Tom Brown's School Days Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST NEWS 20 out of 20 people found the following review useful: A Film That Takes The Measure Of A Man. from Mountain Mesa, California 20 April 2001 This work is primarily occupied with the major incidents in the life of Thomas Arnold, headmaster of Rugby, and his overcoming of a good deal of resistance in lifting that institution from a tepid state to a position of England's finest public school. The strong direction is by Robert Stevenson, who also contributed mightily to the script, which is rather faithfully based upon the novel of the same name by Thomas Hughes, and which employs the student Tom Brown as Arnold's tactical and ethical surrogate within the scholastic body. Arnold, who must find an answer to the prevalent bullying of the day, is portrayed by Sir Cedric Hardwicke with a stunning performance, ably supported by Josephine Hutchinson as Mrs. Arnold.

The film proceeds at a very crisp pace, with the scenario building well as Brown, played with feeling by Jimmy Lydon, prepares to make a stand against older and tyrannical students led by Billy Halop as Flashman. The arteries of the novel are presented with some depth, demonstrating the inculcation into the students of the importance of physical and mental courage, loyalty, and self-reliance, albeit apparently at the cost of some amount of intellectual achievement. The love of the students for Rugby and for their headmaster is presented throughout, the production design, costumes, and editing are all first-rate, and a superb musical score is contributed by Anthony Collins. Was the above review useful to you? 14 out of 14 people found the following review useful: A Good Version Still Worth Seeing from Ohio 5 December 2005 Since this was made, there have been some other very good movie versions of the story, but this adaptation of "Tom Brown's School Days" is still worth seeing. It has a good cast and good atmosphere, with effective story-telling by Robert Stevenson. Cedric Hardwicke is well cast as the stern headmaster Arnold, and the three most important young characters also work well.

Jimmy Lydon as Tom, Freddie Bartholomew as his friend and rival East, and Billy Halop as the bully Flashman all give good performances. The boarding school setting is also done effectively, and it works both in creating the right atmosphere and as a period setting. There are times when it pulls you right into the world of the young characters, a world in which they are their own masters in many ways. Their boyish loyalties, threats, fears, rivalries, and misunderstandings all come across believably. On a broader level, it also succeeds in establishing the tension between the adult's (i.e. the headmaster's) goals and the students' goals. Some of the more recent versions have probably done an even better job of communicating the themes while also making the story entertaining, but this one does a solid job as well, and it deserves also to be remembered. Was the above review useful to you? 12 out of 12 people found the following review useful: The Great Dr Arnold 1 February 2006 Sir Cedric Hardwick is superb as Doctor Arnold. It is hard to over-estimate the importance of this headmaster in the history of education.

Singlehanded, he revolutionised not only school discipline but also curriculum in one of England's oldest and most famous Public Schools. From Rugby the reforms spread out to Eton, to Harrow and to Winchester. The ideologies were carried by students of these colleges to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge and out into the world. To our modern eyes, the notion of a master whipping a student with a birch for fighting and expelling a boy for telling a lie seems a bit extreme. But prior to Dr Arnold, punishments were brutal and were administered in an arbitrary manner by each teacher. Boys were exploited by the masters, and junior boys were exploited by the seniors. Hardwick's portrayal of Arnold as a dour, devout and almost obsessively righteous man is wonderful. Arnold hates bullying, but more than anything, he hates lies. Lies, to Arnold, are the mark of real cowardice. Where there are lies, there is Sin and Corruption. A boy that lied to Arnold was immediately expelled. There is an aspect of Dr Arnold's reformation that is only hinted at- It was he who brought modern subjects such as History and Geography to the school syllabus, to stand alongside the Classic as valuable learning. Jimmy Lydon is wonderful as Tom.

His emotions, be they glee, grief, pain or loneliness are expressed in an irrepressible manner by this lovely boy with his mobile face and eager expression. Was the above review useful to you? 10 out of 11 people found the following review useful: an exciting film for everyone to watch even now? from United Kingdom 19 August 2006 one of the best old movies I have ever seen and would like to own it either on DVD or video, its exciting from start to finish, with a great story line even I could understand even at the early age of 14yrs, it has few good actors who in my mind will never be replaced even now. A clean film for all the family, something to get your teeth into with a story line that needs to be watched and listened too. even though black and white the film was well produced for its time and I would love to see it again over and over again. considering the age and the location the film contained beautiful places of interest and lots of great actors, these people will never be seen again which is why we should keep this film ongoing and to the fore front of all films. Was the above review useful to you?

