Albert Einstein Collectibles Albert Einstein collectibles 0 0 Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born Swiss-United States scientist, regarded as being the most famous scientist of the 20th century. The most famous aspect of Einstein’s legacy is his "special theory of relativity," a groundbreaking notion which laid the foundation for much of modern physics theory (including his famous equation e=mc²). According to market analysis, Einstein's autograph has risen in value by 252.9% (from an average price of £1,750 to £6,000) over the last 10 years. Biography Albert Einstein was born to a Jewish family in Germany, and grew up in Munich. In 1894, he moved to Aarau, Switzerland, and later attended a technical school in Zürich. He graduated in 1900. Around this time, Einstein renounced his German citizenship, later becoming a Swiss citizen in 1901.

It was in 1905, while working as a clerk in a Swiss patent office, that Einstein published a paper proposing his "special theory of relativity.”The paper won him worldwide fame, one of four articles he that year: on Brownian motion; the photoelectric effect; and two on his special theory of relativity (one including his famous e=mc² equation). Einstein’s renown led to him holding various professorships before becoming director of Berlin's Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in 1913. His general theory of relativity was published in 1915, and he later received a Nobel Prize in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect. (His work on relativity was still controversial at this time). His theories of relativity and gravitation were a profound advancement on Newtonian physics. When Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in 1934, Einstein resigned from his position at the Prussian Academy and moved to Princeton, New Jersey, United States. There he joined the Institute for Advanced Study. In 1939, Einstein was instrumental in persuading President Franklin Roosevelt to begin the production of an atomic bomb, dubbed the Manhattan Project.

His own theories furthered the development of the bomb – though Einstein didn’t work on it himself – and was key in producing the bomb which destroyed Hiroshima in 1945. He became a U.S. citizen in 1940 while retaining his Swiss citizenship, and later declined an offer to become the first prime minister of Israel. He died in April 18, 1955, in Princeton, United States. Notable collectibles Photograph (with inscription) A famous photograph of Einstein and his tongue sticking out was sold by RR Auctions for $74,000 in 2009. Said the auction house’s Head of PR, Bobby Livingstone: "When we had the German inscription translated, it explained his intentions for the photo which was basically freedom of expression." Signed manuscripts Manuscripts containing a revealing account by Einstein’s efforts to generalise his post-Newtonian General Theory of Relativity – considered to be among the most important Einstein documents to have appeared on the market – appeared at Christie’s on 22nd June, 2010. It sold for $578,500.

Related to Einstein’s involvement in the nuclear bomb, in 2010 Heritage Auction Galleries' sold a signed and typed letter from 1952, written by Einstein to scientist and author Kenneth Heuer. It included the following: "About the technical development in the field of atomic energy: I was not interested in that matter for years but rather disgusted by the course it has taken in the hands of short-sighted politicians… To me it is enough to know that the continuation of the existence of human beings is in serious doubt if no supra-national solution can be achieved." The letter sold for a final price of $11,950 in Dallas, Texas. Unique collectibles X-rays of Einstein’s skull went under the hammer at Julien’s Auctions in 2010 with an estimated price of $1,000-2,000. In the end, the X-rays sold for $38,035. Albert Einstein - Biographical Albert Einstein The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 Albert Einstein Questions and Answers on Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879.

Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree. During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin.

He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton * . He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945. After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance. At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules.

He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics. In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology. After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.

Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important. Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920's he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East, and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.

Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey. From Nobel Lectures , Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967 This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel . It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures . To cite this document, always state the source as shown above. * Albert Einstein was formally associated with the Institute for Advanced Study located in Princeton, New Jersey. Albert Einstein | Atomic Heritage Foundation Atomic Heritage Foundation Scientist, Nobel Prize Winner Albert Einstein Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist and winner of the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Einstein influenced the beginning of the Manhattan Project. In collaboration with Leo Szilard, Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt in 1939 , warning of possible German nuclear weapons research and proposing that the United States begin its own research into atomic energy. Einstein played no role in the Manhattan Project, having been denied a security clearance in July 1940 due to his pacifist tendencies. After World War II, he worked to control nuclear proliferation. He later regretted signing the letter to Roosevelt, saying in a Newsweek interview that "had I known that the Germans would not succeed in developing an atomic bomb, I would have done nothing." Scientific Contributions In 1896, Einstein began studying to be a physics and mathematics teacher at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich. He graduated in 1901, the same year he became a citizen of Switzerland. He then worked at the Swiss Patent Office. Einstein earned his Ph.D from the University of Zurich during his “miracle year,” 1905, where he published four groundbreaking papers and won notice from academics. Einstein's special theory of relativity sought to harmonize the laws of mechanics and laws of the electromagnetic field.

