loperamide oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD 25 Uses This medication is used to treat sudden diarrhea (including traveler's diarrhea ). It works by slowing down the movement of the gut. This decreases the number of bowel movements and makes the stool less watery. Loperamide is also used to reduce the amount of discharge in patients who have undergone an ileostomy. It is also used to treat on-going diarrhea in people with inflammatory bowel disease . Loperamide treats only the symptoms, not the cause of the diarrhea (e.g., infection). Treatment of other symptoms and the cause of the diarrhea should be determined by your doctor. Do not use in children younger than 6 years unless directed by your doctor. This medication should not be used in infants younger than 24 months. How to use loperamide If you are using the over-the-counter product to self-treat, read all the directions on the product package before taking this medication. If your doctor has prescribed this medication, follow your doctor's directions and the directions on your prescription label. Take this medication by mouth , usually after each loose stool, or as directed by your doctor.

The dosage is based on your condition and response to treatment. In children, dosage is also based on age and weight . Adults should not use more than 8 milligrams in 24 hours if self-treating, or 16 milligrams in 24 hours if under a doctor's direction. Improper use of this medication (overuse or abuse) - or use with certain other medications - may cause serious harm, such as fast/ irregular heartbeat or death (see also Overdose section - symptoms). Do not increase your dose, take it more often, or use it for longer than directed. Be sure to tell your doctor or pharmacist about all the products you use (including prescription, nonprescription, and herbal products). If you are taking the chewable tablet, take this medication on an empty stomach . The chewable tablets should be chewed thoroughly before swallowing. If you are using the rapidly dissolving tablets, dry your hands before opening the blister pack to carefully remove a tablet. Do not push the tablet through the blister pack. Place the tablet on the tongue , allow it to dissolve completely, then swallow it with saliva . Do not crush, split, or break the tablet before taking it.

Do not remove the tablet from the blister pack until just before taking. No water is needed to take this medication. Diarrhea can cause a serious loss of body water ( dehydration ). Drink plenty of fluids and minerals ( electrolytes ) to replace what is lost. Tell your doctor right away if you develop signs of dehydration (e.g., extreme thirst, decreased urination, muscle cramps , weakness , fainting ). You may also need to change to a bland diet during this time to reduce irritation to your stomach / intestines . Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information. Tell your doctor if your diarrhea does not improve after 2 days, if your condition worsens, or if you develop new symptoms. If you develop blood in the stool , fever, or an uncomfortable fullness/swelling of the stomach/ abdomen , or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention. If you are taking this medication under your doctor's direction for ongoing diarrhea, tell your doctor if your diarrhea continues after 10 days of treatment. What conditions does loperamide treat? Side Effects Dizziness , drowsiness, tiredness, or constipation may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, contact your doctor promptly.

If your doctor has prescribed this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. Stop taking this medication and seek immediate medical attention if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: severe constipation / nausea / vomiting , stomach/ abdominal pain , uncomfortable fullness of the stomach/abdomen. A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction , including: rash , itching /swelling (especially of the face/ tongue /throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing . This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. In the US - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345. List loperamide side effects by likelihood and severity.

Precautions Before taking loperamide, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies . This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: stomach/abdominal pain without diarrhea, bowel obstruction (e.g., ileus, megacolon, abdominal distention). The rapidly dissolving tablets may contain aspartame or phenylalanine . If you have phenylketonuria (PKU) or any other condition that requires you to restrict your intake of aspartame or phenylalanine, consult your doctor or pharmacist regarding the safe use of this medicine. Antibiotics may rarely cause a severe intestinal condition ( Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea) due to a type of resistant bacteria. Symptoms include: persistent diarrhea, abdominal or stomach pain/cramping, or blood /mucus in your stool. This condition may occur weeks after antibiotic treatment has stopped. This medication may make this condition worse.

Do not use this anti-diarrhea product, especially after recent antibiotic use, if you have the above symptoms without talking with your doctor first. This medication should not be used without seeing your doctor first if you have certain medical conditions. These symptoms/conditions may require other treatment before you can use this medication safely. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: black/tarry stool, blood /mucus in your stool, high fever , HIV infection/AIDS, liver problems, certain stomach/intestinal infections (e.g., Salmonella , Shigella), certain type of bowel disease (acute ulcerative colitis ). This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness until you are sure you can perform such activities safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Caution is advised when using this drug in children because they may be more sensitive to the effects of the drug, especially the drowsiness effect. Children are at higher risk for dehydration. (See also Uses, How to Use sections.) During pregnancy, this medication should be used only if clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

This drug passes into breast milk but is unlikely to have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding. What should I know regarding pregnancy, nursing and administering loperamide to children or the elderly? Interactions If you are taking this medication under your doctor's direction, your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first. This drug should not be used with the following medication because a very serious interaction may occur: pramlintide. If you are currently using the medication listed above, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting loperamide.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: recent/current antibiotic use, drugs that can cause constipation (e.g., anticholinergics such as belladonna/scopolamine/benztropine, antispasmodics such as glycopyrrolate/oxybutynin, potent narcotic pain medicines such as morphine, certain antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline), cholestyramine, quinidine, ritonavir, saquinavir. This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist. Does loperamide interact with other medications? Overdose If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222.

Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: difficult urination, slowed breathing, deep sleep, fast/irregular heartbeat, severe dizziness, fainting. Notes If your doctor has prescribed this medication for you, do not share it with others. Missed Dose If you are taking this drug on a regular schedule (not "as needed") and you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up. Storage Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Refer to storage information printed on the bottle for the exact temperature range. If you have any questions about storage, ask your pharmacist. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product. Information last revised July 2016. Copyright(c) 2016 First Databank, Inc.