11 out of 14 people found the following review useful: The story of the three Toms. 4 August 2004 *** This review may contain spoilers *** This is a film of a work of fiction written by Thomas Hughes in 1857 which featured the life of Thomas Arnold, headmaster of Rugby School from 1828 to 1842, and the name Hughes gave to the principal fictional character in his novel was Tom Brown. There appears to be some significance in this choice of name. Hughes himself attended Rugby school during the period of Dr Arnold's headmastership, this is why he was able to write about the school with such authority; so it appears to me that the character of Tom Brown (and perhaps the entire book) is probably semi-autobiographical - but, somewhat surprisingly, I have never seen this discussed elsewhere. There are many famous schools throughout the world which have modelled themselves, with greater or lesser success, on the British Public School, but collectively the British schools have one unique feature - they created an extremely successful method for perpetuating the rule of the established oligarchy in the U.K. over a period of several centuries when the country was the most powerful in the world.

In the U.K. Public Schools are private foundations theoretically open to all, but their high fees meant that education was largely limited to the sons of members of the ruling class, and a Public School education became almost a pre-requisite for admission to a University, election to Parliament or recruitment to any senior government position. It is surprising that, despite this, the Public Schools have always been able to keep a fairly low profile although it is clear that they must have considerable importance both sociologically and historically. Most Englishmen can think of several of the leading Public Schools such as Eton, Harrow, Rugby and Shrewsbury, but few know much about them. Almost the only widely read book dealing with the subject has been "Tom Brown's School Days" the book written by Thomas Hughes on which this film is based. It is a fictional work dealing with the reform of the public school system which started in Rugby under Thomas Arnold, its great headmaster from 1828 to 1842. This was a time when abuses had crept into the system and were beginning to discredit it.

At Rugby, Arnold largely stamped out excessive bullying and helped establish ethical standards under which telling tales about fellow students or uttering any untruths became totally unacceptable behaviour. During the process Rugby, which had been a fairly minor Public School, became the leading one in the country. This is the background to Hughes' book, and it also forms an integral part of this film, as well as a remake of it that was released a decade later. Both films were made more than a half century ago but have remained of sufficient interest to justify them retaining ongoing availability on videotape. Nevertheless today this ongoing interest probably arises primarily from readers who have enjoyed the book, former students at one of these schools, educationalists or sociological historians, so today sales of these tapes are probably small and I would guess that we are unlikely to see either film on DVD in the near future. Although the two films are well made, with well acted stories that most people can watch with enjoyment, their unfamiliar scenario would make it unlikely that many of today's movie patrons would make any effort to search them out and this makes rating them a little difficult.

PARTIAL SPOILER FOLLOWS - The book relates how Tom Brown goes to Rugby as a new boy and falls victim to the older bully Flashman. Eventually he obtains boxing training and successfully fights Flashman to establish his place in the sun. When Flashman contravenes the unwritten school ethical code Arnold takes the opportunity to expel him and, by the time Tom graduates, the headmaster, together with other boys like him, have succeeded in transforming the old atmosphere in the school. The story in the book is followed fairly closely by this film, which was made in 1940 with the famous and very prolific actor Sir Cedric Hardwicke giving a great performance as the headmaster. Unfortunately, in the U.K. 1940 was the darkest period of World War II and films released then did not attract a great deal of attention, so the film was remade only a decade later with a different cast who also gave a number of very fine performances, and it was spiced up with a much more melodramatic screenplay in which Flashman is not merely a bully but exhibits behaviour verging on the criminal.

Since both films provide good meaty stories which most viewers should enjoy, this is one of the rare cases where both an original film and its remake are still worth watching. However for my money I prefer this 1940 film because it is more faithful to the book on which it is based, and (although we can no longer ask anyone what life in the school was actually like in the early nineteenth century) in my opinion is probably much closer to the actual historical story. Primarily because of its somewhat limited appeal I do not think rating this film at more than 6 out of 10 would be justified, but it certainly remains well worth watching by anyone of any nationality with an interest in education. Was the above review useful to you? 8 out of 9 people found the following review useful: Young Tom Brown tests his mettle at a tough British Public school.

