United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing | Article about United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing by The Free Dictionary United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing | Article about United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Related to United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing: Shaking Quakers Shakers, popular name for members of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, also called the Millennial Church. Members of the movement, who received their name from the trembling produced by religious emotion, were also known as Alethians. The movement originated in a Quaker revival in England in 1747, and was led by James and Jane Wardley. However, the sect, then known as the Shaking Quakers, grew strong only after the appearance of Ann Lee Lee, Ann, 1736–84, English religious visionary, founder of the Shakers in America. Born in Manchester, she worked there in the cotton factories and then became a cook. In 1762 she was married to Abraham Stanley, a blacksmith.

In 1758 she had joined the "Shaking Quakers. ..... Click the link for more information. . Imprisoned for her zeal, she believed herself the recipient of the mother element of the spirit of Christ. Following a vision, she and eight followers emigrated (1774) to New York state and in 1776 founded a colony at Watervliet, near Albany. Mother Ann, as she was known, gained a number of converts, who after her death (1784) began the formation of Shaker communities. By 1826 there were 18 Shaker communities in eight states, as far west as Indiana. After 1860, Shakerism began to decline; by 2000 it was almost nonexistent, with a tiny community in New Gloucester, Maine, constituting the only active Shaker village in the country. One of the fundamental doctrines of the society was belief in the dual nature of the Deity. The male principle was incarnated in Jesus; the female principle, in Mother Ann.

Other tenets were celibacy, open confession of sins, communal ownership of possessions in the advanced groups, separation from the world, pacifism, equality of the sexes, and consecrated work. Singing, dancing, and marching characterized phases of Shaker worship. The community was organized into groups, called families, of between 30 and 90 individuals. The believers donated their services and possessions but were always free to leave. Shaker furniture and handcrafts are noted for their fine design and crafting. Bibliography See E. D. Andrews and F. Andrews, Shaker Furniture (1937, repr. 1964) and The People Called Shakers (2d ed. 1963); J. G. Shea, American Shakers and Their Furniture (1970); H. C. Desroche, The American Shakers (tr. 1971); P. J. Brewer, Shaker Communities, Shaker Lives (1986); S. J. Stein, The Shaker Experience in America (1992); S. Skees, God among the Shakers (1998).

Shakers/United Society of Believers (religion, spiritualism, and occult) During the eighteenth century many Christian communities, sects, cults, and denominations were formed, each with its own expressive way of interpreting the Gospel. In Manchester, England, a group led by James Wardley broke off from a Quaker community (see Quakers/Religious Society of Friends) because they wanted to practice a form of religious expression foreign to Quaker tradition. They believed in the ideals of simplicity and gender equality beloved by Quakers, but their services were often interrupted as members experienced ecstatic dance and trembling when filled with the Holy Spirit. Because of this habit, they became known as "Shaking Quakers." Understandably for the time, they were soon the objects of persecution and harassment. One of the founders of the group was a young woman known as Ann Lee. During a long imprisonment she experienced a vision in which it was revealed to her that she was the Second Coming of Christ, the female component of "God the Father/Mother." Upon her release, "Mother Lee," as she came to be called, became the leader of the movement.

With a theology so radically different from mainstream Protestantism, the group, now called Shakers, were forced to immigrate to the United States, home of many diverse sects and cults. They arrived in New York City in May of 1774, gained some converts, and started a commune in Watervliet, New York. Their timing couldn't have been worse. Persecution intensified, first because the Shakers were different, second because the bumptious Revolutionary War spirit so prevalent in America at this time was often directed at anyone who had recently come over from England, and third because the Shakers were pacifists. They might have simply disappeared into history, forgotten like so many other small Christian cults, were it not for a religious revival called the New Light Stir that swept across New England beginning about the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Other independent but like-minded sects united with the Shakers, impressed by the preaching of Mother Lee, who traveled and taught extensively in the western portions of Massachusetts and surrounding states. She died in 1784 having accomplished what she had set out to do. The Shaker religion was now firmly entrenched. It wasn't just due to Mother Lee, however.

