Zorro | fictional character | Britannica.com fictional character Zorro, fictional character created in 1919 by writer Johnston McCulley. The masked, sword-wielding vigilante defends the poor and victimized against the forces of injustice, and his feats have been featured in virtually every form of media. Lobby card for The Mark of Zorro (1940), directed by Rouben Mamoulian. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation Zorro, whose name in Spanish means “fox,” was likely based on Mexican folktales of a noble bandit who fought on behalf of the peasantry and indigenous peoples. The character first appeared in McCulley’s serialized five-part story “ The Curse of Capistrano, ” which was published in the pulp magazine All-Story Weekly beginning in August 1919. Zorro’s true identity is Don Diego Vega (later changed to Don Diego de la Vega), a young nobleman who lived in Los Angeles, California, during the early 19th century when the area was still under Spanish rule. Don Diego became the swordsman Zorro in order to defend the people of Los Angeles from political oppression.

Zorro famously uses the letter Z as his “mark,” using his sword to carve it into the clothes—or sometimes the bodies—of his adversaries in three swift strokes. Zorro is not only a master swordsman but a skilled marksman and horseman. In 1920 Douglas Fairbanks starred in a film adaptation of McCulley’s story, titled The Mark of Zorro , which became a commercial hit and an enduring classic. It was this film that established Zorro’s iconic black costume, which featured a cape, a gaucho hat, and a mask that concealed the top half of his face. As a result of the film’s success, McCulley wrote more than 60 more Zorro stories, starting in 1922; the last was published in 1959, a year after McCulley’s death. In addition to his success on the printed page, Zorro remained a popular draw at the box office, and Fairbanks returned to the role in a movie sequel, Don Q, Son of Zorro (1925). The 1940 remake of The Mark of Zorro starred Tyrone Power in the title role.

In The Mask of Zorro (1998), Anthony Hopkins played an aging Don Diego, who emerges from retirement to train Antonio Banderas ’s character to be his successor as Zorro. Banderas reprised that role in The Legend of Zorro in 2005. Zorro’s television appearances included Walt Disney ’s Zorro series (1957–59), starring Guy Williams as the masked hero, as well as a syndicated live-action show (1990–93) and numerous animated series. Lobby card for The Sign of Zorro (1958), directed by Lewis R. Foster and … Walt Disney Pictures Dynamite - The Official Site | Battlestar Galactica: Gods & Monsters, The Blood Queen Omnibus Trade Paperback, A Train Called Love Trade Paperback, The Boys and More! Info ZORRO Zorro (originally called Señor Zorro) is a fictional character created in 1919 by pulp writer Johnston McCulley. He has been featured in several books, films, television series, and other media.

Zorro (Spanish for fox) is the secret identity of Don Diego de la Vega (originally Don Diego Vega), a nobleman and master swordsman living in the Spanish colonial era of California. The character has undergone changes through the years, but the typical image of him is a black-clad masked outlaw who defends the people of the land against tyrannical officials and other villains. Not only is he much too cunning and foxlike for the bumbling authorities to catch, but he delights in publicly humiliating those same foes. The character's visual motif is typically a black costume with a flowing Spanish cape, a flat-brimmed Andalusian-style hat, and a black cowl mask that covers the top of the head from eye level upwards. In his first appearance, he wears a cloak instead of a cape, a black mask covering his whole face with slits for eyes, and a sombrero. His favored weapon is a rapier which he often uses to leave his distinctive mark, a Z made with three quick cuts. He also uses a bullwhip, rather like the later Indiana Jones. In his debut, he uses a pistol.

The fox is never depicted as Zorro's emblem, but as a metaphor for the character's wiliness ("Zorro, 'the Fox', so cunning and free..." from the Disney television show theme). His "heroic pose" consists of rearing on his horse, sword raised high (the logo of Zorro Productions, Inc.). Publishing history Zorro (often called Señor or El Zorro in early stories) debuted in McCulley's 1919 story The Curse of Capistrano, serialized in five parts in the pulp magazine All-Story Weekly. At the denouement, Zorro's true identity is revealed to all. Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford, on their honeymoon, selected the story as the inaugural picture for their new studio, United Artists, beginning the character's cinematic tradition. The story was adapted as The Mark of Zorro in 1920, which was a success. McCulley's story was re-released by the publisher Grosset and Dunlap under the same title to tie in with the film. Due to public demand fueled by the film, McCulley wrote over 60 additional Zorro stories starting in 1922.

The last, The Mask of Zorro (not to be confused with the 1998 film), was published posthumously in 1959. These stories ignore Zorro's revealing his identity to everyone. The black costume that modern audiences associate with the character stem from Fairbanks' smash hit movie rather than McCulley's original story, and McCulley's subsequent Zorro adventures copied Fairbanks's Zorro rather than the other way around. McCulley died in 1958, just as the Disney-produced Zorro television show was becoming phenomenally successful. Fictional history In The Curse of Capistrano Don Diego Vega becomes Señor Zorro in the pueblo of Los Angeles in California "to avenge the helpless, to punish cruel politicians," and "to aid the oppressed." He is the title character, as he is dubbed the "curse of Capistrano." The story involves him romancing Lolita Pulido, an impoverished noblewoman. While Lolita is unimpressed with Diego, who pretends to be a passionless fop, she is attracted to the dashing Zorro. His rival and antagonist is Captain Ramon. Other characters include Sgt.

