Jerusalem Cherry, Winter Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry Solanum pseudocapsicum Neutral On May 14, 2013, AmandaEsq from Greensboro, NC (Zone 7b) wrote: A neighbor has this in her front yard. Although it is not supposed to be hardy in our zone, hers comes back. Perhaps the large quartz stones around the bed help to retain heat. Neutral On Jul 12, 2012, stephenp from Wirral, UK, Zone 9a, United Kingdom (Zone 9a) wrote: Hard to say anything much about this plant yet, although I've had this in the ground since last summer, it's started to flower again so it must be liking the position. It is an evergreen shrub with small leaves, and white flowers, followed by small tomato like fruits.. although they are poisonous so best not to let children get hold of them. The flowers are unusual for the Solanum plant, as they look more like miniature citrus flowers rather than the typical Solanum flower look.

Positive On Oct 9, 2008, Buzzdog from Sevierville, TN (Zone 6b) wrote: Growing up in Georgia, my mother had a Jerusalem Cherry in our backyard. I now have that plant here in eastern Tennessee and it is doing well. Mine is a small plant and doesn't poke up out of the ground until late May. I leave it in the ground through the winter with mulch over it. I have never tried to propagate it with its seeds, but that might be fun to try. I saw a potted Jerusalem cherry at a local nursery for $14.95. That's the first time I have seen it in a nursery. I thought it only came from Mamas' yards! Buzzdog Positive On Feb 29, 2008, Sansevieria from Orangeburg, NY (Zone 6a) wrote: I have a Jerusalem Cherry for many years. Its easy to grow outdoors, but will need a bright cool room during winter time (NorthEast, USA). This plant is an old time favorite and has been in cultivation for 100's of years... Solanum Pseudocapsicum..

Positive On Jul 13, 2007, dave3877 from Crockett, TX wrote: i dont know how many varieties there are but i have one plant whose fruits are smaller(1/2 average-9/16 max) and one larger that makes 3/4 fruit. i have had them planted in the soil (south side of the house) and the stay green year round. Positive On Apr 29, 2005, daisy510 from Vidalia, GA wrote: My Mother(now in a nursing facility) had this plant which was in a pot on her porch. It received morning sun and was shaded during the heat of the day. It is left outside during our winters(Georgia) but covered when temperatures drop.I moved back to my home town in '94 and into my Mothers house. I have taken care of this plant since that time. I find that some of the instructions on the care of this plant are not anything as I have done. It is not an annual as this plant I have is 11 years of age and perhaps older.

I cut it back this year '05 after I failed to cover it when we had 20 degree temperature.It has come back full and already blossoming. I think-not sure- that this one is maybe the Jubilee Cherry. I had no idea it was poisonus.I gave one to my son who is an avid gardner and has ... read more a dog and young child.A friend of mine is how I gained the knowledge of the name of the plant. I have cats and all this time I have not lost a cat due to the plant-as I know-I separated the plant and repotted it atleast twice. It is growing well. I do not fertilize it often.If any one has any more information I would like to hear from them. Positive On Dec 10, 2004, JerusalemCherry from Dunellen, NJ (Zone 6b) wrote: This Striking plant was often used to brighten up your home during the holiday season. This plant is a perennial shrub from South America. The Jerusalem Cherry comes decorated with large, bright orange/red balls that resemble shiny Christmas ornaments. The fruits are mildly poisonous & should be kept out of reach from small children.

