World’s first parking meter installed - Jul 16, 1935 - HISTORY.com World’s first parking meter installed Share this: World’s first parking meter installed Author World’s first parking meter installed URL Publisher A+E Networks The world’s first parking meter, known as Park-O-Meter No. 1, is installed on the southeast corner of what was then First Street and Robinson Avenue in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on this day in 1935. The parking meter was the brainchild of a man named Carl C. Magee, who moved to Oklahoma City from New Mexico in 1927. Magee had a colorful past: As a reporter for an Albuquerque newspaper, he had played a pivotal role in uncovering the so-called Teapot Dome Scandal (named for the Teapot Dome oil field in Wyoming), in which Albert B. Fall, then-secretary of the interior, was convicted of renting government lands to oil companies in return for personal loans and gifts. He also wrote a series of articles exposing corruption in the New Mexico court system, and was tried and acquitted of manslaughter after he shot at one of the judges targeted in the series during an altercation at a Las Vegas hotel.

By the time Magee came to Oklahoma City to start a newspaper, the Oklahoma News, his new hometown shared a common problem with many of America’s urban areas–a lack of sufficient parking space for the rapidly increasingly number of automobiles crowding into the downtown business district each day. Asked to find a solution to the problem, Magee came up with the Park-o-Meter. The first working model went on public display in early May 1935, inspiring immediate debate over the pros and cons of coin-regulated parking. Indignant opponents of the meters considered paying for parking un-American, as it forced drivers to pay what amounted to a tax on their cars, depriving them of their money without due process of law. Despite such opposition, the first meters were installed by the Dual Parking Meter Company beginning in July 1935; they cost a nickel an hour, and were placed at 20-foot intervals along the curb that corresponded to spaces painted on the pavement. Magee’s invention caught on quickly: Retailers loved the meters, as they encouraged a quick turnover of cars–and potential customers–and drivers were forced to accept them as a practical necessity for regulating parking.

By the early 1940s, there were more than 140,000 parking meters operating in the United States. Today, Park-O-Meter No. 1 is on display in the Statehood Gallery of the Oklahoma Historical Society. Related Videos First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 | theexpiredmeter.com First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 July 16, 2008 Parking Meter Today, in 1935, the very first parking meter was installed at the corner of First Street and Robinson Avenue, in downtown Oklahoma City, OK Carlton Cole “Carl” Magee, attorney and newspaper editor was the fiendish, evil, bastard genius who invented this motorist tormenting device 73 years ago. As the story goes Magee, came up with the idea shortly after he was named Chairman of the Oklahoma City’s Chamber of Commerce Traffic Committee in 1933. In his quest to design a working parking meter, he sought the help of Gerald A. Hale and Professor H.G. Thuesen over at Oklahoma State University, whom assisted Magee in making his idea a reality.

According to an article by Bonnie Loyd, in the Spring, 1988 edition of Whole Earth Review: By the 1930s automobiles were flooding America, and parking was first becoming a problem. Downtown merchants worried because business suffered when parking spots were clogged with the same cars all day long. Carl Magee, an Oklahoma newspaperman with a checkered past, thought up a solution — a coin-operated timer — but he didn’t know how to make it work. Two professors at Oklahoma State University (Prof. H.G. Thueson and Gerald A.Hale–ed. geek) listened to Magee’s idea and developed an operating model. The first 150 parking meters were installed in downtown Oklahoma City on 16 July 1935 (allegedly installed them under the cover of darkness!–ed. geek). The meters charged a nickel an hour. They were not a hit. Many citizens were outraged. They claimed it was un-American to pay for parking, and some initiated court actions to remove the meters. The battle attracted national attention, but the meters stayed.