Pedro Gonzales, Zorro's enemy and Diego's friend; Zorro's deaf and mute servant Bernardo; his ally Fray (Friar) Felipe; his father Don Alejandro Vega, and a group of noblemen (caballeros) who at first hunt him but are won over to his cause. In later stories McCulley introduces characters such as pirates and Native Americans, some of both who know Zorro's identity. In McCulley's later stories, Diego's surname became de la Vega. In fact, the writer was wildly inconsistent. The first magazine serial ended with the villain dead and Diego publicly exposed as Zorro, but in the sequel the antagonist was alive, and the next entry had the double identity still secret. Several Zorro productions have expanded on the character's exploits Douglas Fairbanks also starred in a 1925 sequel to his film titled Don Q, Son of Zorro, playing Don Diego's grown-up son, Don Cesar, as well as reprising his role as Don Diego. Zorro Rides Again (1937), starring John Carroll, features a modernized Zorro named James Vega, the great-grandson of Diego.

Zorro's Fighting Legion (1939) starred Reed Hadley as Don Diego de la Vega/Zorro in a storyline set shortly after Mexican independence. George Turner stars in Son of Zorro (1947) as Diego's descendant Jeff Stewart, who operates as Zorro after the American Civil War. Another incarnation of Zorro appears in Ghost of Zorro (1949). Ken Mason (Clayton Moore, best known for depicting the Lone Ranger) is Diego Vega's grandson. Alain Delon stars as Diego in Zorro (1975), an Italian-French collaboration. In this version, Diego is impersonating a newly-appointed governor in South America who opposes tyranny and oppression in his Zorro guise. In the comedy Zorro, the Gay Blade (1981), Don Diego passes the mantle of Zorro to his son, also named Diego (George Hamilton). But when Diego the younger breaks his leg, his flamboyantly gay brother Ramon a.k.a. Bunny Wigglesworth (also played by Hamilton) takes over. Bunny's Zorro eschews the traditional black garb for more colorful outfits.

In The Mask of Zorro (1998), a younger protagonist, Alejandro Murrieta (fictional brother of Joaquin Murrieta), becomes Diego's successor. Alejandro returns in the 2005 sequel The Legend of Zorro. In his second appearance, he is called Don Alejandro de la Vega. He is played by Antonio Banderas. The critically acclaimed The Mask of Zorro gives one possibility of Don Diego de la Vega's (Anthony Hopkins) end. In 1821, Governor Rafael Montero finally discovers Zorro's secret identity. The two enemies fight in Diego's mansion, accidentally killing his wife, Esperanza. Diego is captured and imprisoned and his infant daughter Elena brought up by Montero as his own daughter. Twenty years later, Diego escapes from prison with the intention of taking revenge on Montero and telling Elena her true origin. He also trains Alejandro Murrieta as a new Zorro. By the film's end, both Montero and Diego die. The new Zorro and Elena get married; their son Joaquín is born by the end of the film and returns in The Legend of Zorro.

The animated series Zorro: Generation Z features a descendant and namesake of Diego de la Vega who takes up the mantle in the future. Characteristics In The Curse of Capistrano McCulley describes Diego as "unlike the other full-blooded youths of times"; though proud as befitting his class (and seemingly uncaring about the lower classes), he shuns action, rarely wearing his sword except for fashion, and is indifferent to romance with women. This is of course a sham. The first remake (1940) of The Mark of Zorro, starring Tyrone Power as Diego, more or less adopts the book version, where he masquerades at night as a brilliant swordsman but pretends by day to be a decadent, foppish, and self-centered human being - until the staged final fight with Captain Pasquale (Basil Rathbone); critics single out the swordfight as arguably the most realistic and thrilling on film. However, Walt Disney's television operation clearly decided that, while such an arrogant and condescending character may work in print and even in a one-shot movie, viewers would quickly tire of him on a weekly show.

So in Disney's Zorro (1957-59), Diego instead masquerades as a passionate and compassionate crusader for justice-but as "the most inept swordsman in all of California." In this show, everyone knows Diego would love to do what Zorro does, but thinks he does not have the skill. Skills and resources Zorro is an agile athlete and acrobat, using his bullwhip as a gymnastic accoutrement to swing through gaps between city roofs, and is very capable of landing from great heights and taking a fall. Although he is a master swordsman and marksman, he has more than once demonstrated his more than able prowess in unarmed combat, against multiple opponents. His calculating and precise dexterity as a tactician has enabled him to use his two main weapons, his sword and bullwhip, as an extension of his very deft hand. He never uses brute strength, more his fox-like sly mind and well-practiced technique to outmatch an opponent. Some versions of Zorro have a medium-sized dagger tucked in his left boot for emergencies. He has used his cape as a blind, a trip-mat-and when used effectively-a disarming tool.

