Valium (diazepa) Side Effects, Uses, Addiction, and Withdrawal Pharmacy Author: Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD Dr. Ogbru received his Doctorate in Pharmacy from the University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy in 1995. He completed a Pharmacy Practice Residency at the University of Arizona/University Medical Center in 1996. He was a Professor of Pharmacy Practice and a Regional Clerkship Coordinator for the University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy from 1996-99. Medical and Pharmacy Editor: Jay W. Marks, MD Jay W. Marks, MD Jay W. Marks, MD, is a board-certified internist and gastroenterologist. He graduated from Yale University School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine and gastroenterology at UCLA/Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. flurazepam (Dalmane) What brand names are available for Valium (diazepam)? Valium , Diastat Acudial, Diastat, and Diazepam Intensol are the brand names for diazepam available in the US.

Dizac, Qpam, and Valrelease brand names have been discontinued in the US. Is Valium (diazepam) available as a generic drug? Yes Do I need a prescription for Valium (diazepam)? Yes What are the uses for Valium (diazepam)? Diazepam is used for the treatment of disorders with anxiety . Diazepam also is used for the treatment of agitation, tremors , delirium , seizures , and hallucinations resulting from alcohol withdrawal. It is used for the treatment of seizures , relief of muscle spasms in some neurological diseases, and for sedation during surgery. Can a person become addicted to Valium (diazepam) Warning: Diazepam can lead to addiction (dependency), especially when higher dosages are used over prolonged periods of time. In patients addicted to diazepam or after prolonged use, abrupt discontinuation may cause symptoms of withdrawal such as: DIAZEPAM - ORAL (Valium) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.

GENERIC NAME: DIAZEPAM - ORAL (dye-AZ-eh-pam) BRAND NAME(S): Valium Medication Uses | How To Use | Side Effects | Precautions | Drug Interactions | Overdose | Notes | Missed Dose | Storage USES: Diazepam is used to treat anxiety , acute alcohol withdrawal , and seizures . It is also used to relieve muscle spasms and to provide sedation before medical procedures. This medication belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves (central nervous system) to produce a calming effect. It works by enhancing the effects of a certain natural chemical in the body (GABA).OTHER This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This medication may also be used to prevent extremely bad nightmares (night terrors). HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor. The dosage is based on your medical condition, age, and response to therapy.

If you are taking a liquid form of this medication, use a medication measuring device to carefully measure out the prescribed dose. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If you are using the oral concentrate solution, use the dropper provided to carefully measure out the dose and mix it in liquid or soft food (e.g., applesauce, pudding) just before taking.Use this medication exactly as prescribed. Do not increase your dose, take it more frequently or use it for a longer period of time than prescribed because this drug can be habit-forming. Also, if used for an extended period of time or for seizure control, do not suddenly stop using this drug without your doctor's approval. Some conditions may become worse when the drug is abruptly stopped. Your dose may need to be gradually decreased.When used for an extended period, this medication may not work as well and may require different dosing. Talk with your doctor if this medication stops working well.Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while being treated with this medication unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Grapefruit juice can increase the amount of certain medications in your bloodstream. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.Inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

Valium (diazepam) Uses, Dosage, Side Effects - Drugs.com Side Effects Pricing & Coupons What is Valium? Valium (diazepam) is a benzodiazepine (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). Diazepam affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced in people with anxiety. Valium is used to treat anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, or muscle spasms. Valium is sometimes used with other medications to treat seizures. Important information You should not use Valium if you are allergic to diazepam or similar medicines (Ativan, Klonopin, Restoril, Xanax, and others), or if you have myasthenia gravis, severe liver disease, narrow-angle glaucoma, a severe breathing problem, or sleep apnea. Slideshow 10 Common Sleep Disorders: Treatments and Truths Before you take Valium, tell your doctor if you have glaucoma, asthma or other breathing problems, kidney or liver disease, seizures, or a history of drug or alcohol addiction, mental illness, depression, or suicidal thoughts. Do not start or stop taking Valium during pregnancy without your doctor's advice.

Diazepam may cause harm to an unborn baby, but having a seizure during pregnancy could harm both the mother and the baby. Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking diazepam for seizures. Valium may be habit-forming. Misuse of habit-forming medicine can cause addiction, overdose, or death. Do not give this medication to a child younger than 6 months old. Before taking this medicine You should not use Valium if you are allergic to diazepam or similar drugs (Ativan, Klonopin, Restoril, Xanax, and others), or if you have: myasthenia gravis (a muscle weakness disorder); severe liver disease; sleep apnea (breathing stops during sleep); or alcoholism, or addiction to drugs similar to diazepam. To make sure Valium is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have any of these conditions: glaucoma; epilepsy or other seizure disorder; a history of mental illness, depression, or suicidal thoughts or behavior; a history of drug or alcohol addiction; or if you use a narcotic (opioid) medication. When treating seizures, do not start or stop taking Valium during pregnancy without your doctor's advice.

Valium may cause harm to an unborn baby, but having a seizure during pregnancy could harm both the mother and the baby. Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking Valium for seizures. When treating anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, or muscle spasms: If you take Valium while you are pregnant, your baby could become dependent on the drug. This can cause life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in the baby after it is born. Babies born dependent on habit-forming medicine may need medical treatment for several weeks. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Diazepam can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while using this medicine. The sedative effects of Valium may last longer in older adults. Accidental falls are common in elderly patients who take benzodiazepines. Use caution to avoid falling or accidental injury while you are taking Valium. Valium is not approved for use by anyone younger than 6 months old. Do not give this medicine to a child without a doctor's advice. How should I take Valium? Take Valium exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label.

Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Valium may be habit-forming. Misuse of habit-forming medicine can cause addiction, overdose, or death. Selling or giving away this medicine is against the law. Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. Valium should be used for only a short time. Do not take this medicine for longer than 4 months without your doctor's advice. Do not stop using Valium suddenly, or you could have increased seizures or unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Ask your doctor how to safely stop using diazepam. Call your doctor at once if you feel that this medicine is not working as well as usual, or if you think you need to use more than usual. While using Valium, you may need frequent blood tests at your doctor's office. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. After you have stopped using this medicine, flush any unused pills down the toilet.

Keep track of the amount of medicine used from each new bottle. Valium is a drug of abuse and you should be aware if anyone is using your medicine improperly or without a prescription. See also: Dosage Information (in more detail) What happens if I miss a dose? Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of diazepam can be fatal. Overdose symptoms may include extreme drowsiness, loss of balance or coordination, limp or weak muscles, or fainting. What should I avoid while taking Valium? This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert. Avoid drinking alcohol. Dangerous side effects could occur. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice may interact with diazepam and lead to unwanted side effects. Discuss the use of grapefruit products with your doctor.

