Choosing an Asthma Specialist: Allergist, Pulmonologist, and More Types Read the How to Understand Your Child's Asthma Action Plan article > > Internist. An internist is a doctor who specializes in internal medicine -- the study of diseases in adults, particularly those related to internal organs -- and who has completed three years of training after medical school. Pediatrician. A pediatrician is a doctor who has three years of special training after medical school in the care of children from birth though college. A pediatrician can diagnose and treat childhood asthma . Pulmonologist. A pulmonologist has taken two or three additional years of training following residency in internal medicine or pediatrics to qualify as a specialist in respiratory diseases. Some pulmonologists may get additional board certification in critical-care medicine. Pulmonary Rehabilitation Therapist. While not a physician, this nurse or respiratory therapist is trained in pulmonary rehabilitation techniques and can provide asthma support and information on exercise and asthma , lung function, and stress and asthma . The pulmonary rehabilitation therapist can help educate you on how to care for your symptoms of asthma .

Questions to Ask When Choosing an Asthma Specialist Once you determine the type of asthma specialist you want to see, consider the following questions to help make the best choice: Is the doctor board certified? This means that the doctor passed a standard exam given by the governing board in his or her specialty. Where did the doctor go to medical school? Your local medical society can provide this information. Is the doctor involved in any academic pursuits, such as teaching, writing, or research? Such a doctor may be more up-to-date in the latest developments in the treatment of asthma . Where does the doctor have hospital privileges and where are these hospitals located? Some doctors may not admit patients to certain hospitals, and this is an important consideration for anyone with a chronic health problem. Does the doctor accept your particular type of health insurance , or is the doctor a member of the medical panel associated with your HMO? Changes in medical coverage may mean that the doctor you now see will not be the one you see in a year or two. This makes it even more important to understand your asthma diagnosis fully, stay abreast of treatment methods, and follow your asthma action plan . WebMD Medical Reference What Is a Pediatrician? What Is a Pediatrician? Why Do You Need a Pediatrician?

It's one of the biggest decisions you make before your baby is born. Which pediatrician is the right one for your child? Before you start your search, take a few minutes to learn exactly what this kind of doctor does. It will help you make a better choice and know what to expect when your little one arrives. A pediatrician is a doctor who manages the health of your child, including physical, behavior, and mental health issues. He's trained to diagnose and treat childhood illnesses -- from minor health problems to serious diseases. Pediatricians have an education that gives them special skills to take care of your child's health. They graduated from medical school and completed a 3-year residency program in pediatrics. You'll want to find one who's also "board-certified." That means he's passed rigorous exams given by the American Board of Pediatrics. To stay certified, pediatricians have to meet regular education requirements. What Does Your Pediatrician Do? He'll see your child many times from birth to age 2 and once a year from ages 2 to 5 for "well-child visits." After age 5, your pediatrician will likely continue to see your little one every year for annual checkups.

He's also the first person to call whenever your child is sick. To take care of your child, your pediatrician will: Do physical exams Make sure she meets milestones in growth, behavior, and skills Diagnose and treat your child's illnesses, infections, injuries, and other health problems Give you information about your child's health, safety, nutrition, and fitness needs Answer your questions about your little one's growth and development Refer you to specialists if he thinks your child needs expert care How Does Your Pediatrician Work With Your Delivery Team? Most hospitals ask if you have a pediatrician when you go in to deliver. Your baby's first examination may be with a hospital pediatrician or your chosen pediatrician. It depends on the hospital's policy and whether your newborn's doctor makes rounds there. If a hospital pediatrician checks your baby, he'll send your pediatrician notes about his exam. After you leave the hospital, your pediatrician will see your baby 48 to 72 hours later, and regularly after that for "well-child visits." Continued Why Do You Need a Pediatrician? One thing to keep in mind: Family medicine doctors are also an option for your child. They look after the health of your whole family -- kids and grown-ups alike.

It's a personal choice whether you use one or a pediatrician. Some reasons to go with a pediatrician are: They have special training in children's health. They only see children in their practice, so they have a lot of experience in recognizing and treating childhood illnesses. If your child was born early or has a health condition that needs close monitoring, a pediatrician may offer more specialized care. WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by Kecia Gaither, MD, MPH on October 02, 2016 Sources What is a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist? - HealthyChildren.org What is a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist? Page Content Article Body If your child has a recurring or persistent disease caused by an infectious agent such as bacteria, a fungus, a parasite, or other rare infection, a pediatric infectious diseases specialist has the experience and qualifications to help your pediatrician diagnose and treat your child. Pediatric infectious diseases specialists treat children from birth through the teen years. What Kind of Training Do Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialists Have?

