United Nations News Centre - Character Sketches: Gladwyn Jebb by Brian Urquhart United Nations News Centre Character Sketches Gladwyn Jebb by Brian Urquhart Gladwyn Jebb, who served as the Executive Secretary of the UN Preparatory Commission and then, from October 1945 to February 1946, as the Acting UN Secretary-General. He later served as the UK's Permanent Representative to the UN. UN Photo/ES Before I went to see Gladwyn Jebb in August 1945, several well-meaning people warned me that he was glacial, supercilious, and rude. I was going to see him because I wanted to work for the fledging United Nations, and Gladwyn had just been put in charge of the Preparatory Commission that would set up the new world organization. He was, effectively, the first UN Secretary-General. Gladwyn could not have been more friendly or helpful. Although I had virtually no qualifications except my war record and a reasonable command of French and German, he took me on at once as his personal assistant. This was one of the luckiest things that ever happened to me.

Not only did it get me in on the ground floor of the one institution I wanted to work for. Equally important, it gave me the chance to do my apprenticeship for a civilian career under a remarkable man. 24 May 1945 - Along with delegates from 50 nations, Gladwyn Jebb (seated at the table, second from left), representing the United Kingdom, attends a meeting of the Coordination Committee at the Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, which led to the production of the UN Charter. In all, the San Francisco Conference was not only one of the most important in history but, until that time, possibly one of the largest international gatherings ever to take place. At the age of 45, Gladwyn Jebb was already something of a Foreign Office legend. He gave new meaning, both in appearance and attitude, to the word “patrician.” He was tall, sleek, immaculately dressed, and completely self-confident, but he also had original ideas and liked interesting and unfashionable people.

At Oxford, he had been one of Sligger Urquhart’s coterie of promising young men and, as a young diplomat, he had always had interesting postings—Constantinople, Berlin, Rome. There were lots of stories, probably largely apocryphal, about his arrogance. Gladwyn’s wife Cynthia looked like a Dresden porcelain figurine and behaved like a true Edwardian grande dame. She was a formidably perfect British ambassador’s wife. Early in the war, somewhat to his dismay, Gladwyn had been chosen to lead the British team in the international group that was designing the post-war international system. He made such an impression on his foreign colleagues that when the time came, they appointed him Executive Secretary of the UN Preparatory Commission, which was to build a working organization on the specifications of the United Nations Charter. It was at this point in his career that I joined him in London. Some highlights from the career of Gladwyn Jebb, the British diplomat who served as the Executive Secretary of the UN Preparatory Commission, the Acting Secretary-General of the United Nations, and, later, the UK Permanent Representative to the United Nations.

I soon found that Gladwyn’s allegedly overbearing manner concealed an essentially kind and humorous nature. Our headquarters in London was in Church House, Westminster—in normal times, the head office of the Church of England. The House of Lords had sat there during the war after it had been bombed out of its own chamber. The building was encased in sandbags and barbed wire and guarded by a detachment of Royal Marines. One evening early on, Gladwyn and I, returning to the office after dinner, were challenged by the Marine sentry and required to show our passes. I was still in uniform, and the sentry saluted me when I showed my pass. Gladwyn had forgotten his pass and was barred from entering. He was quite irritated when I pointed out that he himself had ordained that none could enter the building without a pass. “Doesn’t this man know who I am?” he asked rather plaintively. (The sentry had begun to mutter about “pinstriped gents—think they’re everybody” etc.) “Of course he doesn’t,” I said, “but I’ll explain it to him.” After an exhortation not to forget his pass in the future, the sentry finally allowed Gladwyn to enter.

