Richard II Plantagenet, King of England (1367 - c.1400) - Genealogy Richard II Plantagenet, King of England Also Known As: in Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire, England Cause of death: Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England Immediate Family: Jan 6 1367 - Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France Death: Feb 14 1400 - Pontefract Castle, West Yorkshire, England Parents: Edward of England, KG, Joan of Kent Wife: Anne Bohemia, Isabelle Valois, Princess Child: half brother About Richard II of England "Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed on 30 September 1399. Richard, a son of Edward, the Black Prince, was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III. Richard was the younger brother of Edward of Angoulême; upon the death of this elder brother, Richard—at four years of age—became second in line to the throne after his father.

Upon the death of Richard's father prior to the death of Edward III, Richard, by primogeniture, became the first in line for the throne. With Edward III's death the following year, Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten. During Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of councils. Most of the aristocracy preferred this to a regency led by the king's uncle, John of Gaunt, yet Gaunt remained highly influential. The first major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381. The young king played a major part in the successful suppression of this crisis. In the following years, however, the king's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent among the influential, and in 1387 control of government was taken over by a group of aristocrats known as the Lords Appellant. By 1389 Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years governed in relative harmony with his former opponents. In 1397, Richard took his revenge on the appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's "tyranny".

In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the king disinherited Gaunt's son, Henry of Bolingbroke, who had previously been exiled. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Claiming initially that his goal was only to reclaim his patrimony, it soon became clear that he intended to claim the throne for himself. Meeting little resistance, Bolingbroke deposed Richard and had himself crowned as King Henry IV. Richard died in captivity in February 1400; he is thought to have been starved to death, though questions remain regarding his final fate. Richard was said to have been tall, good-looking and intelligent. Though probably not insane, as earlier historians used to believe, he may have suffered from what modern psychologists would call a "personality disorder" towards the end of his reign. Less warlike than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War that Edward III had started.

He was a firm believer in the royal prerogative, something which led him to restrain the power of the aristocracy, and to rely on a private retinue for military protection instead; in contrast to the fraternal, martial court of his grandfather, he cultivated a refined atmosphere at his court, in which the king was an elevated figure, with art and culture at the centre. Richard's posthumous reputation has to a large extent been shaped by Shakespeare, whose play Richard II portrayed Richard's misrule and his deposition by Bolingbroke as responsible for the fifteenth century Wars of the Roses. Modern historians do not accept this interpretation, while not exonerating Richard from responsibility for his own deposition. Most authorities agree that, even though his policies were not unprecedented or entirely unrealistic, the way in which he carried them out was unacceptable to the political establishment, and this led to his downfall." ========================================================================= Wikipedia links: ========================================================================= Citations / Sources: [S4] C.F.J. Hankinson, editor, DeBretts Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, 147th year (London, U.K.: Odhams Press, 1949), page 20 . [S6] G.E.

Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume III, page 173. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 116-117.

Richard II of England's Timeline 1367 King of England Richard II , b: 1367 - Bordeaux, France King of England Richard II Born: 6 JAN 1367 - Bordeaux, France Marr: 20 JAN 1382 - Westminster, Palace, London, England Died: 6 JAN 1400 - Pontefract, Castle Richard II of England (1367-1400) | Familypedia | Fandom powered by Wikia Richard II of England (1367-1400) 217,345pages on Richard II King of England 1377-1399 Last of the Plantagenets Send to Kindle Richard II King 1377-1399, the last of the Plantagenets? Richard II reigned 1377 – 1399 as King of England, last of the Plantagenet Period and whilst he started too young and brave confronting peasants revolt early in his reign under the guidance of his Uncle John of Gaunt, his success would be short lived.

Most of us learn as we live longer but the reverse seems to be true of Richard. His avarice and greed consumes his life and once again the King fails to administer with reasonable balance amongst his nobles, the Barons and the outcome is not good. He would be usurped by his own cousin, Henry Bolingbroke and from there would would follow the trouble and strife of civil war in the period known as the War of the Roses . But how does his life end in such a demise and what happens between his privileged birth and its sad conclusion. Follow his timeline and chronology of events with links and a brief narrative scroll below. You can also find out more about the Plantagenets here , and the War of the Roses to help scan the time before Richard and the period after. Click here for the House of Lancaster , House of York and of course the coming of the Tudors . Richard II Timeline Difficult Beginnings Richard II inherited the throne when Edward III’s heir, the Black Prince died following a protracted period of illness before he could inherit. His mother was Joan of Kent, known as the ‘Fair Maid of Kent.’ Richard was still a boy aged just aged 10 years old.

