Queen Liliʻuokalani, first and last queen regnant of Hawaii - Amazing Women In History Amazing Women In History Queen Liliʻuokalani, first and last queen regnant of Hawaii September 27, 2012 18 351 Liliʻ (1838–1917), born Lydia Liliʻ Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaʻ, was the first female monarch of Hawaii to reign in her own right. Up until the 1890s, the Kingdom of Hawaiʻ was an independent sovereign state, officially recognized by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, and Germany. During Liliʻ’s reign, the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii took place in 1893, when she abdicated “to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life”. Queen Liliʻ is remembered for her many musical compositions, including the famous song “Aloha ʻ” (“Farewell the Thee”). Many of these were written during her imprisonment after she abdicated her throne, and they express a deep love of her land and people.

Lydia Lili’u Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaeha Lydia Liliʻ Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaʻ was born, one of 15 children, on September 2, 1838 to High Chiefess Analea Keohokālole and High Chief Caesar Kaluaiku Kapaʻ. Her mother was one of the fifteen counsellors of the king Kamehameha III. Following Hawai’ian naming practices, Liliʻuokalani’s given name at birth was Lydia Liliʻu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaʻeha. Traditionally, Hawaiʻian parents created new names for their children, giving careful thought to their meaning. Sometimes these names were revealed in dreams or visions. Incidents before or during a child’s birth were considered significant in their naming, as in Liliʻu’s case.

Liliʻu’s great-aunt developed an eye infection at the time of her birth, which is why she was given the names “Liliʻu” meaning “smarting”; “Loloku” meaning tearful; “Walania”, “a burning pain”; and “Kamakaʻeha”, “sore eyes”. Though it may seem strange to us, in Hawaiʻian culture these names were not considered bad, ugly, or unlucky; they commemorated the time of her birth. Liliʻ‘s brother Kalākaua was elected to the throne in 1874, after the previous monarch Lunalilo died without an heir. Kalākaua immediately named his brother Leleiohoku as his heir, putting an end to the era of elected kings in Hawaiʻ. However, Leleiohoku died childless in 1877, so King Kalākaua named their sister Liliʻ as his heir. Kalākaua gave his sister the name “Liliʻ”, meaning “the smarting of the royal ones”.

In 1887, Liliʻ learned that her brother had been forced to sign the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii. This consitution immediately became known as the “Bayonet Constitution” because of the use of intimidation by armed militia which forced King Kalākaua to sign it or be deposed. The consitution was written by Hawaiian, American, and European anti-monarchists to strip the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its power, instead empowering the kingdom’s legislature and cabinet. Many of those who wrote or backed the constitution saw it as a first step toward the overthrow of the kingdom and the annexation of Hawaii into the United States. This constitution was never in any way ratified, either by the people, or by their representatives, even after violence had procured the king’s signature to it. Queen Liliʻ Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii King Kalākaua died after a long illness on January 20, 1891; his final words were, “Tell my people I tried.” Liliuokalani inherited the throne shortly after.

Believing she had the support of her hand-picked cabinet, Queen Liliʻ began working to annul the constitution forced onto her people. She started writing a new constitition that would restore the veto power to the monarchy, and voting rights to economically disenfranchised native Hawaiians and Asians. When they heard of Queen Liliʻ’s new constitution, American and European businessmen and residents started organizing to depose her. They wanted Hawaii annexed to the United States so that their businesses could have the same sugar bounties as domestic producers. In 1893, they formed a “Committee of Safety” to accomplish their goals of overthrowing the Hawaiian Kingdom and deposing the Queen, and the annexation of Hawaiʻ to the United States. On January 16th in 1893, sailors and marines aboard the USS Boston in Honolulu Harbor came ashore under orders of neutrality. The presence of these troops, ostensibly to enforce neutrality and prevent violence, were effectively a threat to Queen Liliʻ and made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself. Liliʻ believed in peaceful resistance. She did not want the blood of Hawaiian people to be shed.

Hoping that the US would eventually restore Hawaii’s sovereignty to the rightful holder, the Queen temporarily relinquished her throne to the superior military forces of the United States: I, Lili’uokalani, by the Grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom. That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose Minister Plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government. Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said forces, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.