When the Jerusalem Cherry is full of fruit, it really stands out. I get many complements on mine when in fruit. Many people assume that the Jerusalem Cherry, is a �Cherry Tomato� bush as the fruits look similar. Normally, the Jerusalem Cherry fruits are more orange in color than a tomato plant�s red fruits. Plus a Jerusalem Cherry is a bush/shrub, as cherry tomatoes are more of a vine plant. A very ornamental type of Jerusalem Cherry is ... read more called �Cherry Jubilee�. This plant has deep green leaves & becomes densely covered with fruit. This variety of Jerusalem Cherry is truly decorative. Last I checked, a company called stokeseeds.com is the only place I have ever seen these type of seeds sold at. The Jerusalem Cherry has been grown for many many years. I read a book that had diary entries from the 1800�s. The book mentions that someone acquired several Jerusalem Cherry seeds & was told they were very beautiful. The entree was from April 21st, 1808. With that being said, the Jerusalem Cherry has been a favorite for a long time.

Lastly, after the Jerusalem Cherry plants fruits have fallen, let this plant rest near a bright window for the winter months. Once spring arrives, cut plant back (approx half way). Place outdoors & you will have a healthy bushy plant with new cherries by midsummer to late summer. The Jerusalem Cherry can be kept year after year if treated in this manner. Positive On Nov 1, 2004, Abrigman from Huntsville, AL wrote: I have had this plant for years. It has grown under some trees and reseeds it self. I am constantly taking up the new plants and setting them out in another location that is in partial shade. I have had very good luck with this plant and share it with all that would like to have it. I also have a large pot that is in a sunny location, but try to bring the pot in for the winter. If I just leave it in a detached garage it sometimes freezed, but there are always enough seed that have fallen and it will grow new plants for the next season.

Positive On Sep 17, 2004, CatskillKarma from West Kill, NY wrote: I don't recall seeing them in the 70s, but did know them earlier. When I was a child in the late 50s and early 60s, we always made a special pilgrimage to a nursery in West Redding, CT to get these to serve as our Christmas plant. My mother thought they were much nicer than poinsettias. They were not uncommon then. Jewish friends in NY referred to them as Hanukah bushes, and they were presumably available from florists in the city. Ours were kept as seasonal houseplants, and always came loaded with decorative fruit around the first week of December, but were abandonned in January.. Positive On Sep 16, 2004, piedmthq from Dunellen, NJ (Zone 6b) wrote: The Jerusalem Cherry has a few different names, (i.e. Winter Cherry, Christmas Cherry, Madeira Cherry, Cleveland Cherry, and Coral Bush. In French its called, Cerisier de Jerusalem, which means Cherry Tree of Jerusalem.

I read on a Japanese website, that this plant came over to that country during the Meiji era (1867/68) & it is sometimes called (The ball of the dragon). I have seen these names listed for this plant, in old houseplant books and on the internet. There are two different types (species) of the Jerusalem Cherry (Solanum Pseudocapsicum) and (Solanum Capsicastrum). Very often, they are confused for each other because they basically look the same, especially in cultivation with the many varieties available today. Most flower shops etc, do not label the particul ... read more ar species/variety when you purchase it. The Pseudo-capsicum is normally a larger plant, while the capsicastrum is more compact. But I have seen dwarf varieties of the Pseudo-capsicum. Also there is a Variegated Jerusalem Cherry (Solanum Capsicastrum Variegatum). This plant dates back to the 1600's & is native to Brazil, & Uruguay area (I did read on a russian website, that this plant was in cultivation back in 1596).

A very early account of this plant, is in a book called, Stirpium Historiae Pemptades, revised edition of the year 1616, by Dutch botanist Rembert Dodoens. Quoted by Linnaeus at a later date, Dodoens describes the plant, speaks of its cultivation, explains its cultivation, explains its name etc. He also mentions that Pseudocapsicum gets its name from its likeness to Capsicum. Books I have read, say the JC plant was a very popular Christmas plant during the Victorian era. You also see this plant in many old house plant books from the 50's 60's & 70's. Today (as of 09-28-04) , the plant is still sold in large numbers, but many places (i.e. Home Depot etc) carry pepper plants instead. Ornamental peppers are easier to grow then the JC plant & ornamental peppers are not poisonous. As a side note, I have seen a P.A. Home Depot carry this plant at XMAS time. The Jerusalem Cherry's berries are mildly poisonous, it would be best to keep them away from small children & pets.