According to accounts Oklahoma City paid a whopping $23 per parking meter to the Dual Parking Meter Company–the company Magee founded to manufacture parking meters. It was named “Dual” because, as the story goes, the meters served two purposes, one for controlling parking and two, for revenue generation. By 1951, just 16 years later, one million parking meters dotted the American scene. Magee died in Tulsa, OK in 1946. However, his infernal invention, unfortunately, lives on. Magee’s meter No. 1 currently resides within a glass case in the State Museum of History in Oklahoma City. GEEK NOTE: Some accounts list July 14th or 15th as this red letter day in American history. However, most records, including the Oklahoma History Center , have it listed as July 16th. 10 Responses to First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 Parking factoids: What Shore town first used meters? Parking factoids: What Shore town first used meters? How much did it cost to park in 1940? Post to Facebook Parking factoids: What Shore town first used meters?

How much did it cost to park in 1940? Check out this story on app.com: CancelSend A link has been sent to your friend's email address. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. 2 Parking factoids: What Shore town first used meters? Dan Radel , @DanielRadelAPP 7:24 p.m. EDT May 31, 2016 x Share Parking during the summer takes some planning. Follow this rule and you'll always get a spot. Wochit Buy Photo Meghan Boyle of Colts Neck pays for parking with her 2-year-old daughter, Annabelle D'Agostino, at a parking pay station on Ocean Avenue in Asbury Park, NJ Wednesday May 25, 2016. (Photo: Tanya Breen/staff photographer)Buy Photo Story Highlights 1940: Asbury Park installs first parking meters in Monmouth/Ocean counties 5 cents an hour: how much it cost to park in 1940 After Memorial Day weekend, parking at Jersey Shore beach towns becomes a premium. An all-too-familiar site is drivers circling the blocks like seagulls looking for a spot to open up.

While the musical chairs parking scenario may be familiar, parking regulations from town to town vary. Charging for parking allows some beach towns to cash in on this revenue source. Meters also keep the line moving in towns with lots of beachfront businesses that want a turnover on the parking spots. But there are beach municipalities unswayed by the lure of dollars that have kept their beach parking streets free. Others attempt to reduce the influx of beach goers with restrictive parking measures. "Parking is a huge issue. There's always somebody not happy... It gets emotional," said Mayor Adam Schneider of Long Branch. With beach season upon us, here are eight things to know about parking. 1. Where do your parking dollars go? Towns that charge for parking either allocate the funds to a parking utility or add it as a separate revenue line item in their budget. Unlike beach badge collections that must be spent on the beach on things like lifeguard salaries and sand grooming, parking collections can go into the current fund where it can be used to offset taxpayer costs on any number of town expenses. 2. How much revenue is generated? Some towns rake in millions of dollars from their parking meters and paid lots.

Asbury Park brought in $3 million and change in 2015. The city, however, charges for parking on many streets year-round and not just at the beachfront. More typical is a town like Belmar, which brought in $285,000 last season. The town only charges on meters located on the east side of Ocean Avenue and then only seasonally. MORE: 2016 Jersey Shore Summer Guide 3. Who started parking meters in the first place? The first parking meter in the United States was installed July 13, 1935, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was called the Park-O-Meter No.1, and Carl C. Magee, a lawyer and newspaper reporter, earned the patent. It was coin operated and charged a nickel per hour. As automobiles became affordable, downtown business districts weren't equipped to handle the flood of cars looking for a place to park, and the parking meter came to be a means to regulate it. 4. Which Monmouth/Ocean county beach town first had meters? Asbury Park was the first locale to use parking meters.

In March 1940, the city installed 1,700 coin-operated parking meters in two-meter districts: business and theater/beachfront. The meters operated from 8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. Time cost just mere pennies. 12 minutes: 1¢; 24 minutes: 2 cents; 60 minutes: 5 cents and 120 minutes: 10 cents. The meters were not to go into effect until April 10, 1940, however, motorists ignorant of that fact dropped coins into the meters beforehand and were not given a reimbursement when they brought their complaints to the city manager’s office. 5. How much can you expect to pay this summer? There is no uniform cost, but towns are very similar. Seaside Heights' meter rates, for example, are common; their rate is $1 to $2 an hour, depending on the location. Towns that have paid parking lots usually charge more on the weekends. Long Branch, for example, charges $5 for all-day parking Monday through Thursday and $10 Friday through Sunday. 6. Where can you park for free?

