ARGUS PANOPTES (Argos) - Hundred-Eyed Giant of Greek Mythology Hermes slaying Argus Panoptes, Athenian red-figure vase C5th B.C., Kunsthistorisches Museum ARGOS PANOPTES was a hundred-eyed giant of Argolis in the Peloponnese. Once when Zeus was consorting with the Argive Nymphe Io , his jealous wife Hera appeared on the scene. The god quickly transformed her into a white heifer but the goddess was not deceived and demanded the animal as a gift. She then appointed Argos Panoptes as its guard. Zeus sent Hermes to surreptitiously rescue his lover. The god lulled the giant to sleep with his music and slew him with his sword. From this conquest he earned the title Argeiphontes "Slayer of Argos". Hera rewarded Argos for his service by placing his hundred eyes on the tail of her sacred bird, the peacock.

FAMILY OF ARGUS [1.1] GAIA (Acusilaus Frag, Aeschylus Suppliants 305 & Prometheus Bound 566, Apollodorus 2.4, Nonnus Dionysiaca 20.35) [2.1] ARGOS & ISMENE (Apollodorus 2.4) [3.1] EKBASOS (Apollodorus 2.4) [4.2] ARESTOR & MYKENE (Pausanias 2.16.4) ENCYCLOPEDIA ARGUS (Argos), surnamed Panoptes. His parentage is stated differently, and his father is called Agenor, Arestor, Inachus, or Argus, whereas some accounts described him as an Autochthon. (Apollod. ii. 1, 2, &c.; Ov. Met. i. 264.) He derived his surname, Panoptes, the all-seeing, from his possessing a hundred eyes, some of which were always awake.

He was of superhuman strength, and after he had slain a fierce bull which ravaged Arcadia, a Satyr who robbed and violated persons, the serpent Echidna, which rendered the roads unsafe, and the murderers of Apis, who was according to some accounts his father, Hera appointed him guardian of the cow into which Io had been metamorphosed. (Comp. Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 1151, 1213.) Zeus commissioned Hermes to carry off the cow, and Hermes accomplished the task, according to some accounts, by stoning Argus to death, or according to others, by sending him to sleep by the sweetness of his play on the flute and then cutting off his head. Hera transplanted his eyes to the tail of the peacock, her favourite bird. (Aeschyl. Prom. ; Apollod. Ov. ll. cc.) Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES Hesiod or Cercops of Miletus, Aegimius Frag 6 (from Scholiast on Homer's Iliad 2. 24) (trans.

Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : "[Title of Hermes] Argeiphontes (Slayer of Argos). According to Hesiod's tale he [Hermes] slew [Argos] the herdsman of Io." Hesiod or Cercops of Miletus, Aegimius Frag 5 : "And [Hera] set a watcher upon her [Io], great and strong Argos, who with four eyes looks every way. And the goddess stirred in him unwearying strength: sleep never fell upon his eyes; but he kept sure watch always." Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 566 ff (trans. Weir Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) : "Io : Oh, oh! Aah! Aah! A gad-fly (oistros), phantom (eidôlon) of earth-born (gêgenês) Argos is stinging me again! Keep him away, O Earth! I am fearful when I behold that myriad-eyed herdsman.

He travels onward with his crafty gaze upon me; not even in death does the earth conceal him, but passing from the shades he hounds me, the forlorn one, and drives me famished along the sands of the seashore. The waxen pipe drones forth in accompaniment a clear-sounding slumberous strain. Alas, alas! Where is my far-roaming wandering course taking me? . . . I cannot discern how to escape my sufferings." Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 669 ff : "[Io tells her story :] Yielding obedience to such prophetic utterances of Loxias [Apollon], he [Io's father Inakhos (Inachus)] drove me away and barred me from his house, against his will and mine; but the constraint of Zeus forced him to act by necessity. Immediately my form and mind were distorted, and with horns, as you see, upon my forehead, stung by a sharp-fanged gadfly I rushed with frantic bounds to Kerkhnea's sweet stream and Lerna's spring.

But Argos, the earth-born (gêgenês) herdsman, untempered in his rage, pursued me [as the gadfly], peering with his many eyes upon my steps. A sudden death robbed him of life unexpectedly; while I, still tormented by the gadfly, am driven on from land to land before the heaven-sent plague." Aeschylus, Suppliant Women 292 ff : "Chorus [of Danaides] : Is there a report that once in this land of Argos Io was ward of Hera's house? King : Certainly she was; the tradition prevails far and wide. Chorus : And is there some story, too, that Zeus was joined in love with a mortal? King : This entanglement was not secret from Hera. Chorus : What then was the result of this royal strife? King : The goddess of Argos transformed the woman into a cow. Chorus : And while she was a horned cow, did not Zeus approach her? King : So they say, making his form that of a bull lusting for a mate. Chorus : What answer then did Zeus' stubborn consort give?

King : She placed the all-seeing one (panoptês) [Argos Panoptes] to stand watch over the cow. Chorus : What manner of all-seeing herdsman with a single duty do you mean? King : Argos, a son of Ge (Gaea, Earth), whom Hermes slew." Zeus, Hera, Io as heifer, Argus Panoptes and Hermes, Athenian red-figure hydria C5th B.C., Museum of Fine Arts Boston Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2. 4 ff (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "The son of Ekbasos (Ecbasus) [son of Argos, son of Zeus and Niobe,] was Agenor, and his son was Argos surnamed Panoptes. This man had eyes all over his body. He was extremely powerful, and killed the bull that raged through Arkadia (Arcadia) whose hide he used as a cloak. He also ambushed and slew and Satyros who was hurting the Arkadians by stealing their herds.

