What does a Cartographer do? What does a Cartographer do? ★ Comments A cartographer is someone who will measure, analyze, and interpret geographical information to create maps and charts for political, cultural and educational purposes. The first maps were manually constructed with brushes and parchment, dating back many centuries. From the 15th to the 17th century, during the Age of Exploration, cartographers used maps that had been passed down for centuries, to create new ones based on new surveying techniques and explorers' observations. Of course, the invention of the telescope, sextant and compass enabled increasing accuracy. How to Become a Cartographer Think you might be interested in becoming a Cartographer? Here are your next steps. Take the Sokanu Career Test Would you make a good cartographer? Sokanu's free assessment reveals how compatible you are with a career across 5 dimensions! Lewis & Clark College | Portland, OR Offers: Bachelors Mt Hood Community College | Gresham, OR Offers: Certificate, Associates Pacific University | Forest Grove, OR Offers: Bachelors Portland Community College | Portland, OR Offers: Certificate, Associates View all jobs → What does a Cartographer do?

Cartographers spend most of their time using computers while working in offices. They typically do fieldwork to collect and verify data used in creating maps. A cartographer will also: Collect and analyze geographical data, such as population density, demographic characteristics, and annual precipitation patterns Examine and compile data from ground surveys, reports, aerial photographs, and satellite images to prepare thematic maps Prepare thematic maps in digital or graphic form to be used for social, environmental, political, business, educational, and design purposes Revise existing maps and charts to make corrections, adjustments, and updates Cartographers use information from geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems, including aerial cameras, satellites, and technologies such as light-imaging detection and ranging (LIDAR). LIDAR uses lasers attached to planes and other equipment to digitally map the topography of the earth. LIDAR is often more accurate than traditional surveying methods and also can be used to collect other forms of data, such as the location and density of forest canopies. Data from LIDAR is used to provide spatial information to specialists in water resource engineering, geology, seismology, forestry, construction, and other fields.

A cartographic professional who creates maps using geographic information system (GIS) technology is known as a geographic information specialist. A GIS is typically used to assemble, integrate, analyze, and display spatial information in a digital format. Maps created with GIS technology link spatial graphic features with non-graphic information. These maps are useful for providing support for decisions involving environmental studies, geology, engineering, land-use planning, and business marketing. A cartographer will also work from existing maps, surveys, and other records. To do so, they must be able to determine thematic and positional accuracy of each feature being mapped. They must make decisions about the accuracy and reliability of the final map. In addition, they must decide what further information they need to meet the client's needs. They must focus on details when including features needed on a final map, and must be able to identify and resolve issues with the tools available to them. Find your perfect career Would you make a good cartographer? Sokanu's free assessment reveals how compatible you are with a career across 5 dimensions! Take the free career test How to Become a Cartographer High school students interested in becoming a cartographer should take courses in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, drafting, mechanical drawing, and computer science.

A cartographer will usually have a bachelor's degree in cartography, geography, geomatics, surveying, engineering, forestry, computer science, or a physical science. (Geomatics combines the science, engineering, mathematics, and art of collecting and managing geographically referenced information.) However, some come into this occupation after working as surveying and mapping technicians. With the development of GIS technology, cartographers need more education and stronger technical skills, including more experience with computers, than they did in the past. Cartographers must also be adept at web-based mapping technologies including newer modes of compiling data that incorporate the positioning capabilities of mobile phones and in-car navigation systems. What is the workplace of a Cartographer like? Cartographers spend much of their time in offices using computers with large monitors, so they can easily study and extract information from aerial photographs and other sources. However, certain jobs require extensive fieldwork to acquire data and verify results. They typically do fieldwork to collect and verify data used in creating maps. Videos What Does a Cartographer Get Paid? | Chron.com What Does a Cartographer Get Paid?

by Aurelio Locsin [Young Teenagers] | Choosing a Career for Young Teenagers Cartographers create the maps that decorate classroom walls or guide drivers in car navigation systems. Cartographers work primarily from offices where they use computers to extract information. However, depending on their type, they may also go out into the field to plan and validate data collection. Basics Cartographers received an average $27.87 per hour, or $57,980 per year as of May 2011, reports the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The highest paid 10 percent received a mean $42.12 per hour, or $87,620 per year, while the lowest paid 10 percent earned $15.12 per hour, or $31,440 per year. Cartographers compile their geographic data, such as population density and annual precipitation patterns, from various sources, such as ground surveys and reports. Photogrammetrists are cartographic specialists who rely on aerial surveys of specific areas to collect spatial data. Those who use graphic information system technology to create their charts are known as geographic information specialists.