A little less than half the beach towns do not have paid parking lots or meters anywhere on their streets. Not including Sandy Hook Gateway National Recreation Area and Island Beach State Park — which both charge — 13 out of 31 beach towns in Monmouth and Ocean County do not charge for parking. Even where parking is free drivers still need be mindful of local parking laws. For example, some streets do not allow parking or allow it on one side only. And of course, keep an eye out for 15 minute only parking spaces, where fines can be double. MORE: The Jersey Shore’s top 5 summer songs of all time 7. Fines. Fines. Fines. Speaking of fines, the standard penalty for expired meter parking in Asbury Park, for example, is $36. The penalty for expired meter parking in fifteen-minute zones in the city is $55. Of course, all towns have penalties for illegal parking. Some towns will slap a fine of up to $250 for breaking parking rules, which include tampering with meters. 8. The early bird gets the worm It should go without saying, but getting to the beach early, before 9 a.m., will almost ensure a beachfront parking spot.

Likewise in the evening hours, after the beaches close parking spots begin to be relinquished. BY THE NUMBERS: 1940: Parking Meter Cost: 5¢ an hour 2016: Parking Meter Cost: $1 an hour Dan Radel: 732-643-4072; dradel@gannettnj.com 12 CONNECT TWEET 2 LINKEDIN 2 COMMENTEMAILMORE Read or Share this story: TOP VIDEOS The first coin-operated parking meter was installed in 1935 in Oklahoma City, US. | 77Facts.com Home / History / The first coin-operated parking meter was installed in 1935 in Oklahoma City, US. The first coin-operated parking meter was installed in 1935 in Oklahoma City, US. VN:F [1.9.22_1171] Rating: 0 (from 0 votes) 334 views Related Items Your email address will not be published.

Required fields are marked * Name * Website Comment You may use these HTML tags and attributes: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <strike> <strong> Get an Awesome Fact Daily Email Address Parking Meter History - Parking Meters Parking Meters State of Art Parking Meter History First of all, a disclaimer: I don't profess to know every detail of parking meter history, but I have a better than average knowledge, and I'd like to share some milestones in the development of parking meters. A lot of what I know, I gleaned from conversations with my father, the late Ronald B. Luttrell Sr, who loved to talk about his work in the industry. I've intentionally avoided exact dates where I'm not sure of them, and I've tried not to editorialize too much, or to show any undue favoritism toward a particular manufacturer. The purpose of The Parking Meter Page is not to advertise for or promote specific brands of parking meters, but rather to inform the reader about the industry as a whole. To that end, I present this short history.

Although it is sometimes disputed, Carl C. Magee, of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, is generally credited with originating the parking meter. He filed for a patent for a "coin controlled parking meter" May 13, 1935. The patent, #2,118,318, was issued May 24, 1938. The world's first installed parking meter was in Oklahoma City, on July 16, 1935. Mr. Magee had been appointed to the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce traffic committee, and was assigned the task of solving the parking problems in downtown Oklahoma City. Apparently, folks who worked in the area were parking on downtown streets, staying all day, and leaving few spaces for shoppers and others who visited the central business district. Magee's solution was to install parking meters, charge for the use of the parking spaces, and turn over those spaces that would otherwise have been filled by all day parkers. In addition, the parking meters would generate revenue for a growing city. It must have worked, as the idea of metered parking eventually caught on worldwide.

From that early beginning, the use of parking meters by municipalities, colleges and universities, and private parking facilities has increased to the point that today, in the United States alone, there are an estimated five million parking meters in use. Based on this number, if every parking meter collected only 25 cents per day, the gross revenues generated by parking meters in the U.S.for one day would be a staggering 1.25 million dollars ($1,250,000). Although Magee's mission was to solve parking problems, it is evident from his patent application that generating revenue was an important issue from the beginning. In the application, he stated that his invention related to "meters for measuring the time of occupancy or use of parking or other space, for the use of which it is desirous an incidental charge be made upon a time basis." Some may argue whether or not 1.25 million dollars a day are "incidental." Of course, I have no idea how much money parking meters actually collect in a day's time, so that number may be meaningless; it could be lower, or it could be much higher.

