Yucatan Travel Guide - DoCancun!com HOME > TRAVEL GUIDES > YUCATAN TRAVEL GUIDE Yucatan Travel Guide Yucatan Hotels Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula is full of wonderful things to explore, from beautiful colonial cities to amazing Mayan ruins to stunning natural beauty. Stay in beautiful hotels from Mexico's colonial era, or restored Yucatan haciendas. Yucatan Hotels Yucatan Tours You will run out of vacation days before you run out of things to do on your vacation. Visits to the numerous Mayan archaeological sites in the Yucatan are some of the most popular tours. Yucatan Tours Car Rentals Get your vacation in gear with our Car Rental Service in Merida, Cancun, Playa del Carmen and the Riviera Maya. Choose your car from our great variety of brands and models that best fits your budget. Car Rentals Introduction to the Yucatan Peninsula "I can only imagine how the Indians felt when they were first confronted with the Spanish. Their first difficulty was deciding whether the Spanish were mortals or gods. The French structuralist Tzvetan Todorov makes the interesting argument that this confusion varied in direct proportion to literacy.

The Incas, who could not write at all, were convinced the Spanish were gods. The Aztecs, who had pictograms, initially thought that the Spanish were gods but soon changed their minds. The Maya, who could read and write, knew from the beginning that the Spanish were men. The Maya, therefore, were the most difficult to conquer." --Peter Canby, The Heart of the Sky: Travels Among the Maya From beautiful colonial cities to modern day Mayan villages, the Yucatan Peninsula has a multitude of cities and towns to explore along the way. The Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico includes the Mexican states of Yucatan, Campeche, and Quintana Roo. The capital city of the state of Yucatan is Merida. The capital city of the state of Campeche is Campeche. And the capital city of the state of Quintana Roo (where Cancun and the Riviera Maya are located) is Chetumal. Chetumal, Mahahual and Bacalar are part of an area known as the Costa Maya, and more information can be found on our Costa Maya page.

Colonial cities such as Merida and Valladolid have beautiful architecture and will bring you back in time to the Spanish colonial days of this area. Merida is the capital of the state of Yucatán, and a good base for exploring the region. Even coastal ports such as Progreso to the north and Celestun to the west hold treasures of flocks of vibrant pink flamingos or piers that seem to extend endlessly. Rustic haciendas and convents from the 1600s and 1700s dot the outlying areas to the east. So do caverns of stalactites and stalagmites and cenotes which are underground sinkholes formed from the porous limestone of the region. Look for timeless villages in the small Yucatecan towns along the Convent Route of l7th century churches south of Mérida or the Ruta de Puuc near Uxmal, about 90 minutes south of Merida .

Yucatan Peninsula Map Archaeological Sites in the Yucatan UXMAL The world of the ancient Maya encompassed the Central American countries of Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras as well as Mexico's southeastern states of Chiapas, Tabasco and the three states of the Yucatan Peninsula: Campeche, Quintana Roo and Yucatan. This region, now known as the Mundo Maya (Maya World), contains more than 3,000 architectural sites of this ancient and powerful culture, whose incredible legacy and ritual secrets await almost daily discovery. The most visited Mayan ruins in the Yucatan are Chichen Itza, Tulum, Coba and Uxmal, but dozens of others can be found in the Yucatan. Unlike the Aztecs of central Mexico or the Incas of Peru, the Mayans are a living culture, speaking Mayan among themselves and following centuries-old customs. As you explore the villages of the area, you can see women embroider elaborate floral borders on huipile blouses. You will pass clutches of sleepy towns lined with rectangular homes that have scant furniture and no beds -- only hammocks hung between the narrow walls.

Visit our Mayan Ruins page for more detailed information about the Mayan archaeological sites in the Yucatan Peninsula Colonial Cities in the Yucatan Art and culture created during the era of colonial domination in the Yucatan Peninsula generated a notable architectural legacy, seen today in buildings of great value enriched by Spanish, Arab and native Maya roots. Most of these buildings are located in the Cities of Merida, Valladolid, Campeche, Izamal, and Uman, which today preserve the nobility of their architecture, the cultural vitality of their inhabitants and their ancient layouts of straight streets and welcoming plazas, beautiful churches and majestic cathedrals. For more detailed information on Holbox Island, visit our Isla Holbox Hotels page and our Isla Holbox Travel Guide page. Loltun Caves Loltun Caves are located within the Puuc hills of Yucatán and are open to the public. The massive interconnecting caverns, such as the one seen here, are visited on occasion by bus loads of tourists visiting the nearby ruins of Uxmal, Labna, Sayil, and other sites in the Puuc hills. Few realize the importance of this set of caves in the prehistory of Mexico.

Loltun has given archaeologists some of the earliest evidence for humans in the New World. The caves were used as a butchery for Ice Age fauna during the Paleoindian Period of Mesoamerican prehistory. Other notable features of the Loltun caves include a bas-relief carving at one of the entrances which dates to the Late Preclassic (one of the earliest carvings in this area). And of course within the caves archaeologists have found many examples of prehistoric cave drawings. Hand outlines similar to these were left on the nearby ruins of Uxmal, dating to the Late Classic Period. But the hand outlines at Loltun may be centuries older. These caves are located 110 kms / 68 miles due south from Merida, driving down Federal Highway 180, on the long route to Campeche. Progreso Progreso is situated only 40 km (35 minutes drive) from Mérida . It is a favorite weekend and holiday destination known for its seafood. Mérida residents flock to the port city of Progreso to stroll along the malecón (waterfront promenade) and take a dip in the emerald green waters of the Gulf of Mexico.

