Fibromyalgia: Pain, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment - Disabled World Fibromyalgia: Pain, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Synopsis: Information on Fibromyalgia or Myalgic Encephalopathy a chronic condition with symptoms of hurting and pain all over the body plus feeling constantly exhausted. About Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia (FM or FMS) is characterized by chronic widespread pain and a heightened and painful response to pressure. Fibromyalgia symptoms are not restricted to pain, leading to the use of the alternative term fibromyalgia syndrome for the condition. Other symptoms include debilitating fatigue, sleep disturbance, and joint stiffness. Scientists estimate that fibromyalgia affects 5 million Americans age 18 or older. For unknown reasons, between 80 and 90 percent of those diagnosed with fibromyalgia are women; however, men and children also can be affected. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way your brain processes pain signals. Many people who have fibromyalgia also have tension headaches, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety and depression.

Main Document Defining Fibromyalgia or Myalgic Encephalopathy Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition and people with it often describe symptoms of hurting all over their body and feeling consistently exhausted. Doctors who examine people with Fibromyalgia many times cannot find anything that is specifically wrong, even after a number of tests. People with Fibromyalgia experience pain in their tendons and ligaments, along with tender points throughout their body along with fatigue. Even slight pressure on tender points can cause pain. More women than men have Fibromyalgia, which has been known as, 'chronic muscle pain,' psychogenic rheumatism,' 'tension myalgias,' and, 'fibrositis,' in the past. Fibromyalgia has symptoms that vary in intensity and will most likely never disappear entirely, although Fibromyalgia itself isn't life-threatening or progressive. There are forms of treatment and self-care methods that can be taken to improve the symptoms of Fibromyalgia, as well as your overall health.

What is Myalgic Encephalopathy In the United States, advocates are working to have the name of CFS officially changed to ME/CFS due to the widespread belief that the name CFS trivializes the condition and leads to mis-perceptions of it. Several countries currently call the condition myalgic encephalomyelitis, ME/CFS or CFS/ME. Some experts use the terms interchangeably, while others consider one a subgroup of the other. ME or Myalgic Encephalopathy is a condition which causes the sufferer muscle and joint pain, chronic physical and/or mental exhaustion, cognitive dysfunction, digestive problems, depression, as well as the possibility of breathing and heart problems. Myalgic Encephalopathy may cause a person's social life to be affected, and in many cases, the ME (Myalgic Encephalopathy) sufferer may find that they cannot maintain a full social life at all. Some ME (Myalgic Encephalopathy) sufferers may become bedridden, dependent on others, and often completely housebound, often for a long period of time.

Symptoms of Fibromyalgia Stress, the weather , physical activity levels, and even the time of day can affect the symptoms that people experience related to Fibromyalgia. There are a number of different symptoms that people with Fibromyalgia experience; these include: Facial Pain and Headaches: Facial Pain and Headaches in association with Fibromyalgia present symptoms such as stiffness or tenderness in the shoulders or neck. Persons with Fibromyalgia may also experience Temoromandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ), a condition that affects the jaw and the muscles that surround it. Pain Throughout the Body: One of the characteristics of Fibromyalgia is pain in the body which, when even slight pressure is applied, cause pain. The pain can affect areas of the body in the upper neck and back, the back of the head, chest, elbows, knees and hips. The pain is usually followed with stiffness and may continue for months at a time. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Diarrhea, Constipation, Abdominal Pain and Bloating are symptoms of IBS. Persons who have Fibromyalgia often experience Irritable Bowel Syndrome as well.

Sleep Disturbances and Fatigue: Despite getting plenty of sleep, people with Fibromyalgia many times wake up feeling tired. There is a sleeping disorder known as, 'Alpha Wave Interrupted Sleep Pattern,' that some studies have suggested disturbs the sleep of persons with Fibromyalgia. The disorder interrupts the person's sleep pattern with bursts of brain activity that are similar to those experienced during waking periods, depriving them of deep sleep. Restless Leg Syndrome and muscle spasms are also associated with Fibromyalgia and can disturb sleep. Increased Sensitivity to Environment: Persons with Fibromyalgia have reported sensitivity to environmental factors such as noise, bright light, odors, and touch. Some additional symptoms and signs of Fibromyalgia include: Mood Changes Painful Menstruation Causes of Fibromyalgia The exact causes of Fibromyalgia are unknown to medical science at this time. Thoughts in the medical community related to Fibromyalgia involves a theory known as, 'Central Sensitization,' stating that persons with Fibromyalgia have increased sensitivity and a lower threshold for pain due to a change in pathways in the brain and associated signals.

There are chemicals in the brain which signal pain called, 'neurotransmitters,' that increase, as well as pain receptors, or, 'neurons,' that receive signals from them. These neurons increase in sensitivity and overreact to pain signals - resulting in places on the body that usually would not hurt that now do when pressure is applied. The process that begins this Central Sensitization remains unknown. There is the potential for a number of factors which may contribute to the development of Fibromyalgia, and there are different theories as to its cause; they include: Injury or Trauma: Trauma; or Injury, in particular to the upper spinal region, might be responsible for beginning Fibromyalgia in people. Injuries affecting the central nervous system may as well. Abnormalities within the Autonomic Nervous System: There is a part of the Autonomic Nervous System that controls body functions which does not work on a conscious basis. This part controls functions such as sweating, salivary flow, heart rate, blood vessel contraction, and intestinal movements.

