King John | Britroyals Britroyals Born: December 24, 1166 at Beaumont Palace : Oxford Parents: Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine Relation to Elizabeth II: 21st great-grandfather House of: Angevin Ascended to the throne: April 6, 1199 aged 32 years Crowned: May 27, 1199 at Westminster Abbey Married: 1) Isabella of Gloucester, (annulled 1199), (2) Isabella, Daughter of Count of Angouleme Children: Two sons including Henry III, three daughters and several illegitimate children Died: October 18, 1216 at Newark Castle, aged 49 years, 9 months, and 24 days Buried at: Worcester Reigned for: 17 years, 6 months, and 13 days Succeeded by: his son Henry III John was nicknamed Lackland, probably because, as the youngest of Henry II's five sons, it was difficult to find a portion of his father's French possessions for him to inherit.

He was acting king from 1189 during his brother Richard the Lion-Heart's absence on the Third Crusade. The legend of Robin Hood dates from this time in which John is portrayed as Bad King John. He was involved in intrigues against his absent brother, but became king in 1199 when Richard was killed in battle in France. Most of his reign was dominated by war with France. Following the peace treaty of Le Goulet there was a brief peace, but fighting resumed again in 1202. John had lost Normandy and almost all the other English possessions in France to Philip II of France by 1204. He spent the next decade trying to regain these without success and was finally defeated by Philip Augustus at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. He was also in conflict with the Church. In 1205 he disputed the pope's choice of Stephen Langton as archbishop of Canterbury, and Pope Innocent III placed England under an interdict, suspending all religious services, including baptisms, marriages, and burials. John retaliated by seizing church revenues, and in 1209 was excommunicated.

Eventually, John submitted, accepting the papal nominee, and agreed to hold the kingdom as a fief of the papacy; an annual monetary tribute was paid to the popes for the next 150 years by successive English monarchs. His repressive policies and ruthless taxation to fund the warin France brought him into conflict with his barons which became known as the Barons War. In 1215 rebel baron leaders marched on London where they were welcomed by an increasing band of defectors from John�s royalist supporters. Their demands were drawn up in a document which became the known as the Magna Carta. John sort peace and met them at Runnymede where on 15th June 1215 he agreed to their demands and sealed the Magna Carta. It was a remarkable document which set limits on the powers of the king, laid out the feudal obligations of the barons, confirmed the liberties of the Church, and granted rights to all freemen of the realm and their heirs for ever. It was the first written constitution. Read and view the Magna Carta . His concessions did not buy peace for long and the Barons War continued.

The barons sought French aid and Prince Louis of France landed in England supported by attacks from the North by Alexander II of Scotland. John fled and according to legend lost most of his baggage and the crown jewels when crossing the tidal estuaries of the Wash. He became ill with dysentery and died at Newark Castle in October 1216. Quotes: No free man shall be taken or imprisioned .. except by lawful judgement of his peers ..' - Magna Carta, Clause 39, 1215 Timeline for King John King John of England 1199 1216 Send to Kindle King John of England son of the Angevin and Plantagenet Empire 1199-1216 King John of England was the youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine , his siblings included Henry The Younger King (his eldest brother) and Richard I , the Lionheart. Already you can get a sense of te context and perspective in which John’s life and destiny would take shape.

Born into Angevin Empire and Plantagenent Empire where scheming and plotting were rife, he grew-up fearing that forces were intent on working against him and determined to outmaneuver those closest to him. Historians have often cited John as the weak, manipulating and jealous younger son was this really true? Was John’s greatest achievement his least intended? John had master-minded his own muddled political mess and would engineer relationships and alliances and drop them as quickly as he forged them. He was forced into meeting the Barons at Runnymede and agreed to their terms only for the purpose of expedience. He had no intention of keeping to the letter of the law as set out in Magna Carta. It failed as a peace treaty and would perhaps have failed overall if John’s demise and death had not occurred in the following year in which it was sealed. John achieved very little that was constructive during his life but this one inadvertant act whilst not working immediately has had an impact over the last 800 years of that we are certain. How intriguing and ironic that it was an act he had no intention of fulfilling but created perhaps the most iconic and significant legal document of all time?

