Free Jazz Age Fonts - Play Your Own Melody - MonsterPost By Helga Moreno access_time 2 years ago chat_bubble_outline 5 No ratings yet. “It's always fun to talk about jazz”. Clint Eastwood So, why not? Let’s talk about it. We are almost sure that if we ask you what jazz is, you’ll answer something like this: “Oh, everybody knows what is jazz, it’s… it’s… hmm… not sure how to explain…” Are we right? If you are not a professional musical critic the question might turn out to be much more complicated than it seemed at the beginning. But, please don’t worry about the definitions and let us tell a few words about this inconceivable music genre. What is jazz? A deeper meaning Yea, it’s the truth that all of us have heard jazz music. Somebody is crazy about it, somebody stays indifferent to the genre, somebody switches the radio station as soon as they hear the first jazz chords. Nevertheless, most of people, especially the ones whose professions are connected to art somehow, like jazz and know a lot of facts from its history. But it’s really difficult to word jazz as a term. Why? Because this music genre is really special.

We can compare it to the changeable wind, running water or a naughty child with unstable behavior. Jazz is extremely mutable. This is the reason why it is so difficult to grasp its true spirit. Jazz should be in your soul, in your mind and lifestyle to entirely understand it. [related_posts] When asked what the definition of jazz was, Louis Armstrong famously replied, "If you've got to ask, you'll never know." But TemplateMonster’s copywriters are rather stubborn and curious, so I will try to draw you a general concept of this music. Are you ready to submerge into the wonderful world of jazz? Great! Because a nice bonus is waiting for the most attentive readers. What will it be? Free classy Jazz Age fonts or free 1920s fonts, you may call them as you like. Are you interested? Then, we will continue the narration. Jazz is a whole music culture based on a set of conventions and common skills that allow musicians create. Create collectively, spontaneously, and with minimum preparation. I don’t know how but they get highly original, personal and complicated music with the help of this technique. From a theoretical standpoint, jazz music tends to use more complex harmony than pop music in general.

Jazz relies heavily on 7 chords, whereas pop music usually contains triads only, for example. The multiple variations you do to a basic song structure as written in a song book. It usually involves at least three things: 'shifting' the notes of the melody, changing the chords progression, and/or playing with different beats per bar. The jazziest thing is that a real jazz musician can always do these things differently each time they play the same basic song. That is: their disposal of variations can be endless. Here’s how Ken Burns characterizes jazz in “Jazz, a History of America's Music” (1999). “It is America's music, born out of a million American negotiations. Between having and not having; between happy and sad; country, and city; between black and white, and men and women; between the old Africa, and the old Europe, that could have only happened in an entirely new world. It is an improvisational art, making itself up as it goes along, just like the country that gave it birth. It rewards individual expression, but demands selfless collaboration. It is forever changing, but nearly always rooted in the blues.

It has a rich tradition and its own rules, but it is brand new every night. It is about just making a living, and taking terrible risks. Losing everything and finding love. Making things simple, and dressing to the nines. It has enjoyed huge popularity and survived hard times, but it has always reflected Americans - all Americans, at their best... Above all, it swings." - Right into the bull’s eye, from our viewpoint. You might be interested to know that the city of New Orleans calls itself "the birthplace of jazz," but there is some controversy surrounding this claim, as Kansas City and Chicago have similar claims. Actually, the Jazz Age was the period of time between the end of World War I and the Great Depression. Jazz music was born around 1895 (the beginning of the 20th century) in the southern US, predominantly in black communities. Jazz music is a combination of Ragtime, marching band music and blues. Jazz brought dozens of new dance steps to America. The most popular dances included the Charleston, Black Bottom, Tango, Shimmies, and the Trot. People began to express themselves more during this time.

Women start attending bars, drinking, smoking and wearing more seductive clothing. Women at this period also received the right to vote finally. F. Scott Fitzgerald's book the "Great Gatsby" was based on the Jazz Age. He is the one who actually named this time in history "The Jazz Age". Swing Jazz is considered to be popular dance music which is played from printed musical arrangements. Bebop Jazz focuses more on small groups and simple arrangements played solo or in small groups. It’s safe to say that jazz was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. African pedigree is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhytms, syncopation and the swung note. From its early development until the present day jazz has also incorporated music from American pop. Gypsy Jazz is known as "Jazz Manouche" in France. The modern drum set was invented namely by jazz musicians. Jazz continues to evolve and as the music has developed and spread around the world it has drawn on many different national, regional and local musical cultures giving rise to many distinctive styles. Historically different regions have been identified with different styles of Jazz.

For example, Chicago and New Orleans Jazz dates from the early 1910s, Kansas City Jazz, Gypsy Jazz, and big band style swing from the 1930s and 1940s, and more recently bebop, Afro-Cuban Jazz, Brazilian Jazz, Jazz-Rock Fusion, and even Acid Jazz. Louis Armstrong, a trumpeter, band leader and singer, contributed greatly to the popularization of jazz and became known as the Ambassador of Jazz. The first jazz player to play with a full orchestra was Mary Lou Williams. The oldest remaining jazz club is "The Village Vanguard" in New York City. It was opened in 1935. Did you know? Or Interesting facts about jazz The word 'jazz' doesn't exactly have the deepest meanings or origins. In its earlier days, 'to jazz' meant to fornicate, 'jazzing' meant 'having sex,' a 'jazzbo' was a lover of ladies while a jazz baby was an easy woman. A rather dirty implication, isn’t it? According to the grapevine, Clarence Williams saved the jazz face.

He was the first songwriter to use the word in a song and somehow, it just got stuck in the lingo of that time, going on to be the name of one of the world's greatest genres of music. Jazz is the most hybrid form of music in the world. It has drawn from the largest number of influences, including everything from African rhythms, to European Chamber Music to modern day pop elements. Most jazz musicians will concur that Louisiana has out the greatest volume of jazz musicians and instrumentalists in the world. This makes it just as famous for its jazz unease as it is for its crawfish, gumbo and crooked politics. This is probably why the quote "New Orleans is the only place I know of where you ask a little kid what he wants to be and instead of saying "I want to be a policeman," or "I want to be a fireman," he says, I want to be a musician" by Alan Jaffe became so famous. The Saxophone is quite easily one of the most distinct jazz instruments around but it never found a place in the genre until 1920.

