Dates: July 1-3, 1863 Generals: Union General: George G. Meade | Confederate General: Robert E. Lee Cemetery Ridge Summary: The Union Army took a primary defensive position on Cemetery Ridge, forming the center of the "fishhook" line, with the line of troops curving to the north and east around Cemetery Hill and Culp’s Hill . The ridge itself is only 40 feet above the surrounding terrain but almost two miles long, rising to the north roughly 80 feet above the surroundings to form Cemetery Hill and descending on the south end into low, wooded, somewhat marshy ground just north of Little Round Top . The Confederate Army launched multiple attacks on Cemetery Ridge on Day Two and Day Three of the Battle Of Gettysburg but were forced to fall back on each occasion. Cemetery Ridge Articles From History Net Magazines Cemetery Ridge | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit The ridge rises only about 40 feet (12 m) above the surrounding terrain and is under 2 miles (3.2 km) long. The northern end rises to become Cemetery Hill , the southern descends to low, wooded, and sometimes marshy ground just north of Little Round Top .

At the northern end of Cemetery Ridge is a copse of trees and a low stone wall that makes two 90-degree turns; the latter has been nicknamed The Angle and the High Water Mark of the Confederacy . This area, and the nearby Codori Farm on Emmitsburg Road, were prominent features in the progress of Pickett's Charge during the third day of battle, as well as Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson 's division assault on the second. [1] American Civil War Edit On the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg , Cemetery Ridge was unoccupied for much of the day until the Union army retreated from its positions north of town, when the divisions of Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson and Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday from the I Corps were placed on the northern end of the ridge, protecting the left flank of the XI Corps on Cemetery Hill . After the XII Corps arrived, Maj. Gen. John W. Geary 's Second Division was sent to the southern end of the ridge near Little Round Top ; Brig. Gen. John Buford 's cavalry division formed a skirmish line in the fields between Cemetery Ridge and Seminary Ridge .

The III Corps arrived about 8 p.m. and replaced Geary's division (which was sent to Culp's Hill); the II Corps arrived about 10:30 p.m. and camped immediately behind the III Corps. [2] During the morning of the battle's 2nd day (July 2) , Army of the Potomac commander Maj. Gen. George G. Meade shifted units to receive an expected Confederate attack on his positions. The II Corps was placed in the center of Cemetery Ridge, with Brig. Gen. Alexander Hays 's division on the corps' right, John Gibbon 's division in the center around the Angle, and John C. Caldwell 's division on the left, adjacent to the III Corps; Robinson's division of the I Corps was placed in reserve behind the XI Corps. The V Corps was formed in reserve behind the II Corps. [3] In the late afternoon, the end of the Confederate Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws 's assault drove portions of Maj. Gen. Daniel Sickles 's III Corps line back to the southern end of Cemetery Ridge, and Brig. Gen.

Ambrose Wright 's Confederate brigade temporarily captured the southern end of the Angle before being driven back to Seminary Ridge by the Philadelphia Brigade . [4] The Confederate artillery bombardment preceding Pickett's Charge on July 3 battered Cemetery Ridge, and Union artillery on the ridge counterfired to Seminary Ridge . Thirty-four Union cannons were disabled, but the three Confederate divisions of the subsequent infantry assault ( Pickett's of the First Corps and Pettigrew's and Trimble's of the Third Corps ), attacked the Union II Corps at the "stone fence" at the Angle. [5] Heavy rifle and artillery fire prevented all but about 250 Confederates led by Lewis Armistead from penetrating the Union line to the high water mark of the Confederacy . Armistead was mortally wounded. Two brigades of Anderson's Division, assigned to protect Pickett's right flank during the charge, reached a more southern portion of the Union line at Cemetery Ridge soon after the repulse of Pickett's Division, but were driven back with 40% casualties by the 2nd Vermont Brigade .

[6] Postbellum history Edit The Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association purchased rights-of-way for an avenue and monuments along the ridge, and the 1884 Round Top Branch steam railroad was built across the southern end of Cemetery Ridge. The 1893 Gettysburg Electric Railway was built across the north end of the ridge, and several Gettysburg Battlefield camps after the American Civil War used the ridge's west slope at the Angle (e.g., for Eisenhower's 1918 Camp Colt and during the 1938 Gettysburg reunion ). The 1962 Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg with observation deck replaced the 1896 observation tower at the ridge's Zeigler's Woods , but was closed in 2008.[ citation needed ] See also ↑ Martin, p. 546, 551; Pfanz, p. 39. ↑ Pfanz, p. 63, 68, 72. ↑ Imhof, pp. 40, 162, 200, 217. ↑ Haskell, p.

