Fagus sylvatica Beech, European beech, Common Beech PFAF Plant Database Physical Characteristics Fagus sylvatica is a deciduous Tree growing to 30 m (98ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a medium rate. It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from Apr to May, and the seeds ripen from Sep to October. The flowers are monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and are pollinated by Wind.It is noted for attracting wildlife. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils. It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure. It can tolerate atmospheric pollution. Synonyms Edible Uses: Coffee ; Oil . Young leaves - raw[183].

A very nice mild flavour, they go well in a mixed salad. However, the leaves quickly become tough so only the youngest should be used[2, 5, 12, K]. New growth is usually produced for 2 periods of 3 weeks each year, one in spring and one in mid-summer. Seed - raw or cooked[2, 5, 7, 63, 183]. A pleasant sweet flavour, though rather small and fiddly[K]. The seed can also be dried and ground into a powder and then used with cereal flours when making bread, cakes etc[12]. The seed is rich in oil. The seed should not be eaten in large quantities because it contains a deleterious principle[65, 238]. The seed contains 17 - 20% of an edible semi-drying oil[4, 7, 8, 57]. This stores well without going rancid and is said to be equal in delicacy to olive oil[183]. It is used as a dressing for salads and also for cooking[238]. The seed residue is poisonous[9, 57].

The roasted seed is used as a coffee substitute[2, 63]. Medicinal Uses Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. Antacid ; Antipyretic ; Antiseptic ; Antitussive ; Bach ; Expectorant ; Odontalgic ; Skin . The bark is antacid, antipyretic, antiseptic, antitussive, expectorant, odontalgic[7, 9]. A tar (or creosote), obtained by dry distillation of the branches, is stimulating and antiseptic[4]. It is used internally as a stimulating expectorant and externally as an application to various skin diseases[4, 238]. The pure creosote has been used to give relief from toothache, but it should not be used without expert guidance[7]. The plant is used in Bach flower remedies - the keywords for prescribing it are 'Intolerance', 'Criticism' and 'Passing judgements'[209]. Other Uses Charcoal ; Fuel ; Hedge ; Hedge ; Oil ; Stuffing ; Teeth ; Wood .

A semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed, it is used as a fuel for lighting, as a lubricant, for polishing wood etc[12, 13, 46, 57, 63]. The seed residue is poisonous[9, 57]. The leaf buds harvested in the winter and dried on the twigs are used as toothpicks[66]. The leaves are gathered in autumn and used as a stuffing material for mattresses etc[115]. Wood - hard, heavy, strong, very durable[13, 46]. It is not suitable for outdoor use[1] and is often attacked by a small beetle[4]. It has a wide range of applications, including furniture, flooring, turnery etc[100]. It makes a very good fuel[6, 66], burning with a lot of heat[4], and yields a charcoal known as 'Carbo Ligni Pulveratus'[46]. The wood has often been used as a source of creosote, tar, methyl alcohol. acetic acid[123].

Cultivation details Landscape Uses:Firewood, Pest tolerant, Hedge, Aggressive surface roots possible, Screen, Specimen. Thrives on a light or medium soil, doing well on chalk, but ill-adapted for a heavy wet soil[1, 11]. Prefers a calcareous soil but succeeds in acid soils though it does not make such a fine tree in such a situation[186]. Succeeds in almost any soil and any pH, it is also very tolerant of a wide range of climatic conditions so long as there is sufficient rainfall[200]. Established trees are drought tolerant[186]. Very wind tolerant but dislikes salt[200]. Trees are shallow rooted and this might make them less wind resistant[186]. Trees have two growth periods a year, each of about 3 weeks in duration. The first is in spring around the end of April, the second is in summer, around the end of July. Trees are often slow growing and also can be very slow to establish after transplanting. However, in good conditions they are capable of growing up to a metre in a year.

Young trees are very shade tolerant, but are subject to frost damage to their flowers and young leaves and so are best grown in a woodland position which will protect them[200]. An important food plant for many caterpillars, it has 64 species of associated insects[24]. Trees have a heavy canopy and cast a dense shade, very few other species can grow in a dense beech wood and on suitable soils it becomes the dominant species[186]. Very intolerant of coppicing, trees producing none or only very weak growth afterwards and this is soon smothered by other plants[186]. Plants are very tolerant of light pruning however and if this is carried out in late summer the plants will retain their dead leaves over winter[29]. There are many named forms selected for their ornamental value. Those forms with purple leaves prefer a position in full sun whilst forms with yellow leaves prefer some shade[188]. This species is notably resistant to honey fungus[200]. Special Features: Not North American native, All or parts of this plant are poisonous, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms.

Propagation Seed - the seed has a short viability and is best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a cold frame. Protect the seed from mice. Germination takes place in the spring. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. The seedlings are slow growing for the first few years and are very susceptible to damage by late frosts. The seed can also be sown in an outdoor seedbed in the autumn[186]. The seedlings can be left in the open ground for three years before transplanting, but do best if put into their final positions as soon as possible and given some protection from spring frosts. Other Names Found In Weed Potential Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.

