1000+ images about 1854-1936 London, Crystal Palace at Sydenham on Pinterest | London location, Search and The crystals Forward Crystal Palace Railway Station, Norwood, London.(Photo Alsop.c.1908) This station opened in 1865 and closed in 1954. It was designed for visitors to the Crystal Palace and the Great Exhibition. The station could cope with 7-8000 passengers an hour. The arches housed a ticket office, a cafe and waiting room. See More The rebuilding at Sydenham, 1852-1854 - The Crystal Palace Foundation The rebuilding at Sydenham, 1852-1854 Share via The rebuilding at Sydenham, 1852-1854 The Hyde Park Crystal Palace building was purchased by the Crystal Palace Company for £70,000 (over £3.5 million today) from Fox & Henderson and on 5th August 1852 rebuilding began. During a time of high unemployment the project provided jobs for over 7,000 workmen.

On Monday 15th August 1853 a serious accident occurred when tons of scaffolding supporting the centre transept collapsed and killed twelve construction workers. The company hired dozens of experts to work on the project. Amongst these were Matthew Digby Wyatt and Owen Jones who travelled the world making plaster casts of the best statuary and to design a series of historical fine art courts for the new building. Each court illustrated a particular period in the history of art. Augustus Pugin's Mediaeval Court from the Great Exhibition was there together with courts illustrating Egyptian, Alhambra, Roman, Renaissance, Chinese, Pompeian, and Grecian art and many others. These were arranged in chronological order around the outside of the building. Raffaele Monti was hired to design and build much of the external statuary around the fountain basins, and the urns, tazzas and vases. Edward Milner designed the grounds constructing the Italian Garden and fountains (opening two years late) consisting of nearly 12,000 jets, water temples and cascades and three lakes to feed them, the Great Maze, and the English Landscape Garden.

The fountains were far to costly too run and were only used on special occasions, requiring over 7 million gallons of water for one display, so they became rusty and abandoned. The two largest were grassed over in 1894 and the south basin was converted to a football stadium in 1895 and was used for FA Cup Finals until 1914. Messrs Loddiges of Hackney were contracted at prodigious cost to supply the plants and ferns for the building and grounds. Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins constructed the world's first life-size models of dinosaurs (now nationally listed Grade I), and Isambard Kingdom Brunel stepped in to design and build the two 46ft-diameter, 284ft-tall brick water towers after Wild's design had failed. Considerable extra work and material was required to construct the new building. It had five storeys instead of the original three and, because of the additional length, north and south transepts were added to the centre or main transept to give balance the building. The floor area was nearly half as much again as the original.

The original building in Hyde Park was constructed for little more than £150,000 (over 7.5 million today) but the much-enlarged Sydenham building, combined with the huge expenditure required on the grounds, all but used up the original £500,000 before the building was even half finished. The balance was raised with various share issues and resulted in a final bill of nearly £1,300,000 (over £50.5 million today) - some £800,000 (over £40 million today) over budget! In the 82 years of its life the Crystal Palace never shook off this debt or the resultant problems and only rarely made the very smallest of profits. Copyright Crystal Palace Foundation 2012 Compiled By Melvyn Harrison, Chairman © 2017 The Crystal Palace Foundation, specialists in the 1851 Great Exhibition, the Sydenham Crystal Palace and Crystal Palace Park Crystal Palace - encyclopedia article - Citizendium This editable Main Article has an approved citable version (see its Citable Version subpage ).

While we have done conscientious work, we cannot guarantee that this Main Article, or its citable version, is wholly free of mistakes. By helping to improve this editable Main Article, you will help the process of generating a new, improved citable version. Approved articles are currently in transition to the new 'Citable Versions' format. If you actually cannot edit this page, add your contributions to the draft version . [ edit intro ] "Last Promenade at the Crystal Palace" 1852. Note the tree completely enclosed by the Palace structure; preserving the trees was one of the provisos insisted upon when it was built at Hyde Park. The Crystal Palace was a glass and iron structure built to house the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in Hyde Park , London , in 1851. After the Exhibition, it was moved and expanded and rebuilt on Sydenham Hill overlooking London, where it enjoyed a second life from 1854 until a horrific fire destroyed it in 1936.

The Crystal Palace is a significant structure in many ways: it was the first structure of its size assembled from prefabricated parts; its system of horizontal trusses has since become one of the most widely-used construction methods in the world; it was at the time the world's largest enclosed open-air structure; and its success inspired the building of similar structures around the world, from the New York Crystal Palace in New York City to the Kibble Palace in Glasgow . It also symbolizes technological prowess and imperial power of enormous historical and cultural significance. In its second incarnation in Sydenham as a suburban pleasure palace it drew crowds away from the central metropolis and was also a concert hall, famous for its performances of Handel with a massed orchestra, choir, and the Palace's enormous organ; a recording of such a performance in 1888 is the earliest known recording of live music in existence. Its exterior park, with fountains, terraces, and an outdoor exhibition of life-size dinosaur sculptures, was also highly influential. It also housed, from 1933 to 1936, the experimental studios of the Baird television company, which made regular short-wave broadcasts from its South Tower.

