Erg | Define Erg at Dictionary.com ERG variant of ergo- 1. before a vowel: ergodic. Examples from the Web for erg Expand Historical Examples And it has great energy, and will expend every erg of that energy of existence to continue existence. A beam behind which was every erg of energy that the gigantic mechanisms of the planetoid could yield. Triplanetary Edward Elmer Smith Ef I ax fer er million er money, hit 'u'd be 'cause I'd natch'ly want ter quit work, an' dat's erg'in' his law. British Dictionary definitions for erg Expand the cgs unit of work or energy. 1 erg is equivalent to 10–7 joule Word Origin C19: from Greek ergon work erg2 an area of shifting sand dunes in a desert, esp the Sahara Word Origin (informal) short for ergometer (sense 2) Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd.

1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for erg Expand n. unit of energy in the C.G.S. system, coined 1873 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science from Greek ergon "work" (see urge (v.)). "region of drifting sand dunes," 1875, from French erg (1854), from North African Arabic 'irj, from a Berber word. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Joule - definition of joule by The Free Dictionary Joule - definition of joule by The Free Dictionary n. Abbr. J or j 1. The International System unit of electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy. 2. a. A unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere is passed through a resistance of one ohm for one second. b.

A unit of energy equal to the work done when a force of one newton acts through a distance of one meter. See Table at measurement . [After James Prescott Joule.] (dʒuːl) n (Biography) James Prescott. 1818–89, English physicist, who evaluated the mechanical equivalent of heat and contributed to the study of heat and electricity joule (dʒuːl) n (Units) the derived SI unit of work or energy; the work done when the point of application of a force of 1 newton is displaced through a distance of 1 metre in the direction of the force. 1 joule is equivalent to 1 watt-second, 107 ergs, 0.2390 calories, or 0.738 foot-pound. Symbol: J [C19: named after James Prescott Joule] joule (dʒul, dʒaʊl) n. the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves through a distance of one meter in the direction of the force. Abbr.: J , j [1885–90; after J.

P. Joule ] Joule James Prescott, 1818–89, English physicist. joule (jo͞ol, joul) A unit used to measure energy or work. One joule is equal to the work done when a force of one newton acts over a distance of one meter. joule 1. A unit of work or energy transfer. One joule is equal to work done by a force of one newton moved about 1 m in the direction of the force. 2. (J) A unit of energy equal to the work done when a force of one newton is applied through a distance of one meter. Used instead of calorie: 1 J = 0.239 cal. Named after the British physicist J.P. Joule (1818–89). ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Practical Physics - Absolute Systems of Units Absolute Systems of Units Search the VIAS Library | Index Absolute Systems of Units Any three units (of which no one is derivable from the other two) may be selected as fundamental units.

In those systems, however, at present in use, the units of length, mass, and time have been set aside as arbitrary fundamental units, and the various systems of absolute units differ only in regard to the particular units selected for the measurement of length, mass, and time. In the absolute system adopted by the British Association, the fundamental units selected are the centimetre, the gramme, and the second respectively, and the system is, for this reason, known as the C.G.S. system. For magnetic surveying the British Government uses an absolute system based on the foot, grain, and second; and scientific men on the Continent frequently use a system based on the millimetre, milligramme, and second, as fundamental units. An attempt was also made, with partial success, to introduce into England a system of absolute units, based upon the foot, pound, and second as fundamental units. Quantity The volumes of similar solids are proportional to the third power of their linear dimensions. V The volume of a cube the length of a side of which is 1 centimetre. C.c. Density , d The mass of a body is proportional to its volume and its density conjointly (Definition of Density).

m v d The density of a body of which the mass of 1 cubic centimetre is 1 gramme. Gm. per c.c. [D]=[M][L]-3 Velocity, v. The space passed over by a body moving uniformly is proportional to the velocity and the time of passage. s v t The velocity of a body moving so that it passes over 1 centimetre in a second. Cm. per sec. [v]=[L][t]-1 Acceleration, a The increase in the velocity of a body moving with a constant acceleration is proportional to the acceleration and the time, during which the motion has been accelerated. v a t The acceleration of a body whose velocity is increasing every second by 1 cm. per sec. Cm. per sec. per sec. [a]=[L][T]-2 Force, f The force which produces change of motion in a body is proportional to the rate of change of momentum produced (the rate of change of momentum being measured numerically by the product of the numerical measure of the mass of body, and the numerical measure of the acceleration produced (second law of motion) f m a The force which acting upon 1 gramme produces per sec. an acceleration of 1 cm.

