roulette | gambling game | Britannica.com gambling game gambling Roulette, (from French: “small wheel”), gambling game in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel. It is played in casinos worldwide. Roulette is a banking game, and all bets are placed against the bank—that is, the house , or the proprietor of the game. As a big-time betting game, it has had its popularity superseded in the United States and the Caribbean islands by others, notably craps , blackjack , and poker . The ball pockets are alternately red and black on the roulette wheel, with the exception of a green … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Fanciful stories about the origin of roulette include its invention by the 17th-century French mathematician Blaise Pascal , by a French monk, and by the Chinese, from whom it was supposedly transmitted to France by Dominican monks.

In reality, roulette was derived in France in the early 18th century from the older games hoca and portique, and it is first mentioned under its current name in 1716 in Bordeaux. Following several modifications, roulette achieved its present layout and wheel structure about 1790, after which it rapidly gained status as the leading game in the casinos and gambling houses of Europe. During the years 1836 to 1933, roulette was banned in France. Equipment The roulette table is composed of two sections, the wheel itself and the betting layout, better known as the roulette layout. There are two styles of roulette tables. One has a single betting layout with the roulette wheel at one end, and the other has two layouts with the wheel in the centre. The wheel spins horizontally. Heading the layout design, which is printed on green baize, is a space containing the figure 0 (European style) or the figures 0 and 00 (American style, although such wheels were used also in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries).

The main portion of the design is composed of 36 consecutively numbered rectangular spaces, alternately coloured red and black and arranged in three columns of 12 spaces each, beginning with 1 at the top and concluding with 36 at the bottom. Directly below the numbers are three blank spaces (on some layouts these are marked “2 to 1” and are located on the players’ side of the table). On either side of these or along one side of the columns are rectangular spaces marked “1st 12,” “2nd 12,” and “3rd 12” on American-style layouts. On European-style layouts these terms are “12p” (première), “12m” (milieu), and “12d” (dernière douzaine). Six more spaces are marked “red” (rouge), “black” (noir), “even” (pair), “odd” (impair), “1–18” (low, or manque), and “19–36” (high, or passe).

The ball pockets are alternately red and black on the roulette wheel, with the exception of a green … Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. loo The roulette wheel consists of a solid wooden disk slightly convex in shape. Around its rim are metal partitions known as separators or frets, and the compartments or pockets between these are called canoes by roulette croupiers. Thirty-six of these compartments, painted alternately red and black, are numbered nonconsecutively from 1 to 36. On European-style wheels a 37th compartment, painted green, carries the sign 0, and on American wheels two green compartments on opposite sides of the wheel carry the signs 0 and 00. The wheel, its spindle perfectly balanced, spins smoothly in an almost frictionless manner. The standard roulette table employs up to 10 sets of wheel checks (usually called chips). Each set is differently coloured; each traditionally consists of 300 chips; and there is one set for each player. The chips usually have a single basic value, although some casinos also sell chips of lesser value. The colour of the chips indicates the player, not the value of the chips.

If a player wishes to buy chips of slightly higher value, the croupier places a marker indicating that value on top of the table’s stack of chips of the colour corresponding to the chips purchased. Most casinos also have high-value chips that can be wagered at any gaming table. Unlike roulette chips, these have their numbered values printed on them.

Bets Methane Surge Worries Scientists It is possible to place the following bets in roulette: (1) straight, or single-number (en plein), in which the chips are placed squarely on one number of the layout, including 0 (and also 00 on American layouts), so that the chips do not touch any of the lines enclosing the number; a winning single-number bet pays 35 to 1 (for each unit bet, a winning player receives his original bet and 35 matching units); (2) split, or 2-number (à cheval), in which the chips are placed on any line separating any two numbers; if either wins, payoff odds are 17 to 1; (3) street, or 3-number (transversale pleine), in which the chips are placed on the outside line of the layout, betting the three numbers opposite the chips; payoff odds on any of the three numbers are 11 to 1; (4) square, quarter, corner, or 4-number (en carré), in which the chips are placed on the intersection of the lines between any four numbers; payoff odds are 8 to 1; (5) line, or 6-number (six

aine or transversale six), in which the chips are placed on the intersection of the sideline and a line between two “streets”; payoff odds are 5 to 1; (6) column (colonne), or 12-number, in which the chips are placed on one of the three blank spaces (some layouts have three squares, marked “1st,” “2nd,” and “3rd”) at the bottom of the layout, thus betting the 12 numbers above the space; payoff odds are 2 to 1; (7) dozens (douzaine), or 12-number, in which the chips are placed on one of the spaces of the layout marked “12,” betting the numbers 1–12, 13–24, or 25–36; payoff odds are 2 to 1; (8) low-number or high-number, in which the chips are placed on the layout space marked “1–18” (manque) or on the space marked “19–36” (passe); payoff is even money; (9) black or red, in which the chips are placed on a space of the layout marked “black” (no

ir) or on a space marked “red” (rouge; some layouts have a large black or red diamond-shaped design instead of the words); payoff is even money; (10) odd-number or even-number, in which the chips are placed on the space of the layout marked “odd” (impair) or on the space marked “even” (pair); payoff is even money.

