Niels Bohr - Biographical Niels Bohr The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Niels Bohr Share this: Niels Bohr - Biographical Niels Henrik David Bohr was born in Copenhagen on October 7, 1885, as the son of Christian Bohr, Professor of Physiology at Copenhagen University, and his wife Ellen, née Adler. Niels, together with his younger brother Harald (the future Professor in Mathematics), grew up in an atmosphere most favourable to the development of his genius - his father was an eminent physiologist and was largely responsible for awakening his interest in physics while still at school, his mother came from a family distinguished in the field of education. After matriculation at the Gammelholm Grammar School in 1903, he entered Copenhagen University where he came under the guidance of Professor C. Christiansen, a profoundly original and highly endowed physicist, and took his Master's degree in Physics in 1909 and his Doctor's degree in 1911.

While still a student, the announcement by the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen of a prize to be awarded for the solution of a certain scientific problem, caused him to take up an experimental and theoretical investigation of the surface tension by means of oscillating fluid jets. This work, which he carried out in his father's laboratory and for which he received the prize offered (a gold medal), was published in the Transactions of the Royal Society, 1908. Bohr's subsequent studies, however, became more and more theoretical in character, his doctor's disputation being a purely theoretical piece of work on the explanation of the properties of the metals with the aid of the electron theory, which remains to this day a classic on the subject. It was in this work that Bohr was first confronted with the implications of Planck's quantum theory of radiation. In the autumn of 1911 he made a stay at Cambridge, where he profited by following the experimental work going on in the Cavendish Laboratory under Sir J.J. Thomson's guidance, at the same time as he pursued own theoretical studies.

In the spring of 1912 he was at work in Professor Rutherford's laboratory in Manchester, where just in those years such an intensive scientific life and activity prevailed as a consequence of that investigator's fundamental inquiries into the radioactive phenomena. Having there carried out a theoretical piece of work on the absorption of alpha rays which was published in the Philosophical Magazine, 1913, he passed on to a study of the structure of atoms on the basis of Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus. By introducing conceptions borrowed from the Quantum Theory as established by Planck, which had gradually come to occupy a prominent position in the science of theoretical physics, he succeeded in working out and presenting a picture of atomic structure that, with later improvements (mainly as a result of Heisenberg's ideas in 1925), still fitly serves as an elucidation of the physical and chemical properties of the elements. In 1913-1914 Bohr held a Lectureship in Physics at Copenhagen University and in 1914-1916 a similar appointment at the Victoria University in Manchester.

In 1916 he was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at Copenhagen University, and since 1920 (until his death in 1962) he was at the head of the Institute for Theoretical Physics, established for him at that university. Recognition of his work on the structure of atoms came with the award of the Nobel Prize for 1922. Bohr's activities in his Institute were since 1930 more and more directed to research on the constitution of the atomic nuclei, and of their transmutations and disintegrations. In 1936 he pointed out that in nuclear processes the smallness of the region in which interactions take place, as well as the strength of these interactions, justify the transition processes to be described more in a classical way than in the case of atoms (Cf. »Neutron capture and nuclear constitution«, Nature, 137 (1936) 344). A liquid drop would, according to this view, give a very good picture of the nucleus.

This so-called liquid droplet theory permitted the understanding of the mechanism of nuclear fission, when the splitting of uranium was discovered by Hahn and Strassmann, in 1939, and formed the basis of important theoretical studies in this field (among others, by Frisch and Meitner). Bohr also contributed to the clarification of the problems encountered in quantum physics, in particular by developing the concept of complementarity. Hereby he could show how deeply the changes in the field of physics have affected fundamental features of our scientific outlook and how the consequences of this change of attitude reach far beyond the scope of atomic physics and touch upon all domains of human knowledge. These views are discussed in a number of essays, written during the years 1933-1962. They are available in English, collected in two volumes with the title Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge and Essays 1958-1962 on Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge, edited by John Wiley and Sons, New York and London, in 1958 and 1963, respectively.