Pediatric infectious diseases specialists are medical doctors who have Graduated from medical school Completed pediatric residency training (at least 3 years) Completed infectious diseases training (at least 3 years) Certification as a pediatric infectious diseases specialist from the American Board of Pediatrics What Types of Treatments Do Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialists Provide? Pediatric infectious diseases specialists treat a wide range of infectious and immunologic diseases such as those caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Other pediatric infectious diseases specialists are consulted for diseases that are complicated or atypical, including Illnesses that are of unclear cause, have prolonged fever, or are recurrent Respiratory infections Meningitis Where Can I Find A Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist? Pediatric infectious diseases specialists typically practice in large community hospitals and university medical centers. Some pediatric infectious diseases specialists have their own private practices. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialists — The Best Care For Children Children are not just small adults. Their bodies are growing and have unique medical needs. They usually express their concerns differently than adults do. They cannot always answer medical questions, and are not always able to be patient and cooperative. Pediatric infectious diseases specialists know how to examine and treat children in a way that makes them relaxed and cooperative.

They also understand the unique signs, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes/prognoses associated with infectious diseases in children, which can be quite different from those of adults with such infections. If your pediatrician suggests that your child be evaluated by a pediatric infectious diseases specialist, you can be assured that your child will receive the best possible care. To find a pediatrician or pediatric specialist in your area, click here . Last Updated 11/21/2015 The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances. Who's Who in the Hospital Who's Who in the Hospital Having a child in the hospital is a stressful time. And questions about the people who are providing care and their roles can add to the confusion. Here's a guide to those who take care of kids in the hospital: Medical student: Medical students usually spend the first 2 years of medical school in the classroom and the last 2 years seeing patients in hospital and office settings.

Resident: A resident is a doctor who has graduated medical school and is now training in a specific medical area, like pediatrics or internal medicine. Doctors spend from 3 to 7 years in residency training before taking examinations to receive board certification in their specialty. Residents providing care are supervised by attending physicians who must approve their decisions. Fellow: A fellow has completed medical school and residency training, and is getting additional clinical training in a subspecialty. Attending physician: An attending physician has completed medical training and has primary responsibility for the care of the patient. While overseeing care, the attending may supervise a team of medical students, residents, and fellows. Subspecialist: A subspecialist is an attending physician who focuses on a particular area of a subspecialty, such as pediatric cardiology (heart and vascular system) or pediatric rheumatology (problems involving the joints, such as arthritis). Hospitalist: Hospitalists are doctors who usually specialize in internal medicine, family practice, or pediatrics and focus on the care of hospitalized children. A hospitalist caring for your child will be in contact with your family doctor but will manage treatment while your child is hospitalized.

Hospitalists usually don't have private practices, so their time is completely or almost completely devoted to caring for hospitalized patients. Physician assistant (PA): A physician assistant, under the supervision of a trained doctor, examines patients, diagnoses and treats simple illnesses, orders tests and interprets results, provides health care counseling, assists in surgery, and writes prescriptions. Most PAs have a college degree and have completed a 2- to 3-year training program. Doctor on-call: The "doctor on-call" is a physician working on weekends, evenings, and other shifts to answer questions or cover emergencies. continue Specialists and Subspecialists Anesthesiologist: An anesthesiologist administers medicine during surgery to help patients relax and fall asleep. The anesthesiologist is present during an operation to watch over patients and make sure they have no pain. They also may be consulted to help with pain management in patients with pain problems outside the operating room. Endocrinologist: An endocrinologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and conditions caused by hormone problems, such as diabetes and growth problems. Cardiologist: A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating heart or blood vessel problems.

