South American Immigrants in the United States | migrationpolicy.org South American Immigrants in the United States You are here South American Immigrants in the United States March 1, 2016 Spotlight By Jie Zong and Jeanne Batalova Nearly 3 million South American immigrants lived in the United States in 2014. (Photo: Thomas Hawk) South American immigrants in the United States, though small in absolute numbers compared to those from Mexico and Central America, experienced the fastest growth since 1960 among all Latin American immigrant groups. The number of South American immigrants grew from 90,000 in 1960 to around 2.9 million in 2014, representing a 32-fold increase. In 1960, South Americans accounted for just 1 percent of the total foreign-born population in the United States; by 2014, their share increased to 7 percent of the nation’s 42.4 million immigrants.

Immigration from South America grew most rapidly from 1960 to 1980, with the number of South Americans residing in the United States more than doubling each decade (increasing by 285 percent in the 1960s and 220 percent in the 1970s). Since then, the population has continued to rise, but at a slower pace (see Figure 1). Figure 1. South American Immigrant Population in the United States, 1980-2014 Sources: Data from U.S. Census Bureau 2006, 2010, and 2014 American Community Surveys (ACS), and Campbell J. Gibson and Kay Jung, "Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850-2000" (Working Paper no. 81, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, February 2006), available online .

In 2014, the five largest countries of origin were Colombia (707,000, or 25 percent of all South American immigrants), Peru (449,000, 16 percent), Ecuador (424,000, 15 percent), Brazil (336,000, 12 percent), and Guyana (273,000, 10 percent). Together, they accounted for more than three-quarters (77 percent) of the total South American immigrant population. Table 1. Distribution of South American Immigrants by Country of Origin, 2014 Source: Migration Policy Institute (MPI) tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 ACS. Click here for an interactive chart showing changes in the number of immigrants from South America in the United States over time. Select individual South American countries from the dropdown menu. Of the total 11.6 million South American migrants worldwide, more than one-third (35 percent) resided in other South American countries, with the rest scattered in Europe and North America.

The United States is the primary destination, representing 25 percent of the global total, followed by Spain (16 percent), Argentina (15 percent), and Venezuela (10 percent), according to mid-2015 estimates by the United Nations Population Division. Click here to view an interactive map showing where migrants from each South American country have settled worldwide. On average, most South American immigrants obtained lawful permanent residence in the United States (also known as receiving a green card) through family ties. By and large, South American immigrants mirrored the sociodemographic characteristics of the overall immigrant population with a few exceptions: they were slightly more educated, were more likely to participate in the labor force, and had higher household incomes. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau (the most recent 2014 American Community Survey [ACS] and pooled 2010-14 ACS data), the Department of Homeland Security’s Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, and the World Bank's annual remittance data, this Spotlight provides information on the South American immigrant population in the United States, focusing on its size, geographic distribution, and socioeconomic characteristics.

Definitions South America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The U.S. Census Bureau defines the foreign born as individuals who had no U.S. citizenship at birth. The foreign-born population includes naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents, refugees and asylees, legal nonimmigrants (including those on student, work, or other temporary visas), and persons residing in the country without authorization. The terms foreign born and immigrant are used interchangeably. In this Spotlight, South American immigrant refers to those who were born in South America and later emigrated to the United States. Data collection constraints do not permit inclusion of those who gained citizenship in a South American country via naturalization and later moved to the United States. Note: Socioeconomic characteristics for immigrants from Uruguay are based on pooled 2011-13 ACS data. Click on the bullet points below for more information: Remittances Distribution by State and Key Cities More than half (56 percent) of South American immigrants have settled in three states: Florida (24 percent), New York (21 percent), and New Jersey (11 percent).

The top four counties with South American immigrants in the period 2010-14 were Miami-Dade County in Florida, Queens County in New York, Broward County in Florida, and Los Angeles County in California. Together, these four counties accounted for about 26 percent of the total South American immigrant population in the United States. Figure 2. Top Destination States for South American Immigrants in the United States, 2010-14 Note: Pooled 2010-14 ACS data were used to get statistically valid estimates at the state level for smaller-population geographies. Source: MPI tabulation of data from U.S. Census Bureau pooled 2010-14 ACS. Click here for an interactive map showing the geographic distribution of immigrants by state and county. Select individual South American countries or the region from the dropdown menu to see which states and counties have the most South American immigrants. In the 2010-14 period, the U.S. cities with the largest number of South American immigrants were the greater New York, Miami, and Washington, DC metropolitan areas. These three metropolitan areas accounted for 51 percent of all South American immigrants in the United States.