His investigations also helped establish the photon theory of light. Based on the special theory of relativity, he proposed a theory of gravitation, and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. In 1921, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect." For more on Einstein's scientific contributions, visit the Nobel Prize website . Later Years As the Nazis rose to power in Germany, Einstein left for the United States and accepted a position at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, NJ in 1933. Einstein became an American citizen in 1940. Einstein turned down an offer to serve as President of Israel, and was a co-founder of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He died on April 18, 1955. Albert Einstein's Timeline 1879 Mar 14th Born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany. 1896 Entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics.

1901 Received his diploma, acquired Swiss citizenship, and accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard working on the famous letter A signed portrait of Niels Bohr, James Franck, Albert Einstein, and Isidor I. Rabi Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein Related Profiles Einstein, Albert - Dictionary definition of Einstein, Albert | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary Einstein, Albert U.S. Immigration and Migration Reference Library COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group, Inc. Albert Einstein Physicist "The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible." A lbert Einstein was already a world-famous scientist when he immigrated to the United States in 1933. Over his lifetime, he had three nationalities: German, Swiss, and American. He also was Jewish, which led him to support the founding of the state of Israel. But as the top physicist in the twentieth century, Einstein in some ways rose above nationalities to become a citizen of the world. His story as a world citizen cast a different light on the larger subject of emigration and migration across national borders.

Not a promising young student Albert Einstein was the son of a middle-class Jewish businessman. Einstein was born in Germany, a country that had been unified into a single state only eight years before his birth. Previously, a group of kingdoms, of which Prussia was the largest, had occupied the territory brought together into a single kingdom in 1870. When he was a boy, Einstein's father, Hermann, moved his family to Munich, where he and a brother opened a factory manufacturing electrical equipment. The family later moved to Milan, Italy, in 1894, before Einstein had graduated from high school. Einstein did not have a reputation as a brilliant or even an excellent student. He was regarded as rebellious, a young man who preferred to study topics in math and science that interested him and to ignore assignments that did not. He paid a price for his independent streak in 1895, when the prestigious Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich rejected his application. Einstein spent a year studying subjects in which he was considered weak. He was finally admitted to the Swiss university in 1896 with the intention of becoming a teacher of physics and math. Even then, Einstein did not impress all of his teachers.

He graduated in 1901 and became a Swiss citizen, but he could not find a teaching job without the recommendation of all his teachers. Instead, Einstein got a job working for the Swiss government, examining applications for patents. (A patent is a claim by an inventor for the exclusive right, during a limited period of time, to use an invention to make money. Applications are examined to make sure the so-called invention really is new.) Einstein's job required technical knowledge, but it is often represented as a low-grade clerical job. It did not enjoy the prestige of a teaching post at a major university, but it did allow Einstein plenty of free time to work on his first love, which was physics, and to enjoy his marriage in 1903 to Mileva Maric of Hungary, a student Einstein had met at the Institute of Technology. The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1919. Einstein later married his widowed cousin, Elsa Einstein, whom he had known since he was a child. 1905: The year of sudden acclaim The story of Albert Einstein is not one of a scientist working for years to develop a new explanation for the world he sees around him.

To the contrary, just a few years out of Zurich, Einstein published a series of scientific papers in a single year—1905—that permanently established his reputation as one of the modern world's great scientists on a par with Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) and Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727). One of the papers Einstein published in 1905 was on the topic of what is called Einstein's "special theory of relativity." It was a mathematical demonstration that showed that light moves at the same speed regardless of its source or the motion of the observer. (The speed of an object, on the other hand, is relative to the observer. A car may seem to be moving at 30 miles an hour to someone standing still; to someone moving towards the first car at the same speed, the first car seems to be moving at 60 miles an hour.

Einstein's theory said that regardless of whether an observer is moving toward or away from light, the speed of light is always approximately 186,000 miles per second.) Also in 1905, Einstein published four other papers: on the effects of electric currents; the phenomenon of "Brownian motion" (the random movement of microscopic particles suspended in liquids or gases, which Einstein realized could prove the existence of molecules and atoms too small to observe in the most powerful microscope); the emission and absorption of light; and the inertia of energy (inertia is the quality of matter that keeps objects at rest steady, or keeps objects in motion moving, until some other force acts on them). Over the next decade, other physicists began analyzing and evaluating Einstein's work, and his reputation soared. Scientific recognition Einstein, who had not been able to get a job teaching physics, became an international scientific celebrity. In 1909, he became a professor of physics at the University of Zurich. Two years later, he became a professor at German University in Prague (now capital of the Czech Republic), and the year after that he became a professor at his own school, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.