from United States 4 June 2008 Pinch-penny version of the oft-filmed fictionalized memoir (rushed out by RKO to pick up any GOODBYE, MR CHIPS backsplash) is remarkably clear-eyed in detailing the petty (and not so petty) sadism of British "public" schools, as well as its harrowing ostracism, despair & loneliness. Thomas Arnold's 19th century school reforms are alluded to, but neither dramatized nor properly integrated into the dorm dungeon life which the reliable director Robert Stevenson unintentionally(?) exposes. A good cast mixes real Brits like Cedric Hardwicke & Freddie Bartholomew with Yankee ringers who come off better than you might expect. Especially the Flashman, played by DEAD END kid Billy Halop, who makes a convincingly threatening top boy. Added bonus value: dig those musical lifts from Verdi's FALSTAFF in Anthony Collins' score. And you might want to try this out on a HARRY POTTER fan who wants to know where schools like Hogwarts come from. No quidditch field, but the school is called Rugby. Was the above review useful to you?

4 out of 4 people found the following review useful: A fine novel that is even more gripping on the screen! 19 October 2012 *** This review may contain spoilers *** "Tom Brown's School Days": A novel? A memoir? An autobiography? I think the third is the best description of this schoolboy's time at Rugby, written by "an old boy". Thomas Hughes was not identified as the author of the book until around the time he was re-elected to the House of Commons in 1871. (He had been a member of parliament since 1864). By that time, Doctor Arnold was long dead, but his educational ideas persisted in the British education system until well into the 1960s. However, he is not a major character in the novel. Indeed, he is a somewhat shadowy figure, remote from Tom's immediate world. It was the 1916 movie version that elevated Arnold's importance, and following that lead, it is our 1940 version that virtually makes the influential educationalist the central character. However, I don't think that elevating Arnold's importance detracts from the movie. Far from it!

As brilliantly brought to life by Sir Cedric Hardwicke, Arnold is indeed a fascinating, charismatic figure. Hardwicke is not only ideally cast, he rejoices in the best role of his extensive career, demonstrating how he can not only capture an audience's attention and sympathy, but how he can totally dominate the action if given the right script and director. Nevertheless, the supporting players, led by Billy Halop, also turn in outstanding performances. This was probably the only totally unsympathetic role Halop ever played, but he limns the character with a skill that simply rivets the attention. His is the definitive study of a swaggering bully. Of course, Jimmy Lydon never bettered his role as Tom Brown. Freddie Bartholomew is also solidly convincing as East, and there are fine studies from Polly Moran, Josephine Hutchinson, Ernest Cossart and Charles Smith (who was soon to prove Lydon's mainstay in the Aldrich movies).

Adroitly directed by Robert Stevenson, and most expansively produced with marvelous sets and evocative photography, this version of Tom Brown's School Days is not only a really gripping, stirring experience, it's an absolute must-see movie  a credit to all concerned! Was the above review useful to you? 2 out of 3 people found the following review useful: Harry Potter's Ancestral Roots from Los Angeles 21 March 2010 In 1842 England, Rugby School students Jimmy Lydon (as Tom Brown) and Freddie Bartholomew (as Harry East) meet, after the death of beloved headmaster Cedric Hardwicke (as Thomas Arnold). The lads agree to "be friends again" as Mr. Hardwicke would have wanted Then, in flashback, young Mr. Lydon recalls his education at Rugby, where he went to war with bullying Billy Halop (as Flashman) and his gang, ended his friendship with Mr. Bartholomew through misunderstanding, and watched as Hardwicke's Thomas Arnold (1795-1842) reform British education.

This interpretation of Thomas Hughes' classic "Tom Brown's School Days" isn't the most faithful to the book; but it's close enough for Hollywood, and the tightening makes it a finer film. The RKO production team does great work. They found the perfect director by importing England's Robert Stevenson. And, Anthony Collins' musical score is outstanding (he received "Oscar" nominations 1940-1942). It also helps to have Sir Hardwicke head the school, as he registers a British headmaster you can use as a standard. As a bonus, debuting Gale Storm (as Effie) makes heads turn. The three youngsters are a nice surprise. Lydon handles his part exceptionally well; this could be his best juvenile lead. To great effect, they let Bartholomew act, and in a supporting role. And, Mr. Halop is a believable punk Brit. Coincidently, "Harry" is the first name given for the characters played by Bartholomew ("Harry East" in the original novel) and Halop ("Harry Flashman" in a spin-off series). So, it may be no wonder J.K.

