Do rats last longer without water than camels? | Reference.com Do rats last longer without water than camels? A: Quick Answer Old World rat species of the kind commonly found in cities need to drink water daily, while Dromedary and Bactrian camels can go without water for weeks. However, kangaroo rats, which are not closely related to Old World rats, can live their entire lives without drinking a drop of water. Full Answer One particular species of Old World rat is actually known as the water rat because it often lives near water sources to meet its hydration needs. Kangaroo rats and camels are all desert species, and they have evolved effective means of dealing with arid conditions. Kangaroo rats are able to reuse water from metabolism, and they only drink when absolutely necessary, explains the Animal Diversity Web. Both groups of animals are very efficient at retaining water, but camels do need to drink more frequently. Unnecessary Knowledge | A rat can last longer without water than a camel. A rat can last longer without water than a camel. (1) Comments Joanie loves chachi: A kangaroo rat can go it's entire life of 3 - 5 years without taking a single sip of water.

and now you know Name: Top 10 Fascinating Facts About Rats - Listverse Top 10 Fascinating Facts About Rats Mike D April 9, 2012 Few creatures in the world inspire more dread than the rat. Long a symbol of death and pestilence, they haunt our nightmares and scuttle in our walls, scaly tails dragging behind them. Rats cause billions of dollars in damage every year, spoiling food supplies, chewing through electrical wires, biting babies in their cribs – and yet their benefits to mankind have been simultaneously overwhelming. Read below for further information on some of our creepiest neighbors. 10 Norway Rats Although there are many different species of rats, the one most people associate with the word are Brown or Norway rats. Likely originating in China, the largest specimens can top 2.2lbs. Norway rats plague cities such as New York (where population estimates vary wildly- from a few hundred thousand to a few hundred million depending on your source) and London and have pervaded nearly every corner of the globe with the rare exceptions of Arctic and Antarctic areas, the Canadian province of Alberta, and pockets of New Zealand.

The white albino rats used in laboratories and kept as pets are domesticated versions of this species. 9 Black Rats Driven to a fraction of their former range by the larger, nastier Brown Rats, Black Rats prefer tropical locales these days, but were once Europe’s dominant species. It was this rat which ushered in the Black Plague. Fleas that lived on the rats transmitted the Yersinia pests bacteria to millions of unwitting victims. The black rat is an excellent climber, and has proven to be the bane of many nesting bird species throughout the world. They are especially pervasive in New Zealand. Unlike their brown counterparts, they tend to be subject to huge population explosions, typically around harvest times when food is abundant. 8 House Guests It is nearly impossible to completely rat-proof your home. They can fit in through openings as small as the diameter of a quarter. According to the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, a rat’s teeth are harder than iron or steel, and are easily able to gnaw through substances like cinderblock and wood. Once they have invaded the home, they are very difficult to get ride of. Rats are clever and notoriously trap shy. Using poison has its drawbacks and well.

It is dangerous for children and pets, and even if it works precisely as advertised, one still has to deal with the rats, who often hide themselves in the walls to die and fill the house with the obscene reek of rotting flesh. 7 Zombie Rats Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite whose life cycle can only come fully to fruition in the body of a cat. Other animals can carry it, but it needs a cat to flourish. And the way it finds a host is insidious – rats who become infected suffer a change in the brain chemistry which causes them to become attracted to, rather than naturally fearful of the scent of felines. Obviously, they don’t last long. Humans also contract toxoplasmosis – some estimates indicate 1/3 of the world’s population has it. Occasionally fatal, it is particularly dangerous for people with weakened immune systems and pregnant women (which is why women are told to avoid cat litter boxes when they are expecting). Toxoplasmosis has also been linked to many other ailments, including schizophrenia. 6 Rats are Tough The spread of rats throughout the world was not due entirely to fortunate circumstance. They are able to adapt to different environments without much difficulty.

