Juan and Evita Peron, photo, biography Juan and Evita Peron Biography Juan and Evita Peron Dictator Juan Peron and his wife Evita - a former nightclub singer - many years ruled by Argentina. Under the guise of good intentions, they robbed millions of people, led the country to the edge of bankruptcy. And all this was done ostensibly in the name of the Argentine people ". It was a strange and seemingly incompatible couple: a singer with a dubious reputation and ambitious army colonel. But they have long determined the course of Latin American politics, and to this day the Argentines commemorate their bad word. Musical Evdryu Weber's "Evita" was not the sole reason that Eva Duarte, the passion of the Argentine dictator, has become notorious. In a country where Peronism became almost a religion, Juan and Eviga were demi-gods who are worshiped and hated. People without a conscience and principles, they shamelessly misappropriated millions from the national treasury, raising them to their personal accounts in a Swiss bank. During the Second World War, they supported the fascist movement in Europe, strangled the opposition press, persecuted progressive religious figures.

Peronism in fact turned out to be well-organized robbery of the State. Before coming to power of Peron's Argentina was one of the richest countries in the world. After his country has become bankrupt. Juan Domingo Peron was born in 1895 in a poor immigrant family. He rose through the ranks thanks to the zeal and abilities. Outwardly charming, athletic man in his heart he was a coward and a scoundrel. Peron dreamed of a loud glory, and many of his absurd economic reforms were carried out for the sake of applause from the crowd. Until 1943, when a military coup, Argentina was under the rule of President Ramon Castillo. Anti-government conspiracy led by army officers, united in a secret society of "Young Eagles". Among them was Colonel Peron. Ashifashistskaya position of President irritated the military, among whom were many officers of Italian origin, worshiped Mussolini. During the coup Peron served in the military and was considered one of the most ardent pro-fascist-minded officers. The new authorities, he was appointed to high office in the Ministry of Labor, created by the military junta. The labor movement in Argentina has traditionally controlled trade unions.

Peron decided to merge the job in one paramilitary alliance, which would be dominated by totalitarian order, which he admired during a trip to Nazi Germany and fascist Italy. Peron used all his charm to win over trade union leaders, to create a working image in the eyes of the "elder brother", which seeks to facilitate their economic and social situation. A few months ago these same people he called the communist scum and dregs of society. But on the eve of the elections had to get a mandate from the people trust, and Peron was sure that flattery - the best way to get votes. He made sure that the negotiations on wages between workers and employers passed through his office. Peron was profitable bribes from union bosses and business owners secretly diverted to his bank account in Switzerland. Peron introduced paid holidays, surcharges for Christmas and other benefits. While the workers welcomed these short-term measures, businessmen complained of the loss of control levers, and the unions obediently followed the government policy. Both were victims of attempts to enter the regime of Juan Peron's military dictatorship, based on the support of the masses. As in Europe crumbled dictatorships, which so delighted with the Argentine military in the country was spreading movement in defense of democracy.

In August 1945, was lifted a state of emergency imposed during the war. The following month, on the streets of the Argentine capital was half a million demonstration. Citizens demanded respect for human rights. This frightened the government and sparked a wave of arrests. And when the war among themselves provoked controversy and the view of many of them coincided with the position of workers, Peron decided it was time to climb to the summit of power. He spoke on the radio, urging workers to take decisive action ". This bold, but demagogic appeal over arrest on charges of calling for civil unrest and the conclusion of the future president into custody. When Peron was arrested, his mistress, Eva Duarte fiercely fought with the soldiers, shouting curses, while the colonel himself offered no resistance. Eva staged a rally in support of Peron, resorting to the help of trade unions, which he took care. Riots in the streets of Buenos Aires, lasted two days. In the end, the military gave way, and Peron was released. The political status of the disgraced Colonel rose as never.

Realizing that his dream of a neo-fascist workers 'militia will not come true, Juan Peron has resigned and acted as the leader of a new workers' party. The first step towards the Peron dictatorship was the elimination of trade unions shoemaker and textile workers who refused to submit to totalitarian principles of the trade union movement. Within six months from the rebellious leaders of the labor movement was over, and the defeated leaders expelled. To get credibility in the upcoming presidential elections, Peron was needed as a victory over the Catholic hierarchy, especially when you consider that the Church has publicly denounced his relationship with Eva Duarte. He divorced his wife, hoping to marry Evita, who was younger than his 24 years. In 1945, Peron finally managed to convince the church, which at that time did not recognize divorce, to make an exception for him and bless the marriage with Evita. In 1946, Peron realized his dream in the presidential elections in Argentina. In the struggle for power, he enlisted the support of workers. The country was ready to accept a new leader. He came to power on a wave of high expectations and hopes.

Rich in natural resources, Argentina has used the war that raged far from its borders, to strengthen its economy. Business flourished, and the banks have accumulated huge amounts of money. "Undoubtedly, Peron extremely poorly managed system - wrote the British historian Ferns in his fundamental study" Argentina ". - How naughty child, he wanted to have everything. He has shown himself incapable of making choices and setting priorities, which are necessary for the functioning of any economic system. He urged the society to believe in a speedy and complete prosperity. But nobody could have imagined what awaits the country in reality ". The materials for the study of Argentina's John Simpson and Jane Bennet said: "It was a peculiar form of philanthropy Peron. He made the working class to feel their dignity and their importance in the national life of Argentina. The problem was not to give power to the working class and to bribe him and hand over power Peron ". Perverse ideas of socialism tied workers and employers to a totalitarian state, which openly trampled democracy. Peron spent huge sums of public money for the nationalization of dilapidated railways. He became a master of the promises that were never executed, the favorite of the workers who never received a position from the state.

In an effort to bribe the social rank and file, PerпїЅпїЅn established for them generous benefits. This later led Argentina's economic collapse, the consequences of which persist to this day. By 1949, inflation has eaten peronovskie plans. Protested utterly impoverished workers. Peron responded harshly, arresting dissidents, persecuting the clergy. Was adopted draconian law that for insulting the president and government officials should have severe punishment. Newspapers, criticized PerпїЅпїЅn and Evita were closed. For example, the influential and the once popular "La Prensa" was turned into a shout tamed government unions. Ewa in the years to actively withdraw money from businessmen and landowners, by investing heavily in what was called the largest in history "vzyatochnym" Fund. Was used to bribe influential persons and a widely-publicized charitable campaigns. Eva really helped to build schools and educate children, feed the hungry and opened shelters for homeless. However, the huge amount of money collected was distributed by people who answered only to her. Its emissaries traveled to all factories, shops, construction sites, to collect contributions, which demanded a new Cleopatra.