Connect with Britannica Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Pinterest On layouts with a single zero (European style), the 0 may be included in a 2-number bet with any adjoining number, in a 3-number bet with 1 and 2 or with 2 and 3, and in a 4-number bet with 1, 2, and 3 at the regular odds for these bets. With the American-style 0 and 00, a 5-number line bet also is possible, the player placing his chips on the corner intersection of the line separating the 1, 2, 3 from the 0 and 00, with payoff odds of 6 to 1. The play Chess Master: Fact or Fiction? The game begins when one of the croupiers (dealers) in attendance calls for the players to make their bets, which they do by placing chips on the spaces of the layout on any number, group, or classification they hope will win. The croupier usually starts the wheel spinning in a counterclockwise direction and then spins a small ivory or plastic ball onto the bowl’s back track in the opposite direction.

Players may continue to place bets while the wheel and ball are in motion until the ball slows down and is about to drop off the back track, at which time one of the croupiers announces that no more bets may be made. When the ball falls and comes to rest between any two metal partitions of the wheel, it marks the winning number (or a 0 or 00), the winning colour, and any other permitted bet that pertains to a winning number or symbol. The dealer immediately announces the winning number and its colour and places a special marker on the corresponding number on the layout. He first collects all losing bets, not disturbing the chips that are resting on winning spaces, and then pays off any winning bets. House odds Editor Picks: Exploring 10 Types of Basketball Movies When using the American-style wheel with the 0 and 00, the advantage (“vigorish”) for the bank rises to an extra 2 parts in 38, or about 5.26 percent of all bets. The only exception is the 5-number line bet, where the house advantage is about 7.89 percent.

Roulette as played in locations other than the United States and the Caribbean is the same except that the wheel and layout contain only a single zero (0). This reduces the bank’s advantage to about 2.7 percent. In some casinos when 0 appears, all even-money bets—red, black, odd, even, high, low—are en prison (“imprisoned”). On the next spin of the wheel, if 0 appears again, the house collects half of each imprisoned bet; if not, it collects all losing bets and returns the original bets to any winners. With this rule the bank’s advantage on even-money bets is reduced to about 1.35 percent. Systems Countless betting systems have been devised in order to beat the wheel. Most of these systems centre around the even-money bets. Modern mathematical theory, as well as over two centuries of practical playing, however, have conclusively demonstrated that it is impossible to beat roulette with any sort of betting system. Because the bank retains an advantage on any kind of bet, in the long run it does not matter how a player combines or varies his bets.

In practice, most betting systems redistribute the amounts of the wins and losses: an increase in the chance of winning is balanced against a greater loss once it does occur, as it will sooner or later. The oldest and most common betting system is the martingale, or doubling-up, system on even-money bets, in which bets are doubled progressively after each loss until a win occurs. This system probably dates back to the invention of the roulette wheel. Two other well-known systems, also based on even-money bets, are the d’Alembert system (based on theorems of the French mathematician Jean Le Rond d’Alembert ), in which the player increases his bets by one unit after each loss but decreases it by one unit after each win, and the Labouchere system (devised by the British politician Henry Du Pré Labouchere , although the basis for it was invented by the 18th-century French philosopher Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet ), in which the player increases or decreases his bets according to a certain combination of numbers chosen in advance.

Computer simulations have demonstrated that the Labouchere system wins more than 95 percent of the time but, during the remaining 5 percent of the time, loses more than the accumulated wins, which proves that it cannot overcome the house advantage. As Albert Einstein observed, “The only way to beat roulette is to steal the money when the dealer’s not looking.” Trending Topics Scipio Africanus the Elder However, two methods constitute a very real risk to casinos. One is “wheel clocking”—recording a long sequence of spins in the hopes of identifying a roulette wheel that has developed mechanical faults and imbalances severe enough to distort the distribution of winning numbers. Such “worn” wheels have been known to cost casinos large sums of money. Modern casinos use electronic sensors and computers to monitor their roulette wheels for any discrepancies in the expected probabilities and replace them long before they become worn enough to affect their profits. The other method involves timing the rotations of the wheel and ball once they are set in motion, after which a microcomputer is used to calculate the section of the wheel the ball is likely to land in.

Practical experiments in the late 1970s showed that a team of players can enjoy an advantage of 30 percent or more against the casino in this fashion, though only after considerable practice. (Similarly, computers have been used by players in casinos to keep track of cards already dealt in blackjack .) Computers as betting aids were outlawed in Nevada casinos in 1985, and all casinos now have regulations against their use, although teams of players using electronic equipment continue to be exposed from time to time. roulette - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) Roulette (from French: "small wheel") is a gambling game in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel. Roulette emerged in the 18th century in the casinos of Europe, and today it is played in casinos worldwide. All bets are placed against the "house," or casino bank. Bets may be made until the ball slows down and is about to drop from its track into a compartment.

