parts of books - synonyms and related words | Macmillan Dictionary title page noun the page at the front of a book that shows its title , the name of the writer etc verso noun a page on the left side of a book. The page on the right side is the recto. Contents Page Numbering The text for your final camera-ready copy should be numbered consecutively, including blanks. These pages are to use Arabic numerals. For blanks, it is best to add a page with its actual page number (folio) and indicate that this is a blank page. Right-hand pages are never blank. Do not include the preliminary material (front matter), which appears before your first chapter, in the Arabic number sequence. Front matter is numbered with Roman numerals. TYPESETTING AND RECOMMENDED SOFTWARE We recommend that you acquire a page make-up program such as Pagemaker, Ventura, QuarkXPress, or LaTeX, and to become familiar with its features. Using Microsoft Word or Word Perfect to create pages individually is a time-consuming process you will eventually regret. The text itself can be typed with Word or WordPerfect, but should then be imported into a page make-up program.

Illustrations are most easily created in CorelDraw or Adobe Illustrator and then imported into a page make-up program as well. For laser output, it is essential that you use at least a 600 dpi (dots per inch) output device. Anything less may result in ragged text type or broken lines in figures. Your math should look like typeset math. For example, use italics for variables, bold face for vectors, and roman type for trigonometric and mathematical terms. Superscripts and subscripts should be set 2 point sizes smaller than the text. Consult Mathematics Into Type , latest edition, by E. Swanson for guidelines on setting up your equations. Recommended Software: MathTypeTM by Design Science, Inc. is a mathematical equation editor for Apple Macintosh and IBM PC-compatible computers running Microsoft Windows. It is an application that allows you to build up complex equations using simple point-and-click techniques and then to import them into your document. TeXTM is a mathematical typesetting program developed by Donald E. Knuth; LaTeX is a special version of TeX, developed by Leslie Lamport, designed to simplify the typesetting and page make-up of TeX.

If you are using TeX, use the book document style with as many macros needed to achieve the desired result. For LaTeX, keep the space between your headings and text consistent throughout. Any extra vertical space above such elements as headings, displayed formulas, figures, or tables should be removed. Instructions for where to add space to balance pages are given later in the section on Page Make-Up. Macros for LaTeX 2.09 and 2.09e are available to authors on Wiley's home page: , under Author Guidelines. These style files and accompanying documentation will help you to prepare your camera-ready copy. If you need help in obtaining these macros, please consult your Subject Editor. Chemistry Your chemistry should look like typeset chemistry. Refer to the standards of the American Chemical Society or the IUPAC. Looking at some published books or journal articles may also help you in arranging long or complicated equations, structures, or reaction schemes. Recommended Software: ChemDrawTM is a graphic software program designed to draw chemical structures of all types, which can then be merged into your text as art if you are using a recommended page make-up program.

ChemWindows and IsisDraw can also be used if you cannot acquire ChemDraw, but you need to be certain that they are compatible with your paging program. SUBMITTING MANUSCRIPT FOR COPYEDITING When first submitting your manuscript to your Subject Editor, be certain it is double-spaced, with tables, illustrations, and art (including chemical formulas, schemes, computer printouts, and so on) cited and placed in the text. Also include a sample camera-ready chapter created by using the design specifications given here. Choose a chapter containing as many design elements as possible. If the chapter is very long, it may not be necessary to submit the entire chapter. Your Subject Editor will give your manuscript and sample chapter to the production department where your Associate Managing Editor (AME) will coordinate its editing, production, and manufacture Your AME will also monitor its schedule and quality. Once your manuscript is copyedited it will be returned to you. When you first view the copyedited manuscript you may be overwhelmed by the extent of copyediting in the text. Before you make any revisions electronically to the text file, it is recommended that you first review the entire manuscript to get a better idea of what the copyeditor was trying to accomplish and to see what queries have been asked.

The copyeditor's changes and queries should be given careful consideration. When you are ready to begin incorporating the copyediting changes, it is best if you first copy a chapter onto a duplicate file, to be used as a sample, before revising the entire job. You must be consistent in inputting the copyeditor's changes. When you are finished making the final corrections to your sample chapter, send it to your AME. Your AME will check the sample camera-ready chapter to resolve any possible misunderstandings and make suggestions for improvement, if needed. The review of your sample chapter is an important production step because it is then that errors can be eliminated before they are carried throughout the entire book. Once any possible misunderstandings or errors are resolved, you can begin correcting the entire manuscript. Part Titles and Chapter-Opening Pages Part titles always start on a right-hand page. The chapter following a part title begins on the next right-hand page. Chapters may start on left- or right-hand pages. However, many authors prefer to begin all chapters on right-hand pages. Either method is acceptable, but once a system is chosen, it must be used throughout the entire book.

It is necessary to stress that all even-numbered pages are left-hand pages (or verso pages) and that all odd-numbered pages are right-hand pages (or recto pages). It is important that you follow this standardized publishing rule. Chapter-opening pages should have a folio at the bottom of the page (drop folio) and no running head or folio at the top of the page. Page Alignment Ideally, facing pages (spreads) should be the same length. In some cases facing pages cannot align; for instance, (1) if one of the pages is the last page of the chapter, (2) if one of the pages contains art or tabular material with no text, or (3) if all efforts made to align spreads fail because of design elements contained on that page (e.g., when a subhead falls near the bottom of the page; when an illustration must be accommodated; or when there is a series of displayed equations, chemical structures, or computer material). Where page alignment is a problem, space may be added or deleted above and/or below certain elements.