Figure 3. Top Metropolitan Destinations for South American Immigrants in the United States, 2010-14 Note: Pooled 2010-14 ACS data were used to get statistically valid estimates at the state level for smaller-population geographies. Source: MPI tabulation of data from U.S. Census Bureau pooled 2010-14 ACS. Click here for an interactive map highlighting the metropolitan areas with the highest concentrations of immigrants. Select individual South American countries or the region from the dropdown menu to see which metropolitan areas have the most South American immigrants. Table 2. Top Concentrations by Metropolitan Area for the Foreign Born from South America, 2010-14 Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau pooled 2010-14 ACS. English Proficiency South American immigrants were somewhat more likely to be proficient in English than the overall foreign-born population. In 2014, approximately 45 percent of South American immigrants (ages 5 and over) reported limited English proficiency, compared to 50 percent of all immigrants.

Very few immigrants from English-speaking Guyana (2 percent) were Limited English Proficient (LEP), while Argentina (35 percent), Venezuela (38 percent), Chile (39 percent), Brazil (40 percent), and Bolivia (40 percent) had relatively low shares of LEP individuals. Meanwhile, more than half of Peruvians (52 percent), Colombians (53 percent), and Ecuadorans (65 percent) reported limited English proficiency. Note: Limited English proficiency refers to those who indicated on the ACS questionnaire that they spoke English less than “very well.” Age, Education, and Employment South American immigrant adults overall were older than the native-born population. The median age of South American immigrants was 45 years—compared to 44 for the foreign born and 36 for the U.S. born. In 2014, South American immigrants were more likely to be of working age (18 to 64, see Table 3) and less likely to be under age 18 than both the native- and foreign-born populations.

Most immigrants from Brazil (89 percent), Venezuela (85 percent), and Ecuador (83 percent) were of working age, while a sizable share of those from Chile (20 percent), Brazil (18 percent), and Guyana (17 percent) were seniors (ages 65 and older). Table 3. Age Distribution by Origin, 2014 Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 ACS. Numbers may not add up to 100 as they are rounded to the nearest whole number. Education South American immigrant adults (ages 25 and older) were much more likely to have at least a high school education than all foreign-born adults, but had similar shares of college graduates compared to both the total foreign- and native-born populations. In 2014, 16 percent of South American immigrants had not finished high school, compared to 30 percent of all immigrants and 10 percent of U.S.-born adults. Approximately 30 percent of South American adults had a bachelor’s degree or higher, versus 29 percent of the total immigrant population and 30 percent of native-born adults.

Immigrants from Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile were more educated than those from other South American countries: more than half of immigrants from Venezuela (52 percent) and more than one-third of those from Argentina and Brazil (38 percent each) and Chile (34 percent) were college graduates, compared to 16 percent of immigrants from Ecuador and 19 percent from Uruguay. In school year (SY) 2014-15, 52,000 South American students were enrolled in U.S. higher educational institutions, representing 5 percent of the total 975,000 international students. Brazil (24,000), Venezuela (8,000), and Colombia (7,000) were the top three origin countries. Between SYs 2013-14 and 2014-15, the number of South American students in the United States increased 31 percent (from 39,000 to 52,000), a trend largely driven by the rising number of students from Brazil (from 13,000 to 24,000).

Employment South American immigrants participated in the labor force at a higher rate than the overall immigrant population. In 2014, about 70 percent of South American immigrants ages 16 and over were in the civilian labor force, compared to 66 percent and 62 percent of the foreign and U.S. born, respectively. South American immigrants closely tracked the occupational distribution of all immigrant workers. At the same time, they were less likely than their U.S.-born counterparts to be employed in management, business, science, and arts occupations (30 percent versus 38 percent) or sales and office occupations (21 percent and 25 percent, see Figure 4). Figure 4. Employed Workers in the Civilian Labor Force (ages 16 and older) by Occupation and Origin, 2014 Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS.

A significant share of immigrant workers from Venezuela (45 percent), Argentina (41 percent), and Brazil and Chile (35 percent each) were employed in management, business, science, and arts occupations, while Ecuadoran workers (30 percent) were the most likely to be in natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. Income and Poverty On average, South American immigrants had higher incomes than the total foreign-born population. In 2014, the median income of households headed by a South American immigrant was $52,000, compared to $49,000 and $55,000 for overall immigrant and native-born households, respectively. Households headed by immigrants from Bolivia ($62,000), Guyana ($58,000), Venezuela ($57,000), and Brazil ($56,000) had the highest median incomes, while Ecuadoran ($48,000) and Uruguayan ($47,000) households had the lowest median incomes.

In 2014, South American immigrants were less likely than both foreign- and native-born individuals to be in poverty—14 percent versus 19 percent and 15 percent, respectively. Ecuadorans were the most likely to be in poverty (17 percent). Immigration Pathways and Naturalization South American immigrants were slightly more likely than the total foreign-born population to be naturalized citizens. As of 2014, 52 percent of the 2.9 million South American immigrants residing in the United States were naturalized U.S. citizens, compared to 47 percent of all immigrants. Immigrants from Guyana (74 percent) and Colombia (59 percent) had the highest naturalization rates, while those from Brazil (37 percent) and Uruguay (39 percent) were the least likely to be naturalized. On average, South Americans were somewhat more likely than all immigrants to have entered the United States between 2000 and 2009 and less likely to have arrived before 2000 (see Figure 5).