Among Professor Bohr's numerous writings (some 115 publications), three appearing as books in the English language may be mentioned here as embodying his principal thoughts: The Theory of Spectra and Atomic Constitution, University Press, Cambridge, 1922/2nd. ed., 1924; Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature, University Press, Cambridge, 1934/reprint 1961; The Unity of Knowledge, Doubleday & Co., New York, 1955. During the Nazi occupation of Denmark in World War II, Bohr escaped to Sweden and spent the last two years of the war in England and America, where he became associated with the Atomic Energy Project. In his later years, he devoted his work to the peaceful application of atomic physics and to political problems arising from the development of atomic weapons. In particular, he advocated a development towards full openness between nations. His views are especially set forth in his Open Letter to the United Nations, June 9, 1950. Until the end, Bohr's mind remained alert as ever; during the last few years of his life he had shown keen interest in the new developments of molecular biology.

The latest formulation of his thoughts on the problem of Life appeared in his final (unfinished) article, published after his death: "Licht und Leben-noch einmal", Naturwiss., 50 (1963) 72: (in English: "Light and Life revisited", ICSU Rev., 5 ( 1963) 194). Niels Bohr was President of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, of the Danish Cancer Committee, and Chairman of the Danish Atomic Energy Commission. He was a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (London), the Royal Institution, and Academies in Amsterdam, Berlin, Bologna, Boston, Göttingen, Helsingfors, Budapest, München, Oslo, Paris, Rome, Stockholm , Uppsala, Vienna, Washington, Harlem, Moscow, Trondhjem, Halle, Dublin, Liege, and Cracow.

He was Doctor, honoris causa, of the following universities, colleges, and institutes: (1923-1939) - Cambridge, Liverpool, Manchester, Oxford, Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Kiel, Providence, California, Oslo, Birmingham, London; (1945-1962) - Sorbonne (Paris), Princeton, Mc. Gill (Montreal), Glasgow, Aberdeen, Athens, Lund, New York, Basel, Aarhus, Macalester (St. Paul), Minnesota, Roosevelt (Chicago, Ill.), Zagreb, Technion (Haifa), Bombay, Calcutta, Warsaw, Brussels, Harvard, Cambridge (Mass.), and Rockefeller (New York). Professor Bohr was married, in 1912, to Margrethe Nørlund, who was for him an ideal companion. They had six sons, of whom they lost two; the other four have made distinguished careers in various professions - Hans Henrik (M.D.), Erik (chemical engineer), Aage (Ph.D., theoretical physicist, following his father as Director of the Institute for Theoretical Physics), Ernest (lawyer). Niels Bohr died in Copenhagen on November 18, 1962.

From Nobel Lectures , Physics 1922-1941, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965 This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel . It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures . To cite this document, always state the source as shown above. Niels Bohr - Facts Niels Bohr The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Niels Bohr Born: 7 October 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark Died: 18 November 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark Affiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Prize motivation: "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" Field: theoretical nuclear physics Prize share: 1/1 Work The discoveries of the electron and radioactivity at the end of the 19th century led to different models for the structure of the atom. In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom based on quantum theory that energy is transferred only in certain well defined quantities.

Electrons should move around the nucleus but only in prescribed orbits. When jumping from one orbit to another with lower energy, a light quantum is emitted. Bohr's theory could explain why atoms emitted light in fixed wavelengths. Share this: Niels Bohr Biography (Physicist) Best known as: Danish atomic physicist who won 1922's Nobel Prize Name at birth: Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Bohr was the Danish physicist whose investigations of atomic structure earned him the 1922 Nobel Prize for physics. Bohr's work helped solve the problems classical physics could not explain about the nuclear model of the atom. He postulated that electrons moved in fixed orbits around the atom's nucleus, and he explained how they emitted or absorbed energy. Bohr attended the University of Copenhagen (1903-11), then studied for a time under Ernest Rutherford in Manchester, England. By 1916 he was back at the University of Copenhagen as a professor of physics, and in 1920 he became the first director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics.

