Marvin Hagler | American boxer | Britannica.com American boxer Alternative Titles: Marvelous Marvin Hagler, Marvin Nathaniel Hagler Marvin Hagler Marvin Hagler, in full Marvelous Marvin Hagler, original name Marvin Nathaniel Hagler (born May 23, 1954, Newark , New Jersey , U.S.), American boxer, a durable middleweight champion, who was one of the greatest fighters of the 1970s and ’80s. Marvin Hagler celebrating his victory over Thomas Hearns in defense of the middleweight title, 1985. Dave Cannon/Allsport Hagler began his boxing career in Brockton , Massachusetts, winning 57 amateur fights and the 1973 Amateur Athletic Union middleweight title before turning professional. He won his first 26 professional bouts, which included 19 knockouts, but his streak was broken in late 1974 when he fought Sugar Ray Seales to a draw. After losing two matches in 1976 to middleweights Bobby Watts and Willie Monroe, Hagler remained unbeaten for another decade.

A powerful left-hander, Hagler stood 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 metres) tall and weighed 160 pounds (72.6 kg). In his first title fight, in 1979, he boxed world middleweight champion Vito Antuofermo to a 15-round draw. On September 27, 1980, in his 54th professional fight, Hagler took the world title from Alan Minter with a third-round knockout. Hagler went on to defend the title 12 times from 1981 through 1986. On April 15, 1985, in one of his finest bouts, he pummeled Thomas Hearns , dispatching him in three rounds. Hagler, who had legally changed his first name to Marvelous in 1982, was now ranked among the world’s preeminent boxers. On April 6, 1987, in one of the most renowned middleweight title fights, Hagler lost his long-held crown to Sugar Ray Leonard in a controversial 12-round split decision.

Unable to accept the defeat, Hagler retired from boxing. Although Leonard long commanded enormous earnings for his matches, the $11 million he received for this bout was $1 million shy of Hagler’s $12 million purse. After his retirement, Hagler moved to Italy , where he began an acting career. He also served as a commentator for boxing telecasts on the British Broadcasting Corporation . Fifty-two of Hagler’s 62 career wins were by knockout; he had three losses and two draws. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1993. Learn More in these related articles: American Boxer Club: Short History of the Boxer Breed Short History of the Boxer Breed Part I: Earliest Ancestors John Wagner's Book, The Boxer, first published in 1939, contains one of the most detailed histories of development of this breed. Therefore, much of the Boxer history that is developed here comes from his book. The history of the Boxer as a unique breed begins late in the last century in the area of Munich, Germany.

The Germans did not begin to breed dogs seriously and scientifically until that time, although various types of dogs had existed in Germany -- as in England and the Continent -- from time immemorial. According to Denlinger, "As far back as the time of the ancient Assyrians, more than 2000 B.C., a strain of dogs with powerful build, heavy head and great courage was bred and used in war. Centuries later the name of Molossian was given to dogs of this type, named from the city of Molossis in Epirus, in what is today Albania." These dogs spread across the continent and became the ancestors to the German Bullenbeisser . In England, selective breeding produced a taller, stronger dog than the original Molossis and this formed the foundation of the modern Mastiff . Later, the English crossed their Mastiff with fast running hounds to produce the Englische Dogge, or Great Dane, the German national dog. However, the Germans continued to use the Bullenbeisser as a hunting dog. Boxer Ancestors of the Middle Ages to the Late 1700's According to Wagner: ". .

.a smaller Bullenbeisser of the purest stock was bred from the larger one by natural selection, due to the spreading popularity of the animal fights from England to the mainland and thence to Germany . . . Through comparison of Spanish and French authors of the 12th to 14th centuries with authentic English and German sources we find that the so-called "Dogge" title was used as a collectivism for all strongly built, short-haired chase dogs with large heads, powerfully developed muzzles and triangle-like, stubbed and drooping upper lip, strong bodies and teeth and that the Doggen forms of all European countries from the middle ages up to the present day are limited to three types which have in the course of time developed into national breeds. They are: The heavy Bullenbeisser (Mastiff). The large hound evolved by crossing the Bullenbeisser with the old type Wolf or Deerhound (The Great Dane). The small Bullenbeisser which represents a smaller form of the heavy Bullenbeisser through natural selection (The Boxer and the English Bulldog)." ( Bullenbeisser head types ) Wagner quotes John E. L.

