Simple Illustrated Guide to Greek Mythology THE UNDERWORLD AND ITS MYTHS The Underworld In the Greek Mythology, all spirits after death went to the Underworld. But to go, a proper burial was needed. Also, a coin, or 'obola' would be placed under the tongue of the dead, since this fare was given to the boatsman, Charon, in order to cross the river Acheron, to reach the underworld. It was said that Artemis and Apollos was partook in shooting arrows at the men and women who died a natural death, and various others Gods caused other deaths. Hermes had the role of transporter of souls, or Pyschopompus to the Underworld. There were a few entrances to the underworld. one in Taenarum, in southern Greece, anothe rin Sicily. The "shadows" ashe soul of the death were called, were conducted through this entrances down to the banks of the River Acheron in the underworld, where they were met by an elderly man rowu=ing a boat, Charon.

Charon would inspect for the obolos was present, the shadow had to wait on the shore for one hundred years, before being ferried crossed. On the other shore lay the Gate to the Underworld, guarded by the three headed dog , Cerberus , who would keep all shadows from returning to the upper world. They were met the three infernal judges, Minos, Rhadamanthys, and Aeacus, who determined the souls ultimate destination in the Underworld, of which were three possibilities. 1) Plain of Asphodeal 2) Elysium Fields 3) Tartarus Most of the dead were sent to the 'Plain of Asphodel', a dreary place where souls went about the same activities they pursued in the Upper World, in a slow mechanical fashion. A small number of the souls who were heroic in some way were sent to the "Island of the Blest", or "Elysium Fields. Here were the poets, brave soldiers, priests, living in care free existence, perpetually happy, living a blissful life. At the bottom of the Underworld were sent the wicked and dammed, an area called Tartarus, a place of eternal darkness. Here, the dammed were tortured.

Amongst the inhabitants were Sisyphus, the Danaids, Tityus, Ixion, Salmoneus, Tantalus, the Titans, The Hundred-Handed Giants, Otus and Ephialtes, Phlegyas, and Ocnus. They all had done especially sinful acts, usually against the Gods. Ruling over the Underworld was Hades and his wife, Persephone. They were usually surrounded by a retinue, which include the Furies, Hecate , and various other spirits. Near their throne was the Chairs of Forgetfulness, which, if one was unlucky enough to sit ther one would stay ther forever, as did Pirithous in his quest for the hand of Persephone (See myth of Theseus).

From the foot of the thrones of Hades and Persephone flowed the rivers which channelled the Lower Lord: 1) Cocytus, rolling salt waves, composed of nothing but the tears flowing contunually from the eyes of the criminals condemned to hard labour in Tartarus 2) Phlegethon, a river of fire 3) Acheron, a black and deep stream to be passed by all souls were they reached Hades' throne and heard his decree; the current of this stream was so sift that even the boldest swimmer could not pass over; Charon ferried the souls across with the only available boat 4) Stix: by whose waters the gods swore their most irrevocable oaths, and whose waters transmitted invulnerability, as ocuured when the Thetis dipped her son, Achilles, into the river by his heels. Since his heels did not make a contact with the water they were vulnerable. 5) Lethe, whose waters had hte power to make one forget all unplesant things, thus preparing the good for a state of endless bliss in the Elysian Fields.

The Danaids The Danaids were so named because they were 50 daughters of King Daneus, who resided in Egipt, near his brother, King Aegyptus (after whom the country is named) and has his 50 sons. King Aegyptus proposed a mass marriage between families, but King Daneus, fearing treachery, fled with his 50 daughters to the Greek isle of Argos . But Aegyptus was persistent, following his brother and his children to Argos. Finally, Dameus appeared to agree to the arrangement. But secretly, he equipped all his daughters with daggers, to kill their husbands on their wedding night. All except one, Hypermestra, did so. Hypermestra did not, because she had been spared her virginity. To punish such henious act, the Danaids were forever condemned to Tartarus. Their duty consisted of having to fetch water from the river, with jars full of holes, a task of unending futility. Sisyphus A well-know myth. Sisyphus was the son of the King of the Winds, Aelous.

He caught sight of Zeus, carrying off a river-nymph, Aegina. Aeginas' father, Aesopus, searched for her, asking Sisyphus' help. Sisyphus revealed the identity of Zeus to Asopus. For his betrayal, Zeus sentenced Sisyphus to Tartarus, where he had to ask of rolling a huge stone up a hill, always to roll back just before reaching the top. Today, a 'Sisyphean task' denotes effort which is unceasing, never reaching the goal intended. Salmoneus One thing the Olympian Gods could not tolerate was a mortal having the arrogance to imitate them. This act was done by Salmoneus, brother of Sisyphus, who, as King of Ellis, drove his chariot, throwing torches to imitate the thunderbolts of Zeus, and dragging metals behind the chariot to imitate thunder. For this act , Zeus condemned Salmoneus to the underworld, in the section of Tartarus. In biology, a genus of bacteria, Salmonella, which causes typhoid fever, is named after this king.

Tityus Tityus, influenced by jealous Hera, attempted to rape Leto, mother of Artemis and Apollo, and affair of Zeus'. For this impious act, Zeus sent Tityus, a Giant, to Tartarus, where he was bound hand and foot, to have vultures eternally feed on his liver, a punishment similar to that suffered by Prometheus, in the Caucasus, in Asia Minor. Ixion King of hessaly, north of Greece, Ixion intended to marry a princess, for whom he was to apay a dowry. However, he lured his future father-in-law to a hidden pit of burning coals, into which he fell and died. Ixion travelled the lands , attempting to be purified of such a crime , but no-one would do it. Zeus, feeling sorry for Ixion, invited him to Olympus to be purified. But Ixion tried to seduce Zeus' wife Hera, who told Zeus of such attempt. To test Ixion, Zeus fashion a cloud , resembling Hera, with which Ixion coupled, producing , incidentally, the Centaurs.

