What is llama hair called? | Reference.com What is llama hair called? A: Quick Answer Llama hair is referred to as fiber while still on the animal and wool once it is shaved. The wool produced by a llama is very soft and is free of lanolin, a fatty, yellow, viscous substance found naturally in sheep's wool. Full Answer The llama is a two-coated mammal. The inner coat is a fine, downy undercoat that protects llamas from cold and heat temperatures. The outer coat, which is called the guard coat, is all straight hair. The guard coat allows moisture and debris to be shed. This second coat comprises of zero to 20 percent of the entire coat. Wool fat | definition of wool fat by Medical dictionary Wool fat | definition of wool fat by Medical dictionary Related to wool fat: yellow soft paraffin wool fat Synonym(s): lanolin wool fat a fatty substance obtained from sheep's wool and of which lanolin is a common chemical component. It consists primarily of lanosterol and cholesterol and its esters. wool fat A fatty substance obtained from sheep's wool and containing not more than 0.25% water.

It is used as an ointment base that has the ability to absorb water and can produce contact dermatitis in susceptible people. See also: fat wool the natural fiber produced by the skin of domesticated sheep, characterized by its quality of felting together by virtue of its imbricated surface. wool ball inherited coat color in sheep. wool blind the state of having excess wool growth around the eyes to the point where the sheep is unable to see. break in wool wool suitable for the woollen trade. carpet wool coarse low-grade wool, used in the manufacture of carpets. wool classing see wool classing . clean wool the basis on which the price of wool is set; scoured wool less charges and loss incurred in scouring. combing wool long-fibered wool suitable for processing in a combing machine. Used in textile manufacture, especially worsted. colored wool fibers naturally colored fibers in a fleece. dead wool wool plucked from a sheep which has been dead for some time; usually heavily contaminated and of little value. dense wool staples carrying many fibers per unit area of skin surface. wool depigmentation see fleece rot, mycotic dermatitis.

doggy wool unevenly or poorly crimped wool; found in old sheep. wool eating eating of rabbits' wool by other rabbits, or wool from garments by cats causes intestinal wool balls and obstruction of the gut. May be a manifestation of pica due to boredom. wool fat includes straight, steely wool, wool break, pigmentation, achromotrichia in black sheep. wool fiber diameter thickness of the fiber; wool is sold on the basis of the average fiber diameter of the wool in the lot as determined by a machine and quoted in microns (micrometers); a more sophisticated classification is made on the basis of the average fiber diameter and the variability of the diameter. greasy wool wool in its natural state, after removal from the sheep and before any commercial processing; contains yolk, suint, moisture, extraneous soil and vegetable matter. wool hairs the soft undercoat fibers in most cats and dogs, interspersed with the longer guard hair ; the predominant fiber type in sheep. hogget wool first fleece from a 10 to 14 month old sheep which has not been previously shorn.

hunger fine wool wool with a finer fiber diameter than expected for the sheep's age; caused usually by poor nutrition. wool industry includes sheep farming, shearing, wool sales, wool processing and fiber and fabric manufacture. wool maggots see cutaneous myiasis . wool picking pulling at the wool of another sheep. It may be a vice due to over-confinement, or to an unspecified nutritional deficiency. Biting of another sheep as occurs in rabies may be confused with wool picking but not for long. plain wool straight wool lacking crimp and character. wool processing effluent liquid effluent from wool processing; has been a source of infection with anthrax. wool pulling pulling by the sheep of its own wool, usually an indication of itchiness. See also psorergates ovis. wool quality the British standard for wool quality is based on the Bradford Spinning Count System and the wool qualified as to its Bradford Count. This originated in the 19th century and is based on the number of 560-yard worsted skeins that can be produced from one pound of clean wool; larger numbers mean finer wool. wool rot see fleece rot.

wool rubbing the sheep rubs its fleece against a hard object. Usually an indication of itching caused by external parasites or to a systemic disease with manifestations in the skin. See also scrapie . wool slip alopecia of housed ewes that are shorn in winter. The wool is lost over a large area of the back. There is no systemic illness and the wool regrows normally. The cause is unknown but the condition appears to be related to a high level of serum corticosteroids. straight-steely wool steely wool . wool sucking a vice of cats, particularly Siamese and Siamese crosses, in which they suck or chew woollen objects. Believed to be an extension of sucking behavior. tender wool wool which will break during the combing process in manufacturing. wool wax Fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool | Crossword Puzzle Clue | CrosswordGiant.com Fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool Fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool Clue: Fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool We have 1 possible answer for the clue Fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool which appears 1 time in our database.

Wool fat - definition of wool fat by The Free Dictionary Wool fat - definition of wool fat by The Free Dictionary Related to wool fat: yellow soft paraffin wool fat (Elements & Compounds) another name for lanolin lan•o•lin a fatty substance, extracted from wool, used in ointments, waterproof coatings, etc. Sometimes, lan•o•line (-ɪn, -ˌin) Also called wool fat. [1880–85; < Latin lān(a) wool + -ol 2 + -in 1] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. wool fat - a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics ointment , salve , unguent , balm , unction - semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation animal oil - any oil obtained from animal substances Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content .