83 Battlefield Rehabilitation Continues on Cemetery Ridge - Gettysburg National Military Park (U.S. National Park Service) Battlefield Rehabilitation Continues on Cemetery Ridge Contact: Cindy Small , (717) 339-2109 Preparations are now underway for C.E. Williams, a contractor for the nonprofit Gettysburg Foundation, to remove the old Visitor Center parking lot on North Cemetery Ridge in Gettysburg National Military Park. Once the asphalt has been removed, the contractor will regrade the area to its historic profile in 1863, and plant meadow grasses. Historic fencing on the site will be built during the Gettysburg Foundation's "Friends of Gettysburg" annual volunteer day in June. Since 2009 Gettysburg NMP and the Gettysburg Foundation have been returning key portions of the center of the Union battle line on North Cemetery Ridge to their appearance at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg, 1863.

Completed phases include the demolition of the old visitor center in 2009; planting 41 apple trees to reestablish the Frey orchard (North) in 2010; and demolition of the Cyclorama building in 2013. "These rehabilitation projects allow us to place more and more puzzle pieces together on the battlefield. They improve integrity of the battlefield landscapes and improve our visitors' understating of what happened at Gettysburg and why it's so important," said Zach Bolitho Acting Superintendent, Gettysburg NMP. Through the generosity of donors, the Gettysburg Foundation is funding this phase of the project bycovering the cost of general contracting, construction management and design costs which total approximately $400,000. The Foundation also funded the cost of last year's demolition of the Cyclorama building which was $750,000. Joanne M.

Hanley, Gettysburg Foundation President, states, "The Cemetery Hill and Cemetery Ridge areas are central in Gettysburg National Military Park's and the Gettysburg Foundation's efforts to educate millions of visitors about the battle of Gettysburg, the causes and consequences of the American Civil War, and the lasting significance of this critical time in our nation's history. Preservation of this site will forever enhance the interpretive value of this critical portion of the Gettysburg battlefield." The current phase of the project will begin in February and take approximately two to three months for completion depending on the weather. The National Cemetery South parking lot, which used to be known as the Cyclorama parking lot will be retained for visitor use. Some modifications to this lot are planned in a future phase of this project. Additional future phases of the rehabilitation of Cemetery Ridge include reconstructing a commemorative era pathway and moving five monuments to their historic locations. These features were altered during the construction of the Cyclorama building in the early 1960s.

Gettysburg National Military Park is a unit of the National Park System that preserves and protects the resources associated with the Battle of Gettysburg and the Soldiers' National Cemetery, and provides an understanding of the events that occurred there within the context of American History. Information is available at The Gettysburg Foundation is a private, non-profit educational organization working in partnership with the National Park Service to enhance preservation and understanding of the heritage and lasting significance of Gettysburg. The Foundation raised funds for and now operates the Museum and Visitor Center at Gettysburg National Military Park, which opened in April 2008. In addition to operating the Museum and Visitor Center, the Foundation has a broad preservation mission that includes land, monument and artifact preservation and battlefield rehabilitation—all in support of the National Park Service's goals at Gettysburg.

Information is available at Cemetery Ridge - 必应 Cemetery Ridge 墓园山脊是一个地理特征在葛底斯堡国家军事公园，城南宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡，突出在葛底斯堡战役，7月1日至1863年7月3日。 它形成了一个联盟军的主要防御阵地战斗中，处于中心的人们所知道的"鱼钩"行。 南方军发起攻击联盟在第二和第三天的战役上的立场，但被赶回来两次。 Cemetery Ridge is a geographic feature in Gettysburg National Military Park, south of the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, that figured prominently in the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1 to July 3, 1863. It formed a primary defensive position for the Union Army during the battle, roughly the center of what is popularly known as the "fish-hook" line. The Confederate army launched attacks on the Union positions on the second and third days of the battle, but were driven back both times.

Cemetery Ridge Description The ridge rises only about 40 feet (12 m) above the surrounding terrain and is under 2 miles (3.2 km) long. The northern end rises to become Cemetery Hill, the southern descends to low, wooded, and sometimes marshy ground just north of Little Round Top. At the northern end of Cemetery Ridge is a copse of trees and a low stone wall that makes two 90-degree turns; the latter has been nicknamed The Angle and the High Water Mark of the Confederacy. This area, and the nearby Codori Farm on Emmitsburg Road, were prominent features in the progress of Pickett's Charge during the third day of battle, as well as Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson's division assault on the second. Cemetery Ridge American Civil War On the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, Cemetery Ridge was unoccupied for much of the day until the Union army retreated from its positions north of town, when the divisions of Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson and Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday from the I Corps were placed on the northern end of the ridge, protecting the left flank of the XI Corps on Cemetery Hill.