More than two-thirds of immigrants from Chile and Guyana (68 percent each) entered before 2000, half of Uruguayans entered between 2000 and 2009, while immigrants from Brazil and Venezuela represented more recent flows, with about one-fifth of each group arriving in 2010 or later (20 percent and 22 percent, respectively). Figure 5. Immigrants from South America and All Immigrants in the United States by Period of Arrival, 2014 Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 ACS. Numbers may not add up to 100 as they are rounded to the nearest whole number. Out of the 81,000 South American immigrants who obtained legal permanent residency in FY 2013—the latest data available—Colombia (21,000), Peru (13,000), and Brazil (11,000) were the top origins, accounting for 55 percent of new South American legal permanent residents (LPRs).

The majority (80 percent) of South Americans gained green cards in 2013 through family ties: 55 percent as immediate relatives of U.S. citizens and 24 percent through family-sponsored preferences. In 2013, 5 percent of South Americans obtained green cards as refugees or asylees compared to 12 percent of all new LPRs, while just 1 percent of South Americans became permanent residents through the Diversity Visa Lottery (see Figure 6). Figure 6. Immigration Pathways of South American Immigrants and All Immigrants in the United States, 2013 Notes: Family-sponsored: Includes adult children and siblings of U.S. citizens as well as spouses and children of green-card holders. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens: Includes spouses, minor children, and parents of U.S. citizens. Diversity Visa Lottery: The Immigration Act of 1990 established the Diversity Visa (DV) Lottery to allow entry to immigrants from countries with low rates of immigration to the United States. The law states that 55,000 diversity visas in total are made available each fiscal year.

Nationals of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru are not eligible for the DV-2017 lottery. Source: MPI tabulation of data from Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 2013 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (Washington, DC: DHS Office of Immigration Statistics, 2014), available online . Despite moderate variations in immigration pathways by country of origin, family-based immigration was the primary channel for all South American immigrant groups, ranging from 45 percent of Venezuelan immigrants to 97 percent of those from Guyana. Around one-quarter to one-third of immigrants from Chile (22 percent), Brazil (25 percent), Argentina (30 percent), and Venezuela (31 percent) became green-card holders through employment sponsorship. Health Coverage South American immigrants were slightly more likely to have private health insurance coverage (56 percent) and less likely to have public coverage (26 percent) than the overall foreign-born population (see Figure 7). They were almost as likely as the foreign born to be uninsured (26 percent versus 27 percent).

About two-thirds of immigrants from Venezuela (65 percent) and Argentina (62 percent) were covered by private insurance, while sizable shares of those from Guyana (34 percent) and Ecuador (28 percent) had public coverage. At the same time, more than one-third of Uruguayans (42 percent) and Ecuadorans (35 percent) had no health insurance. Figure 7. Health Coverage for South American Immigrants, All Immigrants, and the Native Born, 2014 Note: The sum of shares by type of insurance is likely to be greater than 100 because people may have more than one type of insurance. Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 ACS. Diaspora Colombians represented the largest diaspora group among all South American populations in the United States. Approximately 1.2 million individuals were either born in Colombia or reported “Colombian Hispanic origin or ancestry” on the ACS. Ecuadorans (772,000) and Peruvians (723,000) comprised the second- and third-largest diasporas from South America in the United States (see Table 4).

Table 4. Estimates of the Top South American Diaspora Groups, 2010-14 Note: The term diaspora most often includes individuals born in the country as well as those who cited that origin as their ancestry, race, and/or ethnicity regardless of where they were born. Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-14 ACS. Remittances Remittances sent to South America grew rapidly starting in 1998, peaked in 2008, dropped sharply in 2009, and have remained relatively stable in the years since. Global remittances sent to South American countries via formal channels equaled nearly US $15 billion in 2015, representing only 0.3 percent of the region’s gross domestic product (GDP). For most South American countries, remittances accounted for a very small share of their GDP: around 0.1 percent in Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. In contrast, smaller economies in Guyana (10 percent), Ecuador (3 percent), and Paraguay (2 percent) were relatively more dependent on remittances. Figure 8.