Gastroenterologist: This type of doctor specializes in problems with digestion and diseases of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and intestines. Hematologist: A hematologist is a doctor who specializes in blood disorders. Neonatologist: A neonatologist is a pediatrician with specialty training in the care of premature and critically ill newborns. Nephrologist: A nephrologist is a doctor who diagnoses and treats kidney problems. Neurologist: This type of doctor specializes in diagnosing and treating brain and nervous system disorders. Oncologist: An oncologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer. Otolaryngologist: This doctor specializes in treating ear, nose, throat, and neck problems. Psychiatrist: A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating emotional and behavioral problems through psychotherapy, prescribing medications, and performing some medical procedures. Psychologist: A psychologist specializes in treating emotional and behavioral problems through psychological consultation, assessment, testing, and therapy. A psychologist is not a medical doctor, but has a doctoral degree (PhD or PsyD).

Psychologists at hospitals often help prevent or treat the mental health, behavioral, and emotional problems that patients and families may experience when coping with medical issues. Pulmonologist: A pulmonologist is a doctor who concentrates on lung problems, such as asthma and cystic fibrosis. Rheumatologist: A rheumatologist is a doctor who treats problems involving the joints, muscles, and bones, as well as autoimmune diseases. Rheumatologists treat conditions such as arthritis and lupus. Surgeon: A surgeon is a doctor who can operate on patients if needed. A general surgeon does many different types of procedures, such as taking out an appendix or fixing a hernia. Specialized types of surgeons include neurosurgeons who operate on the brain and nervous system, urologists who operate on the urinary system, and orthopedists who operate on bones and joints. previous continue Nurses Nurses provide much of the day-to-day care in hospitals, closely monitoring a patient's condition and performing vital jobs like giving medicine and educating patients about self-care. Many kinds of nurses provide varying levels of care: Licensed practical nurse (LPN): LPNs provide basic care and assistance to patients with tasks like bathing, changing wound dressings, and taking vital signs.

An LPN has at least 1 year of training in this kind of care. Registered nurse (RN): A registered nurse gives medication, performs small procedures such as drawing blood, and closely follows a child's condition. RNs have graduated from a nursing program and have a state license. Advanced practice nurses (APN): An advanced practice nurse is an RN who has received advanced training beyond nursing school. At minimum, APNs have a college degree and a master's degree in nursing. Different kinds of APNs include: Nurse practitioner (NP): A nurse practitioner has additional training in a particular area, such as family practice or pediatrics. NPs often take the medical history, do the initial physical exam, perform some tests and procedures, write prescriptions, and treat minor illnesses and injuries. NPs have a master's degree, board certification in their specialty, and a state license. Certified nurse midwife (CNM): A certified nurse midwife provides gynecologic care and obstetric care for low-risk pregnancies. CNMs attend births in hospitals, birth centers, and homes. Clinical nurse specialist (CNS): A clinical nurse specialist provides a wide range of care in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, private offices, and community health centers.

A CNS has been licensed in nursing, has a master's degree, and often works in administration, education, or research. Certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA): CRNAs specialize in giving and monitoring anesthesia. They prepare patients before procedures, administer anesthesia, and oversee recovery from anesthesia. CRNAs receive 2 to 3 years of training in this area. previous continue Other Medical Staff In addition to care from doctors and nurses during a hospital stay, kids may also see therapists with special training in different fields. Child life specialist: Child life specialists work to reduce stress and anxiety while kids are in the hospital. They do this in a variety of ways, helping kids deal with everything from getting blood drawn to missing home and coping with a diagnosis of a serious illness. They offer comfort and give kids a chance to play or to talk about feelings. A child life specialist often has training in social work. Health educator: This specialist works as part of a medical team, teaching patients about a particular health condition and how to manage it. Health educators are trained and certified. They often specialize in a particular field, such as diabetes or asthma. Dietitian: A dietitian plans meals for patients based on their medical condition and needs.

A dietitian also might provide dietary guidance for kids to help them after they leave the hospital. Occupational therapist: An occupational therapist works with kids to improve coordination, motor skills, and skills needed to play, function in school, and perform routine activities (like hand-eye coordination). Kids in occupational therapy may be coping with health issues like birth defects, autism, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, developmental delays, burns, amputations, or severe injuries. Pharmacist: A pharmacist provides medicines for patients, checks for any interactions between drugs, and works with the rest of the medical team to choose appropriate treatments. Physical therapist: A physical therapist uses exercises, stretches, and other techniques to improve mobility, decrease pain, and reduce any disability related to illness or injury. Kids may need physical therapy after surgery or as a result of developmental delays, injuries, or long hospitalizations. Respiratory therapist: A respiratory therapist evaluates, treats, and cares for kids with breathing problems and heart problems that also affect the lungs. Kids with obstructed airway passages may receive chest physiotherapy (exercises that move mucus out of the lungs to open airways) or inhaled medicines (medicines breathed into the lungs).