In 1913, the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin made Einstein a member of their influential society and invited him to become director of scientific research at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He accepted the offer and moved to Berlin, where he remained for the next nineteen years. Einstein and the Theory of Relativity Sir Isaac Newton, a pioneer in the study of the nature of objects and of objects in motion (the science of physics), is often credited with "discovering" gravity, when an apple fell from a tree and hit his head. Newton wrote extensively about gravity and its effect on objects. For over two hundred years, Newton was the recognized authority on the subject. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Albert Einstein challenged Newton's theories. In Einstein's views, things that might seem obvious to the observer are sometimes not. For example, the same clock might tick at a different speed when it is near a giant object, such as the Sun. Light, which is thought to travel very fast (186,000 miles per second) may also be affected by large objects. A second (the unit of time) might be longer or shorter, depending on gravity.

In Einstein's view, it is all "relative." Here is how Professor Alan Lightman (1948–) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology explains Einstein's theory of relativity on a Web site sponsored by Nova, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) program that focuses on scientific subjects: What was General Relativity? Einstein's earlier theory of time and space, Special Relativity, proposed that distance and time are not absolute. The ticking rate of a clock depends on the motion of the observer of that clock; likewise for the length of a 'yard stick.' Published in 1915, General Relativity proposed that gravity, as well as motion, can affect the intervals of time and of space. The key idea of General Relativity, called the Equivalence Principle, is that gravity pulling in one direction is completely equivalent to an acceleration in the opposite direction. (A car accelerating forwards feels just like sideways gravity pushing you back against your seat. An elevator accelerating upwards feels just like gravity pushing you into the floor. If gravity is equivalent to acceleration, and if motion affects measurements of time and space (as shown in Special Relativity), then it follows that gravity does so as well.

In particular, the gravity of any mass, such as our sun, has the effect of warping the space and time around it. For example, the angles of a triangle no longer add up to 180 degrees and clocks tick more slowly the closer they are to a gravitational mass like the sun. Many of the predictions of General Relativity, such as the bending of starlight by gravity and a tiny shift in the orbit of the planet Mercury, have been quantitatively confirmed by experiment. Einstein's theories are not easy to understand, and indeed he was not explaining events he had witnessed, as Newton did in developing his theory of gravitation. Einstein's theories were just that—ideas generated from his scientific imagination—until the observations of light being deflected during a solar eclipse behaved in exactly the way Einstein had predicted. Scientists in other countries also admired his work. In 1919, British scientists traveled to Príncipe Island, off the west coast of Africa, and photographed a total solar eclipse (a shadowing of the Sun when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun).

Their photographs confirmed one of Einstein's startling predictions: that beams of light could be "bent" or "deflected" when passing near a huge mass such as the Sun. Days after the observation, the New York Times reported on the observation with the headline: "Lights All Askew In The Heavens. Men Of Science More Or Less Agog Over Results Of Eclipse Observations. Einstein Theory Triumphs." Two years later, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. Einstein and politics Physics was not the only subject of interest to Einstein. Far from being a remote professor uninformed about world events, Einstein was a pacifist, one who does not believe in participating in wars. From 1914 to 1918, Europe experienced the most destructive, deadly war fought to that date, World War I. Rather than springing to the defense of his nation, Einstein insisted that it was morally wrong to fight in an army, an attitude that won him widespread criticism at home in Germany. Einstein was also a strong supporter of Zionism, the idea that Jews deserved their own country situated in Palestine, the land of the Bible.

Zionism became a political movement among European Jews starting in the last two decades of the nineteenth century, partly in reaction to continuing religious discrimination. Einstein the emigrant In 1933, the National Socialist (Nazi) Party led by Adolf Hitler (1889–1945) won a majority in the German parliament, or legislature, after preaching intense hatred of Jews, whom the Nazis blamed for many of Germany's economic problems. At the time of the election, Einstein and his wife were visiting the United States, and Einstein declared that he would not return to Germany. The scientist was immediately welcomed by other scientists in the United States. Einstein had already agreed to spend part of the year at a newly organized Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey; he was then persuaded by Hitler's rise to power to work full–time at the institute. In the world of science, Einstein's presence added immediate status to the new institute and was a loss to German scientists.

Hitler, who a decade later launched the Holocaust, the mass murder of Jews and others he disapproved of, had based part of his political philosophy on the notion that Germans, as representatives of something he called the "Aryan" race, were superior to other peoples of the world and were therefore entitled to dominate others. In Hitler's views, Jews were distinctly inferior. Of course, in the world of science, the existence of Albert Einstein was living evidence of the inaccuracy of Hitler's racist theory. During the 1930s, Einstein wrote not only about science but also about politics. He frequently criticized the policies of Hitler in Germany and urged Western nations like the United States to oppose those policies. In 1938, after a breakthrough in physics in Germany, Einstein wrote a letter to U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945; served 1933–45) urging government support for research into how to make a bomb using new discoveries about atoms.