It certainly impacted across many nations and formed an intrinsic part of many common law and formal written constitutions. King John his family, ancestors and descendants Henry II had earlier favoured Richard but overtime he swung towards John. Leading Richard to firmly align with the Angevin interests and base himself in France, seeking constantly to strengthen his position and ensure his dominance in the line of succession. This was a family in constant turmoil and conflict with even John’s parents being in a constant state of virtual war and enmity both metaphorically and sometimes quite literally. King John’s Ancestors You can point and click to see a larger version of this diagram or download a pdf version here: Ancestors of JOHN PLANTAGENET King John’s Descendants Diagram This is a work in progress but is too large to display here in full, simply click here to open King John descendants diagram as a PDF Descendants of JOHN PLANTAGENET v1 King John brief chronology and timeline This sets out the major dates and events in approximate chrnological order for the life and reign of King John.

1185 Lordship of Ireland: John received the Lordship of Ireland which had been won by his father Henry II but when John went there he managed single-handedly to alienate both the English colonists and the Irish Kings, dashing the progress his father had achieved. 1189 Nicknamed John Lackland: due to the paucity of landed wealth he had directly been awarded by his father compared in contrast to his successful brother Richard, he had not initially joined his brother in rebellion but when he realised his father was dying, he turned his allegiance to Richard as a turncoat. 1189 John married Isabel, a daughter of the Duke of Gloucester. They had no children and shortly before John became king the marriage was annulled on the grounds that Isabel was John’s second cousin. 1191-1194 Rebellion and Conspiracy against his brother the absent King: whilst Richard was away at the Crusades, John further conspired with Philip II Augustus of France to rebel against his absent brother. Despite this treachery, some two months later Richard forgave his brother. 1199 5 years later John names as Richard’s Heir: Richard extends this forgiveness further naming John as his heir.

Doubts were rife about his likely competence and ability to take-on his brother’s mantle but he managed to do so, very smoothly, encountering only some armed insurrection and opposition in the heart of Anjou. 1200 John marries his 2nd Wife Isabella of Angouleme: She was a French noble woman who became Countess of Angouleme in the year 1202. Itis believed she was only about 12 years old when she married John. This caused bad blood and enraged Hugh deLusignan (of Poitou) to appeal to Philip II Augustus of France for justice and action. It was to have dire consequences, directly leading to the collapse of the Angevin Empire with which he had by default been entrusted. Isabella was crowned Queen at Westminster Abbey in Oct 1200. Isabella and John had 5 children to King John: details are set-out below in date order. future King Henry III, ascending to the throne at just 9 years of age.

Richard, Earl of Cornwall Joan, future Queen of Scots Isabella, wife of Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen Eleanor, Countess of Pembroke and Leicester Subsequently in 1218 2 years after John’s death Isabella did marry Hugh de Lusignan’s son, having a further 4 children by Hugh, making a total of 9 collectively, they would be known as ‘The Lusignans’ in English history. The Luisignan relatives joined John in England and enjoyed his disproportionate patronage, their power and privilege was deeply resented in England. This would create a dangerous suspicion of foreigners interfering in the government of England going forward. Ironic given all the Plantagenets were descended from the Anglo-Norman realms and a line traced back to William I. With many royals believed to have spoken French as their first language for some time to come. 1203-4 it was believed that John had murdered his own nephew Arthur of Brittany, this left him with few allies and when Philip invaded Normandy and Anjou, few came to his aid, particularly as he cowardly retreated to England, becoming known for his lack of resolve as SoftSword.

Having lost Anjou and Normandy he retreated further into the British Isles, revisiting Ireland and the North of England extensively. Over the next 10 years he built-up his war chest and sought to prepare for counter attack on Philip, to buy favour and diplomatic power to support his proposed campaign. Philip planned to invade England in response. 1207 Henry son of Isabella and John was born, reigning from just 9 years old for 56 years, one of the longest reigns of any King of England, surpassed only by Queen Victoria and Elizabeth II. 1208 – Papal Interdict on England: John has failed to appease the Pope and incurs his wrath whilst he also refuses to accept the Pope’s appointment of the Archbishop of Canterbury. It was not only Henry VIII that would resist papal power. But eventually John conceeds and Langton is appointed Archbishop. 1213 – Stephen Langton installed as Archbishop: King John finally accepts Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury. Langton subsequently absolves John of his excommunication from the Church. 1209 son Richard born would become Earl of Cornwall amongst many other titles and one of the richest men in England.

Henry succeeds John as Henry III, only a 9 year old child , how would he cope…how would help and hinder him along the way… The passing of time has shown that whilst introducing and signing Magna Carta , a critical document in the future development of democracy it was more by default than by a desire to engineer a better form of government, his oppressive style did not reap the political and military successes demanded. John was a poor King for England and largely responsible for the loss and decline of the Angevin Empire, hardly a success…so how would his son and heir fair in what was to shape the next reign… To find out more choose from one of these links and explore some more about this intriguing and often mytholigised period in British History: The Monarchs: King John (1199 – 1216) - One of England's Most Terrible Kings - Famous for Sealing the Magna Carta - Anglotopia.net Issue #4 Now Shipping! We received Issue #4 from the printer last week and have begun the process of shipping out. There’s almost 900 to send, so it will take a about 7-10 days to ship them all out.