Images Loperamide: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com Loperamide Treating symptoms or diarrhea (including traveler's diarrhea). Loperamide is an antidiarrheal agent. It works by slowing the movement of bowel contents. Do NOT use loperamide if: you are allergic to any ingredient in loperamide you have stomach pain without diarrhea you have constipation; stomach bloating; bloody stools; or dark, tarry stools. Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you. Slideshow Are You IBD Aware? Crohn's and Colitis, Explained Before using loperamide: Some medical conditions may interact with loperamide. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you: if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances if you have bloody diarrhea; mucus in your stool; fever; bowel problems (eg, inflammation, blockage, enlarged colon); or diarrhea caused by food poisoning, antibiotic use, or bacterial infection.

if you have AIDS or liver problems if you are taking an antibiotic Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with loperamide. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following: Quinidine or ritonavir because they may increase the risk of loperamide's side effects Saquinavir because its effectiveness may be decreased by loperamide This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if loperamide may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine. How to use loperamide: Use loperamide as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions. Take loperamide by mouth with or without food. Drinking extra fluids is recommended while you have diarrhea. Check with your doctor if you have questions. If you miss a dose of loperamide, take it as soon as you remember. Continue to take it as directed by your doctor or on the package label. Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use loperamide.

Important safety information: Loperamide may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or tiredness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use loperamide with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it. Do not take more than the recommended dose or use for longer than 48 hours without checking with your doctor. If your diarrhea does not get better within 48 hours or if it gets worse, contact your doctor. If you develop a fever, stomach bloating or swelling, or blood in your stools, contact your doctor. Loperamide is used to treat the symptoms of diarrhea, but will not treat the condition causing the diarrhea. Check with your doctor if you have any questions or concerns about the cause of your diarrhea. Caution is advised when using loperamide in CHILDREN; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially dehydration. Do not use loperamide in CHILDREN younger than 6 years old without first checking with the child's doctor. PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor.

You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using loperamide while you are pregnant. Loperamide is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking loperamide. Possible side effects of loperamide: All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. No COMMON side effects have been reported with this product. Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur: Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); constipation; decreased urination; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; stomach bloating, swelling, or pain. This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA . If OVERDOSE is suspected: Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center , or emergency room immediately.

Symptoms may include decreased urination; nausea; severe constipation or drowsiness; vomiting. Proper storage of loperamide: Store at room temperature, between 59 and 77 degrees F (15 and 25 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep loperamide out of the reach of children and away from pets. General information: If you have any questions about loperamide, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider. Loperamide is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people. If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor. Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take loperamide or any other medicine. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for you. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about loperamide.

It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to loperamide. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You must talk with your healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using loperamide. Review Date: November 3, 2016 Disclaimer: This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for you. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You must talk with your healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine.

Loperamide - Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions | Everyday Health Loperamide 29 Reviews Loperamide is the generic form of the brand-name drug Imodium, a medication used to treat diarrhea. Imodium works by slowing down the movement of the gut. This decreases the number of bowel movements and makes stool less watery. Imodium may also be used to decrease the amount of discharge in patients who have undergone an ileostomy (a procedure to move waste out of the body when the colon or rectum is not working properly) or to treat people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Imodium comes as a tablet, capsule, and liquid to take by mouth. It's available with or without a prescription. Imodium Warnings Children younger than age 6 should not use Imodium unless directed by their doctor. This medicine should never be used in infants younger than 24 months. It may take up to 48 hours for your symptoms to improve. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve within two days of taking Imodium (10 days for chronic diarrhea), or if you develop bloody stools or a fever. Drink plenty of fluids to make up for losses during diarrhea.

Don’t take if your stools are bloody, black, or tarry, or if you have diarrhea that is caused by taking antibiotics . Tell your doctor if have a fever, mucus in your stools, a history of liver disease, or if you are taking an antibiotic. Imodium treats the symptoms of diarrhea, not the cause. Your doctor will determine how to best treat the causes of diarrhea. Pregnancy and Imodium It's not known whether Imodium will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or might become pregnant while taking Imodium. The drug can also pass into breast milk and may harm a breastfeeding baby. Do not breastfeed while taking Imodium. Imodium for Dogs Some veterinarians have used Imodium to treat diarrhea in dogs. If your dog has diarrhea that's severe or long-lasting (more than 48 hours), is vomiting, or there's blood in the diarrhea, discontinue using Imodium and contact your vet immediately. Imodium can cause severe side effects in cats, and is not recommended for them.

Imodium 'High' and Abuse Imodium contains a very small amount of opiates, and a growing number of anecdotal and scientific reports have revealed that some opioid painkiller addicts are ingesting large amounts of Imodium to get a mild narcotic high. Abusing any opioid has serious health risks and can result in life-threatening irregular heartbeats and death. A 2016 report in the Annals of Emergency Medicine described how two men died after overdosing on Imodium. Imodium Side Effects Common Side Effects of Imodium: Tell your doctor if you have any of the following side effects. Dizziness Stomach pain, discomfort, or enlargement Serious Side Effects of Imodium: Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following serious side effects. Skin rash Back to Top Imodium Dosage Imodium is usually taken immediately after each loose bowel movement, though it's sometimes taken on a schedule for chronic diarrhea. Dosage is based on your condition and response to treatment. In children, dosage is also based on age and weight. Take your dosage of Imodium exactly as directed on the packaging or by your doctor.

