Josip Broz Tito | president of Yugoslavia | Britannica.com president of Yugoslavia Dragoljub Mihailović Josip Broz Tito, original name Josip Broz (born May 7, 1892, Kumrovec, near Zagreb , Croatia , Austria-Hungary [now in Croatia]—died May 4, 1980, Ljubljana , Yugoslavia [now in Slovenia]), Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. He was secretary-general (later president) of the Communist Party (League of Communists) of Yugoslavia (1939–80), supreme commander of the Yugoslav Partisans (1941–45) and the Yugoslav People’s Army (1945–80), and marshal (1943–80), premier (1945–53), and president (1953–80) of Yugoslavia . Tito was the chief architect of the “second Yugoslavia,” a socialist federation that lasted from World War II until 1991.

He was the first Communist leader in power to defy Soviet hegemony , a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as “national communism”), and a promoter of the policy of nonalignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War . Josip Broz Tito, 1972. Sygma Early life Josip Broz was born to a large peasant family in Kumrovec, northwest of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, of a Croat father and a Slovene mother. He was apprenticed to a locksmith in 1907 and completed his training in 1910, when he joined the Social Democratic Party of Croatia-Slavonia at Zagreb. After working as an itinerant metalworker in various Austro-Hungarian and German centres, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army in 1913, completed noncommissioned-officer training, and was sent as a sergeant in the war against Serbia in 1914. Transferred to the Russian front in early 1915, he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians in April 1915.

After a long hospitalization he was sent to prisoner-of-war camps, where he became acquainted with Bolshevik propaganda . In 1917 he participated in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and, after the October Revolution , joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk , Siberia . Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya (now Kyrgyzstan) and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married a Russian woman and joined the South Slav section of the Bolshevik party. In October 1920 he returned to his native Croatia (then part of the newly established Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes) and soon joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY). Josip Broz Tito’s birthplace, Kumrovec, Croatia. Dennis Jarvis (CC-BY-2.0) (A Britannica Publishing Partner) Communist organizer Broz’s career as a communist militant was cut short in December 1920 by a state ban against communist activities. He lost his job in a Zagreb locksmith shop and moved to a nearby village, where he worked as a mill mechanic until 1923.

Having revived his links with the underground CPY, he served as a local and regional party functionary and trade union organizer in Croatia and Serbia until 1927, when he joined the CPY committee for Zagreb, quickly becoming its organizational secretary. He promoted a campaign against party functions (the so-called Zagreb Line), thereby attracting the attention of Moscow . Rewarded by being named the Zagreb committee’s political secretary in April 1928, he led street demonstrations against the authorities following the assassination of Croat deputies in the Belgrade parliament in June 1928. His success at reviving the CPY’s vitality was cut short by arrest in August 1928. The police discovered bombs in Broz’s apartment—a testimony to his adherence to the new insurrectionary line of the Comintern , the Soviet-sponsored organization of international communism. During his trial, which ended with sentencing to a five-year term, Broz defended himself with exceptional courage and gained further credit with the party authorities. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros.

Folds Its Tent Broz’s prison term coincided with the establishment of the royal Yugoslav dictatorship, which was promulgated by King Alexander I in order to stem the nationalistic movements of disaffected non-Serbs. In an attempt to break the modest influence of the CPY, the government arrested most of the party cadre, sentencing many of its members to terms far harsher than Broz’s. Despite these blows, at the time of Broz’s release in March 1934, the CPY was slowly recuperating under the agile leadership in exile of Milan Gorkić. Gorkić summoned Broz to the CPY’s Vienna headquarters, where he attempted to secure his cooperation by bringing him into the CPY Politburo. It was at this time that Broz assumed the pseudonym Tito, one of many that he used in underground party work. From February 1935 to October 1936, Tito was in the Soviet Union , where he worked in the Comintern apparatus. World Wars By 1937 Tito was increasingly involved in the CPY’s underground work in Yugoslavia, where he established ties with a new generation of militants.

In 1937–38, Joseph Stalin’s purges devastated the CPY leadership, claiming the lives of Gorkić and most of the other topmost veterans. Tito profited from (and probably was an accomplice in) the repression, gaining the Comintern’s mandate to replenish the CPY’s leadership councils with his hand-picked lieutenants—Edvard Kardelj, Alexander Ranković, Milovan Djilas , and Ivo Lola Ribar. He was the Comintern’s choice for the CPY’s new secretary-general, a position he formally assumed in 1939. At the Fifth Land Conference of the CPY, an underground minicongress held in Zagreb in October 1940, Tito sketched the CPY’s leftist strategy, which focused the party on armed insurrection and on a Soviet-style federalist solution to Yugoslavia’s nationality conflict. At that time the CPY had some 7,000 members, not counting the additional 17,200 members of the Young Communist League.

