Mata Hari - Polyvore Mata Hari 8 months ago. 247 views. 32 likes. Follow Margaretha Geertruida "Margreet" MacLeod (née Zelle; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari, was a Dutch Frisian exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being a spy and executed by firing squad in France under charges of espionage for Germany during World War I. Margaretha Zelle was born in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands. She was the eldest of four children of Adam Zelle and his first wife Antje van der Meulen. She had three brothers. Her father owned a hat shop, made successful investments in the oil industry, and became affluent enough to give Margaretha a lavish early childhood that included exclusive schools until the age of 13. Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt in 1889, her parents divorced, and then her mother died in 1891. Her father remarried in Amsterdam on 9 February 1893 to Susanna Catharina ten Hoove, by whom he had no children.

The family fell apart, and Margaretha moved to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. In Leiden, she studied to be a kindergarten teacher, but when the headmaster began to flirt with her conspicuously, she was removed from the institution by her offended godfather. A few months later, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague. At 18, Zelle answered an advertisement in a Dutch newspaper placed by Dutch Colonial Army Captain Rudolf MacLeod, who was living in what was then the Dutch East Indies and was looking for a wife. Zelle married MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was the son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod and Dina Louisa, Baroness Sweerts de Landas. The marriage enabled her to move into the Dutch upper class, and her finances were placed on a sound footing.

They moved to Malang on the east side of the island of Java, traveling out on SS Prinses Amalia in May 1897, and had two children, Norman-John MacLeod (30 January 1897 – 27 June 1899) and Louise Jeanne MacLeod (2 May 1898 – 10 August 1919). The marriage was an overall disappointment. MacLeod appears to have been an alcoholic who would take out his frustrations on his wife, who was twenty years younger and whom he blamed for his lack of promotion. He also openly kept a concubine, a socially accepted practice in the Dutch East Indies at that time. The disenchanted Zelle abandoned him temporarily, moving in with Van Rheedes, another Dutch officer. For months, she studied the Indonesian traditions intensively, joining a local dance company. In 1897, she revealed her artistic name of Mata Hari, Malay for "sun" (literally, "eye of the day"), in correspondence to her relatives in the Netherlands. At MacLeod's urging, Zelle returned to him, but his aggressive demeanour did not change.

She escaped her circumstances by studying the local culture. In 1899, their children fell violently ill from complications relating to the treatment of syphilis contracted from their parents, though the family claimed they were poisoned by an irate servant. Jeanne survived, but Norman died. Some sources maintain that one of MacLeod's enemies may have poisoned a supper to kill both of their children. After moving back to the Netherlands, the couple officially separated on 30 August 1902. The divorce became final in 1906. Zelle was awarded custody of Jeanne. MacLeod was legally required to pay support, which he never did, making life very difficult for Zelle and her daughter. During a visit of Jeanne with her father, MacLeod decided not to return Jeanne to her mother. Zelle was forced to accept the situation, not having the resources to fight it, in the knowledge that whatever kind of husband MacLeod had been to her, he had always been a good father. Jeanne later died at the age of 21, also possibly from complications relating to syphilis.

In 1903, Zelle moved to Paris, where she performed as a circus horse rider using the name Lady MacLeod, much to the disapproval of the Dutch MacLeods. Struggling to earn a living, she also posed as an artist's model. By 1905, Mata Hari began to win fame as an exotic dancer. She was a contemporary of dancers Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis, leaders in the early modern dance movement, which around the turn of the 20th century looked to Asia and Egypt for artistic inspiration. Critics would later write about this and other such movements within the context of Orientalism. Gabriel Astruc became her personal booking agent. Promiscuous, flirtatious, and openly flaunting her body, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight success from the debut of her act at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905. She became the long-time mistress of the millionaire Lyon industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded the Musée. She posed as a Javanese princess of priestly Hindu birth, pretending to have been immersed in the art of sacred Indian dance since childhood.