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We will likely sell out again. Click here to preorder. Related By Toni Ford 3 Comments ‘Signing’ Magna Carta – Was Actually Sealed King John is thought to be the antithesis of King Richard, the Lionheart who preceded him. If Richard was tall, strong, brave and an accomplished military leader, John was short, weak, cowardly and completely unskilled in the art of war. After attempting to steal the English crown from his brother Richard, who had entrusted John to look after his Kingdom while he led the Third Crusade, John legally inherited the throne in 1199 when Richard was killed in battle. King John’s is remembered today for his sealing of the Magna Carta, a document sealed under pressure to avoid a full scale civil war. John lost all English territories in France, his treasure, his crown and his life aged just 49. Key Facts about King John John was born on December 24th 1167 in Oxford, England. He became King of England on April 7th 1199, aged 32.

John was married twice, first to Isabella of Gloucester whom he divorced in 1200 and second to Isabella of Angouleme with whom he had five children. He died at 49 of dysentery and is buried at Worcester Cathedral. The Life of King John The youngest of the nine children of King Henry II and Queen Eleanor, John was born into a dynasty already at war over titles and inheritance. Shortly after his birth he was sent, along with his sister Joan, to Fontevault Abbey. Neither of his parents had any involvement in his upbringing and it is thought that a future in the church was encouraged. Yet, as soon as he was old enough, John joined in the scheming and treachery within the royal family whole-heartedly. John joined his brothers in a revolt against King Henry II when Henry was already dying and then later plotting against his brother Richard when he was overseas leading the Third Crusade. His childhood nickname, Lackland, a cruel joke referring to his lack of inheritance due to his late and unexpected birth (Eleanor was 45 when she gave birth to John, a very old pregnancy by the standards of the Middle Ages), followed him throughout his life.

John is thought to have been the favorite son of King Henry II and there is much evidence to this fact. John was originally betrothed to Alais, heiress to Humbert III of Savoy, when he was just five years old. At the same time, King Henry II transferred ownership of three prominent castles and estates into John’s name. In 1176 King Henry had the sisters of Isabelle of Gloucester disinherited so that he could betroth her to John, securing for him her vast fortune. Then in 1177 Henry dismissed the Lord of Ireland and replaced him with John, who was just ten years old. It is these acts that are thought to have instigated the animosity between King Henry and his other sons that led to years of uncertainty and revolt. John’s rule of Ireland was unsuccessful to say the least. He failed to make allies among the Anglo-Norman settlers, offended the native Irish and failed to stabilize the country. Within six months, John was withdrawn from his position and sent home. Soon after, Henry II’s eldest son Geoffrey died and tensions within the family grew.

Richard was afraid Henry would choose John as his successor and so, along with Philip II of France, launched a war against him. John’s support was supposed to be with his father Henry, but he treacherously changed sides late in the war when it became clear that his father’s health was waning and he was likely to lose the fight. During Richard’s reign, John was married to Isabella of Gloucester and given valuable lands in various English counties in an attempt to buy his loyalty while Richard was away fighting the Third Crusade. It was agreed that John would leave England and remain a resident elsewhere for the next three years to deter him from launching any real threat to Richard’s crown. However, the political system Richard had set up to rule in his absence quickly fell apart, leaving John free to set up his own royal court. John fought with Richard’s chancellor, William Longchamp, a conflict that resulted in Longchamp being held in the Tower of London while John took control of the city and had its citizens recognize him as heir to the throne. Desperate to find a powerful ally before his big brother returned from his crusade and found out what he had been up to John sought the friendship of King Philip II of France.

Philip had recently returned from Richard’s crusade with ill-feeling towards the King. Despite John’s scheming and the civil war that broke out between followers of Richard and John in England, Richard forgave his younger brother on his return, remarking that John was but “a child who has had evil counselors”. Although Arthur of Brittany, four year-old son of oldest son Geoffrey, was named heir to Richard’s throne, John was crowned King of England on April 7th 1199 at Westminster Abbey. John’s ten year marriage to Isabel of Gloucester was childless so once he became King he quickly had the marriage annulled. Less than a year later, John kidnapped Isabella of Angouleme from her fiancée Hugh IX le Brun, Count of Lusignan, and married her in a ceremony on 24th August 1200. Isabella was between nine and twelve years old at the time she became Queen of England, young even for medieval standards, but the King was thought to be besotted by her. Between the years 1207 and 1215, Isabella bore John five healthy children who all lived into adulthood and took up powerful positions in the English nobility.