No father, no grandfather and facing an uncertain future as yet another Boy King. 1328 Phillipa of Hainault married Edward III (grandparents to Richard II) 1337 Start of the Hundred Years War Richard’s Uncles, sons of Edward III born: 1340 John of Gaunt, future Duke of Lancaster and father of Henry Bolingbroke (Henry IV) initially a help to Richard in holding on to power subsequently his son usurps Richard. Was this always the plan? Uncle to Richard II and father to Henry IV 1340 Edward III asserted his claim to the French Crown, a familiar cry from an English king and his 4th son John of Gaunt (future Duke of Lancaster) is born Richard’s Uncle 1355 Thomas of Woodstock. future Duke of Gloucester: Richard would conflict with Thomas and would not forgive and forget. 1361 Richard II’s parents marry Edward’s eldest son the Black Prince and Joan of Kent (known as the ‘Fair Maid of Kent’), who was the widow of Sir Thomas Holland and mother of his son also Thomas Holland and later the Earl of Kent and John Holland, later Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter.

Richard II Born in Bordeaux 1367, King in less than 10 Years 1367 Richard II is born in Bordeaux the only son of Joan and Edward the Black Prince. 1369 Richard’s Mother Queen Philippa dies 1374 Marriage of Thomas of Woodstock to Eleanor de Bohun, daughter and co-heiress of the earl of Hereford 1376 – 1377 Richard’s father (The Black Prince) and grandfather (Edward III) die in quick succession. 1377 Richard aged 9 ascends to the throne having lost both his father, grandmother and grandfather in quick succession and with no siblings to help him at hand. His mother is his only living immediate family member and at age 9 he must look quickly to his Uncles if he is to survive his minority. Edward III died 21st June 1377 at Shene Palace (Richmond in Surrey) ‘Parishes: Richmond (anciently Sheen).‘ A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3. Ed. H E Malden. London: Victoria County History, 1911. 533-546.

British History Online. Web. 3 March 2015. John of Gaunt is a powerful regent and provides stable protection for the child king. 1378 Papal schism begins: rival Popes, Urban VI in Rome and Clement VII in Avignon 1380 Both a death and a marriage of some consequence: Marriage of Henry of Bolingbroke, earl of Derby, son of John of Gaunt, to Mary de Bohun, daughter and co-heiress of the earl of Hereford. Her sister is married to his Uncle Thomas of Woodstock. Death of Charles V of France, accession of Charles VI Valois aged twelve, Charles VI suffers a severe mental illness and by 1422 will have given his daughter to Henry V as his wife, together with his French crown, having disowned his own son the Dauphin under the terms of the Treaty of Troyes 1381 Peasants Revolt, Uncharacteristic show of strength by Richard II, when the peasants revolt murdering the Archbishop of Canterbury and Treasurer of England.

1382 Richard II marries Anne of Bohemia, the daughter of Emperor Charles IV and sister of King Wencelas of Bohemia Richard’s Mother dies and he begins to keep the wrong kind of company 1385 Richard’s mother Joan of Kent dies: he has no close kin left alive. No one to reel him in and control his ostentatious lifestyle. 1385 Robert De Vere 9th Earl of Oxford made Marquess of Dublin by Richard, he was a feckless young man and had become a favourite of Richard. It was not that long ago that Edward had become King deposing his own father over such grave errors of patronage. He received further honours in 1387 and would lead Richard’s forces against the Appellant Lords at the Battle of Radcott Bridge. 1386 Richard Makes De Vere Duke of Ireland: a Dukedom was a serious matter normally reserved for members of the Royal line with few exceptions. It was not a popular appointment and was clearly about a personal favouritism and nothing to do with service to the country and kingdom itself.

1386 – 1387 Wonderful Parliament This is led by his uncle Thomas of Woodstock and Richard Earl of Arundel. There are two major reasons for seeking to control the king , his financial extravagance and his policy of making peace with France. They impose a council to restrict and control the King. Richard’s Minister Michael de la Pole was impeached and a commission was established to control the following year’s expenditure and patronage. Richard sought to oppose the decision citing the Royal Prerogative to be able to determine the proceedings as illegal and those involved as traitors. A panel of judges was formed to confer and determine on the Royal Prerogative, their findings leaked and this led to De Vere’s army moving towards London and the subsequent battle. The age old debate back to Magna Carta and before was central to the issue here. The King be subject to God and the Laws of the Land as with all his subjects and judgement by their peers. Parliament November 1387: The Appellant Lords in an unprecedented procedure brought an appeal or accusation of treason against the King’s friends, not the King himself. In effect accusing them of bining the monarchy into disrepute.

