KIWI. It's a bird, it's a shoe polish - no, it's a small, hairy brown fruit with emerald-green brilliance inside - CSMonitor.com KIWI. It's a bird, it's a shoe polish - no, it's a small, hairy brown fruit with emerald-green brilliance inside By John Edward Young, Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor September 5, 1984 Save for later Saved When I was a youngster and my mother sent me to the store for kiwi, I came home with shoe polish. There wasn't any choice. Not anymore. When New Zealand kiwifruit hit the international market several years ago, it quickly became the darling of nouvelle cuisine. Chefs fell for it instantly - which is not surprising. A slice of round, clear, emerald-green fruit sprinkled with tiny black seeds looks like a jewel, has a delicious, not-too-sweet taste, and a touch of exotica. ''It's the only naturally green edible fruit,'' says Winifred Morice, a spokeswoman for the New Zealand Kiwifruit Authority. ''Of course there are limes , but nobody sits down and eats a lime.

The fact that it isn't too sweet makes it complimentary to both sweet and savory dishes,'' she adds. Photos of the Day Photos of the day 02/08 Although this egg-shaped little fruit - named after New Zealand's indigenous flightless, nocturnal bird - is growing more popular, Ms. Morice thinks nature's little way of packaging has held it back somewhat. ''Many people don't realize that the beautiful green fruit they've seen in color photographs in magazines is inside that brown fuzzy skin.'' She has heard it described as everything from a turtle egg or old tennis ball to a fruit with hair. But most people aren't too sure what it is in its unpeeled state. ''We were at a food conference last year in Chicago,'' Ms. Morice recalls. ''Although most people knew what they were when we handed them out, one man refused to try it and dismissed it with, 'No thank you. That's that strange vegetable from South America.' '' Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinesis) is thought to be from the Yangtze Valley in China. The grapelike vines were introduced to New Zealand about 80 years ago.

Most kiwifruit comes from New Zealand to California by way of surface mail. From there it is shipped around the country. It is also grown in California. Israel, too, is growing it and will be harvesting its first crop this year. But there's not much rivalry between the established growers of New Zealand and the budding California industry. ''There's no conflict, because the season for New Zealand fruit is May to October and in California it's from November to April,'' Ms. Morice says. ''New Zealand growers often host California growers and help them out as well.'' She suggests that kiwis may be bought when the fruit is firm, but should not be eaten until they begin to soften. They will soften at room temperature in one to three weeks but may be kept in the refrigerator up to six months. Ripening may be quickened by placing the fruit in a plastic bag with an apple or banana. Both emit ethylene gas, which will ripen the kiwi in a few days. ''But don't forget to peel them before you eat them,'' Ms. Morice warns.

''And if you whip them up in a blender for a drink, don't process them too long or the seeds will break down and the kiwi will turn gray,'' she adds. ''I like to put a peeled kiwi in the blender with a glass of orange juice, whip it up for a few seconds, pour it into a glass, and top it off with club soda,'' she says. Here is another of Ms. Morice's kiwi recipes. Chinese Kiwifruit Salad 2 whole chicken breasts, steamed, boned, skinned, and shredded 1/4 cup soy dressing (recipe follows) 1/2 pound cooked shrimps 1 can (8 ounces) sliced water chestnuts, drained 1 medium cucumber, sliced 4 kiwifruit, peeled and sliced 3 green onions (scallions) sliced diagonally 1 medium head lettuce Saute almonds in butter until golden. Remove and drain on paper towel. Combine chicken with soy dressing. Chill at least one hour. Arrange almonds, chicken, shrimps, water chestnuts, cucumber, kiwifruit, green onions, and lettuce in separate bowls. Let guests design their own salads on beds of lettuce and serve soy dressing separately.

Or combine, toss with dressing, and arrange on lettuce in large bowl or platter. Makes 4 to 6 servings. Soy Dressing Give word which has both mening.1. Pencil brand & lord of dance2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical in - Give word which has both mening. 1. Pencil brand & lord of dance 2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical instrument 4. A car brand & Lord Ramas devote. 5. Name of fruit & name of shoe polish. 6. Mobile brand & fruit name. 7. Name of bulb company & Source of energy. 8. A shoe Company & underground train. 9. Watch brand & Resident of country. 10. Mineral watch company & Mountain range. 11. Name of bird & Beer brand. Solve fast :: Ask Me Fast Give word which has both mening.1. pencil brand & lord of dance2. birth sign in english & type of disease. 3. name of soap & a musical in Give word which has both mening.1. Pencil brand & lord of dance2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease.

3. Name of soap & a musical instrument4. A car brand & Lord Ramas devote.5. Name of fruit & name of shoe polish.6. Mobile brand & fruit name.7. Name of bulb company & Source of energy. 8. A shoe Company & underground train.9. Watch brand & Resident of country. 10. Mineral watch company & Mountain range.11. Name of bird & Beer brand.Solve fast A Top Solutions Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment Was this answer helpful? Yes | No saravanan.natarajan.75 Was this comment helpful? Yes | No mdanwar.annu Was this comment helpful? Yes | No Someone said: 3 Himalaya Was this comment helpful? Yes | No Someone said: all of above Was this comment helpful? Yes | No Someone said: 3. santoor Was this comment helpful? Yes | No Comment Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment Suggested Solutions (10) What's this?

