Northern Ireland - Wikitravel Northern Ireland English, Irish, Ulster Scots(No official language) Religion Time Zone UTC, UTC+1(DST) Northern Ireland is located on the island of Ireland and is administratively part of the United Kingdom . Northern Ireland has stunning landscapes and scenery. Despite its former reputation as being violent and dangerous the political situation has stabilised quite a bit. Although a few extremist paramilitary organizations are still active, the six counties are much safer to visit than they formerly were. Regions Edit Northern Ireland was created in 1921 when the British government split Ireland into two autonomous territories. It comprises six of the nine counties of Ulster (one of the four ancient Irish provinces), with the remaining three (Monaghan, Cavan and Donegal) staying in what is now the modern day Republic of Ireland . For this reason Ulster is a popular colloquial alternative name for Northern Ireland, even if it is not in the strictest sense historically accurate. Regions of Northern Ireland A rural county, home to the Sperrin Mountains. Place names and national identity Edit Owing to the political situation in the region, the actual nomenclature used for the region itself, and certain towns and cities is something of a sensitive issue.

As a general rule, those who sympathise with the Unionist/Loyalist cause (i.e. those who wish Northern Ireland to remain part of the United Kingdom), tend to steer away away from calling the country "Ireland", or describing themselves as "Irish" - preferring the terms "Ulster" or "Northern Ireland", or "Northern Irish" or "British", to differentiate themselves from the Republic, which is commonly referred to simply as "The South". For the Republican/Nationalist side (i.e those who wish Northern Ireland to secede from the United Kingdom and reunite with the Republic to form a single independent Ireland), the opposite is true - in formal conversation they will refer to the country as the "North of Ireland" or simply "Ireland", since the ancient province of Ulster actually includes three counties (Monaghan, Donegal and Cavan) which are still part of the Republic of Ireland.

The best example of this ambiguity however, is the city of Londonderry, which is still recognised by its pre-Union name of Derry among the Republican/Nationalist community - the most visible evidence of this being the road signs that point to the city from the Republic which still say "Derry", contrasting with those that say "Londonderry" in Northern Ireland. Some road maps tried to resolve this by referring it as "Londonderry/Derry", which gave rise to the nickname "Stroke City" among locals. ("Stroke" is one word for what, in American English, is usually called a "slash": / ) However a compromise was reached in the 1990s, whereby the city's local council was renamed "City of Derry Corporation", whilst it was still called "Londonderry" officially at national level. Cities Edit Northern Ireland is home to numerous cities and towns. Below is a list of nine of the most notable. Other urban areas are listed on their specific county article. Belfast ("mouth of the river bank") — the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland.

It is also the second largest city on the island of Ireland (after Dublin, the capital of the Republic of Ireland), and the fifteenth largest in the United Kingdom. Shattered by more than three decades of paramilitary conflict, Belfast has undergone a renaissance in recent years and is now a vibrant, modern city. It has been voted the fourth best city in the UK for a city break in the Guardian/Observer travel awards. Derry, or Londonderry ("the Maiden City") —On the banks of the Foyle River is the second city of Northern Ireland and fourth city of Ireland is well worth a visit for its famous stone city walls (which date from the 16th century and are the only complete city walls in Ireland). Armagh — ecclesiastical capital of Ireland; containing the headquarters of both the (Anglican) Church of Ireland and the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland. Bangor — a beautiful coastal resort in North Down, home to the island's largest marina and good shopping.

Coleraine — situated on the River Bann in County Derry, 5 km from the sea and with an impressive history dating back to Ireland’s earliest known settlers, Coleraine today is a major gateway to the popular Causeway Coast area. Coleraine is an excellent shopping town and also has a major performance theatre located at the University of Ulster in the town. Enniskillen — picturesque main town of County Fermanagh, perfect for exploring the lakes around Lough Erne. Lisburn — became a city as part of the Queen's Jubilee celebrations in 2002. Newry — became a city as part of the Queen's Jubilee celebrations in 2002. Omagh — the Ulster American Folk Park is located here. This is an outdoor museum which tells the story of emigration from Ulster to America in the 18th and 19th centuries. Get in Edit Immigration and visa requirements Edit Northern Ireland is a constituent part of the United Kingdom, meaning it has exactly the same entry requirements as England, Scotland and Wales. Citizens of the UK and Crown Dependencies can travel to Northern Ireland without a passport and have the automatic right to reside and work.

