Alexandre Dumas père - Biography - IMDb Alexandre Dumas père Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (15) | Personal Quotes (2) Overview (3) Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie Mini Bio (1) His paternal grandparents were Marie Cessete Dumas (a Haitian slave) and Marquis Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie. Antoine disapproved of their son, Thomas-Alexandre, joining the French army under the "Davy de la Pailleterie" name, so Thomas-Alexandre used his mother's surname instead. He became a valued general of Napoleon, and after he married the daughter of a local tavern owner, Thomas-Alexandre had a son of his own. This son was Alexandre Dumas, who became world-famous as the author of "The Three Musketeers" and "The Count of Monte Cristo". - IMDb Mini Biography By: Nichol Spouse (1) Father of Alexandre Dumas fils . Was afraid of travelling to the USA because he feared being sold into slavery.

He was the grandson of a woman slave from the Saint Domingue island (later renamed, Haiti), where his French father was born in 1762, and lived a large part of his life. Thrand slavery was still in existance in the USA at that time). Many of his novels were originally written as newspaper serials. Has a wax figure likeness of himself at the Black Facts and Wax Museum in Los Angeles. Alexandre Dumas (fils) once came into his father's room and found him reading The Three Musketeers. Dumas (pere) finished the book and looked up at his son and remarked, "You know, that was actually pretty good!". His son, Alexandre Dumas (fils), was a noted writer also, but of religious liturgy. This was a point of contention between father and son. Alexandre (pere), felt his son could do much better by writing popular fiction, as he himself had done. Contrarily, his son felt his father had soiled the family name by ignoring the church throughout his life and refusing to write religious doctrines. Although he publicly disowned his son, Alexandre Dumas (fils), he was forced to rely on him for support in his old age.

Twice fled the city of Paris, France, to escape from his creditors. Claimed to have fathered over 500 children. Based his famous Musketeers on real people. D'Artagnan was based on Charles Ogier de Batz de Castlemore, Comte D'Artagnan. Athos was based on Armand de Sillegue d'Athos, Aramis on Henri d'Aramitz, and Porthos on Isaac de Portau. He discovered them in a fictional memoir of the original d'Artagnan that he found in the national library by Cortilz de Sandras. Athos, Aramis and Porthos do not appear in large roles, so their physical descriptions and personalities are complete inventions on Dumas's part. When he took the book home to use it for research, he never returned it. Dumas was a chronic insomniac, and his doctor ordered him to eat an apple a at 7:00 AM under the Arch of Triumph in Paris. The reasoning was that this would force him into a regular pattern of rising and retiring.

His Musketeer novels, especially the first, were part of the inspiration for Edmond Rostand 's classic play, Cyrano de Bergerac. His hero, d'Artagnan, appears briefly in the play. The villain, the Comte de Guiche, was historically the nephew of Cardinal Richelieu, the antagonist of The Three Musketeers. De Guice himself also appears in The Viscount of Bragellone. Who Is D'Artagnan? (with pictures) Who Is D'Artagnan? Last Modified Date: 25 December 2016 Copyright Protected: Top 10 unbelievable historical concurrencies D’Artagnan was the name of a French soldier who served during the reign of Louis XIV in the 1600s. He was a commander of the Musketeers, the famed royal guard that protected the king and other dignitaries. He inspired the character of the same name in Alexandre Dumas’ novel The Three Musketeers. Dumas wrote two other novels featuring the heroic Musketeers. Due to the worldwide popularity of these books, the fictionalized character is now far better known than the real person who inspired him.

His full name was Charles Ogier de Batz de Castelmore, Comte d'Artagnan, the last part of the name being his hereditary title. He served in France’s elite Musketeer corps during the mid-1600s, eventually becoming their commanding officer. During his prestigious career, he also served as a bodyguard, provincial governor, and spy. He was killed, ironically, by a shot from a musket, a primitive firearm, during France’s war with the Netherlands in the 1670s. In 2008, a French historian offered strong evidence that his grave is located in the southern part of the Netherlands, near where he died. Ad In 1700, the French writer Gatien de Sandras published The Memoirs of M. d'Artagnan, a novel based on the reminiscences of de Sandras' fellow soldiers, who knew the Musketeer. This work, like d'Artagnan’s life itself, would likely have been forgotten by history had it not been discovered, 140 years later, by the popular author Alexandre Dumas.

