The woman who said yes to Winston Churchill | UK | News | Daily Express UK The woman who said yes to Winston Churchill WINSTON CHURCHILL first met Clementine Hozier briefly in 1904 when he was in love with Ethel Barrymore but their next meeting at a dinner party on March 15, 1908, was life changing for both of them. PUBLISHED: 00:01, Fri, Mar 15, 2013 Clementine Hozier was the wife of Sir Winston Churchill He was then 33 and about to enter the Cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. She was 22 and the impoverished granddaughter of the Earl of Airlie. She had a distinct penchant for older men and had already been engaged twice - firstly to a banker 15 years her senior then to a civil servant almost twice her age - and had broken it off both times. No doubt wary of another rejection Winston did not pursue Clemmie with as much ardour as he had his other paramours. In fact, in August 1908 he feared he might have overdone it and she was losing interest.

However his narrow escape from death in a house fire brought an anxious telegram from Clemmie. Winston invited her to Blenheim and as they took shelter from the rain in an ornamental Greek temple during an afternoon walk he proposed. She said yes. Her engagement ring - a large ruby with two diamonds - was one of the three Winston’s father had given his mother. The engagement was announced on August 15 and the wedding set for less than a month later on September 12. First though, Winston had to face Violet Asquith, the woman who was in love with him. She was on holiday with her family in Scotland and he ensured that she was told before the official announcement but still felt that he should speak to her face to face. Sir Winston Churchill and his wife Clementine make their way to No 10 Downing Street I do not love and never will love any woman in the world but you Winston Churchill A furious Clemmie threatened to break off their engagement but Winston insisted. Exactly what he said to Violet is unclear but she was distraught when he left and refused to attend the wedding. Days later she was found on a cliff path, having suffered a nervous breakdown.

As for Clemmie, Winston assured her: “I do not love and never will love any woman in the world but you.” And right up to his death in 1965 he never did. Related articles Clementine Churchill - Biography - IMDb Clementine Churchill Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (5) Overview (3) Clementine Ogilvy Hozier Mini Bio (1) Clementine Churchill was born on April 1, 1885 in Mayfair, London, England as Clementine Ogilvy Hozier. She was married to Winston Churchill . She died on December 12, 1977 in Knightsbridge, London. Spouse (1) ( 12 September 1908 - 24 January 1965) (his death) (5 children) Trivia (5) Grandmother of Winston Churchill , Celia Sandys , Arabella Churchill , and Nicholas Soames . Mother-in-law of Pamela Harriman during her marriage to Randolph; Vic Oliver and Anthony Beauchamp during their marriages to Sarah; and Christopher Soames during his marriage to Mary.

While living with her family in Dieppe, France in 1899, the then-14 year old Clementine met and became infatuated with the much-older Walter Sickert , describing him to her daughter years later as the most-handsome and compelling man she had ever met. Winston Churchill's wife Clementine played central role in winning the war | Daily Mail Online comments They say behind every strong man is a woman just as formidable. And it appears Sir Winston Churchill was no exception to the rule, as a new exhibition has revealed how the world's leaders came to admire his wife Clementine and shower her with tokens of affection. An exhibition of gifts given to the Churchill family are on display at their former home in Chartwell, Kent, including one sent from Charles de Gaulle to the former prime minister's wife near the end of the Second World War. Sir Winston Churchill pictured with his beloved wife Clementine who earned the respect of world leaders in her 'tireless' support of her husband Among others are trinkets thanking her for her role in coordinating aid to Russia, a cut-glass fruit bowl from Stalin, and a collection of silverware from the town of Sheffield.

A spokesman for the National Trust said the display of 30 pieces reflects the strong influence had by Clementine Churchill over state and international business. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share 'She helped maintain difficult relationships and worked quietly behind the scenes for the war effort,' said Judith Evans, house and collections manager at the property. 'She made sure they dined with the right people and led by example in keeping domestic life going,' she told the Daily Telegraph. One such well-suited dinner guest was the former president of the French Republic, who sent a lalique crystal cockerel after an argument had over the Churchills' dinner table. Among the gifts displayed at the family's former home in Chartwell, Kent, is a cigar box sent by the King Peter II of Yugoslavia A cigar box with the former prime minister's portrait engraved on it was a gift from the 3rd Battalion 11th Sikh Regiment at Tehran 'When he went away, he felt very keenly that he had upset her and the cockerel is supposed to have been sent to appease her,' added Ms Evans.

A Viking Long Boat glass bowl with silver mounts was sent by Stalin after the Moscow Conference in 1944, while a brass brandy glass warmer a gift from Portugal. A large series of maps was sent as a Christmas gift by President Roosevelt in 1945 and King Peter II of Yugoslavia gave the family a silyer cigar box made by Asprey of London in 1942. Another cigar box with a portrait of Sir Winston on its front was sent as a 69th birthday gift from the 3rd Battalion 11th Sikh Regiment at Tehran. The family also received countless parcels of food, thank you cards and several animals from well-wishers all over the world. A brass brandy glass warmer in the shape of a donkey pulling a cart, a gift from Portugal, is among the gifts on display The couple knew how to keep good company, and frequently invited the 'right' people to dinner at their home A lion, white kangaroo and black swans were recorded as being received as gifts, but were not kept at the house. The exhibition called Gift of Power was opened by the couple's great-grandson Randolph Churchill and will be open to the public until February 23.

CLEMENTINE, THE RIGHT HONOURABLE BARONESS SPENCER-CHURCHILL The daughter of Sir Henry and Lady Blanche Hozier, Clementine spent her childhood in London's Mayfair before being relocated with her family to Dieppe, France. She was re-acquainted with Winston Churchill at a dinner party in 1908, after having met him four years earlier. After months of correspondence, Churchill wrote to her mother requesting her hand in marriage. On 12 September 1908, at St. Margaret's, Westminster, the pair married. Sir Winston was already a seasoned Parliamentarian before the couple had their five children. During the war the well-educated Clementine organised canteens for munitions workers on behalf of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in the North East Metropolitan Area of London. During World War II she was Chairman of the Red Cross Aid to Russia Fund, the President of the Young Women's Christian Association War Time Appeal and the Chairman of Fulmer Chase Maternity Hospital for Wives of Junior Officers. The Clementine Churchill Hospital in Harrow, Middlesex is named after her.