This space may be varied in the following order of preference: Above and/or below art and/or tabular material Above subheads Minimum Text Requirements At least two lines of text must appear below a heading at the bottom of a page. If a heading falls too close to the bottom of a page to carry two lines of text below it, then the heading should be carried over to the top of the next page, and the page should run short after all efforts to lengthen that page have failed. When a heading falls at the top of a page, omit the space above and align it with the first line of type on its facing page. A widow (a line of only a few words at the end of a paragraph) should not appear as the top line of a page unless introducing an equation or chemical formula. There should be a minimum of six lines of text on a page, including the last page in a chapter. A page with a figure, chemical structures, or tabular material should be able to accommodate at least six lines of type. If this is not possible, allow the figure, chemical structures, or table to stand alone on the page.

If more than one figure or table is positioned on the page you should be able to fit six lines of text between the two figures; otherwise create a short page. The Text Generally 10/12 point Times Roman is used for running text in professional books for the academic community. Left and right type margins should align or justify with the image area; do not submit camera-ready copy with ragged lines. The first line of text following headings and chapter titles aligns at the left margin with no paragraph indent. Subsequent paragraphs should be indented a consistent space throughout the text. Do not leave space between each paragraph. Italic type can be used for emphasis, for mathematical variables, or when a term is used for the first time. However, it should be used sparingly. Refrain from using bold in text except where customary in mathematics. Running Heads and Folios Running heads: A running head is a short phrase or headline repeated at the top of the text page. These help the reader identify where he or she is in your book. The left-hand (even-numbered) running head generally repeats the chapter title; the right-hand (odd-numbered) running head generally repeats the last main heading on that page.

If the heading is too long to fit in the allotted running head space, use an abbreviated version of the heading. Set in bold, 9 point type, either all caps or cap/lowercase style. Folios (page numbers): Set the folios in 9 point bold. Position: The placement of the running head and the space below to text must be consistent. On left-hand pages the folio should align with the left margin and the running head with the right margin. On right-hand pages the running head should align with the left margin and the folio with the right margin. Allow 1-1/2 lines of space between the running head and the following text, table, illustration, etc. Do not allow additional space if the page begins with a heading, table, illustration, or any element that would normally have additional space above it in running text. Chapter-opening pages, part titles, and front matter opening pages do not have running heads. These pages have drop folios. Position drop folios 1 line below the bottom of the last line of type. Chapter-Opening Pages Chapter number: Set in bold, approx. 14 to 18 point type. Position flush left.

If you allow space above the chapter number from the top of the page (for visual appearance), you must be consistent throughout the book. Allow 1 line of space below to chapter title. It is not necessary to use the word "chapter" before the number. Chapter title: Set in bold, 16 to 22 point type. Use all capital letters (caps) or cap/lowercase style consistently throughout. Do not break (hyphenate) words at the ends of lines in chapter titles. Align flush left. Allow 2 lines of space below to chapter author or 6 lines of space below to text if you are the sole author. Chapter author/ affiliation (for contributed volumes): Set author name in bold, 12 point type, all caps; set affiliation in bold italic, 10 point type, cap/lowercase. Allow 6 lines of space below to text. Headings First level heads: Set in bold caps, 10 point type. Allow 2 lines of space above (unless occurring on the first line of text) and 1 line of space below.

[Double-digit identifiers for chapter and section (i.e., 1.1) are usual.] Second level heads: Set in bold cap/lowercase, 10 point type. Allow 2 lines of space above (unless occurring on the first line of text) and 1 line of space below. [Triple-digit identifiers (i.e., 1.1.1) are usual.] Third level heads: Set in bold italic cap/lowercase, 10 point type. Position flush left with 2 lines of space above (unless occurring on the first line of text). Follow heading with a period, space, then text. Avoid the use of identifiers if possible. Do not use numeric and alphabetic identifiers (i.e., 1.1.1.1 or 1.1.1.A, respectively). Fourth level head: Set in italic cap/lowercase, 10 point type. Position flush left with 2 lines of space above (unless occurring on the first text line). Follow heading with a period, space, then text. If your manuscript has more than four levels of headings, additional design specifications can be supplied.

Math Headings Math level 1 (m1): Used for Theorem, Proposition, Lemma, Corollary, Postulate. Set headings in bold cap/lowercase, 10 point type. Position flush left with a line of space above. Follow heading with a period, space, then text. Frequently text following is set in italic type. Allow 1 line of space below m1 text to text following or space as required above next heading. Math level 2 (m2): Used for Definition, Example, Axiom. Set heading in bold italic cap/lowercase, 10 point type. Position flush left with 1 line of space above. Follow heading with a period, space, then text in regular type. Allow 1 line of space below m2 text to text following or space as required above next heading. Math level 3 (m3): Used for Case, Exercise. Set heading in roman caps, 10 point type. Position flush left with 1 line of space above. Follow heading with a period, space, then text in regular type. Allow 1 line of space below m3 text to text following or space as required above next heading.