Annual Remittance Flows to South America, 1970-2015 Source: MPI tabulations of data from the World Bank Prospects Group, “Annual Remittances Data,” October 2015 update. South America Tours & Travel | Australia's South America Experts Frequently Asked Questions What money do they use in South America ? Each country has its own currency with US Dollars being readily exchangeable throughout most of South America and accepted in many large hotels, top-end restaurants, supermarkets and major stores. Argentina - Argentinian Peso (ARS) Bolivia - Boliviano (BOB) Brazil - Brazilian Real (BRL) Chile - Chilean Peso (CLP) Colombia - Colombian Peso (COP) Ecuador - US Dollar (USD) French Guiana - Euro (EUR) Guyana - Guyana Dollar (GYD) Peru - Peruvian Nuevo Sol (PEN) Suriname - Suriname Dollar (SRD) Uruguay - Uruguayan Peso (UYU) Venezuela - Bolivar (VEF) Please check websites such as or for up to date exchange rates prior to your departure. What language do they speak in South America? Portuguese and Spanish are the primary languages of South America.

The majority of South Americans speak Portuguese but most South American countries are Spanish-speaking. English is spoken in Guyana, Dutch and Indonesian in Suriname and French in French Guiana. What is the religion of South Americans? Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in South America. In the Andes and lowland South America, shamanism and animism are common. Do I need to be fit to go to South America ? The level of fitness needed will depend on the South America tour that you choose to take in terms of countries to be visited and the types of activities to be included in your itinerary. Many parts of South America are at altitudes above 2000 metres, where there is a risk of altitude sickness. Altitude sickness effects everyone differently and usually has nothing to do with your general fitness level, but we highly recommend acclimatizing at altitude before taking strenuous treks or walks. Is it safe to travel in South America? Most South American countries have now recognized that tourism plays an important part in their economies and governments have taken great steps in the last few years to change South America’s poor security image. You will find a strong police presence in the towns, cities and sites most frequently visited by tourists.

To minimise security risks we recommend the following: - do not show any outward signs of wealth or wear expensive jewellery - keep your valuables in your hotel in safety deposit boxes - keep any valuables that you must carry with you hidden, as pickpockets can be present in crowded areas and around tourist areas - use only taxis with official identification - avoid going on your own to remote areas/ruins where tourists would not be expected to go - always keep your day pack and camera close to you and never leave them unattended Do I need a visa to travel to South America ? Visas are required by some nationalities for travel to certain South American countries. Please refer to the detailed information on the specific countries that you plan to travel through for visa requirements. How long do I need to travel to South America ? You could spend anything from a few days to several months travelling in South America, depending on whether you plan to focus on just one country, or maybe just one experience such as the Inca Trail. Or whether you plan to encompass several countries in your South America travels. Chimu Adventures offers itineraries to suit every time frame. How much should I budget for daily in South America? South America can vary greatly in terms of prices in each country.

Our South America tours include breakfast daily and many other meals may also be included in your itinerary. As a rough guide for additional spending money based on having moderately-priced lunches and dinners and buying a few souvenirs at local markets, we suggest the following budgets: 15-25 USD per day - Bolivia 20-30 USD per day - Peru, Ecuador, Colombia 25-35 USD per day - Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela 30-40 USD per day - Chile 35-45 USD per day - Brazil 30-50 USD per day - The Guianas Do I need to get vaccinations for South America? We recommend that you visit your doctor or a traveller’s medical centre for current information specific to those countries that you will be travelling through. As a general guide we recommend the following: - Yellow Fever – Especially for jungle areas - Hepatitis – Both A and B (twinrix) - Typhoid - Diphtheria - Cholera - Rabies - Tetanus What kind of power adaptor plug do I need for South America ? Most countries in South America use the European style outlet which contains 110v.

Please visit the below link for more information on each country: What should I pack to travel in South America? What you need to pack will depend on when and where you plan on travelling and on the activities that you plan to include whilst on your South America tour. The following should act as a useful checklist of essential items: • Passport, photocopy of passport & spare passport photos • Travel Insurance documents • Air tickets and itinerary • Foreign Currency (US$) and/or debit/credit cards, traveller’s cheques • Money belt • Small daypack • Basic first aid kit • High UVA sun block • Sunglasses & sunhat • Mosquito spray & insect repellent • Comfortable walking shoes/boots • Sandals • Long sleeve tops and trousers • Light-weight clothing • Warm clothing (depending on itinerary and time of year) • Camera with spare battery and memory cards • Security code padlock • Adaptor • Small torch Copyright Chimu Adventures All rights reserved 2004 - 2017. Chimu Adventures PTY LTD Lic: 2TA5968 England Football Online - Trivia Trivia We've collected these pieces of trivia from various sources over the years and we've tried to verify them where possible.

But if you know better or more, please let us know. Players Age Youngest player Theo Walcott , Arsenal, replaced Rooney as England's youngest ever player on 30 May 2006 when he came on as a 65th minute substitute against Hungary at Old Trafford, Manchester. Walcott was 17 years and 75 days old. Wayne Rooney , Everton, was 17 years and 111 days old when he played against Australia on 12 February 2003. Rooney had finally ended a 124 year record, displacing James Prinsep of Clapham Rovers, who was only 17 years and 253 days old when he played against Scotland on 5 April 1879. Rooney is the youngest player to start for England, when he did so against Turkey on 2 April 2003. He was 17 years and 160 days. Age Oldest player to appear Stanley Matthews, 42 years and 103 days old, against Denmark, 15 May 1957. Alec Morten has a disputed date of birth.

