The Salvation Army: A Missionary Crusade | Christian History Magazine Home / Magazine / Issues / Issue 26 / The Salvation Army: A Missionary Crusade The Salvation Army: A Missionary Crusade How a small, East London mission became one of the leading missionary organizations in the world. [Christian History originally published this article in Christian History Issue 26 in 1990 ] WHEN WILLIAM BOOTH and his associates met in London in 1878 to transform their evangelistic organization, the East London Christian Mission, into The Salvation Army, they announced their reason in no uncertain terms: “The Christian Mission has met in Congress to make War. It has organized a Salvation Army to carry the blood of Christ and the fire of the Holy Ghost into every corner of the world.” The first issue of their new, more militant magazine, at first called The Salvationist, described the fledgling Army as the people of God joined together “after the fashion most effective and forcible to liberate a captive world.” The Salvation Army clearly saw itself from the beginning as a great missionary enterprise. Vertical Mission It is possible, however, to divide into two phases the process by which this zeal became truly universal.

At first, the Army’s leaders saw their work as not so much to spread the gospel far and wide as to spread it, so to speak, up and down: they intended to reach those depressed portions of English society that Booth believed had been neglected by other Protestant churches. The Army’s mission was vertical rather than horizontal. In 1878 and 1879 when William and Catherine Booth and their close associates spoke of carrying “the Standard of the Cross into every part of the world” it was to the dark and dismal parts of the “world” of London and other great cities that they referred. William Booth himself, and almost all of his pioneer associates (with the exception of his wife, who came from a prosperous family) had come to Army work from social backgrounds that ranged from the respectable working class, at best, to the ranks of the desperately poor. Their evangelical and social projects for the urban poor attracted the financial support of the occasional wealthy donor, and—much more rarely—a person from a good social background would actually join the Army.

Frederick de Lautour Tucker, a high ranking colonial official who became an officer in the Army and later Booth’s son-in-law, is a notable example; George Scott Railton, an educated man whose father had been a minister, is another. With a handful of such exceptions, however, the Army’s early leaders had been poor. They knew poverty, its terror and futility, and they knew how little the light of the Christian gospel had penetrated the vast, dismal acres of city slums in which they had passed their lives. They now felt called to return there with the Good News that God and The Salvation Army loved all people alike. Horizontal Mission Soon, however, a marked change took place in the way Army leaders envisioned the dimensions within which they believed God was calling them to operate.

Almost no sooner than General Booth and his officers had unfurled the Army banner in the backstreets of “Darkest England,” than they were confronted with invitations—demands in some cases—to “open fire” on “the lands across the seas.” In October 1879 Booth wrote to his officers that God was using the Army “to mightily shake this whole land and to gather out of it a multitude of people to serve Him in the still mightier task of shaking the nations of the earth.” This second phase of Army missionary work—geographic, rather than social—began in three ways. Spontaneous growth. There was spontaneous growth outside Britain; the most notable example came in the United States. In 1879 the family of a Salvationist silk worker named Amos Shirly immigrated to Philadelphia and promptly began to hold Salvation Army services in the streets and in hired halls. These services were successful, and many converts joined the Shirlys’ little, unofficial movement. Eliza Shirly, the daughter, who had been an officer in England, formally petitioned the General to send official “reinforcements” to take over the family’s growing mission in the name of God and The Salvation Army.

In response to this plea, General Booth dispatched George Scott Railton and seven “Hallelujah Lasses,” who landed in New York City in March 1880 to begin official Salvation Army work in the United States. The process by which the Army launched its activities in Australia later in 1880, in Canada in 1882, and in New Zealand in 1883, was remarkably similar; in each case Salvationist immigrants started informal, little missions and wrote to London to request official adoption. Immigrant movement. A second pattern occurred when immigrants, converted to The Salvation Army on one mission field, returned home or moved elsewhere and commenced Army activities as official agents of Army headquarters. The Salvation Army was established in Sweden in 1882 and in Norway in 1888 through the energetic evangelism of Hanna Ouchterlony, a Swedish immigrant who had been converted to the Army in the United States. Another convert of the American field, Fritz Schaaf, returned to his native Germany to begin Army work there in 1886.