John also acknowledged up to 12 illegitimate children, many of whom were the result of him seducing the wives and children of his barons. Incredibly, following John’s death, Isabella returned to Angouleme to marry her original fiancée, Hugh IX le Brun, with whom she gave birth to a further nine children. As a direct result of John’s aggressive approach to securing Isabella’s hand in marriage, King Philip II confiscated all of the couple’s French lands and war ensued. Early in his reign, John lost the regions of Normandy, Anjou and Maine. Anjou and Maine had defected on the death of Richard, choosing Arthur as their lord. John had Arthur killed and in retaliation King Philip occupied Normandy, Anjou and Maine. John attempted to regain the territories he had lost but due to a lack of resources, bad treatment of allies and general incompetence, John lost all English territories on the continent to Philip of France except the Duchy of Aquitaine. In 1207 King John fell out with Pope Innocent III over who should become the next Archbishop of Canterbury.

This disagreement led to the Pope excommunicating John and placing England under Church law, an act that made any christenings or marriages performed in the country invalid without the pope’s personal consent. The English people were horrified and King John became more unpopular than ever. It took until 1213 for John to reconcile with the pope in formal agreement that involved the exchange cash and was thought to be humiliating to the King. The loss of all of England’s French territories led to the Baron’s Revolt and John was forced to agree to the Magna Carta, granting certain rights to English men and women, in order to avoid a full scale civil war. Although important politically and symbolically, Magna Carta did not bring about an end to war and after two years of fighting, King John became gravely ill. John’s personal treasure was lost when his carriage was washed away in the Wash, Lincolnshire and just a few days later he met with his death. King John was succeeded by King Henry III. Legacy of King John As is the nature of historiography, historian’s opinions on King John have changed over time.

John’s reign is remembered for his huge military defeats, most notably his loss of Normandy to Philip II of France in the first few years of his reign. Although it is difficult to gauge public opinion during the Middle Ages, when very little was recorded by the mostly illiterate masses, it is thought that John was an unpopular King. His taxes were high, his foreign campaigns unsuccessful, and his private life said to be immoral. However, King John does have his supporters. As a regular judge at the Royal Courts, John was thought to have been diligent and fair and he implemented a fastidious approach to record-taking that the archivists of today will thank him for. John managed to aggrieve the Pope of the time, almost all of his powerful Barons and King Philip II of France during his reign, leading many to conclude that he was inept in the political subtlety needed to be a successful monarch. John was forced to seal the Magna Carta, a document so important it has been preserved to present day, and eventually lost his throne under the threat of a devastating civil war.

Film and TV Shows Featuring King John Ironclad (2011) The Lion in Winter (2003) Ivanhoe (1997) TV Show The Life and Death of King John (1984) Ivanhoe (1952) United Kingdom - John (1199-1216) | history - geography | Britannica.com William Ewart Gladstone Richard, mortally wounded at a siege in France in 1199, was succeeded by his brother John, one of the most detested of English kings. John’s reign was characterized by failure. Yet while he must bear a heavy responsibility for his misfortunes, it is only fair to recognize that he inherited the resentment that had built up against his brother and father. Also, while his reign ended in disaster, some of his financial and military measures anticipated positive developments in Edward I’s reign. Loss of French possessions John had nothing like the military ability or reputation of his brother. He could win a battle in a fit of energy, only to lose his advantage in a spell of indolence.

After repudiating his first wife, Isabella of Gloucester, John married the fiancée of Hugh IX the Brown of the Lusignan family, one of his vassals in Poitou . For this offense he was summoned to answer to Philip II , his feudal overlord for his holdings in France. When John refused to attend, his lands in France were declared forfeit. In the subsequent war he succeeded in capturing his nephew Arthur of Brittany, whom many in Anjou and elsewhere regarded as Richard I’s rightful heir. Arthur died in mysterious and suspicious circumstances. But once the great castle of Château Gaillard , Richard I’s pride and joy, had fallen in March 1204, the collapse of Normandy followed swiftly. By 1206 all that was left of the inheritance of the Norman kings was the Channel Islands . John, however, was determined to recover his losses. Struggle with the papacy Upon his return to England John became involved in a conflict with Pope Innocent III over the choice of an archbishop. At Hubert Walter’s death in 1205 the monks at Canterbury had secretly elected their subprior and sent him to Rome to receive the pallium from the pope.