A rat can go longer without water than a camel. It can fall some five stories without injury. They can survive large doses of radiation, and swim for half a mile across open water. Over generations, they tend to build up certain immunities to poisons. And the biggest, feistiest sewer rats can send your average house cat running for the hills. 5 What’s for Dinner? While some housecats may have largely lost the ability to take on rats, there are many other creatures that rely on them as a staple of their diets. Owls and hawks, snakes, members of the weasel family, and many large predators eat rats. There any many dog breeds specifically conceived to hunt them – terriers are exceedingly good at eliminating vermin. In many parts of the world, rats are a food source. They are frequently eaten in Africa, China, and other sections of southeast Asia. Even in the same country, there is a fine line between the delicious and the taboo; in certain areas of India, they are considered a delicacy, and in others they are worshiped as scions of the Hindu deity Ganesha. 4 Lab Rats There is no underestimating the importance of the laboratory rat in research.

Great strides have been made in the medical field using rats. There are several strains, inbred so that they becomes almost genetically identical to each other, including the Wistar, the Sprague-Dawley, and the Long-Evans. However, certain genetic manipulations can result in extremely specific types, such as the Biobreeding rat, which develops Type 1 diabetes, and the Zucker rat, which becomes obese. Lately, rats and mice have been used for tissue engineering, a controversial process wherein rodents can grow skin and cartilage for transplant in humans. 3 Giant Rats For those with a fear of rodents, the Gambian Pouched Rat would be an absolute terror. Similar in appearance to a Norway Rat, the Gambian version can grow up to 15lbs. In its native Africa, it is eaten as bushmeat, but its intelligent and tractable nature has also led it to be used to detect land mines. While huge by rat standards, it is small enough to climb over the mines without detonating them. The Gambian pouched rat has also shown a marked propensity for detecting tuberculosis. It can examine a sample of human sputum and declare whether it is infected far quicker than humans can through more scientific methods.

Despite its jarring appearance, the giant rat is actually quite friendly and has a growing following as an exotic pet. Ownership was made briefly illegal in the United States when it was discovered the rats were a vector of the disease monkeypox. 2 Baby Boom A mating pair of rats can have 5 litters of 7-15 pups in a year, and the pups themselves become fertile around 5 weeks of age. In a vacuum environment, such a pair could theoretically produce hundreds of thousands if not millions of descendants in a single year. Such a prolific rate of breeding is necessarily to keep their species extant, however, because even under auspicious circumstances, a wild rat rarely makes its 2nd birthday. Depending on various environmental factors, the mortality rate is around 95% in a rat’s first few weeks of life. 1 Rat King A rat king is a strange freak accident wherein many rats clustered together become inexorably tangled together by their tails. Several have been found since the Middle Ages, but many doubt the veracity of these specimens. Although not strictly reserved to Germany, the vast majority of rat kings seem to have occurred there, lending some credence to the idea that it is a cultural phenomenon and perhaps something of a hoax.

The largest rat king known is a cluster of 32 mummified black rats found in a miller’s fireplace in Buchheim, Germany in 1828. It can be seen on display at the Mauritianum Museum in Altenburg, Germany. Historically, rat kings have been seen as a terrible omen associated with death and disease. More Great Lists Is there an animal that can go longer without water than a camel? | Reference.com Is there an animal that can go longer without water than a camel? A: Quick Answer A kangaroo rat can live its entire life, 2 to 5 years, without drinking water. Camels can only survive for a few months without water. Full Answer Camels need less water in the winter months than they do in the summer. They get some of the water they need from the plants they eat and, despite what many people believe, a camel's humps do not store water for the animal. A camel's humps are fat reserves that are converted to energy as necessary. Kangaroo rats build their homes in humid underground shelters and coat their fur in an oily substance that helps them retain water. They have the ability to lower their own metabolic rate, which also conserves water.

Rat vs Camel - Who can go longer without water ? - YouTube Rat vs Camel - Who can go longer without water ? Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jan 15, 2014 Rat vs Camel - Who can go longer without water ? Category A rat can last longer without water than a camel. Rating 0 - 0 Votes fUSION Anomaly. Water camel . One species of antelope, the Sitatunga, can sleep underwater. The average American consumes 1,500 pounds of food each year. 1,000 gallons of water are required to grow and process each pound of that food. This means that in the U.S., in a single year, an average of 1.5 million gallons of water is invested in the food eaten by just one person. This 200,000-cubic-feet-plus of water-per-person would be enough to cover a football field four feet deep. 96% of a cucumber is water.