Einstein himself never participated in the research that resulted in the production of nuclear weapons, and he was shocked and horrified when the United States dropped two such bombs on Japan in August 1945 to end World War II (1939–45) in the Pacific. In later years, Einstein wrote essays on the desirability of a single world government that would, in effect, do away with individual nations. Although Einstein was always able to attract attention simply on the strength of his name, most of his political ideas were largely ignored. Although Einstein continued working in the field of physics, his most important works had all been published by 1920. Thereafter, he was a revered figure in science, and he used his position to try to influence politics. During the period of Nazi rule in Germany, Einstein was one of thousands of Jews who successfully fled the country to live elsewhere; an estimated eight million others were not so lucky: they perished in the Holocaust. Whether there were other Einsteins among them will never be known. Einstein retired from teaching in 1945, although he continued work on his own. In 1952, Einstein turned down an offer to become the president of Israel.

The scientist died in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1955 at the age of seventy-six. —James L. Outman Pais, Abraham. Einstein Lived Here. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Parker, Barry R. Einstein's Brainchild: Relativity Made Relatively Easy! Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2000. Strathern, Paul. Einstein and Relativity. New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1999. Swisher, Clarice, ed. Albert Einstein. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. Periodicals Holton, Gerald. "The Migration of Physicists to the United States." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (April 1984): p. 18. Oberbye, Dennis. "New Details Emerge from the Einstein Files; How the FBI Tracked His Phone Calls and His Trash." New York Times (May 7, 2002): p. D1 (Science Times). Web Sites "Einstein Revealed." Nova. (accessed on March 12, 2004). Lightman, Alan.

"Relativity and the Cosmos." Nova. (accessed on March 12, 2004). Cite this article Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates.

Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: Modern Language Association Albert Einstein - Biography - IMDb Albert Einstein Biography Showing all 98 items Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (47) | Personal Quotes (42) Overview (4) 5' 9" (1.75 m) Mini Bio (1) Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, to a German Jewish family. He was the son of Pauline (Koch) and Hermann Einstein, a featherbed salesman. Albert began reading and studying science at a young age, and he graduated from a Swiss high school when he was 17. He then attended a Swiss Polytechnic, where he met his first wife. He graduated in 1900, and became a Swiss citizen in 1901. He began working at the Swiss Patent Office and continued his scientific studies. He taught at universities in Prague, Zurich, and Berlin, and continued his research in physics.

The onset of World War II led him to move to the United States, and he was granted a post at the Institute for Advanced Study in New Jersey. Einstein was heavily involved in attempting to bring about world peace in his later life, and he continued his scientific research until his death in 1955. - IMDb Mini Biography By: anon-14 Spouse (2) ( 2 June 1919 - 20 December 1936) (her death) (2 children) Mileva Maric Long grey hair and moustache An unkempt hairstyle He was offered the Presidency of Israel but declined, having no political or ceremonial ambitions. Named Time magazine's Person of the Century. [December 1999] When he left Germany in 1933, the Nazis put a price of 20,000 marks on his head. Never learned how to drive a car. Made a telephone call to comedian Sid Caesar , suggesting they meet to discuss the human condition. Unfortunately, the meeting never took place because Caesar thought they would have nothing to talk about. Was reluctant to sign autographs, and charged people a dollar before signing anything. He gave the dollars he received to charity.

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 (for his discovery of the Photoelectric Effect). Children with Maric: Lieserl (born January, 1902), Hans Albert (born May 14, 1904), Eduard (born c. 1908). His second wife was also his cousin. Became a US citizen in 1940, but retained his Swiss citizenship. Pictured on the 8¢ US postage stamp in the original issue of the Prominent Americans series, issued 14 March 1966. Pictured on a 15¢ US commemorative postage stamp celebrating the centennial of his birth, issued 4 March 1979. An element, Einsteinium, is named after him. Said to be a HUGE fan of the legendary Robert Clampett cartoon series, Time for Beany (1949). It is also believed that he once ended a meeting with scientists by saying, "Pardon me, gentlemen, but it's Time for Beany!". After his death, scientists kept his brain preserved and discovered a physical abnormality. His brain is still preserved in laboratories.

