The condition of seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known by what name? - YouTube The condition of seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known by what name? Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 29, 2013 This improves the knowledge of the children indirectly as they never know that they are learning. - Category HAL Allergy Group: Clinical Conditions Clinical Conditions Allergic rhinitis is the most common symptom Do you know how many types of allergy there really are? Hay fever, pet and house dust mite allergies are very common. Other manifestations, such as allergic alveolitis, are far less common. This page briefly addresses the various forms. Allergic rhinitis, the most common symptom, occurs in two forms, the seasonal type and the non-seasonal type. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known as hay fever.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis include sneezing, watery or irritated eyes, a blocked or runny nose and flu-like feeling. The symptoms occur during the flowering season of trees, grasses or shrubs, when they release pollen into the air, hence the term 'seasonal'. When the season is over, the symptoms disappear as well. Non-seasonal allergic rhinitis may occur all year round, its symptoms are comparable to the seasonal type but the allergens are different. Examples of this type of allergy are house dust mite and pet allergy. Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva of both eyes. It is characterised by red, tearing and itching eyes. This type often goes hand in hand with allergic rhinitis. Asthma occurs in many different forms. Allergic asthma is a fairly common type. It is a process of respiratory inflammation caused by inhaling substances to which one is allergic. Initial complaints include frequent coughing, respiratory infection and fatigue. Typical symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath occur at a later stage. Allergic alveolitis is a collective name for a number of allergic pulmonary disorders caused by minuscule substances, often fungi and animal proteins.

These substances are so small that they can enter the airways, where they cause an inflammatory reaction. Alveolitis is fairly rare. An example is pigeon fanciers lung, a disorder caused by extremely small dust particles in the droppings in a dovecote. Urticaria is also known as hives or nettle rash. It is an allergic skin disorder characterised by severely itching lumps or rashes. Those rashes may occur anywhere on the body, occasionally causing a burning and chafing feeling. It has many causes, ranging from foodstuffs to detergents, from skin care products to even sunshine. Sun allergy is a form of urticaria, for example. Angio-oedema is a special type of urticaria or nettle rash. The itching is considerably less severe, but the lumps accompanying angio-oedema are much bigger than those associated with urticaria. Angio-oedema often manifests itself on the eyelids, lips and mucous membranes. Eczema is a skin disorder characterised by fluid-filled vesicles on the skin. The vesicles burst, which is followed by crustation. Eczema is a prevalent disorder, but may also have non-allergic causes.

Allergic eczema is divided into 'atopic eczema' and 'contact eczema'. A symptom of atopic eczema is an allergen-induced eczema-like rash. This is referred to as 'atopic', which means 'prone to allergic reaction'. Atopic people tend to have hay fever and asthma and (atopic) eczema. If you suffer from contact eczema, you will by definition have other allergic symptoms. Contact eczema does not discriminate. It arises in places where the skin has been in contact with an allergen. An example is allergy to nickel or chrome, which is found in certain jewellery and watches. An insect allergy can be triggered by insect stings. Wasp stings in particular may evoke severe allergic reactions. Skin reactions are frequent, but respiratory problems may occur as well. An occupational allergy is an allergic reaction to a substance present in the workplace. Occupational allergies are often contact or inhalation allergies. Complaints generally develop over time. Examples are allergies to animals or allergic reactions to chemical substances. The symptoms of an occupational allergy are extremely diverse and depend on the type of allergen.

A well-known occupational allergy is hairdresser's eczema: an allergic reaction to contact with perm liquids or hair dyes. If you are allergic to birch pollen, you may also react allergic to eating hazelnuts and apples. This may seem curious but it is one of a great many examples of what is known as cross allergy. An allergy is called a cross allergy if the antibodies that the body produces against one allergen, start reacting to another allergen as well, for the simple reason that they are alike. They are related to each other, family, so to speak. Appearance does not enter into it: hazelnuts, apples and birch trees do not look like each other, but they contain related allergens, as do kiwi, pineapple and potato, for instance. An anaphylactic shock is an extremely severe allergic reaction of the entire body. The reaction may occur very quickly, within minutes. An anaphylactic shock is a dangerous reaction of the body, which may be life-threatening. The body reacts very strongly to an allergen. Not just in one place, for instance the site of a wasp sting, but spread across the entire body.

Such a strong reaction may cause a substantial drop in blood pressure and lead to loss of consciousness. Severe swelling of the pharynx, may cause tightness of the chest. A shock reaction to a particular kind of food may involve severe nausea, followed by vomiting and abdominal cramps. Without rapid treatment, the pulse will begin to race, which may lead to loss of consciousness. It is therefore essential that the attack be treated as quickly as possible. The most common causes of anaphylactic shock are insect stings, particularly by wasps, and food ingredients (especially peanuts). Such a reaction virtually never occurs with pollen, pet or house dust mite allergies. The symptoms of an anaphylactic shock reaction may be the same as those associated with other allergic reactions, but are generally much more severe. Symptoms that often accompany a shock reaction are laboured breathing, dizziness, arrhythmia, bright redness of the skin and vomiting. Not all cases of hypersensitivity to food are allergies. The difference between food allergy and food intolerance is that the former is related to our immune system, whereas intolerance is not. Food allergy is an allergic reaction to certain foodstuffs, such as peanuts.

Food allergy often comes paired with gastrointestinal problems, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, but also skin complaints or respiratory problems. HAL Allergy Group Hay Fever (Rhinitis) | Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website Stuffy nose due to blockage or congestion Fatigue (often reported due to poor quality sleep as a result of nasal obstruction) For more information on hay fever symptoms click here . Hay Fever Triggers Outdoor allergens, such as pollens from grass, trees and weeds Indoor allergens, such as pet hair or dander, dust mites and mold Irritants, such as cigarette smoke, perfume and diesel exhaust Hay Fever Management and Treatment Avoid triggers by making changes to your home and to your behavior. Keep windows closed during high pollen periods; use air conditioning in your home and car. Wear glasses or sunglasses when outdoors to keep pollen out of your eyes. Use “mite-proof” bedding covers to limit exposure to dust mites and a dehumidifier to control mold (if you smell mildew, you likely have mold). Wash your hands after petting any animal and have a nonallergic person help with pet grooming, preferably in a well-ventilated area or outside. Control some symptoms with over-the-counter medication.