He was 68 years old at the time of his death on 24 February 1900. Meaning he was born in either 1831 or 1832, making him 41 or 42 on 8 March 1873 against Scotland. Age Oldest player to make his debut Alec Morten has a disputed date of birth. He was 68 years old at the time of his death on 24 February 1900. Meaning he was born in either 1831 or 1832, making him 41 or 42 on 8 March 1873 against Scotland, one non-specific source says 41 years and 114 days old. Either way - the oldest debutant. Leslie Compton was 38 years and 65 days old, in a 4-2 victory over Wales in Sunderland, November 15, 1950 Age Oldest opposition player Billy Meredith, 45 years and 229 days old, for Wales, 15 March 1920.

Age Youngest opposition player Sam Johnston, was 15 years and 154 days old, for Ireland, 18 February 1881. If the source is correct, then Jaroslav Jirkovský was 16 years and 242 days when he played for the Slavia Praha side that represented Bohemia against England on 13 June 1908. The modern-day record lay with Salomon Olembe, who was 16 years and 342 days old, when playing for Cameroon on 15 November 1997. Blendi Nallbani, most definitely the youngest opposition goalkeeper at 17 years and 331 days, for Albania, 26 April 1989. Age Youngest player to score Wayne Rooney , Everton, was 17 years and 317 days old when he scored in the 53rd minute against Macedonia on 6 September 2003. Age Youngest opposition player to score Wi llie Gibson , 17 years and 153 days old when he scored in a late Ireland equaliser, on 3 March 1894.

It was the first time Ireland avoided defeat at the hands of England, albeit, some match reports say the ball went through the side. Jean Capelle, at 17 years and 202 days, scored for Belgium against England on 16 May 1931 in Brussels. Age Youngest debutant to score Marcus Rashford, Manchester United, having played just eighteen first team matches for his club, scored 138 seconds into his debut against Australia, 27 May 2016, at The Stadium of Light, Sunderland. He was 18 years and 209 days old. Beating the previous record held by T ommy Lawton , Everton, was 19 years and 16 days old when he scored a penalty against Wales on 22 October 1938. Age Youngest player to score a penalty T ommy Lawton , Everton, was 19 years and 16 days old when he scored a penalty on his debut against Wales on 22 October 1938.

Age Oldest player to score Stanley Matthews was 41 years and 248 days old when he scored for England in the 2nd minute against Northern Ireland on 10 October 1956. Age Oldest debutant to score Jimmy Moore was 34 years and 11 days old when he scored for England against Sweden on 21 May 1923. Bill Nicholson is the oldest post-war scoring debutant. He was 32 years and 113 days when he scored against Portugal on 19 May 1951. Age Youngest Captain Bobby Moore was 22 years and 47 days when he captained England to a 4-2 win against Czechoslovakia in Bratislava on May 29, 1963. Tinsley Lindley was 22 years and 100 days old when he captained England against Wales in February 1888. After Bobby Moore, Michael Owen was 22 years and 125 days old when he captained England against Paraguay on 17 April 2002.

Sol Campbell is by far the youngest Black Captain, he was 23 years and 254 days old when he led England out against Belgium, 29 May 1998. Gerry Francis was 23 years old and 272 days old when he captained England against Switzerland on 3 September 1975. Steven Gerrard was 23 years old and 307 days old when he took the armband for the first time in England's match against Sweden on 31 March 2004. Wayne Rooney was 24 years and 22 days old when he captained England for the first time against Brazil in Qatar on 14 November 2009. Billy Wright was 24 years and 228 days when he gained the first of his ninety captaincies. Age Youngest Opposition Captain Olphie Stanfield, when he was only five days into his twentieth year, led his Ireland side out against England on 2 March 1889. James Fitzpatrick captained Ireland on his debut on 7 March 1896, he was 20 years old and 79 days.

Aaron Ramsey, is most certainly the youngest post-war captain when he did so for Wales against England on 26 March 2011. He was 20 years and 90 days old, when Wales manager Gary Speed choose him to be the new national side's captain. Andreas Ivanschitz was 20 years and 325 days old when he captained Austria against England on 4 September 2005. Age Oldest Captain in the third place play-off of the 1990 World Cup. Age Youngest player to play at a World Cup final tournament Michael Owen was 18 years and 183 days old when he made a substitute appearance against Tunisia in Marseille in the 1998 World Cup. He started the final group match against Colombia in Lens, aged 18 years and 194 days. Age Youngest player to score at a World Cup final tournament Michael Owen was 18 years and 190 days old when he scored against Romania in Toulouse in the 1998 World Cup. He broke the record set by Jimmy Greaves in the 1962 World Cup.

