Moscovium / Ununpentium Heavy elements 113 and 115 have been made by combining calcium-48 and amercium-243. Image: LLNL Discovery of Moscovium / Ununpentium Dr. Doug Stewart Research scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), California first made element 115, moscovium, in Dubna, Russia in 2003. The work was a collaboration between science teams led by Yuri Oganessian and Ken Moody. The discovery was formally accepted on December 30, 2015 by The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), and a new superheavy element took its place in the seventh row of the periodic table. The reaction was a fusion of element 20 with element 95: calcium-48 with americium-243 . The experiment began on July 14, 2003 and ended on August 10, 2003.

Calcium ions were formed into a beam in a cyclotron (a particle accelerator) and fired at a target layer of americium deposited on titanium foil. Four atoms of element 115 (moscovium) were produced, which alpha decayed producing element 113, ( nihonium ). (1) The researchers stated that one atom of moscovium-287 was made, and three atoms of moscovium-288 were made. Further experiments and analysis later confirmed this result. The element is named after Moscow in recognition of the contribution The JLNR played in the discovery of the element. Moscovium is expected to officially replace its temporary name, ununpentuim, later this year. As a result of its position in the periodic table moscovium / ununpentium is expected to be classed as one of the “other metals” and to have similar properties to the metal bismuth . IUPAC reviewed the evidence for the discovery of moscovium and in 2016 they said, ‘The 2010 jointly with the 2013 collaborations of Oganessian et al.

have met the Criteria for discovery of the element with atomic number Z=115 in as much as the reproducibility of alpha chain energies and lifetimes of 289115 in a cross reaction comparison is very convincing.’ IUPAC has accepted the discoveries of element 113 (nihonium/ununtrium), element 114 (flerovium/ununquadium), element 115 (moscovium/ununpentium), element 116 (livermorium/ununhexium), element 117 (tennessine/ununseptium) and element 118 (oganesson/ununoctium), thus completing the seventh row of the periodic table. Appearance and Characteristics Moscovium / Ununpentium is harmful due to its radioactivity. Characteristics: Moscovium / Ununpentium is a synthetic radioactive metal and has only been produced in minute amounts. Uses of Moscovium Moscovium / Ununpentium is of research interest only.

Abundance and Isotopes Abundance earth’s crust: nil Abundance solar system: parts per trillion by weight, parts per trillion by moles Cost, pure: $ per 100g Cost, bulk: $ per 100g Source: Moscovium / Ununpentium can be produced by bombarding 243Am with 48Ca ions in a heavy ion accelerator. Isotopes: Moscovium / Ununpentium has 4 isotopes, with mass numbers from 287 to 290. None are stable. References ELEMENT: 115 - Ununpentium (Temporary) Ununpentium (Temporary) By James Glanz/The New York Times Uut and Uup Add Their Atomic Mass to Periodic Table A team of Russian and American scientists are reporting today that they have created two new chemical elements, called superheavies because of their enormous atomic mass. The discoveries fill a gap at the furthest edge of the periodic table and hint strongly at a weird landscape of undiscovered elements beyond.

The team, made up of scientists from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, is disclosing its findings in a paper being published today in Physical Review C, a leading physics journal. The paper was reviewed by scientific peers outside the research group before publication. "Two new elements have been produced," said Dr. Walt Loveland, a nuclear chemist at Oregon State University who is familiar with the research. "It's just incredibly exciting. It seems to open up the possibility of synthesizing more elements beyond this." The periodic table is the oddly shaped checkerboard -- with an H for hydrogen, the lightest element, in the upper-left-hand corner -- that hangs in chemistry classrooms the world over. Each element has a different number of protons, particles with a positive electrical charge, in the dense central kernel called the nucleus. The number of protons, beginning with one for hydrogen, fixes an element's place in the periodic table and does much to determine an element's chemical properties: ductile and metallic at room temperature for gold (No. 79), gaseous and largely inert for neon (10), liquid and toxic for mercury (80). Elements as heavy as uranium, No.