The thought line is that sympathetic nervous system dysfunctions happen in persons with Fibromyalgia, often at night; leading to things like dizziness, fatigue, stiffness and additional symptoms and signs which are associated with it. Bacterial or Viral Infections: There is a belief on the part of some researchers that either bacterial or viral infections may trigger Fibromyalgia. Sleep Disturbances: Sleeping patterns, according to some researchers, might be one potential cause of Fibromyalgia instead of just a symptom. Muscle Metabolism Changes: Decreased blood flow to the muscles, as well as de-conditioning, are examples of things that could contribute to fatigue and decreased strength in persons with Fibromyalgia. Notable differences in a person's metabolism and any abnormalities in hormonal substance which influence activity of nerves might also play a role. Psychological Stress: The effects of psychological stress are also a potential cause of Fibromyalgia. Risk Factors for Fibromyalgia There are some different risk factors for Fibromyalgia; they include: Your Gender: Fibromyalgia appears less often in men than in women.

Your Age: Fibromyalgia often develops in persons who are in their early to middle adulthood; however, it can appear in both older adults and children. Your Family History: If you have a relative with Fibromyalgia you might be more likely to develop it yourself. The Presence of a Rheumatic Disease: If you have a form of Rheumatic Disease; for example - Lupus, Ankylosing Spondylitis, or Rheumatoid Arthritis, you are at greater risk to develop Fibromyalgia as well. Persons with Disturbed Sleep Patterns: It is not understood if a person's trouble with sleeping is either a result or a cause of Fibromyalgia. People who do have trouble sleeping and have associated sleep disorders such as Restless Leg Syndrome, nighttime muscle spasms, or Sleep Apnea are at risk of also developing Fibromyalgia. When to Seek Medical Attention: Should you experience widespread pain or general aching over a period of months, accompanied by fatigue; it would be a good idea to contact your doctor. There are many symptoms of Fibromyalgia that are similar to other diseases.

There is a possibility that it could be something else, such as Hypothyroidism, Rheumatica, Polymyalgia, Lupus, Neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, or Rheumatoid Arthritis. A proper diagnosis is essential; your Doctor can help you to find out what is going on. Testing and Diagnosis: The process of reaching a diagnosis of Fibromyalgia can involve several tests. These tests include blood tests, X-rays and others, which may very well come back with normal results. There is no one single test for Fibromyalgia at this time. Blood testing and X-rays are used because they can tell a Doctor whether or not other conditions are present, and rule them out. They cannot; however, confirm Fibromyalgia. In an effort to assist with both the study and assessment of Fibromyalgia, The American College of Rheumatology created a general classification guideline for Fibromyalgia. The guidelines state that in order to be diagnosed with it a person must experience widespread pain over a period of at least three months, with a minimum of eleven places on their body which are abnormally tender under mild yet firm pressure. A Doctor will take a person's medical history for background information before examining them.

They will then check for these pressure points by pressing firmly on various, specific points around the person's joints, upper body, and head in order to confirm areas that are causing pain. There is some disagreement among Doctors in the medical community concerning these guidelines; some of them feel that they are too stringent - that a person can have Fibromyalgia despite the fact that they do not meet the specified number of pressure points dictated in the guidelines. Other Doctors are debating both the validity and reliability of using pressure points as a means of diagnosis. Complications Related to Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia usually does not lead to other diseases or conditions, and it is not progressive. It can cause depression, pain and lack of sleep and these problems may then disrupt a person's ability to interact with family or friends, or to function at work or home. Fibromyalgia is still an often misunderstood condition, and dealing with it can be very frustrating for people with it. Fibromyalgia Treatments and Medications Treating Fibromyalgia can involve several methods of both self-care and medication; an emphasis is placed on lowering the symptoms while increasing a person's overall health.

There are some different medications that are used in the treatment of Fibromyalgia; they include: Analgesic Drugs: Analgesics that may or may not contain Acetaminophen can be taken to reduce stiffness and pain associated with Fibromyalgia. Another form of Analgesic, Tramadol, may or may not contain Acetaminophen, and is used for pain as well. A Doctor might suggest an NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug) like Ibuprofen, Aspirin or Naproxen to use along with another medication - but NSAID's alone have not shown themselves to be effective in managing pain associated with Fibromyalgia. Anti-Depressant Medications: Anti-Depressant medications like Nortriptyline, Doxepin, or Amitriptyline have helped persons with Fibromyalgia sleep better. Medications such as Sertraline, Flouxatine along with Amitriptyline, and Paroxetine can assist for people who are experiencing depression.

There is a class of Anti-Depressants referred to as, 'Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors,' or, 'Dual Uptake Inhibitors,' that present some evidence suggesting that they may control pain better in persons with Fibromyalgia in trials. Another medication; 'Effexor,' has produced similar results in studies, although more study is needed for confirmation. Muscle Relaxants: Muscle relaxants, taken before going to bed, can help reduce both muscle spasms and pain, but are usually only prescribed for short-term use. Pregabalin: Pregabalin is also known by the brand name, 'Lyrica,' and can help to reduce pain and improve function in persons with Fibromyalgia. Pregabalin is an anti-seizure medication, although it is used to treat some forms of pain, and is the first medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in treating Fibromyalgia. In studies related to Pregabalin, about thirty-percent of the people taking it for treatment of Fibromyalgia showed signs of improvement.

