Glossary of Carriages Glossary of Carriages Break (Brake) An open country vehicle with four wheels of varying shapes. The Shooting Break carried six sportsmen with space for their dogs, guns and game in the slatted sided boot. Break vehicles, sometimes have a hood and are characterised by having longitudinal seats with the passengers sitting facing each other and alighting by a rear entry. See photographs of a real Kinross Wagonnette Break here. Brougham An enclosed carriage drawn by one horse without as many windows as a coach. Named after the designer, Lord Brougham, an English statesman in 1839, it was popular in the Victorian age among both aristocrats and the middle classes. See an advert for a Kinross Brougham with circular front movable glasses or a photograph here. Buggy A hooded Gig . The Americans use Buggy to describe various two or four wheeled vehicles, but generally it refers to light carriages built for speed. See the details of a Kinross Buggy which was withdrawn from sale or a picture of Mrs Kinross showing a Piano Box Buggy .

Coach State carriage, four-wheeled, seating four, usually enclosed with windows all around, a curved underbody and the roof forming part of the framing of the body. A Town Coach was a massive vehicle, drawn by up to six heavy horses, with armorial bearings painted on the doors. Curricle A light, two-wheeled vehicle, usually drawn by a pair of horses abreast, a favourite of men-about-town before the cabriolet. This was the only two-wheeled vehicle built to be drawn by a pair, and had a steel bar attached to pads on the horses backs, which supported the weight of the pole. Dog-Cart A small, light two-wheeled (later four-wheeled), one-horse vehicle for driving in. Used for short trips, such as to meet guests at the railway station or going shopping. The first Perth Dog-Cart was made by Mr William Kinross in Stirling, and a good many more like it. The Dog-Cart was derived from a gig and was used for carrying four sportsmen sitting back to back with their dogs underneath in a deep boot with venetian slatted sides.

Click here for photographs of a real Kinross two-wheeled Dog-Cart , a four-wheeled Dog-Cart , a Perth Cart or the Stirling Observer report of Walter Gilbey's Stirling welcome . Governess Cart A tub-shaped, two-wheeled, one-horsed vehicle originally designed for a governess to take young children in relative safety. The body was hung on elliptic springs with a cranked axle to give a lower centre of gravity. Access is by a rear door with a low-hung step for small children and the outside door handle is low down out of their reach. The main disadvantages are the sideways driving position and the difficulty of opening the door to get out in a hurry, to control an excited horse. The carriage on the left hand side of the picture of the Long Saloon showroom is a Governess Cart . See some real Kinross Governess Carts here. Hansom Cab A two-wheeled cabriolet for two inside, with the driver mounted behind and his reins going over the roof, patented in 1834.

Despite being public vehicles for hire, many were privately owned and considered rather dashing vehicles such that no lady would venture out in one unaccompanied. Hackney A hackney coach or carriage kept for hire. These were often the discarded coaches of the nobility and were much despised on account of their shabbiness and dirty interiors. Hackney Coach comes from the French haquenée meaning a horse for hire. Jaunting Car A traditional Irish two-wheeled vehicle with side facing seats hung over the wheels. It was driven from the side or from a central front driver's seat above the luggage in rather unbalanced variations. Whilst the driver or jarvey required considerable skill, to drive sideways, the passengers also had to concentrate to stay seated on the corners, keep their legs dry in the wet and avoid being hit by obstacles due to the width of the vehicle. Also known as a Side Car, Irish Car or an Outside Car. Landau A four-wheeled carriage with a folding two-part hood, the front and back halves of which can be raised and lowered independently. Originally from Landau, Germany.

The Canoe Landau has a rounded underbody, which appears lightly built, compared to the more angular Shelborne Landau in which the underbody mirrors the shape of the seating. See an advert showing a Kinross Canoe Landau built for His Highness, The Rajah of Jowar in 1871 or this Canoe Landau on the right hand side of the Long Saloon showroom. Omnibus A large wheeled public vehicle, plying on a fixed route, taking and picking up passengers at fixed stages or at any point along the way. Shillibeer's first omnibus of 1829 had bench seats for 18 passengers inside with a door at the back. William Kinross & Sons were awarded a silver medal for their improved omnibus design as exhibited at the 1851 Great Exhibition. Van A light, general purpose, four-wheeled, trade vehicle with a square body and flat sides, often covered with a canvas top on hoops. The driving seat is the entire width of the front with a low footboard and there is no proper dashboard. A van has springs whilst a waggon or cart has solid axles.