Progreso's lovely waterfront promenade is always bustling with food and craft vendors, local residents and beach-goers. The waters just off the coast are calm, clean and good for swimming. Progreso is also a popular cruise ship destination and the city is famous for its pier that extends an impressive 6 km (4 miles) into the Gulf of Mexico. Rio Lagartos If you are looking for a one-stop location to see as many birds as possible while visiting the Yucatan Peninsula, the Ría Lagartos Reserve tops the list with 394 birds -70% of all the birds reported for the region. The reason is simple: diverse habitats that include the sea, coastal dune, scrub, an extensive estuary, salt flats, fresh water wetlands, as well as both dry and humid forest. On top of that, you have some of the best local bird guides in the region that know just where to find the birds on your “wish list”. It’s a beautiful area. At the right time of year you can see numerous species of birds without even getting out of your vehicle. Distance between Cancún and Río Lagartos is 247.9 kms or 154.1 miles.

Distance between Merida and Río Lagartos is 215.1 kms or 133.7 miles. From Cancun or Merida head to Valladolid on 180D, then north on 295 through Tizmin to Rio Lagartos. Sisal Just a 40 minute drive from Merida is the fishing village of Sisal. Sisal has remained relatively untouched by tourism due to its isolation - there is no coastal link with Progreso or Ceseltun. However, it was one of the first and more important ports during the Colonial period. The Empress Carlota stopped there on her visit to Yucatán. It was the port from which all the henequén fiber known as Sisal was exported to the world. Presently the main activity there is fishing, the presence of which is noticeable in the town’s streets where men prepare the boats and nets for next day's fishing trip. In between Celestún and Sisal is the Natural Reserve of “El Palmar”. Telchac Puerto Telchac Puerto is a picturesque town situated on the coast 56 km from Mérida on highway 281.

Puerto Telchac is known for its beautiful beaches of fine sand and gentle waves. One great spectacle in Telchac Puerto is the flocks of flamingos that frequently fly overhead. If you visit during July or August, be sure to visit the main plaza for the fair, where you will find booths offering foods and merchandise. To get to Telchac Puerto by car, go towards Progreso and go east when you reach the beach. Or go to Motul, and head north to the beach from there. If you go by bus you take the Autobuses del Noreste out of Merida Explore the Yucatan: Suggested Itineraries These suggested itineraries for seeings the sights in the Yucatan are best done with a rental car, giving you more flexibility and freedom, although they can be modified and done by bus and with organized tours that depart from particular cities (take the bus from Cancun to Merida, then see Celestun in a tour that departs from Merida, for example). If you do rent a car, be sure to buy the minimum insurance required by Mexican law.

The collision damage waiver insurance protection that often comes as a benefit with credit cards isn't enough - by Mexican law you can be held in jail until any damages you cause to another vehicle or person are paid for, meaning you could be in jail until your credit card company pays the damages. With proof of the Mexican liability insurance, that is sufficient proof that damages will be paid and you won't be held in jail until payment. Land of the Maya (8 days / 7 nights) Starting off in Cancun, this eight day self-drive tour will give you the opportunity of visiting the highlights, and certainly the most exciting sites, of the Mayan World. View a map with driving directions Campeche Day 1: Cancun - Chichen Itza. Visit the Mayan site. Overnight in Chichen Itza. Chichen Itza Hotels Day 2: Chichen Itza - Merida. Sightseeing in Merida. Overnight in Merida. Merida Hotels Day 3: Sightseeing in and around Merida. Overnight in Merida. Day 4: Merida - Campeche visiting Edzna en route. Overnight in Campeche.

Campeche Hotels Day 5: Sightseeing in and around Campeche. Overnight in Campeche. Day 6: Campeche - Uxmal. Visit the stunning Mayan site at Uxmal. Overnight in Uxmal. We suggest Hacienda Santa Rosa or Uxmal Resort Maya Day 7: Uxmal - Tulum via the Mayan site at Coba. Overnight in Tulum. Tulum Hotels Day 8: Tulum to Cancun or extend your stay in the Mayan Riviera. Colonial Cities and The Convents Route (7 days / 6 nights) This seven day self-drive tour has been designed with the idea of taking you through some of the architectural treasures of the state of Yucatan. Using Merida as your point of reference, you will be visiting some haciendas, magnificent structures built between the 17th and 19th centuries initially devoted to the cultivation of corn, then to sugar and then to henequen (sisal). View Map with Driving Directions Celestun Day 1: Cancun - Merida via the Mayan site at Chichén Itza. Overnight in Merida.

Merida Hotels Days 2, 3 & 4: With your base in Merida explore the city and the surrounding area including Izamal with its stunning Franciscan convent and the haciendas at San Jose and Katanchel. Day 5: Visit the flamingo nesting site on the west coast at Celestun and stay overnight near Celestun at Xixim Unique Mayan Hotel Day 6: Follow the Convents Route and overnight at Hacienda Temozon . To follow the convent route, and see the its temples, churches and convents, visit these cities, in this order: Acanceh - Its main attraction is the Plaza de las Tres Culturas (Three Cultures Square), where traits of pre-hispanic, colonial and present times are found. The temple dedicated to Nuestra Señora de la Natividad (our Lady of Nativity) stands out, as well as the chapel of the Virgin of Guadalupe. It is located 26 km southeast of Merida Tecoh - Here you can visit a church and a convent dedicated to the Virgin of the Asunción.