There are some side-effects associated with Pregabalin such as sleepiness, dizziness, blurred vision, weight gain, difficulty concentrating, dry mouth and swelling of the feet and hands. Sleeping Medications: Prescription Sleep medications such as Zolpidem, also known by the brand name, 'Ambien,' can help persons with Fibromyalgia sleep; they are usually only prescribed on a short-term basis. The issue with these forms of medications is that they work for a short period of time, after which the body adjusts to them and becomes resistant to their effects, risking greater sleep problems. Benzodiazepines: Benzodiazepines are a form of medications that Doctors tend to avoid prescribing, even though they can help a person sleep and relax their muscles, because they are habit forming and have not shown themselves to provide long-term benefits. Narcotics: Narcotics are a form of medication that Doctors usually will not recommend; there is great potential for a person to become dependent or addicted to them. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids; Prednisone for example, are something that has not been proven effective in the treatment of Fibromyalgia.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy: This form of therapy might assist in helping a person with Fibromyalgia to manage it. Cognitive Behavior Therapy involves building the person's faith in their abilities while teaching them different methods for dealing with stress. Therapy is achieved through classes, counseling, CD's, DVD's, and tapes. Interdisciplinary Programs: Interdisciplinary programs combining Biofeedback, Relaxation Techniques, and information about chronic pain can work to effectively improve symptoms and relieve pain. There is no one, single combination that works for every single person. A Doctor can help to design a program that is best for each individual with Fibromyalgia. Lifestyle, Home Remedies and Fibromyalgia Taking care of yourself is very important when you have Fibromyalgia. There are some different things you can do to help take care of yourself and promote your own well-being. These things include: Reducing Stress: To reduce the amount of stress in your life, create a plan in order to either limit or avoid entirely any overexertion or emotional stress. Give yourself some time every single day for the purpose of relaxation.

Learn how to say, 'No,' without feeling guilty - you have to take care of yourself; however, do not change your routine entirely. People with Fibromyalgia who stop all of their activities, or quit working, often do worse than people who maintain a level of activity. Pursue deep-breathing techniques, meditation, or other methods of stress management. Make Sure You Get Enough Sleep: Fatigue is a major characteristic of Fibromyalgia, and getting enough sleep is important. Give yourself enough time to sleep and establish good sleeping habits. These habits include going to bed and getting up at the same time every day, as well as restricting the amount of time that you nap during the day. Get Regular Exercise: There are some appropriate forms of exercise for persons with Fibromyalgia. These include swimming, walking, water aerobics, and bicycle riding. When you first start it may increase your pain, but these forms of exercise are helpful as you continue. Be sure to stretch, and maintain your posture. There are also some relaxation exercises that can be helpful.

Pace Yourself During the Day: Doing too much on a good day may lead to more bad days; it is a good idea to keep your activity on an even level each day. Pursue a Healthy Lifestyle: Each day, find something you enjoy to do that is fulfilling. Reduce the amount of caffeine you take in, and eat foods that are healthy for you. Support and Coping with Fibromyalgia Dealing with the fatigue, pain and the frustration of a misunderstood diagnosis can be difficult, to say the very least. Learn everything you can about Fibromyalgia, and help to educate the people in your life who care for you such as family members, friends and co-workers. The Arthritis Foundation and The American Chronic Pain Association provide both support groups and educational classes on Fibromyalgia; you are not alone. These organizations can give advice and help that is not available elsewhere, and help you to contact others who have had experiences similar to yours who understand what you are experiencing. Alternative Medicine and Fibromyalgia Alternative therapies such as Yoga and Meditation have been practiced for thousands of years, and have become more popular recently among people who have chronic illnesses like Fibromyalgia.

Some alternative treatments seem to safely reduce pain and relieve stress and are gaining acceptance in the medical field. Some alternative treatments remain unapproved because they have not been adequately studied. The ones that are promoted for pain management include: Acupuncture: Acupuncture uses fine needles, inserted through the skin to different depths, to change the blood flow and levels of neurotransmitters in the spinal cord and brain. It is based on a Chinese medical system that believes it restores a normal balance of life forces in the body. The Mayo Clinic performed a study in 2006 with results stating that Acupuncture significantly improved symptoms of Fibromyalgia. Research related to Acupressure, a similar practice using finger pressure on the skin, was inconclusive. Chiropractic Treatments: Chiropractic treatments are applied based on the idea that restricted movement of the spine can lead to reduced function in the body, and therefore pain. Chiropractors manipulate the spine, or make, 'adjustments,' with the intention of relieving restrictions to spinal mobility and reducing pain while increasing function. Different amounts of force are applied while a person is in various positions in order to manipulate the spine, and the force applied is often not very great.

Chiropractors often use stretching and massage techniques as well in order to relax muscles in the back that are spasming or shortened. If you pursue chiropractic care, always see a trained and licensed chiropractor. Osteopathy: Osteopathy Doctors are trained rigorously and at length through clinical and academic setting with the equivalence to medical doctors and are licensed to perform a number of the same procedures and therapies that more conventional doctors are. They are trained in the manipulation of spinal and joint problems, somewhat like chiropractors. Massage Therapy: Massage Therapy is one of the oldest methods of healthcare in practice today, and involves manipulation of various soft tissues and muscles in the body. The goal is to improve blood circulation in the muscles while removing waste products and increasing the flow of nutrients to the muscles. There are benefits to massage therapies, such as an improvement in the range of motion in the joints, a reduction of your heart rate, an increase in your body's natural pain reducers, and relaxation of the muscles themselves. Massage therapy can reduce anxiety and stress, and it is almost always safe. If you have any acute inflammation, circulatory problems, or open sores you should avoid massage therapy.

How the SSA views fibromyalgia:Since July of 2012, when SSR 12-2P was issued, the SSA has had in place a specific guideline for awarding SSDI or SSI benefits to a patient with fibromyalgia . When making a determination about whether to award SSDI or SSI disability benefits to a fibromyalgia patient, the SSA will look not only at medical evidence to back up the diagnosis, but also the treatment protocols that the patient has tried prior to the application. If a patient has only tried a single medication, with no medical evidence of additional pain and fatigue management methods that might allow he or she to perform job duties, the SSA might deny the application or delay consideration of it until the applicant can undergo additional treatments that might prove effective. The more varied a care approach is, the more likely the SSA is to award benefits if the patient, after multiple courses of treatment, is still so debilitated by fibromyalgia symptoms that he or she cannot work. Fibromyalgia Awareness The Fibromyalgia awareness ribbon is colored purple, and Fibromyalgia awareness day is on May 12th. The purple ribbon also represents pain awareness.