The name is derived from Caravan, which was a train or convoy of goods travelling together for safety. See photographs of a real Kinross Van here. Victoria A light, low, four-wheeled, one horse carriage with a seat for two, a raised driver's seat and a folding hood. They have no doors and have nearly continuous front and rear mudguards, which sweep down like a running board to form an entry step. A popular ladies' carriage, partly through the snob appeal of its name. Vis-À-Vis A narrow coach, seating only two people face to face, used for ceremonial occasions. It was soon superseded by Dress Chariots and State Coaches, but the name was used for carriages where the occupants sat opposite each other. See a photograph of a real Kinross Vis-À-Vis here. Waggon A four-wheeled, heavy haulage farm vehicle handmade by the local wheelwright. The distance between the wheels was set to match the the gauge of the ruts in the local roads. There were roughly 35 local varieties of waggon around Britain. The carter walked alongside controlling the horse just by his voice and a long whip or by holding onto the bridle.

There was no suspension and large wheels to cope with the uneven tracks. A heavy waggon was drawn by a team of carthorses which were expensive to run, with poor manoeuvrability and unsuitable for hilly regions. Wagon usually refers to a railway wagon and waggon to a road waggon. Appendix to Cadillac "Styling" section [coaching terminology] Appendix to Cadillac "Styling" section Names of various automobile body styles and earlier horse-drawn carriages (some of the latter remaining in current usage) Eighteenth century, 4-seater coach owned by a Mrs. Herrick of Leicestershire, England; this and the other vignettes, below, are drawn from the prestigious, full-color catalog of Fleetwood body styles for 1930 All-Weather : a four- to six-seater convertible sedan with roll-up windows; usually four-door but occasionally two- or three-door (Gentile).

Barouche : 4-seater, half-coverable, two front passengers faced the rear ones (French vis-�-vis?); in U.S., a cal�che for 2-pass.; [example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94]; also known as a German wagon; Barrel-sided tourer : A tourer with rounded sides [a friend, Cl�ment Plard, owns such a tourer built on a Rolls-Royce Phantom I chassis in 1928 by I. Wilkinson, of Derby]. Beekman Coach : This type of coach was used in new York in the late eighteenth century Berline : Used primarily by Italian and Continental coach builders to describe a sedan. Database user, Harry Tresoor, said (in April, 2003) the term is derived from the German "Berliner", a simple 19th century horse-drawn coach used to follow the major coaches in wedding and funaral processions. He believes the itlian "belinetta" (e.g. Ferrari) may have also a connection. Boat-Tail : Used to describe the pointed rear end used on some sporting, usually open, coachwork.

Britschka : carriage with a barouche seat in front and a rumble in the back (the rumble is on old term for dickey, it took luggage and less-regarded passengers). Brougham : named after its inventor, Peter Lord Brougham and Vaux; a one-horse closed carriage with 2 or 4 wheels for 2 or 4 people (19th century). In automotive parlance, normally a formal, close-coupled sedanca de ville. Buckboard : flexible carriage for 2, slung between 2 axles; [1885 example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Cabriolet : leading to public cab, was 2-wheeled, one-horse chaise with an open hood. A continental term for virtually any car with a folding top and roll-up windows. Cadillac used the term in the thirties for models with fixed, leather or cloth-covered tops; the continental equivalent would be Faux Cabriolet (or dummy convertible). Calash : (French cal�che) Chaise or Shay : 2 passenger carriage [1870 example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] .

The drawing below illustrates a colonial American post chaise Chariot : a half-coach where driver portion is separate from passenger compartment; this was renamed coupe in 19th century [1797 example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Clarence : 4-seater Close-coupled : Used to describe an automobile body with the rear seat located close to the front seat (and generally positioned over or ahead of the rear axle). Cloverleaf body: open car with seating for 2 in front and one [or sometimes two] in the rear Coachee : [French cocher = coach driver] U.S. 18-19th century; also known as a New Jersey wagon [example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Concord wagon : These were used as hotel and mail coaches in the U.S. [1865 example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Convertible : U.S. term for the English drop-head. Convertible Coupe : (as above). Convertible sedan : another U.S. term for All-Weather sedan.