Rowling found it a perfect surname for "Happy Potter" of Hogwarts. By the way, this film will give you a sense of what those British Public Schools were like... ******* Tom Brown's School Days (6/27/40) Robert Stevenson ~ Jimmy Lydon, Cedric Hardwicke, Freddie Bartholomew, Billy Halop Was the above review useful to you? "What's a school boy to do with moral principles?" from United Kingdom 19 June 2016 Comparing this, 'Little Men' and 'Swiss Family Robinson', all made in 1940 by RKO and based, 'Tom Brown's School Days' is not as good as the unjustly forgotten and actually very good 'Swiss Family Robinson' but it does fare much better than the terribly adapted and mediocre at best 'Little Men'. As an adaptation, 'Tom Brown's School Days' doesn't have a huge amount to do with the original source material, which is one of the best books depicting schoolboy life. However, it is a quite good film on its own, haven't seen any other adaptations yet so can't compare.

It does have its flaws as a standalone, the ending agreed does feel rushed, anticlimactic and not as complete as it could be, some of the script does lay it on a bit too thickly with the sentimentality and juvenility and although a more dominant focus on Arnold comes off well because Arnold is an interesting character for a titular character there should have been more of Tom Brown, who sometimes did feel like too much of a supporting character in his own story. On the other hand, 'Tom Brown's School Days' is a beautifully shot and very capably directed film (though Robert Stevenson did go on to even better things), and the period setting is both quaint and austere and suitably so. Anthony Collins' score is superb, it complements the film beautifully and fares even better on its own. The script is not perfect but has some nice doses of humour, poignancy and charm. The story is told with a great charm and lively pace, with plenty for youngsters to delight in and enough for adults to be interested too. Cedric Hardwicke, benefited by Arnold being very interestingly written, is wonderful in the role, appropriately stern and authoritative.

He was a fine actor and his performance ranks up there with his best in my opinion. The three juveniles fare just as well, Jimmy Lydon handles the title role exceptionally, Freddie Bartholomew plays East with an appealing charm and Billy Halop is a suitably intimidating bully. To conclude, flawed but quite good and worth seeing, especially for Hardwicke. 7/10 Bethany Cox Was the above review useful to you? Better than Goodbye Mr. Chips! 19 March 2015 *** This review may contain spoilers *** I saw this movie DECADES before I saw "Chips" so maybe I'm prejudice, but I think it's better nonetheless. After the success of "Chips," I'll bet studio went scrambling to find a similar book to make a film of, and this was it. They, did- it was based on Thomas Hughes' novel, TOM BROWNS SCHOOL DAYS. (But it receives NO credit in the movie- what happened there?) Characters and acting all top notch. Kind of a sad movie, especially when poor Tom is ostracized for something he didn't do. Many American actors were used, but their fake British accents weren't bad at all.

(I thought they were REAL ENGLISHMEN for years.) Has a somewhat happy ending I guess, though it takes a great man's death to cause it. Might contain the worst "stunt double" scene in movie history- when Tom steals cart, look closely - his "double" is about thirty years older than him! I submitted this in the "Goof" section to no avail. I recommend this movie to everyone of all ages. Was the above review useful to you? Page 1 of 2: Thomas Arnold Thomas Arnold Thomas Arnold Thomas Arnold Thomas Arnold, the son of William Arnold, a customs officer, was born at East Cowes, Isle of Wight on 13th June 1795. Arnold was educated at Winchester and Corpus Christi College, Oxford , where he met his lifelong friend, John Taylor Coleridge . A brilliant student, Arnold obtained a first-class degree and was granted a fellowship at Oriel. In 1818 Arnold was ordained deacon and settled at Laleham, a village on the Thames. While a deacon, Arnold formed a small school where he prepared pupils for university. After nine years at Laleham, Arnold was invited to became a master at Rugby School .

Although a prosperous private school, Rugby was not seen as having the same status as schools such as Eton or Winchester . After Arnold had been appointed headmaster in 1828, he successfully regenerated the school. The education developed at Rugby was graphically described in Tom Brown's Schooldays, a novel written by a former pupil, Thomas Hughes . Thomas Arnold had a profound and lasting effect on the development of public school education in England. Arnold introduced mathematics, modern history and modern languages and instituted the form system and introduced the prefect system to keep discipline. He modernized the teaching of Classics by directing attention to literary, moral or historical questions. Although Arnold held strong views, he made it clear to his students they were not expected to accept those views, but to examine the evidence and to think for themselves. Arnold had a deep sympathy for the poor and in 1831 he started a newspaper that advocated social reform. The newspaper failed but Arnold continued to write on these subject for the rest of his life. Arnold was also a strong supporter of Catholic Emancipation . Arnold wrote several book including Principles of Church Reform (1833), History of Rome (1838) and Christian Life (1841).

