Israeli 1972 Olympic Team Murdered in Munich Israeli 1972 Olympic Team Murdered in Munich Israeli 1972 Olympic Team Murdered in Munich Who murdered the athletes of the Israeli 1972 Olympic Team in Munich? A closer look at the history of Israel-Palestine conflict reveals that both the parties have done horrendous acts of terror in order to achieve their political and military goals. On September 5, 1972, five Palestinian Arabs entered the Olympic Village in Munich, Germany and were joined by three others who had gained access to the village through some means. In the 24 hours that followed, a German policeman and eleven Israelis were killed along with five Arabs. The attackers made nine Israelis hostage and demanded the release of 234 Arab prisoners from Israeli jails and two Arabs imprisoned in Frankfurt. Their demands also included giving them a safe passage out of Germany. The negotiations went on for hours between the German authorities and the Arabs after which a deal was made. The Arabs were taken to the NATO air base in Firstenfeldbruck by bus. Two helicopters were arranged there to take them to the plane which was scheduled to leave for Cairo.

However, the deal was a part of rescue operation as German sharpshooters were positioned on the air base with orders to shoot the kidnappers without targeting the hostages. In what turned out to be the most dramatic and shocking act of violence, all of hostages in two helicopters were shot down in an exchange of fire between Arabs and the Germans. German police captured three of the attackers and held them in Germany. These attackers were later released when the Palestinians hijacked a Lufthansa jet on October 29 and demanded the release of prisoners of Munich incident. The attack on the Olympic Village is said to be carried out by Fatah on the orders of PLO’s leader, Yasser Arafat . However, it was later revealed that the attackers actually belonged to a group called Black September which was a faction working independently from PLO. This extremist group was of the view that PLO is not working fast enough to liberate Palestine, so it was showing off its image as a part of PLO only to damage its international standing and political interests. Israel retaliated to this incident on a more massive level.

Only three days later, Israel launched an air strike with a launch of around 75 aircraft, the largest one since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. Moreover, fighter bombers targeted Palestinians guerrilla members in Syria and Lebanon which killed nearly 66 while many other were badly injured. Besides this, three Syrian planes were also destroyed over the Golan Heights. All this action was called upon by the Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir who gave the instructions to kill the Palestinians who were involved in the Munich attack. These operations were called Operation Wrath of God and Operation Spring of Youth where the suspected Palestinians were spotted and killed by Israeli intelligence agency Mossad, but historians object that it mainly picked innocent civilians to unleash a new wave on terror in Palestine.

29 thoughts on “Israeli 1972 Olympic Team Murdered in Munich” Ayan says: Eleven Israeli athletes and coaches killed in Munich massacre | World History Project Sep 5 1972 4:30AM to Sep 6 1972 12:04AM Eleven Israeli athletes and coaches killed in Munich massacre The Munich massacre is an informal name for events occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage and eventually murdered by Black September, a militant group with ties to Yasser Arafat’s Fatah organization. By the end of the ordeal, the terrorist group had killed eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and one West German police officer. Five of the eight members of Black September were killed by police officers during an abortive rescue attempt. The three surviving terrorists were captured, and were later released by West Germany following the hijacking by Black September of a Lufthansa airliner, a release that led to speculation that West Germany helped stage the hijacking. Israel responded to the massacre with Operation Spring of Youth and Operation Wrath of God, a series of airstrikes and assassinations of those suspected of planning the killings.

Source: Wikipedia Added by: Jabril Faraj Related Topics Documentary sheds new light on killing of 11 Israelis at 1972 Munich Olympics - LA Times Documentary sheds new light on killing of 11 Israelis at 1972 Munich Olympics Munich Massacre Kurt Strumph / Associated Press A terrorist appears on a terrace at the Olympic village in Munich in 1972, when 11 Israelis were killed. A terrorist appears on a terrace at the Olympic village in Munich in 1972, when 11 Israelis were killed. (Kurt Strumph / Associated Press) Helene Elliott Contact Reporter It started with a small idea, to create a documentary about architects' visions for expressing the intangible emotions of sorrow and respect in the form of a memorial to the 11 Israelis killed by terrorists at the 1972 Munich Olympics. For years, the International Olympic Committee had refused to pay tribute to the victims, an egregious snub. But the ascent to the presidency of Germany's Thomas Bach, a former fencer who had known some of the athletes, thawed relations between the IOC and the victims' families and set the stage to build a memorial near the site of the killings.