For some reason, he was delighted with this small incident and frequently recounted it against himself. 1 January 1946 - Gladwyn Jebb, in his role as Executive Secretary of the United Nations, meets with Trygve Lie of Norway, who became the first elected UN Secretary-General. Prior to the latter’s appointment, Jebb served as the Organization’s Acting Secretary-General from October 1945 to February 1946. Gladwyn was wonderful to work with and to learn from. He knew more about the nascent UN and its political context than anyone else. The members of the commission—Adlai Stevenson, Andrei Gromyko, Ernest Bevin, Lester Pearson, Jan Massaryk and others—were his friends. When Gromyko tried to rebuke him during a meeting, Gladwyn replied, “I tremble.” He recruited an expert staff, but there was no question as to who was in charge. Gladwyn could do everything as well as, or better than, any of us. While inspiring mild trepidation, he was liked and respected by everyone he dealt with. Most important of all, for all his outward aloofness Gladwyn passionately believed in what he was doing.

Ernest Bevin, a man not given to flattery, said that Jebb had “done more than any other man, official, or politician, to make the UN into a ‘living thing.’” He was one of the main architects of the new international system, and he believed deeply in its importance while being very much aware of the obstacles and the conflicting forces that would make its work so difficult. He knew that a perfect international organization was an impossible dream but that an imperfect one was a great deal better than nothing, and might well be an indispensable factor in avoiding a nuclear world war. Years later, he summarized these feelings: Among men struggle is inevitable—if only because life is a struggle… So in order that mankind should not destroy itself totally in its struggles, it is essential to have some place… in which reason, or law, can be brought to bear on conflicts, either for preventing them or for ending them in accordance with certain generally accepted rules. We must not despair if these rules are often violated or more frequently ignored, or even if the Super-Powers sometimes fail to make use of the machinery altogether. The great thing is that it should be there.

And when the abyss really yawns before them, I believe that this time… it is to the United Nations that the nations will turn. This turned out to be a good description of the role of the UN during the Cold War. When Trygve Lie of Norway was elected Secretary-General, Gladwyn went back to the British Foreign Office and I became Lie’s personal assistant and realized that I had been badly spoiled by having Gladwyn as my first civilian boss. After four years, Gladwyn came to New York as British ambassador to the UN. When the Korean War started in 1950, television was just entering American living rooms and the Security Council’s debates on the war were one of the first broadcast television debates. Gladwyn was an extremely skillful and, if necessary, withering debater. The Soviets, who had foolishly been absent when the Council decided to intervene in Korea, did everything they possibly could to obstruct and vilify the UN’s Korean operation and sent their toughest diplomat, Jakob Malik, to New York. (Malik subsequently became head of the KGB).

Malik’s blunderbuss style was particularly vulnerable to Gladwyn’s rapier thrusts, and their encounters in the Council debates became an early hit on American television. Gladwyn didn’t let up even when Malik became the president of the Security Council. “Your whole thesis, Mr. President,” he would say, “which you have so obligingly explained, and to which your last effort has contributed nothing, is as follows...” 10 January 1946 - At the first session of the General Assembly, which opened on 10 January 1946, at Central Hall in London, United Kingdom, Paul-Henri Spaak of Belgium addresses the gathering, shortly after his election as the first President of the General Assembly. To the right is Gladwyn Jebb. 17 January 1946 - At the first session of the UN Security Council, held in London, Australia’s Norman J.O. Makin (seated right at front desk) delivers remarks while Gladwyn Jebb and others listen.

Seated in the background is Brian Urquhart (back row, second from right) 9 October 1950 - Gladwyn Jebb returned to the United Nations as the United Kingdom's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1950 to 1954. Here, he is shown attending a meeting of the Ad Hoc Political Committee of UN General Assembly, at a temporary location at Lake Success in New York, alongside Ambassador Ernest A. Gross of the United States and Professor Amazasp A. Arutiunian of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 28 November 1950 - In his role as the UK’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Gladwyn Jebb attends a Security Council meeting in Lake Success, New York, at which the Representative of the People's Republic of China, Ambassador Wu Hsiu-Chuan (extreme left), in a two hour speech, accuses the United States of "aggression" in both Korea and Formosa.