Built over the base of a Mayan pyramid, the church has large quantities of carved stone, an impressive altar and many paintings. Located 34 km southeast of Merida. Mayapán - Also known as Bandera de los Mayas (flag of the Mayas), the walled city of Mayapán is considered to be the last great Mayan capital, and even though it doesn’t have big buildings, over four thousand archaeological structures have been discovered in this zone. Located at km. 45 in the Merida-Acanceh road. Tekit - A prosperous town where you will find the Parish of San Antonio de Padua, with its images of saints in all its niches. It looks like a museum, the altar is quite modest. Located 64 km southeast of Merida. Mama - Its temple and former Franciscan convent have in its front a beautiful bell tower that is to be admired, there is also a closed atrium, on of the most famous in the zone. Located 71 km southeast of Merida. Teabo - Known for two representative sacred constructions: the Parish and Ex-convent of San Pedro y San Pablo, built during the XVII century.

Inside, an altarpiece with two caryatid columns stands out, and the Capilla de Indios dating from 1617. Located 84 km away from Merida. Chumayel - Place of Seeds, cradle of one of the most important documents, the Chilam Balam, sacred book of the Mayas. In this town you can see the Templo de la Purísima Concepción (temple of the purest conception), built in the XVI century. It’s a clear example of religious architecture of medieval crenelated style, taken to Yucatan by the first Spanish to arrive. Inside the temple a black wood Christ of special interest is found. Located 80 km away from Merida. Maní - Religious site of great importance that still conserves impressive examples of its enigmatic past, such as the Templo del Convento de San Miguel Arcángel (temple of the convent of Saint Michael archangel), founded in 1549. Also worth of attention is the open chapel, it was the first built in Yucatan and its size rivals that of the temple.

Behind the convent’s noble walls, the old orchard still stands, carefully grown, as well as the remains of the old water wheel. Located 96 km away from Merida. In this town you must visit the Restaurant Príncipe Tutul Xiu for regional food. Oxcutzcab - Place of the Ramón, tobacco and honey, founded by the Mayan group xiú, after they abandoned the city of Maní. Its temple of San Francisco de Asís was founded in 1581 and finished in 1699, according tot he inscription in its front. Inside you can see the main altarpiece of salomonic columns and the niche with its sculpture. On the side there is the cloister. Don’t forget to visit the market and taste some juicy and tasty fruit, which is why this place is known as Yucatan’s Orchard. Located 109 km away from Merida. Ticul - Known as the Pearl of the South, located 100 km away from Merida. You will find an architectural mix ranging from the Cathedral, the colonial buildings, and Mayan houses. There are clay businesses with workshops where you can see the work being done.

There are hotels, restaurants, a market, and tricytaxis to travel around town. Muna - New Water, a town that houses the Temple and ex-convent of the Asunción, built in the XVII century. Its side belfries are quite interesting, with three bodies each, and the front gable end as well. There is a craft center in the main square. Located 64 km away from Merida. Umán - Noisy Road, where you can visit the magnificent Parish of San Francisco, a former Spanish convent of the XVI century. Of imposing proportions, its front is made of quarry stone with three attractive Gothic arches and its pairs of pilasters; the front is unfinished. You may visit the market or take an ecological taxi to tour the place. Located 18 km southwest of Merida. Day 7: Return to Cancun Western Yucatan: From the Past Towards the Sea Set your own schedule, using Merida as your base, with this suggested itinerary to explore the western Yucatan. This route provides a magical path where you can experience both archaeological marvels and beaches.

View a map with driving directions House of the Seven Dolls - Dzibilchaltun Dzibilchaltun, located only 22 kms. from Merida, holds an incredible amount of stone constructions. One of these, the House of the Seven Dolls, is the site of a beautiful light shown every equinox. This site is also famous for its cenote, where visitors can take a swim. Heading north we arrive at the Port of Progreso. Its visitors are wrapped in its special atmosphere, enjoying the malecon and brilliant sunsets. Further on we find the typical fishing village of Chicxulub, known for its coastal customs and delicious cuisine. Close to Uaymitun is the Scenic View, where from the thatched roof of a building the visitor can observe the beautiful sight of pink flamingoes in their natural habitat. A must-see is Nuevo Yucatan in Telchac. This tourism development on the Yucatan coast offers a wide variety of recreational options. Visit the beautiful Pink Lagoon, sanctuary and home of the many-colored migratory birds. Close to Telchac is Xcambo, with ancient Mayan Pyramids, roads and buildings.

The Puuc Route Labna The Puuc Route is an area that covers the southern state of Yucatan and northern Campeche. A large number of archaeological sites have been found here, some of which are being restored and can be visited. View a map with driving directions The very particular style architecture of this region was given the name of Puuc, which means hill in Mayan. The structures of this style are smooth and unadorned walls from the floor to the height of the entrances or doors; above this limit, which corresponds to the upper facade, it is common to find carved fretwork, masks of the rain god, Chaac, thatched huts, garlands, small columns, thrones and feather headdresses and animals of the region. Loltun Caves - These caves are located 110 kms due south from Merida, driving down Federal Highway 180, on the long route to Campeche. The word “Loltun” comes from the Maya words “lol” (flower) and “tun” (stone) and means “Stone flower”.