Riedinger of Augsburg (1698-1767): "The main portion of most old time German hunting packs were made up of coarse haired, big dogs with bush tails and wolfish heads called 'Rüden'. They were supplied to the courts by the peasants in immense numbers and suffered great losses at every hunt, therefore no particular pains were taken to breed them. The Doggen and Bullenbeisser, however, knew instinctively how to tackle the game from behind and hold it in a way that kept them from serious injury yet gave the hunters time to reach the kill therefore they were more valuable to the hunt and were accordingly highly prized and painstakingly bred." (Wagner, 1950, p. 27) It is generally accepted that a smaller Bullenbeisser bred in Brabant, an area in Northeast Belgium, is a direct ancestor of today's Boxer. To add historical perspective to current practice Wagner quotes Hans Friedrich v. Flemming of Leipzig (1719), who writes of the Brabanter Bullenbeisser: "Their ears are clipped while they are still young and also the tail...." (Wagner, 1950, p.

22) Bullenbeissers from about 1800 to 1900 The noble estates on which the Bullenbeisser were bred were broken up in Germany during and after the Napoleonic wars and the dogs which had heretofore formed the hunting packs of the nobility, hunting wild boar and small bear, became the butcher's and cattle dealer's dog. It might be considered a reduction in stature of the dog, but it kept him from becoming extinct. By 1800 after the dispersion of the hunting Bullenbeisser mentioned above, the small Bullenbeisser was found as a family and guard dog where "his remarkable intelligence and tractability endeared him to so large a group of individuals that he carried on when so many breeds completely disappeared." (Wagner, 1950, pp. 32-33) During the time that a smaller Bullenbeisser was being bred for the wild game hunts , the English Bulldog was being bred in England as early as 1632 for the same purpose.

That English Bulldog did not have the extreme characteristics of today's English Bulldog--he was much more like the Brabanter Bullenbeisser in body type, but often was either white, or did have white markings. Wagner states: "The literature and paintings previous to 1830 indicate that all Bullenbeisser up to that time were fawn or brindle with black masks. There is never any mention of white. About this time there came a great influx of English dogs to Germany including the English Bulldog. His entry into the country quickly followed by numerous crosses with the Bullenbeisser resulted in an eventual similarity of type that made it very difficult to distinguish where any degree of Bulldog blood was present except that white color began to appear in the Boxers. This is easily understood if we bear in mind that the English Bulldog of that time was very like the Boxer, more of a small mastiff than anything else. Still there were certain peculiarities introduced that for years caused lack of of uniformity in type, shape and color in the Boxer.

But lasting characteristics were not impregnated although it took years of selective breeding to eliminate some undesirable traits and to this day minor discrepancies appear at rare intervals." (Wagner, 1950, p. 34) The Modern Boxer in Germany The following lines of descent concentrate on those Boxers who were the primary ancestors of American Boxers. There are many other noted sires and dams which were not included in order to avoid confusion. A Boxer club had been formed in Munich in 1895, and the founders drew up the first Boxer Standard as a guide for their future breeding. Much of this first standard still remains in the Boxer standards of today. As any good dog club should, they held a dog show as soon as possible. A picture of the Boxers in that show still survives. The modern Boxer began in the late-nineteenth century in Germany with Alt's Flora, a brindle bitch imported from France by George Alt of Munich. Flora was bred to a local Boxer whose name was never recorded. A fawn and white male from this litter, Lechner's Box, was then bred back to his mother who produced Alt's Flora II and Alt's Schecken .

Schecken, when paired in 1895 with a white bulldog called "Dr Toneissen's Tom" in the records, became the dam of the first Boxer registered in the first stud book in 1904, Mühlbauer's Flocki . Schecken's sister Flora II was bred back to her father, Box, which produced Maier's Lord , the first noted Boxer sire. Maier's Lord was mated to Maier's Flora (parentage unknown) to produce Piccolo v. Angertor , the sire of Meta v. d. Passage. In 1898, a repeat breeding of Schecken and "Dr. Toneissen's Tom" produced Ch. Blanka v. Angertor . Ch. Blanka v. Angertor was the mother of Meta v. d. Passage . If you can sort all of that out, you deserve an award. But the point is that there was a high degree of inbreeding during the early stages of the breed's development. Setting the genetic characteristics for a new breed cannot be done in any other way. It is worth quoting Wagner here: "Meta v. d.