"56 is one type of disease..." 1 Tweet The 9 letter word - 123456789 in the riddle: "If you lose it, you die. If you have 234, you can 1234. 56 is one type of disease. 89 indicates exact location. 2 and 7 are same letter, 3 and 8 are same letter, and 5 and 9 are same letter" is `heartbeat`. The 9 letter word `heartbeat` is the correct answer because if you lose this, you will definitely die. A human`s heartbeat is the indication of his or her life. Using each letters on the word heartbeat, you can come up with what you are looking for in the riddle. Considering the letters H-E-A-R-T-B-E-A-T as 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9 respectively. The riddle says if you have 234, you can 1234, thus considering the letter E-A-R as 234, and H-E-A-R as 1234 it will become `if you have `ear`, you can `hear`.

The part of the riddle says 56 is one type of disease, thus 56 is `T-B` or tuberculosis which is a infectious disease that is caused by a bacterium. Next is 89 which indicates exact location and time, thus 89 is `A-T` or simply `at`. The last part says 2 and 7 are same which is letter `E`, 3 and 8 are same letter which is `A`, and `T` is the same letter for 5 and 9. The word `heartbeat` is define as a pulsation of the heart, including one complete systole and diastole. It can also be defined as the rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries with each beat of the heart. The first known use of the word was dated on 1850. Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment Report This answer closely relates to: 427 Answers, 5 Friends, 59 Followers ""tb" or tuberculosis is a type of disease and it typically attacks the lungs..." 1 The 9 letter word is "HEARTBEAT".

"HEARTBEAT" is the pulsation of the heart, so if you lose your "HEARTBEAT" you die. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 H E A R T B E A T For "if you have 234, you can 1234": If you have EAR, you can HEAR. "HEAR" perceive with the "EAR" the sound made by something or someone. For "56 is one type of disease". 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 h e a r T B e a t The 5 and 6 is "TB". "TB" or Tuberculosis is a type of disease and it typically attacks the lungs and it can also affect other parts of the body. For "89 indicates exact location & time": 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 h e a r t b e A T The 8 and 9 is "AT". "AT" indicates exact time and location.

For "2 & 7 are same letter": 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 h E a r t b E a t The 2 and 7 is letter "E". For "3 & 8 are same letter": 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 h e A r t b e A t The 3 and 8 is letter "A". For "5 & 9 are same letter": 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 h e a r T b e a T The 5 and 9 is letter "T". Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment Report This answer closely relates to: _____ Children were playing in the street. _____ That a woman was passing by in the street. _____ _____ Was in the hands of the woman. _____ Children who toppled him _____ _____ woman. These 7 words will have the same space .. .�������� Lash and two ??? ⭕dimag reply. Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment Report This answer closely relates to: 13.herbal 14.taj. Was this answer helpful?

Yes | No Hrishabh Sahu2000 Was this comment helpful? Yes | No 100% Helpful 10 himalaya 11 king fisher. Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Someone said: 5th answer can also be CHERRY Was this comment helpful? Yes | No Someone said: 6the answer can also be black berry Was this comment helpful? Yes | No Comment Tweet 1. Natraj, 2. Cancer, 3. Santoor, 4. Maruti, 5. Cherry, 6. Blackberry, 7. Surya, 8. Metro, 9. Citizen, 10. Himalaya, 11. Kingfisher. Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment Tweet 1. Nataraj, 2. Cancer, 3. Harmony, 4. Maruthi, 5. Kiwi, 6. Apple, 7. Surya, 8. Metro, 9. Citizen, 10. Himalaya, 11. Kingfisher. Was this answer helpful?

Yes | No Comment Tweet Natraj, Cancer, Santoor, Maruti, Cherry, Apple, Surya, Metro, Swiss, Alps, Kingfisher. Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment "Musical notes can refer to musical scoring..." 0 Tweet If you are playing the game 4 Pic, 1 Word, the most likely answer to that is SCORE. Musical notes can refer to musical scoring, basketball has scores and a pencil is what you use to keep track of scores. Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment Report This answer closely relates to: Tweet Name of fuel/clothing company. Was this answer helpful? Yes | No Comment Report This answer closely relates to: Kbc continues .......a ______ doctor was ________ to operate on a person as there was ______one word (3 different ways) fills all 3 blan? Add Your Answer Give word which has both mening.1. pencil brand & lord of dance2. birth sign in english & type of disease. 3. name of soap & a musical in Give word which has both mening. 1. Pencil brand & lord of dance 2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3.

Name of soap & a musical instrument 4. A car brand & Lord Ramas devote. 5. Name of fruit & name of shoe polish. 6. Mobile brand & fruit name. 7. Name of bulb company & Source of energy. 8. A shoe Company & underground train. 9. Watch brand & Resident of country. 10. Mineral watch company & Mountain range. 11. Name of bird & Beer brand. Solve fast Tweet Give word which has both mening. 1. Pencil brand & lord of dance 2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical instr... Give word which has both mening. 1. Pencil brand & lord of dance 2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical instrument 4. A car brand & Lord Ramas devote. 5. Name of fruit & name of shoe polish. 6. Mobile brand & fruit name. 7. Name of bulb company & Source of energy. 8. A shoe Company & underground train. 9. Watch brand & Resident of country. 10. Mineral watch company & Mountain range. 11. Name of bird & Beer brand. Solve fast.