Decongestants For more information on hay fever management and treatment click here. Symptoms Allergic rhinitis — commonly known as hay fever — is a group of symptoms affecting the nose. But don’t be misled by the name — you don’t have to be exposed to hay to have symptoms. And despite the name, it’s not usually accompanied by fever. People with allergic rhinitis generally experience symptoms after breathing in an allergy-causing substance such as pollen or dust. In the fall, a common allergen is ragweed . In the spring, the most common triggers are grasses and pollen. When a sensitive person inhales an allergen, the body’s immune system may react with the following symptoms (listed in order of frequency): Stuffy nose due to blockage or congestion Itching, usually in the nose, mouth, eyes, throat or skin Puffy, swollen eyelids Missed days of work or school More motor vehicle accidents More school or work injuries Many parents of children with allergic rhinitis have said that their children are more moody and irritable during allergy season. Since children cannot always express their symptoms verbally, they may express their discomfort by acting up at school and at home.

In addition, some children feel that having an allergy is a stigma that separates them from others. It is important that the irritability or other symptoms caused by ear, nose or throat trouble are not mistaken for attention deficit disorder. With proper treatment , symptoms can be kept under control and disruptions in learning and behavior can be avoided. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis have other causes as well, the most customary being the common cold — an example of infectious rhinitis. Most infections are relatively short-lived, with symptoms improving in three to seven days. Many people have recurrent or chronic nasal congestion, excess mucus production, itching and other nasal symptoms similar to those of allergic rhinitis. In those cases, an allergy is not the cause. Diagnosing To find the most effective way to treat allergic rhinitis symptoms, see an allergist Your allergist may start by taking a detailed history, looking for clues in your lifestyle that will help pinpoint the cause of your symptoms. You’ll be asked, among other things, about your work and home environments (including whether you have a pet), your eating habits, your family’s medical history and the frequency and severity of your symptoms.

Sometimes allergic rhinitis can be complicated by several medical conditions, such as a deviated septum (curvature of the bone and cartilage that separate the nostrils) or nasal polyps (abnormal growths inside the nose and sinuses). Any of these conditions will be made worse by catching a cold. Nasal symptoms caused by more than one problem can be difficult to treat, often requiring the cooperation of an allergist and another specialist, such as an otolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat specialist). Your allergist may recommend a skin test , in which small amounts of suspected allergens are introduced into your skin. Skin testing is the easiest, most sensitive and generally least expensive way of identifying allergens. Types of skin tests Prick or scratch test: In this test, a tiny drop of a possible allergen is pricked or scratched into the skin. Also known as a percutaneous test, this is the most common type of skin test. The results are known within 10 to 20 minutes. Intradermal test: A small amount of a possible allergen is injected under the skin using a thin needle. The site is checked for a reaction after about 20 minutes.

This test is typically more sensitive than the prick or scratch test. Management and Treatment The first approach in managing seasonal or perennial forms of hay fever should be to avoid the allergens that trigger symptoms. Outdoor exposure Stay indoors as much as possible when pollen counts are at their peak, usually during the midmorning and early evening (this may vary according to plant pollen), and when wind is blowing pollens around. Avoid using window fans that can draw pollens and molds into the house. Wear glasses or sunglasses when outdoors to minimize the amount of pollen getting into your eyes. Wear a pollen mask (such as a NIOSH-rated 95 filter mask) when mowing the lawn, raking leaves or gardening, and take appropriate medication beforehand. Don’t hang clothing outdoors to dry; pollen may cling to towels and sheets. Try not to rub your eyes; doing so will irritate them and could make your symptoms worse. Indoor exposure Keep windows closed, and use air conditioning in your car and home. Make sure to keep your air conditioning unit clean. Reduce exposure to dust mites, especially in the bedroom. Use “mite-proof” covers for pillows, comforters and duvets, and mattresses and box springs.

Wash your bedding frequently, using hot water (at least 130 degrees Fahrenheit). To limit exposure to mold, keep the humidity in your home low (between 30 and 50 percent) and clean your bathrooms, kitchen and basement regularly. Use a dehumidifier, especially in the basement and in other damp, humid places, and empty and clean it often. If mold is visible, clean it with mild detergent and a 5 percent bleach solution as directed by an allergist. Clean floors with a damp rag or mop, rather than dry-dusting or sweeping. Exposure to pets Wash your hands immediately after petting any animals; wash your clothes after visiting friends with pets. If you are allergic to a household pet , keep the animal out of your home as much as possible. If the pet must be inside, keep it out of the bedroom so you are not exposed to animal allergens while you sleep. Close the air ducts to your bedroom if you have forced-air or central heating or cooling. Replace carpeting with hardwood, tile or linoleum, all of which are easier to keep dander-free. Many allergens that trigger allergic rhinitis are airborne, so you can’t always avoid them.

If your symptoms can’t be well-controlled by simply avoiding triggers, your allergist may recommend medications that reduce nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing and itching. They are available in many forms — oral tablets, liquid medication, nasal sprays and eyedrops. Some medications may have side effects, so discuss these treatments with your allergist. Intranasal corticosteroids are the single most effective drug class for treating allergic rhinitis. They can significantly reduce nasal congestion as well as sneezing, itching and a runny nose. Talk with your allergist about whether these medications are appropriate and safe for you. These sprays are designed to avoid the side effects that may occur from steroids that are taken by mouth or injection. Take care not to spray the medication against the center portion of the nose (the nasal septum). The most common side effects are local irritation and nasal bleeding. Some older preparations have been shown to have some effect on children’s growth; data about some newer steroids don’t indicate an effect on growth Antihistamines are commonly used to treat allergic rhinitis. These medications counter the effects of histamine, the irritating chemical released within your body when an allergic reaction takes place.

Although other chemicals are involved, histamine is primarily responsible for causing the symptoms. Antihistamines are found in eyedrops, nasal sprays and, most commonly, oral tablets and syrup. Antihistamines help to relieve nasal allergy symptoms such as: Sneezing and an itchy, runny nose Eye itching, burning, tearing and redness Itchy skin, hives and eczema There are dozens of antihistamines; some are available over the counter, while others require a prescription. Patients respond to them in a wide variety of ways. Generally, the newer (second-generation) products work well and produce only minor side effects. Some people find that an antihistamine becomes less effective as the allergy season worsens or as their allergies change over time. If you find that an antihistamine is becoming less effective, tell your allergist, who may recommend a different type or strength of antihistamine. If you have excessive nasal dryness or thick nasal mucus, consult an allergist before taking antihistamines. Contact your allergist for advice if an antihistamine causes drowsiness or other side effects.