Enterprises, they have not made money voluntarily, immediately shut down as unprofitable. According to experts, Evita stole from the fund 100 million dollars and placed them in secret accounts in Swiss banks. Fund, which was created as a society, supported by voluntary contributions, soon began to resemble a mafia organization. Eva strongly demanded payment from each worker, who received a promotion, from each employer, who stated that he needed government support. Every possible source of funding was thoroughly "milked", so that the broadcast of recognition of the First Lady in the love of "ordinary people" were nothing more than a myth. It was not gentle and graceful woman, as she tried to look around. "First Lady" confidently relied on the power of the army and police. Consumables it amounts have been directly linked to the interests and needs of the dictatorial regime. More money, less love Author of the book "Eva Peron" John Barnes said that after her death, investigators found $ 14 million in cash and jewelry, which she simply forgot. Undoubtedly, much of it was stolen from the so-called "fund of Eva Peron".

"Love people entertain me" - Evita flowed to reporters, while huge amounts of unchecked and unaccounted for money deposited into her bank account. Entire government agencies have worked almost round the clock to maintain the "fund" these invisible money. At the governmental level, the country's president bribed politicians, so they sent millions of dollars of public funds in its organization. So far, no one knows exactly how many Peron stole Argentina. But the sum of the hundreds of millions of dollars. Eva was just as greedy as it is vain. Newspapers that have not paid adequate attention to its magnificent balls and distinguished guests, suddenly found that the paper stock and replenish their depleted nothing. Win cheap popularity among the lower social strata, it was never accepted in high society. Revenge of the First Lady snobbish elites knew no bounds. Once she was well paid, a fish trader for the fact that it is situated near the famous aristocratic club in Buenos Aires and sold here during the hot summer.

And when some union boss had been so careless with something to say that Evita would be better to dispose of the kitchen, than to meddle with politics, "first lady" has ordered the arrest of a freethinker, and instill in him respect for authority, an electric current. Another "heretic" by the name of Victor Belardo was arrested because they said in a radio interview about his agreement to give all his savings to charity, provided that they are not absorbed by the "Fund Evita". Peron accumulated many millions of income generated from import-export licenses. Entrepreneurs literally showered them with bribes to be able to trade with the outside world. Eva was a consummate organizer of self. Once the wife of President invited the women and children from across the country, to young Argentines received from her gifts: they say, Eva for all children - her children. Police later had to break up the multitudes, and at least two mothers returned home without their children, killed in stampede.

In 1951, the political power of Juan and Evita shaken, but the slogan put forward by Peron and appeal to the workers: "Live now - pay later" - even provide them with support of Argentine society. However, the elections in 1951, when Peron invited to elect a vice-president of his wife, both were disappointed. Despite the fact that many still believed in the goodness Evita, it was nevertheless too. The idea that power-hungry beauty can officially become the second person in the state, shiver military, whose support cherished president. Did not suit this alignment of forces and workers. The walls started mocking slogan: "Long live Peron, a widower!" Other works "wall painting" Evita portrayed in the nude, striding, like Gulliver, through the mass of the Lilliputians. Juan Peron had yielded to pressure the church and the military, and his wife's name does not appear on the ballot. Shortly before the next presidential elections, which Peron was afraid to lose, was another attempt of military coup, the dictator crushed. The victory in the October elections he was provided.

Indeed, PerпїЅпїЅn received 62 percent of the vote - far more than in 1946. People still believed in the promise of a totalitarian regime "bright future". The following year the first national drama ended suddenly sad event: Evita died of cancer. She was only thirty-three years. On the eve of President's wife made a trip around the world, attracting the hearts and minds of the inhabitants of different continents to their country. Nevertheless, the untimely death prevented the fall in its popularity in the eyes of fellow. After retiring from the life, . Evita remained in the memory of their devastated admirers beautiful lady in furs and diamonds, . not power-loving wife of dictator, . which is not without its help deprived people of their wealth, . led the nation on the edge of bankruptcy, . forcing innocent victims to groan under torture in filthy jails, . Soon the economic situation in the country deteriorated sharply. King became naked in front of his former fans, forced to bear the burden of inflation and the growing terror of the secret police.

Moreover, the Catholic Church - the traditional source of inspiration and philanthropy in the country - felt the deterioration of the situation, losing a place in society because of the "fund" Evigy Peron. University faculty reinforced semi-literate dropout who received the prestigious post of corrupt officials for taking bribes. Detachments of Peron's personal guards looted wealth of National Library and Museum of Fine Arts in Buenos Aires, where the unique exhibits moved into the home collection of dictator. In 1955, the aircraft rebels, supported by the military, attacked the presidential palace. The bombs missed their target but killed hundreds of civilians. Armed gangs took to the streets, looting shops, offices and even churches. The army garrison in Cordoba rose against the President. PerпїЅпїЅn hastily fled the country and on board the Paraguayan gunboat went into exile. Aladdin's Cave After the flight of the dictator Argentines were allowed to see how they actually lived Evita. For the general public portals opened its amazing palace. "It was a spectacle that would have overshadowed the Aladdin's Cave" - wrote the correspondent of the Daily Express, once visited untold wealth of the deceased wife of Argentine ex-president.

Glass shelf tier for tier reflect the brilliance exhibited treasures, which were estimated at two million pounds sterling. A little farther twinkled and flashed the diamonds the size of almost a pigeon's egg. The collar is encrusted with precious stones, was as thick as five centimeters. I saw at least four dresses - all great style and all the insanely expensive. And experts estimate that Evita had so many pairs of shoes that they would be enough for four years. All jewelry, clothing and paintings, believed to be - is only part of what Peron and his wife purchased in less than ten years in power. The Government believes that most of the wealth they have flown to Switzerland. PerпїЅпїЅn once said: "The only treasure that I ever gave my wife, it was a wedding ring". These events, find them anywhere else in the world, and not in Latin America, and that would have ended. However, in 1973, after nearly two decades of exile, PerпїЅпїЅn returned to power with his third wife. Because of the nostalgia for the good old days, which, incidentally, never been, people welcomed the man who made a fantastic career, playing with the workers.