Math level 4 (m4): Used for Proof. Set heading in italic, 10 point type. Paragraph indent with 1 line of space above. Follow heading with a period, space, then text in regular type. Set a 10 point filled square (or quad) at the end of m4 text with at least 1 em space after text. Allow 1 line of space below m4 text to text following or space as required above next heading. Lists Numbered list: Set in text type. Type numbers/letters with a paragraph indent, followed by a period. Allow for double digits, if needed, to align on the periods after the numbers/letters. Follow periods with 1 space, then start text. Identifiers in parentheses align at right. Use open and closed parentheses, not a single closing parentheses. Turnover lines should align under the first word (not the number/letter). Allow 1 line of space above and below the list to text. Bulleted list: Set in text type. Set bullet on paragraph indent followed by a tab set at 1/2 inch. Turnover lines should align under the first word (not the bullet). Allow 1 line of space above and below the list to text.

Multicolumn lists: Set in text type. Lists with multiple columns should center as a block on the page. Align columns on left edge or on mathematical symbols (equal signs, decimals, etc.). Allow 1 line of space above and below list to text. References Set in 9 point type. If references are numbered, type the numbers flush left, followed by a period and a space. Clear for double digits and align the periods after the numbers. Turnover lines should align under the first word (not the reference number). Do not set extra line spaces between numbered entries. If references are not numbered, type the first line of the entry flush left; turnover lines have a paragraph indent. The "Reference" heading should be set in the style of a first-level heading for end-of-chapter References; use the chapter title style for the word "References" if all references for the entire book occur in their own section after the last text chapter. Equations Center on the page and allow 1 line of space above and below to text. Equations should be the same point size as the text. Allow a half line of space between groups of equations. Enclose equation numbers in parentheses and position flush to the right margin.

When a display equation runs two or more lines, the equation number appears flush right on the last line of the equation. When a long equation breaks to another line, align the second line of the equation on the operator sign. Equations are generally numbered consecutively in each chapter and are identified by double digits-chapter and equation number. Chemistry Center on page and allow 1 line of space above and below to text. Allow a half line of space between groups of structures or schemes. Set structure labels in 9 point type, cap/lowercase, centered below the formula. It is usual for structure numbers to set in bold and compound names to set in lightface. Labels above and below reaction arrows should set in 7 point type. Figure Captions Set in 9 point type. Number the figures with Arabic numerals. Illustrations are consecutively numbered in each chapter. Set the word "Figure" and the number in bold, followed by a period and space. The remaining caption should be set in regular type (not bold). Figure captions should be set to the full width of the page and positioned below the art. If the figure caption runs shorter than the full width of the page, center the caption beneath the figure.

Allow a half line of space below the illustration to the caption. Figures should be positioned at the top or bottom of the page. Avoid placing figures in the middle of the text. Footnotes Footnotes are set in 8 point type and appear at the bottom of the page where they are cited. Place a 1/2 pt rule (1-1/2 inches long) above the footnote. There should be 1/4-inch visual space between the last line of text and the footnote rule and 1/8-inch visual space between the rule and the first line of the footnote. Breaking Avoid breaking tables if the table can fit on a single page. However, if a table runs across several pages, repeat the table number, the table title (or use "Continued", set in italic type), and the column heads on each subsequent page on which the table appears. When tables run more than one page, set a bottom table rule at the end of the complete table only. Do not set a rule at the bottom of each page on which the table appears. Table footnotes are set underneath the bottom table rule. There should be 1/2-line visual space between the bottom table rule and the top of the first table footnote.

Turning Tables that extend more than 4 picas over the text width should be turned 90 degrees counterclockwise on the page. These are called turned tables. Do not put text on pages containing turned tables. Delete running heads from pages with turned tables; set only a drop folio. Single page turned tables should center both horizontally and vertically within the image area. Turned tables that set on multiple pages should have repeated table titles and column heads on left-hand pages only. Material should be aligned across facing pages. Table Typography Table number / Table title: Set the word "Table" in 9 point Times Roman bold caps. Follow number with period, space, and the table title in bold cap/lowercase. Flush left on table body. Set 1 point rule below by width of table. Allow 6 points of space above and below rules. Table column head: Set column heads in regular type, cap/lowercase, 9 point type, centered above column below. Set 1 point rule below by width of table. Allow 6 points space above and below rules. Table body: Set columns in 9 point regular type. Align columns of words at left, columns of numbers align on decimal points, equal signs, etc.

Minimum space between columns is approx. 2 picas (24 points); maximum space is approx. 12 picas (144 points). Set 1 point rule below table body to width of the table. The size of type used in the table body can be altered to accommodate material. Tables may set as small as 7 points if necessary. However, the type size for the table body should not be larger than the type size used for the text. Table footnotes: Set 8 point type. Position flush left on table body underneath the bottom table rule. Set to table width. INDEX Please consult the Wiley Author Guide Index Preparation available on the Wiley home page, for help in preparing your index. The index is usually set in a smaller type size than the text, 8/10 point Times Roman is customary, and arranged in two columns. Match the typeface, size, and sinkage from the top of the page used for the index head to the chapter title. The running heads should match the book in type and size. Align facing columns. Main entries are capitalized and begin flush left. Indent turnovers 2 em spaces. Subentries begin on new line indented 1 em space from the left margin.