per sec. Dyne [F]=[M][L][T]-2. Work or energy, w The work done by a force is proportional to the force and to the distance through which it moves its point of application. The energy of a body is its capacity for doing work, measured by the work to which it is equivalent. w f l The work done by a dyne when it has moved its point of application through 1 centimetre. Erg. [W]=[M][L]2[T]-2 Pressure, (tension), p The force exerted by a fluid upon a given area is proportional to the area and to the pressure of the fluid at any point of the area, this pressure being supposed uniform over the area. f The pressure exerted when the force on every sq. cm. of area is 1 dyne. Dyne per sq. cm. [P]=[M][L]-1[T]-2 Volume elasticity, e The fractional diminution in volume of a fluid under increased pressure is proportional directly to the increase of pressure and inversely to the elasticity of the fluid.

(v1-v2)/v1 = (p2-p1)/e The elasticity of a body such that an unit diminution of pressure would double the volume. [E]=[P]=[M][L]-1[T]-2 Strength of magnetic pole , μ The force between two magnetic poles is proportional to the product of the strengths of the poles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. f μμ'/l2 That pole which repels an equal and similar pole at a distance of 1 cm. with a force of 1 dyne. C.G.S. unit magnetic pole. [μ]=[M]0.5[L]1.5[T]-1 Strength of a magnetic field, H. A magnetic pole, when placed in a magnetic field, is acted upon by a force proportional to the strength of the pole and the strength of the field. f H μ That field in which a C.G.S. unit magnetic pole is acted upon with a force of 1 dyne. C.G.S. unit magnetic field. [H]=[M]0.5[L]-0.5[T]-1 Magnetic moment of a magnet, M.

The magnetic moment of a solenoidal magnet is proportional to the strength of each pole and the distance between them. M μ l The moment of a solenoidal magnet with poles of 1 C.G S. unit strength and length 1 centimetre. C.G.S. unit of magnetic moment. [m]=[M]0.5[L]1.5[T]-1 Current c. The force acting upon a magnetic pole at the centre of a circular arc of wire carrying a currrent, is proportional to the strength of the current, the length of the wire, and the strength of the pole, and inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the arc. f μ l c / r2 That current which, flowing along unit length of wire in the form of a circular arc of unit radius acts with a force of 1 dyne upon a magnetic pole of C.G.S. unit strength placed at the centre. C.G.S. electromagnetic unit current. [c]=[M]0.5[L]0.5[T]-2 Electric quantity, q. The quantity of electricity which passes across any section of a wire is proportional to the current and to the time of passage.

q c t The quantity which in one second crosses any section of a wire in which a C.G.S. unit current is flowing. C.G.S. electromagnetic unit of quantity. [Q]=[M]0.5[L]0.5 Electromotive force or difference of potential, E. The work done by a quantity of electricity in passing between two points is proportional to the quantity and to the electromotive force or difference of potential between the points. w E q The E.M.F. between two points, such that the C.G.S. unit quantity of electricity in passing between the points does an erg of work. C.G.S. electromagnetic unit of E.M.F. [E]=[M]0.5[L]1.5[T]-2 Resistance, r. The current passing between two points of a conductor is directly proportional to the electromotive force and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor between the points (Definition of Resistance). c E/r The resistance of a conductor in which the C.G. S. unit E.M.F. produces the C.G.S. unit current. C.G.S. electromagnetic unit of resistance. [R]=[L][T]-1=[V].

Capacity of a conductor, C The increase in the potential of a conductor produced by the addition of a given quantity to its charge is inversely proportional to the capacity of the conductor. E q/C The capacity of a conductor which is charged to 1 C.G.S. unit potential by 1 C.G.S. unit of electricity. C.G.S. electromagnetic unit of capacity. [C]=[L]-1[T]2. In the works | Article about in the works by The Free Dictionary In the works | Article about in the works by The Free Dictionary Related to in the works: touch base , drop off , make ends meet , Keyed Up , no less , keen on , throw a spanner in the works work, in physics and mechanics, transfer of energy by a force acting to displace a body. Work is equal to the product of the force and the distance through which it produces movement. Although both force force, commonly, a "push" or "pull," more properly defined in physics as a quantity that changes the motion, size, or shape of a body. Force is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. ..... Click the link for more information.