Report This discussion closely relates to: Tweet Give word which has both mening.1. Pencil brand & lord of dance2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical instrument4.... Give word which has both mening.1. Pencil brand & lord of dance2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical instrument4. A car brand & Lord Ramas devote.5. Name of fruit & name of shoe polish.6. Mobile brand & fruit name.7. Name of bulb company & Source of energy. 8. A shoe Company & underground train.9. Watch brand & Resident of country. 10. Mineral watch company & Mountain range.11. Name of bird & Beer brand.Solve fast Read more: Give word which has both mening.1. Pencil brand & lord of dance2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical in - Give word which has both mening. 1. Pencil brand & lord of dance 2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical instrument 4. A car brand & Lord Ramas devote. 5.

Name of fruit & name of shoe polish. 6. Mobile brand & fruit name. 7. Name of bulb company & Source of energy. 8. A shoe Company & underground train. 9. Watch brand & Resident of country. 10. Mineral watch company & Mountain range. 11. Name of bird & Beer brand. Solve fast :: Report This discussion closely relates to: Tweet Give word which has both mening. 1. Pencil brand & lord of dance 2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical instr... Give word which has both mening. 1. Pencil brand & lord of dance 2. Birth sign in english & Type of disease. 3. Name of soap & a musical instrument 4. A car brand & Lord Ramas devote. 5. Name of fruit & name of shoe polish. 6. Mobile brand & fruit name. 7. Name of bulb company & Source of energy. 8. A shoe Company & underground train. 9. Watch brand & Resident of country. 10. Mineral water company & Mountain range. 11. Name of bird & Beer brand. Report This discussion closely relates to: Watch brand and resident of country?

Which is the watch brand and residency of country "3,4,5,6 letters is used to store water..." 0 Tweet 11 LETTER INDIAN POLITICIAN. 2. LAST 3 LETTERS IS PART USED INSIDE THE COMPUNTER. 3. 3,4,5,6 LETTERS IS USED TO STORE WATER. 4. 1,5,4 IS DISINING SOFTWARE. 5. 3,7,6 IS COMPUTER NAME. 6. 2,5,6,8,11 IS A SOAP NAME. 11 LETTER INDIAN POLITICIAN. 2. LAST 3 LETTERS IS PART USED INSIDE THE COMPUNTER. 3. 3,4,5,6 LETTERS IS USED TO STORE WATER. 4. 1,5,4 IS DISINING SOFTWARE. 5. 3,7,6 IS COMPUTER NAME. 6. 2,5,6,8,11 IS A SOAP NAME. Report This discussion closely relates to: How do you type a letter on an ipad? Where do I go to type a letter to send to someone Report This discussion closely relates to: Name of fuel / Clothing company?

Name of fuel / Clothing company Report This discussion closely relates to: Name of same soap n musical instruments? N word of this which is the swme owrd forboth Report This discussion closely relates to: I want to buy smartphone below rs 10,000 of any brand of samsung or celkon or micromax or lenovo or htc brand, which has the fallowing features? Can you help us by answering one of these related questions? In facebook when we sign in & type our first name then in that we have to type our real name or nick name? We need your help! Please help us improve our content by removing questions that are essentially the same and merging them into this question. Please tell us which questions below are the same as this one: Give word which has both mening.1. pencil brand & lord of dance2. birth sign in english & type of disease. 3. name of soap & a musical in? 20% - I am using this soap for 2 days now, and im think my face become tan or dark compare before when im not using this soap. is it normal? The following questions have been merged into this one.

If you feel any of these questions have been included in error help us improve our content by splitting these questions into seperate discussions. Please unmerge any questions that are not the same as this one: Give word which has both mening.1. pencil brand & lord of dance2. birth sign in english & type of disease. 3. name of soap & a musical in? Which watch brand name and resident of country is same? - A watch brand and resident of country as same name What is the name of birth sign in english and type of diseases was same meaning? - Give word which has both meaning 1 pencil brand lord of dance 2 birth sign in english type of disease 3 name of soap a musical instrument 4 a car brand lord ramas devote 5 name of fruit name of shoe polish 6 mobile brand fruit name 7 name of bulb company source of energy 8 a shoe company underground train 9 watch brand resident of country 10 mineral water company mountain range 11 name of bird beer brand solve fast Which soap brand name indicate musical instrument? - Name of soap a musical instrument 4 a car brand lord ramas devote Which soap has the same name as musical instrument?

- Name of the soap and musical instrument Which name of bird and beer brand? - Name of a bird and beer brand Sign In Kiwi brand | Blanco and Bull Home / Boot cleaning / Kiwi brand 100 years of Kiwi polish 1906 – 2006 It was in Australia in 1906 that a Scottish ex-pat called William Ramsay (born in Glasgow, 6th June 1868, eldest son of John Ramsay. 1841-1924) launched his shoe polish. The background to this was that in June 1878 William arrived in Melbourne with his parents and his three brothers, who included (Sir) John and Hugh. Three sisters and two more brothers were born in Melbourne. The Ramsays settled at Prahran and on leaving school William joined his father in a real estate business, John Ramsay & Son, which prospered sufficiently to enable his father in 1888 to build for his family a mansion, Clydebank, at Essendon. After the boom broke, John Ramsay was a valuer for the Essendon and Melbourne City councils and for the State Savings Bank of Victoria.