The IOC pledged $250,000 and scheduled a tribute during the Rio de Janeiro Games to honor all Olympians who have died, including the 11 athletes and coaches killed in Munich. See the most-read stories in Sports this hour >> Read the story It was a miracle as was the cooperation among the IOC, Bavarian and German government agencies and Israeli officials. Los Angeles attorney David Ulich and psychologist/author Dr. Steven Ungerleider, who have worked with the IOC and U.S. Olympic Committee and are on the board of the Foundation for Global Sports Development, were struck by the spirit of conciliation after Bach invited them to attend meetings involving architects and diplomats. Their idea to use architecture as a jumping-off point to tell their story soon turned into something bigger.

"We realized that we had to tell the back story a little bit as part of the film," Ulich said, "but the bottom line is we ended up doing a short documentary from the victims' families' perspective." The result is "Munich '72 and Beyond," a 44-minute film that details the families' persistent fight for knowledge about what happened Sept, 5, 1972, and their battle for the IOC to officially acknowledge their loved ones as members of the Olympic community. The film was co-produced by Ulich and Ungerleider and directed by documentarian Stephen Crisman. Michael Cascio was the executive producer. It was funded in part by the Los-Angeles based Foundation for Global Sports Development, which also contributed to the cost of the memorial. The film has been screened in Brazil and at film festivals in the United States, and discussions to bring it to Los Angeles are continuing. In addition, Ungerleider said that PBS recently bought it for domestic and national distribution. Ground was broken for the memorial last November but delays have pushed back its opening until early next year.

Trailer for the documentary film 'Munich '72 and Beyond' Forty-three years after the terrorist attack at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, a memorial honoring the 11 Israeli athletes and coaches killed in the attack is finally being constructed in Munich. Forty-three years after the terrorist attack at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, a memorial honoring the 11 Israeli athletes and coaches killed in the attack is finally being constructed in Munich. See more videos The aim of "Munich '72 and Beyond" is to give voice to those whose pleas for recognition went ignored for decades and provide a unique perspective on the terrorism that shocked the world when it unfolded on international television 44 years ago, foreshadowing the brutality that has become a part of our fears and our world on a sadly regular basis. "I was surprised and naïve, thinking I knew the whole story," Ungerleider said. "I had read all the books and had seen the [ Steven] Spielberg movie." Spielberg's 2005 film "Munich" detailed the Israeli government's covert retaliation against the Black September group terrorists who kidnapped and murdered the Israeli athletes and team officials.

"I thought I knew all of the gems and the skeletons and all that. Lo and behold, I didn't." Among those interviewed for the documentary was 90-year-old Zvi Zamir, former chief of the Mossad, Israel's national intelligence agency. The country's top government officials sent Zamir to Munich as an observer hours after the massacre. "We heard some pretty amazing stories about what happened, firsthand," Ungerleider said. Family members discussed files shared with them by the Bavarian officials more than 20 years later but not made public. Within those files were pathology reports, information on the rescue effort that was botched by German police and photographs of the scene. Photos from the 1972 Summer Games in Munich, where 11 Israeli athletes and coaches were killed by Palestinian militants. The repression of vital files was eerily familiar to Ungerleider, who gained access to archives compiled by the Stasi — East Germany's secret police force — to write the book "Faust's Gold," which documented East Germany's government-backed doping of athletes in the 1970s and '80s. "It was a shocker, but it shouldn't have been," he said of the long-hidden Munich documents.

"The German government held it close. The Mossad was sort of in on it. They knew it and they were kind of afraid to share these things because they were pretty gruesome." Interviews and other material that couldn't fit into the documentary will be preserved in the memorial. "It's in a garden area," Ungerleider said, "sort of a grassy knoll with beautiful trees, and 100 yards to the East is the Olympic Stadium and 100 yards to the West is the apartments where the Israelis were murdered. "So while you're there, observing and reading and interacting with interactive video and educational materials about the athletes, you can look either way and experience the trauma and the memory of this event." Follow Helene Elliott on Twitter: @helenenothelen Background & Overview: Munich Olympic Massacre | Jewish Virtual Library Munich Olympic Massacre: Tweet It was 4:30 in the morning on Sept. 5, 1972, when five Palestinian terrorists wearing track sweat suits climbed the six-foot six-inch fence surrounding the Olympic Village. Although they were seen by several people, no one thought anything was unusual since athletes routinely hopped the fence; moreover, the terrorists' weapons were hidden in athletic bags.