In 1946 she was appointed a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, becoming Dame Clementine Churchill GBE. Later, she was awarded honorary degrees by the University of Glasgow and the University of Oxford and later, in 1976, by the University of Bristol. In May 1965, she was created a life peer as Baroness Spencer-Churchill, of Chartwell in the County of Kent. She sat as a cross-bencher, but her growing deafness precluded her taking a regular part in parliamentary life. Lady Spencer-Churchill died in Princes Gate, Knightsbridge, London of a heart attack on 12 December 1977. She was 92 years old and had outlived her husband by almost 13 years. Stirring Affairs - Churchill and the Great Republic | Exhibitions - Library of Congress Churchill and the Great Republic Stirring Affairs Sections: An Age of Youth | Stirring Affairs | Finest Hour | Sword for Freedom | Unity & Strategy | Cold War & Long Sunset Clementine Winston Churchill and Clementine Hozier, 1908. Copyprint.

New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division , Library of Congress (48) Winston met Clementine Hozier for the first time in 1904, but the flame of romance was ignited at their second meeting in April 1908. After this second encounter, Winston threw himself into a lightning courtship. Just four months later, on Tuesday August 11, 1908, he chose the grounds of Blenheim Palace as the backdrop for his proposal. On display are the love letters that passed between the newly betrothed couple. They were married one month later at Saint Margaret's Church, Westminster, in London on September 12, 1908. The marriage was a lasting and happy one. Clementine created the stable home environment that allowed Winston to be so active. They wrote warmly to one another whenever apart but also had fiery arguments. Clementine was the critic Winston heeded above all others. Their letters often end with drawings that illustrate their pet names. He was her “pug” She was his “cat.” They had five children: Diana, Randolph, Sarah, Marigold, who died in infancy, and Mary.

A Walk Down the Garden Path In this note written by Winston to Clementine on the morning after she accepted his proposal of marriage (left), he suggests a walk in the rose garden after breakfast before her departure. The note would have been taken by one of Winston's footmen from his bedroom to the room in which Clementine was staying. In Clementine's reply (right), presumably carried back to an eagerly waiting Winston by the footman, she accepts his offer of a walk and asks for a letter about the engagement to present to her mother. Discover! He Was Her Pug, She Was His Cat Winston and Clementine ended their personal letters with simple drawings depicting their pet names for one another. He was her “pug,” she was his “cat.” Here, on the final page of a letter sent by Winston to Clementine from Germany a year into married life, Winston has drawn a “galloping pug - for European travel.” In the paragraph above he asks Clementine to kiss the “P.K.”—which stands for “puppy kitten”—his reference to their first baby.

Bookmark this item: #46_2 Engagement Photo Entranced by the beauty, intelligence, and character of the poor, but well-born, Clementine Hozier, Churchill welcomed an opportunity to be alone with her. Strolling together on the Blenheim Palace grounds, they took refuge from a sudden rainstorm in a small building. There he used all of his formidable eloquence to persuade her to marry him. She accepted, and in September 1908, as Winston later wrote, “I married and lived happily ever afterwards.” Winston Churchill and Clementine Hozier, 1908. Copyprint. New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division , Library of Congress (48) Bookmark this item: #48 Back to top Politics and Prominence In 1900 Churchill began a remarkable career in the same political world where his father, Randolph, had left a brilliant, if brief, impression. Elected to Parliament as a hero of the Boer War, Churchill soon became known for his indefatigable energy and rhetorical eloquence. A fervent advocate of free trade and low tariffs, he switched his political affiliation from Conservative to Liberal in 1904.

Many viewed his action as disloyal and opportunistic. Churchill's subsequent career, however, revealed strong inclinations toward social reform and a concern for the welfare of the less fortunate. Churchill's ascent to power became even more rapid after the Liberals won a decisive electoral victory in 1906. In swift succession, his party's leaders entrusted to him a series of important positions leading to a seat in the Cabinet. By 1911, at the age of thirty-six, he was serving as First Lord of the Admiralty—the civilian head of Britain's navy. On the eve of World War I the young politician had established himself as one of his nation's most influential public figures. Discover! His Father's Son When Churchill returned home from South Africa and prepared to enter the political world, the press began to compare him to his famous father. On the left is a caricature of Winston drawn by “Spy” before his election to Parliament. On the right is a caricature of Lord Randolph Churchill, drawn some twenty years earlier by the same artist.

Both images were used to illustrate a continuing series of articles in Vanity Fair entitled “Men of the Day.” The article that accompanied Winston's caricature stated, “He can write and he can fight. . . . But he can hardly be the slave of any party,” and ended “. . . his ways and manners are constant reminders of his father.” 1 of 2 “Spy” [Leslie Ward]. A Younger Son. From “The Vanity Fair Album: A Show of Statesmen, Judges, and Men of the Day,” vol. XII, 1880. Copyprint. Prints and Photographs Division , Library of Congress (43b) Bookmark this item: #43 Rising Conservative Star Churchill's birth and family connections often provided opportunities unavailable to other young politicians. This photograph shows him addressing a large political rally held in the summer of 1901 at his birthplace, Blenheim Palace. Seconding a resolution commending leaders of the Conservative (Unionist) Party, Churchill praised them for having brought the “colonies into line with the Mother Country” even as he condemned “the mischievous work” of the deceased Liberal Prime Minister William E. Gladstone.