It was this that led to those friends unde De Vere raising an army and the Battle of Radcott. Battle of Radcott Bridge 1387: aware that the Lords were rising against Richard’s excesses De Vere was leading an army he had raised to try to get to aid Richard in London. De Vere’s army tried to cross the Thames but was attacked and defeated. De Vere escaped and fled abroad. The defeat destroyed Richard’s ability to resist the Lords Appellants. 1388 ‘Merciless Parliament’: the Lords Appellant Gloucester, Arundel, Thomas, earl of Warwick, Thomas Mowbray, earl of Nottingham, and Henry of Bolingbroke, attack the king’s close advisors, several of whom are executed but whilst Richard suffers humiliation and censure he is not deposed. He narrowly avoids the same fate as Edward II full deposition but fails to learn from his mistake and determines to revenge himself against the Appellants 1389 Richard regains control 1389 Richard II declares himself to be of age and takes charge of government.

John of Gaunt helps him reassert his reign,as loyal Uncle and Councilor (ex-regent) peaceful period maintained for some 8 years.Peace negotiations with France begin. 1393 Westminster Hall rebuilt with a magnificent new roof: the decoration prominently features Richard’s Arms in the decoration and this was unusual but it seems Richard wanted his feat emblazoned with his arms. Richard’s White Hart emblem “The King’s personal emblem, the white hart, was repeated along the Hall’s string course, and the roof was decorated with 26 angels carved out of solid beam. They bore shields carved with the royal arms of the period: the fleur-de-lys of France quartered with the three lions, or leopards, of England.” He also ‘impales’ his arms with the purported arms of Edward the Confessor during this period by about 1395. 1394 Death of His wife and 1st expedition to Ireland Grief and Heartache for Richard when his wife Anne of Bohemia dies suffering from Leprosy. Richard was genuinely so grief stricken that he demolished Sheen Palace, near Richmond in Surrey where she died.

‘Shene’ as it was known was their favourite palace and their arranged marriage was a love-match. The loss was deep and real but the palace would be rebuilt later and monarchs would come and go with their favouring of the rebuilt palace and its significance in their lives. Anne was buried in their joint tomb in Westminster Abbey , and Richard would be buried there much later when Henry V came to the throne. Richard II’s 1st expedition to Ireland In October 1394, he landed at Waterford with a large army, and demanded the submission of all the Irish lords. They submitted and paid homage faced by the overwhelming size of Richard’s forces. Richard failed to resolve most issues in ireland but in ENgland his expedition was viewed as a success. 1395 Richard II makes the arrogant decision to impale his arms with the supposed ‘arms of Edward the Confessor: 1396 Richard makes a 28 year truce with france, Appeasement his preferred route but at what cost?

100 Years War has rumbled on but Richard calls a truce and yet another French marriage takes place to Isabelle the elder sister of Catherine of Valois who would later marry Henry V under the arrangements of the Treaty of Troyes. The difficulty was that she was just 7 years old at this time. There was a Meeting between Richard II and Charles VI of France at Ardres, near Calais. Twenty-eight year truce sealed. Richard marries Isabelle born 1389, eldest daughter of Charles VI and Isabeau of Bavaria. Isabelle brings a sumptuous trousseau. 1396 Charter for York with status as a County ‘The later middle ages: The city’s franchise and officers.’ A History of the County of York: the City of York. Ed. P M Tillott. London: Victoria County History, 1961. 69-75. British History Online. Web. 3 March 2015. 1397 Richard wreaks havoc and terrible revenge known as the ‘Revenge Parliament.’ With war over Richard acts from what he perceives a position of strength and seeks to make the crown independent of the Commons, possibly a fatal mistake?

Richard attacks the Lords Appellant of 1388 Duke of Gloucester (his father’s brother) and the Earl of Arundel is executed. Arundel’s brother Archbishop of Canterbury and the Earl of Warwick are exiled. Henry Bolingbroke and Mowbray are pardoned, with the connection to his Uncle John of Gaunt. In exacting revenge Richard has also seized the forfeited lands and wealth whilst he is indeed a very wealthy king he had dispossessed more than a third of the noble families of the kingdom and hounded to death his old enemies and most heinous murdered his own uncle Thomas of Woodstock, like John of Gaunt a son of Edward III. Not ideal actions for a King who needs to keep a fair proportion of his barons on his side. 1398 Mowbray and Bolingbroke fall out and seek a duel both exiled: Richard II forbids the duel and they are both exiled. Mowbray dies in Venice what will transpire for Henry Bolingbroke son of John of Gaunt the wealthy Duke of Lancaster? 1399 John of Gaunt dies and Richard seizes his estates with Bolingbroke still in exile.

