Pekingese - Dog Breed Reviews - Dogs.com.au ARTICLES PEKINGESE Pekingese or Pekinese is an ancient breed of toy dog, originating in China. They were the favored pet of the Chinese Imperial court, and the name relates to the city of Beijing where the Forbidden City resides. The breed has several characteristics and health issues related to its unique appearance. These dogs are also called Dogs of Foo (or Fu) by the Chinese, and how much they are revered can be seen in the number of Chinese artworks depicting them. They were considered a guardian spirit as they resembled Chinese lions. History The breed originated in China in antiquity, in the city of Peking most likely from Asian wolves. Another theory proposed by Professor Ludvic von Schulmuth is that the "Gobi Desert Kitchen Midden Dog", a scavenger, evolved into the "Small Soft-Coated Drop-Eared Hunting Dog". From this dog evolved the Pekingese, Tibetan Spaniel, and Japanese Chin.

The Professor studied canine origins by studying the skeletal remains of dogs found in human settlements as long as ten thousand years ago and believed different branches of this "Kitchen Midden Dog" also gave rise to the Papillon and Long haired Chihuahua, as well as the Shih Tzu and the Pug. Recent DNA analysis confirms that the Pekingese breed is one of the oldest breeds of dog. For centuries, they could be owned only by members of the Chinese Imperial Palace. During the Second Opium War, in 1860, the Forbidden City was invaded by Allied troops. The Emperor Xianfeng had fled with all of his court. However an elderly aunt of the emperor remained. When the 'foreign devils' entered, she committed suicide. She was found with her five Pekingese mourning her passing. They were removed by the Allies before the Old Summer Palace was burnt. Lord John Hay took a pair, later called 'Schloff', and 'Hytien' and gave them to his sister, the Duchess of Wellington, wife of Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington. Sir George Fitzroy took another pair, and gave them to his cousins, the Duke and Duchess of Richmond and Gordon.

Lieutenant Dunne presented the fifth Pekingese to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, who named it Looty. The Empress Dowager Cixi presented Pekingese to several Americans, including John Pierpont Morgan and Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, who named it Manchu. The first Pekingese in Ireland was introduced by Dr. Heuston. He established smallpox vaccination clinics in China. The effect was dramatic. In gratitude, the Chinese minister, Li Hung Chang presented him with a pair of Pekingese. They were named Chang and Lady Li. Dr. Heuston founded the Greystones kennel. Appearance The Pekingese breed is over 2000 years old and has hardly changed in all that time. One exception is that modern breeders and dog-show judges seem to prefer the long-haired type over the more-traditional spaniel-type coat. All breed standards allow all sorts of color combinations. The most common is gold; this is the color of the majority of Pekingese exhibited. Although the breed once came in a variety of colours, the majority of Pekingese are gold, red or sable.

Light gold, cream, black, white, sables, black and tan and occasionally 'blue' or slate grey have appeared in the breed. The latter often has poor pigment and light eyes. Albino Pekingese (white with pink eyes) should be bred cautiously due to health problems that have been associated with albinism. The Chinese bred them to be companions to the Emperor of China and his ladies and eunuchs. They have short legs that are bowed. It is said that this was done to discourage wandering. However, they can and will keep up with the big dogs when allowed. The bowed legs makes their walk, run, or trot quite striking. The juvenile appearance of the Pekingese has been attributed to the artificial, perhaps inadvertent, paedomorphosis of an "ancestral" form of the dog through breeding. Pekes weigh from 7 to 14 pounds (3-6 kg) and stand about 6-9 inches (15-23 cm) at the withers. Temperament These dogs can be stubborn and jealous. Do not expect this dog to come when it is called. Pekes are sometimes aggressive, especially to other dogs.

It may take a long time for Pekes to get used to any other dogs except puppies, mates, and siblings. However, Pekes can be properly socialized with dogs and other types of pets and can become fast friends. It is easy to believe that Pekes know that they are royalty and expect you to know it too. The Pekingese personality has been compared to a cat, although this isn't quite right. Where a cat can be trained, a Pekingese needs to be convinced that the training is beneficial to him as well as to you. But, if they love you they will do anything for you, even fight to the death to protect you. The Pekingese is generally a one-person dog. Many breeders will not place the breed in households with young or boisterous children as the Breed simply does not enjoy being mauled or expected to tear around in a manner that would be more befitting an agile Poodle or other small breeds. The Pekingese is a large dog in a small body. It expects to be respected and will not tolerate being treated otherwise. Health The leading cause of death for Pekes, as for many other Toy breeds, is congestive heart failure.

When diagnosed early and successfully treated with medication, a Peke with this problem can expect to live many years. A heart murmur is a potential sign of a problem, and must be evaluated by a veterinary cardiologist. Very often, the problem does not surface until the dog is 6 or more years old, so it is very difficult to screen the problem in a pup. Pekes' other main problems are eye issues and breathing problems, resulting from its tiny skull and flattened face, and skin allergies (and hotspots). An especially common problem is eye ulcers, which may develop spontaneously. Pekes should never be kept outside as their flattened faces and noses can develop breathing problems, which makes it difficult for them to regulate their body temperature in overly hot or cold weather. Their long backs, relative to their legs, make them vulnerable to back injuries. Care should be taken, when picking them up, to give Pekes adequate back support: one hand under the chest, the other under the abdomen. Short legs give some Pekes difficulty with stairs; older dogs may not be able to go up or down stairs alone. Care Keeping the Peke coat healthy and presentable requires brushing once a day.

