How Plaque and Gum Disease Affect Your Health Rheumatoid arthritis Premature birth What's behind the links? Experts can't say for certain, but they believe that oral bacteria can escape into the bloodstream and injure major organs. Inflammation is probably a common denominator, experts say. Periodontal disease, marked by inflammation, may increase inflammation throughout the body. Inflammation, in turn, is an underlying problem in diseases including heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis . Gum Disease and Heart Disease Over the years, many studies have found that people with gum disease are more likely to also have poor heart health , including heart attacks . A 2009 paper on the relationship between heart disease and gum disease was issued by the American Academy of Periodontology and The American Journal of Cardiology. Its joint recommendations encourage cardiologists to ask their patients about any gum disease problems. In addition, periodontists are encouraged to ask their patients about any family history of heart disease as well as their own heart health . Continued Gum Disease and Diabetes If you have diabetes , you are more likely than people who don't have diabetes to have gum disease. Why? Again, inflammation may be partly to blame.

And, those with diabetes are more likely to contract infections, including gum disease. If your diabetes is not under control, you are at even higher risk of gum disease. Gum Disease and Dementia Gum disease has also been found to raise the risk of dementia later in life. Other researchers have found that periodontal problems may also be associated with milder cognitive impairment, such as memory problems that make activities of daily life more difficult. In a recent study, participants who had the worst gum disease scored the worst on memory tests and calculations. Periodontal Disease and RA Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease marked by inflammation and painful joints. People with RA are more likely to have periodontal disease, and one study found that they had more missing teeth than people who don't have RA. Chronic inflammation is common to both conditions. Although scientists haven't found evidence that one condition causes the other, a 2009 study found that people with a severe form of RA had less pain, swelling, and morning stiffness after their periodontal disease was treated. Gum Disease and Premature Birth Studies on the link between periodontal disease and preterm birth have produced conflicting results.

Some show that women with gum disease are more likely to deliver a baby before term, which sets up the baby for health risks. Others, though, have not found a link. Studies are ongoing. Other research has found that treating periodontal disease in pregnant women helps them carry their infants to term. One recent study showed that women with periodontal disease who completed periodontal treatment before the 35th week were less likely than those who did not get treatment to deliver their babies early. Minimizing the Dangers of Plaque & Gingivitis To keep plaque under control, brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste and floss daily. Use an antimicrobial mouthwash to reduce the bacteria in your mouth . Get your teeth cleaned professionally on a regular basis. Ask your dentist about the best cleaning schedule for you. Find out if you might benefit from a protective coating or sealant applied to the chewing surfaces of the teeth in the back of your mouth where tooth decay often begins.

WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by Michael Friedman, DDS on November 29, 2015 Sources SOURCES: David Cochran, president of the American Academy of Periodontology, and professor and chair of the Department of Periodontics at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Sally Cram, DDS, periodontist, Washington, D.C., and consumer advisor, American Dental Association. American Academy of Periodontology: "Gum Disease and Diabetes," "Inflammation: Connecting the Mouth and Body?", "Journal of Periodontology and the American Journal of Cardiology develop joint clinical recommendations," "Frequently Asked Questions," "Healthy Gums and a Healthy Heart: The Perio-Cardio Connection." Offenbacher, S. Journal of Periodontology, October 1996; vol 67: pp 1103-1113. Seymour R. British Dental Journal, May 23, 2009; vol 206: pp 551-552. Radnai, M. Journal of Dental Research, March 2009; vol 88: pp 280-284.

American Dental Association: "Plaque," "Cleaning Your Teeth and Gums," "Tooth Decay." Noble, J. Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery Psychiatry, online May 5, 2009. Kaisare, S. British Dental Journal, Aug. 11, 2007; vol 203: pp 144-145. Srinivas, S. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, May 2009; vol 200: p 497 and e1-8. Smolik, I. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, May 2009; vol 30: pp 188-90, 192, 194, 198, 210. Kamer, A. Alzheimer's & Dementia, July 2008; vol 4: pp 242-50. Wang, T. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, May 2009, vol 36: pp 372-379. Ortiz, P.

Journal of Periodontology, 2009, vol 80: pp 535-540. Mercado, FB. Journal of Periodontology, June 2001; vol 72: pp 779-787. © 2015 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. Pagination Healthy teeth, healthy body - Live Well - NHS Choices Tooth loss If you're concerned that you may have gum disease, visit your dentist. Did you know that gum disease isn’t just bad news for your teeth, it’s also linked to serious health problems in other parts of your body? Gum disease may increase your risk of all kinds of other health complications, including stroke , diabetes and heart disease . Gum disease has even been linked with problems in pregnancy and dementia. Chief Executive of the British Dental Health Foundation, Dr Nigel Carter, explains: "The link between oral health and overall body health is well documented and backed by robust scientific evidence. Despite this, only one in six people realises that people with gum disease may have an increased risk of stroke or diabetes.

