The Turner Prize’s most controversial moments - Telegraph Turner Prize The Turner Prize’s most controversial moments We take a look at the winners, nominees and events that have made the Turner Prize so notorious. Martin Creed and his Turner Prize winning exhibition 2001 By Marie-Claire Chappet 5:37PM BST 20 Oct 2011 1986: Gilbert and George Though the Turner Prize has now become almost synonymous with innovative media, Gilbert and George were the first artists to win with pieces that were not paintings. The artistic pair refers to all their works, regardless of media, as sculptures. They even refer to themselves as 'living sculptures.' 1992: Damien Hirst's The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living Hirst's now infamous Tiger shark encased in formaldehyde was not actually the 1992 winner, but remains that year's standout nominee. It has since become one of the 1990's most iconic, if controversial, artworks and was just the beginning of Hirst's work with the medium. His Mother and Child Divided displayed sections of a cow and calf in formaldehyde and won him the 1995 Turner Prize.

A later piece, Two Fucking and Two Watching, featuring a rotting cow and bull, was banned by New York Health officials because of fears of "vomiting among the visitors". 1993: The 'Anti Turner Prize' Related Articles Graphic: How to win the Turner Prize 05 Dec 2011 The K Foundation established the 'Anti Turner Prize.' With £40,000 prize money, the award was to be given to the 'worst artist in Britain', voted from the actual Turner Prize's shortlist. Rachel Whiteread was the winner of both the Turner and Anti Turner Prizes. She begrudgingly accepted the latter award but donated the money to charity. 1997: Gillian Wearing's 60 minutes of Silence and Tracey Emin's drunken outbursts. Winner Wearing showed a video of actors dressed in police uniforms, standing still for an hour. During a live Channel 4 discussion programme on the prize, a drunken Tracey Emin stormed out. She later recalls having no memory of the event; only discovering her own actions whilst reading the next morning's papers.

1998: Chris Ofili's elephant dung Whilst Ofili was the first painter to win in twelve years (the prize has famously championed innovative methods and conceptual art) his work still attracted media hype due to his use of resin covered elephant dung. An illustrator protested against his work by depositing dung on the steps of the Tate. 1999: Tracey Emin's My Bed Perhaps one of the most famous pieces in the history of the Turner Prize, Emin's installation of her stained bed and detritus such as soiled underwear and condoms, was not actually the winner though it is commonly thought to be. Her piece caused a media storm and saw attendance rise to a record 140,000, with an average of 2,000 visitors a day. It caused such controversy that culture secretary Chris Smith criticised the jury for deliberately selecting ‘shock’ installations that gave the country a bad name abroad. Others felt that Emin had not gone far enough. Artists Yuan Chai and Jian Jun Xi decided to strip to their underwear, jump on to the bed and commence a pillow fight. They claimed they were 'improving' the work. Pillow fights do tend to do that...

2000: The first Stuckist demonstration Since 2000, the Stuckist art group have made (almost) annual demonstrations against the Turner Prize. This initial protest saw members dressed as clowns; denouncing the prize as a 'national joke.' They famously declared that:"the only artist who wouldn't be in danger of winning the Turner Prize is Turner." 2001: Martin Creed's The Lights Going On and Off and Madonna's potty mouth Creed's winning work did exactly what it said on the tin; being a bare room in which the lights turn on and off. Artist Jacqueline Crofton was so incensed at Creed's award that she threw eggs at the wall of his installation. The choice of Madonna as presenter for the Prize was largely construed as a shameless marketing strategy, especially when she swore before the watershed, earning Channel 4 an official rebuke from the Independent Television Commission. 2002: Fiona Banner's Arsewoman in Wonderland and Prince Charles' condemnation Fiona Banner did not win the 2002 award but was undoubtedly the most controversial contender. Arsewoman in Wonderland described a pornographic film in detail. The Guardian famously asked "Its art.

But is it porn?" and called British porn star Ben Dover in to consult. Culture minister Kim Howells spoke out against the Prize, calling it "conceptual bullshit" and was joined by Prince Charles himself, who agreed the Prize had "contaminated the art establishment for so long." Even Banksy joined in, stencilling 'Mind The Crap' on the steps of the Tate. 2003: The Chapman Brother's Death and Grayson Perry's frocks The 2003 winner, Grayson Perry, was actually a largely praised choice. It was Jake and Dinos Chapman's Death, which portrayed two bronze figures painted to look like plastic blow-up sex dolls with a dildo, that caused controversy. However, the winner was not without his share of media attention, largely accrued by Perry accepting his award in a dress as his alter ego Claire. 2006: Lynn Barber: 'Is it all a fix?' Whilst the 2006 winner was actually a traditional painter, the Turner Prize was still plagued by controversy. The Sunday Telegraph obtained emails between the Tate and prize judge Lynn Barber that proved the judges had received details of the shortlist too late to actually visit the works, basing their decisions upon catalogues.