Once you are admitted into the UK from any other port-of-entry in England, Scotland and Wales, you can freely enter Northern Ireland within your time limit without going through passport control again. Citizens of the European Union do not require a visa, and have permanent residency and working rights in the UK. Citizens of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland also have permanent residency rights, but may require a work permit in some circumstances. Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, the United States and Uruguay do not require a visa for visits of less than 6 months. Most other countries will require a visa, which can be obtained from the nearest British Embassy, High Commission or Consulate. While there is no passport control on the land border between Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, visitors must still carry the required documents that permit them entry to the UK (passport, visa, identity card or documentation, depending on nationality). Most airlines insist on identification when flying, such as a driving licence or passport. The UK also operates a Working Holidaymaker Scheme for citizens of the Commonwealth of Nations, and British dependent territories.

This allows residency in the UK for up to 2 years, with limited working rights. For more information of UK Immigration and visa requirements, see the UK's Home Office website [1] . Get around Edit By sightseeing tour from Dublin Edit Several Dublin based tour operators such as Kennedy & Carr Travel [13] offer 1, 3 and 5 day tours from Dublin city to Northern Ireland, mostly including the main areas of interest along the way such as Belfast City, the Glens of Antrim (and spectacular Antrim coast in general), the (Unesco) Giant’s Causeway, the “Carrick-a-Rede” Rope Bridge and “Stroke City” (Derry / Londonderry). Typically tours depart once or twice a week, year round. Budget, mid-range and deluxe options exist, with tickets generally costing between EUR 180 at the budget end to EUR 360 at the higher end for three days. For many travellers such tours can provide the independence they want with the structure and local insight that makes for a relaxing tour (especially as the majority of overseas visitors to Northern Ireland enter the island of Ireland through Dublin Airport). Such operators also offer private hire services upon request.

Talk Edit English is spoken everywhere, although the distinctive Ulster accent can be more difficult to understand than other Irish dialects. Ulster Scots and Irish are used in some small communities. Do be aware though that the Northern Irish tend to speak quite rapidly compared to most English speakers, and have a huge arsenal of local words that are frequently dropped into conversation by speakers of all ages and groups. Expect to become acquainted with words such as 'aye' (yes), 'wee' (little), 'hallion' (person who behaves in a deliberately careless manner), 'we'un (literally 'wee one', meaning child), 'dander' (casual walk) and 'crack' (spelled in Irish Gaelic as "craic", meaning a good time/fun/a laugh, with no connotations of any controlled substances whatsoever). See Edit Giant's Causeway - World Heritage Site and National Nature Reserve. The Giants Causeway is essentially an area of coastline and cliffs with very unusual and distinctive volcanic stone formations.

The name comes from the local Legend of Fionn McCool, as it was said that the rocks were once part of a bridge (or causeway) which ended in similar rocks directly across the sea, in Scotland, but the connecting rocks were torn down by Benandonner when Fionn's wife tricked him into believing that Fionn was huge. It is an interesting site to see but come prepared for a long and intense walk. (Best to wear waterproof clothing and strong sneakers). Giant's Causeway is split up into six sections in walking order : 1. The Camel 2. The Granny 3. The Wishing Chair 4. The Chimney Tops 5. The Giant's Boot and 6. The Organ. All six parts of Giant's Causeway are different in shape and form and truly are a sight to be seen. Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge - The name literally means the rock in the road.

Carrick-A-Rede View of Carrick-A-Rede from above, November 2010 is a rope bridge connecting the mainland to a sort of island that salmon fishers first put up years ago for the really good salmon fishing, it became a tourist attraction because it was a rope bridge in a really windy area, and on some days it could be quite dangerous. It's really safe now, and staff monitor it, so before it gets really windy(/fun) they close it, for safety... You can run across the bridge if you wish, but it's recommended that you wait until no one else is on it, you aren't allowed to shake the bridge, but people have been known to (this author could name a few!) After crossing the bridge, there are beautiful greens and it is a spot for great pictures. The bridge closes soon before sun-down, so no matter how romantic it might seem to watch the sun set on a beautiful island, it gets closed too soon! On a good day, the coast of Scotland is clearly visible, so there's advantages to going during premium light hours.