Hardly a reasonable action for the one Uncle who had stuck by him and now perhaps a fatal error as this would add fire and fuel to Henry’s motivation to come back and fight for the reinstatement of his birthright to the richest estate apart from the kings, the Duchy of Lancaster. This estate had been his mother’s and inherited by his father through marriage. It made the holder of the estate one of the most powerful men in the land. Whether Henry Bolingbroke comes back to seize the Duchy or the Crown of England is open to debate amongst historians but his return is not good news for Richard. Richard decides to make a 2nd expedition to Ireland and leaves the country having upset many noble families and made them suffer he does not anticipate that whilst away his Crown he will be usurped. Second expedition of Richard II to Ireland. It will be another failure and he manages to lose 2 armies in the matter of a few weeks in Conway. Bolingbroke lands at Ravenspur in Yorkshire and claims the crown of England having worked with the Percys their usurpation is almost unopposed, no one of substance or means wants favours Richard II as king any more.

1399 Henry IV,King of England, Usurper of Richard II, Henry Bolingbroke, grandson of Edward III by John of Gaunt and his wife Katherine Swynsford (former mistress, subsequently legitimised by marriage and royal assent) but could be disputed, is now King of England. It is from this usurpation that the House of Lancaster a branch of Edward III’s (Plantagenet) family becomes known due to the Duchy of Lancaster as the House of Lancaster 1399-1400 Richard returned to England and was captured and deposed and dies either of starvation or murdered. Initially he is held in Ponefract Castle, technically still an anointed King, Henry would have been politically aware of the ramifications of murdering/executing a King as well as the religious and spiritual. 1400-1402 Richard II dies in Pontefract Castle: But what do you do with an ex-King when a plot to free him is a possibility and becomes more than rumour? One way or another Richard dies. His body remained at Kings Langley but is later moved and reburied by Henry V at Westminster abbey.

Isabelle was returned to France with the valuables of her trousseau. A generous move by Henry IV given the ruthless times and perhaps at that stage having just taken the throne an attempt to let matters settle before engaging in conflict with France. Intriguing Objects Made by Richard II An horary quadrant enables the user to tell the time from the height of the sun in the British Museum dated around 1398. Objects and sources that help us determine the history of Richard II and his demise: British Library Historiated (decorated) Order Book of Richard II in British Library Collection . William Shakespeare, an undoubted genius, but his History Plays, ironically are not history and too often popular images and perspectives on monarchs are really founded in this work of fiction. It is of course beautifully written but soundbites from Shakespeare are not history but in effect one literary author’s own spin that was fixed to suit the politics and perspective of the Elizabethan environment in which he writes. For the full text, certainly worthy of a read and some reflection but as with all history its written with much bias and a particular perspective.

The wrong words could have put the authors life at risk with the Queen, somewhat more serious than just a bad review or two… Here is the MIT version of the full text of Shakespeare’s Richard II but you can download from free also on the Internet Archive lovely 1901 Edition here and the Gutenberg Project Richard II . All of which are excellent and free. Richard II’s Will was retained and locked away by Henry IV and his son, strange that it should be retained and not destroyed in the circumstances. Ruthless times but an intriguing outcome given it might contain sensitive information. If it was not threat why was it locked away but thats for our later Lancastrian considerations but you can read it on this link and it gives some insight into what the deposed King was thinking if he should die. A Postscript on Richard II’s life last of the Plantagenet Kings Richard was another boy King, who inherited the throne having lost his grandfather and father within a year of each other. Guided by wise counsel of his father’s brothers most notably John of Gaunt he showed early promise with bravery confronting the Peasants Revolt of 1381.

His marriage was a happy one until his queen was lost to the plague or leprosy when he was grief stricken. But his extravagance would prove his undoing and lead his barons to rise-up to censure his government. He would have his revenge but it would cost him his life ultimately. What did he achieve in his lifetime? Most notably and of benefit to us all today was his new roof for Westminster Hall. However the heraldic decorations were really another egotistic flourish as he plastered his arms all over the design. When John of Gaunt dies and Richard cannot resist seizing his fortune and lands, the rift is beyond mending and the house of Lancaster comes to the fore as Henry Bolingbroke who may have started looking for just his birthright gets carried along with the moment and grasps the kingdon along his way. With no children to inherit or challenge Richard II marks more with a whimper than a bang the end of the Plantagenet era but not of the family. From here would spring the war of the Roses, a period in which more families lives would be decimated by the loss of a generation.

It is a period that drags on and caused the decimation of society in England in a way that would not be seen again, on such a scale until Wold War 1. Given the power, wealth and opportunity not much is achieved that changes England for the better during his lifetime. There is little to observe that warrants the sympathy Richard sometimes evokes from historians. These were brutal times but perhaps his 28 year truce with France should be more valued although at the time it was seen as a failing. war was commerce, business and about wealth creation, expansion and building a line of succession. In accordance with the values of his time, Richard’s life caused trouble and strife, he seems to have similar traits to those of his great-grandfather Edward II and again whilst he technically abdicates in reality he was deposed. Not much of a testimony to his father either, Richard II seems at first glance to be a poor reflection of the Black Prince born to be King but dying before his father. The Last of the Plantagenet Kings?