Other Awareness ribbon colors Quick Facts: Fibromyalgia Classification Differences in psychological and autonomic nervous system profiles among affected individuals may indicate the existence of fibromyalgia subtypes. A 2007 review divides individuals with fibromyalgia into four groups as well as mixed types: Fibromyalgia due to Somatization - (may respond to psychotherapy) Depression with concomitant fibromyalgia syndrome - (may respond to antidepressants) Fibromyalgia and comorbid, pain-related depression - (may respond to antidepressants) Extreme sensitivity to pain but no associated psychiatric conditions - (may respond to medications that block the 5-HT3 receptor) Statistics: Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia is estimated to affect 2 to 8% of the population, with a female to male incidence ratio that is somewhere between 7:1 and 9:1. It is most commonly diagnosed in individuals between the ages of 20 and 50, though onset can occur in childhood. Fibromyalgia may not be diagnosed in up to 75 percent of affected people.

People with fibromyalgia are hospitalized about once every 3 years (CDC, 2009) 30 to 40% of fibromyalgia patients have to stop working or change jobs (Health Central, 2009) 90% of fibro patients have jaw or facial tenderness that can produce symptoms of TMJ disorder (Fibromyalgia Network, 1999) Approximately 50% of people with fibromyalgia have difficulty with or are unable to perform routine daily activities (Health Central, 2009) 50% of fibromyalgia patients suffer from sensitivity to odors, noise, bright lights, medications and various foods (Fibromyalgia Network, 1999) Fibromyalgia is the 2nd most common ailment affecting the musculoskeletal system after osteoarthritis (American College of Rheumatology, 2004) Approximately one in 50 Americans are estimated to have fibromyalgia, or between 3 and 6 million people in the U.S.

(American College of Rheumatology, 2004) Share on: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome & Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Symptoms - ProHealth What are the Symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome & Myalgic Encephalomyelitis? The best known symptom of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome & ME (ME/CFS) is an unrelenting, persistent loss of energy that physicians call "fatigue." However, the profound loss of energy experienced by ME/CFS patients is nothing like the fatigue most people experience at the end of a long day or following a strenuous workout. It cannot be relieved by rest or sleep. In fact, patients may awaken feeling just as fatigued as they did before they went to sleep. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) describes the fatigue of ME/CFS as "severe, incapacitating, and all-encompassing." In fact, the fatigue people with ME/CFS experience is so severe that it significantly limits their ability to work, go to school, participate in social activities and take care of their own personal needs. The most severe cases can leave patients housebound or bedridden.

ME/CFS patients describe feeling as if they have the flu all the time, a feeling of heaviness in their limbs, and low energy levels accompanied by a feeling of over-stimulation. This loss of energy - as well as other symptoms - is exacerbated by exertion of any kind, mental or physical. (This is referred to as post-exertional malaise, or PEM.) The symptom exacerbation usually begins 12 to 48 hours after the exertion and requires an extended period of recovery, during which a severely ill patient may be completely unable to function. Post-exercise collapse or post-exertion exacerbation of the illness is what distinguishes ME/CFS from depression. The hallmark of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome & Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is wide-ranging symptoms that wax and wane. These symptoms can affect any part of the body and any system, including the nervous system, the endocrine system, the digestive system, and the immune system. That is why ME/CFS is called a "multi-system" illness, and why fits into the category of neuroimmune illnesses - illnesses that primarily affect the immune system and the nervous system.

Healthy people also experience fatigue, muscle aches, digestive disturbances, and insomnia, as well as many other symptoms, but what marks ME/CFS symptoms is their severity and frequency. Patients with ME/CFS experience symptoms virtually daily, and to the point that they can become incapacitating. Not all patients experience the same symptoms, and not all experience the same severity of illness. As with any other disease, symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe. Patients often rate themselves on a 1-10 scale, with 1 being bedbound, and 10 being fully recovered. In addition, there are three general levels of illness: mild, moderate, and severe. Mild: Patients are mobile, can care for themselves, do light housework and work part-time, or even full-time with the curtailment of all other activities. Moderate: Patients have reduced mobility and are restricted in all activities of daily living. They have usually stopped work or school. Severe: Patients are unable to do anything without assistance. They spend most of the day in bed and are sensitive to light and noise. Below are the primary symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome & Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.

ME/CFS Signs and Symptoms Checklist 20 Ways Lupus Affects the Body Lupus in the Lungs Lupus in the Muscles Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect every part of the body, including skin, joints, and major organs. Visualize the Effects of Lupus on the Body Lupus, also known as systemic lupus erythematosus, is an autoimmune disease that can affect almost any part of the body, especially the skin, blood, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. According to the American College of Rheumatology , lupus is diagnosed 10 times as often in women as in men, and most are diagnosed in their 20s and 30s. It’s a complex disease generally treated by a specialist called a rheumatologist. Symptoms of lupus can flare up and go away periodically, and they can mimic those of many other conditions. Treatment focuses on preventing major damage to the kidneys and other organs. Other treatments aim to reduce individual symptoms like pain and inflammation. Skin and Hair The hallmark sign of lupus is a butterfly-shaped rash that often appears over the bridge of the nose and extends to the cheeks.

