Political Map of Guyana - Nations Online Project Political Map of Guyana Guyana is a country on the northeastern coast of South America. It is bordered by Venezuela in west, by Brazil in south west and south, by Suriname in east, and by the North Atlantic Ocean in north east. It is the the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and Uruguay . Disputed areas: the Courantyne River, forms a long part of the border with Suriname, which claims all the territories east of the river. More than half of the country is claimed by Venezuela (hatched area) which claims the western part of Guyana as far as the Essequibo River, the largest river in Guyana. The country is part of the Guianas, a region in north-eastern South America on the Guiana Shield, an old stable geological formation that forms a portion of the northern coast. The Guianas are bounded by the Orinoco, Negro, and Amazon rivers and the Atlantic Ocean. It includes Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana . With an area of 214,969 km² Guyana is somewhat smaller than the United Kingdom , or slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Idaho .

The population of Guyana are largely descendents from Asian laborers (Indo-Guyanese, 43%) and African slaves (Afro-Guyanese, 30%. Their ancestors were brought in to work on sugar plantations. There are 17% Guyanese of mixed heritage, and there is also left a small American Indian population (9%). The country has a population of today 748,000 people (Census 2012), 90% of the residents live in the coastal regions. Spoken languages are English and Guyanese Creole (lingua franca), and Caribbean Hindustani. Geography of Guyana Guyana's landscape offers a variety of natural regions, a narrow, fertile coastal plain dotted with marshes and cultivated land, a belt of white sand more inland in a hilly sand and clay region with rich mineral deposits. The interior consists mostly of rolling hills covered by tropical rainforest, and a series of plateaus, flat-topped mountains, and savannahs. The Rupununi Savannah, a desert and grassland savannah in south west, located between the Rupununi River and the border with Brazil and Venezuela.

The Pacaraima Mountains in the western part of the interior highlands, with the country's highest peak, Mount Roraima (2,810 m; 9,220 ft). Map is showing the South American country with international borders, the national capital Georgetown , province capitals, major towns, villages, and resorts, main roads, secondary roads, the country's only international airport, Cheddi Jagan International Airport ( IATA code: GEO) south of Georgetown. You are free to use this map for educational purposes, please refer to the Nations Online Project. Cities and Towns in Guyana Map shows the location of following Guyanese cities, towns and villages: Aishalton, Anna Regina (capital of the Pomeroon-Supenaam Region), Apoteri, Arimu Mine, Baramanni, Bartica, Biloku, Charity, Corriverton (easternmost town in Guyana at the Corentyne River, opposite Nieuw Nickerie, Suriname, the towns are linked by ferry), Dadanawa, Epira, Five Star, Fort Wellington, Georgetown (capital and largest city; pop.

240,000), Good Hope, Imbaimadai, Issano, Kaituma, Kamarang, Kumaka, Kurupukari, Kwakwani, Lethem, Linden (second largest town; pop. 60,000), Mabaruma, Mahdia, Mara, Masekenari, Matthews’ Ridge, New Amsterdam (sea port and third largest town; pop. 30,000), Normandia, Orealla, Orinduik, Peters Mine, Potaro Landing, Rockstone, Rose Hall, Rosignol, Spring Garden, Surama, TakamaItuni, and Vreed en Hoop. French Guiana | Tourist Maker Blog French Guiana French Guiana is the smallest country on the territory of South America. It has a population of 185 000 people. It borders by two countries – Suriname to the west and Brazil to the east and to the south. There is a wide outlet to the Atlantic Ocean. French Guiana is a French overseas department. There is no capital, but the city of Cayenne play the role of administrative center.

Otherwise, the true capital of French Guiana is Paris , despite the great geographic distance. The country’s official language is French, and the official currency is, of course, the Euro. The relief of French Guiana is flat in the northern parts of the country and hilly in the southern and central parts. There are not high mountains and mountain ranges. There are only some very slight mountain heights. The highest point in the country is Mount Bellevue, which is located in the central parts of the country and reaches only 851 meters. The lowland territory of the country is barred by the dense river network. Nature. Almost the entire territory of French Guiana is covered with dense and impassable equatorial forests. The significant daily rainfall has created one of the richest in animal and plant species habitats on the planet. Here live undisturbed such animals as Jaguar, Tapir, toucan, dozens of species of monkeys and many, many other species. The environment of French Guiana is extremely clean and preserved. In this respect it could serve as an example to many other countries. In addition to the dense forests, French Guiana has some very beautiful, wild beaches.