Additionally, the bridge is only open in the summer months, they take it down each winter, and before it's put up (in March(?)) they check it for safety. Marble Arch Caves (Fermanagh)- One of the largest geoparks and cave networks in Europe, these caves are one of the unmissable atrractions of Northern Ireland. Offering a guided tour of the caves and an underground boat trip, the experience is breathtaking and unforgettable. Ulster American Folk Park - Northern Ireland Visitor Attraction in County Tyrone open air museum explaining story of emigration from Ulster to North America in 18th and 19th centuries. There is an Old World and New World in site. Sites include the Weaver's Cottage, A Blacksmith's forge, Crop Fields, log cabins, smoke houses, and herb gardens. Museum restaurant available, open daily for snacks and full meals. Eat Edit A popular dish is the assortment of fried food, called the "Ulster Fry". It consists of eggs, bacon, sausages, potato bread and soda bread. Some versions include tomatoes, mushrooms or baked beans. Fry's are generally prepared as the name suggests: everything is fried in a pan.

Traditionally lard was used, but recently due to health concerns, it has been replaced with oils such as canola and olive. Historically, it was popular with the working class. Another popular dish is 'bangers and mash'. It is sausages and 'champ'(see below)The name comes from the fact that during World War II rationing sausages had a lot of water in them and so they exploded when they were fried. Some shops on the north coast close to Ballycastle, sell a local delicacy called dulse. This is a certain type of seaweed, usually collected, washed and Sun-dried from the middle of Summer through to the middle of Autumn. Additionally, in August, the lamas fair is held in Ballycastle, and a traditional sweet, called "yellow man" is sold in huge quantities. As you can tell from the name, it's yellow in colour, it's also very sweet, and can get quite sticky. If you can, try to sample some yellow man, just make sure you have use of a toothbrush shortly after eating it... it'll rot your teeth!

The cuisine in Northern Ireland is similar to that in the United Kingdom as a whole, with dishes such as Fish and Chips a popular fast food choice. Local dishes such as various types of stew and potato-based foods are also very popular. 'Champ' is a local speciality consisting of creamed potatoes with spring onions ('scallions') mixed in. It should be noted that, with the advent of the peace process and (until recently) the improvements in economic conditions for many people in Northern Ireland, there has been a great increase in the number of very good restaurants, especially in the larger towns such as Belfast and Derry. Indeed it would be difficult for a visitor to either of those cities not to find a fine-dining establishment to suit their tastes (and wallet). There is a strong emphasis on local produce. Locally produced meats, cheeses and drinks can be found in any supermarket. For the real Northern Irish experience, sample Tayto brand cheese and onion flavoured crisps - these are nothing short of being a local icon and are available everywhere. Drink Edit The legal drinking age in Northern Ireland is 18.

Unlike in the rest of the UK, people at and above the age of 16 will NOT be served beer and wine with meals as long as there is a consenting adult present. In general, restaurateurs are strict about this rule, while the operators of small local pubs and bars tend to be more relaxed. Depending on their licence, bars and nightclubs stop serving alcohol at either 11PM or 1AM (midnight on Sundays, including Bank Holiday weekends), although the premises may remain open with a "dry" bar after this time. Some bars have (illegal, but widely overlooked) "lock-ins" where the doors are locked at closing time, but people can stay and drink for longer. This only takes place at the discretion of the bar owner, and such events operate on an invitation-only basis. Bushmills whiskey is made in the town of the same name on the north coast, and distillery tours are interesting and enjoyable. Belfast produces its own range of ales. Hillden Breweries is a local producer of ales and stouts based near Lisburn, County Down. It's products can be found in most supermarkets and some pubs and bars.

Whitewater Brewery is a craft brewery near Belfast producing ales and lagers. Look out for Belfast Ale and Clotworthy Dobbin porter. Stay safe Edit Northern Ireland has changed greatly in the years since the peace agreement was signed in 1998, though its troubles have not entirely ceased. There remains a high incidence of terrorist incidents in Northern Ireland, with the UK Home Office defining the current threat level as 'severe' terrorism threat levels . Tourists, however, are not the target of such terrorist incidents and therefore are highly unlikely to be affected. Visitors should be aware that there is a significant risk of disruption caused by incidents of civil unrest during the contentious 'marching season' which takes place each year over the summer months. The US State Department advises visitors to Northern Ireland to remain 'alert' during their visit and to keep themselves abreast of political developments [15] . This being said, it should be remembered that most visits to Northern Ireland are trouble free and visitors are unlikely to frequent the areas that are usually affected by violence. Northern Ireland has a significantly lower crime rate than the rest of the United Kingdom, with tourists being less likely to encounter criminality in Belfast than any other UK capital.

