What is the Latin Vulgate Bible? What is the Latin Vulgate Bible? Subscribe to our Question of the Week : Question: "What is the Latin Vulgate Bible?" Answer: “The Vulgate” is the popular name given to the Latin version of the Bible, a translation usually attributed to Jerome. Before Jerome’s time, as the number of Latin-speaking Christians grew, the Bible was translated into Latin so that the Christians of the time could understand it. It is believed that the first Latin translation was completed around A.D. 200, although no manuscripts of this era exist today. The first Latin manuscripts were surely created in North Africa, for it seems that the church in North Africa was Latin-speaking from the start as compared to the predominantly Greek-speaking churches in Asia and Europe. Two centuries later Pope Damasus I commissioned a scholar by the name Jerome to produce one standard Latin text of the Bible; there were as many different Latin versions of the Bible as there were different forms of the text, and Damasus wanted the church to have a standard version to promote universal doctrine. Jerome completed the translation in A.D.

400, and his version was known as the editio vulgate (the current text of Holy Scripture), because he used the common (or vulgar) language of early medieval times. Jerome started by revising the Gospels, using the Greek manuscripts available. This he did because of the vast differences he found in the various Latin texts that were available. About the same time, he started revising the Old Testament by using the Septuagint (a Greek version of the Old Testament). Jerome also translated the Old Testament into Latin by using the Hebrew text, a task he did without ecclesiastical sanction. The present Vulgate contains elements which belong to every period of its development, including (1) an unrevised Old Latin text of the Book of Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, 1 and 2 Maccabees, and Baruch; (2) an Old Latin form of the Psalter, which Jerome corrected from the Septuagint; (3) Jerome's free translation of the books of Job and Judith; (4) Jerome's translation from the Hebrew Old Testament excluding the Psalter; (5) an Old Latin revision of the Gospels from Greek manuscripts; (6) an Old Latin New Testament, revised.

Some of the books mentioned belong to a division known as the " Apocrypha ," normally considered books of Jewish origin which lie outside the canon of the Old Testament. Vulgate | Define Vulgate at Dictionary.com Vulgate [vuhl-geyt, -git] /ˈvʌl geɪt, -gɪt/ Spell noun 1. the Latin version of the Bible, prepared chiefly by Saint Jerome at the end of the 4th century a.d., and used as the authorized version of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. (lowercase) any commonly recognized text or version of a work. adjective of or relating to the Vulgate. 4. (lowercase) commonly used or accepted; common. Origin of Vulgate < Late Latin vulgāta (editiō) popular (edition); vulgāta, feminine past participle of vulgāre to make common, publish, derivative of vulgus the public. See vulgar , -ate 1 Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for Vulgate Expand British Dictionary definitions for Vulgate Expand a commonly recognized text or version 2. everyday or informal speech; the vernacular adjective noun 1.

(from the 13th century onwards) the fourth-century version of the Bible produced by Jerome, partly by translating the original languages, and partly by revising the earlier Latin text based on the Greek versions (as modifier): the Vulgate version Word Origin C17: from Medieval Latin Vulgāta, from Late Latin vulgāta editiō popular version (of the Bible), from Latin vulgāre to make common, from vulgus the common people Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for Vulgate Expand n. c.1600, Latin translation of the Bible, especially that completed in 405 by St.

Jerome (c.340-420), from Medieval Latin Vulgata, from Late Latin vulgata "common, general, ordinary, popular" (in vulgata editio "popular edition"), from Latin vulgata, fem. past participle of vulgare "make common or public," from vulgus "the common people" (see vulgar ). So called because the translations made the book accessible to the common people of ancient Rome. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Biblia Sacra Vulgata (VULGATE) - Version Information - BibleGateway.com × Step 1 - Create an account or log in to start your free trial. Starting your free trial of Bible Gateway Plus is easy. You’re already logged in with your Bible Gateway account. The next step is to enter your payment information. Your credit card won’t be charged until the trial period is over. You can cancel anytime during the trial period. Click the button below to continue. Next × Step 1 - Create an account or log in to start your subscription. You’ve already claimed your free trial of Bible Gateway Plus.

To subscribe at our regular subscription rate of $3.99/month, click the button below. Next × Already Subscribed It looks like you’re already subscribed to Bible Gateway Plus! To manage your subscription, visit your Bible Gateway account settings . Close this window × Want an ad-free Bible Gateway? Try Bible Gateway Plus, a brand-new service that lets you experience Bible Gateway free of banner ads! It also gives you instant access to over 40 Bible study and inspirational devotional books, including the NIV Study Bible. With Bible Gateway Plus, you can experience and understand God's Word in life-changing new ways, without the distraction of ads. Try it free for 30 days—you can cancel at any time. Following your 30-day free trial, Bible Gateway Plus is only $3.99/month. Try Today What Is the Vulgate? By N.S. Gill's Ancient/Classical History Glossary Definition: The Vulgate is a Latin translation of the Bible, written in the late 4th century and start of the 5th, largely by the Dalmatia-born Eusebius Hieronymus ( St.