Previously cited as a Belgian instrument reserved for chambers and orchestral performances, it was America's 6 Brown Brothers who brought it to the limelight in jazz as recording stars and since then, at the risk of sounding trite, there's been no looking back. Jazz portrays an unusual duality as far as music genres go. While today most people consider it a genre of the elite and well-established, its roots are quite the opposite. It truly evolved from the oppressed lifestyle of the Black community in America and plenty of vulgarities as can be noted by the origin of the word itself. Miles Davis, often hailed as one of Jazz's premier artists, had a nickname that not many people knew of. He was called 'The Prince of Darkness.' He earned this reputation especially amongst music critics and media people due to the impossible task of breaking the ice with this maestro in interviews. His album ‘Kind of Blue’ is regarded as the gold standard of all jazz albums and it was only later in his immaculate career that Davis began to show signs of his 'darkness,' because he began to move in a direction few critics could understand. And his refusal to talk to media people only made him that much more elusive and mysterious.

John Coltrane, another legendary jazz musician, actually has a church named after him in San Francsico's Western Addition District. Many believe this is because of his single ‘A Love Supreme’, which is apparently a prayer inspired by a man's dedication to his faith, post overcoming addiction. As such, the church has a mural of Coltrane above its altar and uses his musical exploration as an explanation for, and an inspiration to, their faith in the divine. Though we've named several other geniuses of jazz, it was W.C. Handy to be considered the true 'Father of the Blues' since he laid the foundation for both blues and jazz. Scott Joplin became the pioneer for ragtime and Dett. We know him as the premier face for classical piano jazz. Free Jazz Age fonts Do you think it’s possible to combine jazz and web design? Easily! Creative designers also improvise all the time and each next project differs from its ancestor. If you have imbued with jazz style and are in the proper mood now, we are ready to give you a powerful instrument to play on.

You don’t need to be a musician to use it, just stay who you are as there is some space for jazz in the soul of every artist. What about a bit of jazz style typography? Improvise with free jazz fonts featured for you below to bring more of this genre to the web. Would you like to know how the fonts evolved during the “Jazz Age”? We had a nice chat above, but it was more about music, feelings and emotions, than about fonts. (Cheer up; we will come back to that later, at the end of our blog post). However, it’s easy to restore the justice by talking about fonts of the 20th century right now. What happened to them that time? "In typography, the last decade of the Twentieth Century was a period of great expectations, significant technological progress, many experiments and controversial results," – Peter Biľak. The first digital type foundries were created in the mid-80s, and early 90s. The pioneers of the industry were Emigre (1984), then FontShop (1991), and smaller firms like T26, House Industries, Garage Fronts, Thirstype etc.

To tell you the truth, the work of these firms was quite similar and we’ve got a simple explanation for that. Question at issue is that technological aspects of type have taken control over the profession, whereas before fonts were really unique creations. In 1985, Adobe Systems introduced PostScript, which was a real breakthrough. For those who are not sure what PostScript is we will specify that this is a language for defining graphical pages, which means that for the first time ever, designers got total control over the entire creative process. TrueType also came out around this time by Apple Computers as a kind of competition to Adobe. Within a few years, designers had made the same amount of new typefaces as they had created during the entire 500–year history of typography. The accessibility and prices reduction in the field of computer technology resulted in the so-called ‘democratization’ of the type design profession. The evolution of digital technology meant that typeface design was no longer the area of narrow field specialists. Some people viewed the democratization of typography as a threat to the professional designers’ existence. They thought that with the democratization, anyone could simply buy the means to create comparable work.

It would become difficult to sell a font and typographers would have hard times trying to explain the difference between the work of a professional and that of an amateur. Since graphic design and typography were not classified as 'professions', an explanation like this would be quite difficult to make. Many self-confident experts found themselves making obscure attempts to emphasize these unclear differences that time. In 1990, Matthew Carter, a British typographer, finally concluded: “As part of the democratization of industry, the creation of type has been demystified.” Key players on 20th century font design field Edward Johnston (1872-1944). He is considered the 'father' of the 20th century revival of formal lettering. His most well-known design is the block letter for London Underground, which is based on Classical Roman proportions. Otto Eckmann (1865 -1902). He created the Eckmann script. Otto Eckmann designed a script of his own, which matched the Jugendstil ideal of form.

Influenced by neither antiqua nor Fraktur, it is what is known as a bastard script, freely constructed by the script designer, which would exert enormous influence on developments in typography. William Morris, an English artist, writer, and craftsman. He was unable to find types, paper, or printing that satisfied his high standards. So, he decided to learn the art of printing. In 1891 he founded the Kelmscott Press. He designed special types with the aid of his friend Emery Walker. Morris' books, printed by hand on the handmade paper, were considered the finest of the early books. Frederic William Goudy, the American type designer. He created more than 100 faces during his long career of a printer, editor, and typographer. In 1908 he began a long association with the Lanston Monotype Corporation, for which he did much of his best work. Among his types were Forum and Trajan, which were based on the roman capital letters inscribed on Trajan's Column; Goudy Modern, his most successful text face; and a number of black-letter and display faces. Many of these were intended for the Monotype. Alfred A.

Knopf. Designed a number of typefaces for the Linotype, two of which (Electra and Calaedonia) have had wide use in American bookmaking. Eric Gill (1882-1940). He is well known as a British typographer, sculptor and engraver. Common fonts he designed are Gill Sans and Perpitua. Sol Hess (1886-1902). Was an extremely influential designer of the 20th century mostly appreciated for his development of complete font families, like Twentieth Century and his role in Century Gothic. That’s all for now. It’s time to return from our historical excursus. But, please, make no mistake. The 20th century fonts didn’t sink into oblivion. They are still willingly used by contemporary designers. So, the circle of “Jazz Age” fonts is still closed and who knows when it will break. Nothing can last forever, but jazz music as well as jazz fonts convince us otherwise. History of Visual Communication I.docx - Graphic Design 252001 with Mahoney at Virginia Commonwealth University - StudyBlue Good to have you back!

