First to sail around the world Home » vehicles » First to sail around the world First to sail around the world The Age of Discovery was led by the the great sea adventurers in their search for a route to spice markets of the Far East when the eastern Mediterranean were blocked by powerful rivals. When Vasco da Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope to reach India in 1498, the Portuguese concentrated their efforts to the south and east. The Spanish, who agreed to divide the world in two with the Portuguese in the Treaty of Tordesillas on 7 June 1494, sailed west. They were not aware of the American continents and no one knew there was a Pacific Ocean. The New World Christopher Columbus (1451-1506), an Italian who had moved to Spain, theorized that since the earth was a sphere, a ship could reach the Far East from the opposite direction. He convinced the monarchs to sponsor his search, setting sail in August 1492 with a fleet of three ships, the Niña, the Pinta, and the flagship Santa Maria. After 10 weeks, he sighted an island in the Bahamas, which he named San Salvador.

Thinking he had found islands near Japan, he sailed on until he reached Cuba (which he thought was China) and Haiti. He encountered dark-skinned peoples whom he called “Indians” because he assumed he had been sailing in the Indian Ocean. Columbus made 3 more voyages to the New World which he thought was the East, in 1493, 1497 and 1502, exploring Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Jamaica, and Trinidad. He never reached North America, and until he died, thought he had reached Asia. Replica of the Santa Maria. Photo via Library of Congress North America already discovered Columbus did not know but Viking ships reached North America almost 500 year before he had set sail. Sailing from Iceland in mid-990, Biarni Heriolfsson was blown off course and located an unknown land. He did not explore or name it. In 1002 Leifr Eiriksson backtracked Biarni’s course and reached the coast of present-day Canada.

Eiriksson then sailed south and discovered an island he called Vinland (present-day Newfoundland) where he established a colony and traded for 3 years with the native population known as Skraelings. The Skraelings eventually forced them to leave, but the Vikings continued to sail to Canada for timber. “New Found Land” In 1497, King Henry VII granted John Cabot (1450-1498) a charter to explore. On 2 May Cabot and a crew of 18 left Bristol, England in a small ship called The Matthew. Cabot sailed farther north than Columbus did, out of the way of the Spanish territories. On 24 June the crew sighted land. Cabot was convinced he had found an island off the coast of Asia and named it “new found land.” It was the first documented landing in Newfoundland since the Viking voyages. Cabot returned to England on 6 August 1497, and although he brought no spices or treasure back with him, he was the first to map out the North American coast. Replica of Cabot’s The Matthew.

Naming “America” Amerigo Vespucci The Portuguese-Spanish dividing line ran through the Atlantic with Spain gaining lands to the west, including the Americas. Brazil was granted to Portugal, who gained eastern Africa and India. But without accurate measurements, the question on the exact line persisted. In 1501, King Manuel I of Portugal dispatched fleets to Brazil, one of the officers being the Italian Amerigo Vespucci. He was among the first explorers to report that South America was a continent, not an island, calling it the “New World”. An excellent mapmaker, Vespucci sold copies of his maps to German cartographer Martin Waldseemuller, who, when reproducing it in 1507, gave Vespucci credit by writing his first name on the South American continent. Thus the southern continent became known as “America”. The first circumnavigation The first circumnavigation of the globe was led by Ferdinand Magellan, who was born in Oporto, Portugal in 1480. In 1505, Magellan enlisted in the navy where he learned seamanship and naval warfare under Portuguese viceroys in India.

In 1509, he took part in the Battle of Die, which gave Portugal supremacy over the Indian Ocean. For 7 years he traded from Cochin, China and Malacca. Like Columbus before him, Magellan believed he would reach the Far East by sailing west. Snubbed by the Portuguese king, Magellan convinced the Spanish king, Charles I that at least some of the Spice Islands lay in the Spanish half of the undiscovered world. In September 1519 Magellan set sail with 280 men on 5 ships (San Antonio, Santiago, Trinidad, Victoria, and Concepcion) on a voyage fraught with hardship and mutiny. An Italian nobleman on the ship, Antonio Pigafetta, kept a diary of the voyage. They crossed the equator on 20 November 1519 and sighted Brazil on 6 December. Magellan thought it unwise to go near the Portuguese territory since he was sailing under the Spanish flag and anchored near present-day Rio de Janiero on 13th December. They were greeted by Guarani Indians who believed the white men to be gods and showered them with goods.

After stocking up, they sailed south, reaching Patagonia (Argentina) in March 1520. The Santiago was sent to explore further south and was lost in a gale. In August, Magellan decided it was time to move further south to look for a passage through to the east. By October they sighted a strait. During the passage, the captain of San Antonia turned his ship back toward Spain, taking most of the fleet’s provisions. Into the vast Pacific The remaining 3 ships emerged from the strait to the Pacific by end-November. Magellan thought the Spice Islands were a short voyage away but they sailed for 96 days without sighting land. Conditions aboard the ships were abominable. The crew survived on sawdust, leather strips, and rats. Finally, in January 1521, they stopped off at an island to feast. In March, they reached Guam. The Armada de Maluco reached the Philippines (which Magellan named San Lazaro) on 15 March 1521. He anchored at Suluan on 16 March and went to Homonhon on 17 March.