The majority of the coast, however, is occupied by the Mangrove, in like manner as Suriname. The mangrove forests are very important environment for many species. Climate. French Guiana has hot and humid equatorial climate , with very heavy, almost daily rainfall throughout the year. Fall to about 3800 millimeters per year. Like Guyana and Suriname, the daytime temperatures here are also moving in the range of 29 to 32-33°C, and the night temperatures are about 23°C. Apparently,the temperature variations are very slight, which is typical feature of the equatorial climate zone. The most heavy rain fall during the first half of the year, but the maximum of precipitation falls in May. The driest month (if it can be called dry) is September, when the rainfall is „only” around 30 millimeters. As in the most places in the equatorial climatic zone, there is always a broken clouds, and do not forget about the heat, which is felt throughout the year and is one of the most specific features of the local climate. The economy of French Guiana relies mainly to the mining and treatment of gold, bauxite, timber and agriculture.

The conditions are perfect for warm-loving and moisture-loving crops such as rice, cassava, sugar cane, bananas and so on. The sugar cane producing is in the base of the producing of the traditional drink of the Caribbean -the rum. The main arable lands are located near the largest cities of Cayenne and Kuru near by the Atlantic coast. French Guiana is part of France and as such has a high standard of living of the local population, which strongly differs the country from the most of the countries in the region. But the high standard of living does not mean that French Guiana is a major economic power. The country is very sparsely populated and vast areas of it are wild and untouched, without any infrastructure. This is one of the wildest and untouched countries of South American continent. The main transport routes are located in coastal areas, where are also and the biggest part of the cities in this country. However, French Guiana enjoys many advantages as a French overseas department. Very important role for French Guiana play the space center which is located about ten kilometers west of the town of Kuru. The location was chosen for launching spacecraft into the space because of its closeness to the equator.

In terms of tourism French Guiana has potential for development. The combination of warm climate, dense jungles, wild beaches can be quite profitable for this sparsely populated country. Cities. The cities in French Guiana are small and concentrated along the coast. They form mini-agglomeration, because of the small distance between them. The biggest city is the administrative center Cayenne, which has population of about 70 000 people or almost ½ of the population of the country. The second largest city is Kuru and it is located approximately 40 kilometers west of Cayenne. Between the two cities there are smaller settlements of rural type. Inside the country there are some small towns mainly in the border areas, especially on the border with Suriname. Political Map of Suriname - Nations Online Project Political Map of Suriname ___ Political Map of Suriname About Suriname Suriname is a country on the northeastern coast of South America. The country is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in north, by Guyana in west, by French Guiana in east, and by Brazil in south. The western and eastern borders of Suriname are subject to longstanding disputes between the Republic of Suriname and its neighboring countries.

The southern border with Brazil is uncontroversial since 1906. Colonized by the Dutch and the English from the 17th century. The country was known as Dutch Guiana until 1954, it became fully independent in 1975. With an area of 163,820 km² Suriname is about four times the size of the Netherlands (mainland), or slightly larger than the U.S. state of Georgia . The population of Suriname are largely descendents from African slaves and Asian laborers brought in to work on sugar plantations and there is also left a small American Indian population. The country has a population of today 580,000 people (2015), most of them live in the coastal regions. Capital and largest city is Paramaribo , spoken languages are Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (a native Creole language and lingua franca), and Caribbean Hindustani. Suriname's landscape offers a narrow coastal plain dotted with swamps and marshes, the interior consists mostly of rolling hills covered by a tropical rainforest.

The hilly country is rising up to the highest point in Suriname, the Julianatop, a hill with an elevation at its top of 1,230 m (4,199 ft.). The country near the Equator has a tropical rainforest climate which is moderated by trade winds at the coast. Major rivers in Suriname are the Commewijne River, the Coppename River, the Courantyne River, which forms a long part of the border with Guyana, and Marowijne (Moroni) River, which marks the (disputed) border between French Guiana and Suriname, the Litani River, a tributary of the Maroni River, forms part of the semi-official southern boundary between Suriname and French Guiana. Map is showing the South American country with international borders, the national capital Paramaribo, province capitals, major towns, villages, and resorts, main roads, and the location of the country's only international airport, Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport ( IATA code: PBM) near Zanderij, and the two railway lines in Suriname, but none of them are in use.