If a subject unit should be broken between pages, repeat the main entry and add the word Continued set in italic in parentheses at the top of the left column. IOBA | Book Terminology | Independent Online Booksellers Association Independent Online Booksellers Association Book Terminology ABA In the US: the American Booksellers Association membership consists of independently owned bookstores, most with a store front location primarily selling new books. In the UK: Antiquarian Booksellers Association (the UK equivalent of the ABAA) A trade association in the British Isles for dealers in antiquarian and rare books, manuscripts and allied materials; founded in 1906 and the oldest organization of its kind in the world. ABAA Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association of America (the U.S. equivalent of the U.K. ABA.) The Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association of America. A trade association of booksellers established in 1949 with over 450 members located throughout the United States, specializing in fine and rare books, maps, documents, autographs, illuminated manuscripts, ephemera, and prints spanning the economic spectrum. ABAC Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association of Canada (Canadian equivalent of the U.K.

ABA.) The Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association of Canada. A trade association of booksellers in Canada, founded in 1966 with the aim of fostering interest in rare books and manuscripts and maintaining high standards in the antiquarian book trade. Advanced Copy Cover ADVANCE REVIEW (or READER’S or READING) COPY (ARC) A special pre-publication copy distributed by publishers for review purposes. ARCs are sent to reviewers and editors prior to publication date. ARCs are usually softbound in wrappers, which may be similar to dust jacket art of the first trade edition, but the wrappers are more typically merely printed text. Occasionally the distribution of ARCs lead to textual differences between an advance review copy and a first edition. ARCs are sometimes issued as a hardcover with a review slip laid in by the publisher. ARCs may include an uncorrected proof copies printed for author’s corrections. ARCs also include copies distributed for publicity and promotion – usually published in plain wrappers and which may have substantial textual differences from the finished published book. The textual differences between all the various versions is what gives value to ARCs to the collector. All Edges Gilt AEG All Edges Gilt. See Gilt. ALS Autographed Letter Signed.

ANTIQUARIAN BOOKSELLER A term, in today’s usage, that describes a bookseller whose stock in trade is primarily old, rare, and/or collectible books. ASSOCIATION COPY A book once belonging to the author, or signed or annotated by the author to someone closely associated with the author of the book or the book itself in some way. Also, a book inscribed by its author to a famous person, or owned by someone of interest. AUTHOR’S EDITION Around the turn of the nineteenth century, many titles in the international book trade were “pirated,” or published without authorization. The “Author’s Edition” let the reader know that the book was published with the author’s approval. BACKSTRIP (Sometimes used as a synonym to Spine) A strip used by binder to reinforce the back of folded sheets in the binding of the spine. BAL Bibliography of American Literature. BDS An abbreviation for the term Boards. BIBLIOGRAPHY A reference work detailing published titles on a given subject or by a given author; used by book sellers and collectors to verify the authenticity of an edition or issue of a given title. BIBLIOPHILE A lover of books.

BINDING Material used as a protective cover for a book (e.g.: leather, cloth, buckram, paper, etc.) BINDING COPY A book whose text block is complete and serviceable, but the current binding is defective or incomplete. Note: Technically, what we call bindings on most books today, where the text block is glued in (in a hardcover book the text block is glued to a cover by some mull and end sheet paper, and in a softcover book normally the text block is glued directly to the spine of the cover), is actually a casing. Traditionally, bindings were actually sewn to the collected gatherings. The two terms- Binding and Casing – are, becoming interchangeabe today.) Biopredation BIOPREDATION An attack to books by living matter, which may include insects or mildew. Blind Stamping BLIND (-Stamped, -Tooled, or -Embossed) Impressed into paper or binding material without color or gilding, leaving an impression only. BOARDS The front and back covers of a hardcover book, today typically a cardboard base covered with cloth, paper, or leather.

BOOK CLUB EDITION (BCE, BOMC, etc.) Editions published by book clubs (i.e.: The Book-of-the-Month Club, Fireside Book Club, History Book Club, The Literary Guild, etc.). Generally speaking, not first editions although some Science Fiction or other genres where first edition publication took place through a Club. A seller should always disclose if a book is a BCE. The collector should arm themselves with the relevant bibliographies to know when a BCE might be desirable. BOOK JACKET Separate paper covering for the book. Also referred to as the dust jacket or dustwrapper. A well-established practice among publishers as early as the middle of the nineteenth century. BOOKLET A small book, often only a few pages long and bound in wrappers (pamphlet could be used as a synonym). Book Plate BOOK PLATE An ownership label, usually placed inside front cover. Many have become collectible due to the designer or owner; others actually lower the value of books printed in the last 50 or so years, especially book plates that can be purchased in batches of 50 or 100 and a space left for the owner’s name to be penciled or inked-in.

BOOKWORM A larva of any insect which harms books by feeding on their binding or leaves. As they eat they way through the pages of a book, they leave a trail known as “worming.” Also, a term for a person devoted to books. BROADSIDE or BROADSHEET Any piece of printed matter printed on only one side of a sheet of paper. Buckram BUCKRAM A heavy weave of binding cloth. Bumped BUMPED Refers to the corners or spine ends of a book that has been damaged by being dropped or carelessly handled or shelved CASE or CASING The covers enclosing a book, usually made of thick cardboard, and normally covered in cloth, paper or leather. CANCEL Due to errors or defects in printing, a book may have one or more pages removed from the text block by the publisher after it has been bound. The new printed matter pasted on to the resulting stub(s) by the publisher is referred to as a “cancel” or “cancellans”. CHAPBOOK Small, inexpensive books produced from the 17th century until today, originally sold by “chapmen”, peddlers, and hawkers. Contents usually of a popular, sensational, juvenile, or moral / educational character.