Coupe : A two-door, enclosed body with small or no rear seat; since WWII, the term has come to mean any two-door closed body but, more properly, a large, two-door is termed in England a two-door saloon. In Britain, may be preceded by drop head (convertible) or fixed head (stationary). Database visitor, Harry Tresoor, reminds us quite correctly that "coup�"(French) means "cut-off"; the earliest coupe was a 19th century type of coach with the front seats cut off. Essentially it had but one row of seats. Coupe de Ville : A Continental term for a town car, from the French couper (to cut) and ville (town or city), i.e. a car cut open at the front for city, chauffeur-driven use. Cadillac began using the term in 1949 to designate a luxuriously appointed, two-door, pillarless 5-6 seater.

Curricle : named after its inventor, Lady Betty Curricle, light two-wheeler, 18th century, parent of the Victorian dog-cart, the earliest of which were drawn by dogs (later so-named because there was room to carry sporting dogs under the driver's seat. Also referred to as a duodecimo phaeton and 2-horse shay [example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Cyclecar : A light car, generally with an engine of less than 4 cylinders, often air-cooled, with chain or belt final drive. Dearborn : [From the name of the inventor] a kind of light four-wheeled wagon used in country districts in parts of the United States [dixit Oxford English Dictionary]; Webster's adds that it had curtained sides. Dennet : named after its inventor, a light 2-seater. Dos-�-dos : [literally back-to-back] a 4-passenger car in which the occupants sat back to back. Doctor coupe, Doctor's coupe : A two-seater Drop head (convertible), often with dickey (rumble) seat (U.K.).

Cadillac used the term for its first fully enclosed cars (1906-1910). Dog cart or Shooting pig : popular in U.K.; high wheels, dogs carried below in special box [1890 example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Double enclosed-drive limousine : A term used in the '20s to designate what is now called a limousine, i.e. a sedan with a division. Drop head, Drop head Coupe : A two-door body with fully folding top and roll-up windows (U.K.) Droshky : Russian carriage. Duodecimo phaeton : the Latin duodecimo means twelfth but I am not sure how this term applies to this carriage . See , above. Enclosed-drive limousine : A term used in the '20s to describe a limousine body. Faux-cabriolet : A Continental term for a two-door, fixed head or stationary coupe resembling a Drop head or convertible. Fixed head coupe : (see Coupe, above).

Flush-side tourer : A tourer with relatively flat sides (U.K.) Four-light : (U.K.) Used in conjunction with sedan, limousine or town car, describes a body without windows aft of the rear doors. In the U.S. : formal. Fly [or Rat] : a quick-travelling carriage, especially a light vehicle introduced in Brighton in 1816 and originally drawn by men [oriental Rick Shaw]; later, any one-horse covered carriage (as cab or hansom) let out for hire. Four-wheeler : larger brother to the hansom, slow and dowdy, commonly called the growler. Gig : a light 2-seater. Hansom : named after its inventor, known as the gondola of London, a low-hung, single-seater, 2-wheeled cabriolet with driver mounted high, in the rear, on a dickey behind and the reins going over the top [example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94]. High-wheeler : motorized buggy that enjoyed some popularity in the early part of the century [1907-1912].

Landau : from Landau in Germany, from the House of Hanover, a 4-seater of that name. Gentile considers it a coach term that is confusing when applied to car bodies. A car with a transformable roof that opened either over the front or the rear of the driver and passenger area. Cadillac used the term to describe any car with folding quarters over the rear seat, or even fixed rear quarters externally decorated with false landau bars. The more appropriate denomination is Landaulet or Landaulette. The landau coach of England's Queen Victoria is shown below Landaulet (or Landaulette) : (see entry above) Limousine : A four-door sedan with glass division. In modern terms, used to describe a large sedan with division; compact versions are termed touring limousines. Mail coach : These were popular in England in the early nineteenth century; illustrated below is the coach that operated the Royal Mail route between London and Liverpool in 1810 Monocar : Ultra-light motorized vehicle for one person as built in the period from 1912 to 1915.