Dumas made d'Artagnan the subject of his next novel, The Three Musketeers. Like de Sandras’ book, The Three Musketeers was highly fictionalized, but Dumas pretended it was a genuine historical manuscript to make the work more compelling. The novel was so successful that Dumas wrote two sequels starring his Musketeers. In the novel, d'Artagnan starts out as a young aspiring soldier who meets the Three Musketeers of the title. This is a common literary device, allowing the writer to introduce the characters and their world through the main character’s experiences. The Musketeers Porthos, Athos, and Aramis are also based on real historical figures, but most of their actions and character traits were invented by Dumas. The heroes appear in two other Dumas novels, Twenty Years After and The Vicomte of Bragelonne, better known in English as The Man in the Iron Mask. Dumas’ d'Artagnan romances have been translated around the world and reprinted many times since their first appearances in the 1840s. Their tales of swashbuckling adventure have proved especially suited to film adaptations.

The Three Musketeers, in particular, has been remade as a film every five to ten years since the advent of motion pictures in the 1890s. D'Artagnan has appeared in other fictional works, including the play Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmund Rostand. These appearances have ensured a literary immortality for a man who might otherwise have been forgotten outside his native France. Ad The Three Musketeers – in Hollywood and History – btho5531 October 14, 2015 The Three Musketeers – in Hollywood and History Everyone knows the story of the Three Musketeers right? The young d’Artagnan goes to join the musketeers, who protect the King of France, only to find that the musketeers have been disbanded by the evil Cardinal Richelieu who wants to seize power for himself. But is there any truth in the story of the ‘Three Musketeers’? The three musketeers – fact or fiction?

The story of the ‘Three Musketeers’ was written by novelist Alexandre Dumas in 1844 and then retold in three Hollywood films titled ‘The Three Musketeers’ (1972, 1993 and 2011). But where did Alexandre Dumas get the idea for his story? According to Wikipedia, Alexandre Dumas quoted as his source Mémoires de Monsieur d’Artagnan (1700), a historical novel by Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras . But where did de Sandras get the idea from? de Sandras was a novelist who lived from 1644 to 1712 – during the reign of King Louis XIV of France. One website claims that de Sandras was the son of the chevalier Jean de Courtilz, seigneur of Tourly, and Lady Marie de Sandras. It is also claimed that while his family were not very wealthy, that he was descended from ‘a long line of aristocrats’.

We know that D’Artagnan was a real person whose real name was Charles Ogier de Batz de Castelmore – the captain of the musketeers who lived from about 1611 and died in 1673. So while de Sandras lived in the same time period as Charles, it is unlikely that they knew each other in real life. But how could de Sandras know so much about the French aristocracy, the musketeers and real people if he had never been a musketeer or if he had never met these people? Did Charles and de Sandras know each other? One website claims that de Sandras, being from a noble background, had actually served as a musketeer under a company commanded by D’Artagnan. For de Sandras to become a musketeer would have required him to be of noble aristocratic background. De Sandras also could not have become the prolific writer he was without an education which only those with money and privilege could afford. It has been suggested that de Sandras served time in prison at the Bastille – a infamous prison in Paris where those that criticised the king were imprisoned including the famous writer Voltaire.

If de Sandras had served time in the Bastile for criticism of the monarchy, it is possible that his writings of D’Artagnan and other people may have been based on true events and real people. This may explain why de Sandras created names for his characters rather than use the real names. It may also explain why de Sandras published the ‘Memoirs of D’Artagnan’ in Holland and not in France. But it is more likely that de Sandras may have met François de Monlezun, the Marquis of Besmaux – who would have known Charles through the musketeers and his service for Cardinal Mazarin. What was Besmaux doing at a prison? Its been also suggested that Besmaux was rewarded for his service for the Cardinal with control of the famous French prison – the Bastille. What do we know about Charles? We know that Charles was born in the town of Lupiac in South-Western France. We know that his father was Bertrand de Batz (de Baatz), whose grandfather Arnaud de Batz purchased the castle of Castelmore – and hence his name of de Baatz de Castelmore.