Suffice it to say that there is a lot of money being stuffed into parking meters every day. Mr. Magee probably had no inkling of the scale to which his invention would eventually be applied. The early parking meters were totally mechanical (as are many even today). The meters were powered by a clock-type mainspring, which required periodic winding. There were two general approaches to accomplishing this: some meters were automatic, and some weremanual. With an automatic meter, the patron merely inserts the required coin and the clockworks move the "time remaining" indicator to the appropriate location, and start the timing mechanism. While this is convenient for the patron, it requires parking meter maintenance personnel to periodically walk the streets winding parking meters. In a manual meter, winding is accomplished by the patron turning a handle after a coin is inserted. Since the meter only needs to run long enough for the current patron's time to expire (a few hours, at most), the mainspring can be made smaller and runs down much faster. In addition, the employees' hours required to wind parking meters can be eliminated which, in turn, reduces overhead costs and increases the net revenues to the meter owner. Thank you very much, John Q.

Public, for winding our meters for us. The first parking meters were manufactured by the Magee-Hale Park-O-Meter company. But they didn't get to keep the market all to themselves forever; parking meters were manufactured by others as well. Some of those manufacturers were Dual, Mark-Time, and Duncan-Miller. Of today's parking meter manufacturers, the ones with the longest bloodlines are probably POM, Inc., descendants of Magee's company, and Duncan Industries, of Duncan-Miller ancestry. As parking meters became more and more common, it was a certainty that the criminal element would eventually discover that each one of those meters could contain a somewhat respectable amount of money, albeit all in small change. It was relatively easy to break into a parking meter and help oneself to its contents. Parking meter burglaries were fairly regular occurrences almost everywhere meters were installed. This lead to security improvements by the manufacturers, and by the mid 1960's most meters were available with armored coin boxes. Although many cities were able to reduce their personnel costs by using manual parking meters, the money still had to be collected from the meters on a regular basis, and this too required manpower. So did installing posts upon which to mount the meters.

Occasionally those posts got hit by a car, and had to be straightened or replaced. And for every metered parking space, there were one post and one meter. Once again the manufacturers came up with a way to reduce their customers' costs, and thus further improve their revenues. Enter the dual head parking meter. Except for some end spaces on a block, the number of posts and meters could be cut in half. This served to reduce labor costs in several ways. First, the number of posts and parking meters that had to be installed was reduced. Second, the number of targets for wayward vehicles was reduced, and thus the number of potential "knock downs." And third, each dual head meter served two spaces but had only one coin box from which to collect, which reduced the time required to collect the money. A bonus was that cutting the number of parking meters and posts in half greatly reduced the amount of sidewalk clutter, which made everyone happy. All the above information was taking from Ronald B. Luttrell II's website located at ~luttrell/history.html I met this guy over the internet years ago when he was creating this website. He had told me he was doing it in his father's memory.

He then passed on in 2000. Create a free website Traffic lights in use before there were motorcars Home » vehicles » Traffic lights in use before there were motorcars Traffic lights in use before there were motorcars Traffic lights were used before the advent of the motorcar. In 1868, British railroad signal engineer J P Knight invented the first traffic light, a lantern with red and green signals. It was installed at the intersection of George and Bridge Streets in front of the the British House of Commons to control the flow of horse buggies and pedestrians. Motorcars were introduced to the US in the late 1890s and the need for traffic control soon became obvious. A number of people came up with ideas for traffic control. In 1910, Earnest Sirrine of Chicago, Illinois filed for a patent (no 976,939) for what is considered the first automatic street traffic system, using non illuminated words STOP and PROCEED. In 1912, Lester Wire of Salt Lake City, Utah invented an electric traffic light that used red and green lights. However, he did not apply for a patent.

