Ulnar Nerve Roots Ulnar nerve roots Ulnar Nerve Roots Ulnar nerve roots are the location where nerves branch off the spinal cord between the C7 and T1 vertebrae of the cervical (neck) and thoracic (middle back) spine segments, respectively. These nerves are noteworthy because they extend from the spinal cord to the fingertips and include the region near the elbow known as the “funny bone.” Function of the ulnar nerve roots The ulnar nerve roots, like the other nerve roots in the cervical and thoracic spine, originate in the spinal cord and extend into the body through openings in the vertebrae called foramina. These specific nerve roots live close to the vertebrae and discs of the spine, making nerve compression a relatively common occurrence as degenerative spine conditions develop with age. The ulnar nerve roots help facilitate the flow of signals between the brain and the arms. To accomplish this, the brain sends messages down the spinal cord, through the nerve root and along the ulnar nerve — and back again — almost instantaneously. Specifically, the ulnar nerve extends from the spinal cord through the arm, forearm, hand and into the little finger.

But what makes the ulnar nerve unique is that it is the largest nerve in the body that has an unprotected spot — the funny bone. Symptoms of ulnar nerve root compression The ulnar nerve roots can become compressed as a symptom of spine deterioration. This nerve compression is typically what patients feel when they are experiencing neck or back pain, traveling pain radiating along the ulnar nerve, numbness or tingling in the arms, or even unexpected muscle weakness. These symptoms, known as radiculopathy, can be traced to a number of sources, but the most common causes include: Herniated discs Normal aging Injury If you are experiencing nerve compression of one of your ulnar nerve roots and are considering treatment, your doctor may recommend spine surgery after a round of conservative treatments have been exhausted. At Laser Spine Institute, we offer minimally invasive spine surgery that is a safer and effective alternative to traditional open neck and open back surgery. Our procedures allow our patients to benefit from a shorter recovery time^ and lower risk of complication and infection compared to traditional spine surgery. To help treat most causes of nerve compression, we offer a minimally invasive decompression or a minimally invasive stabilization surgery.

Many of our patients are recommended a decompression procedure to relieve pressure on a nerve root, though some patients with severe cases require a stabilization procedure to relieve nerve compression and regain stability in the spine. Contact Laser Spine Institute today to learn more about our minimally invasive outpatient procedures. We can review your MRI report or CT scan to better diagnose your condition and recommend your best treatment option. Want to chat? Ulnar nerve - 必应 Sign in Ulnar nerve "Funny bone" redirects here. For the comedy-drama film, see Funny Bones. For the comedy club, see The Funny Bone. Ulnar nerve Click image to enlarge - ulnar nerve is visible in lower left Nerves of the left upper extremity.

(Ulnar labeled at center left.) Details Latin nervus ulnaris From C8, T1 (branch from Medial cord) Innervates flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus lumbrical muscles opponens digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi abductor digiti minimi interossei adductor pollicis Identifiers MeSH A08.800.800.720.050.850 Dorlands /Elsevier n ... (展开) _05/12566994 TA A14.2.03.040 FMA 37319 Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata] In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning unprotected by muscle or bone), so injury is common.

This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, supplying the palmar side of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds. This nerve can cause an electric shock -like sensation by striking the medial epicondyle of the humerus from posteriorly, or inferiorly with the elbow flexed. The ulnar nerve is trapped between the bone and the overlying skin at this point. This is commonly referred to as bumping one's "funny bone". This name is thought to be a pun, based on the sound resemblance between the name of the bone of the upper arm, the "humerus" and the word "humorous". Alternatively, according to the Oxford English Dictionary it may refer to "the peculiar sensation experienced when it is struck". 1 2635 Ulnar nerve的网页搜索结果 1 Following acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning patients complain of numbness without objective sensory abnormalities or other features of OP induced delayed polyneuropathy. The aim of this study was to measure peripheral nerve function after acute exposure to OP.A cohort study was conducted with age, gender and occupation matched controls.

Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), amplitude and area of compound muscle action potential (CMAP), sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), F- waves and electromyography (EMG) on the deltoid and the first dorsal interosseous muscles on the dominant side were performed, following acute OP poisoning. All neurophysiological assessments except EMG were performed on the controls. Assessments were performed on the day of discharge from the hospital (the first assessment) and six weeks (the second assessment) after the exposure. The controls were assessed only once.There were 70 patients (50 males) and 70 controls. Fifty-three patients attended for the second assessment. In the first assessment MNCV of all the motor nerves examined, CMAP amplitude and SNCV of ulnar nerve, median and ulnar F-wave occurrence in the patients were significantly reduced compared to the controls. In the second assessment significant reduction was found in SNCV of both sensory nerves examined, MNCV of ulnar nerve, CMAP amplitude of common peroneal nerve, F-wave occurrence of median and ulnar nerves.

No abnormalities were detected in the patients when compared to the standard cut-off values of nerve conduction studies except F-wave occurrence. EMG studies did not show any abnormality.There was no strong evidence of irreversible peripheral nerve damage following acute OP poisoning, however further studies are required. 本结果选自910项相关网络资源 The ulnar nerve also provides sensory innervation to the fifth digit and the medial half of the fourth digit, and the corresponding part of the palm: Palmar branch of ulnar nerve - supplies cutaneous innervation to the anterior skin and nails Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve - supplies cutaneous...

下周有个学术报告，是介绍关于尺骨神经（ulnar nerve）的，请问它的定义是什么，有什么作用呢，最好能够有英文的说明，谢谢 答 lz翻译错误，ulnar nerve一般翻译成尺神经。尺神经ulnar nerve 由内侧束发出、支配前臂前群肌的靠尺侧的小部分肌肉、手小鱼际肌和手肌中间群的大部分以及手掌面尺侧一个半指和手背面尺侧二个半指的皮肤。尺神经在肘以上受损伤后表现为：屈腕力强，手不能向尺侧屈曲、拇指不能内收，小鱼际肌、第3、4蚓状肌及全部骨间肌瘫痪，并发生显著萎缩，小指和环指的... Forearm It enters the anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm between the humeral and ulnar heads, lying under the aponeurosis of flexor carpi ulnaris alongside the ulna.

There it supplies one and a half muscles (flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus) and courses with the ulnar artery, travelling inferiorly with it deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. In the forearm it gives off the following branches::700 Muscular branches of ulnar nerve Palmar branch of ulnar nerve Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve Hand After it travels down the ulna, the ulnar nerve enters the palm of the hand through the Guyon's canal. The ulnar nerve and artery pass superficial to the flexor retinaculum, via the ulnar canal. The course of the ulnar nerve through the wrist contrasts with that of the median nerve, which travels deep to the flexor retinaculum of the hand.

Here it gives off the following branches: Superficial branch of ulnar nerve Deep branch of ulnar nerve The ulnar nerve also provides sensory innervation to the fifth digit and the medial half of the fourth digit, and the corresponding part of the palm: Palmar branch of ulnar nerve - supplies cutaneous innervation to the anterior skin and nails Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve - supplies cutaneous innervation to the dorsal medial hand and the dorsum of the medial 1.5 fingers Motor The ulnar nerve and its branches innervate the following muscles in the forearm and hand: An Articular branch that passes to the elbow joint while the ulnar nerve is passing between the olecranon and medial epicondyle of the humerus.

In the forearm, via the muscular branches of ulnar nerve: Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half) In the hand, via the deep branch of ulnar nerve: hypothenar muscles The third and fourth lumbrical muscles Dorsal interossei Flexor pollicis brevis (deep head) In the hand, via the superficial branch of ulnar nerve: Palmaris brevis Ulnar nerve Clinical significance The ulnar nerve can suffer injury anywhere between its proximal origin of the brachial plexus all the way to its distal branches in the hand. It is the most commonly injured nerve around the elbow. Although it can be damaged under various circumstances, it is commonly injured by local trauma or physical impingement ("pinched nerve").