After the XII Corps arrived, Maj. Gen. John W. Geary's Second Division was sent to the southern end of the ridge near Little Round Top; Brig. Gen. John Buford's cavalry division formed a skirmish line in the fields between Cemetery Ridge and Seminary Ridge. The III Corps arrived about 8 p.m. and replaced Geary's division (which was sent to Culp's Hill); the II Corps arrived about 10:30 p.m. and camped immediately behind the III Corps. During the morning of the battle's 2nd day (July 2), Army of the Potomac commander Maj. Gen. George G. Meade shifted units to receive an expected Confederate attack on his positions. The II Corps was placed in the center of Cemetery Ridge, with Brig. Gen. Alexander Hays's division on the corps' right, John Gibbon's division in the center around the Angle, and John C. Caldwell's division on the left, adjacent to the III Corps; Robinson's division of the I Corps was placed in reserve behind the XI Corps. The V Corps was formed in reserve behind the II Corps. In the late afternoon, the end of the Confederate Maj. Gen.

Lafayette McLaws's assault drove portions of Maj. Gen. Daniel Sickles's III Corps line back to the southern end of Cemetery Ridge, and Brig. Gen. Ambrose Wright's Confederate brigade temporarily captured the southern end of the Angle before being driven back to Seminary Ridge by the Philadelphia Brigade. The Confederate artillery bombardment preceding Pickett's Charge on July 3 battered Cemetery Ridge, and Union artillery on the ridge counterfired to Seminary Ridge. Thirty-four Union cannons were disabled, but the three Confederate divisions of the subsequent infantry assault (Pickett's of the First Corps and Pettigrew's and Trimble's of the Third Corps), attacked the Union II Corps at the "stone fence" at the Angle. Heavy rifle and artillery fire prevented all but about 250 Confederates led by Lewis Armistead from penetrating the Union line to the high water mark of the Confederacy. Armistead was mortally wounded.

Two brigades of Anderson's Division, assigned to protect Pickett's right flank during the charge, reached a more southern portion of the Union line at Cemetery Ridge soon after the repulse of Pickett's Division, but were driven back with 40% casualties by the 2nd Vermont Brigade. Cemetery Ridge Postbellum history The Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association purchased rights-of-way for an avenue and monuments along the ridge, and the 1884 Round Top Branch steam railroad was built across the southern end of Cemetery Ridge. The 1893 Gettysburg Electric Railway was built across the north end of the ridge, and several Gettysburg Battlefield camps after the American Civil War used the ridge's west slope at the Angle (e.g., for Eisenhower's 1918 Camp Colt and during the 1938 Gettysburg reunion).

The 1962 Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg with observation deck replaced the 1896 observation tower at the ridge's Zeigler's Woods, but was closed in 2008.[citation needed] Battle of Gettysburg : Cemetery Ridge Battle of Gettysburg : Cemetery Ridge Cemetery Ridge Battle of Gettysburg Cemetery Ridge Battle of Gettysburg Cemetery Hill Seminary Ridge, The Round Tops Taneytown Road Emmitsburg Road, Little Round Top The Angle, General Barksdale Wilcox Lang Peach Orchard Plum Run Cemetery Ridge and Battle of Gettysburg Summary Cemetery Ridge would be contested ground during the second and third days of the Battle of Gettysburg . On the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, Cemetery Ridge was unoccupied for much of the day until the Union army retreated from its positions north of town, when the divisions of Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson and Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday from the I Corps were placed on the northern end of the ridge, protecting the left flank of the XI Corps on Cemetery Hill. After the XII Corps arrived, Maj. Gen. John W.

Geary's Second Division was sent to the southern end of the ridge near Little Round Top; Brig. Gen. John Buford's cavalry division formed a skirmish line in the fields between Cemetery Ridge and Seminary Ridge. The III Corps arrived about 8 p.m. and replaced Geary's division (which was sent to Culp's Hill); the II Corps arrived about 10:30 p.m. and camped immediately behind the III Corps. During the morning of the 2nd day of fighting on July 2, Army of the Potomac commander Maj. Gen. George G. Meade shifted units to receive an expected Confederate attack on his positions. The II Corps was placed in the center of Cemetery Ridge, with Brig. Gen. Alexander Hays's division on the corps' right, John Gibbon's division in the center around the Angle, and John C. Caldwell's division on the left, adjacent to the III Corps; Robinson's division of the I Corps was placed in reserve behind the XI Corps. The V Corps was formed in reserve behind the II Corps. In the late afternoon, the end of the Confederate Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws's assault drove portions of Maj. Gen.

Daniel Sickles's III Corps line back to the southern end of Cemetery Ridge, and Brig. Gen. Ambrose Wright's Confederate brigade temporarily captured the southern end of the Angle before being driven back to Seminary Ridge by the Philadelphia Brigade. The Confederate artillery bombardment preceding Pickett's Charge on July 3 battered Cemetery Ridge, and Union artillery on the ridge counterfired to Seminary Ridge. Thirty-four Union cannons were disabled, but the three Confederate divisions of the subsequent infantry assault (Pickett's of the First Corps and Pettigrew's and Trimble's of the Third Corps), attacked the Union II Corps at the "stone fence" at the Angle. Heavy rifle and artillery fire prevented all but about 250 Confederates led by Lewis Armistead from penetrating the Union line to the high water mark of the Confederacy. Armistead was mortally wounded. Two brigades of Anderson's Division, assigned to protect Pickett's right flank during the charge, reached a more southern portion of the Union line at Cemetery Ridge soon after the repulse of Pickett's Division, but were driven back with 40% casualties by the 2nd Vermont Brigade.