Age Oldest player to score at a World Cup final tournament Tom Finney was 36 years old and 64 days old when he scored in the opening World Cup Finals match in 1958, against the USSR on 8 June 1958. He already held the record, aged 32 years old and 82 days when he scored England's final goal of the 1954 tournament against Uruguay on 26 June 1954. Wilf Mannion, the scorer of England's second ever World Cup goal, was 32 years and 40 days old when he scored against Chile in the Maracana, on 25 June 1950. Ivor Broadis was 31 years and 181 days old when scored twice against Belgium on 17 June 1954. Jimmy Mullen was 31 years and 165 days old when he scored three days later against Switzerland. David Beckham, when he scored his free-kick against Ecuador, on 25 June 2006, was 31 years and 54 days.

Matthew Upson, four years later, against Germany on 27 June 2010, was also 31 years old, and 68 days. Steven Gerrard had only just turned 30 years old when he scored against the USA at the beginning of the 2010 tournament. Age Youngest goalkeeper to play at a World Cup final tournament P aul Robinson was 26 years and 238 days old when he played against Paraguay in Frankfurt in the 2006 World Cup. Age Youngest player on a World Cup final tournament squad Theo Walcott , 2006 World Cup finals, at the time of the first match, Walcott was 17 years and 87 days old. Age Oldest player to play at a World Cup final tournament Peter Shilton was 40 years and 293 days old when he played against Italy , as captain, in the third place play-off of the 1990 World Cup. Age Oldest player on a World Cup final tournament squad Peter Shilton, 1990 World Cup finals, at the time of the first match, Shilton was 40 years and 267 days old.

Age Youngest player to play at a European Championship final tournament Marcus Rashford was a 73rd minute subsitute against Wales, the second group match of Euro 2016 in France, he was 18 years and 229 days, taking five days off the record previously held by Wayne Rooney , who was 18 years and 234 days old when he played against France in Portugal in the 2004 European Championship Finals. Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain had become the third eighteen year old to appear for England in a major tournament, following Rooney and previous to that, Michael Owen in the 1998 World Cup Finals, when he played against France in Donetsk in the 2012 European Championship Finals. He was 18 years and 301 days. Age Youngest player to score at a European Championship final tournament Wayne Rooney was 18 years and 237 days old when he scored twice against Switzerland in Portugal in the 2004 European Championship Finals.

Age Youngest goalkeeper to play at a European Championship final tournament Joe Hart was 25 years and 53 days old when he played against France in Donetsk in the 2012 European Championship Finals. Age Youngest player on a European Championship final tournament squad Marcus Rashford, who at the time of the first match in the 2016 European Championship Finals, against Russia, was 18 years and 224 days, to beat the previous record by ten days, held by Wayne Rooney , who during the 2004 European Championship Finals, at the time of the first match, was 18 years and 234 days. Age Oldest player to play at a European Championship final tournament Peter Shilton was 38 years and 272 days old when he played against Netherlands in Düsseldorf during Euro 88. It was his one hundredth cap. Age Oldest player to score at a European Championship final tournament Trevor Brooking was 31 years and 260 days old when he scored against Spain in Napoli during Euro 80, on 22 June 1980.

Bryan Robson was 31 years and 156 days old when he scored Netherlands during the unsuccessful Euro 1988 tournament. Age Oldest player on a European Championship final tournament squad Peter Shilton, 1988 European Championship finals, at the time of the first match, Shilton was 38 years and 8 months old. Jermain Defoe, 7 goals scored whilst a substitute, between 2007 and 2012. Peter Crouch scored his fifth substitute goal against France, November 2010. Substitute Most goals scored for England by substitutes Three, twice. Firstly in the City of Manchester Stadium, Manchester in a FA Summer Tournament match against Iceland, on 5 June 2004. Darius Vassell, twice, and Wayne Bridge scored after coming on as substitutes. Then, in San Marino Stadium, Serravalle, on 5 September 2015, Theo Walcott (twice) and Harry Kane, after alos coming on as substitutes. Substitute Most substitutes scoring against England Three, in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 17 August 2005.

Three Danish substitutes, Dennis Rommedahl, Michael Gravgaard and Søren Larsen all scored in the 4-1 friendly demolition of England. Substitute Most substitutions in a match All by Sven-Goran Eriksson BME Black and Minority Ethnic players Viv Anderson was the first BME player to appear for England. His first cap came in the 1-0 victory against Czechoslovakia at Wembley on 29 November 1978, when he played for Nottingham Forest. He later earned caps while playing for Arsenal and Manchester United. Although he was a member of both the 1982 and 1986 World Cup squads, his only appearance in the finals of a major tournament came in the 2-1 victory over Spain in the European Championship finals of 1980 in Italy. Altogether he made 30 England appearances spread over a 10-season international career that came to a close in the 1-1 Rous Cup draw with Colombia at Wembley on May 24, 1988.