Partisan leader Editor Picks: Exploring 10 Types of Basketball Movies An opportunity for armed insurgency presented itself after the Axis powers , led by Germany and Italy , occupied and partitioned Yugoslavia in April 1941. The CPY remained the only organized political group ready and capable of contending with the occupiers and their collaborators throughout the territory of the defunct Yugoslav state. This meant that the communist-dominated Partisan units were not simply auxiliaries of the Allied war effort but an offensive force in their own right. Their ultimate aim, carefully concealed in the rhetoric of “national liberation struggle,” was the seizure of power. To this end, in Partisan-held territories they established “liberation committees,” communist-dominated administrative organs that prefigured the future federal republics. As a result, Tito’s Partisans became a threat not only to the occupiers and collaborators but also to the royal government-in-exile and its domestic exponents, the Serbian Chetniks of Dragoljub Mihailović . In time, Communist pressure drove the Chetniks into tactical alliances with the Axis, thereby precipitating their isolation and defeat.

In 1943, after Tito’s headquarters survived bruising Axis operations from January to June (particularly in the battles of Neretva and Sutjeska), the Western Allies recognized him as the leader of the Yugoslav resistance and obliged the London government-in-exile to come to terms with him. In June 1944 the royal premier, Ivan Šubašić, met Tito on the island of Vis and agreed to coordinate the activities of the exiled government with Tito. The Soviet army, aided by Tito’s Partisans, liberated Serbia in October 1944, thereby sealing the fate of the Yugoslav dynasty , which had the strongest following in this largest of the Yugoslav lands. There ensued a series of mop-up operations that strengthened Communist control of the whole of Yugoslavia by May 1945. In the process the Yugoslav frontiers extended to take in Istria and portions of the Julian Alps , where reprisals against fleeing Croat and Slovene collaborationists were especially brutal.

The conflict with Stalin Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Pinterest Tito consolidated his power in the summer and fall of 1945 by purging his government of noncommunists and by holding fraudulent elections that legitimated the jettisoning of the monarchy. The Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed under a new constitution in November 1945. Trials of captured collaborationists, Catholic prelates, opposition figures, and even distrusted communists were conducted in order to fashion Yugoslavia in the Soviet mold. Tito’s excesses in imitation eventually became as irritating to Moscow as did his independent manner—especially in foreign policy, where Tito pursued risky aims in Albania and Greece at a time when Stalin advised caution. In the spring of 1948, Stalin initiated a series of moves to purge the Yugoslav leadership. This effort was unsuccessful, as Tito maintained his control over the CPY, the Yugoslav army, and the secret police . Stalin then opted for a public condemnation of Tito and for the expulsion of the CPY from the Cominform , the European organization of mainly ruling communist parties.

In the ensuing war of words, economic boycotts , and occasional armed provocations (during which Stalin briefly considered military intervention), Yugoslavia was cut off from the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites and steadily drew closer to the West. The policy of nonalignment The West smoothed Yugoslavia’s course by offering aid and military assistance. By 1953 military aid had evolved into an informal association with NATO via a tripartite pact with Greece and Turkey that included a provision for mutual defense. After the changes in the Soviet Union following Stalin’s death in 1953, Tito was faced with a choice: either continue the Westward course and give up one-party dictatorship (an idea promoted by Milovan Djilas but rejected by Tito in January 1954) or seek reconciliation with a somewhat reformed new Soviet leadership. The latter course became increasingly possible after a conciliatory state visit by Nikita Khrushchev to Belgrade in May 1955. The Belgrade declaration, adopted at that time, committed Soviet leaders to equality in relations with the communist-ruled countries—at least in the case of Yugoslavia.

However, the limits of reconciliation became obvious after the Soviet intervention in Hungary in 1956; this was followed by a new Soviet campaign against Tito, aimed at blaming the Yugoslavs for inspiring the Hungarian insurgents. Yugoslav-Soviet relations went through similar cool periods in the 1960s (following the invasion of Czechoslovakia) and thereafter. Trending Topics Eyjafjallajökull volcano Nevertheless, Stalin’s departure lessened the pressures for greater integration with the West, and Tito came to conceive of his internal and foreign policy as being equidistant from both blocs. Seeking like-minded statesmen elsewhere, he found them in the leaders of the developing countries. Negotiations with Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Jawaharlal Nehru of India in June 1956 led to a closer cooperation among states that were “nonengaged” in the East-West confrontation. From nonengagement evolved the concept of “active nonalignment ”—that is, the promotion of alternatives to bloc politics, as opposed to mere neutrality. The first meeting of nonaligned states took place in Belgrade under Tito’s sponsorship in 1961.