Thomas Arnold died in 1842. Thomas Arnold | British educator | Britannica.com British educator Joseph Mercer Thomas Arnold, (born June 13, 1795, East Cowes , Isle of Wight , Eng.—died June 12, 1842, Rugby , Warwickshire), educator who, as headmaster of Rugby School , had much influence on public school education in England . He was the father of the poet and critic Matthew Arnold . Thomas Arnold, detail of an engraving by H. Cousins, 1840, after an oil painting by Thomas Philips Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum; photograph, J.R. Freeman & Co. Ltd. Thomas Arnold was educated at Winchester and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was elected a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, in 1815. After ordination and marriage he settled at Laleham, Middlesex, in 1819, becoming a tutor to university entrants. During his tenure as Rugby School’s headmaster (from 1828 until his death), Arnold gradually raised Rugby to the rank of a great public school.

Arnold was not an innovator in teaching method; his aim was to reform Rugby by making it a school for gentlemen. He used prefects more fully than any previous headmaster. Under the prefect system the older boys served as house monitors to keep discipline among the younger boys; this system was adopted in most English secondary schools. The Arnold tradition spread to other schools through Rugby pupils and masters, and many schools established after Arnold’s death were modeled on Rugby. Arnold was the author of five volumes of sermons, an edition of Thucydides, and a three-volume history of Rome. Learn More in these related articles: Rugby School - 必应 Sign in Rugby School Rugby School is a co-educational day and boarding school in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. It is a registered charity and is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. The influence of Rugby and its pupils and masters in the nineteenth century was enormous and in many ways the stereotype of the English public school is a reworking of Thomas Arnold's Rugby. It is one of the original ten English public schools defined by the Public Schools Act 1868 and one of the most famous and expensive schools in the country. "Floreat Rugbeia" is the ...

(展开) traditional school song. Rugby School enrolls boarding and day students, with a total student enrollment of 800 in day student grades 4 to 12. Rugby School was the birthplace of Rugby football. In 1845, three Rugby School pupils produced the first written rules of the "Rugby style of game." 1 2714 Rugby School的网页搜索结果 1 本结果选自867项相关网络资源 Main article: William Webb Ellis The game of Rugby football owes its name to the school. The legend of William Webb Ellis and the origin of the game is commemorated by a plaque. The story has been known to be a myth since it was investigated by the Old Rugbeian Society in 1895. There were no standard... 用中文翻译WilliamWebb Ellis,a pupil at Rugby School in England,picked up the ball during a soccer game and ran with it. 答 Early challenges Rugby School was founded in 1567 as a provision in the will of Lawrence Sheriff, who had made his fortune supplying groceries to Queen Elizabeth I of England.

Since Lawrence Sheriff lived in Rugby and the neighbouring Brownsover, the school was intended to be a free grammar school for the boys of those towns. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its history during that trying period is characterised mainly by a series of lawsuits between descendants of the founder, who tried to defeat the intentions of the testator, and the masters and trustees, who tried to carry them out. A final decision was handed down in 1667, confirming the findings of a commission in favour of the trust, and henceforth the school maintained a steady growth. Rugby School Academic life Pupils beginning Rugby in the F Block (first year) study various subjects. This is continued through to D block (GCSE year). The school then provides standard A-levels in 29 subjects. Students at this stage have the choice of taking 3 or four subjects and are also offered the opportunity to take an extended project. Scholarships The Governing Body provides financial benefits with school fees to families unable to afford them. Parents of pupils who are given a Scholarship are capable of obtaining a 10% fee deduction, although more than one scholarship can be awarded to one student.

Rugby School Growth It was no longer desirable to have only local boys attending and the nature of the school shifted, and so a new school – Lawrence Sheriff Grammar School – was founded in 1878 to continue Lawrence Sheriff's original intentions; that school receives a substantial proportion of the endowment income from Lawrence Sheriff's estate every year. The core of the school (which contains School House, featured in Tom Brown's Schooldays) was completed in 1815 and is built around the Old Quad (quadrangle), with its Georgian architecture. Especially notable rooms are the Upper Bench (an intimate space with a book-lined gallery), the Old Hall of School House, and the Old Big School (which makes up one side of the quadrangle and was once the location for teaching all junior pupils). Thomas Hughes (like his fictional hero, Tom Brown) once carved his name onto the hands of the school clock, situated on a tower above the Old Quad. The polychromatic school chapel, new quadrangle, Temple Reading Room, Macready Theatre and Gymnasium were designed by the well-known Victorian Gothic revival architect William Butterfield in 1875, and the smaller Memorial Chapel was dedicated in 1922.