Conservation Status IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : Related Plants A Modern Herbal | Beech Fagus sylvatica Click on graphic for larger image ---History--- The common name of the Beech tree, found in varying forms throughout the Teutonic dialects, means, with difference of gender, either 'a book' or 'a beech,' the Runic tablets, or early books, having been made of this wood. Fagus is from a Greek word meaning 'to eat,' referring to the edible character of the Beechmast. The Beech is one of the largest British trees, especially on chalky and sandy soil. In England it may grow to 140 feet in height, or spread to 130 feet in diameter, with a trunk 21 feet in girth. As the wood is brittle and short-grained, it is not well suited for purposes where strength and durability are required. One of the principal objections to it is that it is liable to be perforated by a small beetle.

Its chief uses are for panels for carriages, carpenter's planes, stonemason's mallets wooden bowls, granary shovels, boot-lasts, sabots, and for chair-making, small articles in turnery, also for making charcoal for colour manufacturers, and gunpowder. On the Continent Beech is used for parquet flooring, wood pavement and bentwood furniture, and very extensively as fuel for domestic heating, as its heating power surpasses that of most other timber. Owing to the capacity of its root system for assisting in the circulation of air throughout the soil, and by the amount of potash in the leaves, Beech trees conserve the productive capacity of the soil better than any other kind of tree, and improve the growth of other trees when planted with them. Fences of young Beech trees may be employed with advantage in flower gardens, as their leaves generally remain on the branches during the winter and screen the young plants . The nuts of Beech, called 'mast,' are chiefly used in England as food for park deer.

In other countries they are valued for feeding farm animals: in France for feeding swine and fattening domestic poultry, especially turkeys, and pigs which are turned into Beech woods to utilize the fallen mast. Beech mast has even been used as human food in time of distress or famine. Horses, however, should not be fed on it. Well-ripened mast yields from 17 to 20 per cent. of a non-drying oil - similar to hazel and Cotton-seed oils - and is used in European countries for cooking, as well as for burning, and in Silesia as a substitute for butter. The cake left when the oil has been pressed out may be used as a cattle food. During the War an attempt was made in Germany to use Beech leaves as a substitute for tobacco, and a mixture was served to the army, but proved a failure. [ Top ] ---Constituents--- The wood ash of the Beech affords a large proportion of potash. The oil of the nuts occupies a position in the fixed oils between the vegetable non-drying and the true drying oils.

Like the Cotton-seed oils, it forms more or less elaidin on treatment with nitrous acid or mercuric nitrate, but does not become wholly solidified. Beech tar is completely soluble in 95 per cent. acetic acid. Turpentine oil, chloroform and absolute ether do not entirely dissolve it. The petroleum ether is not coloured by copper acetate solution. Choline is present in the seeds. ---Medicinal Uses--- The tar is stimulating and antiseptic, used internally as a stimulating expectorant in chronic bronchitis, or externally as an application in various skin diseases. The oil is used in the same ways as the other fixed oils of its class. ---Other Species--- BEECH DROPS (OROBANCHE VIRGINIANA,EPIFAGUS VIRGINIANA, BROOM RAPE, CANCER ROOT), a parasite on Beech tree roots, has a bitter, nauseous, astringent taste, diminished by drying. It is given internally in bowel affections, and is reputed to cure cancer, though this is doubtful As a local application to wounds or ulcers it will arrest gangrene.

It appears to act upon the capillary system like the tincture of muriate of iron. ALBANY BEECH DROPS (Pterospora Andromeda) is a rare plant of North America valuable as a sedative diaphoretic in typhus, pleurisy and erysipelas COPPER-BEECH (F. sylvatica var. purpurea). The leaves of this species may be used like those of the Red-leaved Hazel for the extraction of anthocyan pigment. European beech | The Morton Arboretum Generally low maintenance, but cankers can be a problem. Native geographic location and habitat Native to Europe. European beech (Fagus sylvatica)photo: John Hagstrom Bark color and texture Bark is smooth gray with an elephant-hide appearance. Leaf or needle arrangement, size, shape, and texture Simple, alternate leaves with shallow teeth; attractive dark green; 2 to 4 inches long. Fall color is russet or bronze. Flower arrangement, shape, and size Inconspicuous; separate male and female flowers on the same tree.

Fruit, cone, nut, and seed descriptions Edible beechnuts, triangular shape; usually two nuts in a prickly husk. Cultivars and their differences Fern-leaved European Beech (Fagus sylvatica ‘Asplenifolia’): Graceful, lustrous green cut leaves turn golden brown in fall. River’s Copper Beech (Fagus sylvatica ‘Riversii’) : A purple-leaved selection featuring large glossy leaves; foliage emerges deep purple in spring, fades to purple-green in summer and finally turns copper in autumn. Tricolored European Beech (Fagus sylvatica ‘Purpurea Tricolor’) : This cultivar has purple leaves with an irregular rose and pinkish white border; smaller than the species (30 feet tall). Light shade during the heat of the day is needed to keep the light colored leaf edges from burning. Weeping European Beech (Fagus sylvatica ‘Pendula’): A weeping form with variable shape.