The movement continued thereafter, but by the end of his life Tito had been eclipsed by new member states, such as Cuba, that conceived of nonalignment as anti-Westernism. Self-management and decentralization The break with the Soviet Union also inspired a search for a new model of socialism in Yugoslavia. In this area Tito, never a theoretician, depended on the ideological formulations of his lieutenants, notably Edvard Kardelj . But he supported the notion of workers’ management of production, embodied in the formation of the first workers’ councils in 1950. In the process, Soviet-style central planning was abandoned and central agencies were trimmed. Workers’ self-management had important consequences for internal relations in multinational Yugoslavia. As power steadily shifted from the federation to the republics, conservative centralist forces fought back, opening cleavages within the communist elite between 1963 and 1972. During this period Tito purged first the Serbian centralists (notably, Alexander Ranković in 1966) and then the leaders of the decentralizing and liberal forces in Croatia (1971) and Serbia (1972).

The Croatian purge had a further effect of destabilizing Tito’s rule in Yugoslavia’s most industrially advanced republic. Retrenchment of the 1970s Tito’s response to the crises of the 1960s and early ’70s was to fashion a system of “symmetrical federalism,” in which various internal rules and rituals (including a rotating presidency to lead Yugoslavia after Tito’s death) were supposed to formalize equality among the six republics and Serbia’s two autonomous provinces (Kosovo and the Vojvodina). This system, enshrined in the constitution of 1974, promoted the weaker and smaller federal units at the expense of the big two—Serbia and Croatia. Serbia’s displeasure at the independent role assigned to its autonomous provinces and the promotion of minority identity (especially that of the Albanians in Kosovo) was felt already in Tito’s last years, but it became radicalized after his death in 1980. Serb resentment provided the opening for Slobodan Milošević and other promoters of recentralization, who contributed greatly to the undoing of Tito’s federal system during the following decade.

Assessment The irony of Tito’s remarkable life is that he created the conditions for the eventual destruction of his lifelong effort. Instead of allowing the process of democratization to establish its own limits, he constantly upset the work of reformers while failing to satisfy their adversaries. He created a federal state, yet he constantly fretted over the pitfalls of decentralization. He knew that the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and others could not be integrated within some new supranation, nor would they willingly accept the hegemony of any of their number; yet his supranational Yugoslavism frequently smacked of unitarism. He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de grâce to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the state treasury was empty and political opportunists unchecked. He died too late for constructive change, too early to prevent chaos .

More about Josip Broz Tito 20 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References Tito - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) (1892-1980). The Yugoslav Partisans, an army of freedom fighters who successfully fought Hitler’s armies in World War II, were led by Tito. After the war he became the leader of the new Yugoslav socialist state. Officially elected president on Jan. 13, 1953, Tito remained the ruler of Yugoslavia until his death, providing his country with more than 30 years of stable leadership. By breaking with the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, he proclaimed the right of each socialist nation to pursue its own course. He also conducted and promoted a policy of not politically committing his country to support either the Soviet Union or the United States. This neutrality policy led to close ties with other neutralist leaders, such as Egypt’s president Gamal Abdel Nasser and India’s prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, and to the founding of a conference of nonaligned countries in 1961 (see International Relations, "The Third World"). With them he denounced colonialism and proclaimed the equality of large and small states.

Article Contributors Why We Go to War - Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito b. May 7, 1892, Kumrovec, near Zagreb, Croatia, Austria-Hungary [now in Croatia] d. May 4, 1980, Ljubljana, Yugos. [now in Slovenia] Shorter biography of Josip Broz Tito original name JOSIP BROZ, Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. He was secretary-general (later president) of the Communist Party (League of Communists) of Yugoslavia (1939-80), supreme commander of the Yugoslav Partisans (1941-45) and the Yugoslav People's Army (1945-80), and marshal (1943-80), premier (1945-53), and president (1953-80) of Yugoslavia. Tito was the chief architect of the "second Yugoslavia," a socialist federation that lasted from World War II until 1991.