The next year, James Hoge received patent no 1,251,666 for a manually controlled traffic light system using electric lights. It was installed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1914, displaying the words STOP and MOVE. The first traffic light system to use red and green lights were patented by William Ghiglieri of San Francisco, California in 1917 (patented no 1,224,632). His design could be operated manually or in automatic. The amber light was added in 1920 by William Potts, a Detroit policeman. He actually invented several traffic light systems, including the overhang four-way system, but did not apply for patents. The first person to apply for a patent to produce inexpensive traffic lights was Garrett Morgan, who received his patent in 1923. Parking Meter The credit for taking all your parking credits goes to Carlton Cole Magee who invented the first parking meter in 1932, receiving a patent (no 2,118,318) for it in 1935.

His Magee-Hale Park-O-Meter Company installed the first meter in Oklahoma City in 1935 and still produces most of the parking meters in the United States. Don’t Walk The first Don’t Walk signs were installed in New York City on 5 February 1952. Red remained the preferred color for warning signs because red elevates the blood pressure, heightening nervous tension, therefore the most likely color to attract attention. Yellow is used in signs aimed at vehicle traffic because it is the most visible color in the spectrum and can be seen from the farthest distance. Parking meter - 必应 Sign in Parking meter Parking meters installed by municipalities are considered legal if the parking meters are used for purposes of parking regulation and not for revenue purposes.[citation needed] In a 1937 case in Oklahoma, H.E. Duncan contended that the ordinances impose a fee for the free use of the streets, which is a right of all citizens of the state granted by state law.

The Courts ruled that free use of the streets is not an absolute right, but agreed with an unpublished[citation needed] 1936 Florida court decision that said, "If it had been shown that the streets on which parking meters have been installed under this ordinance are not streets where the traffic is sufficiently heavy to require any parking regulations ... (展开) of this sort, or that the city was making inordinate and unjustified profits by means of the parking meters, and was resorting to their use not for regulatory purposes but for revenue only, there might have been a different judgment." One of the first parking meter tickets resulted in the first court challenge to metered parking enforcement. Rev. C.H. North of Oklahoma's City's Third Pentecostal Holiness Church had his citation dismissed when he claimed he had gone to a grocery store to get change for the meter. The North Carolina Supreme Court judged that a city could not pledge on-street parking meter fee proceeds as security for bonds issued to build off-street parking decks. The court said, "Streets of a municipality are provided for public use.

A city board has no valid authority to rent, lease or let a parking space on the streets to an individual motorist 'for a fee' or to charge a rate or toll therefor. Much less may it lease or let the whole system of on-street parking meters for operation by a private corporation or individual." A 2009 lawsuit filed by the Independent Voters of Illinois -Independent Precinct Organization (IVI-IPO) claimed the City of Chicago ’s 2008 concession agreement for the operation of its parking meters to a private company violated state law. In November 2010, portions of the suit were thrown out by the Cook County Circuit Court, including the claim that the city was using public funds unlawfully to enforce parking regulations after it was decided by the presiding judge that the city retained its ability to write tickets and enforce parking laws. However, the judge allowed other parts of the suit to stand, including an accusation that the city unlawfully conceded some of its policing power and its ability to set parking and traffic policy to the private company in the concession agreement.

As of January 2011, the suit remained active, with the City of Chicago maintaining that the city retains all policing power, maintains responsibility for traffic management, and, through the concession agreement, retains control over rates. Who came up with the idea for the 'parking meter' for donations i... 答 The concept has been around for at least a few years, in many different cities in the U.S., Canada, and other countries. meter or lot是什么意思？停车是不同计费方式吗？ 答 parking meter(also meter) 是停车收费器parking lot 是停车场-meter可构成复合词,表示什么器，什么计，什么仪，e.g.speedmeter 速度计 altimeter测高仪lot在这里是名词，表示“一块地”,而parking lot是一个很常见的词语，译为“停车场”，通常我们在街上看到的“P”的标志就是... CDMA 1x 无线模块的应用中有上面这句话。 请问其中文含义是什么？ 谢谢。 答 Parking meter History An early patent for a parking meter, US patent, was filed by Roger W. Babson, on August 30, 1928.