Whereas Lee would withdrawal and move his battered and fatigued army toward Virginia on the 4th, Lincoln would demand answers as to why the Union commanding general did not press the offensive after Pickett's demise. Lee would remain in Virginia for the remainder of the conflict, unwilling and unable to take the fight to the North. Cemetery Ridge, Gettysburg Gen. Meade's Headquarters at Cemetery Ridge Cemetery Ridge Cemetery Ridge, Gettysburg (Above) Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Headquarters on Cemetery Ridge. While three dead horses are in the foreground, there are several more under the shade of the trees. Taken following Pickett's Charge on July 3, 1863. Alexander Gardner. Library of Congress. (Right) Hancock Avenue marks the line of Cemetery Ridge in the center of this view, taken in the 1980s. The Round Tops are in the distance and the Emmitsburg Road is to the right. Gettysburg NMP. History The second day of fighting at the battle of Gettysburg on July 2, 1863, was the largest and costliest of the three days.

The second day’s fighting (at Devil’s Den, Little Round Top, The Wheatfield, The Peach Orchard, Cemetery Ridge, Trostle’s Farm, Culp’s Hill and Cemetery Hill) involved at least 100,000 soldiers of which roughly 20,000 were killed, wounded, captured or missing. The second day in itself ranks as the 10th bloodiest battle of the Civil War. The third day of fighting consisted of Culp's Hill, Cemetery Ridge, namely Pickett's Charge, and two cavalry battles: one approximately three miles to the east, known as East Cavalry Field, and the other southwest of Big Round Top mountain on South Cavalry Field. Beginning on the southwest edge of Cemetery Hill , Cemetery Ridge runs southward approximately 1 1/2 miles to the Round Tops. Unlike Seminary Ridge , the gradual rise of Cemetery Ridge and better soil base allowed it to be farmed as pasture and planted in crops. Cleared of trees and lined with fences that could be used for emergency barricades and defenses, it was a perfect position for infantry and artillery to be placed to cover the ground to the west over which the main Confederate attack was directed.

The Taneytown Road, which lies directly east of the ridge, was perfect for the rapid movement of troops, artillery and supplies up and down the line. When General Sickles moved his Third Corps to the Emmitsburg Road on the afternoon of July 2, he left a large section of the ridge between Little Round Top and the Angle area unoccupied. This gap in the line was an open invitation for the Confederates to march through the center of the Union position and break it in half. But to achieve this goal, the Southerners would have to sweep away veteran Union regiments, determined to stop the Confederate attack before it reached that point. Battle of Cemetery Ridge, 2nd Day, Gettysburg Battle of Cemetery Ridge, Gettysburg, July 2, 1863 Pickett's Charge, July 3, 1863 Cemetery Ridge and Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863 Cemetery Ridge Cemetery Ridge (Right) Battle of Gettysburg map showing troops movements on the last and final day of the fight in the otherwise small peaceful Pennsylvania town. Map courtesy Cartographer Hal Jespersen, posix.com/CW.

For more outstanding Civil War maps, please visit Mr. Jesperson, cwmaps.com. Reserve troops rushed into battle by General Meade were sent to the left of the Third Corps line, which was facing the most pressure. Yet he was unable to fill the section of Cemetery Ridge vacated that morning by General Sickles. This left a gap between the area of the Angle to the north and Little Round Top to the south. Several hours into the fighting, three Confederate brigades under Generals Barksdale and Wilcox, and Colonel Lang threatened this area. Only a handful of battered artillery units fresh from the ordeal of the Peach Orchard and rallied by Colonel Freeman McGilvery were unlimbered along the ridge, and these were not enough to stop the masses of Confederate infantry moving across Plum Run valley below them. The long march under fire from Seminary Ridge to this point had disorganized the Southern formations and exasperated officers hurriedly reformed their commands at Plum Run, a crucial delay. (Right) Union artillery had a commanding view over Plum Run as seen from Dow's Battery on Cemetery Ridge. Photo Gettysburg NMP.