These five were met by three more men who are presumed to have obtained credentials to enter the village. The Palestinians then used stolen keys to enter two apartments being used by the Israeli team at 31 Connollystraße. Israeli wrestling referee Yossef Gutfreund heard a faint scratching noise at the door of the first apartment. When he investigated, he saw the door begin to open and masked men with guns on the other side. He shouted “Hevre tistalku!” ( Hebrew : "Guys, get out of here!") and threw his nearly 300-lb. (135-kg) weight against the door to try to stop the Palestinians from forcing their way in. In the confusion, coach Tuvia Sokolovsky and race-walker Dr. Shaul Ladany escaped and another four athletes, plus the two team doctors and delegation head Shmuel Lalkin, managed to hide. Wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg, attacked the kidnappers as the hostages were being moved from one apartment to another, allowing one of his wrestlers, Gad Tsobari, to escape. The burly Weinberg knocked one of the intruders unconscious and stabbed another with a fruit knife before being shot to death.

Weightlifter and father of three Yossef Romano, 31, also attacked and wounded one of the intruders before being killed. The Arabs then succeeded in rounding up nine Israelis to hold as hostages. At 9:30, the terrorists announced that they were Palestinians and demanded that Israel release 200 Arab prisoners and that the terrorists be given safe passage out of Germany. The Palestinians were led by Luttif Afif (“Issa”), his deputy Yusuf Nazzal (“Tony”), and junior members Afif Ahmed Hamid (“Paolo”), Khalid Jawad (“Salah”), Ahmed Chic Thaa (“Abu Halla”), Mohammed Safady (“Badran”), Adnan Al-Gashey (“Denawi”), and his cousin Jamal Al-Gashey (“Samir”).

(Top, L-R): Moshe Weinberg; Yossef Romano; Yossef Gutfreund; David Berger (Second Row): Yacov Springer; Ze'ev Friedman; Amitzur Shapira; Eliezer Halfin (Third Row): Mark Slavin; Andre Spitzer; Kehat Shorr After hours of tense negotiations, the Palestinians, who it was later learned belonged to a PLO faction called Black September, agreed to a plan whereby they were to be taken by helicopter to the NATO air base at Firstenfeldbruck where they would be given an airplane to fly them and their hostages to Cairo. The Israelis were then taken by bus to the helicopters and flown to the airfield. In the course of the transfer, the Germans discovered that there were eight terrorists instead of the five they expected and realized that they had not assigned enough marksmen to carry out the plan to kill the terrorists at the airport. After the helicopters landed at the air base around 10:30 p.m., the German sharpshooters attempted to kill the terrorists and a bloody firefight ensued.

At 11, the media was mistakenly informed that the hostages had been saved and the news was announced to a relieved Israeli public. Almost an hour later, however, new fighting broke out and one of the helicopters holding the Israelis was blown up by a terrorist grenade. The remaining nine hostages in the second helicopter were shot to death by one of the surviving terrorists. At 3 a.m., a drawn and teary-eyed Jim McKay, who had been reporting the drama throughout the day as part of ABC's Olympic coverage, announced: “They're all gone.” In July 2012, German magazine Der Spiegel reported that Germany had in fact been warned about the possibility of a Palestinian terrorist attack at the Games but took no actions to secure the Olympic Village. Five of the terrorists were killed along with one policeman, and three were captured. A little over a month later, on Oct. 29, a Lufthansa jet was hijacked by terrorists demanding that the Munich killers be released. The destroyed helicopters on the runway in Munich The Germans capitulated and the terrorists were let go, but an Israeli assassination squad was assigned to track them down along with those responsible for planning the massacre.