Many of them never realized that Peron played marked cards. In 1974, aged Argentine dictator died, passing the reins of Isabel Peron, whom he married in sixty-five years. The scale of corruption, it has surpassed both - and her husband, and his previous wife. Arrested in 1976 after the dismissal from office, Isabelita was accused of stealing millions of dollars intended for charitable purposes. Accused of embezzling money and using state property for private gain, Isabelita was imprisoned and came out in 1981, after serving two-thirds of schedule. Despite all this, the name of Peron still nostalgic for the Argentines, many of which are now routinely say that "strong" means "fair." User comments graybarn1 for Juan and Evita Peron My comment: Short and sweet.MAS ESTIERCOL VACA.VIVA EVITA Write comment Juan Perón - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!

Juan Perón Military Juan Domingo Perón ( October 8 , 1895 – July 1 , 1974 ) was an Argentine soldier and politician, elected three times as President of Argentina and serving from 1946 to 1955 and from 1973 to 1974 . Perón and his wife Eva were immensely popular among a portion of the Argentine people and still considered iconic figures by followers of the Peronist Party . Perón followers lauded his efforts to eliminate poverty and to dignify labor, while his detractors considered him a demagogue and a dictator . He started the political movement known as Peronism , still popular in Argentina to this day, which professes to be a third way between capitalism and socialism . Contents 10 References [ edit ] Childhood and youth Perón was born in a town near Lobos , Province of Buenos Aires . He was the son of Mario Tomás Perón, a farmer whose family was of partial Scottish and rumored Italian origin, and Juana Sosa, who is believed to have been of mixed Spanish and American Indian descent.

According to research done by the Argentine conservative journalist and writer Tomas Eloy Martinez and reported in his books "Memoirs of the General" and "The Perón Novel" Perón was probably illegitimate. When his parents finally married they acknowledged Juan and his brother. It is believed this information was kept hidden and denied for years because it would have likely ruined Perón's career had it been known. Perón received a strict Catholic upbringing. He entered the Military School at age 16, and following graduation he made good progress through the ranks. In 1938 he was sent by the Army to Italy , France , Spain , Germany , Hungary , Albania and Yugoslavia as a military observer, during which time he became familiar with the government of Benito Mussolini and other European governments of the time. [ edit ] Military government of 1943-1946 In May 1943, as a colonel , he was a significant figure in the military coup by the GOU ( United Officers' Group ), a secret society, against the conservative civilian government of Ramón Castillo .

Initially secretary to Secretary of War General Edelmiro Farrell , under the administration of General Pedro Ramírez , he later became the head of the then-insignificant Department of Labor . Demonstration for Perón's release, on October 17th, 1945. Perón's growing power and influence during the military government came from his alliance with a sector of the Argentine labor unions , mainly with the socialist and syndicalist movements. After the coup, one part of the workers' movement, mainly the socialist part from the labor union CGT Nº1, decided to make contact with Colonels Perón and Mercante through the mercantile labor leader Borlenghi and through the railroad union lawyer Bramuglia . Their conversations established an initial alliance to promote labor laws that had long been demanded by the workers' movement, strengthen the unions, and transform the Department of Labor into an important government office. He became Vice President and Secretary of War under General Edelmiro Farrell (February 1944).

Forced into resignation by opponents within the armed forces on October 9 , 1945 , Perón was arrested, but mass demonstrations organized by the CGT trade union federation forced his release ( October 17 ). [ edit ] Election as president and first term (1946-1952) Perón leveraged his popular support into victory in the February 24 , 1946 presidential elections . Once in office, Perón pursued social policies aimed at empowering the working class. He greatly expanded the number of unionized workers, and helped establish the powerful General Confederation of Labour (CGT) , created in 1930. He called this the "third position", between capitalism and communism. Perón also pushed hard to industrialize the country; in 1947 he announced the first five-year plan to boost newly nationalized industries. His ideology would be dubbed Peronism and became a central influence in Argentine political parties. Among middle and upper class Argentines, the improvement of the laborers' situation was a source of resentment; negative feelings abounded towards the new industrial workers from rural areas, who had formerly been treated as servants.

It was common for better-off Argentines to refer to these workers using negative epithets like "black heads" (cabecitas negras, the name of a like bird), "fats" ("grasas"), "un-shirted" ("descamisados", conveying the idea that they "took off their jackets and/or shirts"), and the radical deputy Ernesto Sammartino said that the people who vote for Perón were a "zoological flood" ("aluvión zoológico"). [1] In the 1940s the middle- and upper-class students were the first group to oppose Peronist workers, using the slogan: " peon -footwear [=espadrilles] dictatorship, NO!" ("No a la dictadura de las alpargatas"). Another famous graffitto revealing the strong opposition between Peronists and anti-Peronists appeared in high-class districts in the 1950s saying, "Long live cancer!" (¡Viva el cáncer!), when Eva Perón was dying of cancer.

[2] Weiss (2005, p.45) recalls events related to the universities: As a young student in Buenos Aires in the early 1950s, I well remember the graffiti found in many an empty wall all over town: "Build the Fatherland. Kill a Student" (Haga patria, mate un estudiante). [Perón] was also against the universities, who questioned his methods and his goals. A well-remembered slogan runs, Alpargatas sí, libros no (" peon footwear [=espadrilles] yes, books no"). Universities were [then] "intervened". In some, a Peronista mediocrity was appointed rector. Others were closed for years. Between 1947 and 1950, Argentina manufactured two advanced jet aircraft called Pulqui I (designed by the Argentinean engineers Cardehilac, Morchio and Ricciardi with the French Emile Dewoitine ), and Pulqui II designed by Kurt Tank . In the main test flights the planes were flown by Argentine Lieutenant Edmundo Osvaldo Weiss and Kurt Tank himself, reaching 1000 km/h with the Pulqui II.

Argentina continued experimenting the Pulqui II until 1959; during that time two pilots lost their lives [3] . The Pulqui project opened the door to develop two successful Argentinean planes: I.A.58"Pucara and the I.A.63'Pampa manufactured at the Aircraft Factory of Córdoba [4] . In 1951, Perón announced that the Huemul Project would produce nuclear fusion before any other country. In charge of the project was a swindling Austrian of German origin, Ronald Richter , who had been recommended by Kurt Tank who was expecting to power his aircraft with Richter's invention. Perón announced that the energy produced by Richter would be delivered in milk-bottle sized containers. Success of the project was announced in 1951, but no proof was shown. On 1952 Perón appointed a scientific team to investigate Richter's activities. The reports by José Antonio Balseiro , and Mario Báncora revealed that the project was a fraud.