In fact, Northern Ireland has one of the lowest crime rates among industrialized countries. According to statistics from the U.N. International Crime Victimisation Survey (ICVS 2004), Northern Ireland has one of the lowest crime rates in Europe (lower than the United States and the rest of the United Kingdom), and even during the Troubles, the murder rate was still lower than in most large American cities (though this does not take into account the vastly lower population figures). In fact, the results of the latest ICVS show that Japan is the only industrialized place safer than Northern Ireland. Almost all visitors experience a trouble-free stay. The Police Service of Northern Ireland [16] (formerly the Royal Ulster Constabulary or RUC) is the police force in Northern Ireland. Unlike the Garda Síochána in the Republic, the PSNI are routinely armed with handguns and/or long arms. The police still use heavily-armoured Land Rover vehicles; do not be concerned by this, as it doesn't mean that trouble is about to break out. There is a visible police presence in Belfast and Derry , and the police are approachable and helpful.

Almost all police stations in Northern Ireland are reinforced with fencing or high, blast-proof walls. It is important to remember that there is still a necessity for this type of protection and that it is a visible reminder of the province's past. As with most places, avoid being alone at night in urban areas. In addition, avoid wearing clothes that could identify you (correctly or not) as being from one community or the other (for example Celtic or Rangers football kits). Do not express a political viewpoint (pro-Nationalist or pro-Unionist) unless you are absolutely sure you are in company that will not become hostile towards you for doing so. Even then, you should be sure that you know what you're talking about. It would even be better if you acted that either you don't know about the conflict or don't care. Avoid political gatherings where possible. Many pubs have a largely cultural and political atmosphere (such as on the Falls Road, the mostly Nationalist main road in West Belfast, and the Newtownards Roads in predominantly Unionist East Belfast), but expressing an opinion among good company, especially if you share the same view, will usually not lead to any negative consequences.

People are generally more lenient on tourists if they happen to say something controversial, and most will not expect you to know much about the situation. Traffic through many towns and cities in Northern Ireland tends to become difficult at times for at least a few days surrounding the 12th July due to the Orange Parades and some shops may close for the day or for a few hours. The parades have been known to get a bit rowdy in certain areas but have vastly improved in recent years. Additionally, the last Saturday in August is known as "Black Saturday" which is the end of the marching season. Trouble can break out without warning, though locals or Police officers will be more than happy to advise visitors on where to avoid. The Twelfth Festival in Belfast is currently being re-branded as a tourist friendly family experience and efforts are being made to enforce no-alcohol rules aimed at reducing trouble. Pickpockets and violent crime are rare so you can generally walk around the main streets of Belfast or any other city or town without fear during the day. When taking tours to nature spots, do be careful as well especially in the Carrick-a-Rede where the cliffs are very deep and come without fences to protect people from falling.

Be careful too at the Giant's Causeway as the rocks may be slippery at times. Contact Edit If you are dialling from one landline telephone in Northern Ireland to another, you do not need to add any area code. If dialling from the rest of the UK use the code (028). If dialling from elsewhere you can dial a Northern Ireland number by using the UK country code 44, followed by the Northern Ireland area code 28. If dialling from the Republic of Ireland , you can use the code (048), or you can dial internationally using the UK country code. International phone cards are widely available in large towns and cities within Northern Ireland, and phone boxes accept payment in GBP£ and Euro. Buying a cheap pay as you go phone is also an option which can be purchased from any of the five main phone networks, O2-UK, Orange, Vodafone, T-Mobile and Three. O2 will have the best nationwide coverage and is the most popular network choice for many people. It's worth noting that any phone that is bought in Northern Ireland uses the United Kingdoms cell network and therefore when entering the Republic of Ireland you will be subjected to the usual EU roaming charges.

It's quite common for phones in Northern Ireland to switch over to Irish networks when near border areas such as in the North West near Donegal etc. This is also true the other way around, as you can travel some distance into the Republic of Ireland while still maintaining a UK phone signal. The networks available in the Republic of Ireland are O2-IE, Meteor,Three and Vodafone IE so ensure not to get confused between the UK and Irish versions of O2,Three and Vodafone (the names of the networks that operate in both countries clearly display in your handset what country they are based at). To avoid roaming charges at the border, set the network selection to manual and select your home network. Free WiFi is available at various hotels and restaurants across the country. WiFi may also be available in various locations from unsecured networks from local businesses or pubs/clubs etc. Internet cafes are less common in Northern Ireland but there are computers for use at the libraries which you may use after registering with the library service. Broadband speeds in Northern Ireland vary from fast to non existent. In towns and cities expect the Internet to be quite speedy but the further you get out from the towns the slower the Internet may become.