A rash also may occur on the neck or chest, and the skin may appear scaly. People with lupus tend to be sensitive to sunlight and prone to sunburns after only brief exposure to sun. In some cases, skin ulcers may form on the inside of the nose, mouth, or tongue. Some people with lupus develop Raynaud’s phenomenon, a condition in which the skin of the ears, nose, fingers, and toes turn numb and pale or purple when exposed to cold. Lupus may cause hair to break easily. Inflammation of the skin is often an early sign of lupus that usually results in thinning of the hair and loss of eyelashes, eyebrows, facial hair, and body hair. Hair may grow back with treatment. However, permanent hair loss occurs when lesions form on the scalp. Digestive System The digestive system is responsible for extracting nutrients from the food you eat and ridding your body of waste products. Lupus can affect the entire digestive system, beginning with the mouth. People with lupus are prone to lesions on the inside of the cheeks, the lower lip, or the roof of the mouth. Certain medications prescribed to treat lupus can increase your risk for oral lesions.

Some people with lupus develop secondary Sjogren’s syndrome, an autoimmune disease that attacks glands in the mouth and eyes, causing dryness. Lack of saliva encourages dental cavities and gum disease. When the esophagus is inflamed, stomach acid can be forced back into the esophagus (acid reflux), causing heartburn and gas. It can also make swallowing difficult (dysphagia). Some people with lupus take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This can increase risk of bleeding ulcers in the stomach lining or where the stomach meets the bile duct, pancreatic duct, and small intestine (duodenum). Helicobacter pylori bacterium also can cause ulcers, a common problem for people with lupus. Inflammation can cause fluids to build up in the lining on the inside of the abdomen (peritoneum). Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, fever, and constipation. Lupus patients are at increased risk for inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). Use of diuretics, immunosuppressants, or corticosteroids increases this risk. Digestive symptoms include constipation, diarrhea, and nausea.

These problems can be aggravated by the use of corticosteroids or NSAIDs. Ulcers that form in the colon and rectum may cause bloody diarrhea. Excretory System The excretory system helps eliminate toxins from the body. The kidneys may become inflamed, but symptoms aren’t always obvious. Problems with the kidneys are usually detected with a blood test. Inflammation can cause the liver to become enlarged. People with lupus are prone to jaundice, which can cause yellowing of the skin and eyes, and autoimmune hepatitis, which can scar the liver. Circulatory System The circulatory system is responsible for circulating blood through the body. Lupus can lower the body’s ability to make red blood cells, resulting in anemia. Lupus can also cause inflammation of the heart or blood vessels, which can interfere with blood flow. This can lead to heart attack, infection, and tissue death. The Lupus Foundation of America cites heart disease (coronary artery disease) as the leading cause of death for people with lupus. Pericarditis is a condition in which the sac that surrounds the heart (pericardium) becomes inflamed.

Chronic pericarditis can scar heart tissue and affect the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) can cause an irregular heartbeat. Lupus also can cause a thickening of the surfaces of the heart valve (endocarditis). This increases risk for infection and formation of clots. People with lupus are at increased risk of atherosclerosis caused by plaque, which narrows blood vessels and hinders blood flow. Corticosteroids, which are used to treat lupus, may increase risk of hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. Central Nervous System Restricted blood flow in the brain can cause dizziness, headaches, mood swings, and concentration problems. In rare cases, it can lead to seizures. Lupus patients who develop secondary Sjogren’s syndrome have decreased tear secretion, resulting in very dry eyes. This can cause burning, itching, sensitivity to light, and blurry vision. Chronic dry eyes can lead to scarring or ulceration of the cornea. Reproductive System Women with lupus are advised not to use intrauterine devices due to increased risk of infection. Some women are unable to tolerate birth control pills.

Having lupus can complicate a woman’s childbearing years. Women with lupus may have difficulty conceiving and are at higher risk for miscarriage, especially early or late term. Careful monitoring can help reduce the risk. Flare-ups of lupus are more likely to occur during pregnancy, and so are hypertension, kidney problems, and diabetes. The good news is that with proper medical care, most women with lupus can have healthy babies. Immune System The immune system exists to ward off attacks from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. In people with an autoimmune disease, the system mistakenly launches a sustained attack on healthy tissue in the body. In the case of lupus, attacks cause inflammation that can occur almost anywhere. The most common areas are the skin and joints. General symptoms include fatigue, fever with no known cause, and swollen glands. Researchers don’t know exactly what triggers lupus, and there is no cure. Treatment focuses on symptom management and preventing damage to major organs. Respiratory System It can hurt to breathe when the lungs or the linings of the chest cavity become inflamed. It also may cause shortness of breath and chest pain. Inflammation of lungs increases risk of pneumonia.

Skeletal System When inflammation occurs in and around the joints, resulting in pain, stiffness, swelling, and limited range of motion. Chronic inflammation in the joints can wear down bone and destroy cartilage. Muscular System Inflammation can cause muscle aches and pains. Rarely, muscles can appear red and swollen, and feel warm to the touch. Muscle inflammation due to lupus doesn’t usually result in permanently weakened muscles. Over-the-counter medications, heating pads, cold packs, or warm showers and baths can usually relieve symptoms. Recommended for You Lupus Expert Q&A: Betty Diamond, MD Hear from one of the United States' leading lupus researchers, Dr. Betty Diamond. Get answers on a range of topics, from the cause of lupus to what you can do about symptoms.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis - Canada.com Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) About this Condition Health Column The Facts Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a condition causing persistent fatigue that lasts for at least 6 months (or longer) and isn't due to another medical condition (e.g., hypothyroidism). It was once thought to affect only highly educated young adults who are "high achievers" or career-oriented professionals. It is now known that ME/CFS affects people of all ages and from all walks of life. ME/CFS is about 2 to 4 times more common in women than in men. It is associated with extreme and prolonged fatigue that isn't relieved by rest. People with ME/CFS experience persistent tiredness so severe that it may prevent them from working, exercising, and enjoying life. ME/CFS is a poorly understood condition and there is no clear consensus about its diagnosis and treatment.