Queen Liliʻ, Jan 17, 1893 However, Queen Liliʻ’s wish for Hawaii to regain its independence was not to be fulfilled. The Provisional Government, composed of European and American businessmen, refused to reinstate her sovereignty, despite a report commissioned by US President Grover Cleveland’s administration finding her overthrow illegal. The annexation of Hawaii was delayed by two petitions with over 38,000 signatures representing ninety-five percent of the Native Hawaiian population, and the Queen went to Washington D.C. herself to petition for her cause. Despite all of this, the Republic of Hawaiʻ was proclaimed on July 4th 1894, with Sanford B. Dole, one of the first people who originally called on the institution of the monarchy to be abolished, proclaimed as President. The Republic of Hawaiʻ was recognized by the United States government as a protectorate (similar to Puerto Rico’s status in modern times). Voting rights were limited to only 4,000, most of them politicians already in power.

Liliʻ herself was arrested on 16 January 1895, accused of being involved in a failed 1895 counter-revolution, though she denied any knowledge or involvement at her trial. She was put under house imprisonment for a year, until in 1896 when the Republic of Hawaiʻ gave her a full pardon and restored her civil rights. Legacy Liliʻ was an incredibly accomplished and prolific musician. She played the guitar, piano, organ, ʻ and zither, and sang alto. She could read and write music, and loved composing songs in her native Hawaiian language. The Hawaiian people have been from time immemorial lovers of poetry and music[…] To compose was as natural to me as to breathe; and this gift of nature, never having been suffered to fall into disuse, remains a source of the greatest consolation to this day. Though Liliʻ came from a family of accomplished musicians, she was the most prolific. What distinguished Liliʻ from her family was her huge number of compositions, her ability to notate her songs, and her hard work to perserve and publish them for her people. I have had more calls for my music than I could possibly supply.

An edition of “Aloha Oe,” published by me in Washington this winter, simply for gifts to my friends, is nearly exhausted. No copies have ever been offered for sale; but in response to the very general wish, I have collected a number of my songs, chants, and pieces written or translated by me during the past twenty years or more, and hope soon to put them into the hands of the publisher, so that any stranger desiring to possess samples of Hawaiian music may have that opportunity. She wrote original compositions as well as notated and translated many traditional Hawaiian songs. She hoped to preserve the musical traditions of Hawaii so that its history and culture would never be lost. These songs, in which our music circles then excelled, are to be heard amongst our people to the present day. And yet it still remains true that no other composer but myself has ever reduced them to writing. In her original music, she helped to preserve key elements of Hawaii’s traditional poetry, while mixing in Western harmonies brought by the missionaries. In her musical compositions, she expressed her feelings for her people, her country, and what was happening in the political realm in Hawaii.

Liliʻ dictated in her will that all of her possessions and properties be sold and the money raised would go to the Queen Liliʻ Children’s Trust to help poor and orphaned children. The Queen Liliʻ Trust Fund still exists today, and published a compilation of her works in 1999 titled The Queen’s Songbook. All images courtesy Wikimedia Commons. Recommended Reading Queen Liliuokalani (1838 - 1917) Hawaii's Last Monarch | Aloha Hawaii King Kamehameha II Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii’s last sovereign queen was born on September 2, 1838 in Honolulu . According to Hawaiian tradition, she was adopted at birth by Abner Paki and his wife, Konia (a granddaughter of King Kamehameha I ). Liliuokalani’s childhood years were spent studying and playing with Bernice Pauahi, the Pakis’ natural daughter. Liliuokalani received her education at the Royal School and became fluent in English.

She was also a member of Kawaiahao Church , which was built under the direction of Hiram Bingham, the leader of the first group of missionaries to Hawaii in 1820. In 1862, she married John Owen Dominis, the son of an American sea captain. Hawaii’s last sovereign queen was born on September 2, 1838 in Honolulu History In 1874, Liliuokalani’s brother, David Kalakaua , was elected as Hawaii’s new king. One of his first acts was to name William Pitt Leleiohoku as his heir; just three years later, however, the crown prince died at the age of 23. Liliuokalani was now directly in line for the throne. Kalakaua himself died in January 1891 in San Francisco. On January 29, the USS Charleston was sighted off Diamond Head, its hull draped in black and the Hawaiian flag at half-staff. Suddenly, the Hawaiians knew: Their king was dead. Government ministers insisted that Liliuokalani immediately sign an oath to uphold the constitution that had been forced upon her brother.