On 28 March 1521 Magellan and his fleet made landfall at Mazaua. After befriending an island king, Magellan foolishly got involved in a tribal war and was killed in battle on 27 April 1521. Sebastian del Cano took command of the ships and 115 survivors. Because there were not enough men to crew 3 ships, he burned the Concepcion. They sailed to the Moluccas (Spice Islands) in November, loading valuable spices. To guarantee that at least one ship would make it back to Spain, the Trinidad went east across the Pacific, while the Victoria continued west. The Trinidad was seized by the Portuguese and most of her crew were killed. The Victoria managed to elude the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean and rounded the Cape of Good Hope. On 6 September 1522, almost three years from the day it began its historic journey, the Victoria and 18 crew members (Pigafetta among them) arrived in Spain. They were the first to circumnavigate the globe. When the Victoria’s spices were auctioned, the income was high enough to cover all the expenses of the voyage and even produce profit.

Nao Victoria replica, built 1992. Img Wikipedia Victoria Vicente de Jesus contributed to this article as follows: “On March 28, 1521 Magellan and his fleet made landfall at Mazaua, a mystery island that is the object of a controversy parallel to the Columbus first landfall question. My studies show Mazaua is in 9 degrees N. A team of geologists, geomorphologist and archaeologist was hired in year 2000 to search for the isle and have discovered a most improbable thing: an isle that has been fused with mainland Mindanao at Butuan City. We hope to excavate and find authentic remnants of Magellan’s visit. If indeed this was Mazaua, there’s no question there will be material proof of Magellan’s having been to this isle.” Image shows the replica of the flagship Trinidad, the ship in which Ferdinand Magellan led the first circumnavigation of the world. The correct Portuguese name of Ferdinand Magellan is Fernao do Magalhaes. The family coat of arms of Magalhaes are Argent, three fesses chequy Gules and Or.

Fernao wasn’t the head of the main branch but the family line continues to this day. The second circumnavigation The second circumnavigation of the globe was accomplished by the pirate-turned-explorer Englishman Francis Drake (1540-1596). Seeing Spain amassing a new vast empire, Queen Elizabeth I secretly sent Drake to the west, with the added intent to harass the Spanish. On 13 December 1577 Drake sailed from Plymouth, England with 6 ships under his command. In September 1578 five of the ships turned back at the Strait of Magellan while Drake sailed on in the Golden Hind. By June 1579 he had reached the coast of present-day California and sailed as far north as the present-day United States-Canadian border. He then turned southwest and crossed the Pacific Ocean in 2 months. He voyaged through the Indies, across the Indian Ocean, and around the Cape of Good Hope. With the Golden Hind laden with gold and spices, he sailed into Plymouth on 26 September 1580, the first captain to circumnavigate the globe. Captain Cook Another famous circumnavigation was that of James Cook.

He sailed from England on 25 August 1768 aboard the Endeavour with 94 crewmen and scientists. On 11 April 1769, they reached Tahiti. On government orders, they sailed south, reaching New Zealand on 6 October. By April 1770, Cook explored and documented Australia. The Endeavour then made its way to Java, sailing on past the Cape of Good Hope. On 13 July 1771 Cook sailed into Dover. Following the historic 3-year journey, he was appointed Naval Commander by King George III. First solo circumnavigation Joshua Slocum, who was born in Nova Scotia in 1844, became an American citizen and Captain Slocum at age 25. On 24 April 1895, at 51-year old, Slocum sailed out of Boston in his 11m (37ft) sloop Spray, a decrepit oyster dredger that he had rebuilt himself. Slocum crossed the Atlantic toward the Suez Canal. In Gibraltar, he was warned of pirates in the Mediterranean.

So, he started back across the Atlantic, and headed down the Brazilian coast, through the hellish Strait of Magellan. He faced deadly currents, rocky coasts and heavy seas as he sailed around Australia, the Cape of Good Hope, and across the Atlantic. On 27 June 1898, more than 3 years and 74000km (46,000 miles) later, Joshua Slocum entered Newport, Rhode Island, as the first man to sail around the world solo. Joshua Slocum’s Spray. Img Wikipedia Spray Later, planning a voyage up the Amazon, Slocum set sail from Vineyard Haven on November 14, 1909, but he was lost with his ship. First around with only one stop The honor of being the first to sail around the world alone with only one stop went to Francis Chichester (1902-1972). In 1966, the 64-year old Chichester sailed his 16m (53ft) ketch Gypsy Moth IV from England. The steering mechanism broke 3 700km (2,300 miles ) from Australia.

Soon after leaving Sydney, the Gipsy capsized but righted itself. Around the Cape Horn, Chichester faced 15m (50ft) high waves. But he was not a man to step back from a challenge. In 1960, he was the winner of the first single-hand transatlantic race. Chichester also made the world’s first solo long distance flight in a seaplane (England to Australia). On 28 May 1967, after 226 days at sea, he was welcomed back by a half-million people at Plymouth, England. First solo non-stop circumnavigation From Wikipedia : “On 14 June 1968 Robin Knox-Johnston left Falmouth, UK in his 32-foot (9.8-meter) boat Suhaili, one of the smallest boats to enter the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race. Despite losing his self-steering gear off Australia, he rounded Cape Horn on 17 January 1969, 20 days before his closest competitor Bernard Moitessier, who subsequently abandoned the race and sailed on to Tahiti.