After that, the assets of the Huemul Project were transferred to the Centro Atómico Bariloche (CAB) of the Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) and to the physics institute of the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo which was later named Instituto Balseiro (IB). Argentina became a leading haven for Nazi war criminals, like Erich Priebke who arrived in Argentina in 1947, Josef Mengele who arrived in 1949 and Adolf Eichmann in 1950 (his last words were "long live Argentina" [5] ). As well, many members of the notorious Croatian Ustashe took refuge in Argentina during this period. [6] . Beginning with the United States, then the USSR and other countries, Argentina also welcomed displaced German technicians such as Tank and Richter. [ edit ] The second term (1952-1955) Perón won re-election in 1951. During his second term Perón's administration faced serious economic problems. Perón called employers and unions to a Productivity Congress with the aim of regulating social conflict through social dialogue, but the congress failed and a deal was not possible.

At the same time Perón signed a contract with an American oil company, Standard Oil of California, on May 1955, opening an economic policy of development with the help of foreign industrial investments. The radical party leader, Arturo Frondizi , considered it to be an anti-Argentinean decision, but three years later he himself signed several contracts with foreign oil companies. During the second term several terrorist acts were committed against civilian targets. On April 15 , 1953 , a terrorist group detonated two bombs in a public rally at Plaza de Mayo , killing 7 citizens and injuring 95. On June 15 , 1955 , a failed coup d'état by anti-Peronists used navy aircraft to bomb Peronists at Plaza de Mayo , killing 364 citizens. This barbaric act is considered a prelude to the dirty war in Argentina between 1976 and 1983. In 1954, the Roman Catholic Church , which supported Perón's government up to that year, confronted Perón because of the enactment of the divorce law, among other reasons.

On September 16 , 1955 , a fascist-Catholic group of both the Army and Navy made a definitive coup d'état, taking power under the name of Revolución Libertadora . The military regime accused Peronist leaders of corruption, but no one was prosecuted. [ edit ] Marriages and exile (1955-1973) Perón married Aurelia Tizón on January 5 , 1929 , but she died of cervical cancer nine years later. On October 21 , 1945 Perón married Eva Duarte (1919–1952), who became hugely popular. Known as Evita, she helped her husband develop support with labor and women's groups. Eva Perón died of cervical cancer in 1952 at the age of thirty-three. [7] After the military coup, Perón went into exile in Paraguay . Later he lived in Panama , where he met nightclub bolero singer María Estela Martínez . Eventually settling in Madrid, Spain , he married her there in 1961. She became better known as Isabel . Peronism was banned and Peronists were persecuted.

In Argentina, the 1950s and 1960s were marked by frequent coups d'état in addition to low economic growth in the 1950s and some of the highest growth rates in the world in the 1960s (Gerchunoff et al, 309-321). Argentina also faced problems of continued social and labour demands. During those years poverty almost disappeared, with rates between 2% and 5% in the first years of the 1960s (INDEC). Argentine painter Antonio Berni 's works reflect the social tragedies of these times. In particular, Berni dealt with life hardships in the villas miseria (shanty towns) through his series Juanito Laguna, a slum child, and Ramona Montiel, a prostitute. When the governments failed to revive the economy and suppress escalating terrorism from groups like the Catholic-pro-Perón Montoneros , marxist ERP , and rightist militaries, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the way was open for Perón's return.

General Alejandro Lanusse had taken power in March 1971 and had declared his intention to restore constitutional democracy by 1973. From exile Perón supported conservative radicals as Ricardo Balbín , Catholic-left-wing Peronists and the more active unions. [ edit ] The third term (1973-1974) On March 11 , 1973 , general elections were held. Perón was banned from running, but a stand-in candidate, Héctor Cámpora , was elected and took office on May 25 . On June 20 , 1973 , Perón returned from an 18-year exile in Spain. A crowd of left-wing Peronists had came at the Ezeiza airport in Buenos Aires to acclaim him. The police counted three and half million people. Perón came accompanied by Cámpora, whose first measure had been to amnesty all political prisoners and to reestablish relations with Cuba, helping Castro break the American embargo . This, and his social policies, had also earned him the opposition of the right-wing Peronists.

From Perón's tribune, camouflaged snipers, including members of the Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance , opened fire on the crowd. The left-wing Peronist Youth and the Montoneros had been trapped. At least 13 people were killed (who have been identified), and 365 injured during this episode, which became known as the Ezeiza massacre . [8] Cámpora resigned in July 1973, paving the way for new elections, this time with Perón's participation. Argentina had by this time reached a peak of instability, and Perón was viewed by many as the country's only hope for prosperity and salvation. UCR's leader Ricardo Balbín and Perón considered a Peronist-Radical joint government, but internal opposition in both parties made this impossible. Perón's overwhelming victory (62% of the vote), returned him to the presidency. In October 1973 he began his third term, with Isabel , his wife, as Vice President. Perón's third term was marked by an escalating conflict between the Peronist left- and right-wing factions.

This turmoil was fueled primarily by Perón's growing ties with conservative Radical Party leader Ricardo Balbín, who the opposition led by Raúl Alfonsín considered a right-wing radical. Neither the Montoneros nor the Marxist ERP were pleased by Perón's actions. The latter turned to terrorist activities. Montoneros kidnapped and murdered former president Pedro Eugenio Aramburu . These actions were used by Perón's Welfare Minister, José López Rega , as justification for the creation of the Triple A ( Argentine Anticommunist Alliance ), a para-policial organization which engaged in terrorism and massive political repression against citizens suspected of left-wing sympathies. Nicknamed El Brujo ("The Wizard") because of his belief in black magic and the occult, López Rega was a religious mystic with little knowledge of government and economics. He was decidely anti-liberal and authoritarian, opposed to an open culture and free markets. Perón died on July 1 , 1974 recommending that his wife, Isabel, rely on Balbín for support. At the president's burial Balbín uttered a historic phrase, "This old adversary bids farewell to a friend".

Isabel Perón succeeded her husband to the presidency, but proved thoroughly incapable of managing the country's mounting political and economic problems, the violent left-wing insurgency and the reaction of the extreme right. Ignoring her late husband's advice, Isabel granted Balbín no role in her new government, instead granting broad powers to López Rega. Isabel Perón's term was ended abruptly on March 24 , 1976 by a military coup d'état. A military junta , headed by General Jorge Videla took control of the country, starting the self-styled National Reorganization Process . The junta combined a widespread persecution of political dissidents with the use of state terrorism . The final death toll rose to thousands (no less than 9,000, with human rights organizations claiming it was closer to 30,000). Most of this number is accounted for by "the disappeared " (desaparecidos), people kidnapped and executed without trial and without record. [ edit ] Perón's corpse Perón was buried in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires . In 1987 his tomb was defaced, and the hands of his corpse were stolen.