The Salvation Army began work in Mozambique in 1916 when Salvationist immigrants, converted while working in South Africa, returned to their native land. Traditional missionary activity. The third type of horizontal expansion took traditional form: Salvation Army headquarters selected a likely foreign shore upon which to plant the blood—and—fire flag, and sent out an official party to “open fire.” These pioneers did not have the advantage enjoyed by those sent in response to a local call; there was no local support, no advance body of friends and comrades to welcome them as they descended the gangplank. The case was often quite the contrary; some of the Army’s most stirring tales of heroism and sacrifice come from the experiences of these Victorian missionary pioneers. The General’s daughter Catherine began Army activities in France in March 1881 in the face of truly terrible persecution.

The next year, a future son-in-law, Frederick Tucker, led the Army’s courageous pioneers in India, which was soon called the Army’s “oldest (official) mission field,” no doubt to preserve the national sensibilities of the three or four earlier Army conquests, which did not in the 1880s consider themselves “missionary fields.” Worldwide Spread The list of countries into which The Salvation Army spread quickly lengthened and continues to do so. In 1882 Canada, India, Switzerland, and Sweden were opened; in 1883 South Africa, New Zealand, the countries that are now known as Sri Lanka and Pakistan; then within a few years Newfoundland, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Jamaica, Norway, Belgium, Finland; Argentina and Uruguay in 1890; Japan in 1895; the West Indies by 1904. When the Army began work in a colonial territory, the reception it was given varied with the attitude of the European colonial power. The British colonial governments were friendly and receptive, as in Kenya (1921), Uganda (1923), and Tanzania (1933).

The Belgians, rulers of the Congo in those years, were not so sympathetic, and the Army faced a long period of difficulty and confusion when it started work in 1934 in what is now Zaire. In India, General Booth had commanded Major Frederick Tucker, the leader of the 1882 mission, to “Get into [the Indians’] skins,” and so the team lived and dressed like natives. This infuriated the governor of Bombay, who feared that blurring caste lines would endanger British rule. Open—air meetings were outlawed, Tucker was jailed, and, in the words of one writer, “for five months a state of virtual civil war existed between the government and the Army.” The work of The Salvation Army in Asia is of particular interest. The Salvation Army began in Japan in 1895 and became so successful that it sent missionaries of its own to work among Japanese—Americans in California, a work which, sad to report, perished amid the prejudice and misunderstanding engendered by the Second World War. The Army began its official activities in Korea in 1908, as a result of a survey of that country by the wide—ranging George S. Railton.

The Salvation Army in Korea developed, in spite of many difficulties, into one of the largest (per capita), most energetic, and spiritually dynamic branches of the Army in the world. The story in China is no less inspiring, if the results have been less spectacular in terms of numbers. Salvation Army missionaries held their first services in Shantung in 1916, and the work spread over northern China. By 1932 the Army had ninety centers in five northern provinces, in Shanghai, and in Hong Kong. In Peiping, the Boys’ Home had its own famous brass band. The Army’s work, however, was almost destroyed by the Second World War and the civil war in China. In 1948 expatriate missionaries were expelled from China. At the same time most Chinese officers, unpaid, cut off from outside support or guidance, their buildings wrecked or confiscated, their soldiers scattered, were driven out of the movement. A few, led by Major Yin Hungshun, remained loyal throughout the long years of adversity; these were triumphantly reunited with The Salvation Army in 1987 when retired General Arnold Brown, accompanied by the Dulwich Brass Band from Britain, visited Yin in China.