Bohr's Institute became a gathering place for the world's top physicists, and he is considered one of the foremost scientists of modern physics, along with Albert Einstein , Erwin Schrödinger and Enrico Fermi . During World War II Bohr avoided Adolf Hitler 's army and left Denmark in 1943; he ended up in the United States and was sent to Los Alamos, New Mexico to join Robert Oppenheimer and others working to develop the atomic bomb. After the war he returned to Denmark and spent the rest of his career advocating the peaceful uses of atomic energy. Extra credit: Bohr’s son Aage Bohr shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1975… Bohrium, a chemical element in the periodic table (symbol Bh, atomic number 107), was first synthesized in 1976… One of Bohr’s most famous students was Werner Heisenberg, the physicist who went on to lead Nazi Germany’s attempt to develop the atomic bomb. Copyright © 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.

Niels Bohr Biography (Physicist) Best known as: Danish atomic physicist who won 1922's Nobel Prize Name at birth: Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Bohr was the Danish physicist whose investigations of atomic structure earned him the 1922 Nobel Prize for physics. Bohr's work helped solve the problems classical physics could not explain about the nuclear model of the atom. He postulated that electrons moved in fixed orbits around the atom's nucleus, and he explained how they emitted or absorbed energy. Bohr attended the University of Copenhagen (1903-11), then studied for a time under Ernest Rutherford in Manchester, England. By 1916 he was back at the University of Copenhagen as a professor of physics, and in 1920 he became the first director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics. Bohr's Institute became a gathering place for the world's top physicists, and he is considered one of the foremost scientists of modern physics, along with Albert Einstein , Erwin Schrödinger and Enrico Fermi .

During World War II Bohr avoided Adolf Hitler 's army and left Denmark in 1943; he ended up in the United States and was sent to Los Alamos, New Mexico to join Robert Oppenheimer and others working to develop the atomic bomb. After the war he returned to Denmark and spent the rest of his career advocating the peaceful uses of atomic energy. Extra credit: Bohr’s son Aage Bohr shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1975… Bohrium, a chemical element in the periodic table (symbol Bh, atomic number 107), was first synthesized in 1976… One of Bohr’s most famous students was Werner Heisenberg, the physicist who went on to lead Nazi Germany’s attempt to develop the atomic bomb. Copyright © 1998-2016 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved. Advertisement Physics - 2 | Britannica.com Physics science that deals with the structure of matter and the interactions between the fundamental constituents of the observable universe.

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He was educated at Middlebury College, Vermont, and the University of Strasbourg, Germany. In 1904 he began work on radio transmissions for the U.S. Bureau of Standards. In 1908 Austin became... Avogadro’s number number of units in one mole of any substance (defined as its molecular weight in grams), equal to 6.022140857 × 10 23. The units may be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules, depending on the nature of the substance and the character of the reaction (if... Ayrton, Hertha Marks British physicist who was the first woman nominated to become a fellow of the Royal Society. In 1861 Marks’s father died, and two years later she went to live with her aunt, author Marion Moss Hartog, who ran a school in London. When she was a teenager,... Bacon, Roger English Franciscan philosopher and educational reformer who was a major medieval proponent of experimental science. Bacon studied mathematics, astronomy, optics, alchemy, and languages. He was the first European to describe in detail the process of making...

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Boltwood, Bertram Borden American chemist and physicist whose work on the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium was important in the development of the theory of isotopes. Boltwood was a member of the Yale faculty from 1897 until 1900, when he established a consulting firm... Boltzmann constant (symbol k), a fundamental constant of physics occurring in nearly every statistical formulation of both classical and quantum physics. The constant is named after Ludwig Boltzmann, a 19th-century Austrian physicist, who substantially contributed to the... Boltzmann, Ludwig physicist whose greatest achievement was in the development of statistical mechanics, which explains and predicts how the properties of atoms (such as mass, charge, and structure) determine the visible properties of matter (such as viscosity, thermal... Bondi, Sir Hermann Austrian-born British mathematician and cosmologist who, with Fred Hoyle and Thomas Gold, formulated the steady-state theory of the universe. Bondi received an M.A. from Trinity College, Cambridge. During World War II he worked in the British Admiralty...

Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso Italian physiologist and physicist who was the first to explain muscular movement and other body functions according to the laws of statics and dynamics. He was appointed professor of mathematics at Messina in 1649 and at Pisa in 1656. In 1667 he returned... Born, Max German physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1954 with Walther Bothe for his probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. Born came from an upper-middle-class, assimilated, Jewish family. At first he was considered too frail to attend... Bose, Satyendra Nath Indian mathematician and physicist noted for his collaboration with Albert Einstein in developing a theory regarding the gaslike qualities of electromagnetic radiation (see Bose-Einstein statistics). Bose, a graduate of the University of Calcutta, taught... Bose, Sir Jagadish Chandra Indian plant physiologist and physicist whose invention of highly sensitive instruments for the detection of minute responses by living organisms to external stimuli enabled him to anticipate the parallelism between animal and plant tissues noted by...

Bothe, Walther German physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1954 with Max Born for his invention of a new method of detecting subatomic particles and for other resulting discoveries. Bothe taught at the universities of Berlin (1920–31), Giessen (1931–34),... Boyle, Willard physicist who was awarded, with American physicist George E. Smith, the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2009 for their invention of the charge-coupled device (CCD). They shared the prize with physicist Charles Kao, who discovered how light could be transmitted... Boys, Sir Charles Vernon English physicist and inventor of sensitive instruments, known particularly for his utilization of the torsion of quartz fibres in the measurement of minute forces. This technique was applied in connection with his radiomicrometer (1888) for measuring... Bragg, Sir Lawrence Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of the Bragg law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure. He was joint winner (with his father, Sir William Bragg) of the Nobel Prize...

Bragg, Sir William pioneer British scientist in solid-state physics who was a joint winner (with his son Sir Lawrence Bragg) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915 for his research on the determination of crystal structures. He was knighted in 1920. William Bragg came... Brattain, Walter Houser American scientist who, along with John Bardeen and William B. Shockley, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1956 for his investigation of the properties of semiconductors—materials of which transistors are made—and for the development of the transistor.... Bohr - definition of Bohr by The Free Dictionary Bohr - definition of Bohr by The Free Dictionary Bohr (bôr), Niels Henrik David 1885-1962. Danish physicist who won a 1922 Nobel Prize for developing a new model of atomic structure. His son Aage Niels Bohr (1922-2009), also a physicist, shared a 1975 Nobel Prize for his work on the structure of atomic nuclei. Bohr (bɔː; Danish boːr) n 1.

(Biography) Aage Niels (ˈɔɡə neːls). 1922–2009, Danish physicist, noted for his work on nuclear structure. He shared the Nobel prize for physics 1975 2. (Biography) his father, Niels (Henrik David). 1885–1962, Danish physicist, who applied the quantum theory to Rutherford's model of the atom to explain spectral lines: Nobel prize for physics 1922 Bohr Niels Bohr biography | birthday, trivia | Danish Physicist | Who2 Niels Bohr Biography Brief examination of Bohr's role in the development of the atomic bomb Share this: Name at birth: Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Bohr was the Danish physicist whose investigations of atomic structure earned him the 1922 Nobel Prize for physics. Bohr’s work helped solve the problems classical physics could not explain about the nuclear model of the atom. He postulated that electrons moved in fixed orbits around the atom’s nucleus, and he explained how they emitted or absorbed energy.