Adults should not use more than 8 milligrams (mg) in a 24-hour period if self-treating or 16 mg if under a doctor's supervision. If you are taking the chewable tablet form of Imodium, you should take it on an empty stomach. The tablets should be chewed completely before swallowing. If you are taking the dissolving tablets, you should dry your hands before opening the pack to remove a tablet. Place the tablet on the tongue and allow it to dissolve completely, and then swallow. Do not crush, split, or break the tablet. Do not remove the tablet from the pack until right before taking it. You do not need to take water with this form of the medication. If you are taking the oral suspension (liquid) form of Imodium, shake it well before you measure a dose. You should measure the liquid with a special dose measuring spoon or medicine cup. Imodium A-D Liquid and New Imodium A-D Liquid contain two different strengths of the medication. If you switch from using one brand to the other, you should follow the dosing instructions carefully. Imodium A-D Liquid also contains a small amount of alcohol.

Imodium Overdose Symptoms of an Imodium overdose may include dizziness, drowsiness, urinating less than usual, bloating, severe stomach cramps, or vomiting. Contact a poison control center or go to an emergency room immediately if you suspect an overdose. You can get in touch with a poison control center at (800) 222-1222. Missed Dose of Imodium If you are on scheduled doses of Imodium, take your missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue on your regular medication schedule. Do not "double up" to make up for a missed one. Loperamide for diarrhoea. Side effects and dosage, loperamide. | Patient Diah-LimitÂ®; DiaquitteÂ®; DiocalmÂ®; EntrocalmÂ® Loperamide; ImodiumÂ®; NorimodeÂ®; NormaloeÂ® Available as Capsules, tablets, 'instant' (dissolve-in-the-mouth) tablets, and oral liquid medicine Loperamide is a medicine that can help if you have acute diarrhoea.

Acute diarrhoea in adults starts suddenly and in most cases eases within a few days. The main treatment is to have lots to drink to prevent dehydration. The most common cause of acute diarrhoea is an infection. Many bacteria, viruses, and other germs can cause diarrhoea. In most cases the diarrhoea settles as your body's immune system clears the infection. Antidiarrhoeal medicines like loperamide may not be necessary; however, they can be helpful if you wish to reduce the number of trips that you need to make to the toilet. Most people only need to take loperamide for a day or so. Loperamide works by slowing down the activity of your bowel. This reduces the speed at which the contents pass through, and so food remains in your intestines for longer. This allows more water to be absorbed back into your body and results in firmer stools that are passed less often. Because loperamide regulates the passage of food through the digestive system, it can also help people with diarrhoea associated with irritable bowel syndrome, and people who need help to regulate their bowel activity following surgery on the intestines.

You can buy loperamide from retail outlets or get it on prescription from your doctor; however, it is not suitable for children under the age of 12 years unless it has been prescribed by a doctor. Before taking loperamide To make sure this is the right treatment for you, before you start taking loperamide it is important that you speak with your doctor or pharmacist: If you are pregnant or breast-feeding. If you have liver problems. If you have a long-term bowel condition such as ulcerative colitis. If you are taking any other medicines. This includes any medicines you are taking which are available to buy without a prescription, such as herbal and complementary medicines. If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a medicine. How to take loperamide Before you start the treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack. It will give you more information about loperamide and will provide you with a full list of the side-effects which you may experience from taking it. Take loperamide exactly as your doctor tells you to, or as directed on the label.

The usual dose for acute diarrhoea in an adult is 4 mg (two tablets/capsules) taken straightaway, followed by 2 mg (one tablet/capsule) after each time you go to the toilet with diarrhoea. This usually means taking three or four tablets/capsules a day. Never take more than eight tablets/capsules a day. If your symptoms continue for more than 48 hours, you should speak with a doctor if you have not already done so. Stop taking loperamide as soon as your symptoms settle down. Most loperamide capsules and tablets are best swallowed with a drink of water. However, if you have been given a brand called ImodiumÂ® Instants, these are specially designed to dissolve in your mouth - place the tablet on your tongue and allow it to dissolve there before you swallow. Loperamide should only be taken by a child under 12 years of age on the advice of a doctor. If your child has been prescribed loperamide liquid medicine, check the label on the bottle carefully to make sure you know what dose to give.

If you forget to take a dose, do not worry, just take a dose after the next time you go to the toilet with diarrhoea. Do not take two doses together to make up for a missed dose. Getting the most from your treatment It is important that you have lots to drink to prevent you from becoming dehydrated. Drinking plain water is ideal, but juice and/or soup are also suitable. Try to avoid drinks that contain a lot of sugar, such as cola or pop, as they can sometimes make diarrhoea worse. Oral rehydration salts can be taken to help prevent dehydration and replace lost salts. These are especially recommended for children and for people who are frail or who have underlying health problems. You can buy these from a pharmacy. Eat small, light meals as soon as you are able. Plain foods such as bread and rice are good foods to try eating first. If your symptoms continue for more than 48 hours, speak with a doctor or pharmacist for advice if you have not already done so. If loperamide has been prescribed by your doctor and your diarrhoea has not settled after five days, you should return to your doctor for further advice.