Proper use: Short-acting antihistamines can be taken every four to six hours, while timed-release antihistamines are taken every 12 to 24 hours. The short-acting antihistamines are often most helpful if taken 30 minutes before an anticipated exposure to an allergen (such as at a picnic during ragweed season). Timed-release antihistamines are better suited to long-term use for those who need daily medications. Proper use of these drugs is just as important as their selection. The most effective way to use them is before symptoms develop. A dose taken early can eliminate the need for many later doses to reduce established symptoms. Many times a patient will say that he Proper use of these drugs is just as important as their selection. The most effective way to use them is before symptoms develop. A dose taken early can eliminate the need for many later doses to reduce established symptoms. Many times a patient will say that he or she “took one, and it didn’t work.” If the patient had taken the antihistamine regularly for three to four days to build up blood levels of the medication, it might have been effective.

Side effects: Older (first-generation) antihistamines may cause drowsiness or performance impairment, which can lead to accidents and personal injury. Even when these medications are taken only at bedtime, they can still cause considerable impairment the following day, even in people who do not feel drowsy. For this reason, it is important that you do not drive a car or work with dangerous machinery when you take a potentially sedating antihistamine. Some of the newer antihistamines do not cause drowsiness. A frequent side effect is excessive dryness of the mouth, nose and eyes. Less common side effects include restlessness, nervousness, overexcitability, insomnia, dizziness, headaches, euphoria, fainting, visual disturbances, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distress, constipation, diarrhea, increased or decreased urination, urinary retention, high or low blood pressure, nightmares (especially in children), sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising, chest tightness or palpitations. Men with prostate enlargement may encounter urinary problems while on antihistamines. Consult your allergist if these reactions occur.

Important precautions: Allergic rhinitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Headache Exams and Tests The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. You will be asked whether your symptoms vary by time of day or season, and exposure to pets or other allergens. Allergy testing may reveal the pollen or other substances that trigger your symptoms. Skin testing is the most common method of allergy testing. If your doctor determines you cannot have skin testing, special blood tests may help with the diagnosis. These tests, known as IgE RAST tests, can measure the levels of allergy-related substances. A complete blood count (CBC) test, called the eosinophil count, may also help diagnose allergies. Treatment LIFESTYLE AND AVOIDING ALLERGENS The best treatment is to avoid the pollens that cause your symptoms. It may be impossible to avoid all pollen. But you can often take steps to reduce your exposure . You may be prescribed medicine to treat allergic rhinitis. The medicine your doctor prescribes depends on your symptoms and how severe they are. Your age and whether you have other medical conditions, such as asthma, will also be considered.

For mild allergic rhinitis, a nasal wash can help remove mucus from the nose. You can buy a saline solution at a drug store or make one at home using 1 cup (240 milliliters) of warm water, half a teaspoon (3 grams) of salt, and pinch of baking soda. Treatments for allergic rhinitis include: ANTIHISTAMINES Medicines called antihistamines work well for treating allergy symptoms. They may be used when symptoms do not happen often or do not last long. Be aware of the following: Many antihistamines taken by mouth can be bought without a prescription. Some can cause sleepiness. You should not drive or operate machines after taking this type of medicine. Others cause little or no sleepiness. Antihistamine nasal sprays work well for treating allergic rhinitis. Ask your doctor if you should try these medicines first. CORTICOSTEROIDS Nasal corticosteroid sprays are the most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. They work best when used nonstop, but they can also be helpful when used for shorter periods of time. Corticosteroid sprays are generally safe for children and adults. Many brands are available.

You can buy three brands without a prescription. For all other brands, you will need a prescription from your doctor. DECONGESTANTS Decongestants may also be helpful for reducing symptoms such as nasal stuffiness. Do not use nasal spray decongestants for more than 3 days. OTHER MEDICINES Leukotriene inhibitors are prescription medicines that block leukotrienes. These are the chemicals the body releases in response to an allergen that also trigger symptoms. ALLERGY SHOTS Allergy shots (immunotherapy) are sometimes recommended if you cannot avoid the pollen and your symptoms are hard to control. This includes regular shots of the pollen you are allergic to. Each dose is slightly larger than the dose before it, until you reach the dose that helps control your symptoms. Allergy shots may help your body adjust to the pollen that is causing the reaction. SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY TREATMENT (SLIT) Instead of shots, medicine put under the tongue may help for grass and ragweed allergies. Outlook (Prognosis) Most symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be treated. More severe cases need allergy shots.

Some people, especially children, may outgrow an allergy as the immune system becomes less sensitive to the trigger. But once a substance, such as pollen, causes allergies, it often continues to have a long-term effect on the person. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call for an appointment with your provider if: You have severe hay fever symptoms Treatment that once worked for you no longer works Your symptoms do not respond to treatment Prevention You can sometimes prevent symptoms by avoiding the pollen you are allergic to. During pollen season, you should stay indoors where it is air-conditioned, if possible. Sleep with the windows closed, and drive with the windows rolled up. Alternative Names Hay fever; Nasal allergies; Seasonal allergy; Seasonal allergic rhinitis; Allergies - allergic rhinitis; Allergy - allergic rhinitis Images Recognizing invader References Baroody FM, Naclerio RM. Allergy and immunology of the upper airway. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 38.

Corren J, Baroody FM, Pawankar R. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. In: Adkinson NF Jr, Bochner BS, Burks AW, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap 42. Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY, et al. Guideline Otolaryngology Development Group, AAO-HNSF. Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 152(1 Suppl):S1-S43. PMID: 25644617 . Read More Hay fever, allergic rhinitis Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) What is allergic rhinitis? Hay fever is the common name to describe allergic rhinitis and involves a recurrent runny, stuffy, itchy nose, and frequent sneezing. It can also affect your eyes, sinuses, throat and ears.

Like any other allergy, allergic rhinitis is an inappropriate immune system response to an allergen – most commonly house dust mite, pet, pollen and mould. The allergen comes into contact with the sensitive, moist lining in your nose and sinuses and sets off the allergic response. Hay fever is often considered a nuisance rather than a major disease and most people will self-treat. However, recent studies have revealed that hay fever has a huge impact on quality of life. What is the impact? About 20 per cent of the general population suffers from rhinitis. Of these people, about one third develops problems before the age of 10. The overall burden of allergic rhinitis is better understood when you consider that 50 per cent of patients experience symptoms for more than four months per year and that 20 per cent have symptoms for at least nine months per year. Those affected by hay fever suffer more frequent and prolonged sinus infection, and for those who also have red, itchy eyes, there is the risk of developing infective conjunctivitis due to frequent rubbing. Persistent symptoms and poor quality sleep can result in lethargy, poor concentration and behavioural changes and impact on learning in young children.