The Loltun Caves are the archaeological site with the longest occupation sequence in the northern Yucatan peninsula Labna - Its name means "Old House" and this place can be one of the oldest sites discovered and the vast majority is still unexplored. Among its most important buildings are The Grand Palace, decorated with mask of the god Chaac and snake heads, The Triumphal Arch, one of the most important buildings and one of the most decorated Mayan arches that have been found. You can also see The Mirador and The Building of the small columns. X-Lapak - Its name means "Old Walls", in this archaeological site has found a building richly decorated with masks of the god Chac. The most prominent building is "The Palace" Sayil - Its name means "Place of Ants". Among its most important buildings is The Grand Palace which, at its peak, had 85 rooms and possibly served to manage the city. This building has decorations of the god Chaac, found throughout the area, as well as other gods. El Mirador is one of the oldest buildings on the site.

You can also visit the temple of the Extreme South, the Ball Court and a group of carved stones with hieroglyphs which have not been deciphered. Kabah - At its peak, Kabah was as important as Uxmal in terms of population and dimensions of the city. You can see on many buildings the fine stone carvings that characterized this city. Some of the most important buildings are the Temple of the Sun and The Codz Pop. Uxmal - Uxmal ruins are large and impressively carved. Uxmal is one of the most well known of the Maya cities, and rated by many archaeologists as the finest. In area, the site is fairly compact, though you should allow at least half a day for a first visit, after which you'll probably want to return to go over the site in more detail. DoCancun© 2000-2016. Riviera Maya and Cancun Hotels and Vacations. Dream. Plan. Do. Yucatán - Mexico - HISTORY.com Yucatán A+E Networks Introduction Mayans flourished and established one of their greatest cities, Chichén Itzá, in what is now Yucatán.

Because it was relatively isolated from the rest of Mexico until recently, the state developed its own unique culture. Today, service-based companies account for about 23 percent of the state’s economy. Trade activities (agribusiness, textile and apparel production, furniture manufacturing, etc.) represent about 21 percent of the economy, followed by finance and insurance at 19 percent, manufacturing at 13 percent, transportation and communications at 10 percent, agriculture and livestock at 7 percent, construction at 6 percent and mining at 1 percent. History Early History One of the most advanced indigenous cultures of the ancient Americas, the Mayans began as hunter gatherers and migrated into the Yucatán around 2500 B.C. During the pre-classic period (500 B.C.-250 A.D.) they appeared in Quintana Roo , where they established ceremonial centers at Coba, Dzibanche and Kohunlich. Quintana Roo was considered to be the gateway to the Mayan world. Between 300 and 900, the Mayans built several cities in the Yucatán region, two of the most spectacular being Chichén Itzá and Uxmal.

Did You Know? According to legend, when Francisco Hernández de Córdova arrived on the coast of Yucatán, he asked the natives where he was. They replied in their native tongue that they didn't understand what he was saying. Because Córdova thought their answer sounded like the word Yucatán, he gave that name to the region. In 987, the Toltec people—believing they were following their god Quetzalcóatl—arrived in the region. According to Toltec mythology, Quetzalcóatl demanded human hearts as sacrifice, and the Toltecs obeyed by conducting mass human sacrifices. The Toltec’s cultural influence on the Mayans in Yucatán was profound, and their architectural influences are evident at Chichén-Itzá. Although the Toltecs mixed with the Mayans and other groups, their culture eventually dominated the area. During the 12th century, the Mayan city-state of Mayapán waged war against and defeated the citizens of Chichén Itzá. Mayapán expanded its influence over the region, and the Mayan Cocom dynasty ruled until the mid-13th century.

When the post-classic Mayan period ended around 1250, most cities were abandoned. Those that remained continued to engage in inter-city military conflicts. The disappearance of these great Mayan civilizations remains a mystery; had the Spanish not destroyed the majority of Mayan codices and other writings, the Mayan’s fate might be known today. Middle History On his expedition to Florida in 1513, Juan Ponce de León sailed near Yucatán but never landed there. In 1517, while on an expedition to procure slaves, a Spanish conquistador named Francisco Hernández de Córdova arrived on the Peninsula and asked some of the indigenous people where he was. When they responded, “ Tetec dtan. Ma t natic a dtan” (“You speak very rapidly; we don’t understand your language”), he assumed they were answering his question. Having difficulty pronouncing their words, Córdova ultimately called the land Yucatán. In 1519, Hernán Cortés led an expedition that briefly stopped at Yucatán to rescue Jerónimo de Aguilar, a shipwrecked Franciscan priest, before continuing north to land in Veracruz .

In 1527, Francisco de Montejo set out to conquer Yucatán but was routed by the natives. Three years later, he returned with his son Francisco de Montejo y León but again failed to overpower the indigenous population. Finally, a third attempt in 1537 was successful, and de Montejo founded the cities of Campeche in 1540 and Mérida, the present capital, in 1542. Gaspar Pacheco, known for his cruel treatment of the Indians, completed Spain’s conquest of the area. In an effort to convert the indigenous people to the Catholic faith, Franciscan priests built more than 30 convents in Yucatán and tried to replace Mayan culture with Christianity. In 1562, Franciscan monk Fray Diego De Landa ordered that all handmade Mayan books and statues be destroyed. Few of these rare and important cultural artifacts survived. In addition, Spanish oppression and diseases significantly reduced the native population from an estimated 5 million in 1500 to 3.5 million a century later.