Seeing that troops were desperately needed in the center, General Winfield Scott Hancock quickly rushed forward a brigade of New York troops commanded by Colonel George Willard. The New Yorkers immediately charged into Barksdale's exhausted Confederates, driving them away from Plum Run and across the farm fields to the Emmitsburg Road. The 39th New York Infantry drove off Mississippians who had just captured Lt. Malbone F. Watson's Battery I, 5th US Artillery, and pursued the refuges into the Trostle yard where they, along with the 150th New York, re-took the lost guns of the 9th Massachusetts Battery. In the center of the fight, General Barksdale was shot from his horse and lay terribly wounded on the field until later that night when Union troops brought him in as a prisoner. 1st Minnesota Infantry Monument Battle of Cemetery Ridge, July 2, 1863 (Right) Photo of monument to the 1st Minnesota Infantry on Hancock Ave. Gettysburg NMP. Just north of Barksdale's hard-pressed Mississippians, Brig.

General Cadmus Wilcox was getting his Alabama regiments started again when he was surprised to see a small formation of Union infantry appear in his front, take deliberate aim and fire. The line bore straight toward his brigade, light from the setting sun glittering on leveled Union bayonets. This lone Union regiment was the 1st Minnesota Infantry, stationed on Cemetery Ridge to support a Union battery. After directing Willard into battle, General Hancock observed that a critical gap still remained where Wilcox could break through. Quickly taking in the situation, he galloped up to the only available Union infantry at hand, the 1st Minnesota and its commander Colonel William Colvill, Jr. "My God," Hancock roared, "are these all the troops we have here?!" Colvill replied in the affirmative. "Do you see those colors?", Hancock asked. The colonel peered through the battle smoke to see a large mass of gray-clad southerners with red battle flags defiantly waving above them. "Yes," Colvill stated.

The Pennsylvania Monument The Pennsylvania Monument at Gettysburg One of the largest and most ornate monuments on the battlefield, the Pennsylvania Memorial was constructed by the commonwealth in 1909-1910. This unique memorial is made of North Carolina granite set over an iron and concrete frame. Adorning the base are bronze statues of Pennsylvania-born generals, Governor Curtin, and President Abraham Lincoln . The statues were sculpted by several artists including J. Otto Schweizer, Cyrus E. Dalin, and Lee O. Lowrie. The prominent figure of Winged Victory by sculptor Samuel Murray, adorns the top of the dome. Around the base are bronze plaques that list the Pennsylvania regiments and batteries that participated in the Battle of Gettysburg, along with a list of the Pennsylvanians in each unit who were present during the three day battle. This project presented the state's monuments commission with special problems as the records and muster rolls were still in the possession of the War Department, and there were numerous spelling and statistical difficulties encountered.

A large staff worked for over a year to complete the rosters, though corrections had to be made to the tablets after the dedication of the memorial on September 27, 1910. The work of architect W. Liance Cottrell of New York, the Pennsylvania Memorial weighs an estimated 3,840 tons and cost the state over $240,000. The Rite of Absolution Father Corby, Gettysburg NMP Father William Corby Statue Another interesting monument near this location is that to Father William Corby, chaplain of the famous " Irish Brigade ". On the afternoon of July 2, just prior to the brigade's advance to the Wheatfield, Father Corby stood upon a large boulder and granted general absolution to the catholic members of the brigade. It was a most stirring moment as the chaplain raised his voice above the din of battle while over 300 Union soldiers who were about to face death knelt before him. Within the hour, the brigade was in the thick of the battle.

To commemorate this unique event, a statue of Father Corby was erected upon the exact boulder where he stood that afternoon, and was dedicated on October 29, 1910. After the war, Corby returned to his pre-war occupation of teaching at Notre Dame University and was appointed university president. He spent a few years away from Notre Dame for a brief appointment at Sacred Heart College in Watertown, Wisconsin, and returned to Notre Dame in 1877. The university flourished under his guidance until his retirement in 1881. Corby also founded the Notre Dame Post No. 569 of the Grand Army of the Republic, the only post in the nation, "composed entirely of members of a religious order." Father William Corby died in 1897 and is buried at Notre Dame where a similar statue to Father Corby stands today. Analysis During the Second Day of the Battle of Gettysburg (July 2, 1863) Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee attempted to capitalize on his first day's success. He launched the Army of Northern Virginia in multiple attacks on the flanks of the Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen.

George G. Meade. After a short delay to assemble his forces and avoid detection in his approach march, Lt. Gen. James Longstreet attacked with his First Corps against the Union left flank. His division under Maj. Gen. John Bell Hood attacked Little Round Top and Devil's Den. To Hood's left, Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws attacked the Wheatfield and the Peach Orchard. Although neither prevailed, the Union III Corps was effectively destroyed as a combat organization as it attempted to defend a salient over too wide a front. Gen. Meade rushed as many as 20,000 reinforcements from elsewhere in his line to resist these fierce assaults. The attacks in this sector concluded with an unsuccessful assault by the Third Corps division of Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson against the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. That evening, Confederate Second Corps commander Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell turned demonstrations against the Union right flank into full-scale assaults on Culp's Hill and East Cemetery Hill, but both were repulsed. The Union army had occupied strong defensive positions, and Meade handled his forces well, resulting in heavy losses for both sides but leaving the disposition of forces on both sides essentially unchanged.