Zeus sentenced Ixion to Tartarus, tied to a fiery, spinning wheel , revolving continuously. Otus and Ephialtes Twin giants, they fell in love with the two Olympian goddesses Hera and Artemis. They attempted to assault Mt. Olympus to abduct the goddesses. But Artemis influenced a deer run between them, and the Giants each threw a spear at the interposed deer, missing the target, but killing each other. In Tartarus , they were tied to a column with live snakes, back to back. Tantalus Son of Zeus and the Titaness Pluto, Tantalus ruled the country of Lydia, a man of great wealth, and arrogance. He invited the Olympian Gods to dine with him, and to test the Gods' divinity,, he cooked his own son, Pelops, in a stew, serving it to the Gods. He is said also to have stolen ambrosia and nectar from Mt. Olympus. For these severe transgressions , Tantalus was sent to Tartarus, to suffer continual thrist and hunger . he was placed in a pool, neck-deep. Everytime he attempted to drink the water, it would recede.

Fruits trees hung above him. Everytime he tried to pluck the fruit, wind will blow the branches away from his grasp. In addition, a great stone hung above his head, held by a thread, causing him to live in constant fear. The English word "tantalize" is derived from his myth, meaning to tease by exposing to view, but keeping out of reach something much desired. Phlegyas Son of Ares and Chryse, Phlegyas was King of the Lapithae in Thessaly, father of Ixion. The Olympian, Apollo, violated Phlegyas went to Delphi, and burned the sacred temple of Apollo there. For this sacrilegious act, Phlegyas was sent to Tartarus, tried to wall, with a large stone at the edge of a cliff above, forever keeping Phlegyas in terror. The Giants and The Titans As discussed in Chapter 2, Zeus condemened the Titans to Tartarus, after he overthrew them and Cronus, his father. The Giants were also sent to Tartarus to guard the Titans, so they would not cause more trouble for Mt. Olympus.

Ocnus Ocnus' punishment in Tartarus was somewhat comical. He was doomed to knit a rope of straw, which was continuously eaten by a donkey as it was being made. In the Upper World, Ocnus had been married to an extravagant wife, who continuously spent his money after he earned it. It was thought that Ocnus, in a fit of anger, murdered his wife, prompting his punishment in Tartarus of endless knitting of rope, a task, like many others in Tartarus,of ceaseless frustation. AP English Literature and Composition Study Guide (2013-14 White) - Instructor White at Stillwater High School - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. AP English Literature and Composition Study Guide (2013-14 White) AP English Literature and Composition Study Guide (2013-14 White) StudyBlue Either a) tried to share the divine ambrosia with other morals, or b) served the gods the body of his own son, Pelops. As punishment, he was eternally "tantalized" with hunger and thirst in Tartarus.

His family was ill-fated. Tantalus Invited the gods to a banquet and served them the dismembered body of his own son, Pelops; when the gods discovered the trick, they punished Tantalus and restored Pelops to life, replacing with ivory a part of the shoulder which had been eaten by Demeter. Taunted by hunger and thirst in Tartoros. Advertisement ) Tantalus Immersed to his neck in water and fruit hung above his head. He abused the guest-host relationship. Shared ambrosia with mortals or served sons body to the gods. He had an ill fated family. Tantalus chops up Pelos (his son) and serves him to the gods to test their omniscience; Demeter eats his shoulder; punishment --> sit near stream/fruit tree but cannot eat or drink ("tantalize") Tantalus -served his own son, Pelops, at a banquet for the Gods -condemned in Hades--can't satisfy his desire for food or drink Sisyphus Was sly and evil. Betrayed the secrets of the gods. Chained the god of death.(Thanatos) so the deceased could not reach the underworld.

He was forced to roll a rock up a hill which would only fall back down at the top. Sisyphus he seduced Odysseus' mother--> he rolls a boulder over a hill but it rolls back down imprisoned in Tartarus for killing his guests, sleeping with his niece and betraying secrets of Zeus;: punishment; rolling a rock up a hill for eternity Ixion Was the first to shed kindred blood -- made his father-in-law fall into a pit of coals. Desired to sleep with Hera, and impregnated a cloud-image of her, producing Centarus, the father of centaurs. For punishment, he was bound to a winged/flaming wheel and forced to call out "You should show gratitude to your benefactor." Ixion Attempted to sleep with Hera while a guest of Zeus produced Centaurus with cloud image Nephele tied to a fiery, ever turning wheel Ixion He killed his father in law and was lustful with Hera. Zeus blasted him with a lightning bolt and he is forever spinning on a burning wheel.

ixion Sin: murder of father-in-law, attempted to rape Hera Gives birth to the first centaur when he rapes the fake Hera Punishment: wrapped around a wheel and held by a snake and turn in the fire for eternity Ixion -put on flaming wheel as punishment Prometheus Tricked the gods into eating bare bones.Stole the sacred fire from the gods. Did not tell Zeus the prophecy about one of his son's overthrowing him. Was chained for eternity, each day an eagle would eat his liver, and then it would be restored. Heracles finally killed the eagle. Prometheus stole fire from the gods and gave it to the humans. Taught them all the arts and skills that make humans unique. Zeus punished him by making an eagle eat out his liver that would grow back everyday. Advertisement Prometheus Tricked the gods into eating bones instead of meat. Has is liver eaten by an eagle and restored every day as punishment. Heracles Is very strong -- strangled two serpents as a baby, killed a lion before manhood.Main antagonist was Hera. Killed his own and his brother's children. Exiled himself and consulted the oracle, which told him to perform twelve labors.

