ADW: Suidae: INFORMATION Twitter By David L. Fox and Phil Myers Sixteen species of pigs and hogs in eight genera make up the modern family Suidae. Suids originally occurred across Eurasia south of 48° N, on islands as far away as the Phillipines and Sulawesi, and throughout Africa. Humans have introduced Sus scrofa, from which the domesticated pigs are derived, in a variety of places around the world, including North America, New Zealand and New Guinea. Fossil suids are known from the Oligocene of Europe and Asia and the Miocene of Africa. These medium-sized animals are typically stocky with a barrel-like body. The skin is usually thick and sparsely haired. Head and body length ranges from 500-1900 mm, tail length ranges from 35-40 mm and adult body weight can be as high as 350 kg. The eyes are usually small and located high on the skull, and the ears are small and pointed. The skull is usually long and has a flat dorsal profile.

One of the most notable characteristics of suids is the mobile snout, which has a cartilaginous disk at its tip and terminal nostrils. It is supported by a prenasal bone located below the nasals . The skull has a prominent occipital crest that is formed from the supraoccipital and parietal bones. The metapodials are not fused, and the first digit is missing from both forefeet and hindfeet. All four digit have hooves , but these are only functional in locomotion on the middle digits (the third and fourth), as the smaller lateral digits are located higher on the limb ( paraxonic ). The dental formula varies among the genera; a general formula for the family is: 1-3/3, 1/1, 2-4/2 or 4, 3/3 = 34-44. The upper incisors decrease in size laterally; the lower incisors are long, narrow and set at a low angle in the jaw so that they are almost horizontal. The upper canines grow out and backward into large, curved tusks; wear between the upper and lower canines produces sharp edges. The upper canines are ever-growing.

The molars are bunodont or cuspidate. Pigs are omnivores, and the diet includes fungi, leaves, roots, bulbs, tubers, fruit, snails, earthworms, small vertebrates, eggs and carrion. They use their muscular, mobile snout and forefeet to root and scratch for food. They have a two-chambered stomach and do not ruminate. Most species are gregarious. One common image of pigs, that they overeat, is not commonly true. However, it is true that most pigs are fond of mud baths! Suids, especially hogs (Sus scrofa) have been introduced to a number of places, usually as a game species. Unfortunately, in some areas they have caused significant environmental damage by their foraging, and they carry several diseases that can be transmitted to domestic swine or people. Suidae - Untamed Science Untamed Science Suidae Family Suidae: Pigs The species that make up the family Suidae are known as the pigs. All species in this family originated in Old World Europe, Africa, and Asia. New World pigs, such as the peccaries, belong to a different family.

The following thumbnails represent the 19 species in the family. The pigs that most people are familiar with are the domesticated pigs. Almost all of these pigs were domesticated from Sus scrofa, otherwise known as the wild boar. A few studies have indicated that other pigs were domesticated as well. Domesticated pigs live on farms with people. Farmers have had the chance to learn a lot about the pig. They have a reputation for being smart animals. However, it has only been recently that scientists are learning quite how smart they are. In fact, depending on how the animals are tested, many think pigs are smarter than dogs. Physiologically, pigs are impressive beasts. They grow extremely fast; in less than one year a domestic pig may weigh more than 300 pounds and already be sexually mature (full-grown domesticated pigs can weigh over 2000 pounds). Females can breed litters of 12 or more, twice a year. This simple fact alone is part of the problem with the spread of feral pigs. Additionally, pigs are robust. Their skeleton is strong and their tusks are long. The image below shows a wild boar from an early british guide to mammals.