Bets may be on a single number or various combinations of numbers that pay off at lesser odds if the winner is among them. Betting that red or black or that an odd or even number will come up are other options. (See also gambling.) Article Contributors Roulette | Define Roulette at Dictionary.com roulette noun 1. a game of chance played at a table marked off with numbers from 1 to 36, one or two zeros, and several other sections affording the players a variety of betting opportunities, and having in the center a revolving, dishlike device (roulette wheel) into which a small ball is spun to come to rest finally in one of the 37 or 38 compartments, indicating the winning number and its characteristics, as odd or even, red or black, and between 1 and 18 or 19 and 36. 2. a small wheel, especially one with sharp teeth, mounted in a handle, for making lines of marks, dots, or perforations: engravers' roulettes; a roulette for perforating sheets of postage stamps. 3. Philately. a row of short cuts, in which no paper is removed, made between individual stamps to permit their ready separation.

verb (used with object), rouletted, rouletting. 4. to mark, impress, or perforate with a roulette. Origin of roulette Roulette - Origins, History and info on Roulette or Roly Poly Where to play Possible Roulette Origins As with many games, there are competing theories as to the origin of Roulette. The most popular is that it was invented in 1655 by a French scientist called Blaise Pascal during his monastic retreat and first played in a casino in Paris. The second is very similar and simply says that it was invented by a random French monk to alleviate the monotony of simple monastery life. The third theory is that French Dominican monks invented Roulette, basing it upon an old Tibetan game in which the object was to arrange 37 animal statuettes into a magic number square of 666. The Tibetan game apparently came from China but unfortunately, the method of play is not recorded. The monks apparently created the game by transposing the 37 statuettes to the number 0 to 36 and arranging them randomly around the rim of a revolving wheel.

Of the 3 theories above, the third seems to lack any evidence but, cutting through the chaff, the common theme is that the game was invented in a monastery in France and it would seem reasonable to assume this is based in truth. Whether the actual monk inventor was Blaise Pascal is more open. Ancestors of Roulette? Roulette in French means "Small Wheel" which again points back to a French origin of the game. However, if you read the many websites out there with a summary history of Roulette, they almost all point to supposed ancestors that are English, namely: "Roly Poly", "Ace of hearts" and "Even-Odd" and Italian, namely "Biribi" and "Hoca". They all say the same thing because they all just copy what they find on Wikipedia which is quite often incorrect. Let's look at the hypothesised ancestors in slightly more detail. Here is an extract from the memoirs of Casanova dated 1763: "Just then all the great ladies were mad over 'biribi', a regular cheating game. It was strictly forbidden at Genoa, but this only made it more popular".

It appears that 3 numbers were picked out of a bag each turn and Casanova goes on to say "The board had thirty-six compartments, and if one lost, one paid thirty-two times the amount of the stake; this, of course, was an enormous advantage for the bank." As can be seen although there are a couple of similarities, no ball or wheel means a distant cousin is more likely than an ancestor in this author's view. Hoca appears to have been a game played with cards with thirty points and thirty balls and was probably more of a lottery card game than something like roulette. "Ace of Hearts" according to "Games, Gaming and Gamester's Law" by Brandt was another name for Bone-Ace, a game clearly described by Charles Cotton. This is just a gambling card game of the simplest sort whereby players bet on the value of the card that the dealer will turn up. It doesn't appear to be similar to roulette. Above is an antique EO Table. To the right is a Thomas Rowlandson cartoon of the period showing a bit of a cuffuffle around such a table.

Even-Odd, on the other hand, was a game with a wheel and a ball just like roulette but instead of numbers there were just 20 sections marked E for Even and 20 marked O for Odd. Instead of a zero, a portion of the sections were allocated for the house. The game seems to have become rapidly very popular in the 1770s until it was banned by statute around 1782. This then is an obvious possible candidate for an ancestor of the game of roulette. However, there are unfortunately, no references to it prior to those of Roulette. So the only way that E.O. is the ancestor of Roulette is if it was went by another name - i.e. Roly Poly.... Roly Poly is either an alternative name for E.O. or an alternative name for Roulette, depending upon source and interpretation. See below for a discussion on this. If it is an alternative name for Roulette then there is no known ancestor of Roulette. However, if Roly Poly is one and the same as E.O., then E.O. is probably an ancestor of Roulette. Earliest viable evidence of Roulette Documentary evidence indicates that the game of roulette sprung up in the 18th century.

Like many games, the earliest mentions are in legal documents banning the game. One appeared in regulations for the new country of "New France", later renamed to Canada. The decree, dated 1758, specifically prohibits the playing of ""dice, hoca, faro, and roulette." The English Act 18 Geo. II has the earliest mention of the word at 1745 and stated "And whereas as certain pernicious game called Roulet or Roly-Poly is daily practised"... "no place shall be kept for the playing of the said game of Roulet or Roly-poly".... To the left is a cartoon of a Roulette game c.1800. The earliest mention of E.O. is at about the same time - in 1750. Interestingly, Strutt in 1801 mentions both E.O. and "Roulet" but "E.O. tables of today" are mentioned in passing and it's clear that it is a well known game whereas "Roulet" is only quoted from an earlier law and Strutt, who let's face it knew a lot about the games of England, deduces it incorrectly to be a card game.

A sporting magazine from around the same time (1808) refers to "Roulet" as a "foreign game". This author deduces that Roulette had either disappeared or become very rare in England at the start of the 1800s and was effectively replaced by E.O. for a time. By the mid 1800s though, Roulette had returned to England and a Hoyle from 1875 describes roulette but E.O. is not mentioned so the situation seems to have been reversed three-quarters of a century later. What is Roly Poly? The earliest mention in the OED of any of these games is is from 1713 Arbuthnot John Bull "let us begin some Diversion; what d'ye think of Rouly~pouly, or a Country Dance?" but this should be dismissed because Arbuthnot was Scottish and the 1894 edition of Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable tells us that "In some parts of Scotland the game of nine-pins is called rouly-pouly".