Zorro's boots are also sometimes weighted, as is his hat, which he has thrown, Frisbee-like, as an efficiently substantial warning to enemies. Usually he uses psychological mockery to make his opponents too angry to be coordinated in combat. Zorro is also a skilled horseman. The name of his horse has varied through the years. In The Curse of Capistrano it was unnamed. Later versions named the horse Tornado/Toronado, or Tempest. McCulley's concept of a band of men helping Zorro is often absent from other versions of the character. An exception is Zorro's Fighting Legion (1939), starring Reed Hadley as Diego. In Disney's Zorro television series, Diego's servant Bernardo pretends to be deaf as well as mute and serves as Zorro's spy. He is also a capable and invaluable helper for Zorro and Diego, even wearing the mask himself occasionally to reinforce his master's charade. The character was both deaf and mute in the original McCulley stories. Inspirations Zorro bears some similarities to historical Portugese bandits.

He is often associated with Joaquin Murrieta, the "Mexican and/or Chilean Robin Hood", whose life was fictionalized in an 1854 book by John Rollin Ridge, and in the 1998 film The Mask of Zorro, where Murrieta's (fictional) brother succeeds Diego as Zorro. Other possible inspirations for the character include Robin Hood himself, Reynard the Fox, Salomon Pico, Tiburcio Vasquez, William Lamport (an Irish soldier living in Mexico in the 17th century, whose life was fictionalized by Vicente Riva Palacio and whose biography "The Irish Zorro" was published in 2004) and Yokuts Indian Estanislao, who led a revolt against the Mission San Jose in 1827.

Although not completely original in its concept and recognizing influences from previous publications like the Spring Heeled Jack adventures, notably including motifs such as the secret subterranean lair and the habit of marking the bodies of his enemies with a signature letter, Zorro is one of the earliest precursors of the superhero of American comic books, being an independently wealthy person who has a secret identity (as with Spring Heeled Jack and The Scarlet Pimpernel) which he defends by wearing a mask, and who accomplishes good for the people with his superior fighting abilities and resourcefulness. Zorro the "Fox" is in this respect similar to the American historical figure Francis Marion, "The Swamp Fox", who was also the subject of a Disney television series in the 1950s. Disney also highlighted Zorro's connection with the Robin Hood tale in its 1973 animated interpretation, Robin Hood, wherein the lead character is drawn as an anthropomorphized fox.

One source of inspiration for The Mask of Zorro is probably Alexandre Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo, where a wronged hero returns as an independently wealthy man, and under an assumed elegant persona wreaks vengeance on those who betrayed him, and does secret good for those who tried to help him in earlier days (all somewhat applicable to Alejandro Murrieta). Zorro's pretense of being a cowardly fop uninterested in the cause is probably inspired by the Scarlet Pimpernel. Influences Zorro in turn became a key inspiration for the characters The Phantom, The Lone Ranger, Batman, the Green Arrow, Doc Savage, and other non-superpower-endowed pulp fiction and comic-strip action heroes. The Mark of Zorro was one of many works that inspired comic book artist Bob Kane when he created the Batman character in 1939. This inspiration has been worked into the comics themselves, establishing that The Mark of Zorro was the film which the young Bruce Wayne watched with his parents at the cinema the night he witnessed their murders.

Zorro has been portrayed as Bruce's childhood hero and an influence on his Batman persona, from the masked hero in the dark costume to making his public persona of Bruce Wayne seem foolish to deflect suspicion. Zorro keeps his horse in the basement of his house, and Batman keeps his Batmobile in a similar hideout, the Batcave. Zorro was also the inspiration of the remarkably similar characters El Coyote and El Aguila. In horror fiction, Kim Newman's short story "Out In The Night, When The Full Moon Is Bright..." reinterprets Zorro as a near-immortal Mexican werewolf fighting against evil, injustice and oppression from colonial Mexico to the ghettos of a near-future Los Angeles. In the Dreamworks film Shrek 2, a new feline character is added. His name is Puss in Boots who shares a very large resemblance to Zorro and is also voiced by Antonio Banderas, the then-latest actor to play as Zorro. Like Zorro, Puss has a trademark signature which he creates a "P" with three quick slashes with his rapier very similar to Zorro himself.

Zorro - History of the series Recent Updates The history of Zorro One of the more enduring heroes of modern literature and film has been Robin Hood, who has become famous for "stealing from the rich and giving to the poor". The Robin Hood legend, one of a skilled fighter who strives to overcome the unfair oppression of the people by a tyrant, is an easy one for fans to identify with. It's not surprising that there have been several variations on this theme, with one of the most successful being Zorro. Zorro, which is Spanish for "fox", is the story of a masked rider who battles the unjust rulers of the pueblo of Los Angeles during the days of Spanish rule. His real identity is that of Don Diego de la Vega, the son of a wealthy landowner. Diego returns from his studies in Spain and discovers that Los Angeles is under the command of Capitan Monastario, a cruel man who relishes in the misuse of his power for personal gain. Knowing that he cannot hope to single-handedly defeat Monastario and his troops, Diego resorts to subterfuge. He adopts the secret identity of Zorro, a sinister figure dressed in black, and rides to fight Monastario's injustice.