Link to this page: Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. sheep - definition - What is ? What is ? sheep definition : sheep The sheep (Ovis aries) is a quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed ungulates. Although the name "sheep" applies to many species in the genus Ovis, in everyday usage it almost always refers to Ovis aries. Numbering a little over one billion, domestic sheep are also the most numerous species of sheep. An adult female sheep is referred to as a ewe (), an intact male as a ram or occasionally a tup, a castrated male as a wether, and a younger sheep as a lamb.

Sheep are most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for agricultural purposes, sheep are raised for fleece, meat (lamb, hogget or mutton) and milk. A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber, and is usually harvested by shearing. Ovine meat is called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones. Sheep continue to be important for wool and meat today, and are also occasionally raised for pelts, as dairy animals, or as model organisms for science. Sheep husbandry is practised throughout the majority of the inhabited world, and has been fundamental to many civilizations. In the modern era, Australia, New Zealand, the southern and central South American nations, and the British Isles are most closely associated with sheep production. Sheepraising has a large lexicon of unique terms which vary considerably by region and dialect. Use of the word sheep began in Middle English as a derivation of the Old English word scēap; it is both the singular and plural name for the animal. A group of sheep is called a flock, herd or mob.

Many other specific terms for the various life stages of sheep exist, generally related to lambing, shearing, and age. Being a key animal in the history of farming, sheep have a deeply entrenched place in human culture, and find representation in much modern language and symbology. As livestock, sheep are most often associated with pastoral, Arcadian imagery. Sheep figure in many mythologies—such as the Golden Fleece—and major religions, especially the Abrahamic traditions. In both ancient and modern religious ritual, sheep are used as sacrificial animals. ==Characteristics== Domestic sheep are relatively small ruminants, usually with a crimped hair called wool and often with horns forming a lateral spiral. Domestic sheep differ from their wild relatives and ancestors in several respects, having become uniquely neotenic as a result of selective breeding by humans. A few primitive breeds of sheep retain some of the characteristics of their wild cousins, such as short tails. Depending on breed, domestic sheep may have no horns at all (i.e. polled), or horns in both sexes, or in males only. Most horned breeds have a single pair, but a few breeds may have several.

While white wool is desirable for large commercial markets, there is a niche market for colored fleeces, mostly for handspinning. When all deciduous teeth have erupted, the sheep has 20 teeth. Mature sheep have 32 teeth. As with other ruminants, the front teeth in the lower jaw bite against a hard, toothless pad in the upper jaw. These are used to pick off vegetation, then the rear teeth grind it before it is swallowed. There are eight lower front teeth in ruminants, but there is some disagreement as to whether these are eight incisors, or six incisors and two incisor-shaped canines. This means that the dental formula for sheep is either or There is a large diastema between the incisors and the molars. In the first few years of life one can calculate the age of sheep from their front teeth, as a pair of milk teeth is replaced by larger adult teeth each year, the full set of eight adult front teeth being complete at about four years of age. The front teeth are then gradually lost as sheep age, making it harder for them to feed and hindering the health and productivity of the animal.

For this reason, domestic sheep on normal pasture begin to slowly decline from four years on, and the life expectancy of a sheep is 10 to 12 years, though some sheep may live as long as 20 years. Sheep have good hearing, and are sensitive to noise when being handled. Sheep have horizontal slit-shaped pupils, with excellent peripheral vision; with visual fields of about 270° to 320°, sheep can see behind themselves without turning their heads. Many breeds have only short hair on the face, and some have facial wool (if any) confined to the poll and or the area of the mandibular angle; the wide angles of peripheral vision apply to these breeds. A few breeds tend to have considerable wool on the face; for some individuals of these breeds, peripheral vision may be greatly reduced by "wool blindness", unless recently shorn about the face. Sheep have poor depth perception; shadows and dips in the ground may cause sheep to baulk. In general, sheep have a tendency to move out of the dark and into well-lit areas, === Comparison with goats === Sheep and goats are closely related: both are in the subfamily Caprinae.

However, they are separate species, so hybrids rarely occur, and are always infertile. A hybrid of a ewe and a buck (a male goat) is called a sheep-goat hybrid (only a single such animal has been confirmed), and is not to be confused with the sheep-goat chimera, though both are known as geep. Visual differences between sheep and goats include the beard of goats and divided upper lip of sheep. Sheep tails also hang down, even when short or docked, while the short tails of goats are held upwards. Sheep breeds are also often naturally polled (either in both sexes or just in the female), while naturally polled goats are rare (though many are polled artificially). Males of the two species differ in that buck goats acquire a unique and strong odor during the rut, whereas rams do not. Some sources give a count of a thousand or more breeds, but these numbers cannot be verified, according to some sources. 1314 breeds as of 1995 and 1229 breeds as of 2006.