Fagus sylvatica - Plant Finder Plant Finder Tried and Trouble-free Recommended by 3 Professionals Common Name: common beech Native Range: Central Europe to Caucasus Zone: 4 to 7 Height: 50.00 to 60.00 feet Spread: 35.00 to 50.00 feet Bloom Time: April to May Bloom Description: Yellowish-green Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium Garden locations Culture Best grown in deep, rich, moist but well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Intolerant of wet, poorly drained soils. Difficult to transplant and does not always grow well in urban settings. Reportedly tolerates a wider range of soils than American beech. Noteworthy Characteristics Fagus sylvatica, commonly called European beech, is a large deciduous tree typically growing to 50-60’ (less frequently to 100’) tall with a dense, upright-oval to rounded-spreading crown. It is native to woodlands in central and southern Europe. European colonists brought this tree to America in the mid-1700s and it has been a popular ornamental shade tree since that time.

European beech is primarily distinguished from the similar American beech (see Fagus grandifolia) by (a) smaller size, (b) darker gray bark, and (c) shorter leaves that have wavy mostly untoothed margins. It is a low-branched tree, with its trunk ranging from 2-3’ (less frequently 4’) in diameter. Trunks have distinctive bark that is thin, smooth and gray. Ovate to elliptic, lustrous dark green leaves (to 4” long) have wavy mostly toothless margins and prominent parallel veins. Foliage turns golden bronze in fall. Monoecious yellowish green flowers bloom in April-May, the male flowers in drooping, long-stemmed, globular clusters and the female flowers in short spikes. Female flowers give way to triangular nuts enclosed by spiny bracts. Beechnuts ripen in fall and are edible. Many cultivars are available in commerce in a variety of different forms, leaf shapes and leaf colors. Genus name comes from the Latin name. Specific epithet means growing in woods or forest-loving. Problems No serious insect or disease problems. Beech scale is an occasional problem.

Watch for aphids, Japanese beetles and caterpillars. Distressed trees may be attacked by borers. Beech bark disease, canker and powdery mildew may occur. Garden Uses Table 3.--Index of common names of tree species Table 3.--Index of common names of tree species Common name Scientific name abelia, glossy Abelia chinensis var. grandiflora acacia Acacia spp.

acacia, Bailey Acacia baileyana acacia, catclaw Acacia greggii acacia, koa Acacia koa acacia, sweet Acacia farnesiana acacia, twisted Acacia tortuosa acacia, Wright Acacia wrightii ailanthus Ailanthus altissima alder, Arizona Alnus oblongifolia alder, hazel Alnus serrulata alder, mountain Alnus tenuifolia alder, seaside Alnus maritima alder, Sitka Alnus sinuata alder, smooth Alnus serrulata alder, speckled Alnus rugosa alder, thinleaf Alnus tenuifolia alder, white Alnus rhombifolia allspice, Carolina Calycanthus floridus allspice, hairy Calycanthus floridus almond, dwarf flowering Prunus glandulosa apple, common Pyrus malus apple, crab Pyrus spp.

apple, Oregon crab Pyrus fusca apple, prairie crab Pyrus ioensis apple, southern crab Pyrus angustifolia apple, sweet crab Pyrus coronaria apricot, desert Prunus fremontii apricot Prunus armeniaca aralia, Japanese Fatsia japonica arbor vitae, Chinese Thuja orientalis arbor vitae, oriental Thuja orientalis ardisia Ardisia japonica arrowwood, downy Viburnum pubescens arrowwood, maple leaved Viburnum acerifolium ash Fraxinus spp.

ash, black Fraxinus nigra ash, blue Fraxinus quadrangulata ash, Carolina Fraxinus caroliniana ash, European Fraxinus excelsior ash, fragrant Fraxinus cuspidata ash, green Fraxinus pennsylvanica ash, Gregg Fraxinus greggii ash, Oregon Fraxinus latifolia ash, pumpkin Fraxinus profunda ash, singleleaf Fraxinus anomala ash, Texas Fraxinus texensis ash, velvet Fraxinus velutina ash, white Fraxinus americana aspen, bigtooth Populus grandidentata aspen, quaking Populus tremuloides avocado Persea americana Bahama strongback Bourreria ovata baldcypress Taxodium distichum basswood, American Tilia americana basswood, Carolina Tilia caroliniana basswood, Florida Tilia floridana basswood, white Tilia heterophylla bayberry Myrica cerifera bayberry, Pacific Myrica californica bayberry, southern Myrica cerifera beech, American Fagus grandifolia beech, European Fagus sylvatica birch, black Betula lenta birch, bog Betula p