Valium side effects Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Valium: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have: confusion, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior; unusual risk-taking behavior, decreased inhibitions, no fear of danger; depressed mood, thoughts of suicide or hurting yourself; hyperactivity, agitation, aggression, hostility; weak or shallow breathing, a feeling like you might pass out; muscle twitching, tremor; loss of bladder control; or little or no urinating. Where can I get more information? Your pharmacist can provide more information about Valium. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Valium only for the indication prescribed. Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive.

Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Copyright 1996-2017 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 13.03.

Revision Date: 2016-09-28, 10:36:54 AM. Drug Status Common Side Effects of Valium (Diazepam Tablets) Drug Center - RxList Valium in Detail with Side Effects Last reviewed on RxList 4/6/2015 Valium (diazepam) is a medication belonging to the drug class benzodiazepine. Valium is available as a generic drug. Valium is prescribed for the treatment of anxiety, seizures, muscle spasms, and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Common side effects of Valium include drowsiness, dizziness, spinning sensation, fatigue, constipation, ataxia (loss of balance), memory problems, restlessness or irritability, muscle weakness, nausea, drooling or dry mouth, slurred speech, blurred or double vision, skin rash, itching, or loss of interest in sex. Valium usual oral dose is 2-10 mg given 2-4 times daily.

Drug interactions with Valium include alcohol, barbiturates, and narcotics, cimetidine (Tagamet), ketoconazole (Nizoral), omeprazole (Prilosec) fluvoxamine (Luvox), and fluoxetine (Prozac). Valium use during pregnancy may cause adverse effects in the fetus and it is secreted in breast milk so it should be avoided while breastfeeding. If Valium is discontinued abruptly after long term use, it may lead to seizures, insomnia, headaches, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, sweating, anxiety, and fatigue. Our Valium Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. What is Patient Information in Detail? Easy-to-read and understand detailed drug information and pill images for the patient or caregiver from Cerner Multum. Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have: confusion, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior; unusual risk-taking behavior, decreased inhibitions, no fear of danger; depressed mood, thoughts of suicide or hurting yourself; hyperactivity, agitation, aggression, hostility; (Adverse Reactions) SIDE EFFECTS Side effects most commonly reported were drowsiness, fatigue, muscle weakness, and ataxia . The following have also been reported: Central Nervous System: confusion, depression, dysarthria , headache, slurred speech, tremor , vertigo Gastrointestinal System: constipation, nausea, gastrointestinal disturbances Special Senses: blurred vision, diplopia , dizziness Cardiovascular System: hypotension Psychiatric and Paradoxical Reactions: stimulation, restlessness, acute hyperexcited states, anxiety, agitation, aggressiveness, irritability, rage, hallucinations, psychoses, delusions, increased muscle spasticity , insomnia, sleep disturbances, and nightmares. Inappropriate behavior and other adverse behavioral effects have been reported when using benzodiazepines . Should these occur, use of the drug should be discontinued. They are more likely to occur in children and in the elderly.

Urogenital System: incontinence , changes in libido , urinary retention Skin and Appendages: skin reactions Laboratories: elevated transaminases and alkaline phosphatase Other: changes in salivation, including dry mouth, hypersalivation Antegrade amnesia may occur using therapeutic dosages, the risk increasing at higher dosages. Amnestic effects may be associated with inappropriate behavior. Minor changes in EEG patterns, usually low-voltage fast activity, have been observed in patients during and after Valium therapy and are of no known significance. Because of isolated reports of neutropenia and jaundice , periodic blood counts and liver function tests are advisable during long-term therapy. Postmarketing Experience Injury, Poisoning and Procedural Complications: There have been reports of falls and fractures in benzodiazepine users. The risk is increased in those taking concomitant sedatives (including alcohol), and in the elderly. Drug Abuse And Dependence Diazepam is subject to Schedule IV control under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Abuse and dependence of benzodiazepines have been reported.

Addiction- prone individuals (such as drug addicts or alcoholics) should be under careful surveillance when receiving diazepam or other psychotropic agents because of the predisposition of such patients to habituation and dependence. Once physical dependence to benzodiazepines has developed, termination of treatment will be accompanied by withdrawal symptoms . The risk is more pronounced in patients on long-term therapy. Withdrawal symptoms, similar in character to those noted with barbiturates and alcohol have occurred following abrupt discontinuance of diazepam. These withdrawal symptoms may consist of tremor, abdominal and muscle cramps, vomiting, sweating, headache, muscle pain, extreme anxiety, tension, restlessness, confusion and irritability. In severe cases, the following symptoms may occur: derealization, depersonalization, hyperacusis, numbness and tingling of the extremities, hypersensitivity to light, noise and physical contact, hallucinations or epileptic seizures. The more severe withdrawal symptoms have usually been limited to those patients who had received excessive doses over an extended period of time. Generally milder withdrawal symptoms (e.g., dysphoria and insomnia) have been reported following abrupt discontinuance of benzodiazepines taken continuously at therapeutic levels for several months.

Consequently, after extended therapy, abrupt discontinuation should generally be avoided and a gradual dosage tapering schedule followed. Chronic use (even at therapeutic doses) may lead to the development of physical dependence: discontinuation of the therapy may result in withdrawal or rebound phenomena. Rebound Anxiety: A transient syndrome whereby the symptoms that led to treatment with Valium recur in an enhanced form. This may occur upon discontinuation of treatment. It may be accompanied by other reactions including mood changes, anxiety, and restlessness. Since the risk of withdrawal phenomena and rebound phenomena is greater after abrupt discontinuation of treatment, it is recommended that the dosage be decreased gradually. Read the entire FDA prescribing information for Valium (Diazepam Tablets) Diazepam (Valium) - Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions | Everyday Health Diazepam (Valium) 17 Reviews 17 Reviews Diazepam is the generic name for Valium, a prescription drug doctors prescribe to treat symptoms of anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) , panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) .