Others who are critically ill and unable to breathe on their own may be put on ventilators to support breathing. Social worker: A social worker at a hospital focuses on improving the emotional well-being of kids and their families, and helps coordinate health care. In addition to offering emotional support, a social worker can help the family meet a child's needs at school or at home. Speech-language therapist: A speech-language therapist can work with patients who have problems speaking or swallowing, such as kids with developmental delays, hearing problems, neurological issues, or birth defects like cleft palates. Volunteer: Volunteers of all ages, from high school students to retirees, donate their time to help enhance patient care. The tasks volunteers do vary from hospital to hospital, but might include bringing games and books to patients or taking them for a walk around the hospital. Pet therapy volunteer: Hospitals sometimes use pet therapy, also called animal-assisted therapy, to help reduce stress, make patients feel more comfortable, and improve mood. Research has shown that pet therapy can improve emotional well-being in patients coping with a variety of conditions, and may even improve mobility, motor skills, and independence of those with disabilities.

In pet therapy, volunteers and their pets who have completed training programs are brought to the patient's bedside, with the patient's consent. The hospital can be a busy place, but if you're uncertain about who someone is or what role a person plays in your child's care, don't hesitate to ask someone on staff. Understanding this will help you and your child feel more comfortable during a hospital stay. What Is a Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon? -OrthoInfo - AAOS Copyright 2010 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons What Is a Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon? A pediatric orthopaedist is the best-trained and most experienced doctor to properly evaluate and treat musculoskeletal (bone, joint, or muscle) problems in a child who is still growing. This includes newborn babies through teenagers. What kind of training do pediatric orthopaedic surgeons have? Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons choose to make the care of children the focus of their medical practice. The unique nature of medical and surgical care of children is learned from advanced training and experience in practice.

They are doctors who have: Graduated from an approved medical school (typically four years) Graduated from an approved orthopaedic surgery residency program (typically five years) Completed additional subspecialty training in pediatric orthopaedics and pediatric spinal deformity (typically one year) Top of page What types of problems do pediatric orthopaedic surgeons treat? A child's musculoskeletal problems are different from those of an adult. Because children are still growing, the body's response to injuries, infections, and deformities may be quite different than what would be seen in a full-grown person. Sometimes, what is thought to be a problem in a child is just a variation of growth that will resolve with time. A good example of this is intoeing in a toddler. Some of the problems children have with their bones and joints that are due to growth do not even occur in adults. And, the evaluation and treatment of a child is usually quite different than for an adult -- even for the same problem. Children with complex pediatric problems are best managed by a medical-surgical team approach.

Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons diagnose, treat, and manage children's musculoskeletal problems, such as: Limb and spine deformities noted at birth or later in life (clubfoot, scoliosis, limb length differences) Gait abnormalities (limping) Top of page Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons: Specialty care for children Children are not just small adults. They cannot always say what is bothering them, or answer medical questions, or be patient and cooperative during a medical examination. Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons know how to examine and treat children in a way to help them be relaxed and cooperative. They also appreciate the worry that goes with having a child with a musculoskeletal problem and they have experience in communicating with anxious family members. Most pediatric orthopaedic surgeons' offices are arranged and decorated with children in mind. Specially designed equipment, available toys, videos, and reading materials all help to create a comfortable and nonthreatening environment for the child. Top of page Where can I find a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon? Pediatric orthopaedists have the widest range of treatment options, the most extensive and comprehensive training, and the greatest expertise in dealing with children and treating their musculoskeletal problems.

Your pediatrician or primary care doctor may have suggestions about whom to see, or if you feel that a pediatric orthopaedist is the right doctor for your child, the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) website ( ( ( contains a directory of members in every geographic location. Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America Find a Doctor Find a Doctor ( American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Find an Orthopaedist Find an Orthopaedist ( American Academy of Pediatrics () Last reviewed: September 2010 Reviewed by members of POSNA (Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America) The Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) is a group of board eligible/board certified orthopaedic surgeons who have specialized training in the care of children's musculoskeletal health. One of our goals is to continue to be the authoritative source for patients and families on children's orthopaedic conditions. Our Public Education and Media Relations Committee works with the AAOS to develop, review, and update the pediatric topics within OrthoInfo, so we ensure that patients, families and other healthcare professionals have the latest information and practice guidelines at the click of a link.