(These numbers exclude extinct breeds, which are also tallied by the FAO.) For the purpose of such tallies, the FAO definition of a breed is "either a subspecific group of domestic livestock with definable and identifiable external characteristics that enable it to be separated by visual appraisal from other similarly defined groups within the same species or a group for which geographical and/or cultural separation from phenotypically similar groups has led to acceptance of its separate identity." A sheep may also be of a fat-tailed type, which is a dual-purpose sheep common in Africa and Asia with larger deposits of fat within and around its tail. Breeds are often categorized by the type of their wool. Fine wool breeds are those that have wool of great crimp and density, which are preferred for textiles. Most of these were derived from Merino sheep, and the breed continues to dominate the world sheep industry. Downs breeds have wool between the extremes, and are typically fast-growing meat and ram breeds with dark faces. Some major medium wool breeds, such as the Corriedale, are dual-purpose crosses of long and fine-wooled breeds and were created for high-production commercial flocks. Long wool breeds are the largest of sheep, with long wool and a slow rate of growth.

Long wool sheep are most valued for crossbreeding to improve the attributes of other sheep types. For example: the American Columbia breed was developed by crossing Lincoln rams (a long wool breed) with fine-wooled Rambouillet ewes. Coarse or carpet wool sheep are those with a medium to long length wool of characteristic coarseness. Breeds traditionally used for carpet wool show great variability, but the chief requirement is a wool that will not break down under heavy use (as would that of the finer breeds). As the demand for carpet-quality wool declines, some breeders of this type of sheep are attempting to use a few of these traditional breeds for alternative purposes. Others have always been primarily meat-class sheep. A minor class of sheep are the dairy breeds. Dual-purpose breeds that may primarily be meat or wool sheep are often used secondarily as milking animals, but there are a few breeds that are predominantly used for milking. These sheep produce a higher quantity of milk and have slightly longer lactation curves. In the quality of their milk, the fat and protein content percentages of dairy sheep vary from non-dairy breeds, but lactose content does not.

A last group of sheep breeds is that of fur or hair sheep, which do not grow wool at all. Hair sheep are similar to the early domesticated sheep kept before woolly breeds were developed, and are raised for meat and pelts. Some modern breeds of hair sheep, such as the Dorper, result from crosses between wool and hair breeds. For meat and hide producers, hair sheep are cheaper to keep, as they do not need shearing. Preferences for breeds with uniform characteristics and fast growth have pushed heritage (or heirloom) breeds to the margins of the sheep industry. Both sheep and goats use their lips and tongues to select parts of the plant that are easier to digest or higher in nutrition. The fermenting organisms include bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. (Other important rumen organisms include some archaea, which produce methane from carbon dioxide.) The bolus is periodically regurgitated back to the mouth as cud for additional chewing and salivation. Other than forage, the other staple feed for sheep is hay, often during the winter months. The ability to thrive solely on pasture (even without hay) varies with breed, but all sheep can survive on this diet.

===Grazing behavior=== Sheep follow a diurnal pattern of activity, feeding from dawn to dusk, stopping sporadically to rest and chew their cud. Ideal pasture for sheep is not lawnlike grass, but an array of grasses, legumes and forbs. Types of land where sheep are raised vary widely, from pastures that are seeded and improved intentionally to rough, native lands. Common plants toxic to sheep are present in most of the world, and include (but are not limited to) cherry, some oaks and acorns, tomato, yew, rhubarb, potato, and rhododendron. ====Effects on pasture==== Sheep are largely grazing herbivores, unlike browsing animals such as goats and deer that prefer taller foliage. With a much narrower face, sheep crop plants very close to the ground and can overgraze a pasture much faster than cattle. Research conducted in Imperial County, California compared lamb grazing with herbicides for weed control in seedling alfalfa fields. Three trials demonstrated that grazing lambs were just as effective as herbicides in controlling winter weeds. Entomologists also compared grazing lambs to insecticides for insect control in winter alfalfa.

In this trial, lambs provided insect control as effectively as insecticides. ==Behavior== ===Flock behavior=== Sheep are flock animals and strongly gregarious; much sheep behavior can be understood on the basis of these tendencies. The dominance hierarchy of sheep and their natural inclination to follow a leader to new pastures were the pivotal factors in sheep being one of the first domesticated livestock species. Furthermore, in contrast to the red deer and gazelle (two other ungulates of primary importance to meat production in prehistoric times), sheep do not defend territories although they do form home ranges. All sheep have a tendency to congregate close to other members of a flock, although this behavior varies with breed, Flock behaviour in sheep is generally only exhibited in groups of four or more sheep; fewer sheep may not react as expected when alone or with few other sheep. Those who are moving sheep may exploit this behavior by leading sheep with buckets of feed. ===Dominance hierarchy=== Sheep establish a dominance hierarchy through fighting, threats and competitiveness. Dominant animals are inclined to be more aggressive with other sheep, and usually feed first at troughs. Primarily among rams, horn size is a factor in the flock hierarchy.