William visited New Zealand and on 2 January 1901 at Oamaru married Annie Elizabeth Meek. Returning to Melbourne he formed a partnership with Hamilton McKellar and established a modest factory at Carlton to manufacture a range of products including disinfectant powder, stove polish, cleanser and boot cream. In 1904 they moved to Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, and next year produced a new boot cream, ‘Mirror’, which was moderately successful. In October 1906 Ramsay & McKellar introduced a boot polish under a new trademark, ‘Kiwi’, in recognition of Annie Ramsay’s origins and by the end of the year they had sold eighty-six gross. Competition remained severe until 1908 when they released ‘Dark Tan’, the first stain polish with the ability to restore, maintain or even alter the colour of leather. Light Tan, Brown, Ox Blood, Black and a patent leather polish quickly followed. People began to appreciate the qualities of KIWI for saddles and leather goods other than footwear and sales began to rise. Kiwi Shoe Polish was not the first boot polish on the market but what differentiated it was that it also preserved and restored the colour of leather and made shoe ware water resistant.

Ramsay began marketing his product in Melbourne. He would load boxes of his polish on his horse and wagon and hawk it to the ranchers in the surrounding countryside. So successful was KIWI, that its popularity spread throughout Australia, based solely on its superior performance. By 1908, Ramsay began to export to New Zealand and Europe, especially to Britain. As leather shoes and boots became more affordable to the masses, the demand for a product that could polish them quickly, efficiently and easily grew. In 1909 William sold one hundred gross in Sydney. Other colours followed and within three years ‘Kiwi’ had become a leading brand name throughout Australia. McKellar left the company and Ramsay, trading as sole proprietor of Kiwi Polish Co., moved into larger premises in Elizabeth Street. In 1912, William Ramsay’s father, John Ramsay, arrived by clipper in Southampton. Business in England commenced with a staff of three. William followed in 1913 to explore the potential of the European market. Sales grew dramatically and KIWI began to sell in all states of the Commonwealth. Within three years of the introduction of stain polish, KIWI was a leading Australian brand.

Having just begun to taste the fruits of success, William Ramsay died of cancer on 4th September 1914 at the age of 47, shortly after his return to Australia. He never got to fully appreciate just how successful his formula for KIWI shoe polish was going to be. The First World War had started and trench warfare brought dreadful trench conditions that were a breeding ground for the most appalling foot rot. The only thing that protected the masses of men in the trenches from this crippling condition was dry feet and the one way to ensure this was with Kiwi’s water resistance. In accord with a wish expressed in William’s will, the British and Australian companies amalgamated in 1916 as The Kiwi Polish Co. Pty Ltd with William’s father as chairman of directors and his brother James, who had been running the English branch, as joint managing director. The company claimed to have made in 1917 the earliest advertising film in existence, a two-hundred foot, six-minute promotion. Kiwi’s first brand advertising was screened in the UK showing one of the first KIWI tans.

The English factory was working at top pressure; plant and production were radically revised and modernized to meet the dramatically increasing demands of the military. In 1917, one single order from the British Army alone totalled 10,000 gross (1.4 million). Wherever Allied troops were stationed, KIWI was demanded. By 1918 ‘Kiwi’ had sold thirty million tins of and by 1924 it was distributed in fifty countries. A large modern factory at Richmond, Melbourne and more extensive English headquarters at Ballards Lane, Finchley, London, were built. The momentum given to sales and distribution by wartime pressures continued without slackening into the roaring twenties. Civilians had money to spend on leisure and amongst other things, began to purchase the polish that gave such glitter to their army´s leather equipment. On 3 March 1924 William’s father, John, died at Clydebank. William’s widow took over as chair of the company (1924-33) and in 1928 their elder son John (1904-1966), who had joined the company in 1921, became managing director.

Their younger son (Sir) Thomas (b.1907) also joined the company as consulting chemist in 1926 and in 1956 became managing director, with his brother John as chairman. The big crash of 1929 swept through western economies. Many factors combined caused the only decline in KIWI sales figures in the company’s history: on the one hand, the world-wide economic depression, more and more macadamised roads with better drainage, the preference for shoes instead of boots, and the passing, in the main, of the horse with its saddlery and harness, brought changes to peoples habits. On the other hand, production had become costly and quality was hard to maintain. KIWI knew only too well that its reputation at home and abroad had been built on quality and this was not negotiable. New machinery and scientific methods were devised to streamline production and minimize rising costs. Laboratory control of raw materials was instituted to ensure consistent quality and reduce losses. Temperature control was introduced, and checks on the printing and fit of KIWI’s five colour tins began. New accounting systems were adopted which gave immediate and reliable statistics on stocks, sales and costs throughout the world.

