"I Think, Therefore I am" Confused: What does this Phrase Mean? - Unenlightened English by centrelli We have all heard this phrase in some form or another but even when I, myself, tried typing this little sentence into google to see what would come up, I was surprised to see that no one could give an explanation that wasn’t lengthy or straightforward. So I’m going to try my hand at explaining this classic statement. Who said it? Rene Descartes is the man credited to these few words. The quote, originally written in french, comes from The Discourse on Method, but also appears written as the famous Latin, “Cogito ergo sum,” in his Meditations on First Philosophy, which was an attempt to find foundational truths for knowledge. The book contains six meditations that attempt to discover what is real by first doubting absolutely everything and starting from scratch. In this way, Descartes starts at the bottom and works his way up into believing in the existence of worldly things. What else do I need to know?

In the First Meditations Descartes explains why he can call his beliefs into doubt, since his beliefs have deceived him before — I think we can all relate to one experience where our beliefs have been totally wrong and we feel the way old Descartes feels here. He argues that perhaps he is currently dreaming or that God is actually a deceiving demon, or that he is simply crazy. This gives him reason to be skeptical of all his beliefs, which leads us into the Second Meditations. Here is where he convinces himself that nothing of the world is real. He essentially disbelieves everything that can possibly be called into question and whittles existence down into nothing. Then, he says as follows: I have convinced myself that there is nothing in the world — no sky, no earth, no minds, no bodies. Doesn’t it follow that I don’t exist? No, surely I must exist if it’s me who is convinced of something. But there is a deceiver, supremely powerful and cunning whose aim is to see that I am always deceived. But surely I exist, if I am deceived. Let him deceive me all he can, he will never make it the case that I am nothing while I think that I am something.

Thus having fully weighed every consideration, I must finally conclude that the statement “I am, I exist” must be true whenever I state it or mentally consider it. (Descartes, Meditation II: On the Nature of the Human Mind, Which Is Better Known Than the Body). Wait a minute, Where’s the quote!? It’s there, trust me! “I am, I exist,” is used here by Descartes to express the same thing. Meditation II is often called the cogitio for the reason that the words “I think, therefore I am,” can readily be explained with this passage. Essentialy, “I think, therefore I am” and “I am, I exist,” mean the same thing. Okay, So what does it mean? If you read the above quote from the Meditation II you see that Descartes has disproved everything that he is used to believing in. When there’s nothing left he still is left with himself and nothing else. Regardless of whether or not he is being deceived by some demon or his beliefs are wrong, he is able to see that even if he has the ability to doubt something he must be existing to even doubt it in the first place.

The fact that he can think is what assures himself of his own existence, and a deceiving god cannot negate that. From this point on, Descartes can continue in his examination of reality without worry that he is by all means existing. Conclusion “I Think, Therefore I am” is used in most intro classes to gets across the real meaning of what the cogito (Meditation II) means — A deceiver can’t deceive me of my existence, for if he were I wouldn’t exist! Although, the true quote comes from Descartes Discourse on Method, it is easier to explain it with this example. The Meditations on First Philosophy is a wonderful piece of literature that’s extremely interesting for anyone to read. If anything I said in this post sparks your interest, then I suggest you read this whole thing through yourself. That’s all for now, I hope you all now have a better understanding of what Descartes was trying to say. So, do our old pal Descartes a favor folks and keep thinking, lest you may cease to exist!

I AM, THEREFORE I AM Jewish World Review March 27, 2001 / 3 Nissan, 5761 I am, therefore I am By Rabbi Hillel Goldberg I think; therefore I am.  Descartes I study Torah; therefore I am.  'Halachic Man' Cogito ergo sum. Philosophers doubt many things, which is why Rene Descartes made his mark in the history of philosophy by proving his own existence. It was a turning point to demonstrate, indubitably, even that one's own self existed. Said Rene Descartes: "I noticed that while I was trying to think everything false, it had to be that I, who was thinking this, was something.