Ninety eight per cent of the weight of water is made up from oxygen. water water (wô´ter, wòt´er) noun 1. A clear, colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid, H2O, essential for most plant and animal life and the most widely used of all solvents. Freezing point 0°C (32°F); boiling point 100°C (212°F); specific gravity (4°C) 1.0000; weight per gallon (15°C) 8.337 pounds (3.772 kilograms). 2. a. Any of various forms of water: waste water. b. Often waters. Naturally occurring mineral water, as at a spa. 3. a. A body of water such as a sea, lake, river, or stream. b. waters. A particular stretch of sea or ocean, especially that of a state or country: escorted out of British waters. 4. a. A supply of water: had to turn off the water while repairing the broken drain. b. A water supply system. 5. a.

Any of the liquids present in or passed out of the body, such as urine, perspiration, tears, or saliva. b. The fluid surrounding a fetus in the uterus; amniotic fluid. 6. An aqueous solution of a substance, especially a gas: ammonia water. 7. A wavy finish or sheen, as of a fabric or metal. 8. a. The valuation of the assets of a business firm beyond their real value. b. Stock issued in excess of paid-in capital. 9. a. The transparency and luster of a gem. b. A level of excellence. verb watered, watering, waters verb, transitive 1. To pour or sprinkle water on; make wet: watered the garden. 2. a. To give drinking water to. b. To lead (an animal) to drinking water. 3. To dilute or weaken by adding water: a bar serving whiskey that had been watered. 4. To give a sheen to the surface of (silk, linen, or metal). 5. To increase (the number of shares of stock) without increasing the value of the assets represented. 6. To irrigate (land). verb, intransitive 1.

To produce or discharge fluid, as from the eyes. 2. To salivate in anticipation of food: The wonderful aroma from the kitchen makes my mouth water. 3. To take on a supply of water, as a ship. 4. To drink water, as an animal. - phrasal verb. water down To reduce the strength or effectiveness of: "It seemed clear by late autumn that the ban would be significantly watered down or removed altogether before the trade bill became law" (George R. Packard). - idiom. Out of difficulty or trouble. water under the bridge A past occurrence, especially something unfortunate, that cannot be undone or rectified: All that is now just water under the bridge. [Middle English, from Old English wæter.] - wa´terer noun "empty your mind... be formless... be shapeless...be water, my friend..." - Bruce Lee from his only television interview "We are but whirlpools in a river of ever- flowing water. We are not stuff that abides, but patterns that perpetuate themselves. A pattern is a message, and may be transmitted as a message." - Caine: "may I have some water?" bartender: "is that all you want?

water?" bartender: "where did you come from?" Caine: "the desert" bartender: "the desert? how the hell did you get across?" Caine: "i walked" The clue to some of water's strange behavior lies with the hydrogen atom, which has only one electron to share with any other atom with which it combines. When it joins with oxygen to form molecules of water, each hydrogen atom is balanced between two oxygen atoms in what is called the "hydrogen bond"; but having only one electron to offer, the hydrogen atom can be attached firmly on only one side, so the bond is a weak one. Its strength is 10 per cent of that of most ordinary chemical bonds, so for water to exist at all, there have to be lot of bands to hold it together. Liquid water is so intricately laced that it is almost a continuous structure, and one worker has gone so far as to describe a glass of water as a single molecule. Ice is even more regular, and forms the most perfectly bonded hydrogen structure known.

Its crystalline pattern is so very precise that it seems to persist into the liquid state, and though it looks clear, water contains short-lived regions of ice crystals that form and melt many millions of times every second. It is as though liquid water remembers the form of the ice from which it came by repeating the formula over and over again to itself, ready to change back again at a moment's notice. If one could take a photograph with a short enough exposure, it would probably show icelike areas even in a glass of hot water. - by Lyall Watson water water, odorless, tasteless, transparent liquid that is colorless in small amounts but exhibits a bluish tinge in large quantities. It is the most abundant liquid on earth. In solid form (ice) and liquid form it covers about 70% of the earth's surface. Chemically, water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen whose formula is H2O. The two H-O bonds form an angle of about 105°-an arrangement that results in a polar molecule, because there is a net negative charge toward the oxygen end (the apex) of the V-shaped molecule and a net positive charge at the hydrogen ends.

