CanadaInfo: Provinces and Territories: New Brunswick The Honourable Brian Gallant (Liberal Party) Click on the picture for free downloads including this image. Of the total population, 64% gave their mother tongue as English and 32.7% French in the census of 1991. Another 4470 cited European, 1655 cited aboriginal and 1220, Asian languages. Provincial language legislation is intended to provide equality between the two official languages. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual (English and French) province in Canada. The province's major rivers and its many smaller streams radiate outward from the interior highlands. The most important stream, the St. John River, rises in Maine and flows southeast to the Bay of Fundy. The extremely high tides of the Bay of Fundy flow upstream, causing the famous phenomenon known as the reversing falls of Saint John. Other major rivers include the Restigouche, which has headwaters in the Chaleur Uplands and empties into Chaleur Bay, and the Miramichi, which cuts across the Maritime Plain to its outlet on the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Many small lakes and a few larger ones occur in the glaciated upland regions. The largest natural lake is Grand Lake, which is only 2 metres above sea level, even though it is more than 70 kilometres from the open sea. Several reservoirs have been formed behind dams on the St. John River. Reversing Falls, Saint John The Bay of Fundy, which separates the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, has some of the highest tides in the world, rising up to 18 metres in places. When the tidal waters reach the lower Saint John River in Saint John, New Brunswick, and flow upstream, they create the famous Reversing Falls of Saint John. The rapids, center, generated by this phenomenon appear twice every 24 hours. Another oddity is Magnetic Hill where one's car parked in neutral will appear to be coasting uphill.

New Brunswick Claims to Fame Highest, wildest tides in the world Warmest saltwater beaches north of Virginia More kinds of whales more often that anywhere else Michias Seal Island (in the Bay of Fundy) is home to 900 pairs of breeding Atlantic puffins Kings County is the Covered bridge capital of Canada One of the world's largest whirlpools, the Old Sow, is seen off of Deer Island -More than 900 kilometres of cross-country ski trails 6000 kilometres of unbelievable snowmobile trails Annual snowfalls from 200 to 400 centimetres One of the longest snowmobiling seasons south of the Arctic including early spring Best snow conditions in Atlantic Canada Bright light in the Atlantic salmon world 50 smallmouth a day in prime time Appalachian Range, north America's oldest mountains Home to Donald Sutherland, actor See also Fredericton Contact Us Fredericton Fredericton is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, which flows west to east as it bisects the city; it is the dominant natural feature of the area.

One of the main urban centres in New Brunswick, the city had a population of 56,224 in the 2011 census. It is the third-largest city in the province after Saint John and Moncton. An important cultural, artistic, and educational centre for the province, Fredericton is home to two universities, the New Brunswick College of Craft and Design, and cultural institutions such as the Beaverbrook Art Gallery, the Fredericton Region Museum, and The Playhouse, a performing arts venue. The city hosts the annual Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival, attracting regional and international jazz, blues, rock, and world artists. As a provincial capital, its economy is inextricably tied to the fortunes of the public sector; however, the city also contains a growing IT and commercial sector. The city has the highest percentage of residents with a post-secondary education in the province and one of the highest per capita incomes.[citation needed] Fredericton has been evaluated favourably in recent years for its competitive quality of life and potential for business development.

In 2013, Foreign Direct Investment magazine reviewed Fredericton's economic potential and quality of life, and named it first amongst North America's Top 10 Micro Cities, improving from its second-place rank in 2011. Amongst 200 Canadian communities, Fredericton placed seventh in MoneySense magazine's Best Places to Live in 2012. Fredericton Fredericton, NB Map & Directions - MapQuest {{::location.tagLine.value.text}} Sponsored Topics Sitting astride the Saint John River, Fredericton is the long-time capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It is the third-largest city in the province and one of the most important cultural, artistic and educational centres in the region. Wide boulevards, tree-lined streets and riverbank walking paths make the capital city feel more like a small town. The area around Fredericton was first settled as a French colony, with French Fort Nashwaak being built in the late 1700s and, later, Point-Sainte-Anne, the first permanent town sited in the area. What is now modern Fredericton was settled after the American Revolution by English loyalists leaving the American colonies.

The city was re-named Frederick’s Town, after the son of King George III. In April 1785, it became the capital of the new colony of New Brunswick, and the name was shortened to Fredericton. Visions of the past can still be seen all around the area. No place is this more evident than the Historic Garrison District, the top cultural attraction in Fredericton. The area was formally part of the British Garrison, and troops were stationed here from 1784 until 1869, when the military camp was closed. Today it is a refurbished and re-purposed scenic space downtown, filled with a variety of activities and attractions for all ages. Visitors to Fredericton can see historical re-enactments of life in the city’s early years and experience the Changing of the Guard ceremonies. During the summer months there is also free outdoor entertainment such as concerts, theatre productions and classic movies shown on the lawn. Downtown and its historic district also house some of the most fascinating attractions in Fredericton. The Beaverbrook Art Gallery holds unique artworks by British and Canadian artists. The gallery’s most famous display piece is Santiago el Grande, painted by Salvador Dali.