Motor buggy : [see high-wheeler, above] Omnibus (private) : U.S. 18-19th century; carriage for 6-7 passengers [example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Open-drive limousine : Normally a limousine with no side windows to the driver's compartment. Owner-driver saloon : (U.K.) A compact saloon (sedan) frequently with a division, suitable for use with or without a chauffeur. Park Drag - a closed coach style with outside seating above [1893 example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Phaeton (formerly used with a carriage-horse), this is named after the sun God's son and charioteer Phaethon. Database visitor, Harry Tresoor, added that said Phaethon was known to ride around recklessly in his chariot! The first "phaeton" appeared London in 1742; it was a four-wheeled, open pleasure-carriage, usually fitted with seats that faced forward.

According to Gentile, another term for a "touring car"; he suggests that sometimes Phaeton is used to describe a deluxe or fancy touring car. Frequently seen as double phaeton, it became a triple-phaeton when it was fitted with three rows of seats [see also Roi des Belges]; this coach style is known as a 4-wheel chaise in U.S. [example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Pillarless : This adjective is used to describe a saloon (sedan) or coupe body with no roof pillars aft of the front doors. Pleasure wagon : open, horse-dawn New England coach with �tulip�-like seat like the 1907 Cadillac Model K [1820 example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Pullman : According to Gentile, an especially large and roomy limousine. Rear-entrance Tonneau : An early form of tourer (1900-1910) featuring a door in the center of the car at the rear.

Roadster : A two-door, two-seater, open car without roll-up windows and frequently fitted with a dickey (rumble) seat. Roi-des-Belges [literally King of the Belgians ] : or Tulip phaeton. According to Gentile, an early style of tourer [1900-1910]. Also a luxurious open car style named after King Leopold II of Belgium, the name having been given [or so the story goes] by the king's mistress, Cl�o de M�rode. Runabout : General term for a light-weight, 2-passenger, light, fast carriage [example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94]; used to describe light, open car of the early century. Salamanca : (U.K.) A town car or sedanca de ville on which the roof is fully collapsible, converting the car into a fully open tourer (Salamanca is the capital of a province of western Spain where the French were defeated in battle by the Duke of Wellington in 1812). Saloon : The U.K. term for sedan.

A four-door, enclosed, four- or six-seater car generally without a division. Sedan : The U.S. term for the British saloon. A closed car with 2 or 4 doors for 4 or more passengers. Database visitor, Harry Tresoor, mentioned correctly the town of Sedan, in France, where the carrying-chair was invented, circa 1650. The relation with car terminology is not certain ...unless you add 4 wheels and an engine to a so-called sedan chair! Sedanca coupe : (U.K.) A two-door style with fully opening front, but fixed or stationary rear quarters (viz. U.S. town car). Sedanca de Ville : (U.K.) A limousine with fully opening front, with or without roll-up windows in the driver's compartment, and fixed or stationary rear quarters. Four windows were generally fitted in the rear compartment as against two in the American town car. The removable top over the chauffeur's compartment is termed the tendelet (from the French tendre, meaning to draw or pull out) or the De Ville extension. A town car.

Shay : [see chaise, above] Shooting brake : (U.K.) A station wagon, generally with wood-paneled sides (in French : le break). Shooting pig : [see Dog cart , above] Six-light : (U.K.) Used in conjunction with sedan, limousine or town car, describes a body with windows aft of the rear doors (in the U.S.: six-window). Skiff : A very light roadster or tourer frequently of boat-like design (Gentile). Sociable : vehicle used by Queen Victoria for her drives around Balmoral; John Brown sat in the rumble. Sports saloon : (U.K.) The equivalent of the U.S. close-coupled sedan. Stage wagon : also known as stage coach [1900 example seen Ford Museum, Dearborn, 9/94] Stanhope : regency period, one-seater, invented by the Hon. and Rev. Fitzroy Stanhope. State chariot : The eighteenth century, 2-seater closed carriage used by George III of England was so named Surrey : An open car for 4 passengers from the early part of the century; it was characterized by a fringed top. Three-position...

: Adjective applied to cars with a convertible top that could be opened partly (over the chauffeur's compartment only) or fully, converting the car to an open tourer. Tilbury : named after its inventor, a light 2-seater. Tonneau : An early style of touring car for 4 passengers in which access to the rear compartment was by a rear door. Later, when wheel bases became lengthened, doors were fitted at the sides of the tonneau; such cars became known as side entrance tonneaus. The tonneau refers to that portion of the body located aft of the front seat. Torpedo or torpedo tourer : A sporty touring car; the French equivalent of the Phaeton. It was characterized by an unbroken body line from radiator to windshield and back to the rear of the car. Seats were flush with the body belt line. Tourer or Touring car : A four- or six-seater open car without roll-up windows and usually with four doors (but sometimes only two or three doors when mounted on a sporting chassis). Early touring cars had no lateral bad-weather protection; later ones had detachable screens and curtains.