It is also said that he waited until Ekhidna (Echidna) fell asleep, and then killed her. She was a daughter of Tartaros and Ge (Gaea, Earth), who would kidnap travellers passing by. Argos also avenged the murder of Apis by slaying the guilty pair, Thelxion and Telkhis (Telchis) . . . Zeus seduced Io while she was a priestess of Hera. When Hera discovered them, Zeus touched the girl, changed her into a white cow, and swore that he hand not had sex with her . . . Hera demanded the cow from Zeus, and assigned Argos Panoptes as its guard. Pherekydes (Pherecydes) says that this one was Arestor's son, but Asklepiades (Asclepiades) says he was a descendant of Inakhos (Inachus). Kerkops (Cercops) calls him a son of Argos and Asopos' daughter Ismene [and so an uncle of Io], while Akousilaos (Acusilaus) says he was Earth-Born.

Argos tied the cow to an olive tree in the grove of the Mykenaians (Myceneans). Zeus instructed Hermes to steal her, and Hermes, unable to sneak her out because Hierax had told on him, killed Argos with a stone. From this came Hermes' surname Argeiphontes." Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 10. 190 ff (trans. Way) (Greek epic C4th A.D.) : "[dDepicted on the quiver of Herakles :] There Hermes was, storm-footed Son of Zeus, laying huge Argos nigh to Inakhos' (Inachus') streams, Argos, whose sentinel eyes in turn took sleep." [N.B. Io was a distant ancestor of Herakles.] Pausanias, Description of Greece 2. 16. 4 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) : "The fair-crowned lady Mykene (Mycene). She is said to have been the daughter of Inakhos (Inachus) and the wife of Arestor in the poem which the Greeks call the Great Eoeae." [N.B.

This Arestor was the father of Argos Panoptes, according to Apollodorus above, so presumably Mykene was his mother.] Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 145 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "From Inachus and Argia [was born] Io. Jupiter [Zeus] loved and embraced Io, and changed her to heifer form so that Juno [Hera] would not recognize her. When Juno [Hera] found out, she sent Argus, who had gleaming eyes all around to guard her. Mercurius [Hermes], at Jove's command, killed him." Ovid, Metamorphoses 1. 624 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) : "Juppiter [Zeus] [in his seduction of Io] had fore-sensed his spouse's [Hera's] visit and transformed poor Inachis [Io] into a sleek white heifer (lovely still although a cow).

Saturnia [Hera], against her will, admired the creature and asked whose she was, and whence she came and to what herd belonged, pretending not to know the truth. He lied--‘The earth had brought her forth’--so to deflect questions about her birth. Then Saturnia [Hera] begged the heifer as a gift. What should he do? Too cruel to give his darling! Not to give--suspicious; shame persuades but love dissuades. Love would have won; but then--if he refused his wife (his sister too) so slight a gift, a cow, it well might seem no cow at all! The goddess won her rival, but distrust lingered and still she feared her husband's tricks, till, for safe-keeping, she had given the cow to Arestorides (Son of Arestor)--Argus of the hundred eyes, all watching and on duty round his head, save two which took in turn their sleep and rest. Whichever way he stood he looked at Io, Io before his eyes behind his back!

By day he let her graze, but when the sun sank down beneath the earth he stabled her and tied--for shame!--a halter round her neck. She browsed on leaves of trees and bitter weeds, and for her bed, poor thing, lay on the ground, not always grassy, and drank the muddy streams; and when, to plead with Argus, she would try to stretch her arms, she had no arms to stretch. Would she complain, a moo came from her throat, a startling sound . . . [Io revealed herself to her father and sisters but] as they thus grieved, Argus, star-eyed, drove off daughter from father, hurrying her away to distant pastures. Then himself, afar, high on a mountain top sat sentinel to keep his scrutiny on every side. But now heaven's master [Zeus] could no more endure Phoronis' [Io's] distress, and summoned his son [Hermes], whom the bright shining Pleias [Pleiad Maia] bore, and charged him to accomplish Argus' death.

Promptly he fastened on his ankle-wings, grasped in his fist the wand that charms to sleep, put on his magic cap, and thus arrayed Jove's [Zeus'] son [Hermes] sprang from his father's citadel [Mount Olympos] down to earth. There he removed his cap, laid by his wings; only his wand he kept. A herdsman now, he drove a flock of goats through the green byways, gathered as he went, and played his pipes of reed. The strange sweet skill charmed Juno's [Hera's] guardian. ‘My friend,’ he called, ‘whoever you are, well might you sit with me here on this rock, and see how cool the shade extends congenial for a shepherd's seat.’ So Atlantiades [Hermes] joined him, and with many a tale he stayed the passing hours and on his reeds played soft refrains to lull the watching eyes. But Argus fought to keep at bay the charms of slumber and, though many of his eyes were closed in sleep, still many kept their guard.