92 on the list, are found in nature, and others have been created artificially. But much heavier elements have been difficult to make, partly because they became increasingly unstable and short-lived. Still, for roughly half a century, nuclear scientists have been searching for an elusive "island of stability," somewhere among the superheavies, in which long-lived elements with new chemical properties might exist. Dr. Loveland said that the new results indicated that scientists might be closing in on that island. "We're sort of in the shoals of the island of stability," said Dr. Kenton J. Moody, a Livermore nuclear physicist who was one of the experimenters in the work. "It's an amazing effect," he added. "We're really just chipping away at the edges of it." The experiments took place at a cyclotron, a circular particle accelerator, in Dubna, where the scientists fired a rare isotope of calcium at americium, an element used in applications as varied as nuclear weapons research and household smoke detectors. Four times during a month of 24-hour-a-day bombardment in July and August, scientists on the experiment said, a calcium nucleus fused with an americium nucleus and created a new element.

Each calcium nucleus contains 20 protons and americium 95. Since the number of protons determines where an element goes in the periodic table, simple addition shows the new element to bear the atomic number 115, which had never been seen before. Within a fraction of a second, the four atoms of Element 115 decayed radioactively to an element with 113 protons. That element had never been seen, either. The atoms of 113 lasted for as long as 1.2 seconds before decaying radioactively to known elements. Scientists generally do not give permanent names to elements and write them into textbooks until the discoveries have been confirmed by another laboratory. By an international convention based on the numbers, element 113 will be given the temporary name Ununtrium (abbreviated Uut for the periodic table) and element 115 will be designated Ununpentium (Uup). Dr. Loveland said he agreed that the new elements would require independent confirmation before they could receive final acceptance.

And he conceded that the Dubna find was likely to receive more than the usual amount of scrutiny: two years ago, the reported discovery of Element 118 was retracted after a scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was found to have fabricated evidence. The only other truly simultaneous discovery of two elements in recent times came in 1952, when einsteinium (99) and fermium (100) were discovered in the fallout from the hydrogen bomb explosion at Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. The most recent successful discovery of an element -- one that has received a name -- came in 1994. That element, No. 110, is called Darmstadtium for the city in Germany where it was discovered. But as scientists wait for confirmation on elements 115 and 113, the data presented by the Dubna and Livermore groups appear solid, said Dr. Sigurd Hofmann, a nuclear physicist at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, the laboratory where Darmstadtium was found. "These Dubna data look quite convincing," Dr. Hofmann said. "And I'm sure with some more experiments, it will finally be accepted." Dr.

Joshua B. Patin, a 28-year-old nuclear chemist who is the lead American author on the paper, said he had found it deeply moving to add two more entries to a scientific icon that dates to the 1860's. That was when the Russian chemist Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev noted clear patterns in the chemical properties of the known elements and arranged them into the periodic table, leaving gaps for other elements that he correctly predicted would someday turn up. "This is a working piece of art," Dr. Patin said. "We're not done yet. Nothing's been finished. What it could really mean down the road, nobody can tell. And that's the part that's exciting to me." The lead authorship on the work went to Dr. Yuri Oganessian, scientific director of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, whose theoretical research in the 1970's revealed the path that eventually led to the most recent discoveries. The experimental group that Dr.

Oganessian leads is especially skilled at using extremely small amounts of the rare calcium isotope in the bombardment and at filtering out signals from just a handful of new atoms among the debris spewing from the collisions. "These elemental discoveries underscore both the value of federally supported basic research and the benefit of unfettered international scientific collaboration," said Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham, whose agency helped finance the work. In a written response to questions, Dr. Oganessian said the results "favor the conclusion about the formation of a new element and refute any other interpretation." He added that confirmation of the work was necessary, but that everything had been done to ensure that the analysis was correct. "In order to exclude the human factor," Dr. Oganessian said, "the analysis of the data is carried out in parallel and independently by the two groups in Dubna and in Livermore." Physicists long ago discovered that atomic nuclei have what came to be known as "magic numbers." Nuclei that contain just those numbers of protons and their electrically neutral cousins, neutrons, are especially stable. The numbers 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 are magic for both protons and neutrons.