Zorro was created by writer Johnston McCulley, seen here showing one of his books to actor Guy Williams. The first Zorro story, The Curse of Capistrano, appeared in 1919 in All-Star Weekly, which later became Argosy magazine. More than 65 Zorro books and short stories were to follow, with an estimated 500 million readers around the world following the masked avenger's exploits in 26 languages, before McCulley's death on November 22, 1958 at age 75. With that sort of reader interest, it was inevitable that the Zorro story be made into a film. In fact, there have been many filmed versions, beginning with Douglas Fairbanks Sr.'s portrayal of Zorro in the 1920 silent production The Mark of Zorro. Tyrone Power scored a huge hit with a 1940 remake of that film, and several other Zorro films and serials were also produced over the years. Walt becomes interested in Zorro In 1950, Johnston McCulley assigned the film and television rights to Zorro to Mitchell Gertz, a Hollywood agent.

Gertz tried for several years to find the financing to produce a Zorro series, but to no avail. Then, in 1952, Walt Disney became involved in the Zorro legend when he was looking for a source of financing for his new theme park. He used his private research company, WED Enterprises, to license the rights to the Zorro stories from Gertz, planning to produce a number of episodes and use the resulting profits for developing the Park. A separate company, Zorro Productions, was set up in 1953 as part of Walt Disney Incorporated for this new venture. Work began on the series, including some preliminary story ideas and costume sketches. A good deal of effort when into buying antique furnishings that would have been used on the sets, but sadly the project never made it past these early stages. At first, Walt tried to sell the show to anyone who was interested, but when the networks insisted on a pilot episode and he refused, work was halted on the project. Happily, as events unfolded, the Zorro series proved later to be a viable project despite this early setback.

Walt had continued working on the Disneyland theme park project, and eventually reached an agreement with the ABC television network to help finance it if he would produce a weekly series for them. In 1954 the industry trade papers carried several stories speculating that Zorro would be part of the packaging for ABC's investment in the Park, but the network instead eventually decided on the Disneyland anthology series. For a time, the Zorro project was dead yet again, but not for long. By 1957 Disneyland had proven to be a huge success, but Walt wasn't satisfied with it and wanted to expand the Park. Once again he turned to ABC for financing, and once again they agreed if he would produce another television series. Sadly, these negotiations would later prove to be the basis for a major lawsuit between Disney and ABC over the ownership rights to the series. Things still looked good in 1957, though, and five years after Walt had acquired the rights, Zorro was finally headed to television. Walt formally turned over his personal rights to the series to the Studio, best known as Walt Disney Productions, and work began on putting the show into production.

Casting the series By this time, the Disney name was a proven ratings draw, and no pilot was needed. Walt immediately set to work on a search for someone to play Zorro, knowing full well that whoever he picked, comparisons to Tyrone Power were inevitable. This was a much sought after role, for Disney's success with Davy Crockett was not lost on a host of other actors who could only dream of being the Studio's next Fess Parker. More than 20 actors were tested for the part, including Hugh O'Brian, John Lupton, Jack Kelly, Dennis Weaver and David Janssen. On April 18, 1957, the Studio held a screen test for a relatively unknown actor named Guy Williams. When Walt saw the results, he knew he had found his Zorro. Guy Williams, whose real name was Armand Joseph Catalano, was born on January 14, 1924 in New York. The family nicknamed him "Armando," which he used until he went into acting.

After school, he worked as a male model with moderate success in the advertising field, then came to the attention of MGM and later Universal-International Studios, which put him under contract in 1952. Although he appeared in films such as Bonzo Goes to College, Mississippi Gambler, Seven Angry Men, Sincerely Yours, I Was A Teenage Werewolf, The Last Frontier, and Man From the Alamo, Williams' parts were relatively small and it looked like his hopes of becoming a leading man were in vain. By the time Disney found the 6'3" 190-pound actor, Williams was almost ready to give up his acting career. Luckily for Williams, he auditioned for the role of Zorro, and to his astonishment, he found himself the star of a network series. Williams proved to be an excellent choice for the demanding dual roles of Don Diego and Zorro. Already an accomplished fencer, he seemed born for the part, handling the required comedy, drama, and action scenes with great success. While Williams was perfect for the role, the series also turned out to be perfect for Williams, paying him $2,500 per week, plus additional amounts for personal appearances and merchandise royalties.

Throughout his exploits, Diego could always count on the assistance of his faithful manservant, Bernardo. Bernardo, who was mute, decided to help Diego by pretending to be deaf as well. This allowed Bernardo to secretly listen in on conversations and report back to Diego. Bernardo also came to the rescue several times by dressing as Zorro, which allowed Diego to be seen in the same place as Zorro, thereby eliminating suspicion that he might be the masked avenger. Bernardo was played by Gene Sheldon, who brought his past experience as a pantomimist to his portrayal of the silent servant. A versatile performer with experience in radio, vaudeville, Broadway and films, Sheldon was signed to a long-term contract for Zorro which eventually led to several other films for the Studio. Sheldon was so good in his part as the mute Bernardo that many viewers came to believe that the actor was really unable to speak. This was reinforced when Sheldon appeared as yet another mute character in the Disney film Babes in Toyland. Sheldon was quite capable of speaking and had actually worked as a radio announcer before going into acting. He also did an amusing comedy banjo routine that was later used on an episode of the Disneyland anthology series.