If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. History of Visual Communication I.docx History of Visual Communication I.docx Bridget H. File Size: 79 Views: 80 Advertisement Advertisement 8/28/12 2:11 PM (Europe) Industrial Revolution changed from a rural, agrarian culture into an urban manufacturing society. Man and beast technology and machines Farm factory All aspects of the human condition were irrevocably altered… Work Leisure Transportation Communication New class system Working class Expansion of manufacturing and trade created a global society Japan For 200 years Japan had developed in complete isolation. Its military closed off the border because of the threat of Christian missionaries Culturally Politically Aesthetically 1854 Commodore Matthew C. Perry forces Japan to open its borders. Result of sudden exposure to Japan = a western mania for all things Japanese. How did this impact Western Art? “Japonisme” coined in 1872 which classified the mania around the deep influence of Japanese aesthetic, which significantly changed palette, style or subject matter. Moving towards abstraction, and conception and away from perception.

Ukiyo-e prints: Mass-produced colored woodcuts Early prints were of scenes of Kabuki theatre plays, geisha and courtesans as well as erotica Popular in Japan during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. “pictures of the floating world” These simplified shapes became important to printmakers and poster designers Type and image became unified Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec forged a poster style free of western perspective and modeling. Printing press allowed for faster and easier production Simplification of line, boldness of color, engagement of typography and image Will Bradley, American printmaker and illustrator, inspired by Ukiyo-e prints Art Nouveau 1890-1910 “new art” The name came from an art shop that sold all things Japanese in Paris Challenged the conventions of Victorian design Inventing new forms rather than copying forms from historical models Drew on the fluid lines and writhing curves of flowing forms, females, exotic plants, flowers and insects. Aimed at raising “minor arts” to a high critical and theoretical status. **Functionality became inseparable from beauty** Social aim- providing uplifting surroundings at a price affordable to a broad segment of society rather than just the privileged few.

Victorian Design Works from the 19th century characterized by eclectic confusion from mixing motifs and forms from many different periods and cultures Historicism Copying work from the past, Buildings and design from the Gothic era especially were often mimicked by the Victorians. **Image 1172 by Hans Christianson, German literary magazine A number of styles France, America, and Belgium- Art Nouveau Germany- Jugendstil –“youth style” Austria- Secession Italy- Stile Liberty Span- Modernismo A process of reduction- reducing to simpler image, line, color, subject, DETAIL. Frank Lloyd Wright- did everything- designed glass windows, architecture, graphic design, furniture Evolved the curvilinear style to a more rectilinear approach Famous for praire style of home Meyer May house- 1908-9 Frank was inspired by 1893 Colombian exhibition or “World Fair” that came to Chicago. Japan brought their architectural style ex. “Phoenix Hall.” Rectilinear spatial dividers Strongly influenced his aesthetic beliefs. Has designed over 4300 stain glass windows for his homes Interior, Architect, and Graphic Designer. The House Beautiful by William C Gannet was illustrated by Frank by hand.

The Eve of St. Agnes by John Keats Frank had a brownie camera- new invention of a portable camera- and went to Japan to photograph the Japanese palaces, and begins to incorporate it into his designs. ****Acculturation: The process of absorbing between cultures resulting in new patterns Frank’s “Falling Water” house in Penn is an example of how homes can become part of the surroundings and become unified “An organic design had entity. The part is to the whole as the whole is to the part” Changed entire philosophy of design after visiting Japan. Builds from the inside out, interior to exterior Functions as a home and nature. Rooms flow Organic thought process Inspired Charles Rennie Mackintosh: 1868-1955 Scottish furniture designer Leader of a group of Scottish artists called the Four 1890’s “The Four” Charles Rennie Mackintosh Margaret Macdonald Frances Macdonald J. Herbert McNair All went to the Glasgow School of Arts Began the idea of modernism which was inspired from Art Nouveau Their ideas spread through Europe Strong Vertical Lines Stain glass, printing Organic ideas, meaning, symbolism in work. Talwin Morris Inspired by the Four, Scottish.

Art Director at Publishing Firm “Blackies” selling books, printing volumes and selling by the millions Bringing the new aesthetic to the masses, everyone gets to see this new direction, not creating anything new, he’s sees, and takes the idea, puts it on mass produced books, and now the world knows of the artists and the art movement Cheap but beautiful and radically different. created a system of efficiency and order. Austria - secession Kunstlerhaus = Vienna’s Creative Artists’ Association Controlled: Members’ sales Access to public Access to foreign art Gustav Klimt: spearheaded a dissident breakaway movement from the Kunstlerhaus. The Vienna Secession April 3rd 1887 The Idylle Went from this ^ to “The Kiss” > The Naked Truth: Koloman Moser Image 1220 Involving into more geometric design Inspired by the Mcdonald sisters stain glass in Glascow Image 1221 His mature style, breaking up type, blocking. More geometry, simplification of forms.

Walter Crane’s book of Line and Form British illustrator Alfred Roller Set design and scene painting Complex line and tone work Pocket watch covers “Day and Night”- ying yang fascination with texture Image 1223 Repetition of geometric form Image 1224 Moving further into the abstract to define form Josef Hoffmann Architect who was also a designer Reduction and simplification Vienna Workshops Produced buildings, furnishings Sought a close union of pure and applied arts in design. Function, honesty to materials and harmonious proportion were emphasized Started orginially so master craftsman could work on designs Ver Sacrum = “Sacred Spring” Radical design, new typography A publication that spread ideas about art Experimentation of everything- inks, paper, imaging, typography…etc Outgrowing the Kunstlerhaus Image 1216 Line drawing in poem. Adolf Loos wrote a bombastic article that slammed the Victorian architecture. Very controversial. Called it nothing but useless façade. Called for a functional simplicity that banished “useless decoration” in any form. The father of minimalist design Villa Karma built in 1906 Germany Peter Behrens Architect, painter, graphic designer etc. Black letter: old manuscript, gothic typography.