This South American plant's name derives from its colorful berries. The names Jerusalem Cherry, Christmas Cherry, Winter Cherry, Coral Bush, etc are all associated with this plant, because the plant is usually offered during the Christmas/Holiday season. Many tropical plants have Christmas in their common names. Either because they bloom at the right time to be associated with the holiday, or they carry the Christmas colors as we see in the Jerusalem Cherry. The name "Jerusalem" in general has been given to many plants, i.e Jerusalem sage,artichoke,oak etc. Another source that I have read, an expert on plant names, said the word Jerusalem, as in other plant names, is to stand for as a vague name for a distant foreign country. The care for this plant is pretty straight forward (this is based on living in the north east of the USA). The JC plant needs bright light & a cool room (around 60f) during the fall/winter months. From Nov-May while plant is indoors do not fertilize. In the spring, before I put this plant outdoors, I cut it back almost halfway & then bring it out for the spring/summer. The JC Plant needs to be outside in order for the flowers to be pollinated.

Give your JC plant Tomato Fertilizer or any 20-20-20 Fertilizer from late Apr-Oct. Water the plant well, when the soil starts to slightly dry water well again. The JC plant likes full sun. Some books claim this plant is an annual & to discard after fruiting, but this is wrong. The JC plant is a perennial & can be kept for many years, I have one since 1992. Just watch for whiteflies, they sometimes attack this plant. The Jerusalem Cherry is deservedly a popular Holiday Plant. There are several named varieties of the Jerusalem Cherry. The varieties/hybrids differ in plant size, berry size, berry color, and variegated forms..... NEW PATTERSON.. standered JC plant sold, green leaves, berries are green & turn orange/redish... CHERRY RIPE..This JC plant has bright red berries... JOKER..This dwarf early selection with yellow 1/2" berries which turn orange & red, held above the glossy dark green foliage. White 1/2" flowers. ..... FANCY..This is a small variety.. SNOWFIRE...This has white berries, that turn red..

CHERRY JUBILEE...This has white berries, yellow, then red berries... JUBILEE..is a small form with pale green fruit that ripens to deep orange... RED GIANT...This has large berries (looks allot like cherry tomatoes) SNOWSTORM...This is the variegated Jerusalem Cherry.. BALLAD..This is a small variety with whitish green berries, that turn red... CAPITAL...This has green berries that turn red. Finally, HOLIDAY CHEER... This has Green berries that turn creamy yellow then orange/scarlet. Its a great plant to own, and from my experience, most people love it. Positive On Jun 20, 2004, Hagarohio from Ironton, OH wrote: I have had Jerusalem Cherrys for years. Beautiful plant with bright red fruit. My first one was at least ten years old and doing very well. One day it looks bad the next day it was dead, I have no idea what happened. My current on is about six years old and always loaded with cherrys. It winters in the garage in a south window and then back to the south porch for the summer.

I'll try to load a picture someday after the cherrys have come on. I love my cherry tree. Positive On Dec 7, 2002, Azalea from Jonesboro, GA (Zone 7b) wrote: A fairly compact plant with attractive white star type 3/4" blooms in late spring and early summer. The fruit is round 3/4" orange to red "cherries" that are said to be toxic. There are many seeds within the fruit which ripens in late summer to fall. When I received this plant, I was told it was not hardy here in zone 7b, but I have left it outside the past 4 years, it is evergreen with woody stems. The leaves are about 3" long and 1/2' wide, stay fairly dark green. Seeds Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) Seeds Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry Seeds Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) Price for Package of 5 seeds. Solanum pseudocapsicum is a nightshade species with poisonous fruit.

