Artificial limb | definition of artificial limb by Medical dictionary Artificial limb | definition of artificial limb by Medical dictionary Related to artificial limb: prosthesis limb [lim] 1. one of the paired appendages of the body used in locomotion and grasping; see arm and leg . Called also member , membrum , and extremity . 2. a structure or part resembling an arm or leg. anacrotic limb ascending limb (def. 2). artificial limb a replacement for a missing limb; see also prosthesis . ascending limb 1. the distal part of Henle's loop . 2. the ascending portion of an arterial pulse tracing; called also anacrotic limb. catacrotic limb descending limb (def. 2). descending limb 1. the proximal part of Henle's loop . 2. the descending portion of an arterial pulse tracing; called also catacrotic limb. lower limb the limb of the body extending from the gluteal region to the foot; it is specialized for weight-bearing and locomotion. See also leg . pectoral limb the arm ( upper limb ), or a homologous part. pelvic limb the leg ( lower limb ), or a homologous part.

phantom limb the sensation, after amputation of a limb, that the absent part is still present; there may also be paresthesias, transient aches, and intermittent or continuous pain perceived as originating in the absent limb. thoracic limb pectoral limb . upper limb the limb of the body extending from the deltoid region to the hand; it is specialized for functions requiring great mobility, such as grasping and manipulating. See also arm . artificial limb See prosthesis . artificial limb A PROSTHESIS designed to replace an amputated arm or leg. Artificial limbs may perform a purely supportive function or may simulate, to varying degrees, some of the functions of the part. artificial made by art; not natural or pathological. artificial abortion includes diagnosis of estrus, semen collection and handling, and artificial insemination (see below). artificial breeding organization a proprietary or cooperative organization dealing in the selection, purchase and maintenance of selected sires, mass collection, storage and sale of semen, employment of artificial inseminators, and often veterinarians skilled in the diseases of the reproductive tract, and the provision of artificial insemination services to individual cows and to herds, flocks or bands of animals.

The responsibility is usually assumed for the keeping of complete records and the provision of these to clients and in the form of a periodic report. It is inherent in the animal industries that artificial breeding has as its objectives the genetic improvement and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases of the species that it serves. Embryo transplantation and its attendant technologies could become part of an artificial breeding service. artificial digestion for trichinosis a sample of the meat to be examined is incubated with a mixture of pepsin and hydrochloric acid and the digesta examined under a microscope for specimens of Trichinella spiralis. artificial drying drying or dehydrating of feed by other than natural means of sun and air movement; usually by fossil fuel. artificial kidney a popular name for an extracorporeal hemodialyser. artificial limb a replacement for a natural limb. See also prosthesis . artificial milk see milk replacer. artificial organ a mechanical device that can substitute temporarily or permanently for a body organ. Not usually used in veterinary medicine. artificial parturition induction see parturition induction.

artificial rearing the rearing of newborn animals by the use of milk replacer as an artificial diet, and often the provision of an artificial environment with a cloth-lined box and a heat lamp or other heating device. The provision of an appropriate amount of relevant antibodies or a prolonged course of antibiotics is an essential part of the program. The need may be a permanent one because of the death or complete agalactia of the dam, or because management insists on early weaning. It may be temporary if the dam is agalactic for a brief period because of illness. artificial vagina a device used in the collection of semen from male animals. The usual construction is of a rigid external tube lined by a flexible, thin rubber sleeve. Water at body temperature is introduced between the tube and the sleeve so as to achieve a spongy warm cavity which is lubricated with inert material. A rubber cone, terminating in a graduated plastic or glass collecting tube, is placed over the distal end of the device which is then ready to use. PA Physical Medicine » Bracing/Artificial Limbs Bracing/Artificial Limbs PA Physical Medicine » Bracing/Artificial Limbs The medical term for an artificial limb is a prosthesis.

Prostheses are prescribed and used by patients with traumatic amputations as well as congenital limb deficiencies (born without part of a limb). The most common type of prosthesis prescribed is a custom below knee prosthesis. A prosthesis is most commonly prescribed by a physiatrist. A prosthesis is made by a prosthetist. Immediately following amputation surgery, the rehabilitation to maximize prosthetic use can make a significant difference in a patient’s mobility and functional outcome. Immediately following surgery, a post-operative prosthesis, sometimes referred to as an IPOP (immediate post-operative prosthesis) serves as a “football helmet” for the below knee amputee stump. It protects the amputation site as more than half the patients with a new below the knee amputation forget that they have the amputation and/or fall just because of loss of balance and damage the surgical wound site within the first two weeks after amputation. This protective cap helps prevent injury from occurring. More importantly, an IPOP will help shape and form the residual lower limb in a cylindrical fashion. This is akin to having an orange juice can suction effect while trying to remove the orange juice that is only partially thawed.