He asked too by what means this new design (for new it was), the pipe of reeds, was found. Then the god told this story [of Pan and his pursuit of the Nymphe Syrinx] . . . The tale remained untold; for Cyllenius [Hermes] saw all Argus' eyelids closed and every eye vanquished in sleep. He stopped and with his wand, his magic wand, soothed the tired resting eyes and sealed their slumber; quick then with his sword he struck off the nodding head and from the rock threw it all bloody, spattering the cliff with gore. Argus lay dead; so many eyes, so bright quenched, and all hundred shrouded in one night. Saturnia [Hera] retrieved those eyes to set in place among the feathers of her bird [the peacock] and filled his tail with starry jewels." Ovid, Metamorphoses 2. 531 : "Her [Hera's] peacocks, painted bright with Argus' eyes, lately slain." Virgil, Aeneid 7. 791 (trans.

Day-Lewis) (Roman epic C1st B.C.) : "[Depicted on the shield of Turnus :] Io, now changed to a heifer, with horns uplifted, and fought-haired--a potent symbol; also her guardian, Argus, and Inachus, her father, pouring out his stream from a graven pitcher." Propertius, Elegies 1. 3 (trans. Goold) (Roman elegist C1st B.C.) : "I remained rooted with eyes intent upon her, like those of Argus upon the strange horns of Inachus' child [Io]." Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 4. 365 (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic C1st A.D.) : "She [Hera] accosts Jove [Zeus] thus : ‘Give me the untamed heifer that feeds on Argos' fertile plains [the maiden Io who Zeus had transformed into a heifer to hide her from Hera] and is just showing the horns of the infant moon; give her as a gift to thy dear bride.

Myself now will I choose fit pastures and choicest fountains for my pet.’ What ruse could Jove [Zeus] find to say her nay? What trickery, once found, could he have maintained? She, possessed of the gift, straightway sets Argus on guard; Argus as guardian pleases her, for everywhere on his head are sleepless eyes, as though a Lydian bride should bedeck her web with flecks of purple. At Argus' bidding must she go on paths unknown, over rocks, through monster-haunted wilds, tarrying oft, alas! And struggling with prayers and words fast locked within her breast . . . But she, when her limbs trembled aweary of her wandering or when now chilly evening sped down from heaven's height--ah! How often laid she her body on a stone, or when long thirst made her faint, what pools did her lips drink, what pastures graze, how oft did her white shoulders quail before the lash!

Nay, too, as daring death she planned to leap from some lofty height, swift did Argus drive her down to the vale beneath, and cruelly saved her at his queen's behest: when on a sudden a hollow flute pipes out a measure of Arcady (Arcadia), and the winged Cyllenian [Hermes], hastening to obey his sire, draws nigh, and tuning his oft reed to melody cries, ‘Wither away? Where roamest thou? Ho there! Give heed to my music!’ Following Argus close he notes that all his eyes are already languishing and seeking after sweet slumber, and in the midst of his song out he flashes his swift blade." Statius, Thebaid 1. 253 ff (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic C1st A.D.) : "[The city of Argos] far-famed sceptre of great Phoroneus . . . there thou didst ruthelessly cast on sleep the guardian of the Pharian heifer [Argos Panoptes guardian of Io]." Statius, Thebaid 6.

275 ff : "[Amongst scenes depicted on a work of art in Nemea :] Next in order is seen . . . Io, already prone [transformed into a cow] and sorrow of her sire, sees behind her back Argus starred with eyes that no setting." Statius, Silvae 5.4.1 (trans. Mozley) (Roman elegy C1st A.D) : "The thousand eyes of sacred Argus, which he kept but in alternate watchfulness, nor even waked in all his frame at once." Nonnus, Dionysiaca 13. 27 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) : "The immortal court of Zeus will not receive you [Dionysos] without hard work, and the Horai (Horae) will not open the gates of Olympos to you unless you have struggled for the prize. Hermeias hardly could win his way to heaven, and only when he killed with his rod Argos the cowherd, sparkling with eyes from his feet to the hair of his head." Nonnus, Dionysiaca 20.

35 ff : "You are not like a son of Zeus . . . you did not kill that unhappy lover bold Orion, nor Hera's guardian Argos, the cowkeeper, a son of Gaia (Gaea the Earth) so fertile in evil, the spy on Zeus in his weddings with horned cattle!" ANCIENT GREEK ART Monsters in Greek Mythology Monsters in Greek Mythology Argus Argus may have had as many as one hundred eyes, which were located all over his body. Hera employed him as a guard. He was killed by Hermes . Afterward, Hera put Argus's eyes in the tail of the peacock, her favorite bird. Cerberus Cerberus was a huge and powerful three-headed dog. He was owned by Hades , god of the dead, who used the fearsome hound to guard the entrance to the underworld. In his final labor, Hercules went to the underworld and kidnapped Cerberus . Cyclopes Each of the Cyclopes was gigantic and had a single eye in the middle of its forehead. The Cyclopes made lightning and thunderbolts for Zeus to use.

The brutal Polyphemus , a Cyclops and a son of Poseidon , lived on an island, where he was blinded by Odysseus . Gorgons The Gorgons were horrifyingly ugly monsters who lived at the edge of the world. Their hair was made of serpents, and one look from a Gorgon's eyes would turn a man to stone. Perseus killed the Gorgon Medusa by beheading her while looking only at her reflection. The Hydra Hydra The Hydra was a massive and poisonous serpent with nine heads. Every time one head was injured, another two grew in its place. Hercules sought out the monster in its dark marsh and succeeded in destroying it. Minotaur The Minotaur was a man-eating monster with the head of a bull. King Minos kept it hidden in a labyrinth (a maze) in Knossos, on the island of Crete, where he used it to frighten his enemies. Theseus killed the Minotaur. The Minotaur Scylla and Charybdis The powerful monsters Scylla and Charybdis lived together in a sea cave.