It is commonly known as the Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry, or, ambiguously, "winter cherry". These perennials can be grown decoratively as house plants, but in some areas of Australia and New Zealand the plant has You must add 1 as a minimum quantity to buy this product. Availability: Warning: Last items in stock! Online only Seeds Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) Price for Package of 5 seeds. Solanum pseudocapsicum is a nightshade species with poisonous fruit. It is commonly known as the Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry, or, ambiguously, "winter cherry". These perennials can be grown decoratively as house plants, but in some areas of Australia and New Zealand the plant has become a weed. Overview The plant is perennial in zones up to USDA 8. Native to Peru and Ecuador, they can survive frosts and cold weather. They generally live up to 10 years, producing fruit usually in their second or third year, and every year after that. They are congeners of tomatoes and the fruit is extremely similar to cherry tomatoes in taste and texture, and are therefore easily confused with them.

The Jerusalem Cherry's poison is primarily solanocapsine, which is similar to other alkaloids found in their genus, such as solanine and atropine. Although the toxin is poisonous, it is generally not life-threatening. It may cause gastric problems, including vomiting and gastroenteritis as referenced in the obsolete scientific name S. ipecacuanha (roughly "ipecac nightshade"). Jerusalem cherries are also highly poisonous to dogs,[2] cats,[3] and some birds. Though Jerusalem Cherry is distributed by certain birds in the wild – both where native and where introduced, e.g. in Australia by the Pied Currawong (Strepera graculina) –, most popular pet birds, namely parrots and relatives, are not immune to its poison. Taxonomy Supposedly, the plant described as Solanum capsicastrum and called False Jerusalem Cherry is closely related but distinct species, and the trade name "Winter Cherry" is also held to apply to this exclusively.

It is said to be recognizable by more mediocre size, and/or a greyish hue to the foliage and/or stems, and/or fruit that have a pronounced yellow hue when unripe and whose pulp is not or less poisonous (though the seeds still are, making the whole fruit still inedible), and/or higher frost hardiness. But these supposed differences are inconsistently given in various horticultural sources, and no botanical source has in recent times distinguished between the two. Indeed, these taxa are now generally held to refer to the same species, and the "False Jerusalem Cherry", if it is at all distinguishable, seems to be a chemotype at best, or just a motley collection of cultivars. Sowing Instructions Put the seeds in water for 6-12 hours. Stratification: Coir or sowing mix + sand or perlite Germination temperature: bright + keep constantly moist not wet Germination Time: Water regularly during the growing season No customer comments for the moment. Only registered users can post a new comment. Brand: seeds-gallery.com Product: Seeds Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry Description: Seeds Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) Price for Package of 5 seeds.

Solanum pseudocapsicum is a nightshade species with poisonous fruit. It is commonly known as the Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry, or, ambiguously, "winter cherry". These perennials can be grown decoratively as house plants, but in some areas of Australia and New Zealand the plant has Category: Home Price at : 1.50 EUR Availability: (411 items) Product rating for Seeds Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry: 5 / 5 (1 total votes, 1 total reviews) 0 products product 0,00 € (empty) No products Ich habe heute meine Bestellung Nummer 609 erhalten, bin mit eurem servis sehr zufrieden. Der Riesenmais ist wirklich eine tolle bereicherung fuer meinen Garten! Finde Seeds-Gallery eifach super! Ich sage danke und liebe Gruesse K. Preschern Sydney Nice Seeds, Great Seller, Fast Shipping ! ! Recommend to All Buyers, A+++++ Vielen Dank! Es wurde schnell versendet und kam auch rasch an. Die einzelnen Samen-tuten sind gut beschriftet. Werde sicherer noch weitere Artikel bestellen. Bis bald!