Believed architecture and typography provided “the most characteristic picture of the period.” Akzidenz Grotesk by the Berthold Foundry J.L. Mathieu Lauweriks developed an approach to design based on geometric composition. Circle square theory Behrens pushed 20th Century design toward rational geometry as an underlying system for visual organization. Behrens applied Lauweriks theories in his architecture and design Image 1237 Deutsche Werkbund = German Association of Graftsmen Advocated a marriage of art and technology Recognized the value of machines. Called for a unity of standards and aesthetics Gesamkultur A new universal culture that could reform man-made environment. Image 1239 Electricity is at the cutting edge of the technology made environment. AEG prime electric company, logo made by Behrens. Behrens design program for the AEG is considered the first comprehensive visual identity program. Behrens created a type design for a particular company “Behrens antiqua”- unique for that company, in a community that only used black letter, and had a solid logo, and layout. Monumental for AEG as the front runner in modern companies. Trademark.

Peter Behrens “The first industrial designer” Image 1242- tea kettles, street lamps Image 1244- mature graphic- created radiant energy from simple geometric shapes. Johnston’s Railway type based form geometric shapes, circle and squares. Pablo Picasso The man who created cubism, and challenged the 400 year old victorian art tradition les demoiselles d'avignon African mask inspiration Nude, Image 131 – almost sculptural instead of painting Created cubism Cubism “treat nature in terms of the cylinder and the sphere and the cone”- Paul Cezanne Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque began to show different points of view that happened at the same time. Analytical Cubism The process of fracturing forms from multiple points of view and then rearranging the elements on a flattened picture plane. Picasso “Man with violin” image 133 Around 1912, cubism became more sculptural 1913- color and ready mades became part of the canvas He challenges the intellectual skill of what it means to be an artist. Synthetic Cubism Invented forms that were signs rather than representations of the subject matter.

Juan Gris Math, structure, engineer/artist Underlying, rigorous structure to his canvas Sophisticated grid/ structure. This format was the precursor to modern design Outside/inside atmospheric perspective. Fernand Leger Image 135 1919 focus on the circle, cylinder, square point of view. The energy of the city World War I vet which greatly affected his art work. More abstraction and fragmentation Angel of Notredame, Leger’s book post war. Marcel Duchamp One of the most influential artists in the 20th century, bridged the gap between cubism and futurism. “A nude descending a staircase”- scandalous- cinematic, static, successive poses captured in one moment. Futurism Captured the effects of the machine –motion, speed, noise and war – on canvas, in sculpture and with typography. An art movement aligned with a political movement to revolutionize Italy. Sought to establish a new culture passed on the speed of the new machine age. Filippo Marinetti “manifesto” Mountains, valley’s and streets 1310 in book how does one read the poem? Discarded the vertical and horizontal way of type.

“Words in freedom” 1311 in book using type to illustrate poetry white space on a page, size of lettering, all show how to read. Guillaume Apollinaire “Calligrammes” Poems in which letterforms are arranged to form a visual design. Using letterforms in really different ways Manifesto of the Futurist Painters Destroy the cult of the past. Invalidate all imitation Elevate originality Regard art critics as useless and dangerous Eliminate all themes and subjects used in the past Support our glorious world that was transformed by victorious science Giacomo Balla Dynamism of the dog on a leash. Capturing sequence into one moment Image 1320 Rhythm of the violinist. Stephane Mallarme- related typography to musical score. Antonio Sant’Elia A paper architect He was killed in the war, so none of his designs were produced Vertical lines. Fortunato Depero- Italian bolted book guy Futurism, Graphic designer “Depero Futurista”- portfolio book with different colored bindings Typographic experimentation Two Different Reactions to the World War I: Nihilism: hopelessness, nothing would change, why would we try?

Idealism: ideas could transform society, which needed transformation Freud’s ideas began to snowball, Carl Marx’s ideas on socialism, schools where replaced by isms and movements—all because of the War’s new ideas and thoughts snowballing. Artists were inspired by the theories written by Freuds unconscious and dreams, they were turning inward because they rejected what was happening around them. “Dada”- weird shit.: hugo ball, marcel Duchamp, Hannah hoch, kurt schwitters, john heartfield, Short lived movement which evolved into surrealism A literary movement Began in 1916, in Switzerland, the Cabaret Voltaire “Anti-Art” shock and protest A movement of irreverent, unbridled protest against the state of western society that led to the First World War Nihilistic attitude- no hope, everything is nonsense, hopelessness Hugo Ball “Karawane” Nonsense poetry To replace the nonsense of the world, with their own nonsense. Marcel Duchamp One of the most influential artists of the Dada movement. “ready-mades” Bottle rack- 1914, bought it and put it in the art show.

Tristan Tzara Hungarian poet, sound poetry Hannah Hoch Photo montage, nonsensical statements of the fashion industry Image 13.29 Kurt Schwitters Commercial artist Non political offshoot of the art movement Created “Merz” art movement 3D typographic letter art Merz painting, architecture, advertising German John Heartfield German Data artist Despised the Nazi party “Blut and Eisen” axes in nazi symbol collage and creating own imaging Image 13.37 The press was controlled by Hitler’s propaganda chief, who controlled what was pressed.