She was photographed numerous times during this period, nude or nearly so. Some of these pictures were obtained by MacLeod and strengthened his case in keeping custody of their daughter. Mata Hari brought a carefree provocative style to the stage in her act, which garnered wide acclaim. The most celebrated segment of her act was her progressive shedding of clothing until she wore just a jeweled bra and some ornaments upon her arms and head. She was seldom seen without a bra as she was self-conscious about being small-breasted. She wore a bodystocking for her performances that was similar in color to her own skin. Although Mata Hari's claims about her origins were fictitious, it was very common for entertainers of her era to invent colorful stories about their origins as part of the show. Her act was successful because it elevated exotic dance to a more respectable status and so broke new ground in a style of entertainment for which Paris was later to become world famous. Her style and free-willed attitude made her a popular woman, as did her eagerness to perform in exotic and revealing clothing. She posed for provocative photos and mingled in wealthy circles.

Since most Europeans at the time were unfamiliar with the Dutch East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of as exotic, and it was assumed her claims were genuine. By about 1910, a myriad imitators had arisen. Critics began to opine that the success and dazzling features of the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap exhibitionism and lacked artistic merit. Although she continued to schedule important social events throughout Europe, she was held in disdain by serious cultural institutions as a dancer who did not know how to dance. Mata Hari's career went into decline after 1912. On 13 March 1915, she performed in what would be the last show of her career. She had begun her career relatively late for a dancer, and had started putting on weight. However, by this time she had become a successful courtesan, known more for her sensuality and eroticism than for her beauty. She had relationships with high-ranking military officers, politicians, and others in influential positions in many countries. Her relationships and liaisons with powerful men frequently took her across international borders.

Prior to World War I, she was generally viewed as an artist and a free-spirited bohemian, but as war approached, she began to be seen by some as a wanton and promiscuous woman, and perhaps a dangerous seductress. During World War I, the Netherlands remained neutral. As a Dutch subject, Zelle was thus able to cross national borders freely. To avoid the battlefields, she travelled between France and the Netherlands via Spain and Britain, and her movements inevitably attracted attention. In 1916, she was travelling by steamer from Spain when her ship called at the English port of Falmouth. There she was arrested and brought to London where she was interrogated at length by Sir Basil Thomson, Assistant Commissioner at New Scotland Yard in charge of counter-espionage. He gave an account of this in his 1922 book Queer People, saying that she eventually admitted to working for French intelligence. Initially detained in Cannon Street police station, she was then released and stayed at the Savoy Hotel. A full transcript of the interview is in Britain's National Archives and was broadcast, with Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, on the independent station London Broadcasting in 1980.

It is unclear if she lied on this occasion, believing the story made her sound more intriguing, or if French authorities were using her in such a way but would not acknowledge her due to the embarrassment and international backlash it could cause. In January 1917, the German military attaché in Madrid transmitted radio messages to Berlin describing the helpful activities of a German spy code-named H-21. French intelligence agents intercepted the messages and, from the information it contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. The messages were in a code that some claimed that German intelligence knew had already been broken by the French (in fact it had been broken not by the French, but by the British "Room 40" team), leaving some to claim that the messages were contrived. However, this same code, which the Germans were convinced was unbreakable was used to transmit the Zimmermann Telegram. On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested in her room at the Hotel Elysée Palace on the Champs Elysées in Paris. She was put on trial on 24 July, accused of spying for Germany, and consequently causing the deaths of at least 50,000 soldiers.

Although the French and British intelligence suspected her of spying for Germany, neither could produce definite evidence against her. Supposedly secret ink was found in her room, which was incriminating evidence in that period. She contended that it was part of her makeup. She wrote several letters to the Dutch Consul in Paris, claiming her innocence. "My international connections are due of my work as a dancer, nothing else .... Because I really did not spy, it is terrible that I cannot defend myself". Her defence attorney, veteran international lawyer Edouard Clunet, faced impossible odds; he was denied permission either to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or to examine his own witnesses directly. Under the circumstances, her conviction was a foregone conclusion. German documents unsealed in the 1970s proved that Mata Hari truly had been a German agent. In the autumn of 1915, she had entered the German secret service, and on orders of section III B-Chief Walter Nicolai, had been instructed about her duties by Major Roepell during a stay in Cologne.