The secret got out, however, and John forced the election of one of his confidants, John de Grey, bishop of Norwich , who then was also sent to Rome. Innocent III was not a man to miss such a good opportunity to demonstrate the plenitude of papal power. He quashed both elections and engineered the election of the learned and talented cardinal Stephen Langton . John, however, refused to receive Stephen and seized the revenues of Canterbury. Since John had already quarreled with his half brother the archbishop of York, who had fled abroad, England was without either archbishop. In 1208 Innocent imposed an interdict on England, forbidding the administration of the sacraments and certain church rites. In the following year he excommunicated John. The bishops of Winchester and Norwich remained the sole support of John’s power in the church. John made the most of the opportunity to collect the revenues of the sees vacated by bishops who had gone into exile. Related Places Aroostook War From about 1180 the pace of economic change quickened, with a shift to what is known as “high farming.” The direct management of estates began to replace a rentier system.

There was a marked price and wage inflation . Daily wages for a knight rose from eight pence a day early in Henry II’s day to two shillings under John. Landlords who relied upon fixed rents found times difficult, but most responded by taking manors into their own hands and by profiting from direct sales of demesne produce at market. A new class of professional estate managers, or stewards , began to appear. Towns continued to prosper, and many bought privileges of self-government from Richard I and John. The weaving industry was important, and England was noted as a producer of very high quality woolen cloth. England, notably under Henry II, participated in the cosmopolitan movement that has come to be called the “12th-century Renaissance.” Scholars frequented the court, and works on law and administration, especially the Dialogue of the Exchequer and the law book attributed to Ranulf de Glanville , show how modern ideas were being applied to the arts of government. In ecclesiastical architecture new methods of vaulting gave builders greater freedom, as may be seen, for example, in the construction of the choir at Canterbury, rebuilt after a fire in 1174 by William of Sens .

In military architecture, the traditional rectangular plan was abandoned in keeps such as those at Orford and Conisborough. It was a self-confident, innovative, and assertive age. The 13th century The 13th century saw England develop a much clearer identity. The loss of continental possessions under King John focused the attention of the monarchy on England in a way that had not happened since 1066. Not only did the concept of the community of the realm develop—used both by the crown and its opponents—but the period was also notable in constitutional terms, seeing the beginning of Parliament . The notion that the realm was a community and that it should be governed by representatives of that community perhaps found its first practical expression in the period following the issue of Magna Carta in which a council of regency ruled on behalf of a child king not yet able to govern in his own right. The phrase “community of the land” initially meant little more than the totality of the baronage. But the need to obtain a wider degree of consent to taxation , and perhaps also the impact of new ideas derived from Roman law , led to change. In addition the county communities exerted some pressure.

Knights were being asked to play an increasingly important part in local government, and soon they made their voice heard at a national level. In the conflict that broke out between Henry III and the barons in the latter part of that king’s reign, political terms acquired some sophistication, and under Edward I the concept of representation was further developed. Henry III (1216–72) Minority The years until his death in 1219 were dominated by William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke . As regent in all but name he achieved success in the civil war and, assisted by the papal legate Guala, did much to restore royal government in its aftermath. After Marshal’s death there was a struggle for political power between Hubert de Burgh , the justiciar , and Peter des Roches , bishop of Winchester. Despite factional disputes, by the time Henry III declared himself to be of age in 1227, the minority government had achieved much. To have retained control of royal castles was a notable achievement, while the seizure of Bedford Castle from Fawkes de Breauté, a former protégé of King John, was a spectacular triumph. Early reign Henry came under increasing foreign dominance.

His marriage in 1236 to Eleanor of Provence was followed by an influx of her Savoyard relations, while the other significant group of foreigners was headed by the king’s half brothers, the Lusignans (children of his mother, Isabella, by her second marriage). Attempts to recover the lost lands in France with expeditions in 1230 and 1242 were unsuccessful. Only in Wales did he achieve limited military success. In the 1250s plans, backed by the papacy, were made to place Henry’s second son Edmund on the Sicilian throne; by 1258 these plans had involved the crown in an impossibly heavy financial commitment of 135,000 marks. A lenient policy toward the magnates did not yield much support for the king, and after 1237 it proved impossible to negotiate the grant of direct taxes with unwilling subjects. Henry, moreover, faced a series of political crises. A baronial revolt in 1233, led by Richard , son of William Marshal, ended in tragedy.