If your symptoms get worse, or if you develop a high temperature, or if you pass blood in the diarrhoea, you should consult a doctor for advice as soon as possible. Can loperamide cause problems? Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them. The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with loperamide. You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine. The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome. Common loperamide side-effects (these affect less than 1 in 10 people) What can I do if I experience this? Constipation Ask your pharmacist to recommend a suitable painkiller Feeling sick Try taking loperamide after eating some food if you are not already doing so If you experience any other symptoms which you think may be due to loperamide, speak with your doctor or pharmacist for further advice. How to store loperamide Keep all medicines out of the sight and reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.

Important information about all medicines Never take more than the prescribed dose. If you suspect that you or someone else might have taken an overdose of this medicine, go to the accident and emergency department of your local hospital. Take the container with you, even if it is empty. If you are having an operation or dental treatment, tell the person carrying out the treatment which medicines you are taking. If you buy any medicines, check with a pharmacist that they are suitable to take with your other medicines. This medicine is for you. Never give it to other people even if their condition appears to be the same as yours. Do not keep out-of-date or unwanted medicines. Take them to your local pharmacy which will dispose of them for you. If you have any questions about this medicine ask your pharmacist. Imodium (Loperamide Hcl): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses Read All Potential Side Effects and See Pictures of Imodium » What are the precautions when taking loperamide hcl (Imodium)? Before taking loperamide, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: stomach/abdominal pain without diarrhea, bowel obstruction (e.g., ileus, megacolon, abdominal distention). The rapidly dissolving tablets may contain aspartame or phenylalanine. If you have phenylketonuria (PKU) or any other condition that requires you to restrict your intake of aspartame or phenylalanine, consult your doctor or pharmacist regarding the safe use of... Imodium - Uses, Side Effects, Interactions - Canoe.com Health Column How does this medication work? What will it do for me? Loperamide belongs to the family of medications called antidiarrheals. Loperamide, along with rehydration therapy (fluids and electrolytes), is used to treat short bouts of diarrhea that are not caused by a bacterial infection. It is also used to treat chronic diarrhea caused by inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease) and to reduce the amount of stool produced for people who have ileostomies, colostomies, or have had part of their intestines removed.

It works by affecting the nerves in the intestines to reduce the amount of stool produced, reduce stool frequency, make stools more solid, and reduce cramping. This medication may be available under multiple brand names and/or in several different forms. Any specific brand name of this medication may not be available in all of the forms or approved for all of the conditions discussed here. As well, some forms of this medication may not be used for all of the conditions discussed here. Your doctor may have suggested this medication for conditions other than those listed in these drug information articles. If you have not discussed this with your doctor or are not sure why you are taking this medication, speak to your doctor. Do not stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor. Do not give this medication to anyone else, even if they have the same symptoms as you do. It can be harmful for people to take this medication if their doctor has not prescribed it. What form(s) does this medication come in? Caplets Each light green, capsule-shaped tablet embossed "Imodium A-D" on one side and "2 mg" on the other side, contains loperamide HCl 2 mg. Nonmedicinal ingredients: cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, D&C Yellow No.

10, dibasic calcium phosphate, FD&C Blue No. 1, and magnesium stearate. This medication does not contain bisulfites, gluten, lactose, sodium, or tartrazine. Quick Dissolve Tablets Each white, circular tablet contains loperamide HCl 2 mg. Nonmedicinal ingredients: aspartame, flavour, gelatin, mannitol, and sodium bicarbonate. This medication contains phenylalanine. It does not contain bisulfites, gluten, lactose, or tartrazine. Solution Each 15 mL of opaque green oral solution with a mint odour contains loperamide HCl 2 mg. Nonmedicinal ingredients: carboxymethylcellulose sodium, cellulose, citric acid, D&C Yellow No. 10, dimethyl siloxane, FD&C Blue No. 1, flavour, glycerin, methylcellulose, propylene glycol, purified water, simethicone, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sucralose, titanium dioxide, and xanthan gum. Liqui-Gels Each liquid filled, clear blue coloured, oval-shaped, non-printed capsule contains loperamide hydrochloride 2 mg.

Nonmedicinal ingredients: FD&C Blue No. 1, gelatin, glycerol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monocaprylate, soya lecithin, triglycerides and water. How should I use this medication? For adults and children 12 years of age and older who have acute or chronic diarrhea, the recommended dose of loperamide is a starting dose of 4 mg, followed by a 2 mg dose after each loose bowel movement (or bout of diarrhea). Do not exceed 16 mg per day. For chronic diarrhea, once the optimal daily dose has been established, this dose can be given as a single daily dose or in divided doses. Regular tablets should be taken with liquids. The quick-dissolve tablets can be taken without liquids. Loperamide tablets are not suitable for children under the age of 6 years old. Children 6 to 12 years of age (10 kg to 20 kg) can use this medication for acute or chronic diarrhea if recommended by a doctor. For children 6 to 8 years old (or weighing 20 kg to 30 kg) the recommended dose for the first day is 2 mg twice daily.

For children 8 to 12 years of age who weigh over 30 kg, the recommended dose for the first day is 2 mg 3 times daily. If the diarrhea continues, then the medication is given only after a loose bowel movement, and the amount to be given depends on the weight of the child. Contact your doctor or pharmacist for the recommended amount. For children 2 to 5 years old (or weighing 10 kg to 20 kg) the recommended dose for the first day is 1 mg 3 times daily. For liquid forms of loperamide, use a syringe to measure each dose as this gives a more accurate measurement than household teaspoons. Stop using loperamide if you have a solid or hard stool or if you go for 24 hours without a bowel movement. If you have acute (not chronic) diarrhea, see your doctor if it has not improved within 48 hours. Many things can affect the dose of medication that a person needs, such as body weight, other medical conditions, and other medications. If your doctor has recommended a dose different from the ones listed here, do not change the way that you are taking the medication without consulting your doctor.