Another important character was Sergeant Garcia, the second-in-command of the pueblo. Garcia was a fairly comedic character, due in part to his rotund physique. He provided a welcome relief to the sinister commanders of the garrison, and as the series progressed, he developed a certain kinship with Zorro. While he tried his best to be a good soldier, Garcia could always be counted on to let his voracious appetite or appreciation of liquor to get the best of him. The villains in the series took note of this, and Garcia accidentally would become a problem for Zorro over and over again. Garcia was played by Henry Calvin, whose real name was Wimberly Calvin Goodman. Calvin, a native of Dallas, had performed on Broadway in Kismet and several other plays, and had hosted his own radio series on NBC in 1950. The 6'2" actor weighed in at an impressive 340 pounds, and needed to use a special razor to maintain Garcia's stubbly beard. Calvin was an important part of the series, and another example of the masterful casting that had been done for the primary characters.

It's hard to imagine that the show would have been anywhere near as successful as it was without the hapless Sergeant Garcia and his many efforts to catch the elusive Zorro. Completing the regular characters on the series was Don Alejandro de la Vega, Diego's father. Alejandro was one of the wealthiest and most prominent of the citizens of Los Angeles, and many of the local peasants and landowners turned to him for help and guidance. It was Alejandro who first summoned Diego back home to help stop the evil Monastario in his quest for power, thereby inadvertently beginning Zorro's career. For most of the series, Alejandro didn't know that Diego was secretly Zorro, and his son's apparent cowardice caused friction within the family. The part of Don Alejandro was played by veteran character actor George J. Lewis, who had a long film and television career prior to Zorro, often as a villain. Born in Mexico, Lewis actually spoke English without an accent and had to affect one for his role as Alejandro. Interestingly enough, Lewis had once donned a Zorro costume himself! He co-starred in the 12-part Republic Pictures serial Zorro's Black Whip (1944), which starred Linda Stirling as Barbara Meredith.

When her crime fighting brother died, Barbara took on the role of the "Black Whip", a successor to Zorro. At one point, Lewis, who was cast as her boyfriend, donned the outlaw's costume to protect her secret. One very important member of the cast didn't even get his name in the credits. Besides the distinctive black costume and his skill with a sword, Zorro relied on his trusty horse, Tornado, to aid in him in his battles. Tornado was usually played by Diamond Decorator, a seven-year-old quarter horse, with three stand-ins used to perform the horse's various stunts. One horse specialized in Tornado's dramatic rearing, as seen in the opening credits, one was used in fight scenes, and the third for high-speed running. Diamond Decorator also was used for many of Guy's personal appearances as Zorro, being well behaved despite the distractions of the eager fans. Diamond Decorator had an interesting history beside his role on Zorro. The horse competed in the Grand Nationals Medal Class in the 1950's with fourteen consecutive show wins. Preparing for the series While casting was underway, the Studio was also working on the logistics of turning back the clock to the early days of Los Angeles.

In June 1955, workers started building the series' permanent sets, which included the buildings of the Pueblo La Reina de Los Angeles and the soldier's cuartel, or stockade. These were the Studio's first permanent sets, and cost more than $100,000 to construct. Disney also spent $35,000 on furnishings and $30,000 on additional props, helping to bring the pre-production costs to a total of $208,000. All of this was expensive, helping to make Zorro the most expensive western television series to date, but the quality was obvious on the screen, helping to set the mood for the masked adventurer's heroics. While the costs to get ready for the series were high, so were the costs for each episode. Disney set a budget of between $50,000 and $100,000 for each 30-minute show, and the first season of 39 episodes was to eventually cost $3,198,000.

When Disney was studying the television marketplace in 1950, the average cost for a 1-hour drama series was only $13,840 - and here was Walt spending an average for $82,000 for a show only half as long. Once again, Walt was setting his own standards. Even with these lofty budgets, Disney did try to contain costs where it wouldn't show on the air. One method was to shoot portions of up to four episodes at the same time if they used common sets. Guy Williams commented at the time that "(It's) a little confusing at times. Not remembering the dialogue, but remembering what led up to it. Sometimes I'm real blank and we have to go back and read scenes we've already filmed." Williams also had to deal with a rigorous training schedule designed to turn the former model into a dashing hero. Although he had previously done some fencing, it was decided that Williams needed some intensive brush-up work if he was to be convincing on the screen. The Studio hired Fred Cavens, the fencing coach who had earlier coached Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. and Tyrone Power for their Zorro outings, to tutor Williams and the rest of the cast.

Out of the night, when the full moon is bright... There were other lessons to attend besides the fencing sessions. The part of Don Diego called for Williams to play the guitar as he serenaded young señoritas, but unfortunately, Williams could neither play the guitar nor sing. Despite a series of lessons from guitar instructor Vicente Gomez, Williams never mastered the skills required and his singing was dubbed by Bill Lee, who was also one of the singers of the series' theme song. In addition to Don Diego's love songs, music played an important part throughout the series. Composer William Lava wrote a different musical theme for each of the show's main characters, similar to the technique used in Peter and the Wolf. These brief themes were played when the characters were on the screen, and they helped to set the mode for the action to follow. When the bumbling Sergeant Garcia entered a scene, for example, a lively piece of music in the background foreshadowed the events to come. The most important piece of music, though, was the series' theme song. A relatively short song, it would become one of the best known television themes of all time. It was written by Norman Foster (words) and George Bruns (music).