Bohr attended the University of Copenhagen (1903-11), then studied for a time under Ernest Rutherford in Manchester, England. By 1916 he was back at the University of Copenhagen as a professor of physics, and in 1920 he became the first director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics. Bohr’s Institute became a gathering place for the world’s top physicists, and he is considered one of the foremost scientists of modern physics, along with Albert Einstein , Erwin Schrödinger and Enrico Fermi . During World War II Bohr avoided Adolf Hitler ‘s army and left Denmark in 1943; he ended up in the United States and was sent to Los Alamos, New Mexico to join Robert Oppenheimer and others working to develop the atomic bomb. After the war he returned to Denmark and spent the rest of his career advocating the peaceful uses of atomic energy.

Extra credit Bohr’s son Aage Bohr shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1975… Bohrium, a chemical element in the periodic table (symbol Bh, atomic number 107), was first synthesized in 1976… One of Bohr’s most famous students was Werner Heisenberg, the physicist who went on to lead Nazi Germany’s attempt to develop the atomic bomb. Bohr | Define Bohr at Dictionary.com Bohr [bawr, bohr; Danish bohr] /bɔr, boʊr; Danish boʊr/ Spell 1. Aage Niels [aw-guh neels] /ˈɔ gə nils/ (Show IPA), 1922–2009, Danish physicist: Nobel Prize 1975 (son of Niels Bohr). 2. Niels Henrik David [neels hen-reek dav-id] /nils ˈhɛn rik ˈdæv ɪd/ (Show IPA), 1885–1962, Danish physicist: Nobel Prize 1922.

Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for Bohr Expand Some Heroes of Travel W. H. Davenport Adams I have inquired among some of my friends, and hear that the Rajah of Bohr left here today with his following. British Dictionary definitions for Bohr Expand noun 1. Aage Niels (ˈɔɡə neːls). 1922–2009, Danish physicist, noted for his work on nuclear structure. He shared the Nobel prize for physics 1975 2. his father, Niels (Henrik David). 1885–1962, Danish physicist, who applied the quantum theory to Rutherford's model of the atom to explain spectral lines: Nobel prize for physics 1922 Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd.

1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Expand Bohr (bôr,), Niels Henrik David. 1885-1962. Danish physicist. He won a 1922 Nobel Prize for his investigation of atomic structure and radiations. His son Aage Niels Bohr (born 1922), also a physicist, shared a 1975 Nobel Prize for discovering the asymmetry of atomic nuclei. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. Bohr (bôr) Danish physicist who investigated atomic structure and radiation. Bohr discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom at set distances, changing levels only when energy is lost or gained and emitting or absorbing radiation in the process.

His concepts were fundamental to the later development of quantum mechanics. Our Living Language : In 1922 Danish physicist Niels Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics for his ability to build upon the findings of Ernest Rutherford and develop a theory of atomic structure that would contribute significantly to the development of quantum mechanics. At the beginning of the twentieth century, before Bohr's discovery, scientists thought that atoms were a loosely combined mixture of electrons, protons, and neutrons. In 1911 Ernest Rutherford discovered that atoms had an extremely small, positively charged nucleus that contained no electrons, and he developed an atomic model that resembled the solar system, with negatively charged electrons orbiting a central nucleus. Rutherford's model was considered puzzling because it predicted that atoms should be unstable: since the electrons were orbiting the nucleus, they were undergoing acceleration, but accelerating electric charges give off electromagnetic energy, so the orbiting electrons should have been constantly giving off energy, and ultimately spiraling into the nucleus. But electrons did not do this.

To explain the atom's apparent stability, Bohr postulated that electrons travel only in discrete orbits of different sizes and energy levels around the nucleus, and that increases or decreases in an electron's energy cause it to jump to a higher or lower orbit, absorbing or emitting energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Bohr's model explained why hydrogen, the simplest atom, emits and absorbs light only of certain frequencies depending on the difference in energy levels of the orbits between which the electron moves. Later in his career, Bohr developed the concept of complementarity to encompass wave-particle duality, the phenomenon that under some conditions light exhibits wavelike behavior and under other conditions particlelike behavior. The American Heritage® Science Dictionary Copyright © 2002. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.

Question: Which Danish born physicist won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922 and devised an atomic model?
Answer: Niels Bohr