Image 13.41 “Oh tanenbaum, look at your branches” Image 13.38 Propaganda posters ^^ 13.43 George Grose, satire against the bushoire party Surrealism = superreality Andre Breton: The founder of serrealism “automatism” GET NOTES FOR THESE PEOPLE Max Ernst philosophy expressionist leader of French dad movement a kind of weakness 1934 collaged and copied dream logic Decalomania- ernists process of transferring images from printed matter to a drawing or painting dransfer drawing Verastic Surrealism dreamlike images were highly detailed see more Rene Magritte Belgium Image purpose different than object purpose Salvador Dali Plays with reality Painter Calligraphic Surrealism Designs evolved onto the canvas and flowed out form the unconscious mind Joan Miro Cryptic landscapes on the canvas Organic shapes “maternity” a picture must be fertile, must give birth to a world. Birthing process used birds as symbols Jean Arp “hanz arp” chance happenings, unplanned happenings German Expressionism to express emotions and the sense of a deeper reality.

Artists depicted subjective emotions and personal responses to subjects and events The Bridge Declared their independence in transforming subject matter until it conveyed unexpressed feelings Kathe Kollowitz Fits in the bridge category Showing subject matter, capturing something on an emotional level subject matter Using art to create social change Image 13.49 “I am horrified and shocked by all the hatred and socialism in the world?” The Blue Rider Capturing emotion rather than subject matter Redifined art as an object without subject matter that conveyed unexpressed feelings Wassily Kandinsky Musician Founding members of the blue rider Inventor of abstract art Image 13.50 Named his pieces after musical names Colors lines and forms convey mood Paul Klee Swiss, Blue rider Primitive symbols and figures. African art and children’s art Signs and symbols to create worlds of imagination 13.51 “Fish magic” 1925 Ballet Michanique Cinematic Dada movement Stop motion and performance pieces Un Chien Andalou Luis Bunuel and Salvador Dali Dog movie.. ****************TEST INFO*********************** Twenty slides, need to know title and artist only.

Go to black board for slide list 8 pages of picture slides true false multiple choice essay- 5 different subjects, worth 10 points TWO WEEKS AHHHH Do not need anything but pen or pencil VisualCommunications Password same. Russia Kasimir Malevich Founded a one man artistic movement called suprematism To “free art of the burden of the object” Eliminated all objects, nothing could be perceived but pure feeling with the geometric form He tried to encourage spiritual contemplation through pure geometric form that was entirely independent of the visible world. Image 15.5 “black square” Black instillation, or 0.10 instillation Pure geometry free floating in space Interested in a world less concerned with materiality Art should be separated from the needs of society*** seems important*** Russian Revolution = social role for art Suprematism ---- constructivism Constructivism: A geometric abstract art movement initially influenced by Suprematism. After the Russian Revolution they tried to creat a new society by applying geometric desing principles to all areas of life.

El Lissitzky Science and mathematical structure to his paintings Called his abstract paintings “prouns” which is Russian for “towards a new art” Proun G7, a formal exploration of different materials and opacity Socialist, needed to reach a larger audience, began to create propaganda for the socialist party 15.9- Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge. Began to create editorial assignments that spread constructivist ideas throughout Europe Published the “isms of art” 15.23 image. Russian ideas spread through world expiditions. Photo montage work Alexander Rodchenko The most copied graphic designer in the history of graphic design Russian propaganda work Renounced “art for art’s sake.” Call on the artist to stop producing useless things and instead communicate to the masses. Believed the duty of the artist as a citizen of the community is to help create a new life. Production is what fuels the economy 15.29 15.23 “Leftist” ideas: very liberal opinion, bleeding hearts, care about society, government take care of society. Pure communism, pure socialism in Russia, all about the people. Contrasting with the nationalists, monarchists, czar rule.

Leftist journal produced by communist government, for the people and workers. Photomontage was primarily used. Novyi Lef The creation of a new society required the creation of new forms. Revolutionary art required the active participation of the viewer, who would be transformed by the effort of interpreting the work. Made the communication stronger because of the participation of the viewer. Make viewer make meaning but are not lost in communication. Client was the government Constructivism Cubism: fractured subject matter into geometric forms. Invented forms as signs. Futurism: wanted to establish a new culture based on the machine age. Dada: sought to destroy the old order. Expressionism: believed art could affect social change. Suprematism Constructivism An abstract art movement that tried to create a new society by applying geometric design principles to all areas of life. De Stijl = The Style Founded in Holland in 1917 Common aim: find laws of equilibrium and harmony that would apply to life, society, and art. Imagery was characterized by primary colors, flat rectangular areas, and only straight horizontal and vertical lines.

Piet Mondrian Co founder of De Stijl Horizontal and vertical lines run in opposition to each other, but create a perfect harmony Believed there are two aspects to human nature- active and passive, male and female… To express this visually, he used vertical (male) and horizontal (female) lines. Believed the spiritual and formal clarity, the expression of pure reality comes from equilibrium. Red blue and yellow lines and squares. Neo-plasticism = the belief that art should not reproduce real objects, but express the absolutes of life- vertical and horizontal lines and the primary colors. Born Christiaan Emil Marie Küpper used the pseudonyms Theo van Doesburg--- graphic designer, architect, artist I.K Bonset--- wrote Dada’s poetry Aldo Camini--- anti-philosophical art critic Theo van Doesburg Co-founder of De Stijl Edited and published the journal De Stijl.] Believed that Dada could destroy the old order, then De Stijl could build a new order. 1921- big change in Doesburg work. – constructivist van Doesburg developed elementarism which declared the diagonal to be a more dynamic compositional principle than horizontal and vertical construction.

Bart van der Leck Simplified form, stylized form, representational Transformer wife portrait El Lissitzky- Russain constructivist Children’s book Geometric form Presented a new way of what a book was and how it functioned. Type and picture organization Gerrit Rietveld Designed the Schroeder House, a house that was the embodiment of the De Stijl movement The Bauhaus School of craftsmen ship and design Bauen = build + Haus = house Philosophy= “the complete building is the ultimate aim of all visual arts.” Image 16: 1 The Bauhaus at Weimar Founded April 12,1919 in Weimar, Germany by Walter Gropius. Combined Weimar Art Academy and the Weimar Arts and Crafts School. Sought a new unity of art and handicraft. Workshops co-taught by artist and craftsman. Walter Gropius First Director of the Bauhaus. Design philosophy = “form follows function” Was an apprentice to Peter Berhens and came from the Werkbund movement. Faculty included prominent Expressionist artist: Wassily Kandinsky Paul Klee Johannes Itten Johannes Itten Established the preliminary course.

