Anne Frank - World War II - HISTORY.com Google Anne Frank’s Childhood Anne Frank was born Anneliese Marie Frank in Frankfurt, Germany, on June 12, 1929, to Edith Hollander Frank (1900-45) and Otto Frank (1889-1980), a prosperous businessman. Less than four years later, in January 1933, Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany and he and his Nazi government instituted a series of measures aimed at persecuting Germany’s Jewish citizens. Did You Know? In 1960, the building at Prinsengracht 263, home to the Secret Annex, opened to the public as a museum devoted to the life of Anne Frank. Her original diary is on display there. By the fall of 1933, Otto Frank moved to Amsterdam, where he established a small but successful company that produced a gelling substance used to make jam. After staying behind in Germany with her grandmother in the city of Aachen, Anne joined her parents and sister Margot (1926-45) in the Dutch capital in February 1934.

In 1935, Anne started school in Amsterdam and earned a reputation as an energetic, popular girl. In May 1940, the Germans, who had entered World War II in September of the previous year, invaded the Netherlands and quickly made life increasingly restrictive and dangerous for Jewish people there. Between the summer of 1942 and September 1944, the Nazis and their Dutch collaborators deported more than 100,000 Jews in Holland to extermination camps. Anne Frank’s Family Goes into Hiding In early July 1942, after Margot Frank received a letter ordering her to report to a work camp in Germany, Anne Frank’s family went into hiding in an attic apartment behind Otto Frank’s business, located at Prinsengracht 263 in Amsterdam. In an effort to avoid detection, the family left a false trail suggesting they’d fled to Switzerland.

A week after they had gone into hiding, the Franks were joined by Otto’s business associate Hermann van Pels (1898-1944), along with his wife Auguste (1900-45) and their son Peter (1926-45), who were also Jewish. A small group of Otto Frank’s employees, including his Austrian-born secretary, Miep Gies (1909-2010), risked their own lives to smuggle food, supplies and news of the outside world into the secret apartment, whose entrance was situated behind a movable bookcase. In November 1942, the Franks and Van Pels were joined by Fritz Pfeffer (1889-1944), Miep Gies’ Jewish dentist. Life for the eight people in the small apartment, which Anne Frank referred to as the Secret Annex, was tense. The group lived in constant fear of being discovered and could never go outside. They had to remain quiet during daytime in order to avoid detection by the people working in the warehouse below.

Anne passed the time, in part, by chronicling her observations and feelings in a diary she had received for her 13th birthday, a month before her family went into hiding. Addressing her diary entries to an imaginary friend she called Kitty, Anne Frank wrote about life in hiding, including her impressions of the other inhabitants of the Secret Annex, her feelings of loneliness and her frustration over the lack of privacy. While she detailed typical teenage issues such as crushes on boys, arguments with her mother and resentments toward her sister, Frank also displayed keen insight and maturity when she wrote about the war, humanity and her own identity. She also penned short stories and essays during her time in hiding. The Franks are Captured by the Nazis On August 4, 1944, after 25 months in hiding, Anne Frank and the seven others in the Secret Annex were discovered by the Gestapo, the German secret state police, who had learned about the hiding place from an anonymous tipster (who has never been definitively identified). After their arrest, the Franks, Van Pels and Fritz Pfeffer were sent by the Gestapo to Westerbork, a holding camp in the northern Netherlands.

From there, in September 1944, the group was transported by freight train to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination and concentration camp complex in German-occupied Poland. Anne and Margot Frank were spared immediate death in the Auschwitz gas chambers and instead were sent to Bergen-Belsen, a concentration camp in northern Germany. In March 1945, the Frank sisters died of typhus at Bergen-Belsen; their bodies were thrown into a mass grave. Several weeks later, on April 15, 1945, British forces liberated the camp. Edith Frank died of starvation at Auschwitz in January 1945. Hermann van Pels died in the gas chambers at Auschwitz soon after his arrival there in 1944; his wife is believed to have likely died at the Theresienstadt concentration camp in what is now the Czech Republic in the spring of 1945. Peter van Pels died at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria in May 1945. Fritz Pfeffer died from illness in late December 1944 at the Neuengamme concentration camp in Germany.

Anne Frank’s father, Otto, was the only member of the group to survive; he was liberated from Auschwitz by Soviet troops on January 27, 1945. Anne Frank’s Diary When Otto Frank returned to Amsterdam following his release from Auschwitz, Miep Gies gave him five notebooks and some 300 loose papers containing Anne’s writings. Gies had recovered the materials from the Secret Annex shortly after the Franks’ arrest by the Nazis and had hidden them in her desk. (Margot Frank also kept a diary, but it was never found.) Otto Frank knew that Anne wanted to become an author or journalist, and had hoped her wartime writings would one day be published. Anne had even been inspired to edit her diary for posterity after hearing a March 1944 radio broadcast from an exiled Dutch government official who urged the Dutch people to keep journals and letters that would help provide a record of what life was like under the Nazis. After his daughter’s writings were returned to him, Otto Frank helped compile them into a manuscript that was published in the Netherlands in 1947 under the title “Het Acheterhuis” (“Rear Annex”). Although U.S.

publishers initially rejected the work as too depressing and dull, it was eventually published in America in 1952 as “The Diary of a Young Girl.” The book, which went on to sell tens of millions of copies worldwide, has been labeled a testament to the indestructible nature of the human spirit. It is required reading at schools around the globe and has been adapted for the stage and screen. Tags Anne Frank House, Amsterdam, Netherlands | Halsbury Travel Ltd One of the most popular and poignant visits in Amsterdam; this unremarkable building is where Anne Frank and seven members of her family hid during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands and where she wrote most of her famous diary. History Trips The Nazis & the Holocaust - A trip to WW2 Dutch battlefields evokes a powerful picture of the time 4 days/3 nights from £195 View » New One of the most popular and poignant visits in Amsterdam; this unremarkable building is where Anne Frank and seven members of her family hid during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, and is where she wrote most of her famous diary.

