Henry (Tudor) of England (1457-1509) | WikiTree: The FREE Family Tree Biography 1457 Birth and Parentage Henry Tudor was the son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and his wife Margaret Beaufort. He was born posthumously in Pembroke Castle on 28 January 1457. [1] His paternal grandparents were Owen Tudor and Catherine of Valois. Maternally, he's also the great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford. [2] 1461 Childhood and Youth He was Earl of Richmond from birth and lived at Pembroke Castle under the care of his uncle Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, until 30 Sept 1461, when the castle was surrendered to Lords Herbert and Ferrers of Chartley. Loss of the earldom followed before 12 Aug 1462. With the Lancastrian defeat at Tewkesbury 4 May 1471 he and his uncle fled to Brittany.

[1] 1483 Unsuccessful Revolts Jasper and Henry sailed to join the uprising against King Richard III in 1483 but were unable to land. 25 Jan 1484 he was attained in his absence. [1] Claim to the Throne Henry Tudor's claim to the English throne was tenuous at best. Through his mother, Margaret Beaufort, he was descended from John of Gaunt's illicit affair with Catherine Swynford. [3] Though the issue born before their marriage had been legitimated by parliament, all claims of this line were never valid until the direct male line of John of Gaunt had become extinct. [4] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, had married Catherine of Valois, the widow of Henry V and daughter to Charles VI of France. Their son Edmund, being the half brother of Henry VI, was created Earl of Richmond. He married Margaret Beaufort, only daughter of John, Duke of Somerset, and died more than two months before their son, Henry Tudor, was born in 1457. [4] Despite his Lancastrian connections, Henry ultimately ganied the throne through personal battle.

[3] At the Battle of Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485, Henry, Earl of Richmond, defeated King Richard III of England and became King Henry VII of England. [5] He was crowned at Westminster on October 30, 1485. Then, on January 18, 1486 at Westminster, in fulfilment of pledges by which he had gained the loyalty of many Yorkist supporters, he was married to Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter and heiress of Edward IV. Thus the Red Rose of Lancaster and the White Rose of York were united and the pretexts for civil war were done away with-- the Cousins' War had ended. [4] Henry's claim to the throne was weak and possibly illegal [6] . Nevertheless, although he had won the throne by right of conquest, Henry dated his reign from the day before Bosworth.. [7] In an act of attainder, Parliament, declared that Richard of Gloucester had been a traitor who had usurped the throne and 'by great and continued deliberation, traitorously levied war against our said sovereign lord and his true subjects' .

[8] 1485 Battle of Bosworth On 1 Aug 1485 Henry sailed from Harfleur, landing at Milford Haven. His forces defeated Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field 22 Aug 1485 and he seized the crown as Henry VII, King of England. He was crowned 30 Oct 1485 at Westminster Abbey. [1] 1485 Marriage to Elizabeth of York On 18 Jan 1486 in Westminster Abbey he married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, King of England and his wife Elizabeth Wydeville. She was born 11 Feb 1466 at Westminster Palace and died in childbirth 11 Feb 1503. She was buried in Westminster Abbey. [1] Death He died in Richmond Palace, Surrey 21 April 1509 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. [1] Burial of King Henry VII He was buried on 11 May 1509 at Westminster Abbey. (Royal Tombs of Medieval England) Henry VII planned his tomb well in advance of his death.

Henry had a dynastic point to make and was forced to give his monument early consideration because the most senior burial positions in the Confessor's Chapel at Westminster were occupied. In 1496 Henry had began the rebuilding of the chapel of St. Edward at Windsor for his tomb, but by 1504 had transferred his plans from Windsor to Westminster, when he founded a chantry there for himself, his wife, Elizabeth of York, his parents and ancestors. In 1506 Margaret Beaufort founded a Westminster chantry of her own. Henry VII's will of 1509 boasts his grandmother's twin royal status of being the wife of an English king (Henry V) and daughter of a French one (Charles VI) and cites her burial at Westminster as one reason why he wished to be buried there himself. Work on his chapel continued until Henry's death in 1509, with his will providing considerable funds for its completion. In 1507 Henry appears to have commissioned a new tomb featuring gilt effigies of himself and Elizabeth of York with a tomb-chest executed in black and white marble. Henry died at Richmond on 21 April 1509.

His new chapel, unfinished, was consecrated the day before in preparation of burial. The king's coffin was taken to St. Paul's in London bearing a funeral effigy dressed in parliamentary robes with crown, scepter and orb. The coffin lay beneath a canopy of cloth of gold with its carriage drawn by seven horses wearing funerary trappings accompanied by 330 torchbearers and with knights carrying royal and religious banners. The coffin was installed before St. Paul's high altar for the singing of Mass and then the coffin was returned to its carriage for the journey to Westminster. At Charing the carriage was met by abbots of the various cathedrals and Westminster monks. Accompanied by a further 100 torchbearers the carriage continued to the west door of the abbey church, with the coffin being installed either before the high altar or in Henry's new chapel, that part not being recorded. Mass was sung and the coffin was interred. The foundations of Henry's new chapel incorporated a large vault at the east end, and it was here that Henry and his wife Elizabeth of York were buried. Henry's tomb was not commissioned until 1512 and not completed until around 1518.