umila birch, cut leaf weeping Betula pendula birch, cut leaved Betula alba birch, European white Betula verrucosa birch, gray Betula populifolia birch, paper Betula papyrifera birch, red Betula nigra birch, river Betula nigra birch, sweet Betula lenta birch, water Betula occidentalis birch, yellow Betula alleghaniensis bitterbush Picramnia pentandra black calabash Amphitecna latifolia black haw Viburnum prunifolium black mangrove Avicennia germinans blue Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata blueblossom Ceanothus thyrsiflorus boxelder Acer negundo buckeye, California Aesculus californica buckeye, Ohio Aesculus glabra buckeye, painted Aesculus sylvatica buckeye, red Aesculus pavia buckeye, yellow Aesculus octandra buckthorn, California Rhamnus californica buckthorn, Carolina Rhamnus caroliniana buckthorn, cascara Rhamnus purshiana buckthorn, European Rhamnus cathart

ica buckthorn, glossy Rhamnus frangula buckwheat tree Cliftonia monophylla burningbush, eastern Euonymus atropurpureus burningbush, western Euonymus occidentalis butternut Juglans cinerea buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis cajeput tree Melaleuca quinquenervia camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora canella Canella winterana canotia Canotia holacantha catalpa Catalpa spp.

catalpa, hardy Catalpa speciosa catalpa, northern Catalpa speciosa catalpa, southern Catalpa bignonioides catclaw, Gregg Acacia greggii catclaw, Wright Acacia wrightii ceanothus Ceanothus maritimus ceanothus Ceanothus spp. ceanothus, feltleaf Ceanothus arboreus ceanothus, greenbark Ceanothus spinosus ceanothus, spiny Ceanothus spinosus Cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani cedar, Alaska Chamaecyparis nootkatensis cedar, Atlantic white Chamaecyparis thyoides cedar, Atlas Cedrus atlantica cedar, deodar Cedrus deodara cedar, Port Orford Chamaecyparis lawsoniana cercocarpus, alderleaf Cercocarpus montanus cercocarpus, birchleaf Cercocarpus betuloides cercocarpus, curlleaf Cercocarpus ledifolius cercocarpus, hairy Cercocarpus breviflorus cercocarpus, little Cercocarpus intricatus leaf cherry Prunus spp.

cherry laurel, common Prunus laurocerasus cherry, bitter Prunus emarginata cherry, black Prunus serotina cherry, Catalina Prunus lyonii cherry, European bird Prunus padus cherry, pin Prunus pensylvanica cherry, sand Prunus pumila cherry, sweet Prunus avium cherry, West Indies Prunus myrtifolia chestnut, American Castanea dentata China berry Melia azedarach chinkapin, Allegheny Castanea pumila chinkapin, giant Castanopsis chrysophylla chinkapin, Ozark Castanea ozarkensis chittamwood Bumelia lanuginosa chokecherry Prunus virginiana Christmasberry Heteromeles arbutifolia cliffrose Cowania mexicana coast beefwood Casuarina stricta coconut palm Cocos nucifera cocoplum Chrysobalanus icaco coffeetree, Kentucky Gymnocladus dioicus coralbean, eastern Erythrina herbacea coralbean, southeastern Erythrina herbacea corkwood Leitneria floridana cottonwood, black Populus trichocarpa

 cottonwood, eastern Populus deltoides cottonwood, Fremont Populus fremontii cottonwood, narrowleaf Populus angustifolia cottonwood, plains Populus sargentii cottonwood, swamp Populus heterophylla crabapple Pyrus spp.

cranberry bush Viburnum opulus cucumbertree Magnolia acuminata cypress pine, white Callitris glaucophylla cypress, Arizona Cupressus arizonica cypress, Baker Cupressus bakeri cypress, Gowen Cupressus goveniana cypress, Guadalupe Cupressus guadalupensis cypress, Leyland Cupressocyparis leylandii cypress, MacNab Cupressus macnabiana cypress, Monterey Cupressus macrocarpa cypress, Sargent Cupressus sargentii cypress, Tecate Cupressus guadalupensis cyrilla, swamp Cyrilla racemiflora dahoon Ilex cassine deer brush Ceanothus integerrimus desertwillow Chilopsis linearis devils walkingstick Aralia spinosa devilwood Osmanthus americanus dogwood Cornus spp.

dogwood, alternate leaf Cornus alternifolia dogwood, flowering Cornus florida dogwood, gray Cornus racemosa dogwood, Pacific Cornus nuttallii dogwood, red osier Cornus stolonifera dogwood, roughleaf Cornus drummondii dogwood, roundleaf Cornus rugosa doveplum Coccoloba diversifolia elder, American Sambucus canadensis elder, Pacific red Sambucus callicarpa elliottia Elliottia racemosa elm Ulmus spp. elm, American Ulmus americana elm, cedar Ulmus crassifolia elm, Chinese Ulmus parvifolia elm, European Ulmus procera elm, rock Ulmus thomasii elm, September Ulmus serotina elm, Siberian Ulmus pumila elm, slippery Ulmus rubra elm, water Planera aquatica elm, winged Ulmus alata elm, Wych Ulmus glabra eucalyptus Eucalyptus spp.