Contents Planning and construction Sir Joseph Paxton's original rough sketch of his plans for the Crystal Palace The Commissioners originally envisioned the building that would house the Great Exhibition as a substantial, permanent structure of brick and stone, and the initial proposals reflected this. However, with the choice of Hyde Park for the exhibition's site, many were concerned about the impact of such a large, fixed structure on the park's open areas, which defenders hailed as one of the "lungs of the metropolis." Sir Joseph Paxton then informally approached one of the commissioners, sketching out a rough elevation (shown at left) of a multi-story glass structure, with cast iron uprights and supports. He claimed it could be speedily built, incorporate existing trees inside its structure, and be removed afterward, thus preserving Hyde Park as a green space. Although encouraged that it was not too late to submit his alternative plans, Paxton had just nine days to submit his final bid. So he called upon the Messrs Fox and Henderson , the only firm he knew capable of manufacturing and installing such an enormous amount of glass, and their detailed proposal cost £150,000.

However, since the building materials could be taken down and re-used, the firm offered to undertake the job for only £79,800, a mere fraction of the amount contemplated under the plan for a permanent structure. With Paxton's proposal in hand, the commissioners laid out a remarkable new set of criteria, including a much-reduced budget and a requirement that any structure built be dismantled when the Exhibition concluded. Paxton's proposal, as the commissioners well knew, was now the only one meeting the new standards, so it was speedily approved. Some criticized the choice, as Paxton had only previously built greenhouses for the gardens of nobility, none of which had been nearly as large as the proposed structure. Colonel Sibthorp , a conservative MP with a history of bees in his bonnet, took up the charge against the plan, complaining that the trees would be suffocated, the grass killed off, and helpless exhibition-goers cut to ribbons by falling glass. Sibthorp's criticisms failed to derail the commissioners, however, and the builder's speed and skill spurred popular support.

In the end, when Queen Victoria and Prince Albert arrived for the grand opening of the building, the beauty, practicality, and strength of Paxton's designs were immediately evident, and the building was hailed as a new wonder of the world. William Makepeace Thackeray , writing for Punch , dubbed the building a "Crystal Palace," and it was known by that name for the rest of its existence. The Great Exhibition The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, 1851 (photographer unknown) The preparations for the Great Exhibition were considerable. In addition to the construction itself—which involved some 900,000 square feet of glass , and the decorative color-scheme that required the labor of 500 painters—the interior of the building was enormous. With 11 miles of stalls and over 100,000 individual exhibits, assembling the interior required the constant labor of 2,000 men for three months. With exhibits ranging from the gargantuan (entire railway-engines and enormous pistons ) to the mundane (galleries filled with linen cloth, patented invalid chairs, and galvanized walking-sticks), the sheer size and variety of material was an attraction in itself.

And yet, until the opening day, the public had to be content to see hundreds of "Pickford's Vans" (horse-drawn moving carts of the day) admitted daily to the sanctuary, screened from view by vast wooden hoardings. On May 1, 1851, together with Prince Albert, Queen Victoria officially opened the Exhibition at the Palace. The massive and ornate opening ceremonies included a procession with the Royal Family, leading military officials, and the Duke of Wellington . Thirty thousand ticketed guests filled the Palace to capacity while half a million others stood outside in the park. The Queen and the Prince Consort ascended to a specially-built, velvet-draped dais in the central transept , and stood while the great organ played ' God Save the Queen .' The Prince read briefly from the Commissioners' report for the Exhibition, and the Archbishop of Canterbury offered a prayer. The emotion which attended the event is palpable in the account of the Times of London : "There was today witnessed a sight the like of which has never happened before and which in the nature of things cannot be repeated.

They who were so fortunate as to see it hardly knew what most to admire, or in what form to clothe the sense of wonder and even of mystery which struggled within them. The edifice, the treasures of art collected therein, the assemblage, and the solemnity of the occasion, all conspired to suggest something more than sense could scan, or imagination attain." Move to Sydenham Despite a number of proposals to retain the Crystal Palace at the Hyde Park site, perhaps as a "Winter Garden," the Commissioners remained firm, and Fox and Henderson were eager to reclaim the raw materials. And, despite its enormous success; there was a sense that it was time for the Palace to go; as Henry Morley wrote in Dickens's magazine Household Words : "The success of the Exhibition has been perfect. It is the grandest feature of the age in which we live. It is the property of 1851, and must be history to 1852. It must go, and we wish it to go,–its part will have been played, and it must not remain superfluous upon the stage." [1] Yet even though the materials were valuable, their primary value lay in their ability to be re-assembled.

The cost of such an operation persuaded a number of people that a new, permanent site, and an expanded Palace, would be best envisioned as a private undertaking. The Crystal Palace Company was therefore formed with Paxton as its chairman, and £500,000 in private capital was raised. A site was found in Penge , Sydenham , atop a large hill which had been part of Penge Park . In Roman times, the hill had been a site for bonfire beacons to warn Londoners of peril; now it would be a beacon of "crystal light," a radiant city on a hill accessible to Londoners in search of an escape from their grimy metropolis. Construction workers eating a meal during the building of the Sydenham Crystal Palace, 1854. Paxton's new plans called for a structure more than half again as large as the original, and nearly twice as high. The new Palace was to have five rather than three stories, and in addition to its now-enormous central transept, it required two lesser transepts, one at either end, to balance out the design.