Students are challenged to ask questions such as “choices made”, “helping” and “persecution” when looking at the Frank family’s story. Working with teaching aids specifically developed for each age range which include historic pictures and a concise timeline pupils learn about Anne Frank, the Second World War and the persecution of the Jews. The programme can be adapted for different levels and age ranges in secondary education. Leisure & Tourism Trips A school leisure and tourism trip to Amsterdam gives students insight into the variety of tourist attractions that this exciting city o... 3 days/2 nights from £139 View » New One of the most popular and poignant visits in Amsterdam; this unremarkable building is where Anne Frank and seven members of her family hid during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, and is where she wrote most of her famous diary. Students are challenged to ask questions when looking at the Frank family’s story. Teaching aids include historic pictures and a concise timeline, helping students to learn about Anne Frank, the Second World War and the persecution of the Jews. The programme can be adapted for different levels and age ranges in secondary education. Music Trips Explore the rich culture of a unique part of Europe!

Situated close to the capital, Amsterdam, Noordwijk offers visitors the perfect co... 4 days/3nights from £232 View » New One of the most popular and poignant visits in Amsterdam; this unremarkable building is where Anne Frank and seven members of her family hid during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands and where she wrote most of her famous diary. Religious Studies Trips Amsterdam is a truly diverse city with a great mixture of cultures and history. Popular visits on an RE Tour include Anne Frank’s... 4 days/3 nights from £195 View » New One of the most popular and poignant visits in Amsterdam; this unremarkable building is where Anne Frank and seven members of her family hid during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands and where she wrote most of her famous diary. Science Trips Let your students experience science outside of the classroom with a visit to the Netherlands. Located in Noordwijk on the Dutch Coast... 4 Days/3 Nights from £199 View » New One of the most popular and poignant visits in Amsterdam; this unremarkable building is where Anne Frank and seven members of her family hid during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands and where she wrote most of her famous diary.

The Nazis & the Holocaust Trips Anne Frank House - An afternoon at the Anne Frank House Museum cold, but sunny, winter’s afternoon when we visited the Anne Frank House, something we had always wanted to do since reading Anne Frank’s famous war time diary which she wrote in this very house, whilst hiding from the Nazis during World War II. We had been told that this was a very popular attraction and likely to attract large queues, luckily it wasn’t too bad and we were inside after about ten minutes. From the outside, overlooking the picturesque Prinsengracht Canal, the house resembles an authentic Amsterdam abode, with large windows decorating the façade. The ground floor entrance, once the dispatch entrance for Otto Frank’s spice company, is adorned with pictures of the Frank family and is where the journey begins. Short films depict the appalling conditions of the concentration camps where Jewish families were sent, artefacts and personal belongings are also on show to create a picture of what life was like during these times. A typical, steep staircase leads to the next floor which was previously the offices of the business and where the helpers of the family worked.

The offices have been carefully restored to how they would look during the 1940s, adding to the historic feel of the house. The secret annex, the main focal point of the museum and where Anne Frank, her sister Margot, Mother Edith and Father Otto, together with the 3 members of the van Pels family and Fritz Pfeffer hid away, is to the rear of the building and accessible via a removable bookcase which masks its entrance. Concealed by houses on each of its four sides, which aided the hiding place, the secret annex is a small, cramped space which highlights just how difficult life must have been for the families who spent just over 2 years there, trying to avoid persecution from the Nazis. It is here where Anne Frank wrote her iconic diary, which she was given as a present for her thirteenth birthday. Her diary is now famous all over the world and has been translated into more than 60 different languages, selling over 30 million copies. exploring the house, we enjoyed an afternoon snack in the museum’s delightful café where we reflected upon the educational, and at times very moving, journey we had just undertaken.

Before exiting the museum, we made time to visit the bookshop and also marvel at the Academy Award (won by Shelly Winters for her portrayal of a character in the ‘Diary of Anne Frank) which proudly sits in a display cabinet for everyone to see. Our experience of the Anne Frank House Museum was one which we thoroughly enjoyed and has created a lasting impression upon us. We also found that ticket prices were very reasonable and offered great value for money. We would advise visitors to book online to avoid the queues – more information can be found at Anne Frank Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.com ( info • help ) ; 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt am Main – early March 1945 in Bergen-Belsen ) is one of the most famous Jewish people who died in the Holocaust . [2] Her diary is seen as a classic in war literature, and is one of the most widely read books today. Several plays and movies have been made about it. Anne was born in the city Frankfurt am Main in Weimar Germany . She lived most of her life in or around Amsterdam , in the Netherlands . She was officially seen as a German until 1941.