You are free to use this map for educational purposes, please refer to the Nations Online Project. South America Population 2016 - World Population Review World Population Review 422,534,692 South America Population 2016 South America is a subcontinent of the Americas located in the Southern, Western and Northern Hemispheres with a 2013 population estimated at 386,000,000, according to national estimates of its various countries and statistical calculations. South America is bordered by North America and the Caribbean Sea to the northwest, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and north and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It includes a total of 12 sovereign states and two non-soverign areas: French Guiana (overseas region of France) and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. Trinidad, Tobago and the ABC islands belonging to the Netherlands are also sometimes considered a part of South America. By far the most populous country in South America is Brazil, which has topped 201 million for the first time in 2013. Brazil is the fifth most populous country on earth, after China, India, the United States and Indonesia.

Brazil is currently enjoying a high growth rate that's outpaced previous projections, but it is expected to stabilize around 218 million by 2060. The top 5 most populous countries in South America are: Brazil: 201 million Venezuela: 30 million Least Populous Countries By far the least populous country in South America is the non-sovereign Falkland Islands of the United Kingdom, which has a population in 2013 of just 3,000 people. This archipelago has an area of 12,173 square kilometers (4,700 square miles), and its population consists mostly of native Falkland Islanders, most of British descent. French Guiana follows the Falkland Islands as the second least populous country of the continent with an estimated 2013 population of 259,000. The least populous sovereign country in South America is Suriname (or Surinam), with a 2013 population of 539,000. Located in northern South America, the country is bordered by Brazil to the south, French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the north.

Suriname is also the smallest sovereign state in the region with just 165,000 square kilometers (64,000 square miles) of land, and it's the only independent country in the Americas that speaks Dutch. The 5 least populous countries in South America are: Falkland Islands (UK): 3,000 Uruguay: 3.297 million Comparison to Other Continents South America has a total land area of 17.84 million square kilometers (6.89 square miles), which makes it fourth in terms of area (behind Asia, Africa and North America) and fifth in terms of population (after Asia, Africa, Europe and North America). Despite being one of the smallest and least populous continents, South America is the third most populous with an average of 73 people per square mile. This compares to Asia with a population density of 203 people per square mile, and Europe with 134/square mile. The population density of South America as a whole compares to the population density of the entire United States of 76/square mile.

South America's Population Growth As a whole, South America enjoys strong growth with an overall growth rate of over 1% per year. The region has a relatively low migration rate with high fertility and a high birth rate. South America currently has a very high proportion of children under 15 years, and many of its countries are enjoying high annual economic growth rates as high as 8% in the case of Argentina, while unemployment remains fairly low. As a whole, only Bolivia has a population growth rate above 1%, while the vast majority of South American countries are growing at a rate of 1% per year. Meanwhile, the Falkland Islands, Guyana and Uruguay are at a 0% growth rate. This means South America's population should continue growing steadily and modestly until 2060, when it will stabilize with a population of about 218 million.

% of World Pop 6.04% Northern South America: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil, and eastern Venezuela | Ecoregions | WWF x Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Northern South America: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil, and eastern Venezuela The Guianan Moist Forests are one of the largest continuous tracts of relatively pristine lowland tropical rainforest in the world. This ecoregion is characterized by high species richness and local and regional endemism, particularly among the flora, as well as relatively intact ecological processes. Species assemblages are shared with the Orinoco and Amazon Basins, and with the Guianan highlands and Tepuis formations – and is thus a convergence zone for speciation. These lowland forests were relatively intact until recently; gold mining, wildlife export, logging, and hunting are now encroaching on the area and will increase exponentially if unregulated. Scientific Code Description Location and General Description This region is located on the northeast coast of South America. The Amazon basin lies to the south and the Orinoco borders on the west.

The primary rivers from west to east, draining north towards the Atlantic Ocean, are the Essequibo, Corantijn, Marowijne, and Oyapock. The southern boundary is formed by the watershed of the Acarai Mountains and Serra Tumucumaque, which also is the international border between Brazil and the northern Guianan countries of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana (an overseas department of France). A small portion to the east includes the upper tributaries of the lower Amazon in Brazil. Parts of the lower Orinoco in Venezuela comprise the western limit. The Guianan Moist Forests exclude the narrow strip of coastal mangroves and swamp forest skirting the Atlantic Ocean. The local and regional climate types in these forests are generally hot and wet, and are strongly influenced by the northeastern trade winds (vientos alisios) and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The result is that moisture-rich air is constantly blown inland from the Atlantic – regulated by annual oscillations of the ITCZ. There is some variation in precipitation through the region, which can range between 2000 – 4000mm annually.