Under the constitution, Liliuokalani wielded little power. She formed a Cabinet three times, and each time it was rejected by the Legislature. She drafted a strongly royalist constitution, but no one supported it. Finally, on January 17, 1893, pro-American forces overthrew the government and proclaimed a provisionist government with Sanford B. Dole as president. Liliuokalani had no choice but to surrender her throne. She made a plea to the U.S. government for reinstatement, and a representative of President Grover Cleveland found the overthrow to be illegal. Dole, however, refused to accept the decision. The queen withdrew to her residence, Washington Place, and urged her supporters to be patient and avoid bloodshed. A fierce uprising was firmly squelched in January 1895, and although she denied playing a role in the attempted takeover, Liliuokalani was arrested and taken to a second-floor room at Iolani Palace . It would serve as her jail cell for nearly a year. During her confinement, the queen wrote one of Hawaii’s most beloved songs, “Aloha Oe” (“Farewell to Thee”).

Liliuokalani was pardoned in October 1896. In her remaining years, the deposed queen fought for the restoration of the Hawaiian kingdom. She died in 1917 at age 79. © 1997-2011 Aloha from Hawaii Liliuokalani | Take Back Halloween! Zoom Queen Liliuokalani (1838-1917) was the last reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She came to the throne in 1891 as a pro-native, pro-woman advocate for her people, and quickly found herself at odds with the American businessmen (sugar barons, pineapple planters) who wanted to annex the islands to the United States. Liliuokalani had the support of the native Hawaiians, but the Americans had the support of an armed U.S. warship in the harbor and a landing force of U.S. troops. In 1893 they overthrew the monarchy, deposed the queen, and established a Provisional Government with Sanford Dole (of the pineapple family) as president.

By 1898 the annexation of Hawaii to the United States was complete. Queen Liliuokalani conducted herself with great dignity throughout the whole sorry episode, which included a show trial and temporary imprisonment. She made a number of attempts to resolve the situation via diplomatic overtures to Washington, but the tide of imperialism was against her. In retirement she devoted herself to writing, scholarship, charity, and above all, music. Liliuokalani was a gifted musician and composed over 150 pieces, including the most famous Hawaiian song in the world: “Aloha Oe.” The items we suggest, from left to right: 1. Black Evanese gown in plus sizes . There’s also a Misses version here . This is a thoroughly modern gown, but the way it’s cut makes it easy to fake a late-Victorian silhouette. Just temporarily add some lace at the neckline (next). 2. Black lace scarf . Instant Victorian styling. Tuck in this scarf all around your neckline/shoulder straps and shirr it to give the effect of a lace ruffle. A few black safety pins, discreetly positioned, will keep it nicely in place. 3.

The Royal Order of Kalakaua I. That’s the blue sash and badge that the Queen is wearing in her portraits. Get a blank royal blue sash from a pageant store and a bow-shaped rhinestone brooch . Wear the sash over your right shoulder and pin the brooch where it crosses at your hip. 5. Gray cameo with rhinestone accents . Pin this over the lace at your neckline. 6. Imperial black velvet choker with blue rhinestone pendant . From the Art of Adornment, which carries all kinds of remarkable things. They have an Etsy shop too. Hawaiian heirloom bracelets: Queen Liliuokalani introduced the bracelet style that would come to be known as Hawaiian heirloom. It was initially inspired by the English mourning jewelry that was popular in the wake of Prince Albert’s death: black enamel lettering on a simple gold band. Liliuokalani fell in love with the style, and commissioned pieces as personal mementos and gifts. More than a hundred years later, the style is still a treasured tradition in Hawaii.

Queen Liliuokalani’s bracelet with the words “Hoomanao mau” (“Lasting remembrance,” or ho’omana’o mau). In the collection of Iolani Palace. If you’re fortunate enough to have a Hawaiian heirloom bracelet, by all means wear it with your Queen Liliuokalani outfit. If not, you might want to fake it with an inexpensive metal bangle. Main illustration credits: The full-length portrait of Queen Liliuokalani is by William Cogswell. We don’t know the provenance of the three-quarter portrait, but it seems to be based on a photograph made in 1887 ( Wikimedia Commons ). The detail images are of Liliulokalani’s diamond butterfly brooch and of the Royal Order of Kalakaua I sash and badge, both in the Iolanai Palace collection.