The Fredericton Region Museum (formerly the York-Sunbury Museum) inhabits what was once the garrison’s officer’s quarters. The museum presents galleries and artefacts that tell the domestic and military history of Fredericton and the surrounding areas. Science East is New Brunswick’s only existing science centre. Children of all ages can play, learn and explore through over 150 hands-on science-related exhibits and activities. Do not miss out on the chance to catch the Harvest Jazz and Blues Festival that is hosted in Fredericton every fall. This week-long festival draws musicians and crowds from all over North America as it showcases local and touring talent. After a day of sightseeing, visitors to Fredericton can enjoy a stroll along the river walk or enjoy a night out in one of the many hot spots around town. The Fredericton Playhouse schedules live performances by musicians, comedians, and theatre groups. There are also many different restaurants, pubs and cafés to choose from that offer relaxing and interesting places to unwind. Picaroons Brewing Company, the Lunar Rogue Pub and Dolan’s Pub are all popular taverns in which to enjoy a meal and a drink.

Fredericton, the Capital of New Brunswick, Canada Updated: 12/28/2014 About the City of Fredericton, New Brunswick Fredericton is the capital city of the province of New Brunswick , Canada. With a downtown of only 16 blocks, this picturesque capital city provides the benefits of a larger city while still being affordable. Fredericton is strategically located on the Saint John River and is within a day's drive of Halifax , Toronto and New York City . Fredericton is a centre for information technology, engineering and environment industries, and is home to two universities and a variety of training colleges and institutes. Location of Fredericton, New Brunswick Fredericton is located on the banks of the Saint John River in central New Brunswick. Area of City of Fredericton 131.67 sq. km (50.84 sq.

miles) (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Population of City of Fredericton 56,224 (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Date Fredericton Incorporated as a City 1848 Date Fredericton Became the Capital City of New Brunswick 1785 Government of City of Fredericton, New Brunswick Fredericton municipal elections are held every four years on the second Monday in May. Date of the last Fredericton municipal election: Monday, May 14, 2012 Date of the next Fredericton municipal election: Monday, May 9, 2016 Fredericton's city council is made up of 13 elected representatives: one mayor and 12 city councillors. Fredericton | New Brunswick, Canada | Britannica.com New Brunswick, Canada Toronto Fredericton, city, capital (since 1785) of New Brunswick , Canada , lying on the St. John River 84 miles (135 km) from its mouth, in the south-central part of the province.

Occupying the site of the French Fort Nashwaak (1692) and the Acadian settlement of St. Anne’s Point (1731), it was laid out by loyalists (Tories) in 1785 and named for Frederick, son of King George III . After 1825 it became a British garrison town, and its reconstructed military compound has been designated a federal historic site. Now primarily an administrative and educational centre, the city is the seat of the University of New Brunswick (1785; Canada’s first university) and St. Thomas University (1910). The city hall in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Chris Campbell Sir Howard Douglas Hall, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Blazingluke The city’s Anglican Christ Church Cathedral (1845–53) is a replica of the Gothic St. Mary’s in Snettisham, Norfolk, England.

A set of bird paintings by John James Audubon and a 1783 copy of England’s Domesday Book are in the Georgian-style Provincial Legislative Building (1880), and the nearby Beaverbrook Art Gallery has notable 18th–20th-century collections, including paintings by Winston Churchill . At King’s Landing, 18 miles (29 km) west, is a full-scale reconstruction of a loyalist settlement. Also in or near Fredericton are the Royal Canadian Mounted Police regional headquarters, the Canadian Army’s Camp Gagetown, and an agricultural research station. The city is the shopping and distributive centre for central New Brunswick; its manufactures include lumber products, mobile homes, and computer software. Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.

Vascobattuta Fredericton has a noted literary tradition: the Reverend Jonathan Odell (satirist of the American Revolution) lived there, and the novelist Julia Catherine Hart (1796–1867) and the poets Sir Charles Roberts (1860–1945), Bliss Carman (1861–1929), and Francis Sherman (1871–1926) were born in or near there. The Playhouse (home of Theatre New Brunswick) presents drama and musicals year-round. Inc. 1848. Pop. (2006) 50,535; (2011) 56,224. Learn More in these related articles: in New Brunswick (province, Canada) New Brunswick | history - geography - province, Canada | Britannica.com New Brunswick "Spem reduxit (Hope was restored)" Provincial flower Time zone Atlantic (GMT − 4 hours) New Brunswick, Canadian province located on the eastern seaboard of the North American continent. It is Canada ’s only officially bilingual province, French and English having equal status.

It was one of the four original provinces making up the national confederation in 1867. Together with Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island , it forms the regional grouping known as the Maritime Provinces . New Brunswick has a roughly rectangular shape, about 210 miles (340 km) from north to south and 185 miles (300 km) from east to west. It is bounded to the north by the province of Quebec , to the east by the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Northumberland Strait, and to the south by the Bay of Fundy . The latter two bodies of water are separated by the narrow neck of the Chignecto Isthmus , which joins New Brunswick to Nova Scotia, to the southeast. To the west lies the U.S. state of Maine . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Lighthouse at Cape Enrage on the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Can. © Paul A. Souders/Corbis Chartered by King George III , the province was named for the royal house of Brunswick , and its capital, Fredericton , was named for King George III’s son Frederick.