In other words, a 100% surface contact is what helps hold an artificial limb in place much more so than any type of suspension strap. Therefore, healing the residual limb into the shape of a cylinder is very important. The avoidance of a “dog-eared” appearance or out-pouching of the bottom left and right stump is important. If a dog-eared appearance occurs, this means that there are air pockets just above them and this creates a source of friction and pistoning with an ill-fitting prosthesis that will not be used effectively by the amputee. A person with a below knee amputation uses approximately 33%-40% more energy than a person without a below the knee prosthesis. A unilateral above knee amputation requires much more energy consumption in the order of approximately 66% more energy consumption to ambulate in comparison to a person without such an amputation. Therefore, a person with an above knee amputation or bilateral below knee amputations or greater will need a wheelchair for longer distance mobility. Wheelchair prescription is also part of the specialty of physiatry. The medical term for a brace is an orthosis.

An orthosis is medically defined as a device applied to the external surface of the body to improve function. The most common type of orthosis prescribed for a person with a lower limb disability is an ankle-foot orthosis. This is also referred to as an AFO. An AFO is commonly prescribed for a person with foot drop due to a traumatic peroneal nerve injury (a branch of the sciatic nerve) or for a person with a stroke. There are different types of orthoses (braces) that are made custom by an orthotist as prescribed by a physiatrist for diagnoses commonly also including spinal cord injuries and traumatic brain injuries. Often weakness, paralysis and spasticity require bracing. Plastic componentry is much more common than metal componentry but unstable joints can often require metal joints to help stabilize the joint. The best brace for a patient is one that has minimal weight, is easy to don (put on) and doff (take off) and helps normalize the patient’s function. Lower limb bracing, in general, is more commonly prescribed than upper limb bracing. In regard to the issue of artificial limbs and bracing, Dr.

Hennessey in particular has published four book chapters on bracing, including one in each of the his field’s international standard textbook editions of physical medicine and rehabilitation entitled Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, edited by Randall Braddom, M.D., and published by Elsevier in London, England. Medicolegal issues in regard to bracing, artificial limbs and gait (walking) abnormalities can be very well addressed by Dr. Hennessey and Dr. Kozakiewicz. Artificial Limb Vise - Medical Equipment Artificial Limb Vise Description A clamping device consisting of two wooden jaws actuated by a screw and two sets of hinges. The top section of the front jaw swivels. Our medical equipment dictionary is provided for use by medical students, nurses and other healthcare professionals and is for general, educational purposes only. If you would like to suggest an addition or update to the definition for temporary intracanalicular collagen implant, please contact us . Hemipelvectomy – A high-level pelvic amputation. Hip Disarticulation – Amputation of the entire leg from the hip. ISPO – International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics. Musculo-skeletal System – System of cooperating muscles and bones in biological creatures.

O&P – Orthotics and prosthetics. O&P Facility – Place where orthotic or prosthetic patient care is provided. Orthopaedics – Medical specialty dealing with the locomotor system. Orthopaedist – Surgeon who corrects congenital or functional abnormalities of the bones with surgery, casting, and bracing. Orthosis – Custom-fabricated or custom-fitted brace or support designed to align, correct, or prevent neuromuscular or musculoskeletal dysfunction, disease, injury, or deformity. Note: this does not include supports or devices carried in stock and sold by drug and other stores, corset shops or surgical supply facilities (e.g., fabric and elastic supports, corsets, arch supports, trusses, elastic hose, canes, crutches, cervical collars, dental appliances). Orthotics – The science and practice of evaluating, measuring, designing, fabricating, assembling, fitting, adjusting, or servicing an orthosis under a prescription from a licensed physician, chiropractor, or podiatrist to correct or alleviate neuromuscular or musculoskeletal dysfunction, disease, injury, or deformity.

Orthotist – Person who measures, designs, fabricates, fits, or services orthoses as prescribed by a licensed physician, and who assists in the formulation of an orthosis to support or correct disabilities. Pedorthics – Design, manufacture, fit and/or modification of shoe and foot orthoses to alleviate foot problems caused by disease, congenital condition, overuse or injury. Pedorthist – Individual trained in the manufacturing, fitting and modification of foot appliances and footwear for the purposes of alleviating painful or debilitating conditions and providing assistance for abnormalities or limited actions of the lower limb. Physical Therapist (PT) – A trained professional who performs and teaches exercises and other physical activities to aid in rehabilitation and maximize physical ability with less pain. PTs teach the amputee exercise techniques, gait training and ways to navigate physical barriers with a prosthesis. Plaster Impression – The plaster cast that is applied to the residual limb in order to obtain an accurate model during the fabrication process. Practitioner – Allied health professional who is specifically educated and clinically trained to manage the provision of comprehensive orthotic and prosthetic care (commonly used term to refer to orthotists and prosthetists).

Prefabricated Orthosis – Orthosis, which is manufactured in quantity without a specific patient in mind, which may be trimmed, bent, molded, or otherwise modified for use by a specific patient (i.e., custom fitted). A preformed orthosis is considered prefabricated even if it requires the attachment of straps and/or the addition of a lining and/or other finishing work or is assembled from prefabricated components is considered prefabricated. Any orthosis that does not meet the definition of a custom fabricated orthosis is considered prefabricated. Also referred to as custom-fitted. Preparatory (Temporary) Prosthesis – An artificial limb that is designed, fabricated and fitted soon after surgery; the prosthesis is worn as the residual limb is healing. Prosthesis – Artificial medical device that is not surgically implanted which is used to replace a missing limb or appendage such as artificial limbs, hands, fingers, feet or toes. Note: this does not include devices, which do not have an impact on the musculoskeletal functions of the body (e.g., artificial eyes or appliances for the eyes, dental plates, and largely cosmetic devices such as wigs, artificial breasts, eyelashes, ears and noses).