Winston Churchill addressing Unionist Party meeting, August 10, 1901. Copyprint. Marlborough Papers, Manuscript Division , Library of Congress (43.1) Bookmark this item: #43_1 Teddy and Winnie Theodore Roosevelt met Churchill in December 1900 while the brash young English politician was lecturing in the United States. Roosevelt did not become an admirer. In this 1908 letter Roosevelt says that Winston's father Randolph “was a rather cheap character,” and that Winston “is a rather cheap character.” He would later add that both father and son displayed “levity, lack of sobriety, lack of permanent principle, and an inordinate thirst for that cheap form of admiration which is given to notoriety.” Theodore Roosevelt to Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. May 23, 1908. Page 2 . Facsimile of letterbook. Manuscript Division , Library of Congress (49) Bookmark this item: #49 Churchill and the Kaiser Churchill's interest in military affairs continued throughout his life. This 1909 photograph shows him attending German Army maneuvers with Kaiser Wilhelm.

In the accompanying letter to his cousin Marlborough, written “in the midst of stirring affairs” while serving as First Lord of the Admiralty, he derides the “military virtues” of Turkey and warns of a “far greater conflict” than the Balkan wars then taking place: “. . . the European situation is far from safe, & anything might happen.” 1 of 2 Bookmark this item: #59 The Dance of Politics Imagining that Liberal Prime Minister Henry Campbell-Bannerman would compare the vicissitudes of British parliamentary politics to a sea voyage, with sudden storms and calms, artist Edward Tennyson Reed caricatured leading public figures in the cartoon shown here. Campbell-Bannerman is the large figure in the left foreground; Churchill, then Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies (and soon to enter the cabinet as President of the Board of Trade), is depicted as the small sailor, second from the right. Edward Tennyson Reed. Parliamentary 'Liberty Men' Return to H.M.S. 'Loquacity,' 1908. Pencil drawing. Swann Collection, Prints and Photographs Division .

Library of Congress (53) LC-USZ62-94829 [Digital ID# cph 3b40997] Bookmark this item: #53 Churchill Loses A Bet In 1909 Churchill, then a Liberal, bet his Conservative cousin, the eighth Duke of Marlborough, that Parliament's House of Lords would not reject the reform budget as passed by the House of Commons. The Lords did in fact reject the measure, precipitating a constitutional crisis. Churchill's private secretary, Eddie Marsh, sent this payment with the explanation,“This is for Winston's budget bet. I didn't know jokes were allowed on cheques.” Marlborough never cashed the check, made out for the amount, “Twenty-five pounds—Cheap at the price.” Winston Churchill to The Duke of Marlborough. December 7, 1909. Printed and signed check. Marlborough Papers, Manuscript Division , Library of Congress (54) Bookmark this item: #54 Budget Crisis During the Budget Crisis of 1909-1912, Churchill was among the leaders of a movement to increase taxes on Britain's wealthiest inhabitants.

The Liberal Party, which Churchill had joined in 1904, desired additional revenue to fund social programs and increase defense spending. The House of Commons passed the measure in 1909, but the House of Lords, dominated by Conservative landowners, rejected the measure and forced new elections. This early recorded Churchill address gives a good indication of his progressive political philosophy. Discover! First Lord of the Admiralty In 1911 Prime Minister Herbert Asquith appointed Churchill First Lord of the Admiralty, the civilian head of Britain's Navy. The caricature displayed here portrays him as he smiles for a photographer. The man accompanying him may be David Lloyd George, a Liberal ally. Also shown is a letter to his young cousin, a naval officer critical of British foreign policy. Churchill advises him “to preserve a calm and sober view of men and things, avoiding disproportionate judgments and extravagant language.” 1 of 2 Back to top “Chequered Fortunes” The outbreak of World War I in 1914 offered Churchill his first opportunity to influence events on a global scale.

Dismayed by the development of the bloody stalemate in Europe, Churchill, the energetic First Lord of the Admiralty, promoted the development and use of such new weapons as airplanes and tanks. He also sent an expedition to attack Germany's ally, Turkey, through the Dardanelles Strait. This military effort failed, contributing to his fall from power. Widely blamed and thoroughly disheartened, Churchill volunteered for six months as an infantry officer on the western front and endured the hardships and dangers of trench warfare. In 1917, what he called his “chequered fortunes” changed, and he was returned to public office. Churchill took charge of Britain's armaments production and worked closely with his American counterparts until an armistice was concluded on November 11, 1918. In peacetime Churchill assumed even more responsible positions. As his government's special emissary, he had mixed success in coping with war-related disruptions in such widely separated places as Russia, Ireland, Palestine, and Iraq. By 1924 Churchill, a Conservative once more, had become Chancellor of the Exchequer, a post once held by his father and considered to be second only to that of prime minister.

The Dardanelles During the first months of World War I, Churchill energetically prosecuted the war at sea, but he soon became frustrated with the emerging deadlock on the Western front. He sent an expedition to attack Germany's ally, Turkey, through the Dardanelles Strait. Frustrated by the Navy's indecisive performance, Churchill drafted this memorandum quoting Shakespeare and Napoleon in an unsuccessful attempt to strengthen the resolve of his most senior Admiral, Lord “Jacky” Fisher. As the displayed letter from Churchill's brother Jack (then serving with the expeditionary forces) shows, the expedition was turning into a failure. Consequently, Churchill was fired from the Admiralty. 1 of 2 Bookmark this item: #63 Gallipoli This Australian-made map of the Gallipoli Peninsula and the Dardanelles Strait depicts the problems inherent in Churchill's plan to attack Constantinople (now Istanbul). The extensive minefields in the narrow waterway were covered by artillery, making it difficult for British minesweepers to operate. Amphibious operations were hampered by the rugged terrain on the peninsula.