eucalyptus, bluegum Eucalyptus globulus eucalyptus, horncap Eucalyptus tereticornis eucalyptus, silver Eucalyptus cinerea dollar euonymus, evergreen Euonymus japonicus falsebox Gyminda latifolia falsebox, West Indies Gyminda latifolia fig, benjamin Ficus benjamina fig, common Ficus carica fig, fiddle leaf Ficus lyrata fig, Florida strangler Ficus aurea filbert, European Corylus avellana fir, balsam Abies balsamea fir, bigcone Douglas Pseudotsuga macrocarpa fir, blue Chinese Cunninghamia lanceolata fir, bristlecone Abies bracteata fir, California red Abies magnifica fir, California white Abies lowiana fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii fir, Fraser Abies fraseri fir, grand Abies grandis fir, Manchurian Abies holophylla fir, noble Abies procera fir, Pacific silver Abies amabilis fir, Rocky Mountain Abies bifolia alpine fir, Sierra white Abies lowiana fir, subalpine

 Abies lasiocarpa fir, white Abies concolor fire thorn Pyracantha coccinea fishpoison tree, Piscidia piscipula Florida Florida fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum Florida silverpalm Coccothrinax argentata fringe tree Chionanthus virginicus gallberry, large Ilex coriacea geiger tree Cordia sebestena ginko Ginkgo biloba Grevillea Grevillea 'noellii' guava, common Psidium guajava Guiana plum Drypetes lateriflora guiana rapanea Rapanea guianensis gum bumelia Bumelia lanuginosa gum, black Nyssa sylvatica gum, cider Eucalyptus gunnii gum, desert Eucalyptus rudis gum, red Eucalyptus camaldulensis gum, silver dollar Eucalyptus polyanthemos gumbo limbo Bursera simaruba hackberry, dwarf Celtis tenuifolia hackberry, Georgia Celtis tenuifolia hackberry, northern Celtis occidentalis Hakea Hakea spp.

hawthorn Crataegus spp.

hawthorn, barberry Crataegus berberifolia hawthorn, barberryleaf Crataegus berberifolia hawthorn, Biltmore Crataegus intricata hawthorn, black Crataegus douglasii hawthorn, blueberry Crataegus brachyacantha hawthorn, cockspur Crataegus crus-galli hawthorn, downy Crataegus mollis hawthorn, English Crataegus oxyacantha hawthorn, frosted Crataegus pruinosa hawthorn, littlehip Crataegus spathulata hawthorn, oneseed Crataegus monogyna hawthorn, parsley Crataegus marshallii hawthorn, riverflat Crataegus opaca hawthorn, scarlet Crataegus coccinea hawthorn, willow Crataegus saligna hazelnut, American Corylus americana hazelnut, beaked Corylus cornuta hemlock, Carolina Tsuga caroliniana hemlock, eastern Tsuga canadensis hemlock, mountain

 Tsuga mertensiana hemlock, western Tsuga heterophylla Hercules club Zanthoxylum clava-herculis hibiscus, Chinese Hibiscus rosa-sinensis hibiscus, sea Hibiscus tiliaceus hickory Carya spp.

hickory, bitternut Carya cordiformis hickory, black Carya texana hickory, mockernut Carya tomentosa hickory, nutmeg Carya myristiciformis hickory, pignut Carya glabra hickory, red Carya ovalis hickory, sand Carya pallida hickory, scrub Carya floridana hickory, shagbark Carya ovata hickory, shellbark Carya laciniosa hickory, water Carya aquatica holly, American Ilex opaca holly, English Ilex aquifolium holly, tawnyberry Ilex krugiana honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos hophornbeam, eastern Ostrya virginiana hophornbeam, Knowlton Ostrya knowltonii hoptree, common Ptelea trifoliata hornbeam, American Carpinus caroliniana horsechestnut Aesculus hippocastanum horsetail casuarina Casuarina equisetifolia horsetail tree Casuarina equisetifolia huisache Acacia farnesiana huisachillo Acacia tortuosa

 incense cedar Calocedrus decurrens inkberry Ilex glabra inkwood Exothea paniculata ironbark, red Eucalyptus sideroxylon ironbark, white Eucalyptus leucoxylon Jamaica caper Capparis cynophallophora jasmine, winter Jasminum nudiflorum Jerusalem thorn Parkinsonia aculeata juniper, alligator Juniperus deppeana juniper, Ashe Juniperus ashei juniper, California Juniperus californica juniper, common Juniperus communis juniper, drooping Juniperus flaccida juniper, one seed Juniperus monosperma juniper, Pinchot Juniperus pinchotii juniper, redberry Juniperus pinchotii juniper, redberry Juniperus erythrocarpa juniper, Rocky Mountain Juniperus scopulorum juniper, Utah Juniperus osteosperma juniper, western Juniperus occidentalis larch, European Larix decidua larch, subalpine Larix lyallii larch, western Larix occidentalis laurel, California Umbellularia californica laurelcherry, Carolina