Notice the size of the skull and the long tusks. Classification This website focusses only on the 19 species of living (Old World) pigs. The list of extinct taxa is long and has been excluded here. Babyrousa babyrussa – Golden Babirusa Hylochoerus meinertzhageni – Giant Forest Hog Phacochoerus aethiopicus – Cape, Somali or Desert Warthog Phacochoerus africanus – Common Warthog Potamochoerus porcus – Red River Hog Sus ahoenobarbus – Palawan Bearded Pig Sus barbatus – Bearded Pig Top Ten Farm Animals - TheTopTens® Top Ten Farm Animals keegan11 Top Ten Animals That are Commonly Found On A Traditional Farm. The Top Ten 1 Horse The horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus. It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae, and can be tamed, bred, and trained, as a mount. HORSES ARE THE BEST! You can train them and it is like the are apart of you! Anyway if you are going to be having a garden...

Well when the horse poops, it's great menuwer! Horses are intellegent creatures. They are great companions for all ages and are useful as work animals. They are graceful and beautiful. They are so much fun to ride. Understanding when you're sad and happy when your happy with them. Awesome, they are! I am leasing to horses and they are wonderful they aren't smelly at all at first their poop smells for 2 minutes and then it doesn't smell at all horses are not hard to take care of I love them so much they can be really well trained and great farm pets I love horses I say they are the most found on a farm 2 Cow cow is the best best best best farm animal in the world. Cows are by far the best we have a sweet little jersy and she is the cutest thing you could ever see. Going to calve in may and is just like a big puppy follows me around the barn and dances around for her grain so cute By far the best animal it gives us milk yum I mean who doesn't like they make good pets to if you look after them well and if you love them they will love you to sum up my story cows are great!

1 BEEF/ HAMBURGER/STEAK that is all that needs to be said V 38 Comments 3 Pig A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs include the domestic pig and its ancestor, the common Eurasian wild boar, along with other species; related creatures outside the genus include the peccary, the babirusa, and the warthog. This is by far the best animal on this farm. It will win in fight against a SHEEPDOG because it can just lunge at it and do its top secret sumo wrestler move so it can even beat 5 sheepdogs. This is the most underrated animal, even though it is at 3! GO PIGS! I think pigs (especially mini pigs) are by far the best and cutest farm animal! I love pigs I have 3 and they r about to have piglets and they are all very friendly. They make money if you sell piglets or if you sell them as pork. I think this should be number 1.

Pigs are so cool I love the way they dig in the (ground) V 25 Comments 4 Goat The domestic goat is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. Goats are a very versatile animal as well, you get milk, you can make anything that you would with cows milk. Drink it, make cheese, make soap. Goats are so cute they rub up against you and ccome in all sizes My mum really wants a goat on a farm when we move because we live in Cairns and there is not enough room in Cairns so we will have to move if we wanted to... Anyway I think a goat is a perfect farm animal because you can milk and make cheese and make soap so I think it's a perfect pet to have on a farm. Pigs are also known as goats, "Goats have the code name mud skillers, pigs live in mud pot holes; therefor goats are also pigs! " - the oxford dictionary V 33 Comments 5 Chicken The chicken is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.

It is one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a population of more than 19 billion as of 2011. They make awesome noises and I heard that most chickens can play the piano breh! Chickens should be first! They can be used for more then any other farm animal. You can eat their eggs and their meat. You can use their feathers. Chicken fertilizer is excellent for growing lettuce and cabbage. They can till gardens removing them of weeds and bugs. They will eat most almost any leftover you don't want to help cut down on garbage. And if you are not one for slaughtering farm animals, they can make great (outdoor) pets even and can be used for show-birds. - Ethlin I love eggs, and you can also eat them! they taste really good! Oh yah go chickens! I had 40 of them and took care of them at age 8 V 24 Comments 6 Sheep The sheep is a quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed ungulates.

Sheep produce lamb, great for selling, and mutton. They produce sweeter milk than cows or goats. They provide wool, and lanolin oil. They are excellent grazers, and provide manure. If you have a sheep, you get to have their wool, they also give you their milk and you can eat them too! Very good animal to have! Sheep are awesome there soft and cuddly and help people get to sleep there were so many times I had to count down from twenty sheep to get my children to sleep. Sheep can provide their owner with wool, lamb, mutton and lanolin oil. They can be used for multiple things V 6 Comments 8 Rabbit Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world. "I think that Rabbits shouldn't live on a farm because they are cute, funny, and furry.