Climate in this region is hot and wet. According to Köppen's climate classification, the major part of this ecoregion has a Tropical Rainforest (Af). Two rainy and two dry seasons can be distinguished: a short rainy season from early December to the end January, a short dry season from early February to the end April, a long rainy season early May to mid August, and finally a long dry season mid August - end November (Teunissen et al. 2001). The ancient Precambrian Guianan Shield is the underlying geology in northeastern South America (Gibbs and Barron 1993). The Guianan Moist Forests accounts for approximately two-thirds of the northeastern portion of the Shield, but the west-central area includes the elevated sandstone plateau of the Pakaraima Highlands with an average elevation of 1,000 m (Huber 1995). There are also associated table-top mountains (tepuis) such as Mount Roraima that raise above the surrounding area to heights of 2,810 m. These two higher elevation areas are described in the Tepuis ecoregion.

The region has primarily a level or low to hilly physiography, with some abrupt topography along the river valleys and in proximity to tepui formations. Vegetation is tropical ombrophilous lowland forest, with moderate regional variability, including marsh forest along rivers. Several vegetation types are recognized within this ecoregion and also include patches of savannas and some patches of herbaceous swamps along the coastal lowlands (Lindeman and Mori 1989). Several outliers of the Tepui formations are embedded in and rise from these predominanty lowland and submontane forests. The flora of this area is rich, and these multi-tiered forests can reach up to 40 meters in height. Although primarily evergreen, there may be marked leaf reduction in the dry season(August-December). In much of the area the forest floor is rich in shrubs (not many shrubs) and herbaceous plants, and epiphytes and parasites abound due to high atmospheric humidity (UNESCO 1981).

The chief plant families represented in these forests are Bignonianceae, Bombacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Sterculiaceae, Lauraceae, Vochysiaceae, Sapotaceae, Lecythidaceae, leguminous plants, Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rubiaceae, Meliaceae, Sapindaceae, Annonaceae, and Palmaea. Common tree species include Calophyllum brasiliense, Carapa guianensis, Cedrela fissilis, Ceiba pentandra, Coumourana punctata, Couroupita guianensis, Eschweilera sp., Guarea trichiloides, Luehea sp., Coumourana punctata, Parkia pendula, Pentaclethra macroloba, Protium sp., Schwartzia sp., Trichilia sp., and Warszewiczia coccinea. Within the Guianas, moist forest species composition is changing from east to west.

Even within the boundaries of Suriname, species composition between east and west is very obvious: many "eastern" species are completely lacking in western Suriname, while typical "western" species (lacking in eastern moist forest) may dominate "western" forests. Lacking completely in Suriname are: Cedrela fissilis, Coumourana punctata, Coumourana punctata and Warszewiczia coccinea. Biodiversity Features This ecoregion encompasses a large block of lowland and submontane forest, with a wide variety of regional and local floral and faunal biodiversity, and with high levels of species endemism and richness. Since the first explorers and biologists arrived here this areas has been recognized as an important center and dispersal route for many species (Schomburgk 1940) Little research had been done on much of this region until recently, and historic accounts were not maintained in the host country where much valuable information has been lost (Fontaine pers.comm). Mammalian richness is high, with over 220 species described in Guyana alone – of which over 100 are bats.

Endemism is also relatively high on the species level, and includes the following species: Marmosa lepida, Euphractus sexinctus, Sanguinus midas, Pithecia pithecia, Ateles paniscus, Sciurillus pusillus, Oryzomys delicatus, Neacomys guianae, Sphiggurus insidiosus, Echimys chryurus (Eisenberg 1989), Tonati schulzi, and Molossops neglectus (Mittermeier et al.. 1990). Avian richness and diversity are high, and shares affinites with the Guyana Highlands and northern Andes (cock of the rock Rupicola rupicola) as well as the Amazonian lowlands (hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin). Many microhabitat specialists also florish in the diverse terrain, and may greatly increase the overall richness of the area. Several larger raptors, including harpy (Harpia harpyja) and crested eagle (Morphnus guianensis) occur locally. Very little is know of the herpetofauna present in these forests.