Setbacks and Successes Not all of the stories of Salvation Army missionary zeal have happy endings. The Army has been forced to close its activities in several countries because of political changes that brought to power governments hostile to the Army’s presence. The Salvation Army began work in the Baltic republics and the new republics of central Europe after World War I, only to be forced out of these countries during or after World War II; the work survived in Yugoslavia until 1948, in Hungary until 1949, and in Czechoslovakia until 1950. The Salvation Army also operated centers in Egypt from 1936 to 1949. But the forward progress of The Salvation Army was not much slowed. By September 1989, when The War Cry announced that El Salvador had joined the Salvation Army “Family of Nations,” General Booth’s evangelistic and social welfare crusade, born in the slums of East London, was operating in 91 countries and territories. The theme established by General Evangeline Booth in 1935—“The World for God!”—remains the Army’s motto today, when the movement has become one of the leading Protestant missionary organizations in the world.

To this day, new recruits in The Salvation Army sign the “Articles of War,” which close with the ringing pledge to devote one’s “life to His service for the Salvation of the whole world.” CH Dr. E. H. McKinley is chair of the social science division at Asbury College, Wilmore, Kentucky, and the author of several books on The Salvation Army, including Marching to Glory: The History of The Salvation Army in the United States, 1880–1980 (Harper & Row, 1980). Martyn Croft, The Salvation Army UK Territory, CIO 100 2014 | CIO UK The Salvation Army UK Territory The Salvation Army is a Christian international charitable organisation with a quasi-military structure. The organisation reports worldwide membership of over 1.5 million, consisting of soldiers, officers and adherents known as Salvationists. Its founders William and Catherine Booth sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute and hungry by meeting both their "physical and spiritual needs". It operates charity shops; shelters for the homeless, and provides disaster relief and humanitarian aid to developing countries.

The Army was founded in 1865 in London by one-time Methodist minister William Booth. Originally known as the North London Christian Mission, in 1878 Booth reorganised the mission, becoming its first General and introducing the military structure which has been retained to the present day. When did you start your current role? 2009 Have you completed an MBA? No Order the following sources of advice/information by value to you: 1. Peer Group 2 2014 CIO 100 celebration in pictures Technology strategy and spending What is the major transformational IT project that has been recently completed, or is underway at your organisation? Updating and extending our wide-area network to connect all our operational locations and key staff locations throughout the UK. What impact will it/does it have on the organisation? The updated WAN will reach out to all our locations through out the UK bringing fast, secure and ubiquitous access to not only our corporate information systems but also to the resources and information assets which enable the work of The Salvation Army in the UK. What new strategic technology deals has your organisation struck and with whom? Network services Name your strategic technology suppliers?

Redcentric Plc IT operational spend compared to the revenue or company turnover as a percentage? 2.2% What is the strategic aim of the CIO and IT operations for the next financial year? To scale-up and scale-out our VDI to enable access to information resources from any device at any location. Essentially delivering "A Connected Army" furthering the mission of The Salvation Army in the UK. Transformation achievements Would you describe the CIO role as a transformation leader in your organisation? Yes Describe the transformations you have led / been involved in, how did they transform operations, customer experience or the organisation? In our work with the homeless I have proposed and demonstrated a private social network to provide peer support and shared experience opportunities for the residents of our Lifehouses, illustrating the use of such technologies to reach out to the digitally disadvantaged. Since 1879 The War Cry has been the official news publication of The Salvation Army and working together with the publishing department we produced the first digital editions of this and other in-house publications effectiveley broadening the readership in this digital age. Beyond technology, can you describe a business transformation programme that you own or contribute to?

Like many organisations we are often data rich but information poor and my Management Information initiative, although having technology in its foundations, has established an initiative which seeks to educate and promote the use of information in decision making and performance measurement. What key technologies are being considered to enable transformation? VDI, BYOD, BI How is the use by employees of their own technology, use of mobiles and social networking impacting operations, customer experiences or the organisation at present? It's seen as an enabler for some of the work we do. Do you have a plan in place for how to deal with shadow IT and BYOD. How do you influence and engage executives, place the right controls around employee choice and engage with the organisation on this issue? We have a successful BYOD programme which has carefully encouraged a proportionof our users to safely access corporate resources from their own devices. Where do you seek transformational inspiration from? Everywhere and anywhere. The CIO role in the business Do they report to the CEO? Secretary for Business Administration (MD) Does the CIO have a seat on the board? No How often do you meet with the CEO? As required Does your organisation have a digital leader and what is the difference in their responsibilities to yours?