Jerome ), who had been taught at Rome by the rhetoric teacher Aelius Donatus, otherwise known for advocating punctuation and as the author of a grammar and biography of Virgil. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to work on the four Gospels, Jerome's version of Holy Scripture became the standard Latin version, replacing many other less scholarly works. Although he was commissioned to work on the Gospels, he went further, translating most of the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew that includes apocryphal works not included in the Hebrew Bibles. Jerome's work became known as the editio vulgata 'common edition' (a term also used for the Septuagint), whence Vulgate. (It might be worth noting that the term "Vulgar Latin" uses this same adjective for 'common.') The four Gospels had been written in Greek, thanks to the spread of that language in the area conquered by Alexander the Great.

continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know The pan-Hellenic dialect spoken in the Hellenistic era (a term for the era following the death of Alexander in which Greek culture was dominant) is called Koine -- like a the Greek equivalent of Vulgar Latin -- and is distinguished, largely by simplification, from the earlier, Classical Attic Greek. Even the Jews living in areas with concentrations of Jews, like Syria, spoke this form of Greek. The Hellenistic world gave way to Roman dominance, but Koine continued in the East. Latin was the language of those living in the West. When Christianity became acceptable, the Greek Gospels were translated by various people into Latin for use in the West. As always, translation is not exact, but an art, based on skill and interpretation, so there were conflicting and inelegant Latin versions that it became Jerome's task to improve upon. It is not known how much Jerome translated of the New Testament beyond the four Gospels. For both Old and New Testaments, Jerome compared available Latin translations with the Greek. While the Gospels had been written in Greek, the Old Testament had been written in Hebrew.

The Latin Old Testament translations Jerome worked with had been derived from the Septuagint. Later Jerome consulted the Hebrew, creating an entirely new translation of the Old Testament. Jerome's OT translation, however, didn't have the Seputagint's cachet. Jerome did not translate the Apocrypha beyond Tobit and Judith, translated loosely from Aramaic. [Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology .] For more on the Vulgate, see the European History Guide's Vulgate Profile . Examples: Here's a list of the MSS of the Vulgate from Notes on the early history of the Vulgate Gospels By John Chapman (1908): A. Codex Amiatinus, c. 700; Florence, Laurentian Library, MS. I. B. Bigotianus, 8th~9th cent., Paris lat . 281 and 298. C. Cavensis, 9th cent., Abbey of Cava dei Tirreni, near Salerno. D. Dublinensis, 'the book of Armagh,' A.D. 812, Trin. Coll. E.

Egerton Gospels, 8th-9th cent., Brit. Mus. Egerton 609. F. Fuldensis, c. 545, preserved at Fulda. G. San-Germanensis, 9th cent. (in St. Matt. 'g'), Paris lat. 11553. H. Hubertianus, 9th-10th cent., Brit . Mus. Add. 24142. I. Ingolstadiensis, 7th cent., Munich, Univ. 29. J. Foro-Juliensis, 6th~7th cent., at Cividale in Friuli; parts at Prague and Venice. K. Karolinus, c. 840-76, Brit . Mus. Add. 10546. L. Lichfeldensis,' Gospels of St. Chad,' 7th-8th cent., Lichfield Cath. M. Mediolanensis, 6th cent., Bibl. Ambrosiana, C. 39, Inf. O. Oxoniensis, 'Gospels of St . Augustine,' 7th cent., Bodl.

857 (Auct. D. 2.14). P. Perusinus, 6th cent. (fragment), Perugia, Chapter Library. Q. Kenanensis,1 Book of Kells,' 7th-8th cent., Trin. Coll., Dublin. R. Rushworthianus, 'Gospels of McRegol,' before 820, Bodl. Auct. D. 2. 19. S. Stonyhurstensis, 7th cent. (St. John only), Stonyhurst, near Blackburn. T. Toletanus, l0th cent., Madrid, National Library. U. Ultratrajectina fragmenta, 7th-8th cent., attached to the Utrecht Psalter, Univ. Libr. MS. eccl. 484. V. Vallicellanus, 9th cent., Rome, Vallicella Library, B. 6. W. William of Hales's Bible, A.D. 1294, Brit. Mus. Reg. I. B. xii. X. Cantabrigiensis, 7th cent.,'Gospels of St.