He was the first Communist leader in power to defy Soviet hegemony, a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as "national communism"), and a promoter of the policy of nonalignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War. Early life Josip Broz was born to a large peasant family in Kumrovec, northwest of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, of a Croat father and a Slovene mother. He was apprenticed to a locksmith in 1907 and completed his training in 1910, when he joined the Social Democratic Party of Croatia-Slavonia at Zagreb. After working as an itinerant metalworker in various Austro-Hungarian and German centres, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army in 1913, completed noncommissioned-officer training, and was sent as a sergeant in the war against Serbia in 1914. Transferred to the Russian front in early 1915, he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians in April 1915. After a long hospitalization he was sent to prisoner-of-war camps, where he became acquainted with Bolshevik propaganda.

In 1917 he participated in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and, after the October Revolution, joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk, Siberia. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya (now Kyrgyzstan) and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married a Russian woman and joined the South Slav section of the Bolshevik party. In October 1920 he returned to his native Croatia (then part of the newly established Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes) and soon joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY). Communist organizer Broz's career as a communist militant was cut short in December 1920 by a state ban against communist activities. He lost his job in a Zagreb locksmith shop and moved to a nearby village, where he worked as a mill mechanic until 1923. Having revived his links with the underground CPY, he served as a local and regional party functionary and trade union organizer in Croatia and Serbia until 1927, when he joined the CPY committee for Zagreb, quickly becoming its organizational secretary.

He promoted a campaign against party functions (the so-called Zagreb Line), thereby attracting the attention of Moscow. Rewarded by being named the Zagreb committee's political secretary in April 1928, he led street demonstrations against the authorities following the assassination of Croat deputies in the Belgrade parliament in June 1928. His success at reviving the CPY's vitality was cut short by arrest in August 1928. The police discovered bombs in Broz's apartment--a testimony to his adherence to the new insurrectionary line of the Comintern, the Soviet-sponsored organization of international communism. During his trial, which ended with sentencing to a five-year term, Broz defended himself with exceptional courage and gained further credit with the party authorities. (See communism.) Broz's prison term coincided with the establishment of the royal Yugoslav dictatorship, which was promulgated by King Alexander I in order to stem the nationalistic movements of disaffected non-Serbs. In an attempt to break the modest influence of the CPY, the government arrested most of the party cadre, sentencing many of its members to terms far harsher than Broz's.

Despite these blows, at the time of Broz's release in March 1934, the CPY was slowly recuperating under the agile leadership in exile of Milan Gorkic. Gorkic summoned Broz to the CPY's Vienna headquarters, where he attempted to secure his cooperation by bringing him into the CPY Politburo. It was at this time that Broz assumed the pseudonym Tito, one of many that he used in underground party work. From February 1935 to October 1936, Tito was in the Soviet Union, where he worked in the Comintern apparatus. By 1937 Tito was increasingly involved in the CPY's underground work in Yugoslavia, where he established ties with a new generation of militants. In 1937-38, Joseph Stalin's purges devastated the CPY leadership, claiming the lives of Gorkic and most of the other topmost veterans.

Tito profited from (and probably was an accomplice in) the repression, gaining the Comintern's mandate to replenish the CPY's leadership councils with his hand-picked lieutenants--Edvard Kardelj, Alexander Rankovic, Milovan Djilas, and Ivo Lola Ribar. He was the Comintern's choice for the CPY's new secretary-general, a position he formally assumed in 1939. At the Fifth Land Conference of the CPY, an underground minicongress held in Zagreb in October 1940, Tito sketched the CPY's leftist strategy, which focused the party on armed insurrection and on a Soviet-style federalist solution to Yugoslavia's nationality conflict. At that time the CPY had some 7,000 members, not counting the additional 17,200 members of the Young Communist League. Partisan leader An opportunity for armed insurgency presented itself after the Axis powers, led by Germany and Italy, occupied and partitioned Yugoslavia in April 1941. The CPY remained the only organized political group ready and capable of contending with the occupiers and their collaborators throughout the territory of the defunct Yugoslav state.

This meant that the communist-dominated Partisan units were not simply auxiliaries of the Allied war effort but an offensive force in their own right. Their ultimate aim, carefully concealed in the rhetoric of "national liberation struggle," was the seizure of power. To this end, in Partisan-held territories they established "liberation committees," communist-dominated administrative organs that prefigured the future federal republics. As a result, Tito's Partisans became a threat not only to the occupiers and collaborators but also to the royal government-in-exile and its domestic exponents, the Serbian Chetniks of Dragoljub Mihailovic. In time, Communist pressure drove the Chetniks into tactical alliances with the Axis, thereby precipitating their isolation and defeat. In 1943, after Tito's headquarters survived bruising Axis operations from January to June (particularly in the battles of Neretva and Sutjeska), the Western Allies recognized him as the leader of the Yugoslav resistance and obliged the London government-in-exile to come to terms with him.