Richard was killed in Ireland, to the king’s great grief: there were allegations that the king had been tricked into agreeing to the earl’s destruction. Further political crises in 1238 and 1244 did nothing to resolve tensions. In 1238 the king’s brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, rebelled, and leading advisers such as William of Savoy left the royal council . In 1244 Henry III faced opposition in Parliament from both lay and ecclesiastical magnates. A draft proposal suggested a complex system for adding four men to the council, who were to be “conservators of liberties” as well as overseers of royal finance. The king was able, however, to exploit the differences between his opponents, and their campaign achieved little. Henry was naive; he was, on the one hand, overly trustful and, on the other, bitter against those who betrayed his trust. There was growing discontent at a local level with the conduct of royal government. The county communities The society of the period should not be seen solely in terms of the feudal hierarchy .

There are indications that the community of the county, dominated by local knights and the stewards of the magnates, was of growing importance in this period. Although the crown could and did rely extensively on the knights in local government and administration, the knights were resentful of any intrusion of royal officers from outside and determined to defend local rights and privileges. Incidents such as that in Lincolnshire in 1226, when the county community protested against innovations in the holding of the county court and appealed to Magna Carta, show a new political awareness at a local level. The localities resented the increased burdens placed on them by Henry III’s government, and tension between court and country was evident. Simon de Montfort and the Barons’ War The main crisis of the reign came in 1258 and was brought on by a cluster of causes. The Savoyard and Lusignan court factions were divided; there were reverses in Wales; the costs of the Sicilian affair were mounting; and there was perceived to be a crisis in local government.

In May 1258 the king was compelled to agree to a meeting of Parliament and to the appointment of a joint committee of dissident barons and his own supporters, 12 from each side, which was to recommend measures for the reform of the kingdom. In the Provisions of Oxford , drawn up in June, a scheme was set out for the creation of a council of 15 to supervise royal government. Parliament was to be held three times a year, at which the 15 would meet with 12 barons representing “the community” (le commun in the original French). The office of justiciar was to be revived, and he, with the chancellor and treasurer, was to account annually before the council. The new justiciar was to hear complaints throughout the country against royal officials. Sheriffs were to be local men, appointed for one year. The households of the king and queen were to be reformed. The drafting of further measures took time. In October 1259 a group calling itself the Community of Bachelors, which seems to have claimed to represent the lesser vassals and knights, petitioned for the fulfillment of the promises of the magnates and king to remedy its grievances.

As a result the Provisions of Westminster were duly published, comprising detailed legal measures that in many cases were in the interests of the knightly class. The Provisions of Oxford led to two years in which the king was under tutelage; he was less even than the first among equals because he was not free to choose his own councillors. The Oxford settlement, however, began to break down in 1260. There were divisions among the king’s opponents, notably between the Earl of Gloucester and the ambitious Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester , Henry’s brother-in-law. The king’s eldest son, Edward , at first backed the unpopular Lusignans, whose exile had been demanded, but then came to an agreement with Simon de Montfort before being reconciled to his father. In 1261, when a papal bull released Henry from his oath to support the Provisions of Oxford, he dismissed the baronial sheriffs, castellans, and other officials imposed on him. Simon de Montfort, by now the undisputed leader of the opposition, raised rebellion, but an agreement was reached to submit the dispute to the arbitration of Louis IX of France.

The verdict of the Mise of Amiens in 1264, however, was so favourable to Henry III that Simon de Montfort could not accept it. Civil war was inevitable. In May 1264 Simon won a resounding victory at Lewes, and a new form of government was set up. Representatives of the boroughs were summoned to Parliament for the first time early in 1265, along with knights of the shire. Simon’s motive for summoning Parliament was undoubtedly political: he needed support from many elements of society. In May 1265 the young Edward, held hostage since 1264 to ensure fulfillment of the terms of the peace of Lewes, escaped and rallied the royalist forces, notably the Welsh marcher lords who played a decisive part throughout these conflicts. In August, Simon was defeated and slain at Evesham . Later reign Henry spent the remainder of his reign settling the problems created by the rebellion. He deprived Simon’s supporters of their lands, but “the Disinherited” fought back from redoubts in forests or fens. The garrison of Kenilworth Castle carried on a notable resistance.

Terms were set in 1266 for former rebels to buy back their lands, and with the issue of the Statute of Marlborough , which renewed some of the reform measures of the Provisions of Westminster, the process of reconstruction began. By 1270 the country was sufficiently settled for Edward to be able to set off on crusade, from which he did not return until two years after his father’s death. By then the community of the realm was ready to begin working with, not against, the crown. United Kingdom - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The United Kingdom is an island country of western Europe. It consists of four parts: England, Scotland, and Wales, which occupy the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland, on the island of Ireland. The country’s full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Sometimes the name Great Britain, or simply Britain, is used for the country as a whole. The capital of the United Kingdom is London, located on the Thames River in southeastern England. Area 93,628 square miles (242,495 square kilometers).

