the principals of pneumatics used bythe Egyptians to power many of his mechanical devises.

He was page.htm The following is a short description of the history of automata. It can be broken down into 3 rough time frames, Ancient History, 15th-19th Century and Modern times. ANCIENT HISTORY The first Automata was created by GOD. According to Talmundic tradition, Adam was created in 5 hours. In the first, his dust was gathered from all parts of the world; In the second, it was kneaded into a shapeless mass (Golem); In the third, his limbs were shaped; In the fourth, a soul was infused into him; In the fifth, he arose and stood on his feet. "And God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." Genesis. Chapter II. Mythology has many stories about automata, some a wild and fanciful, others may have been based on fact. We can not say for sure what is fact or fiction, so what follows is a description of some of the more exciting reference to mythological automata which are based on accounts from the Ancient Greeks.

Prometheus was reputed to have made the first man and women on earth, with clay animated by fire and stolen from heaven. flush toilet. A float regulator was used by philon of byzantium in250 to keep a constant level of oil in a lamp. During the first Reprinted by permission from Chapter 1: Introduction to Modern Control Theory, in: F.L. Lewis, Applied Optimal Control and Estimation, Prentice-Hall, 1992. A BRIEF HISTORY OF FEEDBACK CONTROL Contents A Brief History of Automatic Control Water Clocks of the Greeks and Arabs The Industrial Revolution The Birth of Mathematical Control Theory Differential Equations Mass Communication and The Bell Telephone System Frequency-Domain Analysis The World Wars and Classical Control Ship Control Weapons Development and Gun Pointing M.I.T.

Radiation Laboratory The Classical Period of Control Theory The Space/Computer Age and Modern Control Time-Domain Design For Nonlinear Systems Sputnik - 1957 Optimal Control and Estimation Theory Nonlinear Control Theory Computers in Controls Design and Implementation The Development of Digital Computers Digital Control and Filtering Theory The Personal Computer The Union of Modern and Classical Control The Philosophy of Classical Control The Philosophy of Modern Control References Outline In this chapter we introduce modern control theory by two approaches. First, a short history of automatic control theory is provided. Then, we describe the philosophies of classical and modern control theory. up the Seven Wonders of the World was compiled not by a single author, but over aperiod of time by writers such as Antipater of Sidon and philon of byzantium. The University of Liverpool Alumni Magazine October 2001 issue 123 The Eighth Wonder of the Ancient World? There are clearly many beautiful ancient ruins that are not included in the top seven, but how does one get to be an actual bone fide Wonder of the World? And if there were to be a number eight, what would it be?

The literary men who were the authors of the ancient world, liked nothing better that to show off their extensive knowledge with a good list, genealogy or similar classification of their own invention. The particular list of names that makes up the Seven Wonders of the World was compiled not by a single author, but over a period of time by writers such as Antipater of Sidon and Philon of Byzantium. There was general consent between the ancients on what the first six should be. Nobody's going to argue to the Great Pyramid, for example, are they? However, it was only at the end of the sixth century AD that a seventh wonder was agreed upon and the Lighthouse at Alexandria finally bumped the other contenders, the City Walls of Babylon and the Palace of Cyrus, out of the running. But if there were to be an eighth wonder, which of the many splendid buildings of the ancient world should it be? A hot contender in anyone's book would surely be the Oracle of Apollo at Didyma. poet named Antipater. Antipater was followed by others such as theGreek engineer and mathematician philon of byzantium.

It is not Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1998 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The Lighthouse of Alexandria. The Pyramids of Giza. Most people came name a few of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Learn about all of them, plus take a quick refresher course on Greek mythology, all at the same site! There are also crossword puzzles and other games once you no longer wonder about the wonders. Students Lisa Windsor High School CT, United States Katherine Windsor High School CT, United States Translate this page philon of byzantium, 1899.

Pneumatica, in Opera quae supersunt, edited by W.Schmidt, I, Leipzig, pp. 1-333. philon of byzantium, 1974. Pneumatica. Finmeccanica Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence, Italy Mechanical Marvels - Entrance Bibliography Adams N., 1984. "Architecture for fish: the Sienese dam on the Bruna river. Structures and design, 1468-ca.1530", Technology and culture , XXV, 4, pp. 768-97. Adams N., 1985. "The life and times of Pietro dell'Abaco, a Renaissance estimator from Siena (active 1457-1486)", , XLVIII, 1, pp. 384-95. Alberti L.B., 1966. L'architettura , edited by G. Orlandi, introduction and notes by P. Portoghesi, Milan. Angelini A., 1993.

"Senesi a Urbino", in Francesco di Giorgio , 19931, pp. 332-45. Angelucci A., 1869-1870. Documenti inediti per la storia delle armi da fuoco italiane... , 2 vols., Turin (facsim. ed. Graz 1972). Ascheri M., 1985. Siena nel Rinascimento. Istituzioni e sistema politico , Siena. Ascheri M., 1989. "Siena nel Quattrocento: una riconsiderazione", in K. Christiansen, L.B. Kanter, C. Brandonstrehlke, La pittura senese nel Rinascimento , Cinisello Balsamo, pp. xix-lvi. by W.

Schmidt; contains the Pneumatica and Automata, the fragment on Water Clocks,the De ingeniis spiritualibus of philon of byzantium and extracts on document.write(""); HEROD ANTIPAS HEROHEROD HERO, THE YOUNGER, the name given without any sufficient reason to a Byzantine land-surveyor who wrote (about A.D. 938) a treatise on land-surveying modelled on the works of Hero ol Alexandria, especially the Dioplra. See " Geodesic de Heron de Byzance," published by Vincent in Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliotheque Imperiale, xix. 2 (Paris, 1858), and T. H. Martin in Memoires presentes a I' Academie des Inscriptions, 1st series, iv. (Paris, 1854). HEROD, the name borne by the princes of a dynasty which reigned in Judaea from 40 B.C. HEROD (surnamed THE GREAT), the son of Antipater, who supported Hyrcanus II. against Aristobulus II.

with the aid firsi of the Nabataean Arabs and then of Rome. The family seems to have been of Idumaean origin, so that its members were liable to the reproach of being half-Jews or even foreigners. Justin Martyr has a tradition that they were originally Philistines of Ascalon (Dial. c. 52), and on the other hand Nicolaus of Damascus (apud Jos. Ant. xiv. i. 3) asserted that Herod, his royal patron, was descended from the Jews who first returned from the Babylonian Captivity. The tradition and the assertion are in all probability :qually fictitious and proceed respectively'from the foes and the 'riends of the Herodian dynasty. 48. Philon philon of byzantium. Born about 280 BC in Byzantium (now Turkey) Died about220 BC. Only a few references to philon of byzantium exist in the literature.

~algebra/history/history/Mathematicians/Philon.htm philon of byzantium once wrote about the great temple I have seen the wallsand Hanging Gardens of ancient Babylon, the statue of Olympian Zeus, the And gears were described by philon of byzantium in 300 BC to lift heavy weights.Gears were not found very much because they were rather difficult to make. ~akonstam/Witte/thousand/node2.html

Question: How do we better know a list compiled in ancient times by Antipater of Sidon and by an observer identified as Philo of Byzantium?
Answer: Seven Wonders of the Ancient World