Threatened reptiles include the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) and the yellow-headed sideneck turtle (Podocnemis unifilis). Among the amphibians, diversity is notably high among the Hylindae, Dendrobatidae, and Peptodactylidae (Mittermeier et al. 1990). Plant endemism and richness is high, and of the estimated 8000 species of vascular plants – 50% may be endemic (Mittermeier et al. 1990, Boggan et al. 1997). The vegetation is typical of what has come to be know as the Guyana Lowland Floristic Province. The southern portion of this ecoregion is a Center of Plant Diversity (WWF & IUCN 1997) known as the transverse dry belt, and in central French Guiana is another Center known as the Saul Region. Within the transverse dry belt the predominant vegetation is semi-open forest with notable patches of savanna. Dense mesophylic forests are common on higher elevations and along rivers and streams.

In this area palm diversity is notably high and includes such species as Astrocaryum mumbaca, A. munbaca, Bactris sphaerocarpa (not in Suriname), Maximiliana maripa, and Iriartea excrrhiza. The Saul region is more characteristic of the Guayana Lowland Floristic Province, and within its small confines has over 150 endemic vascular plants (IUCN 1996). In a patchwork distribution among these moist forests are an important savanna component, predominantly in Suriname. Savannas can be considered as remnants of the extensive Pleistocene climate savanna, once covering Suriname almost entirely except along rivers and at high altitudes where the rainforest survived in so-called forest refugia. While the savanna climate during the early Holocene changed into the present tropical rainforest climate, Suriname became covered again by rain forest and savanna ecosystems survived in 10 different landscapes at locations where soil/hydrology and/or man-made fires favored their maintenance. Nowadays savanna's are covering only 1 % of the Surinamese land surface.

Based on the landscape classification of Cohen and Van der Eyk (1953) all savanna types were studied in the 60s and early 70s. The total list of savanna plants amount over 800 species, which is 20 % of the Surinamese flora. Most of these species are confined to savannas. As savannas cover only 1 % of the land surface of Suriname, savannas may be considered as hot spots for plant diversity. Current Status At present, the siege of human invasion has only just begun in this ecoregion – and conservation efforts as well have taken rootThis ecoregion occurs in five countries, which speak five different languages. Governments agendas are equally diverse, and management and conservation occurs nationally with few transnational efforts currently in place. French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname are unique among South American countries in that deforestation pressures have so far had little effect (IUCN 1996). On the other hand there are also very few protected areas, (with the exception of Suriname) and threats have increased dramatically even as we enter the next millenia.

There are a number of established and proposed nature reserves in Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana which offer varying degrees of protection – however few are officially recognized (Lindeman and Mori 1989). UNEP recognized the following protected areas within and shared by this ecoregion: in Guyana, Kaieteur National Park (5¸00'N - 59¸00'W, IUCN category II), and in Suriname, Brownsberg Nature Park (4¸54'N - 55¸12'W, IUCN category II) 12 nature reserves, and one multiple use management area (UNEP/WCMC protected areas database. There are is a significant push to increase tourism in these countries, which may help in the valuation of biodiversity and curve some of the current trends. Governments are also becoming more aware of the true "richness" their countries possess and are taking measures to save it. Types and Severity of Threats Gold mining and the rampant expansion of logging are the most serious cause for concern, much of which is done illegally and along the borders of the Guyanas and Brazil and Venezuela where there is little enforcement or protection.

Recent increases in gold mining have severely impacted streams and surrounding landscapes with polluted runoff and mercury contamination (Fontaine per. comm.). Guyana is the second largest exported of wild birds in South America, with approximately 15,000 exported in 1989 (IUCN 1996). Other wildlife is also exported commercially and together may constitute a threat to the persistence of many species. However, stringent quotas currently exist and with proper research and enforcement may limit the effects of this threat. Justification of Ecoregion Delineation The delineation for this ecoregion follow five separate national and international vegetation maps. The base map was UNESCO (1980), and all subsequent maps were used to refine these lines on a national level. In Venezuela we used Huber and Alarcon (1988), following their classification of "semi deciduous tropophilous medium forests", "semi deciduous tropophilous tall forests", "evergreen submontane ombrophilous forests", and "evergreen tall ombrophilous forests (south of the Delta)". In Guyana, linework follows Huber et al.

(1995), and encompasses all their Flooded Coastal and Lowland Forests and Shrublands forest types, and excludes all Savannas and Meadows. In Suriname we followed OAS & National Planning Office of Suriname (1988) and excluded all swamp forests and mangroves in the northern sector, and a small portion of savanna along the southern border with Brazil. All of French Guiana was included with the exception of mangroves according to UNESCO (1980) and Granville (1979). In Brazil, we followed IBGE’s (1993) classification of "dense submontane ombrophilous forests" along the borders of the Guyanas and the southern delineation follows elevational contours. References Berry, P.E., O. Huber, and B.K. Holst. 1995. Floristic analysis and phytogeography. In: Berry, P.E., B. K. Host, and K. Yatskievych, editors. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 1: Introduction. Portland, Oregon: Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis and Timber Press. Boggan, J., V.