The tomb has gilt-bronze effigies and with a black and white marble tomb-chest. The effigies show the couple with hands clasped in prayer, the only sign of royal status being two gilt crowns, since lost. Both are clearly portraits with Henry's effigy probably modeled on a death mask. In 1867 the vault beneath the tomb was opened and found to contain three lead coffins. The coffins of Henry VII and James I (d.1625) were identified by inscriptions and a third coffin bearing a large cross but without inscription almost certainly being that of Elizabeth of York. [9] Issue King Henry VII & his wife had eight children: Arthur was born in St Swithun’s Priory, Winchester 20 Sep 1486 and died in Ludlow Castle, Shropshire 2 Apr 1502; buried Worcester Cathedral). He was Duke of Cornwall from birth. He was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester 29 Nov 1489 but predeceased his father in 1502. He married, first by proxy and then in person at St.

Paul's Cathedral, London 14 Nov 1501 as her first husband, Infanta doña CATALINA de Aragón, daughter of FERNANDO V King of Aragon & his wife Isabel I Queen of Castile. Catalina was born in Alcala de Henares 16 Dec 1485 and died in Kimbolton Castle, Huntingdonshire 7 Jan 1536; she was buried in Peterborough Cathedral. She married secondly her first husband’s younger brother, King Henry VIII. [1] Margaret was born in the Palace of Westminster 28 Nov 1489 and died in Methven Castle, Perthshire 18 Oct 1541; buried in Carthusian Monastery of St John, Perth. She became the Queen Regent of Scotland. She died of palsy. She married first by proxy and then in person at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh 8 Aug 1503, James IV, King of Scotland, son of James III, King of Scotland and his wife Margarethe of Denmark.

James was born 17 Mar 1473 and killed in battle at Flodden Field, Nortuhumberland 9 Sep 1513; he was buried in Sheen Abbey, Surrey. Margaret married secondly in Kinnoul Church 6 Aug 1514 as his second wife, Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, son of George Douglas, Master of Angus and his wife Lady Elizabeth Drummond. They divorced 11 Mar 1527. Archibald Douglas was born 1490 and died in Tantallon Castle Jan 1557, was buried at Abernethy. Margaret married thirdly (before 2 Apr 1528) as his second wife, Henry Stewart, son of Andrew Stewart, Lord Avondale and his wife Lady Margaret Kennedy. Stewart was born 1495/1500 and died soon after 10 Oct 1551. He was created Lord Methven 17 Jul 1528. Margaret & her first husband had six children.

[1] Henry, born Greenwich Palace, Kent 28 Jun 1491, died Whitehall Palace, London 28 Jan 1547; buried St George's Chapel, Windsor. He succeeded his father 22 Apr 1509 as Henry VIII, King of England. [1] Elizabeth, born 2 Jul 1492 at Eltham Palace, Kent, died 7 Oct or 14 Nov 1495, buried in Westminster Abbey. [1] Mary, born either at Richmond Palace, Surrey or at Palace of Westminster 18 Mar 1496, died at Westhorpe Hall, Suffolk [24/26] Jun 1533; buried 22 Jul at the Abbey Church, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. Her body was transferred to St Mary’s Church, Bury St Edmunds. She was crowned Queen of France 5 Nov 1514 at St Denis Cathedral, Paris.

She married first by contract, then by proxy more than once, finally in person at Abbeville Cathedral, Somme 9 Oct 1514, as his third wife, Louis XII, King of France, son of Charles, Duc d'Orleans & his third wife Maria von Kleve. Louis was born in the Château de Blois 27 Jun 1462 and died at the Hôtel royal des Tournelles, Paris 1 Jan 1515; buried at the église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Mary married secondly -- secretly in the Chapel in the Palais de Cluny, Paris [4/20] Feb 1515 and 31 Mar 1515, and publicly Greyfriars Church, Greenwich Palace 13 May 1515, as his third wife, Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, son of William Brandon & his wife Elizabeth Bruyn. Charles Brandon was born 1484 and died at The Palace, Guildford, Surrey 22 Aug 1545; he was bur St George’s Chapel, Windsor. Mary & her second husband had three children.