And observing that this truth, I am thinking, therefore I exist [Je pense, donc je suis; cogito, ergo sum] was so solid and secure that the most extravagant suppositions of the skeptics could not overthrow it, I judged that I need not scruple to accept it as the first principle of the philosophy I was seeking." When Descartes said that he existed, he struck a blow both against absolute skepticism, and for thinking as the essence of existence. For Descartes, "thinking" included any activity of consciousness -- thinking, imagining, willing. Perhaps more than its content, the neat, snappy rhythm of Descartes' proof, especially in the Latin translation of the original French, turned his dictum into a springboard for parallel slogans -- some half-baked, some dead serious -- about the essence of existence. For Descartes, the essence of existence was to think. For others, the essence shifts as Descartes' verb, cogito, is replaced by others.

The Yiddish humorist Shalom Aleichem, for example, said, "I laugh; therefore I am," having in mind, no doubt, the ironic Jewish response to the absurdity of the hatred and the persecution to which Jews are regularly subjected. For Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel, the essence of existence is even flatter and more bleak. He says, simply, "I suffer; therefore I am." In a way, to reduce one's entire life to a single verb is to be a fanatic. I use the term descriptively, not pejoratively. To be exceptionally one-dimensional or singleminded is to be a fanatic -- not necessarily the same as an extremist. The many lives of fanatics lend themselves to many Descartes-like aphorisms. Possibilities: I paint; therefore I am.  Vincent Van Gogh I create; therefore I am.  Michelangelo I write; therefore I am.  Franz Kafka I fantasize; therefore I am.  Marc Chagall I report; therefore I am.  Edward R. Murrow I hate; therefore I am.  Adolf Hitler I kill; therefore I am.

 Heinrich Himmler I brutalize; therefore I am.  Saddam Hussein I villify; therefore I am.  Sen. Joseph McCarthy I play; therefore I am.  Babe Ruth I entertain; therefore I am.  Bob Hope I care; therefore I am.  Eleanor Roosevelt I help; therefore I am.  Mother Teresa I innovate; therefore I am.  Bill Gates I acquire; therefore I am.  Sam Walton I sell; therefore I am.  Lee Iacocca I strategize; therefore I am.  Dwight D. Eisenhower Look over the list. One-dimensional or singleminded people can be broken down into categories: Artists (painters, sculptors, writers, reporters; Van Gogh, Michelangelo, Kafka, Chagall, Murrow); Criminals (dictators, killers, defamers; Hitler, Himmler, Hussein, McCarthy) Entertainers (Babe Ruth, Bob Hope) Righteous people (Eleanor Roosevelt, Mother Teresa) Organizers (entrepreneurs, industrialists, generals; Gates, Walton, Iacocca, Eisenhower). These categories cannot embrace all fanatics.

Humanity is too complicated for this easy a classification. More possibilities: I scheme; therefore I am.  Lyndon Baines Johnson I protest; therefore I am.  Thomas Paine I dialogue; therefore I am.  Martin Buber I dream; therefore I am.  Theodor Herzl I publish; therefore I am.  Jacob Neusner I research; therefore I am.  Harry Austryn Wolfson Further, there are categories for which I cannot now think of exemplars. I heal; therefore I am. I fundraise; therefore I am. I love; therefore I am. I dance; therefore I am. I manipulate; therefore I am. I raise children; therefore I am. I rescue; therefore I am. I dream; therefore I am. I cook; therefore I am. I beg; therefore I am. I educate; therefore I am. I talk; therefore I am. I sermonize; therefore I am. I orchestrate; therefore I am. What about religion? Here, perhaps, singlemindedness reigns. I pray; therefore I am.  The Rebbe of Berditchev I am commanded; therefore I am.  Abraham J.

Heschel I teach Torah; therefore I am.  Joseph B. Soloveitchik I sing; therefore I am.  Shlomo Carlebach Who Said “I Think Therefore I Am”? The famous French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes , also known as the Father of Modern Philosophy, said the words "I think therefore I am”. Much of his work attempted to defy skepticism , a prominent ideology for the French intellectuals of the day. In addition, much of his philosophical thinking lead him to speculate about the connection between the mind and the body, which is what this quote focuses upon. Descartes: “I Think Therefore I Am” Descartes wrote this quote in part IV of his work “Discourse on Method of Rightly Conducting One’s Reason and of Seeking the Truth in the Sciences” published in 1637: But I observed that, while I was thus resolved to feign that everything was false, I who thought must of necessity be somewhat; and remarking this truth--I think, therefore I am--was so firm and so assured that all the most extravagant suppositions of the sceptics [sic] were unable to shake it.