Kiwi survived the Depression and continued to grow in the post -depression years. The mid thirties saw an accelerating economic recovery throughout the world and sales began to rise again. In 1934, to avoid tariff barriers in the export business a factory was opened in Auckland and a manufacturing agreement was established in France. In 1937 to meet the expanding market in Eastern Europe the company opened a factory in Warsaw, Poland. In the Pacific area large shipments of polish were being sent from Melbourne to the Malay States and China. American Marines stationed in Shanghai became acquainted with the product and introduced it to the United States on their return. The Kiwi business was thriving. Then World War II began. The Blitzkrieg was unleashed on Poland and within days of the outbreak of war the Warsaw branch had been destroyed by fire and the manager and all his family perished during the German occupation. The French factory was commandeered by the occupying army although the manager and his wife escaped to England. In England, the Ealing factory was bombed but did not suffer major damages. On the positive side of the ledger, despite material shortages common to all manufacturers, KIWI was again called on to meet the demands of the armed forces.

As the American correspondent, Walter Graeber wrote for TIME from the Tobruk trenches in 1942, “Old tins of British-made KIWI polish lay side by side with empty bottles of Chianti. A story indicative of the rise in global significance of shoe polish is told by Jean Williams a New Zealander who lived in Japan during the Allied Occupation after World War II. She relates how the American soldiers were finding the dullness of their shoes to be a handicap when trying to win the affections of Japanese girls, “When the Commonwealth Forces arrived in Japan with their boots polished to a degree not known to U.S. forces, GI´s were more conscious than ever of their feet. The secret was not spit and polish, but in superior Australian boot polish. In fact, it became so sought after that Kiwi was the most highly rated bartering commodity, commanding many cartons of Yankee Cigarettes for one can of Kiwi.” Soldiers returning from the war continued to use the product creating such a demand that a few years after the cessations of hostilities, Kiwi finally cracked the American market by opening a manufacturing plant in Philadelphia.

It was obvious that the successful outcome of the war combined with tremendous social, economic and political changes were surely to be followed by great challenges and great opportunities in peaceful consumer economies. Kiwi was poised to ride this trend. In 1946, under the direction of John and Tom Ramsay, plans were made for development and expansion: new machines were designed, new products added to the range and a whole new system of raw material testing was developed in the laboratories. During the ’50s new manufacturing plants opened in Britain followed by India, France, Canada, South Africa, Spain and Pakistan. By 1967 the KIWI brand became so big and its product range so diverse, that all KIWI companies were brought together under one umbrella: KIWI INTERNATIONAL. A merger in 1981 of two long established Australian companies, Nicholas International Ltd and the Kiwi Polish Company Pty Ltd and formed Nicholas Kiwi. In 1984 Kiwi was acquired by Consolidated Foods Corporation, which in turn changed its name to SARA LEE.

In 1991 the UK division of Sarah Lee acquired the Reckitt & Colman United Kingdom shoe care business, including its export business from the United Kingdom (the relevant Australian and New Zealand trade marks being assigned to Sara Lee’s Australian subsidiary, Kiwi Brands Pty Ltd). Reckitt & Colman’s USA shoe care businesses were at the same time acquired by Kiwi Brands Inc, another Sara Lee subsidiary. The brands acquired by SL/HPC UK were Cherry Blossom, Meltonian, Properts, Wrens and Magix; Reckitt & Colman retained, however, the Nugget brand (not recently sold in the United Kingdom), and its shoe care businesses in many countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America and some European countries, notably Spain. The sale contract includes a non-competition clause, lasting for three years, after which Reckitt & Colman would be free to re-enter the United Kingdom market. The total paid for the United Kingdom and the USA transactions represented almost entirely trade marks and goodwill.

Certain stock was acquired, and a limited range of manufacturing equipment, in particular a liquid (angle neck) filling line, a jar line for creams, a dye line, and mixing tanks and other processing equipment for liquid and cream polishes. This equipment was transferred to Sara Lee’s K&M Candles plant at Honley in Yorkshire, but one of the main products sold under the Cherry Blossom brand, paste polish, was manufactured on Sara Lee’s existing equipment together with the Kiwi paste polish. Reckitt & Colman continued to manufacture polishes under contract to Sara Lee for six months following the merger at its unit in Hull; this unit has subsequently been closed, and the remaining equipment sold or disposed of throughout the Reckitt & Colman group. Following a Competition Commission enquiry concerned about domination of the shoe care market Sarah Lee were required to sell the Cherry Blossom brand which is now being manufactured and marketed by Grangers International Ltd, Alfreton, UK. In the 2000’s a category expansion from shoe polish to foot comfort led to the development of 3 main segments: Business & Casual, Fashion & Style, Active & Sports, aimed at changing the perception that consumers and shoppers have of the shoecare category.

New package design and way of merchandising have become much more attractive and eye catching that makes shopping easy and friendly. Today, KIWI is sold and marketed in almost 200 countries around the world. With several state of the art new product innovations, KIWI remains the world´s number one shoe care brand. News, 31st December 2010 – SC Johnson buying Sara Lee’s Kiwi brand SC Johnson said it is buying Sara Lee Corp.’s shoe care business, including the venerable Kiwi brand, for $328 million, as Sara Lee continues to shed non-food segments. The companies announced the deal, expected to close by mid-2011, also includes Sara Lee’s shoe accessory lines Bama International and Kiwi Kleen. Sara Lee said the business had sales in fiscal 2009 of $315 million based on exchange rates at the time. The food and consumer products maker has shed several of its non-food units as it looks to focus on its more-profitable businesses such Hillshire Farms meat and Senseo coffee.