By the twentieth century Rugby expanded and new buildings were built inspired by this Edwardian Era. The Temple Speech Room, named after former headmaster and Archbishop of Canterbury Frederick Temple (1858–69) and now used for whole-School assemblies, speech days, concerts, musicals – and BBC Mastermind. Oak-panelled walls boast the portraits of illustrious alumni, including Neville Chamberlain holding his piece of paper. Between the wars, the Memorial Chapel, the Music Schools and a new Sanatorium appeared. Cartel In 2005, Rugby School was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents. Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.

However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that independent schools had always been exempt from anti-cartel rules applied to business, were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with each other, and that they were unaware of the change to the law (on which they had not been consulted). She wrote to John Vickers, the OFT director-general, saying, "They are not a group of businessmen meeting behind closed doors to fix the price of their products to the disadvantage of the consumer.

They are schools that have quite openly continued to follow a long-established practice because they were unaware that the law had changed." Raphael Pearce – 1642 to 1651 Peter Whitehead Knightley Harrison – 1669 to 1674 Robert Aahbridge – 1674 to 1681 Leonard Jeacocks – 1681 to 1687 Henry Holyoake – 1687 to 1730 John Plomer – 1731 to 1742 Thomas Crossfield – 1742 to 1744 William Knail – 1744 to 1751 John Richmond – 1751 to 1755 Stanley Burrough – 1755 to 1778 Thomas James – 1778 to 1794 Henry Ingles – 1794 to 1806 John Wooll – 1806 to 1827 Thomas Arnold – 1828 to 1842 Archibald Tait – 1842 to 1848 Dr Meyrick

 Goulburn – 1849 to 1857 Frederick Temple – 1858 to 1869 Henry Hayman DD – 1870 to 1874 Thomas William Jex-Blake, DD, 1874 to 1887 John Percival, DD, – 1887 to 1895 Herbert Armitage James, DD – 1895 to 1910 Albert Augustus David – 1910 to 1921 William Wyamar Vaughan – 1921 to 1931 Percy Hugh Beverley Lyon – 1931 to 1948 Sir Arthur Frederic Brownlow fforde – 1948 to 1957 Walter Hamilton – 1957 to 1966 James Woodhouse – 1967 to 1980 Brian Rees −1980 to 1985 Richard Bull – 1985 to 1990 Michael Mavor – 1990 to 2001 Patrick Derham – 2001 to 2

014 Peter Green – 2014- Thomas Arnold Main article: Thomas Arnold Rugby's most famous headmaster was Thomas Arnold, appointed in 1828; he executed many reforms to the school curriculum and administration.

Arnold's reputation and the school's reputation was immortalised through Thomas Hughes' book Tom Brown's School Days. David Newsome writes about the new educational methods employed by Arnold in his book, 'Godliness and Good Learning' (Cassell 1961). He calls the morality practised at Arnold's school muscular Christianity. Arnold had three principles: religious and moral principle, gentlemanly conduct and academic performance. Dr. George Mosse, former professor of History in University of Wisconsin-Madison, lectured on Arnold's time at Rugby. According to Mosse, Thomas Arnold created an institution which fused religious and moral principles, gentlemanly conduct, and learning based on self-discipline. These morals were socially enforced through the "Gospel of work." The object of education was to produced "the Christian gentleman," a man with good outward appearance, playful but earnest, industrious, manly, honest, virginal pure, innocent, and responsible. Rugby School William Webb Ellis Main article: William Webb Ellis The game of Rugby football owes its name to the school. The legend of William Webb Ellis and the origin of the game is commemorated by a plaque.