In June 1944 the royal premier, Ivan Subasic, met Tito on the island of Vis and agreed to coordinate the activities of the exiled government with Tito. The Soviet army, aided by Tito's Partisans, liberated Serbia in October 1944, thereby sealing the fate of the Yugoslav dynasty, which had the strongest following in this largest of the Yugoslav lands. There ensued a series of mop-up operations that strengthened Communist control of the whole of Yugoslavia by May 1945. In the process the Yugoslav frontiers extended to take in Istria and portions of the Julian Alps, where reprisals against fleeing Croat and Slovene collaborationists were especially brutal. The conflict with Stalin Tito consolidated his power in the summer and fall of 1945 by purging his government of noncommunists and by holding fraudulent elections that legitimated the jettisoning of the monarchy. The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed under a new constitution in November 1945. Trials of captured collaborationists, Catholic prelates, opposition figures, and even distrusted communists were conducted in order to fashion Yugoslavia in the Soviet mold.

Tito's excesses in imitation eventually became as irritating to Moscow as did his independent manner--especially in foreign policy, where Tito pursued risky aims in Albania and Greece at a time when Stalin advised caution. In the spring of 1948, Stalin initiated a series of moves to purge the Yugoslav leadership. This effort was unsuccessful, as Tito maintained his control over the CPY, the Yugoslav army, and the secret police. Stalin then opted for a public condemnation of Tito and for the expulsion of the CPY from the Cominform, the European organization of mainly ruling communist parties. In the ensuing war of words, economic boycotts, and occasional armed provocations (during which Stalin briefly considered military intervention), Yugoslavia was cut off from the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites and steadily drew closer to the West. The policy of nonalignment The West smoothed Yugoslavia's course by offering aid and military assistance. By 1953 military aid had evolved into an informal association with NATO via a tripartite pact with Greece and Turkey that included a provision for mutual defense.

After the changes in the Soviet Union following Stalin's death in 1953, Tito was faced with a choice: either continue the Westward course and give up one-party dictatorship (an idea promoted by Milovan Djilas but rejected by Tito in January 1954) or seek reconciliation with a somewhat reformed new Soviet leadership. The latter course became increasingly possible after a conciliatory state visit by Nikita Khrushchev to Belgrade in May 1955. The Belgrade declaration, adopted at that time, committed Soviet leaders to equality in relations with the communist-ruled countries--at least in the case of Yugoslavia. However, the limits of reconciliation became obvious after the Soviet intervention in Hungary in 1956; this was followed by a new Soviet campaign against Tito, aimed at blaming the Yugoslavs for inspiring the Hungarian insurgents. Yugoslav-Soviet relations went through similar cool periods in the 1960s (following the invasion of Czechoslovakia) and thereafter. Nevertheless, Stalin's departure lessened the pressures for greater integration with the West, and Tito came to conceive of his internal and foreign policy as being equidistant from both blocs.

Seeking like-minded statesmen elsewhere, he found them in the leaders of the developing countries. Negotiations with Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Jawaharlal Nehru of India in June 1956 led to a closer cooperation among states that were "nonengaged" in the East-West confrontation. From nonengagement evolved the concept of "active nonalignment"--that is, the promotion of alternatives to bloc politics, as opposed to mere neutrality. The first meeting of nonaligned states took place in Belgrade under Tito's sponsorship in 1961. The movement continued thereafter, but by the end of his life Tito had been eclipsed by new member states, such as Cuba, that conceived of nonalignment as anti-Westernism. (See Nonaligned Movement.) Self-management and decentralization The break with the Soviet Union also inspired a search for a new model of socialism in Yugoslavia. In this area Tito, never a theoretician, depended on the ideological formulations of his lieutenants, notably Edvard Kardelj. But he supported the notion of workers' management of production, embodied in the formation of the first workers' councils in 1950.