10 April 1953 - Gladwyn Jebb (standing fifth from right on the podium) attends the General Assembly meeting at which Dag Hammarskjöld of Sweden takes the oath of office as part of his appointment as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations, while Trygvie Lie, the out-going Secretary-General, looks on. 10 March 1953 - Gladwyn Jebb, in his role as the UK’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, ahead of a plenary meeting of the seventh session of the General Assembly at UN Headquarters in Manhattan, New York. To his right is Anthony Eden, the UK Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. ‹ › The British UN mission was submerged in fan mail. Evelyn Waugh wrote to Nancy Mitford that Gladwyn had become the “idol of American girlhood.” The New Yorker had a cartoon of a speed cop saying to his victim, “Oh—if you work for Gladwyn Jebb, you’d better get a move on.” I don’t think Gladwyn was too much impressed by all this adulation.

In 1953, near the end of Gladwyn’s time in New York, Dag Hammarskjold succeeded Trygve Lie as Secretary-General. Gladwyn, together with his French colleague Henri Hoppenot, had nominated Hammarskjold in the Security Council, having got the measure of his exceptional quality when they had both worked with him on setting up the Office of European Economic Cooperation. Without telling me, Gladwyn strongly advised the new Secretary-General to take me into his own office. To my great surprise, Hammarskjold immediately took action on this advice, and I never had another dull moment at the UN. After he left New York, I saw Gladwyn and Cynthia only occasionally. He was a great ambassador to France, and Cynthia did wonders in restoring the Paris embassy. Her diaries, unfortunately heavily expurgated, are a small masterpiece. Gladwyn became a Liberal peer and spent much of his later years promoting a united Europe. Whenever one saw him, the first thing he said was, “I suppose you read my last speech in the House of Lords.” He died a widower in his early nineties.

Gladwyn embodied several great British traditions: the classical education that sharpened, clarified, and elevated the mind, and provided the intellectual muscle to master the most complex subject matter; enlightened public service without pettiness or partisanship; and the patrician style that effortlessly exercises authority. Much of Gladwyn’s England has now, sadly, vanished. Gladwyn Jebb - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki More info on Gladwyn Jebb Wikis Gladwyn Jebb: Wikis Advertisements Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics October 24, 1945 – February 2, 1946 Preceded by Hubert Miles Gladwyn Jebb, 1st Baron Gladwyn, GCMG , GCVO , CB , known as Gladwyn Jebb (April 25, 1900 – October 24, 1996), was a prominent British civil servant, diplomat and politician as well as the first Acting Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Contents 12 External links Early life and family life The son of Sydney Jebb, of Firbeck Hall, Yorkshire , Jebb was educated at Eton College , then Magdalen College, Oxford , gaining a first in History. In 1929 he married Cynthia Noble, with whom he had one son and two daughters, Miles, Vanessa, married to the historian Hugh Thomas , and Stella, married to the scientist Joel de Rosnay . Diplomatic career Jebb entered the Foreign Service in 1924, served in Tehran , where he became known to Harold Nicolson and to Vita Sackville-West and in Rome, as well as at the Foreign Office in London where, amongst other positions, he served as the Private Secretary to the Head of the Diplomatic Service. World War II In August 1940, Jebb was appointed to the Ministry of Economic Warfare with temporary rank of Assistant Under-Secretary. In 1942 he was appointed Head of the Reconstruction Department and in 1943 was made a Counsellor within the Foreign Office. In this capacity he attended numerous international conferences, including those at Tehran , Yalta and Potsdam .

Acting UN Secretary-General After World War II, he served as Executive Secretary of the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations in August 1945, being appointed Acting United Nations Secretary-General from October 1945 to February 1946 until the appointment of the first Secretary-General Trygve Lie . Ambassador Returning to London, Jebb served as Deputy to the Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin at the Conference of Foreign Ministers before serving as the Foreign Office's United Nations Adviser (1946-47). He represented the United Kingdom at the Brussels Treaty Permanent Commission with personal rank of ambassador. He became the United Kingdom's Ambassador to the United Nations from 1950 to 1954 and to Paris from 1954-1960. Political career In 1960 Jebb was made a hereditary peer and as Baron Gladwyn became involved in politics as a member of the Liberal Party . He was Deputy Leader of the Liberals in the House of Lords 1965-1988 and spokesman on foreign affairs and defence.