Passage played the most important role of the five original ancestors. Our great line of sires all trace directly back to this female. She was a substantially built, low to the ground, brindle and white parti-color, lacking in underjaw and exceedingly lippy. As a producing bitch few in any breed can match her record. She consistently whelped puppies of marvelous type and rare quality. Those of her offspring sired by Flock St. Salvator and Wotan dominate all present-day pedigrees. Combined with Wotan and Mirzl children, they made the Boxer." (Wagner, 1950, p. 47) Flock St. Salvator, of whom no picture exists, was one of the sires of puppies from Meta. He is not out of the line of Flora/Box but rather a different one. According to Gordon (p. 16) his breeding with Meta produced Hugo v. Pfalzgau . Hugo v. Pfalzgau was the great-grandfather of Rolf v. Vogelsberg , the foundation sire of the great German Vom Dom line and thus a foundation sire of nearly all American Boxer lines.

Friederun and Philip Stockmann and the Vom Dom Boxers The names Stockmann and Vom Dom are the most important ones in the history of American Boxers. Friederun Stockmann (Pictures One , Two , Three , Four , Five , Six ) was a young woman from Riga, in the Baltic region of Germany. In the beginning pages of her book, My Life With Boxers, she gives us her belief that she was destined to spend her life with dogs--she was born in 1891 under the Sirius, the Dog Star. At the age of 18, she says, she was led by the Dog Star to Munich where she began her art studies at the Academy in Munich. It was in Munich that Friederun met and was owned by her first Boxer, Pluto. And, oh yes, she met and married Pluto's owner, Philip Stockmann. Frau Stockmann was not on the Boxer scene at the very beginnings of the breed, but she was a major force in the breed very soon thereafter. Frau Stockmann must have been around five when the first Boxer show was held in Munich in 1895.

She showed her first Boxer, Laska, a bitch in about 1910. As was said previously, Rolf v. Vogelsberg was one of the major Boxer sires. Because Frau Stockmann does not give specific dates early in her book, we have to do some figuring to determine when she must have purchased Rolf v. Vogelsberg. According to Denlinger (p. 35), Rolf began his show career at the age of two in 1910. Frau Stockmann says that she bought him at three years of age. She must have bought him in 1911 when she was about 20 or 21 and married to Philip Stockmann. Her first homebred champion and Rolf's son was Dampf vom Dom , whelped September 28, 1912. Rolf v. Vogelsberg earned the German title of Sieger five times, the last time at the age of eleven after four years of service with Philip Stockmann on the front lines in World War I. He was the only Boxer of the ten that Stockmann took with him to return alive.

Rolf's descendants from 1910 to 1925 were some of the major sires of the German lines. In direct line of descent from Rolf they were: Ch. Rolf Walhall, Ch. Moritz v. Goldrain, Ch. Casar v. Deutenkofen, Ch. Buko v. Biederstein, to Ivein v. Dom. Ivein v. Dom , whelped in January, 1925, represented Frau Stockmann's renaissance in the breeding of Boxers after World War I. Ivein's dam was Zwibel, granddaughter of Rolf v. Vogelsberg and his sire was Buko v. Biederstein a great-great-grandson of Rolf. Iwein never earned a German championship, but Frau Stockmann says that her sixth sense told her to keep Ivein and to breed him. He became the sire of the great German sire, Sigurd v. Dom . During the five years that he remained in Germany, Sigurd attained a rank as a show dog and sire equal to the great Rolf v. Vogelsberg.

At the age of five he was then sold to America to become a part of the Barmere Kennels in Van Nuys, CA. Of him Wagner said: "To Sigurd, more than to any other individual dog we owe the tremendous advance in consistent perfected balance of power and elegance." (Wagner, 1950, p. 97) It was one of the twists of fate that two of the greatest dogs that the vom Dom kennels produced were sold to America. Sigurd's grandson, Ch. Lustig v. Dom was also sold to America and became Ch. Lustig v. Dom of Tulgey Woods. Lustig was sold only because a great price was offered for him at a time when the Stockmann family fortunes had reached a nadir. Ironically, though Frau Stockmann never saw him again, the year after Lustig left Germany her husband Philip was invited to judge the show at Westminster and Lustig was there. With the importation of the three grandsons of Sigurd, Utz v. Dom , Dorian v. Marienhof, and Lustig v.