Prosthetics – Science and practice of evaluating, measuring, designing, fabricating, assembling, fitting, adjusting, or servicing prosthesis under an order from a licensed physician. Prosthetic Components – The parts that make up the artificial limb. For example, foot, ankle, socket, pylon, etc. Prosthetic Sock – A sock knitted to fit the shape of the residual limb worn inside the socket. The sock reduces the friction between the residual limb and the socket and replaces lost volume in the socket due to shrinking of the residual limb. Prosthetist – Person who measures, designs, fabricates, fits, or services prosthesis as prescribed by a licensed physician, and who assists in the formulation of the prosthesis prescription for the replacement of external parts of the human body lost due to amputation or congenital deformities or absences. Pylon – Pipe-like structure used to connect the prosthetic socket to the foot/ankle components. Residual Limb – Remaining portion of the limb after amputation.

RFO (Registered Fitter-Orthotics) – Fitter who has passed the American Board of Certification in Orthotics & Prosthetics standards for orthotic fitting and completes mandatory continuing education requirements and adheres to the Canons of Ethical Conduct. RFM (Registered Fitter-Mastectomy) – Fitter who has passed the American Board of Certification in Orthotics & Prosthetics standards for mastectomy fitting and completes mandatory continuing education requirements and adheres to the Canons of Ethical Conduct. RFOM (Registered Fitter-Orthotics Mastectomy) – Fitter who has passed the American Board of Certification in Orthotics & Prosthetics standards for both orthotic and mastectomy fitting and completes mandatory continuing education requirements and adheres to the Canons of Ethical Conduct. RTO (Registered Orthotic Technician) – Technician who has passed the American Board of Certification in Orthotics & Prosthetics standards for both orthotic and mastectomy fitting and completes mandatory continuing education requirements and adheres to the Canons of Ethical Conduct.

RTP (Registered Prosthetic Technician) – Technician who has passed the American Board of Certification in Orthotics & Prosthetics standards for both orthotic and mastectomy fitting and completes mandatory continuing education requirements and adheres to the Canons of Ethical Conduct. RTPO (Registered Prosthetic-Orthotic Technician) – Technician who has passed the American Board of Certification in Orthotics & Prosthetics standards for both orthotic and mastectomy fitting and completes mandatory continuing education requirements and adheres to the Canons of Ethical Conduct. Rehabilitation – Process of restoring a person who has been debilitated by a disease or injury to a functional life. Rehabilitation Team – Group of allied health care professionals that frequently includes physician, surgeon, orthotist/prosthetists, physical and occupational therapist, social worker and counselor who serve the needs of a patient. Socket – The portion of the prosthesis that is in contact with the residual limb. Soft Orthosis – Orthotic device made from fabric or elastic components (e.g., pressure gradient hose, corset, cervical collars, trusses). Sound side leg – Non-amputated limb.

Syme’s amputation – An amputation performed at the ankle joint Technician-Orthotic/Prosthetic – Person trained to fabricate, repair and maintain orthoses or prostheses under the supervision of an orthotist/prosthetist. Thoracic – Related to the trunk/rib cage. Transfemoral – A type of amputation that occurs above the knee. Transhumeral – A type of amputation that occurs above the elbow. Transradial – A type of amputation that occurs at the forearm. Transtibial – A type of amputation that occurs below the knee. 24 Jan 2017, 06:30 pm Amputees Together: Publix Cooking Artificial Limbs: MedlinePlus Artificial Limbs URL of this page: Artificial Limbs Seniors Summary People can lose all or part of an arm or leg for a number of reasons. Common ones include Circulation problems from atherosclerosis or diabetes. They may cause you to need an amputation . Traumatic injuries, including from traffic accidents and military combat Cancer Birth defects If you are missing an arm or leg, an artificial limb can sometimes replace it.

The device, which is called a prosthesis, can help you to perform daily activities such as walking, eating, or dressing. Some artificial limbs let you function nearly as well as before. Start Here How Prosthetic Limbs Work | HowStuffWorks How Prosthetic Limbs Work Alex Wong/ Getty Images If you're fortunate enough have all of your arms and legs, chances are that you take them for granted. The human body is a remarkable piece of biological machinery, and your limbs are no exception. For example, consider the delicate and complex tasks hands can perform, such as writing in calligraphy or playing the violin. At the same time, hands have the strength and durability required to grip heavy objects and withstand impacts. Legs are equally impressive, enabling a person to run long distances without tiring and navigate across uncertain terrains. When someone loses a limb due to injury or disease, the rich functionality once offered by that limb is lost as well. An upper extremity amputation , involving the loss of all or part of an arm, might mean the loss of the ability to perform job skills or normal activities of daily living.