Jacinto Canek, a convent-educated Mayan, led an indigenous rebellion against the government in 1761. The fighting resulted in the deaths of thousands of natives and the execution of Canek in the city of Mérida. Other indigenous revolts during the colonial period gave Yucatán’s natives the reputation of being fierce and difficult-to-conquer warriors. Recent History When Mexico gained its independence from Spain in February 1821, Yucatán became part of the Independent Mexican Empire but remained a remote province until 1824 when it was divided into three states: Campeche, Quintana Roo and Yucatán. In 1835, a conservative unitary system of government was instituted in Mexico and given authority over Yucatán. An insurrection advocating Yucatecan independence erupted in Tizimín in May 1838; in 1840, the local Congress approved Yucatán’s declaration of independence. Hoping to settle the differences, Mexico’s President Antonio López de Santa Anna sent Andrés Quintana Roo to Mérida in 1841. Quintana Roo signed a treaty with the local government, which Santa Anna ignored.

Hostilities resumed, and Governor Méndez ordered all Mexican flags removed from Yucatán buildings and ships in favor of the flag of the “Sovereign Nation of the Republic of Yucatán.” Refusing to recognize Yucatán’s independence, Santa Anna ordered that Yucatán’s ports be blockaded. He also sent an army to invade Yucatán in 1843. The Yucatecans defeated the Mexican force, but the loss of economic ties to Mexico deeply hurt Yucatecan commerce. Yucatán’s governor, Miguel Barbachano, decided to use the victory as a time to negotiate with Santa Anna’s government from a position of strength. During the negotiations, it was agreed that Yucatán would rejoin Mexico, as long as their constitution and their right to self-rule were observed by Mexico City. The treaty reincorporating Yucatán into Mexico was signed in December 1843. However, the central government rescinded earlier concessions, and Yucatán again renounced the Mexican government in 1845, declaring independence on January 1, 1846.

During the Mexican-American War (1846 to 1848), Yucatán, which considered itself an independent nation, declared its neutrality. However, in 1847, the Caste War (Guerra de Castas) broke out on the peninsula. This war was a major revolt by the Mayan people against the Hispanic population in political and economic control. By 1848, the revolt had driven all Hispanic Yucatecans out of the peninsula except for those in the walled cities of Mérida and Campeche. Hoping to suppress the revolt, Governor Méndez sent letters to Britain, Spain and the United States, offering sovereignty over Yucatán to whichever nation could help stop the Mayans. The proposal received serious attention in Washington , D.C., where the matter was debated in Congress. However, the only action taken by the United States was to warn European powers not to interfere in the peninsula. At the conclusion of the Mexican-American War, Yucatecan Governor Barbachano appealed to Mexican President José Joaquín de Herrera for help in suppressing the revolt.

Mexico agreed, and Yucatán again recognized the Mexican government’s authority, reuniting with Mexico on August 17, 1848. Fighting continued between the forces of the Yucatecan government and the independent Mayans through 1901 when the Mexican army occupied the Maya capital of Chán Santa Cruz. Some Mayan communities in Quintana Roo refused to acknowledge Ladino (Jews of Spanish origin) or Mexican sovereignty into the next decade. YucatánToday Until the mid-1900s, Yucatán’s only contact with the outside world was by sea. As a result, Yucatán’s trade with the United States, Europe and Caribbean islands was far more lucrative than that of all other Mexican states. Yucatán was linked to the rest of Mexico by railway in the 1950s and by highway a decade later. Today, Yucatán’s culture remains unique from that of other Mexican states. In the 1960s, the first commercial jet airplanes arrived in Mérida. International airports were built in Cozumel and Cancún in the 1980s, bringing significant tourist income to the region.

The Yucatán peninsula, which supports one of the largest indigenous populations in Mexico, also accomodates the state’s largest tourist volume. For centuries, gubernatorial elections were based primarily on the purity of the candidates’ Hispanic ancestry. However, this led to corruption and the oppression of Yucatán’s majority population — those of indigenous ancestry. The first governor of Yucatán born of pure Mayan descent, Francisco Luna Kan, was elected in 1976. His victory represented a political break from tradition. Facts & Figures Major Cities (population): Mérida (781,146), Tizimín (69,553), Valladolid (68,863), Umán (53,268), Kanasín (51,774) Size/Area: 14,827 square miles Cancún, Cozumel & Yucatán - Lonely Planet Cancún, Cozumel & Yucatán is time relaxing on a beach Places Adventures Why I love Cancún, Cozumel & Yucatán “Above all, I love the colors.

Maybe I've been living in smog-choked Mexico City waaay too long but every time I visit the peninsula I find myself asking: can an ocean or lake really have that many shades of blue, and can jungles and mangroves really look so chlorophyll green? Also, it's just great to be in a place with so many outdoorsy things to do. Had your fill of Maya ruins? No problem, have a dip in a limestone...” Read More Places of interest in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico | VisitMexico Listen Merida is the capital and largest city in Yucatan state and the cultural and financial capital of the region. It’s a modern, cosmopolitan city with museums, art galleries, restaurants, shops and boutiques. A major center of commerce, Merida Yucatan is considered the crossroads of the region and one of the most important places to experience the Mayan heritage.

Mérida was founded in 1542 by Francisco de Montejo “el Mozo” (the son), and built on the site of the ancient Maya city T’ho, meaning “city of five hills.” T’ho was the center of Mayan culture and activity in the Yucatan region. After the arrival of the Spanish, the ancient city’s five main pyramids were destroyed and their ruins used in the construction of Merida’s cathedral and other important buildings. Merida was built as a walled city and several of the old Spanish city gates remain. The city boasts the second-largest historic center in Mexico; only Mexico City’s historic center is larger. Mérida gets its nickname, La Ciudad Blanca (The White City), from the predominance of white limestone that was used as a building material; although locals today will tell you that it also has to do with the cleanliness of the city’s streets and public areas, not to mention how safe is Merida, Mexico. As a result of its unique geographic location, strong Spanish influence and isolation from other parts of Mexico, Merida developed a distinct cultural and political identity.