 Prunus caroliniana leadwood Krugiodendron ferreum lemon Citrus limon lemonade berry Rhus integrifolia lime Citrus aurantifolia linden, European Tilia europaea linden, little leaf Tilia cordata loblolly bay Gordonia lasianthus locust Robinia spp.

locust, black Robinia pseudoacacia locust, clammy Robinia viscosa locust, honey Gleditsia triacanthos locust, New Mexico Robinia neomexicana locust, water Gleditsia aquatica loquat tree Eriobotrya japonica Lyontree Lyonothamnus floribundus lysiloma, Bahama Lysiloma latisiliquum madrone, Arizona Arbutus arizonica madrone, Pacific Arbutus menziesii madrone, Texas Arbutus texana magnolia, Ashe Magnolia ashei magnolia, bigleaf Magnolia macrophylla magnolia, cucumber Magnolia acuminata magnolia, Fraser Magnolia fraseri magnolia, pyramid Magnolia pyramidata magnolia, southern Magnolia grandiflora magnolia, umbrella Magnolia tripetala mahogany, West Indies Swietenia mahogani manchineel Hippomane mancinella mangrove, button Conocarpus erectus mangrove, red Rhizophora mangle mangrove, white Laguncularia racemosa maple, Amur Acer ginnala maple, bigleaf Acer macrophyllum maple, bigtooth Acer grandidentatum

 maple, black Acer nigrum maple, boxelder Acer negundo maple, canyon Acer grandidentatum maple, chalk Acer leucoderme maple, Florida Acer barbatum maple, fullmoon Acer japonicum maple, hedge Acer campestre maple, Japanese Acer palmatum maple, mountain Acer spicatum maple, Norway Acer platanoides maple, red Acer rubrum maple, Rocky Mountain Acer glabrum maple, silver Acer saccharinum maple, striped Acer pensylvanicum maple, sugar Acer saccharum maple, sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus maple, Tatar Acer tataricum maple, vine Acer circinatum marlberry Ardisia escallonioides mastic, false Mastichodendron foetidissimum mazzard Prunus avium medlar, Chinese Photinia serrulata medlar, European Mespilus germanica melaleuca, lilac Melaleuca decussata mescalbean Sophora secundiflora mesquite, honey Prosopis glandulosa mesquite, screwbean Prosopis pubescens Mexican alvaradoa Alvaradoa amorphoides mountain ash, American Sorbus americana mountain ash, European

 Sorbus aucuparia mulberry, black Morus nigra mulberry, paper Broussonetia papyrifera mulberry, red Morus rubra mulberry, Russian Morus alba var.

tatarica mulberry, Texas Morus microphylla mulberry, white Morus alba myrtle of the river Calyptranthes zuzygium nannyberry Viburnum lentago nectarine Prunus persica oak Quercus spp.

oak, Arizona gray Quercus grisea oak, Arizona white Quercus arizonica oak, bear Quercus ilicifolia oak, black Quercus velutina oak, blackjack Quercus marilandica oak, blue Quercus douglasii oak, bluejack Quercus cinerea oak, bluejack Quercus incana oak, bluff Quercus austrina oak, bur Quercus macrocarpa oak, California black Quercus kelloggii oak, California red Quercus kelloggii oak, California white Quercus lobata oak, canyon live Quercus chrysolepis oak, Chapman Quercus chapmanii oak, cherrybark Quercus pagoda oak, chestnut Quercus prinus oak, chinkapin Quercus muehlenbergii oak, coast live Quercus agrifolia oak, cork Quercus suber oak, Darlington Quercus hemisphaerica oak, Durand Quercus durandii oak, Emory Quercus emoryi oak, Engelmann Quercus engelmannii oak, Gambel Quercus gambelii oak, gray Quercus grisea oak

, interior live Quercus wislizenii oak, laurel Quercus laurifolia oak, live Quercus virginiana oak, Mexican blue Quercus oblongifolia oak, myrtle Quercus myrtifolia oak, northern pin Quercus ellipsoidalis oak, northern red Quercus rubra oak, Nuttall Quercus nuttallii oak, Oglethorpe Quercus oglethorpensis oak, Oregon white Quercus garryana oak, overcup Quercus lyrata oak, pin Quercus palustris oak, post Quercus stellata oak, sand post Quercus margaretta oak, scarlet Quercus coccinea oak, shingle Quercus imbricaria oak, Shumard Quercus shumardii oak, silverleaf Quercus hypoleucoides oak, southern red Quercus falcata oak, swamp chestnut Quercus michauxii oak, swamp white Quercus bicolor oak, turkey (scrub) Quercus laevis oak, valley Quercus lobata oak, water Quercus nigra oak, white Quercus alba

 oak, willow Quercus phellos olive Olea europaea olive, Russian Elaeagnus angustifolia orange Citrus sinensis orange, Osage Maclura pomifera oysterwood Gymnanthes lucida pagoda tree, Japanese Sophora japonica pale lidflower Calyptranthes pallens palm, buccaneer Pseudophoenix sargentii palm, California Washingtonia filifera palm, coconut Cocos nucifera palm, Manila Adonidia merrillii palm, paurotis Acoelorrhaphe wrightii palm, queen Arecastrum romanzoffianum palm, wine Caryota urens palmetto, cabbage Sabal palmetto paloverde, blue Cercidium floridum paloverde, yellow Cercidium microphyllum papaya Carica papaya paradise tree Simarouba glauca parasoltree, Chinese Firmiana simplex paulownia, royal Paulownia tomentosa pawpaw Asimina triloba peach Prunus persica pear Pyrus communis pecan Carya illinoensis pepperbush Clethra spp.