Funk, C. Kelloff, M. Hoff, G. Cremers, and C. Feuillet. 1997. Checklist of the plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). 2nd Edition. Biological Diversity of the Guianas Program. Washington, DC. Fontaine, M. Personal Communication. Director, WWF-Suriname. 8/2001. Fundação Instituto Brasilero de Geografia Estatástica-IBGE. 1993. Mapa de vegetação do Brasil. Map 1:5,000,000. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Gibbs, A. K., and C. N. Barron. 1993. The geology of the Guiana Shield. Oxford University Press, New York. Granville, J. 1979. La Guayane - Planche 12 - Vegetation. Map 1:1,000,000.

Atlas des Centre d'Etudes de Geographie Tropicale, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer, Cayenne, French Guiana. Huber, O. 1995. Geography. In: Berry, P. E., B. K. Host, and K. Yatskievych, editors, Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 1: Introduction. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis and Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. Huber, O., and C. Alarcon. 1988. Mapa de vegetación de Venezuela. 1:2,000,000. Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Renovables, Caracas, Venezuela. Huber, O., G. Gharbarran, and V. Funk. 1995. Vegetation map of Guyana (preliminary version). 1:1,000,000. Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity, University of Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana. IUCN. 1996. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas.

Harcourt, C.S. and J.A. Sayer, editors. Simon and Schuster, New York. Lindeman, J. C., and S. A. Mori. 1989. The Guianas. In: Campbell, D.G., and H. D. Hammond (eds.). Floristic inventory of tropical countries. New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA. Mittermeier, R.A., S.A. Malone, M.J. Plotkin, F. Baal, K. Mohadin, J. MacKnight, M. Werkhoven, and T.B. Werner. 1990. Conservation Action Plan for Suriname. World Wildlife Fund –US. 45 pp. OAS & National Planning Office of Suriname. 1988. Suriname Planatlas. Organization of American States, Executive Secretariat for Economic and Social Affairs Department of Regional Development. Washington, D.C., USA. Schomburgk, R. H. 1840. A description of British Guiana, geographical and statistical: exhibiting its resources and capabilities, together with the present and future condition and propects of the colony.

Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., London, 155 pp. Ter Steege, H. 2000. Plant diversity in Guyana: with recommendations for a National Protected Area Strategy. Tropenbos Series 18. Ter Steege, H, R. Boot, L. Brouwer, J.C. Caesar, R.C. Ek, D.S. Hammond, P.P. Haripersaud, P. van der Hout, V.G. Jetten, A.J. van Kekem, M.A. Kellman, Z. Khan, A.M. Polak, T.L. Pons, J. Pulles, D. Raaimaker, S.A. Rose, J.J. van der Sanden, and R.J. Zagt. 1996. Ecology and logging in a tropical rain forest in Guyana: with recommendations for forest management. Tropenbos Series 14, Wageningen, Netherlands. Teunissen, P.A., D. Noordam, K. Boven, J. Nieuwendam & S. Janki 2001.

Management Plan Boven Coesewijne Nature Reserve, Suriname. Report on behalf of the Nature Conservation Division of the Surinam Forest Service. WWF-GFECP-project FG-12, TA5. 125 pp + 30 Annexes (75 pp). UNEP/WCMC. Prototype Nationally Designated Protected Areas Database. UNESCO. 1981. Vegetation Map of South America: explanitory notes. United Nations \Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Darantiere, France. WWF and IUCN. 1997. Centres of plant diversity. A guide and strategy for their conservation. Volume 3: The Americas. IUCN Publications Unit, Cambridge, UK. Prepared by: Jan Schipper, Pieter Teunissen, and Burton Lim Reviewed by: In process French Guiana: Introduction French Guiana Introduction French Guiana (gēănˈə, –änˈ–) [ key ], Fr. La Guyane française, officially Department of Guiana, French overseas department (2005 est. pop.