But of corse they can also be harmful because if they have sharp teeth than they can bite you and if the bunny is in a bad mood than it might bite you and also you should never have a baby when there also is a Rabbits at your house and plus if you have a gate in your back yard they might figure a way to get out. So don't get a rabbit on your farm or in your house because they are very cute, furry, and funny but trust me don't get one. P.S. They will eat all of your carrots. Bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny bunny They are cute but can be a handful Rabbits are cool specially cuy rabbits or as you call them guinea pigs or dwarf rabbits. Here in Bolivia these are more popular than the common ones with longer ears. V 20 Comments 9 Alpaca Best Animal. They can handle small loads of weight and are very cute. Also their fur is very soft and valuable. No. I would not like to share my opinion. Thank, you very much.

But Alpaca's are very good. They are furry and are definitely better than normal sheep. That is why I vote for the Alpaca. There is no other reason. Although I think that Alpacas aren't actually that of a common farm animal. I guess I did share my opinion. Alpaca can give you softer wool than sheep and they will protect your sheep heard I like them and baby one are so cute and flufy I cood hardly sleep on them and I em a boy V 11 Comments 10 Duck Ducks are the best animal. They are one of the only animals that live on land, water, and air. Ducks are adorable especially baby ducklings they are so fluffy I have 6 ducks, 3 Pekin and 3 Buff Orpington. I've never thought that ducks could be so sweet! They are a lot of fun for all ages, amazing to watch them grow, and lay eggs that are known to taste great in pastries! They may not be as popular as a chicken, but that doesn't mean they're not a bundle of fun! I used to have ducks in my backyard. I loved to feed them. They are so cute! The Newcomers ?

Deer Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the fallow deer and the chital, and the Capreolinae, including the elk, reindeer, the Western roe deer, and the Eurasian elk. The Contenders 11 Indian Runner Duck If you like eggs this one is right for you because they lay up to 300 eggs a year if you feed them enough food and water. They are real awesome if you want eggs Ducks lay eggs so you don't have to kill them for meat Yes you are right V 3 Comments 12 Dog Sheepdogs are the best you can train them to tend to sheep be house train and do much more. Also they are very loyal. They could also be a hard working guard dog Otherwise known as: Border Collie (most of the time :3) these dogs are amazing! So smart and controlling with the sheep. This makes the work for the farmer much easier :) If you ever see a sheepdog round up some sheep, you'd see it is very impressive.

- CloudofMercury I think a dog because you can play and it guards your farm animals for you if you want a guard dog but a normal dog than yes as well because it's cute and a good choice for a farm animal. Dogs are great for rounding up cattle in my oppion they are great animals to have on a farm V 19 Comments 13 Goose Go geese! They are intelligent, loving friendly and great 'watchdogs'! They can really bond with there owner as well. I have not personally tasted goose eggs yet though. V 1 Comment 14 Llamas The llama is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era. Why V 4 Comments 16 Owl Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes, which includes about two hundred species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. They are cute and have big eyes so they can see better through the night. Get rid of the owl!

Let the bunnies live their full lives they are great! Why and owl though? Really for a farm animal? no regular farm is going to keep owls also some will kill adorable fluffy BABY bunnies. V 3 Comments 18 Turkey Turkeys are the best! Somw people think their mean but can bond with there handlers like any animals. I strongly suggest getting Turkey also because of their feathers with are nice to craft with and you'll never have to buy a Turkey again. Thought they are tasty but are really mean and attack small children my little brother had to go to the hospital because of a Turkey. Studies have shown that these are dumbest birds on earth Turkeys are good for their meat that's it. 19 Barn Cat You gonna start a farm get yourself a barn cat Why are silly horses on the top? They are beautiful and you can ride them but that's pretty much it. Barn cats literally save the barn by eating all the pesky rats! Barn cats are the cutest ever you need one if you have a barn Love our barn cats, they keep the rodent population on our farm in check. V 9 Comments 20 Golden Pheasant Golden pheasants are great.