We know that Charles mother was Françoise de Montesquiou d’Artagnan, the sister of Henri de Montesquiou – the count of Artagnan. According to the movie, D’Artagnan is on his way to join the famous musketeers in 1630. But the truth is that as Charles’ mother Francoise was a member of the prominent Montesquiou family and that his uncle Henri may have helped the young Charles obtain permission to serve in the musketeers. It has been suggested that the young Charles took on his prominent mother’s family name of d’Artagnan to help him get the position in the musketeers. In his journey to join the musketeers, Charles (who we will now refer to as d’Artagnan), met the musketeers Athos, Porthos and Aramis. But were Athos, Porthos and Aramis real people? One website, SparkNotes , says that they were real musketeers as Porthos was known as Isaac de Portau, a member of the Captain des Essarts’s company of the King’s Guards until 1643.

The character of Aramis was Henry d’Aramitz, related to Monsieur de Treville – whose real name was Jean-Armand du Peyrer, Comte de Troisville. Who were the musketeers? The musketeers were the King’s musketeers or the Musketeers of the military household of the King of France. They got their name musketeers when the previous king of France, Louis XIII, formed the royal guard with muskets in 1622. The Musketeers were the royal guard for the King of France. We know that Charles became a captain of the musketeers during the reign of King Louis XIV – the ‘Sun King’ who ruled France from 1638 to 1715. Back to the Dumas / Hollywood version of events which would have us believe that the evil Cardinal Richelieu disbanded the Musketeers in an attempt to seize power for himself. There is no doubt that Cardinal Richelieu was a talented chief minister that wanted to restrain the power of the nobility but Richelieu wanted to increase the power of the King of France.

In the film, Cardinal Richelieu disbanded the muskeeters – but we know that it was Richelieu’s successor Cardinal Mazarin that disbanded the musketeers in 1646 and then brought them back in 1657. We also know that Richelieu distrusted the wife of King Louis XIII, Queen Anne, because of her Austrian background. So why would both de Sandras and later Alexandre Dumas write the ‘Three Musketeers’? For de Sandras, the story was more than a story, but it was about real people and events in French society that he was at times critical of. The works of de Sandras appealed to Alexandre Dumas, also critical of the Ancien Regime and absolute monarchy. Alexandre Dumas would also write famous novels as ‘The Man in the Iron Mask’ and ‘The Count of Monte Cristo’ which were also critical of the absolute monarchy in France. References Documento sin título Pintura Box Art: Alexandre Cortina Bonastre Charles Ogier de Batz de Castelmore, Comte d'Artagnan (c.

1611 â 25 June 1673) served Louis XIV as captain of the Musketeers of the Guard and died at the Siege of Maastricht in the Franco-Dutch War. A fictionalized account of his life by Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras formed the basis for the d'Artagnan Romances of Alexandre Dumas, most famously including The Three Musketeers. The heavily fictionalized version of d'Artagnan featured in Dumas' works and their subsequent screen adaptations is now far more widely known than the real historical figure. D'Artagnan is initially portrayed by Dumas a hotheaded youth, and tries to engage the Comte de Rocheford and the three musketeers, Athos, Porthos and Aramis in single combat. He quickly becomes friends with the musketeers, and has a series of adventures which put him at odds with CArdinal Richelieu, then First Minister of France. In the end, Richelieu is impressed by d'Artagnan, and makes him a Lieutenant of the Musketeers.

This begins his long career of military service, as detailed in the sequels to Dumas' famous novel. D'Artagnan's role among the Musketeers is one of leadership (his skills and brains impress the musketeers greatly), but he is also regarded as a sort of protÃ©gÃ© given his youth and inexperience. The musketeers (especially Athos) see him not only as a best friend and fellow musketeer (despite his initial job as a guard) but as a son. They are very protective of him, though they usually let him take care of himself like the others. This one is the fourth and last figure of the series of the prominent figures of Alexandre Dumas, with the possibility of being presented with the previous references Porthos, Aramis and Athos in a diorama. D'Artagnan's descriptions in the novel have been the base to elaborate the idea of this figure: According to the author, D'Artagnan is a smart young person of aquiline nose, prominent jaw and crafty face. His Gascon origin is present along the whole work, since the Gascons have reputation of brave, courageous and especially proud.