[1] Edmund, born Greenwich Palace, Kent 21 Feb 1499 and died Old Palace, Bishop’s Hatfield, Hertfordshire 19 Jun 1500; bur 22 Jun Westminster Abbey. [1] Edward, died young, buried Westminster Abbey. [1] Katherine, born in the Tower of London 2 Feb 1503, died in the Tower of London the same month, 18 Feb] 1503, bur Westminster Abbey. [1] Roland de Velville, a possible illegitimate son by a Breton lady, born between 1471 and 1485 while Henry Tudor was in exile in Brittany, and died in 1535. Constable of Beaumaris Castle, Anglesey 1509-1535.] He married Agnes Griffith, daughter of Gwilym Fychan of Penrhyn [Chamberlain of North Wales] & his second wife Gwenllian daughter of Iowerth ap David. Agnes died in 1542.

[1] Sources Private Messages: Contact the Profile Managers privately: Katherine Wall , Roten Cooper , Eva Ramos , and Lindsay Coleman . (Best when privacy is an issue.) Public Comments: Login to post. (Best for messages specifically directed to those editing this profile. Limit 20 per day.) Public Q&A: These will appear above and in the Genealogist-to-Genealogist (G2G) Forum . (Best for anything directed to the wider genealogy community.) On 11 Jan 2016 at 23:36 GMT Katherine (Alvis) Patterson wrote: Howe-1317 and Tudor-18 do not represent the same person because: Different birth dates and different surnames. On 7 Jan 2016 at 10:24 GMT John Elkin wrote: Howe-1317 and Tudor-18 appear to represent the same person because: Year of birth given for Howe-1317 is actually the year Henry VII was crowned. On 18 Jan 2015 at 03:32 GMT Bob Fields wrote: Henry married Elizabeth of York, not her mother Elizabeth Woodville.

Removing Elizabeth Woodville as his wife. On 23 Nov 2014 at 23:43 GMT Doug Lockwood wrote: Henry VII (Tudor) of England is notable. Henry VII is 20 steps away from A.J. Jacobs in the global family tree ! On 9 May 2012 at 20:17 GMT Lindsay (Stough) Coleman wrote: This profile is a work-in-progress. Under the developing rules on historically-significant ancestors over 300-years-old supervisors are doing expedited merges. We need one manager to take primary responsibility for each profile. Management rights and/or trusted status may be terminated per policy. Please see for more details. Please feel free to contact me with any questions as well. Thanks! On 6 Jan 2012 at 17:19 GMT P (Ross) R wrote: Here Elizabeth is wife of Henry VII of England and not Thomas L. very confusing.

Henry VII is 18 degrees from Kevin Bacon, 43 degrees from Domingo Ghirardelli, 19 degrees from Ronel Olivier, 21 degrees from Rosa Parks and 15 degrees from Queen Elizabeth II of the Commonwealth Realms on our single family tree. Login to find your connection. BBC Blogs - Wales - Henry Tudor, the Welsh King of England Henry Tudor, the Welsh King of England Tuesday 26 April 2011, 10:17 At the mighty Pembroke Castle in west Wales on 28 January 1457, the only Welshman ever to become king of England was born. Henry Tudor The man in question was Henry Tudor , who ruled for over 20 years as Henry VII and, perhaps more importantly for the history of this country, founded the Tudor dynasty which effectively created modern Britain. He came to the throne at a troubled and chaotic time but in his 23 years at the helm he brought peace and stability to a realm that, for 30 years, had known only bloodshed and mayhem.

Henry's grandfather came from Ynys Mon - Anglesey, as the English knew it - and had served with honour and bravery in the French wars with Henry V . He fought at the Battle of Agincourt alongside the young king and was well respected by the royal family. Indeed, legend declares that he secretly married Henry's widow Catherine some time after the king's untimely death. His son, Edmund, was later declared legitimate and made Earl of Richmond in 1452. The years after the death of Henry V saw the eruption of the Wars of the Roses , the great baronial houses of York and Lancaster fighting for control of the country and the throne. The trouble lay in the person of the new king, Henry VI. He was, initially, under age but when he did take over the trappings of kingship he was soon revealed as a weak and unstable leader who might well have had problems with his mental health. With both York and Lancaster vying for control of the king - and therefore the right to rule or run the country - this was a period of confusion and terrible destruction. Battle followed battle, execution followed execution, with first one side, then the other, achieving superiority.

Henry Tudor's father, a Lancastrian, was heavily involved in the campaigns and the fighting. He was eventually captured by Yorkist forces and died at Carmarthen some three or four months before his son was born. Edmund's brother, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, then became protector of Edmund's widow, the 13-year-old Margaret Beaufort. She was ensconced in Pembroke Castle, the strongest and most prestigious castle in the country, and there she gave birth to Henry. When the Yorkist Edward IV came to the throne in 1461 Jasper Tudor was forced to flee, taking sanctuary on the continent. William Herbert was given control of Pembroke Castle and the young Henry lived in his household until 1469. When, thanks to the wiles of Warwick the Kingmaker, Edward was briefly deposed and Henry VI returned to the throne, Jasper also came back, bringing the young Henry to court with him. It was a brief sojourn as Edward was soon back in control and Jasper - and Henry - were forced to flee once more. Henry spent the next 14 years in exile in Brittany, albeit as the last and most significant opponent of the Yorkist cause.