Scylla had many fierce dog heads and ate sailors alive; Charybdis created whirlpools by sucking in and spitting out seawater. Both Jason and Odysseus safely traveled by these monsters. Sirens The Sirens were giant, winged creatures with the heads of women. They lived on rocks on the sea, where their beautiful singing lured sailors to shipwreck. Odysseus filled his sailors' ears with wax so that they might sail safely past the Sirens. Bestiary | Theoi Greek Mythology The fantastic creatures of Greek mythology and legend can be divided into eight broad categories : 1. MYTHICAL MONSTERS Awful humanoid creatures. These included monsters such as the Gorgons and Echidna. 2. MYTHICAL HYBRIDS Creatures which combine human and animal forms or various animals. These include creatures such as the Centaur (Horse-Man), Sphinx (Lion-Woman), Hippocamp (Fish-Horse), and Chimaera (Lion-Goat-Snake). 3. MYTHICAL ANIMALS Normal animals with some fantastic attribute.

Examples include the winged horse Pegasus, the giant Erymanthian Boar, the fire-breathing Bulls of Colchis, and the inescapable hunting-dog Laelaps. 4. DRAGONS A breed of serpentine monsters, usually equipped with some magical power. They include creatures such as the Hydra, the Dragon of the Golden Fleece, Python, the Ethiopian Sea-Monster and the she-dragon Echidna. 5. GIANTS Gigantic men, often with fantastic features or abilities. A few examples are the hundred-handed Hecatoncheires, the one-eyed Cyclopes, the water-walking hunter Orion, the wrestler Antaeus, and the monstrous Typhon. 6. GHOSTS & DEMONS Creatures from the underworld which haunted the earth. They included the Empusae, Erinyes, Vampires and haunting ghosts of the dead. Fabulous tribes of men which were believed to inhabit the lands of Terra Incognita, the "Unknown Earth." Examples of these are the Pygmies, the one-legged Sciapods, dog-headed Cynocephali, headless Blemmyae, and one-eyed Arimaspians.

BESTIARY MEDUSA Greek myth and legend is filled with a wide variety of monsters and creatures ranging from Dragons, Giants, Demons and Ghosts, to multiformed creatures such as the Sphinx, Minotaur, Centaurs, Manticores and Griffins. There were also many fabulous animals such as the Nemean Lion, golden-fleeced Ram and winged horse Pegasus, not to mention the creatures of legend such as the Phoenix, Unicorns (Monocerata). Even amongst the tribes of man, myth spoke of strange peoples inhabiting the far reaches of the earth such as the hopping Umbrella-Foots, the one-eyed Arimaspians, the Dog-Headed men, and the puny Pygmies. AMPHISBAENAE see Beasts, African AUTOMOTONS (Automotones) Creatures crafted out of metal and endowed with life by the smith-god Hephaestus. BULLS, BRONZE (Tauroi Khalkeoi) Four fire-breathing, bronze bulls which Hephaestus crafted for King Aeetes of Colchis.

CELEDONES (Keledones) Golden singing maidens which Hephaistos crafted for the first temple of Apollo at Delphi. DOGS, GOLD & SILVER (Kuones Khryseos Argyreos) A pair of gold and silver dogs which Hephaestus crafted for King Alcinous of the Phaeacians. HORSES, CABEIRIAN (Hippoi Kabeirikoi) A pair of metallic, fire-breathing horses owned by the twin Cabiri gods. MAIDENS, GOLDEN (Kourai Khryseai) Four golden maidens which Hephaestus crafted as his own attendants. TALOS A bronze giant which Hephaestus crafted for Queen Europa of Crete to patrol the borders of her island. BASILISCS see Beasts, African BEASTS, AFRICAN (Theres Aithiopes) The semi-legendary land of Ethiopia (Sub-saharan Africa) was the home of many fabulous beasts. AMPHISBAENAE (Amphisbainai) Saharan snakes with two heads, one at each end of the body.

BASILISCS (Basiliskoi) Deadly serpents which killed by touch. BULLS, ETHIOPIAN (Tauroi Aithiopikoi) Gigantic African bulls whose red hides were impervious to steel. CATOBLEPAS (Katoblepon) African hoofed animals whose downward looking head, when raised, could kill man with a gaze or with its noxious breath. DRAGONS, ETHIOPIAN (Drakones Aithiopikoi) Gigantic African serpents. LEUCROCOTAE (Leukrokota) An animals with a powerful jaw of bone in place of teeth, which could imitate human voices to lure it prey. PEGASI, ETHIOPIAN (Pegasoi Aithiopikoi) The winged horses of Ethiopia who had a single horn growing from their forehead. SATYRS, ISLAND (Satyroi Nesioi) Ape-like satyrs native to certain islands off the African coast. SATYRS, LIBYAN (Satyroi Libyes) Monkey-like satyrs who lived in the forest of Mount Atlas.