Those responsible have never been found but some say it was palo alto. On 17 October 2006 his body was moved to a new mausoleum in the Buenos Aires suburb of San Vicente , his former summer residence, which was rebuilt as a museum. Dozens of people were injured in riots, as trade unions affiliated to the Peronist movement fought over access to the ceremony. The police were able to contain the violence enough for the procession to move to the mausoleum. [9] [10] [ edit ] Footnotes ^ Quoted by Hugo Gambini in his book "Historia del peronismo" Sammartino said that phrase at the Parliament on June, 1947; he textually said, in Spanish: "El aluvión zoológico del 24 de febrero parece haber arrojado a algún diputado a su banca, para que desde ella maúlle a los astros por una dieta de 2.500 pesos. Que siga maullando, que a mí no me molesta.

.." Biography of Juan Domingo Peron of Argentina By Christopher Minster Juan Domingo Peron, Giant of Argentine Politics: Juan Domingo Peron (1895-1974) was an Argentine General and diplomat who was elected to serve as President of Argentina on three occasions (1946, 1951 and 1973). An extraordinarily skilled politician, he had millions of supporters even during his years of exile (1955-1973). His policies were mostly populist and tended to favor the working classes, who embraced him and made him without question the most influential Argentine politician of the 20th Century. Eva "Evita" Duarte de Peron , his second wife, was an important factor in his success and influence. Early Life of Juan Domingo Perón: Although he was born near Buenos Aires , Juan spent much of his youth in the harsh region of Patagonia with his family as his father tried his hand at various activities including ranching. At the age of 16 he entered the military academy and joined the army afterwards, deciding on the path of a career soldier.

continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance He served in the infantry branch of the services, as opposed to the cavalry, which was for children of wealthy families. He married his first wife, Aurelia Tizón, in 1929, but she died in 1937 of uterine cancer. Tour of Europe: By the late 1930's, Lieutenant Colonel Perón was an influential officer in the Argentine Army. Argentina did not go to war during Perón's lifetime: all of his promotions were during times of peace, and he owed his rise to his political skills as much as his military abilities. In 1938 he went to Europe as a military observer and visited Italy, Spain, France and Germany in addition to a few other nations. During his time in Italy, he became a fan of the style and rhetoric of Benito Mussolini , whom he greatly admired. He got out of Europe just ahead of World War Two and returned to a nation in chaos. Peron’s rise to power, 1941-1946: Political chaos in the 1940’s afforded the ambitious, charismatic Peron the opportunity to advance.

As a Colonel in 1943, he was among the plotters who supported General Edelmiro Farrell’s coup against President Ramón Castillo and was rewarded with the posts of Secretary of War and then Secretary of Labor. As Secretary of Labor, he made liberal reforms that endeared him to the Argentine working class. By 1944-1945 he was Vice President of Argentina under Farrell. In October 1945, conservative foes tried to muscle him out, but mass protests, led by his new wife Evita, forced the military to restore him to his office. Juan Domingo and Evita: Juan had met Eva Duarte , a singer and actress, while both were doing relief for a 1944 earthquake. They married in October, 1945, after Evita led protests among Argentina’s working classes to free Perón from prison. During his time in office, Evita became an invaluable asset. Her empathy for and connection with Argentina’s poor and down trodden was unprecedented: on her death in 1952 the Pope received thousands of letters demanding her elevation to saint.

She started important social programs for the poorest Argentines, promoted women's suffrage and personally handed out cash in the streets to the needy. Peron’s First Term, 1946-1951: Perón proved to be an able administrator during his first term. His goals were increased employment and economic growth, international sovereignty and social justice. He nationalized banks and railways, centralized the grain industry and raised worker wages. He put a time limit on daily hours worked and instituted a mandatory Sundays-off policy for most jobs. He paid off foreign debts and built many public works such as schools and hospitals. Internationally, he declared a “third way” between the Cold War powers and managed to have good diplomatic relations with both the United States and the Soviet Union . Peron’s Second Term, 1951-1955: Peron’s problems began in his second term. Evita passed away in 1952. The economy stagnated, and the working class began to lose faith in Peron. His opposition, mostly conservatives who disapproved of his economic and social policies, began to get bolder. After attempting to legalize prostitution and divorce, he was excommunicated.

When he held a rally in protest, opponents in the military launched a coup which included the Air Force bombing the Plaza de Mayo during the protest, killing almost 400. On September 16, 1955, military leaders seized power in Cordoba, and were able to drive Peron out on the 19th. Peron in exile, 1955-1973: Peron spent the next 18 years in exile, mainly in Venezuela and Spain. Despite the fact that the new government made any support of Perón illegal (including even saying his name in public) Perón maintained great influence over Argentine politics from exile, and candidates he supported frequently won elections. Many politicians came to see him, and he welcomed them all. A skillful politician, he managed to convince both liberals and conservatives that he was their best choice and by 1973 millions were clamoring for him to return. Return to power, 1973-1974: In 1973, Héctor Cámpora, a stand-in for Perón, was elected President.

When Perón flew in from Spain on June 20, more than three million people turned up at Ezeiza airport to welcome him back. It turned to tragedy, however, when right-wing Peronists opened fire on left-wing Peronists known as Montoneros, killing at least 13 . Perón was easily elected when Cámpora stepped down. Right- and left-wing Peronist organizations fought openly for power. Ever the slick politician, he managed to keep a lid on the violence for a time, but he died of a heart attack on July 1, 1974, after only about a year back in power. Juan Domingo Perón’s legacy: It's impossible to overstate Perón's legacy in Argentina: in terms of impact, he's right up there with names like Fidel Castro and Hugo Chavez . His brand of politics even has its own name: Peronism. Peronism survives today in Argentina as a legitimate political philosophy which incorporates nationalism, international political independence and a strong government. Cristina Kirchner, current President of Argentina, is a member of the Justicialist party, which is an offshoot of Peronism.