The meter was intended to operate on power from the battery of the parking vehicle and required a connection from the vehicle to the meter. Holger George Thuesen and Gerald A. Hale designed the first working parking meter, the Black Maria, in 1935. The History Channel's... History's Lost and Found documents their success in developing the first working parking meter. Thuesen and Hale were engineering professors at Oklahoma State and began working on the parking meter in 1933 at the request of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma lawyer and newspaper publisher Carl C. Magee. The world's first installed parking meter was in Oklahoma City on July 16, 1935. Magee received a patent for the apparatus on 24 May 1938. Industrial production started in 1936 and expanded until the mid-1980s. The first models were based on a coin acceptor, a dial to engage the mechanism and a visible pointer and flag to indicate expiration of paid period.

This configuration lasted for more than 40 years, with only a few changes in the exterior design, such as a double-headed design (to cover two adjacent parking spaces), and the incorporation of new materials and production techniques. M.H. Rhodes Inc. of Hartford, Connecticut started making meters for Mark-Time Parking Meter Company of Miami, where the first Rhodes meters were installed in 1936. These were different from the Magee design because only the driver's action of turning a handle was necessary to keep the spring wound, while Magee's meters needed a serviceman to wind the spring occasionally. Upon insertion of coins into a currency detector slot or swiping a credit card or smartcard into a slot, and turning a handle (or pressing a key), a timer is initiated within the meter. Some locations now allow payment by mobile phone (to remotely record payments for subsequent checking and enforcement). A dial or display on the meter indicates the time remaining. In many cities, all parking meters are designed to use only one type of coin. Use of other coins will fail to register, and the meter may cease to function altogether. For example, in Hackensack, New Jersey all parking meters are designed for quarters only.

In 1960, New York City hired its first crew of "meter maids"; all were women. It was not until 1967 that the first man was hired. In the mid-1980s, a digital version was introduced, replacing the mechanical parts with electronic components: boards, keyboards and displays. This allowed more flexibility to the meter, as an EEPROM chip can be reconfigured more easily than corresponding mechanical components. By the beginning of the 1990s, millions of parking meter units had been sold around the world, but the market was already looking into new solutions, like the collective pay and display machines and new forms of payment that appeared along with electronic money and communication technologies. Fully electrical See also: Pay by phone parking More modern parking meters are generically called multispace meters (as opposed to single space meters) and control multiple spaces per block (typically 8-12) or lot (unlimited). While with these meters the parker may have to walk several car lengths to the meter, there are significant benefits in terms of customer service, performance and efficiency.

Multispace meters incorporate more customer-friendly features such as on-screen instructions and acceptance of credit cards for payment—no longer do drivers have to have pockets full of coins. While they still may be prone to coin jams and other types of vandalism, most of these meters are wireless and can report problems immediately to maintenance staff, who can then fix the meters so that they are not out of service for very long. With pay by space meters, the driver parks in a space, goes to the meter and enters the space number and makes payment. The meter memorizes the time remaining, and enforcement personnel press the bay buttons to check for violations. Other advances with parking meters include vehicle detection technology, which allows the pay by space meters to know when there is a car parked in a space. This opens the door for benefits for parking managers, including providing way-finding (directing drivers to unoccupied spaces via the web or via street signs), enabling remote violation detection, and gathering vital statistics about parking supply and demand. Some meters allow payment for additional time by phone, and notify drivers when they are about to expire.

Parking meters in Santa Monica use vehicle detectors to prevent drivers from "feeding the meter" indefinitely, and to delete remaining time when a car departs so the next car cannot take any time without paying. Meters in Madrid give discounted and free parking to drivers of hybrid and electric vehicles, respectively. Drivers can reserve meters spots in Los Angeles by cellphone. Another advancement with parking meters are the new solar-powered meters that accept credit cards and still coins as well. They were installed in Los Angeles in 2010, and Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa stated “the city’s Department of Transportation had projected the 10,000 Coin & Card parking meters installed over the last six months would generate 1-1.5 million in revenue each year”. These parking meters replace the top of the meter, but use the existing pole, and use solar power, which can help with sending technicians a wireless signal when in need for repair. These credit card machines accept Visa, MasterCard, and American Express, and can vary at different locations.