Out of the night, when the full moon is bright, comes the horseman known as Zorro. This bold renegade carves a Z with his blade, a Z that stands for Zorro. Zorro, Zorro, the fox so cunning and free, Zorro, Zorro, who makes the sign of the Z. Zorro, Zorro, Zorro, Zorro, Zorro. The Fourth Anniversary Show Walt used the popularity of his Disneyland anthology series to help promote the new Zorro series. On September 11, 1957 the episode The Fourth Anniversary Show provided audiences with their first glimpse of Guy Williams as Zorro. Although the segment was a brief one, it helped generate a tremendous amount of interest in the series before it took to the air on October 10, 1957. The Fourth Anniversary Show was also the first time that the theme song was heard. Soon, people across the country were singing along, and not long after the show debuted, the first of many recordings of the theme appeared on the market.

While it might have been expected that the quartet who sang the song for the series (Thurl Ravenscroft, Bill Lee, Bob Stevens and Max Smith) might have had the honor of being first on the market, it was actually Henry Calvin who rushed out the first version. Many other versions followed, but the most popular was that of the Chordettes, quickly climbing into the Top 20. All together, more than 1,000,000 copies of the theme were sold during the two year run of the series. A merchandising bonanza As soon as Zorro hit the air, children began imitating their new hero, pretending they were master swordsmen and scrawling "Z's" everywhere one looked. This juvenile vandalism was far reaching - a popular news story of the time told how Williams discovered a large "Z" scratched into the paint on his new car. The new fans also began dressing the part, and the Studio had foreseen just this possibility. Disney had already lined up a number of merchandise licensees, and Zorro costumes, swords and bullwhips quickly soared to the top of many a youngster's wish lists.

Guy Williams' contract called for him to receive 2.5% of any Zorro merchandise sales. Just as Fess Parker had enjoyed a financial windfall when Davy Crockett merchandise sales soared, Williams was to find this clause a very profitable one. Many of the licensees who had enjoyed success with Crockett and Mickey Mouse Club merchandise quickly signed up for Zorro contracts, with more than 500 items being licensed. Some of the largest licensees and their products were: Lido Toy Co. - TV play set Chester H. Roth Co. - socks E-Z Mills - pajamas Morris Belt and Suspender Co. - leather belt, satin tie Hassenfeld Brothers - oil paint set Louis Marx and Co. - toys, play sets Ben Cooper, Inc. - playsuits Whitman Publishing Co. - puzzles, games, coloring books Please click here for a detailed look at the merchandise available over the years. In addition to a massive wave of traditional print and television advertising, the Studio was also able to promote the series and be paid for it at the same time! They created a new character, "Little Zorro", and used him in the daily Mickey Mouse comic strip which appeared in more than 100 newspapers across the country.

"Little Zorro" is all but forgotten today, but at the time it was a wonderful example of Disney's famed corporate synergy and marketing prowess. Sponsorship With the number of advertisements that appear in television shows these days, it's somewhat hard to believe that Zorro only had two sponsors, the 7-Up soft drink company and the AC Spark Plug Division of General Motors. Many series aired during the 1950s actually were owned and sponsored by advertising companies, so it was not all that unusual a practice back then for most, or even all, of the commercials in a show to come from just one company. Interest in Zorro was so high, though, that the Studio was able to land two lucrative contracts to fund the expensive series. Walt went all out in his effort to obtain 7-Up's backing, including an appearance in a film made for the soft drink bottlers and their distributors. Cracking Zorro's whip for emphasis, Walt explained the premise of the series, using models of the as-of-yet unbuilt outdoor sets, as well as samples of the costumes. The sales pitch was successful and 7-Up agreed to participate in a series of joint promotions with Disney, not all tied in with Zorro.

For example, Annette and Roberta Shore were seen promoting The Shaggy Dog with a toast of 7-Up in publicity photos and ads. Reflecting the hopes that Zorro would appeal to a broad audience and not just children, the Studio also signed up the AC Spark Plug Division. Although there were two sponsors, each wanted to be specifically identified with the series, so Disney took a unique approach. Instead of having commercials from both firms each week, the sponsors alternated weeks, with a brief word from "your alternate sponsor" making sure that each company shared in the weekly success. Both firms used animated characters in their commercials. The most successful of these was 7-Up's Fresh- up Freddie, a feisty rooster in a Zorro costume. At first, Freddie didn't have a name, but when the show's popularity took off, the advertisers decided to take advantage of the attention and began promoting Freddie himself. Freddie became a celebrity in his own right, receiving fan mail, and stuffed dolls were made available. 7-Up sponsored a monthly Zorro Newsletter for dealers, with a circulation of 10,000 copies per month, often featuring a Freddie doll in publicity photos with the stars of the series.