and displacement are vector vector, quantity having both magnitude and direction; it may be represented by a directed line segment. Many physical quantities are vectors, e.g., force, velocity, and momentum. ..... Click the link for more information. quantities, having both magnitude and direction, work is a scalar quantity, having only magnitude. If the force acts in a direction other than that of the motion of the body, then only that component of the force in the direction of the motion produces work. Thus when a 5-lb (22.4-newton) force pulls a body 10 ft (3 m), it does 50 foot-pounds (67.2 meter-newtons) of work. If a force acts on a body constrained to remain stationary, no work is done by the force. Even if the body is in motion, the force must have a component in the direction of motion. Thus, any centripetal force, such as the sun's gravitational pull on the earth, does no work because it acts at right angles to the motion and has no component in that direction (see centripetal force and centrifugal force centripetal force and centrifugal force, action-reaction force pair associated with circular motion.

According to Newton's first law of motion, a moving body travels along a straight path with constant speed (i.e. ..... Click the link for more information. ). When there is no friction friction, resistance offered to the movement of one body past another body with which it is in contact. In certain situations friction is desired. Without friction the wheels of a locomotive could not "grip" the rails nor could power be transmitted by belts. ..... Click the link for more information. and a force acts on a body, the work done by the force is equal to the increase of the kinetic and potential energy of the body, since all the energy expended by the agency exerting the force must be gained by the body. If frictional forces are present, then some of the work must go to overcome friction and appears finally in the form of heat energy. A simple machine machine, arrangement of moving and stationary mechanical parts used to perform some useful work or to provide transportation. From a historical perspective, many of the first machines were the result of human efforts to improve war-making capabilities; the term engineer ..... Click the link for more information. is a device for converting work into another form of energy.

For example the jackscrew converts an input of work done on the machine to raise the load. The efficiency of a machine, which is defined as the ratio of the work output to the work input, is always less than one, since some of the input is invariably wasted in overcoming friction. The element of time does not enter into the computation of work; the time rate of doing work is called power power, in physics, time rate of doing work or of producing or expending energy. The unit of power based on the English units of measurement is the horsepower, devised for describing mechanical power by James Watt, who estimated that a horse can do 550 ft-lb of work per sec; a ..... Click the link for more information. . One horsepower horsepower, unit of power in the English system of units. It is equal to 33,000 foot-pounds per minute or 550 foot-pounds per second or approximately 746 watts. The term horsepower ..... Click the link for more information. is an expenditure of 33,000 foot-pounds per minute.

Some of the units used to measure work are the foot-pound, the erg erg , unit of work or energy in the cgs system of units, which is based on the metric system; it is the work done or energy expended by a force of 1 dyne acting through a distance of 1 centimeter. ..... Click the link for more information. , and the joule joule , abbr. J, unit of work or energy in the mks system of units, which is based on the metric system; it is the work done or energy expended by a force of 1 newton acting through a distance of 1 meter. The joule is named for James P. Joule. ..... Click the link for more information. . Work In physics, the term work refers to the transference of energy that occurs when a force is applied to a body that is moving in such a way that the force has a component in the direction of the body's motion. Thus work is done on a weight that is being lifted, or on a spring that is being stretched or compressed, or on a gas that is undergoing compression in a cylinder.

When the force acting on a moving body is constant in magnitude and direction, the amount of work done is defined as the product of just two factors: the component of the force in the direction of motion, and the distance moved by the point of application of the force. Thus the defining equation for work W is given below, where f and s are the magnitudes of the force and displacement, respectively, and &phgr; is the angle between these two vector quantities (see illustration). Because f cos &phgr; · s = f · s cos &phgr; work may be defined alternatively as the product of the force and the component of the displacement in the direction of the force. Work of constant force f is fs cos &phgr; The work done is positive in sign whenever the force or any component of it is in the same direction as the displacement; one then says that work is being done by the agent exerting the force and on the moving body. The work is said to be negative whenever the direction of the force or force component is opposite to that of the displacement; then work is said to be done on the agent and by the moving body.