Recently he served as assistant manager at Middlesbrough under his former England teammate and captain Bryan Robson, Anderson was awarded an MBE in the Queen's New Year's Honours List published 31 December 1999. Laurie Cunningham made his England debut later the same season in the goalless draw with Wales at Wembley on 23 May 1979. Cyrille Regis first appeared for England as a substitute in the 4-0 victory over Northern Ireland at Wembley on 23 February 1982. Luther Blissett got his first cap as a substitute in the 2-1 loss to West Germany at Wembley on 13 October 1982. Clubs Players from Clubs in the Second Level Division Plenty of Second Level players have played for England .

In the last 20 years, the following have all achieved this feat: Gary Pallister (Middlesbrough), Steve Bull (Wolverhampton Wanderers), David Hirst (Sheffield Wednesday), Earl Barrett (Oldham Athletic), Stuart Pearce (Nottingham Forest), Paul Merson and Paul Gascoigne (both Middlesbrough), Michael Gray and Kevin Phillips (both Sunderland), Richard Wright (Ipswich Town), David James (West Ham United), David Nugent (Preston North End), Jay Bothroyd (Cardiff City), Rob Green (West Ham United), Jack Butland (Birmingham City), Wilfried Zaha (Crystal Palace) and Tom Heaton (Burnley). All of these, with the exception of Bull, James, Nugent and Butland played for clubs which were promoted at the end of the relevant season.

Clubs Players from Clubs Outside the Two Top Divisions Jack Fort (Millwall, 1921), Ernie Simms (Luton Town, 1921), Fred Titmuss and Bill Rawlings (both Southampton, 1922), Seth Plum and Harold Miller (both Charlton Athletic, 1923), Tommy Cook (Brighton & Hove Albion, 1925), Len Graham and Fred Fox (both Millwall, 1925), George Armitage (Charlton Athletic, 1925), Dick Hill (Millwall, 1926), Len Oliver and Albert Barrett (both Fulham, 1929), Joe Payne (Luton Town, 1937), Tommy Lawton (Notts County, 1947), Reg Matthews (Coventry City, 1956), Johnny Byrne (Crystal Palace, 1961), Peter Taylor (Crystal Palace, 1976) and Steve Bull (Wolverhampton Wanderers, 1989).

Clubs Players from Clubs Outside England (31) Joe Baker (Hibernian, 1959), Gerry Hitchens (Inter Milan, 1962), Kevin Keegan (Hamburg, 1977), David Watson (Werder Bremen, 1979), Tony Woodcock (FC Cologne, 1980), Laurie Cunningham (Real Madrid, 1980), Trevor Francis (Sampdoria, 1982), Luther Blissett (AC Milan, 1983), Ray Wilkins (AC Milan, 1984), Mark Hateley ( AC Milan, 1984, Monaco, 1987, Rangers, 1992), Terry Butcher and Chris Woods (Rangers, 1986), Gordon Cowans (Bari, 1986), Gary Lineker (Barcelona, 1986), Glenn Hoddle (Monaco, 1987), Gary Stevens ( Tallest player Both Peter Crouch and Fraser Forster stood at a proud 6ft. 7in.. Zat Knight stood at 6ft.

6in., and was England's tallest player for 45 minutes against USA, 28 May 2005. Crouch debuted in the next match against Colombia, 31 May 2005. "At 6ft 6in 'Fatty' is the tallest footballer to have represented England. Although regarded as a freak show by many, Foulke was agile for his size and an expert penalty stopper. In the early 1900s, keepers didn't have to stay on the line for penalties, so as a kick was taken Foulke and his enormous bulk charged towards the penalty spot, putting opponents off." Fat Sportsmen, The Observer Sport Monthly, 6 January 2002. It must be noted that Foulke standing at 6'6 is without source. Whereas most official sources attribute him less standing at 6ft. 4in.. Billy Gunn (1884) and Joe Corrigan (1976-82) both stood at 6ft. 4ins. Characteristics Managers Players who played under most managers/coaches Gareth Barry had played under eight managers.

Beginning in 2000, Kevin Keegan, Howard Wilkinson, Peter Taylor, Sven-Göran Eriksson, Steve McClaren, Fabio Capello, Stuart Pearce and Roy Hodgson. Managers Most managers per appearance Andrew Cole earned his first four caps under four different managers for an average of one manager per appearance. Cole made his debut against Uruguay under Terry Venables in 1995, appeared next against Italy under Glenn Hoddle at the Tournoi de France in 1997, made his third appearance against France under caretaker Howard Wilkinson in 1999 and finally earned his fourth cap against Poland under new manager Kevin Keegan in his first starting appearance a few weeks later. Team On This Day: Everton Chile Formed | Everton Football Club On This Day: Everton Chile Formed Everton v Bournemouth On 24 June 1909, Everton Chile were formed as a result of the English Everton's first South American tour. The Blues and Tottenham Hotspur had been invited to play a number of matches in Argentina and Uruguay because football was becoming a popular sport in South America and it was thought a visit from two, strong, professional clubs would enhance this development.