The area of glass required was now 1,650,000 square feet, such that the glass from the original palace filled less than two-thirds of the need. Inevitably, such ambition overreached the estimated cost, and the half-million pounds was quickly exhausted. Additional shares were easy to come by, however, and assured that the result would be a success. The company raised a further £800,000 to complete the Palace, landscape its grounds, and install an enormous system of fountains and water-works (the two towers were added to provide space for the water-tanks). Construction began in 1853 and was completed in 1854; everything went smoothly, with one dramatic exception, an accident in which the scaffolding for one of the massive arches in the central transept collapsed, killing twelve men. The Palace was re-opened and re-dedicated in 1854, again with Queen Victoria performing the honors, and again with still a larger orchestra, a larger pipe organ, and the largest mass chorus ever yet assembled in Britain.

Some landmarks of the old Palace, such as Osler's Crystal Fountain, remained, but whole new galleries of art -- much of it plaster casts of sculpture from around the world -- beckoned the curious. At one end, a nearly full-size replica of the statues of Abu Simbel was erected to oversee the "Egyptian Court," while other dining and shopping areas, based on the original Palace, such as Pugin's Medieval Court, were located throughout the building. Concerts and fireworks One of Brock's incendiary set-pieces celebrating the reign of Queen Victoria in 1901 For its first two decades, the Crystal Palace was a tremendous success as a holiday destination, but only a modest financial success. The great cost of upkeep of its grounds, fountains, and interior spaces was never quite covered by ticket receipts, and as time wore on, both patrons and exhibitors were inclined to want to pay a bit less for their privileges. A dedicated railway line to the Palace proved a success, and was connected to the main building by a cloister-like underground passageway, whose vaulted ceilings survive to this day.

Thursday evenings at the Palace quickly became de rigueur for Londoners, who took in the park and grounds and then settled in on the enormous terraces for an evening of Mr. Brock's fireworks displays, which featured gigantic set-pieces depicting patriotic scenes, such as St. George slaying the dragon. Balloon ascents, and even races, were another popular fixture. The Palace suffered a fire in 1867, ironically just two days before a certain Rev. H.M. Hart was to lecture on "Fire, what causes it, and how it is extinguished," which nearly destroyed the North Transept. The Alhambra Court, the Assyrian Court, and the entire department of tropical plants were all destroyed, as were the replica figures of Abu Simbel. It required two years to rebuild that end of the Palace, but due to the cost, the transept was not rebuilt, but simply finished off at the same elevation as the rest of the building. Later years Poster for the Imperial War Museum while it was housed at Crystal Palace. As the nineteenth century wore on, the financial health of the Company grew ever weaker. Everything that attracted people to the park was expensive, but fees could never recover the entire expense.

The Company survived by selling off tracts of parkland to local developers for housing estates, but by 1911 their situation was dire. They declared bankruptcy, and the property might have been auctioned off had it not been saved at the last minute by Lord Plymouth, who purchased it in order to "save it for the people." Lord Plymouth's generosity stirred public support, and s a subscription was taken up to reimburse him for his kindness; with these funds it was then re-purchased in 1912, becoming the "property of the Nation." Unfortunately, the Nation was just then in the midst of a war, and the Palace was requisitioned as a naval barracks, dubbed "HMS Victory IV" by its denizens. For a time, it served as a temporary warehouse for the Imperial War Museum , but the poor condition of the building cried out for greater renovation. In 1920, Sir Henry Buckland began his efforts to repair and upgrade the Palace; he renovated the interior and repaired the long-dry fountains. Among his tasks was locating tenants for the largely empty structure, and in this he enjoyed at least a modest success.

Final decade and destruction By the late 1920s, the Palace was at least somewhat back on its feet. Patrick Beaver, author of a well-respected book on the Palace, describes his schoolboy visits during this time: "On afternoons during the school holidays, and always on a Thursday so as not to miss the fireworks, a schoolfriend and I used to visit the Crystal Palace, arriving early in the morning and leaving when it closed at about 10 p.m.. For the best part of the day we usually had the entire forty-four million cubic feet to ourselves . . . I remember the echo of our footsteps and voices in the great emptiness of the nave . . . the souvenir stands had gone long ago and the bars and refreshment rooms were always closed. [2] On the evening of November 30th, 1936, Sir Henry Buckland, alerted by a neighbor, ran out of his nearby home to see an ominous glow rising from the Palace's central nave. He at once summoned the local fire brigade, and sent a man up the hill to tell the members of an orchestra, who he knew were having a late rehearsal, that there was no immediate danger.

On his return, the man told Sir Henry that the musicians had fled, and the concert rooms were already afire. The Palace was doomed, and rather like Thomas Andrews aboard the Titanic , Sir Henry knew it. Nevertheless, if anything could be done, he felt he must do it. The Penge Fire Brigade were the first to arrive, and quickly realized that the fire far exceeded their resources to contain. Eventually 389 firefighters and 89 engines would be summoned, but there was little they could do other than to prevent the spread of the fire to adjoining buildings. The Crystal Palace on fire. As described by an eyewitness, the sight of the end of the Palace was quite as moving, though in an opposite fashion, as had been its opening by Queen Victoria eighty-two years previous: "Great crashes and explosions could be heard, and billowing mountains of spark-filled clouds, about twice the height of the 350-ft. towers, rolled away over South Kent, flaming with the glow of the fire . . . when we got to the Crystal Palace parade at the top of the hill, we found a seething mass of people -- cars, bicycles, and pedestrians -- and still more thousands streaming up from every hill and road.