This was when she lost her nationality because of the anti-Semitic rules of Nazi Germany . She became famous around the world after her death when her diary was printed. It showed her experiences hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II . The Frank family moved from Germany to Amsterdam in 1933. This was the same year as the Nazis grew powerful in Germany . By the beginning of 1940, because of the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, they were trapped in Amsterdam. Persecution of Jewish people increased in July 1942, and the family decided to hide. They hid in the secret rooms of her father Otto Frank 's office building. After two years, they were betrayed and taken to concentration camps . Anne and her sister, Margot , were later taken to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. There, they both died from typhus in March 1945. Otto Frank was the only person in his family who survived. He went back to Amsterdam after the war and found that Anne's diary had been saved. He helped print it in 1947. It was translated from Dutch and first printed in English in 1952 as The Diary of a Young Girl.

It has been translated into many languages. The diary had been given to Anne on her 13th birthday . It tells of her life from 12 June 1942 until 1 August 1944. Contents 5 Related pages Early Life Anne Frank was born on 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt, Germany. She was the second daughter of Otto Frank (1889–1980), a German businessman, [2] and Edith Frank-Holländer (1900 – 45). Margot Frank (1926–45) was her older sister. [3] The Franks were Jews , and they lived with many Jewish and non-Jewish citizens. Anne and Margot grew up with Catholic , Protestant , and Jewish friends. The Frank family did not follow all the customs of Judaism. [4] Edith Frank was very religious , though her husband was more interested in studying. He had a large library , and both parents encouraged the children to read. [5] On 13 March 1933, elections were held in Frankfurt, and Adolf Hitler 's Nazi Party won. Acts of Antisemitism began almost immediately.

The Franks were afraid of what might happen to them if they stayed in Germany. Therefore, later that year, Edith and the children went to Aachen . They stayed there with Edith's mother, Rosa Holländer. Otto remained in Frankfurt, but after getting an offer to start a company in Amsterdam, he moved there to begin the business and to find a place to live with his family. [6] The Franks were included in the 300,000 Jews who ran away from Germany between 1933 and 1939. [7] The apartment block on the Merwedeplein where the Frank family lived from 1934 until 1942 Otto Frank began working at the Opekta Works . Opteka was a company that sold pectin . Otto Frank found an apartment on the Merwedeplein (Merwede Square) in Amsterdam. By February 1934, Edith and the children had arrived in Amsterdam, and Anne and Margot began going to school. Margot went to public school and Anne went to a Montessori school . Margot liked maths, and Anne enjoyed reading and writing.

Her friend Hanneli Goslar later remembered that from when she was young, Anne often wrote, though she tried to hide what she wrote and did not like talking about it. Margot and Anne had very different personalities. Margot was polite, quiet, and thoughtful, [8] while Anne was brave, energetic , and friendly. [9] In 1938, Otto Frank started a second company, Pectacon. Pectacon sold herbs , salts and mixed spices that were used to make sausages . [10] [11] Hermann van Pels worked at Pectacon as a helper about spices. He was a Jewish butcher . [11] In 1939, Edith's mother came to live with the Franks. She stayed with them until she died in January 1942. [12] In May 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands . The government began to hurt Jews by making rules and laws about their freedom. The Frank sisters were both studying well and had many friends. But a new law that Jewish children could only go to a Jewish school made them move to a Jewish school.

[12] The companies that Otto Frank worked at still gave him some money, but they became poorer. It was not enough to support their family. [13] Before hiding For her 13th birthday on 12 June 1942, Anne Frank got a book she had shown her father a few days before. It was actually an autograph book with red-and-white cloth and a small lock on the front, but Anne decided to use it as a diary. [14] She began writing in it almost immediately. Most of her first writings are about normal parts of her life, but she also wrote about some other things. In July 1942, the Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung (Central Office for Jewish Emigration) ordered Margot Frank to come to be taken to a work camp. Otto Frank told his family that they would hide in rooms above and behind the place where his company worked on the Prinsengracht. The Prinsengracht was a street next to one of Amsterdam's canals , where some of his most trusted employees would help them. The notice to Margot made them move a few weeks earlier than they had expected.

[15] Hiding Anne's father, Otto Frank, was scared that the Nazis would find him, and his family. He wanted to protect his family. He spoke to some of the people who worked in his business. One of them was a young woman of about 33 years old, and was named Miep Gies . Otto Frank needed help - he was going to turn the top floor of his business into a secret hiding place for himself and his family called "The Secret Annex". Miep and the others would have to help them keep their secret, and bring them food. They hid in their secret hiding place for two whole years, without being discovered by the Nazis. Anne Frank left all her other belongings in Frankfurt. Miep agreed to help. In 1942 , the Frank family, together with the Van Pels (And their son Peter) and a dentist named Fritz Pfeffer, moved into the Secret Annex that they had prepared. They planned to stay there until the end of the war. They hoped the war would end soon, but it did not. They spent around two and a half years in their hiding place, never able to go out into the sunshine.

During the day, they had to be very quiet, because the business continued downstairs, and not all the workers knew that the Frank family was in hiding in the upper part of the building. A few months before the Franks went into hiding, Anne was given a diary, for her birthday. She called her diary "Kitty" and wrote in it about all the things that were happening to her and to her family. Anne was only a young girl, but she knew how to write beautifully. She wrote about all the things that young girls think about - how she was getting along with her friends and parents, boys (pretty much Peter), her life and emotions. After a while, Anne had a strong ambition: to be a writer. She hoped to write a book that everyone would read. After 2 years a thief had come and took not much, but after about two and a half years in hiding, not long before the end of the war, the thief was caught and, in exchange of not going to jail or death, he told the Nazis that a Jewish family - the Franks - were in hiding. Nazi soldiers came into the Frank's secret hiding place. They sent the Franks and the others to a concentration camp.