He made one attempt to invade but this failed dismally. And so, in 1485, it was with a degree of trepidation that Henry decided on a final throw of the dice. Backed by a small force of French soldiers he landed at Mill Bay in Milford Haven and called all of Wales to rally to his banner. By now Edward had died and his brother Richard had seized the English throne. He was not unduly popular in Wales and so many noblemen and foot soldiers did quickly join Henry's growing force, notably the king's main officer in this part of Wales, Sir Rhys ap Thomas. Legend and fact do blur somewhat at this time. There is a wonderful story of Sir Rhys - who had sworn to the king that Henry would land only "over my body" - lying under a bridge so that Henry could march his army over his prostrate form and thereby keep his word. A great story - but probably only that, a story! Henry Tudor duly defeated Richard at the Battle of Bosworth Field and established his dynasty.

During the build up to the battle he had unashamedly played on his Welsh origins, making great capital out of the old Welsh story of Y Mab Darogan - the son of prophesy - who, people believed, would lead the Welsh out of oppression. He, Henry claimed, was that man. Yet once he became king Henry neatly turned his back on Wales, leaving the control and governance of the country to men like Sir Rhys ap Thomas. Again, it is only a story but many believe that Henry's old nurse at Pembroke Castle, the wife of Philip ap Howell of Carmarthen, actually taught him to speak Welsh. He certainly remained fond of her and when he became king one of his first acts was to award her a pension. It was something of a shame that he did not think so highly of the country of his birth. Yet Henry's main concern was to bring stability and peace to all of Britain so it is perhaps understandable that Wales, safe in the capable hands of Sir Rhys ap Thomas, should be left alone. Over the next 20 or so years Henry VII destroyed the power of the barons, outlawed private retainer armies and made the country wealthy once more.

Henry's claim to the throne may have been weak - it was, ultimately, little more than the power of the sword. But this previously rather obscure nobleman, whose roots lie in an island off the north coast of the country, remains one of the most influential Welshmen in British history. Read more about the Tudors on the BBC Wales History website. Tagged with: Pembroke Castle - Well Preserved Medieval Keep Castle in Wales Pembroke Castle Well Preserved Medieval Keep Castle in Wales Pembroke Castle is a medieval castle in Pembroke in West Wales. The castle is sited on a strategic rocky promontory by Pembroke River. The first castle here was established in 1093 during the Norman invasion of Wales. It was a Norman motte and bailey with earthen ramparts and a timber palisade The present structure owes much to William Marshal, "The Flower of Courtesy", one of the most powerful men in 12th-Century Britain. It was owned by a long succession of families and saw action in many wars and uprisings over the centuries. Today, the castle is open to the public. It remains the largest privately-owned castle in Wales.

Telephone from the UK: 01646 681510 Telephone from the US: 010 44 1646 681510 Telephone from France: 00 44 1646 681510 Telephone from other countries: +44 (0)1646 681510 Fax: 01646 622260 Small scale map showing the location of Pembroke Castle Google map showing the location of Pembroke Castle In Welsh Pembroke Castle is know as Castell Penfro. History A Norman Lord, Roger of Montgomery founded the first castle here in the 11th century. Although only made from earth and wood, it resisted several Welsh attacks and sieges over the next 30 years, the castle establishing itself at the heart of the Norman-controlled lands of southwest Wales. In the 12th century Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, eldest son of Roger de Montgomerie, was forced to forfeit his British lands and titles after he rebelled against King Henry I.

By 1138 King Stephen had given Pembroke Castle to Gilbert de Clare who used it as a base in the Norman invasion of Ireland. In August 1189 Richard I arranged the marriage of Isabel, Gilbert de Clare's granddaughter, to William Marshal who later received both the castle and the title, Earl of Pembroke. He set about turning the earth and wood fort into an impressive stone castle with a massive round stone keep - only royal towers of the period are comparable in scale. Marshall was succeeded by each of his five sons. His third son, Gilbert Marshal, was responsible for enlarging and further strengthening the castle between 1234 and 1241. All of Marshal's sons died childless. In 1247, the castle was inherited by William de Valence, a half-brother of Henry III who became Earl of Pembroke through his marriage to Joan, William Marshal's granddaughter. The Valence family held Pembroke for 70 years. During this time, the town was fortified with defensive walls, three main gates and a postern.

Pembroke Castle became de Valence's military base for fighting the Welsh princes, during the conquest of North Wales by Edward I between 1277 and 1295. On the death of Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (son of William de Valence) the castle passed through marriage to the Hastings family. In 1389, 17-year-old John Hastings died in a jousting accident ending a line of inheritance stretching back 250 years. The castle reverted to Richard II. Short tenancies were then granted by the Crown. By 1400 Owain Glyndwr had begun a rebellion in Wales, but Pembroke escaped attack because the castle's Constable, Francis а Court, paid off Glyndwr. Eventually the castle and the earldom were presented to Jasper Tudor by his half-brother Henry VI in 1452. Tudor brought his widowed sister-in-law, Margaret Beaufort, to Pembroke where she gave birth to her only child, the future King Henry VII of England who was born in 1457.