195,000), 35,135 sq mi (91,000 sq km), NE South America, on the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Guiana region, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the north, Suriname on the west, and Brazil on the south and east. Cayenne is the capital and largest city. The Oyapock (Oiapoque) River on the east and the Tumuc-Humac Mts. on the south separate it from Brazil. The Maroni River on the west forms the border with Suriname . French Guiana has two districts ( arrondissements ): Cayenne, the coastal region, where more than 90% of the population is concentrated; and the larger interior district of Saint Laurent-du-Maroni. The population is largely of mixed African and European descent, but there are also minorities of blacks, whites, indigenous peoples, Chinese, and South Asians. French is the official language, but Creole and other languages and dialects are spoken as well. The population is predominantly Roman Catholic. French Guiana is largely dependent on subsidies and imports from the mother country.

Fishing and forestry are the prime industries, and timber, shrimp, and rum made from local sugarcane are the chief exports. Rice, corn, bananas and other fruits, vegetables, and manioc are grown for subsistence. There are gold (discovered in 1855), petroleum, and other mineral deposits; exploitation, however, has been hindered by inadequate transportation and scarcity of labor. The Plan Vert (Green Plan), adopted in the late 1970s to increase production in agriculture and forestry, met with only partial success. The department (also one of 26 official regions of France) is represented in the French National Assembly and Senate. It is governed by a prefect and an elected council. Sections in this article: Suriname Facts, Facts about Suriname Facts about Suriname Suriname Facts Where is Suriname? The Republic of Suriname is the smallest sovereign state in South America. The country is located in northern South America. It has an estimated population of 490,000. The country’s name is believed to be derived from a Taino group called Surinen, who first inhabited the region. Which countries border Suriname?

The country is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and Atlantic coast to the north. What is the capital of Suriname? Paramaribo is the capital of Suriname. It is located on the banks of Suriname River and has an estimated population of 250,000. Which is the largest city of Suriname? The capital of Suriname, Paramaribo is the largest city of Suriname. The historic inner city of Paramaribo was declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2002. It has the country’s only cinema, and on Sundays and other holidays there is a popular bird-song competition. What is the currency of Suriname? Since 2004, the Suriname dollar has been the currency of Suriname. Its ISO 4217 code is SRD and is divided into 100 cents. Coins are available in the denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 100, and 250 cents, while notes are available in the denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollars.

What are the main ethnic groups in Suriname? The largest ethnic group in Suriname is the Hindustani, who emigrated from northern India in the 19th Century. Hindustani constitute 37% of the population, followed by Creole community (31%), Javanese (15%), Maroons (10%), and Amerindians (2%). What is the official language of Suriname? The official language of Suriname is Dutch. The country became an associate member of the Dutch Language Union in 2004. Along with Dutch, the country has many recognized regional languages. These are: Sranan Tongo, Hindi, Bhojpuri, English, Sarnami, Javanese, Hakka, Malay, etc. What is the religion of Suriname? The country has many religious and ethnic groups and the constitution provides for freedom of religion. Overall, 40.7% of the population is Christian, 20% is Hindu, 13.5% is Muslim, while 3.3% follow indigenous religions. What is the literacy rate in Suriname? According to the statistics compiled by UNICEF, the estimated literacy rate in Suriname is 91%.

The main university in the country is the Anton de Kom university. Which model of governance is followed in Suriname? Suriname is a democracy based on the 1987 constitution. The legislative consists of 51-member unicameral National Assembly, elected by the citizen for five years. The country is divided into 10 administrative districts and every district is headed by district commissioner appointed by the president. Who is the political leader of Suriname? Desi Bouterse is the president of Suriname. He is the ninth president of the republic, and was elected on July 19, 2010. Robert Ameerali is the vice president. When is the National Day of Suriname celebrated? November 25 is celebrated as the National Day of Suriname. The country was a plantation colony of the Netherlands. In 1954, the Dutch granted a limited self-government to Suriname, with the Netherlands retaining control of defense and foreign affairs. On this day in 1975, Dutch government granted full independence to the country. What is the economy of Suriname like? Bauxite industry dominates the economy of the country.

It comprises more than 15% of the GDP and 70% of export earnings. The estimated GDP of the country is 4.794 billion dollars. Rice, bananas, and shrimp are other main exports. The economy of the country is dependent on commerce. Its main trade partners are Netherlands, United States, Canada and Caribbean countries. What are the important landmarks in Suriname? The major landmarks of the country are: Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge, which is constructed over the river Suriname and was completed in 2000. The Cathedral of St Peter and Paul, which is 114 years old. It was a theater before being converted into a cathedral. Suriname is one of the few countries in the world where a synagogue is located next to a mosque. It is located in the center of the capital. The Guianas | region, South America | Britannica.com region, South America Guyana The Guianas, region of South America , located on the continent’s north-central coast and covering an area of about 181,000 square miles (468,800 square km).