After completing the twelve labors, he returned and married Deianira. Deianura obtained some blood that could supposedly "preserve his love", but actually poisoned him. He was taken to Olympus and given immortality. Heracles This hero is famous for his strength, he was forced to complete 12 dangerous and difficult tasks as penance for killing his own children in a mad fenzy. Achilles His mother attempted to make her son immortal in two different fashions, the most famous when she dipped his whole body (minus the heel) into the river Styx. Because it was prophesied Troy could not be taken without him, his mother sent away and disguised him as a young girl. His disguise was penetrated by Odysseus, who brought him to fight for Troy. In a mix-up, his best friend is killed, and he avenges his death. He was wounded in the heel with an arrow and died. Achilles Son of Peleus & Thetis. When a baby he was dipped in river Styx which made him invulnerable. Only his heel, which Thetis held, could be wounded. Achilles Son of Peleus & Thetis.

When a baby he was dipped in river Styx which made him invulnerable. Only his heel, which Thetis held, could be wounded. He died when he was shot in the heel. Achilles Son of Peleus & Thetis. When a baby he was dipped in river Styx which made him invulnerable. Only his heel, which Thetis held, could be wounded. Greatest war hero Shot by Paris. Turned into ashes. Minotaur Offspring of Minos' wife and a bull Minos promised to sacrifice to Poseidon. Head of a bull, body of a man. Was locked in an intricate labyrinth, fed tributes. Theseus used a ball of thread to navigate the labyrinth and kill the Minotaur. Minotaur legendary half-man, half-bull monster that was imprisoned permanently in a labyrinth, or maze, created by Daedalus; Seven boys and seven girls sacrificed to him every month. Minotaur legendary half-man, half-bull monster that was imprisoned permanently in a labyrinth, or maze, created by Daedalus Killed by Thesus For nine years, 7 youths were sacrificed. Minotaur Took Athena's flute and challenged Apollo to a contest.

Apollo won, but punished him for even challenging him. Was skinned alive, his blood turned into a river named after him. Marsyas -lost in a contest with apollo and was skinned alive and turned into a river Marsyas Finds Athena's flute and masters it; loses in a flute contest against Apollo and is skinned alive. His blood was then turned into the river Marsyas. Marsyas Finds Athena's flute and masters it; loses in a flute contest against Apollo and is skinned alive Nymphs Depicted as young, pretty girls. Nymph Young, pretty girls. Each presides over an aspect of nature. nymphs God of the west wind. Abducted the goddess Chloris and gave her dominion over flowers. Zephyrus god of the west wind Zephyrus Greek God of the west wind Brother is Boreas (North Wind) Eurus (East wind) and Nutus (South wind) Aurora Personification of the dawn. Her tears cause dew. Asked Zeus to grant one of her husbands immortality, but forgot to ask for everlasting youth. Aurora godess of the dawn Aurora Lovely woman who announces the rise of the sun. Her sons are the four winds.

The morning dew is because of her crying over the death of one of her sons. Zeus granted her husband immortality, but not everlasting youth. Aurora Announces the sun's rising. Asked Zeus for her husband to have immortality but forgot to ask for everlasting youth for him. Aurora personification of dawn, tears=dew, equal to Eros Eros God of love and sexual desire. Young, winged boy. Shot two types of arrows to cause love and indifference. Mischievous. His mother, Aphrodite, wanted him to shoot an arrow into Psyche causing her to fall in love with the ugliest man on earth. He fell in love with Psyche, but hid his identity. When she lit the lamp, it awakened him, and he fled. Psyche roamed the earth, and they were eventually reunited and married. Eros God of love Eros God of sexual desire and love. Fertility god, very beautiful and is often depicted as a winged boy with bows and arrows (Cupid) Eros Fell in love with Psyche Eros Psyche, zeus reunited, arrow of lead Circe Has the ability to turn men into animals. Has knowledge of magic and poisonous herbs.

Turned Odysseus' men into pigs. Had no power over Odysseus. Warned him of the sirens. Bore a child with Odysseus. Circe Enchantress who helped Odysseus but also turned his crew into pigs Circe The beautiful witch-goddess who transforms Odysseus’s crew into swine when he lands on her island. With Hermes’ help, Odysseus resists HER powers and then becomes her lover, living in luxury at her side for a year. They had a baby together. Circe The beautiful witch-goddess who transforms Odysseus’s crew into swine when he lands on her island. With Hermes’ help, Odysseus resists Circe’s powers and then becomes her lover, living in luxury at her side for a year. Circe Glaucus comes to her for help to win over Scylla, but she ends up falling in love with him instead. She poisons the water where Scylla bathes out of jealousy. Calypso Fell in love with Odysseus and promised him immortality if he stayed with her.

Held Odysseus prisoner for seven years until Zeus ordered her to let him go. Calypso Beautiful nymph on the island of Ogygia with whom Odysseus stays for seven years; she offers Odysseus immortality if he will stay Calypso Nymph, daughter of Atlas. Saved Odysseus and wouldn't let him leave her island for 7 years. calypso sea goddess who loved odysseus, held 7 years Atlas Punished for storming the heavens. Condemned to bear the heavens on his shoulders. Usually depicted as a man bearing a globe. Atlas Carries the world on his shoulders; part of the attack on the gods Atlas Scion of the titans, the Greek race of giants. King of Atlantis. As a punishment for storming the heavens, Zeus made him forever bear the heavens on his shoulders. Atlas One of the titans, is forced to carry the heavens. Turned to stone by Perseus who used Medusa's head. Atlas earth on shoulders, golden apples and heracles Phaethon Induced his father, Helios, to let him drive the chariot across the sun.