From the point of view of energy, an agent doing positive work is losing energy to the body on which the work is done, and one doing negative work is gaining energy from that body. The work principle, which is a generalization from experiments on many types of machines, asserts that, during any given time, the work of the forces applied to the machine is equal to the work of the forces resisting the motion of the machine, whether these resisting forces arise from gravity, friction, molecular interactions, or inertia. The work done by any conservative force, such as a gravitational, elastic, or electrostatic force, during a displacement of a body from one point to another has the important property of being path-independent: Its value depends only on the initial and final positions of the body, not upon the path traversed between these two positions. On the other hand, the work done by any nonconservative force, such as friction due to air, depends on the path followed and not alone on the initial and final positions, for the direction of such a force varies with the path, being at every point of the path tangential to it.

See Energy , Force work Units: E a symbol for energy factor (see below) or for the Enhanced Fujita scale for tornado intensity. effective dose (ED) a measure used in pharmacology to express the percentage of a population that receives the desired benefit from a dose of the substance being studied. The measurement is usually given as a subscript. For example, the ED50 dose is the amount of the substance that benefits 50% of the test population. eighth means 1/8, of course; in meteorology the eighth is the unit for measuring the proportion of the sky covered by clouds. See okta . einstein, Einstein unit (E) a unit of light energy concentration sometimes used in physical chemistry. One einstein (or Einstein unit) is the energy per mole of photons carried by a beam of monochromatic light. Suppose a beam of light (in vacuum) has frequency v (in hertz ) and wavelength l (in meters). Then one einstein is equal to (3.990 313 x 10-10)v or (0.119 627)/l joules per mole (J/mol).

The unit is named for the physicist Albert Einstein (1879-1955), who explained how light carries energy in a famous 1905 paper. el the Dutch ell, a traditional unit of length equal to about 68-70 centimeters (roughly 27 inches). See the discussion of the ell, below. electric horsepower a unit of power, equal to exactly 746 watts (550.221 foot pounds per second), used in the electric industry. This is slightly larger than the ordinary or mechanical horsepower of exactly 550 foot pounds per second. electron (me) the mass of the electron, often used as a unit of mass in particle physics. An electron has a mass of about 9.109 382 x 10-31 kilogram, 9.109 382 x 10-28 gram, or 0.510 9989 million electronvolts (MeV, see next two entries). electronvolt (eV) [1] a unit of work or energy used in physics.

One electronvolt is the work required to move an electron through a potential difference of one volt . The size of the electronvolt must be determined experimentally; the currently accepted value (2014) is 160.176 620 8 x 10-21 joule , or 1.601 766 208 x 10-12 erg . This unit is accepted for use with SI units. The official spelling is electronvolt (one word) rather than electron volt. electronvolt (eV) [2] a unit of mass used in particle physics. Mass and energy are related by Einstein's famous equation, E = mc2. The constant c is the speed of light, 299.79 x 106 m/sec. An energy of 1 electronvolt is therefore equivalent to a mass of about 1.782 662 x 10-33 gram, or about 1.073 544 x 10-9 atomic mass unit . This is such a small unit that most particle masses are measured in MeV or GeV.

ell a traditional unit of length used primarily for measuring cloth. In the English system, one ell equals 20 nails, 45 inches , or 1.25 yards (exactly 1.143 meters). The word comes from the Latin ulna, which originally meant the elbow and is now the name of the bone on the outside of the forearm. The history of the unit is not clear. Some authorities believe the ell was originally a double forearm length, that is, 2 cubits or 36 inches, the same length as a yard . The ell and the yard do seem to be identified in some medieval documents, with ulna being used for both, and in Scotland the ell was equal to 37 Scots inches or 37.2 English inches (94.5 centimeters), only slightly longer than the yard. (This Scottish length might also reflect an old practice of cloth merchants in giving an extra inch with each yard, to allow for any irregular cutting at the ends of the piece.) However, the English cloth ell is definitely longer than the yard; it seems to be the distance from the shoulder to the fingers of the opposite hand.

This reflects a practice of cloth merchants of holding the cloth at the shoulder with one hand and pulling the piece through with the opposite hand. This cloth ell was used with a similar length in France, where it was called the aune. The Dutch el and German elle are a little more than half the English ell; they may represent "arm's-length" units like the Italian braccio , the Russian sadzhen , and the Turkish pik . elle a traditional unit of distance in German speaking countries. The elle varied considerably, but it was always shorter than the English ell or French aune. A typical value in northern Germany was exactly 2 fuss (German feet), which would be close to 24 inches or 60 centimeters. In the south, the elle was usually longer, about 2.5 fuss. In Vienna, the elle was eventually standardized at 30.68 inches (77.93 centimeters). Although the German word Elle is often translated "yard" in English, this is not a very good equivalent. em a printer's unit of relative distance. One em is the height of the type size (in points) being used.