No How many staff make up the IT team?(What is the split between in-house/outsourced staff) 26 in-house Describe the CIO’s management team, do you have direct reports that develop the relationship and services between the business and IT? The senior management team manage a corporate systems team, a service and support team, a learning technologies team, and manage projects and business relationships. And how many log-in accounts do you issue across you organisation? 5500 Eastern Michigan Division - What is The Salvation Army? What is The Salvation Army? Make a Donation Tweets by @salmich From its simple beginnings in 1865 in the poverty-stricken East End of London, England, The Salvation Army grew rapidly during the 1860s and 1870s. By the end of 1878, The Salvation Army in England had more than 75 corps (worship and service centers) with 120 officers (clergy). In October of that year Salvationists (Salvation Army members) Amos and Annie Shirley immigrated to the United States and began holding evangelistic meetings in Philadelphia. Their daughter Lieutenant Eliza Shirley soon followed them.

Repeatedly throughout 1879 the Shirleys asked General William Booth, The Salvation Army's Founder, to send officers to establish The Salvation Army in America. In February 1880 George Scott Railton, the first officer to hold the rank of commissioner, led a group of seven women to expand The Salvation Army in Philadelphia and extend it to New York City and beyond. Soon corps were opened throughout New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. In November 1880 Railton moved westward and began Salvation Army work in St. Louis, Missouri, probably seeking a more centralized location. In 1881, Booth called Railton to return to England and sent Major Thomas E. Moore to lead The Salvation Army in America. Much of Railton's work was reorganized including withdrawing from the Midwest until 1885. In 1885 Commissioner Frank Smith, commander for the U.S. at the time, gave Captain and Mrs. William Evans $25 to start Salvation Army operations in Chicago. The couple worked diligently to create a highly successful Salvation Army ministry in the Midwest.

By 1899 more than five dozen corps had been opened in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri--the states which now comprise the Central Territory. One early Midwestern convert was 16-year-old Edward Parker from Elgin, Illinois, who became an officer and opened a corps in Janesville, Wisconsin. Parker later served as a photographer during World War I, was instrumental in initiating the USO (United Service Organizations) during World War II and served as The Salvation Army's national leader from 1934 to 1943. The Salvation Army underwent many changes during its first 40 years as states were added to the union and as the population shifted westward and southward. Initially, all states west of Michigan, Indiana and the Mississippi River were designated the Department of the West. The creation of this department in 1905, with headquarters in Chicago, was a forecast of growth and expansion for the Army. Continuing to grow, The Salvation Army subdivided the country into the Eastern, Central and Western territories by 1920.

Six years later, the Central and Eastern territories were so large they divided once again, creating the fourth U.S. territory, the Southern Territory. With a more concentrated geographical area The Salvation Army's work in the Midwest flourished. From its early years The Salvation Army began many social service programs which have shaped its ministry and identity up to the present. In 1888 the first Midwestern rescue home for unwed mothers was opened in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Later The Salvation Army operated hospitals for unwed mothers throughout the country. These hospitals were phased out in the 1980s due to changing mores and increasingly costly demands for hospital administration. Also in the 1880s, The Salvation Army established hotels for homeless men, allowing them to pay a few cents per night for warm, safe lodging. These hotels developed into a comprehensive alcoholic recovery programs by 1897 and now are known as harbor light centers and adult rehabilitation centers. During the Great Depression, The Salvation Army opened large feeding centers in major metropolitan areas, feeding thousands of people per day despite a decline in donations. Today, food pantries and feeding programs continue to operate throughout the Central Territory.