Liliuokalani - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Early Life and Career of Liliuokalani Born in 1838 in Honolulu, Lydia Kamakaeha was a member of a high-ranking Hawaiian family; her mother, Keohokalole, served as an adviser to King Kamehameha III. Young Lydia was educated by missionaries and toured the Western world, as was customary for young members of the Hawaiian nobility. She spent time in the court of Kamahameha IV and in 1862 married John Owen Dominus, the American-born son of a ship captain, who became an official in the Hawaiian government. Dominus would later serve as governor of Oahu and Maui; the couple would have no children. Lydia’s elder brother, David Kalakaua, was chosen king in 1874. Three years later, when her youngest brother, W.P. Leleiohoku (who had been Kalakaua’s heir apparent), died in 1877, Lydia was named presumptive heir to the throne. As crown princess, she was thereafter known by her royal name, Liliuokalani.

In 1881, she acted as Kalakaua’s regent during the king’s world tour, and she also worked to organize schools for Hawaii’s youth. Did You Know? A skilled musician, Liliuokalani wrote more than 160 songs and chants in her lifetime, including "Aloha Oe," which became a national anthem of Hawaii. It was inspired by a horseback ride in Oahu in 1877, when she witnessed a farewell embrace between two lovers. Liliuokalani’s Ascension to the Throne In 1887, Crown Princess Liliuokalani and Kalakaua’s wife, Kapiolani, served as Hawaii’s representatives at Queen Victoria’s Crown Jubilee in London, where they were received by the queen herself as well as U.S. President Grover Cleveland . Also in 1887, an elite class of business owners (mainly white) forced Kalakaua to sign the so-called “Bayonet Constitution,” which limited the power of the monarchy in Hawaii .

Liliuokalani opposed this constitution, as well as the Reciprocity Treaty, by which Kalakaua had granted commercial privileges to the United States, along with control over Pearl Harbor . This stance lost the future queen the support of foreign businessmen (known as haole) before she even took the throne. When Kalakaua died in early 1891, Liliuokalani succeeded him, becoming the first woman ever to rule Hawaii. As queen, she acted to implement a new constitution that would restore the powers lost to the monarchy through the Bayonet Constitution. In January 1893, a group of American and European businessmen, with the support of U.S. Minister John Stevens and a contingent of U.S. Marines, staged a coup to depose the queen. Liliuokalani surrendered, with hopes of appealing to President Cleveland to reinstate her. Hawaii’s Last Sovereign: Liliuokalani Cleveland offered Liliuokalani reinstatement in return for her granting amnesty to all those who had been involved in the coup.

She initially refused, but then acquiesced; in vain, however, as the provisional government formed after the coup (led by Sanford Dole) denied her reinstatement. In July 1894, the government proclaimed the Republic of Hawaii, with Dole as its first president. Early in 1895, after loyalist Robert Wilcox led a failed insurrection aimed at restoring Liliuokalani to the throne, the queen was placed under house arrest and charged with treason. She agreed to sign a formal abdication in late January in exchange for the pardon of the supporters who had led the revolt. (Later, she tried to claim that the abdication was invalid as she had signed her married name, rather than her royal one.) With no children of her own, Liliuokalani had designated her niece Kaiulani as heir, and in 1896 the two women traveled to Washington together to try and convince Cleveland to restore the Hawaiian monarchy, without success. As leader of the “Stand Firm” (Oni pa’a) movement, Liliuokalani fought steadfastly against U.S. annexation of Hawaii.

Though Cleveland was sympathetic, his successor William McKinley was not, and his government annexed Hawaii in July 1898. Kaiulani, in poor health, died in 1899 at the age of 24. Liliuokalani withdrew from public life and lived until 1917, when she suffered a stroke and died at the age of 79. Tags THE BROTHERS CAZIMERO “A Tribute to Queen Lili’uokalani” | HAWAII THEATRE CENTER THE BROTHERS CAZIMERO “A Tribute to Queen Lili’uokalani” Home / Event / THE BROTHERS CAZIMERO “A Tribute to Queen Lili’uokalani” September 6, 2013 $32.00 Discount(s) $5 discount per ticket for HTC Members, Seniors (62+), Students (w/ vailid ID), Military (w/ valid ID), Youth (4-17), Groups of 10 or more, and Hawaiian Airlines Premiere Members.