Augustine,' Corpus Christi Coll, Cambridge, 286. Y. 'Ynsulae' Lindisfarnensis, 7th-8th cent., Brit. Mus. Cotton Nero D. iv. Z. Harleianus, 6th~7th cent, Brit . Mus. Harl. 1775. AA. Beneventanus, 8th~9th cent., Brit. Mus. Add. 5463. BB. Dunelmensis, 7th-8th cent., Durham Chapter Library, A. ii. 16. 3>. Epternacensis, 9th cent., Paris lat. 9389. CC. Theodulfianus, 9th cent., Paris lat. 9380. DD. Martino-Turonensis, 8th cent., Tours Library, 22. Burch. 'Gospels of St. Burchard,' 7th-8th cent., Würzburg Univ. Library, Mp. Th. f. 68. Reg. Brit. Mus. Reg. i. B. vii, 7th-8th cent.

Go to Other Ancient / Classical History Glossary pages beginning with the letter Vulgate | Definition of Vulgate by Merriam-Webster 1 capitalized : a Latin version of the Bible authorized and used by the Roman Catholic Church 2 : a commonly accepted text or reading 3 : the speech of the common people and especially of uneducated people Vulgate Index Jump to Contents This is the Latin Bible, or 'Vulgate'. Translated from the Hebrew and Aramaic by Jerome between 382 and 405 CE, this text became knowns as the 'versio vulgata', which means 'common translation'. 'Vulgate' should not to be confused with the term 'vulgar', which has taken on a divergent meaning in modern English. The collection and order of the books which make up this version of the Bible differs slightly from the ones in the King James Version , it includes several of the Apocrypha . The Vulgate was the standard version of the Bible for Roman Catholics for over one and a half millenia.

Since Latin was only studied by priests and scholars, the vast majority of people could not read or understand the Vulgate, even though they would hear passages from it every time they went to church. Until 1450, when Gutenberg printed this text, copies were also very rare and expensive. During the Protestant reformation in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Bible was finally translated into modern languages, against great resistance from the Church. Finally in the mid-20th Century, the Roman Catholic church abandoned the use of Latin for liturgy. However, this remains one of the most historically important Latin texts. The Latin text presented here and in the Polyglot Bible is based on the text of the 1598 Vulgate, which was used as the standard text of the Vulgate until 1979. It is derived from data files created by the Clementine Vulgate Project (for more information, see which have been released into the public domain. Vulgate - definition of Vulgate by The Free Dictionary Vulgate - definition of Vulgate by The Free Dictionary 1. The common speech of a people; the vernacular. 2. A widely accepted text or version of a work. 3.

Vulgate The Latin edition or translation of the Bible made by Saint Jerome at the end of the fourth century ad, now used in a revised form as the Roman Catholic authorized version. [Medieval Latin Vulgāta, from Late Latin vulgāta (editiō), popular (edition), from Latin, feminine past participle of vulgāre, to make known to all, from vulgus, the common people.] vulgate 1. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) a commonly recognized text or version 2. everyday or informal speech; the vernacular adj n (Bible) a. (from the 13th century onwards) the fourth-century version of the Bible produced by Jerome, partly by translating the original languages, and partly by revising the earlier Latin text based on the Greek versions b. (as modifier): the Vulgate version. [C17: from Medieval Latin Vulgāta, from Late Latin vulgāta editiō popular version (of the Bible), from Latin vulgāre to make common, from vulgus the common people] Vul•gate (ˈvʌl geɪt, -gɪt) n. 1.

a Latin version of the Bible prepared chiefly by Saint Jerome at the end of the 4th century A.D. and used as an authorized version of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. (l.c.) any commonly recognized text or version of a work. adj. 3. of or pertaining to the Vulgate. 4. (l.c.) commonly used or accepted; common. [1605–15; < Late Latin vulgāta (editiō) popular (edition); vulgāta, feminine past participle of vulgāre to make common, publish, derivative of vulgus the public] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Vulgate - the Latin edition of the Bible translated from Hebrew and Greek mainly by St.

Jerome at the end of the 4th century; as revised in 1592 it was adopted as the official text for the Roman Catholic Church Church of Rome , Roman Catholic Church , Roman Church , Western Church , Roman Catholic - the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy Translations Vulgate [ˈvʌlgeɪt] n (Bible) the Vulgate → la Vulgata Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Church of Rome References in classic literature ? one of those disorderly men, who, taking on them the sacred character without due cause, profane the holy rites, and endanger the souls of those who take counsel at their hands; lapides pro pane condonantes iis, giving them stones instead of bread as the Vulgate hath it. Ossa enis perfringam, I will break your bones, as the Vulgate hath it.