He drove too close to the earth and threatened to scorch it. Zeus destroyed him with a thunderbolt. He fell into the river Eridanus and was mourned by river nymphs. The Ethiopians were scorched, and their skins had turned black. Phaethon Son of Clymene and Phoebus. Dies while trying to drive the chariot. Phaethon Son of Helios. Tried to fly the sun and brought destruction to his village by losing control of the horses. Zeus killed him with lighting and from them on no one was allowed to drive the sun but Apollo. Phaethon Son of Apollo. Tried to fly the sun and brought destruction to his village by losing control of the horses. Zeus killed him with lighting and from them on no one was allowed to drive the sun but Apollo. Helios God of the sun. Depicted as a boy with a halo. Rides in his chariot pulled by four horses. helios sun god Helios God of the sun. 6 kids. Gymnastics were held in his honor. Attributes are whip, globe and sacred animals are cocks and eagles.

Helios Headband of sun rays Okeanos (Oceanus) Source of all the earth's fresh water. The sun, moon, and stars rose from and set into its waters. The Elysian Fields Final resting place for the souls of heroes and virtuous men. Island of the Blessed: heroes Lethean Fields: virtuous. If a soul was reincarnated three times and made it to Elysia, it would permanently be given a home in the Island of the Blessed. Elysian Fields the place where souls of the good went after death: a peaceful, beautiful location, full of meadows, groves, sunlight, and fresh air. afterlife realm reserved for heroes of myth, the place where souls of the good went after death: a peaceful, beautiful location, full of meadows, groves, sunlight, and fresh air. Elysian fields final resting place for heros, Islands of the Blessed and a netherworld realm Elysian Fields Meadow where Zeus' favs enjoy perfect happiness, underworld for those who'd been judged worthy isles of the blessed Hades Located at the end of the earth, on the far western shore of Okeanos. A judge named Minos.

The ferryman of the dead, Kharon. Hades The land of the dead. Also known as Tartarus or Klysium. Hades Final resting place for departed sould. Dark and dismal. This is where the tartatean hell is. Hades Land of the Dead, on the edge of earth Hades Land of the dead, dead cross a river with three headed dog Hades Shown as throned in underworld holding bird tipped scepter, or giver of wealth pouring fertility from a cornucopia. Tartarus A great pit beneath the earth. The prison of the damned. Tartarus Great pit beneath the earth. Great sphere or void. Upper half is the dome of heaven and the lower half is the pit of (BLANK). Far beneath Haides. Bronze set with gates guarded by 100 giants. Prisoners of the dammed. Tartarus the dreaded place of torment and suffering for terrible sins. As might be expected, it is to the left and deeper in the underworld Tartarus cosmic pit outside of earth, prison of damned Tartarus Secured with wall of bronze, and hundred handed giants, prison house of the damned Hyperborea Realm of eternal spring.

Covered in rich, beautiful forests. Swans. Most famous prophet was Abaris. Hyperborea Famous realm of eternal springs. Long living people. Free of war, old age and disease. Surrounded by the great river. Two growing seasons. A theocracy ruled by three priests of the god Apollon. Hyperborea Goddesses of evening, golden light of sunlight. Keeper of the tree of golden apples Hesperides -guard the golden apples (marriage gift from Gaia to Hera) -Ladon guards apples (snake brother of Gorgons) The Hesperides Goddesses of the evening and golden light of sunset. Three nymphs. Keeper of treasures of the other gods. The Hesperides Goddesses of evening, golden light of sunlight. Keeper of the tree of golden apples Three nymphs Father Time, The Grim Reaper. His mother, Gaia, wanted him to help her prevent his father, Uranus, from impregnating her He cuts off Uranus' genitals using a sickle He later began swallowing his own children, but Zeus was prevented from being swallowed.

Cronus Swallowed all his children for fear of them turning on him and killing him; Zeus was spared by Rhea tricking Cronus into eating stone. Father time, grim reaper. Cronus Uranus' son. Married sister Rhea. Castrated father to help his mother. He ate his own children so they wouldn't overthrow him. His wife tricked him and saved their children. Zeus is his son. In art, he is depicted carrying a sickle used to gather harvest and was also used to castrated Uranus. Cronus A Titan that married Rhea. Has 6 children, which are gods. Zeus kills him. sickle Ganymede Young, beautiful boy that became the lover of Zeus and Eos (Aurora). Was cupbearer to the gods. Ganymede -Zeus has an affair with him and makes him cup bearer Ganymede Boy that became Zeus' lover. He was a cupbearer for the gods. Kidnapped by Eros Ganymede Cupbearer of the gods, gay Mnemosyne Goddess of memory. Inventor of words.

Mnemosyne memory, mother of the muses Mnemosyne recollection and commemoration (mother of muses) Mnemosyne Goddesses who presided over arts and sciences. The Nine Muses Goddesses of artistic inspiration. They are symbolized by items representing the arts. Muses Daughters of Zeus; thought to inspire artists and musicians Moirae The Fates. Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos. Ugly hags, cold and unmerciful. Moirae The Fates descended from Nyx and Erebus. Clotho, she who spun the Thread Lachesis, she who measured the Thread Astropos, the Goddess of Death, she who snips the Thread Moirae The Fates descended from Nyx and Erebus. Clotho, she who spun the Thread Lachesis, she who measured the Thread Astropos, the Goddess of Death, she who snips the Thread Controlled the fate of everyone. Moirae 3 Fates: Clotho the spinner, Lachesis the apportioner, and Atropos the inevitable Graeae Three "old women" or "gray ones". Guardians of the Gorgons.

