Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Chemical Crystals - Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) Aspirin Movies Aspirin Video No. 1 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dissolution is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 7.6 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (3.25 MB). Aspirin Video No. 2 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 7.1 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (3.01 MB). Aspirin Video No.

3 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dissolution is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 12.2 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (5.09 MB). Aspirin Video No. 4 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dissolution is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 8.7 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (3.62 MB). Aspirin Video No. 5 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 7.9 seconds.

Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (3.33 MB). Aspirin Video No. 6 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dissolution is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 8.1 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (3.37 MB). Aspirin Video No. 7 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 11.3 seconds.

Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.69 MB). Aspirin Video No. 8 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 9.8 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.12 MB). Aspirin Video No. 9 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dissolution is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 4.4 seconds.

Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (1.86 MB). Aspirin Video No. 10 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 5.3 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (2.24 MB). Aspirin Video No. 11 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 6.1 seconds.

Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (2.57 MB). Aspirin Video No. 12 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 5.8 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (2.43 MB). Aspirin Video No. 13 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 7.9 seconds.

Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (3.35 MB). Aspirin Video No. 14 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dissolution is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 8.5 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (3.58 MB). Aspirin Video No. 15 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dissolution is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 6.5 seconds.

Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (2.73 MB). Aspirin Video No. 16 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dissolution is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 7.0 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem) , 56.6k (modem) , or T1/Cable/DSL , or download this video clip in MPEG format (2.97 MB). Acetylsalicylic acid, better known as aspirin, is well known for its properties as a nonnarcotic analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. A derivative of salicylic acid, the drug crystallizes in the form of a white, needle-like powder with only a faint odor.

It was first synthesized in 1897 by chemist, Felix Hoffmann, an employee at the Bayer� Company in Germany to relieve his father's rheumatism. The compound later became the active ingredient in aspirin named - "a" from acetyl, "spir" from the Meadowsweet plant Spiraea ulmaria (now called Filipendula ulmari) that yields salicin, and "in," a common suffix for medications. ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID (ASPIRIN) Hazard Symbols: XN, Risk Phrases: 22/36/37/38, Safety Phrases:26/28 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SALICYLIC ACID Salicylic Acid is a white crystalline powder or needle-shaped crystals with sweetish taste; soluble in acetone, ether, alcohol, boiling water, benzene and turpentine, sparingly soluble in chloroformbenzene, slightly soluble in water; melts at 158°C. The sodium salt form (sodium salicylate) is common commercially, prepared from mainly sodium phenolate with carbon dioxide under heating and pressure.

It contains both a hydroxyl and a carboxyl group, which react with either an acid or an alcohol. The carboxyl group forms esters with alcohols; e.g. methyl salicylate is formed with methanol, which used in food flavorings and preservatives; menthyl salicylate is formed with methanol, which is used in suntan lotions. The hydroxyl group reacts with acetic acid to form acetylsalicylic acid (called aspirin) which is the most widely common antiseptic and antipyretic agent. Phenyl salicylate (called salol) is formed with phenol, which is also used as an antiseptic and antipyretic agent. The sodium salt (Sodium salicylate), a shiny white powder, is used for antiseptics preparations and as a preservative. In addition to its analgesic and antipyretic properties, salicylic acid possesses keratinolytic properties and fungicidal properties. It ans its derivatives are used in the treatment of hyperkeratotic, dandruff, ichthyosis and psoriasis as well as in the treatment of fungal skin infections such as tinea.

Para-Aminosalicylic acid (abbreviated PAS and PASA) is an analogue of para-aminobenzoic acid (abbreviated PABA) that inhibits folic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is bacteriostatic, inhibits growth and multiplication of the tubercle bacillus. Para-Aminosalicylic acid and its sodium salt (sodium p-Aminosalicylate) are bacteriostatic against mycobacteria and used in the treatment of tuberculosis; administered orally. Brand names are Tubasal, Nemasol Sodium and etc. Aminosalicylic acids are pharmaceutically active ingredients including anti-infectives against colds, flu, or other virus infections. Mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid, abbreviated 5-ASA) an active metabolite of sulfasalazine, used to treat inflammation of the rectum and lower colon, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis.