Valium may also be prescribed to treat the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal known as "delirium tremens." Additionally, the drug can treat muscle spasms from injury, inflammation, or nerve disorders. Doctors sometimes prescribe Valium along with other medications to treat convulsions or seizures. Valium belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines, which work by increasing the effects of GABA , a neurotransmitter that moderates the activity of nerve signals in the brain. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved diazepam in 1963 under the brand name Valium for the Roche drug company. In 1985, the FDA approved generic diazepam, manufactured today by several drug companies. Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed drugs: According to reports in The New York Times and elsewhere, U.S. doctors issued more than 50 million prescriptions for Valium each year during the 1970s, when it was America's most popular prescription drug. Abuse of benzodiazepines, especially in combination with opiate painkillers, has become increasingly common in recent years.

The number of people admitted to treatment programs for abusing this drug combination increased nearly 570 percent from 2000 to 2010, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA ). The 'Valium High' and Abuse Potential Valium and other benzodiazepines have a high potential for abuse. Because these drugs can increase the effects of prescription painkillers such as opioids, some people abuse benzodiazepines along with opioids for the relaxed, euphoric "high" this combination offers. Cocaine addicts can use benzodiazepines to relieve uncomfortable side effects, like irritability and agitation. Abuse of benzodiazepines also includes using them to boost the effects of alcohol and ease the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. People who abuse benzodiazepines often refer to the drugs by their street names, including "benzos," "downers," "nerve pills," and "tranks." Valium can be habit-forming. If you take it for a long time, your body will build up tolerance (a resistance to the drug's effects).

If you stop taking Valium suddenly after taking it for a long time, you may have withdrawal symptoms including anxiety, irritability, and trouble sleeping. Valium is intended for short-term use. Because it may be habit-forming, it's not recommended that people take it for longer than four months. If you have had problems with drug or alcohol abuse in the past, you may be at higher risk for Valium becoming habit-forming. Drinking alcohol may make some side effects of Valium more severe. Valium for Dogs and Cats Valium is also given to dogs, cats, and other animals to treat anxiety, seizures, or loss of appetite. Additionally, it may be used as a sedative prior to surgery or other veterinary procedures. Valium for dogs and cats should only be used under a veterinarian's guidance. Pregnancy and Valium Valium is not safe to use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Taking Valium during pregnancy may lead to birth defects and withdrawal symptoms in newborns. Because Valium passes into breast milk, you should not breastfeed while on Valium. Before taking Valium, tell your doctor if you are pregnant, may be pregnant, or are breastfeeding.

If you become pregnant while taking Valium, tell your doctor right away. Children younger than 6 months should not take Valium. Valium Warnings Valium has many side effects. Always tell your doctor if you have allergies to any medications, including other benzodiazepines. Common brand names for other benzodiazepines include Xanax , Librium , Klonopin , Dalmane , and Ativan . Valium can interact with many medications, so take it with caution if you have certain medical conditions: You should not take Valium if you have a condition called myasthenia gravis. You should not take Valium if you have acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Tell your doctor about any other eye symptoms. You may not be able to take Valium if you have severe lung disease, liver disease, or sleep apnea . Other conditions your doctor needs to know about include heart problems, seizures, alcohol or drug abuse, and depression. If you are 65 or older, talk with your doctor about other medications that may work instead of Valium. The most common side effects of Valium are drowsiness, fatigue, muscle weakness, and clumsiness (called ataxia).

However, let your doctor know if you have any unusual side effects, including: Confusion Loss of interest in sex Leaking or trouble passing urine Diarrhea Changes in appetite Serious side effects of Valium can also occur. If you have any of these side effects, call your doctor or seek medical help right away: Extreme weakness or drowsiness Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue Worsening depression Hallucinations (seeing things that are not there) Delusions (believing things that are not true) Inability to pass urine Diazepam (Valium) Interactions Many drugs may affect the way Valium works, and Valium may affect other drugs you are taking. It's very important to let your doctor know about all drugs you are taking, including illegal or recreational drugs, any over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and any herbs or supplements.

Types of drugs that are known to interact with Valium and may cause problems include: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or MAOIs (drugs used for depression) Phenothiazines (drugs used for severe mental illness) Drugs used for anxiety, including fluoxetine (Prozac) Sedatives , muscle relaxants, and drugs used for sleep Cough and cold drugs that contain antihistamines Narcotic pain medications and barbiturates Drugs used to treat heartburn, including cimetidine (Tagamet) and ranitidine (Zantac) Drugs used to treat fungal infections, including ketoconazole (Nizoral) Drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease, including levodopa (Larodopa, Sinemet), Anti-seizure drugs, including valproic acid (Depakene) and phenytoin (Dilantin) Some heart medications, such as digoxin (Lanoxin) and metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL) Valium may make you feel drowsy and may affect your judgment. Until you know how Valium will affect you, don't drive or operate machinery.

Drinking alcohol may make some side effects of Valium more severe, causing problems. Valium comes in tablets, extended-release capsules, and liquid form. Swallow extended-release capsules whole. You shouldn't crush or break them. You can take Valium with or without food. In tablet form, Valium comes in 2-, 5-, and 10-milligram (mg) pills. Your dose will depend on the condition you have and your own response to Valium: A typical adult dose of Valium to treat anxiety may range from 2 to 10 mg two to four times a day. A typical adult dose of Valium to treat alcohol withdrawal may be 10 mg three to four times a day for 24 hours followed by 5 mg taken three to four times a day as needed. A typical adult dose of Valium to treat muscle spasms may range from 2 to 10 mg three to four times a day. A typical adult dose of Valium to treat seizures may range from 2 to 10 mg two to four times a day. Older people or people with a chronic illness may take 2 to 2.5 mg once or twice a day.

Valium Overdose An overdose of Valium can cause central nervous system depression. Symptoms can include: Extreme drowsiness Difficulty breathing Loss of consciousness It's possible to have a fatal overdose if you mix Valium with other drugs that also cause central nervous system depression. If an overdose occurs, call a poison center at 1-800-222-1222 or call 9-1-1. Missed Dose of Valium Take Valium exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not stop taking diazepam on your own. Stopping suddenly can cause withdrawal symptoms such as: Tremor Hallucinations Seizures If you miss a dose of Valium, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Don't double your dose to make up for a missed dose.

Diazepam 2 mg-ESI, white, round, Valium 2 mg, white, round, Valium 5 mg, yellow, round, Valium 10 mg, blue, round, Diazepam 2 mg-IVA, white, round, Diazepam 5 mg-IVA, yellow, round, Diazepam 10 mg-IVA, blue, round, Diazepam 5 mg-SCH, yellow, round, Diazepam 2 mg-MYL, white, round, Diazepam 5 mg-MYL, orange, round, Diazepam 10 mg-MYL, green, round, Diazepam 2 mg-BAR, white, round, Diazepam 10 mg-BAR, blue, round, Diazepam 5 mg-BAR, yellow, round, Diazepam 5 mg-WAT, yellow, round, Diazepam 10 mg-WAT, blue, round, Diazepam 2 mg-WAT, white, round, See All Images Diazepam (Valium) FAQ Q: What are the symptoms of a diazepam overdose? A: Diazepam (Valium) is an anxiolytic sedative classified as a benzodiazepine.