AAOS does not endorse any treatments, procedures, products, or physicians referenced herein. This information is provided as an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice. Anyone seeking specific orthopaedic advice or assistance should consult his or her orthopaedic surgeon, or locate one in your area through the AAOS "Find an Orthopaedist" program on this website. Copyright 2010 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Related Links Every Thyroid Patient Doesn't Need an Endocrinologist By Mary Shomon - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. Updated May 05, 2016 Many people think that the best doctor to treat every thyroid condition is an endocrinologist. Endocrinology is the specialty that offers advanced training in the endocrine system -- which includes various glands and organs, including the thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands, among others. The majority of endocrinologists specialize in diabetes treatment. More recently, an increasing number are specializing in the profitable area of reproductive endocrinology (also known as "fertility doctors.") With an aging population, endocrinologists are also increasingly being called on to help manage osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Surprisingly, despite the prevalence of thyroid disease, few endocrinologists choose to focus their work on thyroid diagnosis and treatment. Those who do work with thyroid patients tend to concentrate mainly on handling more acute thyroid situations, such as thyroid cancer, thyroid storm , Graves' disease, hyperthyroidism, nodules, and goiter. A small subset of endocrinologists, which wants to differentiate itself, is calling itself "thyroidologists." Thyroidologists tend to be very traditional endocrinologists. If you have a suspected or diagnosed thyroid condition, do you need an endocrinologist? The answer? Many thyroid patients do not need an endocrinologist. I know...it sounds counterintuitive to say this, but for many thyroid patients, an endocrinologist or thyroidologist may not be your best choice, unless you are in an "acute" thyroid situation. When should you absolutely use an endocrinologist? First, if you have thyroid cancer, you'll want to see an endocrinologist. Keep in mind that you can't just pick an endocrinologist off a list. You only want one who has expertise in treating thyroid cancer patients.

Since thyroid cancer is not especially common -- an estimated 40,000 cases a year are diagnosed in the U.S. -- many endocrinologists may never have even diagnosed or treated thyroid cancer. (A good source to find physicians who specialize in diagnosing and treating thyroid cancer is the Thyroid Cancer Survivors' Association ). Second, if you have acute Graves' disease , thyroid nodules, or a goiter -- see an endocrinologist. But again -- not just any endocrinologist will do. You'll need one who has specific expertise in treating thyroid patients. You do not want a diabetes specialist who handles a thyroid patient here and there on the side. Here, I'd suggest the American Thyroid Association "Find a Specialist" directory or the endocrinologists listed in the Thyroid Top Docs Directory . (Note: when you need to have surgery to remove all or part of your thyroid, choose a surgeon who is an expert in thyroid surgery. Keep in mind that many ear/nose/throat and general surgeons are not considered thyroid surgery experts; and you'll want a surgeon who does dozens of thyroid surgeries a year, at minimum.

For more information, read Finding a Top Thyroid Surgeon .) Third, if you are pregnant and you have Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism , or you have a newborn or young child diagnosed with a thyroid disorder, see an endocrinologist. It's especially important to manage an overactive thyroid during pregnancy -- because poor treatment can result in problems for the newborn. And managing thyroid issues in newborns and young children is better handled by an endocrinologist and not something that should typically be left to a pediatrician. When should you consider a doctor beyond an endocrinologist? If you have a "harder to diagnose" thyroid imbalance, autoimmune thyroid disease like Hashimoto's, subclinical/borderline thyroid disease, a "normal" TSH but thyroid symptoms, or you're being treated for hypothyroidism but you still don't feel well, most endocrinologists are probably not the best fit for you. Why? Let's take a look. To start, we have a severe and worsening nationwide shortage of endocrinologists .