Para-Aminosalicylic acid (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) is used as an intermediate of bacteriostatic agent specially for parabens (alkyl esters of p-hydroxy benzoic acid) which used in food and personal care products as a preservative. It is applied in the production of liquid crystal polymers. It is also used as an intermediate of dyes, insecticides, pharmaceutical, pesticides and other chemical compounds. Salicylic Acid and its derivatives are important for the preparation of other pharmaceutical products, dyes, flavours, and preservatives. What is Acetylsalicylic Acid? (with pictures) What is Acetylsalicylic Acid? Last Modified Date: 14 January 2017 Copyright Protected: These 10 facts about space will blow your mind Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is better known to most people by its common name, aspirin . A combination of sodium salicylate and acetyl chloride, this medication is the first non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID ) to be developed, and it’s been in use for over a century.

It was developed by Charles Frederic Gerhardt in the mid 19th century, but it didn’t gain popularity until the early 20th century, when its ability to reduce pain and fever were widely noted and the company Bayer® began to manufacture and distribute it in many countries. Undoubtedly, acetylsalicylic acid has numerous benefits and uses. In addition to being an effective anti-inflammatory drug, which may help treat minor injuries or swelling, aspirin can reduce headache and calm fever. It has other uses and one of the most common is to prevent platelets from forming blood clots or to prevent damage after stroke or heart attack. A number of people use ASA daily for blood clot prevention, particularly if they have had surgery on heart valves or have stents in place. Those who think they’re having a heart attack are often told to take an aspirin right away. Ad Up until the 1980s, aspirin was widely used for people of all ages whenever illness with fever or minor injuries or pain conditions occurred. Companies like Bayer® made baby or child strength and adult formulas. Use in children, unless the drug is for anti-clotting purposes, is now widely discouraged.

When a connection was made between acetylsalicylic acid and an increased risk for Reye’s syndrome, which can cause liver problems and brain swelling, recommendations on use was changed. Children under the age of 12, unless they have a congenital heart defect requiring anti-clotting drugs, shouldn’t use aspirin, and it should never be used in kids with stomach flu, respiratory illnesses or chicken pox. These infections elevate the risk for Reyes. Baby aspirin is still available because its 81 mg size is the recommended daily anti- platelet dose. Not all people tolerate acetylsalicylic acid well. Frequent use is linked to an increased risk of stomach ulcers. People who use more than the recommended dose may also develop ringing in the ears. A few people have intolerance to salicylates, which is expressed with a rash or hives upon taking the drug. Additional recommendations exist for acetylsalicylic acid use. It shouldn’t be taken with other medications that increase blood-thinning properties like other NSAIDs or drugs likes warfarin . Using other NSAIDs concurrently also creates greater stomach irritation and risk for ulcers.

Other drugs may interact with aspirin too, and people with complex medical conditions should consult their doctors prior to using ASA. New developments of drugs in the mid 20th century somewhat dimmed the popularity of aspirin. As acetaminophen and ibuprofen came onto the scene, acetylsalicylic acid wasn’t always the first preferred drug, and combined with its possible risks to children, sale of aspirin diminished. The drug’s benefits from a cardiac perspective have recently increased sales, and new findings on problems with acetaminophen have many people returning to aspirin use. Ad How Aspirin Can Work for Back Pain How Aspirin Can Work for Back Pain Search the site By Anne Asher, CPT - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. Updated November 23, 2016 Aspirin for Back Pain The use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in some form is nearly as old as civilization itself. Hippocrates, and even the ancient Egyptians used an early form of it (salicin, from the white willow tree) to treat pain and fever.