And only one in three is aware of the heart disease link." Gum disease dangers Gum disease is an infection of the tissues that support the teeth. It's mainly caused by bacteria from plaque build-up. In some patients who are susceptible to gum disease, the body over-reacts to the bacteria around the gums and causes too much inflammation. In others, the inflammation doesn’t clear up properly. The result of the intense gum inflammation is that it also affects the bloodstream, and is believed to slowly damage blood vessels in the heart and brain over a long period of time. What’s the damage? Gum disease has been linked to a variety of other health problems, including: heart disease and heart attacks diabetes and its control rheumatoid arthritis Preventing problems The good news is that brushing your teeth properly and looking after your gums can prevent and treat gum disease, improve your overall health and help to reduce your risk of health problems, such as heart disease. Follow a routine of brushing your teeth for a full two minutes twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, plus cleaning between your teeth with floss or interdental brushes. Visit your dentist and dental hygienist regularly for cleaning and check-ups. It’s especially important to look after your teeth and gums if you’re pregnant.

NHS dental care is free for pregnant women and during the 12 months after you've given birth. Gum Disease and Your Overall Health Gum Disease and Your Overall Health Search the site Gum Disease and Your Overall Health What You Should Know About Periodontal Disease By Shawn Watson - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. Updated December 12, 2016 Often taken for granted, the monotonous task of brushing and flossing our teeth daily has never been more important in order to avoid periodontal disease known as gum disease and the risk it places on our overall health. It has been estimated that 75 percent of Americans have some form of gum disease, which has been linked to serious health complications and causes various dental problems that like periodontal disease, are often preventable. What Is Gum Disease? Periodontal disease , also called gum disease, is mainly caused by bacteria from plaque and tartar build up. Other factors that have the potential to cause gum disease may include: Tobacco use Clenching or grinding your teeth Certain medications Genetics Types of periodontal disease (gum disease) include: Gingivitis—The beginning stage of gum disease and is often undetected. This stage of the disease is reversible.

Periodontal disease —Untreated gingivitis may lead to this next stage of gum disease. With many levels of periodontal disease , the common outcome is chronic inflammatory response, a condition when the body breaks down the bone and tissue in the infected area of the mouth, ultimately resulting in tooth and bone loss. Signs of gum disease include: Red, bleeding, and/or swollen gums Tooth sensitivity caused by receding gums Abscessed teeth Tooth loss Recent studies suggest periodontal or gum disease may contribute to or be warning signs of potentially life-threatening conditions such as: Heart disease and stroke —Studies suggest gingivitis may increase the risk of heart disease and stroke because of the high levels of bacteria found in infected areas of the mouth. As the level of periodontal disease increases, the risk of cardiovascular disease may increase with it. Other studies have suggested that the inflammation in the gums may create a chronic inflammation response in other parts of the body which has also been implicated in increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Diabetes —People with diabetes often have some form of gum disease, likely caused by high blood glucose, according to the U.S. Centers Disease Control and Prevention.

People with diabetes need to take extra care to ensure proper brushing and flossing techniques are used to prevent the advancement of the gum disease. Regular check-ups and cleanings with your dental hygienist should be followed. Chronic kidney disease—A study, conducted by Case Western Reserve University, suggests that people without any natural teeth, known as edentulous, are more likely to have chronic kidney disease (CDK), than people with natural teeth. CDK affects blood pressure potentially causing heart disease, contributed to kidney failure, and affects bone health. Preterm birth —Babies that are born premature (before 37 weeks of gestation), may face numerous health complications. Research indicates that women with periodontal disease are three to five times more likely to have a baby born preterm compared to women without any form of gum disease. Women are more susceptible to gingivitis when pregnant and should follow their regular brushing habits, and continue with dental cleanings and examinations. Treatments for Gum Disease Depending on the type of periodontal disease, some of the available treatment options are: Removal of plaque and calculus by way of scaling done by your dental hygienist or dentist.

Medications such as chlorhexidine gluconate, a mouth rinse prescribed by your dentist or hygienist to help kill the bacteria in your mouth, along with frequent cleanings. Surgery may be necessary in certain cases to stop, halt, or minimize the progression of periodontal disease. Surgery is also used to replace bone that was lost in advanced stages of the disease. Preventing Gum Disease Proper brushing and flossing is the easiest way to reduce and prevent gum disease, but regular cleanings with your dental hygienist or dentist are necessary to remove calculus and treat advanced gum disease. If you are concerned that you may have gum disease, contact your dentist . Sources: American Academy of Periodontology. "Chronic Kidney Disease Risk" October 14, 2008. American Academy of Periodontology. "Gum Disease and Your Heart"January 8, 2008. American Academy of Periodontology. "Inflammation and Gum Disease" November 24, 2008. American Academy of Periodontology. "Oral Health During Pregnancy" November 12, 2007.

