Photos of Lancaster, Lancashire, England, UK. A brief photographic shimmy around this old northern town (Photos/words © urban75, 1st Sept, 2008) On our way up to the Lake District, we had an hour or so to kill between trains in Lancaster, so we took a quick spin around the small city. The traditional county town of Lancashire, Lancaster stands on the River Lune with a population of around 46,000 souls. Steeped in history, the town is dominated by Lancaster Castle, partly built in the 13th century and standing on the site of a Roman garrison. The city's name first appears in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Loncastre, and is derived from the Old English for, 'Roman fort on the River Lune.' After the infamous Pendle witch trials of 1612, so many people were sentenced to die from the court based in the castle (the Lancaster Assizes) that Lancaster earned itself the nickname of 'the Hanging Town'. Many buildings in the city centre and along St.

George's Quay date from the 1800s and were built during a brief heyday when the port became one of the busiest in the UK. Shamefully, it was also the fourth most important port in the UK for the slave trade at the time. Although Lancaster gained its first charter in 1193 as a market town and borough, it had had to wait until 1937 to be granted city status. Bashful Alley, a curiously named street name in central Lancaster. Ye Olde John O Gaunt, a fune old jazz/live music boozer at 3 Market St, Lancaster. Market in Lancaster. Bloke on phone selling bubble blowing guns. The Penny Bank in Penny Street, another pub offering real ales and live bands. Lancaster Town Hall stands in Dalton Square and was officially opened on the 27th December 1909 by Lord Ashton. Deep-pocketed Ashton shelled out £155,00 to pay for the new Town Hall and the statue of Queen Victoria opposite. Statue of Queen Victoria in Dalton Square . Another view of the Town Hall. A view along Penny Street. The exterior of Cunningham Jewellers, est. 1885.

Cobbled street. Old Co-op building in Church Street. Building detail, showing carving of beehive. The Judges Lodgings at the top of Upper Church Street. Now open to the public as a museum, the house was once the residence of Thomas Covell who was involved in trying the 'Pendle Witches.' Close up of the building with the Covell Cross is in the foreground. A texter drifts past the old YMCA building, erected in 1908. Some views of old Lancaster, from near the castle. Looking south-east over the city from the castle. Workmen attending to the brickwork of Lancaster Castle. Waiting at Lancaster Station for our train to Grange Over Sands .

Old Cumbria Gazetteer, Lune, River Old Cumbria Gazetteer Ravenstonedale parish , once in Westmorland parish Orton S parish , once in Westmorland parish Tebay parish , once in Westmorland parish Grayrigg parish , once in Westmorland parish Sedbergh parish , once in Yorkshire parish Firbank parish , once in Westmorland parish Killington parish , once in Westmorland parish Middleton parish , once in Westmorland parish Mansergh parish , once in Westmorland parish Barbon parish , once in Westmorland parish Casterton parish , once in Westmorland parish Kirkby Lonsdale parish , once in Westmorland county:- Lune, River -- Ravenstonedale and Orton S etc -- Cumbria -- Lancashire / -- At Lincoln's Inn Bridge:- -- SD632923 (at) -- 13.1.2012 Lune, River -- Ravenstonedale and Orton S etc -- Cumbria -- Lancashire / -- At Salterwath Bridge, Tebay.

-- NY61160086 (at) -- 18.4.2007 old map:- LMS 1920s maps Railway map, lithograph, 23 pages of strip maps, The Journey in Brief, the Route London to Carlisle, and a general map, Diagram of the Route London to Glasgow and Edinburgh, published by the London Midland and Scottish Railway, LMS, 1920s. The Gorge of the Upper Lune. One of the best pieces of scenery between London and Edinburgh. date:- old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H Map of the English Lakes, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s. R. Lune 19th century, late; 1850s; 1860s old map:- Ford 1839 map Map of the Lake District, published in A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, 1839. Lune R.

descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (8th edn 1849) Guidebook, Concise Description of the English Lakes, later A Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirky Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823 onwards. Page 180:- ... [at Devil's Bridge, Kirkby Lonsdale] In heavy floods, the river rises a height of 15 feet or more. In ordinary seasons the battlements are about 52 feet above the level of the water. The views of the river from the centre are singularly beautiful; it here flows through a rocky channel, narrow, but of a profound depth; and the banks on either side are adorned with fine trees. ...

date:- descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) Guidebook, Concise Description of the English Lakes, later A Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirky Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823 onwards. goto source. Page 41:- [... the Lune - which at] Kirkby Lonsdale is a fine river, and crossed by a lofty antique bridge; it is navigable at Lancaster, a little below which place it falls into the sea. ... goto source. Page 158:- ... Towards the south-east succeeds [from the 3rd division of rocks] a series of rocks of the same dark-blue colour, and principally of a slaty structure: but accompanied in places with a rock, which breaks alike in all directions. This last has supplied a great portion of the rounded goto source. Page 159:- stones found in the beds of the rivers Kent and Lune; thus furnishing materials for paving the streets, and repairing the roads in the vicinity. Page 160:- ...