Like every political leader, Perón had his ups and downs and left a mixed legacy. On the plus side, some of his accomplishments were impressive: he increased basic rights for workers, vastly improved the infrastructure (particularly in terms of electrical power) and modernized the economy. He was a skillful politician who was on good terms with both the east and the west during the cold war. One good example of Peron's political skills can be seen in his relations with the Jews in Argentina. Peron closed the doors to Jewish immigration during and after World War Two . Every now and then, however, he would make a public, magnanimous gesture, such as when he allowed a boatload of Holocaust survivors to enter Argentina. He got good press for these gestures, but never changed the policies themselves. He also allowed hundreds of Nazi war criminals to find safe haven in Argentina after World War Two, making him surely one of the only people in the world who managed to stay on good terms with Jews AND Nazis at the same time. He also had his critics, however. The economy eventually stagnated under his rule, particularly in terms of agriculture. He doubled the size of the state bureaucracy, placing further strain on the national economy.

He had autocratic tendencies and would crack down on opposition from the left or the right if it suited him. During his time in exile, his promises to liberals and conservatives alike created hopes for his return that he could not deliver: his selection of his inept third wife as his Vice-President had disastrous consequences after she assumed the presidency upon his death, as her incompetence encouraged Argentine Generals to seize power and kick off the bloodshed and repression of the Dirty War. Sources: Alvarez, Garcia, Marcos. Líderes políticos del siglo XX en América Latina. Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2007. Rock, David. Argentina 1516-1987: From Spanish Colonization to Alfonsín. Berkeley: the University of California Press, 1987 Peron - definition of Peron by The Free Dictionary Peron - definition of Peron by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Pe·rón (pə-rōn′, pĕ-), Juan Domingo 1895-1974.

Argentine soldier and president (1946-1955 and 1973-1974). His second wife, (Maria) Eva Duarte de Perón (1919-1952), known as "Evita," was popular for her charitable works. Perón was succeeded in office by his third wife, Maria Estela Martínez de Perón (born 1931), known as "Isabelita," who was ousted by the military in 1976. Perón (Spanish peˈrɔn) n 1. (Biography) Juan Domingo (xwan doˈmɪnɡo). 1895–1974, Argentine soldier and statesman; dictator (1946–55). He was deposed in 1955, remaining in exile until 1973, when he was elected president (1973–74) 2. (Biography) his third wife, María Estella (maˈria esˈteʎa), known as Isabel.

born 1931, president of Argentina (1974–76); deposed 3. (Biography) (María) Eva (Duarte) de Perón (ˈeβa), known as Evita. Second wife of Juan Domingo Perón. 1919–52, Argentine film actress: active in politics and social welfare (1946–52) Peˈronist n, adj Juan Peron Juan Peron Posted on 09/09/2004 10:55:26 PM PDT by Ptarmigan Juan Peron was an Argentinian president who was a dictator who Fascist tendencies from 1946-1955 and 1972-1974, when he died. He was a soldier originally who in a coup became Secretary of Labor in 1943, then he went to prison, because some military personals feared he was getting powerful in 1945, which he goes to jail. Then in October 17th, a large rally occurs calling for the release of Juan Peron, which he is released.

He marries Maria Eva Duarte, who becomes Evita Peron. This was Juan Peron's second marriage. His first wife died of cancer. He is elected in 1945 in landslide. He gets support from urban workers and the poor. Also, he nationalizes industry, in which government controls it. Almost every aspect of Argentina's economy is centralized under him, which there are accusation of him being a Fascist and possibly a Nazis. Juan Peron got his idea of Fascism when in Italy, when he was stationed there in the 1930s and liked the system. Also, Juan Peron learned German to read Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kempf" in its originaloty. Evita Peron spoke to woman and was charismatic and got woman to vote which helped Juan Peron win. Women in Argentina were granted the right to vote, but Evita was not a feminist. Then economy falls apart and corruption runs rampant. Also, Evita dies in 1952 from cancer. He is overthrown by the military. There was an attempt to overthrow Juan Peron in 1949 by General Alejandro Lanusse, who went to prison until 1955.

Lanusse lets Juan Peron back to Argentina when he is president from 1971-1973. Juan Peron was a dictator and called for separation of church and state, which got him overthrown after the military told him to either step down or face a civil war. He had no will for war, so he left in 1955, then went to Paraguay in exile, which was under Alfredo Stroessner. He also married Isabel Peron, his third wife and went to Spain. Juan Peron was a dictator. Juan and Evita Peron helped, gave shelter, and harbored thousands Nazis war criminals, like Adolf Eichmann, Josef Mengele, Klaus Barbie, and Ante Pavelic. Eichmann is the engineer of the Holocaust. Mengele is the Nazis scientist at Auschwitz who did hideous experiments on people. Barbie is the Butcher of Lyon. Pavelic is the leader of the Ustashi known for their barbaricness. This explains why Nazis monsters ended up in Argentina and South America. Juan Peron wanted to help the Nazis, because he wanted their money and assets, technology, and also he had sympathy with the Nazis.

Evita Peron went to Europe to help Nazis flee and take their assets and put them in Swiss bank accounts, which Juan Peron had tried to access, but couldn't. Evita Peron was good friends with Otto Skorzeny who operated ODESSA, which helped Nazis escape justice and helped Mussolini escape in Italy. He was also Evita's personal bodyguard. Juan and Evita Peron are still revered to this day in Argentina. Some see Evita as a saint and advocate, while others as a whore and dictator, like Juan Peron. Juan Peron - New World Encyclopedia Juan Peron June 4, 1946 – September 21, 1955 October 12, 1973 - July 1, 1974 Vice President(s) María Eva Duarte de Perón (died 1952) María Estela Martínez de Perón (married 1961) Profession Military Juan Domingo Perón (October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an Argentine soldier and politician, elected three times as president of Argentina.

He served from 1946 to 1955 and again from 1973 to 1974. Contents 11 Credits Perón and his wife Eva were immensely popular among a portion of the Argentine people and are still iconic figures by followers of the Peronist Party. Perón followers lauded his efforts to eliminate poverty and to dignify labor, while his detractors considered him a demagogue and a dictator. He started the political movement known as Peronism, still popular in Argentina to this day, which professes to be a third way between capitalism and socialism . He is one of the most controversial presidents of Argentina, in part because of his direct involvement in harboring Nazi fugitives fleeing prosecution after World War II . Childhood and youth Perón was born to a lower-middle class family in a town near Lobos, Province of Buenos Aires in 1895. He received a strict Catholic upbringing. He entered military school at 16 and made somewhat better than average progress through the officer ranks. A strongly built six-foot-tall youth, Perón became the champion fencer of the army and a fine skier and boxer.