Inspired AFO Art and Design schools all over the world Developed a color wheel based on expressionist theories. Analyzed Old Master paintings. Emphasized visual contrasts. Theo Van Doesburg Never taught at the Bauhaus. Lived in Weimar from 1921 until 1923 His home became a meeting place for Bauhaus students and faculty. Had a major impact on emerging Bauhaus style. Image 16.5 Laszlo Moholy-Nagy Hungarian Constructivist. Took over as director of the preliminary course and head of the Metal Workshop Re-invented Bauhaus toward mass-manufactured objects. See slide you missed it. Photograms = camera-less photography Photoplastics = photomontage Image 16.9, 16.10 The Bauhaus at Dessau 1925 -all the faculty resigned and moved to Dessau more liberal thinking town ran like a corporation Image 16.17 Gunta Stolzl Director of the Weaving Workshop. After 1923 exhibition, moved the weaving department to the forefront in developing prototypes for the textile industry.

Weaving department became of the most financially successful workshops of the Bauhaus First woman professor Josef Albers Took over a portion of Itten’s preliminary course. Taught through experimentation. Like Itten, became primarily interested in color and began an in-depth study of color theory. Herbert Bayer Former student of the Bauhaus. After passing hiss final journeyman’s exam, was appointed head of the Printing and Advertising Workshop. Created universal alphabet Image 16.20 16.21 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Famous for his dictum “Less is more” The Bauhaus at Berlin History of Visual Communication I 8/28/12 2:11 PM Technological advances in printing changed the visual language of the poster. Found a way to print in 4-5 colors to get the full color scale.

1895- Turn of the century The Beggarstaffs Met in art school James Pride and William Nichaelson Lithographic poster painters Name came from a bag… Sketched with scissors Simplified graphcis Participation of completing the image “Don Quixote” Dudley Hardy “A Ga’ety Girl” poster of a play bringing this art to the masses because of the production Plakatstil: poster style Flat color Adominant simple image Product name 1900’s reductive style and overlap Lucien Bernahard Priester matches Painted his house in color and got kicked out. Caused the birth of plakatstil Founder Stiller Shoes Type designer Sachplakat = object poster Coined in Germany to describe a new type of poster which featured a realistic representation of the product and little else.

“The poster goes to war” the poster is used for propagandistic techniques for both world wars Julius Gipkens Symbolism in posters German eagle perched on the war plane Used nationalist black letter typographic style James Flagg “I Want You” uncle sam poster inspired from a poster 2 years earlier by Alfred Leets direct eye communication Saville Lumley American poster designer Very illustrative, not Plakastil J.C. Leyendecker Became a star, really famous illustrator Magazine cover artist Liberty image J. Paul Verees “Victory Garden” Ludwig Hohlwein Used more patternization Simple forms and textures and flat color World War II Ludwig Hohlwein became Hitler’s propaganda tool in poster communication. Flat color Simple form E. McKnight Kauffer The Daily Herald British Illustrator Soaring to Success Cubofuturism A.M.

Cassandre Simple shapes and shading French poster Dubonnet Sequential piece Type face “Bifur” that Cassandre for a type foundry Inspiried by Art Deco art movement “Pinot” typeface named after the foundry upper and lower case font, family light, regular, and bold Austin Cooper Southern Railway in Pairs British designer Inspiried by synthetic cubism Signs Work for the London underground Heinz Schulz- Neudamm Art Deco Design for the film “Metropolis” Classic typography: rules to be followed “The New Typography”- change in book design in the 20th century asymmetric design. Elementary in form without embellishment, e.g. sans-serif Ultimate function: communication Jan Tschichold One of the most influential typographers in the the 20th century Trained traditionally trained calligrapher; studied in Leipzig, Germany. Attended 1923 Bauhaus Exhibition in Weimar and then became a modernist. Explained the new typography to a wide audience of printers, typesetters and designers.

Needed to make a statement in the midst of a competitive environment Got captured by germans, really shook him up, denounced the “new typography” went back to classic typography Eric Gill Student of Edward Johnston, who revived the art of calligraphy in England. Designed Gill Sans which combines characteristics of Johnston’s Underground Type with humanist typefaces. Interested in many things, illustrator, sculptor, engraver, writer, catholic Worked for the monotype foundry Paul Renner Designed Futura, the most widely used geometric sans-serif family. A designer, teacher, and author of books on typographic design. Pure geometry Stanley Morison Typographic advisor to Monotype Supervised the design of a major 20th century typeface for The Times of London: Times New Roman or Times Roman. Times New Roman was the first font digitized. Otto Neurath Venetian sociologist Conceived a system of elementary pictographs to communicate complex statistical data. Isotype = International System of Typographic Picture Education. Henry Beck An electrical draftsman Created a London Underground map, graphically simplifying a conventional map with a grid and color coding. Piet Zwart Had no formal training in typography or graphic design.

Uninhibited by rules and methods of traditional designers Called himself a typotect – architect and typographer Understood special organization. Horizontality and verticality of de stile. Multiple sizes and faces of influences Inspired by futurist poets From the Netherlands Hendrik Werkman Dutch Influenced by the avant gard, and influenced it as well? Printmaker Ran a small printing firm and produced one of a kind compositions called druksels (prints) Used type as concrete visual form as well as communication. Willem Sandberg Stedelijk Museum- most significant museum in graphic design history One of the most significant graphic designers in history Designed all of the printed material for the museum Huge body of work Explored positive and negative space and how we see typography. Influenced by time spent underground hiding from nazi’s He worked against the nazi’s, forging documents, was a target of the nazi party. Worked with torn paper Herbert Matter Applied ideas of modern design to photography Designed poster for Swiss National Tourist Office Family ran a ski lodge Pioneered extreme contrasts of scale. Uncommon camera angles Hierarchy of scale diagonal of typography ‘Merica.