In the process, Soviet-style central planning was abandoned and central agencies were trimmed. Workers' self-management had important consequences for internal relations in multinational Yugoslavia. As power steadily shifted from the federation to the republics, conservative centralist forces fought back, opening cleavages within the communist elite between 1963 and 1972. During this period Tito purged first the Serbian centralists (notably, Alexander Rankovic in 1966) and then the leaders of the decentralizing and liberal forces in Croatia (1971) and Serbia (1972). The Croatian purge had a further effect of destabilizing Tito's rule in Yugoslavia's most industrially advanced republic. Retrenchment of the 1970s Tito's response to the crises of the 1960s and early '70s was to fashion a system of "symmetrical deralism," in which various internal rules and rituals (including a rotating presidency to lead Yugoslavia after Tito's death) were supposed to formalize equality among the six republics and Serbia's two autonomous provinces (Kosovo and the Vojvodina).

This system, enshrined in the constitution of 1974, promoted the weaker and smaller federal units at the expense of the big two--Serbia and Croatia. Serbia's displeasure at the independent role assigned to its autonomous provinces and the promotion of minority identity (especially that of the Albanians in Kosovo) was felt already in Tito's last years, but it became radicalized after his death in 1980. Serb resentment provided the opening for Slobodan Milosevic and other promoters of recentralization, who contributed greatly to the undoing of Tito's federal system during the following decade. Assessment The irony of Tito's remarkable life is that he created the conditions for the eventual destruction of his lifelong effort. Instead of allowing the process of democratization to establish its own limits, he constantly upset the work of reformers while failing to satisfy their adversaries. He created a federal state, yet he constantly fretted over the pitfalls of decentralization.

He knew that the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and others could not be integrated within some new supranation, nor would they willingly accept the hegemony of any of their number; yet his supranational Yugoslavism frequently smacked of unitarism. He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party's monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de gr�ce to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the state treasury was empty and political opportunists unchecked. He died too late for constructive change, too early to prevent chaos. (I.B.) Copyright © 1994-1999 Encyclop�dia Britannica, Inc. Tito | Define Tito at Dictionary.com Tito Marshal (Josip Broz) 1891–1980, president of Yugoslavia 1953–80. 2.

Examples from the Web for Tito Expand Contemporary Examples They include Big Dick Richie (Joe Manganiello), Ken (Matt Bomer), Tito (Adam Rodriguez), and Tarzan (Kevin Nash). Historical Examples The country's rulers, however, had no difficulty extricating themselves from this domination once Stalin broke with Tito. Johnny Bear E. T. Seton Bardo paused, but neither Romola nor Tito dared to speak—his voice was too tremulous, the poise of his feelings too doubtful. Johnny Bear E. T. Seton Tito had not only worked at digging all night, she had also trotted over thirty miles, half of it with a heavy baby to carry. Johnny Bear E. T. Seton British Dictionary definitions for Tito Expand noun 1. Marshal. original name Josip Broz. 1892–1980, Yugoslav statesman, who led the communist guerrilla resistance to German occupation during World War II; prime minister of Yugoslavia (1945–53) and president (1953–80) Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd.

1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Josip Broz (1892 - 1980) - Genealogy Josip Broz The Jewish Chronicle Text: "...(Croatian-born Josip Broz), who died on Sunday aged 87 at Ljubljana, personified bitter-sweet. The sweetness came first, for Tito was... Date: Franjo Broz, Marija Broz (z d.

Javorsek) Ex-partner: May 7 1892 - Kumrovec, Croatia Death: May 4 1980 - Ljubljana, Slovenia Parents: May 4 1980 - Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia Parents: Franjo Broz, Marija Broz (born Javersek) Wife: Herta Tito (born Haas) Siblings: Marija Ljubic (born Broz), Josipa Broz, Anka Jana Broz, Dragutin Broz, Jana Or Ana Broz, Martin Broz Australian Newspapers Text: ... saying, "The Soviet people deeply grieve over the death of Josip Broz Tito, the outstanding leader of the communists and all workers ...... Publication: May 6 1980 - Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... Yugoslavia its profound sympathy at the death of the late President Josip Broz Tito and pays tribute to his great ... Bin Hassan, signs ...

Publication: May 7 1980 - Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Page: Franjo Broz, Marija Broz (rojena Javeršek) Wife: Franjo Broz, Marija Broz (rođ: Javeršek) Wife: Pelagija Broz (rođ: Denisovna Belousova) Wife: Franjo Broz, Marija Broz (rojena Javeršek) Siblings: ...Anka Broz, Marija Broz, Jana Broz, Štefan Broz, Matilda Oslaković (rojena Broz), Antonija Broz, Slavko Broz, ____ Broz, ____ Broz, Tereza... Ex-wife: Franjo Broz, Marija Broz (z d. Javorsek) Ex-partner: <Private> Mehoffer (z d. Przecherska) Wife: Jovanka Broz-tito (z d.