If you do this, they will need to see a groomer only once every 3 months. If a Peke becomes dirty, it is important to take it to a groomer as soon as possible, as it is difficult to remove dirt from its coat once it has dried, but this can be avoided if by brushing regularly, especially the belly, and between the front and hind legs. One important thing for new owners to remember is that dogs intended as a house pet may be kept in a puppy cut which is much more low maintenance than a show cut. It is also important to remove dirt from the eye pores daily, and from the creases on the face to prevent sores (hotspots). Further Information Pekingese, Pekinese Dog Breed Information and Resources about Pekineses Pekingese Dog Breed Pekingese or Pekinese is an ancient breed of toy dog, originating in China. They were the favored imperial pet. Good-natured and happy, these dogs enjoy family environments, but require regular cleaning if in outdoor environments. Their eyes are very delicate as they sit above the socket rather than within the socket.

These dogs are also called Dogs of Foo (or Fu) by the Chinese, and how much they are revered can be seen in the number of Chinese artworks depicting them. They were considered a guardian spirit as they resembled Chinese lions (see Lion dance). In ancient times, Pekingese were kept by royal Chinese emperors. The emperor's Pekingese was to be treated like royalty. If someone tried to kidnap the Pekingese and the emperor found out, they would commonly have the kidnapper executed. The Pekingese Appearance The Pekingese breed is over 2000 years old and has hardly changed in all that time. One exception is that modern breeders and dog-show judges seem to prefer the long-haired type over the more-traditional spaniel-type coat. All breed standards allow all sorts of color combinations. The most common is gold; this is the color of the majority of Pekingese exhibited. Although the breed once came in a variety of colours, the majority of Pekingese are gold, red or sable. Light gold, cream, black, white, sables, black and tan and occasionally 'blue' or slate grey have appeared in the breed. The latter often has poor pigment and light eyes.

Albino Pekingese (white with pink eyes) should be bred catiously due to health problems that have been associated with albinoism. The Chinese bred them to be companions to the Emperor of China and his ladies and eunuchs. They have short legs that are bowed. It is said that this was done to discourage wandering. However, they can and will keep up with the big dogs when allowed. The bowed legs makes their walk, run, or trot quite striking. The juvenile appearance of the Pekingese has been attributed to the artificial, perhaps inadvertent, paedomorphosis of an "ancestral" form of the dog through breeding. Pekes weigh from 7 to 14 pounds (3-6 kg) and stand about 6-9 inches (15-23 cm) at the withers. Pekingese Resources Pekingese pictures HOME PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pekingese is an ancient toy breed of dog, originating in China. They were the favored imperial pet. Good-natured and happy, these dogs are a pleasure to keep.

Pekingese enjoy family environments, but require regular cleaning if in outdoor environments. Their eyes are very delicate as they sit above the socket rather than within the socket. Dog Pictures Pekingese | breed of dog | Britannica.com breed of dog affenpinscher Pekingese, breed of toy dog developed in ancient China , where it was held sacred and was kept as a palace dog by members of the imperial family. It was introduced to the West by English forces that looted the Imperial Palace at Peking ( Beijing ) in 1860. The Pekingese has been known, both in the East and in the West, as the “lion dog”—presumably because of its appearance, although it is also acclaimed as having lionlike independence and courage. It stands about 6 to 9 inches (15 to 23 cm) and weighs up to about 14 pounds (6.5 kg). The celebrated “ sleeve dogs” are very small Pekingese once carried by Chinese royalty in the sleeves of their robes. A long-haired dog, the Pekingese has a full mane and heavily haired thighs, forelegs, tail, and toes.

Its head is broad and flat, with hanging ears and a short, wrinkled muzzle. The coat may be solid or variegated in colour, but there is always a black mask across the face. Pekingese. dog domestic mammal of the family Canidae (order Carnivora). It is a subspecies of the gray wolf (C. lupus) and is related to foxes and jackals. The dog is one of the two most ubiquitous and popular domestic animals in the world (the cat is the other). For more than 12,000 years it has lived with... Beijing city, province-level shi (municipality), and capital of the People’s Republic of China. Few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China. The city has been an integral part of China’s history over the past... in dog: Toys ...the sort of dog that ladies of the court could carry with them. These dogs were largely pampered and treasured by aristocracy around the world. Several of these breeds come from ancient lineage. The Pekingese and the Japanese Chin were owned by royalty.

No one else was permitted to own one of these breeds. They were carefully bred and nurtured, and until the mid-20th century they were not... 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles Assorted Reference Pekingese - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The Pekingese is a breed of toy dog known for its abundant hair, dainty, puglike facial features, and down-turned mouth, which gives the breed a frowning appearance. The dog’s coat is long, straight, and slightly harsh to the touch. It may be solid or variegated in color, but there is always a black mask across the face. The ears are long, feathered, and often brushed to blend with the rest of the coat. The eyes are large, round, and dark. The tail is long, plumed, and carried loosely curled over the back. The adult Pekingese stands 6-9 inches (15-23 centimeters) tall and weighs 6-14 pounds (3-6 kilograms). The dog has a patient and loyal demeanor. The breed was developed in ancient China, where it was held sacred and was kept as a palace dog by members of the imperial family.