ME/CFS is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS). Causes Until recently, many people suffering from ME/CFS symptoms were brushed off as psychiatric cases or were told "it's all in your head." However, ME/CFS is now recognized as a genuine medical condition. We don't know exactly what causes ME/CFS, but it appears to be triggered by many different factors. Viral infections, genetic predisposition, environmental toxins, and immune reactions are all considered possible causes of the disorder. The persistent tiredness was once attributed to a virus called the Epstein-Barr virus (this virus is responsible for mononucleosis) but the link remains scientifically unproven and is no longer considered a potential cause Several other potential causes of CFS are being studied including issues with sleep disruption, endocrine-metabolic dysfunction (a disorder affecting your body’s metabolism and hormone balance), and neurally mediated hypotension (a certain kind of low blood pressure disorder).

Two-thirds or more of people who have CFS meet existing psychiatric criteria for anxiety disorders, depression, or dysthymia (mild, long-term depression), but whether these issues are the cause or the result of CSF remains unclear. There is some evidence suggesting that CFS is an immune disorder, meaning the body's defense system functions abnormally, particularly in response to stress. This does not mean that the immune system is weakened. It's likely that not one single factor is responsible, but rather a combination of factors. Physical activity and physical or emotional stress seems to make ME/CFS worse. However, further research is needed to figure out its causes and to better understand this puzzling condition. Symptoms and Complications Extreme fatigue that lasts at least 6 months is the hallmark symptom of ME/CFS. People who have ME/CFS are constantly exhausted and feel that their stamina is continuously low. Other symptoms include: mild fever memory and concentration problems difficulty sleeping Problems with concentration and memory often occur. A person might have mental fogginess, impaired short-term memory, or the inability to concentrate to the point where regular activities are disrupted. Other symptoms such as gastrointestinal problems, sleep disorders, or abnormal body temperatures are also commonly reported.

Symptoms may be severe enough to interfere with work performance, leading to sick leave and extended periods of bed rest. The symptoms of ME/CFS can last for several years. However, they're usually at their worst in the early stages of the illness. Some people never return to their original energy levels. Symptoms tend to reappear during times of emotional or physical stress. Making the Diagnosis Doctors diagnose ME/CFS based on symptoms. Although a 6-month waiting period was once required before diagnosing someone with ME/CFS, this is no longer necessary. As long as a person has experienced unexplained and disabling fatigue and at least one symptom from 3 other sets of criteria (see below), a diagnosis can be made. Fatigue is considered unexplained if a thorough physical examination and medical testing have excluded other conditions that could cause fatigue.

In order to be diagnosed with ME/CFS, you must have “postexertional neuroimmune exhaustion.” This means you have experienced unexplained and disabling fatigue after simple activities and take a day or more to regain energy along with at least one symptom from each of the following 3 categories: neurological problems: For example, short-term memory loss, difficulty concentrating or thinking, pain, unrefreshing sleep, problems focusing vision, sensitivity to light or noise, problems with depth perception, muscle weakness, poor coordination immune, stomach, or bladder problems: For example, flu-like symptoms, nausea, food sensitivities, frequent urination problems with energy production or energy transportation within the body: For example, dizziness or lightheadedness, difficulty breathing, difficulty regulating body temperature Treatment and Prevention Although there are no recommended or proven treatments to date, management of ME/CFS includes reassurance and support about the condition and how things will improve with time. It is difficult to predict when and how much someone with ME/CFS will improve, since this varies a great deal between individuals. Cognitive behavioural therapy and exercise (starting slow and increasing over time) appear to produce the most benefit.

A doctor will likely combine a number of different treatments aimed at addressing your specific symptoms, including: medical intervention and medications psychotherapy (cognitive behavioural therapy) physical and lifestyle adjustments Since no medication has been specifically proven to cure ME/CFS, medications are used to treat some of the symptoms that are seen with ME/CFS. For depression, antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; e.g., paroxetine*, sertraline) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs; e.g., amitriptyline, imipramine) may be used. Antianxiety medications such as lorazepam may be used to treat anxiety. Sleeping pills, such as zopiclone, may be used to treat certain sleep disorders. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for headaches, fever, and general aches and pains. ME/CFS can sometimes go away on its own. Medications should therefore be tried for short periods and then stopped, and the person's status should be reassessed before continuing with medication treatment. Some people seek alternative therapies, including massage, acupuncture, herbal products, and dietary supplements.

Herbal preparations that have been used by some people with ME/CFS include astragalus, borage seed oil, bromelain, comfrey, echinacea, garlic, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, primrose oil, quercetin, St. John's wort, and shiitake mushroom extract. The value of alternative remedies is questionable. With few exceptions, most of these remedies haven't been shown to be effective for treating ME/CFS patients. Many people believe that just because herbal products are "natural" they're also safe. This isn't always true: besides containing an active compound that may have medicinal properties, unrefined plant preparations also have other substances that can harm you. Comfrey and high doses of ginseng, for example, are known to have harmful effects. As well, herbal preparations and dietary supplements can interfere with other medications you may be taking or cause side effects. Before taking alternative remedies, talk to a doctor or pharmacist about what's safe and appropriate for your specific situation. Psychotherapy is another strategy that can help people with ME/CFS and their families to cope with the symptoms of ME/CFS.

Cognitive behavioural therapy may help alleviate some of the distress and concerns about ME/CFS and its affects on your work and personal life. Physical and lifestyle changes may also be recommended. Prolonged lack of exercise can exacerbate physical weakness. A graded exercise regimen can be a means of restoring some of the loss of energy and stamina. "Graded" exercise means starting exercise slowly and gradually increasing the amount and intensity over time. Learning ways to manage energy levels is important; for instance, overexertion during periods of good health can lead to a return of symptoms. Finding ways to cope and deal with physical and emotional stresses can help prevent a return of ME/CFS symptoms. *All medications have both common (generic) and brand names. The brand name is what a specific manufacturer calls the product (e.g., Tylenol®). The common name is the medical name for the medication (e.g., acetaminophen). A medication may have many brand names, but only one common name. This article lists medications by their common names. For information on a given medication, check our Drug Information database. For more information on brand names, speak with your doctor or pharmacist.