The unique culture and traditions that you’ll experience when you travel to Merida, Mexico are overwhelmingly apparent in the local dress, language, cuisine and the observance of holidays and celebrations. Not only is Spanish spoken with a distinct accent in Yucatan, but Yucatec Maya is spoken by one third of the population of Yucatan state. The cuisine in Merida Yucatan is also distinct in that it differs from traditional Mexican cuisine and is representative of the local indigenous culture and the Caribbean, Mexican, European and Middle Eastern influences in the region. The traditional music and dance of Yucatan is known as Vaqueria Regional. It plays an important role in the Vaquerías Feast which was originally associated with the branding of cattle on Yucatecan haciendas. You can catch weekly performances in Merida’s central plaza. Chances are that you’ll spend at least part of your Yucatán vacation shopping for handicrafts. Merida is famous for the guayabera, a loose fitting men’s shirt with tucks and pockets. Traditional guayaberas are white, made from cotton or linen and often embroidered. Here you’ll also find hipiles, dresses or tunics worn by the indigenous women of the region.

Hipiles are often white with colorful embroidered designs that traditionally convey some sort of meaning within the local community. Or perhaps you’ll choose to spend part of your Yucatán vacation relaxing in a hammock. The hammocks that you’ll find in Mérida, Yucatán are of a high quality and made from cotton string that’s woven into a fine mesh. They’re extremely popular and commonly used throughout the region. Finally, explore more of the Yucatán region when you travel to Mérida, Mexico with visits to nearby towns, Mayan ruins and cenotes (underwater sinkholes). Yucatán travel guide - Wikitravel UTC -6/-5 Catedral de San Gervasio at Valladolid Yucatán is a state in the north western part of the Yucatán Peninsula , with its coastline facing the Gulf of Mexico. To the east is the state of Quintana Roo , home of Cancun and Cozumel; Campeche is to the south.

Yucatán is home to the Chicxulub Crater; geologists say that this crater dates back approx 65 million years from the Earth's collision with a meteorite, and it is implicated with the extinction of the dinosaurs. In early historic times, Yucatán was one of the centers of the Pre-Colombian Maya civilization and the Maya people still form a significant part of the state's population. The Spanish came to conquer in the 1500s, "conquering" the Maya people and replacing the Maya city of T'ho with the capital city, Merida. Spanish conquistadors stayed and intermarried with the local Maya population, becoming a part of the historic heritage of Yucatán. In the late 1800’s, henequen, a plant grown for its strong fibers that were turned into twine, became known as the “green gold" of Yucatan. The sale of "sisal rope" (named for Sisal, the port from which this rope was shipped around the world) became responsible for much of the wealth of Yucatan.

Henequen made Yucatan into one of Mexico’s richest States, and turned Merida at the turn of the 20th Century into a city with more millionaires than any other city worldwide. Today, one can still visit henequen-producing haciendas, though they are few. Other haciendas, many of them abandoned and neglected in the mid-20th Century, are today private homes, hotels, meeting places and museums. Cities[ edit ] Mérida - the state capital and largest city. Izamal - Small city with a rich ancient Maya and Spanish Colonial past. Known for its yellow-painted walls throughout the city. Motul - Small city, origin of a Yucatecan dish called "Huevos Motuleños", birthplace of Felipe Carrillo Puerto. Progreso - Port City on Gulf of Mexico, known for fresh seafood and beaches. Valladolid Spanish Colonial era architecture dominates this small city close to Chichen Itza. Other destinations[ edit ] Lol-Tun caves Chichen Itza -- Yucatan's largest and most famous ancient Maya ruins. One of the new Seven Wonders of the World.

Cuzamá -- Home of three beautiful cenotes Ek Balam -- Maya ruins just north of Valladolid Lol-Tun -- an underground cave system, two hours south of Merida Uxmal -- Maya site south of Merida. Near Uxmal are a collection of smaller but impressive Maya ruins: Kabah, Labnah, and Sayil. Understand[ edit ] Yucatan is a place of peace and friendly people, a place to explore the Maya culture, enjoy beautiful sandy beaches, underground rivers and cenotes, ancient Maya archaeological sites, or the flavor of a Yucatecan meal. Most people speak Maya and Spanish; English and German are also commonly spoken at tourist sites. Bird lovers will find Yucatan a great place for bird-watching. Those that enjoy romantic places will find many in the Colonial cities, where people gather at night in parks and plazas to enjoy a free concert of music or dance. Talk[ edit ] Spanish is the official language. Knowing at least a few simple phrases of basic Spanish is helpful, but locals are very forgiving of visitors who are not fluent as long as you make an effort to be polite. In much of Yucatan some Maya is spoken.

Except in a few small villages, almost everyone will have at least a working knowledge of basic Spanish. The younger people are now learning English and will enjoy trading a Spanish lesson for an English lesson. English, at least simple English, is widely understood by merchants and guides at major tourist destinations and in more upscale hotels. By air[ edit ] The major airport in Yucatan State is located at Merida (Rejon) International Airport (IATA: MID). Another point of access to the State might be though Cancun International Airport (IATA: CUN), located at Cancun, Quintana Roo State, to the east of Yucatan State. By Boat[ edit ] The main option for approaching the Yucatan Peninsula by boat is cruise ships serving Yucatan State or the State of Quintana Roo. Most cruise ships drop anchor to the east in Cancun or Cozumel. Some cruise ships anchor at Progreso, in Yucatan. Progreso has one of the longest causeways in the world. By Road[ edit ] Yucatan has extensive well-built highways, as well as rural, state and federal roads that are safe for tourists.