"Father John" Meachim recognized early on the attraction many people had for Shaker furniture, music, dancing, and books, all of which demonstrated simple design and flawless craftsmanship. These industries began to finance the organization and served as marketing tools. And it was good that they did, because the only way the Shaker religion was going to grow was by making converts. They couldn't "grow their own" like other religions because they practiced absolute celibacy. According to Mother Lee, sex was a gift given only for reproduction. It constituted the original sin in the Garden of Eden. The only way to grow spiritually was to return to the uncorrupted state of Adam and Eve before they started fooling around with something God had intended only as a reproductive duty. Needless to say, no babies have ever been born into the Shaker religion. That tends to keep the numbers down. By the 1880s Shakers had peaked in terms of numbers. They became sort of a tourist attraction that "worldly people" could observe. Their furniture and music were certainly in great demand. Ironically, there may have been more complicated musical arrangements of the Shaker tune "Simple Gifts" than of any other song.

No less a luminary than Leonard Bernstein tried his hand. But probably Aaron Copland's ballet music, Appalachian Spring, takes the prize for the most musically complex and embellished setting of a tune written to celebrate simplicity. On the other hand, thanks to Martha Graham's choreography, at least people dance to it. Mother Lee would have appreciated that. But all good things come to an end. Industrialization caught the fancy of the American public, and mass-produced chairs soon replaced the handcrafted Shaker furniture so sought after today by antique dealers. During the twentieth century the Shakers retreated into small communities, cutting way down on their contact with outsiders. In 1965 the group decided to accept no new members. Only two small communities, one in New Hampshire and the other in Maine, now remain. A few new members were received into the Maine community at Sabbath Lake during the 1990s, but some original members refused to recognize them. So, very soon, the Shakers will have no remaining presence save for their historical legacy and museum displays. Shakers The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing are popularly known as the _______.

- crossword puzzle clues & answers - Dan Word «Let me solve it for you» The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing are popularly known as the _______. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a cryptic one: The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing are popularly known as the _______.. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Here are the possible solutions for "The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing are popularly known as the _______." clue. It was last seen in British cryptic crossword. We have 1 possible answer in our database. Possible answer: Shakers Compendium (1859) - Section 1 of 4: Authentic Version INTRODUCTION. The United Society of Believers in Christs Second Appearing, at this day, stand before the public in a very different attitude from what they have ever done at the time of issuing any of their previous publications.

Many of the most obnoxious features of the Society  such as drew down upon it the opposition and secret or open persecution, particularly of religious professors  are now becoming the popular views of the times, at least of all the progressive minds of the age. Again. The ignorant or willful misconceptions of what were the actual doctrines, principles, and faith of the Society, are being corrected; and the false judgings of certain discrepancies existing between the profession and practice of the people, are almost entirely removed from the public mind. It is no longer believed that Ann Lee was a witch , because she was known to possess supernatural powers; or that the Shakers think her to be something more than human  equal to Christ; or that they worship her, etc., etc. It is now generally known, that we do not condemn the marriage institution, in its own order, and when governed by it true laws; but simply hold that it is not a Christian institution.

The wonderful and almost incredible openings of light and truth pertaining to this and the external spiritual world, and which address themselves almost exclusively to the external man, by sensuous facts and physical demonstrations, and which, in former times and other ages, were suppressed and condemned, as the effect of unlawful communings with the powers of darkness, are now being received with joy and gladness by thousands of person, as proof of a telegraphic communication established between the two worlds; and no more to be disputed or doubted than is the existence of that marvelous submarine telegraphic cable that connects the Eastern and Western continents.

In all these advances of the human mind in knowledge relating to the mundane and supermundane planes, we find cause for hope and encouragement that the time is drawing nigh when the interior and truly spiritual powers of the souls of our fellow-creatures will be awakened as from a long night of slumber, and when human hearts will be touched with the fire of conviction for sin, from the altar of religious truth, quickening them into that affection for each other that shall burn up selfishness, and draw them, as with strong cords of love, into communities of brotherhood and sisterhood, not only under a Christian profession, but also into a Christian practice  a CHRISTIAN CHURCH. All truth, being primarily of Divine origin, is fit food for human souls when  rightly divided and properly used. The observation of natural facts and phenomena on the earth plane, and the orderly arrangement of such facts, together with the scientific deduction of general principles therefrom, which can be applied to the use and benefit of mankind, are, in their place and order, right and good.