In the 15th and 16th centuries the castle saw a period of peace. At the outbreak of the English Civil War most of South Wales sided with the King but Pembroke declared for Parliament. It was besieged by Royalist troops and saved after Parliamentary reinforcements arrived by sea from nearby Milford Haven. In 1648, when the war was at its close, Pembroke's leaders changed sides and led a Royalist uprising. Oliver Cromwell came to Pembroke and took the castle after a seven-week siege. Its three leaders were found guilty of treason and Cromwell ordered the castle to be destroyed. Townspeople were encouraged to dismantle the fortress and re-use its stone for their own purposes. The castle was then abandoned and allowed to decay. Pembroke Castle remained in ruins until 1880 when a three-year restoration project was undertaken. Nothing further was done until Major-General Sir Ivor Philipps acquired the castle in 1928 and started an extensive restoration of the castle's walls, gatehouses and towers. After his death a trust was set up for the castle, jointly managed by the Philipps family and Pembroke Town council.

Architecture William Marshall's inner ward, which was constructed first, contains the huge round keep with a domed roof. Its original first-floor entrance was through an external stairwell. Inside it, a spiral stairwell connected its four storeys. The keep's domed roof has several putlog holes that supported a wooden fighting-platform. If the castle was attacked, the hoards allowed defenders to go out beyond the keep's massive walls above the heads of the attackers. This drawing illustrattes the concentric natureof Marshall's castle, with the river protecting three sides The inner ward's curtain wall had a large horseshoe-shaped gateway. Only a thin wall was required along the promontory. This section of wall has a small observation turret and a square stone platform. Domestic buildings including William Marshal's Great Hall and private apartments were sited within the inner ward. In the late 13th century, additional buildings were added to the inner ward including a new Great Hall. A 55-step spiral stairwell was also created that led down to a large limestone cave, known as Wogan Cavern, beneath the castle. The cave, which had been created by natural water erosion, was fortified with a wall, barred gateway and arrowslits.

It may have served as a boathouse or a sallyport to the river where cargo or people could have been transferred in and out of the castle. The outer ward was defended by a large twin-towered gatehouse, barbican and several round towers. The outer wall is 5 metres (16 ft) thick in places and constructed from Siltstone ashlar. Although Pembroke Castle is a Norman-style enclosure castle with Great Keep, it can also be classified as a linear fortification or spur castle because, like the later 13th-century castles at Caernarfon and Conwy, it was built on a rock promontory surrounded by water. Attacking forces could only assault a narrow front. Architecturally, Pembroke's thickest walls and towers are concentrated on its landward side facing the town, the river creating a natural defence around the rest of its perimeter. Pembroke Castle painted by Turner Looking over the River About Henry VII TUDOR (King of England) The Bridgeman Art Library This shrewdness in establishing himself so securely from the outset, and his subsequent policies, must surely have been the result of Henry's forethought in the years of his exile.

He had not fought for the throne without planning how he would hold onto it, though he lacked any experience in kingship. All Henry's work in the years of his reign had the underlying factor of his determination to make his position, and that of his heirs, secure. At home he built up a strong government, based on financial solvency and popular support; abroad, he sought recognition of his position from his fellow-monarchs and a prestige among them which would impress his own subjects. His use of Parliament is a case in point. The days had not yet come when there would be a national outcry if Parliament did not meet regularly to have its say in government; at the end of the 15th century the summoning of a Parliament would be more likely to elicit national groans that the King wanted his subjects to grant him taxes. Members' bills were certainly presented, debated, and enacted, but the Commons knew that this was a concession dependent on their first granting the King his demands. Henry did indeed need taxation, but he also made use of Parliament to bring in his own bills, measures which reinforced his position mainly through establishing and extending the powers of his executive.

At the same time he made sure that no charges of over-taxing his people could be brought against him--a sure way to encourage rebellion. In the first 12 years of his reign, he called only six Parliaments: by the end of that period he had laid a solid financial foundation of government and enacted the main body of his legislation. In the second 12 years he called only one Parliament. So well did the King use his sources of revenue, making the most of every asset, that he had no need to trouble the Lords and Commons. It was in the financial sphere that Henry's genius was most apparent. This is not to say that he was an innovator; the Yorkist kings had shown themselves adept at financial administration, but Henry VII so refined their procedures of revenue collection and the apportioning of money to government needs that, by his personal supervision, he made the Crown solvent for the first time in many years and, at his death, left an immense reserve to his heir.