Miep Gies found Anne's diary and put it into a drawer. She wanted to keep it safe until after the war. She hoped that Anne would return, and she would be able give her her diary back. However, that was not to be. Anne's father, Otto Frank, lived through the war and came back to Amsterdam. He hoped that his family had survived too - but they had not. Of all the family, only he survived. His wife was killed at Auschwitz . Anne and her older sister, Margot, died at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp from typhus , a disease - only a few weeks before the camp was freed by the Allied forces . Mr. Frank lived through much pain. When he got out he found Anne's diary and published it. Diary Miep Gies was with Otto Frank when he got the letter telling him that his two daughters were dead. Now she knew that Anne would never return for her diary. She went to the drawer where the diary was kept, and she gave it to Otto Frank. People who were close to Anne read the diary. They told Otto Frank that he should publish it. Anne had wanted to be a famous writer.

Now, people would be able to read her book, and they would also learn about the difficult time that the Jews had during the war, and about the wonderful people who helped them. Otto had Anne's diary printed. It became one of the world's most widely-read books. It has been printed in over 20 languages, and people across the world have read and enjoyed this true story. Today, for an admissions fee, you can visit the house in Amsterdam where Anne Frank and her family hid during the war. You can also see the diary that she wrote. Notes and references ↑ Müller 1998 , p. 153 Bibliography Frank, Anne (1995) [1947] Frank, Otto H. ; Pressler, Mirjam eds. (in Dutch) Het Achterhuis [The Diary of a Young Girl - The Definitive Edition] Massotty, Susan (translation) Doubleday ISBN 0-553-29698-1 ; This edition, a new translation, includes material excluded from the earlier edition. Frank, Anne and Netherlands State Institute for War Documentation (1989). The Diary of Anne Frank, The Critical Edition. Doubleday.

ISBN 0-385-24023-6 . Lee, Carol Ann (2000). The Biography of Anne Frank - Roses from the Earth. Viking Press. ISBN 0-7089-9174-2 . Müller, Melissa (1999) [1998] (in German) Das Mädchen Anne Frank [ Anne Frank: The Biography ] Kimber, Rita and Robert (translators) Henry Holt and Company ISBN 0-7475-4523-5 OCLC 42369449 . ; With a note from Miep Gies . van der Rol, Ruud; Verhoeven, Rian (for the Anne Frank House); Quindlen, Anna (Introduction); Langham, Tony & Peters, Plym (translation) (1995). Anne Frank - Beyond the Diary - A Photographic Remembrance. Puffin. ISBN 0-14-036926-0 . Westra, Hans; Metselaar, Menno; Van Der Rol, Ruud; Stam, Dineke (2004).

Inside Anne Frank's House: An Illustrated Journey Through Anne's World. Overlook Duckworth. ISBN 1-58567-628-4 . Related pages Who was Anne Frank? - Anne Franks Diary - Key Stage 3 - The Holocaust Explained Anne Frank - a girl who never gave up The face of Anne Frank is one of the most well known images of the Holocaust. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. Before the German's invaded Anne Frank had a happy childhood. Here we see Anne (left), her sister Margot and their friends at a tea party in Amsterdam during 1934. © 2011 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Anne Frank (front left) celebrated Purim with her friends in 1934 © 2011 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Before the war Anne's parents, Edith and Otto (centre), enjoyed a happy social life with their friends in Amsterdam © 2011 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Anne Frank's home in Amsterdam before the Germans invaded. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority.

In August 1944 the Franks were betrayed. The Nazis raided the office. The Franks were sent to Westerbork, a transit camp near to Amsterdam. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. Anne Frank and her family were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau on the last ever transport from Westerbork to the camp. Anne’s mother, Edith died in Auschwitz-Birkenau. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. In October 1944 Anne and her sister, Margot, were sent to Bergen-Belsen. The camp was extremely overcrowded; the conditions were terrible. Anne and her sister both died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945. © 2011 Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. 7 0 Who was Anne Frank? The face of Anne Frank is one of the most well known images of the Holocaust. Who was this remarkable young lady? What is the significance of her amazing diary?

Anne Frank was born to a Jewish family in Frankfurt, Germany in 1929. When, in 1933, the Nazis came to power in Germany, her family thought they would be safer in Holland, so went to live in Amsterdam. For a few years they were safe. However, in 1940, the Germans occupied Holland. The family was once again living under Nazi control. Otto, Anne’s father, began making plans to hide himself and his entire family until the War was over. On 6 July 1942, a month before Anne’s 13th birthday, the family went into hiding in a part of Otto’s office building. Within a few months four other people joined them. Four of Otto’s staff knew about the hiding place and helped them survive. By August 1944 Anne Frank and her family had been in hiding for just over two years. The Franks were then betrayed. On 4 August 1944, the Nazis found out about the hiding place and raided the office, arresting all eight people. All were sent to Westerbork, a transit camp near to Amsterdam.