20’s and 30’s dominated by traditional illustration, “Golden years of illustration” in America, the illustrations were dominating publications, it was entertainment, they made bank. European design did not make it until the 30’s Everything looked the same, same visual language Lester Beall Brought modernism from Europe to America Midwestern designer, read European journals Became interested in European modernism Changed graphic design and advertising for ever One of the first American graphic designers to incorporate European modernist ideas into his work and in turn, American culture. used elementary signs for the illiterate, bold silk screen colors and patterns. Rural Electrification administration Used intuitive ways to print on budget with paper company Mixing black and white and full color Erte 1892- 1990 Born in Russia, came to America Worked in theatre and film Established reputation in Paris for his designs of sets and costumes A prominent designer working in the art deco style Brought the style to American fashion Very geometric designs and patterns Ornamentation From 1924 until 1937 he had an exclusive contract to design covers and fashion illustrations for Harper’s Bazaar incorporate the letterforms into the illustrations only illustrator Dr.

Mehemed Fehmy Agha Trained and educated in Paris Born in the Ukraine He revitalized editorial design for Conde Nast He was the art director for Vogue, Vanity Fair, and House & Garden in the late 20s and early 30s One of the first to bring a colored photograph to imaging design Changed the mast head for vanity fair for every issue Alexey Brodovitch Born in Russia Designed store displays and everything else.. Was the art director of Harper’s Bazaar from 1934 until 1958 Had a passion for white space and a love of razor sharp type on clear, open pages Rethought the approach to editorial design, seeking a musical feeling in the flow of text and pictures. Image inspired how the txt moved using text to reflect the imaging working with photographers as part of the process of direction the magazine aesthetic Small camera allowed photos to be shot on location, using natural light. Dynamic diagonals A lot of artists and intellectuals fled to the USA from Germany and Europe as a result of WWII “flight of the intellectuals.” Caused the huge increase of modernist design because of the fluxuation of new talent.

Joseph Binder While in Vienna he constructed images from planes After immigrating to the US in 1935, design qualities were subordinated to pictorial imagery Herbert Bayer Moved to NY to look for work as part of the flight Published a World Geo-graphic Atlas Dedicated the rest of his career to this Huge milestone in pictorial data Color coding, symbols Data configuration in graphic terms Jean Carlu 1900-1989 French Lost his right arm 1940 came to US France at War exhibition in US Never went back Herbert Matter Swiss alps family Came to US Great influences in his life Molded plastic chairs inducted into the art directors hall of fame in 1977 Ladislav Sutner Redesigned “sweet s” Structural layout of the catalogs San serif typography Color coding Navigation through a catalogue simply and in a functional manner Very modernist terms Lots of shapes First information architect Will Burton Heavily influenced by the Bauhaus Innovative print solutions to show complicated subject Complicated topics- simple terms Walter P.

Paepcke Patron of arts and design A Chicago industrialist who founded Container Corporation of America Recognized that design could serve both a pragmatic business function and become a major cultural thrust Was an advocate and patron of design NOT a designer ad about what the corporation is about Educating and elevating mass communication Switzerland Multilingual country which was very significant in the history of graphic design Influential educators, switzerlands neutrality, central locality. The International Typographic Style “Swiss Design” A symmetrical order based on a Mathematical grid system Structured layout Unjustified sans-serif type Objective photography and text presenting information in a clear factual manner. Very factual and to-the-point photography, with no emotional or subjective feelings. This style evolved because there was a national program with posters and great educators, its three languages… Ernst Keller Teacher at the Zuric School of Aplied arts. Stressed clarity and legibility. Mentored the generation of artists who would create the world leading International Typographic Style.

International Typographic Style = Swiss Design Théo Ballmer Student of Ernst Keller Combined mathematical grid into his work Same principals as de stile Horizontality and verticality in an underlying grid to his work He made an original application of de Stijl principles to graphic design, using a grid of horizontal and vertical alignments. Max Bill Swiss architect, painter, and sculptor, as well as graphic, Exhibition and industrial designer. He believed it was possible to develop an art on the basis of mathematical thinking. Co-founder of the Institute of Design in Ulm, Germany becoming it’s first director. Max Huber Caotic, complex designs Printing and ink looks on page, photography Ink over lay, orientation, transparency Anton Stankouski German designer Experimented with photographic imagery Major contribution: ability to create visual symbol for very complex unseen processes. Adrian Frutiger In 1954, he created a visually programmed family of twenty-one sans serif fonts named Univers. rationality, clarity assigned a numeric organization to the typeface. Table of elements?

Edward Hoffman and Maz Miedinger refined akzidnez grotesk came out with Helvetica Herman Zapf Calligrapher and printer Designed his first typeface at age 21 Understood calligraphy, self taught Unusual view of typefaces Basel School of Design Emil Ruder One of the typography teachers in Basel Legibility and readability are two different things Armin Hofmann Taught graphic design at Basel and evolved a graphic language of font line and plain Replaced traditional….. ask leah Carlo Vivarelli Object perspective and tone Josef Muller- Brockmann Sought an absolute and universal graphic expression through an objective and impersonal presentation. Influenced by constructivism. Communicated without the interference of the designers subjective feelings. He did not use propagandistic techniques of persuasion Advocate for social responsibility Scale shift for drama the most influential that came out of Switzerland that came out of the 20th century co founder of “Neue Grafik” trilingual journal, german French and English.