Diazepam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders, for the symptomatic relief in acute alcohol withdrawal and as an adjunctive treatment for the relief of skeletal muscle spasms. Diazepam may also be used as an adjunctive therapy for convulsive disorders. The most common symptoms of a diazepam overdose include drowsiness, excessive sedation, ataxia, confusion and reduced reflexes. A diazepam overdose rarely causes coma and very rarely causes death. A diazepam overdose typically does not present a life-threatening situation unless a patient has also ingested other central nervous system depressants, including alcohol. As the effects of the diazepam overdose begin to diminish, a patient may experience symptoms of jitteriness and overstimulation. Unless a patient suffers from a severe diazepam overdose, there are minimal effects on respiration, pulse rate and blood pressure. If you suspect you may be experiencing symptoms of a diazepam overdose, it is paramount to seek medical treatment immediately. When managing a diazepam overdose, it is important to consider if a patient has ingested any other agents prior to beginning treatment. To treat a diazepam overdose, if the patient is conscious, vomiting should be induced within one hour.

Gastric lavage may be used for the treatment of a diazepam overdose if performed soon after ingestion. Activated charcoal may also be used to decrease absorption if there is no advantage to emptying the stomach. Other treatments may be performed in more serious cases, but must be administered with caution. It is important to take diazepam exactly as directed to avoid an overdose situation. Do not take diazepam in larger amounts or for a longer duration than prescribed by a physician. Q: What are diazepam withdrawal symptoms? A: Diazepam (Valium) is categorized as a benzodiazepine. Diazepam is approved for the management of anxiety disorders, the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms and muscle spasms. Diazepam is also approved as an adjunctive treatment for seizures. Diazepam is classified by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as a controlled substance and may precipitate physical and psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. If physical dependence to diazepam has developed, a patient will experience withdrawal symptoms if the medication is abruptly discontinued.

Diazepam withdrawal symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, extreme anxiety, tension, restlessness, confusion, irritability, tremor, abdominal and muscle cramps, vomiting and sweating. In more severe cases of diazepam withdrawal, symptoms may consist of derealization, depersonalization, increased sensitivity to sound, numbness and tingling of the extremities, increased sensitivity to light or physical contact, hallucinations or epileptic seizures. The more severe diazepam withdrawal symptoms are more likely in patients who have been given higher doses and with more prolonged use. Patients are advised against abrupt discontinuation of treatment with diazepam. If discontinuation is warranted or desired, consult with a health care provider to determine an appropriate taper schedule. A gradual dosage tapering should be performed under the supervision of a physician to avoid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms may also occur if patients are switched from long-acting benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, to more short-acting benzodiazepines. Treatment with diazepam should be no longer than two to three months, including the gradual dosage taper. There is also a potential risk for rebound anxiety as well.

Rebound anxiety is a temporary syndrome in which the symptoms that were present prior to treatment recur and are enhanced. Rebound anxiety is more likely with abrupt discontinuation of diazepam. According to the prescribing information for Valium, the brand-name of diazepam, it is recommended to decrease the dosage gradually. Q: What are the uses for diazepam? A: Diazepam (Valium) is therapeutically classified as an anxiolytic-sedative medication belonging to the benzodiazepine class. Diazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine. Diazepam has central nervous system depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. However, the exact mechanism of action of the benzodiazepines, including diazepam, has not been fully elucidated. There are several uses for diazepam which have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Diazepam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term of the symptoms of anxiety.

According to the prescribing information for Valium, the brand-name of diazepam, benzodiazepines should not be employed as monotherapy for the treatment of depression or anxiety associated with depression as suicidal tendencies may be present in this patient population. Another use for diazepam is for symptomatic relief in patients experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Diazepam may be useful in alleviating symptoms including acute agitation, tremor and impending acute delirium tremens. Diazepam is also indicated as an adjunctive treatment for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm associated with certain neurospastic conditions and reflex spasms caused by local pathology, such as inflammation of muscles or joints secondary to trauma. Diazepam also has anticonvulsant properties and is indicated as an adjunctive therapy to treat certain convulsive disorders. Treatment with diazepam is not recommended patients dependent on other substances, including alcohol, except for the symptomatic management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Benzodiazepines, including diazepam, should be administered with extreme caution in patients with a past medical history of drug or alcohol abuse and should not be used as a primary treatment in patients with a diagnosis of psychotic illness.

For all of the uses for diazepam, the lowest effective dose required to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes should be administered for the shortest duration possible. Treatment with diazepam, for any of the FDA approved indications, should not exceed two to three months, including a gradual dosage tapering period to avoid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. Q: Do you use benzodiazepines to treat anxiety? A: Benzodiazepines are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety and tension associated by everyday life stressors typically does not warrant treatment with anxiolytic medications. In addition to their role in the treatment of anxiety disorders, some of the benzodiazepines also have sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant properties. They are also used to treat panic disorder, induce sleep and as an adjunct to anesthesia prior to surgery or procedures. There are several different medications belonging to the benzodiazepine class.

According to the Drug Enforcement Administration's (DEA) Office of Diversion Control, alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium) and temazepam (Restoril) are the five most prescribed benzodiazepines. Alprazolam is approved, by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for the management of anxiety disorders, for the short-term symptomatic relief of anxiety and for the management of anxiety associated with depression. Alprazolam is also approved for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. Lorazepam is approved, by the FDA, for the management of anxiety disorders, for the short-term symptomatic relief of anxiety or for the management of anxiety caused by the symptoms of depression. The effectiveness of lorazepam, for treatment greater than 4 months, has not been assessed in clinical trials and it is advisable to periodically re-assess the need for treatment. Clonazepam is used to treat certain types of seizure disorders, alone or as an adjunct to treatment.