Respect Edit The province's troubled past has created a uniquely complex situation within Northern Ireland's society. Integration (or even interaction) between the two main religious groups varies hugely depending on where you are (for example, in affluent South Belfast or Bangor, those from Catholic and Protestant backgrounds live side by side, as they have for generations, whereas in West Belfast, the two communities are separated by a wall). If you are not British or Irish, the main thing to avoid is pontificating about the situation or taking one particular side over the other. Local people do not appreciate it and you will surely offend someone. Comments from outsiders will likely be seen as arrogant and ill-informed. This applies particularly to Americans (or others) who claim Irish ancestry and may therefore feel they have more of a right to comment on the situation (the majority of people in Northern Ireland would beg to differ). A good rule of thumb is simply to keep your opinions to yourself and avoid conversations that might be overheard. Generally speaking, people from Northern Ireland are welcoming, friendly and well-humoured people, and they will often be curious to get to know you and ask you why you're visiting. However that does not mean that, on occasion, there are no taboos.

Avoid bringing up issues like the IRA, UVF, UDA, INLA etc., or political parties, as it will not be appreciated. Other than that, there are no real dangers to causing tension among the Northern Irish people. As with virtually all cultures, don't do anything you wouldn't do at home. Unlike in parts of Europe, there is no social taboo associated with appearing drunk in bars or public places. Though it is advisable to avoid political conversations in general, this is particularly true when alcohol is involved. People from all backgrounds congregate in Belfast city centre to enjoy its nightlife; avoiding political discussions is an unwritten rule. Also, Northern Irish people have a habit of gently refusing gifts or gestures you may offer them, do not be offended, because they really mean that they like the gesture, also you are expected to do the same, so as not to appear slightly greedy, it is a confusing system but is not likely to get you in trouble. Tours of Belfast often include a visit to the Peace Lines, the steel barriers that separate housing estates along sectarian lines. These are particularly visible in West Belfast. It is common for private or taxi tours to stop here and some tourists take the opportunity to write messages on the wall.

It is important to remember that there is a real reason why these barriers have not been removed, and that they provide security for those living on either side of them. Messages questioning the need for these security measures, or those encouraging the residents to 'embrace peace' etc, are not appreciated by members of the community who live with the barriers on a day-to-day basis and such behaviour is generally regarded as arrogant and patronising. The terms which refer to the two communities in Northern Ireland have changed. During the Troubles, the terms 'Republican' and 'Loyalist' were commonplace. These are seen as slightly 'extreme', probably due to the fact that they were terms used by the paramilitaries. It is more common to use the terms 'Nationalist' and 'Unionist' today; these terms are more politically neutral. 'Loyalist' and 'Republican' still refer to particular political viewpoints. Using 'Catholic' and 'Protestant' is also generally acceptable, though disliked among some who are secular. While Nationalists will generally consider themselves Irish and Unionists will consider themselves British (or alternatively, 'Ulstermen'), this is a matter self-definition and not terminology used for distinguishing communities.

It's generally advisable not to wear a football shirt of any Northern Irish club team, or of either Glasgow Old Firm side, as many have sectarian connotations. Rugby, by contrast, is much more cross-community; support for both the all-island Irish national team and the Ulster provincial team is widespread among both communities, and wearing either's shirt will not be a problem. Map of Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Map World Map / Northern Ireland Map Map of Northern Ireland Disclaimer Close Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited,its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is one among the four countries that constitutes the United Kingdom. Located to the northeast side of Ireland, it turned out to be a distinct legal entity on 3 May 1921. In 1949, the government of Northern Ireland and UK made a proposal to change the name of Northern Ireland; however, even after much consideration its original name was retained.

Historically, Northern Ireland witnessed antagonism and prejudice between the protestants, on the one hand, who were the descendants of Great Britain colonies and wanted to remain associated with the UK and the Catholics, on the other hand, who wanted a sovereign Ireland, free from British rule. During the late 1960s, dissension grew so much that it eventually led to violence of three decades called as The Troubles. It caused more than 50,000 casualties and lives of more than 3,000 people. The 1998 agreement of Good Friday was a major step towards establishing peace. Nonetheless, religious schisms and sectarianism continued to remain serious social issues. Neighboring Countries and Major cities The country shares a border to the west and the south with the Republic of Ireland. Besides, it is also home to some of the major countries like Belfast, Londonderry, Lisburn, Bangor, Newtownabbey, Castlereagh, and Craigavon. Geographical Feature The country was shielded by an ice sheet for ages; and even today one can witness the same legacy in the counties of Armagh, Fermanagh, Antrim, and especially Down.