With such knowledge we have no war; for we can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth. All truth, when unadulterated with human pride and self, is a unit. And true earthly knowledge, talents, and capacities bear the same relation to the Divine revelation of spiritual good and truth that the vessels which the widow borrowed bore to her cruse of oil. There was no limit to the flow of the precious oil, except the number and size of the vessels that contained it. It is mans duty in this world to cultivate his natural powers and capacities, solely with reference to the rendering himself the better recipient of the truths of the higher spheres, and of the elements of eternal existence. The Divine revelations of former Dispensations were limited and molded by the knowledge of this natural world of the mediums and people of those times.

Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians; and their ideas of geology and astronomy governed, in a measure, his account of creation, though written by inspiration; as was also that of the lengthening of the day when the sun stood still upon the mount Gibeon, and the moon in the valley of Ajalon. Let us all, then, be diligent to add to our faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness, which is profitable unto all things, of the life that now is, and of that which is to come; and thus we shall abound in that true love to God which results in loving our neighbor as we love ourselves. Shakers Presentation - The Shakers/ The United Society of Believers in Shakers Presentation Shakers Presentation - The Shakers/ The United Society of... SCHOOL View Full Document The Shakers/ The United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing Hello, I am here to speak about the most successful utopian community, the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, otherwise known as the Shakers.

The Shakers were founded by Ann Lee, who was born in 1736 in Manchester England and became a visionary, charismatic, and illiterate factory worker and later founder of the “Shakers” in America. While in England, Ann joined the Shaking sect of the Quakers or the Friends. In 1772, Ann Lee was thrown in prison for disrupting the Sabbath and during her time in jail, she had visions. One of the visions stated that she the second coming of Christ. Thus, she believed that Christ was both man and woman and that she was that other half. Furthermore, she believed that people can imitate Christ on Earth. The other vision she had was that sexual intercourse was the root of all evil. Some Freudian philosophers believe that her revulsion to sex came from her father impregnating her mother seven times. However, this vision was possibly fueled more by her pain because she had four miscarriages. Therefore, her anti-sexual ethic was not so much anti sexual as it was anti- pregnancy. Also, Ann Lee had always been tormented by her own impurity and was forced to marry so this may have been a contributing factor.

Lastly, Ann had the vision that there would be a place made for the The Shakers in America thereby becoming the chosen people on their way to the promised land. For, the Shakers sect in England had also been gaining notoriety and subsequent persecution in England. Fleeing persecution in England , in 1774, Ann Lee and her husband Abraham Stanley moved with 6 other people to Niskayuna, Albany and began the “Believers”. In Albany, “The Believers”, who began to emerge as a distinct cult with a distinctive cult practice. By trying to This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Midterm Presentation Critique: The Shakers My midterm presentation centered on the ut Shakers Presentation Critique What does United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing mean?

definition, meaning and pronunciation (Free English Language Dictionary) religious order ; religious sect ; sect (a subdivision of a larger religious group) Meronyms (members of "United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing"): Shaker (a member of Christian group practicing celibacy and communal living and common possession of property and separation from the world) Learn English with... Proverbs of the week "We must take the bad with the good." (English proverb) "In death, I am born." (Native American proverb, Hopi) "If you know then it's a disaster, and if you don't know then it's a greater disaster." (Arabic proverb) "You will get furthest with honesty." (Czech proverb) Related FAQs: Shaking Quakers | Article about Shaking Quakers by The Free Dictionary Shaking Quakers | Article about Shaking Quakers by The Free Dictionary Related to Shaking Quakers: United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing Shakers, popular name for members of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, also called the Millennial Church.