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Customer: Igor Novakovic Winter Cherry | Poisonous Plant For Pets Solanocapsine, aramines, phentamines, dopamine, fluoxotine and amphetamines derivatives Poisoning Symptoms: Hypersalivation, severe gastrointestinal disturbance, diarrhea, anorexia, apathy, drowsiness, depression, nausea, vertigo, spasims, dyspnea, respiratory paralysis, anticholinergic syndrome, confusion, hallucinations, hyperpyrexia, ataxia, excitement, drowsiness, coma, dry skin and flushing, tacycardia, mydriasis and the absence of or reduction of bowel movements Additional Information: Solanum pseudocapsicum (Jerusalem-cherry) indoor ornamental plant grown for its colorful berries. This plant contains numerous chemical to include solanocapsine, aramines, phentamines, dopamine, fluoxotine and amphetamines derivatives. Most of the research into this plants toxicity has revolved around solanocapsine, a chemical compound that is related to solanine. While research and experiments have shown that it is possible for this chemical to cause death, it is unlikely because oral absorption of the toxin is minimal.

In laboratory experiments involving cats and rodents, the ingestion of a moderate amount of both leaves and berries did not cause severe or life threatening symptoms. Even though all parts of the Jerusalem Cherry are toxic with the highest toxicity being found in the berries, it is also non palatable as the leaves and berries produce irritant effect on the mouth and throat. So only in rare cases will an animal consume enough to cause a potentially lethal poisoning situation. The pets at highest risk are those that tend to be curious or bore easily and will either chew or ingest the Jerusalem Cherry for the sake of curiosity or out of pure boredom. When ingested problems of the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, abdominal pain, inappetence, and diarrhea which may become bloody) and the central nervous system (depression, loss of coordination, weakness, paralysis of the rear legs, collapse, difficulty breathing, convulsions and death) may be noted. First Aid: In cases involving the ingestion of Jerusalem Cherry the prognosis is good. Vomiting should be induced with 3% hydrogen peroxide and if a larger amount was consumed gastric lavage should be performed, followed by the administration of activated medical charcoal.

In the event that a large quantity of the plant was consumed, it is essential that you seek veterinary care immediately, since emergency medical procedures may need to be undertaken. Treatment for ingestion of plants containing solanine is going to be symptomatic and supportive until the clinical signs wear off; generally in a day or two, in some cases longer. Death is rare due to the fact that animals will rarely ingest a fatal quantity due to the non palatability of the plant. In cases of severe vomiting and diarrhea, iv fluids may be required to keep the pet from dehydrating and to maintain electrolyte balance Species Affected: What is a Jerusalem Cherry? (with pictures) What is a Jerusalem Cherry? Last Modified Date: 11 January 2017 Copyright Protected: Top 10 facts about the world A Jerusalem Cherry is a type of perennial plant with poisonous fruit. Also known as Solanum pseudocapsicum, it is a nightshade species originally native to Peru. It's often kept as a common houseplant, and is so wide-spread in Australia it's considered an invasive weed. It has red, poisonous fruit that both looks and tastes similar to cherry tomatoes and is often confused with them.

However, eating the fruit from this plant is rarely life-threatening to humans and will likely just cause vomiting and gastroenteritis. It can also cause diarrhea, drowsiness, and headache. In extremely rare cases, eating the fruit can result in delirium, hallucinations and even coma. Ingesting enough of it could be fatal to dogs, cats and birds that are kept as pets, such as parrots. The Jerusalem Cherry is also referred to as the Madeira Winter Cherry, the winter cherry, and False Jerusalem Cherry (Solanum capsicastrum). Jerusalem Cherry and False Jerusalem Cherry were once recognized as two separate plants, with the False version being slightly smaller in size and having foliage with a grey tint to it. The two plants are generally now referred to as the same thing in most gardening and plant books. The plants can live up to 10 years but don't produce their poisonous fruit until year two or three. After it blooms once, it typically produces every year thereafter. Small white flowers are the first sign that the plant is beginning to bloom in the midsummer. The flowers are followed by the cherry tomato -like fruits. These start off green, then turn yellow, orange and red.