Sara Lee also announced plans to sell a cleaning products division in Australia and New Zealand for about $50 million, and earlier in December it closed the $1.6 billion sale of its body care and European detergent segments to Unilever NV. With the binding offer from SC Johnson, Sara Lee has lined up deals to sell virtually all of its household and body care business. Privately held Johnson makes household products under brands including Pledge, Glade, Goddards, Mr Muscle, Duck, Windex and Ziploc. The Kiwi trade marks held variously by Kiwi Products (UK) Limited, Sadlers Court, Yateley, Camberley, Surrey GU17 7RU; Kiwi Products (UK) Limited, Brumwill Road, London W5 1DT; Kiwi Products (UK) Limited, Parkwood Industrial Estate, Bircholt Road, Maidstone, Kent; Kiwi France S.A., Boulevard Industriel, Sotteville-les-Rouen, France, were assigned to Kiwi European Holdings B.V. of Vleutensevaart 100, 3532 AD UTRECHT, Netherlands, in 1999.

Title for all Kiwi trade marks passed to S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc., 1525 Howe Street, Racine, Wisconsin 53403, USA in April 2011. Some fantastic posters are available to download from the Kiwi UK website This page was last updated: 22nd September 2013 Manufacturers & brands Kiwi | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants Apteryx haasti, A. mantelli, A. rowi, A. australis CLASS: Aves (Birds) SPECIES: haasti (great spotted kiwi or roroa), mantelli (brown kiwi), rowi (row), australis (tokoeka) ABOUT The word "kiwi" often brings to mind the image of something small, brown, fuzzy, and found in the produce section of your local supermarket. But the kiwi is not a fruit—that's kiwifruit, which is native to eastern Asia! About the size of a chicken, the kiwi is a small, flightless, and nearly wingless bird found only in New Zealand.

Like its larger cousins the cassowary, emu, ostrich, and rhea, the kiwi is classified as a ratite. Most birds have a special ridge on their sternum, called a keel, where flight muscles attach, but ratites don't need keels because they don't fly. Scientists thought for many years that the kiwi's closest relative was another ratite called a moa, an extinct bird that was also native to New Zealand. However, recent genetic studies have shown that Africa's ostrich is related to the moa while the kiwi is more closely related to Madagascar's extinct elephant bird. Regardless of what it’s related to, this odd-looking bird resembles a large, hairy pear! Its wings are only about 1 inch (3 centimeters) long and are useless, completely hidden under the feathers. The kiwi has no tail but does have very strong, muscular legs, which make up about a third of the bird’s total body weight, that are used for running and fighting. Four toes (other ratites have only two or three) on each thick foot allow the flightless bird to pad silently through the forest in search of food.

Despite its small size and awkward appearance, the kiwi can outrun a human and is quite wary. Looking quite different from any other bird, the kiwi has many body parts that make it seem more like a mammal. While most birds have thin skin and hollow bones to make them lighter for flying, the kiwi's skin is a bit thicker and tough, and its bones are heavy and filled with marrow. Its wings have a cat-like claw on the tip, like some bats’ wings have, but it is nonfunctional. The kiwi digs burrows instead of building a nest. Its feathers are long, loose, and hair-like, and it has modified feathers that serve as whiskers on its face and around the base of its beak. The kiwi also has a relatively low body temperature (100 degrees Fahrenheit or 38 degrees Celsius) that is much more like a mammal than a bird. HABITAT AND DIET The kiwi lives in forested areas of New Zealand that tend to be very steep and wet, surrounded by shrubs and trees found nowhere else on Earth.

Since it is not able to fly up into trees to nest, rest, or escape from danger, the kiwi makes its home in burrows in the ground of its swampy forest or grassland habitat. The bird digs multiple burrows within its territory, using strong toes and claws. Nest burrows, dug early in the season, become overgrown at the entrance to provide great camouflage by the time the female is ready to lay her eggs. Most birds sleep at night, and it has long been thought that the kiwi is nocturnal, since it is rarely seen during the day. But researchers studying the bird on New Zealand's Stewart Island have seen them out and about during the day. Still, the kiwi usually rests in deep underground burrows or hollow logs during the day, and as night begins to fall, it slowly pokes its bill out to sniff the air. If the coast is clear, the bird cautiously emerges to begin a nightly routine of gorging on worms and other invertebrates. Kiwis evolved sharing their habitat with another bird, the weka, that eats their eggs, so they had to get “sneaky” in hiding their burrows.