While New Brunswick has contributed significantly to the national life of Canada, it is one of the smaller provinces and has always occupied a lesser role in the national economy. Its beautiful forests, rivers, lakes, and seashore—attractions for tourists, hunters, and sport fishermen—have remained relatively unspoiled. Area 28,150 square miles (72,908 square km). Pop. (2011) 751,171. Land Relief, drainage, and soils The land rises abruptly and in some places spectacularly out of the Bay of Fundy in the south and undulates northward in a series of rolling hills and rocky outcroppings. Plains and flatlands are limited to sea-level marshlands in the southeast, river-valley floodplains, and low-lying lands adjacent to the beaches of the east coast. There are no true mountains, although ranges of rugged and sometimes steep hills run east-west a few miles north of the Fundy coast and in the north-central part of the province, where the highest elevation is Mount Carleton at 2,680 feet (817 metres). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

People Population composition The English-speaking majority consists largely of the descendants of Scottish, Irish, and English settlers of the 18th and 19th centuries, along with those descended from loyalists who fled the American Revolution . It is concentrated in the southern and western parts of the province. The French-speaking minority, which has grown to about one-third of the population, consists of the descendants of 17th-century Acadian settlers augmented by French Canadians from Quebec, and it is concentrated in the northern and eastern counties. Descendants of the province’s first inhabitants, the Indians (First Nations), remain in small numbers on federally administered reserves (reservations) along the east coast or in the St. John valley, or they have integrated into neighbouring communities . There are several thousand blacks, largely descendants of loyalist slaves, in the province as well. In the 20th century, small contingents of eastern European, Dutch, German, Italian, and Asian immigrants added a multicultural dimension, mostly in the larger urban areas. Roman Catholics outnumber Protestants, who are mostly of the Baptist, United Church of Canada , Anglican, Pentecostal, and Presbyterian denominations.

Settlement patterns Settlement began on the coastline and rivers, where early settlers followed fishing and agricultural pursuits. Small towns tended to spring up along the river systems, which supported sawmills and general stores. Saint John, an all-season ocean port situated at the mouth of the St. John River, has been the largest city from earliest times. Moncton, in the southeast, emerged in the late 19th century as a railroad and distribution centre. Fredericton , the capital and an administrative, educational, and commercial city, is near the geographic centre of the province. Miramichi, located on the river of the same name, is an industrial city that produces paper and other forest products. Bathurst , Campbellton, and Edmundston, small bilingual cities in the north with French-speaking majorities, all developed on the basis of the pulp and paper industry. In the 1950s the Canadian armed forces established Base Gagetown, covering several thousand acres between Fredericton and Saint John, and they built the modern town of Oromocto for army personnel. Demographic trends Population growth was relatively slight in the early 21st century.

Many young adults, drawn by the employment opportunities and higher salaries of central Canadian cities and western oil fields, continued to migrate out of New Brunswick. Within the province, cities became the employment centres, although the common practice of commuting from rural homes or from suburban areas prevented significant urban population growth. Economy New Brunswick has a resource-based economy dependent largely on forestry , mining, and fishing. Tourism, agriculture, small-scale manufacturing, and a growing service sector provide balance and diversity . Real economic growth tends to be at or above the regional average for the Atlantic Provinces region, reflecting expansion in oil refining, telecommunications, computer software development, and natural gas distribution. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Only about one-fifth of the landmass of the province is suitable for agriculture, and less than one-third of that is actually under cultivation. Floodplains, which represent only a tiny percentage of the provincial landmass, possess the richest soils. They are suitable for truck farming, which is concentrated near the southern cities, notably in the lower St. John River valley.

Small family farms remain the most numerous type among the province’s approximately 3,000 farms, but their numbers are dwindling, and thousands of acres of previously cultivated land are returning to forest. The largest farms specialize in the leading cash crops, dairy products and potatoes, the former concentrated in south-central and southeastern areas and the latter in the upper St. John valley. Both benefit from large-scale food-processing plants in their respective areas. Poultry, cattle, hogs, eggs, maple products, and blueberries represent other significant commodities. Provincial policy focuses on soil conservation and new product development. About four-fifths of the provincial landmass is forested, and the forest industry is the province’s largest. Pulp and paper production represents the industry’s largest single component; several cities and towns, mostly in the north, depend on large pulp and paper mills as their major employers. Sawmills are widespread as well, and other forest products include lumber, plywood, chipboard, fuel, and Christmas trees. The forests also provide a wide range of jobs in related fields. About half of the forested land is in the public domain, although large corporate users are responsible for reforestation and management of assigned districts.