After his death, his brain was weighed and found to be 1.5 kg (2.64 lb). It is now preserved in a glass jar in Wichita, KS. Referenced in the song 'The Call of the Wild (Merengue)' by David Byrne on his 1989 album, "Rei Momo". Philip Glass created an "opera" in 1976 called "Einstein on the Beach", inspired in part by Einstein's theories. His wife gave birth to their daughter, Lieserl, in 1902, a year before they married. They never spoke about her after 1903. It is assumed that she was adopted by a friend or family member. Some speculate that she died in 1903 from scarlet fever. Einstein never saw her. His son Eduard suffered from a severe form of depression. He had two daughters with his second wife, Ilsa and Margot. He adopted them upon his marriage when they were both around twenty years old. Cared little for money. He once used a $1500.00 check as a bookmark and then lost the book.

Shares a birthday with Taylor Hanson , Kylie Tyndall , Keaton Tyndall , Quincy Jones , Chris Klein , & Michael Caine E=mc2 is Einstein's most famous equation, and it establishes a correlation between mass and energy (c is the speed of light) for the first time -- later practically exemplified in the splitting of the atom and the inauguration of the exploration of atomic (nuclear) energy. Had Asperger Syndrome but wasn't diagnosed until it was discovered by Dr Hans Asperger in the late 1940s. Is reported to have kept several sets of the same outfit in his closet so that he could simply grab an outfit without having to think about what he wanted to wear. This quirk was later given to two characters played by Jeff Goldblum : Seth Brundle in The Fly (1986) and Ian Malcolm in Jurassic Park (1993). The same quirk was parodied by Jim Varney 's alter ego, Ernest, in a series of films. Elected to the New Jersey Hall of Fame in 2007 for his services to science and history (inaugural election). Official induction ceremonies held in May 2008.

In 2000, DC Comics artist Ed McGuiness often used Einstein's formula as his signature, after illustrating a full issue of "Superman: The Man of Steel". E=MC² was also used in the opening sequence for The Twilight Zone (1959) with the caption, "A dimension of mind.". His IQ has been estimated as falling in between 160 and 180, which would signify genius intelligence. Einstein himself never took an IQ test. Was a Vegetarian. Walter Matthau played Einstein in the film I.Q. (1994) even though he was a half-foot taller than the famous scientist. Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld co-wrote a book, of physics, titled The Evolution of Physics. Wrote a letter in support of the Scottsboro Nine, a group of young African-American men in Alabama who got convicted of assault and rape in what was widely seen as an unfair trial. H.G. Wells and Thomas Mann also wrote letters in support of the young men. Considered himself as a loner and had very few friends during his lifetime.

Said to have had parietal lobes 10% larger than would be expected for an average brain. Steve Martin once wrote a stage play about a hypothetical meeting between Einstein and Picasso. When told of a book entitled "One Hundred Authors against Einstein", he replied "Why one hundred? If I were wrong, one would have been enough.". Mentioned in the song "Einstein A Go-Go" by "Landscape". Devised the theory of relativity. Inducted into the International Mustache Hall of Fame in 2015 (inaugural class) in the category Historical Figure. Was an inventor and called mad in his time even though he's thought of now as one of the greatest scientific minds who ever lived. He is a a fifth cousin, three times removed, of actor and director Peter Berg . Albert's paternal four times great-grandfather, Moyses Einstein, was also Peter's maternal seven times great-grandfather. He did not want his body or brain to studied or worshipped, he left specific instructions upon his death, he was to be cremated and the ashes to be scattered in secret.

He has an Erdös-Bacon-Sabbath number of 11, which ties him with Natalie Portman and Adam Savage, and is among the lowest on the planet. Doc Brown, the eccentric inventor from the Back to the Future trilogy has a pet dog named after Einstein. Producer Julian Blaustein cast Sam Jaffee as Professor Barnhardt in "The Day the Earth Stood Still" (1951) because of his resemblance to Albert Einstein who, at that time, was the most recognized scientist in the world. For years afterward, Blaustein, and director Robert Wise, would refer to Professor Barnhardt as the "Einstein character.". Personal Quotes (42) [giving the most practical, understandable explanation of the Theory of Relativity; how time can expand or contract] You spend 30 minutes with a beautiful girl, it seems like a moment. You spend a moment sitting on a hot stove, it seems like 30 minutes. The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources. I do not much believe in education. Each man ought to be his own model, however frightful that may be. Few are those who see with their own eyes and feel with their own hearts.

I never think of the future. It comes soon enough. The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it? The wireless telegraph is not difficult to understand. The ordinary telegraph is like a very long cat. You pull the tail in New York, and it meows in Los Angeles. The wireless is the same, only without the cat. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world. The pursuit of truth and beauty is a sphere of activity in which we are permitted to remain children all our lives. There is a race between mankind and the universe. Mankind is trying to build bigger, better, faster, and more foolproof machines. The universe is trying to build bigger, better, and faster fools. So far the universe is winning. As a young man, my fondest dream was to become a geographer. However while working in the customs office I thought deeply about the matter and concluded that it was far too difficult a subject. With some reluctance, I then turned to physics as a substitute. Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former.