If 12 point type is being set, then one em is 12 points, and so on. See point [2]. emu [1] an abbreviation for "electromagnetic unit." See ab- . emu [2] a CGS unit of magnetic dipole moment equal to 4pi micro- oersteds (1.256 637 x 10-5 Oe). In SI units, one emu equals 0.001 A·m2. emu/cm3 or emu/cc a CGS unit of magnetization. In SI units, one emu/cm3 can be interpreted either as 4pi/10 milli teslas (1.256 637 mT) as a unit of magnetic polarization or excess magnetic induction, or as 1000 amperes per meter as a unit of magnetic dipole moment per unit volume. en a printer's unit of relative distance, equal to 1/2 em. If 12 point type is being set, then one en is 6 points, and so on. encablure a traditional French unit of distance corresponding to the English cable .

The encablure was equal to 120 brasses or 600 pieds; this is about 194.88 meters or 639.37 English feet. Most navies, including the French, now use a metric cable equal to exactly 200 meters; in French this metric unit is sometimes called the encablure nouvelle (new cable). energy factor (EF) a measure of the energy efficiency of an appliance. In the U.S., the Department of Energy has defined energy factors for a variety of appliances. For dishwashers, the energy factor is the number of cycles per kilowatt hour of power input. For clothes washers, it is the capacity of the washer in cubic feet divided by the number of kilowatt hours of power input per washing cycle. For clothes dryers, it is the number of pounds of clothes dried per kilowatt hour of power consumed. engineer's chain see chain . Engler degree a unit of kinematic viscosity given by readings on an Engler viscometer. The reading is the time (in seconds) required for 200 milliliters of the liquid being tested to flow through the device.

The conversion of Engler degrees to absolute units requires an appropriate table, but for liquids having a viscosity of 100 centi stokes or more the Engler degree is roughly equal to 7.6 centistokes. enhanced Fujita scale (EF) the revised Fujita scale for estimating the strength of tornados, implemented by the U.S. National Weather Service in 2007. ennead a unit of quantity equal to 9, coined from the Greek word for nine, ennea. enzyme unit (U or EU) a unit used by biochemists to measure the activity of enzymes, which are proteins produced by living cells to cause or facilitate necessary chemical reactions within the cell. One enzyme unit is the quantity of enzyme needed to cause a reaction to process 1 micro mole of substance per minute under specified conditions. Thus, one enzyme unit has a catalytic activity of 1/60 micro katal (µkt) or 16.667 nanokatals (nkt). eon alternate spelling for aeon, a unit of time equal to 1 billion years. Eotvos unit (E) a unit used in geophysics to measure the change in the acceleration of gravity with horizontal distance.

One Eotvos unit equals 10-9 Gal per centimeter or 10-4 Gal per kilometer. In proper SI terms, the Eotvos unit equals 10-9 per second squared (s-2). The unit honors the Hungarian physicist Roland von Eötvös (1848-1919). ephah a ancient unit of volume for grains and dry commodities, used in the Bible. The ephah is believed to equal about 40.32 liters or 1.4239 cubic feet. This is equivalent to about 1.144 U.S. bushel . epoch [1] a measure of time used in astronomy. In an epoch system, times are specified as years and fractions of years (such as epoch 1998.5). To set a starting point for the system, a specific epoch time must be fixed as a particular clock time of a particular date. In 1984, the International Astronomical Union agreed that epoch times should be fixed by requiring that epoch 2000.0 equals 12 hours Universal Time of the day 2000 January 1.

Other epoch conventions were used in the past. See also Julian epoch . The name comes from a Greek word epoche meaning a stopping point or fixed point. epoch [2] a unit of time equal to 19 years, used in predictions of the tides. In this use, an epoch is another name for a Metonic cycle . All possible alignments of the sun and moon occur in this 19-year cycle, so tidal heights and other tidal phenomena are averaged over this period. equivalent or equivalent weight (Eq) a unit of relative amount of substance used in chemistry. One equivalent weight of an element, compound, or ion is the weight in grams of that substance which would react with or replace one gram of hydrogen. Since one gram of hydrogen is very nearly equal to one mole and since hydrogen has one electron free to react with other substances, 1 Eq of a substance is effectively equal to one mole divided by the valence of the substance (the number of electrons the substance would engage in participating in the reaction). In practice, this is a large unit and measurements are more likely to be in milliequivalents (mEq or meq).