Music has been an integral part of The Salvation Army from its very beginning. When Commissioner George Scott Railton and the seven women officers stepped off the ship in New York Harbor they sang hymns to attract a crowd and announce The Salvation Army's arrival in the United States. Music frequently has been used in The Salvation Army to attract attention, communicate the message of the gospel and bring an air of enthusiasm to Salvation Army meetings. Singing and/or performing instrumental music on street corners has become a hallmark of The Salvation Army. The first officially recognized Salvation Army brass band in the United States was in Grand Rapids, Michigan. This band also holds the distinction of having the first U.S. bandmaster (conductor), drummer and drum major. Although The Salvation Army continues its tradition of brass bands, many Salvation Army corps also have developed contemporary bands, choral groups, interpretive dance troupes and other modern musical expressions to keep pace with the country's changing culture and musical tastes. One of the best known Salvation Army bands in the world is the Chicago Staff Band, comprised of Salvationists from the Chicagoland area who perform professional-quality brass music under the direction of Bandmaster William Himes. The Salvation Army is well known for providing summer camps for children, especially in urban areas.

It is believed that the first Salvation Army camp was held in Kansas City, Missouri, when 20 tents were pitched in Fairmont Park in the summer of 1897. In 1904 The Salvation Army in the Chicago area purchased land for a permanent camp in the suburb of Glen Ellyn, Illinois. As suburban population increased, The Salvation Army sold that property in the 1920s and bought lakeside property in Camp Lake, Wisconsin. Opened on July 4, 1924, the Wonderland Camp and Conference Center is the oldest continuing Salvation Army camp in the United States. The Chicago area camps also resulted in another Salvation Army innovation: the establishment of advisory boards consisting of prominent business and community leaders who voluntarily give advice and guidance, increase public awareness of The Salvation Army's purpose and programs, raise funds, recruit other volunteers and give hands-on assistance. Beginning with a seven-member board in Chicago in 1904, The Salvation Army has developed advisory boards and other advisory organizations devoted to specific purposes and programs around the world. Today there are more than 71,000 advisory organization members in the United States. Publishing also has been important to The Salvation Army from its inception in England.

William Booth and his wife Catherine both wrote prolifically to proclaim the gospel message, to instruct and to encourage new converts and to communicate The Salvation Army's purpose and mission. From the adoption of the name The Salvation Army, the movement's official publication has been known as The War Cry. The name The War Cry also was adopted for the magazine in the United States. In 1880 the pioneer of The Salvation Army in the United States, Commissioner George Scott Railton, published a small newsletter titled Salvation News. After moving to St. Louis, Railton published the first American issue of The War Cry in January 1881. Publication of The War Cry continued under Major Thomas E. Moore and his successors. From 1920 to 1970, each U.S. territory published its own individual version of The War Cry, reporting regional, national and international Salvation Army news and providing inspirational and evangelistic articles. In 1970 The Salvation Army's National Headquarters began publishing one nationwide edition of The War Cry, and each territory developed a distinctive territorial newsletter to report on events in their geographical areas. Doris Lowcock took the reigns in the Central Territory and created the country's first territorial newsletter.

It was named Central NewsCentral Connection in July 2003. Numerous Central Territory Salvationists also have made significant literary contributions. Throughout The Salvation Army's more than 100 years in the Midwest, countless Salvationists have made exceptional contributions to humanity, the organization's development and the growth and strength of the Christian Church. Seven men and two women from the Central Territory have received the Order of the Founder, The Salvation Army's highest award. This award is given to those that follow in the Founder's footsteps to change the world. The Salvation Army has a rich, exciting heritage in the Central Territory. Feel free to explore further by clicking on the links to The Salvation Army's international and national home pages. Also examine the varied services provided by The Salvation Army by clicking on the links for disaster services and for programs and services. Just as important as what The Salvation Army has accomplished in the past or is doing in the present is its strong vision for the future. This is The Salvation Army of the new millennium! The Salvation Army comes to Detroit The Salvation Army landed in the United States in 1880 and began serving Detroit in 1887.