Rams with different size horns may be less inclined to fight to establish the dominance order, while rams with similarly sized horns are more so. In sheep, position in a moving flock is highly correlated with social dominance, but there is no definitive study to show consistent voluntary leadership by an individual sheep. Their flocking behavior and quickness to flee and panic can make shepherding a difficult endeavor for the uninitiated. Despite these perceptions, a University of Illinois monograph on sheep reported them to be just below pigs and on par with cattle in IQ. In addition to long-term facial recognition of individuals, sheep can also differentiate emotional states through facial characteristics. ===Vocalisations=== Sounds made by domestic sheep include bleats, grunts, rumbles and snorts. Bleating ("baaing") is used mostly for contact communication, especially between dam and lambs, but also at times between other flock members. The bleats of individual sheep are distinctive, enabling the ewe and her lambs to recognize each other's vocalizations. Vocal communication between lambs and their dam declines to a very low level within several weeks after parturition. Pregnant ewes may grunt when in labor.

Rumbling sounds are made by the ram during courting; somewhat similar rumbling sounds may be made by the ewe, and is often elicited from startled sheep. ===Senses=== In sheep breeds lacking facial wool, the visual field is wide. In 10 sheep (Cambridge, Lleyn and Welsh Mountain breeds, which lack facial wool), the visual field ranged from 298° to 325°, averaging 313.1°, with binocular overlap ranging from 44.5° to 74°, averaging 61.7°. In some breeds, unshorn facial wool can limit the visual field; in some individuals, this may be enough to cause "wool blindness". In 60 Merinos, visual fields ranged from 219.1° to 303.0°, averaging 269.9°, and the binocular field ranged from 8.9° to 77.7°, averaging 47.5°; 36% of the measurements were limited by wool, although photographs of the experiments indicate that only limited facial wool regrowth had occurred since shearing.

In addition to facial wool (in some breeds), visual field limitations can include ears and (in some breeds) horns, behavioral responses indicating depth perception are seen in lambs at one day old. Sheep are thought to have colour vision, and can distinguish between a variety of colours: black, red, brown, green, yellow and white. Sight is a vital part of sheep communication, and when grazing, they maintain visual contact with each other. Each sheep lifts its head upwards to check the position of other sheep in the flock. This constant monitoring is probably what keeps the sheep in a flock as they move along grazing. Sheep become stressed when isolated; this stress is reduced if they are provided with a mirror, indicating that the sight of other sheep reduces stress. Taste is the most important sense in sheep, establishing forage preferences, with sweet and sour plants being preferred and bitter plants being more commonly rejected. Touch and sight are also important in relation to specific plant characteristics, such as succulence and growth form. The ram uses his vomeronasal organ (sometimes called the Jacobson's organ) to sense the pheromones of ewes and detect when they are in estrus.

The ewe uses her vomeronasal organ for early recognition of her neonate lamb. ==Reproduction== Sheep follow a similar reproductive strategy to other herd animals. A group of ewes is generally mated by a single ram, who has either been chosen by a breeder or (in feral populations) has established dominance through physical contest with other rams. Ewes have estrus cycles about every 17 days, during which they emit a scent and indicate readiness through physical displays towards rams. A minority of rams (8% on average) display a preference for homosexuality In feral sheep, rams may fight during the rut to determine which individuals may mate with ewes. Rams, especially unfamiliar ones, will also fight outside the breeding period to establish dominance; rams can kill one another if allowed to mix freely. and normal labor takes one to three hours. Although some breeds regularly throw larger litters of lambs, most produce single or twin lambs. During or soon after labor, ewes and lambs may be confined to small lambing jugs, small pens designed to aid both careful observation of ewes and to cement the bond between them and their lambs.

In the case of any such problems, those present at lambing may assist the ewe by extracting or repositioning lambs. After lambs are several weeks old, lamb marking (ear tagging, docking, and castrating) is carried out. The first course of vaccinations (commonly anti-clostridial) is commonly given at an age of about 10 to 12 weeks; i.e. when the concentration of maternal antibodies passively acquired via colostrum is expected to have fallen low enough to permit development of active immunity. Ewes are often revaccinated annually about 3 weeks before lambing, to provide high antibody concentrations in colostrum during the first several hours after lambing. Ram lambs that will either be slaughtered or separated from ewes before sexual maturity are not usually castrated. Objections to all these procedures have been raised by animal rights groups, but farmers defend them by saying they solve many practical and veterinary problems, and inflict only temporary pain. Throughout history, much of the money and labor of sheep husbandry has aimed to prevent sheep ailments. Historically, shepherds often created remedies by experimentation on the farm.