Continue Reading How Gum Disease Affects The Whole Body You Are Here: Wellness Mama » Blog » Health » How Gum Disease Affects The Whole Body How Gum Disease Affects The Whole Body As much as 50% in the reversal of cancer is in the mouth. -Burton Goldberg, expert in the field of alternative medicine How can a two time cancer survivor and expert in alternative cancer treatments make such a statement? In this article we will explore how the health of the mouth affects the whole body and how gum disease can increase the risk of things like cancer and heart disease. Sound crazy? There is a well researched link between gum disease and other problems in the body… What is Gum Disease? Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is the name for a range of oral health problems ranging from gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) to the more serious periodontitis (where gums pull away from the teeth and serious infection can result). Many people may have the early signs of gum disease and not even realize it! Symptoms like persistent bad breath, swollen gums, gums that bleed when flossing, sensitive teeth or painful spots on the gums when chewing can all be early signs on gum disease.

In fact, if you are reading this, there is a good chance you could have some form of gum disease and not even realize it! According to David Kennedy, DDS and past president of the International Association for Oral Medicine and Toxicology: Over 90% of adults over age 30 have some stage of active gum disease. 65% of 15 year olds already have active gum disease (yikes!) How Gum Disease Affects the Body It is well established that gum disease can be devastating to the mouth and is the leading cause of adult tooth loss and other oral problems. What is less well-known is that gum disease can also have negative impact on other parts of the body. The mouth is not an isolated ecosystem, but an integral part of the immune system. The mouth is intimately connected to many other parts of the body and a bacterial imbalance or gum disease in the mouth can create immune problems and inflammation in other parts of the body as well. In fact, it is well documented that gum disease can increase the risk of various types of cancer (including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer and others), heart disease, stroke and other serious problems.

Pregnancy complications and low-birth weight in babies have also been linked to gum disease. Gum Disease = Active Bacterial Infection The reason the negative impact of gum disease goes beyond the mouth is gum disease is an active bacterial infection that has access to the whole body via the bloodstream! The ‘bad bugs’ involved with gum disease are very mobile. They can and do swim upstream and colonize other areas of the body. In fact, the plaque deposits from bad bugs in the mouth are the same types of plaque found in arterial walls in heart disease sufferers! Given the understanding that these bacteria in the mouth travel through the bloodstream, it makes sense that gum disease could affect the rest of the body. Gum disease increases the risk of many conditions, including: Bacteria Enter the Bloodstream Through the Mouth We now understand that the harmful bacteria present in gum disease colonize in the mouth, but are then able to access the rest of the body via the bloodstream. In essence, a person with active gum disease has an enemy “inside the gates” slowly but surely eroding his or her health by poisoning the system with bacteria.

The known risks of this common situation are two fold: The actual damage caused by the bacteria in the mouth How the body responds to this chronic bacterial attack and the resulting inflammation First, these bacteria can destroy flesh and bone tissue in the mouth, leading to severe gum problems and tooth loss. In fact, these bacteria have been documented by microscope attacking and killing white blood cells! as a byproduct of this attack, they also dump toxins into the system. The second risk is how the body responds to this chronic bacterial attack with an immune response and the resulting inflammation. How the Body Responds to Bacterial Infection in the Mouth The immune system recognizes the gum disease as the rampant bacterial infection it is. One way the body defeats an infection is to increase the inflammation in the local area of the infection in an effort to increase blood flow thus increase the number of white blood cells to fight the infections. Swollen, painful gums, bleeding when brushing or flossing are clear signs of an active bacterial infection in the mouth and an early warning sign of serious gum disease (this is also a sign that many people ignore). The problem arises when the infection is a chronic one, like with gum disease.

In the case of chronic infection, the body’s infection fighting reaction becomes habit, thus creating a state of chronic inflammation. Chronic Infection = Chronic Inflammation More serious problems begin to occur when the bacteria present in the mouth from gum disease travel to other parts of the body. At this point, it is now a system wide chronic inflammation that contributes to and sets the stage for other diseases like arthritis,diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Thus, gum disease really is one of the main pathways, like a gateway disease, that helps support the conditions that allow system wide diseases to establish and flourish. Thankfully, while gum disease is a serious problem with links to even more serious conditions, there are ways to address gum disease and return the mouth (and body) to health. Improve the Body Through Oral Health There is a two-part approach to improving oral health: In the Mouth: Improving oral health in the mouth and working to remove harmful bacteria that lead to gum disease to reduce the bacterial load on the body Throughout the Body: Improving immunological health throughout the body to create address health on a cellular level The first part of this approach focuses on what can be done in the mouth to create greater oral health as well as whole being wellness.