The map also shows the sites of the landings by British, Australian, and New Zealand troops, as well as the places where British and French ships were sunk. H.E.C. Robinson. Dardanelles Sea of Marmara, Bosporus. Sydney: H.E.C. Robinson, ca. 1920. Geography and Map Division , Library of Congress (65) Bookmark this item: #65 New Weapons Throughout World War I, Churchill pushed for the development and effective use of new weapons. At the Admiralty, he was a forceful advocate of military aviation, and he played a large part in the development of “land ships,” later renamed “tanks,” in an effort to deceive the enemy. After he left the Admiralty, Churchill wrote this memorandum, urging the use of the new “Stokes” mortars in trench-warfare situations such as existed on the Gallipoli Peninsula. Winston Churchill to the Dardanelles Committee. October 4, 1915. Printed memorandum. Manuscript Division , Library of Congress (66.1).

© Crown copyright 1915 Bookmark this item: #66_1 Rugged Terrain of Gallipoli Churchill had originally tried to force passage through the Dardanelles Strait by ships alone. When this failed, landings became inevitable. Allied troops went ashore on April 25, 1915, and suffered heavy losses. This photograph depicts the beachhead and hints at the rugged terrain of the Gallipoli Peninsula that contributed to the failure of subsequent operations. Photograph of ANZAC Beach, Gallipoli Peninsula. Copyprint. Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge, U.K. (67.1) © Crown copyright 1915 Bookmark this item: #67_1 Churchill Takes Up Painting Divested of power and responsibility after the Dardanelles fiasco, Churchill sought outlets for his enormous store of creative energy. This sketch, by “Artist Unknown”—who may have been Churchill himself—depicts the ex-Minister painting the interior of his birthplace and family home, Blenheim Palace. Winston Churchill in Blenheim Palace, 1916. Page 2 . Pencil Drawing.

Marlborough Papers, Manuscript Division , Library of Congress (72) Bookmark this item: #72 The Life of an Infantry Colonel Widely blamed for the costly failure of the Dardanelles expedition, Churchill was forced out of government in 1915. In despair he left England and served for six months as a World War I infantry officer on the Western Front. This letter to the Duke of Marlborough reveals the dangers he encountered and his fatalistic determination. He also asked his kinsman whether he thought he exemplified their family motto “Fiel Pero Desdichado” (faithful but unfortunate). Discover! Torch with Shrapnel Damage This Orilux torch was presented to Churchill by his brother-in-law Bertram Romilly on November 15, 1915. The torch displays signs of shrapnel damage incurred while Churchill fought in the front line trenches during World War I. He came near to death on the morning of February 16, 1916, when his temporary headquarters was shelled during his breakfast. Orilux trench torch, 1915. On loan from the National Trust, Chartwell, U.K.

(71) Bookmark this item: #71 The Bolsheviks and the World Crisis The fifth volume of Churchill's history of the First World War, originally published as The Aftermath, covered postwar developments and their wartime origins. The volume also discussed at length the Russian Revolution and civil war. Back in power in 1919 as Secretary of State for War, Churchill advocated intervention in favor of the anti-Communist forces. In one passage from his book, Churchill describes Communist leader Vladimir Lenin during the war as “the most grisly of all weapons,” smuggled back into Russia “in a sealed truck like a plague bacillus” by the Germans. Winston S. Churchill. The World Crisis, vol. 5. London: T. Butterworth, 1923-1931. Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division , Library of Congress (71.2) Bookmark this item: #71_2 Churchill Becomes Minister for Munitions David Lloyd George became Prime Minister in 1916. He had worked with Churchill since 1904.

In July 1917 Churchill was brought out of the “political wilderness” and made Minister for Munitions. This clearly pleased Churchill's cousin, Shane Leslie, who wrote to Lady Randolph from Vermont expressing his pleasure and remarking that Americans looked “on Winston as 7/8 Yankee and 1/8 Blenheim.” Bookmark this item: #76 Churchill in 1919 This photograph, probably taken while Churchill was Secretary of State for War and Air, was inscribed and given to U.S. General John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I. Winston Churchill . 1919. Photograph. Pershing Papers. Manuscript Division , Library of Congress (77) Bookmark this item: #77 “Will America Fail Us?” After the First World War, Churchill found himself in a difficult position. As a friend of the United States, he was called upon to explain to the British people why America was retreating into isolationism and away from the peace treaty and the League of Nations that President Woodrow Wilson had been so instrumental in developing. Winston Churchill. “Will America Fail Us?” November 30, 1919.

Page 2 - Page 3 - Page 4 . Typescript. Churchill Papers, Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge, U.K. (78) Bookmark this item: #78 Reshaping the Middle East As Secretary of State for the Colonies (1921-1922) Churchill played a large role in determining the fate of the territories that had been detached from the Ottoman Empire after World War I. This photograph shows him during the Cairo Conference (1921), walking with T. E. Lawrence—“Lawrence of Arabia.” During this conference Churchill helped establish the government, ethnic composition, and political boundaries of Iraq and other portions of the Middle East. Winston Churchill and T. E. Lawrence . 1921. Copyprint. Prints and Photographs Division , Library of Congress (79). LC-USZ62-65460. [Digital ID# cph 3b12983] Bookmark this item: #79 Discover! Chancellor of the Exchequer In 1924 Churchill returned to the Conservative Party.

He soon reached the highest point in his career thus far—appointment as Chancellor of the Exchequer, the British government's second-highest political post. Here, he is shown on his way to Buckingham Palace to receive the seals of office from King George V. Churchill's tenure in this office (1924-1929) was notable for his adherence to the gold standard and for his publication of a government newspaper, The British Gazette, during a general strike. Underwood & Underwood. Winston Churchill , 1924. Copyprint. Prints and Photographs Division , Library of Congress (81) LC-USZ62-75528 Bookmark this item: #81 Churchill's Hallmark Style Churchill knew the value of maintaining a strong personal image. Whether relaxing in his zip-up “siren suit” so called because it could be put on easily in an air raid, or reviewing troops in military great coat and peaked cap, he always stood out from the crowd. Throughout his long career, he was rarely pictured without a trademark hat, bow-tie and ever-present cigar. The artifacts displayed here all belonged to Sir Winston.