Her reports were to be sent to the Kriegsnachrichtenstelle West in Düsseldorf under Roepell as well as to the Agent mission in the German embassy in Madrid under Major Arnold Kalle, with her direct handler being Captain Hoffmann, who also gave her the code name H-21. It is contended by some historians, however, that Mata Hari may have merely accepted money from the Germans without actually carrying out any spy duties. In December 1916, the French Second Bureau of the French War Ministry let Mata Hari obtain the names of six Belgian agents. Five were suspected of submitting fake material and working for the Germans, while the sixth was suspected of being a double agent for Germany and France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Paris for a trip to Madrid, the double agent was executed by the Germans, while the five others continued their operations. This development served as proof to the Second Bureau that the names of the six spies had been communicated by Mata Hari to the Germans. Mata Hari's body was not claimed by any family members and was accordingly used for medical study.

Her head was embalmed and kept in the Museum of Anatomy in Paris, but in 2000, archivists discovered that the head had disappeared, possibly as early as 1954, when the museum had been relocated. Records dated from 1918 show that the museum also received the rest of the body, but none of the remains could later be accounted for. A 1934 New Yorker article reported that at her execution she wore "a neat Amazonian tailored suit, especially made for the occasion, and a pair of new white gloves" though another account indicates she wore the same suit, low-cut blouse and tricorn hat ensemble which had been picked out by her accusers for her to wear at trial, and which was still the only full, clean outfit which she had in prison. Neither description matches photographic evidence. According to an eyewitness account by British reporter Henry Wales, she was not bound and refused a blindfold. Wales records her death, saying that after the volley of shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, her head up always, and without the slightest change of expression on her face.

For the fraction of a second it seemed she tottered there, on her knees, gazing directly at those who had taken her life. Then she fell backward, bending at the waist, with her legs doubled up beneath her." A non-commissioned officer then walked up to her body, pulled out his revolver, and shot her in the head to make sure she was dead. The Fries Museum in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, contains a "Mata Hari Room". Included in the exhibit are two of her personal scrapbooks and an oriental rug embroidered with the footsteps of her fan dance. Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum is well known for research into the life and career of Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen.

32 Mata Hari - Fiction & Non-Fiction (8 books) Listopia Mata Hari - Fiction & Non-Fiction Margaretha Geertruida "Margreet" MacLeod (née Zelle; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari, was a Dutch Frisian exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being a spy and executed by firing squad in France under charges of espionage for Germany during World War I. (Wiki) Score A book’s total score is based on multiple factors, including the number of people who have voted for it and how highly those voters ranked the book. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating by Michelle Moran (Goodreads Author) 3.52 avg rating — 974 ratings Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating by Richard Skinner (Goodreads Author) 3.10 avg rating — 142 ratings Error rating book. Refresh and try again.

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About: Mata Hari About: Mata Hari An Entity of Type : person , from Named Graph : , within Data Space : dbpedia.org Margaretha Geertruida "Margreet" MacLeod (née Zelle; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari, was a Dutch Frisian exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being a spy and executed by firing squad in France under charges of espionage for Germany during World War I. Property abstract Mata Hari (javanesisch: Auge des Tages = Sonne) war der Künstlername der niederländischen Tänzerin Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (* 7. August 1876 in Leeuwarden; † 15. Oktober 1917 in Vincennes). Während ihrer Ehe verwandte sie auch die Namen Marguerite Campbell und Lady Gretha MacLeod. Als Spionin für den deutschen Geheimdienst führte sie den Decknamen H 21.

Mata Hari war in der Zeit vor und während des Ersten Weltkrieges als exotische Nackttänzerin und exzentrische Künstlerin berühmt. Daneben gilt sie heute als bekannteste Spionin aller Zeiten. Sie wurde am 25. Juli 1917 wegen Doppelspionage und Hochverrats von den Richtern eines französischen Militärgerichts zum Tode verurteilt und am 15. Oktober 1917 hingerichtet. Unklar ist bis heute, ob sie tatsächlich die raffinierte Doppelagentin war, wie in dem Urteil dargestellt – oder ein willkommenes Bauernopfer des französischen Militärgerichts, weil die Kriegsbegeisterung merklich nachließ und ein Sündenbock für die Niederlagen und Verluste hilfreich schien. Dies wird sich, wenn überhaupt, erst 2017 – einhundert Jahre nach ihrem Tod – endgültig klären, wenn die französischen Gerichtsakten geöffnet werden.