This includes things like good oral hygiene, brushing, flossing and other methods. The second perspective focuses on tools and techniques that raise immunological health. Increasing the health of our immune system is the primary tool we have to create greater oral health. Supporting the immune system properly can create an environment in the body that is unsuitable for the bacteria that cause gum disease. Like all aspects of health, it is important to remember that the body works as a whole and to address the source of the problem (the mouth) as well as the rest of the body. Improving Immunological Health to Fight Gum Disease There are many factors that affect the immune system and the body’s ability to effectively handle bacteria in the mouth, including: Diet: To support oral health, it is important to eat a mineral rich diet, consume plenty of quality fats and eliminate foods like vegetable oils and sugar. Lifestyle: For immune health, it is important to get enough sleep, address stress, and avoid lifestyle habits like smoking that can affect oral health. Oral Hygiene: Understanding the mouth/body connection makes it easy to see how good oral health habits can greatly affect the immune system as a whole.

( Here is a peek into my own oral health routine ) Stop Putting Toxins into the System Fundamental to any attempt at creating greater oral health as well as whole being wellness is to stop putting toxins into the system. It is important to understand the two main ways that toxins can be introduced to the system through the mouth: The toxins that gum-disease causing bacteria dump or trigger in our system. The toxins that are inadvertently introduced to prevent disease through the use of oral hygiene products. Prevent Disease or Create Health… Which Comes First? These two concepts, to prevent disease and to create health, are central to fighting gum disease and they are important in different ways. We can see this debate most clearly in history with the example of Louis Pasteur, the ‘father’ of modern medicine and germ theory and Antoine Beauchamp, a contemporary of Pasteur’s who promoted a related theory but with a different focus called cellular (or terrain) theory. These two theories support the realization that if we want to create optimal health, our primary focus must be to create health, then to secondarily address disease prevention. So, our primary intent must be on wellness protocols of creating health.

Therefore, we must be aware of introducing any additional harmful substances into our system as these may impair our immunological efforts to create health. This especially applies if the sunstances we introduce to the system are under the guise of preventing disease. For example, if we introduce toxins into the system by applying germ theory (prevent disease) approach, we are not addressing the primary focus, to create health. (If you want more information on this interesting subject, here’s a video discussing this subject from OraWellness .) How to Reduce Harmful Bacteria from Gum Disease While supporting the body as a whole to improve immune health through diet and lifestyle is vital and should be addressed first, it is also important to address the colonization of harmful bacteria in the mouth directly to fight gum disease: Brush Your Teeth Correctly to Reduce Gum Disease Just like other notable doctors and researchers from history like Weston A Price and Edward and May Mellanby, Dr. Charles Bass was an early pioneer of oral health and medicine and he shed some light on a technique proven to reduce the population of bad bugs in the mouth. It is known as the Bass Brushing technique and it works to break up colonies of harmful bacteria hidden within the gum line.

It is much more gentle and effective than traditional brushing methods and has been shown to help fight gum disease and gingivitis. In fact, Dr. Bass was once told that he needed to have all of his teeth pulled due to his severe gum disease and used his knowledge of microbiology, his microscope and trial and error to discover this method of brushing. He was able to save his teeth and died with all of his original teeth intact. Learn the Bass Brushing Method in this post . Floss Consciously Conscious flossing goes hand in hand with proper brushing. Paying attention to what our flossing uncovers is a huge step toward creating greater oral health in our lives. OraWellness explains how to floss consciously: 1. Take a piece of floss that is long enough so you can use a new segment of floss between each set of teeth. 2. Stop and look at the floss after each flossing point. Look for any discoloration on the floss. Any color (blood or yellowish color) is a clear sign you have active infection in the gum pockets around those teeth. 3. Step three requires some courage, so be strong! Smell the floss.

Yep, smell it after each contact you clean. 4. Feel as you floss for any pain, sensitivity or signs of swelling. Bottom line here is if you have any color on the floss (bleeding gums) or bad small, you have an active infection in the gum pockets between those two teeth. Clean the Mouth with Non-toxic Oral Health Products One crucial factor when addressing products for oral health is to be sure not to put any additional toxins into the system in the process. Introducing harmful substances into the system while working to remove existing toxins from bacteria in the mouth is really taking one step forward and two steps back. In other words, introducing toxins into the system that will lower and limit immune health is counterproductive since immune health is a primary focus when working to fight gum disease. Using oral health products that contain toxic ingredients which impair our immune function is short sighted at best if not downright injurious to overall health. Some of my favorite non-toxic oral health products are: Using Charcoal to Improve Oral health Learn About Oil Pulling Oil pulling is a technique out of ancient Indian (ayurvedic) medicine. This excellent technique not only cleanses the mouth, it also helps to detoxify the whole system.