According to George Jonas in Vengeance: The True Story of an Israeli Counter-Terrorist Team , eight of the 11 men targeted for death were killed. Of the remaining three, one died of natural causes and the other two were assassinated, but it is not known for sure if they were killed by Israeli agents. The elevent terrorists on the list were: - Kamal Adwan: Chief of sabotage operations for Al Fatah in the disputed territories - Hussein Abad Al-Chir: PLO contact with KGB in Cyprus - Mohammed Boudia: Linked with European PLO - Abu Daoud: Admitted member of the Black September Organization - Dr. Wadi Haddad: Chief terrorist linked with Dr. George Habash - Mohmoud Mahshari: PLO member and coordinator of Munich incident - Kamal Nassir: Official PLO spokesman and member of the PLO Executive Committee - Dr.

Basil Paoud Al-Kubaisi: Responsible for logistics within the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) The Jonas book was the basis for two movies about Munich, “The Sword of Gideon ” and Steven Spielberg's 2006 Oscar nominee, “Munich.” In the subsequent publicity about Spielberg's film, reports have discredited the account in Jonas, which was largely based on what the author was told by a former self-described Mossad agent, Juval Aviv, who claimed he was the leader of the assassination team. In fact, journalists Yossi Melman and Steven Hartov found that “Aviv never served in Mossad, or any Israeli intelligence organization. He had failed basic training as an Israeli Defence Force commando, and his nearest approximation to spy work was as a lowly gate guard for the airline El Al in New York in the early 70s.” In contrast to the account of “Operation Wrath of God” offered by Jonas, Mossad agents have told reporters subsequently that no one team was sent to kill a specific list of terrorists. Meanwhile, the mastermind of the massacre remained at large.

Abu Daoud was shot thirteen times on July 27, 1981 in a Warsaw hotel coffee shop, but survived the attack. Daoud was allowed safe passage through Israel in 1996 so he could go to a PLO meeting convened in the Gaza Strip to rescind an article in its charter that called for Israel's eradication. In 1999, Abu Daoud admitted his role in the massacre in his autobiography, Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist . Daoud, who lived with his wife on a pension provided by the Palestinian Authority , claimed his commandos never intended to harm the athletes and blamed their deaths on the German police and the stubbornness of then-Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir . On December 27, 2005, Daoud reiterated that he had no regrets about his involvement in the Munich attack, and that Steven Spielberg's new film about the incident would not deliver reconciliation. Daoud died of kidney failure at age 73 on July 3, 2010, in Damascus.

Bassam Abu Sharif, a member of the PFLP at the time, said the motive for the operation in Munich was to attract publicity for the Palestinian cause and to win the release of Palestinian prisoners. The massacre of 11 Israeli athletes was not considered sufficiently serious to merit canceling or postponing the Olympics. “Incredibly, they're going on with it,” Jim Murray of the Los Angeles Times wrote at the time. “It's almost like having a dance at Dachau .” On December 1, 2015, new information about the Munich massacre was released to the public for the first time via an article in the New York Times. The article shed light on long-hidden details from that day, and included interviews with Ilana Romano and Ankie Spitzer, who were both widowed following the attack. Among the most horrific new details revealed was that Yossef Romano, Ilana Romano's husband, was beaten and brutally castrated by the terrorists while the Israelis were being held hostage.

Most of these specific and gory details about the tragedy were not revealed to the victims families until September 1992, when the German government released hundreds of pages of reports on the attack and photographs of the crime scenes that they had previously claimed did not exist. Ilana Romano and Ankie Spitzer attended a memorial ceremony in their husband's honor on August 3, 2016, in Rio de Janiero, Brazil, the host city of the 2016 Olympic Games. The ceremony, led by the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), Thomas Bach, was followed by one minute of silence in the Olympic village to honor the murdered Israeli athletes. In addition to the remembrance ceremony, the IOC inaugurated a new tradition in honor of the athletes; a place of mourning to be established at every future olympics in the olympic village. Ankie Spitzer told reporters that, “This is closure for us. This is incredibly important.

We waited 44 years to have this remembrance.” Munich (2005) - Plot Summary - IMDb Munich (2005) Plot Summary Showing all 5 plot summaries After Black September's assassination of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics in 1972, Prime Minister Golda Meir okays a black-box operation to hunt down and kill all involved. A team of five gathers in Switzerland led by Avner, a low-level Mossad techie whose father was a war hero and whose wife is pregnant. It's an expendable team, but relying on paid informants, they track and kill several in Europe and Lebanon. They must constantly look over their shoulders for the CIA, KGB, PLO, and their own sources. As the body count mounts -- with retribution following retribution -- so do questions, doubts, and sleepless nights. Loyalties blur. What does it mean to be a Jew?