Touring limousine : A close-coupled limousine, frequently without auxiliary seating and (after 1930) with a built-in trunk (boot). Town car : The U.S. equivalent of the British Sedanca de ville. A car in which the driver area was open and the passenger compartment closed. Toy tonneau : A smaller version of the tonneau. Traveling coach : Sixteenth century appellation for a semi-enclosed, horse-drawn carriage; illustrated below is such a coach, as used by Queen Elizabeth I of England Traveling posting carriage : Seventeenth century mail coach Victoria : (1870) genteel variant on Phaeton, 4-wheels, collapsible hood, two main seats facing horse and one �pull-out� stool facing these seats. In automobile parlance, according to Gentile, most commonly a two-door, four-seater Drop head or coupe. Since Packard and other U.S. makers (including Cadillac, and mainly for its 2-door, 5-passenger convertibles in the Twenties and Thirties) used the term to describe a very specific Drop head style, Victoria is now frequently reserved for that style.

Vis-�-vis : Literally opposite or facing. A 4-passenger car in which two passengers sat facing the driver. Wagonette : A large car, for 6 or more occupants in which two rear seats faced each other [as in today's stretched limousines]. Car was entered from the rear and the vehicle was usually open. Meaning of Landau Landau [carriage] A landau is a coachbuilding term for a type of four-wheeled, convertible carriage. See also Landau (automobile). It is lightweight and suspended on elliptical springs. It was invented in the 18th century; landau in this sense is first noted in English in 1743. It was named after the German city of Landau in the Rhenish Palatinate... Landau [crater] The outer rim of Landau is heavily eroded and modified by subsequent impacts. The most notable of these is Wood, which overlays the northwest rim. Much of the floor is hilly and irregular, with only the northeast quadrant being somewhat level. There are multiple small craters and craterlets in the floor. The most intact section of ...

Landau [automobile] Landau, when used in referencing an automobile, generally means a simulated convertible. ==History== Landau is originally a coachbuilding term for a type of carriage; see Landau (carriage). Many coachbuilding terms transferred over to automobile usage, since coachbuilders began making motor car bodies instead, and because custo... Landau Landau or Landau in der Pfalz (pop. 41,821) is an autonomous (kreisfrei) town surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße (`Southern Wine Route`) district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990), a long-standing cultural centre, and a market and shopping town, surrounded by vineyards and wine-growing villages ..... Car body style - Wikicars Car body style Jump to: navigation , search Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. Some are still in production, while others are of historical interest only. These styles are largely (though not completely) independent of a car's classification in terms of price, size and intended broad market; the same car model might be available in multiple body styles (or model ranges).

For some of the following terms, especially relating to four-wheel drive / SUV models and minivan / MPV models, the distinction between body style and classification is particularly narrow. Please note that while each body style has a historical and technical definition, in common usage such definitions are often blurred. Over time, the common usage of each term evolves. For example, people often call 4-passenger sport coupés a "sports car", while purists will insist that a sports car by definition is limited to two-place vehicles. Contents In automotive engineering , the bodywork of an automobile is the structure which protects: The occupants Any other payload The mechanical components. In vehicles with a separate frame or chassis , the term bodywork is normally applied to only the non-structural panels, including doors and other movable panels, but it may also be used more generally to include the structural components which support the mechanical components. Construction There are three main types of automotive bodywork: The first automobiles were designs adapted in large part from horse-drawn carriages, and had body-on-frame construction with a wooden frame and wooden or metal body panels.

Wooden-framed motor vehicles remain in production to this day, with many of the cars made by the Morgan Motor Company still having wooden structures underlying their bodywork. A steel chassis or ladder frame replaced the wooden frame. This form of body-on-frame construction is still common for commercial vehicles . Monocoque , or unibody construction, in which the "chassis" is part of, and integrated with the metal body. It provides support to all the mechanical components, as well as protection for the vehicle occupants. Although there is no separate complete frame or chassis, many monocoque/unibody designs now often include subframes . Steel monocoque construction is now the most common form of car bodywork, although aluminum and carbon fiber may also be used. Less common types include tube frame and space frame designs used for high-performance cars. There have also been various hybrids, for example the Volkswagen Beetle had a chassis, consisting of the floor pan, door sills and central tunnel, but this chassis relied on the stiffening provided by the bodywork, a technique sometimes called semi-monocoque construction. Non-structural body panels have been made of wood, steel, aluminum, fiberglass and several more exotic materials.