Dom, the United States had the three greatest Boxers that German breeding had been able to produce and the focus of American Boxers shifts from Germany to America. Again Wagner states: "The two dogs, ICh. Dorian v. Marienhof , the brindle, and Int. Ch. Lustig v. Dom, the fawn, are both in America. They represent the perfected ideal of nearly fifty years of careful breeding of Boxerdom's most aristocratic and finest families. No finer or better-bred Boxers have ever lived. They have both demonstrated their ability to reproduce quality similar to their own." Wagner, 1950, p.99) To close the section on Frau Stockmann and the Vom Dom kennels there is the following quotation from her book, My Life With Boxers, which may help us understand her nearly lifelong devotion to our breed: "The Boxer, however, is a gentleman amongst dogs with short coats. He not only wants the best food, he wants to be handled in a civilized manner too. He can easily be upset by his master and this is called being leader-sensitive. He cannot stand a hard hand or injustice.

It is true that he is pig-headed and every one has a personality of its own. His real job is to be a house and family dog and to be a friend to the children." (Stockmann, My Life With Boxers, p. 116) Boxers in America: The Four Horsemen of Boxerdom Milo Denlinger in his book, The Complete Boxer, calls Sigurd, Dorian, Utz, and Lustig, the "Four Horsemen of American Boxerdom" (p. 110). Even though they were German Boxers they must also be recounted in the American history because, in many ways, they were the foundation of American Boxers. Sigurd was the grandsire of the other three Horsemen. Sigurd was whelped in July, 1929, by the Stockmanns, was sold to Charles Ludwig and then to Barmere Kennels in 1934 when he was five years old. Ten of his German sons and daughters were imported and became American champions and left champion get of their own. Fifty-five of Sigurd's get made their American championships or left champion progeny. He won Best of Breed at Westminster in 1935.

He died on March 3, 1942. Lustig and Utz were full brothers though there was a three year difference in their ages. Their sire was Zorn v. Dom out of Esta v.d. Wurm , making them double Sigurd grandsons. ICh. Lustig sired forty-one American-bred and imported dogs who became American champions. He also produced twenty-five American bred and imported producers. One of Lustig's famous litters was the "B" litter of Lilac Hedge Kennels. In this litter, produced by Lustig out of a Dorian daughter, were three females and four males, all of whom finished their American championships. Lustig died on June 14, 1945. Ch. Utz v. Dom , Lustig's full brother, was whelped April 18, 1936. He was imported by the famous Mazelaine Kennels, owned by John Wagner, in 1939. By the end of 1947 he had sired thirty-five champions and sixteen non-champion producers. Like Lustig, Utz had a famous litter, the "N" litter out of Ch.

Nocturne of Mazelaine, a Dorian daughter. Utz won the Working Group at Westminster foreshadowing his famous son, Warlord of Mazelaine . He died in 1945, two months before Lustig. ICh. Dorian v. Marienhof is the last of the Great Four. He was whelped in April 1933 from a full brother to the father of Lustig and Utz, Int. Ch. Xerxes v. Dom from the daughter of another excellent German import, Ch. Check v. Hunnenstein. Dorian won the Working Group at Westminster in 1937 just one year after he was imported. Some of Dorian's famous get were Chs. Symphony and Serenade of Mazelaine and Ch. Duke Cronian who became the foundation stud of the Sirrah Crest Kennels and the ancestor of Bang Away of Sirrah Crest . By Judy Voran Marvin Hagler - ESPN Boxing Documentary - YouTube Marvin Hagler - ESPN Boxing Documentary Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content.

Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Feb 13, 2014 Category Boxer (dog) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boxer (dog) Jump to: navigation , search For other meanings of these words, see Boxer (disambiguation) . Template:Infobox dog breed The Boxer is a breed of medium-sized, short-haired dogs developed in Germany . Their coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colors are fawn or brindled , with or without white markings, which may cover the entire body, and white . Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws , and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey. The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser , and is part of the Molosser group. The Boxer is a member of the Working Group. [1] Boxers were first exhibited in a dog show for St.

Bernards in Munich in 1895, the first Boxer club being founded the next year. Based on 2013 American Kennel Club statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year. [2] Contents A brindle boxer Two fawn boxer dogs The head is the most distinctive feature of the Boxer. The breed standard dictates that it must be in perfect proportion to the body and above all it must never be too light. [3] The greatest value is to be placed on the muzzle being of correct form and in absolute proportion to the skull. The length of the muzzle to the whole of the head should be a ratio of 1:3. Folds are always present from the root of the nose running downwards on both sides of the muzzle, and the tip of the nose should lie somewhat higher than the root of the muzzle. In addition a Boxer should be slightly prognathous , i.e., the lower jaw should protrude beyond the upper jaw and bend slightly upwards in what is commonly called an underbite or "undershot bite". [4] Boxers were originally a docked and cropped breed, and this is still done in some countries.