SPHINXES, ETHIOPIAN (Sphinxes Aithiopikoi) Women-headed African lions. BEASTS, INDIAN (Theres Indikoi) Legendary India was the home of many fabulous beasts. ANTS, INDIAN (Myrmekes Indikoi) Gigantic ants which guarded the gold-fields of the Indian desert. CETEA, INDIAN (Ketea Indikoi) Fabulous half-animal, half-fish sea-monster such as fish-tailed lions, bears, wolves, rams and even spiny-haired mermaids. DRAGONS, INDIAN (Drakones Indikoi) Giant Indian serpents which preyed on elephants. MONOCERATA (Hippoi Monokerata) The unicorns, magical single-horned equines native to India. WORMS, INDOS Gigantic white worms which inhabited the Indos river. BEASTS, PERSIAN & ARABIAN (Theres Persikoi) Various fabulous animals were believed to inhabit the lands of Arabia and Persia. See also Manticore and Phoenix.

SERPENTS, WINGED (Ophies Pteretoi) Feathery-winged serpents of Arabia which guarded the valuable myrrh fields. BIRDS, OF ARES (Ornithes Areioi) Arrow-shooting birds which guarded the Amazonian shrine of the god Ares. BIRDS, STYMPHALIAN (Ornithes Stymphalides) Man-eating which haunted lake Stymphalus in Arkadia. Heracles weas sent to drive them away as one of his Labours BOAR, CALYDONIAN (Hus Kalydonios) A gigantic Aetolian boar slain by a band of heroes in the famed Calydonian Boar Hunt. BOAR, CLAZOMENEAN (Hus Klazomenaios) A gigantic winged sow which ravaged the island of Clazomenae. BOAR, CROMMYONIAN (Hus Krommyon) A gigantic sow which ravaged the region of Crommyon. It was slain by the hero Theseus.

BOAR, ERYMANTHIAN (Hus Erymanthios) A gigantic Arcadian boar which Heracles was sent to fetch as one of his twelve labours. BULL, CRETAN (Tauros Kretaios) The bull which impregnated Pasiphae queen of Crete and which Heracles was sent to fetch as one of his labours. BULL, OF EUROPA (Tauros Europaios) A bull which carried the Phoenician princess Europa across the sea to Crete. It was sometimes depicted as a fish-tailed animal. BULL, SERPENT (Tauros Ophis) A black-skinned monster with the foreparts of a bull and the rearparts of a serpent. It was slain by the Sea-Titan Aegaeon during the Titan-War. CATOBLEPAS see Beasts, African CENTAURS (Kentauroi) A tribe of creatures who had the heads and torsos of men and the bodies of horses. CENTAURIDES (Kentaurides) The female centaurs, women with the bodies of horses in place of legs.

CENTAURS, CYPRIAN (Kentauroi Kyprioi) A tribe of centaurs native to the island of Cyprus. CENTAURS, DIONYSIAN (Kentauroi Lamoi) The centaur attendants of the god Dionysos. CENTAURS, PELOPONNESIAN (Kentauroi Peloponnesioi) A tribe of Arcadian centaurs which battled Heracles for the wine of Pholus. CENTAURS, THESSALIAN (Kentauroi Thessalioi) A tribe of Magnesian centaurs who battled the Lapith tribesmen at the wedding of King Pirithoos. CHIRON (Kheiron) A wise, immortal Centaur, half-brother of Zeus. He was the mentor of many Greek heroes. EURYTION 1 A Thessalian centaur who tried to abduct the bride of King Pirithoos. EURYTION 2 A Pelopennesian centaur slain by Heracles.

ICHTHYOCENTAURS (Ikhthyokentauroi) Two marine centaurs, named Bythos and Aphros, with the upper torsoes of a men and the lower bodies of hippocamps (fish-tailed horses). NESSUS (Nessos) A centaur slain by Heracles. PHOLUS (Pholos) A goodly centaur who entertained Heracles. CERBERUS (Kerberos) The three-headed, giant hound that guarded the gates of Hades. It had lion's feet, a mane of serpents and the tail of a viper. CERCOPES (Kerkopes) A pair of mischievous monkey-like dwarfs. CHIMERA (Khimaira) A three headed monster, with the foreparts of a lion, the hind-parts of a goat and goat's-head rising from its back, and the tail of a headed-serpent. CRAB, GIANT (Karkinos) A giant crab which fought alongside the Hydra against Heracles. DEER, CERYNITIAN (Elaphos Kerynitis) A golden-horned deer which Heracles was sent to fetch as one of his twelve labours.

DEER, GOLDEN-HORNED (Elaphoi Khrysokeroi) Five immortal golden-horned deer sacred to the goddess Artemis. Four of them drew the goddess' chariot. DEMONS (Kakodaimones) Some of the personified spirits and demons of the underworld were monstrous in appearance. ACHLYS (Akhlys) The demon of misery was a pale green hag with bleeding cheeks and tear-stained eyes, overgrown fingernails and dusty hair. EMPUSA (Empousa) A flame-haired vampiric demon with a leg of bronze and a hoofed foot of an ass. Disguised as a beautiful woman she seduced men to feed on their flesh and blood. EURYNOMUS (Eurynomos) A blue-black skinned demon of the underworld who fed on the flesh of corpses. KERES Dark-winged death demons which haunted the battlefields of men and fed on the blood of dying men. They were pale ugly hags with clawed hands and gnashing teeth. LIMOS The demon of hunger was a starved, wasted creature with parchment skin, and swollen joints.