For a lower extremity amputee, someone missing portions of one or more legs, this could mean the loss of the ability to walk or run. Related Articles 13 People With Extra Body Parts Prosthetic limbs are incredibly valuable to amputees because a prosthesis can help restore some of the capabilities lost with the amputated limb. Although prosthetic limbs have still not advanced to the point where they can rival the functionality provided by biological limbs, the capabilities they do provide can be significant. Great strides are being made each day in the field of prosthetics, and while great technological challenges remain, artificial limbs are becoming increasingly similar to real limbs. Do you want to know how prosthetic limbs are made? Do you want to know how they're controlled? Just how close are scientists to developing bionic artificial limbs , similar to the ones we see in science fiction movies? We'll let you know. But first, read the next page to take a look into the past and find out how prosthetic limbs have evolved throughout history. Not Just Limbs While an artificial limb is probably the first image to come to mind when you hear the word prosthesis, the term can actually refer to an artificial replacement for any missing body part.

Fingers, toes, ears, eyes and noses -- they all fall under the label of prosthesis. 1 Limb Loss Definitions | Amputee Coalition Limb Loss Definitions Last updated 2/2008 | Download PDF *italicized words have corresponding definitions AAOP (American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists): As a professional society of orthotists and prosthetists, the AAOP is dedicated to promoting professionalism and advancing the standards of patient care through education, literature, research, advocacy and collaboration. ABC (American Board of Certification): The ABC was formed in 1948 by a group of concerned practitioners and orthopedic surgeons who recognized the Orthotist/Prosthetist as an integral part of the rehabilitative team responsible for returning the patient to a productive and meaningful life. abduction: Motion of a limb or body part away from the median plane of the body. The resulting effect can cause problems with proper gait and/or ambulation and may prolong the rehabilitation process, especially in cases of lower extremity limb loss—adduction is its opposite. ablation: Removal of a body part and/or its function by way of surgery, morbid process or traumatic occurrence.

Amputee Coalition (Amputee Coalition of America): The Amputee Coalition was founded in 1986 and incorporated in 1989. The Amputee Coalition seeks to reach out to and empower people affected by limb loss to achieve their full potential through education, support and advocacy, and to promote limb loss prevention.. accessible: Something that is easily and safely approached, entered and/or operated by a person with a disability (i.e., site, facility, work environment, service, or program). acquired amputation: The surgical removal of a limb(s) due to complications associated with disease or trauma. acupuncture : An ancient Asian mode of therapy used to cure disease or relieve pain; the process employs long, thin needles that are inserted into the body at specific points. ADA: The Americans with Disabilities Act was enacted in 1990 and prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment; to be protected by this Act, one must have a disability or have a relationship or association with an individual with a disability.

adherent scar tissue: Usually formed during the healing process, the scar tissue sticks to underlying tissue such as muscle, fascia or bone and may cause pain or lessen the ability for a full range of motion; it also can limit proper fit of the socket. Massage techniques can be employed to combat irritation and/or inflammation, working to soften the hardened tissue. AE (above-the-elbow): A specific level of amputation—also known as transhumoral. AK (above-the-knee): A specific level of amputation—also known as transfemoral. alignment: The position of the prosthetic socket in relation to the foot and knee. alternative therapy: A treatment that is used in place of or in conjunction with traditional medicine (i.e., acupuncture, yoga andTens units). ambulation: The action of walking or moving. For lower extremity amputees, rehabilitation is primarily concerned with helping the patient achieve proper gait and/or ambulation. amelia: Medical term for the congenital absence or partial absence of one or more limbs at birth. Amelia can sometimes be caused by environmental or genetic factors. amputation: The cutting off of a limb or part of a limb. anterior: The front portion of a shoe or foot.

AOPA (American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association): Founded in 1917, the American Orthotic & Prosthetic Association is a national trade association committed to providing high quality, unprecedented business services and products to O&P professionals. architectural barrier: Barriers such as stairs, ramps, curbs, etc. that could obstruct a person’s ability to walk or mobilize in a wheelchair. assistive/adaptive equipment: Devices that assist in activities or mobility (i.e., wheelchair ramps, hand bars/rails, car and home modifications, canes, crutches, walkers and other similar devices). atrophy: A wasting away of a body part, or the decrease in size of a normally developed extremity or organ, due to a decrease in function and/or use. BE (below-the-elbow): A specific level of amputation—also known as transradial. bilateral amputee: A person who is missing or has had amputated both arms or both legs. For example, a person that is missing both legs below-the knee is considered a bilateral BK. biomechanics: Applying mechanical principles to the study of human movement; or the science concerned with the action of forces on the living body.