He had a bent for history and political philosophy and published in those fields. Perón married Aurelia Tizón on January 5, 1929, but she died of uterine cancer nine years later. In 1938 he was sent by the army to Italy , France , Spain , Germany , Hungary , Albania and Yugoslavia as a military observer, during which time he became familiar with the government of Benito Mussolini and other European governments of the time. Military government of 1943-1946 In May 1943, as a colonel, Perón was a significant figure in the military coup by the United Officers' Group (GOU), a secret society, against a conservative civilian government. He eventually became the head of the then-insignificant Department of Labor. His effective alliance with labor unions brought Perón growing influence in the military government. Perón won support from the labor movement by granting workers higher wages, more paid holidays, and other benefits. Under Perón's leadership, the Department of Labor became an important government office.

Demonstration for Perón's release from prison on October 17th, 1945 Perón became vice president and secretary of war under General Edelmiro Farrell (February 1944). However, opponents within the armed forces forced his resignation, and on October 9, 1945, Perón was arrested. It was at this point that Perón's mistress, Eva Duarte (1919–1952), rallied the General Confederation of Labor (CGT) trade union to his defense, and Perón was released from custody on October 17, 1945. That night, from the balcony of the presidential palace, he addressed 300,000 people; and his address was also broadcast to the nation on radio. He promised to lead the people to victory in the pending presidential election and to build with them a strong and just nation. A few days later, he married "Evita," as she was popularly called. A stage and radio actress, she helped her husband develop support with labor and women's groups, and would eventually take a role with him in ruling Argentina in the years ahead.

Election and first term (1946-1952) Perón with Evita in 1945 Perón leveraged his popular support into victory in the February 24, 1946 presidential elections. Once in office, Perón pursued social policies aimed at empowering the working class. He greatly expanded the number of unionized workers and supported the increasingly powerful General Confederation of Labor (CGT), created in 1930. He called his movement the "third way," or justicialismo, a supposed path between capitalism and communism . Later populist/nationalist leaders in Latin America would adopt many elements of Peronism. Perón also pushed hard to industrialize the country. In 1947 he announced the first five-year plan to boost newly nationalized industries. His ideology would be dubbed Peronism and became a central influence in Argentine political parties. However, among middle and upper class Argentines, Perón's pro-labor policies were considered far too socialistic . Negative feelings among the upper classes also abounded toward the industrial workers from rural areas.

Perón also made enemies internationally because of his willingness to shelter fleeing Nazi war criminals, like Erich Priebke who arrived in Argentina in 1947, Josef Mengele who arrived in 1949 and Adolf Eichmann in 1950. Eichmann was eventually captured by Israeli agents in Argentina, indicted by an Israeli court on charges of crimes against humanity and war crimes, convicted and hanged. His last words were "long live Argentina." The second term (1952-1955) Perón won re-election in 1951. By then Evita had become a powerful political figure in her own right. She began to campaign for women's right to vote and developed social programs for the descamisados, or "shirtless ones," referring to Argentina's working class. In 1948 she established a women's branch of Peron's political party. Juan Perón supports the ailing Evita at a political rally in 1951 Her supporters say she was motivated by her love for the people. Her detractors say she was trying to garner support for her husband's government.

However, when she tried to join her husband in the government by running for vice president, leading Argentine military officers, fearing that in time she might succeed to the presidency, blocked her candidacy. Evita died in 1952 at the age of 33. After her death, her supporters lobbied the Vatican to canonize her. Peron decided to build a mausoleum in which to display her embalmed body. Instead, the military regime that toppled Peron in 1955 secretly buried her body in Milan, Italy , fearing her grave would become a symbol of opposition to the dictatorship. In 1976 her body was finally laid to rest in Recoleta, Buenos Aires ' cemetery for the rich and powerful. Perón's nationalization of large parts of the economy, together with stringent trade barriers, cut Argentina 's links to the world economy—long the source of its great wealth. Built on the prewar legacy of fascist ideas, Perón turned Argentina into a corporatist country, with powerful organized interest groups—big business, labor unions, military, and farmers—that negotiated with the government for position and resources.

However, as inflation increased and trade became less profitable, it became more difficult to finance imports of vital raw materials. Perón's attempt to rapidly strengthen manufacturing industries at the expense of the rural economy exacerbated Argentina's economic problems, leading to large debts, high inflation, and little growth in productivity. Nevertheless, support for Peron's policies continued, especially among labor unions. Seeking to reconcile with business leaders who felt his policies had brought the nation to the brink of disaster, Perón called employers and unions to a "Productivity Congress" with the aim of regulating social conflict through social dialogue. However, the congress failed after a deal between labor and management representatives proved impossible. Around the same time, in May 1955, Perón signed a contract with an American oil company, Standard Oil of California, opening an economic policy of development with the help of foreign industrial investments. The Radical Civic Party (UCR) leader, Arturo Frondizi, criticized this as an anti-Argentinean decision. However, three years later he himself signed several contracts with foreign oil companies. During Perón's second term, several terrorist acts were committed against civilian targets.

On April 15, 1953, a terrorist group detonated two bombs in a public rally at the Plaza de Mayo, the center of downtown Buenos Aires, killing seven citizens and injuring 95. On June 15, 1955, a failed coup d'état by anti-Peronists used navy aircraft to bomb Peronists gathered at the same plaza, killing 364 citizens. In 1954, the Roman Catholic Church , which had supported the government up to then, confronted Perón because of his efforts to eliminate the political influence of the church and the enactment of a law allowing divorce. On September 16, 1955, a Catholic nationalist group within both the army and the navy launched a coup that ended Peron’s second term. This group took power under the name of Revolución Libertadora or the “Liberating Revolution.” The coup effectively banned Peronist activities in Argentina, including public references to Perón or his late wife. Songs, writings, and pictures supporting Perón were also forbidden. The Peronist Party was banned until Perón's return in 1973.

Exile (1955-1973) Presidents Stroessner and Perón. The stamp is Scott Paraguay no. 871 After the military coup, Perón went into exile in Paraguay . His escape was facilitated by his friend, President Alfredo Stroessner of Paraguay, who placed a gunboat at his disposal on the River Plate. Later he lived in Panama , where he met nightclub bolero singer María Estela Martínez. Eventually settling in Madrid, he married her there in 1961. She became better known as Isabel. Back in Argentina, Peronism was still banned and active Peronists were sometimes persecuted. In the 1950s and 1960s Argentina was marked by frequent coups d'états. It experienced low economic growth in the 1950s but rebounded with some of the world's highest growth rates in the 1960s (Gerchunoff et al, 309-321). The nation also faced problems of continued social unrest and labor strikes.