Dass Mata Hari, vermutlich im Spätherbst 1915, in den Dienst des deutschen Geheimdienstes trat, ist heute unstrittig. Aus den zeitgenössischen Akten des britischen Geheimdienstes MI5, die am 21. Januar 1999 freigegeben wurden und nun im Britischen Nationalarchiv öffentlich zugänglich sind, geht jedoch hervor, dass sie offenbar keine wesentlichen Geheimnisse an die Deutschen verraten hat. Derzeit scheint es, als habe Mata Hari am Ende ihrer Tanzkarriere mit einer kläglich-naiven, bedeutungslosen Informationstätigkeit ihr drohendes Schicksal, als Künstlerin in Vergessenheit zu geraten und unter akuter Geldnot zu leiden, abzuwenden versucht und dabei die Gefährlichkeit ihres Handelns nicht erkannt.

Die deutsche Kriegspropaganda, die den Fall ausschlachtete, bezeichnete sie als „Opfer des französischen Kriegswahns“ und läutete mit dem politischen Finale des Idols seine dramatisch-romantische Verklärung ein. Mata Haris abenteuerliches Leben und ihr tragisches Ende stehen bis heute im Mittelpunkt zahlreicher Romane, Theaterstücke und Filme. Ihre Lebensgeschichte war bislang Stoff für über 250 Bücher und ein Dutzend Filme. Die Quellenlage ist jedoch nach wie vor dünn, basiert doch nur ein Bruchteil dieser Bücher und Filme auf verlässlichen Quellen.

(de) Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (Leeuwarden, Países Bajos, 7 de agosto de 1876 - Vincennes, cerca de París, 15 de octubre de 1917) más conocida como Mata Hari, fue una famosa bailarina, actriz y espía, condenada a muerte por espionaje y ejecutada por fusilamiento en 1917, durante la I Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). La palabra matahari significa, en idioma malayo, sol y literalmente "ojo del día". (es) Margaretha Geertruida "Margreet" MacLeod (née Zelle; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari, was a Dutch Frisian exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being a spy and executed by firing squad in France under charges of espionage for Germany during World War I.

(en) ماتا هاري (بالهولندية:Mata Hari) (1876-1917) هو الاسم الفني التي اشتهرت به مارجاريتا جِرترودا "جريتشي" زيلي، وهي أشهر جاسوسة في التاريخ الحديث. كانت راقصة هولندية-جرمانية، وأيضاً مومساً لدى رجال الطبقة العليا من المجتمع، تم إعدامها من قبل الفرنسيين رميا بالرصاص بتهمة التجسس عليهم خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى.أصبحت مادة شديدة الثراء للأدباء والمؤرخين وصناع السينما، وأطلق عليها لقب جاسوسة الجاسوسات ورسموا لها صورة الفتاة الجميلة الساحرة التي أوقعت كبار الساسة في هواها وغوايتها.

لكن ماتا هارى في الواقع، كانت أقرب إلى القبح والدمامة، ومن هنا يثور السؤال عن أسباب نجاحها في مهمتها، والتي تحولت معها إلى أسطورة يضاف إليها مع كل كتاب ومع كل عمل سينمائي لمحات جديدة غامضة وساحرة، حتى مثلت دورها جميلات السينما من جريتا جاربو إلى مارلين ديتريتش إلى فرانسواز فابيان. يوم وزعت الشرطة الفرنسية صورها بعد إعدامها عام 1917، ذهل الناس لشكلها، الذي نسوه مع الوقت وظلت صورتها الأسطورية الساحرة. (ar) Mata Hari, de son vrai nom Margaretha Geertruida « Grietje » Zelle, est une danseuse et courtisane née le à Leeuwarden (Pays-Bas), et morte le à Vincennes (France), fusillée pour espionnage pendant la Première Guerre mondiale.

(fr) Era figlia di Adam Zelle (1840-1910) e di Antje van der Meulen (1842-1891), ed ebbe tre fratelli, il maggiore, Johannes (1878), e due fratelli gemelli, Arie Anne e Cornelius (1881-1956). Il padre aveva un negozio di cappelli, era proprietario di un mulino e di una fattoria. La sua famiglia poteva permettersi di vivere molto agiatamente in un antico e bel palazzo di Groote Kerkstraat, nel centro della città.