Aspirin as a medicine to treat pain was developed by the Bayer company in the 1800s. More recently, aspirin has become a therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease and stroke, but using it in this way should be done according to your doctor's recommendations. Drug Class and Category of Aspirin Categorized as an analgesic , aspirin is an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication , or NSAID. NSAIDs are used to relieve pain and inflammation . In some of these types of drugs, aspirin is the sole ingredient, while in others, it is combined with other(s). How Aspirin Works Aspirin treats pain, fever, and inflammation. It can be used for muscle pain, arthritis , minor injuries, and other conditions. Aspirin is available in tablet and capsule form, as gum or as a suppository. The tablets may be plain aspirin, enteric-coated, extended release, buffered or chew-able. If you take an extended release or enteric-coated tablets, take them whole - do not crush or chew. Like other NSAIDs, aspirin works by preventing chemicals (called prostaglandins) from being formed.

The body makes a variety of prostaglandins - each with a different function. What's the purpose of a prostaglandin? The short answer is it varies. Some bring about inflammation. Others relay pain signals, help blood clots to form, or maintain the health of the lining of the stomach. As aspirin blocks the creation of these prostaglandins, it may contribute to, among other things, prevention of pain and/or inflammation. When you take aspirin, it is distributed all around the body; this means along with pain relief, it may exert its effects in unintended places, as well. Side Effects Side effects associated with aspirin are generally rare, but they can occur. After you swallow an aspirin, its active ingredient is released in your stomach. Recall that prostaglandins play a role in blood clotting as well as maintaining the stomach lining. As aspirin inhibits the formation of prostaglandins, it may lead to bleeding in the GI (gastrointestinal tract. Side effects in the GI tract can also include irritation or ulcers. If you have a peptic ulcer, aspirin may cause a recurrence.

Some people try to minimize or avoid GI-related side effects by taking an enteric-coated form of the drug. The thinking is that enteric-coated aspirin waits until it reaches the small intestine before it dissolves. (This is because the pH in the small intestine is more alkaline than it is in the stomach.) The problem is, this strategy doesn't lower the risk of GI tract problems related to taking aspirin. In fact, it may even be harmful. The Berkeley Wellness newsletter says enteric coated aspirin is designed to minimize stomach discomfort, which is a different issue than reducing the risk of GI tract bleeding. Plus, some prostaglandins (and thromboxanes, another substance that aspirin blocks) are beneficial to your stomach. But aspirin is an equal opportunity blocker, meaning these useful chemicals will also be pr. ed from forming. The Berkeley Wellness explains that the systemic effect of taking aspirin - regardless of where in the body the aspirin dissolves - is what often leads to stomach bleeding. Other Aspirin Side Effects and Complications Aspirin allergy also may occur in some individuals, which would take the form of hives, facial swelling, wheezing and/or shock.

People with GI tract, liver or kidney problems, allergy to aspirin or other NSAIDS, should check with their doctor before taking aspirin. Aspirin sometimes causes ringing in the ears and/or partial deafness. If hearing problems occur after you take aspirin, call your doctor immediately. Alcohol and aspirin are not a good mix. Taking alcohol with aspirin can increase the risk of stomach bleeding or otherwise affect how the drug works in your body. Ask your doctor or read the label carefully to find out the maximum number of drinks you can have between doses. Aspirin and Children - a Special Warning Aspirin and kids don't always mix. Aspirin is known to cause a rare disease in minors called Reye's Syndrome, which has devastating and even lethal outcomes. If you do give aspirin to your child, monitor them carefully to be sure they are not taking more than the recommended dose. Overdosing is particularly dangerous in children. One effective way to do this is to keep the aspirin bottle out of their reach. Another is to never give a child an adult version of aspirin. Symptoms in children that require immediate medical attention include changes in behavior, drowsiness, and/or fast or deep breathing.