1 of 3 Enlarge Cigar box made from Kauri wood inlaid with Pukatea. The inscription reads “presented to Winston Spencer Churchill C.B., M.P.,from The Legion of Frontiersmen, New Zealand Command, for valiant services rendered in saving The British Empire 1939-1952, God Guard Thee.” On loan from the National Trust, Chartwell, U.K. (1.1c) Bookmark this item: #1_1 Painting as a Pastime During the summer of 1915, following his fall from power, Churchill, discovered the world of painting. He wrote later that having been forced “cruelly” into inactivity, “the Muse of Painting came to my rescue.” About 500 Winston Churchill paintings exist. Although confident and self-assured in fields of politics, oratory, and writing, he was modest about his achievements as a painter. He sought and accepted constructive criticism and enjoyed experimenting with new media and techniques. Churchill once vowed, “When I get to heaven I mean to spend a considerable portion of my first million years in painting, and so to get to the bottom of the subject.” Winston Churchill.

Flowers in a Green Vase, ca. 1930s. Oil on canvas. On loan from Senator John Warner (99) Bookmark this item: #99 Discover! Hit by a Car in New York City December 13, 1931 was an unlucky day for Churchill. He was seriously injured by a car while crossing Fifth Avenue in New York. Churchill was left bleeding and bruised and had to postpone his lecture tour. Yet he refused to accept defeat and resolved to turn the experience into a newspaper article. Here he asks his friend, Oxford University physicist Professor Frederick Lindemann, to calculate the precise force of the impact. Winston Churchill to Professor Frederick Lindemann. December 24, 1931. Facsimile of telegram. Churchill Papers. Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge, U.K. (89) Bookmark this item: #89 Two Charges of Buckshot In this telegram, sent in reply to Churchill's inquiry, Professor Frederick Lindemann estimated the force of the impact of the car that hit him as being equivalent to two charges of buckshot fired point blank.

The professor cannot resist teasing Churchill about the mitigating effect of his weight and congratulating him on preparing a suitable cushion for the bump. Professor Frederick Lindemann to Winston Churchill. December 30, 1931. Page 2 . Telegram. Churchill Papers, Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge, U.K.(90) Bookmark this item: #90 “My New York Misadventure” Throughout his career, Churchill wrote popular articles to supplement his political and literary income and maintain his lifestyle. Shown here is the first part of Churchill's article recounting his “New York Misadventure,” as it appeared in the British Daily Mail newspaper. Winston Churchill. “New York Misadventure.” Daily Mail. January 5, 1932. Copyprint. Churchill Papers, Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge, U.K.

(91) Bookmark this item: #91 Sir Winston Churchill: A biography – Churchill College Churchill College Archives Centre Our Collections The Churchill Papers Sir Winston Churchill: A biography Sir Winston Churchill: A biography The aim of this page is to give a brief introduction to the career of Sir Winston Churchill, and to reveal the main features of both the public and the private life of the most famous British Prime Minister of the twentieth century. The Child Winston Churchill was born into the privileged world of the British aristocracy on November 30, 1874. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a younger son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough. His mother, Jennie Jerome, was the daughter of an American business tycoon, Leonard Jerome. Winston's childhood was not a particularly happy one. Like many Victorian parents, Lord and Lady Randolph Churchill were distant. The family Nanny, Mrs Everest, became a surrogate mother to Winston and his younger brother, John S Churchill. The Soldier After passing out of Sandhurst and gaining his commission in the 4th Hussars' in February 1895, Churchill saw his first shots fired in anger during a semi-official expedition to Cuba later that year.

He enjoyed the experience which coincided with his 21st birthday. In 1897 Churchill saw more action on the North West Frontier of India, fighting against the Pathans. He rode his grey pony along the skirmish lines in full view of the enemy. "Foolish perhaps," he told his mother, " but I play for high stakes and given an audience there is no act too daring and too noble." Churchill wrote about his experiences in his first book The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898). He soon became an accomplished war reporter, getting paid large sums for stories he sent to the press - something which did not make him popular with his senior officers. Using his mother's influence, Churchill got himself assigned to Kitchener's army in Egypt. While fighting against the Dervishes he took part in the last great cavalry charge in English history - at the Battle of Omdurman in 1898. Churchill had always been determined, as he said, to beat his sword into an iron dispatch box. So in 1899 he left the army to stand for parliament. He was defeated and almost immediately left for South Africa as war correspondent for the Morning Post.

Never able to resist a fight, he took part in the defence of an armoured train which had been ambushed by the Boers. He was captured and treated as a prisoner of war, but within a few weeks he escaped and made his way back to Durban. Churchill was hailed as a hero and took advantage of his status: he always treated advancement as a springboard not a sofa. He obtained a military commission from the Commander-in-Chief but continued to act as a war correspondent, enjoying many further adventures. After his successful election to parliament in 1900, Churchill continued to trade on his military experiences and eventually became First Lord of the Admiralty. But in spirit he always remained a dashing cavalry officer and his rashness in attack often got him into trouble, notably over the Dardanelles disaster in 1915. As a result he resigned from his Cabinet post and joined the Scots Fusiliers who were fighting on the Western Front. Once again he enjoyed the experience - he actually liked the noise made by the "whiz-bangs". He was a popular and efficient officer, as well as a brave one. But his heart was at Westminster and in May 1916 he returned to the political fray.