Barber made things worse by writing in The Observer 'Is it all a fix?' The phrase was then to be seen blazoned across the placards of that year's ubiquitous Stuckist protestors. BBC News | UK | Feathers fly at Turner art show Sunday, October 24, 1999 Published at 17:55 GMT 18:55 UK UK Feathers fly at Turner art show A pillow fight began on Tracey Emin's "My Bed" installation Two men have been arrested following a pillow fight at the controversial Turner Prize exhibition, which forced the display at the Tate Gallery in London to shut for the day. It is believed the men in their late 20s jumped onto a bed which was part of an exhibition by young British artist Tracey Emin, and threw bits of the artwork around. They were arrested for criminal damage and are being held in custody at Belgravia police station. The Tate later released a statement confirming that an incident had taken place at around 1pm.

A spokeswoman said: "The work has now been restored and the exhibition will open to the public as usual at 10am on Sunday." Emin's work has caused the most controversy among the work of the five artists shortlisted for the �20,000 Turner Prize and on display at a special exhibition hall at the Tate. In a spin: Steven Pippin's laundry photos Emin has supplemented her usual self-confessional videos, embroideries and sketches with a display of her own bed complete with real personal detritus. Empty vodka bottles, used condoms, soiled underwear, and a stained mattress, pillows and duvet arguably sum up a career in which Emin has made public her appetites for sex, alcohol and frankness. The bed has caused strong, if mixed, reactions in the four days for which it has been on display.

The response has ranged from effusive praise to outrage and questions along the lines of "Is this art?" But curator Jay Jopling is a fan, and Charles Saatchi, the most famous patron of young British artists, paid a reputed �40,000 for a previous Emin work, a name-embroidered tent entitled Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963-1994. Steve McQueen: Artistic stunt or stunt artist? The other Turner candidates - Steve McQueen, Steven Pippin and Jane and Louise Wilson - are not popular with traditionalists either. Pippin turns objects such as washing machines into cameras in a strange homage to the pioneers of photography, displaying his quirky gadgets alongside the photos. The Wilsons show videos of empty Las Vegas casinos and the cavernous Hoover Dam. Steve McQueen's Deadpan - a video which sees the artist pass through the window of a falling wall � la Buster Keaton - incites the viewer to imagine how the stunt is achieved. Stunt is perhaps a fitting word for the Turner Prize, with some critics suspicious that the jury pick not the best work by young British artists, but the most shocking.

However, the exhibition is also extremely popular with the public. Turner winner Ofili was at the centre of a row earlier this month More than 120,000 people visited last year's Turner exhibition, and countless column inches have already been devoted to this year's. It will even have its own show on Channel 4. The Turner Prize was won last year by Chris Ofili, who incorporates elephant dung into his psychedelic paintings which draw on contemporary black popular culture. The previous year it was won by Damien Hirst's pickled shark. Ironically, both these artists were at the centre of controversy themselves earlier this month, when the British Sensation exhibition went on show in New York. The show included Ofili's depiction of a black Virgin Mary made with elephant dung and pictures cut from pornography magazines, and pickled cow parts from Hirst. The city pulled its funding, protesters took to the streets and an age-old debate over free speech was back on the agenda. Hindley: Portrait was vandalised at the Royal Academy Yet with 9,000 New Yorkers visiting the exhibition on its opening day, the show gave the Brooklyn Museum of Art its largest opening in the museum's 175-year history.

The same exhibition attracted controversy when it showed at the Royal Academy in London. Marcus Harvey's portrait of child-killer Myra Hindley, made out of children's handprints, was vandalised. However, the exhibition became one of the Academy's most successful of all time, visited by 284,734 people over three months. The 1999 Turner Prize Exhibition runs at the Tate Gallery until 6 February 2000 Spruced-up council estate is one of this year's Turner Prize hopefuls | Daily Mail Online comments The shortlist for the art world's most famous, and most controversial, art prize have been announced - and unsurprisingly not one of the nominees is a painter. Three female artists and a collective made up of 16 young people - who are nominated for transforming a red-brick terraced housing estate in inner-city Liverpool - have all been shortlisted for this year's Turner Prize. The art award, now in its 31st year, has a reputation for controversy with previous winners including Martin Creed's light going on and off and Grayson Perry's pots tackling subjects including death and child abuse.