Fire-engines trying to run out their hoses; cars and bicycles and humans rushing over the hoses -- and over and above all the blinding blaze of the C.P. alight almost from end to end." [3] The fire burned most of the night, melting the glass panels and softening the steel superstructure such that, one by one, the great supporting arches twisted and fell. By morning, nothing was left but a tangled ruin. The fire's cause was never clearly determined, though it appears a forgotten cigarette in a ladies' washroom may have ignited the flooring, and the fire spread through the space between the joists. Surveying the ruins the next morning, Sir Winston Churchill pronounced it the "end of an era." The Palace site today One of the great Sphinxes that once guarded the entrance to the Palace, January 2002. The Sphinxes have since been cleaned and partially repaired. (photo by Russell A. Potter) In the wake of the fire, most of the remaining metalwork was removed and sold for scrap, and what could not be salvaged was plowed under, filling in what had been the basement level of the palace.

The two towers were eventually demolished, in part because during World War II there was a concern that they could be used as a landmark by German bombers. The only remaining usable structure is the old foundation of the South Tower, which serves as a small museum, open only on Sundays and Bank Holidays. The terraces themselves remain, but in a partly crumbling condition, with orange plastic safety fencing restricting access to some areas. After a proposed shopping center for the site was eventually defeated by the hard work of the Crystal Palace Campaign , future plans for the site are uncertain. A proposal to re-build the Palace instead of building the Greenwich Dome to celebrate the millennium was, to the regret of some, never considered. A large radio antenna tower now dominates the hilltop site, and the portrait bust of Sir Joseph Paxton stands with its back to the weed-overgrown area where the palace once stood. The Pleasure Garden , filmed in Crystal Palace Park during 1952, however, shows the bust facing the opposite direction since it was resited in 1981 and turned to face the National Sports Centre complex.

[4] Much of the area of the original palace grounds remains as parkland, administered by the London Borough of Bromley , though additional slivers of land have been sold off over the years. The dinosaurs, long in a very dilapidated state, were restored to like-new condition in 2001-2002 with the help of National Lottery funds. The original hedgerow Maze still stands atop its mound, one of the few remaining features of the park's early landscaping. To the east of the Palace site is an area set aside for sport. There is a long history of football at the site. In 1861, the original team comprised of players that were groundkeepers for the Great Exhibition and nicknamed the "Glaziers," due to the immense amount of glass once used in the Palace. The team was one of the eleven founding members of the Football Association and reached the semi-final stage of the first FA Cup competition. From 1895 to 1914, the FA Cup finals were held at the Crystal Palace as well as being a venue for the England national team. The first football club was succeeded by a second team of the same name in 1905.

From 1905 to 1915, the football stadium was the home to the Crystal Palace Football Club until they were relocated due to the Admiralty requisitioning the Crystal Palace; they eventually settled at nearby Selhurst Park in 1924. It was also a venue for motorcycle and car racing and is currently the home for the National Sports Centre, built on the site of the earlier football stadium. The sports center is currently undergoing renovations, including the removal of its oversize turnstile gates, which had become an eyesore. Cultural significance Even immediately after its destruction, the cultural significance of the Palace was evident. Sir David Low , the eminent British cartoonist, remarked on the great public displays of affection for the Palace in the week after its destruction; the outpouring had been so impressive, he quipped, that "plans are underway to burn down the Albert Memorial." The Palace has since been hailed both as a symbol of the imperial glory of the British Empire and a sign of its inexorable decline.

In his book, All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity, Marshall Berman takes the burning of the Palace in 1936 as a landmark of modernity and a harbinger of postmodernity to come. References The Crystal Palace The Crystal Palace Image: The Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London, in 1851 © RIBA Library Drawings and Archives Collections The Crystal Palace was designed not by an architect but by a gardener, Joseph Paxton, with the assistance of Charles Fox from the contractor Fox Henderson. There were 245 submissions for the competition to design a building on the grounds of Hyde Park to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, but none were satisfactory, giving Paxton the chance to present his idea. …one of the great monuments of nineteenth-century architecture.…I could not tear my eyes from the spectacle of its triumphant harmony. Le Corbusier in Architectural Review, February 1937, p.72 His design came to be more famously known by its nickname the ‘Crystal Palace’.

It was prefabricated, assembled onsite and used large quantities of metal (iron) and glass – it could easily sound like a High Tech building from today rather than the mid-19th century. The exhibition was a success, but Paxton and his building were often not so well-regarded until the 20th century, when Modernists such as Le Corbusier reassessed this innovative and seemingly simple building made of manufactured parts. Construction started in August 1850. One size of glass was chosen and this in turn determined the size of the repetitive units. Paxton’s prefabricated modular design enabled a low cost and quick build. In just nine months 19 acres of Hyde Park were under glass. Its tall barrel-vault transept was crossed by a long flat-roof nave. The building and exhibition was opened to great fanfare on 1 May 1851 by Queen Victoria.