Theoretically, those numbers come about because nuclei have a shell-like structure, said Dr. Witold Nazarewicz, a nuclear theorist at the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Each shell can hold particular numbers of protons and neutrons, and a nucleus is most stable when its shells are precisely filled up, leading to the magic numbers. The highest known magic number for neutrons is 126, meaning that common lead, with 82 protons and 126 neutrons in its nucleus is the heaviest known "doubly magic," or extremely stable, isotope in the periodic table. "The question is, what is the next doubly magic nucleus beyond lead?" Dr. Nazarewicz said. Those numbers should help map out what Dr. Nazarewicz prefers to call generically a "region of stability" among the superheavies. (Because, he says, it could resemble a peninsula more than an island.) Various theories have suggested that the next magic proton number is 114, 120 or 126, he said. There is general agreement that the next magic neutron number is 184, he said.

The new experiments by the Livermore and Dubna scientists created forms of element 115, for example, with at most 173 neutrons, suggesting that they are still short of what could be a land of strange new forms of matter. Rather than being round, nuclei in that region and beyond could contain bubbles and have strange doughnut-like shapes, Dr. Nazarewicz said. They could also have unpredictable chemical properties. The new work should shed light on whether theories of those undiscovered bits of matter are correct or not, he said. "Those discoveries tell us a great deal about the underlying nuclear structure," Dr. Nazarewicz said. "About how the very heaviest systems are built -- how they tick." Dr. Darleane C. Hoffman, a nuclear chemist at the University of California, Berkeley, also cautioned that the new findings would have to be checked out by other laboratories. But she said the value of the work was unquestioned. "Scientifically, just for the pure science of it, wouldn't you like to know just how many chemical elements there are?" Dr. Hoffman said.

"And until you actually have a measurement that you believe and you can confirm, you don't have any idea whether the various models the theorists propose have any meaning at all." Meet 115, the Newest Element on the Periodic Table Meet 115, the Newest Element on the Periodic Table The extremely heavy element was just confirmed by scientists in Sweden. View Images Periodic Table of Elements Peridoic Table Courtesy of Tomacco/Getty Images If you've learned all the elements from actinium to zirconium, it's time to head back to the periodic table, where there's a new, extremely heavy element in town. Related Content A Sprinkle of Seaweed Could Deflate Gassy Cows The new element doesn't have an official name yet, so scientists are calling it ununpentium, based on the Latin and Greek words for its atomic number, 115. (Related: Read a feature on element hunters in National Geographic magazine.) In case you forgot your high school chemistry, here's a quick refresher: An element's atomic number is the number of protons it contains in its nucleus. The heaviest element in nature is uranium, which has 92 protons.

But heavier elements-which have more protons in their nucleus-can be created through nuclear fusion. (Related: Learn how to make an element .) The man-made 115 was first created by Russian scientists in Dubna about ten years ago. This week, chemists at Lund University in Sweden announced that they had replicated the Russian study at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Germany. (See pictures of the labs where new elements are created .) Element 115 will join its neighbors 114 and 116-flerovium and livermorium, respectively-on the periodic table just as soon as a committee from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) decides on an official name for 115. We asked Paul Hooker , a chemistry professor at Westminster College in Salt Lake City, Utah, for his take on the latest addition to the periodic table. So it sounds like 115 was actually created ten years ago, by a lab in Russia. Why are we just learning about its discovery? When you find a new element, it has to be confirmed.

You need two different labs to confirm it before [IUPAC] considers adding it to the periodic table. This is the second lab coming in and repeating the same experiment, so now it's considered to be an official new element. So what did the Russian and Swedish chemists actually do? The way that you make new elements now is by shooting a beam of an element at another element and then seeing what happens when they collide. In this case, the researchers used americium, which is kind of interesting because it's an unstable, radioactive element. They fired calcium atoms-which are much lighter than americium atoms-at the americium for weeks or even months. Most of the calcium atoms bounced off, but every now and then the atoms collided and instead of the calcium element bouncing off, it actually stuck to the americium element. When that happens, you get a short-lived atom with more protons in its nucleus, which is the center of the new element 115. How did they know they created a new element if it happened so quickly? I think I read that it existed for less than a second before it decayed. They look for the decay products.