Wood supply and fluctuating foreign markets emerged as major challenges in the early 21st century. The fishing and fish-processing industry continues to be important in the provincial economy. It employs numerous workers in the main fishing areas, including the Bay of Fundy, the Northumberland Strait, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lobster, crab, scallops, herring, cod, mackerel, and a variety of other North Atlantic species make up the bulk of the catch. The industry is a volatile one, subject to seasonal and longer-term shifts in fish stocks, foreign competition, weather conditions, and credit availability; it has thus become highly dependent on government regulation and support. The development of aquaculture has supplemented the fisheries with hatcheries that produce salmon, trout, mussels, and oysters. Resources and power The discovery in New Brunswick of rich deposits of zinc and potash in the second half of the 20th century elevated the importance of mining in the provincial economy. The northeast, especially around Bathurst, produces zinc, copper, lead, silver, and peat moss. A lead-smelting operation is at Belledune, a port near Bathurst, and potash and natural gas are found near Sussex.

Nationally, the province ranks high in the production of antimony, bismuth, potash, peat, zinc, silver, and lead. Coal, gypsum, and sulfur also are significant. The provincially owned electric power utility vigorously expanded power generation in the 20th century. Hydroelectric developments along the St. John River system were supplemented by coal- and oil-fired steam-generating units and by the construction of a nuclear power station at Point Lepreau, southwest of Saint John. A power grid links the New Brunswick utility with all the neighbouring provinces and the United States and permits the export of excess capacity. A natural gas pipeline, carrying offshore gas to New England , also crosses the province. Manufacturing The bulk of manufacturing industries in New Brunswick produce food products, paper, and wood products. Firms also manufacture metal goods, mineral products, and machinery. A number of small computer software companies operate in several of the province’s cities as well. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries both the value of manufactured goods and production volume grew significantly. Canada’s largest oil refinery, located at Saint John, experienced unprecedented growth in response to increasing demand throughout North America .

Services, labour, and taxation By the early 21st century the service sector employed more than three times as many people as did manufacturers. Tourism is a leading service industry, as the province’s natural and cultural attractions, including many picturesque drives, draw many visitors. The province’s advanced telephone system and bilingual workforce have attracted a telemarketing industry with call centres in several towns and cities. In addition, the federal government, through the work of its National Research Council, has encouraged the development of the information technology industry in New Brunswick. Scenic drive along the coast of New Brunswick, Can. New Brunswick Department of Tourism and Parks Employment levels in the province are subject to seasonal variation, and unemployment rates in the early 21st century were slightly higher than the rates in Canada as a whole. Nevertheless, rates of employment showed improvement over past decades. Trends in the previous century had kept unemployment rates fairly high: a lack of diversification in the resource-based economy, high transportation costs, and a decline in manufacturing had reduced opportunities and contributed to significant out-migration. The province derives the overwhelming majority of its revenue from various taxes.

These include corporate and personal income taxes, capital taxes, a value-added sales tax, a real property tax, gasoline and fuel taxes, and a tobacco tax. The provincial budget also depends on federal equalization grants and other federal transfer payments. Such programs support the provision of economic infrastructure , such as in transportation and research, and have contributed substantially to the development of up-to-date amenities and services comparable to those found elsewhere in Canada. Transportation and telecommunications At Saint John , a modern ocean port and the province’s largest industrial centre, oil refining, shipbuilding , and papermaking are major employers. The city’s port facilities are able to handle container ships, and they play an important role in exporting Canadian goods, especially in winter months when traffic on the St. Lawrence Seaway is curtailed. Moncton and Saint John remain major transportation and communication centres despite the reduced importance of railroads, and Moncton has emerged as an important regional distribution centre. Regional and national airlines provide regular service to all the larger cities, and a bus service links most urban centres. Heavily traveled highways link New Brunswick and the other Maritime Provinces with central Canada and the United States.

The 8-mile (13-km) Confederation Bridge connects New Brunswick to Prince Edward Island. Confederation Bridge over the Northumberland Strait, connecting New Brunswick to Prince Edward … Jan Butchofsky-Houser/Corbis New Brunswick possesses a technically advanced telecommunications infrastructure. Cable and satellite television services, wireless telephone service, and Internet access are all widely available. In addition, all public schools have access to the Internet. Government and society Constitutional framework The provincial government follows the constitutional forms of a Canadian province within the framework of the Canadian constitution. A lieutenant-governor, appointed by the governor-general of Canada on the advice of the Canadian prime minister, represents the queen and is the titular head of government. A premier and a cabinet exercise real power. The premier is the leader of the political party with the most elected members in the province’s one-chamber legislature. Three national political parties are active. But although the New Democratic Party established a small foothold in the late 20th century, the Liberals and Progressive Conservatives continued their dominance into the 21st century. Legislative Assembly Building, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.

Courtesy Diane Mercier-Allain, Visitor Services, Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick Health and welfare The province has a network of modern hospitals, the largest of which are regional hospitals with specialized facilities and equipment. Hospital and medical care are both publicly funded and are supported by a provincial sales tax. Social services are administered by the provincial government, and the same standards apply provincewide. A provincial housing authority plans and develops projects for low-income families and for the elderly. Health, education, and social welfare programs all receive partial federal financial support. Education Public education is free and includes kindergarten and 12 grades of elementary and high school. The system, unique in Canada, is administered by separate English and French sections of the provincial Department of Education and by elected school boards in a number of school districts, some French and some English. Teachers negotiate their salaries with the province, which raises and distributes funds to school districts on the basis of equality so that all areas of the province enjoy similar standards. All universities receive public funding but also rely on student tuitions and private contributions. The University of New Brunswick (established 1785), one of Canada’s oldest higher educational institutions, operates from its main campus in Fredericton, which it shares with the Roman Catholic St.