I assert that the cosmic religious experience is the strongest and the noblest driving force behind scientific research. I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right. When I examine myself and my methods of thought, I come close to the conclusion that the gift of fantasy has meant more to me than my talent for absorbing positive knowledge. by Ted Morgan in the book "FDR", Simon & Schuster, 1985] I made one great mistake in my life--when I signed the letter to [President Franklin D. Roosevelt ] recommending that atom bombs be made . . . but there was some justification: the danger that the Germans would make them. in "Life" magazine, 9 January 1950] The grand aim of all science is to cover the greatest number of empirical facts by logical deduction from the smallest number of hypotheses or axioms. A photograph never grows old. You and I change, people change all through the months and years but a photograph always remains the same. How nice to look at a photograph of mother or father taken many years ago. You see them as you remember them. But as people live on, they change completely.

That is why I think a photograph can be kind. Whoever undertakes to set himself up as a judge of Truth and Knowledge is shipwrecked by the laughter of the gods. [Upon learning of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima] If I had only known, I would have been a watchmaker! [Referring to Mohandas K. Gandhi after Gandhi's assassination] Generations to come, it may be, will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth! Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds. I am a deeply religious nonbeliever. This is a somewhat new kind of religion. The important thing is not to stop questioning. Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one. The difference between stupidity and genius is that genius has its limits. Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind. Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by age 18. Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere. I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones. There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle.

The other is as though everything is a miracle. If the facts don't fit the theory, change the facts. An empty stomach is not a good political adviser. Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school. The hardest thing in the world to understand is income tax. If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z. Work is x; y is play; and z is keeping your mouth shut. The eternal mystery of the universe is its comprehensibility. Before God, we are equally wise--equally foolish. Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts. [in 1932] There is not the slightest indication that nuclear energy will ever be obtainable. It would mean that the atom would have to be shattered at will. If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, of what, then, is an empty desk a sign? See also Albert Einstein: a short biography - Telegraph Science News Albert Einstein: a short biography Albert Einstein is probably the world’s most famous scientist but how much about him do you really know? Here is a short biography of the father of quantum theory. Dr.

Albert Einstein writes out an equation for the density of the Milky Way on the blackboard at the Carnegie Institute Photo: AP Albert Einstein's name has become synonymous with genius but his contributions to science might have been cut short had he stayed in Germany, where he was born on March 14, 1879. It was 1933 and a charismatic politician called Adolf Hitler had just become Chancellor. Einstein, a Jew, learned that his name was on a Nazi list of people earmarked for assassination and a bounty had been put on his head. One German magazine even included him on a list of enemies of the state under the phrase: “Not yet hanged.” He had already been used to being something of a migrant as, by the age of 17, his parents had already taken him to live in Italy and Switzerland, where he began training to be a physics and maths teacher in 1896.

Related Articles Q&A on Nasa satellite crashing to Earth 22 Sep 2011 Einstein qualified and became a Swiss citizen but couldn’t find a teaching job so began work as an assistant in the Swiss Patent Office in 1901, where he was passed over for promotion because he had not got to grips with “machine technology”. However, much of his work was linked to the synchronising of time by mechanical and electrical means, which sowed the seeds that would later transform the understanding of the universe. His first theoretical paper – on the capillary forces of a straw – was published in a respected journal that same year and by 1905 he was awarded his doctorate by the University of Zurich. The scientist’s work began to pour out of him – by the end of that year, he published no less than four revolutionary papers on matter and energy; the photoelectric effect; Brownian motion; and the idea that perhaps defined him most of all – special relativity. Despite the acclaim that he began to accrue, he continued working at the patent office until 1909.

Two years later his work on relativity made him world famous when he concluded that the trajectory of light arriving on Earth from a star would be bent by the gravity of the Sun. His conclusions ripped up the ideas of Newtonian mechanics which had stood since the 17th century. They are modest, intelligent, considerate and have a feel for art. [Einstein on the Japanese] He returned to Germany where he held several prestigious positions, including president of the German Physical Society. By 1921, his groundbreaking theories had transformed the basics of modern physics and he was awarded the Nobel Prize. However, it was not given for his most famous work, that of relativity, because it remained too controversial. Instead, the judges used his explanation of the photoelectric effect to explain the award.