View in context As we know, the Vulgate Queste, preserved in some fifty-eight manuscripts which fall into two main families, [Alpha] and [Beta], is not the only version of the Queste. Erasmus and the Middle Ages: The Historical Consciousness of a Christian Humanist. (Reviews) An examination of six passages where the Vatican is implied to have approved deletion of a masculine word (man, men or him), shows, astonishingly, that the Catholic Vulgate Latin Bible (rigorously faithful mirror of the original Greek) has no masculine word in the passage. New USA "feminist" lectionary Since these included the Great Yasts in essentially the same form as found in the Sassanid vulgate, one can use genealogies of the Fravardin Yast along with certain assumptions about the Zoroastrianization of the Yasts, to push for 1100 as the latest date for the prophet, though it is clear that a much earlier date is to be sought. The Latin Vulgate Unmasked At Last!! Stauros Greek for WOOD Saint John was an eyewitness to all the events that took place at the death of the Messiah: And he bearing his WOOD (Gk.

stauros) went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha. (John 19:17). What SHAPE the wood was it doesn't say but it was probably a flat board. The Romans never wasted time digging holes but nailed the condemned to a wooden board and then that was nailed to a tree. Saint Peter was another eyewitness to these momentous events in Jerusalem: And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree (Gk. xylon). (Acts 10:39). Jerome introduced the word CRUX into the Latin Vulgate Version: For Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel: not in wisdom of speech, lest the CROSS (Lat. CRUX) of Christ should be made void. (I Corinthians 1:17, Douay-Rheims Version). You can be sure that the old Latin Vulgate that preceded Jerome never used the word CROSS to describe the Greek word STAUROS. IN HOC SIGNO VINCES or IN THIS SIGN CONQUER.

Before Emperor Constantine, Jerome would never have used the word cross (crux) because it was unknown to the early Christians . . . except as a pagan Mithraic sun worship symbol. Crosses have been found in every country and were a common symbol in the New World before its discovery by John Cabot. The cross is the one indispensable MARK of the Papal Roman Empire. The cross is the one indispensable symbol of the Latin Church and its association with Christianity is another proof of the Great Apostasy predicted by Saint Paul. Have you NOURISHED your hair today?? St. Paul said that it is a SHAME for a man to have long hair: Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame unto him? (I Corinthians 11:14). In the Bible, demons are always depicted as males with LONG HAIR: And the shapes of the locusts (demons) were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.

And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions (Revelation 9:7-8). The style of hair at the time of Saint Paul was SHORT for men as can be seen on all the statues or coins of the Caesars. Bust of Tiberius Caesar. Most men wore their hair short in the ancient world. Jupiter/Zeus had long hair and many times his pagan priests grew their hair long as a sign of devotion to their false god. The only exception to this rule was Samson who was commanded by JEHOVAH not to cut his hair. Bust of Zeus. When Jerome changed the name of the Messiah from Joshua to Jesus, the Vatican "Jesus" began to look a lot like Zeus with long hair. The Latin Vulgate says that if a man NOURISH his hair, it is a shame unto him? Doth not even nature itself teach you that a man indeed, if he nourish his hair (Lat. nutriat), it is a shame unto him? (Douay-Rheims Version). Does this prohibit shampoos for men?

On the other hand, women are encouraged to nourish their hair: But if a woman nourish (Lat. nutriat) her hair, it is a glory to her; for her hair is given to her for a covering (Douay-Rheims Version). This is GOOD NEWS for cosmetics' manufacturers. Until very recently, Christian women covered their heads when they prayed. Sodomites were expelled from the Latin Vulgate Version!! According to the Bible, JEHOVAH created Adam and Eve . . . not Adam and Steve. In the Old Covenant, homosexuality was called SODOMY after the perverted city of Sodom that was destroyed by fire: Then JEHOVAH rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from JEHOVAH out of heaven (Genesis 19:24). The Holy Bible has a lot to say about sodomy or homosexuality and Jesus said that the world would be just like Sodom and Gomorrah before His Second Coming: But the same day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all.

Even thus shall it be in the day when the Son of man is revealed (Luke 17: 29-30). JEHOVAH told Israel: There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel. (Deuteronomy 23:17). There shall be no whore among the daughters of Israel, nor whoremonger among the sons of Israel. (Deuteronomy 23:17, Douay-Rheims Version). Sodomite is changed to EFFEMINATE in the Latin Vulgate: And there were also sodomites in the land: and they did according to all the abominations of the nations which JEHOVAH cast out before the children of Israel (I Kings 14:24). There were also the effeminate in the land, and they did according to all the abominations of the people, whom the Lord had destroyed before the face of the children of Israel (Douay-Rheims Version). And he (Jehoshaphat) took away the sodomites out of the land, and removed all the idols that his fathers had made. (I Kings 15:12).