When you take a look as we will when we consider the life reign and family tree of Edward III, its obvious these were branches of the same family, not really different dynasties, the change of names of the Houses representing the branches and connections specifically the lines via John of Gaunt and Henry IV (Lancastrians) and Yorks via Richard 1st Duke of York . The consequences of this family rift would of course be profound in shaping the future of England. Richard II is the end of a branch of the Edward III tree but the Plantagenet Blood as we know or thought we did would course in all their veins , or maybe not? Recent genetic research suggests their is a break in Richard III’s line of inheritance but it could be anywhere back in a sequence of patrimonial links over 8 generations. Will we ever really know by science alone whether the Plantagenets and Yorks were ever really one family…Hence we can at least hypothesise that really the family known as the Plantagenets continues across many bloodlines and if you are interested take an old copy used to be online showing many generations into the 20th century at least, if you find it please do let us know.

Will check the archives and see what we can, pardon the pun, dig-up. Birth of Chaucers son Thomas 1367 Richard of Bordeaux later - ENG - 204 View Full Document Birth of Chaucer's son, Thomas. 1367 Richard of Bordeaux, later Richard II, is born in January. He is the second and only surviving son of Edward, the Black Prince (eldest son of Edward III). The Black Prince supports Pedro of Castile in the battle of Najera. The King addresses Parliament for the the first time in English. c. 1367-1370 Chaucer translates parts of Romaunt of the Rose . He also writes poetry in French. 1368 Chaucer writes the Book of the Duchess about the death of Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster. 1368 Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, dies in September. She was the first wife of John of Gaunt, who is the third son of Edward III. 1369 Chaucer travels to Northern France and serves in the army of John of Gaunt. 1369 Assassination of Pedro of Castile. Renewal of the war with France.

Queen Philippa dies in August 1369. 1370 Chaucer travels to the Continent (France probably) on the King's service. 1370 Sack of Limoges in the final campaign of the Black Prince. Birth of John Lydgate, admirer and imitator of Geoffrey Chaucer. 1368-1372 Chaucer writes "Fragment A" of the Romaunt of the Rose , probably many poems in French and English, now lost, and such poems as The Complaint unto Pity and The Complaint to His Lady . 1370 c. 1370 This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document Chaucer again serves with the army in France. Katherine Swynford becomes the mistress of John of Gaunt. 1371 John of Gaunt marries Constanza (Constance) of Castile, daughter of Pedro of Castile. c.

1372-1377 Chaucer writes the poems later adapted as the Second Nun's Tale and the Monk's Tale in The Canterbury Tales 1372 Chaucer's wife Philippa in service in the household of John of Gaunt's wife. 1372 Chaucer travels to Italy on a diplomatic mission. He goes to Genoa to establish an English port for Genoese trade and to Florence to negotiate a loan for the King. 1374 Chaucer is appointed Controller of the Customs for hides, skins and wool in the port of London; he is granted a lease on a dwelling above Aldgate. 1374 Death of Petrarch. 1374 Chaucer is granted a pitcher of wine daily by the King. John of Gaunt grants Chaucer an annuity of 10 pounds. 1375 Both Chaucer and Otho de Graunson receive grants from John of Gaunt. (Otho de Graunson is a French knight and poet on whose poems Chaucer drew for his Complaint of Venus ). 1375 Death of Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian poet.

1376-1377 Several journeys to France and Flanders to negotiate for peace and the marriage of Richard with a French princess. 1376 The Black Prince dies in June. 1377 Edward III dies in June. Accession of Richard II, aged 10 1377 Pope Gregory XI condemns doctrines of John Wycliffe. However, the lollard movement grows. 1378 Chaucer travels to Italy Milan on a diplomatic mission. John Gower and Richard Forester have Chaucer's power of attorney while he travels abroad. 1378 The "Great Schism": rival Popes in Rome (Urban) and Avignon. First mystery plays in York. 1378 Richard II confirms Edwars III's annuity of 20 pounds and establishes a second annuity of 20 pounds. 1378-1380 William Langland revises Piers Plowman (the 'B'-text). c. 1378-1381 Chaucer writes Saint Cecelia , The House of Fame , Anelida and Arcite and Palamon and Arcite later adapted as The Knight's Tale .