However, due to pressure from veterinary associations, animal rights groups, and the general public, both cropping of the ears and docking of the tail have been prohibited in many countries around the world. A line of naturally short-tailed ( bobtail ) Boxers was developed in the United Kingdom in anticipation of a tail docking ban there; [5] after several generations of controlled breeding, these dogs were accepted in the Kennel Club (UK) registry in 1998, and today representatives of the bobtail line can be found in many countries around the world. However, in 2008, the FCI added a "naturally stumpy tail" as a disqualifying fault in their breed standard, meaning those Boxers born with a bobtail can no longer be shown in FCI member countries. In the United States and Canada as of 2012, cropped ears are still more common in show dogs , even though the practice of cosmetic cropping is currently opposed by the American Veterinary Medical Association . [6] In March 2005 the AKC breed standard was changed to include a description of the uncropped ear, but to severely penalize an undocked tail.

The tail of a boxer is typically docked before the cartilage is fully formed, between 3-5 days old. This procedure does not require any anesthesia or sutures when performed at this young age. Coat and colors[ edit ] The Boxer is a short-haired breed, with a shiny, smooth coat that lies tight to the body. The recognized colors are fawn and brindle , [1] frequently with a white underbelly and white on the feet. These white markings, called flash, often extend onto the neck or face, and dogs that have these markings are known as "flashy". "Fawn" denotes a range of color, the tones of which may be described variously as light tan or yellow, reddish tan, mahogany or stag/deer red, and dark honey-blonde. In the UK and Europe, fawn Boxers are typically rich in color and are often called "red". "Brindle" refers to a dog with black stripes on a fawn background.

Some brindle Boxers are so heavily striped that they give the appearance of "reverse brindling", fawn stripes on a black body; these dogs are conventionally called "reverse brindles", but that is actually a misnomer—they are still fawn dogs with black stripes. In addition, the breed standards state that the fawn background must clearly contrast with or show through the brindling, so a dog that is too heavily brindled may be disqualified by the breed standard. Boxers that resemble flashy traits are referred to as "flashy" plus the other color that they have such as brindle (ex: flashy-brindle). The Boxer does not carry the gene for a solid black coat color and therefore purebred black Boxers do not exist. [7] White boxer White Boxers[ edit ] White boxer. Boxers with white markings covering more than one-third of their coat – conventionally called "white" Boxers – are neither albino nor rare; approximately 20–25% of all Boxers born are white. [8] Genetically, these dogs are either fawn or brindle, with excessive white markings overlying the base coat color.

Like fair-skinned humans, white Boxers have a higher risk of sunburn and associated skin cancers than colored Boxers. The extreme piebald gene, which is responsible for white markings in Boxers, is linked to congenital sensorineural deafness in dogs. It is estimated that about 18% of white Boxers are deaf in one or both ears, [9] though Boxer rescue organizations see about double that number. [10] [11] In the past, breeders often euthanized white puppies at birth. A 1998 study of Boxers in the Netherlands showed that 17% of Boxer pups were euthanized because they were white. [12] Previously, the American Boxer Club "unofficially recommended euthanasia for these animals." [13] Reasons for euthanizing white pups includes the view that it is unethical to sell a dog with "faults" and the perception that white Boxers are at higher risk of ending up abandoned in rescues. [14] Today, breeders are increasingly reluctant to euthanize healthy pups [13] and may choose to neuter and place them in pet homes instead.

Temperament[ edit ] The character of the Boxer is of the greatest importance and demands the most solicitous attention. He is renowned from olden times for his great love and faithfulness to his master and household. He is harmless in the family, but can be distrustful of strangers, bright and friendly of temperament at play, but brave and determined when aroused. His intelligence and willing tractability, his modesty and cleanliness make him a highly desirable family dog and cheerful companion. He is the soul of honesty and loyalty, and is never false or treacherous even in his old age. — 1938 AKC Boxer breed standard [15] Boxers are a bright, energetic and playful breed and tend to be very good with children. [1] They are patient and spirited with children but also protective, making them a popular choice for families. [1] They are active, strong dogs and require adequate exercise to prevent boredom-associated behaviors such as chewing, digging, or licking. Boxers have earned a slight reputation of being "headstrong," which can be related to inappropriate obedience training. Owing to their intelligence and working breed characteristics, training based on corrections often has limited usefulness.