Yet during those years poverty almost disappeared, with poverty rates between between two percent and five percent in the first years of the 1960s (INDEC). When the economy slumped again in the late 1960s the government faced a new crisis. It also failed to suppress escalating terrorism from groups such as the Catholic-pro-Perón Montoneros, the Marxist ERP (People's Revolutionary Army), and rightist militias, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. General Alejandro Lanusse took power in March 1971 and had declared his intention to restore constitutional democracy by 1973. The way was thus open for Perón's return. From exile, Perón supported centrists such as Radical Party leader Ricardo Balbín, as well as Catholic-left-wing Peronists, and pro-Peronist labor unions. The third term (1973-1974) On March 11, 1973, general elections were held. Perón was banned from running, but a stand-in candidate, Héctor Cámpora, was elected and took office on May 25.

On June 20, 1973, Perón returned from an 18-year exile in Spain . A crowd of left-wing Peronists had gathered at the Ezeiza Airport in Buenos Aires to welcome and support him. The police counted 3.5 million people in attendance. Perón came accompanied by Cámpora, whose first measure had been to grant amnesty to all political prisoners and to reestablish relations with Cuba , helping Castro break the American embargo, an economic, commercial and financial blockade imposed on Cuba. This, and his social policies, had also earned him the opposition of right-wing Peronists. From Perón's stand, camouflaged snipers, including members of the Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance, opened fire on the crowd. The left-wing Peronist Youth and the Montoneros had been trapped. At least 13 people were killed, and 365 injured during this episode, which became known as the Ezeiza massacre. [1] Cámpora resigned in July 1973, paving the way for new elections, this time with Perón's participation.

Argentina had by this time reached a peak of instability, and Perón was viewed by many as the country's only hope for prosperity and salvation. Balbín and Perón considered a Peronist-Radical joint government, but internal opposition in both parties made this impossible. Perón's overwhelming victory (62 percent of the vote), returned him to the presidency. In October 1973 he began his third term, with Isabel, his wife, as vice president. Perón's third term was marked by an escalating conflict between the Peronist left- and right-wing factions. This turmoil was fueled primarily by Perón's growing ties with Balbín, who was considered right-wing by center-left radicals led by Raúl Alfonsín. Neither the Montoneros nor the Marxist-Guevarist (ERP) was pleased by Perón's actions. The latter turned to terrorist activities. The Montoneros kidnapped and murdered former president Pedro Eugenio Aramburu.

Meanwhile Peron's welfare minister, José López Rega, was accused by Peronist congressional deputies in July 1975 of being the instigator of the “Triple A” (Argentine Anticommunist Alliance), one of the first right-wing death squads to be formed in Argentina in the 1970s. Death and succession Perón died on July 1, 1974, recommending that his wife, Isabel, rely on Balbín for support. At the president's burial Balbín uttered a historic phrase, "This old adversary bids farewell to a friend." Isabel Perón succeeded her husband to the presidency, but proved thoroughly incapable of managing the country's mounting political and economic problems, the violent left-wing insurgency and the reaction of the extreme right. Ignoring her late husband's advice, Isabel granted Balbín no role in her new government, instead granting broad powers to López Rega. An astrologist who reportedly exercised a Rasputin -like authority over Perón's widow, López Rega loaded the cabinet with his political allies in September 1974 and instituted an unpopular program of fiscal conservatism.

Isabel Perón's term was ended abruptly on March 24, 1976, by a military coup d'état. A military junta headed by General Jorge Videla took control of the country. The junta combined a widespread persecution of political dissidents with the use of state terrorism. The final death toll rose to thousands (no less than nine thousand, with some human rights organizations claiming it was closer to 30,000). Most of this number is accounted for by "the disappeared" (desaparecidos), people kidnapped and executed without trial and without record. Perón's burial Perón was buried in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires . In 1987, his tomb was defaced and the hands (and some personal effects such as his sword) of his corpse were stolen. Those responsible have never been found. On October 17, 2006, his body was moved to a new mausoleum in the Buenos Aires suburb of San Vicente, his former summer residence, which was rebuilt as a museum. Notes ↑ Horatio Verbitzsky, Ezeiza. Full text online (Spanish).

Retrieved June 13, 2007. References Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite 2004 DVD: “Juan Peron.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2003. ISBN 1593390637 Gambini, Hugo. Historia del Peronismo. Editorial Planeta (Spanish), 1989. ISBN 9504907849 Gerchunoff, Pablo and Lucas Llach. El ciclo de la ilusión y el desencanto: un siglo de políticas económicas argentinas. Buenos Aires: Ariel Sociedad Económica (Spanish), 1998. ISBN 9509122793 Plotkin, Mariano Ben and Keith Zahniser (trans.). Mañana Es San Peron: A Cultural History of Peron's Argentina. Scholarly Resources Inc., 2003.

ISBN 0842050299 External links Péron - definition of Péron by The Free Dictionary Péron - definition of Péron by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Pe·rón (pə-rōn′, pĕ-), Juan Domingo 1895-1974. Argentine soldier and president (1946-1955 and 1973-1974). His second wife, (Maria) Eva Duarte de Perón (1919-1952), known as "Evita," was popular for her charitable works. Perón was succeeded in office by his third wife, Maria Estela Martínez de Perón (born 1931), known as "Isabelita," who was ousted by the military in 1976. Perón (Spanish peˈrɔn) n 1. (Biography) Juan Domingo (xwan doˈmɪnɡo). 1895–1974, Argentine soldier and statesman; dictator (1946–55).

He was deposed in 1955, remaining in exile until 1973, when he was elected president (1973–74) 2. (Biography) his third wife, María Estella (maˈria esˈteʎa), known as Isabel. born 1931, president of Argentina (1974–76); deposed 3. (Biography) (María) Eva (Duarte) de Perón (ˈeβa), known as Evita. Second wife of Juan Domingo Perón. 1919–52, Argentine film actress: active in politics and social welfare (1946–52) Peˈronist n, adj

Question: Of which country was Juan Peron dictator from 1946 to 1955 and 1973 to 1974?
Answer: ARGENTINA