Budisavljević) Children: 1st President for life of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, In office 14 January 1953 – 4 May 1980 1st Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement, In office 1 September 1961 – 5 October 1964 22nd Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, In office 29 November 1943 – 29 June 1963 1st Federal Secretary of People's Defence, In office, 7 March 1945 – 14 January 1953 7th Chairman of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, In office November 1936 – 4 May 1980 Born 25 May 1892, Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, Croatia, Died 4 May 1980 (aged 87) Spouse(s) Pelagija Broz (1919–1939), div., Herta Haas (1940–43), Jovanka Broz (1952–1980), partner Davor

ijanka Paunović Children Zlatica Broz, Hinko Broz, Žarko Leon Broz and Aleksandar Broz Occupation Machinist, revolutionary, resistance commander, statesman Religion None (Atheist) (formerly Roman Catholic) Josip Broz Tito ; born Josip Broz; ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman.[4] While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian.

Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, working with Jawaharlal Nehru of India and Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt. Josip was born as the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz in the village of Kumrovec within Austria-Hungary (modern-day Croatia). Drafted into the army, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army. Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains, after being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in a newly created Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.

He was Secretary-General (later President) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Yugoslav Partisans (1941–45).[12] After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1943–63) and later President (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, Josip Broz Tito received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath. Tito was the chief architect of the "second Yugoslavia", a socialist federation that lasted from World War II until 1991. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, he was also the first (and the only successful) Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony.

A backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as "national communism" or "Titoism"), he was one of the main founders and promoters of the Non-Aligned Movement, and its first Secretary-General. He supported the policy of nonalignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War. Such successful diplomatic and economic policies allowed Tito to preside over the Yugoslav economic boom and expansion of the 1960s and '70s.[13][14][15] His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the "brotherhood and unity" of the six Yugoslav nations. After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the Yugoslav republics emerged and in 1991 the country disintegrated and went into a series of civil wars and unrest that lasted the rest of the decade and continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics to this day. He remains a controversial figure in the Balkans. Yugoslavia Communist Independence - . Yugoslavia Communist Independence By;Abigail Hays​ Background At the end of World War II the world was divided.

The communist were trying to expand their way of life throughout the world. Although America stopped them. The had the method of "containing" all communism and encouraging Western Europe to deny them and accept american help. They did this through the Marshall Plan. Although the Americans were pretty successful in containing communism there were still many communist states left. The USSR was trying to get them to join together, but some countries were resisting the alliance wanting to be on their own. This is a picture of Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito Leader of the Communist movement Josip Broz Tito, original name Josip Broz, Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. He was secretary-general (later president) of the Communist Party (League of Communists) of Yugoslavia (1939–80), supreme commander of the Yugoslav Partisans (1941–45) and the Yugoslav People’s Army (1945–80), and marshal (1943–80), premier (1945–53), and president (1953–80) of Yugoslavia.

Tito was the chief architect of the “second Yugoslavia,” a socialist federation that lasted from World War II until 1991. He was the first Communist leader in power to defy Soviet hegemony, a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as “national communism”), and a promoter of the policy of nonalignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War. Analysis: Tito was an effective leader of the Yugoslavs. He wanted them to be free from the Soviets and their communist ways. Because he was a military leader I believe that he thought resistance from the Soviets would be the best way to get rid rid of the Soviets influence. The Resistance to the Soviets Power Yugoslavia wanted an independent life, away from the Soviets and their big communist alliance. Josip Broz Tito's resistance to Stalin and the other communist lead them to split away from the soviets, and Joseph Stalin. In 1948 Stalin actually spelled Yugoslavia from the Soviet bloc. As far as foreign affairs Tito wanted Yugoslavia to be independent from other nations yet still maintain good relations with eastern European communist nations. They also wanted to establish connections with all the nonaligned nations.

Yugoslavs under Tito possessed greater freedom than the inhabitants of any other Eastern European country. Analysis: Although Tito wanted to be independent from the Soviets he still wanted to be able to maintain other good relations with many different countries. The countries that he mainly wanted to have good relations with are the other communist nations that broke are from the Soviets such as Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Albania. He must have wanted to still be able to have communist allies that would help defend them. This is the flag of Yugoslavia This is a map of Yugoslavia during the 1940's Video Click here to watch the introduction to a documentary about Tito and his power of resistance after he second World War. Thinglink This is a Thinglink I made all about Yugoslavia. Bibliography Marshal Tito | Article about Marshal Tito by The Free Dictionary Marshal Tito | Article about Marshal Tito by The Free Dictionary Related to Marshal Tito: Sukarno , Stalin , Enver Hoxha , Slobodan Milosevic Tito Marshal. original name Josip Broz.