When driving the "libre" roads, keep an eye out for speed bumps, called "topes". They are numerous, and found at the beginning, end, and middle of most villages. Bus lines offer inexpensive first-class air-conditioned bus trips. Get around[ edit ] Renting a car is highly recommended. Main roads are in good condition and state maps are easily available at any tourist information kiosk. There are many bus routes and one can get around by bus, though not all are air-conditioned or run at convenient times. No train service is offered to this State. There is limited air service to outlying communities from Merida. The fastest route across the region (Cancun--Valladolid--Chichen Itza--Merida) is the divided four-lane toll road, the cuota (Highway 180). The toll between Cancun and Chichen Itza is approximately US $45 each way. The road is well-maintained but does not have nighttime lighting. Occasional bicyclists and pedestrians create some road hazards, but fewer than on most other Mexican roads. Still, it is not advisable to drive the road at night if you are unfamiliar with it.

There are few services available along the road--very few gas stations, few vendors or services, etc.--so plan accordingly. Restrooms are available at toll booth areas and in most Pemex (gas) stations. "Yucatan Today" [1] has lot of info and tips online. Pick up a copy of their monthly periodical when in Yucatan for maps, information, and lots of articles. "Yucatan Living" [2] is an online magazine for English-speakers who live, work or travel in the Yucatan. Check it out before you travel for details on driving, destinations and culture. There is also a weekly English Events listing and a News synopsis. Itineraries[ edit ] Yucatan offers many areas of interest to visitors, including famous Maya archaeological sites, sandy beach towns, colonial cities, ecological reserves and adventure loaded trips to 'Cenotes' (fresh underwater sink-holes), caves, haciendas and small towns. Birdwatching[ edit ] Yucatan is a great place to visit for those that enjoy birdwatching. Places to visit for that activity are: Celestun , Rio Lagartos, El Cuyo, Chichen Itza, and Uxmal.

Things to Do[ edit ] Merida. Each night the City Hall sponsors many cultural events and regional dances throughout the Historic District (centro historico) in downtown; most events are free and scheduled to start after 7:00 P.M. Carnival in Merida has evolved in recent years from a Maya/Catholic indigenous celebration to what can be describes as "The party of the Year". For a week, Paseo de Montejo, the main street, is closed most nights and some days, for parades of costumed dancers and floats. Lodging reservations suggested during Christmas, New Years, Carnival, Easter and Day of the Dead. Archaeology. Yucatán is home to several famous Mayan archaeological zones. The best known and most widely visited by tourists is Chichén Itzá , the site of the Kukulcan Pyramid, the Maya Observatory, and the Sacred Cenote . A contrasting architectural style can be observed at Mayan sites along the Ruta Puuc . There are many minor sites, not as well known, that are enjoyable to visit as well. These include Labna, Sayil, Kabah, Ek Balaam, Dzibilchaltun and Edzna.

Cenotes . These natural underground lake and cave formations, found throughout the Yucatan Peninsula, are especially concentrated in the state of Yucatán. The highest concentration is to be found in what was once an ancient meteor crater. Many that can be toured are located along La Ruta de los Cenotes , an official network of secondary roads that is promoted by regional governments and tourist authorities. Spas. Massages and treatments based on Mayan ritual practices are available at spas such as Yaxkin Spa at Hacienda Chichén, [3] near Chichén Itzá. Other haciendas, such as Hacienda Petac [4] and Hacienda Xcanatun [5] also provide spa services. Museums. Many cities and towns in Yucatan have small to medium-sized museums. Chichen Itza has a small exhibit at the main entrance of the site, within the Cultur complex. Hacienda Chichen has the Merle Greene Gallery and museum [6] . Merida has many museums, including the new Gran Museo del Mundo Maya [7] which has extensive exhibits on Maya history and culture. Downtown Merida houses the MACAY [8] , a contemporary art museum.

Outside of Merida, near Ticul, is the Cacao Museum [9] where visitors can learn the process of making chocolate and sample the results. In Valladolid, a local couple has opened their house as a museum of Mexican arts and crafts called Casa de los Venados [10] . Mayan Sacred Ceremonies. There has been worldwide interest in the Maya cosmology and Maya spirituality since before 2012. Local tour companies, such as Casa K'in, offer Maya spiritual tours where guests can participate in and learn ceremonies [11] . The Mayan Priests and Elder Healers' civil association: Kuch Kaab Yeetel J-Men Maya'ob A.C. offers a variety of sacred Mayan rituals and mystical ceremonies throughout the year at their Sacred Mayan Ceremonial Center within the Maya Jungle Reserve at Hacienda Chichen. Haciendas. The Yucatan Peninsula is dotted with haciendas. Some are abandoned and beautiful in their decay. Some, such as Hacienda Yaxcopoil [12] are run as museums, while others are private homes. Many of them have been renovated and are run now as hotels or B&B's.