The move to Sydenham Image: Plan of the Crystal Palace and Park, Sydenham, London, in the 1850s (The Crystal Palace is in red, top) © RIBA Library Drawings and Archives Collections When the Great Exhibition was over, the Hyde Park site had to return back to its previous green state. Faced with the potential loss of his building, Paxton set up a company to find it a new home, despite the fact it was intended only as a temporary structure. The Crystal Palace was dismantled, shipped and re-erected in Sydenham on the outskirts of London, its second and last site. The Crystal Palace at Sydenham was not a just a transplanted building; when it was re-erected in south London between 1852 and 1854, the rebuilt structure used twice the glass it had at Hyde Park to accommodate an increase in size and the addition of a barrel-vault transept at each of the two ends of the nave. It also sat in new landscaped gardens and flanked by two large water towers designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

Until the disastrous fire of 1936, the Crystal Palace for over eighty years was one of London’s major venues for events and exhibitions and was a tourist attraction. The loss was felt locally and internationally – Le Cobusier lamented its destruction. Destruction of the Crystal Palace Image: Crystal Palace, Sydenham, London, in ruins following the fire of 30 November 1936 © RIBA Library Photographs Collection It stood to remind us that we did contribute something to the pioneer efforts of the Modern Movement. J.M. Richards in Architectural Review , January 1937, p.1 There are no visible signs today of the building at Hyde Park or of the mature elms around which construction had to carefully avoid damaging. At Sydenham, much of the Crystal Palace was destroyed in a fire that took hold on the 30 November 1936. The surviving water towers were demolished during World War II to remove a potential landmark for enemy aircraft. At Sydenham there are just the Grade II listed remains of the garden terraces, and the vaulted subway that once connected the Crystal Palace to the Crystal Palace (High Level) station , now demolished.

But south London could once again see the return of this landmark. In October 2013 it was announced that the ZhongRong Group intended to rebuild the Crystal Palace as part of a £500 million project. If the Crystal Palace had survived it might have become a national icon, much as the Eiffel Tower did in France. Ian Leith in Delamotte’s Crystal Palace, 2005, p.12 &nbsp; Palace of the People: The Crystal Palace at Sydenham 1854-1936 Palace of the People: The Crystal Palace at Sydenham 1854-1936 By: Piggott, J. R., Piggott, Jan $32.99 USD seen 25 months ago About this book: Built for the Great Exhibition of 1851, the Crystal Palace originally graced Londons Hyde Park with Joseph Paxtons remarkable geometric design and groundbreaking use of glass elements, prefiguring the modern movement in architecture.

After the exhibition a group of bankers, railway directors, and men of influence moved the structure to a new site in south London, rebuilt it to an even grander scale, and set about its promotion as a "palace for the multitude." Here were exhibitions, concerts, and spectaculars to fill a splendid day out for Londoners of all classes and interests. Filled with plaster casts of great art treasures, life-sized models of dinosaurs, waterworks, and gardens, the Crystal Palace became a center of both education and entertainment from the Victorian era through its destruction by fire in1936. Copublished with C. Hurst & Co., London Wisconsin edition for sale only in North and South America, U.S. territories and dependencies, and the Philippines. The speed with which the second Crystal Palace was planned, designed, and built was an even more phenomenal achievement that the first in Hyde Park, says Piggott (Keeper of Archives and Rare Books, Dulwich College, London). He recounts its history and the legendary fire that brought it down. Annotation �2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Jan R.

Piggott is Keeper of Archives at Dulwich College in London, where he taught for thirty years and was head of English. From Book Depository (seen 19 months ago), Indigo (seen 25 months ago), Powells (seen 27 months ago) Built for the Great Exhibition of 1851, the Crystal Palace originally graced Londonand#8217;s Hyde Park with Joseph Paxtonand#8217;s remarkable geometric design and groundbreaking use of glass elements, prefiguring the modern movement in architecture. After the exhibition a group of bankers, railway directors, and men of influence moved the structure to a new site in south London, rebuilt it to an even grander scale, and set about its promotion as a "palace for the multitude." Here were exhibitions, concerts, and spectaculars to fill a splendid day out for Londoners of all classes and interests. Filled with plaster casts of great art treasures, life-sized models of dinosaurs, waterworks, and gardens, the Crystal Palace became a center of both education and entertainment from the Victorian era through its destruction by fire in1936. Copublished with C.

Hurst and Co., London Wisconsin edition for sale only in North and South America, U.S. territories and dependencies, and the Philippines. The speed with which the second Crystal Palace was planned, designed, and built was an even more phenomenal achievement that the first in Hyde Park, says Piggott (Keeper of Archives and Rare Books, Dulwich College, London). He recounts its history and the legendary fire that brought it down. Annotation �2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Jan R. Piggott is Keeper of Archives at Dulwich College in London, where he taught for thirty years and was head of English. From Powells (seen 27 months ago) Copublished with C. Hurst and Co., London Wisconsin edition for sale only in North and South America, U.S.

dependencies, and the Philippines From Amazon (seen 9 months ago) '...Dr Piggott's engaging and well-illustratedhistory repeats the rollercoaster story ofPaxton's progress with verve and sympathy.'-The Guardian'Palace of the People is a thoroughly researched, beautifully written and lavishly illustrated book.' -The Dulwich Society -This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. From Amazon (seen 9 months ago) Reviews on the web: Piggott brilliantly captures the epic grandeur, the ambition, and the industriousness of Victorian Britain in this superbly illustrated book. His writing style is scholarly and well-researched, but highly readable and entertaining. The book includes many original accounts of the reconstruction of the Crystal Palace and the debates that raged around the didactic displays for the betterment of the great unwashed that it contained. Also of interest is the extenisve landscaped park, the dedicated railway lines and the massive water towers needed to service the site; not to mention Paxton's residence next door. All are superbly evoked including the famous fire and its aftermath.