But just as the earliest soldiers of the Army had faced opposition in England, so too did the officers who established the work in Detroit. Their concern for the poor challenged the norm and shed light on social ills that others preferred to pretend did not exist. Not long after the first Salvationists assembled in the city, local government passed the Campus Ordinance, proclaiming, "No man may make a speech or blow a horn or beat a drum within one half-mile of city hall. As much of the Army's early work depended on street meetings designed to attract people in need of aid, the ruling was a major setback. But, Colonel Blanche Cox, who commanded The Salvation Army in Detroit, challenged the ordinance. Over a period of months she was arrested and brought before the court 12 times. Her sentence was suspended only once. She spent months in jail for disturbing the peace, but even as she did, a public outcry grew in her defense. Soon, The Detroit News, led by its founder, James H. Scripps, made The Salvation Army a front page issue. With support from community leaders, the law was repealed and The Salvation Army earned its right to serve those in need.

The Salvation Army is now at work in 121 countries and benefits more than 20 million people each year in the United States alone. Eastern Michigan Division Salvation Army | Learning to Give Learning to Give Search Resource Library Salvation Army An international, nonprofit religious organization, the Salvation Army is committed to providing human services and assistance to the very needy as an essential component of its evangelistic mission of fundamental Christianity. Pat Dignum The Salvation Army is an international non-profit religious organization, committed to providing human services and assistance to the very needy as an essential component of its evangelistic mission of fundamental Christianity. The organization's mission statement reads: The Salvation Army, an international movement, is an evangelical part of the universal Christian Church. Its message is based on the Bible. Its ministry is motivated by the love of God. Its mission is to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ and to meet human needs in His name without discrimination. (The Salvation Army 2003) The Salvation Army is funded by donations and voluntary support. The national headquarters is located in Alexandria, Virginia, while London serves as the site of its international headquarters. Official publications of the Salvation Army include The War Cry and All the World.

The Salvation Army is organized using a military model, following a similar chain of command, including military titles for personnel, local bands, and banners. Committed volunteers are essential to the success of this extensive ministry and its programs. In 1865, the Salvation Army was founded in London by William Booth, an English Methodist minister. First known as the "Christian Mission" to provide social welfare assistance to the residents of urban slums and save them from their sinful lifestyles of prostitution, gambling, and drunkenness, it was renamed in 1878. Military ranks and titles were assigned according to their responsibilities. His wife, Catherine, was co-founder. The "soldiers" preached openly in the streets. They promoted high ideals of service and commitment. Lieutenant Eliza Shirley held the first meeting in America. In 1880, a group of seven women, led by George Scott Railton, went to the United States and established the first international site of the Salvation Army in New York City. Their mission was to bring a gospel of hope and redemption to orphans, prostitutes, alcoholics, and the working poor by meeting their needs of food and shelter. During this time, the Salvation Army expanded rapidly in many countries.

During World Wars I and II, the Salvation Army provided physical, emotional, and spiritual comfort to the allied forces' overseas soldiers. They distributed up to 900 doughnuts per day, boosted morale, and read letters aloud to those who could not read. The volunteers conducted concerts and church services for the soldiers. They operated 1,000 canteens on twenty-six battlefronts. They continue, today, to provide services to veterans and disaster relief to those in need. Importance The Salvation Army is currently active in ninety-eight countries, using 136 languages. It was the first significant organization to recognize and act upon a Christ-like belief that providing for the physical needs of the poor enabled meeting their spiritual needs. Its ministry is a model of Christian social action. It pioneered the pairing of relief and social welfare with the opportunity for work. Significantly, the Salvation Army never distinguishes its programs from its evangelical ministry, nor wavers from its doctrine. Worldwide facilities include children's homes, maternity homes, and hotels offering free lodging and meals. Institutions include community centers, rehabilitation centers, hospitals, children's camps, foster care centers, senior citizen residences, senior centers, and homeless shelters which enroll people in work programs.