The other seven competitors dropped out at various stages, leaving Knox-Johnston to win the race and become officially the first man to circumnavigate the globe non-stop and single-handed on 22 April 1969, the day he returned to Falmouth.” Robin Knox-Johnston, Suhaili, first solo circumnavigation. Around alone Today, sailing single-handedly non-stop around the world grabs the imagination more than ever. Chay Blyth, nicknamed “the man of steel” became one of few when he sailed against the winds around the world from east to west aboard the ketch British Steel in 1971, completing the voyage in 302 days. Two years later Frenchman Alain Colas aboard his trimaran Manureva circumnavigated around the 3 great capes, taking only 129 days to complete the voyage. The first woman to sail solo around the world was Krystyna Chojnowska- Liskiewicz, starting the journey in the Canary Islands on February 28, 1976 and completing it there 401 days later, on April 2, 1978.

In 1979, 29-year-old Naomi James braved the seas for 272 days to become the first woman to circumnavigate the globe via Cape Horn, the classic “Clipper Route.” The first woman to circumnavigate the world single-handed non-stop was Kay Cottee , completing the 189-day feat on June, 5 1998. On 21 May 2008, Adrian Flanagan became the first person to complete a single-handed, vertical circumnavigation, covering the 31 000 miles in 405 days 18 hours 50 minutes. Australian Jon Sanders circumnavigated the globe 9 times single-handedly, the ninth time in 2015 at age 75. He also achieved a remarkable non-stop triple circumnavigation between May 1986 and March 1988, covering 131,535km (71,023 nautical miles) – the longest distance ever sailed continuously by any vessel. His other records, according to his Wikipedia page, includes: First solo circumnavigation trip east to west mostly sailing through tropics (1970).

The first single-handed sailor to remain continuously at sea twice around the world (1981 – 1982). First circumnavigation of Antarctica, circling the continent twice in 1981 – 1982. First single-handed sailor to round the five southern most Capes twice on one voyage. First single-handed sailor to round the five southern most Capes twice. Longest distance continuously sailed by any yacht: 48,510 miles (78,070 km). Longest period alone at sea during a continuous voyage: 419 days: 22 hours: 10 minutes. The circumnavigation contests Circumnavigation had become the rage, as with the Whitbread race, now known as the Volvo Ocean Race . In 1982, British company BOC Gasses launched the BOC Challenge single-handed race around the world, with stops: “One person, One boat, Around the world.” It was renamed AroundAlone in 1998 but continued as the Velux 5 Oceans in 2006. The race is managed by Clipper Events, who also handle the Clipper Race .

In 1989, two times winner of the BOC Challenge, Frenchman Philippe Jeantot, launched the idea of a single-handed non-stop race around the world. The Vendee Globe is extreme, the “official supplier of legends.” The finish line literally is a world away. The Barcelona World Race , since 2007, is a non-stop around the world yacht race along the Clipper route for a crew of two. Factoids In 120AD, Egyptian mathematician and astronomer Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus) invents a number of projections whereby an area on the curved surface of the Earth can be represented on a flat surface. His geography is introduced in Europe in 1406 and with the invention of the printing press in 1450 his plans are published and widely accepted. Shipping company Cunard Laconia introduced the first around-the-world cruise on the Laconia in 1922. More about cruise liners .

The quest to become the first to circumnavigate the earth in a hot air balloon Two Cunard ships to circumnavigate globe in 2016 FacebookEmail Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest Two Cunard ships to circumnavigate globe in 2016 Cunard is planning two more epic, around-the-world cruises for 2016. For the first time since 2009, the line's 2,620-passenger Queen Mary 2 will make a full circumnavigation of the globe with a 120-night Post to Facebook Two Cunard ships to circumnavigate globe in 2016 Cunard is planning two more epic, around-the-world cruises for 2016. For the first time since 2009, the line's 2,620-passenger Queen Mary 2 will make a full circumnavigation of the globe with a 120-night Check out this story on USATODAY.com: CancelSend A link has been sent to your friend's email address. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed.

Join the Nation's Conversation To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs Two Cunard ships to circumnavigate globe in 2016 Gene Sloan , USA TODAY 8:08 a.m. ET Aug. 28, 2014 (Photo: James D. Morgan, Cunard Line) Cunard is planning two more epic, around-the-world cruises for 2016. For the first time since 2009, the line's 2,620-passenger Queen Mary 2 will make a full circumnavigation of the globe with a 120-night westbound voyage from Southampton, England that includes calls at 38 ports in 26 countries. Also sailing westbound around-the-world out of Southampton on a 120-night voyage will be the 2,014-passenger Queen Victoria . The ship will visit 37 ports in 22 countries. Cunard's third vessel, the 2,092-passenger Queen Elizabeth, also will make an epic, world-crossing journey out of Southampton in 2016 although it won't completely circumnavigate the globe.