And he took away the effeminate out of the land, and removed all the filth of the idols, which his fathers had made. (Douay-Rheims Version). These changes are also found in I Kings 22:46 and 2 Kings 23:7. The ROCK was expelled from the Latin Vulgate Version!! When Joshua first met Peter, he called him Cephas which is interpreted as A STONE: And he (Andrew) brought him to Joshua. And when Joshua beheld him, he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jonah: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is by interpretation, A stone (St. John 1:42). Here is how the Latin Vulgate explains this verse: And he brought him to Jesus. And Jesus looking upon him, said: Thou art Simon the son of Jona. Thou shalt be called Cephas, which is interpreted Peter (Douay-Rheims Version). That really explains what Cephas means. In the Old Covenant, JEHOVAH is called a ROCK at least 15 times.

Most of them are MISSING in the Latin Vulgate: He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: an Elohim of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he (Deuteronomy 32:4). The works of God are perfect, and all his ways are judgments: God is faithful and without any iniquity, he is just and right. (Douay-Rheims Version). Of the Rock that begat thee thou art unmindful, and hast forgotten Elohim that formed thee (Deuteronomy 32:18). Thou hast forsaken the God that begot thee, and hast forgotten the Lord that created thee (Douay-Rheims Version). For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges (Deuteronomy 32:31). For our God is not as their gods: our enemies themselves are judges (Douay-Rheims Version). For who is Elohim save JEHOVAH? or who is a rock save Elohim? (Psalm 18:31). For who is God but JEHOVAH? or who is God but our God? (Douay-Rheims Version).

The conclusion of the matter is this: Peter is A STONE and Christ is the ROCK; Ye also, as living stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to Elohim by Joshua the Christ (I St. Peter 2:5). The Bible is the only weapon that a Christian has to defend against the attacks of Satan. The Latin Vulgate lauds Virgin Mary worship Since the beginning of time, Satan has exalted mother goddess worship over the worship of JEHOVAH. The humble virgin who gave birth to the Messiah had the common Jewish name of Miriam . . . not Maria or Mary!! Egyptian goddess Isis breast feeding Horus. Before the coming of the Messiah, every country except Israel was involved in perverted mother goddess worship. The goddess was called Isis in Egypt, Aphrodite in Greece, Venus in Rome, Kali in India, Shing Moo in China, Kannon in Japan, Coatlicue in Mexico etc., etc. Diana of the Ephesians.

The preaching of the Gospel of the Risen Christ was dealing a death blow to the mother goddess: So that not only this our craft is in danger to be set at nought; but also that the temple of the great goddess Diana should be despised, and her magnificence should be destroyed, whom all Asia and the world worshippeth(Acts 19:27). This was a fulfillment of the great prophecy of Genesis chapter 3 where JEHOVAH promised that the seed of the woman would crush the serpent's head: And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; he shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel (Genesis 3:15). The Latin Vulgate Version changed the word HE to SHE: I will put enmities between thee and the woman, and thy seed and her seed: she shall crush thy head, and thou shalt lie in wait for her heel (Douay-Rheims Version).

When Miriam was visited by the angel Gabriel to announce the virgin birth of the Messiah, Gabriel said that she was highly favored of the Lord: And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women (Luke 1:28). The Latin Vulgate says that Miriam was full of grace: And the angel being come in, said unto her: Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women (Latin Vulgate Version). This gave rise to the false teaching of Mariolatry. Here is the Latin Rosary or prayer to Mary: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen. This is nothing but the old pagan mother goddess worship under a "Christian" mantle. Madonna and Child by Madonna and Child by Pompeo Batoni. And so we see that all the corrupt practices and doctrines of the Latin Church have their origin in the Latin Vulgate of Jerome.

Father Abraham got JUSTICE from Jerome!! One of the greatest doctrines of the Holy Bible is justification by FAITH....St. Paul–founder of the Roman Congregation–said: For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed Elohim, and it was counted unto him for righteousness (Romans 4:3). Even as Abraham believed Elohim, and it was accounted to him for righteousness (Galatians 3:6). St. Paul quotes from a verse about Abraham prove this doctrine: And he (Abraham) believed in JEHOVAH and he counted it to him for righteousness (Genesis 15:6). Now let's see how Jerome replaces RIGHTEOUSNESS with JUSTICE: Abram believed God, and it was reputed to him unto justice(Douay-Rheims Version). For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God: and it was reputed to him unto justice (Douay-Rheims Version). As it is written: Abraham believed God: and it was reputed to him unto justice (Douay-Rheims Version).