Population (2016 est.) 65,630,000.

Article Contributors John "Lackland" Plantagenet, King of England (1166 - 1216) - Genealogy John "Lackland" Plantagenet, King of England Also Known As: "Johan sanz Terre", "Lackland", "Softsword", "Jean sans Terre", "Sword of Lat", "Soft-sword" Birthdate: in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England Place of Burial: Plot: The Quire, Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England Immediate Family: King of England, KING OF ENGLAND Managed by: Dec 31 1166 - Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England Death: Oct 25 1216 - Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England Spouses: Hawise Plantagenet (born de Tracy), Suzanne de Warenne Daughter: Dec 31 1166 - Kings Manor House, Oxford, England Death: Oct 26 1216 - Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England Parents: Henry II Curtmantle King of England Plantagenet d'Anjou, Eleanor De Poitier

 Duchess Aquitaine Plantagenet d'Anjou (born Consort England) Wife: Dec 31 1166 - Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England Death: Henry II Plantagenet King Of England, Eleanor Plantagenet (born Of Poitou) Wife: Dec 31 1166 - Kings Manor Hous Oxford Oxfodshire England Death: Oct 26 1216 - Newark Nottinghamshire England Wife: Isabella Of Plantagenet (born Angouleme) Son: Queen of England Isabella de Taillefer d'Angouleme, Isabella Plantagenet (born de Taillefer) Children: Dec 31 1166 - Beaumont, Oxfordshire, England Death: Oct 26 1216 - England, Norfolk Wife: ?

Plantagenet Children: ...t, Robert Plantagenet, Joane of England Plantagenet Queen of Scotland, Isabella Plantagenet, Eleanor Plantagenet, Earl Guillaume of Pembroke Dec 24 1166 - Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England Death: Oct 19 1216 - Newark, Nottinghamshire, England Buried: Worcester Cathedral Parents: Isabella FitzRobert, Lady Agatha Clementina, Ferrers Pinel, Clementia Pinel Children: ...hn, Isabella Hohenstaufen, Eleanor Montfort, Richard of England, Henry of England, Joan of Scotland, William Plantagenet, Johanna Colepepper Dec 31 1166 - Oxford, Oxford, England Death: Dec 31 1166 - Kings Manorhouse, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England Death: Oct 26 1216 - Newark, Nottinghamshire, England Wife: Dec 31 1166 - Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England Death: Oct 26 1216 - Newark Castle, Notts, England Son: About John Lackland, King of England alternate birth location details Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire

, England several sources also give his birth year as 1167 other possible death date ; 19 October 1216 ================================================ a short summary from tudorplace website (since it does give the most "wide" summary I could find); JOHN I "Lackland" PLANTAGENET (King of England) Born: 24 Dec 1166, Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England Acceded: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey, London, England Died: 18/9 Oct 1216, Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire Buried: Worcester Cathedral Notes: Signed the Magna Carta at Runnymede, 1215.

Reigned 1199-1216. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he has lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester. It is known that Agatha Ferrers was a mistress of John, but it is only supposition that she is the mother of Joan. Father: HENRY II PLANTAGENET (King of England) Mother: Eleanor of Aquitaine Married 1: Isabella FITZRICHARD (C. Gloucester) 29 Aug 1189, Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire Divorce 1199 Married 2: Isabella of Angoulême (b. 1189 - d. 31 May 1246) (dau.

of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, and Alice De Courtenay) 24 Jun/Aug 1200, Bordeaux Children: 1. HENRY III PLANTAGENET (King of England) 2. Richard PLANTAGENET (1º E. Cornwall) 3. Joan PLANTAGENET (Queen of Scotland) 4. Isabella PLANTAGENET (Empress of Germany) 5. Eleanor PLANTAGENET (C. Pembroke / C. Leicester) Associated with: Agatha De FERRERS Children: Associated with: Clemence DAUNTSEY (wife of Henry Pinel) Associated with: Suzanne PLANTAGENET 7. Richard FITZJOHN (B. Chilham) Associated with: Hawise De TRACY Children: 9. Osbert GIFFORD (d. AFT 1216) 10. Geoffrey FITZROY 11. John FITZROY of Courcy (Knight or Clerk of Lincoln) (d. 1242) 12. Eudo FITZROY (d.