From there they were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau on the last ever transport from Westerbork to the camp. Anne’s mother, Edith died in Auschwitz. In October 1944 Anne and her sister, Margot, were sent to Bergen-Belsen. The camp was extremely overcrowded; the conditions were terrible. Anne and her sister both died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945. Anne had lived until she was 15 years old. What is the Diary of Anne Frank? On her 13th birthday – she had gone into hiding by then – Anne was given a diary as a birthday present. For the two years she was in hiding Anne wrote a detailed diary. She invented an imaginary friend, Kitty, who was the person she imagined telling her thoughts to. Anne wrote about life in hiding, her family relationships, the other people in hiding with her and her own physical and emotional development. It is a very moving personal record of what happened during the Holocaust. The Diary of Anne Frank is not just an historical document. It is the testimony of a young woman who refused to give up. She resisted the Nazis.

Throughout those two years Anne held on to her culture, her ideals, her hopes and her dreams in the face of adversity, even though she was trapped within the confines of the family’s hiding place. Anne’s father Otto was the only member of the whole family who survived the Holocaust. He was liberated in Auschwitz on 27 January 1945. Later he returned to Amsterdam. On his return, Miep Giese, one of his worker’s who had helped the family during their two years in hiding, gave him the pages from Anne’s diary that she had saved from the hiding place. In 1947, Otto published the diary. Anne Frank’s diary remains one of the best-known published works throughout the world. You can learn more about Anne Frank and perhaps visit a travelling exhibition about Anne and her diary, by clicking here This month in history Holocaust holocaust 364.1 LYT Lyttle, Richard B. Nazi hunting. New York: F. Watts, [1982]. Note: Brief reconstructions of the captures of several Nazi war criminals who had hidden safely for years after the war but were eventually tracked down. 909 SHA Sharp, Anne Wallace. The gypsies.

San Diego: Lucent Books, [2003]. Note: Discusses the historical origins, beliefs, arts, family life, cultural clashes with white Europeans, and future hopes of the nomadic Rom, or Roma, people who were once called Gypsies. 920 KIN Kinderlager: an oral history of young Holocaust survivors. New York, N.Y: Holiday House, [1998]. Note: Draws on interviews with three women who recount their experiences as child survivors of Auschwitz-Birkenau, the Nazi death camp. 920 RUB Rubin, Susan Goldman. Searching for Anne Frank : letters from Amsterdam to Iowa. New York: H.N. Abrams, [2003]. Note: Provides a glimpse of life during World War II in both the Netherlands and the United States through the correspondence of Anne Frank and her Iowa pen pals. 920 WEE Boas, Jacob. We are witnesses : five diaries of teenagers who died in the Holocaust. 1st ed. New York: Henry Holt, [1995]. Note: Excerpts from five diaries written by Jewish teenagers about their families' experiences during World War II. 921 DIC Rubin, Susan Goldman.

Fireflies in the dark : the story of Friedl Dicker-Brandeis and the children of Terezin. 1st ed. New York: Holiday House, [2000]. Note: Covers the years during which Friedl Dicker, a Jewish woman from Czechoslovakia, taught art to children at the Terezin Concentration Camp. Includes art created by teacher and students, excerpts from diaries, and interviews with camp survivors. 921 FRA Frank, Anne. The diary of a young girl. [1st ed.]. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday, [1952]. Note: The diary of a thirteen-year-old Jewish girl who died in a concentration camp during World War II. 921 FRA Frank, Anne and Pressler, Mirjam. Anne Frank Tagebuch. Frankfurt, Germany: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, [2001]. Note: A thirteen-year-old German-Jewish girl records her impressions of the two years she and seven others spent hiding from the Nazis before they were discovered and taken to concentration camps. 921 FRA Frank, Anne and Puls, Diego. Diario. 2a. ed. en este formato.

Barcelona: Debolsillo, [2003]. Note: A thirteen-year-old Dutch-Jewish girl records her impressions of the two years she and seven others spent hiding from the Nazis before they were discovered and taken to concentration camps. 921 FRA Amdur, Richard. Anne Frank. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, [1993]. Note: Traces the life of the young Jewish girl whose diary chronicles the years she and her family hid from the Nazis in an Amsterdam attic. 921 FRA Epstein, Rachel S. Anne Frank. New York: F. Watts, [1997]. Note: Traces the life of a Jewish girl who chronicled her day-to-day life in a diary as she hid in an attic in Nazi-occupied Holland for two years. 921 MAN Warren, Andrea. Surviving Hitler : a boy in the Nazi death camps. New York: HarperCollins, [2001]. Note: A biography of Jack Mandelbaum, who survived Nazi concentration camps when he was a teenager. 921 OPD Opdyke, Irene Gut and Armstrong, Jennifer. In my hands : memories of a Holocaust rescuer. 1st ed.

New York: A. Knopf, [1999]. Note: Recounts the experiences of the author who, as a young Polish girl, hid and saved Jews during the Holocaust. 921 PIC Gold, Alison Leslie. Memories of Anne Frank : reflections of a childhood friend. 1st ed. New York: Scholastic, [1997]. Note: Recounts the story of Hannah Goslar, a close friend of Anne Frank and one of the last to see her alive. 940.53 ANF Anflick, Charles. Resistance : teen partisans and resisters who fought Nazi tyranny. 1st ed. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, [1999]. Note: Men and women who were teenagers during the Holocaust share their experiences of life before, during, and after the war, focusing on their efforts to resist the Nazi regime. 940.53 ANN Anne Frank in the world : 1929-1945. 1st American ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, [2001].