The gesture of exposing the sword before an enemy accentuates the boastful and impetuous character of the protagonist, whereas Athos (in the version of the scene) retains it in protective attitude. The gown of our D'Artagnan also differs much of that from the rest of the Musketeers, being poorer and simple this one, and armed with an a bit antiquated sword. We recommend to use a palette of colors with ochre and brown tones for the leather garments as the doublet and boots, and any color for the fabrics and feathers. Good painting!! Alexandre Dumas | Micheline's Blog ≈ 14 Comments Tags Vaux-le-Vicomte: Nicolas Fouquet’s Castle Nicolas Fouquet, by Sébastien Bourdon (Musée national du château de Versailles) (Photo credit: Larousse) Nicolas Fouquet The story of the “ City Rat and the Country Rat ,” or “Town Mouse and Country Mouse” is not insignificant. Our country mouse is as poor as the peasants who paid the astronomical bill Louis XIV ran up building Versailles.

But Louis had seen Vaux-le-Vicomte , the castle Nicolas Fouquet , the “Superintendent of Finances,” had built for himself and Louis XIV was not about to be housed in humbler dwellings than the magnificent château owned by his “surintendant des Finances,” a patron of Jean de La Fontaine, and various authors and artists. Nicolas Fouquet ,[i] marquis de Belle-Île, vicomte de Melun et Vaux (27 January 1615 – 23 March 1680) was “Superintendent of Finances” in France between 1653 and 1661. A lawyer by training, he had risen to prominence rapidly and had been named “Superintendant of Finances,” a position Italian-born Cardinal Jules Mazarin (14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), who ruled France, could not deny him. Fouquet knew that Mazarin was using his own position as “Prime Minister” to amass wealth, while the “country mice” of France lived in abject poverty.

Vaux-le-Vicomte Nicolas Fouquet’s château, Vaux-le-Vicomte,[ii] had been built by the future architect of Versailles: Louis Le Vau , and was decorated by Versailles’ future painter Charles Le Brun , who owed his training as an artist to a powerful individual, le chancelier Séguier .[iii] As for the grounds, they were designed by landscape artist André Le Nôtre . Fouquet had therefore assembled the team that would later build Louis XIV’s castle at Versailles, a community where his father, King Louis XIII, a composer, had a hunting lodge he used as his main residence. Fouquet also owned Belle-Île-sur-Mer , a fortified island where he could live if ever he needed a safe haven. As well, Fouquet had bought several private properties in Paris, “hôtels” or “hôtels particuliers,” and, in 1651, a widower, Fouquet married a very wealthy Spanish woman, Marie de Castille.

A Feast In 1661, shortly after Louis XIV ascended the throne, Fouquet hosted a fête that could not be rivalled and that convinced Louis XIV, first, that Fouquet was using public funds for private purposes and, second, that he, the King, needed a castle that would be more beautiful than the castle of a mere “subject,” at any cost. François Vatel , maître d’Hôtel The fête was a great success. François Vatel , Louis II de Bourbon-Condé ‘s future maître d’hôtel served the finest of foods, including tropical fruit grown in Fouquet’s green house, an orangerie , located on his estate. Louis XIV would ask architect Jules-Hardouin Mansart (16 April 1646 – 11 May 1708) to build an orangerie at Versailles. Molière and Lully Moreover, on 17 August 1661, dramatist Molière premièred Les Fâcheux , a comedy and a ballet, at Vaux-le-Vicomte.

The king loved to dance and had discovered a composer who could provide the appropriate music, Italian-born Giovanni Battista Lulli, renamed Jean-Baptiste Lully (28 November 1632 – 22 March 1687). Molière was one of Fouquet’s protégés, but he was also a friend of Louis XIV. Louis XIV in Lully ‘s Ballet de la nuit, 1653 (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) Louis XIV, by Hyacinthe Rigaud , 1701 (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) Fouquet Arrested and Jailed Louis quickly suspected embezzlement (malversation de fonds publics) on the part of Nicolas Fouquet, abolished the position of Superintendant of Finances, arranged for Fouquet to accompany him to Nantes where D’Artagnan , whose full name was Charles Ogier de Batz de Castelmore, Comte d’Artagnan (c. 1611 – 25 June 1673), one of his Musketeers (les mousquetaires de la maison militaire du roi de France), took the very wealthy Fouquet into custody.