Exclusive Presale (Charge-by-Phone Only) for Hawaii Theatre and Hawaiian Airlines HawaiianMiles members: July 23rd through August 3rd Public Sales begin: August 6, 2013 A TRIBUTE TO LILIʻUOKALANI celebrates Hawaiʻi’s last reigning queen. Liliʻuokalani was born September 2, 1838 as Lydia Liliʻu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaʻeha, was the last monarch and only queen regent of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. She was also known as Lydia Kamakaʻeha Pākī, with the chosen royal name of Liliʻuokalani, and her married name was Lydia K. Dominis. This Hawaii Theatre Hana Hou! series concert stars the award-winning Brothers Cazimero and features Robert Cazimero’s Hālau Nā Kamalei O Līlīlehua and the Ladies of the Royal Dance Company. The concert will feature mele (song), hula (dance), ‘oli (chant)and tributes to Queen Liliʻuokalani.

The musical talent, incredible showmanship and infectious humor of The Brothers Cazimero have bridged cultural gaps that naturally exist with ethnic music and dance. The aloha spirit that remains an integral part of their entertaining, whether live, on records or TV, is spreading throughout the global village and with it, a better world is possible. Join Robert and Roland along with the Ladies of the Royal Dance Company and Hālau Nā Kamalei O Līlīlehua as we pay tribute to Queen Liliʻuokalani… the way that only we can. Liliʻuokalani was an accomplished author and songwriter. Her book Hawaiʻi’s Story by Hawaiʻi’s Queen gave her view of the history of her country and her overthrow. Liliʻuokalani was known for her musical talent. Liliʻuokalani is said to have played guitar, piano, organ, ʻukulele and zither. She also sang alto, performing Hawaiian and English sacred and secular music. She would find herself in music.

In her memoirs she wrote: “To compose was as natural to me as to breathe; and this gift of nature, never having been suffered to fall into disuse, remains a source of the greatest consolation to this day. Hours of which it is not yet in place to speak, which I might have found long and lonely, passed quickly and cheerfully by, occupied and soothed by the expression of my thoughts in music.” Liliʻuokalani helped preserve key elements of Hawaii’s traditional poetics while mixing in the Western harmonies brought by the missionaries. A compilation of her works, titled The Queen’s Songbook, was published in 1999 by the Liliʻuokalani Trust. This performance is sponsored in part by Hawaiian Airlines, Hawaiian Springs Natural Water, Aston at the Executive Centre Hotel, City and County of Honolulu, and the Mayor’s Office on Culture and Arts.

Share: Americans overthrow Hawaiian monarchy - Jan 17, 1893 - HISTORY.com Americans overthrow Hawaiian monarchy Publisher A+E Networks On the Hawaiian Islands, a group of American sugar planters under Sanford Ballard Dole overthrow Queen Liliuokalani, the Hawaiian monarch, and establish a new provincial government with Dole as president. The coup occurred with the foreknowledge of John L. Stevens, the U.S. minister to Hawaii, and 300 U.S. Marines from the U.S. cruiser Boston were called to Hawaii, allegedly to protect American lives. The first known settlers of the Hawaiian Islands were Polynesian voyagers who arrived sometime in the eighth century, and in the early 18th century the first American traders came to Hawaii to exploit the islands’ sandalwood, which was much valued in China at the time. In the 1830s, the sugar industry was introduced to Hawaii and by the mid-19th century had become well established. American missionaries and planters brought about great changes in Hawaiian political, cultural, economic, and religious life, and in 1840 a constitutional monarchy was established, stripping the Hawaiian monarch of much of his authority.

Four years later, Sanford B. Dole was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, to American parents. During the next four decades, Hawaii entered into a number of political and economic treaties with the United States, and in 1887 a U.S. naval base was established at Pearl Harbor as part of a new Hawaiian constitution. Sugar exports to the United States expanded greatly during the next four years, and U.S. investors and American sugar planters on the islands broadened their domination over Hawaiian affairs. However, in 1891 Liliuokalani, the sister of the late King Kalakaua, ascended to the throne, refusing to recognize the constitution of 1887 and replacing it with a constitution increasing her personal authority. In January 1893, a revolutionary “Committee of Safety,” organized by Sanford B. Dole, staged a coup against Queen Liliuokalani with the tacit support of the United States. On February 1, Minister John Stevens recognized Dole’s new government on his own authority and proclaimed Hawaii a U.S. protectorate. Dole submitted a treaty of annexation to the U.S.