A conglomerate, composed of rounded stones of various sizes, from the smallest gravel, to the weight of several pounds, held together by a ferruginous, calcareous cement, ... goto source. Page 161:- A large mass of similar composition appears in the bed and on the banks of the river Lune at Kirkby Lonsdale. Its dip indicates that it should pass under the limestone which appears at a little distance; but, in that case, how it came to contains nodules of limestone I am at a loss to understand. ... wherever the subjacent rock can be seen, it is always deeply coloured by the iron of the conglomerate. date:- old text:- Camden 1789 Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. Page 131:- ... ...

This river Lone or Lune rising in Westmoreland hills runs southward between craggy banks and an unequal channel, inriching those who live on it in the summer months with a fine salmon fishery; which fish delighting in clear streams and sandy flats come in shoals to this and other rivers on this coast. As soon as it visits Lancashire the little river Lac unites its waters with it from the east, where now is Over Burrow, a mean country village, ... From this Burgh the river Lone passes by Thurland, a castle of the Tunstalls, ... The Lone proceeding a few miles further, sees on its south bank the chief town of the county, called more properly by the natives Loncaster, as also by the Scots, who gave it the name of Loncastell from the river Lone. Both the name and the river running by it prove it to be LONGOVICUM, ... While I was looking round from this hill [in Lancaster] for the mouth of the Lone which empties itself not much below, Forness, the other part of this county, almost torn off by the sea, presented itself to my view. ...

placename:- descriptive text:- West 1778 (11th edn 1821) Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821. goto source. Page 6:- ... [station, Hornby Road] is on the south side of the great, or Queen's road, a little higher than where Mr. Gray stood; for there the vale is in full display, including a long reach of the river and the wheel of Lune, forming a high crowned isthmus, fringed with tall trees, that in time past was the solitary site of a hermit [1]. ... [1] Hugh, to whom William de Lancastre, sixth baron of Kendal, gave a certain place called Askeleros and Croc, to look to his fishing in the river Loyn [or Lune.] - Burn's Westmorland, p.31 ... goto source. Page 14:- ...

The station [roman fort, Lancaster] was called Longovicum, and in process of time the inhabitants were called Longovices, i.e. a people living upon the Lon or Lune. ... goto source. Page 25:- '... [Mr. Gray's view from his station, Hornby Road] on each hand of the middle distance rise two sloping hills, the left clothed with thick wood, the right with variegated rock goto source. Page 26:- and herbage. Between them, is the richest of valleys, the Lune serpentizes for many a mile, and comes forth ample and clear thro' a well wooded and richly pastured foreground. ...' Addendum; Mr Gray's Journal, 1769 Page 217:- ... Here [Lancaster] is a good bridge of four arches over the Lune, that runs, when the tide is out, in two steams, divided by a bed of gravel, which is not covered but in spring tides; below the town it widens to near the breadth of the Thames at London, and meets the sea at five or six miles distance to south-west. Page 218:- ... Oct. 12.

I set out for Settle by a fine turnpike-road, ... on the left the river Lune winding in a deep valley, its hanging banks clothed with fine woods, through which you catch long reaches of the water as the road winds about at a considerable height above it. ... In the most picturesque part of the way, I passed the part belonging to the Hon. Mr. Clifford, a catholic. The grounds between him and the river, are indeed charming [1]; ... [1] This scene opens just three miles from Lancaster, on what is called the Queen's road. ... in the richest of valleys, the Lune serpentizes for many a mile, and comes forth ample and clear, through a well wooded and richly pastured fore-ground. ... Tour to the Caves in the West Riding of Yorkshire, late 18th century Page 240:- ... ... [at] Underley. The prospect was of the most amusing kind.

At the foot of the steep bank on which we walked, being about forty or fifty yards perpendicular, glided the large pellucid river Lune, amongst the rocks and pebbles, which amused the ear, whilst the eye was entertained itself with a vast variety of agreeable objects. A transparent sheet of still water, about half a mile in length, lay stretched out before us; at the high end of it was a grotesque range of impending rocks of red stone, about thirty yards in perpendicular height, which had an excellent effect in the scene, both by their colour and situation. We were told, goto source. Page 241:- that in winter the precipice was in some parts so glazed over with ice, from the water trickling down the surface, as to make it appear like a sheet of alabaster. From other parts of the impending rocks hung great and enormous icicles, which made it appear like a huge organ. ... After breakfast, we walked by the side of the river to the bridge. The channel is deep, the stream rapid, among rocks, the banks on each side covered with trees of various foliage, which serve both as a defence and ornament.

The bridge is the most lofty, strong, ancient, and striking to the eye of a stranger, of any I have yet seen. ... Page 242:- ... From the top of the bridge the prospect down the river is delightful: the sides of the deep channel covered with trees, are nearly parallel for half a mile, and the water one continued surface, save here and there where a pointed rock lift up its head above the stream. We walked down by the side of the river about a mile, and as we proceeded were continually presented with new prospects; while the soft murmurs of the river afforded a variety of different notes. ... goto source. Page 244:- If the traveller is distressed for time, and has no inclination to take a second view of the river Lune and its environs, he may order his horse to be sent to Cowan-bridge, and walk through the park of Borough-hall, where he may be entertained with a variety of other prospects. other name:- descriptive text:- Simpson 1746 The three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.