Injury of the ulnar nerve at different levels causes specific motor and sensory deficits: At the elbow Common mechanisms of injury: Cubital tunnel syndrome, fracture of the medial epicondyle (causing cubitus valgus with tardy ulnar nerve palsy) Motor deficit: Weakness in flexion of the hand at the wrist, loss of flexion of ulnar half of digits, or the 4th and 5th digits, loss of ability to cross the digits of the hand. (Note: Motor deficit is absent or very minor in cubital tunnel syndrome as the ulnar nerve is compressed in the cubital tunnel, rather than transected.) Presence of a claw hand deformity when the hand is at rest, due to hyperextension of the 4th and 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints, and flexion at the interphalangeal joints.

Sensory deficit: Loss of sensation or paresthesiae in ulnar half of the palm and dorsum of hand, and the medial 1½ digits on both palmar and dorsal aspects of the hand At the wrist Common mechanism: penetrating wounds, Guyon canal cyst Motor deficit: Loss of flexion of ulnar half of digits, or the 4th and 5th digits, loss of ability to cross the digits of the hand. Presence of a claw hand deformity when the hand is at rest, due to hyperextension of the 4th and 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints, and flexion at the interphalangeal joints. The claw hand deformity is more prominent with injury at the wrist as opposed to a lesion higher up in the arm, for instance, at the elbow, as the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus is not affected. This pulls the distal interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digit into a more flexed position, producing a more deformed 'claw'. This is known as the ulnar paradox.

Sensory deficit: Loss of sensation or paresthesiae in ulnar half of the palm, and the medial 1½ digits on the palmar aspect of the hand, with dorsal sparing. The dorsal aspect of the hand is unaffected as the posterior cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve is given off higher up in the forearm and does not reach the wrist. In severe cases, surgery may be performed to relocate or "release" the nerve to prevent further injury.

Ulnar nerve External links Cubital Tunnel Support Forums Anatomy figure: 05:03-15 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The major subdivisions and terminal nerves of the brachial plexus." Anatomy figure: 07:04-04 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Anterior view of the nerves, vessels, and superficial tendons that cross the left wrist." Anatomy figure: 08:03-07 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Transverse section through the carpal tunnel and distal row of the carpal bones." Ulnar_nerve at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program Hand kinesiology at the University of Kansas Medical Center Atlas image: hand_plexus at the University of Michigan Health System - "Axilla, dissection, anterior view" Overview at neuro.wustl.edu Ulnar nerve | Psychology Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit The ulnar nerve comes from the medial cord of the brachial plexus , and runs inferior on the medial/posterior aspect of the humerus down the arm, going behind the medial epicondyle at

 the elbow .

Because of the mild pain and tingling throughout the forearm associated with an inadvertent impact of the nerve at this point, it is usually called the funny bone. (It may also have to do with its location relative to the humerus, as the name "humerus" is homophonic to the word "humorous"). It enters the anterior (front) side of the forearm, and runs alongside the ulna . There it supplies one and a half muscles (flexor carpi ulnaris & medial half of flexor digiti profundus). It soon joins with the ulnar artery , and the two travel inferiorly together, deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. After its journey down the ulna, the ulnar nerve enters the palm of the hand. Unlike the median nerve which travels below the flexor retinaculum of the hand and through the carpal tunnel , the ulnar nerve and artery pass superficial to the flexor retinaculum via the ulnar canal . Branches and innervation Edit Cubital tunnel syndrome occurs when the Ulnar nerve is obstructed during its path along the outer edge of the elbow.

This compression of the nerve often leads to a tingling or 'pins and needles' sensation in the little and ring fingers (as opposed to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome which affects the first, second and third fingers). Most cases will be minor and tend to come and go with time. Common causes are sleeping with the arm folded up, so the hand is at the persons neck. People frequently wake up with in these cases with tingling in the fingers, because the nerve has been pinched or squeezed. Treatment of these types of causes are easy to remedy and can involve simply altering sleeping positions to avoid aggravating the elbow area. In more extreme cases however where tingling is persistent, surgery is an option to move the nerve away from the area. [1] See also Ulnar nerve : definition of Ulnar nerve and synonyms of Ulnar nerve (English) Ulnar+nerve In human anatomy , the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning unprotected by muscle or bone), so injury is common.