BK (below-the-knee): A specific level of amputation—also known as transtibial. BOC (Board for Orthotists/Prosthetists Certification): BOC is an independent, not-for-profit agency that certifies orthotists, prosthetists, orthotic and mastectomy fitters and accredits their facilities. Since their founding in 1984, BOC has been dedicated to promoting the highest standards of excellence and competence of orthotists and prosthetists. body image: The awareness and perception of one’s own body in relation to both appearance and function. body-powered prosthesis (upper extremity): An arm prosthesis powered by movement in the upper extremity portion of the body, specifically the muscles of the shoulder(s), neck and back. The motion of these movements is then captured by a harness system that generates tension in a cable, allowing a terminal device (hook or prosthetic hand) to open and close. bumper: Rubber like, polymer based devices that are available in varying degrees of density, depending on an amputee’s desired level of stiffness in a prosthetic knee or heel.

As with other prosthetic componentry, basic maintenance or replacement may be required as a result of wear and tear. C-Leg: The Otto Bock C-Leg features a swing and stance phase control system that senses weight bearing and positioning to provide the knee’s microprocessor information about the amputee’s gait, thus promoting smoother ambulation. The outer shell houses a hydraulic cylinder, microchip, and rechargeable battery. causalgia: A persistent, often severe burning pain usually resulting from injury to a peripheral nerve. check or test socket: A temporary socket, often transparent, made over the plaster model to aid in obtaining proper fit and function of the prosthesis. Chopart amputation: Named for François Chopart, French surgeon, 1743-1795. It is a disarticulation at the midtarsal joint of the foot, leaving a stump that is able to withstand weight bearing without a prosthesis. Recent studies, however, devalue this type of amputation, instead preferring the similar Syme’s amputation. comorbidity: The presence of a coexisting or additional disease that can impact a primary disease.

For example, the primary disease could be diabetes and the comorbid diseaseneuropathy. congenital anomaly: A birth malformation such as an absent or poorly developed limb. (seeamelia and phocomelia) contracture: The tightening of muscles around a joint, restricting the range of motion and suppressing muscular balance. contralateral: Originating in or affecting the opposite side of the body. cosmesis: Used to describe the outer, aesthetic covering of a prosthesis. CP (Certified Prosthetist): A person who has passed certification standards as set by a prosthetist certifying body. CPO (Certified Prosthetist/Orthotist): A person who has passed certification standards as set by a prosthetist/orthotist certifying body. custom fit: Fitting an individual with a device that is made from an image of the individual’s anatomy and fabricated according to the needs of that individual. débridement: The removal of necrotic, infected or foreign material from a wound. definitive, or permanent prosthesis: The definitive prosthetic replacement for the missing limb or part of a limb, meeting standards for comfort, fit, alignment, function, appearance and durability.

desensitization: To reduce or remove any form of sensitivity in the residual limb by massaging, tapping or applying vibration. diabetic amputation: An amputation caused by complications associated with diabetes. Causes can include neuropathy, ulcers, and foot disorders. This is an acquired amputation. disarticulation: An amputation of a limb through the joint, without cutting any bone—performed at the hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow and wrist levels. distal: (1) The end of the residual limb. (2) The end that is farthest from the central portion of the body. Distal is the opposite ofproximal. distal muscle stabilization: During an amputation, it is important to retain the maximum amount of functioning muscle to ensure strength, shape and circulation. To achieve this, the remaining muscles at the site of amputation must be secured and stabilized.Myodesis andmyoplasty are the most common techniques for achieving this stabilization. donning and doffing: Putting on and taking off a prosthesis, respectively. dorsiflexion: An upward movement or extension of the foot/toes or the hand/fingers.

durable medical equipment (DME): Assistive devices, such as crutches, walkers or wheelchairs that are used by patients at home. durometer: A device for measuring the degree of density or stiffness in rubber or polymer based products. In foot/ankle prosthetics, for example, a prosthetist would use the durometer to measure the degree of stiffness in a particular bumper in order to match its level of density to the degree of stiffness desired by the amputee; however, most bumpers now are color coded to correspond with a specific level of stiffness, virtually eliminating the need for office measurements. dysvascular amputation: The word is used to denote amputations that are caused or acquired from poor vascular status of a limb (i.e., ischemia). The prefix dys is Greek in origin and means abnormal, difficult, impaired or bad. edema: A type of localized swelling that is characterized by an excess of fluid in body tissues. Many amputees experience inflammatory edema (red, tender, and/or warm skin) at the residual level. elastic wrap: An elasticized bandage used to prevent swelling and encourage shrinkage of the residual limb, thus promoting a healthy stump.

endoskeletal prosthesis: A prosthesis built to imitate the movements and functional capabilities of the human skeleton, with all parts and componentry housed inside a soft, cosmetic covering. energy storing foot: A prosthetic foot designed with a flexible heel. The heel stores energy when weight is applied to it and releases this energy when weight is transferred to the other foot. exoskeletal prosthesis: A prosthesis made of a hard, hollow outer shell designed for weight bearing. It is a fully functional, complete prosthesis unoccupied with cosmetic concern. extension assist: A device that assists the prosthesis through the swing phase of ambulation, thus speeding up the walking cycle. extremity: Synonymous with limb, usually referring to an arm or leg. foot function: The act of using the feet as a functional substitute for the hands. forequarter amputation: An amputation of the arm, shoulder, clavicle, and scapula. foreshortened prostheses: see stubbies functional prosthesis: Designed with the primary goal of controlling an individual’s anatomical function, such as providing support or stability or assisting ambulation. gait: A manner of walking that is specific to each individual.