An ardent European, he served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1973 to 1976, where he was also the Vice-President of the Parliament's Political Committee. He unsuccessfully contested the Suffolk seat in the European Parliament in 1979. When asked why he had joined the Liberal party in the early 1960s, he replied that the Liberals were a party without a general and that he was a general without a party. Like many Liberals, he passionately believed that education was the key to social reform. Other activities He became a good cook and for a long time was chairman of the British government's wine committee. A good shot, he never ceased to be interested by rural pursuits. He was a friend of Cyril Connolly and of Nancy Mitford . Death He died in 1996, and is buried at St. Andrew's, Bramfield in the county of Suffolk. Lady Gladwyn Jebb's wife, Cynthia, Lady Gladwyn, was a noted diarist of their times in Paris and a hostess of Liberal and London politics. She was the great-grand daughter of Isambard Kingdom Brunel .

Honours Secretary-General of the United Nations | Nations Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Secretary-General of the United Nations 1,404pages on UN Secretary-General webpage The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the Secretariat of the United Nations , one of the principal organs of the United Nations. The Secretary-General also acts as the de facto spokesperson and leader of the United Nations. The current Secretary-General is Ban Ki-moon of South Korea , who took office on 1 January 2007. His first term will expire on 31 December 2011. He was re-elected, unopposed, to a second term on 21 June 2011. [1] Contents Edit The Secretary-General was envisioned by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a "world moderator," but the office was defined in the UN Charter as the organization's "chief administrative officer" (Article 97). Nevertheless, this more restricted description has not prevented the office holders from speaking out and playing important roles on global issues, to various degrees. The official residence of the Secretary-General is a five-story townhouse in the Sutton Place, Manhattan , in New York City, USA.

The townhouse was built for Anne Morgan in 1921, and donated to the United Nations in 1972. [2] Term and selection Edit Dag Hammarskjöld was a particularly active UN Secretary-General from 1953 until his death in 1961. Hammarskjöld acted as a mediator during the Suez Crisis and the 1960 capture of a US reconnaissance plane by the USSR . He also established the first UN peacekeeping force that had been proposed by Canadian Minister of External Affairs, Lester B. Pearson . See also: United Nations Secretary-General selection, 2006 Secretaries-General serve for five-year terms that can be renewed indefinitely, although none so far has held office for more than two terms. [3] The United Nations Charter provides for the Secretary-General to be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council . As a result, the selection is subject to the veto of any of the five permanent members of the Security Council. The UN Charter's terse language has since been supplemented by other procedural rules and also accepted practices. In practice, the Secretary-General cannot be a national of any of the Permanent Members of the Security Council.

An accepted practice of regional (continental) rotation has also been adopted in the selection of successive candidates. The ability of candidates to converse in both English and French is also considered an unofficial qualification for the office. Most Secretaries-General are compromise-candidates from middle powers and with little prior fame. High-profile candidates are often touted for the job, but are almost always rejected as unpalatable to some. For instance, figures like Charles de Gaulle , Dwight Eisenhower , and Sir Anthony Eden were considered for the first Secretary-General position, but were rejected in favour of the uncontroversial Norwegian Trygve Lie . Dag Hammarskjöld remains the only Secretary-General to have died in office. In the early 1960s, Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev led an effort to abolish the Secretary-General position. The numerical superiority of the Western powers combined with the one state, one vote system meant that the Secretary-General would come from one of them, and would typically be sympathetic towards the West. Khrushchev advanced a proposal to replace the Secretary-General with a three-person leading council (a " troika "): one member from the West, one from the Communist states , and one from the Non-Aligned powers.