Here is a link to an article that details the benefits, science, and technique of oil pulling. Learn Free Techniques to Improve Mouth Ecology There is a direct link between the amount of saliva we produce and our ability to maintain a healthy, disease free mouth environment. The unfortunate fact is saliva production declines as we age. It is no surprise that the risks of gum disease as we age increases in step with the decline in saliva production. Although all the above suggestions will drastically help create greater oral health, we have saved the most fundamental, perhaps the most important, aspect to create greater oral health for last. What do you do to help protect your oral health? Any tips you’d recommend? Share below! Gingivitis: Learn About Symptoms and Treatment Gingivitis Prognosis Gingivitis Overview Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums (gingiva) surrounding the teeth . Gingivitis affects a significant portion of the population and is the most common form of periodontal diseases (diseases of the tissues surrounding the teeth). Chronic gingivitis may lead to receding gums and can be a precursor of periodontitis. This inflammation of the gingiva is classified according to severity.

It can range from mild to severe gingivitis and more uncommon but serious necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Inflammation is a complex system by which bacteria-fighting cells of the body are recruited to an area of bacterial infection. Inflammation plays a major role in gingivitis. It is this inflammation of the gums that accounts for most of the symptoms of gingivitis. Bacteria can cause inflammation of the gums. Although bacteria are normally found in our bodies and provide protective effects most of the time, bacteria can be harmful. The mouth is an ideal place for bacteria to live. The warm, moist environment and constant food supply are everything bacteria need to thrive. If not for a healthy immune system , bacteria in the mouth would rapidly reproduce out of control, overwhelming the body's defense system. An infection begins when the body's immune system is overwhelmed. The gum disease of gingivitis is an infection that occurs when bacteria invade soft tissues and bone adjacent to teeth. The severity of this infection varies from mild to severe and can be an indication of a life-threatening systemic disease.

Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 7/30/2015 Medical Author: Links between oral & general health » Causes of oral ill health » Introduction » Dental Health Foundation Links between oral & general health The Mouth-Body Connection Oral health is essential to general health and well-being at every stage of life. A healthy mouth enables not only nutrition of the physical body, but also enhances social interaction and promotes self-esteem and feelings of well-being. The mouth serves as a “window” to the rest of the body, providing signals of general health disorders. For example, mouth lesions may be the first signs of HIV infection, aphthous ulcers are occasionally a manifestation of Coeliac disease or Crohn’s disease, pale and bleeding gums can be a marker for blood disorders, bone loss in the lower jaw can be an early indicator of skeletal osteoporosis, and changes in tooth appearance can indicate bulimia or anorexia. The presence of many compounds (e.g., alcohol, nicotine, opiates, drugs, hormones, environmental toxins, antibodies) in the body can also be detected in the saliva. Oral conditions have an impact on overall health and disease.

Bacteria from the mouth can cause infection in other parts of the body when the immune system has been compromised by disease or medical treatments (e.g., infective endocarditis). Systemic conditions and their treatment are also known to impact on oral health (e.g., reduced saliva flow, altered balance of oral microorganisms). Periodontal disease has been associated with a number of systemic conditions. Though the biological interactions between oral conditions such as periodontal disease and other medical conditions are still not fully understood, it is clear that major chronic diseases – namely cancer and heart disease – share common risk factors with oral disease. Recognition that oral health and general health are interlinked is essential for determining appropriate oral health care programmes and strategies at both individual and community care levels. That the mouth and body are integral to each other underscores the importance of the integration of oral health into holistic general health policies and of the adoption of a collaborative “Common Risk Factor Approach” for oral health promotion. The Common Risk Factor Approach Traditionally, oral health promotion has focused on the care of the teeth and gums, in isolation from other health programmes.

The Common Risk Factor Approach (CRFA) to health promotion takes a broader perspective and targets risk factors common to many chronic conditions and their underlying social determinants The key concept of this approach is that concerted action against common health risks and their underlying social determinants will achieve improvements in a range of chronic health conditions more effectively and efficiently than isolated, disease-specific approaches. Adoption of a common risk factor approach is more resource-efficient than a targeted disease-specific approach because: most chronic diseases have multiple risk factors one risk factor can impact on several diseases some risk factors cluster in groups of people risk factors can interact – in some instances synergistically – with each other. The common risk factor approach provides a rationale for developing multi-sectoral healthy alliances between health professionals, statutory, voluntary and commercial bodies and the general public. It recognises that engendering lasting changes in individual “lifestyle” behaviours requires supportive social, economic and political environments. Common Risk Factors for Oral Health Oral disease is the most widespread chronic disease, despite being highly preventable.