gait training: Part of ambulatory rehabilitation, or learning how to walk with your prosthesis or prostheses. HP (hemipelvectomy): Similar in scope to the hip disarticulation, the HP also removes approximately half of the pelvis. hybrid prosthesis: A prosthesis that combines several prosthetic options in a single prosthesis, usually for individuals who have a transhumoral (AE) amputation or difference. The most common hybrid prostheses are found in upper extremity cases where the device utilizes a body-powered elbow and a myoelectrically-controlled terminal device (hook or hand). IAOP: International Association of Orthotics and Prosthetics. Ilizarov technique: A bone fixation technique using an external fixator for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthrosis and other deformities, and assisting in the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. IPOP (Immediate Post Operative Prosthesis): A temporary prosthesis applied in the operating room immediately following amputation.

The IPOP helps control initial edema or swelling, reduces postamputation pain and protects the amputation site by enveloping the residual limb in a rigid dressing, and allows for immediate, although light, ambulatory rehabilitation. ischemia: A localized type of anemia that results because of an obstruction in the blood supply, usually through arterial blockage and/or narrowing. This condition is usually seen in patients with poor vascular health or in diabetics that are facing complications of a comorbid disease. Ischial containment socket: In some amputation cases, usually those of the HP or HD, this socket is used to support the ischium. ischium: The lower portion of the hipbone, which sometimes protrudes from the pelvis and may get sore while sitting on a hard surface for extended periods of time. kinesiology: The study of muscles and human movement. lateral: To the side, away from the median plane of the body. L-Codes: Reimbursement codes used in the prosthetic/healthcare industry to identify what services and/or devices were provided. LEA: Acronym for a lower extremity amputation or amputee.

Liner (roll-on liner): Suspension systems used to hold the prosthesis to the residual limb and to provide additional comfort and protection for the residual limb. Roll-on liners can also accommodate volumetric changes in the residual limb. These liners may be made of silicon, pelite, or gel substances. medial: Motion of a body part toward the median plane of the body. microprocessor-controlled knee: These devices are equipped with a sensor that detects full extension of the knee and automatically adjusts the swing phase of ambulation, allowing for a more natural gait. modular prosthesis: An artificial limb assembled from components or modules usually of theendoskeletal type, where the supporting member (pylon) may have a cosmetic covering (cosmesis) shaped and finished to resemble the natural limb. multiaxis foot: The multi-rotational axis allows for inversion and eversion of the foot, and it is effective for walking on uneven surfaces. myodesis: During an amputation, stabilization of the divided muscles is of utmost importance. Inadequate techniques resulting in weak, retracted muscles or skin that cannot tolerate the necessary pressures will obviously compromise stability.

Applying the myodesis technique fordistal muscle stabilization gives greater stability as it involves the direct suturing of muscle or tendon to bone. Myodesis is not recommended for ischemic patients. Instead, the surgeon will probably employ the technique of myoplasty. myoelectrics: Basically, this is muscle electronics. It is a technology used mainly in upper extremity prosthetics to control the prosthesis via muscle contraction using electrical signals from the muscles to power the prosthesis. myoplasty: Like myodesis, myoplasty is a surgical technique used to foster distal muscle stabilization. In this technique, muscle is sutured to muscle and then placed over the end of the bone before closing the wound. Since it is widely accepted that myodesis offers better stabilization, the myoplasty technique is not used as often; however, for patients with poor vascular health, the myoplasty technique is preferred. neuroma: When a nerve is severed during amputation, the nerve endings form a mass (neuroma) reminiscent of a cauliflower shape. Neuromas can be troublesome, especially when they are in places that are subject to pressure from the socket.

They can also cause an amputee to experience sensory phenomena in or around the residual limb, which can be aggravating and/or painful. neuropathy: An abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerve that can lead to loss of feeling in the feet or other extremities, especially in the diabetic patient. nylon sheath: A sock interface worn close to the skin on the residual limb to add comfort and deter perspiration. Occupational Therapy: The teaching of how to perform activities of daily living as independently as possible, or how to maximize independence in the case of disability. orthosis: A device that is used to protect, support or improve function of parts of the body that move, i.e., braces, splints, slings, etc. Orthoses is plural. orthotics: The profession of providing devices to support and straighten the body. orthotist: A skilled professional who fabricates orthotic devices that are prescribed by a physician. osseointegration: The growth action and adhesive nature of bone tissue with titanium, which allows an individual to have a prosthesis attached so as to become part of their body’s own structure.