Body styles There are several common car body styles: Enclosed: Styles in current use 4x4 or 4WD ("four-by-four" or "four-wheel drive") A four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously. The terms are usually (but not exclusively) used in Europe to describe what is referred to in North America as a sport utility vehicle or SUV (see below). Cabrio coach or Semi-convertible A form of car roof, where a retractable textile cover amounts to a large sunroof . Fundamental to various older designs such as the Citroën 2CV ; sometimes an option on modern cars. Coupé A 2-door, 2- or 4-seat car with a fixed roof. Its doors are often longer than those of an equivalent sedan and the rear passenger area smaller; the roof may also be low. In cases where the rear seats are very small and not intended for regular use it is called a 2+2 (pronounced "two plus two"). Originally, a coupé was required to have only one side window per side, but this consideration has not been used for many years.

Crossover (or CUV) A loose marketing term to describe a vehicle that blends features of a SUV with features of a car — especially forgoing the body on frame construction of the SUV in favor of the car's unibody or monocoque construction. Hatchback Identified by a rear door including the back window that opens vertically to access a storage area not separated from the rest of the passenger compartment. May be 3 or 5-door and 2 to 5 seats, but generally in the US the tailgate isn't counted making it a 2-door and 4-door. Hearse A converted luxury car usually used to transport the dead. Often longer and heavier than the vehicle on which they are usually based. Can sometimes double up as an ambulance in some countries, such as the United States, especially in rural areas. Minibus Designed to carry fewer people than a full-size bus, generally up to 16 people in multiple rows of seats. Passenger access in normally via a sliding door on one side of the vehicle. One example of a van with a minibus version available is the Ford Transit.

Minivan North American term for a boxy wagon-type of car usually containing three or four rows of seats, with a capacity of six or more passengers. Often with extra luggage space also. As opposed to the larger van, the minivan was developed primarily as a passenger vehicle, though is more van-like than a station wagon. In Britain, these are generally referred to as people carriers . People carrier or people mover European name to describe what is usually referred to in North America as an Minivan . Pickup truck a.k.a pickup A small, medium, or large-sized truck, though smaller in every case than a Semi tractor truck. The passenger cabin is wholly separated from the cargo bed. Pillarless Usually a prefix to coupé, fastback, or hardtop; completely open at the sides when the windows are down, without a central pillar , e.g. the Sunbeam Rapier fastback coupé. Ragtop Originally an open car like a roadster, but with a soft top (cloth top) that can be raised or lowered. Unlike a convertible , it had no roll-up side windows. Now often used as slang for a convertible.

Roadster Originally a two-seat open car with minimal weather protection — without top or side glass — though possibly with optional hard or soft top and side curtains (i.e., without roll-up glass windows). In modern usage, the term means simply a two-seat sports car convertible, a variation of spyder. Sedan A car seating four or more with a fixed roof that is full-height up to the rear window. Known in British English as a saloon. Sedans can have 2 or 4-doors. This is the most common body style. In the U.S., this term has been used to denote a car with fixed window frames, as opposed to the hardtop style wherein the sash, if any, winds down with the glass. Sedan delivery North American term for a vehicle similar to a wagon but without side windows, similar to a panel truck but with two doors (one on each side), and one or two rear doors . Often shortened to delivery; used alone, "delivery" is presumed to be a sedan delivery. No longer manufactured. Spyder (or Spider) Similar to a roadster but originally with less weather protection. The term originated from a small two-seat horse cart with a folding sunshade made of four bows.