This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, supplying the palmar side of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds. One method of injuring the nerve is to strike the medial epicondyle of the humerus from posteriorly, or inferiorly with the elbow flexed. The ulnar nerve is trapped between the bone and the overlying skin at this point. This is commonly referred to as bumping one's "funny bone". This name is thought to be a pun , based on the sound resemblance between the name of the bone of the upper arm, the " humerus " and the word " humorous ". [1] Alternatively, according to the Oxford English Dictionary it may refer to "the peculiar sensation experienced when it is struck".

[2] Contents 9 External links Arm The ulnar nerve originates from the C8-T1 nerve roots which form part of the medial cord of the brachial plexus , and descends on the posteromedial aspect of the humerus Forearm It enters the anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm through the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris and runs alongside the ulna . There it supplies one and a half muscles (flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus). It soon joins with the ulnar artery , and the two travel inferiorly together, deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

In the forearm it gives off the following branches: [3] Palmaris brevis Cutaneous The ulnar nerve also provides sensory innervation to the fifth digit and the medial half of the fourth digit, and the corresponding part of the palm: Ulnar nerve Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve - supplies cutaneous innervation to the posterior skin (except the nails) Ulnar nerve entrapment Main article: Ulnar nerve entrapment The ulnar nerve can be trapped or pinched as it proceeds from the brachial plexus to the fingertips. One common cause is cubital tunnel syndrome. In this syndrome, a tunnel on the medial side of the elbow traps the nerve. Pinching of the ulnar nerve often causes paraesthesiae (tingling) in the fourth and fifth digits. Temporary paraesthesiae can be caused by sleeping or poor posture while awkwardly placing weight on one's arm, or by cycling for extended periods of time. In severe cases, surgery is performed to move the nerve.

Severe entrapment or complete severing of the ulnar nerve can present clinically as an ulnar claw , or can be diagnosed by clinical tests, like card test, [4] Froment's sign, and so on. See also Ulnar Nerve Damage Follow Us Ulnar Nerve Damage Ulnar nerve damage can be very irritating and if left untreated can be a serious medical condition. Here we give you the causes, symptoms and treatment options available for this condition. Read on... Advertisement The nerve which runs close to the ulna bone is called the ulnar nerve. The main function of this nerve is to transfer messages from the forearm and hand, to be specific ring and little fingers to the spinal cord and central nervous system. Moreover, it controls the movements of other large and small muscles in the hand. It's the only nerve in the human body which remains unprotected by bones or muscles. If there's an injury to any area through which this nerve passes, especially in area between the shoulder and wrists, it may result in ulnar nerve damage. Moreover, in case there's a pinched nerve or it's trapped due to any reason, this condition may occur. Causes There may be several causes of ulnar nerve damage.

As the nerve extends from the shoulder to the wrists and passes through several outlets; damage to any part in the route of the nerve can cause it to be pinched or trapped. The incidences that can lead to this situation are elbow dislocation, fracture, swollen soft tissues as well as external pressure and postures that can subject this nerves to pressure. One of the most common causes of this condition is disease or injury of the cervical spine. If the nerve is seriously damaged, there are chances that a person's fingers may be immobilized for life. Another common cause of this condition includes brachial plexus. Brachial plexus is a complex system of nerve fibers, which originates from the spinal cord and runs through the neck to the arm. In case there's an abnormality in the elbow such as fractures, plate injuries, etc., it may cause damage to the ulnar nerve. Other reasons for damage to this nerve include blood clot in the arteries in the places where the nerve runs, rheumatism, hypothyroidism, diabetes and tumors. Symptoms One of the most common symptoms of ulnar nerve damage is a feeling of numbness in the little and ring finger, particularly if you keep the elbow bent.

Moreover, there may be extreme feeling of pain inside the elbow. At times, it may become difficult to move the hand and fingers, besides, it may be tough to hold any object. The feeling of numbness and extreme pain is similar to carpal tunnel syndrome, but the difference is that, carpal tunnel syndrome involves injury to the median nerve. Numbness and tingling sensations are mostly in the long and index fingers, besides the thumb. Whenever there is damage to the ulnar nerve, it may become difficult for you to hold a phone or you may find it hard to drive. Treatment Treatment options for this condition aims at allowing a person to move the hands and fingers as much as possible. The cause should be properly identified for the proper treatment. There may be times in which no treatment is required, and it would go away on its own. Some of the most common treatment option include: A splint or a pad to support the elbow and prevent it form injuring further. Injections, especially corticosteroids, so as to reduce swelling. In case symptoms get worse, surgery may be required. Pain relieving medications and over the counter analgesics. Exercises, so that the muscles gain its normal strength.