Thomas University; a second campus is in Saint John. The University of Moncton serves the French-speaking population from its campuses in Moncton, Edmundston, and Shippagan (Shippegan). Mount Allison University, once a private denominational college but now both publicly and privately funded, is in Sackville. There are also several trade and technical schools. Cultural life Culture is shaped by the predominance of the two largest linguistic groups, English and French. Ethnicity remains a strong determinant of cultural activity in some areas, as in the annual Irish festival held at Miramichi, the blessing of the Acadian fishing fleet at Caraquet , and Loyalist Days in Saint John. Summer festivals and fall fairs retain the flavour of the past and the traditions of the province’s early settlers. Popular tastes in music include Irish, Scottish, and Acadian folk idioms and their North American country music derivatives. The arts The fine arts are distinguished by some outstanding work in painting, choral singing, and creative literature.

Saint John artists of the 1930s and ’40s, such as Miller Brittain and Jack Humphrey, produced striking social commentaries in their depictions of depression and war, while painters at Mount Allison University led the way in the 1960s in the development of a widely recognized regional group of magic realists. Divergent trends of the 20th century are represented by the works of two Fredericton artists: Molly Lamb Bobak, who painted crowd scenes and floral watercolours, and her husband, Bruno Bobak, who painted vibrant landscapes. Acadian choirs from the province, particularly the Moncton area, have won both national and international attention. Regional and provincial music festivals encourage music performance among youth, and internationally known musicians perform at summer chamber music festivals in Lamèque and Fredericton. Fredericton also claims to be the poets’ corner of Canada: it is the home of the literary magazine The Fiddlehead, whose founder, the prolific poet Fred Cogswell, and others carried on a tradition first established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Bliss Carman and Sir Charles G.D.

Roberts , arguably the founders of Canada’s first school of poetry. Founded in 2000, the Northrop Frye bilingual literary festival in Moncton has attracted international participation. Antonine Maillet , an Acadian novelist and playwright from Bouctouche, achieved international recognition for her writing in French, which strikingly reveals the 17th-century idiom and structure of the language as spoken by today’s Acadians. Cultural institutions Several institutions provide leadership in the arts. Theatre New Brunswick and the University of Moncton promote drama. The Beaverbrook Art Gallery in Fredericton houses an excellent small collection of British, Canadian, and other paintings of the past three centuries. Notable works include The Fountain of Indolence by J.M.W. Turner , Santiago el Grande by Salvador Dalí , and a significant collection of paintings by Canadian artist Cornelius Krieghoff . Several towns have public and private galleries featuring mostly regional work. The New Brunswick Museum in Saint John, the oldest in Canada, contains archival treasures from the province’s past, while two historic reconstructions—King’s Landing Historical Settlement near Fredericton and Acadian Village near Caraquet—depict rural life of the past century.

Such historic sites as Fort Beauséjour National Historic Park near Sackville remind visitors of the Indian, French, and British roots of the province. A provincial agency fosters cultural activity and has been especially successful in developing and promoting fine crafts. Craft fairs featuring excellent work in wood, pottery, and other media are very popular in summer and fall. Scholars rely on university libraries, the archives of the New Brunswick Museum, the Provincial Archives in Fredericton, and the Centre for Acadian Studies at the University of Moncton. Municipal libraries are widespread. Sports and recreation Recreational activities fall into two groups, winter and summer. Skiing, hockey, and curling dominate in winter. Summer recreation focuses naturally on water: boating, swimming, and fishing flourish in a province that abounds with lakes, rivers, and accessible seashore, including miles of clean sandy beaches along the east coast. Several rivers are famous for their Atlantic salmon , while trout, bass, and pickerel also attract sport fishing. Whale watching near the western islands of the Bay of Fundy is popular as well. Other common outdoor pursuits include golf, tennis, and hunting; a regulated hunting season occurs in the fall of the year.

Two national parks— Fundy National Park on the rugged coast of the Bay of Fundy (featuring the world’s highest tides) and Kouchibouguac National Park on the Northumberland Strait—and several provincial parks provide camping, bird watching, and hiking. Well-maintained walking and bicycling trails have replaced rail beds in many parts of the province. Fundy National Park, New Brunswick, Can. New Brunswick Department of Tourism and Parks Media and publishing Several major daily newspapers circulate in the province. Among the leading English-language dailies are the Telegraph-Journal (Saint John), the Daily Gleaner (Fredericton), and the Times and Transcript (Moncton). The main French-language daily is L’Acadie Nouvelle (Caraquet). Television broadcasting derives mainly from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), CTV Television Network, Global Television Network, and Radio-Québec. Cable and satellite television also are available. French- and English-language radio stations broadcast throughout the province.