Clonazepam is also useful in the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. Similar to lorazepam, the effectiveness of clonazepam, for long-term use greater than 9 weeks, has not been assessed and the long-term usefulness of treatment should be re-assessed periodically as well. Diazepam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders, for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms or for symptomatic relief in acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Diazepam is also useful as an adjunctive treatment for skeletal muscle spasm or convulsive disorders. Temazepam is approved only for the short-term treatment of insomnia and should only be prescribed for 7 to 10 days of treatment. Q: What are the instructions for taking diazepam? A: Diazepam (Valium) is an anxiolytic agent. Diazepam is classified as a benzodiazepine medication and is a central nervous system depressant. In addition to the anti-anxiety properties of diazepam, it also demonstrates anticonvulsant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Diazepam is approved, by the U.S.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for symptomatic relief in acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome and for the management of symptoms of mild to moderate degrees of anxiety in certain conditions. Diazepam is also approved as an adjunctive treatment for muscle spasms and certain seizure disorders. The instructions for taking diazepam are dependent upon the indication for which it has been prescribed. In all patients, treatment should be highly individualized and should be aimed at achieving desired therapeutic outcomes with the lowest dose possible and for the shortest treatment duration necessary. For symptomatic relief in acute alcohol withdrawal, the usual dose is 10 mg three to four times daily in the first 24 hours and should be reduced to 5 mg administered three to four times daily as needed thereafter. For the symptomatic relief in anxiety disorders, the typical adult dose is 2 mg to 10 mg two to four times daily. The instructions for taking diazepam as an adjunctive treatment for muscle spasm are 2 mg to 10 mg three to four times daily. When diazepam is used for its anticonvulsant properties, the usual dose is 2 mg to 10 mg two to four times daily as an adjunctive therapy.

A lower dose is recommended in patients with respiratory insufficiency as a result of the potential for respiratory depression. Additionally, in elderly or debilitated patients, it is advisable to initiate treatment with the smallest, effective dose to prevent the development of symptoms including ataxia, excessive sedation or other possible adverse reactions caused by central nervous system depression. This population of patients is more sensitive to central nervous system depression and more likely to experience related side effects. The instructions for taking diazepam should also include an advisory to patients to exercise caution when engaging in tasks that require mental alertness and physical coordination. Q: What is diazepam used to treat? A: Diazepam (Valium) is a benzodiazepine commonly used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. Diazepam is not indicated for the treatment of depression. Diazepam is a controlled substance and may become habit forming. Only take diazepam as prescribed by your doctor. Diazepam should be taken with a full glass of water. Diazepam is usually taken as needed for panic or anxiety or at bedtime for sleep. Feeling tired or drowsy after a dose of diazepam is very common.

Common side effects associated with treatment with diazepam are drowsiness, changes in appetite and sex drive. Serious side effects, which should be reported to your healthcare provider immediately, include confusion, depression, feeling lightheaded or faint, changes in mood, muscle cramps, trouble sleeping, and feeling unusually tired. Withdrawal symptoms can occur even after short-term use of diazepam and can range from mild to major withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms of diazepam may include insomnia, headache, confusion, abdominal and muscle cramps, vomiting, sweating, tremors, and seizures. Recurrent symptoms of panic disorder can occur and be more severe than before starting treatment with diazepam.

Stopping diazepam should be done under a doctor By Chris Iliades, MD, and Mary Elizabeth Dallas | Medically Reviewed by Farrokh Sohrabi, MD Latest Update: 2014-04-29 Diazepam: MedlinePlus Drug Information [Posted 08/31/2016] AUDIENCE: Pharmacy, Internal Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology, Family Practice ISSUE: FDA review has found that the growing combined use of opioid medicines with benzodiazepines or other drugs that depress the central nervous system (CNS) has resulted in serious side effects, including slowed or difficult breathing and deaths. Opioids are used to treat pain and cough; benzodiazepines are used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. In an effort to decrease the use of opioids and benzodiazepines, or opioids and other CNS depressants, together, FDA is adding Boxed Warnings, our strongest warnings, to the drug labeling of prescription opioid pain and prescription opioid cough medicines, and benzodiazepines. See the Drug Safety Communication, available at: , for a listing of all approved prescription opioid pain and cough medicines, and benzodiazepines and other CNS depressants.

FDA conducted and reviewed several studies showing that serious risks are associated with the combined use of opioids and benzodiazepines, other drugs that depress the CNS, or alcohol (see the FDA Drug Safety Communication, available at: , for a Data Summary). Based on these data, FDA is requiring several changes to reflect these risks in the opioid and benzodiazepine labeling, and new or revised patient Medication Guides. These changes include the new Boxed Warnings and revisions to the Warnings and Precautions, Drug Interactions, and Patient Counseling Information sections of the labeling. FDA is continuing to evaluate the evidence regarding combined use of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants with medication-assisted therapy (MAT) drugs used to treat opioid addiction and dependence. FDA is also evaluating whether labeling changes are needed for other CNS depressants, and will update the public when more information is available. BACKGROUND: Opioids are powerful prescription medicines that can help manage pain when other treatments and medicines cannot be taken or are not able to provide enough pain relief. Benzodiazepines are a class of medicines that are widely used to treat conditions including anxiety, insomnia, and seizures.

RECOMMENDATION: Health care professionalsshould limit prescribing opioid pain medicines with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants only to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If these medicines are prescribed together, limit the dosages and duration of each drug to the minimum possible while achieving the desired clinical effect. Warn patients and caregivers about the risks of slowed or difficult breathing and/or sedation, and the associated signs and symptoms. Avoid prescribing prescription opioid cough medicines for patients taking benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including alcohol. Patients taking opioids with benzodiazepines, other CNS depressant medicines, or alcohol, and caregivers of these patients, should seek medical attention immediately if they or someone they are caring for experiences symptoms of unusual dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness. For more information visit the FDA website at: and . Why is this medication prescribed? Diazepam is used to relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures and to control agitation caused by alcohol withdrawal. How should this medicine be used? Diazepam comes as a tablet, extended-release (long-acting) capsule, and concentrate (liquid) to take by mouth.

Do not open, chew, or crush the extended-release capsules; swallow them whole. It is usually taken 1 to 4 times a day and may be taken with or without food. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take diazepam exactly as directed. Diazepam concentrate (liquid) comes with a specially marked dropper for measuring the dose. Ask your pharmacist to show you how to use the dropper. Dilute the concentrate in water, juice, or carbonated beverages just before taking it. It also may be mixed with applesauce or pudding just before taking the dose. Diazepam can be habit-forming. Do not take a larger dose, take it more often, or for a longer time than your doctor tells you to. Tolerance may develop with long-term or excessive use, making the drug less effective. This medication must be taken regularly to be effective. Do not skip doses even if you feel that you do not need them. Do not take diazepam for more than 4 months or stop taking this medication without talking to your doctor.