Rathlin is the largest island of this country and lies at the north Antrim Coast. The biggest fresh water lake, Lough Neagh, is the central feature of Northern Ireland's topography, which is both on the Britain Isles and the island of Ireland. Rivers Northern Ireland is home to various rivers including River Bann (the longest river of Northern Island), River Lagan, River Blackwater, and River Foyle. More Northern Ireland Maps UK Outline Map Mountain Peaks It is true that Northern Ireland is not a mountainous region; the country is certainly home to a couple of small mountain ranges as well as stand-alone peaks. The major mountains in Northern Ireland are as follows:- Slieve Donard - 2,789 feet (The highest peak of Northern Ireland and a part of the Mourne Mountains) The Sperrin Mountains - 2,224 feet (The highest peak is Sawel Mountain) Slemish Mountain - 1,500 feet Sea ports Northern Ireland is categorized under the island nations and is largely dependent on the sea ways when it comes to trading products and services.

The country is home to five commercial ports:- Public Trust Port of Belfast Public Trust Port of Londonderry Public Trust Port of Warrenpoint Public Trust Port of Coleraine Port of Larne (privately owned) Other Physical Feature The landforms of this country are influenced by the Ice Age glaciers. The topography constitutes of low mountains and rounded hills, which are separated from each other by broad valleys. Points of Interest The country is not too famed for being a popular tourist destination. In spite of this, people visiting Northern Ireland will find a number of things to explore. The country carves a niche for its scenic beauty, lush valleys, and rocky coasts. Here’s a list of major attractions that one cannot afford to miss out on the trip to Northern Ireland: National Parks Downhill Beach Other Attractions On the tour to Northern Ireland, some of the other must visit attractions include: Armagh Planetarium, Navan Center and Fort, Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, Ulster American Folk Park, Old Layde Church, The Argory, Ballycopeland Windmill, Belfast Zoo, Binders Cove, and Castle Espie.

Transportation By air: The country is home to three commercial airports, namely, the George Best Belfast City Airport, Belfast International Airport, and City of Derry Airport. By train: Northern Ireland Railways maintains a well controlled rail network across the province. There are four domestic lines that deviate from Belfast to Bangor, Portadown, Larne, and Londonderry, respectively. By car: By road, Northern Ireland is linked with the Republic of Ireland. But then, one must make sure to pay the needed attention to various road signs while driving on the border regions. By boat: Ferries from Great Britain to Belfast or Larne cross the Irish Sea in this country. Some of the operators whom you can count on, include, Stena Line, Norfolk Line, and P&O. WBSR060614 Last Updated : June 09, 2014 Facts About Northern Ireland Rivers of Ireland | Look Around Ireland Rivers of Ireland Rivers of Ireland The rivers of Ireland are one of the most intriguing elements of the landscape. In proportion to the size of the island of Ireland, there exists a huge amount of rivers and river kilometres. The River Shannon is the longest in the British Isles.

Apart from the 10 longest rivers listed below, there are shorter but significant rivers of great importance to the towns and cities they pass through or where they enter the sea. Some of these would include the River Lagan, which exits through Belfast, the River Foyle, which forms a very wide expanse of water as it exits through Derry City. The Avonmore and Avonbeg Rivers form the famous Meeting of the Waters joining as the River Avoca and then enter the Irish Sea at the busy port of Arklow in County Wicklow . 10 Longest Rivers of Ireland River Shannon 386km The Avoca The River Avoca is somewhat unusual as it begins as two separate rivers, the Avonmore (in Irish, Abhainn Mhór, meaning “large river”) and the Avonbeg (Abhainn Bheag, meaning “small river”). These two rivers converge to form the Avoca. This happens at the “ Meeting of the Waters ”, a place of incredible scenic beauty.The river itself is located in the county of Wicklow and enters the sea at Arklow. It flows through the Irish village also named Avoca which is the setting for the BBC series “Ballykissangel”.

Despite its amazing natural beauty, major concerns have arisen in recent years concerning pollution of the river. The Bandon The Bandon is a river located in Co. Cork . It rises in the Shehy Mountains in the west of the county and flows eastward through Dunmanway, Balineen, Enniskeane, Bandon and Inishannon to Kinsale Harbour. The river is a good fishing area and has an estimated catch of 1300 salmon and a similar catch of sea-trout per year. The Bann The Bann is the longest river in Northern Ireland , stretching a total of 129 kilometres from the Mourne Mountains in County Down to the northern coast of Ireland, entering the Atlantic Ocean at Portstewart. The Bann is unusual as it flows into the very large Lough Neagh at Bannfoot, Co. Armagh before continuing its journey northward. The has led to the River Bann being divided into two rivers; the Upper Bann which lies to the south of Lough Neagh and the Lower Bann which lies to the north.