Scroll down for video Assemble were invited by locals to help them regenerate the housing and public space to 'make it a place people actually want to live in' Artist collective Assemble have been nominated after they transformed Granby Four Streets housing estate in Toxteth, Liverpool (pictured) Now work by a London-based collective, Assemble, to transform the run-down Toxteth estate in Liverpool, is in the running for the annual award. The other nominated works include an opera inspired by the violence of cartoons and a series of design classic dining chairs draped with fur coats. Bookmakers William Hill have made Assemble their narrow favourites to win the 31st Turner Prize.

RELATED ARTICLES Fascinating footage shows train models moving together in spiral Shortlisted work Doug is an opera performance work that chronicled a continuous stream of nine catastrophic events by Janice Kerbel The Military Industrial Complex by artist Bonnie Camplin, who has also been shortlisted for the 2015 Turner Prize Assemble - a loose-knit collective of around 16 people under 30, were invited by the locals to help them regenerate the housing and public spaces 'from the ground up' and 'make it a place people actually want to live in.' Juror Alistair Hudson said that the estate had been 'left decimated' and had become 'a no-go zone' before some of its residents, inspired by the guerrilla gardening movement, formed an action group. THE FOUR SHORTLISTED NOMINEES Assemble, London: The loose-knit East London collective comprises of 16 artists, architects and designers, all aged under 30. For the Toxteth estate, the group reused materials, installed new fireplaces and 'furnished and rebuilt the houses in inventive and creative ways'. Bookies William Hill make Assemble, which formed in 2010, favourite to win at 2-1.

Bonnie Camplin, 44, London: Judges described her as a 'tricky artist....political..', adding: 'She's embedded in what she's talking about.' Shortlisted work The Military Industrial Complex is a study room questioning issues around mental health. Her work includes drawing, film, video, performance, music and writing. Her odds have been set at 3-1. Janice Kerbel, 45, London: Shortlisted work Doug was an opera performance work that chronicled a continuous stream of nine catastrophic events endured by a single individual. Working with language, the artist is known for works that 'fuse the real and imaginary'. For a year and a half she posed as an architecture student, gaining access to a London branch of the exclusive private bank Coutts. Secretly studying the building, the resulting work was Bank Job (1999), outlining a plan for robbing the building. She is priced at 5-2 to win the prize. Nicole Wermers, 43, London: Untitled Chairs (2014-15) is a series of dining chairs - design classics - in which fur coats had been permanently sewn on.

Judges said that her work was 'sharp and funny, rather than being entirely negative' and 'a savage critique on one level but... also quite funny'.Her odds to secure the Turner Prize have also been set at 5-2. He said of Assemble: 'They don't occupy the realm of the single genius solitary artist. This is collective activity working within society, not in the hierarchical structure of the art world. 'It's not about making art forms but about changing the way the world works, making the world a better place, making life more artful.' He added: 'In the age when anything can be art, why not have a housing estate?' Many of the houses on the 'classic red brick Liverpool housing estate' are still empty, with the judges labelling the work as an 'ongoing collaboration'. Assemble share a studio in London and 'operate like a Modernist collective from the 1930s'. 'They have lunch every day around the table to discuss projects and they couldn't accept the nomination until all had accepted', said Tate Britain director Penelope Curtis. Their other projects include the Baltic Street Adventure Playground in Glasgow, where children can 'embrace both creativity and destruction'.

The other three shortlisted names - who are all London-based - include Bonnie Camplin, 44, whose work includes a study room 'drawing from physics, philosophy, psychology, witchcraft, quantum theory and warfare' on issues around mental health. 'She's interested in what makes the consensus in society, in particular in relation to mental health - she's actually trying to do something about it, she's trying to change things,' Mr Hudson said. 'She lives it. She's not doing it to make an art work. She's using art to make something happen around this issue.' Janice Kerbel, 45, is nominated for her operatic performance work Doug. Her previous works include Bank Job (1999) a detailed plan for a bank robbery of the private bank Coutts and Ballgame (2009) an audio recording of a play-by-play announcement of a baseball game. Nicole Wermers, 43, makes sculptures 'resembling the banal design features associated with transient places such as the corporate lobby, sterile shop space or airport lounge'. Her work exposes 'the way that we as a society have been reduced to making judgements on commercial aesthetics'.

Mr Hudson said of the shortlisted works: 'The most interesting things going on in the art world now are addressing real situations and trying to take part in the world - this is a generation of artists who are looking beyond the normal conventions.' The juror, who is director of the Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art, added: 'We need to move away from the idea where something is art or not art. There's a whole spectrum of creative behaviour.' He said that artists were 'working away from the art is entertainment model,' adding: 'It's very positive for the future of art, they're trying to do something rather than represent something. 'You can have David Hockney and Grayson Perry, and they're all artists who care about things as well, but it is working in a different way - the world is changing.