Boxers, like other animals, typically respond better to positive reinforcement techniques such as clicker training , an approach based on operant conditioning and behaviorism , which offers the dog an opportunity to think independently and to problem-solve. [16] [17] Stanley Coren 's survey of obedience trainers, summarized in his book The Intelligence of Dogs , ranked Boxers at #48 – average working/obedience intelligence. Many who have worked with Boxers disagree quite strongly with Coren's survey results, and maintain that a skilled trainer who uses reward-based methods will find Boxers have far above-average intelligence and working ability. [16] [17] [18] The Boxer by nature is not an aggressive or vicious breed. It is an instinctive guardian and can become very attached to its family. Like all dogs, it requires proper socialization. [19] Boxers are generally patient with smaller dogs and puppies, but difficulties with larger adult dogs, especially those of the same sex, may occur. Boxers are generally more comfortable with companionship, in either human or canine form. Brindle boxer head For more details on this topic, see Bullenbeisser .

Boxers on the first Boxer exhibition, Munich 1895 Flocky, the first boxer The Boxer is part of the Molosser dog group, developed in Germany in the late 19th century from the now extinct Bullenbeisser , a dog of Mastiff descent, and Bulldogs brought in from Great Britain . [1] The Bullenbeisser had been working as a hunting dog for centuries, employed in the pursuit of bear, wild boar , and deer. Its task was to seize the prey and hold it until the hunters arrived. In later years, faster dogs were favored and a smaller Bullenbeisser was bred in Brabant , in northern Belgium . It is generally accepted that the Brabanter Bullenbeisser was a direct ancestor of today's Boxer. [20] In 1894, three Germans by the names of Friedrich Robert, Elard König, and R. Höpner decided to stabilize the breed and put it on exhibition at a dog show. This was done in Munich in 1895, and the next year they founded the first Boxer Club, the Deutscher Boxer Club .

The Club went on to publish the first Boxer breed standard in 1902, a detailed document that has not been changed much to this day. [21] File:Friederich Roberth.jpg Friedrich Robert and his Boxer, 1894 The breed was introduced to other parts of Europe in the late 19th century and to the United States around the turn of the 20th century. The American Kennel Club (AKC) registered the first Boxer in 1904, [1] and recognized the first Boxer champion, Dampf vom Dom, in 1915. During World War I , the Boxer was co-opted for military work, acting as a valuable messenger dog, pack-carrier, attack dog , and guard dog. [1] It was not until after World War II that the Boxer became popular around the world. Taken home by returning soldiers, they introduced the dog to a wider audience and soon became a favorite as a companion, a show dog, and a guard dog.

Early genealogy[ edit ] Boxer early genealogy chart The German citizen George Alt, a Munich resident, mated a brindle-colored bitch imported from France named Flora with a local dog of unknown ancestry, known simply as "Boxer", resulting in a fawn-and-white male, named "Lechner's Box" after its owner. This dog was mated with his own dam Flora, and one of its offspring was a bitch called Alt's Schecken. George Alt mated Schecken with a Bulldog named Dr. Toneissen's Tom to produce the historically significant dog Mühlbauer's Flocki. Flocki was the first Boxer to enter the German Stud Book after winning the aforementioned show for St. Bernards in Munich 1895, which was the first event to have a class specific for Boxers. [20] [21] The white bitch Ch.

Blanka von Angertor, Flocki's sister, was even more influential when mated with Piccolo von Angertor (Lechner's Box grandson) to produce the predominantly white (parti-colored) bitch Meta von der Passage, which, even bearing little resemblance with the modern Boxer standard (early photographs depicts her as too long, weak-backed and down-faced), is considered the mother of the breed. [22] [23] John Wagner, in The Boxer (first published in 1939) said the following regarding this bitch: [24] Meta von der Passage played the most important role of the five original ancestors. Our great line of sires all trace directly back to this female. She was a substantially built, low to the ground, brindle and white parti-color, lacking in underjaw and exceedingly lippy. As a producing female few in any breed can match her record. She consistently whelped puppies of marvelous type and rare quality. Those of her offspring sired by Flock St. Salvator and Wotan dominate all present-day pedigrees. Combined with Wotan and Mirzl children, they made the Boxer. A brindle Boxer with two white socks.