MELINOE A spectral underworld demon who issued forth from the underworld to terrify men. One side of her body was ink-black and the other bone-white. ZELUS (Zelos) The demon of jealousy was a monstrous hag that fed upon venomous serpents. Her body was shrunken, her teeth black, and her breasts covered in green venom. DOG, GOLDEN (Kuon Khryseos) A golden hound which Rhea sent to guard the infant Zeus and his nurse the goat Amaltheia. DOG, LAELAPS (Kuon Lailaps) A fabulous dog destined always to catch its mark. DOG, ORTHROS (Kuon Orthros) A two-headed, serpent-tailed dog which guarded the cattle of Geryon. It was slain by Heracles. DRACAENAE (Drakainai) Female-monsters with the head and torsos of women and serpentine-tails in place of legs. CAMPE (Kampe) A monstrous Tartarean dracaena who had the body of a woman and a serpent's tail.

Her head was wreathed in snakes and her serpentine body was arrayed with a thousand snake's tails for feet. She was armed with a giant scorpion's sting, black wings and around her waist were arrayed the heads of fifty wild beasts. DRACAENA, POINE (Drakaina Poine) A monstrous child-devouring she-dragon sent by Apollo to punish the men of Argos. DRACAENA, SCYTHIAN (Drakaina Skythia) A Scythian dracaena who seduced Heracles and bore him three sons. ECHIDNA 1 (Ekhidna) An immortal Cicilian dracaena who mated with the monstrous giant Typhon and bore a brood of the most fearsome of monsters. ECHIDNA 2 (Ekhidna) A monstrous she-serpent which ravaged Argos. SYBARIS A Lamia demon which preyed on the men of Phocis. DRAGONS (Drakones) A race of giant, toothed serpentine monsters. DRAGON, COLCHIAN (Drakon Kolkhios) A gigantic Colchian dragon which guarded the famed golden-fleece.

DRAGON, HESPERIAN (Drakon Hesperia) A hundred headed dragon which guarded the golden apples of the Hesperides. DRAGON, LYDIAN (Drakon Maionios) A Lydian dragon slain by the giant Damasen. DRAGON, THEBAN (Drakon Ismenios) A monstrous Theban dragon slain by the hero Cadmus. From its earth-sown teeth were sprung a race of fully-grown, armed warriors. DRAGON, THESPIAN (Drakon Thespiakos) A dragon which plagued the town of Thespia. DRAGONS, MEDEAN (Drakones Medea) A pair of winged serpents which drew the chariot of the witch Medea. DRAGONS, TROJAN (Drakones Troiades) A pair of monstrous sea-serpents sent by Poseidon to destroy Laocoon and his sons. PYTHON A monstrous serpent that guarded the shrine of Delphi. EAGLE, CAUCASIAN (Aetios Kaukasios) A gigantic Caucasian eagle which fed on the liver of the chained Titan Prometheus.

EAGLE, OF ZEUS (Aetos Dios) A gigantic golden eagle, the animal familiar of Zeus. FISHES, OF APHRODITE (Ikhthyes) Two large fish which carried the goddess Aphrodite ashore following her sea-birth. FOX, TEUMESSIAN (Alopex Teumesios) A gigantic fox which ravaged the kingdom of Thebes, preying upon the unfortunate children of the country. GIANTS (Gigantes) A breed of oversized, mostly monstrous men. AGRIUS & OREUS (Agrios, Oreios) A pair of man-eating Giants who were half man, half bear. ALCYONEUS (Alkyoneus) The King of the Giants who was immortal within his homeland of Pallene. Herakles wounded him and dragged him incapacitated from his country to die. ALOADAE (Aloidai) Twin giants who tried to storm Olympus by piling three mountains one upon the other. They were slain by the gods. ANTAEUS (Antaios) A Libyan giant who drew his strength from the earth. He lifted and strangled to death by Heracles.

ARGUS PANOPTES (Argos Panoptes) A giant whose body was covered with eyes. He was slain by Hermes. CACUS (Kakos) A fire-breathing Italian giant slain by Heracles. CYCLOPES, ELDER (Kyklopes) Three one-eyed giants who forged the weapons of the gods. CYCLOPES, YOUNGER (Kyklopes) A tribe of cannibalistic giants who shepherded flocks of sheep on the isle of Sicily. DAMASEN A gigantic Lydian hero. ECHIDNADES (Ekhidnades) A serpent-legged giant slain by Ares. ENCELADUS (Enkelados) A fire-breathing giant burried by Athena beneath Mount Etna. GEGENEES A tribe of six-armed Mysian giants which were slain by the Argonauts. GERYON A winged giant three-bodied giant. He was slain by Heracles. GIGANTES, HECA- The one hundred giants of Phlegra who waged war on the gods. They were led by Alcyoneus, Porphyrion and Enceladus.