Both clubs had finished runners-up - in the First and Second Divisions respectively - before setting sail from Southampton in May. Well, Everton did. Unfortunately, Spurs literally missed the boat and had to arrange a hasty lift to catch up with R.M.S. Araguaya in the Solent! Excitement was high in Argentina and Uruguay as home fans sought to measure their skills against two of the best representatives from England. Since the first game played in South America in 1867, the sport had been dominated by migrant workers from Britain and the local elite, although there was a growing movement amongst the local working class to set up their own clubs. Boca Juniors, Racing and River Plate were all founded in the immediate years before this tour. Power had still not shifted from the elite British-based sides however, so the tourists found themselves facing teams made up, on the whole, of amateur Britons. Everton and Spurs played each other in the first match of the tour and drew a crowd in excess of 10,000, with the Argentinian President and assorted ministers witnessing a fine exhibition of football which ended in a 2-2 draw.

The visitors then spent the next month taking on teams from Buenos Aires, Montevideo and Rosario. All the matches against local opposition were won and there was then one more game between the two English sides, with Everton running out 4-0 victors. The star of the game and, indeed, the tour, was the Blues’ England forward Bert Freeman, who amazed the opposition with his tenacity and dribbling skills. The truly lasting legacy of the tour, however, came in neighbouring Chile. As the tour of Argentina was drawing to a close, news of Everton's successes had reached over the Andes to the Chilean city of Valparaiso - at the time a busy, bustling port visited by all ships travelling between Europe and the west coast of the Americas, as the Panama Canal wasn't opened until 1914. A group of Anglo-Chileans aged between 14 and 15-years-old decided to establish their own team - and they called it Everton Football Club. Although all were Chilean-born, there remained a firm link back to England.

The leader of the group was David Foxley, whose grandparents David and Anne had emigrated from Liverpool in 1859 to set up the first steam-driven flour mill in Valparaiso. The early days of the club were spent playing friendly games against mainly British clubs in the winter and practicing athletics in the summer. The latter element became so successful that in 1919 they changed their name to Club Deportes Everton, partly to reflect the Chilean nature of the club but also to reflect the prominence that the athletic branch had achieved in the region and also at national and international level. Several Everton athletes had been crowned South American athletics champions; Rodolfo Hammersley in 1910 and Harold Rosenqvist in 1918, for example. Since its foundation on 24 June 1909, the club had been considered, because of its British roots, somewhat elitist. Although open to anyone, the aspiring candidates not only had to be seconded but also find a considerable membership fee. As the years went by, many of the older established clubs fell by the wayside, some folding as their players returned to Europe to fight for king and country, never to return.

This was the case of two founder members of Everton Chile - Frank Boundy & Malcolm Fraser, who were both killed in the Great War. But Chile's Everton began to attract fans from a wider area. In 1925, after years of being an athletics club with a football division, they relaxed their rules on membership, attracting keen and skilful players from all sectors of Valparaiso society. The impetus the football section needed was provided with a 2-1 victory over the visiting Uruguayan team Bellavista of Montevideo, who had no less than seven players who had taken part in their nation's Olympic victory in Paris in 1924. The club went through a number of highs and lows over the next few decades but, in 1944, were elected to the national professional league, along with city rivals Santiago Wanderers. One of the conditions for their entry to the league was to transfer five miles up the coast to the town of Viña del Mar. The Ruleteros, as they became known because of the famous casino in the town, have remained there ever since.

In 1950, they became the first provincial club to win the Chilean league title - a feat repeated again in 1952, 1976 and 2008. The Ruleteros Society, formed in 2002, is a supporters' group who aim to develop links between fans of both clubs – and they played a key role in a strengthening that bond in 2010. Everton Chile famously came to Goodison Park to take on the forefather Everton in a friendly game held to celebrate the associations between the two sides 101 years after the former’s formation. Jermaine Beckford and Diniyar Bilyaletdinov scored the goals as the hosts recorded a 2-0 win in the historic encounter. To this day, Everton Chile, or Everton de Viña del Mar to give them their full title, continue to go from strength to strength. In May 2016, they secured a return to the Primera division before this month announcing fresh investment from a Mexico-based firm and an aim of becoming a giant on the nation’s sporting scene once again. For more information on The Ruleteros Society, click here .

Question: Which South American country has a first division side called Everton?
Answer: Chile