Senate, but most Democrats opposed it, especially after it was revealed that most Hawaiians did want annexation. President Grover Cleveland sent a new U.S. minister to Hawaii to restore Queen Liliuokalani to the throne under the 1887 constitution, but Dole refused to step aside and instead proclaimed the independent Republic of Hawaii. Cleveland was unwilling to overthrow the government by force, and his successor, President William McKinley, negotiated a treaty with the Republic of Hawaii in 1897. In 1898, the Spanish-American War broke out, and the strategic use of the naval base at Pearl Harbor during the war convinced Congress to approve formal annexation. Two years later, Hawaii was organized into a formal U.S. territory and in 1959 entered the United States as the 50th state.

Related Videos Lydia Kamaka'eha Kaola Mali'i Lili'uokalani (1838 - 1917) - Genealogy Lydia Kamaka'eha Kaola Mali'i Lili'uokalani Also Known As: "Lydia Kamakaʻeha Pākī", "Lydia", "K.", "Dominis" Birthdate: High Chief Caesar Kaluaiku Kapaakea, Analea Keohokalole UNKNOWN, (w) Siblings: ...hi Kapaakea, Prince William Pitt Leleiohoku Kapaakea, King David Kalakaua Kapaakea, Princess Anna Kaiulani Kapaakea, Kaiminiaauo Kapaakea... NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... to every person in this country. The'are many who mourn her passing,' Lydia Kamekeha Liliuokalani was world needs wool, must nave It, an...

Date: About Queen Lydia Kamakaʻeha Kaola Maliʻi Liliʻuokalani From Lost Kingdom written by Julia Flynn Siler Queen Lili'uokalani was born in a grass house in 1838 and adopted by Hawai'i's then ruling Kamehameha dynasty, Lili'u (pronounced Lee-lee-ooh), as she was known by intimates, was a fervent patriot and the last queen of Hawai'i. From Wikipedia : Born Lydia Lili'u Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamaka?eha, she was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawai?i. She was also known as Lydia Kamaka?eha Paki, with the chosen royal name of Lili'uokalani, and she was later named Kaolupoloni K. Dominis. Queen Liliuokalani was the last reigning monarch of the Hawaiian islands. She felt her mission was to preserve the islands for their native residents. In 1898, Hawaii was annexed to the United States and Queen Liliuokalani was forced to give up her throne.

Queen Liliuokalani was deposed by the advocates of a Republic for Hawaii in 1893. She was born in Honolulu to high chief Kapaakea and the chiefess Keohokalole, the third of ten children. Her brother was King Kalakaua. Liliuokalani was adopted at birth by Abner Paki and his wife Konia . At age 4, her adoptive parents enrolled her in the Royal School. There she became fluent in English and influenced by Congregational missionaries. She also became part of the royal circle attending Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma. Liliuokalanie married a ha'ole, John Owen Dominis on September 16, 1862. Dominis would eventually serve the monarchy as the Governor of O'ahu and Maui. They had no children and according to her private papers and diaries, the marriage was not fulfilling. Dominis died shortly after she assumed the throne, and the queen never remarried. Upon the death of her brother, King Kalakauam Liliuokalani ascended the throne of Hawaii in January 1891.

One of her first acts was to recommend a new Hawaii constitution, as the "Bayonet Constitution" of 1887 limited the power of the monarch and political power of native Hawaiians. In 1890, the McKinley Tariff began to cause a recession in the islands by withdrew the safeguards ensuring a mainland market for Hawaiian sugar. American interests in Hawaii began to consider annexation for Hawaii to re-establish an economic competitive position for sugar. In 1893, Queen Liliuokalani sought to empower herself and Hawaiians through a new constitution which she herself had drawn up and now desired to promulgate as the new law of the land. It was Queen Liliuokalani's right as a sovereign to issue a new constitution through an edict from the throne. A group led by Sanford B. Dole sought to overthrow the institution of the monarchy. The American minister in Hawaii, John L. Stevens, called for troops to take control of Iolani Palace and various other governmental buildings. In 1894, the Queen, was deposed, the monarchy abrogated, and a provisional government was established which later became the Republic of Hawaii.