The process was developed by Professor Ingvar Bränemark of Sweden in the 1950’s and is commonly used in dentistry and metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP) joint replacement in the hand. partial foot amputation: An amputation at the metatarsal section of the foot. This type of amputation is similar in scope to theChopart amputation. partial suction: Usually refers to the socket of an AK prosthesis that has been modified to allow the wearing of prosthetic socks. PFFD (Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency): A congenital anomaly where the proximal femur did not normally progress during the embryological development of the fetus. phantom pain: Painful sensations, usually moderate, that originate in the amputated portion of the limb. phantom sensation: This is the feeling that the missing body part is still there. It may involve uncomfortable but not necessarily painful sensations such as burning, tingling and/or itching. phocomelia: Medical term for a congenital anomaly in which one or more limbs are missing, with the hand and/or foot attached directly to the trunk of the body.

physiatrist: A doctor of rehabilitation medicine who specializes in the comprehensive management of patients with impairments and disabilities arising from neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and vascular disorders. Physical Therapy: A rehabilitative therapy that is concerned with a patient’s gross motor activities such as transfers, gait training, and how to function/mobilize with or without a prosthesis. pistoning: Refers to the residual limb slipping up and down inside the prosthetic socket while walking. plantar: The bottom section or sole of the foot. plantarflexion: When the toe/foot is pointing down, away from the median plane of the body. ply: In this context, it refers to the thickness of stump sock material. The higher the ply number, the thicker the sock. pneumatic/hydraulic resistance: Used in reference to knee joints that provide controlled changes in the speed of walking, or that provide the necessary resistance for the swing and stance phase of ambulation, helping the amputee achieve a more natural gait. posterior: The back side of the body or part in question, i.e., posterior knee or patellar region.

prehension: The primary functions of the hand, i.e., to hold, grasp, or pinch. preparatory prosthesis: An unfinished, functional replacement for an amputated limb, fitted and aligned to accelerate the rehabilitation process, control edema, and prepare the residual limb for the external forces associated with wearing a prosthesis on a day to day basis. prosthesis: An artificial limb, usually an arm or a leg, that provides a replacement for the amputated or missing limb. Prostheses is plural. prosthetics: The profession of providing those with limb loss or with a limb difference (congenital anomaly) a functional and/or cosmetic restoration of missing or underdeveloped human parts. prosthetist: A person involved in the science and art of prosthetics; one who designs and fits artificial limbs. proximal: Nearer to the central portion of the body. Proximal is the opposite of distal. pylon: A rigid member, usually tubular, between the socket or knee unit and the foot that provides a weight bearing, shock-absorbing support shaft for the prosthesis. quad socket: A socket designed for an AK amputee that has four distinctive sides.

The design allows the muscles to function as much as possible as it works to improve the AK amputee’s ability to control knee function. The distal end of the socket should match the shape and size of the residual limb and should provide secure contact, alleviating edema and other skin problems. range of motion: The amount of movement a limb has in a specific direction. reattachment surgery: The surgical attachment of a severed limb that involves reconnecting the arteries and grafting skin and muscle together. Some reattachment procedures also involve putting the patient in a hyperbolic chamber, which can cause the blood vessels, skin, muscle and nerve tissues to regenerate more quickly and completely. rehabilitation: The process of restoring a person who has been debilitated by a disease or injury to a normal, functional life. residual limb: The portion of the arm or leg remaining after an amputation, sometimes referred to as a stump or residuum. revision: Surgical modification of the residual limb. rigid dressing: A plaster wrap over the residual limb, usually applied in the operating or recovery room immediately following surgery for the purpose of controlling edema and pain.

It is preferable, but not necessary, that the rigid dressing be shaped in accordance with the basic biomechanical principles of socket design. SACH foot (Solid-Ankle Cushion Heel): The foot is made of wood with a flexible rubber shell that surrounds the wooden core. The SACH foot is usually prescribed to moderately active or less active amputees, but can be prescribed to amputees of all activity levels. SACH feet are also used in the design of foreshortened prostheses, or stubbies. SD (shoulder disarticulation): An amputation through the shoulder joint. shrinker: A prosthetic device made of elastic material and designed to help control swelling of the residual limb or to shrink it in preparation for a prosthetic fitting. shuttle lock: A mechanism that has a locking pin attached to the distal end of the liner, which locks or suspends the residual limbinto the socket. single axis foot: A prosthetic foot that has a single ankle hinge for dorsiflexion andplantarflexion. socket: The portion of the prosthesis that fits around and envelopes the residual limb and to which the prosthetic components are attached.

social worker: A professional who assists you by helping to coordinate your discharge from the hospital, overseeing and implementing any needed contact with other services or organizations, and generally preparing you for re-entry into family and community life. split hooks: Terminal devices for upper extremity amputees consisting of two hook-shaped fingers that are operated (opened and closed) through the action of a harness and cable system. stance control knee: These prosthetic knee joints typically offer a weight-activating friction brake that locks the knee into place during pivotal points of ambulation, offering stability and balance where needed. stubbies (Foreshortened Prostheses): Stubbies are used during and sometimes after initial ambulatory rehabilitation. They are customized to each individual and are usually made up of standard sockets, no articulated knee joints or shank, with modified rocker bottoms or SACH feet turned backward for balance and stability. stump: A word commonly used to refer to the residual limb. stump shrinker: An elastic wrap or compression sock worn on the residual limb to reduce swelling and to help properly shape the residual limb. suction socket: Mainly for use by AK level amputees, this socket is designed to provide suspension by means of negative pressure vacuuming.