- Written by <jhailey@hotmail.com> In September 1972, Palestinian terrorists, posing as athletes, are able to infiltrate the relatively unsecured athlete's village at the Summer Olympic Games in Munich, where they take Israeli athletes and coaches hostages, the release of who they consider illegally held Arab prisoners in Israel the requested ransom. Because the Israeli government refuses to negotiate, the terrorists, who end up being referred to as Black September, end up killing eleven of those hostages. Beyond the official Israeli response to the massacre, the Israeli government forms a covert team whose mission is to assassinate those eleven they see as responsible that are living in the western world. This team will have no official ties to the government or Mossad, including to their official unofficial handler, Ephraim. Although not an obvious choice on the surface, they choose as as head of this disparate five man team Avner Kaufman, a Mossad agent, former bodyguard to Prime Minister Golda Meir and son of a respected Israeli military leader. As the team goes about their mission, they agree to disagree about many aspects of what they are doing, including its purpose and what collateral damage is considered acceptable.

They also have to alter plans based on the reaction by the Arab to their killings. Avner and the team will learn that the lines between who is considered a friend and an enemy can often be blurred. - Written by Huggo During the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, eleven Israeli athletes are taken hostage and murdered by a Palestinian terrorist group known as Black September. In retaliation, the Israeli government recruits a group of Mossad agents to track down and execute those responsible for the attack. - Written by Anonymous In the wake of 1972 Munich Olympic tragedy, the Mossad retaliates by deploying a team of agents (led by Avner) in Europe to assassinate Palestinian terrorist leaders suspected of planning the attack, which left eleven Israeli athletes dead. - Written by Anonymous Based on the true story of the Black September aftermath, about the five men chosen to eliminate the ones responsible for that fateful day. Munich Massacre: Photos From the Terror Attack at the 1972 Olympics On the anniversary of the 'Munich Massacre' at the 1972 Summer Olympics, LIFE.com presents photos that capture the fear and tension that defined those 21 hours.

“They’re all gone.” For millions of people who recall the slaughter unleashed by Palestinian terrorists at the 1972 Olympics in Munich , those words are indelible. They were spoken by ABC’s Jim Mckay—the man behind the famous “thrill of victory, agony of defeat” introduction to the network’s long-running show, Wide World of Sports—when he learned that Israeli athletes and coaches taken hostage by terrorists from the group Black September had been murdered. McKay, a sportscaster who assumed the duties of a news anchor as one of the most shocking events of the 1970s unfolded on live TV, acquitted himself with unforgettable grace and intelligence as the story grew more abominable with each passing hour. In fact, the simple, unadorned way that McKay reported the news that the Israeli hostages had, in fact, been killed still resonates today, four decades after the event: “When I was a kid,” McKay began, in a strangely, comfortingly conversational tone, when he got word of what had happened, “my father used to say, ‘Our greatest hopes and our worst fears are seldom realized.’ Our worst fears have been realized tonight.

They have now said there were eleven hostages; two were killed in their rooms yesterday morning, nine were killed at the airport tonight. They’re all gone.” Mega Essays - Munich Olympics Review of Literature on 1972 Munich Olympic Terrorim Review of Literature: 1972 Munich Olympic Terrorist AttackOn the morning of 5 September 1972 eight members of the Palestinian group Black September broke into two apartment buildings in the Munich Olympic village that housed the Israeli Olympic team. In the process of Black Septembers' storming of t... Wordcount: 533 Munich Olympics of 1972 "Violent clashes of political and religious ideologies are a disturbing reality of our world." So states Joe Garner in his book We Interrupt This Broadcast. However, there is an island of peace amidst this ocean of political and religious conflict every four years. This island, the summer Olympics, ... Wordcount: 2148 munich massacre Munich MassacreAs soon as Ilana Romana heard about the situation in Munich, she expected the worst: “I knew who he was. He would not sit quietly. He was not the type.