CHAPTER BOOK Fairly modern term referring to books for older children which are organized into chapters, as opposed to “picture books”, which often are not. Chipped CHIPPED Small pieces broken off of a dust jacket or binding. CIRCA (abbreviated: ca) Refers to an approximate date when actual date is unknown. CLOSED TEAR A tear with no material missing. It could also mean a tear repaired and closed with Japanese tissue or other such type of paper used for page repairs in the trade. COATED Paper is smooth and polished; something has been applied to the surface to make it appear glossy. COCKED If, when looking down on the head of a book, the corners are not square it is said to be cocked or rolled. Also known as a spine slant. (Note: cocking can also involve a book’s spine being slightly twisted or non-vertical at either end that is not severe enough to cause spine slant.) COLLATE To verify completeness of a book by examining it carefully. For books produced in the hand-press era, this involves some knowledge of format. The leaves in a gathering must be counted and deviations from the expected count noted.

Then the book should be compared against a known complete copy, or with a comprehensive bibliography. At this point, the book seller’s description should note how, if at all, the copy at hand is different from a complete copy. Colophon COLOPHON In the fifteenth century, books were originally published without title pages (and the corresponding Copyright Page) The printer indicated his production of the book on the “colophon” typically inserted at the rear of the book. Information contained in these early colophons might include the date the printing was completed, the name of the book, the printer, the printer’s “device”, and often a “register,” or a list of the signatures from which the book was made-up (sometimes the colophon states the number of copies printed, and in the case of a limited edition, will cite the copy number and may contain the signature of the author, illustrator, or publisher). CONTEMPORARY (or CONTEMPORANEOUS) BINDING: A binding that was placed on the book at the time of publication or within a few years of publication.

Up until the 19th century (and continuing much later in some countries, like France), most books were published unbound, in plain paper covers or boards, and the purchaser would have the book bound to his taste by his bookbinder (often these bindings were designed to match other books in his library.) COPPERPLATE Illustrations produced when the original printing plate was engraved on copper; this method was introduced before the end of the 15th century. They, to some extent, replaced the woodcut, which regained considerable popularity later on. COPYRIGHT PAGE (c., cp) The page that usually, normally, appears on verso of the title page, containing the artistic property protection. CWO Check or cash with order. Dampstain DAMPSTAIN A stain left on a cover or pages after having been exposed to water. Deckle Edge DECKLE EDGE A “deckle edge” is left on hand-made paper when the pulp settles at the edge of the frame. When a the pages of a book are printed on such hand-made paper, gathered and bound, but left untrimmed, the book is said to have “deckled edges.” Sometimes it is simulated by binders on regular paper.

Dentelle DENTELLE A border with a lacy pattern stamped by the binder, usually gilt. In modern fine bindings, dentelles are most often seen on the leather turn-ins on the inside of a book’s cover. DESIDERATA A listing of books desired. DEVICE The printer’s device is a design used as a printer’s logo. Classic examples include the “Aldine’s Anchor and Dolphin,” the “Estiennes’ Tree of Knowledge,” or the “Elzeviers’ Globe.” DIMPLE A small indentation on covers or pages which is usually deliberately created by publishers. DING A small bump or dent leaving an impression, sometimes caused by careless handling or storage. DISBOUND A book which has been removed from its binding (the binding is typically no longer present). DOG-EARED Worn or ragged, usually referring to the edges of pages. Corners of pages are turned down like a dog’s ear, often to mark one’s place while reading. DS Document Signed. DUST JACKET or DUSTWRAPPER (DJ, DW) The separate paper covering for a book.

While originally intended for protection (and sometimes originally made from cloth), these have become an important part of modern books, often including information about a book not found elsewhere and original art work designed specifically for the particular book. Jackets are often collectible and highly-desired in their own right and a book published with a jacket that no longer has one can, from a collector’s viewpoint especially, be considered “incomplete.” ED An abbreviation for Edition or Editor. EDGES The three outer sides of the text block when a book is closed: fore-edge, top edge or head, and bottom edge or foot. EDITION All of the copies of a book printed from the same setting of type, at one time or over a period of time, with no major changes, additions or revisions. Minor changes, such as the correction of some misspelled words, or the addition of a dedication, or similar very minor alterations, may be made and the revised copies are still considered as part of the same edition, simply being described as different states or issues. Second or subsequent editions usually involve the entire resetting of type.

ENDPAPERS (EP) The double leaves added to the book by the binder that become the pastedowns and free endpapers inside the front and rear covers. These pages are an integral part of the construction of a book, holding the text block and case together. The lack of them drastically shortens the value and life of a book, and should be considered a defect. EPHEMERA Printed material of passing interest in every day life (e.g.: advertising, ticket stubs, photos, postcards, programs, some booklets and pamphlets, etc.). Of interest to collectors because they are often the only record of many quotidian events. ERRATA A list of errors and their corrections or additions to the printing, found after a book has been printed, usually on a separate sheet or slip of paper. The plural of erratum. If a particular copy of a book lacks an errata slip when one is known to have been issued, that copy should be considered incomplete. (Note: If the slip of paper does not make a correction, but rather supplies additional information, it is called an Addenda Slip.) EX-LIBRARY (EX LIB) Deaccessioned from a public library or collection.