Famed and prolific novelist Alexandre Dumas, père (24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870) used D’Artagnan as the leading figure in his Trois Mousquetaires (1844). This festive event sealed Fouquet’s fate. Whether or not justice was served, we may never know, but in December 1664, after a three-year trial, Nicolas Fouquet was found guilty of embezzlement and sentenced to banishment, a sentence commuted to life imprisonment. (See Fouquet , Wikipedia.) Fouquet died at Pignerol (now Pinerolo) sixteen years later, in 1680. Jean-Baptiste Colbert, who coveted a place as a member of the Conseil du Roi , assembled the material that would serve to destroy Fouquet, a possible rival. Unlike Louis XIII, who let France be governed by prime ministers: Cardinal Richelieu , replaced, in 1642, by Cardinal Jules Mazarin , Louis XIV did not want a prime minister.

The Three Musketeers , by Maurice Leloir , 1894 (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) “Athos, Porthos, Aramis & D’Artagnan” The Man with the Iron Mask , c. 1872 (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) Interestingly, Fouquet served his sentence in the same prison as the man with the iron mask (l’homme au masque de fer), whose identity has yet to be determined, but who was Fouquet’s man-servant for a short period. Rumour has it that the man in the iron mask may have been Louis XIV’s father. Louis XIII is unlikely to have fathered a son. As noted above, he preferred to live with friends in his hunting lodge at Versailles, where Louis XIV, would have his castle built. Fouquet as patron of the Arts: Jean de La Fontaine Jean de La Fontaine , the author of Le Songe de Vaux , tried to help his patron and, as a result, he was not “elected” to the Académie française until 1682.

In fact, under Louis XIV, a candidate was not “elected” to one of the forty seats of the Académie, les quarante immortels; one was appointed by the King himself. The Académie française was established by Cardinal Richelieu (9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642) in 1635. It perished in 1793, during the French Revolution, but was reestablished by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1803. Vaux-le-Vicomte had been a lesson to La Fontaine who set about writing fables that he called “a comedy immense,” cultivating a discreet form of congeniality with his peers and hosts. I believe he was the rustic rather than the city rat. Between the lines of his fables, he painted a fresco of his era. However, he did so using anthropomorphism . His animals, the elements, the trees, all were humans in disguise and stereotypes , which protected the fabulist. The Lion may be king, but the King is not a lion and would not want to be.

Imagine the ridicule Louis XIV would have brought unto himself, if he had allowed anyone to think that he was an animal, La Fontaine’s lion. La Fontaine therefore wrote Une ample comédie à cent actes divers Et dont la scène est l’univers. ≈ 28 Comments Tags Alexandre Dumas , Émigrés , Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord , Duc d'Enghien , French Revolution , Honoré de Balzac , Leo Tolstoy , Les Chouans , Napoleon , Quibéron Un Épisode de l’affaire de Quibéron, 1795, by Paul-Émile Boutigny (Photo credit: Wikipedia) A Portrait of the Three Consuls, from left to right, Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, Napoleon Bonaparte and Charles-François Lebrun* (Photo credit: Wikipedia) Charles-François Lebrun , duc de Plaisance On 21 March 1804, aged 31, His Serene Highness, The Duke of Enghien , born on 2 August 1772, was executed by single firearm.

He was an émigré but dragoons captured him and brought him to Strasbourg on 15 March 1804. He was the grand-son of Louis XIV , by Madame de Montespan , and the son of Louise Marie Thérèse Bathilde d’Orléans , the Duke of Orléans’ sister. Philippe duc d’Orléans , or Philippe Égalité, the duc d’Enghien’s uncle, voted in favour of his brother’s, Louis XVI, execution, by guillotine. The Duc d’ Enghien was a prince of the blood ( Prince du Sang ) and, therefore, a possible heir to the throne of France. He was accused of participating in a Royalist plot ( Cadoudal -Pichegru ) to defeat the Consulate ( 18 Brumaire [9 November] 1799 -1804), part of the Napoleonic era (c. 1795-1815 [ Congress of Vienna ]). He was tried for the sake of appearances, Napoleon having decided he had to be eliminated.