DDOT (the District of Columbia Department of Transportation) states that this new parking meter will provide: “better return on tax payer’s investment, a variety of options, reduced maintenance, a variety of easy payment options, and increased reliability”. New digital meters now account for all of New York City's 62,000 single-space parking meters, which are more accurate and more difficult to break into. New York City retired its last spring-loaded, single-space, mechanical parking meter – which was located at West 10th Street and Surf Avenue in Coney Island – on December 20, 2006. “The world changes. Just as the [subway] token went, now the manual meter has gone,” said Iris Weinshall, the city’s transportation commissioner, at a small ceremony marking the occasion, the New York Times reported. Security issues Parking meters are exposed to the elements and to vandals so protection of the device and its cash contents is a priority. The meters are frequently targeted in areas where parking regulations and enforcement are widely perceived to be unfair and predatory.[citation needed] Some cities have learned the hard way that these machines must be upgraded regularly, essentially playing an arms race with vandals.

In Berkeley, California, the cut-off remains of meter poles were a common sight during the late 1990s, and parking was largely free throughout the city until the city government installed digital parking meters with heavier poles in 2000 (which were eventually vandalized as well). Parking meter Alternatives In the US states of Texas, Maryland, California, Massachusetts, Utah, Virginia, and the whole of the European Union (except many private car parks in the UK and possibly elsewhere), holders of a Disabled parking permit are exempt from parking meter fees. In some other states handicapped parking meters exist, which not only must be paid at the same rate as regular meters, but one will also be subject to receiving a violation ticket if a valid handicap license plate or placard is not displayed on the vehicle. Some cities have gone to a device called a Parkulator, in which the users purchase a display device, usually for $5 or $10, then load it with as much time as they care to purchase. They then activate the device when they park at a location, and place the display device on their dashboard so it is visible from the front windshield. The device counts down the time remaining on the device while it remains activated.

When they return, then the clock stops running, and the person does not overpay for time unused. In the UK, it is now possible to park and pay with credit or debit card through a dedicated telephone service. Civil Enforcement Officers that patrol the parking area are automatically informed through their handheld devices. In-vehicle parking meters Main article: In-Vehicle Parking Meter An In-Vehicle Parking Meter (IVPM) (also known as in-vehicle personal meter, in-car parking meter, or personal parking meter) is a handheld electronic device, the size of a pocket calculator, that drivers display in their car windows either as a parking permit or as proof of parking payment. Implementation of IVPM began in the late 1980s in Arlington, VA, and is spreading to campuses and municipalities worldwide as a centralized method of parking management, revenue collection, and compliance enforcement. There have since been similar adaptations including the Comet and SmartPark by Ganis Systems, EasyPark by Parx (a subsidiary of On Track Innovations), ParkMagic by ParkMagic Ireland, iPark by Epark, and AutoParq by Duncan Industries. Another technology offers the possibility of reloading money (parking time) to the device via a secure Internet site.

^ Chan, Sewell. "New York Retires Last Mechanical Parking Meter." The New York Times. 20 December 2006 ^ "Inglewood Website - News Details". Cityofinglewood.org. Retrieved 19 August 2013. ^ "Park-O-Meter". Pom.com. 16 July 1935. Retrieved 19 August 2013. ^ "Coin-in-Slot Parking Meter Brings Revenue to City" Popular Mechanics, October 1935 mid-right side of page article ^ Tick, Tick, Tick, Smithsonian Magazine, May 2008, p. 18 ^ "How A Parking Meter Works." Popular Science, December 1959, pp. 138-139 ^ Leonard, Teresa (26 August 2015). "Parking meters found their way onto NC streets in 1930s, ‘40s". News & Observer. Retrieved 27 August 2015. ^ Wisdom, Martin. "Pay For DC Parking Meters By Cell Phone". My FOX DC. Retrieved 21 January 2011. ^ "Traffic Division".