It was introduced to the West by English forces that looted the Imperial Palace at Peking (Beijing) in 1860. The Pekingese has been known, both in the East and in the West, as the "lion dog"-presumably because of its appearance, although it is also acclaimed as having lionlike independence and courage. Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context.

(Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: April 22, 2008 URL: Access Date: January 15, 2017 Share A List of Phenomenally Popular Dog Breeds That Originated in China Follow Us A List of Phenomenally Popular Dog Breeds That Originated in China Dog breeds from China are phenomenally popular all over the world. And why not, since the group comprises Shih Tzus, Pekingese, Pugs, and Chinese Crested dogs. This Buzzle article profiles the most famous dogs breeds originating in China. Advertisement Did You Know?

Chinese Crested dogs have been champions at winning a certain competition almost every year―that of the World's Ugliest Dog. Previous winners include Mugly (2012), Yoda (2011), Miss Ellie (2009), Gus (2008), Elwood (2007), and Rascal (2002). But the champion of champions remains Sam, a blind Chinese Crested from California, who was voted the world's ugliest dog three times in a row (2003 - 2005). The Chinese take their dogs very seriously, as is evident from their historical accounts which document the presence of these beloved canines, both as guard and lap dogs. Some of the breeds which are profiled here have been known to be around since the past 2,000 years, whereas the origin of a few, like the Japanese Chin is slightly debated. Shar Pei Several DNA tests have now revealed that the Shar Pei is one of the oldest dog breeds in the world―there is conclusive evidence proving their existence as far back as the time of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE). Currently, the breed finds itself among the rarest in the world.

Appearance One can easily spot a Shar Pei from a mile away―the huge head, the sand-colored coat, and the unmissable wrinkles, especially in case of a Shar Pei pup. Their coat evens out as they grow, but the face may remain a bit wrinkled. Another striking feature is their blue-black tongue, which compels us to believe that they are descendants of another ancient Chinese breed, the Chow Chow. Personality Shar Peis were predominantly used as hunting dogs. It was much later that these dogs were made to participate in dog fighting. As a result, their personality is stubborn, and requires persistent behavioral and social training since a young age, failing which, they become very aggressive and territorial. If these qualities are reined in, Shar Peis are extremely loyal and devoted to their owners and become excellent family dogs. Chow Chow The Chow Chow is considered to be a contemporary of the Shar Pei, as far as history goes. This breed was an efficient hunting companion and a favorite among the royals. The Chinese valued this breed for its rich fur, and for its supposedly-delectable meat. Appearance The Chow Chow, just like the Shar Pei, has some distinct features, besides the shared trait of the blue-black tongue.

This breed bears an uncanny resemblance to lions, and are often groomed by their owners to take on the appearance of the big cat. They have a big head, which is covered by a thick mane, extending to the neck. Their eyes are relatively tiny as compared to the size of the head, and are deep set. Personality Chow Chows are inherently aloof by nature and can be suspicious of strangers. They need to be socialized since a young age, as they have quite a rebellious streak in them, which can prove troublesome when they grow up. They can be quite feline-esque at times, behaving in a reserved manner and being moody and shy. Chinese Crested Their dubious distinction has been chronicled at the top of this write-up, but it doesn't take anything away from the fact that Chinese Crested dogs are very lovable and amusing companions to keep. In the olden days, it was believed that the heat produced by their bodies had medicinal properties, and they were used to heat the painful parts of the body, much like the heating pad we use these days. Appearance The Chinese Crested is a toy breed, and comes in two varieties. The Hairless has soft, fine hair on its head, tail, and feet.

The skin on the rest of the body is soft and smooth. The Powderpuff is entirely covered with a double soft, straight coat. The ears of both are rather large and stick out of the sides of the head. Personality Chinese crested dogs are very patient and loving. They love to play and run around, and possess high levels of intelligence. They can get irritated quickly when teased, which is why they need to be trained to be around children and other pets since a young age. Pekingese The Pekingese was a coveted breed in ancient China―only the royalty could own it. Anyone trying to steal the dog faced the death penalty. The breed gets its name from the city of Peking, which we now know as Beijing. The Pekingese is classified as a toy breed, but don't let its diminutive size fool you into thinking it is a docile little being. Appearance The Pekingese is short, with an elongated body. The head is big, dotted with two large, sparkling eyes. It has a double-layered fur, with a thick, fluffy inner coat and an outer coat made of long, straight hair that is rough to touch.

This mane extends beyond the neck, and touches the ground, and needs persistent brushing to keep it from tangling. Personality Pekingese take their personality from their royal ancestors and are very well-mannered and dignified. They are also very playful and affectionate with their owners. These dogs are perfect to keep in apartments owing to their small size, and the fact that they are fairly independent. Pug Pugs easily rank among the most popular breed of dogs in the world. Their compact size, along with their 'so-ugly-it's-cute' face makes them a must-have pet for dog lovers. The American Kennel Club mentions that pugs were the favored pets of Buddhist monks in ancient China. Appearance Compact and cute as a button, pugs are irresistibly attractive little fellas. They are square and chubby, with a distinct 'mask' on the muzzle. Their beady eyes are very prominent. They are short and wide-chested, with a double-ringed tail. The fur is short, dense, and glossy. Personality Pugs are affable by nature, and a sheer delight to have around. They are very attached to their masters, and a suckers for attention.