D’Enghien had been the commander of a corps of émigrés during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802), but he had not played a role in the above-mentioned 1804 conspiracy. By the time the duke was captured, he had married Charlotte de Rohan (25 October 1767 – 1 May 1841), privately and in near secrecy, and the couple lived in Ettenheim , in Baden , on the Rhine . (See Duc d’Enghien , Wikipedia.) Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Condé, duc d’Enghien (Photo credit: Wikipedia) There were of course many Royalists among the French during the French Revolution (1789-1794). Particularly noteworthy is a failed invasion of France called l’affaire Quibéron portrayed above by artist Paul-Émile Boutigny (1853 -1929).

On 23 June 1795, émigrés landed at Quibéron to lend support to the Vendéens , who had long fought Revolutionary forces, and the chouannerie , royalist uprisings. The émigrés hoped they could raise support in western France, end the French Revolution and re-establish the monarchy. By 21 July 1795, they had been routed. As for the duke, nothing could be done to save him. If Joséphine de Beauharnais ,[i] Napoléon I ‘s first wife, could not dissuade her husband, born Napoleone Buonaparte , no one could. Joseph Fouché , 1st Duc d’Otrante (known as the Duke of Otranto ), Napoleon’s chief of police, said of the execution that “it was worse than a crime, it was a mistake:” “C’est pire qu’un crime, c’est une faute.” The crime, for it was a crime, was imputed, probably wrongly, to Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord , one of history’s foremost survivors.

However, if the murder of the young duc d’Enghien is remembered to this day, it is as an obvious injustice, one that lingered in the mind of great writers. The “Chouans” and the Duke in literature: Balzac, Dumas and Leo Tolstoy In Les Chouans , a 1829 novel, French writer Honoré de Balzac (20 May 1799 – 18 August 1850) immortalized the royalist chouannerie , uprisings in western France and, by the same token, the royalist Vendéan insurrection . For his part, the duc d’Enghien was bestowed life eternal by Leo Tolstoy (9 September 1828 – 20 November 1910), Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy. In the first book of War and Peace , Tolstoy has the vicomte de Mortemart, a French émigré, say that: “‘[a]fter the murder of the duc, even the most partial ceased to regard [Buonaparte] as a hero.

If to some people he ever was a hero, after the murder of the duc there was one martyr more in heaven and one hero less on earth.’ The vicomte said that the duc d’Enghien had perished by his own magnanimity, and that there were particular reasons for Buonaparte’s hatred of him.” There is an anecdote according to which, during one of his fainting spells,[ii] Napoléon was at the mercy of the duke of Enghien who spared him. The execution of the duc d’Enghien might well have been Napoléon’s brief but personal French Revolution. He needed to kill an aristocrat.

Alexandre Dumas , père (24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870) featured the duc d’Enghien in his The Last Cavalier (Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine), unfinished at the time of Dumas’ death, but now published and translated into English: “[T]he dominant sentiment in Bonaparte’s mind at that moment was neither fear nor vengeance, but rather the desire for all of France to realise that Bourbon blood, so sacred to Royalist partisans, was no more sacred to him than the blood of any other citizen in the Republic. ‘Well, then’, asked Cambacérès ,[iii] ‘what have you decided?’ ‘It’s simple’, said Napoleon, ‘We shall kidnap the Duc d’Enghien and be done with it.'”[iv] Let these words be the conclusion of this post. The duc d’Enghien was a scapegoat.

Henri de La Rochejacquelein* at the Battle of Cholet in 1793, by Paul-Émile Boutigny (10 March 1853 – 27 June 1929), Musée d’art et d’histoire de Cholet. (Photo credit: Wikipedia) Cholet _________________________ [i] Napoleon divorced Joséphine in 1810 so he could marry Marie Louise d’Autriche , the future Duchess of Parma , who gave him a son. Napoléon wanted un ventre, a fertile woman. [ii] Napoleon had epileptic seizures. One of Talleyrand’s duties was to remove Napoléon from public sight when seizures occurred. [iii] Jean-Jacques Régis de Cambacérès , 1st Duke of Parma , is the author of the Napoleonic Code , a fine document still in use in Quebec. [iv] See Duc d’Enghien , Wikipedia.

Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) Grande Messe des morts, “Dies Irae” (from the Requiem) London Symphony Orchestra Wandsworth School Boys’ Choir & the London Symphony Chorus Crop of a carte de visite photo of Hector Berlioz by Franck, Paris, c. 1855 (Photo credit: Wikipedia) Micheline Walker© The Three Musketeers (Team) - Comic Vine The Three Musketeers 4 appearances The The Three Musketeers wiki last edited by NightFang3 on 03/09/14 12:52AM View full history The Three Musketeers (actually four) are historic fiction chatacters, created by Alexandre Dumas, Pères for an 1844 novel of the same name. It was successful and followed by the sequels "Twenty Years After" (1845) and "The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later" (1847 - 1850).

The final novel actualy consisted of three large tomes which are at times published as seperate novels, titled "The Vicomte de Bragelonne", "Louise de la Vallière", and "The Man in the Iron Mask.". The action of the series starts with the appearance of a youthful D'Artagnan in 1625 and ends in 1673 with his death in battle. The series covers the reigns of Kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV of France . Dumas loosely based his musketeers on figures of French history. D'Artagnan was based on Charles Ogier de Batz de Castelmore, Comte D'Artagnan (c. 1611 - 1673). He was actually a long serving member of the Musketteer Guard and was its leader at the time of his death in the Siege of Maastricht. He was known to have spend part of his career in espionage and other "delicate" operations. Aramis was based on Henri, Seigneur d' Aramitz (c.

1620 - 1655/1674), a Hugeneut Musketter who happened to be nephew of a previous Captain of the Guard. He retired to succeed to his family's hereditary title of Abbots of Bearn. Aramis was known for close friendship to two of his first cousins who were also members of the Guard, to the point they were nicknamed the "three brothers". They were Armand, Seigneur de Sillegue, D'Athos, et d'Autevielle (1615 - 1643) and Isaac de Porthau (1617 - 1712), later Secretary of the Parliament of Béarn. Dumas naturally based Athos on Armant and Porthos on Porthau. General Information Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan Early life Chateau de Castelmore D’Artagnan was born near Lupiac in south-western France. His father, Bertrand de Batz (de Baatz), was the son of a newly ennobled merchant, Arnaud de Batz, who purchased the castle of Castelmore.

Charles de Batz went to Paris in the 1630s, using the name of his mother, daughter of an illustrious family, Françoise de Montesquiou d’Artagnan . D’Artagnan found a way to enter into the Musketeers in 1632 through the support of his uncle, Henri de Montesquiou, Comte d’Artagnan, father of the field marshal Pierre de Montesquiou d’Artagnan , or perhaps thanks to the influence of Henri’s friend, Monsieur de Tréville ( Jean-Armand du Peyrer, Comte de Troisville ). [1] While in the Musketeers, d’Artagnan sought the protection of the influential Cardinal Mazarin , France’s principal minister since 1643. In 1646, the Musketeers company was dissolved, but d’Artagnan continued to serve his protector Mazarin. Career Statue of d’Artagnan in Maastricht D’Artagnan had a career in espionage for Cardinal Mazarin , in the years after the first Fronde .

Due to d’Artagnan’s faithful service during this period, Louis XIV entrusted him with many secret and delicate situations that required complete discretion. He followed Mazarin during his exile in 1651 in the face of the hostility of the aristocracy. In 1652 d’Artagnan was promoted to lieutenant in the Gardes Françaises , then to captain in 1655. In 1658, he became a second lieutenant in the newly reformed Musketeers. This was a promotion, as the Musketeers were far more prestigious than the Gardes-Françaises. D’Artagnan was famous for his connection with the arrest of Nicolas Fouquet . Fouquet was Louis XIV’s finance commissioner and aspired to take the place of Mazarin as the King’s advisor. Fouquet was also a lover of grand architecture and employed the greatest architects and artisans in the building of his Chateau Vaux-le-Vicomte . He celebrated the completion with a most extravagant feast, at which every guest was given a horse.