Right now, there are an estimated 4,000 endocrinologists in the United States who are serving as many as 100 million Americans -- with diabetes, fertility problems, polycystic ovary syndrome, osteoporosis, Graves' disease, thyroid cancer, thyroid nodules, etc. -- who realistically should be seen by an endocrinologist. That's one endocrinologist for every 25,000 people who need one. And, only 150 or so new endocrinologists are coming out of specialty training each year. Given such a shortage, most endocrinologists do not have the time to do time-consuming detective work, or trial-and-error treatment protocols, with patients who do not have what the doctors consider to be a "life-threatening" thyroid conditions. That means that patients who have conditions like Hashimoto's, or who are being treated for hypothyroidism but still experiencing symptoms, are often considered to be lower priority by endocrinologists. (This is not to say that Hashimoto's and hypothyroidism are not debilitating and worthy of serious attention.

Endocrinologists, however, do not consider them to be acute or high-level thyroid conditions, and given the lengthy waiting lists of patients with diabetes and acute thyroid problems, some endocrinologists have said outright that Hashimoto's and hypothyroidism don't warrant a specialist.) Access is also a major consideration. You'll often have to wait months to get an appointment with an endocrinologist. Even then, your appointment is likely to last only a few minutes. (In some cases, you may be seen by a physician's assistant, and never see the endocrinologist personally.) If you do get to see the doctor directly, some endocrinologists will, unfortunately, make it clear that you are "wasting their time" if you are coming to them with borderline thyroid test levels, or a "normal" TSH test but continuing symptoms . Most endocrinologists tend to strictly follow the official treatment approaches of their professional organizations, so you are likely to be diagnosed and treated according to the treatment guidelines of, for example, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE).

The AACE guidelines say that keeping the thyroid in balance requires what they say are "three easy steps" -- testing using the TSH test, prescribing levothyroxine so the patient is in the " normal range " (of course, which thyroid "normal range" they adhere to is still in question), and following up with a TSH test every 6 to 12 months. The majority of endocrinologists are not comfortable supplementing levothyroxine medications with prescription T3 drugs , despite some studies that suggest a benefit for some patients . And most endocrinologists do not prescribe natural desiccated thyroid drugs like Armour or Nature-Throid. What are the two types of thyroid specialists? Thyroid patients and the thyroid community are starting to recognize that in practice, thyroid disease may actually require two very different types of "specialists:" Diagnosis and treatment of acute thyroid conditions should be done by endocrinologists Diagnosis and treatment of subtle hypothyroidism and optimizing hypothyroidism treatment may for many patients be best done by hormone specialists.

The "specialists" for hormone balance and chronic hypothyroidism tend to be found in a variety of disciplines and specialties, and include: integrative physicians; functional medicine doctors; holistic MDs; osteopaths; anti-aging practitioners; gynecologists; menopause and hormone experts; internists; and primary care physicians who have taken an interest in thyroid and hormone balance in their patients. Your Health Team: Diabetes | Lifescript.com Your Health Team If you have diabetes, you may choose to visit one or more of the following types of doctors. Children’s doctors specializing in diabetes are listed at the end: Primary care physician Primary care refers to general medical care for routine or chronic illnesses, preventive care and minor injuries. The primary care physician is usually the first health care professional a patient sees; the physician provides a referral to a specialist if necessary. The primary care physician, who typically works in private or group practice, may collaborate with other physicians, physicians’ assistants and nurse practitioners. That allows a patient to see a familiar backup physician or other health professional, if the primary care physician is unavailable. Internist Internal medicine specialists focus primarily on treating adult medical disorders.

Despite the name, they are schooled in treating the whole body, not just the internal organs, and see patients for a variety of conditions and complaints, including diabetes. Also known as internists, these doctors often work as general practitioners. Patients see an internist for an annual checkup and diagnosis, as well as for treatment and management of acute and chronic illnesses (including prescriptions for medications). Preventive medicine and patient education are often emphasized. Diabetes specialist A diabetes specialist is an endocrinologist, internist or family-care doctor who specializes in diabetes care. A patient sees a diabetes specialist after being tested and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes. Treatment varies between the types, but may include glucose monitoring, insulin injections, oral medication and/or lifestyle changes, like diet and exercise. Endocrinologist An endocrinologist is a physician trained in diseases that affect the endocrine system, a complex group of hormone-producing glands. Endocrinologists treat conditions in which hormones are imbalanced or cause complications, including diabetes, menopause, thyroid disease, osteoporosis, hypertension, infertility and more. Most patients visit an endocrinologist on referral from their primary care physician.