I knew it would end badly.” She spoke of her husband, and, unfortunately, her prediction was correct. Earlier that day, ... Wordcount: 1357 Terrorism And Security in the Olympics Terrorism and Security in the OlympicsSecurity is a fundamental notion in sports. Nowadays athletes are viewed often through the media, therefore they are recognizable. In the Olympics security measures must be taken to protect the athletes. There are many different nationalities involved therefor... Wordcount: 1165 The Olympics OlympicsThe modern Oplympic Game, first held in 1896, in Athens, Greece.The first modern Olmpic Gmaes were inspired by British schoolmaster, organized bby a Frenchman, and held in greece.An arena was built on the foundations of the long-vanished Panathenaic Stadium, and the ... Wordcount: 423 Without Limits Without Limits - Movie Review Words - 1,111The movie Without Limits takes place in Munich Germany during the 1972 Olympics. This movie is about hopes, dreams, and ambitions.

During the late '60s and early '70s, Steve Prefontaine single-handedly revitalized the sport of track transforming it fro... Wordcount: 1118 Black September and the 1972 Olympics Twelve months in a year. October and November are filled with cold winds and cloud cover as the winter draws near. December, January, and February, are times for enjoying family and friends in the comfort of your home while in front of a roaring fire. March, April, and May bring hope of the summer, ... Wordcount: 2151 Terrorism in the Modern world Terrorism. It is a word that strikes fear into many. Terrorism has been around since the beginning of time, and has caused empires to rise, fall, and allowed people to gain power. Terrorism is a growing problem in this unstable world. A simple act of terrorism can cause tensions to break between two... Wordcount: 1816 1970 Sports The 1970's, like any other past years, included a decade of memorable sports highlights and record-breaking feats.

Some of these feats were thought to be unbreakable, but in later years, those theories were proven dead wrong.One of the first major sports accomplishments in the 70's was Mark Spitz w... Wordcount: 565 Badminton The invention of Badminton originates back to at least two thousand years ago, where is was a combination of the games battledore and shuttlecock played in ancient Greece, India, and China. "It is known that around 1860, the daughters of the Duke of Beutfort were playing Battledore and Shuttlecock i... Wordcount: 1066 Stalingrad Throughout the years, the world has seen many conflicts erupt from religious differences. These problems, which have been as small as involving five people, or as big as involving 2 million people, have set the tone for the upcoming 21st century. It is apparent that everyone has his or her own set o... Wordcount: 1271 Comparing Culture - Germany and America When many people think of Germany, the first thing that often comes to mind is its dark history, including the Nazi Regime that ruled during World War II.

However, much has changed since then, and Germany today is one of the centerpieces of the European Union and economy. Today, the German economy, ... Wordcount: 573 Good and Evil in Macbeth Good and Evil in Humanity and MacbethA major component of all human societies has been the existence of religion. In all of these religions the concepts of good and evil have been present. The reason for this is because man has constantly been in a struggle with internal and external pressures about... Wordcount: 1733 WW2 Timeline 1918 Nov 11 - World War One ends with German defeat. 1919 April 28 - League of Nations founded. June 28 - Signing of the Treaty of Versailles. 1921 July 29 - Adolf Hitler becomes leader of National Socialist 'Nazi' Party. 1923 Nov 8/9 - The Beer Hall Putsch. 1925 July 18 - Hitler's book "Mein Kampf"...

Wordcount: 463 Origin of Israeli Conflict Palestinian Conflict ReportThe origin of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can be traced back to the Balfour declaraition by Great Britain in 1917. Ironically the declaration called for the establishment of an independent Jewish state within Palestine, as long as the civil liberties of existing inha... Wordcount: 2531 Comparing Adolf Hitler to Sadam Hussein The Parallelism of Hitler and Hussein In 1935, the World War II began. Along with it came hatred. The strongest hatred was that of Adolf Hitler towards those of Jewish descent. He traced a person's lineage back to previous centuries. If there was one member of that person's family of Jewish desc... Wordcount: 1001 Terrorism History The act of terrorism can be traced back to the 1st century A.D. when Jewish rebel groups, known as Zealots, attacked Roman soldiers and destroyed Roman property (History 2005). The term assassin dates to 1090-1275, when a Shi'ite Muslim sect, known as Nizari Isma'ilis, fought Sunni Muslims and duri...