This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Writing a Literary Analysis What Is Literary Analysis? Itsliterary. Itsananalysis. It Lit Anal PwrPt.ppt Edward, the Black Prince (1330-1376) and Richard II The Black Prince Larger image (44KB) Edward, prince of Wales (1330-1376), known from Tudor times as the Black Prince, was the oldest son of Edward III and of Philippa of Hainault . He is remembered as a great war captain. At Crécy in 1346, when he was only sixteen, he fought very gallantly alongside his father. At Poitiers in 1356, he won his greatest victory, capturing the French king, Jean II, and his rich baggage. At Nájera in Castile in 1367 the Black Prince defeated Henry of Trastamara, who had usurped the throne of his half-brother, Pedro 'the Cruel'. Froissart described the Black Prince as the flower of chivalry.

To his biographer, Chandos Herald, he was 'the perfect root of all honour and nobleness, of wisdom, valour and largesse'. Marriage, Aquitaine and death In 1361 the Black Prince married Joan of Kent . Substantial sums were spent on dress and jewels. The next year he was invested with the duchy of Aquitaine and in 1363 the prince and princess left together for Bordeaux. Their court was reported to be magnificent. The birth of their elder son, Edward (1365-71), was celebrated with splendid tournaments at Angoulême. Richard, the second son, was born at Bordeaux in 1367. The Black Prince's love of luxury and autocratic manner aroused hostility in Aquitaine. He contracted a serious illness in Spain, perhaps dysentery. By 1370, when he besieged and sacked Limoges, he was already an invalid. He returned to England in 1371 and died after a long illness on 8 June 1376.

Effigy and armour Larger image (32KB) In his will, drawn up on his deathbed at Westminster Palace on 7 June, the Black Prince left detailed instructions for his funeral, tomb and epitaph. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral as he had wished, but in the Trinity Chapel, not in the chantry chapel he had founded in the crypt, as he had specified. His tomb was completed early in Richard II's reign. The gilded copper effigy of the prince in armour is similar in style to Edward III's effigy in Westminster Abbey (see Edward III ). It lies on a Purbeck marble tomb chest, probably attributable to Henry Yevele. The wooden tester (canopy) above the effigy is painted on the underside with a Throne of Mercy Trinity, surrounded by the four evangelists. As ordained in the prince's will, the marble tomb chest was surrounded by twelve escutcheons (shields bearing coats of arms), six of his arms and six of his ostrich plume badge. Badge of ostrich plumes The only specific bequests in the prince's will to his son Richard were sets of rich hangings, some worked with his ostrich plume badge.

Richard was also left an unspecified amount of silver vessels 'suitable to his estate, according to the advice of our executors'. No doubt some objects listed in the inventory had belonged to the Black Prince and had passed to Richard either soon after the Black Prince's death or after the death in 1385 of his mother, Joan of Kent , but there is no sure means of identifying them. It is possible, however, that belts with ostrich plumes came from the prince or from his wife. A sword decorated with ostrich plumes, stated to have belonged to the Black Prince, was among objects pledged by Henry V in 1415 to guarantee the wages of one of his war captains for the expedition which led to the battle of Agincourt. This is not one of the swords listed in the Richard II treasure roll. 441 Item, [un] autre ceinture d'or, la tisseu noir garnise ove plumes d'ostrichez et petitz sonettez d'or, poisant xv unc' et di., dont la somme, xviij li. xxd.

[Item, another gold belt, the black strap garnished with ostrich plumes and little gold bells, weighing 15 ½ oz., total, £18 1s. 8d.] King of England Richard II, horoscope for birth date 6 January 1367 Jul.Cal. (14 Jan 1367 greg.), born in Bordeaux, with Astrodatabank biography - Astro-Databank King of England Richard II Biography British royalty, the successor of his grandfather, Edward II, when he was six months old. He declared himself of age on 5/03/1389 at age twelve and for the next eight years ruled as a moderate constitutional monarch. When his first wife died, Richard II married the French king's daughter Isabella in 1396 and he appeared to adopt the French manners, customs and tastes. In July 1399, while he was on a visit to Ireland, there was a coup when one of his nobles landed an army in England, and upon his return Richard was imprisoned in the Tower of London, 8/19/1399.

On September 20, he was forced to resign the Crown and he died in prison, assassinated on 2/14/1400. Relationships spouse relationship with Isabel de Valois, Queen (born 9 November 1389 Jul.Cal. (17 Nov 1389 greg.)) homicide victim relationship with Thomas of Woodstock (born 4 January 1355 Jul.Cal. (12 Jan 1355 greg.)) Events chart Placidus Equal_H. Source Notes Martin Harvey, Astrology Journal Winter/1967, "from records of the King's secretary, January 6, 1366/67 OS at ten of the clocke in the morning." LMR quotes Harold F.