It is important to use this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible and continue with the recommended dosing schedule (after each loose bowel movement). If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the recommended dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. If you are not sure what to do after missing a dose, contact your doctor or pharmacist for advice. Store this medication at room temperature, protect it from light and moisture, and keep it out of the reach of children. Do not dispose of medications in wastewater (e.g. down the sink or in the toilet) or in household garbage. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medications that are no longer needed or have expired. Who should NOT take this medication?

Loperamide should not be used by or given to anyone who: is allergic to loperamide or any ingredients of the medication is under the age of 2 years has acute dysentery (characterized by blood in the stool and fever) has acute ulcerative colitis has diarrhea caused by certain bacteria (e.g., salmonella, shigella and campylobacter) has pseudomembranous colitis (severe antibiotic-associated diarrhea) should avoid being constipated should not have the movement of the of intestines slowed (e.g. ileus, toxic megacolon) What side effects are possible with this medication? Many medications can cause side effects. A side effect is an unwanted response to a medication when it is taken in normal doses. Side effects can be mild or severe, temporary or permanent. The side effects listed below are not experienced by everyone who takes this medication. If you are concerned about side effects, discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with your doctor. The following side effects have been reported by at least 1% of people taking this medication. Many of these side effects can be managed, and some may go away on their own over time.

Contact your doctor if you experience these side effects and they are severe or bothersome. Your pharmacist may be able to advise you on managing side effects. burning or prickly sensation on the tongue (quick-dissolve tablets) dizziness nausea or vomiting tiredness Although most of the side effects listed below don't happen very often, they could lead to serious problems if you do not seek medical attention. Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur: abdominal or stomach pain, cramps, discomfort, or distention constipation Stop taking the medication and seek immediate medical attention if any of the following occur: symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, e.g.: difficulty breathing peeling or blistering skin swelling of the mouth or throat Some people may experience side effects other than those listed. Check with your doctor if you notice any symptom that worries you while you are taking this medication. Are there any other precautions or warnings for this medication? Before you begin using a medication, be sure to inform your doctor of any medical conditions or allergies you may have, any medications you are taking, whether you are pregnant or breastfeeding, and any other significant facts about your health. These factors may affect how you should use this medication.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): People with AIDS should stop taking loperamide and contact their doctor if they experience abdominal swelling or distention. Constipation: If you develop constipation, stop taking this medication and contact your doctor. Drowsiness or dizziness: Loperamide may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Do not drive or operate machinery until you know how loperamide affects you. Fluids and electrolytes: The loss of fluids and electrolytes (e.g., chloride, sodium) can occur if you have diarrhea. Loperamide helps with the symptoms of diarrhea but will not correct any fluid or electrolyte problems caused by diarrhea. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether you need fluid and electrolyte replacement, also referred to as oral rehydration therapy. Improvement in diarrhea: If your diarrhea has not improved after 48 hours of treatment with loperamide, stop taking it and contact your doctor. Liver disease: People with liver disease should be monitored carefully by their doctor while taking this medication. Medical conditions: Loperamide should not be used by people with intestinal infections such as dysentery, which is often associated with severe diarrhea, fever, and blood in the stool, and other infections of the gut.

A more serious problem of the bowel may develop if loperamide is used by some people with acute ulcerative colitis or a serious form of diarrhea associated with antibiotic use. Pregnancy: This medication should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately. Breast-feeding: This medication passes into breast milk. If you are a breast-feeding mother and are taking loperamide, it may affect your baby. Talk to your doctor about whether you should continue breast-feeding. Children: This medication is not recommended for use in children under the age of 12 except on the advice of a physician. Loperamide should not be given to children under 6 years of age without medical prescription and supervision. Loperamide tablets are not suitable for children under 6 years of age. Loperamide should not be used for children under 2 years of age. (See "Who should not take this medication.") What other drugs could interact with this medication?

There may be an interaction between loperamide and any of the following: alcohol ritonavir tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline) If you are taking any of these medications, speak with your doctor or pharmacist. Depending on your specific circumstances, your doctor may want you to: stop taking one of the medications, change one of the medications to another, change how you are taking one or both of the medications, or leave everything as is. An interaction between two medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of them. Speak to your doctor about how any drug interactions are being managed or should be managed. Medications other than those listed above may interact with this medication. Tell your doctor or prescriber about all prescription, over-the-counter (non-prescription), and herbal medications you are taking. Also tell them about any supplements you take. Since caffeine, alcohol, the nicotine from cigarettes, or street drugs can affect the action of many medications, you should let your prescriber know if you use them.

More on CHealth Conditions that Imodium oral Treats Traveler's Diarrhea Medications Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, expect as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use. CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Find a Drug or Condition Drug Enter a drug name. Use the arrow keys to navigate suggestions. More about Drugs and Medications Drug Tools Subscribe to free WebMD newsletters. WebMD Daily Subscribe WebMD Daily Subscribe to the WebMD Daily, and you'll get today's top health news and trending topics, and the latest and best information from WebMD.