The common risk factors that oral disease shares with other chronic diseases/conditions are: Diet – Risk factor for dental caries, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancers, obesity Tobacco smoking/chewing – Risk factor for oral and other cancers, periodontal disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases, diabetes Alcohol consumption – Risk factor for oral and other cancers, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, trauma Hygiene – Risk factor for periodontal disease and other bacterial and inflammatory conditions Injuries – Risk factor for trauma, including dental trauma. Control & Stress – Risk factors for periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease Socio-economic status – Independent risk factor as well as underlying determinant of other risk factors. Cover image for FoodPyramidDiet Diet is a risk factor for dental caries, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancers and obesity. Diet – the foods and drinks we consume to nourish our body – and our eating habits have an important influence on our health and well being. A good diet provides the body with the appropriate quantity and quality of nutrients it requires to sustain health. Deficiency diseases such as anaemia and osteoporosis result from the inadequate intake of essential specific nutrients (undernutrition).

Overeating or excessive intake of nutrients (overnutrition) leads to obesity, a recognised major health risk factor. Obesity is a serious problem in Ireland: in 2007, 25% of adults (24% of men; 26% of women) were obese; in 2002, 23% of boys and 28% of girls were either overweight or obese. Being overweight and obese increases the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and Type 2 diabetes. Dietary guidelines in Ireland are based on the Food Pyramid published by the Health Promotion Unit ( ) of the Department of Health. The Food Pyramid is designed to help people to eat a balanced diet combining several different types of food in the right amounts. The “top shelf” of the pyramid represents foods high in fat, sugar and salt which are not essential for health and which should be used sparingly (maximum 1 daily serving); the “bottom shelf” represents foods high in carbohydrates (e.g., breads, cereals and potatoes) which should comprise the bulk of our diet (i.e., 6+ daily servings).

A survey of dietary habits of the Irish population (SLÁN 2007) found that only 14% of all adults surveyed (13% of men; 16 % of women) complied with the “top shelf” recommendation to use foods high in fat, sugar and salt sparingly. The top shelf of the Food Pyramid is of particular relevance to oral health as high consumption of foods/drinks containing added sugars is a direct cause of dental caries. The oral health message to restrict consumption of foods/drinks containing added sugars to mealtimes complements the healthy heart message to reduce consumption of foods high in oils and fats. Studies aslo show that eating more fruits and vegetables can have a protective influence against cancers and systemic inflammatory (including periodontal) diseases. Gum Disease (Gingivitis and Periodontitis) Symptoms, Treatments, Causes Periodontitis, also generally called gum disease or periodontal disease, begins with bacterial growth in your mouth and may end -- if not properly treated -- with tooth loss due to destruction of the tissue that surrounds your teeth . What's the Difference Between Gingivitis and Periodontitis?

Gingivitis (gum inflammation) usually precedes periodontitis ( gum disease ). However, it is important to know that not all gingivitis progresses to periodontitis. In the early stage of gingivitis, bacteria in plaque build up, causing the gums to become inflamed and to easily bleed during tooth brushing. Although the gums may be irritated, the teeth are still firmly planted in their sockets. No irreversible bone or other tissue damage has occurred at this stage. When gingivitis is left untreated, it can advance to periodontitis. In a person with periodontitis, the inner layer of the gum and bone pull away from the teeth and form pockets. These small spaces between teeth and gums collect debris and can become infected. The body's immune system fights the bacteria as the plaque spreads and grows below the gum line. Toxins or poisons -- produced by the bacteria in plaque as well as the body's "good" enzymes involved in fighting infections -- start to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place. As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed. When this happens, teeth are no longer anchored in place, they become loose, and tooth loss occurs.

Gum disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. What Causes Gum Disease? Plaque is the primary cause of gum disease. However, other factors can contribute to periodontal disease. These include: Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy , puberty, menopause , and monthly menstruation , make gums more sensitive, which makes it easier for gingivitis to develop. Illnesses may affect the condition of your gums. This includes diseases such as cancer or HIV that interfere with the immune system. Because diabetes affects the body's ability to use blood sugar , patients with this disease are at higher risk of developing infections, including periodontal disease and cavities. Medications can affect oral health , because some lessen the flow of saliva , which has a protective effect on teeth and gums. Some drugs, such as the anticonvulsant medication Dilantin and the anti- angina drug Procardia and Adalat , can cause abnormal growth of gum tissue. Bad habits such as smoking make it harder for gum tissue to repair itself. Poor oral hygiene habits such as not brushing and flossing on a daily basis, make it easier for gingivitis to develop.