Problem 9.66 Problem 9.66 The compound whose Lewis structure is shown below is acetylsalicylic acid, better known as aspirin: (a)What are the approximate values of the bond angles marked 1, 2, and 3? Recall our adventures doing this same thing using the VSEPR theory: we count electron pairs about the central atom in the bond, and look at how we can arrange these pairs in space to minimize electron-pair repulsion. Remember to count multiple bonds as a single pair for purposes of geometry. For angle 1, the central carbon has three pairs; the bond angles are therefore 120o. The central carbon in angle 2 also has three pairs, and the bond angle is 120o also. The central oxygen atom in angle 3 is surrounded by four electron pairs; the bond angles are therefore tetrahedral (approx. 109.5o.) (b)What hybrid orbitals are used about the central atom of each of these angles? Now, we must relate the idea of hybrid orbitals to VSEPR.

Since the central carbon in angle 1 is surrounded by three pairs arranged at 120o angles, we ask which set of hybrid orbitals would fill the bill. This is the sp2 hybrid set (the lone unhybridized p orbital is responsible for the pi bonding.) The central carbon in angle 2 also uses the sp2 set for the same reasons. The central oxygen atom in angle 3 uses the sp3 set: we have four hybrid orbitals, each of which point to the vertices of a tetrahedron. (c)How many s bonds are in the molecule? A single bond is a s bond, and a double bond consists of a s and a p bond.

Here, we have 21 s bonds (and 5 p bonds, which are delocalized.) If you have any questions or comments, reply to chapman@sou.edu Acetylsalicylic acid | definition of acetylsalicylic acid by Medical dictionary Acetylsalicylic acid | definition of acetylsalicylic acid by Medical dictionary aspirin [as´pĭ-rin] acetylsalicylic acid , a common nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug used to relieve pain and reduce fever, and specifically prescribed for rheumatic and arthritic disorders. See salicylate for adverse reactions and poisoning. Aspirin should not be given to children who have viral infections, because this has been associated with the subsequent development of reye's syndrome . Because it interferes with platelet aggregation, aspirin has some value in the treatment of clotting disorders. It is given as a prophylactic measure to patients at risk for myocardial infarction or stroke syndrome and to those at risk of thromboembolism after certain surgical procedures. Administered orally or rectally.

acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Alka (UK), Angettes (UK), Apo-Asa (CA), Apo-ASEN (CA), Arthrinol (CA), Arthrisin (CA), Artria S.R. (CA), ASA, Aspercin, Aspergum, Aspir-Low, Aspirtab, Astrin (CA), Bayer, Caprin (UK), Coryphen (CA), Dispirin (UK), Easprin, Ecotrin, Enpirin (UK), Entrophen (CA), Halfprin, Headache Tablet (CA), Micoprin (UK), Novasen (CA), Nu-Seals (UK), PMS-ASA (CA), PostMl (UK), Sal-Adult (CA), Sal-Infant (CA), St.

Joseph, Supasa (CA), ZORprin Pharmacologic class: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Therapeutic class: Nonopioid analgesic, antipyretic, antiplatelet drug Pregnancy risk category C (with full dose in third trimester: D) Pregnancy risk category C (with full dose in third trimester: D) Action Reduces pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin production. Fever reduction mechanism unknown; may be linked to decrease in endogenous pyrogens in hypothalamus resulting from prostaglandin inhibition. Exerts antiplatelet effect by inhibiting synthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2.

Availability Suppositories: 60 mg, 120 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 325 mg, 600 mg, 650 mg Tablets: 81 mg, 325 mg, 500 mg Tablets (chewable): 81 mg Tablets (enteric-coated, delayed-release): 81 mg, 162 mg, 325 mg, 500 mg, 650 mg, 975 mg Tablets (extended-release): 650 mg, 800 mg Tablets (film-coated): 325 mg, 500 mg ⊘Indications and dosages ➣ Mild pain or fever Adults: 325 to 500 mg P.O. q 3 hours, or 325 to 650 mg P.O. q 4 hours, or 650 to 1,000 mg P.O. q 6 hours, to a maximum dosage of 4,000 mg/day.