HECATONCHEIRES (Hekatonkheires) Three hundred-handed, fifty-headed giants who guarded the gates of Tartarus. HYPERBOREAN GIANTS (Gigantes Hyperboreioi) Three gigantic sons of Boreas the god of the North Wind who were immortal priests of the virtuous Hyperborean tribe. LAESTRYGONES (Laistrygones) A race of man-eating giants. ORION A handsome giant who could walk on water. POLYPHEMUS (Polyphemos) The greatest of the younger Cyclopes. He was blinded by Odysseus. TALUS (Talos) A bronze giant who patrolled the island of Crete. TITYUS (Tityos) A giant who tried to rape the goddess Leto and was sent to eternal punishment in Hades. TYPHON (Typhoeus) A monstrous giant with one human and ninety-nine animal heads, two hundred hands each tipped with fifty serpents, a pair of serpent tails for legs, giant wings, and a fire-breathing maw. He was buried beneath Mt Etna by Zeus.

GORGONS (Gorgones) Three monstrous Libyan sisters with broad faces, staring eyes, flaring nostrils, wiry beards, tusks and protruding tongues. Their heads were wreathed in snakes, a pair of golden wings sprung from their backs, and in place of hands they had brazen claws. GRAEAE (Graiai) Three old hags born with grey hair, wrinkled skin and only one tooth and one eye between them. GRIFFINS (Grypes) Winged beasts with the foreparts of eagles and the bodies of lions. HARPIES (Harpyiai) Three winged monsters with the bodies of birds and the heads and torsos of women. HIPPALEKTRYON (Hippalektryon) A creature with the fore-parts of the rooster and the body of a horse. HIPPOCAMPI (Hippokampoi) Sea-creatures with the fore-parts of horses and the tails of serpentine fish. HORSES, IMMORTAL (Hippoi Athanatoi) A breed of swift-footed, immortal horses. ARION (Areion) The immortal horse of the hero Adrastus.

BALIUS & XANTHUS (Balios, Xanthos) Two immortal horses owned by the hero Achilles. HORSES, OF ARES (Hippoi Areioi) Four fire-breathing horses which drew the chariot of Ares. HORSES, OF DIOMEDES (Hippoi Diomedios) Four man-eating horses owned by the Thracian King Diomedes. Heracles was sent to fetch them as one of his twelve labours. HORSES, TROJAN A herd of immortal horses owned by the kings of Troy. HYDRA (Hydra) The nine-headed serpent of Lerna who sprung two heads for every one which was decapitated. It was slain by Heracles. LEUCROCOTAE See Beasts, African LION, NEMEAN (Leon Nemeios) A gigantic Argive lion whose skin was impervious to weapons. It was strangled by Heracles. MANTICORE (Mantikhoras) A winged Persian monster with the head of a man, the body of a lion and a spiked missile-throwing tail.

MEN, EARTH-BORN (Anthropoi Autokhthonoi) Unusual men sometimes sprouted from the earth itself. CECROPS (Kekrops) An earth-born king of Athens who had the tail of a serpent in place of legs. SPARTI (Spartoi) A race of earth-born warriors, which sprang fully grown, armed and ready for battle from the sown teeth of a dragon. MEDUSA (Medousa) A mortal Gorgon slain by Perseus. MEN, FANTASTIC Races of strangely-formed men were believed to inhabit the farthest reaches of the earth. ARIMASPIANS (Arimaspoi, Monommatoi) A tribe of one-eyed men who battled the eagle-headed Griffins for their gold. ARTABATITAE (Artabatitai) An African tribe of four-legged men. ASTOMI (Astomoi) A hair-covered Indian tribe of men without mouths, who sustained themselves on the scent of aromatic plants. BLEMMYAE (Blemmyai, Sternophthalmoi) A tribe of headless African men whose faces were set upon their chests.

CALINGI (Kalingoi) A short-lived Indian tribe who reached maturity at five and died of old age at eight. CHOROMANDAE (Khromandai) A hair-covered Indian tribe, with dog's teeth and a horrible scream in place of speech. CUNOCEPHALI (Kunokephaloi, Hemikunes) A tribe of dog-headed African men. GORGADES An African tribe whose women were entirely covered in hair. HIPPOPODES A northern European tribe with horse's feet. MACHLYES (Makhlyes) A Libyan tribe whose bodies were female on one side and male on the other. MACROBI (Makroboi) Long-lived Indian tribes never touched by old age. MACROCEPHALI (Makrokephaloi) A tribe of African men with long, elongated heads. MANDI (Mandoi) A race of Indians who grew old and wrinkled shortly after birth. NULI (Nuloi) An African people with backward-turned, eight-toed feet.

PANDAE (Pandai) A tribe of long-lived Indian men with gigantic ears, eight fingers and toes, and white-hair covering their bodies which turned black with age. PANOTII (Panotioi) A fabulous tribe of northern men with gigantic, body-length ears. PYGMIES (Pygmaioi) A tribe of one and a half foot tall African men who rode goats into battle against migrating cranes. SCIAPODS (Skiapodes, Steganopodes) A tribe of one-legged Libyan men who used their gigantic foot as shade against the midday sun. SCIRITAE (Sikiritai) An Indian race with snake-like nostrils in place of a nose, and bandy serpentine legs. STRUTHOPODES (Strouthopodes) An Indian tribe whose men had 18 inch long feet and whose women had tiny sparrow-like ones. SYRBOTAE (Syrbotai) A tribe of twelve-foot tall Africans. MINOTAUR (Minotauros) A Cretan monster with the head of a bull and the hairy body of a man.