They look for telltale signs for when 115 disintegrates, by what's called alpha particle emission. When they see enough of those signals, they can say they probably formed a new element. How do they know if a new element will be unstable or not? There was an element 118 that was predicted to be much more stable; 115 wasn't predicted to be especially stable. We know what is stable. Certain ratios of protons to neutrons are stable. As the nucleus gets bigger and bigger, it's not stable-and then it can radioactively decay and spit out smaller particles-that means it's really not very stable. Can anyone try to create a new element? No. You need a large vacuum chamber because you can't fire calcium atoms through the air. You need a lot of specialized equipment. There aren't many labs that can do this type of thing. The only people interested in doing this are trying to answer some of the bigger questions, like "How is all matter held together?" Where are most new elements created? Most of these new elements have been formed in Russia and the States for the past 30 to 40 years.

It's become a race for who can get the next new element, to try to make the biggest one you actually can. But of course, because they're so big, they're very unstable and fall apart extremely quickly. If they fall apart extremely quickly-and clearly don't exist in nature-then what's the point? I talk about this a lot with my students. I basically tell them, "Because it's there." There's no way that a new, unstable element is going to have any uses because it deteriorates so quickly. But it gives insight about the forces that hold atoms together so we can learn more about how the universe is held together. Why are people really doing this? Why do we send particles through huge colliders? Why are we smashing things into each other at higher and higher velocities? I think it fulfills the human race's natural curiosity. We want to know where we come from. And every time we answer something, we come up with ten more questions to answer. This was a man-made element. How do we know we've found all of the naturally occurring elements? The good thing with elements is that they're defined by atomic numbers, meaning they're defined by the number of protons in the nucleus.

This number is never a fraction, so you can't have, say, 3.2 protons in a nucleus. So we know we have them all because we know of an element with one proton and an element with two protons and so on. Is there a limit to how many elements we can create? Well, we're hitting a limit with stability when there are over 90 protons in a nucleus, so while we may find more, we're certainly not getting up to 1,000 protons. It would be too unstable. One last question: I actually have a periodic table shower curtain. Do you recommend getting an updated one? I recommend updating your shower curtain when 115 is confirmed. When the committee gets together and names it. And that's an entirely different question. So I guess I should ask: Why does a committee do it? Because these things get quite political. Back in the day, the Americans would say: We discovered it and named it something. The Russians would say: We did, and named it something else. So a committee has to get together and negotiate. They try to keep it apolitical-maybe they'll name it after someone from Italy or Lithuania or something.

Comment on This Story Ununpentium»the essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Element News Ununpentium: the essentials On 10 September 2013 a paper published in Phys. Rev. Lett by D. Rudolph and others outlines additional evidence for the claims that fusion-evaporation reactions between 48Ca and 243Am ions lead to the 288Uup (288115) and 287Uup (287115). A total of thirty correlated α-decay chains were observed following the reactions. Experiments resulting in the formation of element 115 were reported in February 2004 following experiments carried out between 14 July - 10 August 2003 involving scientists at Dubna (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at the U400 cyclotron with the Dubna gas-filled recoil separator, DGFRS) in Russia in a collaboration also involving scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA. Only four nuclei were identified and the claim has not yet been ratified, but the results are now published in a reputable peer-reviewed journal.

CAS Registry ID : 54085-64-2 Ununpentium: historical information Ununpentium was discovered by (not yet confirmed) in 2003 (not yet confirmed) at (not yet confirmed). Origin of name : temporary systematic IUPAC nomenclature. On 10 September 2013 a paper published in Phys. Rev. Lett by D. Rudolph and others outlines additional evidence for the claims that fusion-evaporation reactions between 48Ca and 243Am ions lead to the 288Uup (288115) and 287Uup (287115). A total of thirty correlated α-decay chains were observed following the reactions. Experimental results reported in 2004 involving the bomabardment of americium-243 with calcium-48 ions are consistent with the formation in the laboratory of a few atoms of elements 113 and 115. In experiments conducted at the JINR U400 cyclotron with the Dubna gas-filled separator between July 14 and Aug.