Extended-release tablets-650 mg to 1,300 mg q 8 hours, not to exceed 3,900 mg/day; or 800 mg q 12 hours. Children: 10 to 15 mg/kg P.O. or P.R. q 4 hours, not to exceed total daily dosage of 3.6 g, or up to 60 to 80 mg/kg/day. See chart below. ➣ Mild to moderate pain caused by inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis) Adults: Initially, 2,400 to 3,600 mg P.O. daily in divided doses. Dosage may be increased by 325 to 1,200 mg daily at intervals of at least 1 week. Usual maintenance dosage is 3.6 to 5.4 g/day P.O. in divided doses, to a maximum dosage of 6 g/day. ➣ Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Children: 60 to 130 mg/kg/day P.O.

in children weighing 25 kg (55 lb) or less, or 2,400 to 3,600 mg P.O. daily in children weighing more than 25 kg P.O.; give in divided doses q 6 to 8 hours. ➣ Acute rheumatic fever Adults: 5 to 8 g/day P.O. in divided doses Children: Initially, 100 mg/kg/day P.O. in individual doses for first 2 weeks; then maintenance dosage of 75 mg/kg/day P.O. in divided doses for next 4 to 6 weeks ➣ To reduce the risk of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or cerebrovascular accident in men with a history of TIAs caused by emboli Adults: 650 mg P.O. b.i.d. or 325 mg P.O. q.i.d. ➣ To reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with a history of MI or unstable angina Adults: 75 to 325 mg/day P.O. ➣ Kawasaki disease Children: Initially during acute febrile period, 80 to 180 mg/kg/day P.O.

in four divided doses. Maintenance dosage is 3 to 10 mg/kg/day given as a single dose for up to 8 weeks or until platelet count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate return to normal. ➣ Thromboembolic disorders Adults: 325 to 650 mg P.O. once or twice daily Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to salicylates, other NSAIDs, or tartrazine • Renal impairment • Hemorrhagic states or blood coagulation defects • Vitamin K deficiency caused by dehydration • Concurrent anticoagulant use • Pregnancy (third trimester) or breastfeeding Precautions Use with extreme caution, if at all, in: • hepatic disorders, anemia, asthma, gastritis, Hodgkin's disease • heart failure or other conditions in which high sodium content is harmful (buffered aspirin) • patients receiving other salicylates or NSAIDs concurrently • elderly patients • children and adolescents. Administration ☞ Never administer to child or adolescent who has signs or symptoms of chickenpox or flulike illness. ☞ Don't give within 6 weeks after administration of live varicella virus vaccine, because of risk of Reye's syndrome.

• Give with food or large amounts of water or milk to minimize GI irritation. • Know that extended-release and enteric-coated forms are best for long-term therapy. • Be aware that aspirin should be discontinued at least 1 week before surgery because it may inhibit platelet aggregation.

Adverse reactions EENT: hearing loss, tinnitus, ototoxicity GI: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, heartburn, anorexia, GI bleeding Hematologic: thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, shortened red blood cell life span Hepatic: hepatotoxicity Respiratory: wheezing, hyperpnea, pulmonary edema with toxicity Skin: rash, urticaria, bruising, angioedema Other: hypersensitivity reactions, salicylism or acute toxicity Interactions Drug-drug.Acidifying drugs (such as ammonium chloride): increased salicylate blood level Activated charcoal: decreased salicylate absorption Alkalinizing drugs (such as antacids): decreased salicylate blood level Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: decreased antihypertensive effect Anticoagulants, NSAIDs, thrombolytics: increased bleeding risk Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (such as acetazolamide): salicylism Corticosteroids: increased salicylate excretion and decreased blood level Furosemide: increased diuretic effect