Sensitive and sociable, pugs need basic training to compliment their friendly temperament. Shih Tzu The Shih Tzu is believed to be a cross between the Lhasa Apso and the Pekingese. Just like their parent breeds, this one too was immensely popular among the royals of the day. Quite in the line of the Pekingese, Shih Tzus were among the 'lion dog' breeds as well. Appearance A short muzzle, with a largish head and an elongated body makes up the Shih Tzu. The over coat is long and silky, layered over a dense under coat―it goes without saying that these dogs need regular grooming sessions to keep their fur in top condition. A distinct feature of the breed is their underbite, which is a standard requirement. Personality Lively, alert, and active, Shih Tzus make excellent guard dogs. Behavioral training is vital as these dogs tend to have a mind of their own. This, coupled with their guarding tendencies make for a rather suspicious dog who will charge on strangers if he isn't contained on command. Nevertheless, a Shih Tzu will be a fabulous house pet, and easily adapt to an apartment life.

Japanese Chin The Japanese Chin's name can be misleading when it comes to its place of origin, which is accepted to be China. It was from here that the breed made its way into the Imperial Palace, and was later known to be the favored breed of Japanese royalty. Appearance The Japanese Chin is a toy breed. Its body is compact and covered with silky straight hair, which gives it a refined and elegant look. The head is small, with rather large round and expressive eyes. These dogs have a graceful gait, which makes them popular show dogs. Personality If you are undecided on whether you are a cat person or a dog person, this is the breed for you. Though the Japanese Chin is technically a dog, it does have several cat-like traits. This dog uses its paws to clean its face, is very intelligent and aloof, but loves attention all the same. It loves to hide in unexpected corners, and is wary of strangers. All in all, this breed is as close you can get to a cat-dog amalgamation. Besides these, there are two other breeds which have been accepted to have Chinese origins. First, the Chinese Chongqing dog, which was once a hunting companion, but has now been reduced to a rarity.

This breed was known to exist since the time of the Han Dynasty, about 2,000 years ago, but is sparingly seen now, even in China. The other breed is the Chinese Imperial dog, which was classified under the Shih Tzu breed until very recently, after which it was declared to be an independent breed. Renuka Savant History of the Pekingese | Pekingese Central History of the Pekingese History of the Pekingese The Pekingese is one of the oldest dog breeds in the world. The Pekingese dog breed started in ancient China where only the Imperial family were permitted to own them. They were bred for religious purposes, but they became the pet of the emperors and his family. Pekingese were royal pets and they were treated royally – which can help to explain their temperament. Common people had to bow down to a Pekingese, if one of them were to pass nearby. The penalty for being cruel to or removing one from the royal palace was the death penalty. The British brought the cute dog breed to the Western world in 1860 by way of a presentation to Queen Victoria.

History and Influence of the Pekingese Dog Breed The Pekingese is, historically, quite an influential breed. It’s appearance in England in 1860 jump started the creation of many of the breeds we know and enjoy today. From the video “Creation of the Pekingese Dog”. Because of the middle class, the arrival of this tiny Chinese dog in Queen Victoria’s London court in 1860 was to have far-reaching consequences. The Pekingese was created not by the harshness of an environment, but by the power of religious beliefs. Also known as the “lion dog”, the Pekingese was recorded to have been kept in China at the time of the Shu dynasty 2,000 years ago. China had recently become a buddhist country, but this conversion faced a significant stumbling block: the lion, which Buddha had tamed, creating a faithful servant and powerful protector – didn’t exist in China. Faced with the need for such a powerful religious symbol budhhist monks turned to dogs for the answer and chose the puppies most likely to help. The Pekingese was molded into existence by breeding from the smallest, hairiest dogs the monks could find to produce a miniature lion.

They were so successful, that the dogs became sacred symbols owned exclusively by the Imperial family. Removing them from the palace precinct was a crime punishable by death. The Pekingese is one of the earliest breeds with a written standard, setting out exactly what the animal should or should not look like. In 1860, the summer palace in Beijing was stormed by English troops, heralding the end of the mighty Chinese Empire. The Imperial dogs – carefully bred and nurtured for many centuries were slaughtered – to prevent them from falling into foreign hands. But 5 of the animals survived unnoticed in the chaos. These dogs were brought to England and the smallest one was presented to Queen Victoria. Its tiny legs and flattened snout caused a huge stir and became a fast favorite in high society. Owning a lap dog was the ultimate status symbol. And for the newly moneyed middle classes with time on their hands, it was just the inspiration they’d been looking for. Breeding dogs and keeping them as pets, or the “dog fancy” as it was known quickly became the hobby of choice and an affordable opportunity for the middle classes to produce their own versions of the elite’s essential canine accessory.

Watch the video “Creation of the Peking Dog”: Share this: Shih Tzu Dog Breed | History and Health Pictures History & Origin The origin of the Shih Tzu dates back many centuries to ancient China and Tibet. It is thought that the breed developed by crossing miniature Chinese breeds with small Tibetan breeds – in particular, Lhasa Apsos with the Pekingese. The Shih Tzu was always a favorite of the Emperors of China. During the Tang Dynasty, a pair of these dogs were said to be given to the Chinese court by the king of Vigur. More were sent later by the people of the Ho Chou. In the mid-1600s, small dogs which resembled lions were brought from Tibet to China, and these dogs were used to develop the Shih Tzu breed we know today. The Shih Tzu was popular during the Ming Dynasty as well, favored by royalty and commoners alike. The breed was favored by the Dowager Empress Cixi (T’zu His, 1861–1908). After her death, the palace kennels were dispersed and the dogs became rare.