( read more ) From Amazon (seen 9 months ago) Book details: UW Press - : Palace of the People: The Crystal Palace at Sydenham 1854­1936, J. R. Piggott The Crystal Palace at Sydenham 18541936 J. R. Piggott The first definitive history of an icon of London’s Victorian Age Built for the Great Exhibition of 1851, the Crystal Palace originally graced London’s Hyde Park with Joseph Paxton’s remarkable geometric design and groundbreaking use of glass elements, prefiguring the modern movement in architecture. After the exhibition a group of bankers, railway directors, and men of influence moved the structure to a new site in south London, rebuilt it to an even grander scale, and set about its promotion as a “palace for the multitude.” Here were exhibitions, concerts, and spectacles to fill a splendid day out for Londoners of all classes and interests. Filled with plaster casts of great art treasures, life-sized models of dinosaurs, waterworks, and gardens, the Crystal Palace became a center of both education and entertainment from the Victorian era through its destruction by fire in 1936. J.

R. Piggott is keeper of archives at Dulwich College in London. Copublished with C. Hurst & Co., London Media & bookseller inquiries regarding review copies, events, and interviews can be directed to the publicity department at publicity@uwpress.wisc.edu or (608) 263-0734. (If you want to examine a book for possible course use, please see our Course Books page. If you want to examine a book for possible rights licensing, please see Rights & Permissions .) March 2004 256 pp. 8 1/4 x 10 50 color illus., 110 b/w illus. ISBN 978-0-299-20094-7 Paper Hyde Park Crystal Palace 1851 Minecraft Project 1851 (only designed to be open for six months, perminent building moved to Sydenham) Description: Giant cast iron and glass building made to hold the great exhibition which would have showed different industrial and country exhibits from around Britians empire at the time.

This is my exact replica of the Hyde Park Crystal palace which was to hold the great exhibition in 1851. This however is the first of my Crystal Palace projects, the second will be the Sydenham palace which i am 50% through completing. Progress: Plus de 1000 idées à propos de Architecture Fantôme : The London Crystal Palace, London (1851-1854) and Sydenham (1854-1936) sur Pinterest | Note, Expositions … Pour en savoir plus : ssplprints.com. Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London, 1851. © Science Museum / Science & Society Picture Library Description Plate from the 'Illustrated London News'. Crowds gather for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Joseph Paxton (1801-1865) designed what Punch named Crystal Palace, the first large-scale prefabricated ferrovitreous (iron and glas) structure, a feature which later aided its dismantling. Here, the building is shown seen from the front, one of the giant elms visible through the glas.

Plus The Crystal Palace, The Crystal Palace, Sydenham Hill and Hyde Park, London Above - The Crystal Palace and Park - From the 'Premier Photographic View Album of London' 1907 In Harold P. Clun's 'The Face Of London', published in 1956, he writes on the district of Crystal Palace and the famous Glass Building which was re-erected there in 1854 . The Crystal palace was originally constructed in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851 . I have transcribed the text from this section of Clun's book below, along with some interesting images from various sources. Arthur Lloyd is known to have performed at the Crystal Palace in Sydenham several times, notably in 1867 and 1888 , see details below . 'Beyond the High Street the main Beckenham Road leads to Penge and the Crystal Palace Grounds. Until the middle of the last century the urban district of Penge, which includes Anerley and a part of Upper Norwood, was a rural hamlet famous for its woods and fine trees. Right - A Postcard showing the Crystal Palace at Sydenham.

In those days people came here who wanted to live right out in the country, but after the removal of the Crystal Palace to this district from Hyde Park in 1854 , and the opening of the railway from London Bridge Station, it became a popular residential suburb. The principal shops are situated on the main Beckenham Road, leading up to the southern entrance to the Crystal Palace grounds, and in Anerley Road... Above - The Original Crystal Palace in Hyde Park - From Dickinsons' Comprehensive Pictures of The Great Exhibition of 1851 from the originals painted for H. R. H. Prince Albert by Messrs Nash, Haghe, and Roberts R.A. Above - The Original Crystal Palace in Hyde Park - From Dickinsons' Comprehensive Pictures of The Great Exhibition of 1851 from the originals painted for H. R. H. Prince Albert by Messrs Nash, Haghe, and Roberts R.A. ...The Crystal Palace, constructed mainly of glass and iron, was originally the home of the Great Exhibition of 1851 in Hyde Park.

Designed by Sir Joseph Paxton, it was then intended merely as a temporary building, but a very general desire on the part of the general public to preserve the Crystal Palace on its original site found expression in two public meetings held in April 1852 , and later at a crowded meeting held at Exeter Hall , at which the Earl of Shaftesbury took the Chair. Certain alterations and extensions were then proposed by Sir Joseph Paxton, with a view to converting it into a winter garden and adapting it to other scientific purposes. Finally the building was purchased by a private company, who re-erected it on its present site at Sydenham Hill. The first pillar was erected there on Thursday, 5 August 1852, by Mr Samuel Laing, and the building was opened on 10 June 1854 by Queen Victoria...