NEADES Gigantic animals native to the island of Samos whose roar could split apart the ground. PANES A tribe of nature-spirits which had the heads and torsos of men, the legs and tails of goats, goatish faces and goat-horns. AEGIPAN (Aigipan) A demi-god with the fore-parts of a goat and the tail of a fish. PAN The goat-legged, horned god of shepherds and flocks. PEGASUS (Pegasos) A winged horse tamed by the hero Bellerophon and ridden into battle with the Chimera. PHASMA Ghosts or phantoms which haunted the living. Some were corporeal in form, retaining their physical bodies, others were merely bodiless spirits. GHOST, PHILINNION A dead Macedonian woman who rose up from her tomb at night to haunt a handsome young guest of her parents. She was probably a lamia (vampire). GHOST, POLYCRITUS (Polykritos) A dead man who rose up from his grave and devoured his living hermaphroditic son.

LAMIAE (Lamiai) Vampiric demons whichy preyed on young men in the guise of a beautiful woman and drank their blood. LAMIA CORINTHIAN (Lamia Korinthia) A vampiric Lamia who disguised herself as a wealthy Phoenician woman in order to seduce a handsome young man and drain his blood. LAMIA LIBYAN (Lamia Libys) A vampiric Libyan demon which preyed on children. She could pluck out her own bleeding eyes. PHANTOMS, EIDOLONES Evil man-possessing spirits or ghosts. PHANTOM, EPHESIAN PLAGUE (Eidos Loimos Ephesios) A plague-bringing demon that haunted the town of Ephesus. TARAXIPPI (Taraxippoi) Horse-frightening ghosts or daemones which haunted the race-courses of Olympia, Nemea and the Isthmus. PHOENIX (Phoinix) A fabulous golden-red bird whose feathers shone with the light of the sun.

PYGMIES See Men, fantastic RAM, GOLDEN-FLEECED (Krios Khrysomallos) A flying, talking, golden-fleeced Ram who rescued the children Phrixus and Helle from a sacrifice to the gods. RIVER GODS & DAEMONES (Theoi Daimones Potamoi) The river-gods appeared either as men from the chest upwards, set upon the serpentine tail of a fish and crowned with a single bull's horn, or as horned man-headed bulls. ACHELOUS (Akheloios) An Aetolian river-god who was wrestled by Heracles. OCEANUS (Okeanos) The god of the great earth-encircling river Ocean. He had the tail of a serpentine fish and a bull's horn on his head. SATYRS (Satyroi) A tribe of nature-spirits with the body of men, the tails of horses, pug noses and the ears of asses. MARSYAS A satyr defeated by Apollo in a musical contest. SATYR, ETHIOPIAN (Satyros Aithiopikos) A phantom satyr which plagued an African town.

SATYR, LEMNIAN (Satyros Lemnios) A satyr which consorted with a woman of the island of Lemnos. SILENI (Seilenoi) A race of elderly Satyrs with the bodies of old-men, pug-noses, the tails of horses, and asses' ears. SILENUS (Seilenos) An elderly Satyr companion of Dionysus. SCORPION (Skorpios) A giant scorpion sent by Gaea to slay the giant Orion. SEA GODS & SEA DAEMONS (Daimones Einalioi, Theoi Einalioi) Many of sea-gods appeared as fish-tailed mermen, or were otherwise fabulous in form. CHARYBDIS (Kharybdis) A sea daemon whose inhalations formed a deadly whirlpool. DELPHIN (Delphin) An immortal dolphin attendant of Poseidon. EURYNOME A mermaid-like sea-goddess with the tail of a fish in place of legs. GLAUCUS (Glaukos) A blue-skinned, green-haired, fish-tailed sea-god.

NEREUS An elderly sea-god with the coiled tail of a fish in place of legs. SCYLLA (Skylla) A monstrous sea-dracaena with the upper body of a beautiful nymphe, the serpentine-tail of a sea-monster and sprung from her waist a ring of six dog foreparts. TELCHINES (Telkhines) Sea-demons with the heads of dogs and flippers of seals in place of hands. TRITON A sea-god with either a single or a pair of serpentine fish-tails in place of legs. TRITONES A race of sea daemones with the upper bodies of men and the tails of fish. Some were fearsome, scaly monsters with sharp carnivore teeth. SEA MONSTERS (Ketea) A race of gigantic, serpentine sea-dragons. SCOLOPENDRA (Skolopendra) A gargantuan sea-monster with hair extending from its nostrils, a flat crayfish-like tail and rows of webbed feet lining each of its flanks. SEA MONSTER, ETHIOPIAN (Ketos Aithiopios) A sea-monster killed by Perseus.

SEA MONSTER, TROJAN (Ketos Troios) A sea-monster slain by Heracles. SHEEP, GOLDEN (Melai Khryseoi) A flock of aggressive and highly poisonous, golden-fleeced sheep. SIRENS (Seirenes) Three winged sea-monsters whose irresistable song lured sailors to their deaths. They had the heads (or heads and torsos) of women and the bodies of birds. SPHINX A Theban monster with the head of a woman and the body of a lioness. TURTLE, GIANT A giant turtle preyed on the men cast into the sea by the bandit Sciron. UNICORNS Fabulous Indian horses with a single magical horn. The Greeks called them Monocerata (One-Horned) which the Romans translated as Unicorni.

Question: Which Greek mythological giant had 100 eyes?
Answer: Argus