Apart from the taxes voted by Parliament, Henry induced the Commons to enact the return to the Crown of most of the royal lands which had been alienated since 1455; by the ingenious device of having Parliament declare that he had been King on the day before Bosworth , he turned into traitors all those who had fought against him--and was thus able to claim their estates as forfeit for treason. By this extension of Crown lands, and by their efficient administration, Henry increased their value, by the end of his reign, to some _35,000 per annum. Added to this, Henry had persuaded his first Parliament to grant him customs revenue for the whole of his life -by encouraging trade through international diplomacy, he increased customs yield; by farming out his dues he ensured maximum efficiency of collection and ensured the highest feasible income; he was receiving almost _ 40,000 per annum by the end of his reign. Through improving the efficiency of his courts, the King could also rely on an income from "the profits of justice," i.e. from fines.

And of course he had the ago-old "feudal dues" of medieval kingship, from the nobility, though it was only in the second half of the reign that he came to rely on the unscrupulous ingenuity of Morton , Empson , and Dudley, his hated collectors, for the increased fruits of his traditional revenue. Henry VII along with Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley The Duke of Rutland Though the King recurrently had to resort to Parliament to pay for his wars, this was considered a reasonable expense (except by the Cornishmen who revolted at being made to pay for war far away on the Scottish borders). However, he never thought it necessary to reimburse his people with the money which remained to him when he made peace--and he liked to make his price for peace a large sum of money from his former enemies. Just as Henry made no real innovations in his financial policy, so there was a marked degree of continuity in his methods of administration. Indeed, the very personnel of his Council and departments of state were mainly "old hands" from past reigns.

Previous monarchs had always striven to keep a balance in the Council between the nobility and the professional civil servants; it was only in periods of royal weakness that the magnates had played a predominant part in government. So the old theory that Henry VII was the first King to use "new men" in his government is not true, but it is true that he relied to a great extent on the abilities and intellect of such "new men" as Cardinal Morton and Bishop Fox of Winchester with much success. His was truly a government "of the talents," though the great nobles also played their part and could complain of no exclusion from their traditional role. It was to Henry's advantage that the Wars of the Roses had reduced the numbers of his nobility, weeding out men who had earlier been so "overmighty" in their dealings with the Crown. But he took no chances. With his usual forethought, Henry restrained his nobles' old tendencies to collect private armies; in 1487 he enacted a law against "livery and maintenance" and in 1504 codified existing statutes against "retaining", to prevent the nobles from keeping independent forces.

But his main achievement in this sphere was in his successful enforcement of these laws, accomplished largely through the vigilance of his increasingly valuable Justices of the Peace. These men were the mainstay of the Crown in the provinces, the visible proof of the strength of the central government. Nevertheless, England was not restored to order overnight. The Wars of the Roses had not ended with the death of Richard III, for there were still ambitious supporters of the House of York. In theory, the claimants could be discounted; Henry himself had married Elizabeth of York and married off most of her younger sisters to his own supporters. Of their cousins, Edward, Earl of Warwick , a child, was safely in the Tower, and the de la Pole brothers had made their submission to Henry after Bosworth . Thus, the main threat to Henry's security came not from the scions of York themselves but from impostors. In 1487 Henry crushes a revolt by the Earl of Lincoln on behalf of Lambert Simnel , who claimed to be one of the missing princes from the Tower.

Lambert Simnel , the ten year old boy, son of an Oxford tradesman, was coached by an ambitious priest to impersonate the Earl of Warwick , Clarence's son, and was crowned 'Edward VI' in Dublin Cathedral. After the defeat of the conspirators at Stoke on 16 Jun (when the Earl of Lincoln was killed) Henry decided that ridicule was the best weapon and made Simnel a turnspit in the royal kitchens, later promoting him to falconer. He died in his bed aged 50, a remarkable record for one found guilty of treason against the Tudors. Henry invades France at 1491, but at the Treaty of Etaples agrees to withdraw English forces in return for a large sum of money. At 1492, a Flemish boy named Perkin Warbeck , claiming again to be one of the princes from the Tower, claims the throne and attempts to overthrow Henry.

Perkin Warbeck , was a more serious and long term threat to Henry VII, since he was recognised as 'Richard Duke of York' by many of the sovereign rulers of Europe and his continuing existence dominated Henry's foreign policy until his execution in 1499.In 1497 Warbeck was captured. He might have been awarded the same mercy as Simnel (who now worked in the royal kitchens) had he not tried to escape from prison in the Tower. Henry could not afford now to let him live, and he was executed in 1499. Warwick, the innocent pawn, was beheaded at the same time, for, as long as he lived, there would certainly be pretentions on his behalf. Warbeck true identity remains a mystery, not resolved at the time, in spite of Henry's publication of his 'Confession' and still giving rise to speculation five centuries after his death. This was not the end of the "white rose" conspiracies, for several of the de la Pole brothers still lived in freedom. Indeed, they, and Warwick 's sister, Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury , would live on to trouble Henry VIII many years later.