More on Body and Health Myalgic encephalomyelitis | definition of myalgic encephalomyelitis by Medical dictionary Myalgic encephalomyelitis | definition of myalgic encephalomyelitis by Medical dictionary Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Acronyms , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . chronic fatigue syndrome A condition resembling poliomyelitis, which was first described in the mid-1980s in California, often following viral infections (e.g., herpes, hepatitis, CMV) or which may be induced by an unrecognised virus. CFS is defined by a new onset (not lifelong) of unexplained, persistent fatigue unrelated to exertion and not substantially relieved by rest, which causes a significant reduction in previous activity levels. While CFS had been associated with EBV infection, more than half of those with the CFS improve without a change in EBV titers. Aetiology Unknown, psychosocial dysfunction has been implicated. Clinical findings Unexplained persistent fatigue, inability to concentrate, weakness, lymphadenopathy and malaise, severe headache, myalgia, myasthenia, variable cranial and peripheral nerve dysfunction and depression.

Treatment None; alleged reported cures are thought to be due to placebo response or spontaneous remission; recuperation requires up to a year. Chronic Fatigue syndrome symptoms Four or more of the following symptoms that last six months or longer: • Impaired memory or concentration; • Post-exertional malaise, where physical or mental exertion bring on extreme, prolonged exhaustion and sickness. • Unrefreshing sleep. • Headaches of a new kind or greater severity. • Sore throat, frequent or recurring. • Tender lymph nodes (cervical or axillary). chron·ic fa·tigue syn·drome (kron'ik fă-tēg' sin'drōm) Clinically evaluated new onset debilitating fatigue not substantially relieved by rest and concurrent four of eight symptoms persisting or occurring during 6 or more consecutive months and not predating the fatigue: substantial short-term memory impairment or concentration; sore throat; tender lymph nodes; muscle and multijoint pain; unusual headache; unrefreshing sleep; postexertional malaise lasting more than 24 hours; of unknown etiology.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis An older name for chronic fatigue syndrome; encephalomyelitis refers to inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. myalgic encephalomyelitis (mī·alˑ·jik en·sef”· ·lō·mīˈ· n See disease, Akureyi. Patient discussion about myalgic encephalomyelitis Q. I think i might have chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia. how can i tell the difference? So far, the doctors have not been able to diagnose anything and have basically been putting me on random medications just to relieve the symptoms. Symptoms I have: Fatigue (sleeping thirteen hours +) exhaustion pain in my knees, ankles, and weirdly my elbows. Headaches, congestion. I’ve been really nauseous occasionally and ended up having to go to the ER because of it. A. Here is a site that might help you. You can type in the symptoms one at a time and it’ll give you optional illnesses that correlates with the symptoms: Q. What can cause chronic fatigue?

For the last few weeks I’ve been having this strange fatigue, I sleep 12-14 hours at night (I used to sleep 6-7 hours), and I’m tired all day long. It really bothers me. What can is be? A. Wow, there are so many…to give you a taste- here is a list. I guess some of them you can rule out pretty easily through checking your habits and other symptoms (if you have any): Q. How do you know when your tiredness is a chronic health symptom? Sometimes I'm just overwhelmingly tired and need to lay down for awhile. Then I feel better but then I haven't accomplished a lot. At least after I rest I am able to do things again. What is Chronic Fatigue all about? A. Wow! Good question! I tell you what- here is a very good site I use all the time. You enter a symptom and it gives you all the illnesses that have the symptom. Then you enter another symptom you have and it narrows the list.

I already entered fatigue for you: and here is a site about chronic fatigue syndrome that you can look for differences: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis By Catherine Seton, MD and Lori Montgomery, MD, CCFP Introduction Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Enchephalomyelitis (say: my-AL-jic en-sef-uh-loh-may-ug-LAHY-tis) are terms used in place of each other. In Canada, this complex, often debilitating medical disorder is known as ME/CFS. In 2003, Health Canada wrote a clinical case definition of ME/CFS. It is: “an acquired illness that affects all body systems, predominantly (mostly) the neurological, endocrine, and immune systems.” ME/CFS is grouped with neurological diseases in the WHO International Classification of Diseases. It is very poorly understood by patients, health care professionals, and researchers. Causes We think that about 20,000 to 30,000 Canadians have ME/CFS. These numbers may not be accurate, partly because many people do not see a doctor for their symptoms.

Another problem is that some people think they have ME/CFS, but have never been tested for some of the things that cause similar symptoms, like infection, diabetes, or thyroid disease. Some researchers now believe that ME/CFS happens in people who are genetically predisposed to have the disease, although others have shown evidence that a viral infection of some kind or an impaired immune system might be the reason for it. When these people are exposed to a trigger event such as infection, traumatic injury, emotional trauma, hormonal change, or chemical exposure, their body’s ability to cope with physiologic stress is impaired.

Signs and symptoms This abnormal stress response, plus the wear and tear on the body from the trigger event, is thought to cause the wide range of symptoms that may occur such as: sudden onset of lasting, severe fatigue that severely reduces the patient’s activity level; may combine extreme tiredness, weakness, exhaustion, heaviness, and slowed response time feeling very tired, lasting more than 24 hours after very little physical or mental work non-restorative sleep (sleep after which they do not feel rested) muscle pain that moves around, sometimes without a clear reason; joint pain without redness or swelling headache gastrointestinal problems such as irritable bowel syndrome Diagnostic tests There is no blood test or other exam that makes the diagnosis of ME/CFS. Many people with ME/CFS do not look sick despite profound disability. Symptoms may vary from person to person and even from day to day in one person. Fatigue and other ME/CFS symptoms are common in many other illnesses. For these and other reasons, ME/CFS is a challenge to diagnose. Other diseases are ruled out The first step is to rule out other diseases that cause similar symptoms.