Hacienda Chichen [13] is close to Chichen Itza. Hacienda San Jose Cholul, Santa Rosa, Temozon and Uayamon [14] are part of the Starwood Luxury Collection. Other independent hacienda hotels include Hacienda Santa Cruz [15] , Hacienda Misne [16] and Hacienda Xcanatun [17] (which also has one of Merida's best restaurants). Hacienda Ochil [18] is a great place to stop for lunch. And others, such as Hacienda Sac Chich [19] and Hacienda Petac [20] are available as vacation rentals. Buy[ edit ][ add listing ] Yucatán Hammocks The Maya hammock is a very light and sturdy resting instrument or piece of gear, considered a gift of the Gods by the Maya. Used as a hammock or backpack, a Yucatan hammock is strong enough to haul a monkey! Hammocks come in a variety of colors, sizes and materials. A well-made matrimonial version will easily hold up to 600 pounds or more due to the unique Maya diamond-like weave.

A tighter weave will give more comfort and support. In times past, hammocks were made from fibers of the local henequen cactus, a strong but somewhat coarse material. Today, hammocks are handmade using over 2 miles of soft cotton or nylon, and can give more than two years of continuous service when not exposed to sunlight for long periods. Hammocks should be hand washed and hung to stretch and dry. Hammocks should not be hung directly on hooks, as the friction will break down the woven loop. Loop a rope or a hook from a chain or rope and loop it through the loop end of the hammock and attach that to the hook. Be mindful of the instability of a hammock until you are used to it. Children should not be left unattended in a hammock. The "guayabera" shirts for men and "huipil" blouses and dresses for women are attractive and great for the climate and can be purchased throughout the Yucatan Peninsula. Yucatan is well known for its exquisite and embroidered "huipiles," silver "filigrana" jewelry, traditional "hammocks", and for fine replicas of ancient Maya ceramic vessels and masks.

A fine arts boutique in Valladolid's main square, is Yalat which specializes in Mexican fine arts and unique Maya art-crafts. Merida also offers some good shopping at places like Alma Mexicana [21] and the gift shop at Hotel Mediomundo [22] . Many arts and crafts are sold on the streets of Merida at night as well. And the Plaza Grande in Merida is filled with puestos (small shops) every Sunday (9 am to 5 pm) for Domingo en Merida. Yucatan makes excellent summer hats of the "Panama" or "Jipijapa" style. Even the highest quality fine mesh hand woven hats are fairly reasonably priced compared to what similar hats go for in most other countries. Eat[ edit ][ add listing ] Yucatan cuisine is well known throughout Mexico. Try the traditional Pollo Pibil (tender chicken) and Sopa de Lima (chicken soup with lime juice). Poc chuc is a tender slow cooked pork dish. Chilmole is turkey in a dark spicy sauce. Venison is no longer so common in Yucatan as it was a generation ago, but still sometimes appears on menus and is usually of good quality.

If you are lucky enough to be discovering Yucatan by automobile or even bus, a travel cooler of decent size comes in very handy in this climate. You will have opportunities to purchase fresh fruit and vegetables along the road. Honey can sometimes be found for sale along the road in used whiskey bottles, and can be found in most local markets. It is safe to eat and delicious. Drink[ edit ][ add listing ] Bottled water is available in most places and is the safest choice for drinking. Yucatan has some decent bottled beers. "Montejo" is a light pilsner; "Leon" is a Munich style dark. Some places you may see "Michelada" offered -- that is a specialty of this area of Mexico. It is a cold beer with lime juice and spices. Yucatan makes a local liqueur called "X'tabentun". It is made with anis and honey and is hard to find (practically impossible) in most parts of the world, so if you like it, buy it when you visit. "Crema de nance" is a tasty distinctive liquor made from a local fruit.

Fresh fruit juice and aguas (fruit with water) are very popular in Yucatan and fresh squeezed OJ can be found in most markets. Sleep[ edit ][ add listing ] The lodging in the Yucatan varies widely. If you are traveling on a budget, there are places where you bring your own hammock (good quality inexpensive hammocks can be easily purchased at markets in Merida or larger towns). Sleeping in your own hammock is common for budget accommodation, often in rather primitive lodging with three walls, a ceiling and an open air front. Even some higher priced hotels in the cities have a floor of rooms that only accommodate hammocks. Other more conventional sleeping choices are also available. In the moderate range, there are decent hotels or pensions with basic but clean rooms with the simple luxuries of bed, air conditioning, and private bath, often only a short distance from historic sights or beaches. Of course the larger cities and most popular attractions have luxury hotels with amenities and attentive staff that understand English and other languages. For a different type of Yucatan experience at the high end of the spectrum you may want to look into the numerous haciendas that are scattered throughout the State, and have been renovated into (usually high-end) hotels.

Merida and the beach communities also have a wealth of vacation rentals available [23] . Stay safe[ edit ] Yucatan is a safe place to visit... statistically safer than most cities in the United States. Nevertheless, normal caution should be taken as you would take in your home town. Always keep your vehicle locked and valuables out of sight. In the larger cities, parking is somewhat limited and it may be best to find secured parking. Never photograph military installations, Police, Federal police or children without permission. Keep your passport or other ID with you at all times. The biggest danger to visitors may be on the roads. If not on toll roads, you are likely to encounter large buses, trucks, pedestrians, animals and such. Driving after dark can be dangerous, as visitors are unfamiliar with the customs and area and many places are not lit. In the tourist areas you may encounter some "machismo". It is best dealt with by pretending not to notice. Get out[ edit ] To the south of Yucatan is the state of Campeche , with more Maya ruins and the charming namesake capital city Campeche .

East of Yucatan is the state of Quintana Roo , home to the popular tourist destination of Cancun , the ancient ruins of Tulum and Coba , beautiful beaches, and other attractions. Farther south is the country of Belize

Question: Mérida and Cancún are located on what peninsula?
Answer: Yucatán