Allergic rhinitis may predispose people to obstructive sleep apnoea, due to the upper airways collapsing during sleep. This results in reduced airflow, a drop in oxygen levels and disturbed sleep. Patients with allergic rhinitis also suffer from more frequent and prolonged respiratory infections, and asthma has been shown to be more difficult to control unless allergic rhinitis is also managed. What is the link between allergic rhinitis and asthma? Allergic rhinitis has been found to be an extremely common trigger for asthma in both children and adults. Allergic rhinitis can also exacerbate asthma, and it can make the diagnosis of asthma more difficult. Around 80 per cent of people with asthma suffer from allergic rhinitis, and around one in four with allergic rhinitis has asthma. There is now very good evidence to support the idea that asthmatics who look after their upper airways well need less asthma medication and fewer hospital or GP visits. When treating both asthma and allergic rhinitis, the first step is to find out the cause of your problem. Once the causes have been identified, management regimes can be put into place to minimise the impact of the allergy, and this then reduces the need for medication.

What causes allergic rhinitis? The most common triggers for people with allergic rhinitis are pollen, dust mite, pet and mould allergens. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is usually triggered by wind-borne pollen from trees, grass and weeds. Early spring symptoms point to tree pollen, while nasal allergy in late spring and summer indicates that grass and weed pollens are the culprits. And overlapping the grass season is the weed pollen season, which usually starts in late spring and extends through to the end of summer. In New Zealand the seasons are not very distinct and they vary throughout the country because of the different climates. The season starts about one month earlier at the top of the North Island than the bottom of the South Island. Thus the hay fever season is not very well defined. Allergic rhinitis that persists year-round (perennial allergic rhinitis) is usually caused by house dust mites, pets, or mould. People with allergic rhinitis are often allergic to more than one allergen, such as dust mite and pollen, so may suffer from symptoms for months on end or all year round. Irritants such as strong perfumes and tobacco smoke can aggravate this condition.

Foods do not play as big a role as had been thought in the past. What are the symptoms? Symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be any combination of itching in the back of the throat, eyes or nose, sneezing, runny eyes or nose, and blocked nose. A person may have any or all of the following: watery discharge from the nose all the time, occasionally or during certain seasons of the year stuffy nose all the time or during specific seasons reddened, pebbly lining in the lower eyelids frequent throat-clearing rabbit-like movements of the nose a horizontal crease across the nose as a result of constant rubbing bouts of sneezing, especially in the morning repeated nosebleeds headaches because of pressure from inside the nose frequent earaches, fullness in the ear, ear infections or hearing loss dizziness or nausea related to ear problems chronic cold without much fever nasal voice because of blocked nasal passages dark circles under the eyes as a result of pressure from blocked nasal passages on the small blood vessels. Also known as "allergic shiners". When does allergic rhinitis develop? Allergic rhinitis typically develops in childhood.

It is part of what we call the Allergic March, where children first develop eczema in infancy, sometimes followed by food allergy, and then go on to develop allergic rhinitis and then asthma. The onset of dust mite allergy occurs often by the age of two, with grass pollen allergy beginning around three to four years of age. Tree pollen allergy develops from about seven years of age. It is not unusual to develop hay fever during adulthood. It can take as few as two to three seasons to become sensitised to pollen, but it depends on the individual. How do you diagnose allergic rhinitis? Your doctor will confirm the specific allergens causing your rhinitis by taking a complete symptom history, doing a physical examination, and performing skin prick tests. How is allergic rhinitis treated? It is useful to identify your triggers and try and avoid them. This can be difficult. Pets: Make sure you keep it outside and never let it in the bedroom. It is never easy trying to decide on a new home for a pet, but in some cases this might be the best option. Even after you have removed your pet from your home, the allergens remain in furnishings for long periods afterwards and can cause symptoms.

You will need to thoroughly clean your walls, floors and carpets to remove the allergen. Dust mites: House dust mite reduction measures include mite-proof covers for the mattress, duvet and pillows. Removing items that collect dust from the bedroom will help. A good quality vacuum cleaner with HEPA filter for the exhaust air is essential to ensure that allergen is not disseminated in the atmosphere. Bedding should be washed frequently in water hotter than 55ºC. If you have soft toys, freeze them overnight and air in the sun. Pollen: It is difficult to avoid pollen, however you can avoid going outside when pollen counts are high. The amount of pollen in the air is highest: • In the morning Allergic rhinitis Allergic rhinitis Intro About traditional acupuncture The evidence Allergic rhinitis (perennial and seasonal) affects around 10-40% of the population worldwide, and can have a substantial health and economic impact on the community.(Sibbald 1991) The condition can affect several organ systems, and cause many symptoms.

Typical symptoms include sneezing, nasal itching, nasal blockage, and watery nasal discharge.(Lund 1994) Other symptoms include eye symptoms (e.g. red eyes, itchy eyes, tearing), coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath, oral allergy syndrome (i.e. an itchy, swollen oropharynx on eating stoned fruits), and systemic symptoms such as tiredness, fever, a pressure sensation in the head, and itchiness. Risk factors include a personal or family history of atopy or other allergic disorders, male sex, birth order (increased risk being seen in first born), and small family size.(Parikh 1997; Ross 1994) Allergic rhinitis may impair quality of life, interfering with work, sleep, and recreational activities.(Blaiss 1999) The aim of conventional treatments for hay fever is to minimise or eliminate symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of developing coexistent disease. Drug treatments include oral and topical antihistamines, oral and intranasal corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists and decongestants. References Blaiss MS.

Quality of life in allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999; 83: 449-454. Lund VJ, Aaronsen D, Bousquet J, et al. International consensus report on the diagnosis and management of rhinitis. Allergy 1994; 49: 1-34. Parikh A, Scadding GK. Seasonal allergic rhinitis.BMJ 1997; 314: 1392. Ross AM, Fleming DM. Incidence of allergic rhinitis in general practice, 1981-92. BMJ 1994; 308: 897-900. Sibbald B, Rink E. Epidemiology of seasonal and perennial rhinitis; clinical presentation and medical history. Thorax 1991; 46: 895-901.

How acupuncture can help Evidence from systematic reviews suggests that acupuncture and moxibustion may be a safe and effective treatment for allergic rhinitis with benefits over conventional medicine (Xiao 2009), that acupuncture can help to relieve symptoms of perennial rhinitis (Lee 2009) and that ear acupressure has a similar efficacy to antihistamines (Zhang 2010). However, the reviews also state that the evidence is mixed and the trials generally of poor quality and that more high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis, particularly seasonal (hay fever).(Roberts 2008; Lee 2009; Xiao 2009; Zhang 2010). Recent randomised controlled trials have found that acupuncture used as an adjunct to routine care for allergic rhinitis has clinically relevant and persistent benefits (Brinkhaus 2008) and is cost effective (Witt 2009).