Hutchinson, John Day Co, NY 1961, p.3, "Born at three o'clock on the morning of the twelfth day, Wednesday, Jan 6, 1367, in the abbey of Bordeaux." However; the footnote reads, "See Froissart, who was present, in his Chronicles (Globe Edition), Macmillan 1913,165; but on 472 he says the birth was at 10 o'clock on Tuesday morning." In his earlier account, he remembered that it was a Wednesday morning. (Dana Holliday has the same date, 8:00 AM from a biography. In Modern Astrology, 3/1937, Wemyss gave 4/13/1366. Categories BBC - History - Historic Figures: Richard II (1367 - 1400) Historic Figures z Richard II © Richard was Plantagenet king of England from 1377 to 1399 and was usurped by Henry IV.

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux, the son of Edward, the Black Prince and grandson of Edward III. Richard's father died in 1376 and his grandfather the following year, making Richard king at the age of 10. The country was ruled largely by his uncle, John of Gaunt. The first crisis of Richard's reign was the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. The young king bravely rode out to meet the rebels, who were led by Wat Tyler. Tyler was killed and the revolt crushed. As Richard began to take control of government himself, he built a group of unpopular favourites. His request for money to fight in France prompted parliament to demand the dismissal of these favourites. Richard's refusal provoked parliament into impeaching his chancellor, the Earl of Suffolk, and creating a commission to oversee the king's activities. When Richard declared these measures treasonable, parliament and his opponents retaliated in 1388 by outlawing his closest friends, some of whom were executed. Richard appeared defeated and submitted to the demands of the five 'Lords Appellant'. For eight years Richard worked in apparent harmony with Gaunt and the Lords Appellant.

Yet he was waiting for revenge. He gradually formed a second, stronger royalist party. In 1397, he arrested and tried three of the appellants. Arundel was convicted of treason and executed, Warwick was banished and Gloucester imprisoned and murdered. Richard was granted revenues for life and the powers of parliament were delegated to a committee. In September 1398, a quarrel between two former appellants, Gaunt's son Henry Bolingbroke and Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, gave the king another opportunity for revenge and he banished them both. When Gaunt died in February 1399, Richard confiscated the vast Lancastrian estates, which would have passed to Bolingbroke. In May, Richard left to campaign in Ireland. Bolingbroke invaded England and rallied both noble and popular support. Returning to England in August, Richard surrendered without a fight. In September, he abdicated and Bolingbroke ascended the throne as Henry IV. In October, Richard was imprisoned in Pontefract Castle, where he died four months later.

Richard II, King of England (1367-1400) Search RICHARD II, King of England, younger son of Edward the Black Prince by Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent," was born at Bordeaux on the 6th of January 1367. He was brought to England in 1371, and after his father's death was, on the petition of the Commons in parliament, created Prince of Wales on the 10th of November 1376. When Edward III died, on the 21st of June 1377, Richard became king. Popular opinion had credited John of Gaunt with designs on the throne. This was not justified; nevertheless, the rivalry of the boyking's uncles added another to the troubles due to the war, the Black Death and the prospect of a long minority. At first the government was conducted by a council appointed by parliament. The council was honest, but the difficulties of the situation were too great. The ill-considered poll-tax of 1381 was the occasion, though not the real cause, of the Peasants' Revolt in that year.

The ministers were quite unequal to the crisis, and when Wat Tyler and his followers got possession of London, it was Richard who showed a precocious tact and confidence in handling it. It was the boyking who met and temporized with the rebels on the 13th of June at Mile End, and again next day at Smithfield; and he who, with courageous presence of mind, saved the situation when Tyler was killed, by calling on them to take him for their leader. From this time Richard began to assert himself. His chief ministers, appointed by parliament in 1382, were the Earl of Arundel and Michael de la Pole . Arundel Richard disliked, and dismissed next year, when he began his personal government. Pole, whom he retained as Chancellor and made Earl of Suffolk, was a well-chosen adviser. But others, and especially his youthful favourite Robert de Vere , promoted by unheard-of honour to be Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland, were less worthy. Further, Richard made his own position difficult by lavish extravagance and unseemly outbursts of temper. He chafed under the restraint of his relatives, and therefore encouraged John of Gaunt in his Spanish enterprise.

This gave the less scrupulous Thomas of Gloucester his opportunity. Gloucester, supported by Arundel, attacked his nephew's ministers in the parliament of 1386, and by open hints at deposition forced Richard to submit to a council of control. When Richard, with the aid of his friends and by the advice of subservient judges, planned a reversal of the parliament, Gloucester, at the head of the so-called Lords Appellant , anticipated him. Richard had been premature and ill-advised. Gloucester had the advantage of posing as the head of the constitutional party. The king's friends were driven into exile or executed, and he himself forced to submit to the loss of all real power (May 1388). Richard changed his methods, and when the lords appellant had lost credit, asserted himself constitutionally by dismissing Gloucester's supporters from office, and appointing in their place well-approved men like William of Wykeham. In the next parliament of 1390 the king showed himself ready to meet and conciliate his subjects. The simultaneous return of John of Gaunt from Spain put a check on Gloucester's ambition. For seven years Richard ruled constitutionally and on the whole well.