The Council of Trent condems this belief in justification by Faith ALONE: But, although it is necessary to believe that sins neither are remitted, nor ever were remitted save gratuitously by the mercy of God for Christ's sake; yet is it not to be said, that sins are forgiven, or have been forgiven, to any one who boasts of his confidence and certainty of the remission of his sins, and rests on that alone; seeing that it may exist, yea does in our day exist, amongst heretics and schismatics; and with great vehemence is this vain confidence, and one alien from all godliness, preached up in opposition to the Catholic Church. But neither is this to be asserted,—that they who are truly justified must needs, without any doubting whatever, settle within themselves that they are justified, and that no one is absolved from sins and justified, but he that believes for certain that he is absolved and justified; and that absolution and justification are effected by this faith alone: as though whoso has not this belief, doubts of the promises of God, and of the efficacy of the death and resurrection of Christ.

For even as no pious person ought to doubt of the mercy of God, of the merit of Christ, and of the virtue and efficacy of the sacraments, even so each one, when he regards himself, and his own weakness and indisposition, may have fear and apprehension touching his own grace; seeing that no one can know with a certainty of faith, which cannot be subject to error, that he has obtained the grace of God. ( Council of Trent, Sixth Session) . Another fatal error of Jerome was to change the warning about the Mark of the Beast. Mark of the Beast is expelled from the Latin Vulgate Version!! The Book of Revelation is a history of the Christian Congregation from the First to the Second Coming of Christ told in symbols or picture language. The book exposes the career of Antichrist and his war against the saints. St. John said: And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom.

Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is 666 (Revelation 13:16-18). The Bible issues a dire warning to anyone who takes the Mark of the Beast or becomes the Pope's follower: And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand, The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of Elohim, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name (Revelation 14:9-11). Jerome's Latin Vulgate changes the word MARK into CHARACTER (Lat. caracter).

Character is a transliteration of the Greek word CHARAGMA meaning a stamp or an imprinted mark: And he shall make all, both little and great, rich and poor, freemen and bondmen, to have a character in their right hand or on their foreheads: And that no man might buy or sell, but he that hath the character, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. (Douay-Rheims Version)). And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice: If any man shall adore the beast and his image and receive his character in his forehead or in his hand, He also shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is mingled with pure wine in the cup of his wrath: and shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the sight of the holy angels and in the sight of the Lamb. And the smoke of their torments, shall ascend up for ever and ever: neither have they rest day nor night, who have adored the beast and his image and whoever receiveth the character of his name (Douay-Rheims Version). Every other translation uses the correct word MARK to translate charagma.

The Romans did have a word for MARK which Jerome used in Ezekiel 9:4: And the Lord said to him: Go through the midst of the city, through the midst of Jerusalem: and mark Thau upon the foreheads of the men that sigh, and mourn for all the abominations that are committed in the midst thereof (Ezekiel 9:4, Douay-Rheims Version). Jerome was a CHARACTER indeed whose translation filled the Holy Bible with HOLES. Jerome said that JOSHUA went to HELL!! It is beyond belief but Jerome said that JOSHUA the sinless Son of God went to HELL....This mistranslation is the foundation of the Vatican's falsely so-called "Apostles' Creed." This is just more proof what a lousy translators JEROME was and his complete lack of Biblical knowledge. Here is his translation of St. Peter's sermon on the Day of Pentecost: Foreseeing this, he (King David) spoke of the resurrection of Christ. For neither was he left in hell (Latin: inferno): neither did his flesh see corruption. (Acts 2:31) (Douay-Rheims Version).

King David was quoting from the Old Covenant Psalm 16:10 (Psalm 15:10 in the Vulgate) because Psalm 9 & 10 are considered ONE Psalm in the Vulgate: Because thou wilt not leave my soul in hell (Latin: inferno); nor wilt thou give thy holy one to see corruption (Douay-Rheims Version). Here is the same verse in English translated from the Greek Textus Receptus or Byzantine Text: He, foreseeing this, spoke concerning the resurrection of the Christ, that His soul was not left in Hades, nor did His flesh see corruption (Acts 2:31). In the New Covenant, the Greek word HADES is used to describe 2 destination for the dead before the Resurrection of Christ. These 2 destinations were: 1. 2. Torments. The righteous dead, along with little children, went to Paradise or Abraham's Bosom . . . and the wicked went to Torments. HELL in the New Covenant is always associated with FIRE and when people say "go to HELL" they always mean a very, very nasty unpleasant place: And do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul.

But rather fear Him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell (Greek: gehenna) (Matthew 10:28). The closest equivalent of the Greek gehenna is the Hebrew topheth: For Tophet is ordained of old; yea, for the king (Satan) it is prepared; he hath made it deep and large: the pile thereof is fire and much wood; the breath of JEHOVAH, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it. (Isaiah 30:33). When Joshua died on the tree, He went to Paradise or Abraham's Bosom . . . not to hell: And Joshua said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, Today shalt thou be with me in PARADISE (Luke 23:43). Even Jerome could not corrupt that verse: And Jesus said to him: Amen I say to thee: This day thou shalt be with me in paradise (Latin: paradiso) (Luke 23:43). (Douay-Rheims Version).