Numerous activities take place along the Bann, including cruises, canoeing, rowing, waterskiing, angling and several others. The Barrow The Barrow is one of the “Three Sisters” rivers which are comprised of the Nore, the Suir and the Barrow. All three rise in the same mountainous area of Tipperary and flow in a southerly direction. It is 192 kilometres in length (the second longest in Ireland) and enters the Atlantic Ocean at Waterford. It also links with the Grand Canal at Athy, which connects Dublin with the Shannon in the west. The Barrow also passes through the town of New Ross in Co. Wexford where the replica famine ship “ The Dunbrody ” can be seen. The Boyne The River Boyne, one of the more well-known Irish rivers, has its source near Edenderry, Co. Offaly . It is approximately 112 kilometres in length and enters the Irish Sea at Drogheda. The River Boyne is a highly popular fishing area, particularly for trout and salmon fishing, and also boasts many beautiful scenic views along its course.

However, the Boyne is most renowned for its prominence in Irish history and folklore. The Battle of the Boyne took place in 1690 near Drogheda along the banks of the river and would be considered one of the most famous battles in Irish history. Steeped in Celtic mythology, the River Boyne is also believed to be the location of “ The Salmon of Knowledge ”, an ancient Irish legend. The Corrib The River Corrib is located in Co. Galway and is one of Ireland’s shortest rivers, a mere 6 kilometres in length. Despite this, it is quite well-known as it flows through the heart of Galway City after travelling the short distance from Lough Corrib where it rises. The Corrib is also one of the most powerful rivers in Ireland and excellent for whitewater kayaking, although a certain amount of experience is recommended given the level of difficulty. Rowing is also popular in this river, and river cruises take place regularly aboard the “Corrib Princess”. The Erne The River Erne is located in the north-west of Ireland, rising in Beaghy Lough in County Cavan and flowing in a general north-westerly direction.

It is approximately 120 kilometres in length and winds its way through a number of loughs including Upper and Lower Lough Erne. The river derives its name from ancient Celtic mythology, from the name of a princess named Éirne . The Erne is also remembered in a famous Irish ballad, “Buaichaill Ó n Éirne”. Boating, water-sports and swimming also take place on the River Erne, in addition to trout fishing. The Foyle One of the more noted rivers in Ireland is the River Foyle which flows through Derry City. It is a confluence of the rivers Finn and Mourne at the towns of Lifford in County Donegal and Strabane in County Tyrone . From here it flows to the City of Derry where it discharges into Lough Foyle and ultimately the Atlantic Ocean. The River Foyle is also the fastest flowing river in Europe for its size. The river is home to a number of sporting clubs and a small mooring facility is available for small yachts in Derry City. The main sports on the river are canoeing, sailing, and rowing. Swimming is prohibited because of the dangerous currents.

The Lagan The River Lagan rises on the slopes of the Slieve Croom Mountain in Co. Down and flows for 60 kilometres in a general north-easterly direction to Belfast City , where it enters the Irish Sea. The River Lagan is sometimes referred to as the birthplace of the Titanic, which was built in the Harland and Wolffe shipyard in Belfast and launched at ther mouth of the Lagan before making its way to Southampton for its doomed maiden voyage. Fish stocks in this river declined drastically at one stage but in the last few years have begun to recover somewhat. Rowing is also popular on this river. The Lee Stretching a total of 90 kilometres, the River Lee flows eastward across Co. Cork , rising in the Shehy Mountains in the west of the county and flowing through Cork City before entering the Celtic Sea near Cobh. The Lee is synonymous with Cork sport, with the Cork Gaelic Football and Hurling teams commonly referred to as “The Leesiders”. Numerous water-sports also take place on the River Lee including rowing, kayaking and swimming.

Most notably, the “Vibes & Scribes” Lee Swim, a 2000 metre swim for charity, takes place on an annual basis and attracts thousands of spectators. The river also provides an 8 kilometre stretch of salmon fishing. The Liffey The Liffey rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows for 125 kilometres through counties Wicklow , Kildare and Dublin before entering the Irish Sea at Dublin Bay. Because it is the main river associated with Dublin City , the capital of Ireland, it is quite well known. Historically, the river Liffey was a highly important trade river, even as far back as Viking times, and in the present age is still an important river for trade. The Grand Canal and Royal Canal connect the Liffey with the Shannon, further enhancing the Liffey as a trade route. The river is used by a number of rowing clubs and the “Liffey Descent” is an annual 27 kilometre canoeing event. The Mourne The River Mourne is a tributary of the River Foyle and is located in Co. Tyrone , Northern Ireland.