(it) マタ・ハリ（Mata Hari、1876年8月7日 - 1917年10月15日）は、フランスのパリを中心に活躍したマレー系オランダ人の踊り子（ダンサー）、ストリッパー。第一次世界大戦中にスパイ容疑でフランスに捕らえられ、有罪判決を受けて処刑された。「マタ・ハリ」はダンサーとしての芸名であり、本名はマルガレータ・ヘールトロイダ・ツェレ（Margaretha Geertruida Zelle）。世界で最も有名な女スパイとして、女スパイの代名詞的存在となった。 (ja) Mata Hari, pseudoniem van Margaretha Geertruida (Griet) Zelle (Leeuwarden, 7 augustus 1876 - Vincennes, 15 oktober 1917), was een Nederlandse exotische danseres. Ze werd door de Fransen schuldig bevonden aan spionage en wegens hoogverraad gefusilleerd.

(nl) Mata Hari, właściwie Margaretha Geertruida McLeod, z domu Zelle (ur. 7 sierpnia 1876 w Leeuwarden, zm. 15 października 1917 w Vincennes pod Paryżem) – holenderska tancerka, która pod takim właśnie pseudonimem zdobyła sławę w Europie Zachodniej początku XX wieku. Urodziła się jako córka holenderskiego biznesmena Adama Zelle i Antje van der Meulen. Kiedy miała 6 lat, jej rodzina przeprowadziła się do Leiden. W 1891 roku zmarła jej matka, a ojciec zbankrutował. Wkrótce Margaretha Geertruida Zelle ukończyła studium nauczycielskie. W wieku 18 lat wyjechała z Amsterdamu, gdyż wywołała skandal romansem z dyrektorem szkoły.

W Hadze odpowiedziała na anons matrymonialny starszego od siebie o dwadzieścia dwa lata holenderskiego oficera marynarki, Rudolfa McLeoda (niemal całe dorosłe życie spędził w służbie wojskowej w Holenderskich Indiach Wschodnich). Spotkanie w muzeum doprowadziło do intensywnego, choć krótkotrwałego związku. Po sześciu dniach zaręczyli się, a pobrali się cztery miesiące później. Wkrótce urodził im się syn, Norman John, z którym w maju 1897 roku wyjechali do Holenderskich Indii Wschodnich, gdzie Kapitan McLeod wrócił do służby, jaką pełnił w kolonii. Margaretha urodziła tam córkę, Jeanne Louise, ale jej małżeństwo rozpadało się z powodu kłótni.

Kres małżeństwa nastąpił po śmierci syna (podobno otrutego przez opiekunkę, namówioną do zbrodni przez narzeczonego, żołnierza pragnącego się zemścić na Rudolfie McLeodzie za złe traktowanie w czasie służby). Na początku XX stulecia, po nieudanych próbach pracy jako nauczycielka i rozpadzie małżeństwa (1903), udała się do Paryża. Jeanne Louise została z ojcem. W Paryżu Margaretha zaczęła pozować jako księżniczka z Jawy. Wkrótce została tancerką egzotyczną, wykonującą tańce w stylu orientalnym. Występowała pod pseudonimem Mata Hari (w jęz. indonezyjskim słońce, dosł. oko dnia). Była też luksusową prostytutką, a jej kochankami byli politycy i oficerowie armii.

W 1917 roku została oskarżona we Francji o szpiegostwo. Miała działać jako podwójny agent na usługach Francji i Niemiec. Jej działalność miała być przyczyną śmierci tysięcy żołnierzy na frontach I wojny światowej. Dowodem w jej sprawie były przechwycone przez Anglików depesze nadawane przez Niemców z Madrytu. Jako jedyne kodowane były szyfrem złamanym wcześniej przez Anglików. Wysyłane były w trakcie pobytu Maty Hari w Madrycie, a dotyczyły rzekomego niemieckiego agenta, który zdołał dostać się do francuskiego wywiadu. Jeśli w ogóle była szpiegiem (szpiegostwa podjęła się prawdopodobnie z chęci zysku), jej rolę i szkodliwość wyolbrzymiono. Życie Maty Hari w czasie wojny stało się przedmiotem nieustających dyskusji.