Members of the movement, who received their name from the trembling produced by religious emotion, were also known as Alethians. The movement originated in a Quaker revival in England in 1747, and was led by James and Jane Wardley. However, the sect, then known as the Shaking Quakers, grew strong only after the appearance of Ann Lee Lee, Ann, 1736–84, English religious visionary, founder of the Shakers in America. Born in Manchester, she worked there in the cotton factories and then became a cook. In 1762 she was married to Abraham Stanley, a blacksmith. In 1758 she had joined the "Shaking Quakers. ..... Click the link for more information. . Imprisoned for her zeal, she believed herself the recipient of the mother element of the spirit of Christ. Following a vision, she and eight followers emigrated (1774) to New York state and in 1776 founded a colony at Watervliet, near Albany. Mother Ann, as she was known, gained a number of converts, who after her death (1784) began the formation of Shaker communities.

By 1826 there were 18 Shaker communities in eight states, as far west as Indiana. After 1860, Shakerism began to decline; by 2000 it was almost nonexistent, with a tiny community in New Gloucester, Maine, constituting the only active Shaker village in the country. One of the fundamental doctrines of the society was belief in the dual nature of the Deity. The male principle was incarnated in Jesus; the female principle, in Mother Ann. Other tenets were celibacy, open confession of sins, communal ownership of possessions in the advanced groups, separation from the world, pacifism, equality of the sexes, and consecrated work. Singing, dancing, and marching characterized phases of Shaker worship. The community was organized into groups, called families, of between 30 and 90 individuals. The believers donated their services and possessions but were always free to leave. Shaker furniture and handcrafts are noted for their fine design and crafting. Bibliography See E. D. Andrews and F. Andrews, Shaker Furniture (1937, repr. 1964) and The People Called Shakers (2d ed.

1963); J. G. Shea, American Shakers and Their Furniture (1970); H. C. Desroche, The American Shakers (tr. 1971); P. J. Brewer, Shaker Communities, Shaker Lives (1986); S. J. Stein, The Shaker Experience in America (1992); S. Skees, God among the Shakers (1998). Shakers/United Society of Believers (religion, spiritualism, and occult) During the eighteenth century many Christian communities, sects, cults, and denominations were formed, each with its own expressive way of interpreting the Gospel. In Manchester, England, a group led by James Wardley broke off from a Quaker community (see Quakers/Religious Society of Friends) because they wanted to practice a form of religious expression foreign to Quaker tradition. They believed in the ideals of simplicity and gender equality beloved by Quakers, but their services were often interrupted as members experienced ecstatic dance and trembling when filled with the Holy Spirit.

Because of this habit, they became known as "Shaking Quakers." Understandably for the time, they were soon the objects of persecution and harassment. One of the founders of the group was a young woman known as Ann Lee. During a long imprisonment she experienced a vision in which it was revealed to her that she was the Second Coming of Christ, the female component of "God the Father/Mother." Upon her release, "Mother Lee," as she came to be called, became the leader of the movement. With a theology so radically different from mainstream Protestantism, the group, now called Shakers, were forced to immigrate to the United States, home of many diverse sects and cults. They arrived in New York City in May of 1774, gained some converts, and started a commune in Watervliet, New York. Their timing couldn't have been worse. Persecution intensified, first because the Shakers were different, second because the bumptious Revolutionary War spirit so prevalent in America at this time was often directed at anyone who had recently come over from England, and third because the Shakers were pacifists.

They might have simply disappeared into history, forgotten like so many other small Christian cults, were it not for a religious revival called the New Light Stir that swept across New England beginning about the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Other independent but like-minded sects united with the Shakers, impressed by the preaching of Mother Lee, who traveled and taught extensively in the western portions of Massachusetts and surrounding states. She died in 1784 having accomplished what she had set out to do. The Shaker religion was now firmly entrenched. It wasn't just due to Mother Lee, however. "Father John" Meachim recognized early on the attraction many people had for Shaker furniture, music, dancing, and books, all of which demonstrated simple design and flawless craftsmanship. These industries began to finance the organization and served as marketing tools. And it was good that they did, because the only way the Shaker religion was going to grow was by making converts. They couldn't "grow their own" like other religions because they practiced absolute celibacy. According to Mother Lee, sex was a gift given only for reproduction. It constituted the original sin in the Garden of Eden.