Family practitioner A family medical practitioner, or family doctor, is a general practitioner with additional specialty training and expertise in dealing with patients of all ages. Family medical practitioners may provide both preventive care (routine checkups) and diagnosis and treatment of acute chronic illness. Family medical practitioners coordinate care with other subspecialists when needed. Some family practitioners have special training in diabetes. Ophthalmologist An ophthalmologist is a doctor of medicine or doctor of osteopathic medicine, who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the eyes. Areas of concentration are the regions surrounding the eye, including tear ducts and eyelids. Most people with diabetes have only minor eye disorders, but a visit to an ophthalmologist can keep them from getting worse or leading to diabetic retinopathy, a condition that damages blood vessels in the retinas. An ophthalmologist will refer a diabetes patient to a retinal specialist, if retinal problems arise. Ophthalmologists are also trained in eye surgery, including laser eye surgery (LASIK) to reconstruct the cornea. Subspecialties within ophthalmology focus on cataracts, glaucoma and ocular oncology. Ophthalmologists can also specialize in pediatric ophthalmology.

Psychologist Psychologists are professionals who focus on patients’ mental and emotional health. Patients see psychologists for therapy, but do not receive prescriptions for medication from them. They are not typically physicians, but usually hold a Ph.D. or other advanced academic degree. Patients may see a psychologist for a variety of issues, such as eating disorders, anxiety, depression or poor impulse control, as well as depression and anxiety from dealing with a chronic condition such as diabetes. Treatment options can include counseling or psychotherapy. Psychiatrist Psychiatrists are board-certified physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. A diabetes patient might be referred to a psychiatrist for treatment of depression and anxiety, which can accompany chronic conditions. Diagnostic tools for the psychiatrist can include patient history and physical exams, laboratory tests and brain imaging scans, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. Psychiatrists can prescribe medication – usually in conjunction with other treatment options, such as psychotherapy – and often work in tandem with neurologists, talk therapists and counselors. Podiatrist Podiatrists, also known as doctors of podiatric medicine (DPM), focus on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle and lower leg.

Conditions can range from bunions and heel spurs to congenital abnormalities and ankle and foot injuries. Podiatrists also can diagnose and treat foot ailments related to diabetes. Up to 70% of people with diabetes have nervous-system damage. When the feet are affected, the resulting numbness can lead to injury, foot ulcers and even amputations. Diagnostic tools include X-rays and laboratory tests, followed by treatments such as medication, physical therapy, orthotics and casts. Dentist A dentist is an accredited medical professional who specializes in the treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of gums, teeth and mouths. People with diabetes are at higher risk of developing oral health problems, and are more susceptible to serious gum disease (periodontitis), which – in turn -- may affect blood glucose control. For diabetes, a dentist will look for gingival and periodontal disease that can become exacerbated in the diabetic patient. Patients with diabetes may also have inflammation, bone loss and tooth detachment due to periodontitis. Some dentists specialize in diabetes patients. Oral surgeon Oral surgeons are dentists who have received additional training in surgical techniques to treat diseases or injuries of the teeth, gums, mouth and jaws.

These surgeries can treat dental problems too severe to be treated by general dentistry, such as removing wisdom teeth, impacted teeth and dental implants; corrective jaw surgery; or bone grafts. Oral surgeons trained in the use of anesthesia may also perform gingivectomy or gum surgery, which removes diseased gum tissue by laser. Exercise Physiologist An exercise physiologist is a highly educated certified health professional trained in the understanding of the physiological mechanisms behind physical activity. An exercise physiologist develops and coordinates exercise programs for patients, including diabetes patients, and may perform routine laboratory tests of blood samples for cholesterol level and glucose tolerance. Exercise physiologists are frequently called upon in lieu of personal trainers because of their higher educational background, to ensure that patients receive an exercise program that’s medically sound. Registered Dietitian A registered dietitian (R.D.) completes a course of study and passes a national exam to help patients use food to prevent and treat disease and maintain good health. R.D.s can help develop modified diets and educate individuals on good nutritional habits to improve symptoms of diabetes and other chronic conditions.