So the earliest genuine mention is from 1730 in a Letter from the Countess of Suffolk we have "the Duchess of Marlborough takes to losing her money at roly-poly". Which gives us no information about the details of the game. A book called "The Fatal Effects of Gambling", 1824 has a section entitled "Description of the newly introduced game of Roulette or Roly Poly" and Act 18 Geo II of 1745 also refers to "Roulet or Roly-Poly" which implies they are one and the same game. But in "Amusements of old London Vol.1, Boulton says that E.O. was "introduced from the continent"... "About the time that whist was becoming popular" - he earlier says occurred around 1742 and then goes on to say "Roly Poly, as the game was popularly called...". If he was right that Roly Poly is E.O., then E.O.

would have a claim to be the ancestor of Roulette but the introduction of Roly Poly at this time seems to be contradicted by the fact that it was a well-known game in 1730 and so the credibility of the statement looks shaky. So, this author concludes that it is most likely that Roulette came to England from France in the early 1700s where it was initially known only as Roly Poly. After it was banned in 1745, the similar game of E.O. was appeared to get around those laws and Roulette / Roly Poly had virtually disappeared by 1800 having been effectivley replaced by E.O. But E.O. in turn had died out in favour of a resurgent roulette by 1875. Roulette Basics A roulette wheel consists of a wheel like that pictured to the right that revolves inside a bowl around which a ball rolls until eventually ball and wheel come to rest with the ball in one of the 38 (or on modern European/Latin American tables, 37) divisions around the edge of the wheel.

Prior to rolling the ball, people place bets on what number will come up by laying down chips on a betting mat, the precise location of the chips indicating the bet being made. Roulette is a game of French origin and on a traditional table, the French terms on the betting area are still used even in English speaking areas. However, on most US tables, English terms and a slightly different style of mat are used. Much of the interest in Roulette derives from the the number of different bets and associated odds that can be made. Here is a list: Evens - Rouge (red number), Noir (black number), Pair (even number), Impair (odd number), Manque (1 - 18), Passe (19 - 36). Incidentally, Passe is so named because the ball has "passed" the centrepoint. Manque is French for "failed" and is used because the ball has failed to pass 18. 2 to 1 - "Le Douze". Twelve first numbers, Twelve middle numbers, Twelve last numbers. Place bet in one of the squares marked accordingly. 2 to 1 - A column of twelve numbers.

The stake is placed in the square at the end of one of the three columns of twelve numbers. 6 to 1 - A set of 6 numbers. Place the stake on the intersection of the edge of two rows of three numbers to bet on the 6 numbers in those 2 rows. 9 to 1 - "Carre en pleine". A set of four numbers. Place the stake at the intersection of the square of four numbers to be bet upon. 12 to 1 - "Carre simple". A row of three numbers. Place the stake over the line forming the end of the row of three numbers to be bet upon. 18 to 1 "En Chaval". Two numbers. Place the stake across the line dividing the two numbers to be bet upon. 35 to 1. A single number. Place the stake in the box showing the number concerned. It is allowable to bet on zero or double zero. Ironically or perhaps prophetically, the sum of the numbers on a roulette wheel is 666, which is the number of the beast (the devil) in the Bible's book of revelation.

Roulette Zeros and the Banker's edge It is often said that the "double zero" wheel was invented in America. This is rubbish - the original roulette wheel of modern times as played in France around the turn of the century (1800) has both zeros and the Americans simply used that wheel. Apparently in 1842, fellow Frenchmen Franï¿½ois and Louis Blanc created a new-style wheel with only the single zero and the game quickly became popular but both wheels were in existence in France and Europe until the 20th century. French roulette as described by at the end of the Victorian era, has both the zero and the "double zero". The zero was coloured red and also counted as "Pair" and "Manque"; the double zero was black and also counted as "Impair" and "Passe". If the ball fell into one of these numbers, all lost stakes were taken by the bank but if the bet was matched by virtue of being Pair, Impair, Rouge, Noir, Passe or Manque, instead of being won, the stake was imprisoned until the next spin of the wheel.

On that subsequent turn, the stake is either lost or if the ball matches the bet again, the stake is merely returned to the gambler without any profit. Pictured is the classic French roulette table from a book on games dated 1903. Obviously, these two extra numbers are the primary factor giving the bank the edge over an extended period of time. On the one hand, as the ball is bound to fall into one of the zeros twice every 38 balls, this gives the bank a profit of 1/38 (around over 2.5%). But just as importantly, if you look closely at the odds given above, it can be seen straight away that they also are skewed in the bank's favour. For instance, a single number stake pays odds of 35 to 1, but clearly as there are 38 compartments that the ball can fall into, the correct odds are in fact 37 to 1. Over time, this gives the bank 2/37 or over 5% of all money staked on specific numbers or groups of numbers. The Evolution of Zero These days zeros are not coloured red or black but a clearly distinguishing green.