10, 2003, atomic decay patterns were observed said to confirm the existence of element 115 and element 113. In these decay chains, element 113 is produced via the α-decay of element 115. The results are published in the 1 February 2004 issue of Physical Review C: "Experiments on the synthesis of element 115 in the reaction 243Am(48Ca,xn)291x115", Yu. Ts. Oganessian, V. K. Utyonkoy, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, A. A. Voinov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, V. I.

Zagrebaev, M. G. Itkis, J. B. Patin, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, D. A. Shaughnessy, J. M. Kenneally, and R. W. Lougheed, Phys. Rev. C, 2004, 69, 021601(R). Ununpentium around us As only a very few atoms of element 115 have ever been made, it has no biological role. Element 115 (ununpentium, Uup) does not occur at all in the geosphere. Abundances for ununpentium in a number of different environments. More abundance data » Location Second ionisation energy : (no data) kJ mol‑1 Isolation Isolation : currently, the identification of element 115 is yet to be confirmed by IUPAC, but the experiments leading to element 115 are now published in a prestigious peer reviewed journal.

As only about four atoms of element 115 have ever been made (through nuclear reactions involving fusing calcium nuclei with americium nuclei) isolation of an observable quantity has never been achieved, and may well never be. 24395Am + 4820Ca → 287115Uup + 4 1n 24395Am + 4820Ca → 288115Uup + 3 1n In these first experiments, three nuclei of the 288Uup isotope were made and one of the 287Uup isotope. All the nuclei formed decayed in less than a second by emitting α-particles. These decays resulted in isotopes of element 113 (mass number 283 or 284, containing 113 protons and either 170 or 171 neutrons). These isotopes of element 113 are also radioactive and underwent further α-decay processes to isotopes of element 111 and so on down to at least element 105 (dubnium).

287115Uup → 283113Uut + 42He (46.6 milliseconds) 288115Uup → 284113Uut + 42He (80.3 milliseconds) 288115Uup → 284113Uut + 42He (18.6 milliseconds) 288115Uup → 284113Uut + 42He (280 milliseconds) Ununpentium isotopes Moscovium - RationalWiki Moscovium Moscovium, element 115, [1] (historic names: ununpentium, Elerium-115 ) is a heavy radioactive element that doesn't exist in nature, although it has been artificially synthesized with about 50 atoms produced or suspected to have been produced since around 2003. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. On 28 November 2016, it was officially named.

[2] Contents [ edit ] Properties Because moscovium is a very heavy and unstable element, it's very unlikely to ever exist in sufficient quantities and with sufficient stability to participate in chemical reactions. However, it's possible to predict its properties based on the other trends shown in the periodic table. It is part of Group 15 of the periodic table, primarily known for containing nitrogen and phosphorus. However, it's most likely to have properties resembling bismuth, as relativistic effects alter the relative energies of electrons in very heavy elements. Hence, while nitrogen, phosphorus and arsenic exhibit a range of oxidation states up to V (5 lost electrons), it's likely that moscovium will only go up to oxidation state III. While oxidation state I is rare in the elements between nitrogen and bismuth, moscovium is predicted to have a relatively stable I oxidation state. Upon ionization to this +1 charge, the radius of moscovium would be expected to shrink around five times more than with the analogous ionization of bismuth and it is expected to have properties closer to thallium(I) than the known but rare bismuth(I).

[3] [ edit ] In ufology All of this would excite only physics and chemistry geeks if not for Bob Lazar , who introduced it to UFO lore . According to him, Element 115 is used in UFO engines to generate anti-gravity. Various UFO nuts and wannabe scientists have taken the idea and run with it. [4] This would provide an interesting way of verifying the UFO stories told by Lazar. Should element 115 be synthesised and shown to be capable of powering anti-gravity engines, Lazar would be proved correct. Obviously, given that Lazar runs a website dealing in chemicals and sales of elements, he was smart enough to pick a number higher than any element discovered at the height of his fame in order to hide it from any scrutiny; no use saying carbon or phosphorus has magical powers, as we have more than enough of that to test it.