Surgery for Ulnar Nerve Damage The surgery is usually not required, but in some cases when the symptoms become worse, surgery may be required. In case the medical professional finds out that movement of the hand has become almost impossible, surgery is done. Surgery is recommended only after all other options have been exhausted and if it's not done, the arm may be permanently damaged. This option is also chosen if the patient is suffering from cubital tunnel syndrome. It is a gap between two heads of a muscle known as flexor carpi ulnaris. Ulnar nerve uses this tunnel to navigate the elbow and enter the forearm. While doing this it passes close to the bump or the funny bone close to the elbow on the inner side of upper arm. Sometimes movements of elbow pushes ulnar nerve so close to the bump that it affects its stretching and the problem starts. The nerve can be freed in two ways: Ulnar nerve transposition: The ulnar nerve is moved surgically to the front of the bump. The doctor may choose to move it just under the skin or muscles in the area to offer it added protection. Its new place allows it free movement especially when the elbow is bent.

Medial epicondylectomy: The bump obstructing the nerve is removed surgically to allow the nerve to slide over it and back when the elbow is bent and flexed, respectively. Exercises Initially, whenever there's damage of the ulnar nerve, exercise and physical therapy is recommended. They can be a useful tool to gain muscle strength. There are certain weights, stretching exercises and training programs which specifically aims at alleviating pain. Exercises and physical therapy may not necessarily reverse the damage caused, but it can prevent further damage of the muscles and nerves. So, there may be several causes of ulnar nerve damage, but you need to ensure that in case this condition arises, get the help of a medical professional immediately. As with all medical conditions, it's important for you to consult a doctor, as he knows the best. Madhurjya Bhattacharyya Ulnar Nerves Ulnar Nerves Ulnar Nerves Kim B Wright 2015-09-13T14:05:37+00:00 Ulnar Nerves In human anatomy , the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone.

The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning unprotected by muscle or bone), so injury is common. This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, supplying the palmar side of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds. This nerve can cause an electric shock-like sensation by striking the medial epicondyle of the humerus from posteriorly, or inferiorly with the elbow flexed. The ulnar nerve is trapped between the bone and the overlying skin at this point. This is commonly referred to as bumping one’s “funny bone“. This name is thought to be a pun , based on the sound resemblance between the name of the bone of the upper arm, the “ humerus ” and the word “ humorous “. Alternatively, according to the Oxford English Dictionary it may refer to “the peculiar sensation experienced when it is struck”.

Structure The ulnar nerve originates from the C8 – T1 nerve roots (and occasionally carries C7 fibres) which form part of the medial cord of the brachial plexus , and descends on the posteromedial aspect of the humerus . Forearm It enters the anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm between the humeral and ulnar heads, lying under the aponeurosis of flexor carpi ulnaris alongside the ulna . There it supplies one and a half muscles (flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus ) and courses with the ulnar artery , travelling inferiorly with it deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. In the forearm it gives off the following branches: Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve Hand After it travels down the ulna, the ulnar nerve enters the palm of the hand through the Guyon’s canal . The ulnar nerve and artery pass superficial to the flexor retinaculum , via the ulnar canal . The course of the ulnar nerve through the wrist contrasts with that of the median nerve , which travels deep to the flexor retinaculum of the hand .