In Latin America and Europe, Roulette is the most popular casino game and the reason for this is that the wheels in Monte Carlo, Deauville, San Remo, London and elsewhere in these countries have only the single zero which means that the cut taken by the Casino is pretty reasonable. T There are 2 variants of European roulette. Those casinos playing the "En Prison" rule have kept something of the old game - if the ball lands on zero, and only if your bet was an evens stake, the bet is imprisoned and the result determined on the next spin. If it lands on zero twice, the imprisoned bets are lost. Alternatively, premises playing the "La partage" rule simply return to the gambler half the stake when a zero turns up. The pictures show the standard modern French and American roulette styles of mat. In North America and the Caribbean, roulette wheels have a double zero, like the original French game and worse, all bets (except a direct bet on the selected zero) are lost when either zero turns up. This gives significantly worse odds for the punter and thus increases the cut made by the Casino over time. This is probably why in this region, Roulette is the third most played casino game after Craps and Black Jack.

Free printable rules of Roulette here. Where to buy You can buy small plastic cheap Roulette sets from many toy and games shops. There aren't really any High street stores that specialise in the game. On the Internet, Masters Traditional Games has an extensive roulette range. Where to Play Roulette Roulette is a fashionable game and a multi-million dollar Internet gambling industry, and there are dozens of online Roulette websites such as CasinosOnline.com that lists reputable online casinos for roulette and popular casino software providers. Aside from that you can visit a real life casino or buy a home roulette set - proper roulette is played with money but children can just use matches or chocolates! roulette - WordReference.com Dictionary of English roulette WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2017 rou•lette /ruˈlɛt/USA pronunciation n. [ uncountable ] Gamesa game of chance in which a small ball is spun on a dishlike device (rouˈlette ˌwheel) , with players betting on which of the slots the ball will rest.

WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2017 rou•lette (ro̅o̅ let′),USA pronunciation n., v., -let•ted, -let•ting. n. Gamesa game of chance played at a table marked off with numbers from 1 to 36, one or two zeros, and several other sections affording the players a variety of betting opportunities, and having in the center a revolving, dishlike device(roulette′ wheel′) into which a small ball is spun to come to rest finally in one of the 37 or 38 compartments, indicating the winning number and its characteristics, as odd or even, red or black, and between 1 and 18 or 19 and 36. Printinga small wheel, esp. one with sharp teeth, mounted in a handle, for making lines of marks, dots, or perforations:engravers' roulettes; a roulette for perforating sheets of postage stamps. Stamps[Philately.]a row of short cuts, in which no paper is removed, made between individual stamps to permit their ready separation. v.t. to mark, impress, or perforate with a roulette.

French, diminutive of rouelle wheel. See rowel 1725–35 Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: roulette /ruːˈlɛt/ n a gambling game in which a ball is dropped onto a spinning horizontal wheel divided into 37 or 38 coloured and numbered slots, with players betting on the slot into which the ball will fall a toothed wheel for making a line of perforations a curve generated by a point on one curve rolling on another vb (transitive) to use a roulette on (something), as in engraving, making stationery, etc Etymology: 18th Century: from French, from rouelle a little wheel, from roue a wheel, from Latin rota 'roulette' also found in these entries: The Best Casino Games in Nottingham | Alea Nottingham Three Card Poker The best gaming experience in town Whether you’re a novice or an experienced gamer, we are all about creating the perfect casino experience for you Set over a single, open-plan floor in a relaxed, friendly atmosphere, we offer the best casino games in the business – from Blackjack to American Roulette – spread across 17 professional tables.

There are also 26 Electronic games and 20 Slots, including new state-of-the art, exclusive Novomatic VIP Slot machines – complete with controls in the armrests. We even have a dedicated Poker Room with regular tournaments for all, and an exclusive, invitation-only luxury High Stakes VIP Area with Blackjack and Roulette tables (which can also be booked out for private hire ). Whichever game you choose to play, you can be safe in the knowledge you’re being looked after by the best professionals in the gaming business. And if you get hungry or thirsty while in the thick of the action, we’ve got an experienced valet team on hand to serve you tasty bar food and your favourite tipple. Roulette 5. Roulette The Roulette Wheel According to Richard Epstein , roulette is the oldest casino game still in operation. It's invention has been variously attributed to Blaise Pascal , the Italian mathematician Don Pasquale, and several others. In any event, the roulette wheel was first introduced into Paris in 1765. Here are the characteristics of the wheel: The (American) has 38 slots numbered 00, 0, and 1–36.

Slots 0, 00 are green; Slots 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32, 34, 36 are red; Slots 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35 are black. Except for 0 and 00, the slots on the wheel alternate between red and black. The strange order of the numbers on the wheel is intended so that high and low numbers, as well as odd and even numbers, tend to alternate. A typical roulette wheel and table The roulette experiment is very simple. The wheel is spun and then a small ball is rolled in a groove, in the opposite direction as the motion of the wheel. Eventually the ball falls into one of the slots.

Naturally, we assume mathematically that the wheel is fair, so that the random variable \(X\) that gives the slot number of the ball is uniformly distributed over the sample space \(S = \{00, 0, 1, \ldots, 36\}\). Thus, \(\P(X = x) = \frac{1}{38}\) for each \(x \in S\). Bets As with craps , roulette is a popular casino game because of the rich variety of bets that can be made. The picture above shows the roulette table and indicates some of the bets we will study. All bets turn out to have the same expected value (negative, of course). However, the variances differ depending on the bet. Although all bets in roulette have the same expected value, the standard deviations vary inversely with the number of numbers selected. What are the implications of this for the gambler? Straight Bets (or a split bet ) is a bet on two adjacent numbers in the roulette table. The bet pays \(17 : 1\). Let \(W\) denote the winnings on a unit split bet.