Such trials have also found that acupuncture is effective in the symptomatic treatment of perennial rhinitis (Xue 2007) and that active acupuncture is more effective than sham acupuncture in decreasing the symptom scores for persistent allergic rhinitis and increasing the symptom-free days (Ng 2004). (see Table below) In general, acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules. The resulting biochemical changes influence the body's homeostatic mechanisms, thus promoting physical and emotional well-being.

Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress (Hui 2010) Acupuncture may help to relieve pain and congestion in people with allergic rhinitis by: regulating levels of IgE and cytokines, mediators of the allergic reaction to extrinsic allergens (Ng 2004; Rao 2006; Roberts 2008) stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues, which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors, and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz, 1987; Han 2004; Zhao 2008; Cheng 2009); reducing inflammation, by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Zijlstra 2003; Kavoussi 2007); enhancing natural killer cell activities and modulating the number and ratio of immune cell types (Kawakita 2008); increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009), which aids dispersal of swelling.

About traditional acupuncture Acupuncture is a tried and tested system of traditional medicine, which has been used in China and other eastern cultures for thousands of years to restore, promote and maintain good health. Its benefits are now widely acknowledged all over the world and in the past decade traditional acupuncture has begun to feature more prominently in mainstream healthcare in the UK. In conjunction with needling, the practitioner may use techniques such as moxibustion, cupping, massage or electro-acupuncture. They may also suggest dietary or lifestyle changes. Traditional acupuncture takes a holistic approach to health and regards illness as a sign that the body is out of balance. The exact pattern and degree of imbalance is unique to each individual. The traditional acupuncturist's skill lies in identifying the precise nature of the underlying disharmony and selecting the most effective treatment. The choice of acupuncture points will be specific to each patient's needs. Traditional acupuncture can also be used as a preventive measure to strengthen the constitution and promote general well-being. An increasing weight of evidence from Western scientific research (see overleaf) is demonstrating the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating a wide variety of conditions.

From a biomedical viewpoint, acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system, influencing the production of the body's communication substances - hormones and neurotransmitters. The resulting biochemical changes activate the body's self-regulating homeostatic systems, stimulating its natural healing abilities and promoting physical and emotional well-being. About the British Acupuncture Council With over 3000 members, the British Acupuncture Council (BAcC) is the UK's largest professional body for traditional acupuncturists. Membership of the BAcC guarantees excellence in training, safe practice and professional conduct. To find a qualified traditional acupuncturist, contact the BAcC on 020 8735 0400 or visit Conclusion Systematic reviews Zhang CS et al. Ear-acupressure for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2010; 35: 6-12. A systematic review that assessed the effectiveness and safety of ear-acupuncture or ear-acupressure for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. It included five randomised controlled trials No details about randomisation were given, and none of the studies used blinding or intention-to-treat analysis.

Ear-acupressure was found to be more effective than herbal medicine, and of similar effectiveness to body acupuncture or antihistamines in the short term. Also, it was more effective than antihistamines in the long term. The reviewers concluded, however, that the benefit of ear-acupressure for symptomatic relief of allergic rhinitis is unknown due to the poor quality of research. Lee MS et al. Acupuncture for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2009; 102: 269-79. A systematic review that evaluated the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating or preventing allergic rhinitis. A total of 7 randomised controlled trials were included. Three trials failed to show superiority of acupuncture for treating or preventing symptoms for seasonal allergic rhinitis compared with placebo acupuncture. One trial reported favourable effects with acupuncture on a rhinitis symptoms score, and one trial found positive results for a nasal symptoms score compared with placebo acupuncture (p=0.006). Two trials compared acupuncture with drugs given orally, and their results were in favour of acupuncture.

The reviewers concluded that the evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture for the symptomatic treatment or prevention of allergic rhinitis is mixed. The results for seasonal allergic rhinitis failed to show specific effects of acupuncture but, for perennial allergic rhinitis, the results provided suggestive evidence of the effectiveness of acupuncture. Xiao L et al. Systematic evaluation of the randomized controlled trials about acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of allergic rhinitis. Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion 2009; 29: 512-6. A systematic review that evaluated the clinical effect and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for allergic rhinitis Data from twelve randomised controlled trials involving a total of 1,076 patients were pooled. There were significant differences in both cure rate (p<0.00001) and marked improvement rate (p<0.00001) between acupuncture and moxibustion treatment and the routine medicine treatment for allergic rhinitis. The reviewers concluded that acupuncture and moxibustion is an effective and safe treatment for allergic rhinitis, and may have certain advantage over the routine medicine treatment.

However, no definitive conclusion can be drawn because of the low quality of research. Roberts J et al. A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis. BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2008; 8: 13. A systematic review that assessed the evidence for the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture in patients with allergic rhinitis. It included seven randomised controlled trials, five of which were of poor quality and two of which were of high quality. A meta-analysis failed to show any summary benefits of acupuncture treatment for symptom severity scores or serum IgE measures, which could not have been accounted for by chance alone. Acupuncture was not associated with any additional adverse events in the trials. The reviewers concluded that there is currently insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of acupuncture in patients with allergic rhinitis. Randomised controlled trials Brinkhaus B et al. Acupuncture in patients with allergic rhinitis: A pragmatic randomized trial. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2008; 101: 535-43.

A randomised controlled trial that assessed the effectiveness of acupuncture in addition to routine care in patients with allergic rhinitis compared with treatment with routine care alone. Patients were allocated to receive up to 15 acupuncture sessions during a period of 3 months or to a control group receiving no acupuncture. All were allowed to usual medical care. The Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and general health-related quality of life (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Of 5,237 patients, 487 were randomly assigned to acupuncture and 494 to control, and 4,256 were included in the nonrandomized acupuncture group. At 3 months, the RQLQ improved by a mean) of 1.48 in the acupuncture group and by 0.50 in the control group (p<0.001). Similarly, quality-of-life improvements were more pronounced in the acupuncture verses the control group (p<0.001). The researchers concluded that results suggest that treating patients with allergic rhinitis in routine care with additional acupuncture leads to clinically relevant and persistent benefits.