I have 3 varieties. And I make a lot of money on their eggs and chicks PSearch List BBC Nature - Hogs and pigs videos, news and facts Hogs and pigs Hogs and pigs Hogs and pigs make up a family of stocky and bristly-haired even-toed ungulates. All 16 species in the hog and pig family are fond of wallowing in the mud, from the giant forest hog of the African jungles to the common domestic pig. They combine a keen sense of smell with a flexible, muscular snout to root around the forest and woodland undergrowth, sniffing out things to eat, from fungi and bulbs to earthworms. They are usually very vocal animals producing some very noisy grunts and squeals. Scientific name: Suidae animal compilation Cow donkey farm animals - YouTube animal compilation Cow donkey farm animals Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 19, 2010 Nice mix of animals!

:-) Cattle (colloquially cows) are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius. Cattle are raised as livestock for meat (beef and veal), as dairy animals for milk and other dairy products, and as draft animals (pulling carts, plows and the like). Other products include leather and dung for manure or fuel. In some countries, such as India, cattle are sacred. It is estimated that there are 1.3 billion cattle in the world today. In 2009, cattle became the first livestock animal to have its genome mapped. The donkey or ass, Equus africanus asinus,[1][2] is a domesticated member of the Equidae or horse family. The wild ancestor of the donkey is the African Wild Ass, E. africanus. In the western United States, a small donkey is sometimes called a burro (from the Spanish word for the animal).

A male donkey or ass is called a jack, a female a jenny, and offspring less than one year old, a foal (male: colt, female filly). Domestic Pigs and their closest relatives belong to the genus Sus within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs are omnivores, and despite their reputation for gluttony, they are generally social and intelligent animals. A rooster, or a cock,[1] is a male chicken (Gallus gallus) with the female being called a hen. Immature male chickens of less than a year's age are called cockerels. The oldest term is "cock," from Old English coc. The term "rooster" originates from the United States[2], while in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[3] the older term "cockerel" is more widely used. In North America, Australia and New Zealand "rooster" (a relative neologism) is almost always used, occasionally cockerel.

(Wikipedia) ANTI-FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS AGENT FOR ANIMAL BELONGING TO FAMILY SUIDAE OR SHEEP, AND METHOD FOR PREVENTION OR TREATMENT OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN ANIMAL BELONGING TO FAMILY SUIDAE OR SHEEP - Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. HELP Title: ANTI-FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS AGENT FOR ANIMAL BELONGING TO FAMILY SUIDAE OR SHEEP, AND METHOD FOR PREVENTION OR TREATMENT OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN ANIMAL BELONGING TO FAMILY SUIDAE OR SHEEP European Patent EP2022786 Furuta, Yousuke (TOYAMA CHEMICAL CO., LTD.2-5, Nishishinjuku 3-Chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, JP) Application Number: Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.

(2-5 Nishishinjuku 3-Chome, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-0023, JP) International Classes: NITROGENOUS HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES OR SALTS THEREOF AND ANTIVIRAL AGENTS CONTAINING BOTH JP61207388A 2003130213 Other References: PARIENTE N ET AL: "Action of mutagenic agents and antiviral inhibitors on foot-and-mouth disease virus" VIRUS RESEARCH, AMSTERDAM, NL LNKD- DOI:10.1016/J.VIRUSRES.2004.11.008, vol. 107, no.

2, 1 February 2005 (2005-02-01), pages 183-193, XP004710642 ISSN: 0168-1702 Attorney, Agent or Firm: Blodig, Wolfgang (Wächtershäuser & Hartz Weinstrasse 8, 80333 München, DE) Claims: 1. An agent that comprises 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrazinecarboxamide or a salt thereof for use in the treatment and/or prevention of foot-and-mouth disease in an animal belonging to Family Suidae. 2. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the animal belonging to Family Suidae is a pig. 3. An animal feed for an animal belonging to Family Suidae, characterized in that the feed comprises 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrazinecarboxamide or a salt thereof. 4. The feed according to claim 3, wherein the animal belonging to Family Suidae is a pig. 5.