The only way to grow spiritually was to return to the uncorrupted state of Adam and Eve before they started fooling around with something God had intended only as a reproductive duty. Needless to say, no babies have ever been born into the Shaker religion. That tends to keep the numbers down. By the 1880s Shakers had peaked in terms of numbers. They became sort of a tourist attraction that "worldly people" could observe. Their furniture and music were certainly in great demand. Ironically, there may have been more complicated musical arrangements of the Shaker tune "Simple Gifts" than of any other song. No less a luminary than Leonard Bernstein tried his hand. But probably Aaron Copland's ballet music, Appalachian Spring, takes the prize for the most musically complex and embellished setting of a tune written to celebrate simplicity. On the other hand, thanks to Martha Graham's choreography, at least people dance to it. Mother Lee would have appreciated that. But all good things come to an end. Industrialization caught the fancy of the American public, and mass-produced chairs soon replaced the handcrafted Shaker furniture so sought after today by antique dealers.

During the twentieth century the Shakers retreated into small communities, cutting way down on their contact with outsiders. In 1965 the group decided to accept no new members. Only two small communities, one in New Hampshire and the other in Maine, now remain. A few new members were received into the Maine community at Sabbath Lake during the 1990s, but some original members refused to recognize them. So, very soon, the Shakers will have no remaining presence save for their historical legacy and museum displays. Shakers Shaker | Protestant sect | Britannica.com Protestant sect Alternative Title: United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing Related Topics list of cities and towns in the United States Shaker, member of the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, a celibate millenarian group that established communal settlements in the United States in the 18th century. Based on the revelations of Ann Lee and her vision of the heavenly kingdom to come, Shaker teaching emphasized simplicity, celibacy , and work. Shaker communities flourished in the mid-19th century and contributed a distinctive style of architecture, furniture, and handicraft to American culture .

The communities declined in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Shakers, near Lebanon, New York; engraving by an unknown artist. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (digital file no. 3a15948) The Shakers derived originally from a small branch of English Quaker s founded by Jane and James Wardley in 1747. They may have adopted the French Camisard s’ ritual practices of shaking, shouting, dancing, whirling, and singing in tongues. The Shaker doctrine, as it came to be known in the United States, was formulated by Ann Lee, a textile worker in Manchester. “Mother Ann,” as she was known to her followers, had a troubled marriage and had suffered difficulties while pregnant (she had four children, all of whom died young), and in 1758 she converted to the “Shaking Quakers.” After enduring persecution and imprisonment for participation in noisy worship services, she had a series of revelations, after which she regarded herself—and was so regarded by her followers—as the female aspect of God’s dual nature (e.g., male and female) and the second Incarnation of Christ.

She developed an elaborate theology and established celibacy as the cardinal principle of the community . In 1774 Mother Ann came to America with eight disciples , having been charged by a new revelation to establish the millennial church in the New World. Settling in 1776 at Niskeyuna (now Watervliet), New York , the small group benefited from an independent revival movement that was sweeping the district, and within five years it grew to several thousand members. Similar Topics Essene After Mother Ann’s death (1784), the Shaker church came under the leadership of Elder Joseph Meacham and Eldress Lucy Wright. Together they worked out the distinctive pattern of Shaker social organization, which consisted of celibate communities of men and women living together in dormitory-style houses and holding all things in common. The first Shaker community, established at New Lebanon, New York, in 1787, retained leadership of the movement as it spread through New England and westward into Kentucky, Ohio , and Indiana. By 1826, 18 Shaker villages had been set up in eight states.

Works of Ellsworth Kelly and Jack Shear are shown as Shear walks to Mount Lebanon Shaker Village, … Checkerboard Film Foundation (A Britannica Publishing Partner) Although often persecuted for pacifism or for bizarre beliefs falsely attributed to them, the Shakers won admiration for their model farms, orderly and prosperous communities, and fair dealing with outsiders. Their industry and ingenuity produced numerous (usually unpatented) inventions, including, among other things, the screw propeller , babbitt metal , a rotary harrow, an automatic spring, a turbine waterwheel, a threshing machine, the circular saw , and the common clothespin. They were the first to package and market seeds and were once the largest producers of medicinal herbs in the United States. Shaker dances and songs are a genuine folk art , and the simple beauty, functionalism, and honest craftsmanship of their meetinghouses, barns, and artifacts have had a lasting influence on American design. The greatest example of such influence is Shaker furniture . The Shaker movement reached its height during the 1840s, when about 6,000 members were enrolled in the church.