Note: More than two hundred photos and informative captions present Anne Frank's family before their years in hiding from the Nazis; chronicle the events that affected their lives in Germany and the Netherlands; and show late twentieth-century examples of racism and racial violence in the U.S. and Europe. 940.53 AXE Axelrod, Toby. In the camps : teens who survived the Nazi concentration camps. 1st ed. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, [1999]. Note: Relates the stories of Jewish teenagers who were sent to Nazi concentration camps where they were separated from their families and survived years of exhausting labor, scarce food, and cruel guards. 940.53 AXE Axelrod, Toby. Rescuers defying the Nazis : non-Jewish teens who rescued Jews. 1st ed. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, [1999]. Note: Relates the stories of courageous non-Jewish teenagers who rescued Jews from the Nazis. 940.53 AYE Ayer, Eleanor H. In the ghettos : teens who survived the ghettos of the Holocaust. 1st ed. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, [1999].

Note: Chronicles the deportation of Jews into ghettos during Hitler's Third Reich and presents the narratives of three individuals who, as teenagers, lived in the ghettos of Lodz, Theresienstadt, and Warsaw and survived physical deprivations, abuse, and deportation to the death camps. 940.53 BAC Bachrach, Deborah. The resistance. San Diego, Calif: Lucent Books, [1998]. Note: Discusses the efforts of Jews and non-Jews in various countries to stop the deadly persecution of Germany's Jewish population by the Nazis. 940.53 CHO Chaikin, Miriam. A nightmare in history : the Holocaust, 1933-1945. New York: Clarion Books, [1987]. Note: Traces the history of anti-Semitism from biblical times through the twelve years of the Nazi era, 1933-1945, and describes Hitler's plans to annihilate European Jews by focusing on the Warsaw Ghetto and the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps. Also discusses the continuing effort to remember the horrors of the Holocaust. 940.53 GID Giddens, Sandra.

Escape : teens who escaped the Holocaust to freedom. 1st ed. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, [1999]. Note: Tells the stories of four teenagers who survived the horrors that the Nazis perpetrated on Jews during World War II. 940.53 GRE Greenfeld, Howard. The hidden children. New York: Ticknor & Fields, [1993]. Note: Text and black and white photographs describe the experiences of those Jewish children who were forced to go into hiding during the Holocaust and survived to tell about it. 940.53 GRE Greenfeld, Howard. After the Holocaust. 1st ed. New York: Greenwillow Books, [2001]. Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 143) and index. 940.53 KOP Kopf, Hedda Rosner. Understanding Anne Frank's The diary of a young girl : a student casebook to issues, sources, and historical documents. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, [1997]. Note: Contains essays, documents, and discussion materials that provide insight into the politcal and social context in which Anne Frank's "The Diary of a Young Girl" was written.

940.53 KUS Kustanowitz, Esther. The hidden children of the Holocaust : teens who hid from the Nazis. 1st ed. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, [1999]. Note: Details the experiences of five Jewish teenagers who hid from the Nazis during World War II, also describing their lives after the war. 940.53 LAW Lawton, Clive. Auschwitz. 1st U.S. ed. Cambridge, MA: Candlewick Press, [2002]. Note: A description of what happened at Auschwitz, a concentration camp in Poland used during World War II by the Nazis to gather and murder many people, mostly Jews. 940.53 LEA Leapman, Michael. Witnesses to war : eight true-life stories of Nazi persecution. New York, N. Y: Viking, [1998]. Note: Focuses on the suffering and experiences of eight children during the Nazi occupation of Europe. 940.53 MEL Meltzer, Milton. Rescue : the story of how gentiles saved Jews in the Holocaust. 1st ed. New York: Harper & Row, [1988].

Note: A recounting drawn from historic source material of the many individual acts of heroism performed by righteous gentiles who sought to thwart the extermination of the Jews during the Holocaust. 940.53 ROS Rossel, Seymour. The Holocaust. New York: Watts, [1981]. Note: Discusses how, between 1938 and 1945, the Nazis planned and carried out a program of extermination against the Jews of Europe now known as the Holocaust, and how the Holocaust continues to affect our everyday lives. 940.53 SHU Shuter, Jane. Life and death in Hitler's Europe. Chicago: Heinemann Library, [2003]. Note: Describes life in Nazi Germany and occupied Europe for Jews and non-Jews, covering children, women, work, leisure, the ghettos, and living in hiding. Also includes a time line, glossary, and list of print and online resources. 940.53 TIT Tito, E. Tina. Liberation : teens in the concentration camps and the teen soldiers who liberated them. 1st ed. New York: Rosen, [1999].

Note: Tells the story, in their own words, of two survivors of World War II concentration camps, and two American soldiers who helped liberate the camps. 940.53 VER Verhoeven, Rian. Anne Frank, beyond the diary : a photographic remembrance. New York: Viking, [1993]. Note: Photographs, illustrations, and maps accompany historical essays, diary excerpts, and interviews, providing an insight to Anne Frank and the massive upheaval which tore apart her world. 940.54 MEL Meltzer, Milton. Never to forget : the Jews of the holocaust. 1st ed. New York: Harper & Row, [1976]. Note: An account of the Nazi destruction of six million Jews during World War II, with personal experiences of life in the ghettos and concentration camps recorded in letters, diaries, memoirs, poems, and songs. 943.086 DVO Dvorson, Alexa. The Hitler Youth : marching toward madness. 1st ed. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, [1999].