Jobs As of 2011, more than 38 percent of cartographers work in architectural, engineering and related services, where they earned $26.61 per hour, or $55,350 per year. The highest wages were with the federal government at a mean $37.76 per hour, or $78,540 per year. These employers require a minimum bachelor’s degree in cartography, geography or related fields. Other workers enter the profession by working as surveying and mapping technicians. Some states require cartographers to be licensed as surveyors, while others have specific requirements for photogrammetrists. Credentials typically require a formal education and passing an exam. Areas The state with the largest concentration of cartographers in 2011 was Wyoming, where wages averaged $22.20 per hour, or $46,170 per year. The metropolitan area with the same distinction was Columbia, Missouri, with pay at an average $20.11 per hour, or $41,830 per year.

For states with the highest salaries, Florida topped the list with mean wages at $44.32 per hour, or $92,180 per year, followed by Maryland at an average $35.05 per hour, or $72,900 per year. The cities boasting the same advantages were Bethesda, Maryland, at a mean $38.61 per hour, or $80,300 per year, and Washington, DC, at a mean $35.94 per hour, or $74,750 per year. Prospects Cartographers can look forward to job growth of 22 percent from 2010 to 2020, which is faster than the 14 percent predicted for all jobs in all industries. Much of the demand will come from the growing use of maps for national security and local government planning. Many mapping efforts are also finding their way into social media, mobile devices and Internet technologies. Photogrammetrists will have the best opportunities because very few graduates are specializing in this field. Cartographers and Photogrammetrists : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S.

Bureau of Labor Statistics Cartographers and photogrammetrists measure, map, and chart the earth’s surface. Quick Facts: Cartographers and Photogrammetrists How to Become a Cartographer or Photogrammetrist A bachelor’s degree in cartography, geography, geomatics (the discipline that combines the science, engineering, math, and art of collecting and managing geographically referenced information), or surveying is the most common path of entry into this occupation. Cartographers and photogrammetrists must be licensed in some states. Job Outlook Employment of cartographers and photogrammetrists is projected to grow 29 percent from 2014 to 2024, much faster than the average for all occupations. The increasing use of maps for government planning should fuel employment growth. For this reason, job prospects are likely to be excellent. What Cartographers and Photogrammetrists Do About this section Cartographers and photogrammetrists typically collect and verify data used in creating maps. Cartographers and photogrammetrists collect, measure, and interpret geographic information in order to create and update maps and charts for regional planning, education, and other purposes. Cartographers are mapmakers who design user-friendly maps.

Photogrammetrists are specialized mapmakers who use aerial photographs, satellite images, and light-imaging detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology to build models of the Earth’s surface and its features for the purpose of creating maps. Duties Cartographers typically do the following: Collect geographic data Create visual representations of data, such as annual precipitation patterns Examine and compile data from ground surveys, reports, aerial photographs, and satellite images Prepare maps in digital or graphic form for environmental and educational purposes Update and revise existing maps and charts Photogrammetrists typically do the following: Plan aerial and satellite surveys to ensure complete coverage of the area in question Collect and analyze spatial data, such as elevation and distance Develop base maps that allow geographic information system (GIS) data to be layered on top Cartographers and photogrammetrists use information from geodetic surveys (land surveys that account for the curvature of the Earth’s surface) and remote-sensing systems, including aerial cameras and satellites. Some also use light-imaging detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology. LIDAR systems use lasers attached to planes or cars to digitally map the topography of the earth.

Because LIDAR is often more accurate than traditional surveying methods, it can also be used to collect other forms of data, such as the location and density of forest canopies. Cartographers and photogrammetrists increasingly work on online and mobile maps. Interactive maps are growing in popularity, and cartographers and photogrammetrists collect data and design these maps for mobile phones and navigation systems. Cartographers and photogrammetrists also create maps and perform aerial surveys for governments to aid in urban and regional planning. Such maps may include information on population density and demographic characteristics. Some cartographers and photogrammetrists help build maps for government agencies for work involving national security and public safety. Accurate and updated maps help emergency responders provide assistance as quickly as possible. A cartographer who uses GIS technology to create maps is often known as a geographic information specialist. GIS technology is typically used to assemble, integrate, analyze, and present spatial information in a digital format. Maps created with GIS technology combine spatial graphic features with nongraphic information. These maps are used to provide support for decisions involving environmental studies, geology, engineering, land-use planning, and business marketing.