Here it gives off the following branches: Function Sensory Cutaneous innervation of the right upper extremity. Areas innervated by the radial nerve are colored in pink. The ulnar nerve also provides sensory innervation to the fifth digit and the medial half of the fourth digit, and the corresponding part of the palm: Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve – supplies cutaneous innervation to the posterior skin (except the nails) Motor The ulnar nerve and its branches innervate the following muscles in the forearm and hand: An Articular branch that passes to the elbow joint while the ulnar nerve is passing between the olecranon and medial epicondyle of the humerus. Palmaris brevis Clinical significance The ulnar nerve can suffer injury anywhere between its proximal origin of the brachial plexus all the way to its distal branches in the hand. It is the most commonly injured nerve around the elbow. Although it can be damaged under various circumstances, it is commonly injured by local trauma or physical impingement (“pinched nerve”).

Injury of the ulnar nerve at different levels causes specific motor and sensory deficits: At the elbow Common mechanisms of injury: Cubital tunnel syndrome , fracture of the medial epicondyle (causing cubitus valgus with tardy ulnar nerve palsy) Motor deficit: Weakness in flexion of the hand at the wrist, loss of flexion of ulnar half of digits, or the 4th and 5th digits, loss of ability to cross the digits of the hand. (Note: Motor deficit is absent or very minor in cubital tunnel syndrome as the ulnar nerve is compressed in the cubital tunnel, rather than transected.) Presence of a claw hand deformity when the hand is at rest, due to hyperextension of the 4th and 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints , and flexion at the interphalangeal joints .

Sensory deficit: Loss of sensation or paresthesiae in ulnar half of the palm and dorsum of hand, and the medial 1½ digits on both palmar and dorsal aspects of the hand At the wrist Common mechanism: penetrating wounds, Guyon canal cyst Motor deficit: Loss of flexion of ulnar half of digits, or the 4th and 5th digits, loss of ability to cross the digits of the hand. Presence of a claw hand deformity when the hand is at rest, due to hyperextension of the 4th and 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints , and flexion at the interphalangeal joints . The claw hand deformity is more prominent with injury at the wrist as opposed to a lesion higher up in the arm, for instance, at the elbow, as the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus is not affected. This pulls the distal interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digit into a more flexed position, producing a more deformed ‘claw’. This is known as the ulnar paradox .

Sensory deficit: Loss of sensation or paresthesiae in ulnar half of the palm, and the medial 1½ digits on the palmar aspect of the hand, with dorsal sparing. The dorsal aspect of the hand is unaffected as the posterior cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve is given off higher up in the forearm and does not reach the wrist. In severe cases, surgery may be performed to relocate or “release” the nerve to prevent further injury. Elbow pain : Painful Elbow : Elbow Joint Pain 2. Golfer's Elbow Golfer's elbow is also known as medial epicondylitis. It is an inflammatory condition of the medial epicondyle on the humerus bone (upper-arm bone). Where and how is golfer's elbow caused ? The front ("anterior') part of the forearm includes muscles that can flex the fingers and thumb, and flex and pronate the wrist. These muscles are attached to the arm bones by tough yet flexible bands of fibrous tissue called tendons. These tendons merge into a common tendinous sheath attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus bone at the elbow joint .

As a result of minor injuries, or in some cases with no obvious cause, the point of insertion at which the tendinous sheath attaches to the humerus bone can become inflamed. This inflammation of the tissues tends to cause elbow pain and can restrict comfortable movement. What is the difference between "tennis elbow" and "golfer's elbow" ? They are very similar but tennis elbow affects the outer/lateral part of the elbow, specifically at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus while golfer's elbow affects the inner/medial part of the elbow, specifically at the medial epicondyle. Cause: Mainly Skeletal (incl. structures within joints, e.g. bursae) 3. Pulled elbow A "pulled elbow" is a dislocation in which the radial head (head of the radius bone ) has moved out of the cover of the orbicular ligament. It can happen in young children where it is sometimes caused by a sharp or sudden pull on the child's arm. Symptoms include: distress pain/soreness incl. tenderness across the lateral aspect of the elbow joint which may be described as elbow pain limited supination, i.e.

difficulty in turning or rotating the hand or forearm so that the palm faces up or forward. 4. Osteoarthritis of the elbow Osteo-arthritis generally is due to wear of the articulatory cartilage, and may be primary, or may occur secondarily to abnormal load to the joint or damage to the cartilage from inflammation or trauma. It can result in painful joints (in this case elbow pain), stiffness, and restricted movement. Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow joint can be occupation-related, occurring in some people employed in jobs involving heavy manual labour (rules and regulations re. health and safety at work may apply). Secondary osteoarthritis of the elbow joint may occur after fractures involving damage to the articulating surfaces of the joint - see "articular cartilage" on structure of synovial joints , and cause elbow pain. 5. Rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease of the synovial lining of joints resulting in affected joints becoming painful, swollen, and stiff. It can lead to damage to the ligaments supporting the joints and erosion of the bone, leading to deformity of the joints.