Dokładnie znany jest tylko koniec jej historii. 13 lutego 1917 roku aresztowano ją i z luksusowego pokoju w hotelu przewieziono do więzienia. Oskarżono ją o szpiegostwo i współpracę z wywiadem wroga. Twierdziła, że pieniądze dostawała za usługi seksualne. Ani obrona jednego z najsławniejszych adwokatów, mecenasa Cluneta, ani wstawiennictwo jej wysoko postawionych kochanków – Cambona, ambasadora Francji w Madrycie i de Marguerie, urzędnika Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych – nie zdołały jej uratować. Uznano ją winną i 15 października 1917 roku wczesnym rankiem przewieziono na strzelnicę w koszarach w Vincennes. Została rozstrzelana, odmawiając jednak w romantycznym geście nałożenia opaski na oczy.

Spośród 12 żołnierzy, którzy do niej strzelali, tylko jeden strzał trafił w serce. Pozostali woleli spudłować. (pl) Margaretha Gertruida Zelle (Leeuwarden, 7 de agosto de 1876 — Vincennes, 15 de outubro de 1917), conhecida como Mata Hari, foi uma dançarina exótica dos Países Baixos acusada de espionagem que foi condenada à morte por fuzilamento, durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Em diferentes ocasiões sua vida foi alvo da curiosidade de biógrafos, romancistas e cineastas. Ao longo do tempo, Mata Hari transformou-se em uma espécie de símbolo da ousadia feminina. (pt) Ма́та Ха́ри (Mata Hari; — 15 октября 1917 года), настоящее имя — Маргарета Гертруда Зелле (нидерл.

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle) — исполнительница экзотических танцев и куртизанка голландского происхождения, которая известна шпионской деятельностью во время Первой мировой войны.

(ru) 玛塔·哈里（英语：Mata Hari，1876年8月7日－1917年10月15日）是荷兰人瑪格麗莎·赫特雷达·泽莱（Margaretha Geertruida Zelle）的艺名，是20世纪初知名交际花，一战期间与欧洲多国军政要人、社会名流都有关联，最终在巴黎以德国间谍罪名被法军枪毙。玛塔·哈里传奇式的人生在西方世界有着很高的知名度，后世许多学者也致力于研究她的间谍身份，对当时的判决提出许多置疑。玛塔·哈里的形象也经常出现在各种书籍、电影等文化作品之中，在西方文化中有一定的影响。 (zh) Receiving a conviction for pro-German espionage from French military courts in World War I (en) comment Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (Leeuwarden, Países Bajos, 7 de agosto de 1876 - Vincennes, cerca de París, 15 de octubre de 1917) más conocida como Mata Hari, fue

 una famosa bailarina, actriz y espía, condenada a muerte por espionaje y ejecutada por fusilamiento en 1917, durante la I Guerra Mundial (1914-1918).

La palabra matahari significa, en idioma malayo, sol y literalmente "ojo del día". (es) Margaretha Geertruida "Margreet" MacLeod (née Zelle; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari, was a Dutch Frisian exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being a spy and executed by firing squad in France under charges of espionage for Germany during World War I. (en) Era figlia di Adam Zelle (1840-1910) e di Antje van der Meulen (1842-1891), ed ebbe tre fratelli, il maggiore, Johannes (1878), e due fratelli gemelli, Arie Anne e Cornelius (1881-1956). Il padre aveva un negozio di cappelli, era proprietario di un mulino e di una fattoria. La sua famiglia poteva permettersi di vivere molto agiatamente in un antico e bel palazzo di Groote Kerkstraat, nel centro della città.

(it) マタ・ハリ（Mata Hari、1876年8月7日 - 1917年10月15日）は、フランスのパリを中心に活躍したマレー系オランダ人の踊り子（ダンサー）、ストリッパー。第一次世界大戦中にスパイ容疑でフランスに捕らえられ、有罪判決を受けて処刑された。「マタ・ハリ」はダンサーとしての芸名であり、本名はマルガレータ・ヘールトロイダ・ツェレ（Margaretha Geertruida Zelle）。世界で最も有名な女スパイとして、女スパイの代名詞的存在となった。 (ja) Mata Hari, pseudoniem van Margaretha Geertruida (Griet) Zelle (Leeuwarden, 7 augustus 1876 - Vincennes, 15 oktober 1917), was een Nederlandse exotische danseres. Ze werd door de Fransen schuldig bevonden aan spionage en wegens hoogverraad gefusilleerd.