This idea failed because the neutral powers failed to back the Soviet proposal. [4] [5] Secretaries-General Note: Alger Hiss was Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on International Organization , held in April to June 1945. # gladwyn jebb 1st baron gladwyn : definition of gladwyn jebb 1st baron gladwyn and synonyms of gladwyn jebb 1st baron gladwyn (English) 14 External links Early life and family life The son of Sydney Jebb, of Firbeck Hall, Yorkshire , Jebb was educated at Eton College , then Magdalen College, Oxford , gaining a first in History. In 1929 he married Cynthia Noble, with whom he had one son and two daughters, Miles, Vanessa, married to the historian Hugh Thomas , and Stella, married to the scientist Joel de Rosnay .

Diplomatic career Jebb entered the Diplomatic Service in 1924, served in Tehran , where he became known to Harold Nicolson and to Vita Sackville-West and in Rome, as well as at the Foreign Office in London where, amongst other positions, he served as the Private Secretary to the Head of the Diplomatic Service. World War II In August 1940, Jebb was appointed to the Ministry of Economic Warfare with temporary rank of Assistant Under-Secretary. In 1942 he was appointed Head of the Reconstruction Department and in 1943 was made a Counsellor within the Foreign Office. In this capacity he attended numerous international conferences, including those at Tehran , Yalta and Potsdam . Acting UN Secretary-General After World War II, he served as Executive Secretary of the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations in August 1945, being appointed Acting United Nations Secretary-General from October 1945 to February 1946 until the appointment of the first Secretary-General Trygve Lie . He remains the only UN Secretary General or Acting Secretary General to come from a permanent member state of the UN Security Council .

Ambassador Returning to London, Jebb served as Deputy to the Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin at the Conference of Foreign Ministers before serving as the Foreign Office's United Nations Adviser (1946–47). He represented the United Kingdom at the Brussels Treaty Permanent Commission with personal rank of ambassador. He became the United Kingdom's Ambassador to the United Nations from 1950 to 1954 and to Paris from 1954-1960. In the latter role he was angered that secret negotiations between the British, French and Israelis in advance of the Suez invasion in 1956 took place at Sèvres without his knowledge, and, in certain respects, he was sidelined by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan at the Paris "big power" summit in 1960. [1] His rather "grand" manner caused Foreign Secretary Selwyn Lloyd to coin the epigram, "You're a deb , Sir Gladwyn Jebb". [2] Political career He was knighted in 1949. In 1960 Jebb was made a hereditary peer and as Baron Gladwyn became involved in politics as a member of the Liberal Party .

He was Deputy Leader of the Liberals in the House of Lords 1965-1988 and spokesman on foreign affairs and defence. An ardent European, he served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1973 to 1976, where he was also the Vice-President of the Parliament's Political Committee. He unsuccessfully contested the Suffolk seat in the European Parliament in 1979. When asked why he had joined the Liberal party in the early 1960s, he replied that the Liberals were a party without a general and that he was a general without a party. Like many Liberals, he passionately believed that education was the key to social reform. Other activities He became a good cook and for a long time was chairman of the British government's wine committee. A good shot, he never ceased to be interested by rural pursuits. He was a friend of Cyril Connolly and of Nancy Mitford . Death He died in 1996, and is buried at St. Andrew's, Bramfield in the county of Suffolk. Lady Gladwyn Jebb's wife, Cynthia, Lady Gladwyn , was a noted diarist of their times in Paris and a hostess of Liberal and London politics.

She was the great-grand daughter of Isambard Kingdom Brunel . Honours List of Secretaries General of the United Nations List of Secretaries General of the United Nations Mar 25, 2013 13:09 ISTJagran Josh Served as Acting Secretary-General until Lie's election Trygve Lie Sweden Western European & Others Died in a plane crash in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), while on a peacekeeping mission to the Congo U Thant Trygve Lie : definition of Trygve Lie and synonyms of Trygve Lie (English) 8 External links Early life Lie was born in Kristiania on 16 July 1896. His father, carpenter Martin Lie, left the family to emigrate to the United States in 1902, never to be heard of again. He grew up in simple circumstances with his mother and a six year old sister. His mother Hulda ran a boarding house and café in Grorud near Oslo. [2] Lie joined the Labour Party in 1911 and was named as the party's national secretary soon after receiving his law degree from the University of Oslo in 1919.