Page 1020:- ... ... The greatest River in the South Parts [of Westmoreland], is the Lone or Lune, which rising near Mallerstrand Forest, not far from Rissendale, gives Name to the Track called Lonsdale, i.e. a vale upon the Lone. After receiving some Rivulets, and the two Rivers Birkbeck and Burrow, near Orton. it grows a large Stream, and waters the middle Part of the County, and near half the Borders towards Yorkshire, and then passes into Lancashire. ... Lancashire | County-Wise County-Wise Be County-Wise and get to know the Historic Counties! Search for: Lancashire Lancashire is a large and heavily populated county, in population second only to Middlesex. Lancashire runs up the English west coast from the Mersey north to Morecambe Bay with a further part north of the sands at Furness. Lancashire was at the heart of the Industrial Revolution, its cotton mills supplying the Empire and the World. Although competition and changed technology have swept many of the great mills away nevertheless Lancashire is still home to industrial might, and the great towns and cities which grew up in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries still thrive.

Away from the industrial and urban areas, Lancashire contains scenery of much beauty and jarring contrasts. The Furness district in the north sits on the sea at Barrow in Furness, a shipyard and industrial town. Behind Barrow though is a land of lakeland fells, forested and mountainous, forming part of the Lake District. Coniston Water, and most of Windermere lie in this part of Lancashire. In the northern part of Lancashire’s main body lies Lancaster itself, a modest county town tumbling charmingly down its hill from the Castle to the River Lune. Here the county is fairly narrow, the Pennine Mountains approaching the sea, and the Yorkshire border with them. Between Morecambe Bay and the Ribble Valley, Fylde reaches westward, a broad, flat peninsula whose inland parts are farmland but whose coast is a string of holiday resorts centred on the best known of them all; Blackpool. Lancashire broadens further south. The coast from the Ribble towards the conurbations of the south has more modest coastal resorts. Inland farmland begins to jostle with industrial towns, the latter becoming bigger and closer together until the great industrial conurbations of south Lancashire.

In the southernmost part of the county are Liverpool and Manchester, two of the greatest cities in Britain, whose suburbs spread across not just Lancashire but into Cheshire too. Liverpool, founded in 1207, was built around its vast docks from the Irish trade then the Atlantic and African trade routes. King John founded his new port at a marsh on the Mersey, at the point where the great gulf of the Mersey narrows again into a pinch before entering the Irish Sea. Now though great buildings stand on the waterside, the “three graces”, and the city has spread all along the Mersey gulf and up the Irish Sea coast. Manchester is an older and a younger city; it was a town in Roman days and a fortress borough in Saxon times, but it only became a town of national and indeed world significance in the Victorian period, as the heart of the manufacturing revolution. An inland city, its civic arms show a ship and the crest shows the world covered in bees; Manchester’s industry reaching the world. The Manchester Ship Canal does indeed link Manchester to the oceans, by way of the Mersey.

County Facts County Town: Lancaster Main Towns: Barrow-in-Furness, Blackburn, Blackpool, Bolton, Bury, Liverpool, Manchester, Lancaster, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale, Salford, Southport, St Helens, Todmorden (part), Ulverston, Warrington, Widnes. Main Rivers: Mersey, Ribble, Lune, Calder, Hodder, Wyre. Highlights: Liverpool Anglican Cathedral; Manchester Town Hall; Pendle Hill; Ashton Memorial, Lancaster; Old Man of Coniston; Blackpool Pleasure Beach; Martin Mere nature reserve. Highest Point: The Old Man of Coniston, 2633 feet. Area: 1,880 sq miles The River Lune Links The River Lune The River Lune derives its name from the Old English word Lon which has its origins in an Irish Celtic word meaning health giving. The source of the river lies at the northern brow of Ravenstonedale Common on the edge of the Pennine Hills, the principal streams that form the river flow west to coverge at the pleasant Cumbrian hamlet of Newbiggin on Lune.

A few miles from its source, at Tebay, the fledgling river enters a rocky gorge, where the remains of a Roman fort can be seen at Low Borrowbridge. Both the M6 motorway and the West Coast Main Railway Line also run through the gorge. Below the pleasant East Cumbrian town of Sedbergh the Lune Valley widens, giving way to rich verdant pastures, before entering the characterful and historic town of Kirkby Lonsdale on the fringes of the Lake District National Park and the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Devil's Bridge, which spans the river at the town is a graceful three arched stone structure. Of obvious antiquity, the exact date of the bridge's construction is unknown, although it is known to have existed as early as the thirteenth century. Some excellent highly scenic riverside walks commence from the parking and picnic area by Devil's Bridge. At weekends, Devils bridge is a popular venue for motorbike enthusiasts. Devil's Bridge at Kirkby Lonsdale and the view from the bridge Ruskin's View Ruskin's View , over a particularly stunning stretch of the river, can be viewed from just through the churchyard of the Norman church of St.