Rheumatoid arthritis in the elbow joint can affect either or both elbows and involve elbow pain, especially if the ulnar nerve is affected. 6. Olecranon bursitis Olecranon bursitis (also known as "student's elbow", "baker's elbow", "swellbow" and "water on the elbow") is painful condition of the elbow joint in which pain is accompanied by swelling and inflammation of the olecranon bursa, which is located in the elbow. A bursa (plural: busae) is a sac-like structure present in some synovial joints including the elbow - see "bursa" on structure of synovial joints for further explanation. The olecranon bursa is located over the extensor aspect of the proximal end of the ulna. In common with some other bursae, it is usually invisible and impalpable because it only contains a small amount of fluid. It's function is to facilite movement at the elbow by enabling anatomical structures to glide more easily over each other. 7.

Cubitus varus - May not be painful, included as a medical condition of the elbow Cubitus varus is a common deformity in which the extended forearm is deviated towards midline of the body (varus means a deformity of a limb in which part of it is deviated towards the midline of the body). Cubitus varus is sometimes called a 'Gunstock deformity'. Some prominent/extreme cases can lead to tardy ulnar nerve palsy - see below. Extended forearm deviated away from midine of body (= elbows turned inwards) 8. Cubitus valgus - May not be painful, included as a medical condition of the elbow Cubitus valgus is a skeletal deformity in which the elbows are turned in. A small degree of cubitus valgus is not a serious elbow problem and occurs in the general population. However, when significant at birth it can be an indication of Noonan syndrome or Turner syndrome. Cubitis valgus is not necessarily congenital but can be acquired/developed as a result of a fracture of the arm bones or other injury e.g.

cubitis valgus can occur as a complication of fracture of the lateral condyle of the humerus , and may lead to tardy ulnar nerve palsy - see below. Cause: Nerves / Combination of causes / Other tissues or pathogens 9. Ulnar nerve palsy Ulnar nerve palsy is paralysis caused by damage to, or compression or trapping of, the ulnar nerve which extends from the shoulder to the hand. This is more vulnerable than some other nerves because it is the largest unprotected (by muscle or bone) nerve in the human body. Common causes of ulnar nerve palsy include compression of the nerve at the wrist (Guyon's canal) or at the elbow (cubital tunnel - see below). Tardy ulnar nerve palsy is a form of ulnar nerve palsy that develops and progresses slowly, typically in people in the 30-50 age group. In many cases this follows a childhood injury such as a fracture in the elbow region.. 10.

Ulnar neuritis Ulnar neuritis is also known as cubital tunnel, cubital tunnel syndrome and ulnar tunnel syndrome, all of which refer to inflammation of the ulnar nerve which extends from the shoulder along the arm to the hand. This can lead to vague sensations such as aching in the elbow and/or hand, elbow pain and tenderness, pain in the forearm, and/or numbness or weakness of grip in the hand of the affected arm. Possible causes of ulnar neuritis include activities that result in constant pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow, i.e. compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow joint, repetitive motion/actions at the elbow or wrist, complications following local trauma e.g. injury at the elbow, old injuries to the elbow that left bones bent and/or the nerve stretched, or in some cases there is no obvious cause. Myositis ossificans - May restrict movement Myositis ossificans is an unusual condition involving abnormal bone formation within deep muscle tissue. It is not a condition specific to the elbow joint / region, though it can occur in this area. In general, myositis ossificans can occur in athletes who have sustained a muscle injury.