The ship will sail a 121-night voyage to Africa, Australia and Asia that includes calls in 42 ports in 25 countries. CUNARD SHIP TOURS: Queen Victoria | Queen Mary 2 All three cruises will begin in Southampton on the same day, Jan. 10, 2016. The three ships also will return simultaneously on May 10, 2016. The Queen Mary 2 initially will sail across the Atlantic to South America, cruising around Cape Horn to the Pacific before heading to New Zealand, Australia and Asia. It returns to Europe via the Suez Canal. The Queen Victoria will sail across the Atlantic to the Caribbean, passing through the Panama Canal to Costa Rica and California before crossing the Pacific to Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia and Asia. It returns to Europe via a southerly trip around Africa. The cruises will be available for booking starting Sept. 10 (Sept. 9 for past Cunard passengers). Fares for all three sailings start at $19,999 per person. Cunard also is selling shorter segments of the trips starting at a lower cost.

RELATED: Best world cruises Customers who book the full sailings and longer segments by Feb. 28, 2015 will receive an on-board credit of up to $3,000 per cabin as well as free gratuities. Members of Cunard's World Club frequent cruiser program can get additional savings when booking by Feb. 28, 2015. Cunard initiated the world cruise concept in 1922 and traditionally offers at least one full circumnavigation of the globe every year. For a deck-by-deck look at Cunard's Queen Victoria, click through the carousel below. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. The Queen Victoria recently made headlines as the setting for Katy Pilgrim’s latest international thriller, The Explorer’s Code. The best-selling author and news anchor is a huge fan of Cunard Line and actually wrote the novel while cruising aboard the ship and its two fleetmates, the Queen Mary 2 and the Queen Elizabeth. Peter Knego The aft portion of Deck 10 has additional sunning space on a terrace overlooking the Lido Pool. Peter Knego Fullscreen The name Queen Victoria is a first for the Cunard Line fleet.

The 90,000-ton, 2,000-passenger ship’s hull and machinery are a variation of the Vista Class platform of ships (Zuiderdam, Oosterdam, Westerdam and Noordam) commissioned by parent company Carnival Corporation for sister line Holland America. Peter Knego Fullscreen In 2003, construction began on the Queen Victoria but after a good deal of consternation, the plans evolved and the vessel that was started as the Queen Victoria was completed in 2005 as the MV Arcadia for another Carnival-owned company, British-based P&O Cruises. Peter Knego In the interim, Carnival’s architects went back to Fincantieri’s busy Marghera (near Venice) shipyard with a new set of plans for a revised, grander Queen Victoria that was slightly longer and 5,000 tons larger than the prior ship. Peter Knego Fullscreen Built at a cost of USD $522 million, the Queen Victoria was delivered with much fanfare in late 2007.

It was Cunard’s first new build since the Queen Mary 2 of 2004 and affirmed Carnival’s commitment to expanding and modernizing its historic Cunard brand. Peter Knego The Queen Victoria sailed from its builders in Italy to Southampton in December of 2007 where it was christened in a gala ceremony by HRH Camilla, the Duchess of Cornwall, in the presence of HRH Charles, Prince of Wales. Peter Knego Fullscreen Mid-sized by today’s standards, the Queen Victoria is 964.5 feet long by 106 feet wide and has a draft of 26.2 feet. The ship spends its summers in European cruising and winters in the U.S., with cruises to the Panama Canal and Hawaii. Peter Knego The Queen Victoria has 16 decks, 12 of which are for passengers’ use. The ship is manned by an international crew of 1,001 with a large contingent of British officers. Peter Knego The Queen Victoria is powered by six Wartsila/Sulzer diesel engines that propel twin-fixed AZIPODS at a regular cruising speed of 18 knots.

The ship has a maximum speed of 23.7 knots. Peter Knego Every year, 954,861 tea bags, 59,060 pounds of coffee, 12,940 pounds of smoked salmon, 351,900 bottles of wine and champagne and 440,310 pounds of potatoes are consumed aboard the Queen Victoria. Peter Knego Fullscreen On March 3, 2011, the Queen Victoria rendezvoused with the original Queen Mary at the permanently-moored liner’s home in Long Beach, California. The historic occasion was marked with a fireboat’s spray, an exchange of whistle salutes between the ships and a spectacular fireworks display. Peter Knego Reserved for use of Grill Class guests and located just forward of the funnel, Deck 12 is the uppermost passenger level. Peter Knego Shown from the vantage of port Deck 12, the Queen Victoria’s funnel wears Cunard’s traditional black-topped, orange/red-with-black-pinstripes livery. The design of the stack is inspired by that of Cunard’s legendary QE2 of 1969.

Peter Knego From Deck 12, there is a sweeping view of the midships sunning terrace on Deck 11 (also for the exclusive use of Grill Class guests) as well as the Pavilion Pool area. Peter Knego The forward portion of Deck 11 overlooks the bow and is sheltered by tall glass screens. Errant tennis balls are contained by all-encompassing netting that surrounds the court at the base of the mast housing. Peter Knego On the starboard side of forward Deck 11, there is a pair of shuffleboard courts. Peter Knego The forward portion of Deck 11 leads to a platform atop the circular Hemispheres Lounge that features an oversized chess court. Peter Knego From the oversized chess court, there is a nice aft-facing view of the Pavilion Pool area on the Queen Victoria. Peter Knego The midships portion of Deck 10 is lined with seating that overlooks the pool area. Peter Knego Deck 10 continues aft with passages that are partially sheltered by the overhang of the ship’s exclusive Grill restaurants. Peter Knego Located on Deck 9, the midships Pavilion Pool is surrounded by cushioned deck chairs and two whirlpools.