The famous scientist began to lecture worldwide and travelled to Singapore, Sri Lanka, Palestine and Japan, where he spoke before the emperor and declared: “Of all the people I have met, I like the Japanese most, as they are modest, intelligent, considerate and have a feel for art.” Wherever he went by this stage he was greeted like a head of state or a rock star, with crowds thronging to hear him and cannons fired to salute his arrival. The rise of Hitler and Nazism persuaded him to move to the US, where he later shed his avowal of pacifism and wrote to President Roosevelt urging him to press ahead with construction of a nuclear bomb to ensure the Germans did not get there first. There was always with him a wonderful purity at once childlike and profoundly stubborn. [Robert Oppenheimer on Einstein] He later said this letter was his life’s biggest regret because nuclear weapons had such a fierce capacity for destruction. He began work at Princeton University and became a US citizen in 1940 (his third passport) where he was a strident critic of racism, calling it America’s “worst disease”.

Albert Einstein died of internal bleeding on April 17, 1955, aged 76, which was marked with headlines around the world. But his story did not end there - his brain was removed by the pathologist to try to understand what made him so intelligent. At his memorial, Robert Oppenheimer, the developer of the atomic bomb which Einstein had backed, said: “He was almost wholly without sophistication and wholly without worldliness. “There was always with him a wonderful purity at once childlike and profoundly stubborn.” Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property :: Einstein Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property Albert Einstein: Physicist and World Citizen Albert Einstein at his desk in the patent office in 1904 (Photo by Lucien Chavan, 1868-1942) He was voted as «Person of the Century» by Time Magazine and is probably the most popular scientist ever born: Albert Einstein. Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1879. He grew up in Munich and moved to Switzerland in 1895 where he studied at the Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich. In 1901 he became a Swiss citizen.

In 1905, at the age of twenty-six, he began his astounding career while employed at the patent office in Bern. He published five ground-breaking papers during just one extraordinary year. By the age of 30 he had been made a professor in Zurich. Seven years later he went on to publish his famous theory of relativity. In 1921 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his quantum theory, and in 1933 he was made professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in the United States where he continued to live for the rest of his life. He died in 1955. Einstein not only changed the face of physics, he also made a name for himself through his activism for international understanding and peace. Last modified:21.04.2011 12:51 Albert Einstein Albert Einstein Can You Believe It? There is a crater on the Moon named after Albert Einstein. Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany. He was the first child born to Hermann and Pauline Einstein. Though he attended school as a young boy, he also received instruction at home on Judaism and violin.

By the age of twelve he had taught himself geometry. At the age of sixteen he failed an exam in order to qualify to train as an electrical engineer. He remained in school and developed anew plan for his future. Einstein decided to study math and physics so he could become a teacher. Einstein thought he would be good at this because he could think mathematically and abstractly while lacking imagination and practicality. In 1896 he renounced his German citizenship. He was not a citizen of any country until 1901 when he became a citizen of Switzerland. In 1900 he graduated as a teacher of math and physics. His teachers did not think very highly of him though so he had difficulty being recommended for a job at a university. In 1901 he took a job as a temporary high school teacher and married Mileva Maritsch. The couple had two sons prior to divorcing. Einstein later married his cousin Elsa Einstein. From 1902 through 1909, Einstein worked in a patent office in Bern, Switzerland. While working in the patent office he published many papers on theoretical physics. He earned a Ph.D. in 1905.

In 1905 Einstein wrote a paper on what is now known as the special theory of relativity. This paper contained two hypotheses. The first stated that the laws of physics had to have the same form in any frame of reference. The second hypothesis stated that the speed of light was a constant. Later that year Einstein also showed how mass and energy were equivalent. Following an impressive few years of work, Einstein became a lecturer at the University of Bern. In 1909 he finally got a post at a university when he became a faculty member at the University of Zurich. In 1911 Einstein taught at Carl-Ferdinand University in Prague. The following year he returned to Germany to continue his work. In 1916 Einstein published his general theory of relativity. This theory linked gravitation , acceleration and the four dimensional space-time. With this theory he was able to account for the variations in the orbital motions of the planets. He also predicted that starlight in the vicinity of a massive object such as the Sun could be bent. This was confirmed in 1919 during a solar eclipse . This further increased the adulation with which the press viewed Einstein.

He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect. This work proposed that light be considered as consisting of particles called photons. Einstein further proposed that the energy the photon contains is proportional to the frequency of the radiation. Einstein was not only a scientist, but also a social activist and a humanitarian. He spoke out against the German involvement in World War I. In 1920 a demonstration interrupted a lecture given by Einstein in Berlin. There was also growing criticism of his work by certain Germans. Einstein felt the disruptions and criticisms were occurring because he was Jewish. Einstein traveled the world lecturing and raising funds for a planned Hebrew University in Jerusalem. His hectic lifestyle led to a physical collapse in 1928. By 1930 he was once again travelling the world, especially the United States. On one of these visits he was offered a post at Princeton University in New Jersey. Einstein accepted, believing that he would spend seven months of the year in Munich and five months of the year in the United States. In December of 1932 he left for the United States. A month after his departure the Nazis assumed control of Germany.