But for Henry VII the testing-time of rival claimants was over. That both rebellions had originated in Ireland was significant. To Henry's mind, too much independence had been allowed to Ireland by the Yorkist overlords of the previous reigns. Wisely, he first showed the iron fist, forbidding the Irish to continue holding their own Parliament; then to avert rebellion against such over-harsh measures, he relaxed his rule, relying on the trustworthiness of his new deputy, the popular Earl of Kildare, a rebel-turned-loyalist, to keep the Irish in check. Nevertheless, like so many English sovereigns before and after him, Henry could never rely on loyalty beyond the Dublin "Pale" area and in a few ports which lived by English trade, and he was not ready to risk full-scale armed intervention to gain total Irish obedience. Henry conducted most of his international dealings with an eye to recognition of his crown as well as to the security of his realm. He was delighted to be accepted as an ally by the Emperor Maximilian and the Spanish monarchs in 1489 in their war against France, though later it proved that only Henry had the enthusiasm to prosecute that war seriously.

In the Treaty of Medina del Campo, Fernando and Isabel of Spain promised their daughter Catalina to Henry's son Arthur , and their wedding in 1501 was a tangible triumph for Henry. Scotland was another problem. The age-old traditional warfare between neighbouring kingdoms was a threat the Tudor monarch could not ignore, especially after Scotland's King James IV gave support to Perkin Warbeck . Though Henry assiduously avoided open war, and despite a formal truce in 1497, border raiding continued unchecked on both sides. A solution was found in 1499 when Henry opened negotiations to marry his daughter Margaret to James IV of Scotland as token of his hopes for a "perpetual peace." Though the agreement reached in 1502 provided a lull in the fighting for only a few years, the elevation of Henry's daughter to a throne was a valuable recognition of the permanence of his dynasty. Henry's political acumen was also evident in his handling of foreign affairs. He played Spain off of France by arranging the marriage of his eldest son, Arthur , to Catalina de Aragon , daughter of Fernando and Isabel.

Arthur died within months and Henry secured a papal dispensation for Catalina to marry Arthur 's brother, the future Henry VIII ; this single event had the widest-ranging effect of all Henry's actions: Henry VIII 's annulment from Catalina was the impetus for the separation of the Church of England from the body of Roman Catholicism. The marriage of Henry's daughter, Margaret , to James IV of Scotland would also have later repercussions, as the marriage connected the royal families of both England and Scotland, leading the Stuarts to the throne after the extinction of the Tudor dynasty. England could not but rejoice at its king's diplomatic acumen. Diplomacy and trade went hand in hand, and in Henry's reign England's prosperity was assured. He made an advantageous treaty with Denmark for fishing rights and an agreement with Florence for the sale of English wool there; he was also able, in 1496, to extract excellent terms from the Archduke Phillip for English trade with the Netherlands, a pact formulated in the <I>Intercursus Magnus<I>.

(Trading on his own account, the King made a profit of some 15,000 on deals in alum in 1505-1506.) Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales Genealogy of King Henry VII Tudor of England King Henry VII Tudor of England Born: 28 Jan 1457, Pembroke Castle, Wales Marriage: Duchess Elizabeth Plantagenet of Suffolk Died: 21 Apr 1509, Westminster Palace, London aged 52 Buried: Westminster Abbey, London, England Noted events in his life were: ï¿½ Ruled: King of England, 1485-1509. Henry married Duchess Elizabeth Plantagenet of Suffolk, daughter of King Edward IV Plantagenet of England and Elizabeth Wydville.

(Duchess Elizabeth Plantagenet of Suffolk was born on 11 Feb 1466 in Westminster Palace, London, died on 11 Feb 1503 in Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England and was buried in Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey, London.) Henry VII of England (1457-1509) | Familypedia | Fandom powered by Wikia Henry VII of England (1457-1509) 217,345pages on Offspring of Henry VII of England and Unknown Breton concubine (c1455) Name BBC - Wales History: Henry Tudor, the Welsh King of England Henry Tudor, the Welsh King of England Post categories: 15th century , History , Royalty Phil Carradice | 09:17 UK time, Tuesday, 26 April 2011 At the mighty Pembroke Castle in west Wales on 28 January 1457, the only Welshman ever to become king of England was born.

Henry Tudor The man in question was Henry Tudor , who ruled for over 20 years as Henry VII and, perhaps more importantly for the history of this country, founded the Tudor dynasty which effectively created modern Britain. He came to the throne at a troubled and chaotic time but in his 23 years at the helm he brought peace and stability to a realm that, for 30 years, had known only bloodshed and mayhem. Henry's grandfather came from Ynys Mon - Anglesey, as the English knew it - and had served with honour and bravery in the French wars with Henry V . He fought at the Battle of Agincourt alongside the young king and was well respected by the royal family. Indeed, legend declares that he secretly married Henry's widow Catherine some time after the king's untimely death. His son, Edmund, was later declared legitimate and made Earl of Richmond in 1452. The years after the death of Henry V saw the eruption of the Wars of the Roses , the great baronial houses of York and Lancaster fighting for control of the country and the throne. The trouble lay in the person of the new king, Henry VI.