Note: Describes how many young Germans were drawn into the Nazi movement and how Germany came more and more under the total control of Hitler and the Nazis. 943.086 LAC Lace, William W. The Nazis. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, [1998]. Note: A history of the Nazi movement in Germany beginning in 1919 with the German Workers' Party and including discussion of Adolf Hitler, anti -Semitism, and World War II. FIC BER Bergman, Tamar. The boy from over there. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, [1988]. Note: Avramik, a young Holocaust survivor, has difficulties adjusting to life on a kibbutz in the days before the first Arab-Israeli War. FIC DEN Denenberg, Barry. One eye laughing, the other weeping : the diary of Julie Weiss. 1st ed. New York: Scholastic, [2000]. Note: During the Nazi persecution of the Jews in Austria, twelve-year-old Julie escapes to America to live with her relatives in New York City. FIC DIL Dillon, Eil|s. Children of Bach. 1st ed.

New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Note: A Hungarian Jewish family of talented musicians escapes Nazi persecution during World War II. FIC KAC Kacer, Kathy. Clara's war. Toronto: Second Story Press, [2001]. Note: After young Clara and her family are sent by the Nazis to the Czechoslovakian ghetto of Terezin, she copes by looking forward to auditions for a children's opera, "Brundibar"--but plans change when she learns her friend Jacob is plotting an escape. FIC MAT Matas, Carol. After the war. 1st ed. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, [1996]. Note: After being released from Buchenwald at the end of World War II, fifteen -year-old Ruth risks her life to lead a group of children across Europe to Palestine. FIC ORL Orlev, Uri. The island on Bird Street. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, [1984, 1983].

Note: During World War II a Jewish boy is left on his own for months in a ruined house in the Warsaw Ghetto, where he must learn all the tricks of survival under constantly life-threatening conditions. FIC ORL Orlev, Uri. The man from the other side. 1st American ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, [1991]. Note: Living on the outskirts of the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II, fourteen -year-old Marek and his grandparents shelter a Jewish man in the days before the Jewish uprising. FIC VOS Vos, Ida. Anna is still here. 1st American ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, [1993]. Note: Thirteen-year-old Anna, who was a "hidden child" in Nazi-occupied Holland during World War II, gradually learns to deal with the realities of being a survivor. GN Spiegelman, Art. Maus II : a survivor's tale : and here my troubles began. New York: Pantheon Books, [1991].

Note: A continuation of the story begun in the Pulitzer Prize winning "Maus," in which the author relates, in cartoon form, his father's experiences as an inmate at Auschwitz during World War II. PBK FRA Frank, Anne and Pressler, Mirjam. The diary of a young girl. Bantam ed. New York: Bantam, [1993]. Note: A thirteen-year-old Dutch-Jewish girl records her impressions of the two years she and seven others spent hiding from the Nazis before they were discovered and taken to concentration camps. Includes entries previously omitted. PBK HOL Holliday, Laurel. Why do they hate me? : young lives caught in war and conflict. New York, N.Y: Pocket Books, [1999]. Note: An abridged edition of the following published works compiled by the author: Children in the Holocaust and World War II, Children of "the troubles, " and Children of Israel, children of Palestine". PBK ISA Isaacs, Anne. Torn thread. 1st ed. New York: Scholastic Press, [2000].

Note: In an attempt to save his daughter's life, Eva's father sends her from Poland to a labor camp in Czechoslovakia where she and her sister survive the war. PBK MAT Matas, Carol. Daniel's story. New York: Scholastic, [1993]. Note: Daniel, whose family suffers as the Nazis rise to power in Germany, describes his imprisonment in a concentration camp and his eventual liberation. PBK MAZ Mazer, Norma Fox. Good night, Maman. 1st ed. San Diego: Harcourt Brace, [1999]. Note: After spending years fleeing from the Nazis in war-torn Europe, twelve -year-old Karin Levi and her older brother Marc find a new home in a refugee camp in Oswego, New York. PBK ORL Orlev, Uri and Halkin, Hille. The man from the other side. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Puffin Books, [1995]. Note: Living on the outskirts of the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II, fourteen -year-old Marek and his grandparents shelter a Jewish man in the days before the Jewish uprising.

PBK REI Reiss, Johanna. The upstairs room. New York: Scholastic, [1990, 1972]. Note: The Upstairs Room is the author's moving account of her own experiences as a young girl during World War II. PBK SUZ Suzanne, Jamie and Pascal, Francine. It can't happen here. New York, NY: Bantam Books, [1995]. Note: The Wakefield girls and their friends learn an important lesson about the Holocaust when a popular new boy chooses an elite group to be in his club. The Anne Frank House and Diary – Mountain Meet Sea The Anne Frank House and Diary Never before had I experienced so much color under gray skies. I traveled to Amsterdam for two reasons: to experience the city’s enchanting canals and to visit the building in which Anne Frank, her family, and others hid during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. I hadn’t read The Diary of Anne Frank until age 23, when I began planning my trip to Amsterdam. I am so glad that I finally read it.

The entries were not at all what I expected: I had envisioned perpetual tales of fear and struggle but instead found myself learning about Anne’s dreams, frustrations, and observations. A fascinating, heartbreaking, and puzzling experience … visiting the Anne Frank House was the highlight of my trip. There’s no doubt that Anne’s words brought to life my experience in Amsterdam. The “secret annex,” or hiding place, was much larger than I expected. For the months leading up to my visit, I had visions of a closet-sized room or a crawlspace-like area. In actuality, the families lived in multiple rooms with, surprisingly, numerous windows (albeit covered with dark curtains during all hours of the day). I was also left with many questions: Who told the Nazis there were Jewish families hiding in this building? How and when – if ever – were the two men arrested for hiding the Frank Family released from custody? Ultimately, the most heartbreaking moment of my experience occurred when viewing the interview with Anne’s childhood friend, Hanneli Goslar. Hanneli explained that Anne confessed, while imprisoned in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, that she felt she had nobody left in the world – and therefore no reason to live.