Lee's hope of crushing the Army of the Potomac on Northern territory was dashed, but undaunted, he began to plan for the third day of fighting. Cemetery Ridge, Battle of Gettysburg Attack of Cemetery Ridge, July 2, 1863 General Lee wished to renew the attack on Friday, July 3, using the same basic plan as the previous day: Longstreet would attack the Federal left, while Ewell attacked Culp's Hill. However, before Longstreet was ready, Union XII Corps troops started a dawn artillery bombardment against the Confederates on Culp's Hill in an effort to regain a portion of their lost works. The Confederates attacked, and the second fight for Culp's Hill ended around 11 a.m. Harry Pfanz judged that, after some seven hours of bitter combat, "the Union line was intact and held more strongly than before." Lee was forced to change his plans. Longstreet would command Pickett's Virginia division of his own First Corps, plus six brigades from Hill's Corps, in an attack on the Federal II Corps position at the right center of the Union line on Cemetery Ridge.

Prior to the attack, all the artillery the Confederacy could bring to bear on the Federal positions would bombard and weaken the enemy's line. Around 1 p.m., from 150 to 170 Confederate guns began an artillery bombardment that was probably the largest of the war. In order to save valuable ammunition for the infantry attack that they knew would follow, the Army of the Potomac's artillery, under the command of Brig. Gen. Henry Jackson Hunt, at first did not return the enemy's fire. After waiting about 15 minutes, about 80 Federal cannons added to the din. The Army of Northern Virginia was critically low on artillery ammunition, and the cannonade did not significantly affect the Union position. Around 3 p.m., the cannon fire subsided, and 12,500 Southern soldiers stepped from the ridgeline and advanced the three-quarters of a mile to Cemetery Ridge in what is known to history as "Pickett's Charge". As the Confederates approached, there was fierce flanking artillery fire from Union positions on Cemetery Hill and north of Little Round Top, and musket and canister fire from Hancock's II Corps.

In the Union center, the commander of artillery had held fire during the Confederate bombardment (in order to save it for the infantry assault, which Meade had correctly predicted the day before), leading Southern commanders to believe the Northern cannon batteries had been knocked out. However, they opened fire on the Confederate infantry during their approach with devastating results. Nearly one half of the attackers did not return to their own lines. Although the Federal line wavered and broke temporarily at a jog called the "Angle" in a low stone fence, just north of a patch of vegetation called the Copse of Trees, reinforcements rushed into the breach, and the Confederate attack was repulsed. The farthest advance of Brig. Gen. Lewis A. Armistead's brigade of Maj. Gen. George Pickett's division at the Angle is referred to as the "High-water mark of the Confederacy", arguably representing the closest the South ever came to its goal of achieving independence from the Union via military victory. Union and Confederate soldiers locked in hand-to-hand combat, attacking with their rifles, bayonets, rocks and even their bare hands.

Armistead ordered his Confederates to turn two captured cannons against Union troops, but discovered that there was no ammunition left, the last double canister shots having been used against the charging Confederates. Armistead was shortly after wounded three times. Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863 There were two significant cavalry engagements on July 3. Stuart was sent to guard the Confederate left flank and was to be prepared to exploit any success the infantry might achieve on Cemetery Hill by flanking the Federal right and hitting their trains and lines of communications. Three miles east of Gettysburg, in what is now called "East Cavalry Field" (not shown on the accompanying map, but between the York and Hanover Roads), Stuart's forces collided with Federal cavalry: Brig. Gen. David McMurtrie Gregg's division and Brig. Gen. Custer's brigade. A lengthy mounted battle, including hand-to-hand sabre combat, ensued. Custer's charge, leading the 1st Michigan Cavalry, blunted the attack by Wade Hampton's brigade, blocking Stuart from achieving his objectives in the Federal rear.

Meanwhile, after hearing news of the day's victory, Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick launched a cavalry attack against the infantry positions of Longstreet's Corps southwest of Big Round Top. Brig. Gen. Elon J. Farnsworth protested against the futility of such a move, but obeyed orders. Farnsworth was killed in the attack, and his brigade suffered significant losses. The two armies suffered between 46,000 and 51,000 casualties. Union casualties were 23,055 (3,155 killed, 14,531 wounded, 5,369 captured or missing), while Confederate casualties are more difficult to estimate. Many authors have referred to as many as 28,000 Confederate casualties, and Busey and Martin's more recent 2005 work, Regimental Strengths and Losses at Gettysburg, documents 23,231 (4,708 killed, 12,693 wounded, 5,830 captured or missing). Nearly a third of Lee's general officers were killed, wounded, or captured.