Consequently, each oxygen atom is able to attract two nearby hydrogen atoms of two other water molecules. These hydrogen bondings keep water liquid at ordinary temperatures. Because water is a polar compound, it is a good solvent. Because of the hydrogen bondings between molecules, the latent heats of fusion and of evaporation and the HEAT CAPACITY of water are all unusually high. For these reasons water serves both as a heat-transfer medium (e.g., ice for cooling and steam for heating) and as a temperature regulator (the water in lakes and oceans helps regulate the climate). Water is chemically active, reacting with certain metals and metal oxides to form bases, and with certain oxides of nonmetals to form acids . Although completely pure water is a poor conductor of electricity , it is a much better conductor than most pure liquids because of its self-ionization, i.e., the ability of two water molecules to react to form a hydroxyl ion (OH-) and a hydronium ion (H3O+). 604 track _Water_ MP3 eight natural ways of virtue in which people of integral virtue can learn from Water: 1. Be content with a 'low' position.

Like Water, by remaining low, one may be safe and free from competition. 2. Remain profound. A profound mind is as quiet as the deep ocean. Therefore, it is undisturbed by the waves on the surface. 3. Give generously. Water constantly gives without asking to be repaid. 4. Speak faithfully. The flow of Water always faithfully goes toward the sea. 5. Govern gently. Though Water moves with gentleness, it can overcome even the hardest obstacle under the heavens. 6. Work capably and adaptably. Water can fit what is square or what is round. It keeps its true nature in any containment or circumstance. 7. Take action opportunely. Water freezes in Winter and melts in Spring. Its inflexibility in the Winter is like death. Its softness in the Spring generates new life. 8. Never fight. Water does not fight for itself, thus it is beyond blame.

track _Today and Tomorrow_ MP3 by Sense Field off of _Killed For Less_ on Revelation (1994) I am running water it makes you stay inside today I know what you think when you're all alone cover you with what you want I know what you feel when you're by yourself what you feel you feel the running water and you feel the pouring rain all over you and it makes you stay inside today and you come out come out wherever you are you are if you only knew what I felt when I'm all alone cover you with what you want if you only knew what I felt when I'm by my cover you with what you want I feel like running water I feel like pouring rain all over you all over you if you only knew what I felt when I'm all alone cover you with what you want if you only knew what felt when I'm by my when you're by your when I'm by my cover you with what you want I feel like running water I feel like pouring rain all over you and it makes you stay inside today and tomorrow cover you with what I want you are what I want Thomas: If any event, as we glance at the sea, as we explore the world of elementary particles, we see how the universe assim

ilates qualities spontaneously.

What name should we give this cosmic dynamic? We could call it quantum stickiness, if we wished to keep our attention tuned to the quantum realm. Or we could call it solvency properties of water, if we wished to take the sea, and liquids in general as our reference point. But in order to indicate the universal aspect of this dynamic, we will use the word sensitivity. Youth : so protons are sensitive? Thomas: They show a minimal sensitivity for each other, yes. The universe is sensitive - it's a realm of sensitivity. Matter is sensitive. To say that an electron is sensitive means that an electron notices things. The electron responds to situations and is intrinsically altered by them. I don't mean that the electron is self-reflexively aware as a human is, however. Perhaps we could use the phrase quantum sensitivity to make the same point. All I'm saying is that the electron absorbs something from the world, assimilating it into itself. Youth: I'm confused. This sensitivity, this power of absorbing... What are we getting at here? Thomas: We're investigating the way humans will mature into their destiny as the human form of cosmic dynamics.

- _The Universe Is A Dragon_ by Brian Swimme If I ask the question, 'Who am I?' I could conclude that, perhaps I am this stuff here, i.e., the ordered and chaotic collection of molecules that comprise my body and brain . However, the specific set of particles that comprise my body and brain are completely different from the atoms and molecules than comprised me only a short while (on the order of weeks) ago. We know that most of our cells are turned over in a matter of weeks. Even those that persist longer (e.g., neurons) nonetheless change their component molecules in a matter of weeks. So I am a completely different set of stuff than I was a month ago. All that persists is the pattern of organization of that stuff. The pattern changes also, but slowly and in a continuum from my past self. From this perspective I am rather like the pattern that water makes in a stream as it rushes past the rocks in its path. The actual molecules (of water) change every millisecond, but the pattern persists for hours or even years.