An agent that comprises 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrazinecarboxamide or a salt thereof for use in the treatment and/or prevention of foot-and-mouth disease in a sheep. 6. A feed for a sheep, characterized in that the feed comprises 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrazinecarboxamide or a salt thereof. Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent for an animal belonging to Family Suidae or a sheep (hereinafter referred to as "Suidae animals, etc."), containing 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (hereinafter referred to as T-1105), or a salt thereof; an animal feed for Suidae animals, etc., containing T-1105 or a salt thereof; and a treatment method including a preventive and therapeutic method for foot-and-mouth disease of the Suidae animals, etc.

BACKGROUND ART Foot-and-mouth disease is one of the strong communicable diseases among domestic animals, that is, artiodactyl animals including a bovine, a pig and a sheep, etc. Further, this disease causes disorders of development, movement and the like in domestic animals, to rapidly drop their commercial value, and is an infectious disease specific to domestic animals but noninfectious to human. For livestock business in the world, foot-and-mouth disease is positioned as the most important animal disease to be alerted from both of the exporting and importing countries' points of view. Foot-and-mouth disease is also an international infectious disease and is currently prevalent throughout the world including Asia, Africa, and South America. Also in Japan, its outbreak occurred in 2000. Once the disease occurs, many difficulties are accompanied in preventing its propagation because the virus is highly transmissible. The emergence of the disease deals a great blow to the livestock business. Therefore, much effort is expended on the treatment including the prevention and therapy of foot-and-mouth disease worldwide. The countermeasures to control this disease are strict import restriction, hygiene control, quarantine, and slaughter of affected animals.

At an outbreak, a vaccination program is conducted using an inactivated vaccine as a preventive countermeasure in the national or regional level, or in the surroundings of the outbreak area. However, it is difficult to early detect this disease, and the disease spreads so rapidly that the vaccination cannot catch up with it. Furthermore, since the virus is highly mutative, vaccination alone cannot prevent the infection completely. That is, at the present, there is no excellent therapeutic method for the Suidae animals, etc., of Artiodactyla. WO 00/10569 pamphlet describes that T-1105 has an excellent anti-influenza virus effect (Patent Document 1). It discloses specifically, however, neither an anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent for the Suidae animals, etc., nor a treatment method including a preventive or therapeutic method for foot-and-mouth disease of Suidae animals, etc. Patent Document 1: pamphlet DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION There has been a strong need for an excellent anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent for the Suidae animals, etc., and a treatment method including preventive or therapeutic method for foot-and-mouth disease of Suidae animals, etc.

Under these circumstances, the present inventor, as a result of keen examination, has found that an anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent containing T-1105 or a salt thereof has a potent foot-and-mouth disease therapeutic effect in a Suidae animal, and is useful for the treatment including therapy of foot-and-mouth disease of the Suidae animal; and thus has completed the invention. Furthermore, the present inventor has found that the anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent containing T-1105 or a salt thereof has a strong foot-and-mouth therapeutic effect in a sheep, and is useful for the treatment including therapy of foot-and-mouth disease of the sheep; and thus has completed the invention. The anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent containing T-1105 or a salt thereof is useful for the treatment including the prevention and therapy of foot-and-mouth disease of the Suidae animals, etc. Accordingly, the present invention provides an agent and an animal feed as further defined by the claims. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be illustrated in detail.