Peter Knego The aft-situated Lido Pool and two more whirlpools are also located on Deck 9, adjacent to the Lido Cafe casual eatery and the al fresco Lido Bar. Peter Knego The forward portion of Deck 5 is an open-air observation platform. Narrow terraces also front Decks 6 and 7. Peter Knego Although they do not fully encircle the ship, the Queen Victoria has finite open promenades on Deck 3 with traditional, cushioned deck chairs. Peter Knego In a tradition begun with the Queen Elizabeth 2 in 1969, dining on the Queen Victoria is assigned according to cabin categories. Occupants of the top-tier accommodation have access to the sumptuous Queen’s Grill Restaurant on port Deck 11. Peter Knego Fullscreen Occupants of the next highest-priced cabins are assigned dining at the Princess Grill on starboard Deck 11. As with most of the public rooms and dining venues on the Queen Victoria, the overall decorative theme is inspired by the Victorian era. Peter Knego In both grills, table settings include fine china, starched linens, silver-plate cutlery and Riedel stemware.

Deep maroon and gold-soft fittings and Tiffany-style panels are infused with natural light through a panorama of full-length windows. Peter Knego Both grills share the al fresco Grill Terrace. Peter Knego The elliptical Grill Lounge, with its ornately-domed ceiling, is located just forward of both grills. Peter Knego The Commodore Club is on forward Deck 10, providing views on either side and over the bow via full-length windows. It features a large bar and compass-patterned marquetry dance floor. Peter Knego Alcoves on each side of the Commodore Club contain plush wood-framed seating and paintings of past Cunard ships. Peter Knego Churchill’s Cigar Lounge is located on the starboard side of Deck 10, aft of the Commodore Club. Peter Knego Hemisphere’s is a circular lounge and nightclub on Deck 10 adjacent to the forward vestibule. A dance floor in the center of the room is topped with a large chandelier and skylight. Peter Knego The Zone teen center is on the starboard side of the midships Deck 10 vestibule. Peter Knego The Play Zone children’s playroom and nursery is directly across from the Zone teen center.

Peter Knego Deck 9 begins with an open terrace that is accessed via the Cunard Royal Spa Fitness Center. Peter Knego The Cunard Royal Spa Fitness Center has a variety of cardio and weight machines as well as free weights and a stretching area. Peter Knego There is a relaxation room on the port side of the Cunard Royal Spa. Peter Knego The Cunard Royal Spa has a thermal suite with mosaic-topped recliners and full length windows. Peter Knego An enclosed hydro pool is located in the aft portion of the Cunard Royal Spa, adjacent to the Pavilion Pool. Peter Knego There are a number of private treatment rooms in the Cunard Royal Spa offering a menu of massage and spa therapies. Peter Knego A full-service beauty salon adjoins the Cunard Royal Spa. Peter Knego The conservatory-style Winter Garden has a retractable glass ceiling and is located just aft of the Pavilion Pool on Deck 9. Peter Knego The aft/port portion of the Winter Garden contains a bar. Peter Knego The casual, 450-seat Lido Restaurant eatery follows the Winter Garden on Deck 9.

Peter Knego The 830-seat Royal Court Theater is located on forward Decks 1, 2 and 3. The Queen Victoria’s West End-inspired main showroom is decorated in rich red velvets with gold accents. Peter Knego Special box seats on either side of the Royal Court Theater can be “hired” for a modest fee. Peter Knego Inspired by the Royal and Burlington Arcades in London, the upper level of the Royal Arcade shopping center is aft of the Royal Court Theater on Deck 3. Peter Knego Lined with sundry and souvenir shops, the Royal Arcade passageway continues aft on Deck 3. Peter Knego The Queens Room is a double-deck ballroom on midships Decks 2 and 3. Among its decorative highlights are two oversized crystal chandeliers and curvaceous cast-iron balustrades. Peter Knego Cunardia is the collection of Cunard artifacts that are displayed throughout the ship. The name has also been given to an art gallery on Deck 3 that features classic images of Cunard ships and their illustrious passengers.

Peter Knego Two full-time librarians oversee 6,000 volumes of books and DVDs in the posh Library, which is situated on Decks 2 and 3 adjacent to the Grand Lobby. The mahogany-toned upper level is topped by Tiffany-style skylights. Peter Knego A spiral staircase links the two levels of the Library. On the bottom level, there are more books and DVDs as well as a cozy seating area with a view of the sea. Peter Knego The Midships Lounge and Bar overlooks the Deck 3 terrace of the Grand Lobby. Peter Knego The Grand Lobby spans three decks in the heart of the ship. Its oversized chandelier, bronze centerpiece depicting the Queen Victoria and soaring staircases make it one of the most dramatic spaces on the ship. Peter Knego Old black and white photos, mahogany and walnut-toned paneling and Odeon-style furnishings give the Card Room a liner-like ambiance. Peter Knego A photo gallery on Deck 3 leads to the upper level of the Britannia Restaurant. Peter Knego The Britannia Restaurant is the main dining venue on the Queen Victoria. Located on aft Decks 2 and 3, it seats 900 guests.