The king however felt upstaged by the grandeur of the home and event and, suspecting that such magnificence could only be explained through Fouquet’s pilfering the royal treasury, three weeks later had d’Artagnan arrest Fouquet. To prevent his escape by bribery, d’Artagnan was assigned to guard him for four years until Fouquet was sentenced to life imprisonment. In 1667, d’Artagnan was promoted to captain-lieutenant of the Musketeers, the effective commander as the nominal captain was the King. As befitted his rank and position, he could be identified by his striking burgundy, white and black livery—the colours of the commanding officer of the Musketeers. Another of d’Artagnan’s assignments was the governorship of Lille , which was won in battle by France in 1667. D’Artagnan was an unpopular governor and longed to return to battle. He found his chance when Louis XIV went to war with the Dutch Republic in the Franco-Dutch War .

After being recalled to service, d’Artagnan was subsequently killed in battle on 25 June 1673, when a musket ball tore into his throat at the Siege of Maastricht . The French historian Odile Bordaz believes that he was buried in Saint Peter and Paul Church in Wolder, the Netherlands . [2] Portrayals in fiction Statue of d’Artagnan on the Dumas monument in Paris. The real d’Artagnan’s life was used as the basis for Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras ‘ novel Les mémoires de M. d’Artagnan. Alexandre Dumas in turn used Sandras’ novel as the main source for his d’Artagnan Romances ( The Three Musketeers , Twenty Years After and The Vicomte de Bragelonne ), which cover d’Artagnan’s career from his humble life’s beginnings in Gascony to his death at Maastricht . Although Dumas knew that Sandras’s version was heavily fictionalised, in the preface to The Three Musketeers he affected to believe that the memoirs were real, in order to make his novel more believable.

D’Artagnan is initially portrayed by Dumas as a hotheaded youth, and tries to engage the Comte de Rochefort and the three musketeers, Athos , Porthos , and Aramis in single combat. He quickly becomes friends with the musketeers, and has a series of adventures which put him at odds with Cardinal Richelieu , then First Minister of France. In the end, Richelieu is impressed by d’Artagnan, and makes him a Lieutenant of the Musketeers. This begins his long career of military service, as detailed in the sequels to Dumas’s famous novel. Some scholars believe aspects of D’Artagnan are drawn from the life and character of Dumas’s mulatto father, the General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas , as when D’Artagnan challenges Porthos, Athos, and Aramis to duels on the same afternoon or on an incident in General Dumas’s youth when he was insulted, or on General Dumas’s youthful companionship with fellow soldiers in the Queen’s Dragoons.

[3] D’Artagnan’s role among the Musketeers is one of leadership (his skills and brains impress the musketeers greatly), but he is also regarded as a sort of protégé given his youth and inexperience. Athos sees him not only as a best friend and fellow musketeer but nearly as a son. Towards the end of the story, his death at the siege of Maastricht is given an extra tragic twist – he is mortally wounded whilst reading the notice of his promotion to the highest rank. In other works French poet Edmond Rostand wrote the play Cyrano de Bergerac in 1897. After one of the play’s famous scenes, in which Cyrano defeats Valvert in a duel while completing a poem, d’Artagnan approaches Cyrano and congratulates him on his fine swordsmanship. In Neal Stephenson ‘s Quicksilver a story of d’Artagnan’s death is related by one of the characters, Half-Cocked Jack. Musician Citizen Cope included a song titled “d’Artagnan’s Theme” on his 2004 album The Clarence Greenwood Recordings .

D’Artagnan is mentioned in Chapter 16 of Eric Flint ‘s alternate history novel 1632, and in stories by Bradley Sinor in the 163x anthologies Ring of Fire III and Grantville Gazette V. In the game Pokémon Black and White, a Pokémon is introduced named Keldeo. Keldeo belongs to a group of Swordsman Pokémon called The Swords of Justice, who are inspired by the Three Musketeers. Keldeo is inspired by d’Artagnan. In the video game Metro: Last Light , one of the characters repeatedly refers to the protagonist as D’Artagnan, comparing the duo to “two of the three musketeers” and himself to Athos. In the video game Monster Hunter Generations , one of the feline -type non-playable characters is named ‘d’Artanyan’, wearing a wide-brimmed hat and cape similar to many depictions of d’Artagnan. Film and television Actors who have played d’Artagnan on screen include: Sydney Booth in The Three Musketeers: Parts I and II (1911) Orrin Johnson in The Three Musketeers (1916)

Question: How was Charles Ogier De Batz better known in an Alexandre Dumas novel of 1844?
Answer: D'Artagnan