Lie was editor-in-chief for Det 20 århundre ('The 20th Century') from 1919 to 1921. From 1922 to 1935 he was a legal consultant for the Workers' National Trade Union (named Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1957). He chaired the Norwegian Workers' Confederation of Sports from 1931 to 1935. [3] Political career In local politics he served as a member of the executive committee of Aker municipality council from 1922 to 1931. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 1937. He was appointed Minister of Justice when a Labour Party government was formed by Johan Nygaardsvold in 1935. Lie was later appointed Minister of Trade (July to October 1939) and Minister of Supplies (October 1939 to 1941).

A socialist from an early age, [2] Lie once met Vladimir Lenin while on a Labour Party visit to Moscow [4] and gave permission for Leon Trotsky to settle in Norway after he was exiled from the Soviet Union . However, because of pressure from Joseph Stalin , he forced Trotsky to leave the country. [5] In 1940, when Norway was invaded by Nazi Germany , Lie ordered all Norwegian ships to sail to Allied ports. In 1941 Lie was named as Foreign Minister of the Norwegian government-in-exile, and he remained in this position till 1946. United Nations career Lie led the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations conference in San Francisco in 1946 and was a leader in drafting the provisions of the United Nations Security Council . He was the leader of the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations general assembly in 1946. On 1 February 1946, he was elected as the first Secretary General of the United Nations as a result of a compromise between the major powers, having missed to be elected President of the first General Assembly by only a small margin. As Secretary General, Lie supported the foundations of Israel and Indonesia .

His passionate support for Israel included passing secret military and diplomatic information to Israeli officials. [6] He worked for the withdrawal of Soviet forces in Iran and a ceasefire to fighting in Kashmir . He attracted the ire of the Soviet Union when he helped gather support for the defence of South Korea after it was invaded [7] in 1950 and later worked to end the Soviet boycott of UN meetings, though his involvement had little to do with the eventual return of the Soviet Union to the UN. He was opposed to Spain 's entry into the United Nations because of his opposition to Francisco Franco 's government. [8] He also sought to have the People's Republic of China recognized by the United Nations [7] after the Nationalist government was exiled to Taiwan , arguing that the People's Republic was the only government that could fulfill the membership obligations in full. He has been criticized for his failures to facilitate negotiation in the Berlin Blockade , as well as his failure to bring about a swifter end to the Korean War.

His critics argue that he was under the influence of a select few in the UN Secretariat.[ citation needed ] He has also been criticized for his arrogance and stubbornness.[ citation needed ] On 1 November 1950, over objections from the Soviet Union, the UN General Assembly voted by 46 votes to 5 (and 8 abstentions) to extend Lie's term of office. [9] The vote was a consequence of an impasse in the Security Council in which the US refused to accept any candidate except Lie while the Soviet Union refused to consider Lie due to his involvement in the Korean War . The Soviet Union subsequently refused to acknowledge Lie as Secretary General and, having been accused by Joseph McCarthy of hiring "disloyal" Americans – an allegation that he attributed to the pressing need for civil servants following the establishment of the UN – Lie resigned on November 10, 1952. [10] Some scholars rank him at the bottom of all UN secretary-generals; one who "presided over a long list of diplomatic failures, tarnished the UN, and accomplished very little".

[11] On the other hand it can be argued that Trygve Lie built the United Nations organisation from nothing, including establishing a physical presence in a huge office building on Manhattan, after having started in a sort of gypsy camp out on Long Island.[ citation needed ] In addition to this he had to deal with a number of post-WW2 conflicts and conflicts with roots in the creation of the Iron Curtain.[ citation needed ] After the United Nations Lie remained active in Norwegian politics after his resignation from the UN. He was the County Governor of Oslo and Akershus , Chairman of the Board of Energy, Minister of Industry , [12] and Minister of Trade and Shipping . He wrote a number of books. Personal life He married Hjørdis Jørgensen (1900-1960), in 1921. The couple had three daughters, Sissel, Guri, and Mette. Lie died on 30 December 1968 of a heart attack in Geilo , Norway. He was 72 years old. [7] Awards and honors Trygve Lie was awarded a large number of Norwegian and foreign orders.