In some developed countries, including the United States, sheep lack the economic importance for drug companies to perform expensive clinical trials required to approve more than a relatively limited number of drugs for ovine use. However, extra-label drug use in sheep production is permitted in many jurisdictions, subject to certain restrictions. In the US, for example, regulations governing extra-label drug use in animals are found in 21 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 530. In the 20th and 21st centuries, a minority of sheep owners have turned to alternative treatments such as homeopathy, herbalism and even traditional Chinese medicine to treat sheep veterinary problems. The need for traditional anti-parasite drugs and antibiotics is widespread, and is the main impediment to certified organic farming with sheep. Excessive stress can compromise the immune system. Pain, fear and several other stressors can cause secretion of epinephrine (adrenaline). Considerable epinephrine secretion in the final days before slaughter can adversely affect meat quality (by causing glycogenolysis, removing the substrate for normal post-slaughter acidification of meat) and result in meat becoming more susceptible to colonization by spoilage bacteria.

Common forms of preventive medication for sheep are vaccinations and treatments for parasites. Both external and internal parasites are the most prevalent malady in sheep, and are either fatal, or reduce the productivity of flocks. Nose bots are fly larvae that inhabit a sheep's sinuses, causing breathing difficulties and discomfort. Common signs are a discharge from the nasal passage, sneezing, and frantic movement such as head shaking. External parasites may be controlled through the use of backliners, sprays or immersive sheep dips. Other animals that occasionally prey on sheep include: felines, bears, birds of prey, ravens and feral hogs. Sheep producers have used a wide variety of measures to combat predation. Pre-modern shepherds used their own presence, livestock guardian dogs, and protective structures such as barns and fencing. Fencing (both regular and electric), penning sheep at night and lambing indoors all continue to be widely used. causing significant decreases in predator populations. In the wake of the environmental and conservation movements, the use of these methods now usually falls under the purview of specially designated government agencies in most developed countries.

The 1970s saw a resurgence in the use of livestock guardian dogs and the development of new methods of predator control by sheep producers, many of them non-lethal. Other countries such as New Zealand have smaller flocks but retain a large international economic impact due to their export of sheep products. Sheep also play a major role in many local economies, which may be niche markets focused on organic or sustainable agriculture and local food customers. Especially in developing countries, such flocks may be a part of subsistence agriculture rather than a system of trade. Sheep themselves may be a medium of trade in barter economies. In the 21st century, the sale of meat is the most profitable enterprise in the sheep industry, even though far less sheep meat is consumed than chicken, pork or beef. Sheep intestine can be formed into sausage casings, and lamb intestine has been formed into surgical sutures, as well as strings for musical instruments and tennis rackets. Of all sheep byproducts, perhaps the most valuable is lanolin: the waterproof, fatty substance found naturally in sheep's wool and used as a base for innumerable cosmetics and other products.

Farmers may also choose to focus on a particular breed of sheep in order to sell registered purebred animals, as well as provide a ram rental service for breeding. The most valuable sheep ever sold to date was a purebred Texel ram that fetched £231,000 at auction. The previous record holder was a Merino ram sold for £205,000 in 1989. Despite the falling demand and price for sheep products in many markets, sheep have distinct economic advantages when compared with other livestock. They do not require expensive housing, such as that used in the intensive farming of chickens or pigs. They are an efficient use of land; roughly six sheep can be kept on the amount that would suffice for a single cow or horse. Sheep can also consume plants, such as noxious weeds, that most other animals will not touch, and produce more young at a faster rate. Also, in contrast to most livestock species, the cost of raising sheep is not necessarily tied to the price of feed crops such as grain, soybeans and corn. Combined with the lower cost of quality sheep, all these factors combine to equal a lower overhead for sheep producers, thus entailing a higher profitability potential for the small farmer.

==As food== Sheep meat and milk were one of the earliest staple proteins consumed by human civilization after the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. Throughout modern history, "mutton" has been limited to the meat of mature sheep usually at least two years of age; "lamb" is used for that of immature sheep less than a year. In the 21st century, the nations with the highest consumption of sheep meat are the Arab States of the Persian Gulf, New Zealand, Australia, Greece, Uruguay, the United Kingdom and Ireland. In comparison, countries such as the U.S. consume only a pound or less (under 0.5 kg), with Americans eating 50 pounds (22 kg) of pork and 65 pounds (29 kg) of beef. today it is used predominantly in cheese and yogurt making. Sheep have only two teats, and produce a far smaller volume of milk than cows. Many of these products are now often made with cow's milk, especially when produced outside their country of origin. ==In science== Sheep are generally too large and reproduce too slowly to make ideal research subjects, and thus are not a common model organism.