The Politician Churchill was first elected to parliament in 1900 shortly before the death of Queen Victoria. He took his seat in the House of Commons as the Conservative Member for Oldham in February 1901 and made his maiden speech four days later. But after only four years as a Conservative he crossed the floor and joined the Liberals, making the flamboyant gesture of sitting next to one of the leading radicals, David Lloyd George. Churchill rose swiftly within the Liberal ranks and became a Cabinet Minister in 1908 - President of the Board of Trade. In this capacity and as Home Secretary (1910-11) he helped to lay the foundations of the post-1945 welfare state. His parliamentary career was far from being plain sailing and he made a number of spectacular blunders, so much so that he was often accused of having genius without judgement. The chief setback of his career occurred in 1915 when, as First Lord of the Admiralty, he sent a naval force to the Dardanelles in an attempt to knock Turkey out of the war and to outflank Germany on a continental scale. The expedition was a disaster and it marked the lowest point in Churchill's fortunes.

However, Churchill could not be kept out of power for long and Lloyd George, anxious to draw on his talents and to spike his critical guns, soon re-appointed him to high office. Their relationship was not always a comfortable one, particularly when Churchill tried to involve Britain in a crusade against the Bolsheviks in Russia after the Great War. Between 1922 and 1924 Churchill left the Liberal Party and, after some hesitation, rejoined the Conservatives. Anyone could "rat", he remarked complacently, but it took a certain ingenuity to "re-rat". To his surprise, Churchill was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer by Stanley Baldwin, an office in which he served from 1924 to 1929. He was an ebullient if increasingly anachronistic figure, returning Britain to the Gold Standard and taking an aggressive part in opposing the General Strike of 1926. After the Tories were defeated in 1929, Churchill fell out with Baldwin over the question of giving India further self-government. Churchill became more and more isolated in politics and he found the experience of perpetual opposition deeply frustrating.

He also made further blunders, notably by supporting King Edward VIII during the abdication crisis of 1936. Largely as a consequence of such errors, people did not heed Churchill's dire warnings about the rise of Hitler and the hopelessness of the appeasement policy. After the Munich crisis, however, Churchill's prophecies were seen to be coming true and when war broke out in September 1939 Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain appointed him First Lord of the Admiralty. So, nearly twenty-five years after he had left the post in pain and sorrow, the Navy sent out a signal to the Fleet: "Winston is back". The War Leader For the first nine months of the conflict, Churchill proved that he was, as Admiral Fisher had once said, "a war man". Chamberlain was not. Consequently the failures of the Norwegian Campaign were blamed on the pacific Prime Minister rather than the belligerent First Lord, and, when Chamberlain resigned after criticisms in the House of Commons, Churchill became leader of a coalition government. The date was May 10, 1940: it was Churchill's, as well as Britain's, finest hour.

When the German armies conquered France and Britain faced the Blitz, Churchill embodied his country's will to resist. His oratory proved an inspiration. When asked exactly what Churchill did to win the war, Clement Attlee, the Labour leader who served in the coalition government, replied: "Talk about it." Churchill talked incessantly, in private as well as in public - to the astonishment of his private secretary, Jock Colville, he once spent an entire luncheon addressing himself exclusively to the marmalade cat. Churchill devoted much of his energy to trying to persuade President Roosevelt to support him in the war. He wrote the President copious letters and established a strong personal relationship with him. And he managed to get American help in the Atlantic, where until 1943 Britain's lifeline to the New World was always under severe threat from German U-Boats. Despite Churchill's championship of Edward VIII, and despite his habit of arriving late for meetings with the neurotically punctual King at Buckingham Palace, he achieved good relations with George VI and his family. Clementine once said that Winston was the last surviving believer in the divine right of kings.

As Churchill tried to forge an alliance with the United States, Hitler made him the gift of another powerful ally - the Soviet Union. Despite his intense hatred of the Communists, Churchill had no hesitation in sending aid to Russia and defending Stalin in public. "If Hitler invaded Hell," he once remarked, "I would at least make a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons." In December 1941, six months after Hitler had invaded Russia, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. The war had now become a global one. But with the might of America on the Allied side there could be no doubt about its outcome. Churchill was jubilant, remarking when he heard the news of Pearl Harbor: "So we have won after all!" However, America's entry into the war also caused Churchill problems; as he said, the only thing worse than fighting a war with allies is fighting a war without them. At first, despite disasters such as the Japanese capture of Singapore early in 1942, Churchill was able to influence the Americans. He persuaded Roosevelt to fight Germany before Japan, and to follow the British strategy of trying to slit open the "soft underbelly" of Europe.

This involved the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, and Italy - the last of which proved to have a very well armoured belly. It soon became apparent that Churchill was the littlest of the "Big Three". At the Teheran Conference in November, 1943, he said, the "poor little English donkey" was squeezed between the great Russian bear and the mighty American buffalo, yet only he knew the way home. In June 1944 the Allies invaded Normandy and the Americans were clearly in command. General Eisenhower pushed across Northern Europe on a broad front. Germany was crushed between this advance and the Russian steamroller. On May 8, 1945 Britain accepted Germany's surrender and celebrated Victory in Europe Day. Churchill told a huge crowd in Whitehall: "This is your victory." The people shouted: "No, it is yours", and Churchill conducted them in the singing of Land of Hope and Glory. That evening he broadcast to the nation urging the defeat of Japan and paying fulsome homage to the Crown.

From all over the world Churchill received telegrams of congratulations, and he himself was generous with plaudits, writing warmly to General de Gaulle whom he regarded as an awkward ally but a bastion against French Communism. But although victory was widely celebrated throughout Britain, the war in the Far East had a further three months to run. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki finally brought the global conflict to a conclusion. But at the pinnacle of military victory, Churchill tasted the bitterness of political defeat. The Elder Statesman Churchill expected to win the election of 1945. Everything pointed to his victory, from the primitive opinion polls to the cartoons in newspapers and the adulation Churchill received during the campaign, but he did not conduct it well. From the start he accused the Labour leaders - his former colleagues - of putting party before country and he later said that Socialists could not rule without a political police, a Gestapo. As it happened, such gaffes probably made no difference. The political tide was running against the Tories and towards the party which wholeheartedly favoured a welfare state - the reward for war-time sacrifices. But Churchill was shocked by the scale of his defeat.