(nl) Margaretha Gertruida Zelle (Leeuwarden, 7 de agosto de 1876 — Vincennes, 15 de outubro de 1917), conhecida como Mata Hari, foi uma dançarina exótica dos Países Baixos acusada de espionagem que foi condenada à morte por fuzilamento, durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Em diferentes ocasiões sua vida foi alvo da curiosidade de biógrafos, romancistas e cineastas. Ao longo do tempo, Mata Hari transformou-se em uma espécie de símbolo da ousadia feminina. (pt) Ма́та Ха́ри (Mata Hari; — 15 октября 1917 года), настоящее имя — Маргарета Гертруда Зелле (нидерл. Margaretha Geertruida Zelle) — исполнительница экзотических танцев и куртизанка голландского происхождения, которая известна шпионской деятельностью во время Первой мировой войны.

(ru) 玛塔·哈里（英语：Mata Hari，1876年8月7日－1917年10月15日）是荷兰人瑪格麗莎·赫特雷达·泽莱（Margaretha Geertruida Zelle）的艺名，是20世纪初知名交际花，一战期间与欧洲多国军政要人、社会名流都有关联，最终在巴黎以德国间谍罪名被法军枪毙。玛塔·哈里传奇式的人生在西方世界有着很高的知名度，后世许多学者也致力于研究她的间谍身份，对当时的判决提出许多置疑。玛塔·哈里的形象也经常出现在各种书籍、电影等文化作品之中，在西方文化中有一定的影响。 (zh) ماتا هاري (بالهولندية:Mata Hari) (1876-1917) هو الاسم الفني التي اشتهرت به مارجاريتا جِرترودا "جريتشي" زيلي، وهي أشهر جاسوسة في التاريخ الحديث.

كانت راقصة هولندية-جرمانية، وأيضاً مومساً لدى رجال الطبقة العليا من المجتمع، تم إعدامها من قبل الفرنسيين رميا بالرصاص بتهمة التجسس عليهم خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى.أصبحت مادة شديدة الثراء للأدباء والمؤرخين وصناع السينما، وأطلق عليها لقب جاسوسة الجاسوسات ورسموا لها صورة الفتاة الجميلة الساحرة التي أوقعت كبار الساسة في هواها وغوايتها. (ar) Mata Hari (javanesisch: Auge des Tages = Sonne) war der Künstlername der niederländischen Tänzerin Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (* 7. August 1876 in Leeuwarden; † 15. Oktober 1917 in Vincennes). Während ihrer Ehe verwandte sie auch die Namen Marguerite Campbell und Lady Gretha MacLeod.

Als Spionin für den deutschen Geheimdienst führte sie den Decknamen H 21.Ihre Lebensgeschichte war bislang Stoff für über 250 Bücher und ein Dutzend Filme. Die Quellenlage ist jedoch nach wie vor dünn, basiert doch nur ein Bruchteil dieser Bücher und Filme auf verlässlichen Quellen. (de) Mata Hari, de son vrai nom Margaretha Geertruida « Grietje » Zelle, est une danseuse et courtisane née le à Leeuwarden (Pays-Bas), et morte le à Vincennes (France), fusillée pour espionnage pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. (fr) Mata Hari, właściwie Margaretha Geertruida McLeod, z domu Zelle (ur. 7 sierpnia 1876 w Leeuwarden, zm. 15 października 1917 w Vincennes pod Paryżem) – holenderska tancerka, która pod takim właśnie pseudonimem zdobyła sławę w Europie Zachodniej początku XX wieku.

(pl) Mata Hari • Biography & Facts Mata Hari Mata Hari Margaretha Geertruida "Margreet" Zelle MacLeod (7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari, was a Frisian exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being a spy and executed by firing squad in France under charges of espionage for Germany during World War I. Personal facts

Question: By what name is Margaretha Geertruida Macleod (nee Zelle) better known?
Answer: Mata Hari