The Jerusalem Cherry likes full sunlight but can tolerate partal or light shade if necessary. It needs a warmer climate and prefers to be kept outside year-round. Jerusalem Cherry plants are susceptible to powdery mildew, root rot, leaf rot, southern blight, leaf spot and crown rot, among other diseases. The name is a misnomer, as the plant does not bear real cherries and is not native to Jerusalem or the area. One theory as to the origins of its name is that a gardener brought back the seeds or plants from someone's private garden in Jerusalem and simply attached the country's name to the plant without researching its true native land. Several other plants with the Jerusalem name also have little to do with the country itself. One authority hypothesises that Jerusalem is a substitute for a foreign or exotic country when the plant's namer doesn't have a background to attribute to the plant. Ad Solanum. | Henriette's Herbal Homepage Henriette's Herbal Homepage Welcome to the bark side. Search form Solanum virginianum Solanum.—The genus Solanum contains a number of species which are possessed of active physiological properties and some of which have been used to a considerable extent in medicine. S.

carolinense L. Horse Nettle. Sand Brier. Poisonous Potato. Apple of Sodom.—Under the name of Solanum the N. F. IV has made the berries of S. carolinense official and has introduced fluid-extract of solanum made with a menstruum of two volumes of alcohol and one volume of water. "The air-dried ripe fruit of Solanum carolinense Linné (fam. Solanaceae)." N. F. IV. "Globose, slightly depressed, somewhat shriveled and wrinkled in drying, from 0.8 to 2 cm. in diameter, orange-yellow, glabrous, fleshy, two-celled, many-seeded, calyx and pedicel usually persistent; calyx stellate pubescent, deeply five-lobed, the lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate and enclosing half or more of the berry; seeds orbicular, flat, yellow, smooth, shining. Odor pepper-like; taste bitter and acrid. "Solanum yields not more than 6 per cent. of ash." N. F. IV.

This is a coarse perennial weed growing in waste sandy ground in the United States as far west as Iowa and as far south as Florida, and yields an orange-yellow berry which is said to be the most active part of the plant. For study of microscopic structure, see A. J. P., vol. lxix. It has been examined by G. A. Krauss (A. J. P., 1890, 601, and 1891, 65 and 216) and Harry Kahn (A. J. P., 1891, 126). Krauss found two active principles corresponding probably to solanine, C42H75NO15, and solanidine, C41H71NO2, together with a characteristic organic acid to which he gives the name solanic acid. J. U. Lloyd believes that the alkaloid in this plant is not identical with solanine, and proposes to call it solnine. (A. J. P., 1894, 61, and 1897, 76, 89, 108.) E. Q.

Thornton (T. G; xii, 1896) finds that in frogs this solanum produces stupor with tetanic spasms, not prevented by section of the cord. It is said to have long been used by the negroes of the South in the treatment of the so-called falling sickness, and in 1889 it was recommended by J. L. Napier as of value in epilepsy. H. C. Wood has found that, although when given by itself its usefulness is very limited, as an adjuvant to the bromides it lessens the size of the doses necessary to keep the convulsions in check. Not less than a fluidrachm (3.75 mils) of the fluidextract should be given three times a day. No unpleasant effects have been produced by it. The N. F. recognizes a fluidextract. S. aculeatissimum Jacq., known as Apple of Sodom, is indigenous to Brazil; the fruit yields traces of solanine. S. bacciferum Ort., of Jamaica, yields the so-called Susumber berries, which are habitually used as fruit by the natives, but Manners has recorded in the Ed. M.

J., 1867, fatal poisoning by these berries, death being preceded by dilated pupils and collapse. It is probable, however, that the berries were not true susumber berries but were the product of some other species of solanum. S. Chenopodinum, F. Muell..In this plant, which is a native of Queensland, C. E. Sage has found the alkaloid solanine. According to E. B. Ormerod the plant is useful in the treatment of dysentery. (P. J., lxviii, 1902.) Under the English title Bittersweet the N. F. IV recognizes "The dried stems and branches of Solanum Dulcamara Linné (Fam. Solanaceae)." N. F. The Latin title is Dulcamara, the synonyms Stipites Dulcamarae, Tiges de Douceamere (de Morelle grimpante), Douce amere, Fr. Bittersüss, Bittersüss-Stengel, Alpranken, G. Dulcamara.