However, their casual “sleeping burrow” has a noticeable dirt arrow pointing right to it, as the kiwis fling the dirt behind them while making the opening! Because they did not evolve with any mammal predators around, kiwis lack the appropriate anti-mammal predatory response; kiwi chicks are vulnerable to nonnative predators like domestic cats and dogs, as well as stoats, weasels, ferrets, and rats. Sadly, this species suffers from a 95-pecent chick mortality rate! The kiwi is the only bird in the world that has nostrils at the tip of its bill. It also has a highly developed sense of smell. Using only scent to find food and sensory pads at the tip of the bill to catch its food, the kiwi lives on grubs, worms, bugs, berries, and seeds. If dirt gets sniffed up in it nostrils, the kiwi can sneeze it out! It can also use its sturdy, powerful feet to kick apart rotting logs to find beetles to eat.

Foraging from dusk to dawn, these birds can be heard snuffling around in their territory; if alarmed, they run off and then stick their bills into the air, sniffing to see if it's safe to return. Their ears are large, giving them a very good sense of hearing. They have been seen tipping their head toward a sound to listen more clearly, much like humans do. A kiwi is very protective of its own territory—it doesn’t want other kiwis taking all the good food and burrows it worked so hard to make. So, the kiwi patrols its area every night, leaving smelly droppings to mark boundaries to keep other kiwis away—a very unbird-like behavior. To keep track of each other in the dark, kiwis can shriek loudly, a half scream, half whistle that also serves to scare others away. This cry sounds like “kee-wee, kee-wee,” which is how the bird got its name. The kiwi can also grunt, snort, and hiss when angry. FAMILY LIFE Kiwi pairs use gentle grunts and snuffles with each other and their chicks, and males purr during mating.

Pairs do fight, and the larger female may kick the male away if she is not in the mood for his company. If another kiwi invades a pair’s territory, a kicking fight ensues, and kiwis have been known to fight to the death, although this is rare in the wild. An adult male and female kiwi typically pair for life, but a female may choose a new male if a more desirable one wanders by. The male doesn't have beautiful songs or fancy feathers to attract a female. Instead, he follows one around constantly while grunting. If she's not interested, the female might wander off or try to scare him away. Breeding season is late winter to early summer. Nests might be in hollow logs or in underground burrows dug by the male. The female kiwi lays up to six eggs every year. Kiwi eggs are smooth and white, off-white, or pale green in color. They are also huge in comparison to the mother: one egg might reach up to 20 percent of her weight; that would be like a 120-pound (54 kilograms) human female giving birth to a 24-pound (11 kilograms) baby!

Compared to the relative weights of other birds and their eggs, the female kiwi should weigh about 31 pounds (14 kilograms) rather than its typical weight of 2 to 8 pounds (0.9 to 3.6 kilograms). Kiwi eggs contain almost twice as much yolk as most birds their size and have natural antibacterial and antifungal properties. This is important because the kiwi’s damp, underground burrows are fertile breeding grounds for bacteria and fungus. How did the kiwi evolve to create such a huge egg? Probably due to an abundant food source providing plenty of raw material for egg production, the kiwi’s loss of flight, eliminating the weight limit on the egg, and the lack of predatory pressure on a bird that historically had no native New Zealand predators. The large egg results in a long incubation period. As ancestral kiwis decreased in size, the egg stayed the same size, allowing for a more developed (precocial) chick needing less parental care. After the egg is laid, the male takes over parenting duties.

He incubates the egg and maintains the nest for nearly 75 to 85 days, but if the female returns to lay another egg, the male has to sit on the clutch that much longer. Unlike most bird parents, kiwis do not turn their eggs. Lacking an egg tooth, the chick must kick its way out of the shell. It hatches wearing shaggy adult feathers and looking like a miniature version of its parents. No ugly baby phase for these birds! The youngster is not fed by the adults but gets its nourishment from a large reserve of yolk in its abdomen. The chick stays in the nest for its first few days, gaining strength. The young kiwi then leaves the burrow and, accompanied by Dad, begins the search for food. It stays with the male up to 20 days and may stick around in the adults' territory for months or even years. It was long thought that the kiwi mates for life, but as researchers come to know individuals during research in the wild, it has become clear that the kiwi “divorce rate” was quite high, with birds changing mates every couple of years, in areas where kiwis were abundant.

AT THE ZOO The San Diego Zoo’s first kiwi arrived from the Auckland Zoo in New Zealand in December 1954, the only kiwi at that time to live in the Western Hemisphere. That zoo’s director had visited our zoo and determined, after looking it over carefully, that a kiwi would do well here. The bird was named Belle, after our director at that time, Belle Benchley. Ornithologists and scientists came from around the U.S. just to view our kiwi. The San Diego Chapter of The Kiwis (formerly American Airlines flight attendants) donated funds for the construction of a kiwi enclosure. The bird came with this greeting from the Auckland Zoo: “The kiwi we are sending you is an adult. The biographical details are that this bird was sent to us three and a half years ago from Opotiki, a town not far from Rotorua in a district where there is still quite a lot of native bush. It is a typical North Island kiwi Apteryx australis mantelli. We have no great ideas as to longevity of kiwis.