Men's Health Subscribe Men's Health Subscribe to the Men's Health newsletter for the latest on disease prevention, fitness, sex, nutrition, and more from WebMD. Women's Health loperamide, Imodium, Kaopectate, Maalox: Drug Facts, Side Effects and Dosing Medical Author: Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD Dr. Ogbru received his Doctorate in Pharmacy from the University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy in 1995. He completed a Pharmacy Practice Residency at the University of Arizona/University Medical Center in 1996. He was a Professor of Pharmacy Practice and a Regional Clerkship Coordinator for the University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy from 1996-99. Medical and Pharmacy Editor: Jay W. Marks, MD Jay W. Marks, MD Jay W. Marks, MD, is a board-certified internist and gastroenterologist. He graduated from Yale University School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine and gastroenterology at UCLA/Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.

BRAND NAMES: Imodium A-D, Anti-Diarrheal, TH Anti-Diarrheal, Diamode DISCONTINUED BRANDS: Imodium, Kaopectate II, Imodium A-D, Maalox Anti-Diarrheal Caplets, Pepto Diarrhea Control DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Loperamide is a medication that is used for the relief of acute diarrhea and the management of chronic diarrhea in patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis ). The effectiveness of loperamide is comparable to another anti-diarrheal, diphenoxylate ( Lomotil ). Loperamide reduces diarrhea by slowing the forward propulsion of intestinal contents by the intestinal muscles. Although loperamide is related chemically to narcotics such as morphine, it does not have any of narcotics' pain - relieving effects even at high doses. Loperamide was approved by the FDA in 1976. PRESCRIBED FOR: Loperamide is used for the relief of acute or chronic diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea . SIDE EFFECTS: Loperamide is generally well-tolerated.

The side effects that have been reported during loperamide treatment include: Ulcerative colitis | University of Maryland Medical Center Fever Dehydration People with ulcerative colitis are at increased risk for malnutrition. The condition is also associated with other health problems, including arthritis, eye infections, liver disease, skin rashes, blood clots, or gallstones. No one is sure why such problems occur outside the colon. But some researchers think they may be linked to a faulty immune system response. What Causes It? No one knows what causes ulcerative colitis. The most likely theory is that it is caused by several factors ranging from genetics, faulty immune system reactions, and environmental influences. For example, some people are genetically at risk for the condition (it runs in their family). Bacteria or a virus may then trigger their immune system, which causes inflammation. Because ulcerative colitis is more common in the developed world, it is possible that a diet high in saturated fat and processed foods contributes to the disease. Risk Factors Risk factors for ulcerative colitis include: Family history of the disease Jewish heritage, especially Ashkenazi (European) Jews A diet high in sugar, cholesterol, and fat (particularly from meat and dairy products) Psoriasis.

Studies show that psoriasis is associated both with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. What to Expect at Your Doctor's Office Your doctor will do a physical exam and a series of tests to diagnose ulcerative colitis. Blood tests may show anemia (due to a significant loss of blood) and a high white blood cell count (a sign of inflammation somewhere in the body). Stool samples may show whether there is bleeding or infection in the colon or rectum. The following procedures may also help distinguish between ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, and other inflammatory conditions. Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy: In a colonoscopy, a doctor uses a long, flexible, lighted tube with a camera to take pictures of the colon. These pictures can reveal inflammation, bleeding, or ulcers along the entire colon wall. Your doctor may also take a biopsy of colon cells to see whether you have ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease. The person is sedated during the procedure. A sigmoidoscopy is similar, but is used to examine the rectum and lower part of your colon. It can be done without sedation, but may miss inflammation higher in the colon or the small intestine.

Barium enema: This test examines the large intestine with an x-ray. You receive barium (a dye) as an enema, which coats the lining of your large intestine and rectum. It is generally not as reliable as colonoscopy and is not used when symptoms are severe because of the risk of complications. Small intestine x-ray: In this test, you drink a barium "shake" and the doctor takes an x-ray of your small intestine. This test allows doctors to see the small intestine (which cannot be seen with colonoscopy). It can help distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Preventive Care There is no known way to prevent ulcerative colitis, but you can usually manage the condition with a combination of medication, diet, and lifestyle changes. A low-fat diet rich in fruits, fluids, magnesium, and vitamin C; exercise; and stress-reduction techniques (including hypnosis) may also help prevent recurrences. Treatment Options The primary goals in treating ulcerative colitis are to control acute flares of the disease and to maintain remission. The type of treatment often depends on the severity of the disease is.

For example, people with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis are usually treated with medications that reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. More severe cases may require surgery. Many people with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) use complementary and alternative remedies along with prescription medication. Preliminary studies indicate that lifestyle changes may be useful additions to treatment, including: Stress reduction Dietary adjustments (such as eating a variety of fruits and vegetables and avoiding saturated fat and sugar) Specific herbs and supplements Mind-body techniques (such as hypnosis) Lifestyle Many people with ulcerative colitis report that stress makes their symptoms worse. Relaxation and stress-reduction techniques can be helpful, particularly when used with other forms of treatment. Some techniques to consider: Biofeedback: teaches you to control stress-related physical responses (muscle tension, rapid heartbeat). First, you use a feedback machine that lets you see how your body responds. As you learn to control these responses, you no longer need the machine and can practice the technique anywhere. Yoga, tai chi, or meditation: These techniques all help you learn to reduce your response to stress. Progressive muscle relaxation: This popular technique involves tightening and then relaxing specific muscle groups one by one.