Dulcamara is a climbing shrub with a woody branching stem and purplish, cymose flowers, with lemon-yellow anthers. The bright scarlet berries remain after the falling of the leaves. The plant grows in wet places and around dwellings and is common to Europe and North America, and in the United States grows from New England to Ohio. All portions of the plant are very active. Fatal results from the eating of the berries by a child have been recorded. (P. J,, 1861.) For medicinal purposes the plant should be gathered in the autumn after the fall of the leaf, and the extreme twigs should be selected. That grown in high and dry situations is said to be the best. It is described in the N. F. as "In short sections about 5 mm. or less in thickness, cylindraceous, somewhat angular, longitudinally striate, more or less warty, usually hollow in the center; bark thin, externally pale greenish, or light greenish-brown, glabrous, marked with alternate leaf scars, internally green, the greenish or yellowish wood occurring in one or two concentric rings. Odor slight; taste bitter, afterwards sweet.

"The powder is greenish-yellow and, when examined under the microscope, exhibits tracheae up to 0.05 mm. in diameter and with bordered pores; lignified wood fibers with few pores; non-lignified bast fibers with walls up to 0.02 mm. in thickness; fragments of cork cells; few, simple, unicellular hairs up to 0.8 mm. in length, and with the lumina distinct in the lower portions only; few starch grains, spheroidal, up to 0.012 mm. in diameter; sphenoidal crystals of calcium oxalate numerous, up to 0.007 mm. in length. "Bittersweet yields not more than 6 per cent. of ash." y. F. IV. The dried twigs are inodorous, though the stalk in the recent state emits, when bruised, a peculiar, rather nauseous odor. Their taste, which is at first bitter and afterwards sweetish, have given origin to the name of the plant. Boiling water extracts all their virtues. These are supposed to depend, at least in part, upon the alkaloid solanine.

Wittstein (1852) supposed another alkaloid, dulcamarine, to be present, but Geissler (1875) showed that this substance was a glucoside, and not an alkaloid, yielding on decomposition with dilute acids dulcamaretin and sugar. He assigned the formula C22H34O10 to dulcamarine, and C16H26O6 to dulcamaretin. (Flückiger, Pharmacographia, 2d ed., p. 451.) Besides solanine, the stalks of S. Dulcamara contain, according to Pfaff, a peculiar principle to which he gave the name of picroglycion, indicative of the taste, at once bitter and sweet, which it is said to possess. This was obtained by Blitz, in the following manner: The aqueous extract was treated with alcohol, the tincture evaporated, the residue dissolved in water, the solution precipitated with lead subacetate, the excess of this salt-decomposed by hydrogen sulphide, the liquor then evaporated to dryness, and the residue treated with acetic ether, which yielded the principle in small isolated crystals by spontaneous evaporation.

Frederick Davis (Y. B. P., 1902) found the two alkaloids, solanine and solanidine, the glucoside solanein, and the bitter principle dulcamarin, in fresh specimens of the plant. Dulcamara possesses feeble narcotic properties, with the power of increasing the secretions, particularly those of the kidneys and skin. George B. Wood observed, when the system was under its influence, a dark purplish color of the face and hands, and at the same time considerable languor of the circulation. In overdoses it produces nausea, vomiting, faintness, vertigo, and convulsive muscular movements. (London Med. Gaz., 1850.) Anaphrodisiac properties have been attributed to dulcamara, and it has also been employed with alleged benefit in chronic rheumatism. But its chief use has been in the treatment of scaly cutaneous eruptions, such as lepra, psoriasis, and pityriasis. A fluidextract is official in the N. F. Dulcamara may be given in doses of from thirty grains to a drachm. (2-3.9 Gm.). D.