Objective and function typography and photography San-serif typography This is why this became so international because of the languages The International Style in America Major Swiss impact in America Rudolph De Harak designed over 350 book jackets for McGraw-Hill, using a common typographic system and grid. Jacqueline S. Casey Director of the Design Services Office at MIT Working with Ralph Coburn, Dietmar Winkler, and Arnold Saks The international typographic style is what started in Switzerland and then spread over the world The New York School Strong conceptual attitude Adopted European modernism Captist and competitive values Cultural and ethnic diversities All of these factors made the New York School Paul Rand Began as editorial, then advertising Had a strong knowledge of the modern movement, especially the work of Klee, Kandinsky, and the cubists. Understood that freely invented shapes could have a self-contained life, both symbolic and expressive, as a visual-communications tool. Simplicity and strong visual imagery A great teacher, form to form, form to content.

Creating relationships Alvin Lustig Book jacket cover designs Symbol imagery that communicated the content of great literary works Manipulated visual form Bradbury Thompson One of the most influential graphic designers in the 20th century Printing Constrained budgets He explored 18th and 19th century engraving as a design resource Thompson used large organic and geometric shapes to bring graphic and symbolic power to the page. Saul Bass Film Title Sequencing Film industry Brought modernism to it Created unified graphic materials for films, including logos, theater posters, advertisements and animated film titles. Brownjohn, Chermayeff, and Geismar Worked with title sequences and book covers Chermayeff Uses collage and scissors and form Cipe Pineles Born in Vienna Worked as an assistant for Dr. Aga Worked for womens magazines Learned a lot from Dr. Aga, full bleed images.

First woman inducted to the New York Art directors hall of fame Otto Storch Became the art director of McCall’s unique way of using text and image Henry Wolf Cover designs for Esquire Magazine Amazing graphic conceptual ideas Art Director is the keeper of the concept with the photographer on set In Art Directors hall of fame Dugald Stermer Radio and television began to pull the attention away from the magazine. The smaller publications began to thrive because they didn’t have to produce a lot of publications. Limiting the circulation so it thrived . socio-political publication Dugald was the art director for Ramparts Completely illegal form, burning the draft cards Went to trial because of this picture Did no time because of a great lawyer HUGELY political Very scandalous Bea Feitler Used a diversity of typographic style and scale to bring vitality and expression to Ms. Magazine. Doyle Dane Bernach In the age of a new advertising agency Bill Bernbach established the first advertising “creative teams” where writers and art directors worked together. This was the beginning of what is called “the creative revolution.” Herb Lubalin phototypography only lived about 30 years hailed as the “typographic genius of his time.” What he was able to do with it.

“peter piper” font design or something… created the international typeface corporation (ITC). Created to protect and control licensing rights for the creators of new typefaces. His logotype for Avant Garde magazine, composted of tightly integrated capital ligatures, was developed into a family of typefaces with the same name. Opened up the aesthetic of typography because it allowed for overlap “Eros” magazine, the Love magazine. No advertisements George Lois The enfant terrible of American mass communications. Wildly flamboyant Extraverted Took credit for a lot of things His Espuire magazine covers were a statement that captured the reader with a spirited comment on a major article Top competitor with playboy Really edgy and scandalous stuff. As the result of war, a lot of $$ is poured in to come up with technological advances, which are linked to large corporations, which are directed to consumers. WWII Huge technological advances, computer, a lot of companies were sprung up after/ during the war. One company-one voice.- Standardization in companies just like AEG Corporate Identity Systems Giovanni Pintori For a thirty-one year period, Pintori put his personal stamp upon Olivetti’s image; often generating graphic metaphors for technological processes.

An art designer was appointed for overall company design (Pintori) William Golden Logo was used on television “eye in the sky” the television network was dropped and then eventually CBS Georg Olden Both worked for CBS Georg was hired by William Responsible for all on-air graphics New technology provided new jobs Defined the early development of television broadcast graphics. Paul Rand Leading figure in corporate identity! Saul Bass More logos James K. Fogleman Spoke about a “need for integrated design, or a controlled visual expression of corporate personality, which plays a large role in achieving corporate identity” When given guidelines you could have a corporate look to anything Massimo Vignelli New york GDEser Architect and product designer Standardized grid for the national park system US.

Roger Cook & Don Shandosky Design Systems for the Olympics Lance Wyman Mexican Olympics in 68 Made an alphabet for it Made signage and wayfinding for the Olympics, font designed specifically for the Olympics Had to make pictographs for the sporting events that happened as well Color coding and cubical signs that were placed all around the city of Mex Could find your way without speaking the language Developed stamps Uses extensive research -repetitive line used in the history of Mexico Color coding that he used helped people get around if you were completely illiterate Otl Aicher 1972 Olympics excluded the color red in the corporate manual grid system four column and Helvetica type graphic and highly stylized posterized photos didn’t use a lot of black strict color palate german standardization and mathematics Deborah Sussman Designed a “parts kit” to provide a uniform idiom for designing components and environments for the 1984 Olympics. used the idea of stars and stripes had to deal with televised production geometric patterns inexpensive, mobile materials scaffolding 250 designers, had to work across the fast spread of LA, and had to appeal to a global audience because of the televised production.

Manhattan Design, MTV Given the challenge/opportunity to design a new graphic for MTV Music Videos Wasn’t set in stone, black and white stamp that could be changed and altered Ever changing ever moving mark that was so unique in the history of corporate identity. Part II 8/28/12 2:11 PM Words From Our Students "StudyBlue is great for studying. I love the study guides, flashcards and quizzes. So extremely helpful for all of my classes!" Alice , Arizona State University "I'm a student using StudyBlue, and I can 100% say that it helps me so much. Study materials for almost every subject in school are available in StudyBlue. It is so helpful for my education!" Tim , University of Florida "StudyBlue provides way more features than other studying apps, and thus allows me to learn very quickly!??I actually feel much more comfortable taking my exams after I study with this app. It's amazing!" Jennifer , Rutgers University "I love flashcards but carrying around physical flashcards is cumbersome and simply outdated. StudyBlue is exactly what I was looking for!" Justin , LSU

Question: Which English sculptor, engraver, writer, and typographer, who died in 1940, invented a classic typeface which was named after him?
Answer: ERIC GILL.