City of Hackensack. Retrieved 21 January 2011. ^ Dougherty, Conor (3 February 2007). "The Parking Fix". The Wall Street Journal. ^ "Pay Parking | City of White Rock". Whiterockcity.ca. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2013. ^ Media:ParkingmeterDowntownHoustonTexas.JPG ^ Kupferman, Dan. "Why Multi-Space parking meters?". Parking Network. Retrieved 13 January 2011. ^ ^ ^ Mathis, Sommer. "D.C. Testing Solar-Powered, Credit Card Parking Meters". DCist. Retrieved 12 January 2011. ^ Lovelace, Dennis. "New Credit Card-Use Parking Meters Raking In The Dough". My FOX LA. Retrieved 12 January 2011. ^ "DDOT Starts Installation of New Solar-Powered Single Space Meters". District Department of Transportation. Retrieved 12 January 2011. ^ Chan, Sewell (20 December 2006). "New York Retires Last Mechanical Parking Meter". The New York Times.

Retrieved 10 January 2015. ^ Demian Bulwa, "Chicanery tops meters in Berkeley: Vandals wanting to park free put city in yet another jam," San Francisco Chronicle, 25 January 2004, A21 ^ "OSCN Found Document:Ex parte DUNCAN". Oscn.net. 10 December 1936. Retrieved 12 November 2010. ^ STATE, EX REL. v. McCARTHY, casetext.com ^ "Inc Magazine, 1 October 2002". Inc.com. 1 October 2002. Retrieved 19 August 2013. ^ Britt v. Wilmington, 236 N.C. 446, 73 S.E.2d 289 (1952) ^ "Independent Voters of Illinois Independent Precinct v. State of Illinois" (PDF). Circuit Court of Cook County, IL. Retrieved 24 January 2011. ^ a b Dumke, Mick. "Parking Meter Lawsuit Allowed to Proceed". Chicago News Cooperative.

Retrieved 24 January 2011. ^ Saffold, CFO City of Chicago, Gene. "Letter Concerning IVI-IPO Lawsuit" (PDF). City of Chicago. Retrieved 24 January 2011. ^ Baxter, Brian. "Chicago's $1.16 Billion Parking Meter Privatization 'A Watershed Event'". The AM Law Daily. Retrieved 24 January 2011. ^ Elizabeth Press (20 December 2007). "Illustrating Parking Reform with Dr. Shoup". Streetfilms. Retrieved 12 November 2010. ^ Hill-Holtzman, Nancy (19 January 1992). "Portable Parking Meters a Tick Away". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 January 2011. ^ Leyden, John. "Park and pay by mobile comes to London". The Register. Retrieved 18 January 2011. ^ "Parking Today". Parking Today. Retrieved 19 August 2013. ^ "Electronic iPark Devices Available Again". ARLnow.com. Retrieved 19 August 2013.

^ "Comet Personal Parking Meter". Ganisparking.com. Retrieved 19 August 2013. ^ "EasyPark|Personal Parking Meter". EasyPark USA. Retrieved 19 August 2013. ^ "New Customers". Bookings.parkmagic.net. Retrieved 19 August 2013. Oklahoma City site of first parking meter. (Historic film) "Parking Meters Yield $50,000 A Year" 1951 article with excellent illustration of coin operated meters Articles from the Wausau Daily Herald Metergate from the SF Times (archived) Brink's 1978 parking meter theft Saskatoon, SK - the first Canadian City to offer cell phone parking payment option for its parking meters October 21, 2005 Parking meter payment by cell phone from Slashdot, June 26, 2006 Voice Of America Video New Parking Meter, calls you when time is up - with Pictures Sensor based parking meter with push enforcement, bike share, wayfinding, and validation Secure Storage Technologies Smart Parking Meter The Case of the Parking Meter Thief, FBI

Question: The first coin-operated parking meter in the US was installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In what year was it installed?
Answer: 1935