After the Resurrection, ALL believers in Christ go straight to HEAVEN along with children who are too young to sin: Holocaust comes from the Latin Vulgate Version!! The word HOLOCAUST comes from the Latin Vulgate and appears 359 times. In the English Bible, the word is translated BURNT OFFERING or sacrifice by fire: And Noah built an altar untoJEHOVAH: and taking of all cattle and fowls that were clean, offered holocausts (Lat. holocausta) upon the altar. (Genesis 8:20, Douay-Rheims Version). Here is the famous story of JEHOVAH commanding Abraham to offer up his son Isaac (a type of Christ) as a burnt offering: Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw behind his back a ram, amongst the briers, sticking fast by the horns, which he took and offered for a holocaust (Lat. holocaustum) instead of his son. (Genesis 22:13, Douay-Rheims Version). The Khazars in the Mideast are always crying about an imaginary "Holocaust." This 6 million hoax serves to win them sympathy throughout the world.

According to the World Almanac and Book of Facts, there were about 15,000,000 "Jews" in the world in 1934. According to the same source, there were just about the same number in 1946. World Almanac and Book of Facts for 1934 Religious Population of the World Sect Vulgate | sacred text | Britannica.com sacred text Bible Vulgate, (from the Latin editio vulgata: “common version”), Latin Bible used by the Roman Catholic Church , primarily translated by St. Jerome . In 382 Pope Damasus commissioned Jerome, the leading biblical scholar of his day, to produce an acceptable Latin version of the Bible from the various translations then being used. His revised Latin translation of the Gospels appeared about 383. Using the Septuagint Greek version of the Old Testament , he produced new Latin translations of the Psalms (the so-called Gallican Psalter), the Book of Job, and some other books.

Later, he decided that the Septuagint was unsatisfactory and began translating the entire Old Testament from the original Hebrew versions, a process that he completed about 405. Page from the prologue of the Gospel of St. John, Clementine Vulgate, 1922 edition. Marie-Lan Nguyen Jerome’s translation was not immediately accepted, but from the mid-6th century a complete Bible with all the separate books bound in a single cover was commonly used. It usually contained Jerome’s Old Testament translation from the Hebrew, except for the Psalms; his Gallican Psalter; his translation of the books of Tobias (Tobit) and Judith (apocryphal in the Jewish and Protestant canons); and his revision of the Gospels. The remainder of the New Testament was taken from older Latin versions, which may have been slightly revised by Jerome. Certain other books found in the Septuagint—the Apocrypha for Protestants and Jews; the deuterocanonical books for Roman Catholics—were included from older versions.

Saint Jerome - A Concise Biography Saint Jerome Medieval History Expert By Melissa Snell Jerome (in Latin, Eusebius Hieronymus) was one of the most important scholars of the early Christian Church. His translation of the Bible into Latin would become the standard edition throughout the Middle Ages, and his viewpoints on monasticism would be influential over the centuries. Childhood and Education of St. Jerome Jerome was born at Stridon (probably near Ljubljana, Slovenia) sometime around 347 C.E. The son of a well-off Christian couple, he began his education at home, then continued it in Rome, where his parents sent him when he was about 12 years old. Seriously interested in learning, Jerome studied grammar, rhetoric, and philosophy with his teachers, read as much Latin literature as he could get his hands on, and spent a great deal of time in the catacombs under the city. Toward the end of his schooling, he was formally baptized, possibly by the pope himself (Liberius). The Travels of St. Jerome For the next two decades, Jerome traveled widely.

continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States In Treveris (present-day Trier), he became extremely interested in monasticism. In Aquileia, he became associated with a group of ascetics who congregated around Bishop Valerianus; this group included Rufinus, a scholar who translated Origen (a 3rd-century Alexandrian theologian). Rufinus would become Jerome's close friend and, later, his adversary. Next he went on a pilgrimage to the East, and when he reached Antioch in 374, he became a guest of the priest Evagrius. Here Jerome may have written De septies percussa (“Concerning Seven Beatings”), his earliest known work. St. Jerome's Dream In early spring of 375 Jerome became severely ill and had a dream that would have a profound impact on him. In this dream, he was hauled in front of a heavenly court and accused of being a follower of Cicero (a Roman philosopher from the first century B.C.), and not a Christian; for this crime he was horribly whipped. When he woke up, Jerome vowed that he would never again read pagan literature -- or even own it.