It rises near Newtownstewart and flows in a north-westerly direction before merging with the Foyle at Strabane. It is reputed as one of the best salmon fishing area in Northern Ireland . There is also an excellent run of sea trout from the end of June onwards. The river is home to a number of angling clubs, including the Sion Mills Angling Club which manages the fishing rights of a significant part of the River Mourne. The Moy Rising in the Ox Mountains in County Sligo , the River Moy flows 110 kilometres through Sligo and Mayo before entering the Atlantic Ocean at Killala Bay. Along its course it enters the historic town of Ballina. The Moy Valley is very popular with tourists due to the numerous historic ruins, churches, abbeys, which can be seen in this area of the countryside. The River Moy was once one of the best salmon fisheries in Europe, however due to drift net fishing off the coast salmon numbers have declined dramatically. This eventually resulted in drift netting for salmon being banned in 2006.

The Munster Blackwater The Munster Blackwater (so called to differentiate it from the Leinster Blackwater) is one of Ireland’s largest rivers and in the Irish language is known as “An Abhainn Mh ór” which translates as “the great river”. It has also been referred to as “the Irish Rhine”. The river is approximately 170 kilometres long, rising in the Mullaghareirk Mountains in Kerry , flowing east through Co. Cork before turning sharply south at Cappoquin, Co. Waterford and entering the sea at Youghal Harbour. The Munster Blackwater is best known as an excellent area for salmon fishing, although in recent years salmon stocks have sharply declined. The Nore The second of the Three Sisters, the Nore, rises on the slopes of the Devil’s Bit mountain in Co. Tipperary and flows in a south-easterly direction for 140 kilometres before joining the Barrow just north of New Ross in Co. Wexford . The Nore also flows through the Mount Juliet estate, one of Ireland’s top golf courses. Salmon and brown trout are plentiful and fishing rights on the Nore are held by Kilkenny Fishing Club.

Historically, many water-reliant industries were based on the Nore, such as breweries and distillaries. The Shannon Measuring 386 kilometres in length, the River Shannon is the longest river on the island of Ireland. Flowing in a southerly direction, the Shannon rises in the Shannon Pot in Co. Cavan on the slopes of the Cuilcagh mountain, passes through or between 10 different counties and enters the Atlantic Ocean at the Shannon Estuary near Limerick City . The river Shannon is significant from Irish historical, economical and social perspectives. As far back as the 10th century, Vikings used the Shannon in order to attack and raid Irish monasteries further inland. In the following centuries the Shannon played an important roles in many of the battles and wars which took place in Ireland as it effectively divides the western part of the island from the east. The Shannon boasts much beautiful scenery along its course, and a wide variety of activities take place including cruises, watersports, etc. The Slaney According to Irish mythology, the River Slaney derived its name from an Irish chieftain named Slainghe who resided in the area.

The Slaney is located in the south-east of the country, rising on Lugnaquilla Mountain in Wicklow and flowing southwards, mainly through Co. Wexford . It is 117 kilometres in length and is noted in particular for the abundance of wildlife along its course. Deer are common in the northern part of its course, in addition to otters, herons, etc. Because of the abundance of wildlife, bird-watching is a popular past-time for many people in the area. The Suir The River Suir (184 kilometres in length) is the third of the Three Sisters and flows south from the Devil’s Bit mountain before turning sharply east at the Comeragh Mountains (forming the border between Co. Waterford and Co. Kilkenny ) and entering the Atlantic Ocean at Wexford Harbour. The River Suir has a rich history; stone settlements near the mouth of the river indicate that human settlement of this area dates back as far as 4000 B.C. It also formed the western border of the ancient Irish Kingdom of Osraí (the Barrow formed the eastern border). In recent years, Viking settlements have been discovered on the banks of the river.

Many activities now take place on the Suir, with fishing and boating being two of the more popular ones. The Tolka The River Tolka flows from near Dunshaughlin in Co. Meath into the Northside of Dublin City and from there into Dublin Bay. This river is particularly noted for its flooding. This caused much damage to residential areas in the past which has resulted in the building of extra defences in recent years. The Tolka is very popular for fly fishing, with large supplies of trout and salmon. Fishing on the river is controlled by the Tolka Trout Anglers club and riparian owners. The River Tolka is also connected to the Royal Canal.

Question: Which river forms part of the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland?
Answer: River Foyle