Only one eye and one tooth which they share among them. Graeae -sisters to the Gorgons themselves -had one eye and one tooth between them, which they shared Graeae sisters to the Gorgons had only one eye and one tooth to share between them (stole eye) inform Perseus on where to find the nymphs that will give him tools to defeat Gorgon Graeae 3 hags, one eye and one tooth Gorgons Turns anyone who laid eyes upon it to stone. Gorgons children of Phorcys and Ceto Gorgons Monstrous feminine creature that caused people to turn to stone, beard, live in ultimate west Callisto Nymph. Associated with Artemis, goddess of the hunt. Zeus raped her, and she became pregnant. Artemis was furious. Hera transformed her into a bear. Callisto Raped by Zeus and became pregnant cast out from Artemis' band of virgins Hera turned her into a bear - her son (Arcas the hunter) attempts to kill her Zeus turns them into constellations Callisto Nymph who was associated with the goddess of the hunt, Artmeis.

Hunted with the goddess and remained virgins. Artmeis favorite. Zeus raped her and she got pregnant, Zeus' wife turned her into a bear. Her and her son got put into the sky as constellations. Callisto A young woman who had taken a vow of virginity, but was raped by Zeus, became pregnant, and therefore kicked out of Artemis' band. Callisto A young woman who had taken a vow of virginity, but was raped by Zeus, became pregnant, and therefore kicked out of Artemis' band. BEAR Perseus Sent adrift with his mother, Danae Was sent to bring back the head of Gorgon Medusa. Used the Gorgon's head to turn Atlas to stone. Fell in love with Andromeda. Perseus Kills Medusa, Polydectes. Son of Zeus and Danae from the golden shower. Rescues and marries Andromeda. Grandfather of Heracles. Kills Medusa, Polydectes. Son of Zeus and Danae from the golden shower. Rescues and marries Andromeda.

He accidently kills his grandfather by throwing a discus Perseus Helped by Hermes and Athena Mother: Danae; Father: Zeus Rescues and marries Andromeda Kills Medusa, Polydectes. Son of Zeus and Danae from the golden shower. Son=adrift at sea.Rescues and marries Andromeda. Grandfather of Heracles. Perseus Danae's son, gets Medusa's head thanks to Hermes and Athena went around killing people (girls dad and grandpa) with Medusa head Danae Mother of Perseus (zeus came to her in a shower of gold) Cast into the sea in a chest with her son, and rescued. Danae Daughter of Acrisius, mother of Perseus. Zeus is in love with her and while she is in the chamber he falls on her as a golden shower, making love to her. She bears Perseus as her son. The child is unknown from Acrisius for 4 years until Perseus makes noise playing. Acrisius puts HER and Perseus in a chest and sets it afloat to sea.

Danae While Danae is locked in a chamber, Zeus, appearing in a shower of gold, impregnates her. Mother of Perseus Centaur. Wanted to violate Deianira, the wife of Heracles. Gave Deianara his dying blood which later poisoned Hercles. Nessus A centaur killed by Heracles, but had his revenge and was the bringer of Heracle's death. Carried Deianaria across a river, then tried to have her. Heracle's shot him with a poisoned arrow across the river. Gave her his blood and poisoned soaked tunic, telling her to make him wear it if she was suspicious of his loyalty. It kills him. Nessus A centaur killed by Heracles, but had his revenge and was the bringer of Heracle's death. Carried Deianaria across a river, then tried to have her. Heracle's shot him with a poisoned arrow across the river. Gave her his blood and poisoned soaked tunic, telling her to make him wear it if she was suspicious of his loyalty. But the shirt poisoned Heracles. Nessus - Centaur who ferried travelers for small fee. -Attempted to rape Deinaira.

Killed by Heracles. -Gave Deinaira a love potion containing his blood and semen. Flora Goddesses of vengeance Three sisters. Placed in the Underworld. Cruel but fair. Furies Roman goddess of vengeance. 3 sisters (Alecto, Titiphone and Magaera). Placed underground by Virgil. Said to be cruel, but very fair. Furies Three sisters, goddesses of vengeance furies 3 fair goddesses of vengeance Silenus Teacher and faithful companion of the wine god, Dionysus Usually totally drunk. Plump, jovial, bald old man with a long beard and stump nose and horse's tail. Silenus Either a general term for any old satyr or a name of one satyr in particular -ugly, drunken, extremely fat one -usually depicted with thick lips and a pug nose -often riding on an ass (and drunkenly trying to maintain their balance).

Teacher and companion of the wine god Dionysus Silenus Dionysus's fat old drinking buddy Silenus Either a general term for any old satyr or a name of one satyr in particular -ugly, drunken, extremely fat one -usually depicted with thick lips and a pug nose -often riding on an ass (and drunkenly trying to maintain their balance) silenus Eats sailors if too close Scylla Lives near Charybdis Eats sailors if too close Glaucus loved her but she didn't love him, so Circe turned her into a sea monster out of rage. Scylla Daughter of King Nisus of Megara, fell in love with King Minos and offered him her father's purple lock of hair but Minos rejected her, she is then furious and heartbroken and vows to wreck his ship, then jumps into the ocean, her father was turned into a hark, she was turned into a bird named "Ciris" Scylla Loves King Minos, is willing to betray her nation to gain Minos' love. Cuts off her father's purple lock of hair and gives it to Minos as a token of her love. Is rejected by Minos.