In 1893, James H. Blount, newly appointed American minister to Hawaii, arrived representing President Grover Cleveland. Blount listened to both sides, annexationists and restorationists, and concluded the Hawaiian people aligned with the Queen. Blount and Cleveland agreed the Queen should be restored. Blount's final report implicated the American minister Stevens in the illegal overthrow of Liliuokalani. Albert S. Willis, Cleveland's next American minister offered the crown back to the Queen on the condition she pardon and grant general amnesty to those who had dethroned her. She initially refused but soon she changed her mind and offered clemency. This delay compromised her political position and President Cleveland had released the entire issue of the Hawaiian revolution to Congress for debate. The annexationists promptly lobbied Congress against restoration of the monarchy. On July 4, 1894, the Republic of Hawaii with Sanford B. Dole as president was proclaimed. It was recognized immediately by the United States government. In 1895, Liliuokalani was arrested and forced to reside in Iolani Palace after a cache of weapons was found in the gardens of her home in Washington Place.

She denied knowing of the existence of this cache and was reportedly unaware of others' efforts to restore the royalty. In 1896, she was released and returned to her home at Washington Place where she lived for the next two decades. Hawaii was annexed to the United States through a joint resolution of the U. S. Congress in 1898 . The "ex-"queen died due to complications from a stroke in 1917. A statue of her was erected on the grounds of the State Capital in Honolulu. In 1898 Hawaii was finally annexed by the United States, and in 1900 it became a U.S. territory. On August 21, 1959 it became the 50th American state. In 1993 Congress and President Clinton formally apologized for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

Liliʻuokalani (Hawaiian pronunciation: [liliˌʔuokəˈlɐni]; September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917), born Lydia Liliʻu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaʻeha, was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She was also known as Lydia Kamakaʻeha Pākī, with the chosen royal name of Liliʻuokalani, and her married name was Lydia K. Dominis. Liliʻuokalani was born on September 2, 1838 to the High Chiefess Analea Keohokālole and High Chief Caesar Kaluaiku Kapaʻakea. In accordance with the Hawaiian tradition of hānai, she was adopted at birth by Abner Pākī and his wife Laura Kōnia. Liliʻuokalani’s childhood years were spent studying and playing with her foster sister Bernice Pauahi, the Pākīs' natural daughter.

The Premier Elizabeth Kīnaʻu had developed an eye infection at the time of Liliʻu's birth. She gave her the names Liliʻu (smarting[1]), Loloku (tearful[2]), Walania (a burning pain[3]), and Kamakaʻeha (sore eyes). Liliʻu's brother changed it when he named her Crown Princess, calling her Liliʻuokalani, "the smarting of the royal ones".[4] Liliʻuokalani received her education at the Chiefs' Children's School (later known as the Royal School), and became fluent in English. She attended the school with her two older brothers James Kaliokalani and David Kalākaua. Liliʻuokalani was one of 15 children. On September 16, 1862, Liliʻuokalani married John Owen Dominis, who became Governor of Oʻahu and Maui. Her marriage to Dominis was an unhappy match.

He was unfaithful to her and had many affairs, a fact that family friend and royal physician Georges Phillipe Trousseau tried to hide from her, but in 1882 Dr. Trousseau had to inform her that one of her household retainers was pregnant with her husband's son. Liliʻuokalani first reaction was to attempt to claim the child as her own, and making him in line to the throne, to spare her husband the embarrassment. She understood this was illegal and would undermine the integrity of the monarchy, but she wanted to protect her husband.[5] Although Liliʻuokalani's named successor was her niece Princess Kaʻiulani (1875–99), Kaʻiulani predeceased her. Liliʻuokalani had three hānai children: Lydia Kaʻonohiponiponiokalani Aholo; Kaiponohea ʻAeʻa, the son of a retainer; and John Aimoku Dominis, her husband's illegitimate son.[ Queen Lydia Kamakaʻeha Kaola Maliʻi Liliʻuokalani's Timeline 1838

Question: What country's last monarch was Queen Liliʻuokalani?
Answer: Hawaii