The opposition was quiescent except for two outbreaks by Arundel: the first was a violent attack on John of Gaunt, which rather strengthened Richard's position; the second was a wanton insult to the king at the funeral of his queen. In January 1383 Richard had married Anne of Bohemia (1366-1394), daughter of the emperor Charles IV. The marriage, though childless, was happy; had Anne lived or borne a son the course of events might have been different. Her death on the 7th of June 1394 was a great shock to Richard, and incidentally had important consequences. Richard sought distraction by an expedition to Ireland, the first visit of an English king for more than two centuries. In his policy there he showed a wise statesmanship. At the same time he was negotiating for a permanent peace with France, which was finally arranged in October 1396 to include his own marriage with Isabella, daughter of Charles VI, a child of seven. Gloucester criticized the peace openly, and there was some show of opposition in the parliament of February 1397.

But there was nothing to foreshadow the sudden stroke by which, in July 1397, Richard arrested Gloucester and his chief supporters, the Earls of Arundel and Warwick. The others of the five Lords Appellant, Henry of Bolingbroke afterwards King Henry IV , and the Earl of Nottingham , now supported the king. Richard's action was apparently in deliberate revenge for the events of 1387-88. Gloucester, after a forced confession, died in prison at Calais, smothered by his nephew's orders. Arundel in a packed parliament was condemned and executed; his brother Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury was exiled. The king's friends, including Nottingham and Bolingbroke, made Dukes of Norfolk and Hereford, were all promoted in title and estate. Richard himself was rewarded for ten years' patience by the possession of absolute power. He might perhaps have established it if he could have exercised it with moderation. But he declared that the laws of England were in his mouth, and supported his court in wanton luxury by arbitrary methods of taxation. By the exile of Norfolk and Hereford in September 1398 he seemed to have removed the last persons he need fear.

He was so confident that in May 1399 he paid a second visit to Ireland, taking with him all his most trusted adherents. Thus when Henry landed at Ravenspur in July he found only half-hearted opposition, and when Richard himself returned it was too late. Ultimately Richard surrendered to Henry at Flint on the 19th of August, promising to abdicate if his life was spared. He was taken to London riding behind his rival with indignity. On the 30th of September he signed in the Tower a deed of abdication, wherein he owned himself insufficient and useless, reading it first aloud with a cheerful mien and ending with a request that his cousin would be good lord to him. The parliament ordered that Richard should be kept close prisoner, and he was sent secretly to Pontefract. There in February 1400 he died: no doubt of the rigour of his winter imprisonment, rather than by actual murder as alleged in the story adopted by Shakespeare. The mystery of Richard's death led to rumours that he had escaped, and an impostor pretending to be Richard lived during many years under the protection of the Scottish government.

But no doubt it was the real Richard who was buried without state in 1400 at King's Langley, and honourably reinterred by Henry V at Westminster in 1413. Richard II is a character of strange contradictions. It is difficult to reconcile the precocious boy of 1381 with the wayward and passionate youth of the next few years. Even if it be supposed that he dissembled his real opinions during the period of his constitutional rule, it is impossible to believe that the apparent indifference which he showed in his fall was the mere acting of a part. His violent outbursts of passion perhaps give the best clue to a mercurial and impulsive nature, easily elated and depressed. He had real ability, and in his Irish policy, and in the preference which he gave to it over continental adventure, showed a statesmanship in advance of his time. But this, in spite of his lofty theory of kingship, makes it all the more difficult to explain his extravagant bearing in his prosperity. His fall was due to the triumph of national right over absolute government, but it was his personal conduct which made it inevitable. In appearance Richard was tall and handsome, if effeminate.

He had some literary tastes, which were shown in fitful patronage of Chaucer , Gower and Froissart. His fancy for splendid dress may have been due to an artistic sense, which found better expression in his great buildings of Westminster Hall and Abbey. Richard's second queen, Isabella (1389-1409), was born in Paris on the 9th of November 1389, and was married to the English king at Calais in October, or November, 1396, but on account of the bride's youth the marriage was never consummated. When Richard lost his crown in 1399 Isabella was captured by Henry IV's partisans and sent to Sonning, near Reading, while her father, Charles VI, asked in vain for the restoration of his daughter and of her dowry. In 1401 she was allowed to return to France; in 1406 she became the wife of the poet, Charles, Duke of Orleans, and she died on the 13th of September 1409. Excerpted from: Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Ed. Vol XXIII.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1910. 297. Other Local Resources:

Question: Which English king was born in Bordeaux in 1367?
Answer: RICHARD II