Follows Minos' ship into the sea. Is changed into a bird -- Ciris. Scylla Is loved by Glaucus. Is turned into a monster when she bathes in the water poisoned by Circe. Nymph-turned-6-headed monster by Circe, encountered by Odysseus, later turned into a rock Charybdis Nymph. Zeus turned her into a whirlpool. Charybdis enormous and dangerous whirlpool Charybdis female monster who sucks water three times a day to form a deadly whirpool. (scholars believe the character is based on a real whirpool in the Strait of Messina.) Charybdis Bird bodies with female heads. Lured mariners with their voices. Sirens Creatures who lure sailors to their death with their beautiful song. Odysseus makes his crew tie him to the mast so he can listen to their music. Sirens Sea nymphs whose beautiful and mysterious music lures sailors to steer their ships towards the rocks. Head of a female, body of a bird. Sirens Sea nymphs whose beautiful and mysterious music lures sailors to steer their ships towards the rocks. Pegasus Winged horse.

Pegasus winged horse that springs from the neck of Medusa after her head is severed by Perseus sprang from the blood of Medusa after she was beheaded by Perseus Winged Horse came from the blood of Medusa winged horse and could fly caught by Bellerophon- kicked him off when he tried to ride him up to Olympus lives in Zeus' stalls and carries his thunderbolts Pegasus Flying horse, made from blood of Medusa's head. Helps Bellerophon kill the Chimaera. Pegasus Winged horse with Perseus (and somebody else) became a constellation Sphinx Demon of death, destruction, and bad luck. Those who could not solve her riddle were strangled. Sphinx male statue of a lion with the head of a human, sometimes with wings. Riddles. Means "to strangle". Sphinx A fabled monster; usually having the head and wings of an angle and the body of a lion. Leucothea Venus caused Apollo to love her. Is buried alive by her father. Apollo sprinkles nectar on her grave, and she turns into a fragrant flower. Leucothea She loved Apollo.

Her dad found out about her affair with Apollo so her dad buried her alive. Apollo sprinkled fertilizer on her and she turned into frankincense leucothea buried by father after clytie told of her affair with apollo Apollo Venus causes him to fall in love with Leucothea. Is loved by Clytie. Sprinkles nectar on Leucothea's grave. Clytie Loves Apollo. Becomes jealous of Leucothea. Becomes depressed and lonely and turns into a flower. Clytie -a nymph who falls in love with the sun, but the sun does not return her love. She can't stop fixating on him, and she turns into a sunflower, her face moving back and forth with the sun. Phoebus Makes fun of Cupid's bow and arrow, so Cupid shoots him and Daphne. Chases Daphne. Vows to always wear laurels after Daphne turns into a laurel tree. Phoebus God of light. Loved the river gods daughter, but she didn't love him. He chased her through the woods, but she never stopped running from him.

So HE turned the girl into a Laurel tree so HE could admire her forever. Daphne Is shot by Cupid's lead arrow. Is chased by Phoebus. Turns into a laurel tree. -another love interest of Apollo - But SHE wanted to remain unmarried like artemis so she ran away from apollo through the woods -Apollo made that tree his tree and wore wreathes out of it. Jupiter/Jove Sees Io and wants to meet her in a shady forest. Casts a dark cloud to conceal their loving. Turns Io into a cow, which he gives to his wife, Juno, to hide his affair. Sends Mercury to kill Argus. Io Is turned into a white cow by Jupiter. As a cow, is guarded by Argus. Is chased by a Fury to the Nile. Juno allows her to be turned back into a human. Io A god turned her into a cow. She still knew who she was and was able to tell her father who she was. The god finally devised a plan to save her from the person keeping her. The god finally got Zeus to turn her back into a human. Juno Jupiter's wife.

Is suspicious of her husband's "cow" and requests it as a gift to trap him. Sends a Fury to chase Io after Argus is killed. Charon takes souls of the dead across river to gate of Tartarus requires passage money Andromeda Beautiful princess that is chained to a rock as an offering to a sea monster. Perseus saves her by showing the sea monster Medusa's head, and marries her. Minos The king of Crete in Greek mythology, Minos is portrayed by Dante as a giant beast who stands at the Second Circle of Hell, deciding where the souls of sinners shall be sent for torment. Upon hearing a given sinner’s confession, Minos curls his tail around himself a specific number of times to represent the circle of Hell to which the soul should be consigned. Minos Tartaros Great pit beneath the Earth. Its the realm under hades. Where you went if you were immoral. Daphne and Phoebus One chased the other until she turned into a tree; they were shot by Cupid, one with lust and the other with indifference. Io and Jupiter One raped the other. To save her from Juno, he turned her into a white ox.

Argus watched the ox until Mercury beheaded him. Leucothea and Clytie Flowers. In love with Apollo. One is a sunflower, the other a violet. Jupiter Turned his mistress into a cow. He, along with his son Mercury, devised a plan to kill the guy guarding his mistress (The guy is Argus, had 100 eyes). After Mercury killed Argus, Zeus turned the cow back into a human Hercales Son of Zeus and Alcmena, the hero of the Labors, who, after death, divides his time in the Underworld and Olympus Killed his own son, so he had to perform the 12 labors Okeanos Great fresh water stream that encircled the flat earth. The sky dome and tartarean pit formed a great sphere or void with enclosed the entire cosmos. Okeanos Water god and son of Uranus and Gaia. From him comes all the bodies of water Okeanos giant fresh water stream that circled earth Echo A wood nymph in classical mythology. After being rejected by love, she retired to a cave and wasted away until only her voice was left.