It later declined, however, because of changes in spiritual needs and the church’s insistence on celibacy and its opposition to childbearing. In 1874 the society was advertising for members, emphasizing physical comfort as well as spiritual values. By 1905 there were only 1,000 members. At the turn of the 21st century there was one working Shaker village, Sabbathday Lake, near New Gloucester, Maine; it had fewer than 10 members. Learn More in these related articles: Shakers Encyclopedia > Philosophy and Religion > Christianity > Protestant Denominations Shakers Shakers, popular name for members of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, also called the Millennial Church. Members of the movement, who received their name from the trembling produced by religious emotion, were also known as Alethians. The movement originated in a Quaker revival in England in 1747, and was led by James and Jane Wardley. However, the sect, then known as the Shaking Quakers, grew strong only after the appearance of Ann Lee . Imprisoned for her zeal, she believed herself the recipient of the mother element of the spirit of Christ.

Following a vision, she and eight followers emigrated (1774) to New York state and in 1776 founded a colony at Watervliet, near Albany. Mother Ann, as she was known, gained a number of converts, who after her death (1784) began the formation of Shaker communities. By 1826 there were 18 Shaker communities in eight states, as far west as Indiana. After 1860, Shakerism began to decline; by 2000 it was almost nonexistent, with a tiny community in New Gloucester, Maine, constituting the only active Shaker village in the country. One of the fundamental doctrines of the society was belief in the dual nature of the Deity. The male principle was incarnated in Jesus; the female principle, in Mother Ann. Other tenets were celibacy, open confession of sins, communal ownership of possessions in the advanced groups, separation from the world, pacifism, equality of the sexes, and consecrated work. Singing, dancing, and marching characterized phases of Shaker worship. The community was organized into groups, called families, of between 30 and 90 individuals.

The believers donated their services and possessions but were always free to leave. Shaker furniture and handcrafts are noted for their fine design and crafting. See E. D. Andrews and F. Andrews, Shaker Furniture (1937, repr. 1964) and The People Called Shakers (2d ed. 1963); J. G. Shea, American Shakers and Their Furniture (1970); H. C. Desroche, The American Shakers (tr. 1971); P. J. Brewer, Shaker Communities, Shaker Lives (1986); S. J. Stein, The Shaker Experience in America (1992); S. Skees, God among the Shakers (1998). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Protestant Denominations Shaker Workshops » Shaker Recipe of the Month Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village Today Sabbathday Lake is the only remaining active Shaker community. It is made up of the 18 well maintained buildings of the Church Family.

Known as "Chosen Land" to the Shakers, it was established in 1794. The museum was first organized in 1931 by Sisters Iona Sedgley and Ethel Peacock in hopes of educating the public about the "truths" of Shakerism. Thousands of visitors have come to explore this unique and sacred place of work and worship. Featured at this site are Museum, Shaker Store, Library, Exhibits, Guided Tours and Special Programs. Exhibits include: Shaker furniture, tin and woodenware, folk art, textiles, early American tools and farm implements. THE SHAKER LIBRARY The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing (Shakers) has been printing and publishing since 1790. Many of the books, tracts, broadsides, and periodicals automatically became part of the libraries at each community. In 1881, Elder Otis Sawyer, a native of Portland and chief chronicler of Maine Shakerism, conceived the idea of establishing complete libraries at both Sabbathday Lake and Alfred. In two years time he had collected and cataloged everything written by or about the Shakers.