The casualties for both sides during the entire campaign were 57,225. Sources: National Park Service; Gettysburg National Military Park; Civil War Trust; National Archives; Library of Congress; Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Recommended Cemetery Ridge Funding - Gettysburg National Military Park (U.S. National Park Service) Contact Us Cemetery Ridge Funding Contact: Cindy Small , 717-339-2109 Gettysburg Receives NPS Centennial Funding for Cemetery Ridge National Park Service funding for Centennial projects will provide matching funds for a $1.3 million dollar project to rehabilitate Cemetery Ridge at Gettysburg National Military Park. The project will bring back missing features on the historic landscape at the center of the Union Army's battle line and reduce the size of a parking area at Ziegler's Grove. The nonprofit Gettysburg Foundation will provide a grant of $700,000 to match National Park Service funding of $600,000 for this stewardship project.

Historic features on Cemetery Ridge will be returned including: Ziegler's ravine; commemorative walkways; and a portion of historic Hancock Avenue, as well as its ornamental entrance gates at Taneytown Road. The project will also return monuments to their original location before Cyclorama building development, and retain a portion of the parking lot for visitors to the nearby Soldiers' National Cemetery. "For the first time in more than fifty years, this portion of Cemetery Ridge will have its historic appearance, offering fresh experiences for a new generation of Gettysburg visitors," said Ed Clark, Gettysburg National Military Park Superintendent. "We're excited that this important project has been embraced as a National Park Service Centennial initiative – raising it to a higher level of awareness and visibility." For six years, the Gettysburg Foundation has funded and implemented important earlier phases of the rehabilitation of Cemetery Ridge including demolition of the Visitor Center in 2009; demolition of the Cyclorama building in 2013; and removal and rehabilitation of the former Visitor Center parking lot site in 2014. Gettysburg Foundation President Joanne M.

Hanley said, "The Gettysburg Foundation has contributed to the rehabilitation of Cemetery Ridge since the inception of the idea to bring back missing features of the battlefield landscapes. It is our intent to concentrate on the work that needs to be done to see this through to the end. We are pleased, grateful and excited for this important project to be a National Park Service Centennial initiative." NPS CENTENNIAL - To prepare for its Centennial in 2016, the National Park Service is funding legacy projects that will preserve resources for the future. Last month, the National Park Service launched "Find Your Park," a national public awareness and education campaign celebrating the milestone centennial anniversary of the National Park Service in 2016 and setting the stage for its second century of service. Learn more at findyourpark.com ECONOMIC IMPACT REPORT RELEASED - A new National Park Service (NPS) report shows that 1,020,702 visitors to Gettysburg National Military Park in 2014 spent $62,913,700 in communities near the park. That spending supported 868 jobs in the local area.

Eisenhower National Historic Site had 58,239 visitors and provided an economic impact of $3,266,200, supporting 47 local jobs. "The Gettysburg and Eisenhower parks welcome visitors from across the country and around the world," said Superintendent Clark. "We are delighted that in preserving these special places and sharing their stories, we make a significant contribution to the local economy. National park tourism returns $10 for every $1 invested in the National Park Service. This helps support and sustain our local communities." Park Unit 868 $83,823.0 The peer-reviewed visitor spending analysis was conducted by U.S. Geological Survey economists Catherine Cullinane Thomas and Christopher Huber and National Park Service economist Lynne Koontz. The report shows $15.7 billion of direct spending by 292.8 million park visitors in communities within 60 miles of a national park. This spending supported 277,000 jobs nationally; 235,600 of those jobs are found in these gateway communities. The cumulative benefit to the U.S. economy was $29.7 billion.

According to the 2014 report, most park visitor spending was for lodging (30.6 percent) followed by food and beverages (20.3 percent), gas and oil (11.9 percent), admissions and fees (10.2 percent) and souvenirs (9.9 percent). To download the report visit . The report includes information for visitor spending at individual parks and by state. To learn more about national parks in state name and how the National Park Service works with Pennsylvania communities to help preserve local history, conserve the environment, and provide outdoor recreation, go to . Cindy Small, Marketing, Chief Marketing Officer Gettysburg Foundation 717-339-2109; csmall@gettysburgfoundation.org Gettysburg Receives NPS Centennial Funding for Cemetery Ridge Gettysburg, PA (April 23, 2015) – National Park Service funding for Centennial projects will provide matching funds for a $1.3 million dollar project to rehabilitate Cemetery Ridge at Gettysburg National Military Park.

The project will bring back missing features on the historic landscape at the center of the Union Army’s battle line and reduce the size of a parking area at Ziegler’s Grove. The nonprofit Gettysburg Foundation will provide a grant of $700,000 to match National Park Service funding of $600,000 for this stewardship project Historic features on Cemetery Ridge will be returned including: Ziegler’s ravine; commemorative walkways; and a portion of historic Hancock Avenue, as well as its ornamental entrance gates at Taneytown Road. The project will also return monuments to their original location before Cyclorama building development, and retain a portion of the parking lot for visitors to the nearby Soldiers' National Cemetery. “For the first time in more than fifty years, this portion of Cemetery Ridge will have its historic appearance, offering fresh experiences for a new generation of Gettysburg visitors,” said Ed Clark, Gettysburg National Military Park Superintendent.