Brindle, fawn and white Boxer puppies The name "Boxer" is supposedly derived from the breed's tendency to play by standing on its hind legs and " boxing " with its front paws. [1] According to Andrew H. Brace's Pet owner's guide to the Boxer, this theory is the least plausible explanation. [22] He claims "it's unlikely that a nation so permeated with nationalism would give to one of its most famous breeds a name so obviously anglicised". German linguistic and historical evidence find the earliest written source for the word Boxer in the 18th century, where it is found in a text in the Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch (The German Dictionary of Foreign Words), [25] which cites an author named Musäus of 1782 writing "daß er aus Furcht vor dem großen Baxer Salmonet ... sich auf einige Tage in ein geräumiges Packfaß ... absentiret hatte". At that time the spelling "baxer" equalled "boxer".

Both the verb (boxen [English "to box, to punch, to jab"]) and the noun (Boxer) were common German words as early as the late 18th century. The term Boxl, also written Buxn or Buchsen in the Bavarian dialect, means "short (leather) trousers" or "underwear". The very similar-sounding term Boxerl, also from the Bavarian dialect, is an endearing term for Boxer. [26] More in line with historical facts, Brace states that there exist many other theories to explain the origin of the breed name, from which he favors the one claiming the smaller Bullenbeisser (Brabanter) were also known as "Boxl" and that Boxer is just a corruption of that word. [26] In the same vein runs a theory based on the fact that there were a group of dogs known as Bierboxer in Munich by the time of the breed's development. These dogs were the result from mixes of Bullenbeisser and other similar breeds. Bier (beer) probably refers to the Biergarten, the typical Munich beergarden, an open-air restaurant where people used to take their dogs along.

The nickname "Deutscher Boxer" was derived from bierboxer and Boxer could also be a corruption of the former or a contraction of the latter. [27] A passage from the book "The Complete Boxer" by Milo G Denlinger states: It has been claimed that the name "Boxer" was jokingly applied by an English traveler who noted a tendency of the dog to use its paws in fighting. This seems improbable. Any such action would likely result in a badly bitten if not broken leg. On the other hand, a German breeder of forty years' experience states positively that the Boxer does not use his feet, except to try and extinguish a small flame such as a burning match. But a Boxer does box with his head. He will hit (not bite) a cat with his muzzle hard enough to knock it out and he will box a ball with his nose. Or perhaps, since the German dictionary translates 'boxer' as 'prize-fighter' the name was bestowed in appreciation of the fighting qualities of the breed rather than its technique.

Boxer is also the name of a dog owned by John Peerybingle, the main character in the best-selling 1845 book The Cricket on the Hearth by Charles Dickens , which is evidence that "Boxer" was commonly used as a dog name by the early 19th century, before the establishment of the breed by the end of that same century. The name of the breed could also be simply due to the names of the very first known specimens of the breed (Lechner's Box, for instance). See also: Dog health A healthy boxer puppy. Leading health issues to which Boxers are prone include cancers , heart conditions such as Aortic Stenosis and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (the so-called " Boxer Cardiomyopathy "), [28] hypothyroidism , hip dysplasia , and degenerative myelopathy and epilepsy; other conditions that may be seen are gastric dilatation and torsion ( bloat ), intestinal problems, and allergies (although these may be more related to diet than breed).

[29] [30] Entropion , a malformation of the eyelid requiring surgical correction, is occasionally seen, and some lines have a tendency toward spondylosis deformans, a fusing of the spine, [31] or dystocia . [32] Other conditions that are less common but occur more often in Boxers than other breeds are hystiocytic ulcerative colitis (sometimes called Boxer colitis), an invasive E. coli infection, [33] and indolent corneal ulcers , often called Boxer eye ulcers. According to a UK Kennel Club health survey, cancer accounts for 38.5% of Boxer deaths, followed by old age (21.5%), cardiac (6.9%) and gastrointestinal (6.9%) related issues. The breed is particularly predisposed to mast cell tumours, a cancer of the immune system. [34] Median lifespan was 10.25 years. [35] Responsible breeders use available tests to screen their breeding stock before breeding, and in some cases throughout the life of the dog, in an attempt to minimize the occurrence of these diseases in future generations.