In 1912, once China became a republic, occasional Shih Tzus came to England and later to Norway and North America. The breed almost became extinct in 1949 due to the Communist takeover. Thankfully, several breed fanciers kept their dogs, and it is thought that only 7 dogs and 7 bitches are the foundation of all Shih Tzus today. The Shih Tzu did not become well known to the western world until the 20th century, when it finally entered the show ring. The Peking Kennel Club was formed in 1934 and held its first international breed show that year. Lhasa Apsos and Lhasa Lion Dogs were entered and judged together, with clearly there being confusion between the two breeds. A standard for the Shih Tzu was developed by 1938, with the help of Madame de Breuil, a Russian refugee. This is reportedly the most poetic of all standards written for any breed.

Here are some of its comments: “The head of a lion; the round face of an owl; the lustrous eyes of a dragon; the oval tongue of a peony petal; the mouth of a frog; teeth like grains of rice; ears like palm-leaves; the torso of a bear; the broad back of a tiger; the tail of a phoenix; the legs of an elephant; toes like a mountain range; a yellow coat like a camel; and the movement of a goldfish.” In the early days of this breed, the golden yellow dogs were called Chin Chia Huang Pao; the yellow dogs with a white mane were called Chin Pan To Yueh (meaning “golden basin upholding the moon”), black and white dogs were called Wu Yun Kai Hsueh (meaning “black clouds over snow”), solid black dogs were called Yi Ting Mo (meaning “lump of ink”), and multicolored dogs were called Hua Tse (meaning “flowery child.”). Breeding of Shih Tzus in England began in 1930, when several pairs of the breed were brought there from China.

In particular, a black and white Shih Tzu named Lung Fu Ssu arrived in Ireland in 1930, and a black and white pair named Hibo and Shu Ssa came to England the same year. In 1932, one dog and two bitches were brought to Norway. When the Shih Tzus were shown against the Lhasa Apsos starting in 1933, it became clear that the two dogs were different breeds. The Shih Tzu Club of England was formed in 1935, and recognized that the Lhasa Apso and the Shih Tzu were entirely separate breeds. The Lhasa Apso has a narrower skull and a longer muzzle, while the Shih Tzu has a rounder skull and a shorter muzzle. American soldiers became fond of this breed during World War II and brought some back to the United States. Many more Shih Tzus were imported after this, once the American dog fancier population became enamored with them. The Shih Tzu was recognized in the Stud Book of the American Kennel Club in March of 1969. It began competing in the Toy Group in September of that same year.

The Shih Tzu has always been a companion dog, being extroverted, vivacious, confident and dignified. Its friendly, affectionate and trusting personality towards family and strangers alike is one of its most endearing qualities. Health Characteristics The average life span of the Shih Tzu is 11 to 15 years. Breed health concerns may include the following: Cleft Palate Pekingese facts - Directory of Dogs Search and adopt a Pekingese near you. The Pekingese or Peke also referred to as "Lion Dog", "Pelchie", or "Fu Dog" is an ancient breed of toy dog, originating in China. They were the favored pet of the Chinese Imperial court, and the name relates to the city of Beijing. The breed has several characteristics and health issues due to its unique appearance. The Pekingese breed is over 2000 years old and has hardly changed in over all that time. One exception is that today’s breeders and dog-show judges seem to prefer the longhaired type over the more-traditional spaniel-type coat. The Pekingese's flat face is one of the breed's most obvious of characteristics. The body is compact and low.

The legs are noticeably bowed and can restrict the Pekingese's movement. The Peke's unusual rolling gait may have been deliberately bred to prevent the Imperial court dogs from wandering. Pekes weigh from 7 to 14 lb. (3.2 to 6.4 kg) and stand about 6–9 inches (15–23 cm) at the withers, however they can be smaller. These smaller Pekes are commonly referred to as "Sleeve" Pekingese. The name is taken from ancient times, when emperors would carry the small breed in their sleeves. A Pekingese over 14 pounds is disqualified for show in the ring. The leading cause of death for Pekes, as with many other Toy breeds, is congestive heart failure. When diagnosed early and successfully treated a Peke with this problem can expect to live many years. A heart murmur is a potential sign, and must be evaluated by a veterinary cardiologist. Very often, the problem does not surface until the dog is 6 or more years old, so it is difficult to screen the problem in a pup.

Pekes' other main troubles are eye issues and breathing problems, resulting from its tiny skull and flattened face, skin allergies, and hotspots. An especially common problem is eye ulcers, which may develop. Pekes should never be kept outside as they can develop breathing problems, which makes it difficult for them to regulate their body temperature in overly hot or cold weather. Their long backs, relative to their short legs, make them vulnerable to back injuries. Care should be taken when picking them up, to give Pekes adequate back support: one hand under the chest, the other under the abdomen. Short legs give some Pekes difficulty with stairs; older dogs may not be able to go up or down them without assistance. In an effort to address the breathing difficulties caused by the Peke's flat face, the Kennel Club (UK) significantly changed the breed standard. In October 2008, removing the clause that the "profile [should be] flat with nose well up between eyes" and adding instead the "muzzle must be evident". This was in response to public opinion following the BBC program, Pedigree Dogs Exposed.