 Live varicella virus vaccine: increased risk of Reye's syndrome Methotrexate: decreased methotrexate excretion and increased blood level, causing greater risk of toxicity Nizatidine: increased salicylate blood level Spironolactone: decreased spironolactone effect PMS-ASA | definition of PMS-ASA by Medical dictionary PMS-ASA | definition of PMS-ASA by Medical dictionary Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Encyclopedia .

aspirin [as´pĭ-rin] acetylsalicylic acid , a common nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug used to relieve pain and reduce fever, and specifically prescribed for rheumatic and arthritic disorders. See salicylate for adverse reactions and poisoning. Aspirin should not be given to children who have viral infections, because this has been associated with the subsequent development of reye's syndrome . Because it interferes with platelet aggregation, aspirin has some value in the treatment of clotting disorders. It is given as a prophylactic measure to patients at risk for myocardial infarction or stroke syndrome and to those at risk of thromboembolism after certain surgical procedures. Administered orally or rectally. acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Alka (UK), Angettes (UK), Apo-Asa (CA), Apo-ASEN (CA), Arthrinol (CA), Arthrisin (CA), Artria S.R.

(CA), ASA, Aspercin, Aspergum, Aspir-Low, Aspirtab, Astrin (CA), Bayer, Caprin (UK), Coryphen (CA), Dispirin (UK), Easprin, Ecotrin, Enpirin (UK), Entrophen (CA), Halfprin, Headache Tablet (CA), Micoprin (UK), Novasen (CA), Nu-Seals (UK), PMS-ASA (CA), PostMl (UK), Sal-Adult (CA), Sal-Infant (CA), St. Joseph, Supasa (CA), ZORprin Pharmacologic class: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Therapeutic class: Nonopioid analgesic, antipyretic, antiplatelet drug Pregnancy risk category C (with full dose in third trimester: D) Pregnancy risk category C (with full dose in third trimester: D) Action Reduces pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin production. Fever reduction mechanism unknown; may be linked to decrease in endogenous pyrogens in hypothalamus resulting from prostaglandin inhibition.

Exerts antiplatelet effect by inhibiting synthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. Availability Suppositories: 60 mg, 120 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 325 mg, 600 mg, 650 mg Tablets: 81 mg, 325 mg, 500 mg Tablets (chewable): 81 mg Tablets (enteric-coated, delayed-release): 81 mg, 162 mg, 325 mg, 500 mg, 650 mg, 975 mg Tablets (extended-release): 650 mg, 800 mg Tablets (film-coated): 325 mg, 500 mg ⊘Indications and dosages ➣ Mild pain or fever Adults: 325 to 500 mg P.O. q 3 hours, or 325 to 650 mg P.O. q 4 hours, or 650 to 1,000 mg P.O.

q 6 hours, to a maximum dosage of 4,000 mg/day. Extended-release tablets-650 mg to 1,300 mg q 8 hours, not to exceed 3,900 mg/day; or 800 mg q 12 hours. Children: 10 to 15 mg/kg P.O. or P.R. q 4 hours, not to exceed total daily dosage of 3.6 g, or up to 60 to 80 mg/kg/day. See chart below. ➣ Mild to moderate pain caused by inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis) Adults: Initially, 2,400 to 3,600 mg P.O. daily in divided doses. Dosage may be increased by 325 to 1,200 mg daily at intervals of at least 1 week. Usual maintenance dosage is 3.6 to 5.4 g/day P.O. in divided doses, to a maximum dosage of 6 g/day. ➣ Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Children: 60 to 130 mg/kg/day P.O.