Work Environment About this section Cartographers may travel to the physical locations that they are mapping to better understand the topography of the region. Cartographers and photogrammetrists held about 12,300 jobs in 2014. The industries that employed the most cartographers and photogrammetrists were as follows: Architectural, engineering, and related services 33% How to Become a Cartographer or Photogrammetrist About this section Cartographers and photogrammetrists measure, analyze, and interpret geographic information to create maps and charts. A bachelor’s degree in cartography, geography, geomatics, surveying, or a related field is the most common path of entry into this occupation. Some states require cartographers and photogrammetrists to be licensed as surveyors, and some states have specific licenses for photogrammetrists. Education Cartographers and photogrammetrists usually have a bachelor’s degree in cartography, geography, geomatics, or surveying. (Geomatics combines the science, engineering, math, and art of collecting and managing geographically referenced information.) Although it is not as common, some have a bachelor’s degree in engineering, forestry, or computer science.

Growing use of geographic information system (GIS) technology has resulted in cartographers and photogrammetrists needing more courses in computer programming, engineering, math, GIS technology, surveying, and geography. Cartographers must also be familiar with Web-based mapping technologies, including newer modes of compiling data that incorporate the positioning capabilities of mobile phones and in-car navigation systems. Photogrammetrists must be familiar with remote sensing, image processing, and light-imaging detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology, and they must be knowledgeable about using the software that is necessary with these tools. Many aspiring cartographers and photogrammetrists benefit from internships while in school. High school students interested in becoming a cartographer or photogrammetrist should take courses in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, drafting, and computer science. Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations Licensing requirements for cartographers and photogrammetrists vary by state. A number of states require cartographers and photogrammetrists to be licensed as surveyors , and some states have specific licenses for photogrammetrists. Although licensing requirements vary by state, candidates must have a minimum of a high school diploma and pass a test.

Cartographers and photogrammetrists may also receive certification from the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS). Candidates must meet experience and education requirements and must pass an exam. Although certification is not required, it can demonstrate competence and may help candidates get a job. Important Qualities Computer skills. Both cartographers and photogrammetrists must have experience working with computer data and coding. Because maps are created digitally, knowing how to edit them on a computer is essential. Critical-thinking skills. Cartographers may work from existing maps, surveys, and other records, and they must be able to determine the accuracy of each feature being mapped. Decisionmaking skills. Both cartographers and photogrammetrists must make decisions about the accuracy and readability of a map. They must decide what information they require in order to meet the client’s needs. Detail oriented. Cartographers must focus on details when conceiving a map and deciding what features to include. Photogrammetrists must pay close attention to detail when interpreting aerial photographs and remotely sensed data. Problem-solving skills. Cartographers and photogrammetrists must be able reconcile differences between aerial photographs, land surveys, and satellite images. Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics The median annual wage for cartographers and photogrammetrists was $61,880 in May 2015. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $39,470, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $98,210. In May 2015, the median annual wages for cartographers and photogrammetrists in the top industries in which they worked were as follows: Management, scientific, and technical consulting services $66,660 Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program Employment of cartographers and photogrammetrists is projected to grow 29 percent from 2014 to 2024, much faster than the average for all occupations. However, because it is a small occupation, the fast growth will result in only about 3,600 new jobs over the 10-year period.

Cartographers and photogrammetrists are likely to be in demand to ensure the reliability and accuracy of maps produced and updated. The increasing use of maps for government planning should fuel employment growth. In addition, the growing number of mobile and Web-based map products should result in new jobs for cartographers and photogrammetrists. The management of forests, waterways, and other natural resources will require constant updating of maps. Cartographers and photogrammetrists will be needed to operate geographic information systems (GIS), which are increasingly being used to map and locate areas that are in need during natural disasters. Photogrammetrists will be needed to manage the aerial, satellite, and light-imaging detection and ranging (LIDAR) images that are now common. Cartographers will also be needed to visualize spatial information and design the final presentation of information for clients. Their design skills help data become more accessible to users. Job Prospects Cartographers and photogrammetrists are expected to have excellent job opportunities. There has been a large increase in the amount of GIS and mapping data available and cartographers and photogrammetrists will be needed to interpret, refine, and create mapping products using these data.

Employment projections data for cartographers and photogrammetrists, 2014-24 Occupational Title State & Area Data About this section Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OES data maps for employment and wages by state and area. Cartographers and photogrammetrists Projections Central Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at . Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state’s websites where these data may be retrieved. Career InfoNet America’s Career InfoNet includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area.

There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code. Cartography Cartography A Guide to Cartography Most people who use maps do not take the time to wonder about where the maps came from and how they are produced. However, there is a segment of the population for whom maps are more than just a tool for obtaining directions. These people are known as cartographers and their practice of studying and creating maps is known as Cartography. What is Cartography? Many people believe that cartography refers to the making of maps. While this is a basic definition that can be used to describe the science it does not fully encompass everything that cartography is. In fact, cartography is more than just a science. True cartography is both a science and an art and cartographers are those who are charged with developing maps that are both accurate and useful. Maps are basically a tool for humans to understand, measure, and make concrete information about the world that surrounds them. Additionally, many maps include more than just a physical representation of an area. Some maps include population numbers and density, political development, cultural data, and other socio-economic information that is useful to measure.