When Clementine, who wanted him to retire from politics, said that it was perhaps a blessing in disguise, Churchill replied that the blessing was certainly very effectively disguised. For a time he lapsed into depression, which sympathetic letters from friends did little to dispel. Soon, however, Churchill re-entered the political arena, taking an active part in political life from the opposition benches and broadcasting again to the nation after the victory over Japan. In defeat Churchill had always been defiant, but in victory he favoured magnanimity. Within a couple of years he was calling for a partnership between a "spiritually great France and a spiritually great Germany" as the basis for the re-creation of "the European family". He was more equivocal about Britain's role in his proposed "United States of Europe", and, while the embers of the World War II were still warm, he announced the start of the Cold War. At Fulton, Missouri, in 1946, he pointed to the new threat posed by the Soviet Union and declared that an iron curtain had descended across Europe. Only by keeping the alliance between the English-speaking peoples strong, he maintained, could Communist tyranny be resisted.

After losing another election in 1950, Churchill gained victory at the polls the following year. Publicly he called for "several years of quiet steady administration". Privately he declared that his policy was "houses, red meat and not getting scuppered". This he achieved. But after suffering a stroke and the failure of his last hope of arranging a Summit with the Russians, he resigned from the premiership in April 1955. "I am ready to meet my Maker," Churchill had said on his seventy-fifth birthday; "whether my Maker is prepared for the great ordeal of meeting me is another matter". Churchill remained a member of parliament, though an inactive one, and announced his retirement from politics in 1963. This took effect at the general election the following year. Churchill died on 24 January 1965 - seventy years to the day after the death of his father. He received the greatest state funeral given to a commoner since that of the Duke of Wellington. He was buried in Bladon churchyard beside his parents and within sight of his birthplace, Blenheim Palace.

The Family Man In the autumn of 1908 Churchill, then a rising Liberal politician, married Clementine Hozier, granddaughter of the 10th Earl of Airlie. Their marriage was to prove a long and happy one, though there were often quarrels - Clementine once threw a dish of spinach at Winston (it missed). Clementine was high principled and highly strung; Winston was stubborn and ambitious. His work invariably came first, though, partly as a reaction against his own upbringing, he was devoted to his children. Winston and Clementine's first child, Diana, was born in 1909. Diana was a naughty little girl and continued to cause her parents great distress as an adult. In 1932 she married John Bailey, but the marriage was unsuccessful and they divorced in 1935. In that year she married the Conservative politician, Duncan Sandys, and they had three children. That marriage also proved a failure. Diana had several nervous breakdowns and in 1963 she committed suicide. The Churchills' second child and only son, Randolph, was born in 1911.

He was exceptionally handsome and rumbustious, and his father was very ambitious for him. During the 1930s Randolph stood for parliament several times but he failed to get in, being regarded as a political maverick. He did serve as Conservative Member of Parliament for Preston between 1940 and 1945, and ultimately became an extremely successful journalist and began the official biography of his father during the 1960s. Randolph was married twice, first in 1939 to Pamela Digby (later Harriman) by whom he had a son, Winston, and secondly in 1948 to June Osborne by whom he had a daughter, Arabella. Neither marriage was a success. The life of Sarah, the Churchills' third child, born in 1914, was no happier than that of her elder siblings. Amateur dramatics at Chartwell led her to take up a career on the stage which flourished for a time. Sarah's charm and vitality were also apparent in her private life, but her first two marriages proved unsuccessful and she was widowed soon after her third.

Her first husband was a music hall artist called Vic Oliver whom she married against her parents' wishes. Her second was Anthony Beauchamp but this marriage did not last and after their separation he committed suicide. In 1918 Clementine Churchill gave birth to a third girl, Marigold. But in 1921, shortly after the deaths of both Clementine's brother and Winston's mother, Marigold contracted septicaemia whilst on a seaside holiday with the childrens' governess. When she died Winston was grief-stricken and, as his last private secretary recently disclosed in an autobiography, Clementine screamed like an animal undergoing torture. The following September the Churchills' fifth and last child, Mary, was born. Unlike her brother and older sisters, Mary was to cause her parents no major worries. Indeed she was a constant source of support, especially to her mother. In 1947 she married Christopher Soames; who was then Assistant Military Attaché in Paris and later had a successful parliamentary and diplomatic career. Theirs was to be a long and happy marriage. Over the years Christopher became a valued confidant and counsellor to his father-in-law.

They had five children, the eldest of whom (Nicholas) became a prominent member of the Conservative party. Christopher Soames died in 1987. The Private Man Churchill's enormous reserves of energy and his legendary ability to exist on very little sleep gave him time to pursue a wide variety of interests outside the world of politics. Churchill loved gambling and lost what was, for him, a small fortune in the great crash of the American stock market in October 1929, causing a severe setback to the family finances. But he continued to write as a means of maintaining the style of life to which he had always been accustomed. Apart from his major works, notably his multi-volume histories of the First and Second World Wars and the Life of his illustrious ancestor John, first Duke of Marlborough, he poured forth speeches and articles for newspapers and magazines. His last big book was the History of the English-Speaking Peoples, which he had begun in 1938 and which was eventually published in the 1950s. In 1953 Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Churchill took up painting as an antidote to the anguish he felt over the Dardanelles disaster.

Painting became a constant solace and preoccupation and he rarely spent a few days away from home without taking his canvas and brushes. Even during his tour of France's Maginot Line in the middle of August 1939 Churchill managed to snatch a painting holiday with friends near Dreux. In the summer of 1922, while on the lookout for a suitable country house, Churchill caught sight of a property near Westerham in Kent, and fell instantly in love with it. Despite Clementine's initial lack of enthusiasm for the dilapidated and neglected house, with its overgrown and seemingly unmanageable grounds, Chartwell was to become a much-loved family home. Clementine, however, never quite overcame her resentment of the fact that Winston had been less than frank with her over the buying of Chartwell, and from time to time her feelings surfaced. With typical enthusiasm, Churchill personally undertook many major works of construction at Chartwell such as a dam, a swimming pool, the building (largely with his own hands) of a red brick wall to surround the vegetable garden, and the re-tiling of a cottage at the bottom of the garden.