I hope you have a very successful time with the bird and commiserate with you in advance over the difficulties you will have trying to marry in the desire for everyone to see the kiwi and your desire to keep it healthy and getting enough sleep.” This concern was well-founded. With its nocturnal habits, the kiwi preferred to sleep in a secluded spot in its well-shaded enclosure during the day and forage for food at night. Mrs. Benchley noted in the Zoo’s member magazine, ZOONOOZ, in 1955, “… the kiwi is here, located in an excellent cage, and since this cage was designed to give the bird a maximum of security and a minimum of excitement or fear for its own security, I know that you, the Zoo visitor, will have to be satisfied with fleeting glances, or partial success in seeing your first kiwi, just as you might in the wild…” A few years later, Belle the kiwi turned out to be a male and was renamed Benjamin. He was introduced to his potential mate, Nancy, in 1967, a gift from the Wellington Zoo, the Wellington City Council, and the Government Wildlife Division of New Zealand.

Nancy arrived via a well-advertised Kiwi Flight on Air New Zealand. Both Benjamin and Nancy died in 1968. In 1969, a nocturnal exhibit was built for a new pair of kiwis, given to the City of San Diego on its 200th anniversary by New Zealand Wildlife Service. The home for Toa and Uha, whose names are Maori for “male” and “female,” had a unique feature at the time: it was dimly lit by a blue light during the day so Zoo guests could see them most active, and brightly lit at night, to encourage the birds to sleep. Toa died in 1972, but a new mate for Uha, named Toa II, arrived on loan from the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. in 1973. Yet, like Belle/Benjamin, Uha had difficulty living up to “her” name, and the discovery that both birds were male did little for our hoped-for kiwi breeding program.

It was not until 1979 that a breeding program was started here in earnest, with kiwis from the San Diego Zoo, the National Zoo, which had hatched a kiwi in 1975, and the Auckland Zoo. However, utilizing both indoor and outdoor exhibits and rotating the five kiwis in the breeding program still produced nothing but 16 infertile eggs in 4 years. In 1983, the right combination was found at last, and our first kiwi hatched. Sadly, the chick died from a bacterial infection three weeks later. A second chick hatched in 1986. Since then, we’ve had much better success with kiwi hatchings. Currently, there are four brown kiwis at the Zoo, but they live in an off-exhibit area as part of our conservation breeding program for this species. CONSERVATION The kiwi existed for millions of years with only one natural predator—the now-extinct laughing owl—and no threats of any kind.

When the Maori people established themselves in New Zealand in the 1300s, they used kiwi feathers to adorn cloaks worn by their chiefs and used the birds as food, hunting them at night by imitating kiwi calls. But in the late 1800s, settlers moved into kiwi territory, bringing dogs, cats, ferrets, stoats, and rats that ate kiwi eggs or the birds themselves. The settlers prized kiwi feathers, too—for trout flies! Kiwi leg bones were popular as well for making pipe stems. New Zealand passed a law in 1908 prohibiting the hunting, capture, or killing of kiwis, but the $100 penalty did little to control the situation, and in 1921 the kiwi was declared an “absolutely protected bird.” Its popularity grew, and the kiwi was adopted as New Zealand’s national emblem. Coins, postage stamps, fighting troops, and shoe polish all carry the name or image of the unique bird. New Zealanders even accepted the nickname “kiwis” given them by their allies during World War II.

Today, 80 percent of kiwi habitat has been destroyed, and the birds continue to fall prey to dogs, weasels, cats, ferrets, pigs, people, cattle guards, cars, swimming pools, and possum traps. Still, the birds are highly adaptive and have been seen in New Zealand cow pastures and plantations. Every year, 95 percent of all kiwi chicks are killed before they reach the age of 6 months, and every 2 years the kiwi population decreases by about 10 percent. A few years ago, New Zealand began a kiwi recovery program. People living near kiwi areas have learned to keep their dogs leashed and to slow their cars when they see a kiwi caution sign by the road. Operation Nest Egg collects eggs from the wild and raises the chicks until they are large enough to defend themselves against predators following release into the wild. In 2009, San Diego Zoo Global formed collaborations with local ranchers on a private island off the coast of western New Zealand, Massey University, in-country scientists, and the native Maori people to delve into the ecology of the brown kiwi, which has been in decline for decades.

Learning about the reproductive ecology of this bird is the only way to ensure that its populations will survive and thrive. The island is secluded, protected habitat with a high density of kiwis. Techniques were developed in our labs to identify individual kiwis by their DNA and, and ultrasound procedures were used to monitor growth of ovarian follicles to estimate egg-laying time. This newfound knowledge was then successfully applied to birds on the island. Eggs laid by zoo kiwis tend to be much smaller and have a much lower fertility rate than their wild counterparts. By monitoring egg development in the wild, we hope to discover ways to improve fertility and survival of eggs at our facilities. Important data can also be gleaned from radio-tracking devices on the birds. After months of fieldwork, 47 adult kiwis on the island now have a radio transmitter attached to a leg, and 41 kiwi nests were documented, allowing us to explore the importance of habitat and behavior on the nesting success of this rare and reclusive species. The birds are identified with transponder tags, such as those used to microchip domestic pets. The radio transmitters reveal a great deal about where the birds go and how far they travel for food.

One area of study is mate choice and how long kiwis stay together. Ongoing research will compare hormone levels in wild birds to those in managed care and also observe chick dispersal patterns for this long-lived bird. A few fascinating facts have emerged from our efforts so far, such as finding three males incubating a single egg! LIFE SPAN

Question: What can be a brand of shoe polish, a fruit, or a bird?
Answer: Kiwi