“We're excited that this important project has been embraced as a National Park Service Centennial initiative – raising it to a higher level of awareness and visibility.” For six years, the Gettysburg Foundation has funded and implemented important earlier phases of the rehabilitation of Cemetery Ridge including demolition of the Visitor Center in 2009; demolition of the Cyclorama building in 2013; and removal and rehabilitation of the former Visitor Center parking lot site in 2014. Gettysburg Foundation President Joanne M. Hanley said, “The Gettysburg Foundation has contributed to the rehabilitation of Cemetery Ridge since the inception of the idea to bring back missing features of the battlefield landscapes. It is our intent to concentrate on the work that needs to be done to see this through to the end. We are pleased, grateful and excited for this important project to be a National Park Service Centennial initiative.” NPS CENTENNIAL - To prepare for its Centennial in 2016, the National Park Service is funding legacy projects that will preserve resources for the future.

Last month, the National Park Service launched “Find Your Park,” a national public awareness and education campaign celebrating the milestone centennial anniversary of the National Park Service in 2016 and setting the stage for its second century of service. Learn more at findyourpark.com Gettysburg National Military Park preserves and protects the resources associated with the Battle of Gettysburg and the Soldiers' National Cemetery and provides an understanding of the events that occurred there within the context of American history. More information is available at . Eisenhower National Historic Site preserves and protects the resources associated with the presidential home and farm in order to promote understanding and appreciation of the life, work and times of Dwight David Eisenhower. For more information go to . The Gettysburg Foundation is a non-profit educational organization working in partnership with the National Park Service to enhance preservation and understanding of the heritage and lasting significance of Gettysburg. The Foundation raised funds for and now operates the Museum and Visitor Center at Gettysburg National Military Park, which opened in April 2008.

In addition to operating the Museum and Visitor Center, the Foundation has a broad preservation mission that includes land, monument and artifact preservation and battlefield rehabilitation—all in support of the National Park Service’s goals at Gettysburg.

### Gettysburg - Cemetery Hill Fight - Evening of July 2nd, 1863 Maps of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (1863) Gettysburg - Cemetery Hill Fight - Evening of July 2nd, 1863 Gettysburg - Union Forces Driven Off Oak Ridge July 1, 1863 Gettysburg - Union Clears the Wheatfield Gettysburg - The Wheatfield Fight Begins Gettysburg - South Cavalry Field Gettysburg - Rodes Attacks Oak Ridge, July 1, 1863 Gettysburg - Pickett's Charge, July 3, 1863 - 2:00 - 2:30PM Gettysburg - Pickett's Charge - 3:00pm to 3:45pm Gettysburg - Peach Orchard, July 2, 1863 Gettysburg - Morning Fight for McPherson Ridge July 1, 1863 Gettysburg - McPherson's and Oak Ridge - Afternoon July 1, 1863 Gettysburg - Fight for Culp's

 Hill July 3, 1863 Gettysburg - Fight for Barlow's Knoll - July 1, 1863 2:45-4:30PM Gettysburg - East Cemetery Hill - July 2, 1863 Gettysburg - East Cemetery and Culp's Hill, July 2, 1863 Gettysburg - East Cavalry Field Gettysburg - Devil's Den and Little Round Top, July 3, 1863 CWPT Map of the Battle of Gettysburg - Cemetery Hill Fight, Evening of July 2, 1863 (2009) July 1-3, 1863 Gen.

Robert E. Lee concentrated his full strength against Maj. Gen. George G. Meade’s Army of the Potomac at the crossroads county seat of Gettysburg. On July 1, Confederate forces converged on the town from west and north, driving Union defenders back through the streets to Cemetery Hill. During the night, reinforcements arrived for both sides. On July 2, Lee attempted to envelop the Federals, first striking the Union left flank at the Peach Orchard, Wheatfield, Devil’s Den, and the Round Tops with Longstreet’s and Hill’s divisions, and then attacking the Union right at Culp’s and East Cemetery Hills with Ewell’s divisions. By evening, the Federals retained Little Round Top and had repulsed most of Ewell’s men. During the morning of July 3, the Confederate infantry were driven from their last toe-hold on Culp’s Hill. In the afternoon, after a preliminary artillery bombardment, Lee attacked the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. The Pickett-Pettigrew assault (more popularly, Pickett’s Charge) momentarily pierced the Union line but was driven back with severe casualties. Stuart’s cavalry attempted to gain the Union rear but was repulsed.

On July 4, Lee began withdrawing his army toward Williamsport on the Potomac River. His train of wounded stretched more than fourteen miles.

Question: Cemetery Ridge was a feature of which battlefield?
Answer: Gettysburg