This is achieved by forcing air out of the socket through a one-way valve when donning and using the prosthesis. In order for this type of socket to work properly, the soft tissues of the residual limb must precisely fit the contours of the socket. Suction sockets work very well for those whose residual limbs maintain a constant shape and size. suspension system(s): One of many suspension systems must be used in order to keep the prosthesis attached to the residual limb. Most of these systems are integral parts of the socketand prosthesis. swing phase: This is when the prosthesis moves from full flexion to full extension. The term is usually used in reference to prosthetic knee units. switch control: A control switch for an electronically-controlled prosthesis (see myoelectrics) that is used to regulate current from the battery to the operator. Symes amputation: An amputation through the ankle joint that retains the fatty heel pad portion and is intended to provide end weight bearing. temporary prosthesis: A prosthesis that is made soon after an amputation as an inexpensive way to help retrain a person to walk and balance while shrinking the residual limb (see IPOP).

TENS Unit (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): The units are small, battery powered, and weigh only a few ounces. Electrodes are placed on the skin near the area of pain and are attached to the TENS unit. The idea is to disrupt the pain signal so that the pain is no longer felt. terminal devices: Devices attached to the wrist unit of an upper extremity prosthesis that provide some aspect of normal hand function, i.e., grasp, release, etc. TES belt: A neoprene or Lycra suspension system for an AK prosthesis, which has a ring that the prosthesis slides into. The neoprene belt attaches around your waist by Velcro/hook and loop fastener. It is used to provide added suspension and/or control rotation. therapeutic custom shoe: A shoe designed and fabricated to address an individual’s medical condition. A therapeutic custom shoe is made over a modified positive model of an individual’s foot and can be either custom-molded or custom-made. therapeutic recreation: This mode of rehabilitation provides instruction in returning to leisure activities. transfers: The act of moving from one position to another (such as from sitting on a bed to sitting in a wheelchair).

transmetatarsal amputation: An amputation through the metatarsal section of the foot bone. (see partial foot amputation) traumatic amputation: An amputation that is the result of an injury. unilateral: An amputation that affects only one side of the body (opposite of bilateral). upper extremity (UE): Having to do with the upper part of the body. It is used in reference to amputees with arm or shoulder amputations. Van Ness Rotationplasty: In this kind of reconstruction, the ankle joint is used as a substitute for the knee. By removing a portion of the femur and knee joint and bringing the ankle up to the level of the original knee, turning it 180 degrees, reattaching it to the femur and adjusting the thigh to appropriate length, a functional knee joint (formerly the ankle joint) can be achieved. The foot is then fit into a prosthetic socket and the person in question, who would otherwise require an AK amputation, functions as a BK amputee—a preferable level when considering ambulatory rehabilitation. variable-volume socket: A lightweight and custom-made socket.

The two-piece design makes it possible to don and doff the prosthesis without subjecting the limb to unnecessary shear. The patient can adjust the socket itself as well as vary the sock ply to maintain proper fit. Socket adjustability eliminates the need to replace the preparatory socket several times before stabilization occurs. vascular amputation: An amputation caused by lack of blood flow to a limb or limbs (ischemia). Causes include arterial and venous catheterization, heart defects and disease, diabetes, familial coagulation defects, arterial anomalies, pressure, septic emboli, and mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. This is an acquired amputation. voluntary-closing devices: Terminal devices that are closed by forces on a control cable; grasp is proportional to the amount of pull on the cable. wrist disarticulation (WD): An amputation through the wrist. *Below is a list of medical dictionaries that were consulted in the making of this fact sheet. Many thanks are owed to the editors of both Stedman’s Medical Dictionary and Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, as well as to the compilers of numerous online amputation glossaries that were helpful during initial research.

Pugh, Maureen Barlow, Barbara Werner, and Thomas W. Filardo, MD, eds. 2000. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary. 27th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Venes, Donald, MD, and Clayton L. Thomas, MD, eds. 2001. Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. 19th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. It is not the intention of the Amputee Coalition to provide specific medical or legal advice but rather to provide consumers with information to better understand their health and healthcare issues. The Amputee Coalition does not endorse any specific treatment, technology, company, service or device. Consumers are urged to consult with their healthcare providers for specific medical advice or before making any purchasing decisions involving their care. It is not the intention of the Amputee Coalition to provide specific medical or legal advice but rather to provide consumers with information to better understand their health and healthcare issues. The Amputee Coalition does not endorse any specific treatment, technology, company, service or device. Consumers are urged to consult with their healthcare providers for specific medical advice or before making any purchasing decisions involving their care.

National Limb Loss Resource Center, a program of the Amputee Coalition, located at 900 East Hill Ave., Suite 390, Knoxville, TN 37915 | 888/267-5669 © Amputee Coalition. Local reproduction for use by Amputee Coalition constituents is permitted as long as this copyright information is included. Organizations or individuals wishing to reprint this article in other publications, including other World Wide Web sites must contact the Amputee Coalition for permission to do so.

Question: What is the medical term for an artificial limb
Answer: A prosthesis