In 1946 Churchill bought a farm adjoining Chartwell and subsequently derived much pleasure, though little profit, from farming. Churchill was born into the world of hunting, shooting and fishing and throughout his life they were to prove spasmodic distractions. But it was hunting and polo, first learned as a young cavalry officer in India, that he enjoyed most of all. In the summer of 1949, Churchill embarked on a new venture - he bought a racehorse. On the advice of Christopher Soames, he purchased a grey three-year-old colt, Colonist II. It was to be the first of several thoroughbreds in his small stud. They were registered in Lord Randolph's colours - pink with chocolate sleeves and cap. (These have been adopted as the colours of Churchill College.) Churchill was made a member of the Jockey Club in 1950, and greatly relished the distinction. Among Winston's closest friends were Professor Lindemann and the "the three B's" (none popular with Clementine), Birkenhead, Beaverbook, Bracken. The Churchills entertained widely, including among their guests Charlie Chaplin, Albert Einstein and Lawrence of Arabia.

Churchill regularly holidayed with rich friends in the Mediterranean, spending several cruises in the late 1950s as the guest of Greek millionaire shipowner, Aristotle Onassis. Editorial note Much of the information presented here was originally compiled by Josephine Sykes, Monica Halpin and Victor Brown. It was edited by Allen Packwood. Churchill: Great and Mean | by Geoffrey Wheatcroft | The New York Review of Books Churchill: Great and Mean Viking, 436 pp., $30.00 Davis/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images Winston Churchill and his daughter Sarah laying bricks at their house in Chartwell, Kent, September 1928 1. In 1930, Winston Churchill published My Early Life, which remains his most likable and authentic book.

At its end he comes forward to September 1908 when, without mentioning Clementine Hozier by name or his proposing to her at his ancestral home of Blenheim Palace, his last line tells us in fairy-tale fashion that “I married and lived happily ever afterwards.” Their son Randolph also wrote a memoir, Twenty-One Years, an affable if flimsy account of his upbringing, published in 1965 just after his father died, which begins facetiously with his own birth in 1911 “to poor but honest parents.” Those parents rarely went to church in adult life, but Winston had a very retentive memory, in which much of the Bible lay buried from long boyhood hours in chapel at Harrow.

He would echo its hallowed phrases, as when he called the 1930s his “wilderness years,” impiously comparing himself with John the Baptist, “the voice of one crying in the wilderness.” That was the theme of The Gathering Storm, his best-selling if highly tendentious book published in 1948 as the first of the six volumes of The Second World War, which contains another echo of scripture, the passage from Ecclesiasticus that begins “Let us now praise famous men” and continues “Rich men furnished with ability, living peaceably in their habitations.” Or as Churchill wrote about those pre-war years: “Thus I never had a dull or idle moment from morning till midnight, and with my happy family around me dwelt at peace within my habitation.” It would be hard to say which of these sundry Churchillian lines is the most far-fetched, or simply false. The “political wilderness” is a most misleading description of his decade of self-imposed (but very lucrative) exile from front-bench politics.

At no time was Churchill ever “poor”—Randolph was born when his father was home secretary with a salary of £5,000, and income tax was only paid by those fewer than a million British citizens earning £160 a year or more—while readers of David Lough’s hugely enjoyable and illuminating study of “Churchill and his money” may even ponder the word “honest.” Then again, Sonia Purnell’s informative new biography of Clementine reminds us that “my happy family around me” was tragically untrue. To borrow one more famous line, the Churchill family was unhappy in its own way. “The only thing that worries me in life is—money,” Winston told his brother Jack. “We shall finish up stone broke.” That was in 1898, but he could have gone on saying it for more than forty years to come. Until his sixties and his apotheosis as leader of his country, Churchill’s income,… This article is available to subscribers only.

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 is Christabel Fraser Sir Winston Churchill's uncles and aunts: Sir Winston Churchill's uncle was George Spencer-Churchill Sir Winston Churchill's aunt-by-marriage was Lillian Spencer-Churchill Sir Winston Churchill's uncle was Frederick Spencer-Churchill Sir Winston Churchill's aunt was Cornelia Guest Sir Winston Churchill's uncle-by-marriage was Ivor Guest Sir Winston Churchill's aunt was Rosamond Fellowes Sir Winston Churchill's uncle-by-marriage was William Fellowes Sir Winston Churchill's aunt was Fanny Marjoribanks Sir Winston Churchill's uncle-by-marriage was Edward Marjoribanks Sir Winston Churchill's aunt was Anne Innes-Ker Sir Winston Churchill's uncle-by-marriage was James Innes-Ker Sir Winston Churchill's uncle was Charles Spencer-Churchill Sir Winston Churchill's uncle was Augustus Spencer-Churchill Sir Winston Churchill's aunt was Georgiana Curzon Sir Winston Churchill's uncle-by-marriage was Richard Curzon Sir Winston Churchill's aunt was Sarah Wilson Sir Winston Churchill's uncle-by-marriage was Gordon Wilson Sir Winston Churchill's aunt was Clarita Frewen Sir Winston Churchill's uncle-by-marriage was Moreton Frewen Sir Winston Churchill's aunt was Camille Jerome Sir Winston Churchill's aunt was Leonie jerome

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urchill Sir Winston Churchill's cousin was Frederick Guest Sir Winston Churchill's cousin was Hon.

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Question: Winston Churchill married Clementine in 1908, but what was her maiden name?
Answer: Hozier