It is simple to learn and can be done anywhere and any time. Deep breathing: Breathing in from your diaphragm (allowing your belly to expand, then contract as you exhale) induces a relaxation response. It may also help relax your abdominal muscles, which can support normal intestinal health. Hypnosis: A trained and licensed hypnotist can help you relax muscle tension, reducing pain and abdominal bloating. Exercise may help people with ulcerative colitis, both in terms of maintaining health and reducing stress. Although exercise is considered safe for those with ulcerative colitis, anyone with a chronic illness should talk to their doctor before starting a new exercise regimen. It is especially important for people with ulcerative colitis to drink water before and during exercise to prevent dehydration. Drug Therapies Although medications cannot cure ulcerative colitis, they can reduce symptoms and help you control your condition. Sometimes, they can bring on remission of the disease for a period of time. Doctors often prescribe the following medications commonly to treat ulcerative colitis: Aminosalicylates: Anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat mild-to-moderate symptoms. Up to 80% of people respond within 4 weeks to orally-administered aminosalicylates.

They include: Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine): An older drug that is usually taken with folic acid. Side effects include abdominal discomfort, nausea, and lowered sperm count. Sulfasalazine can be effective, but newer drugs are available. Mesalamine (Asacol, Rowasa): This drug reduces inflammation during acute flare ups and helps prevent recurrences. It generally has fewer side effects than sulfasalazine. Balsalazide disodium (Colazal): A different formulation of mesalamine that is designed to deliver the dose directly into the colon. It has fewer side effects. Corticosteroids (such as budesonide, prednisone, and prednisolone): These drugs can reduce inflammation throughout your body but have many side effects, including acne, and an increased risk of infection, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, excessive hair growth, diabetes, and disorders of the eye including glaucoma and cataracts. Budesonide (Entocort) may have fewer side effects. Corticosteroids also suppress your body's production of the hormone cortisol and cannot be stopped abruptly. They are not for long-term use, but may be used to control flares.

Immune system suppressors: These medications reduce inflammation by suppressing the immune system. They are sometimes used in combination with steroids to reduce the dose of the steroid medication. These drugs can take several months to work, and all may have significant side effects. Drugs include azathioprine (Imuran), mercaptopurine (Purinethol), and cyclosporine. Biologics: Infliximab (Remicade) is used to treat moderate-to-severe symptoms. It keeps a protein produced by immune system from causing inflammation in the body. Researchers are testing other drugs in this class, such as adalimumab (Humira). Nicotine patches: Researchers are not sure why, but nicotine patches seem to help some people find short-term relief during flares, particularly if the person used to be a smoker. The risks of smoking greatly outweigh any potential benefits, so no one who has ulcerative colitis should start smoking. Antidiarrheal medications (such as diphenoxylate, loperamide, or psyllium): Medications that treat diarrhea must be used only under medical supervision and with extreme caution.

They can slow down the normal movements of the gastrointestinal tract and, in severe cases, may cause a complication known as toxic megacolon. Surgical Procedures 20 to 30% of people with ulcerative colitis must eventually have their colon or colon and rectum removed (colectomy or proctocolectomy) because of massive bleeding, severe illness, rupture of the colon, or the risk of cancer. The surgery often eliminates the disease. To allow for the elimination of waste, the surgeon creates an internal pouch from the small intestine, which empties into the anus. It may result in having 5 to 7 watery bowel movements a day, and up to one-third of people who undergo this procedure develop pouchitis, an inflammation of the pouch that is treated with a short course of antibiotics. Complementary and Alternative Therapies Diet Although diet cannot cure ulcerative colitis, some studies suggest that people who eat foods high in saturated fat and sugar, and who eat less amounts of fruits and vegetables, may be at greater risk of developing the disease. Certain foods may also reduce symptoms. Limit intake of dairy products, which may help reduce diarrhea. Eat fruits and vegetables and pay attention to fiber.

Although fiber is crucial to a healthy diet, some people with inflammatory bowel disease find that fiber makes symptoms worse. If fiber bothers you, steam or bake your vegetables instead of eating them raw, and avoid high-fiber foods such as broccoli, cauliflower, and raw apples. Eat antioxidant foods, including fruits (such as blueberries, cherries, and tomatoes) and vegetables (such as squash and bell peppers). A bland, low-fiber diet may be best during acute flares. Eat 5 to 6 small meals a day. Certain foods may aggravate symptoms of ulcerative colitis (including chocolate, beans, spicy foods, fats, and artificial sweeteners). Avoid refined foods, such as white breads and pastas. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco. People with significant malnourishment, severe symptoms, or those awaiting surgery may require parenteral (intravenous) nutrition. Nutrition and Supplements Many people with ulcerative colitis have vitamin and mineral deficiencies (because of loss of appetite, reduced absorption by the colon, and chronic diarrhea). Some medications may also lower important nutrients in the body. For example, sulfasalazine reduces the body's ability to absorb folate (folic acid), and corticosteroids can reduce calcium levels.

Making sure you get enough nutrients is a crucial part of treating ulcerative colitis. Your doctor may recommend taking a multivitamin daily. Folic acid: Many people who have ulcerative colitis have low levels of folic acid in their blood. In addition, some medications, such as sulfasalzine, may cause levels of folic acid in the body to drop. People with ulcerative colitis also have a higher risk of developing colon cancer, but some studies have found that taking folic acid can reduce that risk. Folic acid can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency. If you take folic acid for a long period, your doctor should monitor your levels of B12. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil: At least one study has found that, compared to placebo, fish oil supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids may reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence of ulcerative colitis. Other studies show different results, however. Some experts suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may be valuable when used in combination with sulfasalazine or other medications. DO NOT take high doses of fish oil if you take blood-thinning medication.