The breed standards of two other flat faced dogs, the Pug and English Bulldog, were soon also changed. Keeping the Peke coat healthy and presentable takes daily brushing. If you do this, they will need to see a groomer only every 3 months. If a Peke becomes dirty, it is recommended to take it to a groomer as soon as possible, as it is difficult to remove dirt from its coat once it has dried. This can be avoided by brushing regularly, especially the belly, and in between the front and hind legs. One important thing for new owners to remember is that this dog is intended as a house pet and may be kept in a puppy cut which is far more low maintenance than a show cut. It is also important to remove dirt from the eye pores daily, and from the creases on the face. Due to their abundant fur, it is important to keep the Pekingese cool. Pekes are indoor dogs and they are prone to having heatstroke when exposed to high temperature. Pekingese Sites: Pugs in Ancient Orient The mysterious Orient has gifted the Western World with a multitude of dog breeds.

The most endearing of these favors from the Far East is the Pug , a small monkey-faced companion with the heart and soul of a canine many times its size. The Chinese, were known to call Pugs by several names, among them: Foo or Fu Dog ; Pai-Dog ; Happa-Dog ; Lo-Chiang-Sze ; Lo-Chiang and Lo-Sze. When the Pug was sent from Korea to Japan, it was referred to as Sichuan Pai. And in Tibet the Pug was known as the Hand Dog. *Foo-Dogs* The Chinese were greatly influenced by superstitious ideas and religious values in the breeding of their dogs. The Chinese Emperors of the Han Dynasty, (206 B.C. to 220A.D.), were the first to become interested in sacred Lions. In China, the mythical Lion came alive with Buddhism, a foreign religion that reached China directly through the Sinkian trade route, from India through Tibet. The Manjusri Buddha , the God of Learning, was said to travel around the world as a simple monk accompanied by a small dog.

This dog, named Happa (pet), can be transformed instantly into a Lion, so the Buddha can riding upon his back. These Lions , often referred to in the Chinese language as Stone Lions, Buddha Lions, Buddha Dogs, or Foo Dogs, (the word Foo being Chinese for Buddha), are a representation of the Lion in pre-modern China, which is believed to have mystic protective powers that has traditionally stood in front of Chinese Imperial palaces, temples, Emperors' tombs, government offices, and the homes of government officials and the wealthy. There is no doubt that the lion did not exist in China. Chinese sculptors modeled Lion statues after native dogs as nobody in ancient China had ever seen a real lion before, (compare the Chow Chow, Pekingese, Shi-Tzu, Shar-Pei, Pug, etc., and closely related dog breeds originating in ancient China, also called Foo Dogs). Chinese Shar-Pei Foo Dogs are often created in pairs. The right Foo Dog is male and the left Foo Dog is female. They have curled hair, large eyes, an opening mouth and outstretched paws. Under the left paw of the male is a decorative, ornamental ball or pearl.

Under the right paw of the female is a playful lion cub usually lying on their back. For hundreds of years the Chinese Imperial Family bred their dogs to resemble these sacred Lions. *Pai-Dogs* Confucius, (551-479 B.C.) In ancient Chinese documents, it is recorded that short-mouthed dogs existed in China during the time of Confucius (551 B.C.- 478 B.C.). The Book of Rites, a Confucian classic, stated that "dogs are of three kinds: hunting dogs, watch dogs, and those used for culinary purposes". It is recorded that during this period in the Province of Shansi, those dogs were considered hunting dogs rather than pets: "Some of these were probably small dogs, for it is mentioned that after the dayï¿½s sport, one kind of dog followed its masterï¿½s chariot, while those having short mouths were carried in the carts". A reclining woman and her Pai-Dog About 1 A.D. the word "Pai " came into use in China, which appears to mean a short-legged and short-headed dog whose place was under the table.

(The Chinese table of the period was low, and those round it sat on mats.) In The Kangxi Dictionary , the most complete dictionary of Chinese characters ever put together at the time, commissioned in 1710 by Emperor Kang Hsi (or Kangxi ) of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, quotes two old encyclopedia as considering the word "Pai " to refer to : (1)"A dog with short legs ", quotation from the "Shuo-Wen Dictionary" Han Dynasty. About 150 A.D. (2)"A dog with a short head ", quotation from the "Kwang Yun," Sung Dynasty. About 1000 A.D. This authority states that the above character was also pronounced " p'ai " (pronounced pie in English). (3)"An under-table dog ", also quoted in the "Kwang Yun " . In ancient China all treasures, including pearls, jade, or rare animals, were considered to be Imperial property. History points to Ancient Chinese law that stated only the Emperors could own or gift a Pai and if anyone broke this law, he was liable to be punished to death. Breeding of these small dogs were permitted only within the Imperial palaces.