Wordcount: 3758 The middle east and conflict there in. The Jews, one of the most frequently persecuted and discriminated against groups in the world, have possessed a strong desire to return to their Holy Land and create a homogenous state there since the first century. The movement to return to the Holy Land, Zionism, was described in Hebrew religious... Wordcount: 2396 mod notes WW1 had sign. impact on Germany. Brought about collapse of Hohenzollern monarchy & its replacement by a democratic system, which, after early difficulties, seemed to flourish before becoming a casualty of the Great Depression. War's legacy allowed Adolf Hitler to rise from relative obscurity to over... Wordcount: 12224 Islam and Fundamentalism 1. Identification of the Issue The impact of Islamic Fundamentalism on the World as it relates to terrorism.The Founding Of IslamMuhammad was born into the trading society of Mecca in 570. He was a part of one of the dominant tribes, the Qu'raish.1. Mecca was a great trade city and was a stopping pl...

Wordcount: 7388 This week in history: Munich massacre in 1972 - Features - Jerusalem Post This week in history: Munich massacre in 1972 ByDANIEL BENSADOUN 13 September 2010 16:35 The Black September terrorist group murders two Israeli athletes and takes nine hostages at the Olympics; during a failed rescue operation, all remaining athletes killed. black september311. (photo credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS) On September 5, 1972 a terrorist group known as “Black September” infiltrated the Olympic village in Munich, Germany and took hostage eleven Israeli athletes, in what came to be known as the “Munich massacre.” It was the second week of the Olympic Games, and the mood was joyful. On the evening of September 4, the Israeli athletes had enjoyed a night out, watching a performance of Fiddler On The Roof and dining with the star of the play, Israeli actor Shmuel Rodensky, before returning to the Olympic village. RELATED: Vancouver 2010: Opening ceremony filled with emotion At 4:30 a.m.

local time on September 5, as the athletes slept, eight tracksuit-clad members of Black September carrying duffel bags loaded with AKM assault rifles and grenades scaled a two-meter chain-link fence with the assistance of unsuspecting athletes who were also sneaking into the Olympic Village. Once inside, they used stolen keys to enter two apartments being used by the Israeli team. Be the first to know - Join our Facebook page. Some 25 minutes later, two of the sportsmen were dead, murdered in cold blood and nine others were taken hostage. The terrorists, subsequently reported to be part of the Palestinian fedayeen (men ready to sacrifice themselves for a sacred cause), demanded the release and safe passage to Egypt of 236 prisoners jailed in Israel. For 24 hours, there was a tense stand-off between the German police and the eight highly-trained hostage takers. An attempt to storm the building was aborted when the police realized the terrorists were watching their preparations live on television. Two more attempts failed after the terrorists demanded a plane to fly out of Germany. They were ultimately provided with two helicopters to fly them to the Munich airport. Upon landing, five German snipers opened fire on Black September.

In minutes, the shootout left all nine remaining hostages dead along with five terrorists. The three remaining terrorists were captured. On October 29 of that year, however, a Frankfurt-bound jet was hijacked. The terrorists demanded the release of the captured Black September members, and the German government swiftly complied. What followed was perhaps the best remembered operation in Israeli history. Under orders from then-prime minister Golda Meir, the Mossad was tasked with hunting down not only the released Munich terrorists but all those involved in planning the massacre. The mission, dubbed “Wrath of God,” was designed to instill fear in every terrorist’s heart. In the words of Defense Minister Ehud Barak as quoted in Gordon Thomas’s Gideon Spies, “The intention was to strike terror, to break the will of those who remained alive until there were none of them left.” Over the period of two years, Mossad carried out a series of brilliantly planned, clinically executed assassinations. The first terrorist was shot eleven times in Rome, one bullet for each Israeli he helped murder. Another died when he answered a call in Paris; the bomb in the phone blew off his head. The next to die was expertly pushed under a London bus at rush hour.