Stopping the drug suddenly can worsen your condition and cause withdrawal symptoms (anxiousness, sleeplessness, and irritability). Your doctor probably will decrease your dose gradually. Other uses for this medicine Diazepam is also used to treat irritable bowel syndrome and panic attacks. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this drug for your condition. This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. What special precautions should I follow? Before taking diazepam, tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to diazepam, alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium, Librax), clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), estazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), lorazepam (Ativan), oxazepam (Serax), prazepam (Centrax), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion), or any other drugs.

tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially antihistamines; cimetidine (Tagamet); digoxin (Lanoxin); disulfiram (Antabuse); fluoxetine (Prozac); isoniazid (INH, Laniazid, Nydrazid); ketoconazole (Nizoral); levodopa (Larodopa, Sinemet); medications for depression, seizures, pain, Parkinson's disease, asthma, colds, or allergies; metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL); muscle relaxants; oral contraceptives; probenecid (Benemid); propoxyphene (Darvon); propranolol (Inderal); ranitidine (Zantac); rifampin (Rifadin); sedatives; sleeping pills; theophylline (Theo-Dur); tranquilizers; valproic acid (Depakene); and vitamins. These medications may add to the drowsiness caused by diazepam. if you use antacids, take diazepam first, then wait 1 hour before taking the antacid.

tell your doctor if you have or have ever had glaucoma; seizures; or lung, heart, or liver disease. tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking diazepam, call your doctor immediately. talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking diazepam if you are 65 years of age or older. Older adults should not usually take diazepam because it is not as safe as other medications that can be used to treat the same conditions. if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking diazepam. you should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you. remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug. tell your doctor if you use tobacco products. Cigarette smoking may decrease the effectiveness of this drug. What should I do if I forget a dose? If you take several doses per day and miss a dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause? Side effects from diazepam are common and include the following: drowsiness yellowing of the skin or eyes irregular heartbeat If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online ( ) or by phone (1-800-332-1088). What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication? Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication. In case of emergency/overdose In case of overdose, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local emergency services at 911. What other information should I know? Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will order certain lab tests to check your response to diazepam.

Diazepam can cause false results in urine tests for sugar using Clinistix and Diastix. Diabetic patients should use TesTape to test their urine for sugar. If you are taking diazepam to control seizures and have an increase in their frequency or severity, call your doctor. Your dose may need to be adjusted. If you use diazepam for seizures, carry identification (Medic Alert) stating that you have epilepsy and that you are taking diazepam. Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription. It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.

Common Side Effects of Diazepam (Diazepam Tablets) Drug Center - RxList Diazepam Injection Overview Last reviewed on RxList 10/12/2016 Diazepam Injection (brand name: Valium) is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety and muscle spasms. The injection form of diazepam is used when the medication cannot be taken by mouth. Diazepam injection is also used in patients with alcohol withdrawal to prevent seizures and treat other symptoms (e.g., agitation, anxiety, hallucinations), for short-term treatment of serious seizures that do not stop ( status epilepticus ), or before surgeries or procedures to cause drowsiness, decrease anxiety, and cause forgetfulness about the procedure or surgery. Diazepam injection is available in generic form. Common side effects of diazepam injection include: drowsiness, difficulty walking, or yellowing eyes or skin. Dosage of Diazepam Injection depends on the condition being treated and its severity. The usual recommended dose in older children and adults ranges from 2 mg to 20 mg I.M. or I.V.

Diazepam Injection may interact with fluvoxamine, kava, phenytoin, cimetidine, ketoconazole, omeprazole, antihistamines , anti- seizure drugs, medicine for sleep or anxiety, muscle relaxants, narcotics, or psychiatric medicines. This medication contains a small amount of alcohol. Tell your doctor if you are taking drugs such as disulfiram or metronidazole that can adversely interact with alcohol. Diazepam Injection is not recommended for use during pregnancy. It may harm a fetus. This drug may pass into breast milk and have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Breastfeeding while using this medication is not recommended. Diazepam Injection may cause withdrawal symptoms (shakiness, trouble sleeping, muscle cramps, vomiting, sweating, seizures, mental/mood changes such as anxiety/agitation) if you suddenly stop using this medication. Our Diazepam Injection (brand name: Valium) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. What is Patient Information Overview? A concise overview of the drug for the patient or caregiver from First DataBank. (Adverse Reactions) SIDE EFFECTS Side effects most commonly reported were drowsiness, fatigue, muscle weakness, and ataxia . The following have also been reported: Central Nervous System: confusion, depression, dysarthria , headache, slurred speech, tremor , vertigo Gastrointestinal System: constipation, nausea, gastrointestinal disturbances Special Senses : blurred vision, diplopia , dizziness Cardiovascular System: hypotension Psychiatric and Paradoxical Reactions : stimulation, restlessness, acute hyperexcited states, anxiety, agitation, aggressiveness, irritability, rage, hallucinations, psychoses, delusions, increased muscle spasticity , insomnia, sleep disturbances, and nightmares. Inappropriate behavior and other adverse behavioral effects have been reported when using benzodiazepines . Should these occur, use of the drug should be discontinued. They are more likely to occur in children and in the elderly.

Urogenital System: incontinence , changes in libido , urinary retention Skin and Appendages : skin reactions Laboratories : elevated transaminases and alkaline phosphatase Other: changes in salivation, including dry mouth , hypersalivation Antegrade amnesia may occur using therapeutic dosages, the risk increasing at higher dosages. Amnestic effects may be associated with inappropriate behavior. Minor changes in EEG patterns, usually low-voltage fast activity, have been observed in patients during and after diazepam therapy and are of no known significance. Because of isolated reports of neutropenia and jaundice , periodic blood counts and liver function tests are advisable during long-term therapy. Postmarketing Experience Injury, Poisoning, And Procedural Complications There have been reports of falls and fractures in benzodiazepine users. The risk is increased in those taking concomitant sedatives (including alcohol) and in the elderly. Drug Abuse And Dependence Diazepam is subject to Schedule IV control under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Abuse and dependence of benzodiazepines have been reported.