Then \(\P(W = -1) = \frac{18}{19}\), \(\P(W = 17) = \frac{1}{19}\) \(\E(W) = -\frac{1}{19} \approx -0.0526\) \(\sd(W) \approx 4.0193\) In the roulette experiment , select the 2 number bet. Run the simulation 1000 times and compare the empirical density function and moments of \(W\) to the true probability density function and moments. Suppose that you bet $1 on each of the 1000 games. What would your net winnings be? Three Number Bets (or row bet ) is a bet on the three numbers in a vertical row on the roulette table. The bet pays \(11 : 1\). Let \(W\) denote the winnings on a unit row bet.

Then \(\P(W = -1) = \frac{35}{38}\), \(\P(W = 11) = \frac{3}{38}\) \(\E(W) = -\frac{1}{19} \approx -0.0526\) \(\sd(W) \approx 3.2359\) In the roulette experiment , select the 3-number bet. Run the simulation 1000 times and compare the empirical density function and moments of \(W\) to the true probability density function and moments. Suppose that you bet $1 on each of the 1000 games. What would your net winnings be? Four Number Bets or a square bet is a bet on the four numbers that form a square on the roulette table. The bet pays \(8 : 1\). Let \(W\) denote the winnings on a unit 4-number bet.

Then \(\P(W = -1) = \frac{17}{19}\), \(\P(W = 8) = \frac{2}{19}\) \(\E(W) = -\frac{1}{19} \approx -0.0526\) \(\sd(W) \approx 2.7620\) In the roulette experiment , select the 4-number bet. Run the simulation 1000 times and compare the empirical density function and moments of \(W\) to the true probability density function and moments. Suppose that you bet $1 on each of the 1000 games. What would your net winnings be? Six Number Bets or 2-row bet is a bet on the 6 numbers in two adjacent rows of the roulette table. The bet pays \(5 : 1\). Let \(W\) denote the winnings on a unit 6-number bet.

Then \(\P(W = -1) = \frac{16}{19}\), \(\P(W = 5) = \frac{3}{19}\) \(\E(W) = -\frac{1}{19} \approx -0.0526\) \(\sd(W) \approx 2.1879\) In the roulette experiment , select the 6-number bet. Run the simulation 1000 times and compuare the empirical density function and moments of \(W\) to the true probability density function and moments. Suppose that you bet $1 on each of the 1000 games. What would your net winnings be? Twelve Number Bets is a bet on the odd numbers from 1 to 36 or the even numbers from 1 to 36. The low bet is a bet on the numbers 1-18, and the high bet is the bet on the numbers from 19-36. An 18-number bet pays \(1 : 1\). Let \(W\) denote the winnings on a unit 18-number bet.

Then \(\P(W = -1) = \frac{10}{19}\), \(\P(W = 1) = \frac{9}{19}\) \(\E(W) = -\frac{1}{19} \approx -0.0526\) \(\sd(W) \approx 0.9986\) In the roulette experiment , select the 18-number bet. Run the simulation 1000 times and compare the empirical density function and moments of \(W\) to the true probability density function and moments. Suppose that you bet $1 on each of the 1000 games. What would your net winnings be? ROULETTE WHEEL | Colors | Numbers | Layout | Sequence Roulette W heel 's The European roulette wheel is the same as the French roulette wheel The European roulette wheel is the most played game of online roulette games because of its lower house edge (2.7%). European / French Roulette Wheel shown. The French roulette wheel is a contrasting theme of reds and blacks, broken by a single green slot.

There are 37 numbered compartments from 0 to 36, though no ordered numerical sequence is adopted, there is a correlation between the color and whether a number is odd or even. As there are '8 RED EVEN' and '10 RED ODD' and in comparison '8 BLACK ODD' and '10 BLACK EVEN' roulette wheel/table numbers. French and European roulette wheels have only one green coloured slot, the zero number. Each number changes color repeatedly between the roulette signature colors of red and black. American roulette wheel The American roulette wheel has an extra green compartment for a double zero '00' number. Shown in the picture below. Double Zero '00' the extra compartment added to the American roulette wheel, diagonally opposes the single zero '0'. But the extra double zero isn't the only modification made. The American roulette wheels number sequence in comparison to the European/French wheel, is completely different too. Though each numbers color hasn't changed i.e. black 22 is still black 22 in both wheel types.

The frenetic randomness of the French wheel sequence is less so in the American wheel with regards to diagonally opposing numbers bearing some relation to each other like 1 and 2 oppose each other, the pattern continues up to 35 opposing 36 possibly done this way as the zero and double zero face one another to bring about a pleasing symmetry when in designing the American roulette wheel. with the Best Chance The Roulette Wheel with the single green slot marked as a [0], is of the European and French Roulette wheel games. Compare this to the American Roulette Wheel which has one more green slot on the wheel marked as a [00] and you can see that your chances of winning are reduced by this additional green slot. The Casino has nearly a 3 percent advantage over the player with the Roulette Wheel pictured on the left and just over a 5 percent advantage with the American Roulette Wheel. Playing online you have the choice of both wheels. How To Play Roulette | Strategy | Rules | Odds | Tutorial | History History – How To Play – Rules – Odds – Strategy Roulette is one of the most popular table casino games in history and entire casinos and gambling venues are based around it.