History The French were the first Europeans to lay claim to the province, part of a larger region that they called Acadia (French: Acadie), which was inhabited by Algonquian-speaking Indians (First Nations) of the Micmac , Malecite , and Passamaquoddy nations. The British took over Acadia in 1713, although the French claimed and defended the area that is now New Brunswick until they were defeated militarily in the 1750s. The British expelled or dispersed most of the French-speaking Acadian settlers in 1755 (many of whom eventually returned) and governed the area as Nova Scotia until 1784, when New Brunswick was established as a separate province with its present boundaries. Seal of New Brunswick, Can. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Coat of arms of New Brunswick, Can. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The first English-speaking settlers, from New England, moved into the St. John River valley and founded the town of Maugerville in 1762.

But it was the influx of some 14,000 loyalist refugees from the American Revolution , mostly from New York and its vicinity, that created the pressure for separate provincehood. The loyalist city of Saint John became Canada’s first incorporated city in 1785, and smaller settlements were established in the St. John and St. Croix valleys. After early problems of adjustment the loyalist communities of New Brunswick began to prosper. Underlying the improved economy was the British decision in 1808 to grant preferential tariffs to the timber resources of its North American colonies, a move made when Napoleon I ’s blockade cut off the Baltic supply of shipbuilding materials to the British. For New Brunswick, with its limited agricultural lands but widespread forests, this historical incident provided an opportunity that helped usher in the so-called age of wood, wind, and water, an era of prosperity based on timber exports and shipbuilding. The Reciprocity Treaty with the United States in 1854 and the demand created by the American Civil War further stimulated trade. Politically, the province moved slowly toward a more democratic system. Government in the first generation was dominated by a loyalist elite supported by British imperial authority.

Responsible home government (government in which the executive branch is drawn from, and answerable to, an elected legislative branch) was granted by Britain in 1848. Political parties, organized largely along ethnic and religious lines and prompted by the prohibition issue, emerged in the 1850s. With its economic success and political independence, New Brunswick entered confederation with Canada in 1867 somewhat reluctantly. Confederation, however, coincided with the collapse of the age of wooden ships, and New Brunswickers found themselves scrambling over the next 100 years to rebuild their economy on a new foundation. Railroads and national tariffs helped in the development of manufacturing, such as that of cotton textiles, but the province suffered from the pull of the urban growth areas of Quebec and Ontario . By the 20th century, New Brunswick required federally subsidized freight rates, and it argued, along with other Maritime Provinces, for federal financial assistance, which, after the mid-1900s, it obtained. Meanwhile, a modern party system emerged in which, until the 1970s, the old elements of ethnicity and religion continued to be significant.

Liberals and Progressive Conservatives alternated in government at fairly regular intervals. In the mid-20th century, both parties sought economic development based on new electrical power facilities. In the 1960s a Liberal equal opportunity program revolutionized the delivery of health, justice , education, and social services by abolishing counties as administrative units and by centralizing funding and administration at the provincial level. Unique in Canada, the system met strong early resistance, but it continued under the subsequent Conservative government and won acceptance, especially in less-prosperous rural and northern areas, as a means of equalizing services in all parts of the province. Since the late 1980s, both Liberal and Conservative governments have emphasized fiscal restraint, balanced budgets, the restructuring of public services, and a reduction in dependence on federal financial support. In the 1990s and early 21st century, governments continued to pursue economic self-sufficiency. New Brunswickers think of their province, with its two languages and cultures , as a microcosm of Canada. Moreover, the province’s small size tends to promote support for Canadian federalism among members of both linguistic groups.

Even at the beginning of the 21st century, the province retained qualities of its rural and small-town past. Map - Fredericton - MAP[N]ALL.COM Map - Fredericton World > North America > Canada > New Brunswick > Fredericton Fredericton Fredericton is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick, by virtue of the provincial parliament which sits there. An important cultural, artistic, and educational centre for the province, Fredericton is home to two universities, the New Brunswick College of Craft & Design, and cultural institutions such as the Beaverbrook Art Gallery, the York Sunbury Museum, and The Playhouse—a performing arts venue. The city hosts the annual Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival, attracting regional and international jazz, blues, rock, and world artists. Fredericton is also known for its indie rock scene and the record label Forward Music Group. As a provincial capital, its economy is inextricably tied to the fortunes of the public sector; however, the city also contains a growing IT and commercial sector. The city has the highest percentage of residents with a post-secondary education in the province and one of the highest per capita incomes.

In the 2011 census, the population of the city of Fredericton was 56,224 and the population of the census agglomeration (termed "Greater Fredericton") was 94,268. Fredericton is the third largest city in the province after Saint John and Moncton, making it the only provincial capital in the country to not be at least its province's second largest city. The first major expansion of the city occurred on July 1, 1945 when it amalgamated with the town of Devon. Today the city of Fredericton comprises Fredericton proper, and the boroughs of Silverwood, Nashwaaksis, Barker's Point and Marysville, which were incorporated into the city in 1973. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province and is one of the main urban centres in southern New Brunswick. The Saint John River flows in a west-east direction, bisecting the city and providing the dominant natural feature for the municipality.