in children weighing 25 kg (55 lb) or less, or 2,400 to 3,600 mg P.O. daily in children weighing more than 25 kg P.O.; give in divided doses q 6 to 8 hours. ➣ Acute rheumatic fever Adults: 5 to 8 g/day P.O. in divided doses Children: Initially, 100 mg/kg/day P.O. in individual doses for first 2 weeks; then maintenance dosage of 75 mg/kg/day P.O. in divided doses for next 4 to 6 weeks ➣ To reduce the risk of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or cerebrovascular accident in men with a history of TIAs caused by emboli Adults: 650 mg P.O. b.i.d. or 325 mg P.O. q.i.d. ➣ To reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with a history of MI or unstable angina Adults: 75 to 325 mg/day P.O. ➣ Kawasaki disease Children: Initially during acute febrile period, 80 to 180 mg/kg/day P.O.

in four divided doses. Maintenance dosage is 3 to 10 mg/kg/day given as a single dose for up to 8 weeks or until platelet count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate return to normal. ➣ Thromboembolic disorders Adults: 325 to 650 mg P.O. once or twice daily Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to salicylates, other NSAIDs, or tartrazine • Renal impairment • Hemorrhagic states or blood coagulation defects • Vitamin K deficiency caused by dehydration • Concurrent anticoagulant use • Pregnancy (third trimester) or breastfeeding Precautions Use with extreme caution, if at all, in: • hepatic disorders, anemia, asthma, gastritis, Hodgkin's disease • heart failure or other conditions in which high sodium content is harmful (buffered aspirin) • patients receiving other salicylates or NSAIDs concurrently • elderly patients • children and adolescents. Administration ☞ Never administer to child or adolescent who has signs or symptoms of chickenpox or flulike illness. ☞ Don't give within 6 weeks after administration of live varicella virus vaccine, because of risk of Reye's syndrome.

• Give with food or large amounts of water or milk to minimize GI irritation. • Know that extended-release and enteric-coated forms are best for long-term therapy. • Be aware that aspirin should be discontinued at least 1 week before surgery because it may inhibit platelet aggregation.

Adverse reactions EENT: hearing loss, tinnitus, ototoxicity GI: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, heartburn, anorexia, GI bleeding Hematologic: thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, shortened red blood cell life span Hepatic: hepatotoxicity Respiratory: wheezing, hyperpnea, pulmonary edema with toxicity Skin: rash, urticaria, bruising, angioedema Other: hypersensitivity reactions, salicylism or acute toxicity Interactions Drug-drug.Acidifying drugs (such as ammonium chloride): increased salicylate blood level Activated charcoal: decreased salicylate absorption Alkalinizing drugs (such as antacids): decreased salicylate blood level Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: decreased antihypertensive effect Anticoagulants, NSAIDs, thrombolytics: increased bleeding risk Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (such as acetazolamide): salicylism Corticosteroids: increased salicylate excretion and decreased blood level Furosemide: increased diuretic effect

 Live varicella virus vaccine: increased risk of Reye's syndrome Methotrexate: decreased methotrexate excretion and increased blood level, causing greater risk of toxicity Nizatidine: increased salicylate blood level Spironolactone: decreased spironolactone effect Acetylsalicylic - definition of Acetylsalicylic by The Free Dictionary Acetylsalicylic - definition of Acetylsalicylic by The Free Dictionary Related to Acetylsalicylic: acetylsalicylic acid as·pi·rin (ăs′pər-ĭn, -prĭn) n.

pl. aspirin or as·pi·rins 1. A white, crystalline compound, C9H8O4, derived from salicylic acid and commonly used in tablet form to relieve pain and reduce fever and inflammation. It is also used as an antiplatelet agent. Also called acetylsalicylic acid. 2. A tablet of aspirin. [Originally a trademark.] (ˈæsprɪn) n, pl -rin or -rins 1. (Pharmacology) a white crystalline compound widely used in the form of tablets to relieve pain and fever, to reduce inflammation, and to prevent strokes. Formula: CH3COOC6H4COOH. Chemical name: acetylsalicylic acid 2. (Pharmacology) a tablet of aspirin [C19: from German, from A(cetyl) + Spir(säure) spiraeic acid (modern salicylic acid) + -in; see also spiraea] as•pi•rin (ˈæs pər ɪn, -prɪn) n., pl. -rin, -rins. 1.