Above - The New Crystal Palace at Sydenham - From the Illustrated London News, 21st of August 1852 ...Erected at a total cost of £1,500,000, the Crystal Palace was without doubt the most magnificent and costly building of its particular kind that has ever been built; the upkeep of it has cost as much as £60,000 a year. Left - A Postcard showing the Crystal Palace at Sydenham. The main building, exclusive of wings and colonnades, was 1,850 feet long, and was composed of 9,642 tons of iron and twenty-five acres of,' glass. When the Crystal Palace was removed to Sydenham the central transept was made much higher, and the north and south transepts and the two towers were added. The towers were each 282. feet high, or 77 feet higher than the Monument and 107 feet higher than Nelson's column in Trafalgar Square.

When erected in 1856 these towers were considered a most extraordinary engineering feat, but the first attempt to construct them proved a failure and involved the company in a great loss. When all but completed they were found to be insecure, and would neither carry the weight intended for them nor sustain the vibratory shock of the ascending and descending water, and therefore they had to be pulled down again. The fountains used to rise to a height of two hundred feet, and surpassed those of Versailles... Above - The site of the original location of the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park - Courtesy B.F. 2011. ...Before the first World War the Crystal Palace, like so many other undertakings of this kind, was in danger of insolvency and public subscriptions were raised for it. Largely as a result of the efforts of the Earl of Plymouth the palace became the property of the nation in June 1920 The Festival of Empire Exhibition of 1911 was held in the grounds of the Crystal Palace, and in 1914 it was taken by the Admiralty as a recruiting and training centre for the Royal Naval Volunteers and other units.

Here over 125,000 men were trained, and at the conclusion of that war the building was utilized as one of the great centres for demobilization. Right - The Crystal palace at Sydenham Hill after 1854 - From 'The Face Of London' by Harold P. Clunn 1956. Sir George Grove and Sir August Manns did much to foster good music at the Crystal Palace, and from 1857 onwards the Triennial Handel Festival was held in the central transept. The palace was a great attraction at holiday time, and was also a centre for Dog Shows, Brass Band Contests, and various exhibitions. Amongst its permanent attractions were a cinema, a weekly programme of dirt-track cycling, and on Thursdays during the summer months a display of fireworks. Before the opening of the Wembley Stadium the Cup Final was played here. Unhappily the Crystal Palace was destroyed on the night of 1 December 1936 in the most spectacular fire seen in Britain for many years.

(See image below) This started about eight o'clock in the evening near the Egyptian Room and spread with such amazing rapidity that within half an hour the great building was ablaze from end to end. Only the two towers escaped destruction. Ninety engines and five hundred firemen were engaged in flighting the flames, which rose to a height of three hundred feet. The cause of the fire was never discovered. Only the two towers escaped destruction but these were taken down in 1941 because they afforded a conspicuous landmark to enemy planes. The site has long since been cleared of its ruins and the trustees of the Crystal Palace have lately sold the estate to the London County Council who will restore the ground & and eventually erect a new permanent building. The grounds cover an area of two hundred acres and were laid out with terraces, flower beds, and boating-lakes, and considered a fine example of landscape gardening. During the second World War they were requisitioned for the armed forces and have since reverted to a wild state, but the scenery is very pleasant. There is a beautiful sheet of water flanked by woods where fishing is permitted.

The grounds were partly re-opened to the public in 1948.' Left - The remains of Crystal Palace after the fire of 1st December 1936 - From 'The Face Of London' by Harold P. Clunn 1956. The above Text in quotes was first published in 'The Face Of London' by Harold P. Clunn 1956. For the latest news on Crystal Palace Park and the various attempts to build on the site of the Crystal Palace see the Website of the Crystal Palace Campaign. Arthur Lloyd at the Crystal Palace Arthur Lloyd is known to have performed at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham in 1867 and 1888 . A piece in the ERA of the 21st of July 1867 , kindly transcribed by Martin Hitchcock reads:- The Crystal Palace Sydenham THE HALL OF MERRY MOMUS Here a great many celebrities of the Music Halls , sang inside the Hall and joked outside with the public, to their intense amusement.

All kinds of practical fun was going on here, and on the "Parade," if the term may be applied to the Hall of Momus, every one tried their hardest to propitiate the visitors. There was Mr Arthur Lloyd playing the clarinet in the most distracting manner, Mr F. French in a gorgeous suit, bound with the Belgian colours, the Great Vance, and many other shining stars, of the comic singing brotherhood. At one time the well-dressed crowd in the front, had a wig hurled at them, with a request from one of the paraders to note the reality of the hair, and larking was the rule in this department of the general exhibition. The public were indulged with two songs for their shilling, and Mr W. T. Critchfields "I've a soft place in my head" otherwise the song of a thoroughbred yokel  and Mr George Leybourne's "Champagne Charlie," seemed to be the fairest possible exchange, for the price of admission. The time we attended the Hall of Momus, some gentleman threw in an imitation of Mr Buckstone. The following singers gave their valuable services:-- The Great Vance, Arthur Lloyd , Jolly Nash , W.

Randall, W. Lingard, Fred French, W.R. Jusan, Fred Laroche, Robert Fraser, W.H Barry, G.W.Ross, W.T.Critchfield, Mrs W.Randall, Miss Dunning, Miss Seagrave, Accompanists, Messrs. J.Caulfield, J.W.Handley, Cornelius C.Smith. The above Transcription is from the ERA , 21st of July 1867 , and was kindly sent in by Martin Hitchcock whose great great grandparents were Frederick and Madame Laroche, mentioned in the piece, and who also toured with Arthur Lloyd for two years. Welcome to Crystal Palace Guide 5 Aug: work started on first pillar at Sydenham Hill 1853 15 Aug: 12 workers killed by scaffolding. 31 Dec: Dinner for 20 people held inside Iguanodon sculpture 1854 10 June: Crystal Palace & Gardens opened by Queen Victoria Crystal Palace railway station (renamed Low Level in 1898) opened Central transept raised and north & south transepts added.