Peter Knego The two levels of the Royal Arcade are linked by a “Y”-shaped stairtower that envelops a fixture inspired by the Queen’s Arcade Clock in London. Peter Knego In the rafters of the Royal Arcade, lanterns descend from Tiffany-style skylights. Peter Knego The Golden Lion Pub is on the starboard side of the Deck 2 level of the Grand Arcade. Among its offerings are ale, fish and chips, and bangers and mash. Peter Knego The Empire Casino occupies the port side of the Deck 2 level of the Grand Arcade. Peter Knego The lavish Queens Room is home to formal balls, an elegant high tea and dancing atop 1,000 square feet of ornate marquetry. Peter Knego In the recesses of the Queens Room, there is an original pastel portrait of HM Queen Victoria by Giancarlo Impiglio. Peter Knego Etchings by HM Queen Victoria and Prince Albert are displayed in the lower level of the Queens Room. Peter Knego The Cunardia passageway on Deck 2 features a kiosk of interesting Cunard Line artifacts.

Peter Knego Models, menus, books and other ephemera celebrate Cunard Line’s illustrious cruising and transatlantic heritage. Peter Knego The Champagne Bar overlooks the starboard side of the Grand Lobby. Peter Knego Fullscreen Carinthia is a name from Cunard Line’s heyday when all the ships in its fleet, aside from the first Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, were named for Roman provinces with an “ia” suffix. The Cafe Carinthia serves coffees and pastries. Peter Knego The extra-tariff Todd English Restaurant is located on the port side of the Deck 2 level of the Grand Lobby. With a menu overseen by the Boston-based celebrity chef it is named for, Todd English seats 100 guests. Peter Knego Todd English-table settings feature custom chargers with a gold leaf pattern, starched linens and tall stemware. Peter Knego The Chart Room is an inviting bar with compass-patterned carpeting at the lower level entrance to the Britannia Restaurant. Peter Knego The lower level of the Britannia Restaurant occupies the aft portion of Deck 2.

Peter Knego ConneXions 1 is a computer-training workshop located on the Deck 1 level of the Grand Lobby. Peter Knego The Internet Center is also located on the Deck 1 level of the Grand Lobby. Peter Knego The Reception (shown here) and Shore Excursions offices are also on the Deck 1 level of the Grand Lobby. Peter Knego Some of the world’s most celebrated maritime artists were commissioned to paint past Cunard ships for the Queen Victoria’s stairtowers, lounges and passageways. This is a portrait of the 1936-built Queen Mary by G. Bauwens. Peter Knego Here is a life-like painting of the 1955-built Cunard cruise ship Franconia by Bermuda-based artist Captain Stephen Card. Peter Knego Fullscreen The Queen Victoria has a wide range of cabin grades, from deluxe 1,375-square-foot Grand Suites to cozy 156-square-foot Inside Standards. Princess Suites measure 367 square feet and feature queen or twin-bed configurations, separate sitting area, bathrooms with tub, walk-in closet and dining in the prestigious Princess Grill.

Peter Knego Balcony cabins measure 249 square feet and can be arranged with a queen or twin-bed configuration and separate sitting areas. Dining is assigned to the Britannia Restaurant. Peter Knego Bathrooms in Balcony Cabins have shower, toilet, sink and a shelf for toiletries. Peter Knego A handful of Balcony Cabins have jumbo-sized verandahs. Peter Knego Like this topic? You may also like these photo galleries: Replay Expedition 360 - Definition of a True Circumnavigation 'A true circumnavigation of the world must pass through two points antipodean to each other.' Norris McWhirter, founding editor of Guinness, 1971. '[A] true circumnavigation of the world ... where the track passed over 2 points antipodean to each other ... a circumnavigation where the vessel passes through two points on the earth's surface which are diametrically opposite each other ...' Sir Francis Chichester, Gipsy Moth Circles the World, 1967.

'[A] true circumnavigation of the Earth must: start and finish at the same point, traveling in one general direction, reach two antipodes, cross the equator, cross all longitudes, cover a minimum of 40,000km..' Explorers Web AdentureStats, 2007. THE FIRST CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE GLOBE passing through antipodal points was completed in 1522 by 18 members of Ferdinand Magellans expedition to find a route to the Spice Islands by sailing west. Magellan himself was killed en route on the island of Mactan in present day Philippines. Francis Drake, Thomas Cavendish and Simon de Cordes, to name but a few, soon followed in the same manner: under SAIL.

ANTIPODAL POINTS REACHED by EXPEDITION 360 >> > Antipode 1 (Atlantic Ocean) - 23.48.36N, 48.37.37W > Antipode 2 (Australia) - 23.47.00S, 131.22.00E GUIDELINES for HUMAN POWERED CIRCUMNAVIGATION >> An independent assessment by outdoor experts and geographers from Explorers Web Inc. has resulted in published rules on what constitutes a true circumnavigation of the world by human power. According to Adventurestats a true circumnavigation of the earth must: > Start and finish at the same point, traveling in one general direction > Reach two antipodes (Two diametrically opposite places on Earth).