1892--1980, Yugoslav statesman, who led the communist guerrilla resistance to German occupation during World War II; prime minister of Yugoslavia (1945--53) and president (1953--80) Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Ivan Subasic References in periodicals archive ? The Bosnian Moslems, for example, had only been set up as a definitive ethnic group by Marshal Tito in 1974. All the Russias: The End of an Empire It was also the birthplace of Marshal Tito, the president of former Yugoslavia. EU WILL LOVE CROATIA; Tom Howell heads to the newest member of the European Union to explore its capital Zagreb and the fascinating Zagorje region It's rubbish", he admitted, but "I could do with a little lightness after Tit [his Marshal Tito in The Battle of Sutjeska] and Trot [The Assassination of Trotsky].

Titoists - definition of Titoists by The Free Dictionary Titoists - definition of Titoists by The Free Dictionary Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia . Related to Titoists: Cominform Ti·to (tē′tō), Marshal Originally Josip Broz (brōz, brôz) 1892-1980. Yugoslavian politician who led the resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II, established independence from the USSR (1948), and as president (1953-1980) pursued a national Communism that stressed neutrality in foreign affairs. Tito (ˈtiːtəʊ) n (Biography) Marshal. original name Josip Broz. 1892–1980, Yugoslav statesman, who led the communist guerrilla resistance to German occupation during World War II; prime minister of Yugoslavia (1945–53) and president (1953–80) Ti•to Marshal (Josip Broz), 1891–1980, president of Yugoslavia 1953–80.

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Tito - Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German occupation during World War II and established a communist state after the war (1892-1980) Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Yugoslavian References in periodicals archive ?

Also included are Richard Wurmbrand, a Jew convened to Christianity who pastored a church in Bucharest, arrested for continuing to spread the gospel; Bela Szasz, a victim of the Hungarian purge against Titoists in 1948; Robert Lob, a young Chinese Communist who escaped the country after a valiant attempt to manage a factory under the new regime; Harold William Rigney, a Catholic priest arrested as an American spy in China in 1951 and systematically tortured; John Martino, an American political prisoner in Cuba; Dean Van Toai, a Saigon government official rounded up and sent to a North Vietnamese prison for 11 years under the guise of reeducation; and Nien Cheng, a casualty of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Tito | Article about Tito by The Free Dictionary Tito | Article about Tito by The Free Dictionary Related to Tito: Marshal Tito Tito Marshal. original name Josip Broz.

1892--1980, Yugoslav statesman, who led the communist guerrilla resistance to German occupation during World War II; prime minister of Yugoslavia (1945--53) and president (1953--80) Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Copyright © 2003-2016 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Tito - definition of Tito by The Free Dictionary Tito - definition of Tito by The Free Dictionary Related to Tito: Marshal Tito Ti·to (tē′tō), Marshal Originally Josip Broz (brōz, brôz) 1892-1980.

Yugoslavian politician who led the resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II, established independence from the USSR (1948), and as president (1953-1980) pursued a national Communism that stressed neutrality in foreign affairs. Tito (ˈtiːtəʊ) n (Biography) Marshal. original name Josip Broz. 1892–1980, Yugoslav statesman, who led the communist guerrilla resistance to German occupation during World War II; prime minister of Yugoslavia (1945–53) and president (1953–80) Ti•to Marshal (Josip Broz), 1891–1980, president of Yugoslavia 1953–80. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Tito - Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German occupation during World War II and established a communist state after the war (1892-1980) Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content .

Link to this page: Crafted in Texas Going through the details of Hussein's case, Tito sheds light on the injustice faced by many youth held behind bars, the oppressive practices of the post-30 June regime, and most importantly, pre-trial detention, a tool he explains is carefully manipulated by authorities to uphold youth repression. Mahmoud Hussein: Youth without youth in Egypt's cells Major organization : AMMINISTRAZIONE COMUNALE DI TITO (PZ) Josip Broz Tito - Wikidata Josip Broz Tito Cite this page This page was last modified on 26 December 2016, at 14:57. All structured data from the main and property namespace is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License ; text in the other namespaces is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Question: Josip Broz was the original name of which Yugoslav statesman?
Answer: Marshall Tito