Lazar's claims state that bismuth has "unusual gravitational properties" (this is a lie, though it may be a misinterpretation of the relativistic effects that control the chemical properties of heavier elements) and known characteristics of Element 115 are expected to be similar (not that this matters, as the longest reported half-life of the element is 200 milliseconds). The claims further state that the element was pressed into discs, then stacked and fused into a cylinder, then milled down to form a cone, and finally sliced to form the key piece of anti-gravity fuel. Again, this is physically impossible given that the element doesn't exist in nature and has been confirmed to be as highly unstable as all the other artificially generated elements in that region of the periodic table. A few proponents of the claim still rave that there may be a magic "island of stability" (a particular combination of protons and neutrons) that would render this element stable, but no signs of such a region of the periodic table have yet been seen.

Some of the elements heavier than uranium possess relatively stable isotopes (on the order of thousands of years) but by the time you get to 100, fermium, even the most stable isotopes last on the order of days and it only goes rapidly down from there. Still, the island of stability is a theoretical entity that is good, real, physics; but even this wouldn't help the claims made about element 115, as expected half-lives in this island are on the order of minutes and seconds, which is indeed relatively stable in a region of the periodic table where the atoms last for milliseconds or less. If element 115 was synthesised, specifically its predicted stable isotope, more conclusively and shown to have an incredibly short half-life and radioactively unstable (which is pretty much conclusive right now) it would show that powering any device through the use of this element would be impossible, and certainly the 500 pounds that he claimed the US government had in their possession would also be an impossible claim. Literally.

As that would consist of around 4.72 × 1023 atoms, and with only 50 atoms ever made from all the collision experiments made on this subject in a decade, this would take some time for the government to procure — many times the age of the universe, or so. Facts About Moscovium (Element 115) Facts About Moscovium (Element 115) By Tim Sharp, Reference Editor | December 1, 2016 09:17pm ET MORE Moscovium Credit: AlexLMX | Shutterstock Moscovium is a radioactive, synthetic element about which little is known. It is classified as a metal and is expected to be solid at room temperature. It decays quickly into other elements, including nihonium. The element had previously been designated ununpentium, a placeholder name that means one-one-five in Latin. In November 2016, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) approved the name moscovium for element 115.

The IUPAC also approved names for elements 113 ( nihonium , with atomic symbol Nh), 117 ( tennessine , Ts) and 118 ( oganesson , Og). Names for elements 115 and 117 were proposed by their discoverers at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia; the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee; Vanderbilt University in Tennessee; and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. Both element names, moscovium and tennessine, honor regions where experiments linked to creating the elements took place. Just the facts Boiling Point: Unknown Discovery Moscovium was discovered in 2003 and officially announced on Feb. 2, 2004. It was created and announced by scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States. Properties Moscovium has four isotopes with known half-lives, the most stable of which is 289Mc, with a half-live of about 220 milliseconds. The atomic weight for manmade transuranium elements is based on the longest-lived isotope.

These atomic weights should be considered provisional since a new isotope with a longer half-life could be produced in the future. [See Periodic Table of the Elements ] Sources of moscovium To make moscovium, the scientists in Russia and the United States bombarded atoms of americium with ions of calcium in a cyclotron. This produced four atoms of moscovium. Uses of moscovium Only a few atoms of moscovium have ever been made, and they are only used in scientific study. It is used to make nihonium. Additional resources moscovium | Definition & Facts | Britannica.com Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context.

(Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: December 12, 2016 URL: Access Date: January 19, 2017 Share ELEMENT 115 Bob Lazar stated that the “Sport Model” Flying Disc amplified the “Strong Nuclear Force” of Element 115 (UnUnPentium or UUP) to generate the gravity field for “Space-Time Compression.” Bob also stated that the U.S. Government had 500 pounds of Element 115 in their possession. The raw Element 115 was given to the U.S. Goverment at S4 by the Reticulan EBEs in the form of discs.