EX-LIBRIS From a private library, as opposed to a public library. Could also indicate a bookplate or a stamp. EXTRA-ILLUSTRATED Extra illustrations added to the book after publication, normally done by the owner of the book, not the book’s publisher. FAIR A book in very worn condition, but all of its important parts and dust jacket (if one was issued) must be present. May be soiled with tears, endpapers missing, etc. Such defects must be noted in descriptions. Also see our page of descriptive terms. FINE (F) A book that has no defects in book or jacket, but not as crisp as it was when new. Also see our page of descriptive terms. FIRST EDITION The first printing of a book, done from the original setting of type. The collectability of the first printing of the first edition was established in the early days of printing, when the type used in the presses would quickly wear away, compromising the readability of the book being printed. (Note: Technically, this term is used to describe any of the printings of a book, done from the original setting of type, at any time until the type is so altered as to constitute a second edition (see “Edition”).

In the world of literature and Modern Firsts, the term is used differently, and means the very first printing of those copies, done at the same time. A second print run, though it is technically still the “First Edition”, is not what is meant by the phrase in the world of collectible Modern Firsts.) FLEXIBLE BINDING Limp, leather/plastic/paper covers which are flexible. FLY-LEAVES (FL) Plain (blank) papers at front and rear of book after endpapers. FOOT The bottom edge of the text block. Marbled Foredges FORE-EDGE The right edge of the text block, opposite the spine. FORE-EDGE PAINTING With a fore-edge painting the illustration is executed in the small margin just inside the edge. After the painting has been completed, many of these books have gilt applied to the edge. When the pages of a book thus prepared are fanned, the painting becomes visible. Although fore-edge paintings can be found on manuscripts dating back to the 13th century, the art became popular in the 17th century, and is still being widely practiced today by artists working on 18th and 19th century books in the old styles.

Foxing FOXING Brown spots thought to be caused by impurities in paper (e.g.: acid, exposure to humidity, etc.). Foxing is more likely to be encountered in older books. FREE ENDPAPER (FFEP: Front Free Endpaper; RFEP: Rear Free Endpaper) Front and rear blank pages added by the binder. FRONTISPIECE (Frontis) Usually, the illustration facing title page (in rare cases the illustration could be elsewhere near the front of the book and not necessarily opposite the title page. GATHERINGS The printed sheets, after folding, which are put in order and bound in sequence. Also known as signatures. GAUFFERED EDGES A pattern tooled on gilt edges of a book. GILT EDGES Page edges cut smooth and gilded (covered with a thin layer of gold leaf). GLASSINE Transparent paper sometimes used as a dust jacket to protect a book. GOOD (G) A book, or dust jacket in average used and worn condition – complete with all its parts. Also see our page of descriptive terms. GRADING Guidelines used to properly describe condition of books. See our page of descriptive terms. GUTTER Inner margins of two facing pages.

Can also refer to the outer indentation that is created by the joining of the boards and spine. HALF BINDING A book which has had its spine and corners covered in one material such as cloth or leather and the rest of the front and rear covers covered in another, such as boards paper or cloth. This in contrast to a book “Quarter Bound,” which has a spine covered in one material, and the boards covered in another material, with the corners covered in the same material as the boards. See Quarter Bound. HALF-TITLE (Fly Title) The page, preceding the title page proper, normally listing only the title of the book and no other information. While usually present in modern books, it is sometimes lacking in older publications because it was originally designed to be removed before custom binding. Half Tone Image HALF-TONE A gradation of tone (between light and dark) of an image by minute, closely-spaced dots. Used in photography and graphics. HARDCOVER A book whose case is made of stiff boards, as opposed to wrappers. HC Hardcover. HEAD Top edge of the text block.

Head band HEADBAND Band of silk or cotton affixed to signatures when bound together to form a text block for strength or, more often, decoration of the spine ends. HINGES Where the sides of the binding meet the spine (interior) of a book. ILAB International League of Antiquarian Booksellers . An international trade association that includes 20 national antiquarian booksellers trade associations representing 30 countries. IL, ILLUS Illustrated. IMPRESSION All the copies of a book printed during one press run. INCUNABULA Books printed between Gutenberg’s invention of moveable type and 1500, coined from the Latin word cunae, meaning “cradle”. INSCRIBED When an author or someone associated with the book signs and handwrites a dedication, etc. Example: “To my beloved Elizabeth, John Steinbeck.” IOBA Independent Online Booksellers Association .The Independent Online Booksellers Association. An international trade association founded in 1999 and committed to high ethical standards for online booksellers. ISBN International Standard Book Number . A unique numeric commercial book identifier administered by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) under international standard ISO 2108.

159 countries and territories adhere to this international standard. Though usually accurate, as with many man-instituted technologies, the system is not perfect; occasionally one will find two [or more] titles with the same ISBN. ISSUE A change, textual or otherwise, made after the book has been published. (e.g.: The first issue of Mark Twain’s A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court has an “s”-like ornament between “The” and “King” on page 59. In the case of many of C. S. Forester’s books, sheets were printed but not bound at the same time; when they were, sometimes years later, they were bound in differently colored bindings. The color of the binding then became an issue point.) JOINTS Where the spine joins the sides of the book (exterior). Sometimes referred to as the Gutter. LAID-IN Neither bound-in or glued down. May include paper, photograph, or print supplied by the publisher (example, an errata slip laid-in) or supplied by a previous owner. LAID ON See Tipped In. LAMINATE The thin plastic layer covering the dust jacket of some books.