Roulette is a game of pure luck and does not include any skill or any decision making. The only decision roulette players will make is placing their wagers, and they will do that before the game begins. Wagers are placed on random numbers and are paid if the roulette ball lands on the number or the bet they chose, so it is a matter of pure luck. There is no need to be a professional or an experienced gambler. The game consists of a roulette wheel, a wooden wheel that contains 37 or 38 slots. The zero (and double zero in America) slot is green, while the number slots (from 1 to 36) alternate between black and red. The second part is the roulette ball that spins on that wooden wheel until it lands in a particular slot to reveal the winning number for that round. The wagering area is usually found on a green piece of cloth right next to the wheel. It is where players will place their chips and choose the numbers and bets that they wish to place their stakes on. Roulette History Meaning “Little Wheel” in French, Roulette is considered one of the oldest casino games in history, dating all the way back to the wheel-based games in China and Ancient Rome.

The roulette wheel of today was invented in France, by Blaise Pascal in the 17th century. Pascal was a French mathematician who wanted to create a gambling game that would spin and the winner would be decided according to the landing spot of a small object (the roulette ball). The game spread across Europe and it flourished specifically in Germany for a while. The true success of the game was in Monaco, as roulette was the foundation of the gambling empire in the city of Monte Carlo. Modern roulette owes its origins to Louis and François Blanc in 1842. They invented the French roulette wheel that contains 37 numbers, including a zero. The zero was introduced to increase the advantage of the casino so the game did not end up being a losing proposition to the casinos offering it. The brothers spread the game throughout Germany until gambling there was banned. It was at this point that Louis and François were introduced to King Charles. King Charles desperately needed to alleviate the financial woes that were dominating his kingdom and he had the Blanc brothers create a casino for his people. In return, the roulette table became a great source of income for the kingdom. Roulette soon gained popularity and became the main symbol of Monte Carlo’s casino culture.

Years later, the game made its way across the Atlantic ocean and it started to spread in the Unites States where it proved to be very popular as well, especially during the Gold Rush. With a booming economy, the rich were drawn to roulette becoming high rollers. The popularity of the game increased incredibly. As a result, casinos decided to increase their edge and advantage once more with the introduction of the double zero slot. This is the only American contribution to roulette history. Today, the French version of roulette, the single “0″, can be found in European casinos and the American version of roulette, the double “00″, can be found in such places as Las Vegas and Atlantic City. Currently, Roulette is more popular in Europe, mainly because of the better odds it predicts based on the one “0″ vs. double “00″ difference. Of course, in the online gambling world, players can enjoy either one of these versions, regardless of their location. Online casinos have even created a number of other unique roulette versions of their own for players to try out. How to Play Roulette The roulette game, like any other casino table game, starts with players placing their wagers.

Since all the wagers will be put on the same wagering area, with the probability of more than one player placing the same wager, players will have to purchase different chips. These chips have different colors so each player’s chips can be easily identified. These special roulette chips can only be purchased and cashed at the roulette table, which is why players should cash their winnings at the table before leaving. The chips cannot be cashed in at the cashier. After players get their colored chips, they will start the game by placing wagers. Players will place wagers by putting the desired number of chips on the numbers or the different bets that the game offers. The wagering area, which is a big piece of green cloth on a table, includes all of the different numbers and bets the game has. While they are placing these chips the dealer, or croupier, will throw the roulette ball on the roulette wheel in the opposite direction it is spinning. While the ball is spinning, players will be able to change their wagers, retract them or place new ones.

Once the ball starts to slow down, the croupier will say loudly “No More Bets Please.” At this point all of the wagers that are on the roulette table’s wagering area are final and players are not permitted to change, retract or place new bets. After the ball lands on any of the numbers, it will be declared as the winning number. The croupier will then place a small glass object that is called a dolly on the winning number. He will then start to pay players their winnings if they have placed winning bets while taking the losing bets. Of course, the croupier will pay players in their own color so they can use these chips to place more bets on the table. While the dealer is paying the winning bets and taking in the losing bets, players are not permitted to place new wagers or touch their chips. After all is done and paid, the dealer will signal players that they can start placing wagers again. They will start placing wagers and the same procedure is repeated spin after spin. The different bets that are available pay differently according to the odds of each bet. The bets that have a higher chance and better odds will pay less than the bets that have bad odds.

This is why the highest payout is paid by the bet that has the worst odds, which is the straight number bet as players have a 1/37 or a 1/38 chance of winning. This is why it pays a lot for players to know the different bets and their payouts before they engage in a roulette game. Roulette Rules Roulette is pretty simple and straightforward, but the game does come with a set of rules and etiquette that players have to know before they start placing chips at the table. Here are some of these important rules: Players are not permitted to move any of their chips or even touch them once the croupier says no more bets. Once the dealer places the dolly object on the winning number, players should not move or touch the chips before he removes it to signal a new round. Players cannot use a camera or cell phones at the table as all electronics are prohibited. Players can only put cigarettes, drinks, money or chips on the roulette table. Changing chips or cash can only be done between roulette spins and not during the game play. Players who want to place called bets will say it and if the dealer is not busy, he will accept them.