Family history of dental disease can be a contributing factor for the development of gingivitis. Continued What Are the Symptoms of Gum Disease? Gum disease may progress painlessly, producing few obvious signs, even in the late stages of the disease. Although the symptoms of periodontal disease often are subtle, the condition is not entirely without warning signs. Certain symptoms may point to some form of the disease. The symptoms of gum disease include: Gums that bleed during and after tooth brushing Red, swollen, or tender gums Formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums Loose or shifting teeth Changes in the way teeth fit together upon biting down, or in the fit of partial dentures. Even if you don't notice any symptoms, you may still have some degree of gum disease. In some people, gum disease may affect only certain teeth, such as the molars. Only a dentist or a periodontist can recognize and determine the progression of gum disease. How Does My Dentist Diagnose Gum Disease?

During a dental exam, your dentist typically checks for these things: Gum bleeding, swelling, firmness, and pocket depth (the space between the gum and tooth; the larger and deeper the pocket, the more severe the disease) Teeth movement and sensitivity and proper teeth alignment Your jawbone, to help detect the breakdown of bone surrounding your teeth How Is Gum Disease Treated? The goals of gum disease treatment are to promote reattachment of healthy gums to teeth; reduce swelling, the depth of pockets, and the risk of infection; and to stop disease progression. Treatment options depend on the stage of disease, how you may have responded to earlier treatments, and your overall health. Options range from nonsurgical therapies that control bacterial growth to surgery to restore supportive tissues. A full description of the various treatment options is provided in Gum Disease Treatments. How Can Gum Disease Be Prevented? Gum disease can be reversed in nearly all cases when proper plaque control is practiced. Proper plaque control consists of professional cleanings at least twice a year and daily brushing and flossing. Brushing eliminates plaque from the surfaces of the teeth that can be reached; flossing removes food particles and plaque from in between the teeth and under the gum line.

Antibacterial mouth rinses can reduce bacteria that cause plaque and gum disease, according to the American Dental Association. Continued Other health and lifestyle changes that will decrease the risk, severity, and speed of gum disease development include: Stop smoking . Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for development of periodontitis. Smokers are seven times more likely to get gum disease than nonsmokers, and smoking can lower the chances of success of some treatments. Reduce stress . Stress may make it difficult for your body's immune system to fight off infection. Maintain a well- balanced diet . Proper nutrition helps your immune system fight infection. Eating foods with antioxidant properties -- for example, those containing vitamin E ( vegetable oils, nuts, green leafy vegetables) and vitamin C (citrus fruits, broccoli, potatoes) -- can help your body repair damaged tissue. Avoid clenching and grinding your teeth . These actions may put excess force on the supporting tissues of the teeth and could increase the rate at which these tissues are destroyed. Despite following good oral hygiene practices and making other healthy lifestyle choices, the American Academy of Periodontology says that up to 30% of Americans may be genetically susceptible to gum disease.

And those who are genetically predisposed may be up to six times more likely to develop some form of gum disease. If anyone in your family has gum disease, it may mean that you are at greater risk, as well. If you are more susceptible to gum disease, your dentist or periodontist may recommend more frequent check-ups, cleanings, and treatments to better manage the condition. Is Gum Disease Linked to Other Health Problems? According to the CDC, researchers have uncovered potential links between gum disease and other serious health conditions. In people with healthy immune systems, the bacteria in the mouth that makes its way into the bloodstream is usually harmless. But under certain circumstances, these microorganisms are associated with health problems such as stroke and heart disease . Diabetes is not only a risk factor for gum disease, but gum disease may make diabetes worse. Oral health: A window to your overall health - Mayo Clinic Sign up now Oral health: A window to your overall health Your oral health is more important than you might realize. Get the facts about how the health of your mouth, teeth and gums can affect your general health.

By Mayo Clinic Staff Did you know that your oral health offers clues about your overall health — or that problems in your mouth can affect the rest of your body? Protect yourself by learning more about the connection between your oral health and overall health. What's the connection between oral health and overall health? Like many areas of the body, your mouth is teeming with bacteria — most of them harmless. Normally the body's natural defenses and good oral health care, such as daily brushing and flossing, can keep these bacteria under control. However, without proper oral hygiene, bacteria can reach levels that might lead to oral infections, such as tooth decay and gum disease. In addition, certain medications — such as decongestants, antihistamines, painkillers, diuretics and antidepressants — can reduce saliva flow. Saliva washes away food and neutralizes acids produced by bacteria in the mouth, helping to protect you from microbial invasion or overgrowth that might lead to disease. Studies also suggest that oral bacteria and the inflammation associated with periodontitis — a severe form of gum disease — might play a role in some diseases.