Hours before they died, each man’s family would receive flowers and a condolence card bearing the same words “A reminder we do not forget or forgive.” Thirty three years later, Spielberg’s movie Munich came out. The movie was harshly criticized by the Israeli intelligence community for being highly inaccurate, with the current Mossad head Meir Dagan calling it “entertainment maybe, accurate absolutely not.” While mystery and speculation continues to surround certain details, the Munich massacre ultimately traumatized the country, and remains controversial to this day. Relevant to your professional network? Please share on Linkedin Tags: By Gil Stern Stern HOFFMAN Promoted Content Olympics Memorial for 11 Israeli Athletes - Jewish World - News - Main All News Jewish World Olympics Memorial for 11 Israeli Athletes Olympics Memorial for 11 Israeli Athletes A ceremony in memory of the 11 Israeli athletes murdered by PLO terrorists during the 1972 Olympics was held in Beijing's Olympic Village.

Contact Editor A PLO terrorist at the Munich Olympic Village Image from the 1972 TV coverage of the Munich Massacre A ceremony in memory of the 11 Israeli athletes murdered by PLO terrorists during the 1972 Munich Olympics was held Monday evening in Beijing's Olympic Village. As in past years, the Israeli Olympic Committee and the Israeli Foreign Ministry arranged the memorial on their own. Hundreds of people attended the event, held at the Hilton hotel in Beijing, including foreign diplomats and Olympic representatives. Taking part in the memorial from Israel were Minister of Science, Culture and Sport Ghaleb Hundreds of people attended the event. Majadele, members of the current Israeli Olympic delegation and the Israeli Olympic Committee, Israel's representative to the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and ambassador to China Amos Nadai. Among the IOC representatives in attendance were the head of the German Olympic Committee, Thomas Bach, and former IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch, as well as a number of Olympic delegates from other nations. Current IOC president Jacques Rogge was in Hong Kong on Monday and unable to attend the Beijing event.

On September 4, 1972, a Fatah terrorist front group going under the name of Black September infiltrated the Olympic Village in Germany and took 11 Israeli athletes hostage. After negotiations, a botched rescue attempt led to the deaths of the bound Israeli captives. The mastermind of the Munich attack, Mohammed Daoud Oudeh, or Abu Daoud, revealed in a 1999 memoir that current Palestinian Authority Chairman and Fatah leader Mahmoud Abbas handled the financing for the Munich attack. Since the 1976 Montreal Olympics, the Israeli delegation to the Games has held a memorial for the fallen athletes. The IOC has yet to take part in sponsoring the event or in officially marking the anniversary of the attacks in any way. "We should have had this memorial in front of all the athletes, sponsored by the IOC," said Ankie Spitzer, widow of fencing coach Andre Spitzer. "This is not an Israeli issue.

This concerns the whole Olympic family." The widow of weightlifter Yosef Romano, Ilana, called on the IOC to "recognize those murdered as sons of the Olympic movement." Israel's next memorial ceremony for the 1972 Olympic delegation should be held "under the Olympics' five-ring banner," Romano said. PA Chairman and Fatah leader Mahmoud Abbas handled the financing for the Munich attack. In her words to the assembled IOC delegates, Spitzer commented that "nations that are not willing to condemn terrorism openly or refuse to compete against other nations because of their nationality or race or religion - they should not be part of the Olympics. It's contrary to the Olympic ideal." In a brief speech, Samaranch called the Munich Massacre, as it came to be known, "the blackest event in the long history of the Olympic Games." The murder of 11 "athletes, coaches and judges of your country who came to the Olympic Games to compete in peace and harmony" was "an event that the world and the Olympic movement will never forget," he said.

"We will not allow terror to triumph," declared Israel Olympic Committee President Zvi Varshaviak, adding that the attack was targeted at Israelis, but all Olympic athletes "continue their path" by continuing to take part in the Games. One Day in September is the Academy award winning film which documented the Munich Olympic Massacre. The film offers evidence to the allegation that the rescue operation was poorly planned and executed. For example, the snipers at the airport were not prepared and were poorly positioned. The film implies that had the German government prepared better, the athletes might have been saved. Former Mossad Director Zvi Zamir, who was present at the airport during the final gunfight, is interviewed about his views on the failed rescue and expresses shock at the amateur fashion in which the operation was carried out. © Arutz Sheva, All Rights Reserved

Question: What was the name of the terrorist group that murdered eleven Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics in 1972?
Answer: BLACK SEPTEMBER