pepperbush, sweet Clethra alnifolia peppermint, white Eucalyptus pulchella peppertree, California Schinus molle persimmon, common Diospyros virginiana persimmon, Texas Diospyros texana photinia Photinia spp.

photinia, Japanese Photinia glabra pigeonplum Coccoloba diversifolia pinckneya Pinckneya pubens pine, Aleppo Pinus halepensis pine, Apache Pinus engelmannii pine, Austrian Pinus nigra pine, bishop Pinus muricata pine, bristlecone Pinus aristata pine, Coulter Pinus coulteri pine, Digger Pinus sabiniana pine, eastern white Pinus strobus pine, foxtail Pinus balfouriana pine, intermountain Pinus longaeva bristlecone pine, Italian stone Pinus pinea pine, jack Pinus banksiana pine, Japanese black Pinus thunbergiana pine, Jeffrey Pinus jeffreyi pine, knobcone Pinus attenuata pine, limber Pinus flexilis pine, loblolly Pinus taeda pine, lodgepole Pinus contorta pine, longleaf Pinus palustris pine, Monterey Pinus radiata pine, pitch Pinus rigida pine, pond Pinus serotina pine, ponderosa Pinus ponderosa pine, red Pinus resinosa pine, sand Pinus clausa pine, Scotch Pinus sylvestris pine, Scots Pinus

 sylvestris pine, shortleaf Pinus echinata pine, slash Pinus elliottii pine, southwestern Pinus strobiformis white pine, spruce Pinus glabra pine, sugar Pinus lambertiana pine, Swiss mountain Pinus mugo pine, table mountain Pinus pungens pine, Torrey Pinus torreyana pine, Virginia Pinus virginiana pine, Washoe Pinus washoensis pine, western white Pinus monticola pine, whitebark Pinus albicaulis pinyon Pinus edulis pinyon, border Pinus discolor pinyon, Mexican Pinus cembroides pinyon, Parry Pinus quadrifolia pinyon, singleleaf Pinus monophylla pistache, Texas Pistacia texana pistachio Pistacia vera planetree, Oriental Platanus orientalis plum, Allegheny Prunus alleghaniensis plum, American Prunus americana plum, beach Prunus maritima plum, Canada Prunus nigra plum, Chickasaw Prunus angustifolia plum, common Prunus domestica plum, darling Reynosia septentrionalis plum, flatwoods Prunus

 umbellata plum, Guiana Drypetes lateriflora plum, hortulan Prunus hortulana plum, Japanese Prunus japonica plum, Klamath Prunus subcordata plum, Mexican Prunus mexicana plum, purple leaved Prunus cerasifera var.

pissardi plum, wildgoose Prunus munsoniana poisontree, Florida Metopium toxiferum pomegranate Punica granatum pond apple Annona glabra poplar Populus spp. poplar, balsam Populus balsamifera poplar, Lombardy Populus nigra var.

italica poplar, tulip Liriodendron tulipifera poplar, white Populus alba poplar, yellow Liriodendron tulipifera possum haw Ilex decidua prickly ash, common Zanthoxylum americanum prickly ash, lime Zanthoxylum fagara princewood Exostema caribaeum princewood, Caribbean Exostema caribaeum privet, swamp Forestiera acuminata quince Cydonia oblonga quince, Japanese Chaenomeles lagenaria rapanea, guiana Rapanea guianensis redbay Persea borbonia redbud, California Cercis occidentalis redbud, eastern Cercis canadensis redbud, western Cercis occidentalis redcedar, eastern Juniperus virginiana redcedar, western Thuja plicata redwood, coast Sequoia sempervirens redwood, dawn Metasequoia glyptostroboides rose Rosa spp.

rose, climbing prairie Rosa setigera rose, Macartney Rosa bracteata rose, sweetbriar Rosa eglanteria roseberry Juniperus coahuilensis roughbark lignumvitae Guaiacum sanctum royalpalm, Florida Roystonea elata rubber tree, India Ficus elastica Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia rustica rubra Magnolia soulangeana saguaro Cereus giganteus sassafras Sassafras albidum satinleaf Chrysophyllum oliviforme satinwood, West Indies Zanthoxylum flavum seagrape Coccoloba uvifera sequoia, giant Sequoiadendron giganteum serviceberry Amelanchier spp.