- Ray Kurzweil ambient track _Slow Water_ MP3 (vK) by Brian Eno off of _Music For Films_ on EG (1978) track _A Collection Of Poems About Water_ MP3 (vK) by Of Montreal off of _The Gay Parade_ on Bar/None (1999) afro beat track _Water No Get Enemy_ MP3 by Fela Kuti off of _Expensive Shit_ 12" on Editions (1975) track _Breathing Water_ MP3 (192k) by Swans off of _World Of Skin_ IDM track _Cold Water (Flat)_ MP3 (192k) by Proem off of _Negativ_ CD on Merck (2001) IDM track _Water Of Life_ MP3 (192k) by Novel 23 off of _Melodies Of Childhood For Adult Imagination_ 12" on Pitchcadet #008 ambient techno track _Kein Trink Wasser_ MP3 (192k) by Orbital off of _Snivilisation_ CD on FFRR (1994) ambient techno release _

Floating In Shallow Water_ CD by Legion Of Green Men on Post (1999) 3.

_The _Owls In The Apple Tree_ MP3 (160k) emo grunge track _Into Water_ MP3 (256k) by Salt off of _Delay Me Down & Make Me Wah Wah!!!_ on Meltdown (1997) indie emo track _Roses In Water_ MP3 by Real Estate off of _How It Feels To Be Something On_ on Sub Pop (1998) post grunge track _I Come From The Water_ MP3 by Toadies off of _Rubberneck_ (1995) track _Blue Water_ MP3 (160k) by Metamatics off of _EP 02_ 12" on Clear (1997) ambient poetry hip hop track _Watching Water_ MP3 (192k) by Alias off of _The Other Side Of The Looking Glass_ on Anticon (2002) acid jazz hip hop track _Hot Water_ MP3 (192k) by Yesterday's New Quintet off of _Angles Without Edges_ on Stones Throw ( track _Water Ego_ MP3 (192k) by Krom off of _This_

 on Primal Music (2001) synthcore track _Word To Water_ MP3 (vK) by Hot Hot Heat off of _Scenes One Through Thirteen_ on Ohev (2002) post rock track _A Watery Kentucky_ MP3 (vK) by Gastr Del Sol off of _The Serpentine Similar_ CD on Dexter's (1993) post rock track _Restless Waters_ MP3 (bonus track) by Tortoise off of _Millions Now Living Will Never Die_ on Thrill Jockey (1996) track _More Water_ MP3 (192k) by ESP Summer off of _ESP Summer (Mars Is Ten)_ on by KK Null & Jim O'Rourke off of _New Kind Of Water_ on Charnel House (1996) track _What Does The Water Think?_ MP3 (256k) by I Am Spoonbender off of _Sender/Receiver_ CD on Gold Standard Laboratories (1998) metallic hardcore track _I'll Breathe In The Water_ MP3 (160k) by With Love post rock emo track _Swallow Water_ MP3

 (192k) by Sky Corvair off of _Unsafe At Any Speed_ on Grand Theft (2001) post hardcore artcore track _Large Organs_ MP3 (vK) by Trumans Water off of _Of Thick Tum_ CD on Justice My Eye (1992) the drummer was 69 years old when the band started post hardcore emo track _Wings Of Water_ MP3 (160k) by Rosialandroad off of _Awaked & Astrayed_ CD on Gamma Pop #004 (1999) metallic emo track _Thicker Than Water_ MP3 by Four Hundred Years off of _Suture & Other Songs_ on Lovitt (1999) hardcore emo track _The Water vs.

The Anchor_ MP3 by Of The Might Of Princes off of _Where You Are & Where You Want To Be_ track _Water Music_ MP3 by Handel off of _Mad About Baroque_ compilation CD on Deutsche Grammophon (1993) Eskaton (1996) Water is a chemical compound and polar molecule, which is liquid under STP conditions. It has the chemical formula H2O, meaning that one molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Water is found almost everywhere on earth and is required by all known life. About 70% of Earth's surface is covered by water. General The solid state of water is known as (water) ice; the gaseous state is known as steam. The units of temperature (formerly the degree Celsius and now the Kelvin) are defined in terms of the triple point of water, 273.16 K (0.01 °C) and 611.2 Pa, the temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gaseous water coexist in equilibrium.