LIMITED EDITION is produced in a stated number of copies. Typically, a given title is produced only in a small number of copies. Books are usually numbered such as “100/500″ meaning number 100 of an edition of 500. LITHO Lithograph. Lithography is a method for printing using a stone or a metal plate with a completely smooth surface. It can be used to print text or artwork onto paper or other suitable material. LOOSE When a book has been read carelessly or too often, and has become loose and sloppy in its binding. LTD ED See: Limited Edition. MANUSCRIPT Written by hand. Marbled Paper MARBLING A process of decorating paper, in which the result resembles the veins of stone marble. Used in the West since the early seventeenth century. MARRIED When the parts of a book or set are supplied from different copies of a book to form a whole, such as the dust jacket from one copy is “married” with a copy of the same book without a jacket, or Volume One is “married” to Volume Two, purchased separately, to form a complete set.

Mull MULL The cloth that reinforces the hinges and is pasted directly to the body of a book and is hidden by the spine. Also called by binders, super or crash. n.d. No Date; no publication date is supplied in the book. n.p. No Place; no place of publication is supplied in the book. OBVERSE The front or main surface of anything. OCLC ( Online Computer Library Center ) A non-profit cooperative organization of libraries that serves to share data and make cataloging easier. OCLC includes over 43,000 libraries in 86 countries, and provides quick information to booksellers and collectors about which libraries have a copy of a particular title. Access to OCLC is by fee-based subscription service, most commonly available at libraries, but now offers public access at Open Tear OPEN TEAR A tear that may have some material missing. OUT-OF-PRINT (OP, OOP) A book no longer available from the publisher. It is no longer being printed and no new copies remain available for sale. OWNER’S INSCRIPTION Words written in a book by a previous or original owner of book. Also known as previous owner’s inscription. PAGINATION The numbering of the pages.

PANEL Refers to borders in binding. Can also be used in connection with the main surfaces of a dust jacket. PAPERBACK (PPB, PB) A book bound with flexible paper covers; usually a term reserved for mass-market publications. PAPER COVERS Stiff, usually heavy-weight paper (though flexible) covers into which a book is bound by various methods. Can refer to a temporary binding, a booklet or pamphlet, or a book in early (1800s) wrappers. PAPER-COVERED BOARDS Book binding (casing); front and back panels which have an outer paper surface glued to underlying stiffer and/or heavier material. The outer paper surface may be decorative or plain. PARCHMENT The skin of a sheep, goat, etc., prepared as a surface for writing or for use as a binding material. Pastedown Endpaper PASTEDOWN The part of the endpapers that is pasted to the inside of the front and rear covers. PLATE A special page containing an illustration or other extra information. POINTS Peculiarities in a published book whose presence or absence helps to determine edition, issue or state. PBO Paperback original. p. or pp. abbreviations for Page and Pages.

PPD Postpaid. PR Printing. PRESENTATION COPY A book inscribed by the author to someone else (usually of importance to the author, the book, or society in general). Price Clipped PRICE CLIPPED The price on the inner flap of a dust jacket has been cut off. PROOF See Uncorrected Proof. PROVENANCE Evidence of the history of the ownership of a particular book (e.g.: auction records, booksellers’ records, book plates, etc.) The book may be important because of who owned it–perhaps a president or important bookseller, collector, royalty, or someone who may be related to the book in some way. Important in establishing the ownership of especially rare items. PSEUDONYM/PEN-NAME/NOM DE PLUME (PSEUD) An assumed name used to protect the anonymity of an author. PUB Published/publisher. PUBLISHER’S BINDING Binding provided by the publisher when supplying a book for a bookseller. This practice, while common today, dates from the 1800s. QUARTER BINDING A book with its spine bound in a different material than the boards (e.g., a leather spine and cloth- or paper-covered boards). See Half Binding.

READING COPY A nice way of describing a book that is complete in text and plates, but so badly worn or soiled that in its current condition it is good only for reading, and cannot be considered “collectible” in this condition. Also tends to suggest that the book has faults that make it not worth rebinding, else otherwise it might be described as a Binding Copy. READING CREASE A crease down the spine of a book (usually a paperback). REBACKED A repair to a book, where the original spine has been replaced. If the original spine or backstrip can be salvaged, it might be glued down on the new spine. The result of the latter is found in bookseller’s catalogs thus: “Rebacked, with the original spine laid down (or laid on).” Can be considered a defect, i.e., there is original material that has been lost. However, an expertly repaired volume it adds more value than the book in its unrepaired condition. REBOUND A repair, where the entire binding has been replaced by a new one. RECASED A repair, where a book is taken apart and put back together using original pages, cloth, and endpapers.

Usually done to tighten the sewing or to wash the pages, etc. RECTO A right-hand page, when a book is open and facing the reader. The other side of the recto is the Verso. REMAINDER A new book returned to the publisher as unsold. Remainder Mark REMAINDER MARK A mark (rubber stamp, felt marker stroke, or spray, often on a book’s bottom edge) signifying that the book was returned to publisher as unsold, and then offered for sale again later at a much lower price. Considered to be a defect by collectors. RET Returnable. REVIEW COPY A copy of a new book sent free-of-charge for purposes of review. Often includes a laid in review slip with publishing information. Not necessarily a first edition. Rubbed RUBBED Where color has been worn from portions of the binding or dust jacket. It is also used to indicate rubbed cloth covering the boards to the point where the material of which the boards are made is showing through. SHAKEN The text block is loose in its binding; no longer tight, but not detached. SHEETS The pages that have been printed but not yet folded, sewn, or gathered together for binding.