From the above follows that a true circumnavigation must: > Cross the equator > Cover a minimum of 40,000km or 21,600NM (a great circle) These rules have been endorsed by the following organizations and individuals: EXPLANATION of TRUE CIRCUMNAVIGATION >> The word circumnavigate is based in geometry and means to travel around something, like a continent or the earth. The circumnavigation should by definition be around the entire object, or what is called a 'great circle'. The great circle distance on Earth is roughly 40,000 km; marking the minimum distance needed for the label 'circumnavigation of the earth'. Norris McWhirter (founder of Guinness World Records) and Sir Francis Chichester (first solo circumnavigation by sailboat) had the foresight early on to recognize that the cleanest and most efficient way to measure a circumnavigation by any means of propulsion was for the track to pass through at least one pair of antipodal points; two places on the surface of the globe that are diametrically opposite to each other.

To cross a pair of antipodal points means automatically crossing and traveling the minimum distance of the equator, and spending equal time in both southern and northern hemispheres. Any other attempt at quantifying a circumnavigation inevitably involves a complicated combination of criteria such as minimum distances achieved, minimum number of oceans/landmasses crossed, minimum meridians crossed etc, and as such is inherently open to persistent manipulation and dispute. For a more detailed explanation of Antipodes and Great Circles, click here .

HISTORIC PRECEDENT of TRUE CIRCUMNAVIGATIONS by SAIL >> > Magellan's ship Victoria (1522) - two pair of antipodes along the route > Sir Francis Drake's Golden Hind (1580) - four pair of antipodes along the route > Joshua Slocum's Spray (1898) - five pair of antipodes along the route > Sir Francis Chichester's Gypsy Moth IV (1967) - two pairs of antipodes along the route > Sir Robin Knox-Johnston's Suhaili (1969) - two pairs of antipodes along the route > Chay Blyth's British Steel (1971) - two pairs of antipodes along the route > Alain Colas' Manureva (1974) - two pair of antipodes along the route > Dame Naomi James' Express Crusader (1978) - two pairs of antipodes along the route > Philippe Monnet's Kriter Brute de Brute (1987) - two pairs of antipodes along the route > Olivier de Kersauson's Un Autre

 Regard (1989) - two pairs of antipodes along the route > Jesse Martin (one pair of antipodes along the route) > Over 100 finishers of the Whitbread (now Volvo) Round the World Races.

> The Jules Verne record holders and most if not all of the finishers of the Vendee Globe Challenges. > In May, 2008, Adrian Flanagan of the Alpha Global Expedition achieved the first single-handed "vertical" circumnavigation by sailboat, taking in a pair of antipodes en route. HISTORIC PRECEDENT of TRUE CIRCUMNAVIGATIONS by AIRPLANES >> > The earliest was by 2 US army Douglas DWC amphibians in 57 'hops' between 6 April and 28 Sept, 1924 beginning and ending at Seattle, Washington State. The 'Chicago' was piloted by Lt. Lowell Smith and Lt. Leslie Arnold, the 'New Orleans' by Lt. Eric Nelson and Lt. John Harding. Their flying time was 371 hrs, 11 minutes. SELF-PROPELLED CIRCUMNAVIGATIONS >> Erden Eruc of Around n Over reached no fewer than twelve pairs of antipodes en route, completing the first self-propelled circumnavigation of the world.

OTHER NOTABLE GLOBAL FEATS >> > Tim Harvey of Vancouver to Vancouver (2006): around the northern hemisphere by emission-free means [completed October 2006] > Sir Ranulph Fiennes with 'Transglobe' (1982): first polar circumnavigation by surface travel taking 10-years > Nick Sanders (2005): fastest around the world by motorbike (employing antipodal points) > World Cycle: fastest around the world by bicycle (employing antipodal points) RESOURCE LINKS >> > GUIDELINES on circumnavigation by human power by Explorers Web Inc. > Explanation by Explorers Web Inc.

on guidelines for true circumnavigation by human power > Adventure Stats : keeping track of adventure history 10 Surprising Facts About Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Globe - History Lists History Lists December 4, 2012 By Evan Andrews Share this: 10 Surprising Facts About Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Globe Author 10 Surprising Facts About Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Globe URL Google We all know Ferdinand Magellan as the leader of the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe, but that’s not the only fascinating aspect of the famed Portuguese explorer’s journey. Launched in 1519, Magellan’s odyssey lasted three long years, claimed the lives of hundreds of people and forever changed Europe’s understanding of world geography. Nearly five centuries after Magellan’s fleet first left Europe, explore 10 little-known facts about one of naval history’s most legendary—and deadly—voyages. Magellan’s expedition had a multinational crew. Although it was a Spanish expedition, Magellan’s fleet featured a culturally diverse crew. Spaniards and Portuguese made up the vast majority of the sailors, but the voyage also included mariners from Greece, Sicily, England, France, Germany and even North Africa.