Cartographers face many difficulties including how to accurately represent a three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional plane. Since it is impossible to perfectly represent a three-dimensional world onto a flat expanse many cartographers have had to develop different types of map projections, each with pros and cons. The History of Cartography The history of cartography is a long one and its true roots may never be known. Cartography is an ancient practice and some of the oldest known maps, including world maps, date back to the Babylonian period. Maps from Ancient Greece, Rome, China, and India have also been found, but there may be many other maps from these and other ancient civilizations that will never be found. Most ancient maps can no longer be considered an accurate representation of the world. However, cartographers that produced these maps believed that they were creating maps that were precise and truthful to the world that surrounded them. As such, the study of ancient maps is a fascinating one which gives historians an insight into ancient civilization and its beliefs. Many cartographers not only used older maps to develop their own, but some outright copied the older works and then published them as their own. This makes it hard to tell what work was that of a specific cartographer during any given time.

The Evolution of Cartography Today, cartography relies largely on technology to print more accurate representations of the world to paper. The first tools that became commonly used in cartography during the beginning of its evolution were the compass and the telescope. Later, the printing press allowed for reproductions that were faithful to the original map. With the advent of electronic technology maps became updated through the use of satellites and aerial photography. Additionally, software has brought a new degree of professionalism and precision to a cartographer’s work. All cartographers use specialized software to develop and store the maps they create as well as the aerial photographs and satellite imaging which they use when creating their maps. Another big change in the cartography industry is the mapping of other planets. With the help of satellites accurate maps have now been created for the Earth’s moon and several other planets. The art and science of cartography has changed greatly from its ancient roots. Cartographers now have more tools than ever at their disposal. However, it is important to remember that although the tools and outcome have allowed for more detail and accuracy the basic act of creating a map remains the same. Cartography is still a basic tool used by humans to understand the world around them and how it relates to humankind.

Stages of Cartography Although cartography is defined as the study of maps and the subsequent process of creating them, it is not as easy as it appears at first glance. In order to create a good map, it has to go through the following stages: Map Editing : In this phase, the various elements of the map are defined and set. These would be particular to the type of map being produced; thus, while in one map the editing process could be concerned about roads, rails, and physical boundaries, in another there might be abstract elements to be defined and enumerated (remember that after all, a map is just a representation, and it could represent abstract entities as well). Map Projections : As already defined above, projections are the representation of actual terrain on the viewing media. The simplest example is that of a physical map on a flat sheet of paper. The terrain of, let's say, a country can include water bodies, mountains, plains, etc. How do you show this information on paper? These are the concerns of map projections. Map Generalization : Not all the features of the object need to be represented on a map, or can be represented. For instance, along with its boundaries, a country may have a large number of buildings as well.

If the maps is purely physical, these details are unnecessary for the map. Another example is that in a political map, the physical features are left out. All this falls under map generalization, which weeds out (so to speak) any details that are not of use to the final map. Map Simplification : Another process that generalization carries out is simplification. Consider the coastline of a country, for example. Fractal geometry tells us that there is an infinite detail in the coastline, and one could as well spend his whole life in chasing the perfect mapping and not arrive at it. What is to be done, then? Simplification. The coastline has to be approximated and plotted on the map, with just enough detail to make it accurate for the defined use. Of course the simplification levels vary from place to place. A coastline map for home use would be lot simpler than the one used for plotting surveying data. Map Design : And finally, map design fuses all these processes and brings out a map that is useful and elegant. It can be easily said that map design is the holy grail of cartography.

Sure, good research and reduction have their value, but if the design is anything less than excellent, the map will lose its value. Colors, layout, orientation, all this and much more comes under this process. Modern Cartographic Techniques The biggest change in cartography is related to the development of computer technology and the geo information systems (GIS), in terms of the function and usage of maps. This is also known as cartographic visualization. What is GIS? The geographical information systems (GIS) brings together the study and expression of geographic information. It has enabled modern geographers and cartographers to track anything from fleets of vehicles, products, an outlet of choice or even study the spread of a disease. The technology has given a new perspective to the way we look at the world around us. It is a computer system that can capture, manage, analyze, and display all forms of geographical data. GIS enables a user to view, interpret, visualize and question data and reveal patterns in various forms such as maps, globes and charts. Maps are the main source of data for GIS. Cartographic Visualization Animation, internet, 3-D models, artificial intelligence, cartographic holograms, etc. have a remarkable influence on cartography.