With its black cloth top and exposed sides for air circulation, the top resembled a spider. Nowadays it simply means a convertible sports car . A car with a full-height body all the way to the rear; the load-carrying space created is accessed via a rear door or doors. Sometimes shortened to just wagon. Surrey top Similar to the Porsche Targa top, the surrey top was developed by Triumph in 1962 for the TR4 . Targa top A semi-convertible style used on some sports cars, featuring a fully removable hard top roof panel which leaves the A and B pillars in place on the car body. (e.g. Fiat X1/9 ). Strictly, the term originated from and is trademarked by Porsche for a derivate of its 911 series, the Porsche 911 Targa, itself named after the famous Targa Florio rally. A related styling motif is the Targa band, sometimes called a wrapover band which is a single piece of chrome or other trim extending over the roof of the vehicle and down the sides to the bottom of the windows.

It was probably named because the original Porsche Targa had such a band behind its removable roof panel in the late 60s. Ute Australian/New Zealand English term for the Coupe Utility body style (see above). Sometimes used informally to refer to any utility vehicle, particularly light trucks such as a pickup truck . In American English, sport-ute is sometimes used to refer to an SUV (see above). Van In North America "van" refers to a truck-based commercial vehicle of the wagon style, whether used for passenger or commercial use. Usually a van has no windows at the side rear (panel van), although for passenger use, side windows are included. In other parts of the world, 'van' denotes a passenger-based wagon with no rear side windows. North American term (mainly U.S. and Canada). Similar to a sedan delivery, with four doors. Sometimes shortened to delivery; used alone, "delivery" is presumed to be a sedan delivery. No longer manufactured. Non-English terms Some non-English language terms are familiar from their use on imported vehicles in English-speaking nations even though the terms have not been adopted into English. Portuguese alternative term (less used) for a van . Used in Brazilian Portuguese.

Jeep Russian, Bulgarian, German, Portuguese, Hebrew and Greek term for a sport utility vehicle . Originally from the English-language jeep , of which the name's origins can be researched on the Jeep page. Kombi is a German abbreviation of "Kombinationswagen" (Combination Car) and it is German name for station wagon . Since Germany is a major producer of cars for many European countries, the term Kombi in this meaning is also used in Russian, Swedish, Czech, Slovak, Polish, Slovenian, Serbian, Croatian, Hungarian, Spanish, Portuguese, Bulgarian. In Afrikaans, Kombi is also used to refer to a Volkswagen Microbus Minibus Danish term for station wagon . Turismo Spanish term for a sedan . Literally means tourism, used mostly in Latin American countries. Alternative names Car manufacturers sometimes invent names for the body styles of their cars for the purpose of differentiating themselves from other manufacturers. These names are often, but not always, adaptations of other words and terms. The body styles themselves correlate closely to those listed above. Aerodeck Name used by Honda in the 1990s for its station wagon /estate models.

Avant A name used by German maker Audi for their station wagon /estate car models. Bakkie A generic South African term for light pickup truck. Break El Camino (Spanish) In English: "the road". A trademark of Chevrolet , the 1959 El Camino was a half-car (front) and half-truck (back) with low walls surrounding the bed. In other words, it used the coupé utility body style. El Camino is used by some in the US as a generic term for any passenger car with an integral cargo bed. While the 1957 Ford Ranchero with similar body style debuted before the El Camino, it did not have the success of its Chevrolet counterpart. Caravan Used by Opel for its station wagon/estate car models. Combi The Mercedes-Benz name for their convertibles with a removable hardtop. Fordor and Tudor These names were coined by Ford Motor Company in the 1950s to describe four-door and two-door bodystyles respectively. These terms were used sporadically into the 1960s.

Giardinetta Name used in Italy in the 70s and early 80s in models for an Autobianchi three-door station wagon based on Fiat 600 , as well as a similar version of the Alfa Romeo Alfasud . Hardtop Convertible A retractable hardtop , e.g., the 1958 Ford Skyliner or Peugeot 's décapotable électrique of 1934. HPE Short for High Performance Estate, a name used by Lancia for a station wagon version of their Beta model. Resurrected for the three-door hatch version of the Lancia Delta Mk II. Kammback Originally, a car with a tapered rear that cuts off abruptly, after that shape's inventor Wunibald Kamm , commonly seen especially on sports cars . However, this usage is rare nowadays. In North America during the 1970s this style was used in the Chevrolet Vega wagon and AMC Hornet wagon, and so many think of it as another word for "station wagon" or "hatchback" respectively even though it refers to the very specific aerodynamic design of the back of the car.