Einstein never returned to Germany. In 1935 Einstein was granted permanent residency in the United States and became a citizen in 1940. In 1944 he hand wrote his 1905 theory on relativity and allowed it to be auctioned. It sold for six million dollars, which he donated to the effort to win World War II. The work resides in the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. By 1949 Einstein was in failing health. His health was so bad that when offered the presidency of Israel in 1952 he had to decline it. In 1955, one week prior to his death, he agreed to have his name appear on a manifesto calling for the end to nuclear weapons. He died in April of 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey. Einstein was cremated and his ashes were spread at an undisclosed location. Albert Einstein - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904) Born on March 14, 1879, in the southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up in a middle-class Jewish family in Munich.

As a child, Einstein became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics and science. He dropped out of school in 1894 and moved to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich. In 1896, he renounced his German citizenship, and remained officially stateless before becoming a Swiss citizen in 1901. Did You Know? Almost immediately after Albert Einstein learned of the atomic bomb's use in Japan, he became an advocate for nuclear disarmament. He formed the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists and backed Manhattan Project scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer in his opposition to the hydrogen bomb. While at Zurich Polytechnic, Einstein fell in love with his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed the match and he lacked the money to marry. The couple had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, of whom little is known. After finding a position as a clerk at the Swiss patent office in Bern, Einstein married Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905) While working at the patent office, Einstein did some of the most creative work of his life, producing no fewer than four groundbreaking articles in 1905 alone. In the first paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light in order to explain the phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect, by which a material will emit electrically charged particles when hit by light. The second article contained Einstein’s experimental proof of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian motion, in which tiny particles were suspended in water. In the third and most famous article, titled “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,” Einstein confronted the apparent contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and time and James Clerk Maxwell’s idea that the speed of light was a constant. To do this, Einstein introduced his special theory of relativity, which held that the laws of physics are the same even for objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds relative to each other), and that the speed of light is a constant in all inertial frames.

A fourth paper concerned the fundamental relationship between mass and energy, concepts viewed previously as completely separate. Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the constant speed of light) expressed this relationship. From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932) Einstein continued working at the patent office until 1909, when he finally found a full-time academic post at the University of Zurich. In 1913, he arrived at the University of Berlin, where he was made director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. The move coincided with the beginning of Einstein’s romantic relationship with a cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually marry after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general theory of relativity, which he considered his masterwork. This theory found that gravity, as well as motion, can affect time and space. According to Einstein’s equivalence principle–which held that gravity’s pull in one direction is equivalent to an acceleration of speed in the opposite direction–if light is bent by acceleration, it must also be bent by gravity.

In 1919, two expeditions sent to perform experiments during a solar eclipse found that light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent by the gravity of the sun in just the way Einstein had predicted. The general theory of relativity was the first major theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years before, and the results made a tremendous splash worldwide, with the London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Einstein began touring the world, speaking in front of crowds of thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for his work on the photoelectric effect, as his work on relativity remained controversial at the time. Einstein soon began building on his theories to form a new science of cosmology, which held that the universe was dynamic instead of static, and was capable of expanding and contracting. Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39) A longtime pacifist and a Jew, Einstein became the target of hostility in Weimar Germany, where many citizens were suffering plummeting economic fortunes in the aftermath of defeat in the Great War.

In December 1932, a month before Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, Einstein made the decision to emigrate to the United States, where he took a position at the newly founded Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey . He would never again enter the country of his birth. By the time Einstein’s wife Elsa died in 1936, he had been involved for more than a decade with his efforts to find a unified field theory, which would incorporate all the laws of the universe, and those of physics, into a single framework. In the process, Einstein became increasingly isolated from many of his colleagues, who were focused mainly on the quantum theory and its implications, rather than on relativity. Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955) In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of the development of the atomic bomb. In 1939, at the urging of the Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for the development of uranium before Germany could gain the upper hand. Einstein, who became a U.S.

citizen in 1940 but retained his Swiss citizenship, was never asked to participate in the resulting Manhattan Project, as the U.S. government suspected his socialist and pacifist views. In 1952, Einstein declined an offer extended by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s premier, to become president of Israel. Throughout the last years of his life, Einstein continued his quest for a unified field theory. Though he published an article on the theory in Scientific American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, of an aortic aneurysm, five years later. In the decades following his death, Einstein’s reputation and stature in the world of physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the mystery of the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of his unified field theory) and space satellites further verified the principles of his cosmology. Tags

Question: Which famous scientist was born in Germany in 1879, became a Swiss citizen in 1901 and later became a US citizen in 1940?
Answer: Albert Einstein