At temperatures greater than 647 K and pressures greater than 22.064 MPa, a collection of water molecules assumes a supercritical condition, in which liquid-like clusters float within a vapor-like phase. A body of water is a term for an ocean, sea, lake, river, stream, canal, pond, or the like. Chemists sometimes jokingly refer to water as dihydrogen monoxide or DHMO, the systematic covalent name of this molecule, especially in parodies of chemical research that call for this "lethal chemical" to be banned. The systematic acid name of water is hydroxic acid or hydroxilic acid, although these terms are rarely used. The dipolar nature of water An important feature of water is its polar nature. The water molecule forms an angle, with hydrogen atoms at the tips and oxygen at the vertex. Since oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, the side of the molecule with the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge, relative to the hydrogen side. A molecule with such a charge difference is called a dipole.

The charge differences cause water molecules to be attracted to each other (the relatively positive areas being attracted to the relatively negative areas) and to other polar molecules. This attraction is known as hydrogen bonding. This relatively weak (relative to the covalent bonds within the water molecule itself) attraction results in physical properties such as a very high boiling point, because a lot of heat energy is necessary to break the hydrogen bonds between molecules. For example, Sulphur is the element below oxygen in the periodic table, and its equivalent compound, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) does not have hydrogen bonds, and though it has twice the molecular weight of water, it is a gas at room temperature. The extra bonding between water molecules also gives liquid water a large specific heat capacity. Hydrogen bonding also gives water an unusual behaviour when freezing. As with most other materials, the liquid becomes denser with lowering temperature. However, unlike most other materials, when cooled to near freezing point, the presence of hydrogen bonds means that the molecules, as they rearrange to minimise their energy, form a structure that is actually of lower density: hence the solid form, ice, will float in water i.e. water expands as it freezes (most other materials shrink on solidification).

Liquid water reaches its highest density at a temperature of 4 °C. This has an interesting consequence for water life in winter. Water chilled at the surface becomes denser and sinks, forming convection currents that cool the whole water body, but when the temperature of the lake water reaches 4°C, water on the surface, as it chills further, becomes less dense, and stays as a surface layer which eventually forms ice. Since downward convection of colder water is blocked by the density change, any large body of water frozen in winter will have the bulk of its water still liquid at 4°C beneath the icy surface, allowing fish to survive. (this is one of the principal examples of finely-tuned physical properties that support life on Earth that is used as an argument for the Anthropic Cosmological Principle). Another consequence is that ice will melt if sufficient pressure is applied. Water as a solvent Water is also a good solvent due to its polarity. The solvent properties of water are vital in biology, because many biochemical reactions take place only within aqueous solutions (e.g., reactions in the cytoplasm and blood). In addition, water is used to transport biological molecules. When an ionic or polar compound enters water, it is surrounded by water molecules.

The relatively small size of water molecules typically allows many water molecules to surround one molecule of solute. The partially negative dipoles of the water are attracted to positively charged components of the solute, and vice versa for the positive dipoles. In general, ionic and polar substances such as acids, alcohols, and salts are easily soluble in water, and nonpolar substances such as fats and oils are not. Nonpolar molecules stay together in water because it is energetically more favorable for the water molecules to hydrogen bond to each other than to engage in van der Waals interactions with nonpolar molecules. An example of an ionic solute is table salt; the sodium chloride, NaCl, separates into Na+ cations and Cl- anions, each being surrounded by water molecules. The ions are then easily transported away from their crystalline lattice into solution. An example of a nonionic solute is table sugar. The water dipoles hydrogen bond to the dipolar regions of the sugar molecule and allow it to be carried away into solution. Cohesion and surface tension The strong hydrogen bonds give water a high cohesiveness and, consequently, surface tension.

This is evident when small quantities of water are put onto a nonsoluble surface and the water stays together as drops. This feature is important when water is carried through xylem up stems in plants; the strong intermolecular attractions hold the water column together, and prevent tension caused by transpiration pull. Other liquids with lower surface tension would have a higher tendency to "rip", forming vacuum or air pockets and rendering the xylem vessel inoperative. Conductivity Pure water is actually an insulator, meaning that it does not conduct electricity well. Because water is such a good solvent, it often has some solute dissolved in it, most frequently salt. If water has such impurities, then it can conduct electricity well. Electrolysis Water can be split into its constituent elements, hydrogen and oxygen, by passing a current through it. This process is called electrolysis. Water molecules naturally disassociate into H+ and OH- ions, which are pulled toward the cathode and anode, respectively. At the cathode, two H+ ions pick up electrons and form H2 gas. At the anode, four OH- ions combine and release O2 gas, molecular water, and four electrons.