Modern cartographic visualization includes digital cartography and computer graphics. Considering the quality, there is a remarkable change of visual presentation in almost real time, leading to a better understanding of spatial objects. Present services support the mobile concept, such as hand-held computers, car navigation systems or small devices including smart phones with GPS, use simple data and pictures for specific usage. Digital Mapping Digital mapping or Digital Cartography is a thorough process which involves the collection of data, which is then compiled and formatted into a virtual image. The principal function of the technology is to produce maps that provide accurate representations of a specific area, detailing major routes and other points of interest. It also allows the calculation of distances. The Global Positioning System, or the GPS satellite network is where these maps are mainly used, as they are required for standard navigation systems, also commonly found in a variety of computer applications, such as Google Earth. Digital mapping is also used in scientific applications such as, architecture, geology, mining, forestry, and engineering. References: Continuous Development of Cartographic Visualization- Research by University of Zagreb, Chair of Cartography.

International Cartographic Association website Cartographer Salary and Cartographer Job Description along with careers and degrees Other Careers of Interest How to become a Cartographer To become a cartographer, it is a good idea to have a bachelor's degree, usually in surveying or a field that is related to surveying, such as geography. It is still possible to begin as a member of a survey crew, with no higher education, but has become increasingly difficult. For those aspiring cartographers who do not have a bachelor's degree, there are also vocational schools and community colleges which offer shorter programs. Cartographers nowadays also need to take courses or be trained in computer programs, since many elements of cartography are now performed on the computer. Besides training and courses in computer technology, candidates for cartography should also study subjects like math and drafting. These studies can begin as early as high school and should continue through higher education. Some states require that cartographers are licensed as surveyors before they can be professional cartographers. This requires at least one examination. Many states require a written examination provided by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES), and/or an examination given by the State licensing board.

Cartographers must first pass one examination - the "Fundamentals of Surveying" - and then work under a surveyor who is more experienced for four years. After the four year period, the cartographers must take another examination, the "Principles and Practice of Surveyors." What does a Cartographer do? Cartographers map the surface of the Earth. Their job duties involve collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and mapping the information from geographic surveys and aerial photographs. Some cartographers perform research regarding the Earth's geography while others produce the actual maps. They use a variety of data in their work, including elevation, distance, longitude, latitude, precipitation, demographics, and population density. Light-imaging detection and ranging (LIDAR) is used to map the Earth's topography in a digital format. Cartographers use this highly accurate technology to make extremely detailed maps. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are also used by cartographers to gather and display data, and combine data to make specific types of maps. Specialized maps such as maps which show population density or maps which display natural resources are only two examples of a wide variety of maps that are created by cartographers. What skills or qualities do I need to become a Cartographer?

Anyone wishing to become a cartographer should have good visual-spatial ability to be able to easily visualize size, forms, and distance. Cartographers need to be meticulous and accurate, with good attention to detail. Modern cartographers must be computer literate, as most of their work now involves computer. What do Cartographers make? The median yearly salary of cartographers in the United States as of May 2006 was $48,240. The middle fifty percent of cartographers made between $37,480 and $65,240 per year. These amounts are about the same as surveyors make, and many cartographers are licensed surveyors. This amount may increase in the next decade, as the field of cartography is expected to grow very quickly. Cartographer Salary | More details for Cartographer Jobs | Salary Who are some influential professionals in this field? One of the most famous cartographers in history was Willem Janszoon Blaeu, a cartographer and astronomer in the late 1500s. Although he lived hundreds of years ago, his maps, atlases, and globes are still reprinted today.

Blaeu was the official cartographer of the East India Trading Company. In modern times, the director of the USGS is Mark Myers, a geologist and geological surveyor. While not a cartographer himself, Myers oversees the United States Geological Survey, a government agency responsible for maps and mapping data. What are some leading organizations in this field? The United States Geological Survey, or USGS, is an agency of the United States federal government. USGS scientists include geologists and cartographers, whose jobs include studying the American landscape, collecting data on it, researching it, and creating reports and maps. The USGS may be best known for its topographical maps with a 1:24,000 ratio. The agency is also undertaking the National Map program, which is an online mapping service. Other specialized maps, such as maps of earthquakes and other seismic activity, are also available from the USGS. What are the top cities for Cartographer jobs? Garmin, a manufacturer of global positioning systems, or GPS, technology, is one of the leading employers of cartographers in the United States.

Garmin has headquarters in the city of Olathe, Kansas, a good city for cartographers to find employment, along with Minneapolis, Minnesota, where the company also has offices. GeoEYE, a satellite imagery company, is another large employer of cartographers. The top cities for cartographers wishing to work for GeoEYE include Denver, Colorado; Saint Louis, Missouri; and Sterling, Virginia. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is the United States government's mapmaking agency, employing many cartographers to create both traditional and digital maps. The USGS is headquartered in Reston, Virginia, making that city an excellent one for cartographers who are seeking employment. 3 Ways to Become a Cartographer - wikiHow Choosing a Path 1 Understand the job description. All cartographers must be able to visualize data using both analysis and artistic imagination. They use a close attention to detail and accuracy in order to translate the data into a map, and have a reputation for perfectionism. [1] Computer programming skills and mathematical ability are increasingly valued in the cartography job market, but you do not necessarily need advanced experience in these subjects.