The small dogs, now considered sporting dogs, were bred by the eunuchs and court officials for the Emperor and other high officials. Pekingese dog, from an Imperial Dog Book(1686-1766) Illustrations of these dogs are found only in the stylized drawings and scrolls of ancient Chinese art. It appears that by the 1300s three types of small dog were favored: The Fu Lin, also known as Beijing Lion Dog or Beijing Royal Court Lion Dog, remarkably similar to the breed we know today as the Pekingese. Lo-Sze dogs The Shoku-Ken, thought to be the ancestor of the Japanese Chin. The Lo-Sze (pronounced low-tsu), progenitor of the modern Pug, sharing many characteristics of the Pekingese. The Lo-Sze was distinguished by its short muzzle, short hair, elastic skin, and the "Prince Mark " on its forehead. The Chinese had interbred these dogs, resulting in both short and long haired as well as variously colored pups in the same litter.

*Happa-Dogs* This dogs were also called Happa-Dogs, as a generic name for a small "lap-dog", which may be of Lo-Sze (Pug), Lion-Dog (Shih-Tzu), or Pekingese variety. A taxidermied Happa-Dog in the Rothschild Zoological Museum The exhibition label for the Happa-Dog in the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum in Tring, London, reads "Known in China since 700 BC. Probably the basic breed from which the Pekingese was developed and perhaps also ancestral to the Pug." Happa-Dog from 1915 The 1912 book titled "The Pekingese" by Miss Lillian Symthe ("Lady Betty") contains two photos of Ta-Jen as a youngster and refers to him as "the smooth dog". The book claimed that this "unique little Happa dog " was the only one known in England and represented the true type of Chinese Sleeve Dog. The book also stated that the dog was "Bought by de Hon. Mrs.

Lancelot Carnegie whilst at H.B.M.ï¿½s Legation at Pekin," a distinction wich no doubt helped in acquiring the Happa dog. PHOTO: "Ta-Jen and Li-Tzu , the Gold Medal winner with Mrs. Carnegieï¿½s Chinese maid, Shen Ah Nu". "Ta-Jen, the male Happa-Dog imported from Peking in 1906" As we can see from looking at a 19th Century photo of the two Japanese-Chin and a Pekingese owned by Queen Alexandra (Queen Consort to King Edward VII of England), it is obvious that the distinction between these two breeds was not as clearly defined as it is today. To add to the ambiguity, Pugs in China in past centuries produced in all colors, even particolor. So it could be that although Chinese artwork depicts dogs which to the modern Chin, Pug and Peke breeder appear to be their breedï¿½s direct ancestors, it may be that these representations are merely generic dogs that could just as easily be called "a particolor Pug", "a smooth coated Shih Tzu", or "a particolor Happa".

*Lo-Sze Dogs* Lo-Sze Dog Around 900 A.D., the word "Lo-Chiang-Sze " was used in the Peking area to describe a small dog that has short legs, a short head, and short hair. Lo-Chiang-Sze was shortened to " Lo-Chiang " and later to "Lo-Sze ". The Lo-Chiang dog was likely the Pai dog before 900 A.D. The word Lo-Chiang is important because it is the first mention of coat length, which allowed people to differentiate the Pug from the Pekingese. Chinese Pug, from an Imperial Dog Book. By Tsou Yi Kwei , (1686-1766) Vice-Minister of Board of Rites. The color of the Lo-Sze varied with most being parti-colored, while some were almost completely white. The Chinese placed considerable importance on superstitions regarding the color and markings bred in dogs. To the Chinese, every color and every marking served to crystallize some superstitious thought.

"Prince" Symmetrical markings, known as "The Prince Mark ", three horizontal wrinkles crossed by a vertical bar on the forehead of a short-mouthed dog, which makes the Chinese character for "Prince ", were of great value. Sometimes, the Chinese docked the dogs' tails for a symmetrical form. However, the curly tail (Sze Kuo Chuerh ) and the double curl tail were also known to have existed. Breeding to closely defined points and adhering to the pedigree standards was never done in China. The only recognizable standards to which dogs were bred are those contained in the Dog Books of each Imperial Master , as illustrated by the court painter. Each Emperor had illustrations of his favorite dogs made on scrolls or in books, which set the fashion in breeding. The highest compliment a Chinese breeder in Peking can give was to judge that a specimen was good enough to "go into the book," that is to say, into an Imperial Dog-Book. Such of these books as have been obtained portray dogs closely resembling the "Pekingese", the "Shih-tzu" and the "Pug".

A page of Chinese history reveals that Chinese Emperors belonging to various dynasties, beginning with the Shang Dynasty, 3000 years ago, were said to have bred a variety of small companion dogs. These pets were prized possessions of Chinese Emperors and lived in a most luxurious atmosphere and at times were even guarded by soldiers. Short Coated Pekingese They were privileged to have attendants look after them and rode in specially designed and built carriages to the hunting place while the other dogs would walk behind the carriages. The purpose of the carriage was to save the Paisï¿½ energy and conceal them from the popular before arriving at the hunting place. The Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to 220 A.D.) was marked by trade in silk, spices, Lo-Sze (Pugs) and Pekingeses to Western countries. The Emperor Ling Ti (168-190 A.D.) of the Han Dynasty kept in his Western Garden at Luoyang (Honanfu) a dog of which he was extremely fond, and to this animal he gave the official hat of the Chin Hsien grade, the most important literary rank of the period as well as an official belt.