They have, however, played an influential role in some fields of science. In particular, the Roslin Institute of Edinburgh, Scotland used sheep for genetics research that produced groundbreaking results. In 1995, two ewes named Megan and Morag were the first mammals cloned from differentiated cells. A year later, a Finnish Dorset sheep named Dolly, dubbed "the world's most famous sheep" in Scientific American, was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. Following this, Polly and Molly were the first mammals to be simultaneously cloned and transgenic. As of 2008, the sheep genome has not been fully sequenced, although a detailed genetic map has been published, and a draft version of the complete genome produced by assembling sheep DNA sequences using information given by the genomes of other mammals. In 2012, a transgenic sheep named "Peng Peng" was cloned by Chinese scientists, who spliced his genes with that of a roundworm (C. elegans) in order to increase production of fats healthier for human consumption.

In the study of natural selection, the population of Soay sheep that remain on the island of Hirta have been used to explore the relation of body size and coloration to reproductive success. Soay sheep come in several colors, and researchers investigated why the larger, darker sheep were in decline; this occurrence contradicted the rule of thumb that larger members of a population tend to be more successful reproductively. The feral Soays on Hirta are especially useful subjects because they are isolated. Sheep are one of the few animals where the molecular basis of the diversity of male sexual preferences has been examined. However, this research has been controversial, and much publicity has been produced by a study at the Oregon Health and Science University that investigated the mechanisms that produce homosexuality in rams. Organizations such as PETA campaigned against the study, accusing scientists of trying to cure homosexuality in the sheep. OHSU and the involved scientists vehemently denied such accusations. Pregnant sheep are also a useful model for human pregnancy, and have been used to investigate the effects on fetal development of malnutrition and hypoxia.

In behavioral sciences, sheep have been used in isolated cases for the study of facial recognition, as their mental process of recognition is qualitatively similar to humans. ==Cultural impact== Sheep have had a strong presence in many cultures, especially in areas where they form the most common type of livestock. In the English language, to call someone a sheep or ovine may allude that they are timid and easily led. In contradiction to this image, male sheep are often used as symbols of virility and power; the logos of the Los Angeles Rams football team and the Dodge Ram pickup truck allude to males of the bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis. Counting sheep is popularly said to be an aid to sleep, and some ancient systems of counting sheep persist today. Sheep also enter in colloquial sayings and idiom frequently with such phrases as "black sheep". To call an individual a black sheep implies that they are an odd or disreputable member of a group. This usage derives from the recessive trait that causes an occasional black lamb to be born into an entirely white flock. These black sheep were considered undesirable by shepherds, as black wool is not as commercially viable as white wool.

===Religion and folklore=== In antiquity, symbolism involving sheep cropped up in religions in the ancient Near East, the Mideast, and the Mediterranean area: Çatalhöyük, ancient Egyptian religion, the Cana'anite and Phoenician tradition, Judaism, Greek religion, and others. Religious symbolism and ritual involving sheep began with some of the first known faiths: Skulls of rams (along with bulls) occupied central placement in shrines at the Çatalhöyük settlement in 8,000 BCE. In Ancient Egyptian religion, the ram was the symbol of several gods: Khnum, Heryshaf and Amun (in his incarnation as a god of fertility). There are many ancient Greek references to sheep: that of Chrysomallos, the golden-fleeced ram, continuing to be told through into the modern era. Astrologically, Aries, the ram, is the first sign of the classical Greek zodiac, and the sheep is the eighth of the twelve animals associated with the 12-year cycle of in the Chinese zodiac, related to the Chinese calendar. Sheep are occasionally sacrificed to commemorate important secular events in Islamic cultures.

Greeks and Romans sacrificed sheep regularly in religious practice, and Judaism once sacrificed sheep as a Korban (sacrifice), such as the Passover lamb . Ovine symbols—such as the ceremonial blowing of a shofar—still find a presence in modern Judaic traditions. Followers of Christianity are collectively often referred to as a flock, with Christ as the Good Shepherd, and sheep are an element in the Christian iconography of the birth of Jesus. Some Christian saints are considered patrons of shepherds, and even of sheep themselves. Christ is also portrayed as the Sacrificial lamb of God (Agnus Dei) and Easter celebrations in Greece and Romania traditionally feature a meal of Paschal lamb. In many Christian traditions, a church leader is called the pastor, which is derived from the Latin word for shepherd.

Sheep are key symbols in fables and nursery rhymes like The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing, Little Bo Peep, Baa, Baa, Black Sheep, and Mary Had a Little Lamb; novels such as George Orwell's Animal Farm and Haruki Murakami's A Wild Sheep Chase; songs such as Bach's Sheep may safely graze (Schafe können sicher weiden) and Pink Floyd's Sheep, and poems like William Blake's "The Lamb". ==See also== * Dry Sheep Equivalent * History of the domestic sheep * Sheepfold * Sheeple * Shrek (sheep) * Sonny Wool * U.S. Sheep Experiment Station * Venray sheep companies ==References== Lanolin：Cosmetic Ingredients Products｜Nippon Fine Chemical excellent spreadability of wax Our lanolin products make the best use of these characteristics. Lanolin has a long history of being used in cosmetics – it was used in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. In the city-state of Sumer in ancient Mesopotamia, where wool was produced on a large scale, a type of soap was prepared from wool grease mixed with clay and ash.