Most cartographers have office jobs, and spend 35–40 hours a week working mostly on the computer and drafting table. [2] 2 Learn about different types of cartography. Cartography is a wide field that combines elements of geography, engineering, programming, and design. While there are many specialized jobs out there, you can divide these roughly by how much mathematical and programming approach they use: Cartographers who focus on creating traditional maps use technical drafting skills and geographical knowledge, but often computer programming as well. A minority of them perform aerial surveys or ground surveys. Photogrammetrists use data from aerial surveys, LIDAR remote sensing, and other sources in map making. This typically involves heavy use of mathematical analysis and computer graphics programming. GIS specialists use Geographic Information Systems technology to build maps connected to non-visual digital databases. This increasingly popular specialization relies heavily on an education in both geography and programming. 3 Consider related fields. While not technically cartographers, there are people in closely related fields who share many of the same skills and interests. Here are a few of the most closely related options: Surveying technicians or cartographic technicians map physical locations from the ground.

While they are paid less than cartographers, they get to travel and spend much more time outside. Map librarians maintain permanent collections of current maps and atlases, while map archivists oversee collections of historical and unpublished map materials. They are not as reliant on programming skills or artistic ability, instead focusing on archival work, library science, and historical analysis. Method Completing Your Education 1 Study relevant high school subjects. Most high schools do not have classes directly related to cartography. However, a strong base in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and preferably calculus and statistics will give you a useful head start. If available, take classes in technical drafting and any type of computer programming. 2 Consider a cartographic technician program. These are usually two or three year programs available at colleges or trade schools. Focused on practical experience, you'll graduate qualified to work on survey teams mapping locations on the ground. You may enter these programs with or without a bachelor's degree. It's common for people to transfer from a technician program to a university partway through the degree — or vice versa. [3] 3 Get a bachelor's degree from a university.

University programs tend to provide less practical experiences but stronger knowledge of theory, and a broader range of coursework available to choose from. There are many degrees that could lead to a job in the field: [4] [5] Geography is probably the most common major for a cartographer, as most universities do not offer degrees in cartography or geomatics. Civil engineering, forestry, or computer science can all provide relevant background, as long as you take the coursework described below. 4 Take essential coursework. No matter what your specialty, take all the classes you can in the principles of map design, the history of maps, and data collection for mapping. If you are aiming to a very specialized branch, you'll need a university that offers the following courses: Hopeful GIS specialists will need courses specifically on GIS technology. Develop your interest in photogrammetry with coursework in remote sensing, image processing, and LIDAR (light-imaging detection and ranging). 5 Take additional coursework. You don't need to be an expert on all of these, but try to take at least an introductory course in these, and additional courses in those that relate to your desired specialty: [6] Geography is useful for all cartographers, including both physical geography and human geography.

Computer science courses are useful for many cartographers. Consider studying computer graphics, web-based technology, and data collection and analysis. Algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, and statistics are all valuable, and may be required for more programming-heavy majors already. 6 Look for internships. Training with actual cartographers can boost your practical knowledge as well as the desirability of your resume. Many of these are only available while you are a student or recent graduate, so start looking before you complete your education. Job search sites often include an internship section, and you can search online for internships related to your specialty as well. Getting Hired 1 Build a portfolio. Some organizations require a portfolio of completed maps from job applicants. Save any work you do for coursework or internships. After graduating, spend your own time to improve old maps using what you've learned since you made them. 2 Try to find lower-level positions. Build your experience by getting hired as a cartographic technician, or a project cartographer hired on a temporary basis. Entry-level cartographer positions are definitely worth applying to, but depending on your education and portfolio you may need this surveyor or freelance work on your resume. 3 Look for government jobs.

Federal, state, and provincial governments are often major producers of maps, and hire many cartographers. Look online for your government's job postings board, or visit a local government office. At the local level, cartographers often work closely with city planners, county assessors and public works departments. 4 Find private sector jobs. Surveying firms, civil engineering businesses, and environmental consulting firms all use cartographers at their core, but you may not realize how many other companies use cartographers as well. Software companies often use mapping technology, and need cartographers or GIS specialists to help them develop it. [7] Insurance companies have been keeping and analyzing map records for centuries. Publishers sometimes have a cartographer on staff to update their atlases. 5 Get certified. Government organizations and professional cartographer organizations often have certification programs for different specialties of cartographers. Certification often requires significant job experience, but can help you find further jobs or advance to become a cartographic supervisor. Here are a few examples: [ American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing certification program. Community Q&A Cartographer or Photogrammetrist Cartographer or Photogrammetrist A cartographer and photogrammetrist could... Survey rough terrain by plane to create accurate maps.