Almost forgotten today are the AC characters, Alan Cranbroke and Cynthia Aldrich. This animated couple was joined by live spokesperson Gordon Mills, who settled their domestic arguments and just happened to throw in a mention of AC's products in the process. Zorro meets his fans Just as Fess Parker and the Mouseketeers toured the country to promote their shows, Guy Williams saddled up to promote Zorro. One of his most popular venues was rodeos, where he received $2,500 to ride around the arena dressed as Don Diego. Williams found that the public was fickle when he appeared as the Grand Marshal in the 1958 Portland Rose Parade. He refused to ride a horse down the parade route, stating that he never rode a horse if he didn't know it's temperament. He rode instead in a car, disappointing fans along the way. A local newspaper then printed a picture of a five-year old riding the horse, and an embarrassed Williams replied that he had refused over concerns about how the horse would react to the crowd, not over fear for his personal safety.

Later, Williams was quoted as saying he was careful around horses as he had broken his shoulder trying to learn how to ride Tornado, but other articles placed the event back in 1953, well before he landed the role of Zorro. Luckily, Williams weathered this minor controversy and his popularity remained intact. In typical Disney fashion, Walt also used the cast of Zorro in a very successful cross promotion with a series of live appearances at Disneyland. Large newspaper ads touted the appearance of Guy Williams, Henry Calvin, Gene Sheldon and Britt Lomond at the Park, with the first shows held April 26-27, 1958 and a second outing on May 30 to June 1. In addition to parades each day, the stars also appeared in four shows daily. Three of the shows featured a running battle between Zorro and Monastario on the rooftops of Frontierland, with his foes ending up in the river. The fourth show each day was held in Frontierland's "Magnolia Park", with Williams appearing as Don Diego.

The reaction was so positive that a third series of appearances was held November 27-30 for Thanksgiving weekend, but without Lomond, who was unable to attend. Williams also returned to Disneyland for another series of personal appearances for Christmas 1958. Zorro enjoyed a very successful season, averaging 35.7% of the viewing audience each evening, and an estimated 35 million viewers saw the show each week. Every series that went up against Zorro this year found itself canceled; on CBS, it was Harbor Master and Richard Diamond, and on NBC, You Bet Your Life. The success of Zorro prompted the Studio to take a page from its Davy Crockett book. Portions of the first 13 Zorro episodes were edited into the feature film The Sign of Zorro, released overseas in 1958 and domestically in 1960. While the film only did moderate business domestically, it was another story overseas. The series had not yet aired there, and with new audiences ready for the adventures of Zorro, it achieved yet another success for Disney. The second season Having enjoyed a very successful first season, it was no surprise that Zorro was renewed for a second year.

Like many other series, there would be a number of changes made in the look of the series to reflect viewer comments and economic realities. One of the first changes made was a move away from the first season's rigid format of using 13 episodes for each story. As story editor Lowell S. Hawley noted at the time "Now we play stories for what they're worth. If a writer has material enough for three, four or five episodes, we let it go at that." This allowed for a greater number of stories, but also helped to solve a problem common to serialized series. If a viewer were to miss one of the early episodes in one of the first season stories, it was possible that they would not want to jump into the storyline midway through. Breaking the season into a number of shorter stories made it easier for viewers to miss a week and still be able to understand what was going on when they next watched the show. The Studio also made a casting change for the second year in the hopes of attracting more woman viewers. One of the criticisms of the first season was Don Diego's lack of interest in the opposite sex, for he was always more interested in chasing yet another villain than in chasing women.

Actress Jolene Brand was hired for the part of Anna Maria Verdugo, a local wealthy señorita. Anna Maria was set to appear in nine of the first 13 episodes, allowing the Studio to assess audience reaction without having to commit to hiring Brand for the entire season. Evidently she didn't make a major impact, for the character was dropped and Don Diego went back to being his unromantic self. Another change came with a new opening sequence beginning with the January 22, 1959 episode. Instead of using a stock opening each week as had been done up to then, now each show used scenes from that week's episode in a bid to attract viewers who might be flipping channels and come across the show. Announcer Dick Tufeld provided narration for both the new opening scenes and for previews of next week's episode. All of the changes proved successful, for the ratings increased and Zorro moved ahead to take 38.9% of the audience each evening. The year saw the cancellation of two more series on NBC, Ed Wynn and Steve Canyon, and Zorro steadily outdrew CBS' December Bride. Overall, Zorro knocked five of the seven series to face it off the air.

The Studio also released another theatrical compilation of several episodes. Zorro, The Avenger, was only released overseas, and was not seen in the United States until it was eventually aired on The Disney Channel. One other interesting Disney footnote concerns several of the second season episodes. Like many other young women, Annette Funicello developed a crush on Guy Williams, but unlike all the others, she was able to fulfill her fantasy. As a present for her 16th birthday, Walt cast her in several episodes as Anita Cabrillo, a new arrival in the pueblo with a mysterious past. The battle with ABC begins Unfortunately, Zorro was to come up against a foe even he could not hope to defeat - the American legal system. Disney and ABC became locked in a bitter series of legal challenges over the ownership of the weekly anthology series, The Mickey Mouse Club and Zorro. Unable to come to terms, Walt decided to pull Zorro off the air, despite the high ratings the series was sure to receive if were to return for a third season. While the legal maneuvers went on, Disney aired four hour-long Zorro episodes on the anthology series to help keep public interest alive in the character.