These bets are only official if the croupier repeats them in a loud voice. The seats at the table are only for players who have bets on the table. This will happen if there is only 1 player sitting at the roulette table. Players who want to sit at the table have to place bets. Players can only start to place new bets once the dealer clears all of the losing wagers and has paid all of the winning ones from the last spin. Players will then be given time to place wagers and then he will start to spin the next round. Of course, most of these rules do not exist in the online gambling world. At online casinos, roulette is a single player game where players will have the roulette table for themselves. There are no croupiers, no other players and no colored chips. Playing roulette online is much easier and simpler in than land based roulette. You can find plenty of different roulette versions at most online casinos, including the two most commonly played ones, American Roulette, and French Roulette. Some casinos may even offer innovative versions of roulette, created just for the online gambling world. For example, the mini roulette game is an optional game containing only half of the numbers that are found on a normal wheel of roulette.

There is also multi-wheel roulette versions that enable players to place wagers on up to 8 roulette wheels at the same time as each wheel spins separately. Some of these innovative games have their own rules and payouts, so we advise you to check the rules and payout tables of each game before playing. These rules can be viewed by clicking on “Rules” or “View Rules” at the roulette game. Likewise, remember these games may also have their own house edge and payouts. Roulette Odds The odds of the roulette wheel depend on what version of the game is being played. Different versions have different setups, and thus have different odds and a different house edge. House edge is the advantage the casino has over the players and is the percentage of chips that are taken from the winnings of players. For French roulette, the single zero roulette version, the house advantage or edge is 2.7 percent. For American roulette, the double zero version, it is 5.26 percent and is equal 7.9 percent on the 5-number bet (0-00-1-2-3). A lot of players prefer to play French roulette because it has a lower house edge.

French roulette has better odds than American roulette also because it has one zero, which means that for a straight number bet, players have a 1/37 chance of winning. American roulette has 38 number slots, so for a straight number bet the chance is 1/38 instead of 1/37. This shows the odds are primarily affected by the version of roulette being played but also are affected by the bet itself. As noted earlier, different bets have different odds. Reds/Blacks: This bet is placed on Red or Black and, since the table contains 18 blacks and 18 reds plus 1 or 2 green spots, the odds are almost 50:50. This is why the bet pays even money (1 : 1). Even/Odd: Llike the last bet, the odds are 50:50 and it pays even money. Straight number bet: Players will place a wager on a specific number and will be paid 35 to 1 since players have a 1/37 or 1/38 chance of winning this bet. Three number bets, also called a street bet, pays eleven to one.

The 6 number bet pays five to one. The 2 number bet pays seventeen to one. A column or a dozen bet pays two to one. There are certain rules that can affect these odds. These rules are not implemented in every casino. Some of these rules include: The En Prison Rule (In Prison): This rule is applied on the bets that pay even money, such as odds/evens, blacks/reds and 1st half/2nd half. If players place any of these bets and the ball lands on the zero, the player will be able to take half of his bet or keep it all for the next spin. If the ball lands on zero again during the next spin, the entire bet will be lost. The La Partage Rule: This rule is quite similar to the previous rule but players will lose half the bet. The second option, to keep the bets for a second spin, is not available. These two rules cut down the edge of the house on even money bets down to half because they give players a second chance. Roulette Strategy Roulette is a random game and players cannot predict the outcome of the spins. However, there are certain betting strategies that can increase the odds.

While these strategies will increase the odds, they can never guarantee a win because the outcome of the wheel is 100 percent random. Below we discuss 3 strategies: 1. The Martingale Betting System is basically a double or nothing strategy. In this strategy, players will double up their bets as they lose so they can make up for the money they have lost. Of course, it is not a very successful strategy because players can hit the house limit or they can run out of cash before they can make up for their losses. 2. The Andre Martinez Betting System depends on the odds and the possibilities. It states that players should bet on the same number 35 times since there is a 1/35 probability of winning. This is also not a very successful strategy because there is less than a 61 percent chance of winning if you bet on the same number for 35 consecutive spins. Players can run out of money well before winning. 3. The third strategy states that for a game of roulette, you do not have to only bet on black or red, or just one specific number. There are a lot of other options such as the 1st dozen bets, 2nd dozen bets and 3rd dozen bets.

In this strategy, instead of choosing numbers without any calculations, it will use a special strategy and system in order to choose a group of roulette numbers that you will place wagers on. For the purpose of this betting system, the first twelve numbers will be named A, the second twelve will be B while the third twelve will be C. As for the 0 or the 00, they will be named 0. In order to build the strategy, you should play at an online casino on free mode, so you do not waste your bankroll while learning the strategy. Get a paper and spin the wheel; if it ball lands on the first 12, write down A, the second 12, write down B and the 3rd twelve, write down C. You will do this test in sets of 5. Keep spinning until there is a set of 5 that is missing one of the letters. So if you record B, C, C, B and B, you will stop because A did not show up — you should bet for real money on B and C (the 2nd twelve and 3rd twelve). Keep betting on these numbers and over the long haul you should rack up the wins.

The procedure of betting depends on your budget — if you have a low budget then place small bets and if you have a big budget, place big bets.

Question: What gambling game is based on a wheel with 37 compartments?
Answer: Roulette