In this specification, unless otherwise indicated, when a solvate and a hydrate of T-1105 or a salt thereof exists, they can be used. Also various forms of crystals can be used. A salt of T-1105 includes a usually known salt formed at a hydroxyl group. The salt formed at a hydroxyl group includes, for example, a salt with an alkali metal, such as sodium and potassium; a salt with an alkaline earth metal, such as calcium and magnesium; an ammonium salt; as well as a salt with a nitrogen-containing organic base, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, diethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl-β-phenethylamine, 1-ephenamine and N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine. Among these salts described above, a preferable salt includes a pharmacologically acceptable salt, and a sodium salt is more preferable.

The anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent for Suidae animals, etc., containing T-1105 or a salt thereof of the invention shows an excellent anti-viral effect on the foot-and-mouth disease virus which belongs to genus Aphthovirus. The foot-and-mouth disease virus includes, for example, serotypes A, O and C of European-type, serotype Asia 1 of Asian-type, serotypes SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3 of African-type, and subtypes thereof. The anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent for the Suidae animals, etc., containing T-1105 or a salt thereof of the invention is more effective, in particular for serotypes A, O and C, as well as Asia 1 whose emergence has been observed in Asia. The Suidae animal in the present invention means an animal which belongs to Family Suidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, Vertebrata; specifically includes a pig and a wild boar and is preferably a pig.

T-1105 or a salt thereof may be administered to the Suidae animals, etc., parenterally as injections after diluted with distilled water for injection or physiological saline; or may be administered orally or parenterally as an animal formulation, for example, tablets, large-sized pills, powders, granules, finely divided granules, capsules, emulsions, liquids, suspensions, pre-mixed formulations, syrups, pastes, or aerosols, according to a known pharmaceutical manufacturing method, using pharmaceutically acceptable diluents and excipients as desired. T-1105 or a salt thereof or the animal formulation thereof can be used as mixed with the animal feed as needed, for example, coarse feeds, such as hay, straw, herbage, green feed soiling crops, root crops and fruits, wild plants, tree leaves, and silage; and concentrate feeds, such as grains, cereals, and mixed fertilizer. Also, it can be used by adding to drinking water and the like.

The preferred form of administration includes administration as injections, such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal injections, and mixed-feed oral administration by mixing T-1105 into an animal feed. The anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent for Suidae animals, etc., and the animal feed for Suidae animals, etc., of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, by stabilizing T-1105 or a salt thereof through dilution or encapsulation with solid or liquid carriers to make up, for example, tablets, large-sized pills, powders, granules, finely divided granules, capsules, emulsions, liquids, suspensions, pre-mixed formulations, syrups, pastes, or aerosols, alternatively by dispersing it directly into the feeds or drinks, or carriers and adding it.

The solid carriers include, for example, lactose, sucrose, starch, flour, corn flour, bran, soybean oil cake, defatted rice bran, rape cake, bean curd refuse, cellulose, yeast cell, fish meal, peanuts marc, shell meal, and calcium carbonate; the liquid carriers include, for example, water, physiological saline, and physiologically innocuous organic solvents. Also, adjuvants, such as emulsifying agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, wetting agents, thickening agents, gelling agents, and solubilizing agents can be added as needed. It may take premixed form. Further, preservatives, bacteriocides, vermicides, antioxidants, coloring agents, flavors, antibacterial agents, antibiotics, enzyme preparations, lactobacillus preparations, antipyretics, analgesic agents and antiinflammatory agents may be compounded. Other animal drugs may be compounded. Also, various kinds of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids may be compounded.

The anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent for the Suidae animals, etc., of the present invention is administered for the purpose of treatment including prevention and/or therapy of foot-and-mouth disease to livestock or animals of the Suidae animals, etc. Preferably, it is administered in particular to a pig. The dosage may be selected appropriately depending on the age, body weight, symptoms of the subject animal and the administration route. For example, a dosage of 1 to 2000 mg/kg of the body weight of an animal may be administered by dividing it into one to several times daily. The frequency can be increased depending on the symptoms. The administration period is not particularly limited, while usually 1 to 10 days of administration is enough to obtain sufficient efficacy. Also it can be administered intermittently. EXAMPLES Now, the present invention will be illustrated by Test Examples, which in no way limit the present invention. T-1105 or a salt thereof of the present invention can be obtained by purchasing a commercial product or can be produced by any known method or methods based thereon or combinations thereof.