serviceberry, downy Amelanchier arborea serviceberry, eastern Amelanchier canadensis serviceberry, smooth Amelanchier laevis serviceberry, western Amelanchier alnifolia Siberian pea tree Caragana arborescens silk oak Grevillea robusta silk tassel Garrya fremontii silk tree Albizia julibrissin silver bell Halesia carolina silverbell, Carolina Halesia carolina sloe Prunus spinosa smokethorn Dalea spinosa smoke tree Cotinus coggygria smoketree, American Cotinus obovatus snowberry Symphoricarpos albus soapberry, Florida Sapindus marginatus soapberry, western Sapindus drummondii soapberry, wingleaf Sapindus saponaria soldierwood Colubrina elliptica sophora, Texas Sophora affinis sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum spicebush Lindera benzoin spindle tree, European Euonymus europaeus spirea Spirea bumalda spruce Picea spp.

spruce, black Picea mariana spruce, blue Picea pungens spruce, Brewer Picea brewerana spruce, dwarf Alberta Picea glauca var.

albertiana spruce, Engelmann Picea engelmannii spruce, Norway Picea abies spruce, red Picea rubens spruce, Sitka Picea sitchensis spruce, tigertail Picea polita spruce, white Picea glauca Stewartia Stewartia koreana Stewartia, mountain Stewartia ovata strawberry tree Arbutus unedo sugarberry Celtis laevigata sumac, lemonade Rhus integrifolia sumac, poison Toxicodendron vernix sumac, shining Rhus copallina sumac, smooth Rhus glabra sumac, staghorn Rhus typhina sweetbay Magnolia virginiana sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua sweetleaf, common Symplocos tinctoria sycamore Platanus occidentalis sycamore, American Platanus occidentalis sycamore, Arizona Platanus wrightii sycamore, California Platanus racemosa Sydney golden wattle Acacia longifolia tallowtree, Chinese Sapium sebiferum tallowwood Ximenia americana tamarack Larix laricina tamer

isk, smallflower Tamarix parviflora tanoak Lithocarpus densiflorus tesota Olneya tesota thatchpalm, brittle Thrinax microcarpa thatchpalm, Jamaica Thrinax parviflora torchwood Amyris elemifera torreya, California Torreya californica torreya, Florida Torreya taxifolia toyon Heteromeles arbutifolia tree lyonia Lyonia ferruginea tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima trema, Florida Trema micrantha tulip poplar Liriodendron tulipifera tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera tung oil tree Aleurites fordii tupelo, black Nyssa sylvatica tupelo, Ogeechee Nyssa ogeche tupelo, swamp Nyssa biflora tupelo, water Nyssa aquatica vauquelinia, Torrey Vauquelinia californica velvetseed, elliptic Guettarda elliptica leaf velvetseed, roughleaf Guettarda scabra viburnum Viburnum tomentosum viburnum, leatherleaf Viburnum rhytidophyllum vib

urnum, oval leafed Viburnum ellipticum wahoo, eastern Euonymus atropurpureus wahoo, western Euonymus occidentalis walnut, Arizona Juglans major walnut, black Juglans nigra walnut, Hinds Juglans hindsii walnut, little Juglans microcarpa walnut, northern Juglans hindsii California walnut, southern Juglans californica California waterlocust Gleditsia aquatica waxmyrtle, Pacific Myrica californica wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana white cedar, northern Thuja occidentalis wild dilly Manilkara bahamensis willow Salix spp.

willow bustic Dipholis salicifolia willow, arroyo Salix lasiolepis willow, basket Salix viminalis willow, Bebb Salix bebbiana willow, black Salix nigra willow, Bonpland Salix bonplandiana willow, coastal plain Salix caroliniana willow, crack Salix fragilis willow, diamond Salix eriocephala willow, feltleaf Salix alaxensis willow, golden weeping Salix alba var.

tristis willow, heart leaved Salix cordata willow, Hooker Salix hookerana willow, laurel leaved Salix pentandra willow, Mackenzie Salix mackenzieana willow, Pacific Salix lasiandra willow, peachleaf Salix amygdaloides willow, pussy Salix discolor willow, red Salix laevigata willow, sandbar Salix exigua willow, Scouler Salix scoulerana willow, shining Salix lucida willow, weeping Salix babylonica willow, white Salix alba willow, yewleaf Salix taxifolia winterberry, common Ilex verticillata winterberry, mountain Ilex montana witchhazel Hamamelis virginiana yaupon Ilex vomitoria yellow poplar Liriodendron tulipifera yellowwood Cladrastis lutea yew, Florida Taxus floridana yew, Pacific Taxus brevifolia European Beech | Fagus sylvatica beech (Fagus sylvatica) leaf underside beech (Fagus sylvatica) budding beech (Fagus sylvatica) flower m

 f beech (Fagus sylvatica) flowers beech (Fagus sylvatica) fruit capsule beech (Fagus sylvatica) fruit in open capsule beech (Fagus sylvatica) fruit beech (Fagus sylvatica) terminal bud beech (Fagus sylvatica) axial bud beech (Fagus sylvatica) trunk

Question: Fagus sylvatica is the botanical name for which common forest tree?
Answer: Beech