Witt CM et al. Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture in women and men with allergic rhinitis: A randomized controlled study in usual care. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009; 169: 562-71. Overall costs (direct and indirect) in the acupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Euro 763 vs. Euro 332) but this was more than balanced by the improvement in quality of life. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 17,377 per quality-adjusted life year. The researchers concluded that acupuncture, supplementary to routine care, was cost-effective according to international benchmarks,. However, because of the study design, it remains unclear whether the effects are acupuncture specific. Xue CC et al. Acupuncture for persistent allergic rhinitis: a randomised, sham-controlled trial. The Medical journal of Australia 2007; 187: 337-41. A randomised controlled trial that investigated the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in persistent allergic rhinitis. A total of 80 patients were assigned to receive real or sham acupuncture.

Participants were treated twice weekly for 8 weeks and followed up for another 12 weeks. Nasal obstruction, sneezing, rhinorrhoea and nasal itch were each self-assessed daily on a 5-point scale, and scores were aggregated weekly. The sum of the symptom scores (total nasal symptom score, TNSS) was also determined. After 8 weeks' treatment, the weekly mean difference in TNSS from baseline was greater with real acupuncture (p=0.01). It was also superior for rhinorrhoea (p<0.01) but not the other symptoms. At the end of follow-up, the superiority of real acupuncture in TNSS was still apparent (p=0.001). Moreover. it out-performed the sham group in all four individual symptom scores (p<0.05). Both real and sham acupuncture were well tolerated. The researchers concluded that the results showed that acupuncture is effective in the symptomatic treatment of perennial rhinitis. Rao YQ, Han NY. [Therapeutic effect of acupuncture on allergic rhinitis and its effects on immunologic function]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu.

2006;26(8):557-60. 150 patients were randomly assigned to receive either acupuncture (daily), auricular point pressing (twice per week) or Western medication. Short- and long-term therapeutic effects were better in the two acupuncture groups than in the medication control. Serum IgE and IL-4 levels decreased in all three groups but IFN-gamma did not significantly change. They concluded that the therapeutic effect of acupuncture involves regulating the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells and reducing IgE synthesis. Ng DK et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acupuncture for the treatment of childhood persistent allergic rhinitis. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 1242-7. A randomised controlled trial that compared active acupuncture with sham acupuncture for the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis in 72 children. Patients were allocated to active acupuncture or sham acupuncture. There were significantly lower daily rhinitis scores and more symptom-free days for the group receiving active acupuncture, during both the treatment and follow-up periods. The visual analogue scale scores for immediate improvement after treatment were also significantly better for the active acupuncture group.

There was no significant difference in the following outcome measures between the active and sham acupuncture groups: daily relief medication scores, blood eosinophil counts, serum IgE levels, and nasal eosinophil counts, except for the IgE levels before and 2 months after acupuncture.. The researchers concluded that the results showed that active acupuncture was more effective than sham acupuncture in decreasing the symptom scores for persistent allergic rhinitis and increasing the symptom-free days. No serious adverse effect was identified. Research on mechanisms for acupuncture Hui KK et al. Acupuncture, the limbic system, and the anticorrelated networks of the brain. Auton Neurosci 2010; 157: 81-90. A paper that discusses research showing that acupuncture mobilises the functionally anti-correlated networks of the brain to mediate its actions, and that the effect is dependent on the psychophysical response. The research used functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of healthy subjects to show that acupuncture stimulation evokes deactivation of a limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network, which encompasses the limbic system, as well as activation of somatosensory brain regions.

It has also been shown that the effect of acupuncture on the brain is integrated at multiple levels, down to the brainstem and cerebellum. Cheng KJ. Neuroanatomical basis of acupuncture treatment for some common illnesses. Acupunct Med 2009;27: 61-4. A review that looked at acupuncture treatment for some common conditions. It is found that, in many cases, the acupuncture points traditionally used have a neuroanatomical significance from the viewpoint of biomedicine. From this, the reviewers hypothesize that plausible mechanisms of action include intramuscular stimulation for treating muscular pain and nerve stimulation for treating neuropathies. Komori M et al. Microcirculatory responses to acupuncture stimulation and phototherapy. Anesth Analg 2009; 108: 635-40. Experimental study on rabbits in which acupuncture stimulation was directly observed to increase diameter and blood flow velocity of peripheral arterioles, enhancing local microcirculation. Kawakita K et al. Do Japanese style acupuncture and moxibustion reduce symptoms of the common cold? eCAM 2008; 5: 481-9.

A review of research into the effects of Japanese style acupuncture and moxibustion on the symptoms of the common cold. It reports that research has shown acupuncture to reduce common cold symptoms, and that acupuncture stimulation enhances natural killer cell activities and modulates the number and ratio of immune cell types. Zhao ZQ. Neural mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia. Prog Neurobiol 2008; 85: 355-75. Review article that discusses the various peripheral and central nervous system components of acupuncture anaesthesia in detail. Kavoussi B, Ross BE. The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture. Integr Cancer Ther 2007; 6: 251-7. Review article that suggests the anti-inflammatory actions of traditional and electro-acupuncture are mediated by efferent vagus nerve activation and inflammatory macrophage deactivation. Han JS. Acupuncture and endorphins. Neurosci Lett 2004; 361: 258-61. A literature review of studies relating to the release of endorphins by acupuncture. Zijlstra FJ et al. Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture.

Mediators Inflamm 2003; 12: 59-69. An article that suggests a hypothesis for anti-inflammatory action of acupuncture: Insertion of acupuncture needles initially stimulates production of beta-endorphins, CGRP and substance P, leading to further stimulation of cytokines and NO. While high levels of CGRP have been shown to be pro-inflammatory, CGRP in low concentrations exerts potent anti-inflammatory actions. Therefore, a frequently applied 'low-dose' treatment of acupuncture could provoke a sustained release of CGRP with anti-inflammatory activity, without stimulation of pro-inflammatory cells. Pomeranz B. Scientific basis of acupuncture. In: Stux G, Pomeranz B, eds. Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1987: 1-18. Needle activation of A delta and C afferent nerve fibres in muscle sends signals to the spinal cord, where dynorphin and enkephalins are released. Afferent pathways continue to the midbrain, triggering excitatory and inhibitory mediators in spinal cord.