Soon after, he wrote his first critical interpretive work: a commentary on the Book of Obadiah. Decades later, Jerome would minimize the importance of the dream and disown the commentary; but at the time, and for years afterward, he would not read the classics for pleasure. St. Jerome in the Desert Not long after this experience, Jerome set off to become a hermit in the desert of Chalcis in the hopes of finding inner peace. The experience proved to be a great trial: He had no guide and no experience in monasticism ; his weak stomach rebelled against desert food; he spoke only Latin and was terribly lonely among Greek- and Syriac-speakers; and he was frequently plagued by temptations of the flesh. Yet Jerome always maintained he was happy there. He dealt with his troubles by fasting and praying, learned Hebrew from a Jewish convert to Christianity, worked hard to practice his Greek, and kept in frequent correspondence with the friends he'd made in his travels. He also had the manuscripts he'd brought with him copied for his friends and acquired new ones. After a few years, however, the monks in the desert became involved in a controversy concerning the bishopric of Antioch.

A Westerner among Easterners, Jerome found himself in a difficult position and left Chalcis. St. Jerome Becomes a Priest He returned to Antioch, where Evagrius once again served as his host and introduced him to important Church leaders, including Bishop Paulinus. Jerome had developed a reputation as a great scholar and serious ascetic, and Paulinus wanted to ordain him as a priest. Jerome only agreed on the conditions that he be allowed to continue his monastic interests and that he would never be forced to take on priestly duties. Jerome spent the next three years in intensive study of the scriptures. He was heavily influenced by Gregory of Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa, whose ideas about the Trinity would become standard in the Church. At one point, he traveled to Beroea where a community of Jewish Christians had a copy of a Hebrew text that they understood to be the original Gospel of Matthew. He continued to improve his understanding of Greek and came to admire Origen , translating 14 of his sermons into Latin. He also translated Eusebius' Chronicon (Chronicles) and extended it to the year 378. St.

Jerome in Rome In 382 Jerome returned to Rome and became secretary to Pope Damasus. The pontiff urged him to write some short tracts explaining the scriptures, and he was encouraged to translate two of Origen's sermons on the Song of Solomon. Also while in the employ of the pope, Jerome used the best Greek manuscripts he could find to revise the Old Latin version of the Gospels, an attempt that wasn't entirely successful and, furthermore, wasn't very well received among the Roman clergy. While in Rome, Jerome led classes for noble Roman women -- widows and virgins -- who were interested in the monastic life. He also wrote tracts defending the idea of Mary as a perpetual virgin and opposing the idea that marriage was just as virtuous as virginity. Jerome found much of the Roman clergy to be lax or corrupt and did not hesitate to say so; that, along with his support of monasticism and his new version of the Gospels, provoked considerable antagonism among the Romans. After the death of Pope Damasus, Jerome left Rome and headed to the Holy Land. St.

Jerome in the Holy Land Accompanied by some of the virgins of Rome (who were led by Paula, one of his closest friends), Jerome journeyed throughout Palestine, visiting sites of religious importance and studying both their spiritual and archaeological aspects. After a year he settled in Bethlehem, where, under his direction, Paula completed a monastery for men and three cloisters for women. Here Jerome would live out the rest of his life, only leaving the monastery on short journeys. Jerome's monastic lifestyle did not keep him from getting involved in the theological controversies of the day, which resulted in many of his later writings. Arguing against the monk Jovinian, who maintained that marriage and virginity should be viewed as equally righteous, Jerome wrote Adversus Jovinianum. When the priest Vigilantius wrote a diatribe against Jerome, he responded with Contra Vigilantium, in which he defended, among other things, monasticism and clerical celibacy. His stand against the Pelagian heresy came to fruition in the three books of Dialogi contra Pelagianos. A powerful anti-Origen movement in the East influenced him, and he turned against both Origen and his old friend Rufinus.

St. Jerome and the Bible In the last 34 years of his life, Jerome wrote the bulk of his work. In addition to tracts on monastic life and defenses of (and attacks on) theological practices, he wrote some history, a few biographies, and many biblical exegeses. Most significantly of all, he recognized that the work he'd begun on the Gospels was inadequate and, using those editions considered most authoritative, he revised his earlier version. Jerome also translated books of the Old Testament into Latin. While the amount of work he did was considerable, Jerome didn't manage to make a complete translation of the Bible into Latin; however, his work formed the core of what would become, eventually, the accepted Latin translation known as The Vulgate . Jerome died in 419 or 420 C.E. In the later Middle Ages and Renaissance, Jerome would become a popular subject for artists, often depicted, incorrectly and anachronistically, in the robes of a cardinal. Saint Jerome is the patron saint of librarians and translators.

Question: Of what was the Vulgate a version?
Answer: The Bible