Use photos to make a map of the Moon's craters. Create nautical charts to help guide ships through treacherous waters. Develop city maps to help tourists find their way. Key Facts & Information Overview Maps can give us much more information than ways to get from A to B. Maps can give us topographic, climate, and even political information. Cartographers and photogrammetrists collect a vast amount of data, such as aerial data and survey data to produce accurate maps and models. For example, by collecting rainfall data, a cartographer can make an accurate model of how rainfall can affect an area's watershed. The maps and models can then be used by policy makers to make informed decisions.

Key Requirements Mathematical reasoning; comfort with computers; the ability to see patterns in distracting materials; the ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly; and the ability to think in three dimensions Minimum Degree Subjects to Study in High School Algebra, geometry, trigonometry; if available, computer science, drafting, and mechanical drawing $80,000 Projected Job Growth (2012-2022) Faster than Average (14% to 20%) Interview Watch an interview with Gennady (Henry) Mogilevich as he discusses, in detail, his career experiences as a geographical information systems guru. Related Occupations City and regional planning aides Postal service mail carriers Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service Bus drivers, transit and intercity Source: O*Net Training, Other Qualifications Most cartographers and photogrammetrists have a bachelor's degree in surveying or a related field. A number of states require cartographers and photogrammetrists to be licensed as surveyors, and some states have specific licenses for photogrammetrists. The American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing has voluntary certification programs for technicians and professionals in photogrammetry, remote sensing, and GIS.

To qualify for these professional distinctions, individuals must meet work experience and training standards and pass a written examination. The professional recognition of these certifications can help workers gain promotions. Education and Training Cartographers and photogrammetrists usually have a bachelor's degree in cartography, geography, surveying, engineering, forestry, computer science, or a physical science; although a few enter these positions after working as technicians. With the development of GIS, cartographers and photogrammetrists need more education and stronger technical skills—including more experience with computers—than in the past. Other Qualifications Cartographers and photogrammetrists should be able to visualize objects, distances, sizes, and abstract forms. They must work with precision and accuracy because mistakes can be costly. Nature of the Work Watch this video showing how a geographic information specialist can provide information about a location to help policy makers understand the effects of their decisions. Watch this video showing how a geographic information specialist can provide information about a location to help policy makers understand the effects of their decisions. Cartographers and photogrammetrists are responsible for measuring and mapping Earth's surface. Cartographers and photogrammetrists collect, analyze, interpret, and map geographic information from surveys and from data and photographs collected using airplanes and satellites.

This occupation plays a key role in the field of geospatial information. Photogrammetrists and cartographers measure, map, and chart Earth's surface. Their work involves everything from performing geographical research and compiling data to producing maps. They collect, analyze, and interpret both spatial data (such as latitude, longitude, elevation, and distance) and nonspatial data (such as population density, land-use patterns, annual precipitation levels, and demographic characteristics). Their maps may give both physical and social characteristics of the land. They prepare maps in either digital or graphic form, using information provided by geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems, including aerial cameras, satellites, and LIDAR. LIDAR—light-imaging detection and ranging—uses lasers attached to planes and other equipment to digitally map the topography of Earth. It is often more accurate than traditional surveying methods and also can be used to collect other forms of data, such as the location and density of forests. Data developed by LIDAR can be used by cartographers and photogrammetrists to provide spatial information to specialists in geology, seismology, forestry, and construction, and other fields.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become an integral tool for cartographers and photogrammetrists. Workers use GIS to assemble, integrate, analyze, and display data about location in a digital format. They also use GIS to compile information from a variety of sources. GIS typically are used to make maps that combine information useful for environmental studies, geology, engineering, planning, business marketing, and other disciplines. As more of these systems are developed, many mapping specialists are being called geographic information specialists. Work Environment Cartographers and photogrammetrists spend most of their time in offices using computers. However, certain jobs may require extensive field work to verify results and acquire data. On the Job Identify, scale, and orient geodetic points, elevations, and other planimetric or topographic features, applying standard mathematical formulas. Collect information about specific features of the Earth using aerial photography and other digital remote sensing techniques. Revise existing maps and charts, making all necessary corrections and adjustments. Compile data required for map preparation, including aerial photographs, survey notes, records, reports, and original maps. Inspect final compositions to ensure completeness and accuracy.