Ensuing release of serotonin and norepinephrine onto the spinal cord leads to pain transmission being inhibited both pre- and postsynaptically in the spinothalamic tract. Finally, these signals reach the hypothalamus and pituitary, triggering release of adrenocorticotropic hormones and beta-endorphin. Hay Fever | Rhinitis Symptoms, Diagnosis, Management & Treatment Rhinitis Treatment & Management Once specific allergens are diagnosed, your allergist / immunologist will work with you to develop a plan to avoid allergens that trigger your symptoms. For example, if you are allergic to dust mites or indoor mold, you will want to take steps to reduce these allergens in your house as much as possible. For outdoor allergies such as pollen, avoidance measures include limiting outdoor activities during times of high pollen counts. The National Allergy BureauTM (NAB) provides the most accurate and reliable pollen and mold levels from approximately 80 counting stations throughout the United States, two counting stations in Canada and two counting stations in Argentina. Immunotherapy (allergy shots) is a proven treatment approach providing long-term relief for many people suffering from allergic rhinitis.

Another form of allergy immunotherapy was recently approved in the United States called sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) allergy tablets . Rather than shots, allergy tablets involve administering the allergens under the tongue generally on a daily basis. Your allergist might prescribe medication to decrease allergic rhinitis symptoms. These medications may include nasal corticosteroid sprays, antihistamine pills, nasal antihistamine sprays or decongestant pills. A complete list of medications used to treat allergies can be found in the AAAAI Drug Guide . The treatment options for non-allergic rhinitis include nasal corticosteroids, nasal antihistamines and nasal saline formulations.. If there is a lot of runny nose, ipratropium nasal spray can provide relief. If nasal congestion is a major problem, decongestant pills or sprays can be used, but the nasal decongestant sprays should not be used for more than four days unless they are used in conjunction with a nasal corticosteroid spray. The majority of allergy medications for seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) work best if started before tree pollen is in the air each spring and allergy symptoms develop.

If you start taking allergy medications before you first come into contact with spring allergens, the medication can prevent the release of histamine and other chemicals. As a result, allergy symptoms are prevented from developing or are much less severe. Mobile Pollen App now available! Visit pollen.aaaai.org from your iPhone, iPad, BlackBerry or Android and add this app to your home screen. Look to the experts The AAAAI's Find an Allergist / Immunologist service is a trusted resource to help you find a specialist close to home. From the Library Allergic Rhinitis: Hay Fever and Seasonal Allergies Credits What is allergic rhinitis? Allergic rhinitis , often called allergies or hay fever , occurs when your immune system overreacts to particles in the air that you breathe-you are allergic to them. Your immune system attacks the particles in your body, causing symptoms such as sneezing and a runny nose . The particles are called allergens , which simply means they can cause an allergic reaction . People with allergies usually have symptoms for many years. You may have symptoms often during the year, or just at certain times. You also may get other problems such as sinusitis and ear infections as a result of your allergies .

Over time, allergens may begin to affect you less, and your symptoms may not be as severe as they had been. What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis? In most cases, when you have allergic rhinitis: You sneeze again and again, especially after you wake up in the morning. You have a runny nose and postnasal drip . The drainage from a runny nose caused by allergies is usually clear and thin. But it may become thicker and cloudy or yellowish if you get a nasal or sinus infection . Your eyes are watery and itchy. Your ears, nose, and throat are itchy. Which allergens commonly cause allergic rhinitis? You probably know that pollens from trees, grasses, and weeds cause allergic rhinitis. Many people have allergies to dust mites , animal dander , cockroaches, and mold as well. Things in the workplace, such as cereal grain, wood dust, chemicals, or lab animals, can also cause allergic rhinitis. If you are allergic to pollens, you may have symptoms only at certain times of the year. If you are allergic to dust mites and indoor allergens, you may have symptoms all the time.

How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed? To find out if you have allergies, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and examine you. Knowing what symptoms you have, when you get them, and what makes them worse or better can help your doctor know whether you have allergies or another problem. If you have severe symptoms, you may need to have allergy tests to find out what you are allergic to. Your doctor may do a skin test. In this test your doctor puts a small amount of an allergen into your skin to see if it causes an allergic reaction . Your doctor may order lab tests. These tests look for substances that put you at risk for allergies. Continued How is it treated? There is no cure for allergic rhinitis. One of the best things you can do is to avoid the things that cause your allergies. You may need to clean your house often to get rid of dust, animal dander, or molds. Or you may need to stay indoors when pollen counts are high. Unless you have another health problem, such as asthma , you may take over-the-counter medicines to treat your symptoms at home. If you do have another problem, talk to your doctor first.

Others who also should talk to their doctor before starting self-treatment include older adults, children, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding . If your allergies bother you a lot and you cannot avoid the things you are allergic to, immunotherapy (such as allergy shots ) may help prevent or reduce your symptoms. To have this treatment, you first need to know what you are allergic to. Finding the treatment that works best for you may take a little time. WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.© 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. Pagination Hay Fever | Rhinitis AAAAI Share | Rhinitis (Hay Fever) Do you suffer from frequent sneezing, congestion or stuffiness and an itchy or runny nose? If so, you may have a condition called rhinitis . There are two types of rhinitis: allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis.

Allergic Rhinitis Allergic rhinitis is caused by allergens like molds, pollen and animals. These are substances which are usually harmless, but can cause allergic reactions in certain people. Allergy symptoms are the result of a chain reaction that starts in the immune system. Your immune system controls how your body defends itself. For instance, if you have an allergy to pollen, your immune system identifies pollen as an invader or allergen. Your immune system overreacts by producing antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies travel to cells that release histamine and other chemicals, causing an allergic reaction with symptoms such as sneezing, stuffiness, a runny nose, itching and post-nasal drip. People with allergic rhinitis are also prone to itchy, watery eyes (from allergic conjunctivitis or eye allergies), and they may be more sensitive to irritants such as smoke, perfume or cold, dry air. Rhinitis can contribute to other problems such as asthma, sinus or ear conditions, or trouble sleeping. Allergic Rhinitis Triggers Seasonal allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is triggered by outdoor allergens such as pollen and mold spores.

Some people have symptoms year-round due to indoor allergens from pets, mold, dust mites and cockroach residue. This is called perennial allergic rhinitis. You can suffer from either seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis, or a combination of both. Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis An allergist/immunologist, often referred to as an allergist, has specialized training and experience to determine which allergens, if any, are causing your symptoms. Your allergist will take a detailed health history, perform a physical exam and then most likely test you for allergies. Skin tests show the results within 20 minutes. These results, as well as how frequent and bad your symptoms are, will be considered when developing a treatment plan. Steps to manage your symptoms may include avoiding the allergens you are allergic to, medications or allergy immunotherapy (allergy shots or tablets). Treatment and Management of Allergic Rhinitis The first step to manage this condition is to avoid allergens that cause symptoms. For instance, if you are allergic to dust mites, it is important to take steps to prevent exposure to dust mites, such as frequently washing bed linens in hot water. The same is true for outdoor allergens.