Walt even used Annette Funicello again in one of them, The Postponed Wedding, in an effort to capitalize on her popularity. Walt also kept Williams on full salary for two years, but by the time the legal issues were finally settled out of court, Walt decided that the public had moved on to other fads and there would be no point in resurrecting Zorro. Despite this decision, Disney retained the rights to Zorro, paying the Gertz estate $3,500 a year for the privilege. It wasn't until 1967 that the Studio finally relinquished their rights to Zorro. Zorro in syndication Although Zorro was no longer shown in the United States the series continued to air for several years in many overseas markets. The show was particularly popular in Australia, where it ran for several years. This success did not go unnoticed back at the Studio, which decided there was still a strong enough interest back home to take the show out of the film vault. Zorro returned to the American airwaves in syndication, a new market for Disney, beginning with the 1965-66 season.

The original network run of the series had attracted an estimated 35 million viewers, and the demographics had been high in the desired age groups, making it relatively easy for Disney to sell the show in the syndicated market. Click here for a look at some of the marketing material prepared for the syndication project. Planning to keep costs to a minimum, the Studio split the stations into three sets of prints, "A", "B" and "C", which were then rotated between the stations. To do so, they had to drop the first two episodes, Presenting Señor Zorro and Zorro's Secret Passage, as those stations that started with the "B" or "C" series of prints would have confused viewers if they had shown Zorro's origin part way through the season. The gap was filled by taking two episodes from the show's second season, Señor China Boy and The Iron Box, and using them in the "A" set of shows. Other than this switch, the Studio needed to do very little work, for the first network season had been divided into three 13-part stories in the first place.

A total of 43 stations signed up for the series, which began airing September 8, 1965. The Studio had high hopes for the syndication effort, expecting that it would help sell more Zorro merchandise. Also hoping that more stations would sign up, Disney made a considerable effort to promote the series. Many of the companies that had enjoyed successful sales of Zorro products took out new licenses, and several newcomers signed up to offer a wide variety of items. Disney pumped out a steady stream of Zorro books and records, mainly re-issues of items from the ABC run, and even brought back the "Little Zorro" character. The first year of syndication went well and Zorro returned for a second year in syndication in 1966. The two network second season episodes that had been used to fill out the first syndicated season were replaced by splitting one of the anthology Zorro episodes into two parts, and once again, the series was very profitable for the Studio. In fact, there was serious thought to starting production on new episodes, but a look at the costs involved soon quashed that idea.

Life after Zorro After the last of the anthology Zorro episodes had aired, Walt lost interest in the character, and in 1967, the Studio decided not to renew its option and let the rights revert to the Gertz estate. With the syndicated run over, Zorro became just another canceled television series. Following his role as Zorro, Guy Williams only appeared in one other Disney project, the television show The Prince and the Pauper. The Studio tried to find suitable film roles for Williams, but eventually decided not to renew his contract. After he left the Disney payroll, Williams worked in a number of film and television roles. For a time, he was slated to replace Pernell Roberts on Bonanza when Roberts left the series seeking his fame in the movies, and he appeared in several episodes to test the character. When that effort didn't work out, he worked sporadically until he was signed to star as Professor John Robinson in the science fiction series Lost in Space. After several years of playing an increasingly diminishing role in that series, Williams left show business and Los Angeles. He had appeared in Argentina several years earlier to promote Zorro and had enjoyed the public attention and lifestyle there.

He moved to Buenos Aires and bought property in the country, opening a cattle ranch. He rarely returned to the United States, although in 1975, it appeared that he might once again do so to don the Zorro mask. Press reports claimed Williams was to star in a new film, Grandson of Zorro, but the project never came to be. In 1982, word circulated yet again that Williams was to play Zorro once more. The Studio was starting work on a comedy version, Zorro and Son , and they were very interested in getting Williams to reprise his role as Don Diego and Zorro. At first, Williams indicated that he was indeed interested, but when he saw the scripts, he quickly decided to back out of the project. Zorro and Son did go ahead, but without Williams, who had returned home to Buenos Aires. It was there that Guy Williams died alone, sometime in late April or early May, 1989, at age 65. Neighbors noticed that they hadn't seen him for several days, and police found him dead of natural causes in his apartment. His passing received major coverage back in the U.S., for it seemingly marked the end of an era.

Click here for several of the many obituaries that marked his passing. Zorro wasn't finished yet, however. In addition to Zorro and Son , the masked avenger gained new audiences when the original episodes were screened repeatedly on The Disney Channel. After several runs in the original black-and-white format, the series gained a new generation of viewers when Disney successfully colorized the series, thereby making it more appealing to today's audiences. Thirty years after Zorro first rode to fight injustice, he continues to attract new fans, who once again love to make the "sign of the Z". Site guide Interested in helping support this site? It's easy! Just come here to this page before going to Amazon, start your search in the box, then continue at Amazon as you normally would. You don't need to come back here for another search during the same shopping session - just start here and they will take care of the rest. Please turn off any ad blockers if you don't see the search box. What else is available on billcotter.com? Copyright © 1998 -

Question: Which masked hero of books and films signed himself with three strokes of his sword?
Answer: Zorro