He was, initially, under age but when he did take over the trappings of kingship he was soon revealed as a weak and unstable leader who might well have had problems with his mental health. With both York and Lancaster vying for control of the king - and therefore the right to rule or run the country - this was a period of confusion and terrible destruction. Battle followed battle, execution followed execution, with first one side, then the other, achieving superiority. Henry Tudor's father, a Lancastrian, was heavily involved in the campaigns and the fighting. He was eventually captured by Yorkist forces and died at Carmarthen some three or four months before his son was born. Edmund's brother, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, then became protector of Edmund's widow, the 13-year-old Margaret Beaufort. She was ensconced in Pembroke Castle, the strongest and most prestigious castle in the country, and there she gave birth to Henry. When the Yorkist Edward IV came to the throne in 1461 Jasper Tudor was forced to flee, taking sanctuary on the continent. William Herbert was given control of Pembroke Castle and the young Henry lived in his household until 1469.

When, thanks to the wiles of Warwick the Kingmaker, Edward was briefly deposed and Henry VI returned to the throne, Jasper also came back, bringing the young Henry to court with him. It was a brief sojourn as Edward was soon back in control and Jasper - and Henry - were forced to flee once more. Henry spent the next 14 years in exile in Brittany, albeit as the last and most significant opponent of the Yorkist cause. He made one attempt to invade but this failed dismally. And so, in 1485, it was with a degree of trepidation that Henry decided on a final throw of the dice. Backed by a small force of French soldiers he landed at Mill Bay in Milford Haven and called all of Wales to rally to his banner. By now Edward had died and his brother Richard had seized the English throne. He was not unduly popular in Wales and so many noblemen and foot soldiers did quickly join Henry's growing force, notably the king's main officer in this part of Wales, Sir Rhys ap Thomas. Legend and fact do blur somewhat at this time.

There is a wonderful story of Sir Rhys - who had sworn to the king that Henry would land only "over my body" - lying under a bridge so that Henry could march his army over his prostrate form and thereby keep his word. A great story - but probably only that, a story! Henry Tudor duly defeated Richard at the Battle of Bosworth Field and established his dynasty. During the build up to the battle he had unashamedly played on his Welsh origins, making great capital out of the old Welsh story of Y Mab Darogan - the son of prophesy - who, people believed, would lead the Welsh out of oppression. He, Henry claimed, was that man. Yet once he became king Henry neatly turned his back on Wales, leaving the control and governance of the country to men like Sir Rhys ap Thomas. Again, it is only a story but many believe that Henry's old nurse at Pembroke Castle, the wife of Philip ap Howell of Carmarthen, actually taught him to speak Welsh. He certainly remained fond of her and when he became king one of his first acts was to award her a pension. It was something of a shame that he did not think so highly of the country of his birth.

Yet Henry's main concern was to bring stability and peace to all of Britain so it is perhaps understandable that Wales, safe in the capable hands of Sir Rhys ap Thomas, should be left alone. Over the next 20 or so years Henry VII destroyed the power of the barons, outlawed private retainer armies and made the country wealthy once more. Henry's claim to the throne may have been weak - it was, ultimately, little more than the power of the sword. But this previously rather obscure nobleman, whose roots lie in an island off the north coast of the country, remains one of the most influential Welshmen in British history. Pembroke Castle Pembroke Castle Pembroke Castle Pembroke Castle is a large medieval castle situated in the town of Pembroke. The first castle at the site was built in 1093 by Roger of Montgomery. This castle was given to William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, a century later. Marshal rebuilt the castle in stone, most of which remains today. The future King Henry VII of England was born at Pembroke Castle in 1457.

After the English Civil War, the castle was abandoned and left to decay, but extensive restoration work was undertaken, starting in the late 19th century. Pembroke Castle is the largest privately owned castle in Wales and is open to the public. For enquiries and bookings, please call 01646 684585. 1000+ images about Castles in Wales where my ancestors lived on Pinterest | Portrait, Births and Sons Forward The House of Tudor - The first of the Tudor dynasty, Henry VII won the prize of England's throne in battle at Bosworth from his Yorkist adversary, Richard III, last of the Plantagenet kings. Henry was considered "the nearest thing to royalty the Lancastrian party possessed" by the country's Yorkist element, he was the son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Lady Margaret Beaufort and was born on 28th January, 1457 at Pembroke Castle, Wales. See More

Question: Which English king was born in Pembroke Castle in Wales in 1457?
Answer: Henry VII