Its programs address juvenile delinquency, alcohol and substance abuse, war and disaster relief, veteran's assistance, unemployment and indigence, family counseling, and daycare needs, in addition to religious services. It operates 600 kindergartens, 950 primary and middle schools, 100 secondary schools, fifty trade schools, and twenty-five teacher training schools, a Bible College and one university. The Salvation Army has been historically distinctive because its women hold leadership and preaching positions. In fact, women led expansion of the organization and continue to give leadership in all facets. General Eva Burrows, elected in 1986 as international leader, held the highest ecclesiastical leadership position of any woman in the world at the time of her election. While many churches debate the issue of ordination of women, the preaching and pulpit ministry of the Salvation Army has been open to women since its beginning. Ties to the Philanthropic Sector INDEPENDENT SECTOR, a well-recognized nonprofit sector research group, lists the Salvation Army as the number one nonprofit fundraiser in the United States in a 1999 review. The organization raised $1.2 billion in cash and in-kind contributions.

Author and business world guru, Peter Drucker, was quoted in Forbes magazine, as saying that "the Salvation Army is by far the most effective organization in the U.S. No one even comes close to it with respect to clarity of mission, ability to innovate, measurable results, dedication and putting money to maximum use" (The Salvation Army Massachusetts 2002). The organization utilizes over $0.83 of each dollar it receives to provide relief services for those in need. It is one of only four (of the fifteen largest social welfare and health charities charted) to meet or exceed the standard set by the National Charities Information Bureau of sixty percent of income spent on programs. At that time, sixty-five percent of the Salvation Army's total budget was spent on programs, strong evidence of its accountability and stewardship. Key Related Ideas "Doughboys" was a term used for the American soldiers fighting in Europe in World War I. Social services Important People Related to the Topic Catherine Booth was the wife of William Booth and co-founder of the Salvation Army. She was an evangelist, a popular preacher, and a theologian. Evangeline Booth, born Eva Cory Booth, was the seventh child of William and Catherine Booth.

She adopted four children, though she never married. In 1904, she began her command in the United States. She became the Army's fourth General in 1934. William Booth founded the Salvation Army in 1865 in London. He also served as its first general. George Scott Railton led seven women to the United States as a mission to share the work of the Salvation Army in New York City. This established it as an international organization. Eliza Shirley, at the age of seventeen, held the first Salvation Army meeting in the United States in 1879. Related Nonprofit Organizations With over 2,400 local clubs in the United States, YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) is the largest nonprofit community service organization in the country. The organization was originally founded in London in 1844 as a response to the unhealthy living conditions and crime-ridden streets of post-Industrial Revolution England. The first YMCA opened in America in 1851. Its mission is "to put Christian principles into practice through programs that build healthy spirit, mind, and body for all" (YMCA 2003).

Related Web Sites The Salvation Army United States of America National Headquarters Web site, at disaster relief assistance, historical figures, national publications, and division office locator. The Salvation Army Web site, at , provides news, publications and international events, from the London-based Christian charity. Salvation Army Website Finder Page, at , is a service that will quickly and easily locate Salvation Army Web sites for local communities across the U.S. and other countries. Rebecca Anne. Visions of Charity: Volunteer Workers and Moral Community. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. ISBN 0-520-22144-3. Patricia A. "How Women Saved the City," Library Journal 126 (February 2001): 108-109. Gariepy, Henry. Christianity in Action:The Salvation Army in the USA Today. Wheaton, Illinois: Victor Books, 1990. ISBN 0-89693-231-1. Paul C. Making Nonprofits Work. Washington, D.C: The Brookings Institution, 2000. ISBN 0-8157-5245-8.