Addiction- prone individuals (such as drug addicts or alcoholics) should be under careful surveillance when receiving diazepam or other psychotropic agents because of the predisposition of such patients to habituation and dependence. Once physical dependence to benzodiazepines has developed, termination of treatment will be accompanied by withdrawal symptoms . The risk is more pronounced in patients on long-term therapy. Withdrawal symptoms, similar in character to those noted with barbiturates and alcohol have occurred following abrupt discontinuance of diazepam. These withdrawal symptoms may consist of tremor, abdominal and muscle cramps, vomiting, sweating, headache, muscle pain, extreme anxiety, tension, restlessness, confusion and irritability. In severe cases, the following symptoms may occur: derealization, depersonalization, hyperacusis, numbness and tingling of the extremities, hypersensitivity to light, noise and physical contact, hallucinations or epileptic seizures. The more severe withdrawal symptoms have usually been limited to those patients who had received excessive doses over an extended period of time. Generally milder withdrawal symptoms (e.g., dysphoria and insomnia) have been reported following abrupt discontinuance of benzodiazepines taken continuously at therapeutic levels for several months.

Consequently, after extended therapy, abrupt discontinuation should generally be avoided and a gradual dosage tapering schedule followed. Chronic use (even at therapeutic doses) may lead to the development of physical dependence: discontinuation of the therapy may result in withdrawal or rebound phenomena. Rebound Anxiety A transient syndrome whereby the symptoms that led to treatment with diazepam recur in an enhanced form. This may occur upon discontinuation of treatment. It may be accompanied by other reactions including mood changes, anxiety, and restlessness. Since the risk of withdrawal phenomena and rebound phenomena is greater after abrupt discontinuation of treatment, it is recommended that the dosage be decreased gradually. Diazepam Dosage Guide with Precautions - Drugs.com Usual Adult Dose for Anxiety Oral: 2 to 10 mg 2 to 4 times a day. IM or IV: 2 to 5 mg (moderate anxiety) or 5 to 10 mg (severe anxiety) for one dose. May repeat in 3 to 4 hours, if necessary.

Usual Adult Dose for Alcohol Withdrawal Oral: 10 mg 3 to 4 times during the first 24 hours, then 5 mg 3 to 4 times a day as needed. IM or IV: 5 to 10 mg one time. May repeat in 3 to 4 hours, if necessary. Usual Adult Dose for ICU Agitation Initial dose: 0.02 to 0.08 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes every 0.5 to 2 hours to control acute agitation. Maintenance dose: 0.4 to 0.2 mg/kg/hr by continuous IV infusion. Usual Adult Dose for Muscle Spasm Oral: 2 to 10 mg 3 to 4 times a day. IM or IV: 5 to 10 mg initially, then 5 to 10 mg in 3 to 4 hours, if necessary. For tetanus, larger doses may be required. Usual Adult Dose for Seizures Oral: 2 to 10 mg 2 to 4 times a day. Rectal gel: 0.2 mg/kg, rounded up to the nearest available unit dose.

A supplemental dose of 2.5 mg may be added for more precise titration or if a portion of the first dose is expelled. May repeat in 4 to 12 hours. Maximum of 1 episode every 5 days, or 5 episodes per month. Usual Adult Dose for Endoscopy or Radiology Premedication IV: 10 mg or less is usually adequate; however up to 20 mg may be necessary to produce the desired sedation in some patients. IM: If IV cannot be used, 5 to 10 mg 30 minutes prior to the procedure. Dosage of narcotics should be reduced by at least a third and in some cases may be omitted. Usual Adult Dose for Status Epilepticus IV or IM: 5 to 10 mg initially (IV preferred). May be repeated at 10 to 15 minute intervals up to a maximum dose of 30 mg. If necessary, may be repeated again in 2 to 4 hours. Usual Adult Dose for Light Anesthesia Premedication for Anesthesia: 10 mg, IM (preferred route), 1 to 2 hours before surgery.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Seizures Rectal gel: Infants less than 6 months old: Not recommended; product contains benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, ethanol 10%, propylene glycol, and sodium benzoate. Prolonged CNS depression has been reported in neonates receiving diazepam. Infants and Children 6 months to 2 years: Dose not established 2 to 5 years: 0.5 mg/kg, rounded up to the nearest available unit dose. 6 to 11 years: 0.3 mg/kg, rounded up to the nearest available unit dose. 12 years or greater: 0.2 mg/kg, rounded up to the nearest available unit dose. A supplemental dose of 2.5 mg may be added in 10 minutes for more precise titration or if a portion of the first dose is expelled. May repeat in 4 to 12 hours. Maximum of 1 episode every 5 days, or 5 episodes per month.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Status Epilepticus Neonates: IV: (This is not recommended as a first line agent because the injection contains benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, and sodium benzoate): 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg/dose given over 3 to 5 minutes, every 15 to 30 minutes to a maximum total dose of 2 mg. Infants greater than 30 days old and Children: IV: 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg dose given over 3 to 5 minutes, every 5 to 10 minutes (maximum of 10 mg/dose). Manufacturer recommendation: Infants greater than 30 days old and Children less than 5 years: IV: 0.2 to 0.5 mg slow IV every 2 to 5 minutes up to a maximum total dose of 5 mg. Repeat in 2 to 4 hours if needed. Children greater than or equal to 5 years: IV: 1 mg slow IV every 2 to 5 minutes up to a maximum of 10 mg. Repeat in 2 to 4 hours if needed.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Anxiety 1 to 12 years: Oral: 0.12 to 0.8 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 to 8 hours as needed. IM: 0.04 to 0.3 mg/kg every 2 to 4 hours as needed, up to a maximum of 0.6 mg/kg in 8 hours. Febrile seizure prophylaxis in children: Oral: 1 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 8 hours. Initiate therapy at first sign of fever and continue for 24 hours after fever resolves. Usual Pediatric Dose for Muscle Spasm 1 to 12 years: Oral: 0.12 to 0.8 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 to 8 hours as needed. IM: 0.04 to 0.3 mg/kg every 2 to 4 hours as needed, up to a maximum of 0.6 mg/kg in 8 hours. Febrile seizure prophylaxis in children: Oral: 1 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 8 hours.

Initiate therapy at first sign of fever and continue for 24 hours after fever resolves. Usual Pediatric Dose for Seizure Prophylaxis 1 to 12 years: Oral: 0.12 to 0.8 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 to 8 hours as needed. IM: 0.04 to 0.3 mg/kg every 2 to 4 hours as needed, up to a maximum of 0.6 mg/kg in 8 hours. Febrile seizure prophylaxis in children: Oral: 1 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 8 hours. Initiate therapy at first sign of fever and continue for 24 hours after fever resolves. Usual Pediatric Dose for Light Sedation Conscious sedation for procedures: Oral: 1 to 12 years: 0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg orally 45 to 60 minutes before procedure, up to a maximum of 10 mg 13 to 18 years: 5 mg orally 45 to 60 minutes before procedure, may repeat with 2.5 mg dose.