The gases produced bubble to the surface, where they can be collected. Reactivity Chemically, water is amphoteric: able to act as an acid or base. Occasionally the term hydroxic acid is used when water acts as an acid in a chemical reaction. At a pH of 7 (neutral), the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) is equal to that of the hydronium (H3O+) or hydrogen ions (H+) ions. If the equilibrium is disturbed, the solution becomes acidic (higher concentration of hydronium ions) or basic (higher concentration of hydroxide ions). Theoretical vs experience In theory, pure water has a pH of 7. In practice, pure water is very difficult to produce. Water left exposed to air for any length of time will rapidly dissolve carbon dioxide, forming a solution of carbonic acid, with a limiting pH of ~5.7. (reference: Kendall, J. (1916), Journal of the American Chemical Society, 38(11), 2460-2466) Purifying water Purified water is needed for many industrial applications, as well as for consumption.

Humans require water that does not contain too much salt or other impurities. Common impurities include chemicals or harmful bacteria. Some solutes are acceptable and even desirable for perceived taste enhancement. Water that is suitable for drinking is termed potable water. Six popular methods for purifying water are: 1. Filtering : Water is passed through a sieve that catches small particles. The tighter the mesh of the sieve, the smaller the particles must be to pass through. Filtering is not sufficient to completely purify water, but it is often a necessary first step, since such particles can interfere with the more thorough purification methods. 2. Boiling: Water is heated to its boiling point long enough to inactivate or kill microorganisms that normally live in water at room temperature. In areas where the water is "hard", (containing dissolved calcium salts), boiling decomposes the bicarbonate ion, resulting in some (but not all) of the dissolved calcium being precipitated in the form of calcium carbonate. this is the so-called "fur" that builds up on kettle elements etc. in hard water areas.

With the exception of calcium, boiling does not remove solutes of higher boiling point than water, and in fact increases their concentration (due to some water being lost as vapour) 3. Carbon filtering: Charcoal, a form of carbon with a high surface area due to its mode of preparation, adsorbs many compounds, including toxic compounds. Water is passed through activated charcoal to remove such contaminants. This method is most commonly used in household water filters and fish tanks. Household filters for drinking water sometimes also contain silver, trace amounts of silver ions having a bactericidal effect. 4. Distilling: Distillation involves boiling the water to produce water vapor. The water vapor then rises to a cooled surface where it can condense back into a liquid and be collected. Because the solutes are not normally vaporized, they remain in the boiling solution. Even distillation does not completely purify water, because of contaminants with similar boiling points and droplets of unvaporized liquid carried with the steam. Still, 99.9% pure water can be obtained by distillation. 5. Reverse osmosis: Mechanical pressure is applied to an impure solution to force pure water through a semi-permeable membrane.

The term is reverse osmosis, because normal osmosis would result in pure water moving in the other direction to dilute the impurities. Reverse osmosis is theoretically the most thorough method of large-scale water purification available, although perfect semi-permable membranes are difficult to create. 6. Ion exchange chromatography: In this case, water is passed through a charged resin column that has side chains that trap calcium, magnesium, and other heavy metal ions. In many laboratories, this method of purification has replaced distillation, as it provides more quickly a high volume of very pure water. Water purified in this way is called deionized water. Wasting Water Wasting water is the abuse of water, i.e. spending it unnecesarily. An example is to dump the river water to the sea and to not allow the use in other places. Also, in homes, water may be wasted if the toilet is flushed unnecessarily. Mythology Water is one of the four classical elements along with fire, earth and air, and was regarded as the ylem, or basic stuff of the universe. Water was considered cold and moist. In the theory of the four bodily humours, water was asssociated with phlegm.