Mary's at Kirkby Lonsdale and is breathtakingly beautiful. The artist, poet and conservationalist, John Ruskin visited the spot after viewing Turner's now famous painting of it, and was enchanted, appreciatively stating that it was "one of the loveliest scenes in England - therefore in the world". Ruskin's View. Click to enlarge After leaving Kirkby Lonsdale the river meanders south into Lunesdale, which has a number of pretty villages. Charlotte Bronte's depiction of Brocklebridge church in the novel 'Jane Eyre' is based upon the church of Tunstall, in one of these villages. Along with her sisters, Elizabeth, Emily and Maria, she attended the boarding school at nearby Cowan Bridge. Roman altar stones were discovered in the churchyards at Tunstall and Halton.The stone cross at Halton contains Viking emblems. The Crook o' Lune The Crook o' Lune, situated over the border into Lancashire, is a stunning and much visited beauty spot. The river sweeps into a wooded ravine, forming a spectacular loop.

Immortalised by Turner, the Crook o' Lune was also visited by the poet Thomas Grey in 1769, who recorded of it:- "Every feature which constitutes a perfect landmark of the extensive sort is here not only boldly marked but also in the best position." There is a Picnic Site and car park near Caton, just past the Penny Bridge. A network of well marked footpaths for walkers emanate from the site. Light refreshments are sometimes available at the car park. From here the Lune enters the the historic town of Lancaster, where it meets the Irish Sea at Plover Scar. Lancaster - definition of Lancaster by The Free Dictionary Lancaster - definition of Lancaster by The Free Dictionary Lan·cas·ter 1 (lăng′kə-stər, lăn′-) English royal house that from 1399 to 1461 produced three kings of England—Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. During the Wars of the Roses its symbol was a red rose. Lan·cas′tri·an (lăng-kăs′trē-ən) adj. & n.

Lan·cas·ter 2 (lăng′kə-stər, -kăs′tər, lăn′-) 1. A city of northwest England north of Liverpool. Chartered in 1193, it was built on the site of a Roman frontier station. 2. A city of southeast Pennsylvania west of Philadelphia. A trade center in a rich farming region, it was settled by German Mennonites c. 1709 and was the meeting place of the Continental Congress in 1777. Lancaster (ˈlæŋkəstə) n (Placename) a city in NW England, former county town of Lancashire, on the River Lune: castle (built on the site of a Roman camp); university (1964).

Pop: 45 952 (2001) Lancaster royal family , royal house , royal line , royalty - royal persons collectively; "the wedding was attended by royalty" Lancastrian - a member (or supporter) of the house of Lancaster Bolingbroke , Henry Bolingbroke , Henry IV - the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413; deposed Richard II and suppressed rebellions (1367-1413) Henry V - son of Henry IV and King of England from 1413 to 1422; reopened the Hundred Years' War and defeated the French at Agincourt (1387-1422) Henry VI - son of Henry V who as an infant succeeded his father and was King of England from 1422 to 1461; he was taken prisoner in 1460 and Edward IV was proclaimed king; he was rescued and regained the throne in 1470 but was recaptured and murdered in the Tower of London (1421-1471) Translations Old Cumbria Gazetteer, Lancaster, Lancashire Old C

umbria Gazetteer source:- Burrow 1920s Road strip maps with parts in Westmorland, Cumberland etc, now Cumbria, irregular scale about 1.5 miles to 1 inch, by E J Burrow and Co, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s.

... At Lancaster we are at the mouth of the Lune, which must be crossed by Skerton Bridge on leaving the town date:- old map:- Ford 1839 map Map of the Lake District, published in A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, 1839. LANCASTER descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843) Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, et al, 1839; published 1839-52. ... THE order in which the Lakes should be visited, if seen in any prescribed order at all, can be pointed out much more easily than satisfactorily. Lancaster and Kendal in the south, Carlisle and Penrith in the north, formerly offered the readiest facilities of access to this Northern Elysium; but since the improvement of steam navigation, Whitehaven and other ports have become equally suitable as starting places.

One advantage, however, remains in favour of the old routes, that the direct lines are better, especially for carriages, although to the pedestrian this will not be a matter of any great importance. Since the greatest influx of tourists is from the south of England, and the Lancashire Lakes are best approached from that quarter, it may not be Page 2:- improper to commence our description, by entering into the district from Lancaster. LANCASTER Will, without doubt, excite the curiosity and admiration of the tourist. The massive towers of the castle proudly overlooking the town - the church - the sessions-hall - and noble bridge crossing the Lune - will by turns engage the attention; and the beautiful prospects which embrace the town, the river, and the sea, will give him a rich foretaste of the enjoyment awaiting him amid the blue highlands which close in the distance. Page 151:- ... LANCASTER is an ancient town, and the capital of the county-palatine of Lancaster, beautifully situated on a hill above the river Lune, which falls into Morecambe Bay, at the distance of seven miles. On the summit of the hill is the Castle, ...