Copyright Discover Canada Discover Canada The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship Canada’s Regions Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship - Canada's Regions Duration: 14 minutes, 23 seconds. Read by Geraint Wyn Davies . Download this chapter: MP3 You can also download all of Discover Canada as a single file. The audio may take a moment to load. In order to maximize the functionality of this page, please turn on Javascript . is now a tourist attraction and winter skateway [ See larger version ] Canada is the second largest country on earth—10 million square kilometres. Three oceans line Canada’s frontiers: the Pacific Ocean in the west, the Atlantic Ocean in the east, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. Along the southern edge of Canada lies the Canada-United States boundary. Both Canada and the U.S.A. are committed to a safe, secure and efficient frontier The Regions of Canada Canada includes many different geographical areas and five distinct regions. The Atlantic Provinces The Northern Territories The National Capital Ottawa, located on the Ottawa River, was chosen as the capital in 1857 by Queen Victoria, the great-great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth II. Today it is Canada’s fourth largest metropolitan area.

The National Capital Region, 4,700 square kilometres surrounding Ottawa, preserves and enhances the area’s built heritage and natural environment. Provinces and Territories Canada has ten provinces and three territories. Each province and territory has its own capital city. You should know the capital of your province or territory as well as that of Canada. Population Canada has a population of about 34 million people. While the majority live in cities, Canadians also live in small towns, rural areas and everywhere in between. Peggy’s Cove harbour, Nova Scotia Ottawa: The Capital of Canada The Atlantic provinces Atlantic Canada’s coasts and natural resources, including fishing, farming, forestry and mining, have made these provinces an important part of Canada’s history and development. The Atlantic Ocean brings cool winters and cool humid summers. Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador is the most easterly point in North America and has its own time zone. In addition to its natural beauty, the province has a unique heritage linked to the sea. The oldest colony of the British Empire and a strategic prize in Canada’s early history, the province has long been known for its fisheries, coastal fishing villages and distinct culture. Today off-shore oil and gas extraction contributes a substantial part of the economy.

Labrador also has immense hydro-electric resources. Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island ( P.E.I. ) is the smallest province, known for its beaches, red soil and agriculture, especially potatoes. P.E.I. is the birthplace of Confederation, connected to mainland Canada by one of the longest continuous multispan bridges in the world, the Confederation Bridge. Anne of Green Gables, set in P.E.I. by Lucy Maud Montgomery, is a much-loved story about the adventures of a little red-headed orphan girl. Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is the most populous Atlantic Province, with a rich history as the gateway to Canada. Known for the world’s highest tides in the Bay of Fundy , the province’s identity is linked to shipbuilding, fisheries and shipping. As Canada’s largest east coast port, deep-water and ice-free, the capital, Halifax, has played an important role in Atlantic trade and defence and is home to Canada’s largest naval base. Nova Scotia has a long history of coal mining, forestry and agriculture. Today there is also off-shore oil and gas exploration. The province’s Celtic and Gaelic traditions sustain a vibrant culture.

Nova Scotia is home to over 700 annual festivals, including the spectacular military tattoo in Halifax. New Brunswick Situated in the Appalachian Range, the province was founded by the United Empire Loyalists and has the second largest river system on North America’s Atlantic coastline, the St. John River system. Forestry, agriculture, fisheries, mining, food processing and tourism are the principal industries. Saint John is the largest city, port and manufacturing centre; Moncton is the principal Francophone Acadian centre; and Fredericton, the historic capital. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province, and about one-third of the population lives and works in French. The province’s pioneer Loyalist and French cultural heritage and history come alive in street festivals and traditional music. Central Canada More than half the people in Canada live in cities and towns near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River in southern Quebec and Ontario, known as Central Canada and the industrial and manufacturing heartland. Southern Ontario and Quebec have cold winters and warm humid summers. Together, Ontario and Quebec produce more than three-quarters of all Canadian manufactured goods. Quebec Nearly eight million people live in Quebec, the vast majority along or near the St. Lawrence River.

More than three-quarters speak French as their first language. The resources of the Canadian Shield have helped Quebec to develop important industries, including forestry, energy and mining. Quebec is Canada’s main producer of pulp and paper. The province’s huge supply of fresh water has made it Canada’s largest producer of hydro-electricity. Quebecers are leaders in cutting-edge industries such as pharmaceuticals and aeronautics. Quebec films, music, literary works and food have international stature, especially in La Francophonie, an association of French-speaking nations. Montreal, Canada’s second largest city and the second largest mainly French-speaking city in the world after Paris, is famous for its cultural diversity. Ontario At more than 12 million, the people of Ontario make up more than one-third of Canadians. The large and culturally diverse population, natural resources and strategic location contribute to a vital economy. Toronto is the largest city in Canada and the country’s main financial centre. Many people work in the service or manufacturing industries, which produce a large percentage of Canada’s exports. The Niagara region is known for its vineyards, wines and fruit crops. Ontario farmers raise dairy and beef cattle, poultry, and vegetable and grain crops.