I judged that I could unhesitatingly accept it as the first principle of the philosophy I was seeking. I could feign that there was no world, I could not feign that I did not exist. Throughout “Discourse on Method,” Descartes sets up his method of inquiry. In part IV, he then doubts everything he has said and begins by telling his audience that everything he knows is false. By denying everything, he can begin his argument free and clear of prejudice and thus prove his method of inquiry. He then builds his theory beginning with the one thing that he knows to be free of doubt, and that is thought process. Senses can lie or manipulate but to know doubt is to have thoughts and thoughts lead to existence. Rene Descartes, who was born in 1596 and died in 1650, only believed in mathematics and reason. He tried to develop the proper path to deductive reasoning, which he believed was all that stood between him and defeating skepticism. However, he also had to be very careful in his work which closely followed Copernicanism when the Church had recently condemned Galileo for that very belief.

Through all of his work and writings, Descartes became one of the most influential philosophers in history. What is the meaning of the quote, "I think, therefore I am"? | Reference.com What is the meaning of the quote, "I think, therefore I am"? A: Quick Answer The phrase “I think, therefore I am” means that thinking is the one thing that cannot be faked. It is the one way that individuals know they exist. Full Answer This phrase is an English translation of the Latin phrase “Cogito ergo sum.” It was first used by philosopher Rene Descartes. Descartes struggled with a problem that is now called “the problem of knowing,” and sometimes referred to as the “brain in a vat” dilemma. The idea is that the brain is easy to fool. The only way a person knows what he experiences of reality is the truth is by trusting in the sensory inputs of his own brain. Descartes wondered how people knew their perceptions of reality were not the illusions of a demon. In fact, he went on to ponder how people know whether they exist at all. He mused that his own perception of himself might be an illusion.

The answer Descartes came up with for this dilemma was, “I think, therefore I am,” which means that thinking is the one thing he knew could not be artificed. Even if thinking comes from a different place than what is expected, the thoughts still come from the individual and define the individual as real, regardless of any other factors. I Think Therefore I Am? | On Philosophy I Think Therefore I Am? Filed under: Mind — Peter @ 12:00 am That the act of thinking guarantees the existence of the self is a fact that many philosophers take for granted. As Descartes famously put it “I think, therefore I am”, an assertion that has come to be known as the cogito. Certainly the cogito doesn’t seem like something that can be doubted, but if we are really to rely on it we should be certain that its truth can be divorced from Descartes’ philosophy. Here then I will attempt to reconstruct the cogito, as something that cannot be doubted, using a modern philosophical approach.

To defend the cogito we must first reduce it a simpler form that is easier to defend, which is an assertion that we must accept that doubts exist, since to doubt that assertion would be to prove it to be correct. However, even this form of the cogito may be attacked by a kind of radical skepticism. It is possible that what seems like a doubt to us is in actuality not a doubt, but only the appearance of one, and thus it is possible that we might consistently have something that seemed to us like a doubt about the statement “doubts exist”, since no real doubting is going on. To defeat this kind of radical skepticism we must define doubt in terms of presentations, and thus restate our initial claim as “there exist things that present themselves as doubts”. Of course the radical skeptic may now claim that we haven’t proved that real doubts exist, only things that seem like them. This might be a real problem if we believed that a conscious act was something that existed outside of consciousness and was made available to it. This is not, however, how we approach conscious acts, conscious acts simply are their appearances.