erg the unit of work or energy in the CGS system, equal to the work done by a force of one dyne acting through a distance of one centimeter. Equivalently, one erg is the kinetic energy of a mass of 2 grams moving at a velocity of 1 cm/sec. This is equal to 0.1 micro joule , or about 7.375 x 10-8 foot-pound. The name of the unit is from the Greek word ergon, work. There is no symbol; the word is spelled out in full. Adding prefixes is a problem: 1000 ergs is usually called a kiloerg, but one million ergs is a megalerg, the "l" being added to ease pronunciation. erlang (E) a measure of telecommunications traffic density. The erlang is a dimensionless "unit" representing a traffic density of one call-second per second (or one call-hour per hour, etc.). The erlang is sometimes divided into 36 unit calls or 30 EBHC. Also called the traffic unit (TU), the erlang honors A. K.

Erlang (1878-1929), a Danish mathematician who studied the mathematics of telephone networks. estadio a traditional unit of distance in Spain and Portugal. The estadio, like the stade and the English furlong , is equal to 1/8 mile. The Spanish estadio is equal to 1/8 milla or 625 pies; this is about 571 feet or 174 meters. The Portuguese unit is 1/8 milha, which is much longer: about 856 feet or 261 meters. esu an abbreviation for "electrostatic unit." See stat- . ett- or etto- (h-) Italian spelling for the metric prefix hecto- (100). The hectare, for example, is ettaro in Italian. The International System allows national variations in spelling of the names of units, but not in the symbols used for them; thus the symbol for etto- is h-. etto (hg) an informal Italian name for the hectogram, a unit of mass equal to 100 grams or about 3.5274 ounces .

EU a symbol sometimes used for the enzyme unit (see above). exa- (E-) a metric prefix denoting 1018 (one quintillion in U.S. nomenclature). The Latin and Greek prefix ex- means "out of," and is often used to indicate "a long way," as in the words "expanse" or "extreme." In addition, the prefix suggests the Greek hexa, meaning 6, this being the prefix for 10006. exajoule (EJ) a metric unit of energy. One exajoule equals 947.817 (U.S.) trillion Btu , 277.7778 petawatt hours, or about 9480 mega therms . The unit is often used in discussing global energy production, which is measured in hundreds of exajoules per year. exameter (Em) a metric unit of distance equal to 1015 kilometers. This is equivalent to about 621.371 trillion miles , 105.7 light years , or 32.408 parsecs .

One exameter is approximately the distance from the earth to the Hyades star cluster in Taurus. exbi- (Ei-) a binary prefix meaning 260 = 1 152 921 504 606 846 976. This prefix, adopted by the International Electrotechnical Commission in 1998, replaces exa- for binary applications in computer science. The prefix is a contraction of "exabinary." exposure value (EV) a unit used in photography to describe relative exposure. EV 0 is assigned to a specific combination of exposure time and lens aperture, such as 1 second at f/ 1. The difference between two exposure values is equal to the number of stops separating the two exposure settings. Different combinations of exposure time and lens aperture can have the same exposure value; the unit was invented to simplify the relationship. Regardless of camera settings, EV 6 is one stop "faster" than EV 5, that is, an EV 6 setting records an image with half as much light as an EV 5 setting.

eyesight Workbook | Article about workbook by The Free Dictionary Workbook | Article about workbook by The Free Dictionary Related to workbook: spreadsheet work, in physics and mechanics, transfer of energy by a force acting to displace a body. Work is equal to the product of the force and the distance through which it produces movement. Although both force force, commonly, a "push" or "pull," more properly defined in physics as a quantity that changes the motion, size, or shape of a body. Force is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. ..... Click the link for more information. and displacement are vector vector, quantity having both magnitude and direction; it may be represented by a directed line segment. Many physical quantities are vectors, e.g., force, velocity, and momentum. ..... Click the link for more information. quantities, having both magnitude and direction, work is a scalar quantity, having only magnitude. If the force acts in a direction other than that of the motion of the body, then only that component of the force in the direction of the motion produces work.