McKinley, Edward H. Marching to Glory: the History of the Salvation Army in the United States, 1880 - 1980. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1980. ISBN 0-06-65538-0. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2002. Salvation Army. [cited 22 September 2002]. Available from . Riess, Jana. "Blood and Fire: William and Catherine Booth and Their Salvation Army," Publishers Weekly 247 (May 2000): 110. Jana. "Hallelujah Lads and Lasses: Remaking the Salvation Army in America, 1880-1930," Publishers Weekly 248 (May 2001): 83. Army Massachusetts Division. Why Give to the Salvation Army. [cited 28 December 2002]. Available from . The Salvation Army United States of America National Headquarters. [cited 8 January 2003]. Available from . Taiz, Lillian.

"Red-Hot and Righteous: The Urban Religion of the Salvation Army," The Journal of American History 87 (June 2000): 253-254. 95 year old poet recalls her first publication in “War Cry” | The Salvation Army 95 year old poet recalls her first publication in “War Cry” Added on Thursday, August 21, 2014 As a child Ardyth Hope Townsend remembers only having food because of The Salvation Army. She remembers attending church at the Army’s chapel. She remembers taking the oath under the flag to become a junior soldier. She also remembers how proud she was when a poem she wrote was published around the world, also thanks to the Army. Ardyth’s poem, “Our Father,” was first published when she was only nine years old. The poem made the pages of The Salvation Army’s official publication “War Cry” in 1928. Little did she know then that it would be one of many poems she would write in her lifetime and would later earn publication. All of those memories and many more came rushing back after a group of volunteers from the Virginia Salvation Army recently visited Ardyth.

Now 95, Ardyth’s long-storied history with The Salvation Army was initially not known to the the volunteers. So when they gave her a gift, which included a recent copy of “War Cry,” they thought nothing of it, but Ardyth of course, thought so much more. Here is her “Our Father” poem: Ardyth, who now lives in a retirement community in Biwabik, Minn. has written poetry all of her life. She let the Virginia Salvation Army know how much she appreciated the visit and passed the poem on to the leaders there. Her version of the “Our Father,” was one of her first works to be published and after all these years certainly one she continues to cherish. “War Cry” is the official international news publication for The Salvation Army. Its history dates back to the Army’s establishment in England in 1865, and the first issue was printed in London in 1879. Share Article The Salvation Army Northern Division has been serving people in need in Minnesota and North Dakota for more than 125 years. We provide basic needs assistance, housing, youth services, rehabilitation, disaster relief, counseling and more.

The Crest | The Salvation Army Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia The Salvation Army Wiki Share The oldest official emblem of The Salvation Army is the crest. In 1878 Captain W.H. Ebdon suggested a crest, and in 1879 it was to be found on the letterhead of the Salvation Army Headquarters. The captain's suggested design was changed only slightly and a crown was added. The Crest isn't as widely recognized by "outsiders" (those who are not part of the Salvation Army church) as The Red Shield . The meaning of the crest (taken from ): Sun with the rays represents the light and fire of the Holy Spirit. (Matthew 3:11) Cross represents the cross of Jesus on which He died as a sacrifice for our sins. (Romans 3:25) The letter "S" represents the salvation which is available to all people through Jesus Christ. (John 3:16-17) The crossed swords represent God's Word (Hebrews 4:12). God's Word is the Christian's weapon in the salvation war (the war against Satan and evil).

The Gospel shots (Psalm 119:160) represent the basic truths of the Gospel; there are 7 in all. The existence of a Holy God. The evil of sin are against God and man. There will be punishment for sin that is fair and everlasting. Jesus died on the cross for the human race. Salvation is for all mankind and is free to all who accept Jesus Christ. It is the responsibility of every Christian to do whatever they can do to spread the Gospel. God rewards those who are faithful with eternal life in Heaven with Him. The words "Blood and Fire" as the "war cry" of the Salvation Army. It is Jesus' blood that washes us clean from sin and it is the fire of the Holy Spirit that makes us pure and helps us live lives that are pleasing to God. The crown represents the "Crown of Life and Glory" which God will give to all those who have been faithful to Him (James 1:12). Notes

Question: Founded in 1879, what is the official news publication of the Salvation Army?
Answer: 'WAR CRY'