I can only imagine the aching and despair Anne experienced. Visiting the Anne Frank House – and reading The Diary of Anne Frank – is the most personal, overwhelming, stimulating, but necessary experience a person can have while visiting Amsterdam. Click below to view my Netherlands photo gallery: Share this: Anne Frank's history: the story of Anne Frank 1947Publication of the diary Anne Frank is a Jewish girl who had to go into hiding during The Second World War to escape the Nazis. She kept a diary while in hiding at Prinsengracht in Amsterdam. Anne and the others in hiding were discovered and deported to the concentration camps. Of the eight people in hiding only Anne's father, Otto Frank, survives. 1925 After getting married, Otto and Edith Frank settle in Frankfurt. They soon have children: Margot in 1926, and Anne in 1929. Those first few years are happy ones, but the economic crisis empowers Hitler’s NSDAP. In 1933, Hitler takes over as leader of the German government. Otto and Edith Frank are deeply worried. Not only are they Jewish, the economic crisis causes many problems. They look for a means of escape.

1933 Otto Frank manages to set up a business in Amsterdam. Edith, Margot and Anne follow him to the Netherlands. They find a place to live on the Merwedeplein. The Franks feel safe and free again. The children go to school, Otto works hard on his business and Edith takes care of the household. But then World War 2 breaks out. On 10 May 1940, Germany invades the Netherlands. The Frank family is in danger once more. 1940 With the Netherlands now occupied, life changes for the Frank family. Restrictions keep mounting, both for individuals and for Otto's business. When Margot is called up to be sent to a German labour camp, Otto and Edith decide the dangers have become too great. They take their family into hiding. 1942 There are four other Jews in the Secret Annex besides the Frank family: Hermann and Auguste van Pels with their son Peter, and Fritz Pfeffer. Four of Otto’s employees help them. Everyone lives in constant fear of discovery. And it’s certainly not easy for eight people to live in such close quarters. Anne doesn’t just keep a diary during her time in the Secret Annex.

She also writes short stories and collects her favourite sentences by other writers in a notebook. Anne hopes for her diary to be published as a novel after the war. That’s why she starts rewriting it. But Anne never manages to finish it. She's discovered and arrested before she completes her work. Main menu Reactions to the diary 1944 On 4 August 1944, everyone in the Secret Annex is arrested. Someone may have betrayed them. They are deported first to the Westerbork transit camp, and then on to Auschwitz. Otto Frank is the only person from the Secret Annex to survive the camps. The others all die. Hermann van Pels is murdered in the gas chambers, and Auguste is thrown in front of a train during a transport. The others die of disease and exhaustion. 1945 After Auschwitz is liberated, Otto returns to Amsterdam. On his way back, he hears of Edith’s death. Back in Amsterdam, he goes to see Miep and Jan Gies. He hopes Anne and Margot might still be alive, but then discovers that they too did not survive the war. Miep gives him Anne’s diaries.

Anne had wanted her diary to be published after the war, and her wish would eventually come true. 1947 In her diary, Otto reads about the plan Anne had to publish a book after the war about the time she spent in the Secret Annex. Initially, Otto Frank feels uncertain about the idea but he finally decides to fulfill his daughter's wish, but he decides to do it after all. Later, the diary is translated and adapted to both film and theatre. People all over the world get to know Anne Frank’s story, and are deeply touched. The Anne Frank House and Diary – Mountain Meet Sea The Anne Frank House and Diary Never before had I experienced so much color under gray skies. I traveled to Amsterdam for two reasons: to experience the city’s enchanting canals and to visit the building in which Anne Frank, her family, and others hid during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. I hadn’t read The Diary of Anne Frank until age 23, when I began planning my trip to Amsterdam. I am so glad that I finally read it. The entries were not at all what I expected: I had envisioned perpetual tales of fear and struggle but instead found myself learning about Anne’s dreams, frustrations, and observations.

A fascinating, heartbreaking, and puzzling experience … visiting the Anne Frank House was the highlight of my trip. There’s no doubt that Anne’s words brought to life my experience in Amsterdam. The “secret annex,” or hiding place, was much larger than I expected. For the months leading up to my visit, I had visions of a closet-sized room or a crawlspace-like area. In actuality, the families lived in multiple rooms with, surprisingly, numerous windows (albeit covered with dark curtains during all hours of the day). I was also left with many questions: Who told the Nazis there were Jewish families hiding in this building? How and when – if ever – were the two men arrested for hiding the Frank Family released from custody? Ultimately, the most heartbreaking moment of my experience occurred when viewing the interview with Anne’s childhood friend, Hanneli Goslar. Hanneli explained that Anne confessed, while imprisoned in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, that she felt she had nobody left in the world – and therefore no reason to live. I can only imagine the aching and despair Anne experienced.

Visiting the Anne Frank House – and reading The Diary of Anne Frank – is the most personal, overwhelming, stimulating, but necessary experience a person can have while visiting Amsterdam. Click below to view my Netherlands photo gallery: Share this:

Question: In which city is the house where 'Anne Frank and her family' hid from the Nazis during WW2?
Answer: Amsterdam