Central building 1850 ft long with 9,642 tons of iron & 25 acres of glass Dinosaur sculpture added Crystal Palace & Gardens painting by George Baxter (1804-1867) 1855 Napoleon III visited 1856 Two towers added (282 ft high) 1857 Handel Festival held in central transept every three years until 1883 1861 National Choral Society (1000 voices) played at the Palace. Building damaged in a storm. (circa) A (different) Crystal Place FC formed from CP groundkeepers. Played in grounds. “Groundkeepers” were one of 12 founder members of FA in 1863. 1862 Work began on a railway from Peckham to Crystal Palace (High Level) 1864 Atmospheric railway built in tunnel from Low Level to Palace.

1865 High Level station opened at Crystal Palace 8 June: Joseph Paxton died in Sydenham 1866 Fire destroyed North Transept 1871 Marine aquarium built by North Tower Camille Pissarro painted Crystal Palace More info 1891 Kaiser Wilhelm II visited 1895 FA Cup finals held at Park Hill Park (?) - now Athletics track Early C20/Edwardian 1900 First National Brass Band Festival at Palace 1905 Crystal Palace FC formed, Team played at FA Cup Final ground 1911 Festival of Empire (for George V’s coronation) All Red Route Railway built (on site of old Atmospheric railway tunnel) Crystal Palace bankrupted by Festival 1913 Palace now run by a charitable trust World War I 1914 Last FA Cup Final at Crystal Palace Palace requisitioned for war use Twenties 1926 Last Crystal Place Handel Festival with 3,000 choir and 60,000 audience recorded. 1927 Speedway racing at Crystal Palace Gardens began Thirties Dec Motor circuit increased to two miles and tarmac-ed.

200 acres of land (terraces, lakes & flower beds) sold to London County Council (?) 1937 24 April: Motor-car racing at Crystal Palace began. 17 July: London Grand Prix. 1939 Speedway finished at Palace. Motor car racing suspended due to outbreak of war Forties 1941 16 April: North towers & old aquarium demolished. Gardens requisitioned for war use. 1945 Park in state of decay after war. 1948 Crystal Palace Gardens partly opened to public Fifties 1950 Remains of South Wing destroyed by fire 1951 LCC agreed to have Motor racing back. 31 Dec: Crystal Palace Trust dissolved. Reopened as Crystal Palace Park by LCC 1952 Crystal Palace Zoo opened. Plans for a National Youth & Sports Centre put forward. 1953 May 23: Motor-racing back but circuit nearly halved. Upper & lower terraces listed as Grade II 1954 Peckham - Crystal Palace line and High Level station closed 1957 31 Dec: Crystal Palace Transmitter opened.

Sixties 1960 Work began on Sports Centre 1961 Motor-racing start-line moved up due to building works. Crystal Palace Bowl opened for music concerts 1962 Gorilla statue by David Wynne added (donated by London Zoo?) 1964 National Sports Centre opened in Crystal Palace Park Seventies 1971 Crystal Palace Garden Parties at Crystal Palace Bowl ran until 1980 as one day Rock Festivals. Groups included: Pink Floyd, Beach Boys, Lou Reed & Eric Clapton. 1972 Motor Racing stopped in Crystal Palace Park, Sept 23: Last meeting Subway from High level listed Grade II 1973 Dinosaur sculptures listed Grade 1I Eighties 1982 Start/finish of old Motor Racing circuit now used by model radio cars 1983 Restoration of terraces 1980s London Philharmonia (?) concerts at Bowl 1986 Bromley Council took over running of Park from GLC.

Nineties 1997 Crystal Palace Recreation Centre listed Grade II* 1997 New Crystal Palace Bowl stage C21 Sex Pistols played Crystal Palace Sports Centre 2003 Bruce Springsteen played Crystal Palace Sports Centre 2005 Coldplay played Crystal Palace Sports Centre LDA take over Crystal Palace Recreation Centre - will maintain Centre until 2012 2007 Dinosaur sculptures relisted Grade 1 2008 Crystal Palace Recreation Centre refurbished 2009 April: Completion of refurbished? ________________________________________________________________________________ The Phoenix Suburb - Alan Warwick (1972/RP 2009 Norwood Society) Racing At Crystal Palace.

A History Of Motorsports At London's Own Race Circuit 1927-1972 - Phillipp Parfitt (MRP 1991) Crystal Place Dinosaurs - Steven McCarthy (CP Foundation 1994) The World For a Shilling - Michael Leapman (Headline 2001) Palace of the People: The Crystal Palace at Sydenham 1854-1936 - Jan Piggott (Hurst 2004) A Thing In Disguise : The Visionary Life of Joseph Paxton - Kate Colquohoun (Fourth Estate 2003) 100 Years of Crystal Palace Football Club - Nigel Sands (NPI Media group 2005) ________________________________________________________________________________

Question: What structure was moved from Hyde Park to Sydenham in 1854?
Answer: THE CRYSTAL PALACE