Blood, urine, and stool samples, and possibly other tests like X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) or a sleep study may be ordered based on your symptoms. Remember that endocrine diseases and infections are common conditions that cause similar symptoms to ME/CFS. If no other cause of the problem is found and you have a number of the symptoms listed above, you fit the criteria for diagnosis of ME/CFS. Some tests are done not to make a diagnosis, but to figure out the severity of disease. A Tilt Table Test, for example, can decide whether there is an abnormality in the nervous system’s ability to control heart rate and blood pressure, which happens sometimes in this disorder. If this is the case, more tests will be done to figure out the severity of the problem. Blood tests Some people advocate for a special blood test (called 37-kDa 2-5A Rnase L immunoassay). Levels of this enzyme fluctuate (go up and down) a lot in normal people, so it is not a specific diagnostic test. There are a number of other tests being studied, which may some day allow ME/CFS to be diagnosed based on urine or blood tests.

However, none is endorsed by medical authorities at this time. Education When a clear diagnosis is made, one of the most important parts of treatment is to educate the patient, family, friends, co-workers, and employers about what having the disease means to the person’s life. Many health care providers still doubt that this condition is a distinct disease. Patients will therefore find speaking with those providers difficult unless armed with enough information. It is also important that the patient have a good therapeutic alliance with a health professional who is educated about ME/CFS. Treatment approach Self-management It is critical that patients become as active as able without making the symptoms worse. It is therefore important to learn to plan, pace, and prioritize activities. This is part of pain self-management, which is described in more detail elsewhere on this site. Acupuncture, aquatic therapy, gentle massage, meditation, deep breathing, biofeedback, yoga, tai chi, and massage therapy help some patients as well. Other lifestyle changes Other lifestyle changes, like improving your sleep quality, eating a balanced diet, and stopping smoking, are important as well. Coping strategies can be learned to manage problems with memory, concentration, and attention. Medicines Medical treatment will focus on managing the symptoms of the disorder.

Pain can often be managed with anti-inflammatory medicines or acetaminophen, for example. Patients with ME/CFS are often very sensitive to medicines, so initial doses will be very low, with increases planned if side effects are able to be managed. It may be tempting to treat fatigue with stimulants, but many patients find that this allows them to increase activity in an unplanned and unpaced way, and this causes a “crash” afterwards. Some patients may benefit from: tricyclic antidepressants, which treat pain, sleep, and mood antihistamines, which may help allergy-like symptoms medicines like zopiclone and L-tryptophan may be used to help regulate sleep, but note that zopiclone and medicines like it can cause sleep dependence if used for more than 14 days serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) if the patient is depressed Treating low blood pressure Low blood pressure, if severe and causing symptoms, may need to be treated with fluids and salt along with support stockings, or in rare cases, with medicine.

For more information Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Can Improve Health Conditions in Fibromyalgia, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Can Improve Health Conditions in Fibromyalgia, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients Researchers at the Gottfries Clinic , affiliated with the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg University in Sweden recently published in the journal PLoS One that therapy based on vitamin B12 and folic acid can improve to some extent the overall health status of patients with chronic conditions like myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and fibromyalgia. The study is entitled “ Response to vitamin B12 and folic Acid in myalgic encephalomyelitis and fibromyalgia .” ME, which is also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is a complex disorder characterized by extreme, remitting/relapsing fatigue that interferes with a person’s well-being and is not relieved by rest or recovery. Other symptoms include post-exertional malaise, muscle and/or joint pain, headaches, loss of memory or concentration, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes and unrefreshing sleep.

ME shares features with fibromyalgia, a medical disorder characterized by widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, stiffness and numbness in certain parts of the body, headaches, sleep disorder and mood alterations. Both disorders can affect people’s ability to conduct simple daily tasks, compromising their quality of life. Women are usually more affected than men. Vitamin B12 and folic acid are known to be important factors to maintain a good health status and ME patients have been reported to positively respond to frequent vitamin B12 injections combined with oral folic acid. In the study, researchers assessed 38 ME patients with or without fibromyalgia who received B12 injections at least once a week for a period of six months up to several years. Patients were grouped into good (15 patients) and mild (23 patients) responders for B12/folic acid therapy. 80% of the good responders had only ME, whereas 52% of the mild responders had ME and fibromyalgia. Researchers found that good responders had received more B12 injections with a higher dose and for a longer period of time, as well as a higher daily amount of oral folic acid.

Good responders reported not using strong analgesics to manage their disease symptoms, whereas 70% of the mild responders used analgesics like opioids on a daily basis and still reported more pain than good responders. Fibromyalgia patients were found to be more likely to find relief from strong analgesics, but the team suggests that opioid analgesics may negatively interfere with B12/folic acid treatment. Good responders were also found to be more often under treatment with thyroid hormones, suggesting that this treatment could perhaps also contribute to the positive effect of B12/folic acid therapy. Good responders considered their health status “very much” or “much” improved, while mild responders rated it as “much” or “minimally” improved. The research team concluded that the dose-response relationship and long-lasting effects of high-concentrated B12 injections and a daily dose of oral folic acid indicates an overall positive health response in a subset of patients with ME/fibromyalgia. Researchers suggest that analgesic use and co-existing thyroid dysfunction should be taken into account when designing clinical trials for ME and fibromyalgia patients.

Question: Myalgic pain affects which part of the body?
Answer: Muscles