More recently in 1882, Germans Liebreich and Braun succeeded in purifying wool grease and called the obtained product “lanolin” – from Latin lana, meaning “wool”, and oleum, “oil”. Since then, lanolin has been used in medicines and cosmetics. Unlike lard or tallow, lanolin is not a type of subcutaneous or visceral fat. It is obtained through the washing of wool cut from healthy living sheep - an all-natural and sustainable product. Subcutaneous fat and vegetable oils are composed of high fatty acid triglycerides. However, lanolin, like carnauba wax, is composed of both high fatty acids and alcohol esters which makes lanolin a wax as well. It coats the surface of sheep wool, protecting it from harsh environmental influences. lanolin - definition of lanolin in English | Oxford Dictionaries Definition of lanolin in English: lanolin noun [mass noun] A fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool. It is extracted as a yellowish viscous mixture of esters and used as a base for ointments.

Example sentences ‘Lipids (eg, petroleum, lanolin, mineral oil) block moisture from leaving the skin by using occlusive or semiocclusive materials to form a barrier for the skin to better restore itself.’ ‘Common allergens include topical antibiotics, lanolin in topical moisturizers, chemicals in dressings, preservatives, and fragrances.’ ‘I'd remind them how he'd come in from the shearing shed for morning tea, smelling of oil and lanolin, teasing and annoying my grandmother as he ate his Sao's.’ ‘He makes a marvellous, naturally scented cream from an old English recipe using only natural products - lanolin, bees wax, almond oil and aloe vera that he grows himself.’ ‘I do not use paraffin, Vaseline, lanolin or petroleum based by-products in my range because these ingredients are barrier products in my view.’ ‘Vitamin D3 from sheep's wool, lanolin, is acceptable as halal.’ ‘For example, creams that contain lanolin - a wax derivative of sheep's wool - can cause allergic reactions and are comedogenic (tending to aggravate or cause acne).’ ‘Lip balm containing beeswax, lanolin, coconut oil or other natural moisturizers

 is an alternative.’ ‘We sometimes suggest a product containing lanolin, beeswax or coconut oil to moisturize the lips and discourage licking.’ ‘Two weeks after application of lanolin, only 24% of fruit treated with lanolin alone remained attached.’ ‘A natural, undyed wool cover can be re-waterproofed with lanolin every few weeks, or as needed.’ ‘They contained no artificial colours, drying alcohol, synthetic fragrances, oily lanolin or mineral oil - all staple ingredients in many leading brands.’ ‘The young émigré began by packaging and peddling lanolin - sheep oil - disguising the odor with extracts of lavender, pine bark, and water lilies.’ ‘And it will include research into additional medical uses for sheep products such as lanolin and keratin.’ ‘Although wool can be damaged by moths, it contains lanolin, a naturally occurring oil that protects it from these insects.’ ‘Moisturizers contain humectants, such as glycerin, methyl glucose esters, lanolin, or mineral oil, that replace oils in the skin and promote its effectiveness as a moisture barrier.’ ‘The oil component of ointments is typically petrolatum; creams tend to contain lanolin.’ ‘These

 creams usually contain lanolin, wheat germ and cocoa butter.’ ‘There are currently two main commercial routes to obtain cholesterol: extracting it from the spinal cords of cattle; and from lanolin, the natural grease found on wool.’ ‘When the season's over, their wool, meat, and lanolin can be sold for profit.’ Origin Late 19th century: coined in German from Latin lana wool + oleum oil + -in.

Pronunciation: Cerulean is a shade of which colour? blue Camel is a shade of which colour? yellowish-brown Bistre is a shade of which colour? brownish-yellow Heliotrope is a shade of which colour? purple Anthracite is a shade of which colour? dark grey Amethyst is a shade of which colour? blue-green Fawn is a shade of which colour? brown Luteofulvous is a shade of which colour? pale blue Carmine is a shade of which colour? blue Amaranth is a shade of which colour? purple You scored /10 practise again? Retry Most popular in the world Australia What is lanolin? Home What is lanolin? Why use lanolin cream? This natural cream has benefits that your skin can’t do without. Lanolin is also known as wool fat or wool grease that is derived from the sebaceous gland of sheep’s wool. Lanolin is a fatty substance that is only found on animals that grow wool, such as sheep. Pure lanolin is a powerful moisturizer that can promote the smoothness and translucency associated with healthy, youthful skin. It is naturally occurring oil that is similar to the natural substances found in human skin.