Thus when a 5-lb (22.4-newton) force pulls a body 10 ft (3 m), it does 50 foot-pounds (67.2 meter-newtons) of work. If a force acts on a body constrained to remain stationary, no work is done by the force. Even if the body is in motion, the force must have a component in the direction of motion. Thus, any centripetal force, such as the sun's gravitational pull on the earth, does no work because it acts at right angles to the motion and has no component in that direction (see centripetal force and centrifugal force centripetal force and centrifugal force, action-reaction force pair associated with circular motion. According to Newton's first law of motion, a moving body travels along a straight path with constant speed (i.e. ..... Click the link for more information. ). When there is no friction friction, resistance offered to the movement of one body past another body with which it is in contact. In certain situations friction is desired. Without friction the wheels of a locomotive could not "grip" the rails nor could power be transmitted by belts. ..... Click the link for more information.

and a force acts on a body, the work done by the force is equal to the increase of the kinetic and potential energy of the body, since all the energy expended by the agency exerting the force must be gained by the body. If frictional forces are present, then some of the work must go to overcome friction and appears finally in the form of heat energy. A simple machine machine, arrangement of moving and stationary mechanical parts used to perform some useful work or to provide transportation. From a historical perspective, many of the first machines were the result of human efforts to improve war-making capabilities; the term engineer ..... Click the link for more information. is a device for converting work into another form of energy. For example the jackscrew converts an input of work done on the machine to raise the load. The efficiency of a machine, which is defined as the ratio of the work output to the work input, is always less than one, since some of the input is invariably wasted in overcoming friction. The element of time does not enter into the computation of work; the time rate of doing work is called power power, in physics, time rate of doing work or of producing or expending energy.

The unit of power based on the English units of measurement is the horsepower, devised for describing mechanical power by James Watt, who estimated that a horse can do 550 ft-lb of work per sec; a ..... Click the link for more information. . One horsepower horsepower, unit of power in the English system of units. It is equal to 33,000 foot-pounds per minute or 550 foot-pounds per second or approximately 746 watts. The term horsepower ..... Click the link for more information. is an expenditure of 33,000 foot-pounds per minute. Some of the units used to measure work are the foot-pound, the erg erg , unit of work or energy in the cgs system of units, which is based on the metric system; it is the work done or energy expended by a force of 1 dyne acting through a distance of 1 centimeter. ..... Click the link for more information. , and the joule joule , abbr.

J, unit of work or energy in the mks system of units, which is based on the metric system; it is the work done or energy expended by a force of 1 newton acting through a distance of 1 meter. The joule is named for James P. Joule. ..... Click the link for more information. . Work In physics, the term work refers to the transference of energy that occurs when a force is applied to a body that is moving in such a way that the force has a component in the direction of the body's motion. Thus work is done on a weight that is being lifted, or on a spring that is being stretched or compressed, or on a gas that is undergoing compression in a cylinder. When the force acting on a moving body is constant in magnitude and direction, the amount of work done is defined as the product of just two factors: the component of the force in the direction of motion, and the distance moved by the point of application of the force. Thus the defining equation for work W is given below, where f and s are the magnitudes of the force and displacement, respectively, and &phgr; is the angle between these two vector quantities (see illustration).

Because f cos &phgr; · s = f · s cos &phgr; work may be defined alternatively as the product of the force and the component of the displacement in the direction of the force. Work of constant force f is fs cos &phgr; The work done is positive in sign whenever the force or any component of it is in the same direction as the displacement; one then says that work is being done by the agent exerting the force and on the moving body. The work is said to be negative whenever the direction of the force or force component is opposite to that of the displacement; then work is said to be done on the agent and by the moving body. From the point of view of energy, an agent doing positive work is losing energy to the body on which the work is done, and one doing negative work is gaining energy from that body. The work principle, which is a generalization from experiments on many types of machines, asserts that, during any given time, the work of the forces applied to the machine is equal to the work of the forces resisting the motion of the machine, whether these resisting forces arise from gravity, friction, molecular interactions, or inertia.

The work done by any conservative force, such as a gravitational, elastic, or electrostatic force, during a displacement of a body from one point to another has the important property of being path-independent: Its value depends only on the initial and final positions of the body, not upon the path traversed between these two positions. On the other hand, the work done by any nonconservative force, such as friction due to air, depends on the path followed and not alone on the initial and final positions, for the direction of such a force varies with the path, being at every point of the path tangential to it. See Energy , Force work

Question: What is the name for the unit of work done by a force of 1 dyne moving through a distance of 1 centimetre?
Answer: Erg