ABT 1242) 13. Ivo FITZROY 15. Richard FITZROY (Constable Wallingford Castle) 16. Matilda PLANTAGENET (Abbess of Barking) 17. Blanche (Isabella) PLANTAGENET ================================================ Wikipedia Links: ==================================================================== Citations / Sources: [S4] C.F.J. Hankinson, editor, DeBretts Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, 147th year (London, U.K.: Odhams Press, 1949), page 20 . Hereinafter cited as DeBretts Peerage, 1949. [S7] #44 Histoire de la maison royale de France anciens barons du royaume: et des grands officiers de la couronne (1726, reprint 1967-1968), Saint-Marie, Anselme de, (3rd edition. 9 volumes. 1726.

Reprint Paris: Editions du Palais Royal, 1967-1968), FHL book 944 D5a; FHL microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol. 1 p. 474, vol. 6 p. 77. [S8] Les Capétiens, 987-1328 (2000), Van Kerrebrouck, Patrick, (Villeneuve-d'Ascq [France]: P. Van Kerrebrouck, 2000), FHL book 929.244 C171v., p. 453. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), pages 65-66, 71. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.

[S13] #379 [7th edition, 1992] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Who Came to America Before 1700: the Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants (7th edition, 1992), Weis, Frederick Lewis, (7th edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, c1992), FHL book 974 D2w 1992., p. 3 line 1:26. [S17] Plantagenet Ancestry, 2011 ed., Richardson, Douglas, (Kimball G. Everingham, editor, 2nd edition, 2011.), vol. 1 p. 23, 25. [S18] Matthew H.C.G., editor, Dictionary of National Biography on CD-ROM (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1995). Hereinafter cited as Dictionary of National Biography. [S22] #374 The Lineage and Ancestry of H. R. H.

Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (1977), Paget, Gerald, (2 volumes. Baltimore: Geneal. Pub., 1977), FHL book Q 942 D22pg., vol. 1 p. 15, 17. [S23] #849 Burke's Guide to the Royal Family (1973), (London: Burke's Peerage, c1973), FHl book 942 D22bgr., p. 195. [S32] #150 [1879-1967] A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage, Together with Memoirs of the Privy Councillors and Knights (1879-1967), Burke, Sir John Bernard, (London: Harrison, 1879-1967), FHL book 942 D22bup., 1949 ed. preface p. ccliii.

[S37] #93 [Book version] The Dictionary of National Biography: from the Earliest Times to 1900 (1885-1900, reprint 1993), Stephen, Leslie, (22 volumes. 1885-1900. Reprint, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), FHL book 920.042 D561n., vol. 29 p. 402-416. [S39] Medieval, royalty, nobility family group sheets (filmed 1996), Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Family History Department. Medieval Family History Unit, (Manuscript. Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1996), FHL film 1553977-1553985.. [S40] Handbook of British Chronology (1986), Fryde, E. B., editor, (Royal Historical Society guides and handbooks, no. 2.

London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1986), FHL book 942 C4rg no. 2., p. 37. [S54] #21 The complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, Cokayne, George Edward, (Gloucester [England] : Alan Sutton Pub. Ltd., 1987), 942 D22cok., vol. 3 p. 29, 430. [S69] #2251 The Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984), Given-Wilson, Chris and Alice Curteis, (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984), FHL book 942 D5g., p. 127. [S70] The Henry Project, Baldwin, Stewart, ( ), . [S71] Domesday Descendants, Keats-Rohan, K.S.B., (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2002), 942 D3kk., p. 231.

[S81] #125 The Royal Daughters of England and Their Representatives (1910-1911), Lane, Henry Murray, (2 voulmes. London: Constable and Co., 1910-1911), FHL microfilm 88,003., p. 58, 158. [S84] Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Richardson, Douglas, (Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1001 N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. 21202, copyright 2004), p. xxviii. [S96] Henry II (1973), Warren, Wilfred Lewis, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), JWML book DA206 W37 1973., p. 137.

[S266] #379 [7th edition, 1992] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Who Came to America Before 1700 (7th edition, 1992), Weis, Frederick Lewis, (7th edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, c1992), FHL book 974 D2w 1992., p. 106 line 117:27, p. 134 line 153:28. [S338] Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families (2004), Richardson, Douglas, edited by Kamball G. Everingham, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2004), FHL book 942 D5rd., p. xxviii.

[S347] Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-century Colonists: the Descent from the Later Plantagenet Kings of England, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, and Edward III, of Emigrants from England and Wales to the North American Colonies Before 1701 (2nd ed., 1999), Faris, David, (2nd edition. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1999), FHL book 973 D2fp., p. 279 PLANTAGENET:16. John Lackland, King of England's Timeline 1166

Question: What was the name of the queen of King John 1199- 1216?
Answer: ISABEL