Magellan’s voyage was sparked by a treaty between Spain and Portugal. Magellan originally launched his expedition as a means of finding a western route to the Moluccas, a small archipelago in Indonesia known for its stores of precious spices like cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg. The Spanish were desperate to discover this alternate path because of 1494’s Treaty of Tordesillas, a decree from Pope Alexander VI that had essentially divided the world in half between the Spanish and the Portuguese. This agreement placed the more practical eastern route to the Spice Islands under Portuguese control, forcing the Spanish to find a new passage by sailing west around South America. Magellan was considered a traitor to his home country of Portugal. While Ferdinand Magellan was originally from Portugal, King Charles I of Spain ultimately sponsored his voyage. This outraged the King Manuel I of Portugal, who sent operatives to disrupt Magellan’s preparations, ordered that his family properties be vandalized and may have made an attempt to assassinate him. Once the expedition sailed, Manuel I even ordered two groups of Portuguese caravels to pursue Magellan’s fleet in the hopes of capturing the navigator and returning him to his homeland in chains. Many of Magellan’s crew mutinied or deserted the expedition.

Magellan’s mostly Spanish crew resented the idea of being led by a Portuguese captain, and the expedition was forced to weather two mutinies before it had even reached the Pacific. The first of these failed revolts was easily unraveled, but the second proved more elaborate. Worried that Magellan’s obsession with finding passage to the Pacific was going to doom the expedition, in April 1520 three of his five ships turned against him. Magellan and his supporters ultimately thwarted the revolt, and he even marooned two men on an island when he found they were planning a third mutiny. The rebellions continued later that year when the vessel San Antonio deserted the fleet and prematurely returned to Spain. Magellan’s expedition claimed to have encountered giants in South America. While anchored near modern-day Argentina, Magellan’s men reported encountering 8-foot-tall men on the beaches of Patagonia. After befriending these “giants,” Magellan supposedly tricked them into boarding his ship and took one of the men captive. The giant was later baptized and named Paul, but died during the fleet’s long crossing of the Pacific Ocean.

Historians have surmised that Magellan’s giants were in actuality members of the Tehuelche, a naturally tall tribe of Indians native to southern Chile and Argentina. While Magellan’s men almost certainly exaggerated the height of the Tehuelche, the myth of Patagonian giants would persist for many years. Magellan gave the Pacific Ocean its name. After weathering horrific storms near southern South America and losing one of his ships to rough seas, Magellan finally entered what is now known as the Strait of Magellan in November 1520. Crossing into a calm and gentle ocean, he named it “Mar Pacifico,” which means “peaceful sea” in Portuguese. Magellan believed that he would quickly reach the Spice Islands, but his beleaguered fleet would sail the Pacific Ocean for 98 days before reaching any habitable land. Magellan was a staunch Christian evangelist—and this may have cost him his life. Although it was never an official part of his mission, Magellan took great pains to convert all the indigenous peoples he encountered to Christianity. The most notable example came in April 1521 in the Philippines, where he baptized King Humabon of Cebu along with thousands of his subjects.

Magellan’s religious fervor was so strong that he threatened to kill those chieftains that resisted converting to Christianity, and this harsh decree ultimately proved to be his downfall. When a king named Lapu-Lapu refused to convert, Magellan’s men burned his village on the island of Mactan. Magellan later returned to Mactan with 49 men and demanded that Lapu-Lapu yield to his authority. The king refused, and in the ensuing battle Magellan was killed after he was struck by a spear and then repeatedly stabbed by the islanders’ cutlasses and scimitars. In the Philippines, where Magellan is remembered as a tyrant rather than a hero, the Battle of Mactan is reenacted every April 27, with a well-known Filipino actor playing the role of Lapu-Lapu. Magellan’s slave may have been the first person to truly circumnavigate the globe. One of the most important members of Magellan’s voyage was his personal slave Enrique, who had been with the captain since an earlier voyage to Malacca in 1511.

A native of the East Indies, Enrique reportedly spoke a Malay dialect and acted as the expedition’s interpreter during their time in the Philippines. As many historians have noted, if Enrique was originally from that part of the world, then by the time the expedition reached the Philippines he would have already circled the earth and returned to his homeland. If true, this would mean the slave Enrique—rather than any of the European mariners—was the first person to circumnavigate the globe. Magellan only deserves partial credit for the circumnavigation. Magellan is often cited as the first explorer to have circumnavigated the globe, but this is not technically true. While he organized the voyage and negotiated the treacherous South American strait and the crossing of the Pacific, Magellan was killed before the mission ever reached the Spice Islands. Credit for the successful circumnavigation of the globe should also go to the Basque mariner Juan Sebastian Elcano, who commanded the return voyage of Victoria—the only surviving vessel—from late 1521 until its arrival in Spain in September 1522. The next circumnavigation of the globe took place nearly 60 years after the return of Magellan’s expedition.

When the lone vessel Victoria returned to Spain in September 1522, only 18 men remained out of the expedition’s original crew of about 260. Circumnavigating the globe ultimately proved to be such a herculean feat—and the Magellan expedition’s success so improbable—that it was 58 years before it was repeated. Led by the English navigator Sir Francis Drake, this second circumnavigation of the globe first sailed in 1577 and largely followed the same route as Magellan. Like Magellan’s armada, Drake’s fleet was also ravaged by the long journey, and only his flagship Golden Hind remained when he returned to England in 1580. Tags

Question: What was the name of the first ship to circumnavigate the world?
Answer: 'VICTORIA'