[36] Boxers are known to be very sensitive to the hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of a commonly used veterinary sedative, acepromazine . [37] It is recommended that the drug be avoided in the Boxer breed. [38] As an athletic breed, proper exercise and conditioning is important for the continued health and longevity of the Boxer. [1] Care must be taken not to over-exercise young dogs, as this may damage growing bones; however once mature Boxers can be excellent jogging or running companions. Because of their brachycephalic head, they do not do well with high heat or humidity, and common sense should prevail when exercising a Boxer in these conditions. Uses[ edit ] A boxer dog on a boat in Lake Lanier, South Carolina Boxers are friendly, lively companions that are popular as family dogs. [1] Their suspicion of strangers, alertness, agility, and strength make them formidable guard dogs. As puppies, Boxers demonstrate a fascinating combination of mood-mirroring expressions, energetic curiosity, flexible attention spans and charming characteristics. They sometimes appear at dog agility or dog obedience trials and flyball events.

These strong and intelligent animals have also been used as service dogs, guide dogs for the blind, therapy dogs, police dogs in K9 units, and occasionally herding cattle or sheep. The versatility of Boxers was recognized early on by the military, which has used them as valuable messenger dogs, pack carriers, and attack and guard dogs in times of war. Top 10 Southpaw Boxers of All Time - YouTube Top 10 Southpaw Boxers of All Time Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Oct 8, 2013 Top 10 Southpaw Boxers of All Time 1. Pernell Whitaker - nicknamed "Sweet Pea," is a professional boxing trainer and retired American professional boxer. Whitaker was the lightweight silver medalist at the 1982 World Championships, followed by the gold medalist at the 1983 Pan American Games and the 1984 Olympics.

Whitaker then embarked on a pro career in which he became world champion in four different weight divisions. During his career, he fought world champions such as Julio César Chávez, Oscar De La Hoya and Félix Trinidad. For his achievements, he was named the 1989 Fighter of the year by Ring Magazine. 2. Marvin Hagler - is a retired American professional boxer who was Undisputed World Middleweight Champion from 1980 to 1987. Hagler made twelve undisputed title defenses and holds the highest KO% of all middleweight champions at 78%. At six years and seven months, his reign as undisputed middleweight champion is the second longest of the last century, behind only Tony Zale (although Zale was inactive for four years due to World War II). In 1982, annoyed that network announcers often did not refer to him by his nickname, "Marvelous", Hagler legally changed his name to Marvelous Marvin Hagler. 3. Tiger Flowers - became the first African-American middleweight boxing champion, defeating Harry Greb in 1926.

Known as "Tiger", he began boxing professionally in 1918 at the age of 23 while working at a Philadelphia shipbuilding plant. Nicknamed the "Georgia Deacon", he was a devoutly religious man who would recite a passage from Psalm 144 before every bout. 4. Manny Pacquiao - is a Filipino professional boxer and politician. He is the first and only eight-division world champion in which he has won ten world titles, as well as the first to win the lineal championship in four different weight classes. He is also the second highest paid athlete in the world 5. Joe Calzaghe - is a retired Welsh professional boxer. He is a former WBO, IBF, WBC, WBA & The Ring Super Middleweight Champion and The Ring Light Heavyweight Champion 6. Winky Wright - is an American former boxer. During his professional career he was recognized as the undisputed champion at light middleweight, and fought many notable world champions including Shane Mosley, Félix Trinidad, Jermain Taylor, Ike Quartey, Fernando Vargas, Bernard Hopkins and Paul Williams.

Wright announced his retirement from boxing on June 4, 2012, following a loss to Peter Quillin. 7. Hector Camacho - nicknamed Macho Camacho, was a Puerto Rican professional boxer and singer. Known for his quickness in the ring and flamboyant style, he held major championships in the super featherweight (WBC, 1983), lightweight (WBC, 1985), and junior welterweight (WBO, 1989 and 1991) divisions. After earning minor titles in four additional weight classes, Camacho became the first boxer to be recognized as a septuple champion. 8. Michael Nunn - is a former American boxer. Nicknamed "Second To" Nunn, he was a 6' 2" southpaw and was the Lineal/IBF middleweight champion, and the LinealWBA super-middleweight champion. 9.

Michael Moorer - is a retired American boxer who is one of only four men (the others being Muhammad Ali, Evander Holyfield and Lennox Lewis) to win one or more versions of the World Heavyweight Championship on three separate occasions, as well as being a former world light-heavyweight champion; he is one of only three men (the others being Bob Fitzsimmons and Roy Jones) to win world titles at both light-heavyweight and heavyweight. 10. Chris Byrd - is a retired professional boxer. He is a former WBO and IBF heavyweight champion. His nickname is "Rapid Fire". Feel free to check out my content on other Websites:

Question: Which boxer added the term marvellous to his name?
Answer: Marvin Hagler