Water was also one of the Chinese five elements along with air, fire, wood, and metal. Water rights and development In the United States water law is divided between two legal doctrines: riparian water rights, used in the eastern and southern states where there is an abundance of water and the appropriation doctrine (or Colorado doctrine) used in the arid western states. UNESCO's World Water Development Report (WWDR, 2003) from its World Water Assessment Program indicates that in the next 20 years the world is facing an unprecedented lack of drinking water. The quantity of water available to everyone is predicted to decrease by 30%. The causes are contamination, global warming and political problems. 40% of the world's inhabitants have insufficient fresh water for minimal hygiene. More than 2.2 million people died in 2000 from illnesses related to the consumption of contaminated water. The report indicates large global disparities in the raw volume of available water: from 10 m³ per person per year in Kuwait to 812.121 [m³?] in French Guiana. However, richer countries such as Kuwait can more easily cope with low water availability.

Telex BBC - Inside Out - West - Super-rats Inside Out You are in: Inside Out > West > Super-rats Have super-rats arrived in the region? Super-rats Scientists are warning that a new breed of poison resistant super-rats may have arrived in the West Country. Inside Out West arranged DNA tests on rats tails collected in both Bristol and Swindon. It's a rat fact - and you've been caught... The bubonic plague first arrived in England through Bristol, carried on the back of black rats. These days England has very few black rats, but plenty of brown rats. Rats can copulate in two seconds. A female rat has approximately five litters a year. Rats reach sexual maturity within 12 weeks, so two rats can produce 2,000 descendants in one year. Rats survive for about a year in the wild but pet rats can live for three years. A group of rats is called a mischief. A mischief can be up to sixty rats large. Brown rats can bite through wood and metal. The black rat's scientific name is Rattus Rattus; the brown rat is Rattus Norvegicus. Rats were worshipped in Ancient Egypt.

2008 is the Chinese year of the rat. Rats cannot vomit. A rat can last longer without water than a camel. It's said that rat-borne diseases have claimed more human lives than all the wars in history. The Boomtown Rats went to number one in the charts with "Rat Trap". Roland Rat is credited as the saviour of TV-AM - the only rat in history to join a sinking ship. The results have confirmed the presence of a gene that helps the rodents to become resistant to conventional poisons. Rats on the increase? Rats are born survivors - one pair can produce 2000 descendants in a year. So far we have fought them with poisons but the news that super-rats may already be here will force the authorities to rethink their strategy. There is some evidence that the rat population is on the increase. Super-rats could be increasing rat numbers. A survey of all the local councils in the West region revealed that three quarters of them have seen a rise in the number of rat call outs.

There are many possible reasons - milder winters, abundant food in compost heaps and the increasing use of bird feeders - but now experts fear that the possible arrival of super-rats could also be a factor. Rubbish collection Swindon Borough Council recently introduced a fortnightly bin collection. Some residents say this isn’t frequent enough and believe the rubbish is another reason why rats have become such an issue Super-rats are resistant to poison. The council deny they’re struggling to get on top of the vermin problem. In fact, the number of call outs to deal with rat infestations in Swindon has decreased over the last three years, although the introduction of charges for treatment could be a factor. Scientists at the University of Huddersfield are studying the super-rat phenomenon. They say that when rats carrying the resistance gene breed, a quarter of their babies may be super-rats. Future problem The results of the tests on rats tails collected from Bristol and Swindon came as a big surprise.

Professor Robert Smith: surprised by test results Professor Robert Smith says, "It’s the first time we’ve found this mutation that far west." In both Swindon and Bristol there are resistance genes which are likely to build up under selection with use of poisons and there may be a problem that’s building up for the future." But the scientists don't have a clear picture of how far the super-rats have infiltrated. Professor Smith admits, "Since the government stopped funding the monitoring of resistance we don’t really know. "All I can tell you is that there are parts of Hampshire where the genes we’re detecting here are very common and where there are real problems controlling rats." So it looks like the West, along with other areas, will be looking for new ways to control the rat population in the future. last updated: 08/08/2008 at 17:30 created: 25/04/2008 did you know rat can last longer than camel without water, RIF[random interesting facts] - YouTube did you know rat can last longer than camel without water, RIF[random interesting facts] Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist.

Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Apr 19, 2016 this is first installment of my series RIF check out my other videos -~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

Question: Which can last longer with out water a camel or a rat?
Answer: Rat