Hera took her voice away and the only thing she could do was repeat what others have said. Echo A wood nymph in classical mythology. After being rejected by love, she retired to a cave and wasted away until only her voice was left. Echo She distracts Juno to delay her from catching the nymphs meeting with Jove. Because of this, she is cursed to repeat and babble words. She falls in love with Narcissus, but is rejected. She wastes away until only her voice is left. Narcissus Studliest stud -is driving deer, blows off echo, gets cursed to love someone he can't have, encounters himself in reflection, cries out in grief to forest -Is everyone as in love as me? -He wants it too, look at him! (reflection) -I see what you're doing there! Realizes its himself, I wan't myself! -Wastes into a flower Narcissus Beautiful, but loved no one. Is loved by Echo. Rejected those who loved him, and, in turn, Nemesis causes him to love himself as others loved him. Falls in love with his own reflection. Wastes away into a golden and white flower.

Narcissus fell in love with his own reflection Arachne Turned into a spider by Athena for mocking the gods. Said she was the best weaver ever but Athena got annoyed with her saying this so she challenged her and turned her into a spider. -Challenged Minerva in weaving -Minerva then turned her into a spider, forever weaving. Arachne A lower-class, skilled weaver. Challenges Minerva to a weaving competition. In her fabric, she weaves tales of the gods. Wins the challenge, so Minerva turns her into a spider. Arachne -Athena then turned her into a spider, forever weaving Arachne beat Athena in a weaving contest and for it was turned into a spider. Athena goddess of warfare, female/ household crafts: weaving Usually has a shield, spear, armor,aegis,owl, medusa is on her breast plate Turned someone into a spider.

Athena goddess of warfare, female/ household crafts: weaving Usually has a shield, spear, armor,aegis,owl, medusa is on her breast plate Minerva Goddess of wisdom, weaving, war Minerva - goddess of handicrafts, like Athena Niobe Queen of Thebes; 7 sons and 7 daughters; mocked Leto for only having 2 children, so Apollo and Artemis (Leto's 2) killed all kids; turns to stone on Mt. Sipylus--tears = flowing spring on Mt. Sipylus There she turned to stone and from the rock formed a stream (the Achelous) from her ceaseless tears. She became the symbol of eternal mourning. Niobe Queen of Thebes; 7 sons and 7 daughters; mocked Leto for only having 2 children, so Apollo and Artemis (Leto's 2) killed 13 of 14 kids; turns to stone on Mt. Sipylus--tears = flowing spring on Mt. Sipylus Niobe A prideful woman, brags about her children and ancestors. Daughter of Tantalus. Wants to be worshipped as a goddess rather than Latona.

As punishment, Latona and Phoebus kill here seven sons and seven daughters, and her husband commits suicide. She turns into marble, always dripping with tears. Niobe Artemis shot her children because Niobe claimed to be a better mother than Leto Niobe wife of Amphion, whose sons and daughters were killed by Artemis and Apollo Tiresias blind seer Liriope Mother of Narcissus who asked the blind seer if her son would live a long life. Nemesis Cursed Narcissus to love someone he could not have. Argus Has many, many eyes. Guard who watched over Io as a cow. Was slain by Mercury. His many eyes were turned into the pattern on a peacock's feathers. controlled the destiny of everyone, THREAD of everyone's life, cold and unmerciful 1. Clotho (spinner) 2. Lachesis (allotter) 3. atropin (cutter of the thread/inevitable) Comes to Arachne disguised, asking her to admit she is the better weaver. Arachne denies it and challenges her to a contest. She accepts. She loses to Arachne and turns her into a spider.

Cadmis Founder of Theban royal house Diana goddess of the hunt Pandion Successor of Erichthonius. Father of Philomela and Procne. Pandion gives the Thracian king Tereus his daughter Procne for helping him fight a war against Thebes. Father of Aegeus after being driven out of Attica. Tereus a Thracian king, husband of Procne, rapes her sister Philomela and cuts off her tounge, turns into a Hoopoe (colorful bird) Tereus a Thracian king, husband of Procne, rapes her sister and cuts her tongue out to keep her from telling anyone. His wife killed their son because of what HE did to her sister and fed him their son Itys. HE turns into a Hoopoe (colorful bird) Tereus Is honored for defending Athens and is rewarded with the marriage of the king's daughter, Procne. The marriage is under bad omens. Son Itys. Lusts over Procne's sister, Philomela. He violates her and locks her away. She threatens to tell the world wht he has done, so he cuts her tongue out. He unknowingly feasts on his murdered son.

As he chases the sisters, he turns into a bird, a hoopoe. Procne daughter of Pandion; sister of Philomela; married Tereus; after he rapes her sister she kills her son Itys and feed him to her husband, then turns into a swallow Procne Is promised to marry Tereus. Is married under bad omens. Mother of Itys. Wishes to have her sister, Philomela, visit, so Tereus goes to transport her. Receives a secret message from Philomela telling her how she was violated, so she disguises herself and escapes to find Philomela in the rites of Bacchus. Kills her son and serves him to Tereus as revenge. Turns into a bird when escaping Tereus. Philomela daughter of Pandion, gets raped by Tereus, and tounge removed, then imprisoned by Tereus makes tapestry to tell sisiter Procne what happened. turns into swallow. Philomela Prisoner of Tereus, tongue cut out by him. Weaved to tell her story to give to Procne Turned into the swallow. Philomela Beautiful sister of Procne.