In addition, certain diseases, such as diabetes and HIV/AIDS, can lower the body's resistance to infection, making oral health problems more severe. Casamassimo PS. Oral and systemic health. Accessed March 3, 2016. Xerostomia. Oral Cancer Foundation. Accessed March 3, 2016. Linkages with general health. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Accessed March 3, 2016. Dry mouth. American Dental Association. Accessed March 3, 2016. Oral health for adults. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed March 3, 2016. Shiboski CH, et al. High accuracy of common HIV-related oral disease diagnoses by non-oral health specialists in the AIDS Clinical Trial Group. PLOS One. 2015;10:1. Martande SS, et al. Periodontal health condition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias. 2014;29:498.

Sjogren's syndrome: Questions and answers about Sjogren's syndrome. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. #drymouth. Accessed March 3, 2016. Brushing your teeth. American Dental Association. Accessed March 1, 2016. Gum disease - Better Health Channel Gum disease Gum disease affects most people at some stage in their life. The two stages of gum disease are gingivitis and periodontitis. Careful and regular cleaning can help prevent gum disease. Getting treatment early can help save teeth that are at risk from gum disease and other conditions – see your dentist or oral health professional if you have swollen or bleeding gums or loose teeth. Most people will have gum disease at some time in their life. Some of the common signs of gum disease are gums that are red, puffy or bleed. Causes of gum disease Gum disease is usually caused by a build-up of plaque on teeth and along the gum line. Plaque is a sticky coating containing bacteria. The immune system tries to get rid of plaque with an inflammation response. This is seen by the redness and swelling of the gum around the tooth. Everybody has a range of bacteria in their mouth.

Plaque is constantly being formed by some of these bacteria when they feed on the sugars in the foods and drinks you consume. Plaque provides the perfect environment for the bacteria that can cause gum disease to live and multiply. Stages of gum disease The two main stages of gum disease are: gingivitis periodontitis. Gingivitis Gingivitis is early gum disease. It affects the surface layers of the gum, particularly where the gum meets the tooth. At this stage, there is no damage to the deeper parts of the gums, teeth or bone. The signs of gingivitis are: bleeding gums, especially when brushing or eating redness and swelling of the gum. The good news is that gingivitis can be reversed. You might think it is best to stop brushing if your gums are red or puffy. Try to keep brushing, as this will get rid of the bacteria and plaque that is causing the problem. Soon the gums should look and feel better. If not, see your dentist or oral health professional. Periodontitis Periodontitis is an advanced stage of gum disease that may occur if gingivitis is not treated.

The periodontium is the name given to a group of structures that surround and support the teeth, keeping the teeth in place. Periodontitis is the inflammation of the periodontium caused by the bacteria in plaque and the body’s immune response to it. The structures affected by periodontitis include the covering of the tooth root (cementum), the bone and the fibres that connect the tooth root to the bone (periodontal ligament). When the gum is weakened by gum disease, spaces can form between the tooth root and the gum. These spaces are called ‘periodontal pockets’. Bacteria get trapped in these pockets and cause even more damage to the periodontium. Over time, bone is damaged and lost, and larger spaces begin to form between the tooth and the gum. If periodontitis is not treated, the structures that hold the tooth firmly into the gum can become so damaged that teeth become loose and may need to be removed. Smoking and poorly managed diabetes are risk factors for periodontitis. Signs of periodontitis include: receding gums (the gum line shrinks away from the tooth making teeth look longer) bad breath a bad taste in the mouth tenderness when biting loose teeth.

Make an appointment with your dentist or oral health professional if you think you have any of these signs. They can talk with you about how to care for your teeth. They can also professionally remove plaque and hardened plaque (calculus). Early treatment of periodontitis can save affected teeth. Prevention of gum disease Regular tooth brushing helps to prevent gum disease by removing the plaque that causes it. Remember: Brush teeth and along the gum line twice a day, in the morning and before going to bed. Use a toothbrush with a small head and soft bristles. Over 18 months of age, use a fluoride toothpaste, low fluoride for children aged 18 months to six years of age and standard fluoride for people six years and older. After brushing, spit out toothpaste, don’t swallow and don’t rinse with water. This leaves a small amount of fluoride in the mouth to protect teeth. Eating well can also help prevent gum disease. Sugars provide the food for some types of mouth bacteria to multiply and form a plaque layer on the teeth and gums. A high-sugar diet can contribute to a thick layer of plaque. Avoiding sugary foods and drinks, especially between meals, can help to keep plaque levels under control.

Follow the Australian Dietary Guidelines and enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups every day, including vegetables, fruit, grain foods, lean meats (or alternatives), dairy (or alternatives). Drink plenty of water. Have a dental check-up See your dentist or oral health professional if you have swollen or bleeding gums, or are worried about anything to do with your mouth. Getting treated early can help save teeth affected by gum disease and other problems. Ask them how often you should visit for a check-up. Where to get help

Question: The medical condition ‘Gingivitis’ affects which part of the body?
Answer: Gums