It includes the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and French Guiana , an overseas département of France. The region is bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea , on the east and south by Brazil, and on the west by Venezuela. In the late 20th century, boundary disputes remained unsettled between Venezuela and Guyana, Guyana and Suriname, and Suriname and French Guiana. The Guianas are subdivided into three principal zones from south to north: the Precambrian Guiana Shield , a region of low mountains that lies along the southern borders of the three states and rises to the region’s highest point, Mount Roraima , 9,094 feet (2,772 metres); a lower region of hilly country covered by a tropical hardwood forest and occasional savanna grasslands; and the low-lying, narrow alluvial plain along the Atlantic coast. The region’s name derives from an Indian word for such lowlands: guiana (“land of water”). Major rivers drain the highlands north-northeastward toward the sea. The region has a year-round humid tropical climate that is tempered along the coast by offshore sea breezes.

About 80–90 percent of the region is covered by dense tropical forests containing many valuable species of wood. Settlement and commercial agriculture are largely confined to the coastal areas and the lower, navigable river valleys. The region’s rich and diverse wildlife includes jaguars, pumas, ocelots, tapirs, deer, sloths, great anteaters, armadillos, caimans, and iguanas. The Guiana Shield is rich in minerals, but only bauxite is exploited on a large scale by Guyana and Suriname. The rivers have rich and partly developed potential for hydroelectric power. The Guianas’ population ranges from indigenous American Indians to descendants of European colonizers, African slaves, East Indian, Chinese, and Indonesian indentured servants, Southeast Asian refugees, and Haitians. The languages of The Guianas are also varied and set the region apart from the rest of Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking South America. French, Dutch, and English are the official languages, respectively, of French Guiana, Suriname, and Guyana, but there are also many speakers of a creole language combining the three with African and Asian dialects .

Similar Topics Silicon Valley Mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing are major components of the region’s economy. Agriculture is divided between commercial plantation crops, which are important regional exports, and domestic crops, largely grown on small individual farms in the interior. Cattle, pigs, and chickens are raised on small farms, and fishing is a growing industry in the region. Forestry likewise is a growing industry, and the region’s timber resources are plentiful. Guyana and Suriname rank among the world’s largest bauxite and alumina producers. Manufacturing is only partly developed in the region, concentrated largely on processing domestic raw materials for export. The region’s principal exports include bauxite, aluminum, alumina, shrimp and fish, rice, and lumber. The earliest-known American Indians of the Guianas called the land Surinen, whence the name Suriname originated. The earliest European explorers were Spaniards under Amerigo Vespucci in the early 1500s.

Despite Spain’s claim to the area in 1593, the Dutch began in 1602 to settle along the Essequibo, Courantyne, and Cayenne rivers and were followed by the Dutch West India Company (1621), which received what is now Guyana, and later Suriname. The company introduced African slaves to work its tobacco, cotton, and coffee plantations. Part of Suriname in the meantime was colonized by the English sent from Barbados in 1651. The French settled first in a trading post at Sinnamary in 1624 and later established Cayenne (1643). Under the Treaty of Breda (1667), the Dutch received Suriname from England in exchange for Nieuw Amsterdam (New York), and the French were awarded French Guiana, setting the stage for the expulsion of Dutch settlers from Cayenne. Following these political settlements, sugar became the major plantation crop, and between 1742 and 1786 numerous British planters from the West Indies transferred to the Dutch-ruled Guianas, particularly the western one, and the use of slaves rose sharply. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros.

Folds Its Tent With the outbreak of the French Revolution and the subsequent Napoleonic conquest of Europe, the British temporarily occupied the Dutch Guianas. Following Napoleon’s final defeat (1815), the British purchased the Demerara, Berbice, and Essequibo colonies and consolidated their colonies into British Guiana (1831). The abolition movement that had developed in England resulted in a cessation of the slave trade in 1807, followed by emancipation in 1834–38. French Guiana abolished slavery in 1848, and Dutch-ruled Suriname did the same in 1863. The majority of the freed slaves refused to return to plantation labour, and the colonists therefore brought in indentured servants from India, China, and Southeast Asia .

Question: Which South American country is bordered by Guyana to the west and French Guiana to the east?
Answer: Suriname