The principal public buildings, in and near the town, are the Town-hall, in the market-place, the Custom-house, the Assembly-room, the Theatre, and the county Lunatic Asylum, which is capable of accommodating 300 patients, is perfectly secure, and conducted on an excellent plan. Page 152:- The trade of Lancaster is very considerable, not only at Glasson Dock, where the larger ships generally unload but also at the Canal, which is one of very great extent, and connected with many of the principal towns in the manufacturing districts. Fairs for the sale of cheese are held here twice a-year, at which immense quantities are sold. Lancaster is incorporated under a mayor, aldermen, &c., and sends two members to Parliament. Population, 12,613; market-days, Wednesday and Saturday; inns, King's Arms and Royal Oak.

placename:- descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (8th edn 1849) Guidebook, Concise Description of the English Lakes, later A Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirky Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823 onwards. goto source. Page 169:- LANCASTER.- Dr. Whittaker, the eminent topographer and antiquarian, pronounces Lancaster to be 'a highly favoured place, distinguished by the beauty of its situation, the magnificence of its Castle, and its rank as the capital of one of the most populous counties in the kingdom.' The complaisance of antiquarians, led by their father, Camden, has generally induced them to consider this place as the Longovicus of the Notitiae; but goto source. Page 170:- Whittaker conceives it to have been the Setantiorum Portus of Ptolemy. 'At this time,' he says.

'an attentive eye will scarcely discover, in the oldest remaining buildings, any vestiges of architecture prior to the time of Charles II.' other name:- STATION IV.- CONISTON OLD MAN. Latitude 54° 22′ 20″ N. Longitude 3° 6′ 34″ W. Height 2577 feet. Page 92:- LANCASTER Is a well-built town, containing 12,613 inhabitants. It is a sea-port upon the Lune, over which there is a handsome bridge; and about a mile further up a grand aqueduct, by which the Canal is conducted across the river. The Castle, including the county jail and spacious halls for the administration of justice, occupies a commanding situation. ... An ancient Church with a lofty tower stands upon the same eminence. The King's Arms, Royal Oak, and Commercial, are the principal inns. A quick sailing Packet Boat, for the conveyance of passengers, has lately been established, every day, between Preston and Kendal, through Lancaster.

date:- old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. Page 140:- "... Lancaster (set on the south side of Lune) corruptly spoken for Lunecastre, 8 miles of, wither it ebbith and flowith. The ruines of old walls about the bridge were only of the suppressid priory. The castle on a hill strongly buildid and well repaired. The new town as they there say buildid hard by yn the descent from the castle, having one parish church, where sometime the priory of monks aliens was put down by king Henry V. and given to Syon abbey. The old wall of the circuit of the priory cometh almost to Lune bridge. Some have therby supposed that it was a piece of wall of the town. But indeed I espied in no place that the town was ever walled.

The old town as they say there was almost all burned, and stood partly beyond the black friars. In those parts in the fields and foundations hath ben found Page 141:- "much Roman coin. The soile about Lancaster is veri famous, plentiful of wood, pasture, meadow, and corn." The town hall is now rebuilding. ... Dr. Leigh (III. 10.) mentions coins and fragments of earthen vessels, with inscriptions Julius Flavius and Regina I. and bones of animals found in a cellar there. In digging a cellar here 1772, was found the following inscription, now in the collection of sir Ashton Lever, bart. The stone is four feet on the longest, two feet 10 inches on the shortest side, and two feet six inches wide: On sinking the cellars for a large house at the upper part of Church street in this town built 1776 by the rev.

Daniel Wilson, on the site of which stood some very old houses formerly used as the judge's lodgings, was discovered, at about six feet below the present surface of the street, supposed a Roman burying-place, as burnt wood, bones and ashes, broken paterae, urns, Roman brick, gutter tiles, coins, horns of animals, &c. were found; also, two fragments of thick wall, at about five yards distant from each other, in a direction from front to back, and seeming continued under Church-street, betwixt which were several large stones, some of them hewn. By this it may be conjectured to have been a vault to deposit the ashes of the dead, and to have fallen in, or been pulled down, as there were found, within the walls, several pieces of urns, an earthen sepulchral lamp entire (the end of the spout where the wick came out was burnt black), broken paterae, burnt bones, ashes, a large human skull, Roman coins, &c. also, at the north-end a well, filled with hewn stones, but not meddled with.

There is a descent of about seventy or eighty yards from the back part of the house, to where is thought the river Lon anciently run, but now built upon. The ground on the said back part was levelled a great many yards, equal with the cellar floor; where also were found, from three to six feet deep according to the descent, burnt wood, bones, ashes, broken paterae, urns, other pieces of vessels of different shapes, Roman coins, boars' tusks, nails almost eaten with rust, pieces of lead, brass, &c. The stratum of ashes and bones was from a foot to about five feet thick. It no doubt runs quite under Church street, if not farther, as in digging a drain on the opposite side of Church street, and to the westward of Mr.