The story has been known to be a myth since it was investigated by the Old Rugbeian Society in 1895. There were no standard rules for football in Webb Ellis's time at Rugby (1816–1825) and most varieties involved carrying the ball. The games played at Rugby were organised by the pupils and not the masters, the rules being a matter of custom and not written down. They were frequently changed and modified with each new intake of students. The sole source of the story is Matthew Bloxam, a former pupil but not a contemporary of Webb Ellis. In October 1876, four years after the death of Webb Ellis, in a letter to the school newspaper The Meteor he quotes an unknown friend relating the story to him. He elaborated on the story four years later in another letter to The Meteor, but shed no further light on its source. Richard Lindon, a boot and shoemaker who had premises across the street from the School's main entrance in Lawrence Sheriff Street, is credited with the invention of the "oval" rugby ball, the rubber inflatable bladder and the brass hand pump.

Rugby School Alumni Main article: List of Old Rugbeians There have been a number of notable Old Rugbeians including the purported father of the sport of Rugby William Webb Ellis, the inventor of Australian rules football Tom Wills, the war poets Rupert Brooke and John Gillespie Magee, Jr., Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, author and mathematician Lewis Carroll, poet and cultural critic Matthew Arnold, the author and social critic Salman Rushdie (who said of his time there: "Almost the only thing I am proud of about going to Rugby school was that Lewis Carroll went there too.") and the Irish writer and republican Francis Stuart. Matthew Arnold's father Thomas Arnold, was a headmaster of the school. An OR seven-a-side rugby team was invited to compete in the inaugural Old Boys Sevens tournament in June 2010, hosted by the Old Silhillians, the former pupils' association of Solihull School. Philip Henry Bahr (later Sir Philip Henry Manson-Bahr), a zoologist and medical doctor, World War I veteran, was President of both Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene and Medical Society of London, and Vice-President of the British Ornithologists’ Union.

Rugby School Rugby Fives Rugby Fives is a handball game, similar to squash, played in an enclosed court. It has similarities with Winchester Fives (a form of Wessex Fives) and Eton Fives. It is most commonly believed to be derived from Wessex Fives, a game played by Thomas Arnold, Headmaster of Rugby, who had played Wessex Fives when a boy at Lord Weymouth's Grammer, now Warminster School. The open court of Wessex Fives, built in 1787, is still in existence at Warminster School although it has fallen out of regular use. Rugby Fives is played between two players (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles), the aim being to hit the ball above a 'bar' across the front wall in such a way that the opposition cannot return it before a second bounce. The ball is slightly larger than a golf ball, leather-coated and hard. Players wear leather padded gloves on both hands, with which they hit the ball. Rugby Fives continues to have a good following with tournaments being run nationwide, presided over by the Rugby Fives Association.

^ "Charity Commission – Rugby School". Charity Commission. Retrieved 30 March 2013. ^ "Gabbitas". Retrieved 26 August 2015. ^ "The truth about Flashman: an old Rugbeian writes". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 16 October 2015. ^ a b c University of Oxford student. "Rugby School". Retrieved 26 August 2015. ^ a b "Six ways the town of Rugby helped change the world". BBC. Retrieved 29 January 2015 ^ Rugby by Henry Christopher Bradby ^ Gilman, D. C.; Thurston, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Rugby School". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. ^ rugbyschool.net/history ^ "Education - The Times". Retrieved 26 August 2015. ^ Article at UK Office of Fair Trade ^ "Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry". The Daily Telegraph (London). 1 March 2004.

Retrieved 15 March 2011. ^ a b c d e f John Barclay Hope Simpson, Rugby Since Arnold: A History of Rugby School from 1842, Published by Macmillan, 1967 ^ a b c Rugby School – History and Traditions ^ "New Post for Head Master". Retrieved 26 August 2015. ^ "New Head Master Announced". Retrieved 26 August 2015. ^ "richardlindon.com". Retrieved 26 August 2015. ^ "Rugby School - The Good Schools Guide". The Good Schools Guide. Retrieved 26 August 2015. ^ ^ Salman Rushdie: The Arab spring is a demand for desires and rights that are common to all human beings, Telegraph ^ "Sir Philip Henry Manson-Bahr". Lives of the fellows: Munk's Roll: Volume VI. Royal College of Physicians of London. Retrieved 3 December 2014.

^ "Obituary Notices: Sir Philip Manson-Bahr, C.M.G., D.S.O., M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., D.T.M.&H.". British Medical Journal 2 (5525): 1332–1334. 1966. PMC1944321. PMID5332525. ^ "Rugby School - (Development Office)". Retrieved 26 August 2015. ^ Ruby Fives Association

Question: Of which famous public school was Thomas Arnold headmaster from 1828 to 1842
Answer: Rugby