Elder Otis died in 1884. The work progressed in the ensuing years under the direction of several Shakers, even though the integrity of the collection was often challenged. When Alfred Believers moved to Sabbathday Lake in 1931 their collection of books and archives came also. The Alfred collection had been maintained by Sister R. Mildred Barker. From her Alfred days until her death at Sabbathday Lake in 1990, Sister Mildred was a vital force for the preservation and use of the Library and Archives. From 1960 to his death in 1986, Brother Theodore Johnson was Director of the Library. He worked diligently expanding the collection from one tiny room to nearly three rooms in the Dwelling House. Through Br. Theodore's efforts, cataloging is under the Library of Congress system and standard archival practices are in use. The maintenance and use of the collections persisted in the Dwelling House at Sabbathday Lake for over 100 years. Just prior to his death, Br. Theodore had been successful in taking a major step toward securing a new and proper home for the Library.

The Shaker Library is in its new home in the restored 1880 New Gloucester Shaker Schoolhouse . In 1986, the United Society of Shakers at Sabbathday Lake began the process of completely renovating the schoolhouse returned to its original site with a new foundation. The ell at the back is now a two-level fireproof vault for safely enclosing the Shaker Library's printed and archival collections. The school room itself serves as a research center. At present a full-time librarian/archivist with the assistance of Shaker community members is in charge of the Shaker Library, HOURS Shaker Museum: The 2016 season runs from Friday, May 27, 2015 through Columbus Day, October 10, 2016. The Museum is open open Monday through Saturday, from 10:00 am to 4:30 pm EST. Please note that the Museum and grounds are closed on Sundays but Sunday Meeting worship is open to the public. Museum Research Facilities: We encourage any scholar, researcher, author, or Shaker enthusiast to explore the vast wealth of information, history, and culture represented at the Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village.

The collection at the Sabbathday Lake Shaker Museum is available year round to researchers and scholars by appointment only. Museum research appointments should be made with Michael Graham, Director of the Shaker Library, Shaker Museum, and Shaker Herb Department. ADMISSION Guided Tours: The Shakers are pleased to offer their visitors guided tours of the premises at the Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village. These tours provide valuable insights into the Maine Shaker heritage and culture of the past as well as the present. Guided tours take approximately one hour. Tours are available Memorial Day through Columbus Day. Tours begin at 10:30 a.m. 11:30 a.m. 12:30 p.m. 1:30 p.m. 2:30 p.m. 3:15 p.m.

Adults $10.00; Family pass (parents and children): $30.00; Children, ages 6 - 12: $2.00; Under 6: FREE "Creating Chosen Land: Our Home 1783-2010" (included free with guided tour above, or purchase alone for the following prices) Adults $7.00; Family pass (parents and children): $20.00; Children, ages 6 - 12: $2.00; under 6: FREE Shaker Herb Garden Tour (included free with guided tour above, or purchase alone for the following prices). Tuesdays & Thursdays - July through September 10th 2:15 PM - reservations suggested. Adults $7.00; Children, ages 6 - 12: $2.00; under 6: FREE. GROUP TOURS OF THE MUSEUM ARE AVAILABLE BY ADVANCE RESERVATION. Call 207-926-4597 to schedule.

LOCATION & DIRECTIONS The Shaker Village is located on Route 26, approximately 8 miles north of Exit 11 of the Maine Turnpike in Gray, Maine, and 8 miles west of Exit 12 (Auburn). The Village is 25 miles north of Portland, and 12 miles west of Lewiston-Auburn. From the South (Portland, Boston): Take Gray Exit 11 off the Maine Turnpike. Turn right at the toll booth and go up to the traffic light in Gray Center; turn left at the light onto Route 26 North, then turn left at the second light to follow Route 26 North approximately 8 miles to the Shaker Village (watch for road signs). From the North (Augusta, Bangor): Take Auburn Exit 12 off the Maine Turnpike. Turn right at the toll booth onto Routes 100, 4, 202. Follow that route for one mile and turn right onto Route 122. Follow Route 122 over hill and dale until you come to Route 26. Turn left onto Route 26 South.

Follow Route 26 South for about 2 miles and you will be at the Shaker Village. The Village is about eight miles from Exit 12 (watch for road signs). Meals are not available at the Village. A wide selection of restaurants are located within 10 minutes of the Village in the towns of Gray, New Gloucester, Poland, and Auburn. For information about area accommodations, call the Maine Office of Tourism at 1-888-624-6345.

Question: The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing is also known as what?
Answer: SHAKERS