For children with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: Pediatrician Pediatricians are primary care physicians specializing in pediatrics, the medical care of children, ranging from infants to adolescents. Pediatricians can work in general practice – performing wellness examinations and diagnosing and treating a range of injuries or illnesses, including diabetes. They can also specialize in fields, such as pediatric oncology or orthopedics. Congenital defects and developmental assessment are key components of this field. Pediatricians deal with a variety of conditions, from autism and ADHD to obesity and immunizations. Pediatric endocrinologist Pediatric endocrinology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the physical and sexual development of children, typically ranging from infants to late teens. Pediatric endocrinologists diagnose and treat endocrine disorders, particularly type 1 diabetes and growth development disorders, as well as hypoglycemia, thyroid and adrenal disorders. Pediatric ophthalmologist A pediatric ophthalmologist, referred to as a children’s eye doctor, concentrates on a subspecialty of ophthalmology that focuses on the ocular health of infants, children and adolescents.

Unlike an optometrist, who can perform eye exams and prescribe corrective lenses, a pediatric ophthalmologist practices corrective eye surgery, laser eye surgery and other procedures and monitors retinal health issues caused by diabetes. Other eye problems in children include strabismus (commonly known as crossed-eyes), as well as diseases and abnormalities of the cornea. The information contained on (the "Site") is provided for informational purposes only and is not meant to substitute for advice from your doctor or healthcare professional. This information should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing any medication. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare professional regarding any medical condition. Information and statements provided by the site about dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Lifescript does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, physicians, third-party products, procedures, opinions, or other information mentioned on the Site. Reliance on any information provided by Lifescript is solely at your own risk. Rate This Article IDSA : What is an ID Specialist What is an ID Specialist? When do I need an ID specialist?

Many common infections can be treated by your personal physician. Your doctor might refer you to an ID specialist when an infection is difficult to diagnose an infection is accompanied by a high fever a patient does not respond to treatment a healthy person plans to travel to a foreign country or a location where infection risk is higher treating illnesses becomes a part of a patient's overall care, for example, a patient with HIV/AIDS In all of these cases, the specialized training and diagnostic tools of the ID specialist can help determine the cause of your infection and the best approach to treatment. What will my visit be like? Typical Procedures ID specialists review your medical data, including X-rays and laboratory reports such as blood work and culture data. They also may perform a physical exam to help determine the cause of the problem. Tests ID specialists often order laboratory tests to examine samples of blood or other body f luids or cultures from wounds. A blood serum analysis can help the ID specialist detect antibodies that indicate what type of infection you have. These advanced tests can further explain the results of earlier tests, helping to pinpoint the problem. Treatments Treatments consist of medicines—usually antibiotics—to help battle the infection and prevent it from returning.

These medicines may be given to you orally (in the form of pills or liquids) or administered directly into your veins, via an IV tube. Many ID specialists have IV antibiotic therapy available in their offices, which decreases the likelihood that you will need to be hospitalized. An ID specialist may also recommend a vaccination regimen for you and your children. One of the best strategies for preventing infectious diseases is immunization. Ask your doctor for advice about other things you and your family can do to prevent infectious diseases. How was my ID specialist trained? Your ID Physician has 9-10 years of specialized education and training. 4 years of medical school 3 years training as a doctor of internal medicine 2-3 years specialized training in infectious diseases Most ID specialists who treat patients also are board certified. They have passed a difficult certification examination by the American Board of Internal Medicine in both internal medicine and infectious diseases. What information should I give to my ID specialist? All medical records related to your condition X-rays, laboratory reports and immunization records. Often your personal physician will forward this information to the specialist before your scheduled appointment.

A list of all medications you take This list should include over-the-counter and prescription medications A list of any allergies you have Let the ID specialist know if you are taking birth control pills Some antibiotics may interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Back to Top How does my ID specialist work with other medical professionals? The ID specialist works with your personal physician to determine which diagnostic tests are appropriate. If treatment is necessary, your doctor and the ID specialist will work together to develop a treatment plan best suited to your needs. Often you will be asked to return to the ID specialist for a follow-up visit. This allows the specialist to check on your progress, confirm that the infection is gone and help prevent it from coming back. If you acquire an infection while in the hospital, the ID specialist will work with other hospital physicians to help direct your care. The specialist also might provide follow-up care after you go home. If your ID specialist is also your personal physician, he or she will coordinate your care, referring you to other specialists when necessary.

Question: Who does a pediatric doctor specialise in treating?
Answer: Children