'They are pushing against the walls of what we expect art and exhibition making to be they're all responding to current urgencies, very much to the here and now.' Untitled Chairs (2014-15) was a series of dining chairs - design classics - in which fur coats had been permanently sewn on The estate was 'decimated' and had become 'a no-go zone' before locals inspired by the guerrilla gardening movement formed an action group Awarded to a British artist under 50 for an exhibition or presentation of their work, the Turner Prize gives £25,000 to the winner and £5,000 to the other shortlisted artists. The artists will exhibit their work at the Tramway, in Glasgow, before the winner is announced on December 7. Ms Curtis said that the prize had 'lost some of its sensational aspects' and 'become more serious' in recent years. She admitted that staging work by the shortlisted artists could be tricky. 'It won't necessarily be an easy show to stage because how do you represent an architectural process such as Assemble's? How do you recreate an opera?

Tramway will have some challenges.' Many of the houses on the 'classic red brick Liverpool housing estate' are still empty - Assemble say the work is an 'ongoing collaboration' Pornographic pots, a pickled cow and THAT unmade bed: How the Turner has courted controversy over the decades The Turner Prize, named after the painter J. M. W. Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual artist under the age of 50. Awarding the prize is organised by the Tate gallery and staged at Tate Britain. Since its beginnings in 1984 it has become the United Kingdom's most publicised art award. Artists are chosen based upon a showing of their work which they have staged in the preceding year. Nominations for the prize are invited from the public. The winner of the 2014 prize was Duncan Campbell. Over the years the prize has courted much controversy and gained many column inches for the unusual nature of the works. In 1998 Chris Ofili's elephant dung attracted media attention due to his use of resin covered elephant dung. An illustrator protested against his work by depositing dung on the steps of the Tate.

Tracey Emin's My Bed in 1999, an installation of her stained bed complete with detritus including soiled underwear and condoms, caused a media storm and saw attendance to the gallery rise to a record 140,000, with an average of 2,000 visitors a day. It caused such controversy that then culture secretary Chris Smith criticised the jury for deliberately selecting 'shock' installations that gave the country a bad name abroad. Then in 2002 Culture Minister and former art student MP Kim Howells pinned the following statement to a board in a room specially-designated for visitors' comments: 'If this is the best British artists can produce then British art is lost. It is cold mechanical, conceptual bulls**t. Kim Howells. P.S. The attempts at conceptualisation are particularly pathetic and symptomatic of a lack of conviction.' But it seems with the Turner all publicity is good publicity.

Wolfgang Tillmans, the 2000 winner, described the honour as 'the biggest single exposure an artist could have on this planet.' Damien Hirst's Mother and Child Divided, an art work comprised of a cow and calf bisected and suspended in formaldehyde, which won the 1995 Turner Prize 1998 Turner Prize winner Chris Ofili used resin covered elephant dung in his pieces. Two of them are displayed here at the Turner Prize Retrospective exhibition at Tate Britain in 2007 Two of Grayson Perry's ceramic pots - he employs a range of techniques to create them, such as embossing and photographic transfers Artist Tracey Emin poses with her conceptual artwork 'My Bed' at Christie's auction house in London in June 2014. 'My Bed', complete with cigarette butts, crumpled sheets and underwear, went up for auction for the first time last year. It did not win but was nominated in 1999 Minimalist artist Martin Creed (pictured left) - renowned for exhibiting a lump of Blu-Tack and a screwed up ball of paper - who picked up the coveted Turner Prize in 2001.

He won the award for his exhibit Work No.127, The Lights Going On And Off Fine Arts Fine Arts The English Artist Tracey Emin Tracey Emin Life Tracey Emin born from 3 July 1963, is an English artist of Turkish Cypriot origin, one of the group known as Britartists or YBAs (Young British Artists). She has succeeded in equalling, if not surpassing, Damien Hirst among the YBAs in terms of notoriety among the general public. A drunken outburst on a Channel 4 TV discussion, and My Bed -an installation in the 1999 Turner Prize exhibition, consisting of her own unmade dirty bed with used condoms and blood-stained underwear - both caused a media furor. Emin's art takes many different forms of expression including needlework and sculpture, drawing, video and installation, photography and painting. There has been an ongoing dispute with former boyfriend, artist Billy Childish, particularly over the Stuckism movement. In March 2007, Emin was chosen to join the Royal Academy of Arts in London as a Royal Academician. Tracey Emin was born in Croydon, but brought up in Margate.