SHELF-BACK The spine of a book. SIGNATURE A printed sheet of paper, folded to size and ready for sewing (i.e.: large paper folded in half, fourths, eighths, sixteenths, or thirty-seconds). SIGNED (SGD) Signed with a name only, and no other text included. Slip Case SLIPCASE (SLC) A box built to house and protect a book, leaving the spine exposed. SOPHISTICATED Books that have had repairs that involve making additions to the original (e.g.: chips filled in and tinted to match the missing portion, replaced page corners, etc.). In the trade, an “honest” book description should disclose all “sophistications.” In other words, if a bookseller has commissioned repairs of a book, all such repairs should be disclosed to prospective buyers in the description. It is possible for “sophistications” to have been executed on a book long before a given bookseller has bought a particular copy. Whether or not the bookseller was responsible for any such sophistication, not disclosing such repairs in a description are valid grounds for a buyer to return the copy to the seller.

SPINE The backbone, or back, of the book where the title (if present) is displayed when it is standing upright on a shelf. STARTING Hinges or joints beginning to show signs of tearing, either through wear or defective binding. STATE Variations within an edition, which are made prior to publication; can include: • alterations due to stop-press insertions, damaged type, etc. • the addition of errata leaves, advertisements. • textual changes affecting page lay-out. • some special-paper copies. This term applies only in connection with the printed pages, and not variations in bindings. (e.g.: a small number of copies of Ernest Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls were erroneously printed without the photographer’s credit on the back of the dust jacket. The presses were stopped midway through the first run, the credit was added, and the second state of the first edition resulted.) Sticker Damage STICKER DAMAGE A price sticker has been roughly removed resulting in surface damage to the underlying material. STICKER GHOST A sticker has been left on a book for some time, and the glue, reacting chemically, has discolored the surface. Also, sticker residue.

STIPPLED EDGE Color sprayed on a book’s external edges. Sunned SUNNED Browning, yellowing, or fading of paper, dustjacket or binding as a result of sun exposure. TAIL Bottom edge of the text block. TAPE RESIDUE Complications of cellophane tape that remains on the paper or a book’s cover, resulting in brown stains or bits of tape adhering to paper. TEG Top Edges Gilt. See Gilt. TENDER When the binding is loosening. TEXT BLOCK Pages containing the content of a book (text, illustrations, etc.) bound together; does not include endpapers. TIPPED IN Paper, photograph, or print glued down by only a narrow strip. TITLE PAGE At the front of a book (usually the first or second page), containing such important information as the author, title, and typically, the city where the book was published, the publisher, and date. TLS Typed letter signed. TOOLING The decoration of leather bindings. Top Stain TOP STAIN The publisher’s decorative colored stain, applied to the top edge of the pages. TP Title Page. TRADE PAPERBACK A large sized paperbound book; not a mass-market paperback.

TRADE EDITION An edition sold through bookstores, as opposed to those meant for private or specialized distribution. UNBOUND A book that was never bound into covers, such as “unbound sheets” which were, for whatever reason, never bound by the publisher. Not to be confused with Disbound. UNCORRECTED PROOF A pre-publication printing intended for editorial use, or occasionally to be sent out for review. Usually issued in plain colored wrappers. Proof Copy UNCUT Edges that are roughly cut, rather than being neatly trimmed by the binders. UNOPENED When folded edges of the pages of the bound pages remain joined together and have not been sliced open. Unread. VOL, VOLS Volume/Volumes. VANITY PRESS/PUBLISHERS Publishers and presses that publish books at the author’s expense. VARIANT A copy of a book that varies in some way from the ideal copy. Can refer to binding color, illustrations, etc. Vellum VELLUM A thin sheet of specially prepared skin of a calf which is not tanned but de-greased used for writing, printing, or as a binding material; considered superior in quality to parchment.

VERSO The left page of an open book, when it is open and facing the reader. The back of a leaf. Also called the reverse. VERY GOOD (VG) Very light wear to book, and/or jacket; no large tears, or major defects. One of the most often used terms. Also see our page of descriptive terms. VERY GOOD (VG) A book that is in “Very Good” condition may have very light wear to itself, and/or its jacket; it has no large tears, or any major defects. One of the most often used terms. Also see our page of descriptive terms W/O Without. Watermark WAF With All Faults, as in “Sold WAF”. Usually found in connection with auction listings, but also some bookseller listings. Basically means that the book is in poor enough condition that whatever additional things you might find wrong with it that were not mentioned in the description are not a cause for return. Synonym for “sold as-is”. WATERMARK A faint identifying design, usually in quality paper.

from Carter: “A distinguishing mark or device incorporated in the wire mesh of the tray in which the pulp settle during the process of papermaking, and visible in the finished product when held against the light.” Whipstitching WHIPSTITCHING To sew a book’s leaves by passing the thread over and over the spine. Often seen in early pamphlets.

Question: What technical word is given usually to the left-side even-numbered page of a book?
Answer: Verso