Myositis ossificans in the elbow occurs most commonly after fractures or dislocations of the elbow joint. The initial calcification (formation of abnormal bone tissue) may occur in a haematoma (local accumulation of blood outside the blood vessels , usually in liquid form) at the front of the joint. Treatment may include rest, immobilization and observation. In many cases symptoms resolve over time. Possible complications include interference with movement at joint e.g. blocking flexion of the elbow joint and/or interference with nerve(s). - Deep muscle / abnormal bone tissue 13. Infection (general) - Uncommon Infection of the elbow joint, sometimes called septic arthritis, is uncommon. It may occur spontaneously, in association with infection elsewhere in the body, or following surgery. - Pathogen/s This is not a complete list of all known conditions and disorders that may involve elbow pain or elbowproblems generally. The numbers in the column on the left are just to show how many elbow problems are included. This page does not include typical fractures at or around the elbow joint (though of course they tend to result in elbow pain) or skin conditions common in the elbow regions, e.g. eczema and psoriasis .

Ulnar nerve : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki More info on Ulnar nerve Wikis Ulnar nerve: Wikis Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nerve: Ulnar nerve Click image to enlarge - ulnar nerve is visible in lower left Nerves of the left upper extremity. (Ulnar labeled at center left.) Ulnar+nerve In human anatomy , the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning, unprotected by muscle or bone),[citation needed] and the only unprotected nerve that does not serve a purely sensory function (those nerves specifically meant to perceive changes in the environment, such as nerves in the skin). This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, supplying the palmar side of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds.

One method of injuring the nerve is to strike the medial epicondyle of the humerus from posteriorly, or inferiorly with the elbow flexed. The ulnar nerve is trapped between the bone and the overlying skin at this point. This is commonly referred to as hitting one's "funny bone." This name is thought to be a pun , based on the sound resemblance between the words " humerus " and " humorous ". [1] Contents Course Arm The ulnar nerve comes from the medial cord of the brachial plexus , and descends on the posteromedial aspect of the humerus . It goes behind the medial epicondyle , through the cubital tunnel , at the elbow (where it is vulnerable to injury for a few centimeters, just above the joint). Forearm It enters the anter (flexor) compartment of the forearm through the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris and runs alongside the ulna . There it supplies one and a half muscles (flexor carpi ulnaris & medial half of flexor digitorum profundus). It soon joins with the ulnar artery , and the two travel inferiorly together, deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

In the forearm it gives off the following branches: [2] Palmaris brevis Cutaneous The ulnar nerve also provides sensory innervation to the fifth digit and the medial half of the fourth digit, and the corresponding part of the palm: Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve - supplies cutaneous innervation to the posterior skin (except the nails) Ulnar nerve entrapment Main article: Ulnar nerve entrapment The ulnar nerve can be trapped or pinched as it proceeds from the brachial plexus to the fingertips. One common cause is cubital tunnel syndrome. In this syndrome, a tunnel on the medial side of the elbow traps the nerve. Pinching of the ulnar nerve often causes paraesthesiae (tingling) in the fourth and fifth digits. Temporary paraesthesiae can be caused by sleeping while awkwardly placing weight on one's arm, or by cycling for extended periods of time. In severe cases, surgery is performed to move the nerve. See also What is the scientific name for your elbow? - Bayt.com Spécialités What is the scientific name for your elbow?

3 Réponses Answer added by: Dineesh Krishnan QA/QC Manager Depuis 2 années The elbow joint is a ginglymus, which is just another name for a hinge-joint. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna bones of the forearm. The 'elbow' describes the region surrounding the elbow-joint. The bony bit at the very tip of the elbow is the upper end of the forearm ulna bone (if your arms are hanging downwards!) and is called the olecranon. This end area of the ulna, when your arm is bent, sticks out a bit, and it is also known as the 'funny bone'. When you knock it on something it really hurts! That's not really very funny at all, is it?. However, it is not the bone that you are actually hitting, it is the ulnar nerve, which runs along that part of the body. It is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body. It is being hit against the bone underneath and this causes a short sharp pain. The term elbow is in common use.

If you visited a doctor and used the word elbow, he would probably know to which part of your body you were referring!

Question: What is the common name for the part of the human bone with the comparatively unprotected ulnar nerve?
Answer: Funny Bone