Violated and locked away by Tereus. Is furious and vows to bring shame to him, so he cuts out her tongue. Weaves a secret message into a purple and white cloth and has it given to Procne. Flings Itys' head at Tereus at the moment of recognition. Turns ino a bird when escaping Tereus. Itys Tereus and Procne's son; in revenge, Procne kills him and serves him to Tereus Itys Son of Tereus and Procne. Is murdered by Procne and fed to Tereus as revenge. King Minos & Scylla ____ believes that by handing herself over to ___ she can stop the fighting between her father, Nisus, and ___ and meet ___. ____ is offended and takes over Megara - ___ isn't queen and citizens are offended and angry.____ leaves for Crete; is a stowaway; hanging on to the side of a boat about to fall - her father turns into a hawk. Just as she is about to hit the water, ___ also turns into a bird. Minos and the Minotaur HE was said to have lived at Knossos.

HE offended the gods so Hera made his wife want to the bull that Poseidon gave to HIM. HIS wife was made to fall in love with the bull and asked Daedalus to make a bull sculpture for her. The bull got her pregnant and she had BABY. HE had Daedalus devise a maze to contain the BABY because the BABY was really dangerous. King Minos King of Crete; son of Zeus and Europa. After death, became a judge of the dead in the underworld. Minoan culture was named after him. He gave Zeus a second-best bull, and as punishment his wife gave birth to the Minotaur which Minos had Daedalus create the labyrinth to house him and he forces Athens to send 14 tributes each year to sacrifice to the monster King Minos Is fighting in the war against Megara. Is loved by Scylla. Scylla gives her father's lock of purple hair as a token of her love, but he refuses it and her. Puts the Minotaur in the labyrinth. Daedalus Architect of the labyrinth. Father of Icarus. Daedalus Built the labyrinth to hold a minotaur Theseus Slays the Minotaur.

Makes it out of the labyrinth with the help of Ariadne's thread. Runs away with Ariadne but later abandons her. Theseus son of Aegeus, defeated the minotaur Ariadne Her thread helps Theseus get out of the labyrinth. Runs away with Theseusbut is later abandoned by him. Is immortalized by Bacchus by putting her crown of stars in the sky. Psyche Scylla's father. At war with King Minos. Language and language Play Use of wit, repartee, etc. for humorous effect. Irony Verbal - The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Dramatic - An outcome other than what was expected. Situational - Similar to dramatic. Cosmic - A character believes cosmic powers are on their side, when they most certainly are not. Hyperbole An exaggeration of something; escalation. Understatement A "lowball" hyperbole in which something is exaggerated downwards. Litote A type of understatement in which the opposite is used to define something. e.g. It was not the worst thing I had ever seen. Physical Action Mocks something else by adopting its form. Typically Juvenalian.

A situation is turned/flipped on its head. Sarcasm Mocking something else by taking on a different face to give a message. Invective Being overly mean, explicitly attacking something. Caricature Exaggerates one's features. Daedalus and Icarus DAD and SON escaped the Minotaur’s maze by making their own wings, but when SON failed to listen to his father, his wings melted and he died. The dad turned into a Partriage Atalanta & Meleager Athens had a giant boar problem, literally (It breathed lightning too), after honoring all of the gods except for Diana. To dispel the terror, ____ assembled a team of hunters. Castor (Expert jockey) and Pollux (A boxer), Jason (Inventor or ships), Perithous, Toxeus, Plexippus, etc. ____ was a virgin huntress, and _____ really was enamored with her. ____ and ____ ended up tag teaming the boar, the rest of the group was no help, and they were jealous about ____ being pretty and receiving gifts and recognition. ____ protects her by killing Toxeus and Plexippus.

Atalanta Speedy athlete who took part in the boar hunt at Calydon; eventually married to Hippomenes who overcame her in a foot race; punished for having sex in Cybele's temple by being turned into lions Hippomenes threw golden apples at her in the race so she would be distracted. Atalanta Is the first to hit the wild board of Calydon. Is a very fast athlete who is cursed to wed only the man who is faster than her. Hippomenes beats her in the race. She is turned into a lion for making love in a temple. Atalanta Speedy athlete who took part in the boar hunt at Calydon; eventually married to Melanion who overcame her in a foot race; punished for having sex in Cybele's temple by being turned into lions Adonis Transformed He got turned into a perennial. He was killed by a boar Death of Achilles Ten years had passed since the Trojan War began and Neptune mourned his dead son, Hector, killed by Achilles. The sea-god asked Apollo to help get rid of Achilles, and so Apollo directed Paris' arrow to Achilles. When Achilles died, he didn't go to the Underworld.

Instead, he went to Elysium because he was such a great hero. Scylla transformed into a Rock She walked into the water which had been poisoned by Circe. She wrecked boats of Ulysses men. 6 heads all dogs. Icarus Son of Daedalus. Given was and feather wings made by his father. Flew to close to the sun and the winds melted. He fell into the sea and died. Icarus son of Daedalus, he and is father flew with crafted wings made by Daedalus, flew too close to the sun Perdix Daedalus' nephew. Daedalus became so jealous of his inventions that he threw him off a cliff. He is turned into a partridge. Meleager Kills the wild board of Calydon. Falls in love with Atalanta. He gives the honor of killing the bull to her, but the others get angry, and he ends up killing them. Meleager killed Diana's boar, wanted to share the victory with Atalanta, got revenge on those who took away Atalanta's prize. Hippomenes Suitor of Atalanta.

Throws three golden apples from Venus in front of her to win the race. Is turned into a lion for making love in a temple. Adonis Killed by a boar. Turned into a flower -- anemone -- by Aphrodite. Adonis

Question: In mythology, which son of Zeus was immersed up to his neck in water which he could not drink and surrounded by fruits which were eternally out of reach?
Answer: Tantalus