Wilson's house, at about six feet under the surface, was found the same sort of stratum of ashes, bones, paterae, boars tusks, a small brazen head like a dog's, which by the appearance of the back part of it had been fixed to something; the pedestal and feet part of a small image, which seemed to be made of plaister of Paris or some such matter, and was thought to have been a [ ]lar, with an inscription; pieces of glass of a blueish-green colour, &c. One bottom of a patera had stamped on it CADGATEMA, perhaps the maker's name. These vessels are of a fine brown colour, far superior to the Staffordshire brown ware, elegantly varnished or glazed, some plain, others finely embossed with different sorts of figures, animals, and birds. The urns are of a coarse kind, much like the oil jars; and some of a black colour as if burnt in the fire, some small and some very large; but none entire, being broken into several pieces. Some have large handles. Nothing Roman was found above the burnt strata of ashes, bones, &c.

which it may be conjectured was the then surface of the ground; and where the funeral rites were performed the burnt bones and ashes of the persons might be buried under this strata, as they were found in that situation with the pieces of urns. The inscriptions on the coins were none of them perfect, except one of brass, of Marcus Aurelius; and another small one of silver, a fine impression, and in high preservation,of Faustina his wife: on the head side, DIVA FAUSTINA PIA; reverse, a monument, with CONSECRATIO. The burying place is a little to the eastward, and without the wall of the Roman fortification where the garrison was kept, as there now remain several vestiges of the wall, sufficient to evince that it has taken up great part of the hill where the church and castle stands, and part of the upper end of Church-street. About 100 yards to the eastward of Mr.

Wilson's new house, on the opposite side of Church-street, on digging a new cellar a few years ago for Mr, Henry Baynes's new house, were found several large hewn stones, and one about six feet under the surface, supposed to be about three ton weight, of which several cellar steps were made; and about a ton weight still remains in its place, under which were found a great many Roman coins of Domitian, Vespasian, &c. It is thought to have been the corner stone of a temple or other public building. There were found in Mr. Wilson's cellar, as also in the drain in Church-street, several stones, thought to have been pieces of small hand mill-stones, of about 13 inches diameter when whole, of a blueish-grey colour, and exceeding hard: they are about three inches thick at the outer edges, and not an inch in the middle. Here was a Benedictine priory, founded by Roger earl of Poictiers 1094, valued at £.80. given by Henry V. to Syon. An hospital founded by king John while earl of Moriton and by Henry duke of Lancaster t. Edward III.

annexed to Seton priory, Cumberland. A house of Dominican or Black friars, founded by sir Hugh Harrington t. Henry III. What Mr. Camden takes for Roman wall called the Wery wall, is by Leland supposed part of the priory, but Mr. West contends for it being Roman. ... The assizes for this county palatine are held in the castle which is entire and is the county gaol. The church stands near it on an eminence. Lancaster is a corporation and borough, and has a market and fair. The town is large and well-built though not regular: it has been much improved by widening and new building several streets, particularly a void place called the Green Air adjoining to the town is now covered with handsome houses, Page 142:- and a new bridge built by act of parliament over the river Lune or Lon. It has a considerable trade particularly to the West-Indies, and a fine quay on the river Lune: the river navigable to the bridge for ships of 250 tons. The custom-house is a handsome building.

date:- old text:- Camden 1789 Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. Page 131:- ... The Lone proceeding a few miles further, sees on its south bank the chief town of the county, called more properly by the natives Loncaster, as also by the Scots, who gave it the name of Loncastell from the river Lone. Both the name and the river running by it prove it to be LONGOVICUM, where under the Dux Britaniarum, according to the Notitia, was stationed the Numerus Longovicariorum, who took their name from the place. Though it be at present but thinly peopled, and all the inhabitants farmers (the country about it being cultivated, open, flourishing and not bare of wood,) in proof of its Roman antiquity they sometimes find coins of emperors, especially at the friery.

For that is said to be the site of the antient city, which the Scots burnt, after laying waste all before them in a sudden inroad A.D. 1322. From that time they began to build nearer the green hill on the river, on which stands a castle of no great size or antiquity, but handsome and strong: and by it on the same hill is the only church where formerly some alien monks had a house. Below this at the beautiful bridge over the Lone on the steep of the hill hangs a piece of very old wall of Roman work, called the Wery wall, from the later British name of this town as it should seem. For the Britans called this town Caer Werid or the Green City, perhaps from that green hill; but this I leave to others. John lord of Moriton and Lancaster, afterwards king of England, "confirmed to his burgesses of Lancaster by charter all the liberties that he had granted to the burgesses of Bristol;" and Edward III. a.r. 36, "granted to the mayor and baillifs of the town of Lancaster that the pleas and sessions should be holden no where else." Lancaster stands in N.

latitude 54&#00B0; 5′ and in W longitude 20° 48′. placename:- THE castle here is the first object that attracts the attention of the curious traveller. ... [1] (Longovicum, Notit, Imper.) goto source. Page 14:- The town that Agricola found here, belonged to the western Brigantes, and in their language was called Caer Werid, i.e. the Green Town. The name is still retained in that part of the town called Green Aer, for Green Caer; the British construction being changed, and Werid translated into English. ... goto source. Page 19:- The Caledonians, the unconquered enemies and greatest plague of the Romans in Britain, were particularly galled and offended with the garrison at Lancaster, it being always the first to oppose them, as often as they invaded the empire, by crossing the Solway firth. ... and skulking along the Cumberland coast, they crossed the Morecambe-bay, and were first discovered on the banks of the Lune.