Among these, the Norwegian highest civilian award Medal for Outstanding Civic Service (Medaljen for borgerdåd) (1966), the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog (1954) and Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (1953). He was awarded numerous honorary doctorates by universities throughout the U.S. and Europe. Trygve Lie was the holder of a number of other orders, decorations and other honors. Trygve Lie′s space is located in Furuset center in Oslo. In the square stands the bronze statue of Trygve Lie, created by the Norwegian artist Nicolaus Widerberg which was erected in 1994. Trygve Lie Gallery and Trygve Lie Plaza are both located in New York City. Selected works Den nye arbeidstvistlov, 1933 De forente nasjoner, 1949 Syv år for freden, 1954 (published in English as In the Cause of Peace: Seven Years With the United Nations) Internasjonal politikk, 1955 Leve eller dø.

Norge i krig, 1955 Med England i ildlinjen 1940–42, 1956 Hjemover, 1958 United Nations Secretary-General - The Full Wiki 6 External links Role The Secretary-General was envisioned by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a "world moderator," but the office was defined in the UN Charter as the organization's "chief administrative officer" (Article 97). Nevertheless, this more restricted description has not prevented the office holders from speaking out and playing important roles on global issues, to various degrees. The official residence of the Secretary-General is a five-story townhouse in the Sutton Place neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City , New York , United States . The townhouse was built for Anne Morgan in 1921, and donated to the United Nations in 1972. [1] Term and selection Dag Hammarskjöld was a particularly active UN Secretary-General from 1953 until his death in 1961. Hammarskjöld acted as a mediator during the Suez Crisis and the 1960 capture of a US reconnaissance plane by the USSR .

He also established the first UN peacekeeping force that had been proposed by Canadian Minister of External Affairs, Lester B. Pearson . See also: United Nations Secretary-General selection, 2006 Secretaries-General serve for five-year terms that can be renewed indefinitely, although none so far has held office for more than two terms; [2] most have served two terms. The Charter provides for the Secretary-General to be appointed by the General Assembly upon the nomination of the Security Council . Therefore, the selection is subject to the veto of any of the five permanent members of the Security Council. The UN Charter's terse language has since been supplemented by other procedural rules and also accepted practices. In practice, the Secretary-General cannot be a national of any of the Permanent Members of the Security Council. An accepted practice of regional (continental) rotation has also been adopted in the selection of successive candidates. The ability of candidates to converse in both English and French is also considered an unofficial qualification for the office. Most Secretaries-General are compromise-candidates from middle powers and with little prior fame. High-profile candidates are often touted for the job, but are almost always rejected as unpalatable to some.

For instance, figures like Charles de Gaulle , Dwight Eisenhower , and Sir Anthony Eden were considered for the first Secretary-General position, but were rejected in favor of the uncontroversial Norwegian Trygve Lie . Due to international politics and the mechanicisms of political compromise , there are many similarities between the process and ideals for selecting the Secretary-General and those of selecting leading figures in other international organizations, such as the election of Popes in the Roman Catholic Church , or the Premier of the former Soviet Union .[citation needed] Dag Hammarskjöld remains the only Secretary-General to have died in office. In the early 1960s, Soviet ruler Nikita Khrushchev led an effort to abolish the Secretary-General position. The numerical superiority of the Western powers combined with the one state, one vote system meant that the Secretary-General would come from one of them, and would typically be sympathetic towards the West. Khrushchev advanced a proposal to replace the Secretary-General with a three-person leading council (a " troika "): one member from the West , one from the Communist states , and one from the Non-Aligned powers. This idea failed because the neutral powers failed to back the Soviet proposal.