The scientists at S4 sent the Element 115 discs through Groom Lake to Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, to be milled for use in the Anti-Matter Reactor . The Los Alamos personnel were told it was a new form of armor. They simply followed orders, milled it in accordance with the following steps, and sent it back to Groom Lake. It was during this process that some of the Element 115 turned up missing. As you’ll see below, the machining process to form the Element 115 wedge produces a tremendous amount of waste. Bob Lazar stated that the Element 115 used as the fuel and gravity source in the “Sport Model” Flying Disc was stable . On February 2, 2004, scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in collaboration with researchers from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia (JINR), announced that they discovered two new super-heavy elements, Element 113 and Element 115 .

The Isotope of Element 115, produced by bombarding an Americium-243 (95Am243) nucleus with a Calcium-48 (20Ca48) nucleus, rapidly decayed to Element 113. then continued to decay until a meta-stable isotope was obtained. The following hypothetical reaction displays the maximum theoretical atomic mass of an Element 115 Isotope that could be produced from combining an Americium-243 nucleus with a Calcium-48 nucleus. The following reaction assumes no neutrons were liberated during the process of the reaction: 95Am243 + 20Ca48 → 115UUP291 → 113UUT287 + 2He4 → ... The following reactions are the actual reactions that took place in the laboratory by bombarding Americium-243 with Calcium-48, which resulted in the two Isotopes of Element 115, indicated below, being identified.

95Am243 + 20Ca48 → 115UUP288 + 30n1 115UUP288 → 113UUT284 + 2He4 → ... 95Am243 + 20Ca48 → 115UUP287 + 40n1 115UUP287 → 113UUT283 + 2He4 → ... References: Element 115, UnUnPentium, UUP The maximum theoretical atomic mass isotope of Element 115 that could be produced in the reaction, above, 115UUP291, would only have 176 neutrons in its nucleus. This isotope of Element 115 is shy 8 neutrons from containing the magic number of 184 neutrons.

The two actual isotopes of Element 115 produced by this reaction, 115UUP288 and 115UUP287 contain 173 neutrons, shy 11 neutrons from the magic number of 184, and 172 neutrons, shy 12 neutrons from the magic number of 184, respectively. This latest scientific breakthrough, however, provides significant credibility to Bob Lazar’s claims rather than discrediting his claims. Bob Lazar’s Element 115 discs used to make the wedge for the “Sport Model” Flying Disc Anti-Matter Reactor would have to have been the isotope of Element 115 containing the magic number of 184 neutrons, therefore, having an atomic mass of 299. The nuclear configuration of this isotope of Element 115 would be identical to the nuclear configuration of the only known stable isotope of Element 83, Bismuth, 83Bi209, containing the magic number of 126 neutrons, except that the Element 115 isotope would have one more energy level completely filled with protons and neutrons.

82 protons and 114 protons are magic numbers for protons because 82 protons completely fill 6 proton energy levels and 114 protons completely fill 7 proton energy levels. The 83rd proton for Bismuth is a lone proton in the 7th proton energy level and the 115th proton for Element 115 is the lone proton in the 8th proton energy level. 126 neutrons completely fill 7 neutron energy levels and 184 neutrons completely fill 8 neutron energy levels. Refer to the Nucleon Energy Level Table for Bismuth and Element 115 , below, for the nuclear configurations of Bismuth and Element 115. This stable isotope of Bismuth, Element 83, has very unique gravitational characteristics. Refer to the Henry William Wallace Patent: U.S.

Patent 3,626,605 , “Method and Apparatus for Generating a Secondary Gravitational Force Field.” Element 115 Wedge NOTE: Producing the theoretically stable super-heavy elements is very difficult because the reactant nuclei of these nuclear reactions do not have enough neutrons to result in a product nucleus with enough neutrons to obtain theoretical stability.

Question: What is the atomic number of the element ununpentium?
Answer: 115