Here they were opposed by the townsmen, who kept the garrison; and if they did not return by the way they came, the alarm brought upon them the garrisons of Overborough, Watercrook, and Ambleside, which surrounded and cut them off. Hence arose a particular hatred to the Lancastrians, which time and repeated injuries fomented into rage. In the end, the barbarous clans, following close upon the heels of the flying Romans, in a particular manner satiated their desire of revenge upon the helpless Lancastrians, by sacking and destroying their town and fortifications, in order that they might at no future time oppose their invasions. The goto source. Page 20:- Saxons arriving soon after, raised on these ruins the town that remains to this day. Hence it may be inferred, that the present town of Lancaster stands on a magazine of Roman-British antiquities; and this is often verified by digging under ancient houses, where Roman remains are frequently found, and where it appears that the earth has been removed.- Beside what Dr. Leigh mentions, there are many recent instances that prove the conjecture.

In the year 1772, in digging a cellar, where an old house had stood, in a street or lane, called Pudding-Lane (almost in the centre of the town) there was found [a roman altar], Page 21:- ... A few years ago, in sinking a cellar in an old house in Church-street, great quantities of fragments of Roman earthenware were thrown out, urns, paterae, &c. many of them finely glazed, and elegantly marked with emblematic figures. Also some copper coins were found, ... Page 22:- ... This town, ever since the conquest, has been renowned for loyalty and attachment to the established government; for which King John honoured it with as ample a charter as he had conferred on the burgess of Bristol and Northampton. Charles II. confirmed it with additional privileges. But Lancaster derived its greatest lustre and importance goto source. Page 23:- from the title it gave to Edmund, second son of Henry III, and to his issue, Dukes of Lancaster, and Kings of England, of the Lancastrian line.

In the end, however, it suffered much by supporting their title to the crown in the contest with the house of York. And so little had it retrieved itself when Camden visited it in 1609, that he speaks of it as not populous, and that the inhabitants were all husbandmen. Since that time it is, however, much enlarged [1]. The new houses are particularly neat and handsome; the streets are well paved, and thronged with inhabitants, busied in prosperous trade to the West Indies, and other places. Along a fine quay, noble warehouses are built. And when it shall please those concerned to deepen the shoals in the river, ships of great burthen may lie before them; for at present we only see, in that part of the river, such as do not exceed 250 tons. The air of Lancaster is salubrious, the environs pleasant, the inhabitants wealthy, [1] The town has continued to increase. It has also been lately ornamented with a new town-hall, or exchange, esteemed a handsome building, with a noble portico. An elegant steeple has been also lately built to to (sic) the chapel (after the design of Mr.

Harrison) by a donation of the late Mr. T. Bowes, which, with the turret on the exchange, add much to the pleasing or rather striking appearance this town has at a distance, on account of the castle, church, and the conspicuous situation of several good stone houses. Page 24:- courteous, hospitable, and polite. ... There are also in this town, presbiterian, quaker, and methodist meeting houses, and a Romish chapel. Addendum; Mr Gray's Journal, 1769 Page 216:- [from the Burton road] ... Lancaster also appeared very conspicuous and fine; for its most distinguished features, the castle and church, mounted on a green eminence, were all that could be seen. Woe is me! when I got thither, it was the second day of the fair, the inn, in the principal street, was a great old gloomy house, full of people; but I found tolerable quarters, and even slept two nights in peace. In a fine afternoon I ascended the castle-hill; ... [viewed] the castle. Near it, and but a little lower, stands the church, ...

From the church-yard there is an extensive sea-view, (for now the tide had almost covered the sands, and filled the river) and besides the greatest part of Furness, I could distinguish Peel- goto source. Page 217:- [Peel-]castle on the isle of Foudry, which lies off its southern extremity. The town is built on the slope, and at the foot of the castle-hill, more than twice the bigness of Aukland, with many new buildings of neat white stone, but a little disorderly in their position, and 'ad libitum', like Kendal; many also extend below on the quays, by the river side, where a number of ships were moored, some of them three-masted vessels, decked out with their colours in honour of the fair. Here is a good bridge of four arches over the Lune, that runs, when the tide is out, in two steams, divided by a bed of gravel, which is not covered but in spring tides; below the town it widens to near the breadth of the Thames at London, and meets the sea at five or six miles distance to south-west.

placename:- 18th century, late; 1760s; 1770s descriptive text:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760 (Lan) New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin, published by T Bowles, John Bowles and Son, Robert Sayer, and John Tinney, 1760; published 1760-87. The Bowen and Kitchin map of Lancashire has descriptive text:- LANCASTER or Loncaster from the River Lone over which it has a fair Stone Bridge of 5 Arches. The present Name seems to point at the Old Longovicum, where a Company of the Longovii dwelt, and Coins have been dug up in the place where the Friery stood, where it is said the old Town was when destroyed by the Scots in 1322.