Limiting your exposure during times of high pollen and mold counts may help reduce symptoms. Sometimes taking steps to avoid allergens isn’t possible or it isn’t enough to control allergic rhinitis symptoms. That is when your allergist may suggest allergy immunotherapy or recommend medications to control inflammation and prevent symptoms. Nasal corticosteroid sprays control inflammation and reduce all symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including itching, sneezing, runny nose and stuffiness. Antihistamines in the form of liquid, pills or nasal sprays block histamine and may relieve itching, sneezing and runny nose. But they may not be as effective in reducing nasal stuffiness. Anti-leukotrienes in pill form can decrease the symptoms of allergic rhinitis in some people. Decongestant pills or nasal sprays can be used as needed if nasal stuffiness is not relieved with other medications. Decongestant nasal sprays should not be used for more than three days because they can cause your congestion to return and worsen. Ipratropium nasal spray can be used specifically for a runny nose.

Even though some of these medications are available over-the-counter, you should still work with your allergist to discover what medications work best for you. More importantly, an allergist can screen you for allergic asthma, which is common for rhinitis patients. Your allergist may also recommend allergy immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots or tablets. This treatment involves receiving injections or taking tablets periodically over a period of three to five years. They have been proven effective in decreasing sensitivity to allergens, sometimes permanently. Non-Allergic Rhinitis Many people with rhinitis symptoms do not have allergies. If you have non-allergic rhinitis, avoiding allergens is unnecessary and won’t help your symptoms. This highlights the need to visit an allergist to determine what you are or are not allergic to. Non-allergic rhinitis usually begins in adults and causes year-round symptoms, especially a runny nose and nasal stuffiness. Strong odors, pollution, weather changes, smoke and other irritants may cause symptoms of non-allergic rhinitis. Non-allergic rhinitis symptoms can also develop as side effects of medications, including some blood pressure medicines, oral contraceptives or medications used for erectile dysfunction.

Another type of non-allergic rhinitis is caused by nasal decongestant sprays such as oxymetazoline, when used for long periods of time. This type of medication-induced rhinitis is called rhinitis medicamentosa. Treatment of Non-Allergic Rhinitis Oral antihistamines and anti-leukotriene drugs generally do not benefit non-allergic rhinitis. However, treatment options include nasal corticosteroid sprays and nasal antihistamine sprays. Ipratropium nasal spray can relieve a runny nose and decongestant pills can be used as needed to relieve nasal stuffiness. Other forms of treatment may be considered if you have problems with the structure of your nose, such as narrow drainage passages, tumors or a shifted nasal septum (the bone and cartilage that separate the right from the left nostril). In these cases, an operation may be needed. Healthy Tips • There are two forms of rhinitis: allergic and non-allergic. This distinction is important in order to provide the best plan for controlling your symptoms. • The allergic form of rhinitis can be caused by outdoor allergens such as pollen and mold spores.

This is referred to as seasonal allergic rhinitis or hay fever. Allergic rhinitis can also be caused by indoor allergens such as dust mites or pets. This is called perennial allergic rhinitis, as symptoms are usually year-round. • Steps to treat allergic rhinitis include trigger avoidance, medications for inflammation and symptom relief, and immunotherapy (allergy shots and tablets). Treating non-allergic rhinitis may include symptom relieving medication. Operations to correct your nasal structure may also be necessary. Feel Better. Live Better. An allergist / immunologist, often referred to as an allergist, is a pediatrician or internist with at least two additional years of specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies, asthma, immune deficiencies and other immunologic diseases. By visiting the office of an allergist, you can expect an accurate diagnosis, a treatment plan that works and educational information to help you manage your disease and feel better. The AAAAI's Find an Allergist / Immunologist service is a trusted resource to help you find a specialist close to home.

Hay Fever Treatment, Home Remedies & Symptoms Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. Medical Editor: John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP John P. Cunha, DO, is a U.S. board-certified Emergency Medicine Physician. Dr. Cunha's educational background includes a BS in Biology from Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, and a DO from the Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences in Kansas City, MO. He completed residency training in Emergency Medicine at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey. The best way to treat an allergy condition is to identify the allergic trigger and avoid it.

Allergists are medical specialists trained in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies , including hay fever. Histamine is a key chemical cause of allergic rhinitis and other allergic reactions. Effective treatment is available in many forms, including medications and desensitization therapy ( immunotherapy ). Antihistamines are the drugs most commonly used to treat allergic rhinitis. What is hay fever? What are hay fever symptoms and signs? Share Your Story Hay fever affects up to 30% of all people worldwide, including up to 10% of U.S. children under 17 years of age and 7.8% of U.S. adults. The medical cost of allergic rhinitis is approximately $3.4 billion, mostly due to the cost of prescription medications. These figures are probably an underestimate because many of those affected may attribute their discomfort to a chronic cold . Although childhood hay fever tends to be more common, this condition can occur at any age and usually occurs after years of repeated inhalation of allergic substances. The incidence of allergic disease has dramatically increased in the U.S. and other developed countries over recent decades. "Hay fever" is a misnomer.

Hay is not a usual cause of this problem, and it does not cause fever. Early descriptions of sneezing, nasal congestion , and eye irritation while harvesting field hay promoted this popular term. Allergic rhinitis is the correct term used to describe this allergic reaction , and many different substances cause the allergic symptoms noted in hay fever. Rhinitis means "inflammation of the nose" and is a derivative of rhino, meaning nose. Allergic rhinitis that occurs during a specific season is called "seasonal allergic rhinitis." When it occurs throughout the year, it is called "perennial allergic rhinitis." Rhinosinusitis is the medical term that refers to inflammation of the nasal lining as well as the lining tissues of the sinuses. This term is sometimes used because the two conditions frequently occur together. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, frequently include nasal congestion, a runny nose with clear mucus, sneezing, nose, eye itching , and excess tear production in the eyes. Postnasal dripping of clear mucus frequently causes a cough . Loss of the sense of smell is common, and loss of taste sense occurs occasionally. Nose bleeding may occur if the condition is severe.

Eye itching , redness, and excess tears in the eyes frequently accompany the nasal symptoms. The eye symptoms are referred to as " allergic conjunctivitis " (inflammation of the whites of the eyes). These allergic symptoms often interfere with one's quality of life and overall health. Many people with allergies have difficulty with social and physical activities. For example, concentration is often difficult while experiencing allergic rhinitis symptoms. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 10/7/2016

Question: The condition of seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known by what name?
Answer: Hayfever