Secretaries-General Note: Alger Hiss was Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on International Organization , held in April to June 1945. # List of Secretaries General of the United Nations List of Secretaries General of the United Nations Mar 25, 2013 13:09 IST Jagran Josh Served as Acting Secretary-General until Lie's election Trygve Lie Sweden Western European & Others Died in a plane crash in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), while on a peacekeeping mission to the Congo U Thant Lord Gladwyn Is Dead at 96; Briton Helped Found the U.N. - The New York Times The New York Times World |Lord Gladwyn Is Dead at 96; Briton Helped Found the U.N. Search Lord Gladwyn, a patrician diplomat who helped draft the Charter of the United Nations and served as Britain's representative at the organization in the early days of the cold war, died on Thursday. He was 96. His family said he died at his home in Halesworth, 90 miles northeast of London.

As Gladwyn Jebb, Lord Gladwyn was appointed Acting Secretary General of the United Nations in 1946 and organized the General Assembly's first meeting, which was held in London before the construction of the United Nations headquarters in Manhattan. He held the post until Trygve Lie of Norway was named Secretary General in late 1946. As Britain's representative at the United Nations from 1950 to 1954, he became a familiar figure to television audiences as he fenced verbally with diplomats from the Soviet Union. When an interviewer asked him why Russian was not among the several languages he spoke, he replied that he did know a little Russian. ''There is one word I have come to know very well, because I hear it so much,'' he said. '' 'Nyet!' '' His piercing eyes and scathing wit during Security Council debates in 1950 and 1951 brought him hundreds of fan letters each week. ''I must say I was rather astonished at the volume and temper of the mail I received,'' he said in the fall of 1950. ''And no complaints about my English accent.

Surprising!'' Advertisement Continue reading the main story He was British Ambassador to France from 1954 to 1960 and a member of the European Parliament from 1973 to 1975. In 1960 he was given a hereditary peerage in the House of Lords and chose the name Lord Gladwyn. Born in Yorkshire, Hubert Miles Gladwyn Jebb grew up familiar with the privileges and obligations of inherited wealth. His father, a much-traveled soldier, had himself been born to money. The future Lord Gladwyn followed an almost predictable life path for males born into the British upper class. He was educated at Eton and at Oxford, where he excelled in history, and entered the Foreign Service in 1924. He was spotted early as a man who combined an organizational mind with a far-reaching imagination. Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to.

Sign Up Privacy Policy Thus in the spring of 1942, when only the most optimistic military analysts were certain of an Allied victory, he was named head of a new Foreign Office section to plan on dealing with postwar problems. In 1943 he accompanied Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden to Washington to confer on the prospects for an international organization dedicated to peace. In 1944 he was a British delegate to the Dumbarton Oaks conference in Washington, which laid the groundwork for the United Nations. He also took part in the United Nations organizational conference at San Francisco in 1945. He attended the Yalta Conference in February 1945. In an interview a quarter-century later, he recalled being shocked at the appearance of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. ''We said to ourselves that he shouldn't have come, he looked so ill,'' he recalled. Roosevelt died two months later. In a 1984 interview, Lord Gladwyn said he agreed with the view of some historians that Roosevelt had tried too hard to please Stalin at Yalta. And he expressed admiration for Harry S.

Truman, whom he called ''one of the best American Presidents, outshining even his famous predecessor.'' Truman was not as clever as Roosevelt, not as ''charmingly aristocratic,'' nor as good a public speaker, Lord Gladwyn said. But he called Truman ''tougher, much better read, more courageous, more commonsensical, more shrewd.'' Lord Gladwyn's wife, Cynthia, whom he married in 1929, died in 1990. Survivors include a son, Miles, who becomes the new Lord Gladwyn, and two daughters, Stella and Vanessa.

Question: Gladwyn Jebb served as acting Secretary-General of which organisation until the election of Trygve Lie in 1946?
Answer: UNITED NATIONS