Probiotics: Several studies indicate that taking probiotics, or "good" bacteria, can help reduce symptoms. One study found that giving Lactobaccillus, Bifidobacteria, and a nondisease causing type of Streptococcus to people with chronic pouchitis helped prevent the condition. Sacchromyces boulardi may also help improve the overall health of the intestine. Consult your doctor to be sure probiotics are appropriate for your case. Vitamin D: is necessary to maintain strong bones. People with ulcerative colitis, especially those who take corticosteroids, often have low levels of vitamin D and are at risk for osteoporosis. Calcium: is also needed for strong bones. Ask your doctor if you need a calcium supplement. Calcium at certain doses may interfere with some medications. N-acetyl glucosamine: Preliminary research suggests that N-acetyl glucosamine supplements or enemas may improve symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. More studies are needed to know whether glucosamine would have any effect on ulcerative colitis.

N-acetylglucosamine can potentially interact with certain medications, including, but not limited to, medications used for blood thinning, such as warfarin (Coumadin) and aspirin. Herbs Because of the presence of inflammation and the nature of the disease, ulcerative colitis should not be treated with herbs alone. However, herbs may be a useful complement to traditional medical treatment. Herbs can trigger side effects and interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, you should take herbs with care, under the supervision of a health care provider. Psyllium seeds (Plantaginis ovatae): In one study, people with ulcerative colitis who took 20 g of ground psyllium seeds 2 times per day with water stayed in remission when they took the prescription drug mesalamine. More research is needed to confirm this finding. Psyllium is a type of insoluble fiber, and may be irritating to some people, especially during flares. Talk to your doctor to determine if psyllium can help you. Some people may have better results using soluble fiber, such as flax seed or oat bran, in combination with or instead of psyllium.

Constipation could occur, however. Talk to your doctor about whether this combination is right for you. Psyllium can interfere with certain medications. Boswellia (Boswellia serrata): Boswellia has anti-inflammatory properties. One small study suggests that people who took boswellia had similar improvement as people who took the prescription drug sulfasalazine. More research is needed. Boswellia may interact with other drugs and supplements, so talk to your doctor before taking it. Curcumin or turmeric (Curcuma longa): shows anti-inflammatory properties in test tubes. One small study found that people with inflammatory bowel disease who took curcumin reduce their symptoms and their need for medications. However, more research is needed. People with gallbladder disease or gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), hormone-related cancers, or people who are taking blood-thinning medications, should not take curcumin without first consulting with their doctors. Other evidence for using herbs to treat ulcerative colitis is mostly lacking. Among the herbs that have been used traditionally to treat inflammation within the digestive tract are: Slippery elm (Ulmus fulva): is a demulcent (protects irritated tissues and promotes their healing).

Slippery elm may interact with certain medications. Women who may be pregnant should never take slippery elm. Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis): is a demulcent and emollient. Avoid marshmallow if you have diabetes or take certain medications, including, but not limited to, Lithium. Speak to your doctor. Chamomile (Matricaria recutita): is often used to soothe digestive tract. It is usually taken as a tea. Chamomile can cause allergic reactions in some people, particularly those who are sensitive to ragweed. It can also have estrogenic qualities, so it should be used with caution, especially if you have a history of hormone-related diseases. Speak to your doctor about potential interactions before you begin using chamomile. People with allergies to ragweed should use caution when taking camomile due to potential sensitivities. Acupuncture Acupuncture is often used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Several studies indicate that it can provide relief from symptoms in ulcerative colitis. It may be especially useful when combined with traditional medical treatment because it can help relieve stress, as well as pain.

Acupuncturists treat people with inflammatory bowel disease based on an individualized assessment of the excesses and deficiencies of qi located in various meridians. Other Considerations Pregnancy Symptoms of ulcerative colitis often become worse during pregnancy. About 50% of women in remission have a recurrence of the disease, usually during the first trimester or during the postpartum period. For this reason, women with ulcerative colitis who are or wish to become pregnant should keep taking medications under the guidance of their doctor. Corticosteroids or sulfasalazine are considered safe during pregnancy. Unlike Crohn disease, pregnant women with ulcerative colitis are not at increased risk for stillbirths or premature deliveries. Pregnant women should avoid high doses of vitamins. An obstetrician can provide instructions about multivitamin use during pregnancy. Prognosis and Complications If left untreated, people with ulcerative colitis can develop a wide range of chronic, sometimes dangerous complications. Fortunately, however, most of these complications can be treated successfully.

Hemorrhage (excessive bleeding) Narrowing of the colon, which may cause obstruction Abscesses (pus-filled pockets of infection) in the colon Toxic megacolon (grossly swollen colon that may rupture) Colon cancer Nutritional problems (including weight loss and reduced muscle mass) Joint pain and arthritis Depression and anxiety Osteoporosis Although there is no cure for ulcerative colitis other than surgical removal of the colon, many people with the disease lead active lives by controlling their symptoms with medication. In fact, drug treatment is effective for about 70 to 80% of all people with the condition. About 45% of all people with ulcerative colitis are free of symptoms at any given time, but most have at least one relapse in any 10-year period. People who have ulcerative colitis are at increased risk of developing colon cancer, however this increased risk has decreased steadily over the last 6 decades. Supporting Research Abela MB. Hypnotherapy for Crohn's disease: a promising complementary/alternative therapy. Int Med. 1999;2(2/3):127-131. Ammon HP. Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases.

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Question: Loperamide is used to treat what medical condition?
Answer: Diarrhoea