The following experiments in Test Example 1 to 3 were conducted at National Institute of Animal Health in Tokyo of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, the independent administrative institution. Test Example 1. In vitro anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus effect (1) The effect of T-1105 on the anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus (O/JPN/2000 strain) was determined. The foot-and-mouth disease virus (O/JPN/2000 strain) was adsorbed onto swine derived kidney subcultured cells at approximately 30 to 100 copies/dish at 37°C for 1 hour. The virus solution was removed and the cells were washed with MEM culture medium which had been adjusted to pH 7.4, followed by overlaying 2% bovine serum containing MEM culture medium supplemented with 1.5% methylcellulose in which 20 µg/mL of T-1105 was diluted by 2 steps and added. After 3 days of cultivation, cells were fixed and stained with 10% neutral buffered formalin containing 0.2% crystal violet, and then the number of plaques was counted.

By comparing the number of plaques with that of the non-treated group, plaque formation 50% inhibitory rate (IC50) was determined. The result was 1.6 µg/mL. (2) The effect of T-1105 on foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotypes A, C, and Asia 1) was determined. The viral concentrations for A, C, and Asia 1 were 10 TCID50, 10 TCID50, and 101.5 TCID50, respectively. After the virus was adsorbed onto IBRS-2 cells at 37°C for 1 hour, 20 µg/mL of T-1105 was diluted by 2 steps and each of diluted solution was added to the cells, and 48 hours later the cells were fixed and stained with 10% neutral buffered formalin containing 0.2% crystal violet. When inhibition of the cytopathic effect was observed in one or more wells out of 4 wells at each concentration, the concentration was determined as effective. The result is shown in Table 1.

[Table 1] T-1105 exhibited an excellent effect on the foot-and-mouth disease virus. Test Example 2(1). Pharmacokinetic study of T-1105 (pigs, bovine) 1% T-1105 compounded feed was administered orally to pigs (conventional, 10 kg of body weight, 2 individuals) and bovine (black-haired Japanese cattle, 200 kg of body weight, 2 individuals) at the dosage of 100 mg/kg. At 2 and 8 hours after the administration, 1.5 mL of blood was taken from the jugular vein in each animal using a heparin-rinsed syringe, centrifuged at 4°C and 2000 rpm for 10 minutes, and 250 µL of the blood plasma was dispensed into a 1.5 mL microtube. Based on a calibration curve prepared using blank plasma, the concentration of T-1105 was measured.

To prepare a calibration curve, the same procedure was conducted as pretreatment for the plasma by adding 50 µL of 5 times concentrated T-1105 solution to 200 µL of blank plasma. To each of 250 µL of plasma test sample and plasma test sample for a calibration curve, 500 µL of methanol was added, and each of the resultant was stirred and centrifuged at 4°C and 10000 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was collected, deproteinized, and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 500 µL of the HPLC mobile phase, the resultant solution was centrifuged at 10°C and 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was collected for measurement. The HPLC measurement conditions were as follows. Analytical column: Develosil ODS-MG-5 (4.6 mm I.D. × 250 mm), Nomura Chemical Co., Ltd. Guard column: Develosil ODS-MG-5 (4.0 mm I.D.

× 10 mm), Nomura Chemical Co., Ltd. Column temperature: 40°C HPLC mobile phase: methanol/ 1 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)/ distilled water/ TBA-Br (50:50:900:1.6, v/v/v/w) Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min Autosampler temperature: 10°C preset Analysis time: approximately 18 min The calibration curve was prepared, and the concentrations of T-1105 in plasma test samples for the respective individuals were determined based on the peak area and averaged. Test Example 2(2). Pharmacokinetic study of T-1105 (sheep) 1% T-1105 compounded feed was administered orally to sheep (Corriedale, 63 kg and 67 kg of body weight, 2 individuals) at a dosage of 100 mg/kg.