Determine map content and layout, as well as production specifications such as scale, size, projection, and colors, and direct production to ensure that specifications are followed. Examine and analyze data from ground surveys, reports, aerial photographs, and satellite images to prepare topographic maps, aerial-photograph mosaics, and related charts. Select aerial photographic and remote sensing techniques and plotting equipment needed to meet required standards of accuracy. Delineate aerial photographic detail such as control points, hydrography, topography, and cultural features using precision stereoplotting apparatus or drafting instruments. Build and update digital databases. Prepare and alter trace maps, charts, tables, detailed drawings, and three-dimensional optical models of terrain using stereoscopic plotting and computer graphics equipment. Determine guidelines that specify which source material is acceptable for use. Study legal records to establish boundaries of local, national, and international properties. Travel over photographed areas to observe, identify, record, and verify all relevant features. Source: BLS Cartographer or Photogrammetrist Salary: Latest Wage and Compensation Trends in Your Area.

All Careers Salary for Cartographers and Photogrammetrists Also known as: Cadastral Mapper, Digital Cartographer, Engineer, Photogrammetric, Map Maker, Mapper, Orthophotography Technician, Photo Cartographer, Photogrammetrist, Topographer Get new Cartographer or Photogrammetrist jobs by email Enter an email SEE MORE SALARIES FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROFESSIONALS Cartographers and photogrammetrists collect, analyze and present geographical and spatial data in easy to interpret formats. They may use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or design and develop these tools for others to use. These professionals may also research, design and prepare maps for use in many industries. They must be able to interpret data obtained via satellite, aerial photography, and geodetic surveys. Specialized training or apprenticeships may be necessary for this occupation, and many cartographers and photogrammetrists also have Bachelor's degrees. Salaries in this field vary from $50,000-$65,000. A Cartographer or Photogrammetrist will usually earn wages that can range from 48000 to 72000 based on tenure and industry expertise.

Cartographers and Photogrammetrists earn average salaries of Sixty One Thousand Eight Hundred dollars per year. Cartographers and Photogrammetrists can get the best compensation in New Jersey, where they earn salary pay of near $76040. Employees with these job titles receive the highest compensation in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services, where they can get average pay of $73390. Are you an aspiring cartographer or photogrammetrist? Want a new opportunity where you can earn a higher salary? Create your free cartographer or photogrammetrist job alert today and take control of your future. The national wage distribution is shown below. To overlay local salaries for a Cartographer or Photogrammetrist, please select your state. ANNUAL SALARY HOURLY RATE Recruiter makes it easy to find out about new jobs for cartographers and photogrammetrists. Create your job alert and learn about new openings in your area. SALARY TREND The annual compensation for this career has gone up since 2004. Salaries have increased by an average of 26.54 percent nationwide in that time. INDUSTRIES Cartographer - DIY Cancel Save!

Cartographer Cartographers make maps to help people understand places. Anything can be placed on a map, so we decide what's important to include – be it trails, forests, landmarks, or ice cream. Cartographer Cartographer Cartographers collect information about the geography of an area to design and produce maps, charts and pictures. Salary: £18,000 to £45,000 average per year Hours: 37 per week You’ll usually need a degree in a related subject, like: earth sciences topographic science land surveying Employers may also accept degrees in other subjects like computer science, software engineering, or graphic design. An MSc may help you find work in a specialist field of cartography like GIS. You may also be able to get into this role by starting out as a trainee technician and working your way up. If you want to work as a cartographer in the armed forces, you can apply to the British army as a geographic technician, or the Royal Air Force as an air cartographer. The British Cartographic Society and Ordnance Survey have more information on internships, graduate schemes and becoming a cartographer. 2.

Skills required excellent IT and maths skills design skills the ability to analyse information from different sources a logical approach a high level of accuracy and attention to detail 3. What you'll do You’ll work on different kinds of maps, like: climate maps satellite navigation or satnav maps tourist maps Your day-to-day duties might include: using desktop publishing and specialist computer software designing digital or paper based maps checking maps and charts are accurate and to scale editing maps, adding and removing new roads, structures or landmarks collecting and analysing data from remote sensors on satellites and planes using GIS to model and analyse landscape features plotting the heights and positions of geographical features from aerial photographs carrying out topographic surveys of the land and hydrographic surveys of the sea and coastal areas 4. Salary If you’re freelance, you’ll set your own rates. These figures are a guide. 5. Working hours, patterns and environment You’ll usually work 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday. You may have to work longer to meet deadlines for publication, or when finishing a project. You’ll usually be based in an office and spend most of your time working with computers. 6. Career path and progression With experience you could become a senior cartographer and manage mapping projects and staff.

If you specialise in working with GIS, you could apply for Chartered Geographer (GIS) status . You could also work on a freelance basis, but you’ll need your own mapping equipment. Last updated: 13 December 2016

Question: What would a cartographer make?
Answer: Maps