Even if the conscious act itself is part of some larger unconscious activity, what defines the conscious act as a specific conscious act is how it presents itself to us, unconscious features are irrelevant. And so our rephrasing of the initial claim isn’t even a substantive change, simply a clarification. Knowing that doubt exists we can generalize and assert that conscious acts exist, since doubts are a kind of conscious act (although we haven’t proven that anything besides doubt must exist), yielding “there exist things that present themselves as conscious acts”. From here, if we are to reach Descartes’ conclusion, we must somehow show that the self exists, and not just the conscious acts. There are basically three ways of understanding the “I” in “I think, therefore I exist”, as the real self, as the self that is constituted by the act of thinking, and as the first person perspective. Of these three it is obvious that the existence of conscious acts can’t prove that “real self” indeed exists. What I mean by real self is the properties of the mind / conscious mind that are really had by the individual, for example certain abilities, dispositions, memories, ect.

It should be obvious that a deluded individual might construe his or herself as some other individual in their thoughts, for example as Napoleon. In their thoughts they might think of themselves as having Napoleon’s memories, Napoleon’s dispositions, ect, but in reality they have none of these things, their real self is not Napoleon. Thus it is not self-contradictory to deny that the self that one thinks that they are is their real self, although it is hard to see why anyone would do this. Similar considerations reveal that it is impossible to deny that the constituted self (the self as conceived of in conscious acts) exists, since to assert “I (or this person) is not my real self” is to constitute that self in the denial. The existence of the constituted self is, however, largely irrelevant, since in conscious acts we can constitute any number of such selves, and deny that they are us. The really interesting question, then, is if we can show that the existence of a conscious act guarantees the existence of a first person perspective, and if some constituted self must exist as a result of this.

The structure of consciousness, the fact that we talk of the conscious act as a presentation, certainly implies that the act is structured around a first person perspective. For the moment then I will take it as given that without a first person perspective nothing can be conscious (since otherwise who or what would it be an appearance to?), and thus to doubt that the first person perspective exists would itself be a conscious act structured around a first person perspective, confirming its existence. Why do I say structured around a first person perspective? Simply because a radical skeptic might insist that there is no real first person perspective, only an appearance of one.* So all we can really say is that the conscious act, the experience, seems as though it has a first person perspective, but given our discussion earlier about the contents of consciousness, this is all that really matters. And, as I alluded above, the existence of a first person viewpoint it itself a kind of minimal constituted self, since the first person perspective implies that there is someone who is having the current experience, even if it doesn’t necessarily give that self any other attributes. Despite its age the cogito is still an important part of the philosophy of mind.

Unlike Descartes, we no longer take it as founding all knowledge (or as proving the existence of god). However, even apart from Descartes’ projects, the cogito is still an important argument for the existence of the mind, since the cogito, as presented above, seems to guarantee that it is impossible to consistently doubt that something like consciousness and the first person perspective exist, a point that seems to escape eliminative materialists. * In fact I agree, see here cogito, ergo sum | philosophy | Britannica.com Cogito, ergo sum Alternative Titles: I think, therefore I am, Je pense, donc je suis Similar Topics Cartesian circle Cogito, ergo sum, ( Latin: “I think, therefore I am) dictum coined by the French philosopher René Descartes in his Discourse on Method (1637) as a first step in demonstrating the attainability of certain knowledge. It is the only statement to survive the test of his methodic doubt .

The statement is indubitable , as Descartes argued in the second of his six Meditations on First Philosophy (1641), because even if an all-powerful demon were to try to deceive him into thinking that he exists when he does not, he would have to exist in order for the demon to deceive him. Therefore, whenever he thinks, he exists. Furthermore, as he argued in his replies to critics in the second edition (1642) of the Meditations, the statement “I am” (sum) expresses an immediate intuition , not the conclusion of a piece of reasoning (regarding the steps of which he could be deceived), and is thus indubitable. However, in a later work, the Principles of Philosophy (1644), Descartes suggested that the cogito is indeed the conclusion of a syllogism whose premises include the propositions that he is thinking and that whatever thinks must exist. René Descartes.

National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland Learn More in these related articles: René Descartes March 31, 1596 La Haye, Touraine, France February 11, 1650 Stockholm, Sweden French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher. Because he was one of the first to abandon scholastic Aristotelianism, because he formulated the first modern version of mind-body dualism, from which stems the mind-body... More about cogito, ergo sum 10 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources.

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Question: Who is credited with the phrase "I think, therefore I am"?
Answer: René Descartes