Freire has obtained from the fruit of S. grandiflorum, or wolf fruit, of Brazil, a toxic alkaloid, grandiflorine. (C. R. A. S., cv.) S. Jacquinii Willd. is used in India as a diaphoretic and expectorant. S. Lycopersicum L. Tomato Plant (formerly termed the Love Apple).—The tomato is believed by many practitioners to be an injurious article of diet to gouty persons on account of the great acidity of the juice, an acidity which T. D. McElhenie has demonstrated to be due at least in part to citric, malic, and oxalic acids. (A. J. P., 1872.) Solanine is said not to be present in the juice but has been found by George W. Kennedy (P. J., 1873) in the herbaceous part of the plant. It probably also exists in the seeds. (A. J. P., xxxiv.) S. nigrum L. Black, or Garden, or Common Nightshade. Duscle. Hound's Berry.

Morelle.— Tills is a simple leaved annual plant, growing widely in shaded and rich open ground throughout the United States. The leaves have been used in medicine in the treatment of scrofulous dyscrasias, and are said to produce diaphoresis when in overdose; also nausea, purging, and nervous disturbance. The poisonous properties commonly attributed to this plant are, however, to be doubted, since Dunal of Montpellier, states, as the result of numerous experiments, that the berries are not poisonous to man or the inferior animals; and the leaves are said to be consumed in large quantities in the Isles of France and Bourbon and in the Hawaiian Islands by the natives as food, having been previously boiled in water. In the latter case the active principle of the plant may have been extracted by decoction. Introduced by importers under the name of juruteba, this plant was examined by Kobert and found to be inert. According to Peckoldt, however (Ph. Rund., 1889), true jurubeba is Solanum insidiosum Mart., from which the results would have been more favorable. It is used in Brazil in gonorrhea and syphilis. S.

Pseudocapsicum L., or Jerusalem or Winter Cherry, a plant cultivated for greenhouse or house decoration when covered with its bright colored berries, yields a fruit whose resemblance to the common cherry is said to have led to its being eaten by children with fatal results. S. rostratum Dunal. Sand Bur. Buffalo Bur. Beaked Nightshade. Bull Nettle.—This very prickly plant, which grows on the prairies from Nebraska to Mexico, and is noteworthy as having been the original food of the Colorado beetle or potato bug, has. yielded to W. S. Amos an alkaloid. (Notes on N. R., iv.) Narcotic properties have been attributed to the leaves, stalks and unripe berries of S. tuberosum L., or common white potato, and the extract has been used in various diseases. Worsham, of Philadelphia, found the extract, in the quantity of nearly one hundred grains, to cause no sensible effect. (Phila. Journ. of the Med. and Phys. Sciences, vi, 22.) A case is recorded of death in a girl of fourteen, from eating the unripe fruit of the potato. (B. M.

J., Sept. 3, 1859.) The prominent symptoms were partial stupor, speechlessness, jactitation, hurried breathing, lividness of the skin, cold sweats, very frequent and feeble pulse, and a constant spitting through the closed teeth of viscid frothy phlegm. It is probable that the properties of the plant vary with the stage of growth, or with the place and circumstances of culture. C. Haaf found solanine in old potatoes which had begun to germinate, in the proportion of 0.16 in 500 parts, and in very young potatoes, deprived of their coating, precisely the same quantity. Fully ripe potatoes, which had not begun to sprout, gave a negative result. (N. R. Pharm., 1864, p. 559.) Solanine has also been found in the germs of potatoes by Schmiedeberg. (A. E. P. P., 1899, xxxvi, 361.)

Question: The Solanum Pseudocapsicum plant, called winter cherry and Jerusalem cherry, is noted for being very?
Answer: Poisonous