At 2 and 8 hours after the administration, 1.5 mL of blood was taken from the jugular vein in each animal using a heparin-rinsed syringe, centrifuged quickly at 4°C and 2000 rpm for 10 minutes, and 250 µL of the blood plasma was dispensed into a 1.5 mL microtube. 500 µL of methanol was added to plasma test sample, which was stirred and centrifuged at 4°C and 10000 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was collected, deproteinized, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 500 µL of the HPLC mobile phase, the resultant solution was centrifuged at 10°C and 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was collected for measurement. The measurement was conducted under the same condition as the Test Example 2(1). A calibration curve was prepared with the standard solution and the concentrations of T-1105 in plasma test samples for the respective individuals were determined based on the peak area and averaged.

The result of the Test Example 2(1) and (2) is shown in Table 2. [Table 2] T-1105 retained a high blood concentration in pigs and sheep, exhibiting excellent pharmacokinetics. Test Example 3. Efficacy test of mixed-feed administration The therapeutic effect of T-1105 on foot-and-mouth disease was evaluated using a pig systemic infection model. Pigs (conventional, 10 kg of body weight, 2 individuals in administered group (No. 1 and 2), and 2 in non-administered group (No. 3 and 4)) were inoculated with 106 TCID50 of the foot-and-mouth disease virus in their forefoot pad and initiated infection. T-1105 was orally administered as mixed feed at 200 mg/kg 1 hour before virus inoculation, then twice a day (400 mg/kg/day) for 6.5 days. The course of clinical sign was observed up to 8 days after the virus inoculation. Also, the course of viral load in the plasma and the nasal swab was determined up to 3 days after virus inoculation.

The course of clinical sign is shown in Table 3, the plasma viral load in Table 4, and the viral load in the nasal swab in Table 5 below. [Table 3] 0.66 Unit: TCID50/µL of swab solution The viral load in the nasal swab increased in the T-1105 non-administered group, while it scarcely increased in the T-1105 administered group. T-1105 exhibited an excellent therapeutic effect in the pig systemic infection model. Furthermore, the pigs in the T-1105 administered group exhibited no toxic finding during the administration period. Test Example 4. Cytotoxicity In a 96-well plate (IWAKI Co., Ltd.), a culture medium containing a predetermined concentration of T-1105 was loaded at 100 µL/well. Then, Vero cells were prepared at 2×104 cells/mL with the culture medium, the resultant was seeded at 100 µL/well and cultured under the condition of 5% CO2 at 37°C for 4 days.

At the end of cultivation, the number of viable cells was determined by the XTT method (for example, CANCER RESEARCH, vol. 48, pp. 4827-4833 (1988 )). The 50% cell growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) of T-1105 was 250 µg/mL or more. As is evident from the result above, T-1105 is quite safe, and effective as an anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus agent for Suidae animal, etc., in treating foot-and-mouth disease induced by the foot-and-mouth disease virus. Formulation Example 1. Tablets 10 g of T-1105 was mixed with 4.4 g of lactose, 4.4 g of crystalline cellulose, 1.0 g of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 0.20 g of magnesium stearate, and then the powder mixture was compressed into a tablet of 200 mg to give a tablet which contains 100 mg of T-1105 per tablet. Formulation Example 2.

(compounded feed) 30 g of T-1105 was mixed with 2970 g of commercially available feeds for pigs (JA ZEN-NOH) to obtain 3000 g of 1% T-1105 compounded feed. In this feed, T-1105 had been stable without being degraded for 24 hours. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The anti-foot-and-mouth disease agent containing T-1105 or a salt thereof is useful for the treatment including prevention or therapy of foot-and-mouth disease for the Suidae animals, etc.

Question: What animals make up the Suidae family?
Answer: Pigs