a white, crystalline substance, C9H8O4, derivative of salicylic acid, used as an anti-inflammatory agent and to relieve pain and fever; acetylsalicylic acid. 2. a tablet of this. [1899; < German, orig. a trademark, =A(cetyl) acetyl + Spir(säure) salicylic acid (see spirea ) + -in -in 1] as·pi·rin (ăs′pər-ĭn, ăs′prĭn) A white crystalline compound derived from salicylic acid and used as a drug to relieve fever and pain. Also called acetylsalicylic acid. Did You Know? The forest may not look like a drugstore. Nevertheless, plants have always provided humans with powerful medicine. For example, we no longer eat the bark of willow trees when we have headaches, but for thousands of years, people in pain did just that. About 100 years ago, scientists studying willow bark figured out how it could be used to make acetylsalicylic acid, better known as aspirin.

Aspirin and willow bark get broken down in the stomach to supply us with the same powerful painkiller. Quinine, which people use to control the fevers of the disease malaria, originally came from the cinchona tree. Just recently, researchers developed a new cancer drug, taxol, from the needles of yew trees. In fact, about 45 percent of all cancer drugs are either natural products or slightly altered natural chemicals that scientists tinkered with to make more potent. Researchers still study traditional plant remedies in the hopes of finding even more medicines from nature. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Acetylsalicyclic acid - definition of Acetylsalicyclic acid by The Free Dictionary Acetylsalicyclic acid - definition of Acetylsalicyclic acid by The Free Dictionary (ăs′pər-ĭn, -prĭn) n. pl. aspirin or as·pi·rins 1. A white, crystalline compound, C9H8O4, derived from salicylic acid and commonly used in tablet form to relieve pain and reduce fever and inflammation. It is also used as an antiplatelet agent.

Also called acetylsalicylic acid. 2. A tablet of aspirin. [Originally a trademark.] (ˈæsprɪn) n, pl -rin or -rins 1. (Pharmacology) a white crystalline compound widely used in the form of tablets to relieve pain and fever, to reduce inflammation, and to prevent strokes. Formula: CH3COOC6H4COOH. Chemical name: acetylsalicylic acid 2. (Pharmacology) a tablet of aspirin [C19: from German, from A(cetyl) + Spir(säure) spiraeic acid (modern salicylic acid) + -in; see also spiraea] as•pi•rin (ˈæs pər ɪn, -prɪn) n., pl. -rin, -rins. 1. a white, crystalline substance, C9H8O4, derivative of salicylic acid, used as an anti-inflammatory agent and to relieve pain and fever; acetylsalicylic acid. 2. a tablet of this. [1899; < German, orig.

a trademark, =A(cetyl) acetyl + Spir(säure) salicylic acid (see spirea ) + -in -in 1] as·pi·rin (ăs′pər-ĭn, ăs′prĭn) A white crystalline compound derived from salicylic acid and used as a drug to relieve fever and pain. Also called acetylsalicylic acid. Did You Know? The forest may not look like a drugstore. Nevertheless, plants have always provided humans with powerful medicine. For example, we no longer eat the bark of willow trees when we have headaches, but for thousands of years, people in pain did just that. About 100 years ago, scientists studying willow bark figured out how it could be used to make acetylsalicylic acid, better known as aspirin. Aspirin and willow bark get broken down in the stomach to supply us with the same powerful painkiller. Quinine, which people use to control the fevers of the disease malaria, originally came from the cinchona tree. Just recently, researchers developed a new cancer drug, taxol, from the needles of yew trees.

In fact, about 45 percent of all cancer drugs are either natural products or slightly altered natural chemicals that scientists tinkered with to make more potent. Researchers still study traditional plant remedies in the hopes of finding even more medicines from nature. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:

Question: How is acetylsalicylic acid better known
Answer: Aspirin