Nearly, all the dogs which were reared by the Emperor Ling were given the rank of K'ai Fu (approximately that of a Viceroy) ; others that of Yi Tung (a rank probably equivalent to the present post of Imperial Guardian). The females were given the ranks of the wives of the corresponding officials. He also ordered that these small dogs are to be guarded by soldiers and fed only the best meat and rice. Korean Pai-Dog In the Tang Dynasty, (618 to 907 A.D.) Pugs, called Sichuan Pai (pronounced bai) dogs, were frequently sent as presents, first to Korea and then on to Japan, becoming very dear to the ladies of Japan. "Wo Tzu " became the Japanese word for the Chinese Pai-Dog. The Pai-Dog appears to have remained in fashion and became very famous. In the Buddhist Monasteries in Tibet , Buddhist monks are said to have bred Lhasa Apso and Pug as guard and companion dogs. Yang Kwei Fei One of the most famous references to small, short-faced dogs in Chinese history concerns Emperor Ming (A.D.

685-762) of the Tang Dynasty and his favorite wife, Yang Kwei Fei, whose beauty is widely acknowledged. Emperor Ming One day the Emperor was playing chess with a certain Prince. Emperor Ming was losing. His wife, who was an interested spectator, dropped her pet Pug named, "Wo " (pronounced Waugh), upon the board so that the pieces were upset and the game ruined, to the great delight of the Emperor. During this period, so careful was the breeding of the palace dogs that eight distinct primary species of the small, short-legged dog evolved, their differences appearing to be a matter of color and length of coat. The Yellow City was the home of thousands of dogs. Four thousand eunuchs, living in forty-eight sections of the palace, competed in producing remarkable specimens. The number of Lo-Sze , (Pugs), increased incredibly during the period of the Sung Dynasties (960 to 1279 A.D.). But after the end of the great Sung Dynasty, Pugs, Pekingese and other breeds became all but a memory.

The Tartar Dynasties, from 916 to 1125 A.D., did not have much interest in dogs. In the Ming Dynasty (1368 to 1644 A.D.) cat breeding flourished, some of the Chinese Emperors carrying their enthusiasm for cats to remarkable excess. Cats appear to have continued to be the favorite pets of the Chinese court ladies until the end of the Ming period, when they were replaced by small breeds of dogs. Italian Pug It was during the Ming period that modern European traders first entered into trade relations with the Chinese empire. The Portuguese began trading in Canton in the year 1516, Spain opened trading in 1575, the Dutch in 1604 and England in 1634. The Pug brought to Europe during this time became the root of European Pugs. By the start of the sixteenth century, references to dogs in Chinese art and literature were becoming frequent. Simultaneously, Japanese-Chin and Pugs, which appeared in Italian paintings, were in big demand. The printing of The First Imperial Dog Book was completed at the end of the seventeenth century.

This book, and the others that followed, were intended to set the standards for all breeds of dogs. The illustrations, however, done by Chinese court artists, are not realistic, so we cannot regard them as authoritative records of exact breed type. By 1820 breeding small Pai-Dogs became the fashion. Because the Emperors and their ladies wanted a tiny dog to pamper, play with and pet, dogs were carefully bred to such a size that they could be carried inside the wide sleeves of the robes of the ladies and the highest officials. This is how the term "Sleeve Dog " came about. Breeders were guided by "Sleeve Dog specifications". Still believes that its growth was impeded by artificial means, which were restricted to food and had the puppies inside wire cages until they reached maturity. The only dog described as a Sleeve Dog in some of the Imperial Dog Books was a short-coated Pai-Dog of very small size.

Empress Tsu-Hsi The Empress Dowager Tsu-Hsi, or Cixi (1835-1911), of the Manchu Dynasty , also known as Quing Dynasty, (1644 to 1912) who was known as "Old Buddha" , objected to artificial dwarfing of such small dogs. The Empress, personally concerned with their breeding and welfare, and being an artist, was chiefly interested in breeding for color and in developing symmetrical markings on her dogs. Strongly deploring the development of abnormalities such as bowed legs or a protruding tongue, she bred for the white spot on the forehead and the saddle mark on the dogs' backs. Until her death in 1911, the Empress was a brilliant breeder who was faithful in maintaining pure breed type throughout her whole kennel, and that kennel consisted of over a hundred dogs. At this time, three types of dogs were bred as palace companions with little difference in type but with different coat length.

Tsu Hsi closely supervised the initial Pug breeding to maintain breed characteristics separate from the Pekingese and the Shih Tzu , but after her death that same year, breeding practices became sloppy and cross-breeding with Pekingese and Shih-Tzu probably occurred. In 1860 British soldiers attacked the Imperial Palace , and during the occupation of the city many dogs were taken from their owners. In Peking, Pugs and Pekingese were sought after by dog fanciers from the west but not many of the palace specimens were imported to England until after the death of the Empress Dowager. Imperial Dog Scroll, instructress in painting to the Empress Dowager, 1890 From "Dogs of China and Japan in nature and art", by V.W.F. Collier The breed lost contact with its Chinese Heritage in 1949 when the Communist Party came to power in China. People were starving all over the country, and the Communist Party leaders considered it a waste of food to feed pet dogs. All pet dogs were ordered destroyed, and dogs whose lineage went back thousands of years were killed. Luckily, enough Pugs had been previously exported from China to Western countries that the breed continues today.

Question: What breed of dog was a favored imperial pet in ancient China?
Answer: Pekingese