Founded by United Empire Loyalists, Ontario also has the largest Frenchspeaking population outside of Quebec, with a proud history of preserving their language and culture. There are five Great Lakes located between Ontario and the United States: Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan (in the U.S.A. ) and Lake Superior, the largest freshwater lake in the world. The Prairie Provinces Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta are the Prairie Provinces, rich in energy resources and some of the most fertile farmland in the world. The region is mostly dry, with cold winters and hot summers. Manitoba Manitoba’s economy is based on agriculture, mining and hydro-electric power generation. The province’s most populous city is Winnipeg, whose Exchange District includes the most famous street intersection in Canada, Portage and Main. Winnipeg’s French Quarter, St. Boniface, has Western Canada’s largest Francophone community at 45,000. Manitoba is also an important centre of Ukrainian culture, with 14% reporting Ukrainian origins, and the largest Aboriginal population of any province, at over 15%.

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan, once known as the “breadbasket of the world” and the “wheat province,” has 40% of the arable land in Canada and is the country’s largest producer of grains and oilseeds. It also boasts the world’s richest deposits of uranium and potash, used in fertilizer, and produces oil and natural gas. Regina, the capital, is home to the training academy of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Saskatoon, the largest city, is the headquarters of the mining industry and an important educational, research and technology centre. Alberta Alberta is the most populous Prairie province. The province, and the world-famous Lake Louise in the Rocky Mountains, were both named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria. Alberta has five national parks, including Banff National Park, established in 1885. The rugged Badlands house some of the world’s richest deposits of prehistoric fossils and dinosaur finds. Alberta is the largest producer of oil and gas, and the oil sands in the north are being developed as a major energy source. Alberta is also renowned for agriculture, especially for the vast cattle ranches that make Canada one of the world’s major beef producers.

The West Coast British Columbia is known for its majestic mountains and as Canada’s Pacific gateway. The Port of Vancouver, Canada’s largest and busiest, handles billions of dollars in goods traded around the world. Warm airstreams from the Pacific Ocean give the B.C. coast a temperate climate. British Columbia British Columbia ( B.C. ), on the Pacific coast, is Canada’s western most province, with a population of four million. The Port of Vancouver is our gateway to the Asia-Pacific. About one-half of all the goods produced in B.C. are forestry products, including lumber, newsprint, and pulp and paper products—the most valuable forestry industry in Canada. B.C. is also known for mining, fishing, and the fruit orchards and wine industry of the Okanagan Valley. B.C. has the most extensive park system in Canada, with approximately 600 provincial parks. The province’s large Asian communities have made Chinese and Punjabi the most spoken languages in the cities after English. The capital, Victoria, is a tourist centre and headquarters of the navy’s Pacific fleet.

The Northern Territories The Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon contain one-third of Canada’s land mass but have a population of only 100,000. There are gold, lead, copper, diamond and zinc mines. Oil and gas deposits are being developed. The North is often referred to as the “Land of the Midnight Sun” because at the height of summer, daylight can last up to 24 hours. In winter, the sun disappears and darkness sets in for three months. The Northern territories have long cold winters and short cool summers. Much of the North is made up of tundra, the vast rocky Arctic plain. Because of the cold Arctic climate, there are no trees on the tundra and the soil is permanently frozen. Some continue to earn a living by hunting, fishing and trapping. Inuit art is sold throughout Canada and around the world. Yukon Thousands of miners came to the Yukon during the Gold Rush of the 1890s, as celebrated in the poetry of Robert W. Service. Mining remains a significant part of the economy.

The White Pass and Yukon Railway opened from Skagway in neighbouring Alaska to the territorial capital, Whitehorse in 1900 and provides a spectacular tourist excursion across precipitous passes and bridges. Yukon holds the record for the coldest temperature ever recorded in Canada (-63°C). Mount Logan, located in the Yukon, is the highest mountain in Canada. It is named in honour of Sir William Logan, a world-famous geologist, born in Montreal in 1798 to Scottish immigrant parents. Logan founded and directed the Geological Survey of Canada from 1842 to 1869 and is considered one of Canada’s greatest scientists [ See larger version ] Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories ( N.W.T. ) were originally made up in 1870 from Rupert’s Land and the North-Western Territory. The capital, Yellowknife (population 20,000), is called the “diamond capital of North America.” More than half the population is Aboriginal (Dene, Inuit and Métis).

The Mackenzie River, at 4,200 kilometres, is the second-longest river system in North America after the Mississippi and drains an area of 1.8 million square kilometres. Nunavut Nunavut, meaning “our land” in Inuktitut, was established in 1999 from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories, including all of the former District of Keewatin. The capital is Iqaluit, formerly Frobisher Bay, named after the English explorer Martin Frobisher, who penetrated the uncharted Arctic for Queen Elizabeth I in 1576. The 19-member Legislative Assembly chooses a premier and ministers by consensus. The population is about 85% Inuit, and Inuktitut is an official language and the first language in schools. (From left to right) An Inuit boy in Sanikiluaq, Nunavut, uses a pellet gun to hunt for birds The caribou (reindeer) is popular game for hunters and a symbol of Canada’s North

Question: Fredericton is the capital of which Canadian province?
Answer: NEW BRUNSWICK