Lanolin is highly used in commercial products, but it has an auspicious beginning. For this writing, we will not get into the industrial uses but rather the uses of lanolin cream for skin care. Lanolin cream is rich in fatty acids for free radical protection and non greasy hydration. Lanolin is another name meant for wool fat or wool grease that is derived from domestic sheep. Its naturally occurring lanolin is similar to the natural substances found in human skin. When Lanolin is combined with vitamin-e or other ingredients, it helps it to be absorbed by the skin deeper at the cellular level. Also, known as fatty alcohols, they help skin care formulations to act as efficient skin care products. Lanolin is listed as an ingredient in many emollient creams, moisturizers, hair care products, lip balms, soaps, etc. Lanolin cream functions as a moisturizer for our skin and is commonly used to heal many skin conditions. Women experiencing nipple pain from dry or cracked nipples apply lanolin cream directly after breast feeding to heal the nipples. Lanolin cream is the right cure for cracked nipples.

Many eczema sufferers find lanolin to be an effective treatment to help relieve itchiness and dryness on the skin without irritation. Lanolin is a natural defense against ravages of climate and environment. Lanolin cream helps store and maintains skin’s moisture balance. Research has documented ingredients such as pro retinol, lanolin, tocopheryl acetate and emu oil to effective anti aging skin solutions. Lanolin enriched lotion works at the cellular level of the skin. This helps alleviate foot corn and other hardened skin patches by softening the skin. Lanolin cream is from sheep’s wool derivative, it is hypoallergenic and harmless. Historically, lanolin has been the choice for dry skin and aging skin. Lanolin cream works by forming an oily layer on top of the skin to trap moisture loss from the skin. This gives your skin the translucent texture and hydrated look and feel. Lanolin is such a powerful moisturizer that it is used for industrial use. Such use includes protecting your car paint for many years, or protecting the vehicles interior from spills and stains. Now imagine applying this super moisturizer on your skin and what it can do for you.

Lanolin cream has been present for many years and is a popular moisturizer due to the protection and hydration it offers the skin. Lanolin products received poor press coverage due to countries using lanolin from sheep wool loaded with pesticides. It is noteworthy that you find a lanolin product that is made from pesticide free farming. We highly recommend lanolin products made in countries such as Australia and New Zealand that have strict guidelines and are renowned for their pesticide free lanolin products. Australian creams is one of the renowned producers of lanolin skin cream in Australia. This is a uniquely blended formula with vitamin E to deliver maximum results. Leave a Reply Lanolin | definition of lanolin by Medical dictionary Lanolin | definition of lanolin by Medical dictionary lanolin [lan´o-lin] wool fat or wool grease that is refined and incorporated into many commercial preparations. Lanolin is a by-product of the process that accompanies the removal of sheep's wool from the pelt. In its crude form it is a greasy yellow wax of unpleasant odor. This odor disappears when the lanolin is emulsified and made into salves, creams, ointments, and cosmetics.

Although lanolin is slightly antiseptic, it has no other medicinal benefits and is valuable principally because of the ease with which it penetrates the skin, and because it does not turn rancid. Modified lanolin has been additionally processed to reduce the amount of free lanolin alcohols and detergent and pesticide residues. a·deps la·nae the greasy substance obtained from the wool of the sheep Ovis aries (family Bovidae). Used as an emollient base for creams and ointments. [L. fat of wool] lanolin /lan·o·lin/ (lan´ah-lin) a purified, waxlike substance from the wool of sheep, Ovis aries, occurring in an anhydrous form and also a form containing 25 to 30 percent water; used as a water-in-oil ointment or cream base. Modified l. has been additionally processed to reduce the amount of free lanolin alcohols and detergent and pesticide residues. lanolin (lăn′ə-lĭn) n. A fatty substance obtained from wool and used in soaps, cosmetics, and ointments. Also called wool fat.

lanolin [lan′əlin] Etymology: L, lana, wool, oleum, oil a fatlike substance from the wool of sheep. It contains about 25% water as a water-in-oil emulsion and is used as an ointment base and an emollient for the skin. Also called hydrous wool fat . a·deps la·nae (ad'eps lā'nē) The greasy substance obtained from the wool of the sheep Ovis aries (family Bovidae); used as an emollient base for creams and ointments. [L. fat of wool] lanolin A mixture of esters of fatty acids derived from animal skin secretions on wool. Lanolin is used, in conjunction with other ingredients such as zinc oxide, to form various soothing skin ointments. lanolin ; hydrous wool fat sheep wool sebum; contains 25-30% water; used as water-absorbable ointment base lanolin wool fat or wool grease that is refined and incorporated into many commercial preparations. Lanolin is a by-product of the process that accompanies the removal of sheeps' wool from the pelt.

In its crude form it is a greasy yellow wax of unpleasant odor which disappears when the lanolin is emulsified and made into salves, creams, ointments and cosmetics. Although lanolin is slightly antiseptic, it has no other medicinal benefits and is valuable principally because of the ease with which it penetrates the skin, and because it does not become rancid. lanolin bush

Question: What is the fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool called
Answer: Lanolin