The present Town was built near a green Hill and is now pretty large, containing several Streets & well built Houses, yet has but a Parish Church which is a large & handsome Structure on the side of a high Hill on the Top of which stands the Castle, now made use of for the County Prison, & where the Assizes are kept. 'Tis govern'd by a Mayor, Bailiffs, 12 Brethren, 24 Burgesses, 2 Chamberlains, a Recorder, Town Clerk, &c. Its Market is well supplied with Corn, Cattle & Fish especially Salmon. Mr. Camden says that in his time this Town was not populous, & that the Inhabitants were chiefly Husbandmen as lying in a good Soil; but 'tis very much improved since for 'tis at present a populous & thriving Corporation & a good Port. placename:- descriptive text:- Fiennes 1698 Travel book, manuscript record of Journeys through England including parts of the Lake District, by Celia Fiennes, 1698.

The situation of Lancaster town is very good, the Church neately built of stone, the Castle which is just by, both on a very great ascent from the rest of the town and so is in open view, the town and river lying round it beneath; on the Castle tower walking quite round by the battlements I saw the whole town and river at a view, which runs almost quite round and returns againe by the town, and saw the sea beyond and the great high hills beyond that part of the sea which are in Wales, and also into Westmoreland to the great hills there call'd Furness Fells or Hills being a string of vast high hills together; also into Cumberland to the great hill called Black Comb Hill ... I also saw into Yorkshire; ... Lancaster town is old and much decay'd; ...

the town seemes not to be much in trade as some others, but the great store of fish makes them live plentifully as also the great plenty of all provisions; the streetes are some of them well pitch'd and of a good size; when I came into the town the stones were so slippery crossing some channells that my horse was quite down on his nose but did at length recover himself and so I was not thrown off or injured, which I desire to bless God for as for the many preservations I mett with - I cannot say the town seemes a lazy town and there are trades of all sorts, there is a large meeteing-house but their Minister was but a mean preacher: there are 2 Churches in the town which are pretty near each other. date:- page 72 Distances from London ... ent'ring Lancaster at 231'4 on the S-side of Lunu flv. a Place of good Antiquity, suppos'd to be the Longovicunt in the Notitia's, containing several handsom Streets, with a large Ch. which together with the Castle, where are kept the general Assizes and County-Gaol, stand on the N.W. of the T.

'Tis a Corp. govern'd by a Mayor, 2 Bayliffs, 6 Mayor-Peers or Brethren, 24 Burgesses, &c. Statutes-Merchants are here acknowledged, and Parl-Men elected; This T. has a great Mt. on Saturd. for Corn, Cattel, Fish, (especially Salmon) and other Provisions; and has given Title of Earl and Duke to several Princes of the Royal Blood for some Centuries of Years. Thence pass the River over a Fair Stone-Br. at 235'7 ... placename:- Lancaster | Define Lancaster at Dictionary.com Share Lancaster [lang-kuh-ster; for 4–8 also lang-kas-ter] /ˈlæŋ kə stər; for 4–8 also ˈlæŋ kæs tər/ Spell noun 1. the English royal family that reigned 1399–1461, descended from John of Gaunt (Duke of Lancaster), and that included Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. Compare York (def 1). a member of this family. 3.

a city in Lancashire , in NW England. 4. a city in SE Pennsylvania. 5. a town in S California. 6. a city in central Ohio. 7. a town in N Texas. 8. a town in W New York. 9. Examples from the Web for Lancaster Expand Contemporary Examples Joan Crawford had the inside track for Karen, though in 1952 she was six years older than Lancaster. A History of the Oscar Powerhouse ‘From Here to Eternity’ Allen Barra February 28, 2014 Mrs. Lancaster: “I don't think so, but I could check with the kitchen.” A Forgotten Hero Emily Sarah Holt Why do they say my father is for Lancaster and the Red Rose? Heraldry for Craftsmen & Designers William Henry St. John Hope After this, both York and Lancaster retired from Court to their own country homes. British Dictionary definitions for Lancaster Expand noun 1. a city in NW England, former county town of Lancashire, on the River Lune: castle (built on the site of a Roman camp); university (1964).

Pop: 45 952 (2001) Lancaster2 the English royal house that reigned from 1399 to 1461 Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for Lancaster Expand Loncastre (1086) "Roman Fort on the River Lune," a Celtic river name probably meaning "healthy, pure." The Lancastrians in the War of the Roses took their name from their descent from John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper

Question: Which English county town stands on the river Lune?
Answer: Lancaster