Sedation: 1 to 12 years: Oral: 0.02 to 0.3 mg/kg every 6 to 8 hours as needed. IM: 0.04 to 0.3 mg/kg IM every 2 to 4 hours as needed, up to a maximum of 0.6 mg/kg in 8 hours. 13 to 18 years: Oral: 2 to 10 mg 2 to 4 times a day as needed. IM or IV: 2 to 10 mg 2 to 4 times a day as needed. Usual Pediatric Dose for Tetanus Less than 1 month: 0.83 to 1.67 mg/kg/hour by continuous IV infusion, or 1.67 to 3.33 mg/kg IV, slowly, every 2 hours (20 to 40 mg/kg/day). Diazepam injection is not recommended as the drug of choice for neonates due to its benzyl alcohol and propylene glycol content.

1 month to 5 years: 1 to 2 mg IM or IV, slowly, repeated every 3 to 4 hours as necessary, or 15 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 2 hours. Greater than 5 years: 5 to 10 mg IM or IV, slowly, repeated every 3 to 4 hours as necessary. Renal Dose Adjustments Data not available Liver Dose Adjustments In mild and moderate cirrhosis, average half-life of diazepam is increased. The average increase has been variously reported from 2 to 5 fold, with individual half-lives over 500 hours. There is also an increase in volume of distribution, and average clearance decreases by almost half. Mean half-life is also prolonged with hepatic fibrosis to 90 hours, with chronic active hepatitis to 60 hours, and with acute viral hepatitis to 74 hours. In chronic active hepatitis, clearance is decreased by almost half. Precautions Should be used with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.

Diazepam injection is not recommended for neonates due to its long half-life and prolonged central nervous system depression and potential toxicity associated with the benzyl alcohol preservative and propylene glycol solvent. Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients less than 6 months of age. Dialysis Diazepam is not dialyzable. Other Comments IV diazepam should be administered slowly over 2 to 5 minutes. Maximum IV push injection rate is 5 mg/minute for adults and 1 to 2 mg/minute for infants and children. Oral concentrate should be diluted with liquids or semiliquid food immediately before use. diazepam oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD 251 Uses Diazepam is used to treat anxiety , alcohol withdrawal , and seizures . It is also used to relieve muscle spasms and to provide sedation before medical procedures. This medication works by calming the brain and nerves. Diazepam belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines . How to use diazepam Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor.

If you are using the liquid form of this medication, carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If you are using the concentrated solution, use the medicine dropper provided and mix the measured dose with a small amount of liquid or soft food (such as applesauce, pudding). Take all of the mixture right away. Do not store the mixture for later use. The dosage is based on your medical condition, age, and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often or for longer than prescribed. Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase. Properly stop the medication when so directed. If you suddenly stop using this medication, you may have withdrawal symptoms (such as shaking, abdominal/muscle cramps, vomiting , sweating , anxiety , restlessness, seizures). To help prevent withdrawal, your doctor may lower your dose slowly. Withdrawal is more likely if you have used diazepam for a long time or in high doses. Tell your doctor or pharmacist right away if you have withdrawal. When this medication is used for a long time, it may not work as well.

Talk with your doctor if this medication stops working well. Along with its benefits, this medication may rarely cause abnormal drug-seeking behavior ( addiction ). This risk may be increased if you have abused alcohol or drugs in the past. Take this medication exactly as prescribed to lessen the risk of addiction. Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while using this medication unless your doctor or pharmacist says you may do so safely. Grapefruit can increase the chance of side effects with this medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details. If directed by your doctor, take this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day. Tell your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse. What conditions does diazepam treat? Side Effects Drowsiness, dizziness , tiredness, blurred vision , or unsteadiness may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: mental/mood changes (such as memory problems, agitation, hallucinations , confusion, restlessness, depression ), trouble speaking, trouble walking, muscle weakness , shaking (tremors), trouble urinating, yellowing eyes / skin , signs of infection (such as sore throat that doesn't go away, fever, chills). Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: slow/shallow breathing. A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction , including: rash , itching /swelling (especially of the face/ tongue /throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing . This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. In the US - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345. List diazepam side effects by likelihood and severity. Precautions Before taking diazepam, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to oxazepam or temazepam ; or if you have any other allergies . This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: a certain muscle disease ( myasthenia gravis ), lung /breathing problems (such as COPD , sleep apnea ), mental/ mood disorders (such as depression , thoughts of suicide , psychosis ), drug or alcohol abuse, glaucoma , liver disease, kidney disease . This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy or cause blurred vision . Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Some liquid products may contain alcohol. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products). For some children, instead of having a calming effect, diazepam may have the opposite effect, causing mental/mood changes (such as agitation, hallucinations, restlessness). Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially drowsiness and loss of coordination. These side effects can increase the risk of falling. For some older adults, instead of having a calming effect, diazepam may have the opposite effect, causing mental/mood changes (such as agitation, hallucinations, restlessness). This medication is not recommended for use during pregnancy . It may harm an unborn baby. If you become pregnant or think you may be pregnant, tell your doctor right away. Consult your doctor for more details. This drug passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant . Breast -feeding while using this medication is not recommended. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding. Interactions See also How to Use section. Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions.

Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval. Some products that may interact with this drug include: clozapine, fluvoxamine, sodium oxybate. The risk of serious side effects (such as slow/shallow breathing, severe drowsiness/dizziness) may be increased if this medication is taken with other products that may also affect breathing or cause drowsiness. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other products such as alcohol, antihistamines (such as cetirizine, diphenhydramine), other drugs for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants (such as carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine), and narcotic pain relievers (such as codeine, hydrocodone). Check the labels on all your medicines (such as allergy or cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that cause drowsiness. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely. This medication may interfere with certain lab tests, possibly causing false test results.

Make sure lab personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug. Should I avoid certain foods while taking diazepam? Overdose If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: severe drowsiness, slow reflexes, slow/shallow breathing, fainting, loss of consciousness. Notes Do not share this medication with others. It is against the law. If this drug is used for a long period of time, lab and/or medical tests (such as liver function tests, complete blood count) may be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Missed Dose If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up. Storage Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom.

If you are using the concentrated solution, discard the opened bottle after 90 days. Keep all medications away from children and pets. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company. MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada). Information last revised July 2016. Copyright(c) 2016 First Databank, Inc. Images

Question: What is the more common name for diazepam?
Answer: Valium