This style is seeing a resurgence on modern vehicles (2004 Toyota Prius and Honda Insight ) in the interests of gasoline economy. Nevada Popular station wagon/estate version of the Renault 21 , so much that people dropped the 21 when referring to it. Notchback Originally, a sedan or possibly a coupe with a backlight (rear window) which slanted backward, so that the top of the roof extended further backward than the bottom of the window. Some types of the 1958 Lincoln had this, as well as some of Ford's British cars. Later, it became used for sedans or coupes which are not fastbacks, including many hatchbacks. Panorama Used by Fiat for station wagons during the late 1970s and early 1980s, notably the 127 , 128 and 131 . Replaced by the Weekend designation in the mid 1980s, but kept for passenger versions of light commercial vehicles. Pillared Hardtop This name was used by Ford in the 1970s to describe its bodies which had frameless door glass like a hardtop, but retained a center pillar like a sedan.

The 1972-1976 Torino sedans and wagons were of this type, as were the 1975-1979 Lincoln Town Cars . When GM introduced a similar style on their intermediates for 1973-1977, they called the two-doors Colonnade Hardtop Coupe and the four-doors, in a triumph of ad agency gibberish, Colonnade Hardtop Sedan. The 1976 Buick Century sedan used this configuration. Before Ford introduced its "Pillared Hardtops" in the early seventies, GM had the same body style available on its "C" body cars (Buick Electra 225, Oldsmobile 98 and Cadillacs) from 1965 to 1970. GM called them "semi-thin pillar sedans" as they had a slightly larger center pillars than other GM sedans (that were called "thin pillar sedans") but they had no window frames like the "thin pillar sedans" had. Prairie A high roofed station wagon , after the Nissan model of the same name.

Sport Activity Coupe (SAC) This name is used by BMW for their X5 -based X6 , which is called so because although it's an SUV, the X6 has the styling, ride height, and seating capacity of a typical coupe. Sport Activity Vehicle (SAV) This name is used by BMW for their sport utility vehicle models. It was first used on the X5 and later on the X3 . is how General Motors calls its models by Saab automobile . Sportshatch This term, which has been used by GM for several European models, has been applied to a number of body styles: A sporty liftback or hatchback and a sporty variant of a 2-door estate car (e.g. Vauxhall Magnum Sportshatch). A term used by Alfa Romeo to describe estates Sports Wagon A term used by a number of manufacturers in the North American market for their station wagon models, an example of the Sports Wagon would be the 1960s Buick Sport Wagon and the current Dodge Magnum . Auto manufacturers in recent years perceive a stigma attached to the term 'station wagon', and attempt to make these models sound more exciting. SW A term used by Peugeot to describe estates (eg.

Peugeot 407 SW) The SW models of Peugeot (without 206 SW) are station wagons with glass panoramic roof. There are also BREAK versions,which are station wagons without a glass roof. Tourer Used by Rover for its station wagon/estate car models. Touring Used by BMW and Mercedes-Benz in Europe for its station wagon/estate car models. In North America, "Sports Wagon" is used instead. Traveller Name applied to the Mini 's estate version. Later co-opted by Nissan and used for estate versions of the Sunny and Primera in Europe. Turnier Used by Ford in Europe for its station wagon/estate car models. Alternatively called Clipper in some markets. Variant Used by Volkswagen for its station wagon/estate car models. Vario Used by SEAT for its station wagon/estate car models. Verso Used by Toyota for MPV versions of the Yaris/Vitz , Corolla and Avensis . Volante Landaulet (Landaulette) A car in which there is a roof over the front seats and the rear doors (possibly with a center row of seats) but with a folding convertible roof over the rear quarters.

Phaeton An open car, normally describing a double or triple-row phaeton. There is often a folding fabric top but no side weather protection. Early Phaetons had a high-mounted rear seat for the driver. The modern VW Phaeton derives its name, but nothing else, from this style. Roadster utility (or Roadster ute) A car combining an open-topped roadster body with a rear cargo bed.<ref>Larry O'Toole, The Good Old Aussie Ute, 2000, page 6</ref> Roi des Belges Named after King Leopold II of Belgium who ordered the first example. A large open car with high built seats and the rear seat usually set higher than the front seat. Also know more rarely as a Tulip Phaeton because of the side profile of the rear of the car resembling the shape of a tulip flower head..

Question: What is the name of the four-wheeled horse-drawn convertible carriage, named after a town in Germany, used in Blackpool?
Answer: LANDAU