She has a twin brother, Paul. Emin's father, an ethnic Turkish Cypriot, was married to a woman other than her mother and divided his time between his two families. He owned the Hotel International in Margate, and, when the business failed, Emin's family suffered a severe decline in their standard of living, circumstances which have featured in a number of works. Around the age of 13 she was raped or broken in as she describes the then-current term. She studied fashion at Medway College of Design (1980-1982), where she met expelled student Billy Childish and was associated with The Medway Poets. Emin and Childish were a couple till 1987 during which time she was the administrator for his small press Hangman Books which specialized in publishing Childish's confessional poetry. In 1984 she studied printing at Maidstone Art College, which she has described as one of the best experiences of her life. Contents Tracey Emin Medium Medium : Tracey Emin's work, I Dream of Sleep (made of blue neon), was shown in a photographic house tour in Elle Decor, March 2008 issue.

This piece stood out to me - I enjoyed the phrase and the handwritten nature of the neon text. Tracey Emin’s art is one of disclosure, using her life events as inspiration for works ranging from painting, drawing, video and installation, to photography, needlework and sculpture. Emin reveals her hopes, humiliations, failures and successes in candid and, at times, excoriating work that is frequently both tragic and humorous. Emin’s work has an immediacy and often sexually provocative attitude that firmly locates her oeuvre within the tradition of feminist discourse. By re-appropriating conventional handicraft techniques – or ‘women’s work’ – for radical intentions, Emin’s work resonates with the feminist tenets of the ‘personal as political’." I began to explore more of her work and was impressed with her simple pieces with complex messages. I went to school for textile design, and during that time I worked on fiber related projects, so I am delighted to see artists working in this medium (like needlework) and using it with a modern twist. Yet, to be honest, I was more interested in Emin's neon and sculptural works like Everything for Love and My Bed.

Posted by Royal Academy Of Art The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London, England. The Royal Academy’s Summer Exhibition is the largest, and possibly oldest, open contemporary art exhibition in the world. Although it is meant to be only for living artists (established or unknown), last year one of its’ dozen or so gallery rooms was devoted entirely to a recently deceased Royal Academician – a tad unfair, you might think, for all the struggling living artists out there. Tel Call +44(0)870 8488484 Nineteen artists to become a member of the Royal Academy of Arts. Tracey Emin was elected Royal Academicians (RAs) in the category of painting on 14 Sept , joining an elite group of luminaries including David Hockney, Peter Blake, Anthony Caro and Alison Wilding. All (RAs) are entitled to exhibit up to six works in the annual summer exhibition. Posted by Publication : The Book Name > > > New Tracey Emin I have read the New publication by Rizzoli.

I think the most highly publicised of the infamous Young British Artists, Tracey Emin has stirred as much controversy as she has acclaim, being both highly personal and extremely original in her art. Compiled in close collaboration with the artist herself -and unprecedented in its scope - this volume is the definitive book on Tracey Emin, featuring her drawings, paintings, sculptures, appliqués and embroideries, neon and video stills as well as her own writing. With over images, the book will also include transcripts of Emin’s films, a conversation by critic and curator Carl Freedman and essay by curator and writer Rudi Fuchs. Posted by Michael Brown death installation: Victim's father brands artwork 'disgusting' | The Independent News Michael Brown death installation: Victim's father brands artwork 'disgusting' Ti-Rock Moore's exhibition Confronting Truths: Wake Up!

aims to expose white privilege in America, but some have disagreed with the artist's intentions Friday 17 July 2015 11:48 BST Click to follow The Independent Culture Ti-Rock Moore's reconstruction of Michael Brown's corpse has gone on show at Chicago's Gallery Guichard Gallery Guichard/AFP video An exhibition featuring a life-size installation of Michael Brown ’s corpse as it was found after he was shot dead by a police officer in Ferguson has been criticised by activists. The work, by New Orleans-based artist Ti-Rock Moore, a white woman, has also been called “disgusting and disturbing” by Brown’s father, Michael Brown Senior , who claims not to have been consulted about the sculpture. The artwork is one of 50 pieces on show in the exhibition, called Confronting Truths: Wake Up!, at Gallery Guichard in Chicago. Moore has said the work represents “white privilege in America and how it negatively affects the black community now and has for generations”.

Other pieces in the exhibition include a large white canvas reading "White privilege, the last outpost of psychological oblivion", a neon sign spelling out "Strange Fruit", a reference to Billie Holiday's song about racist lynchings, and a Confederate flag emblazoned with the names of the nine victims of the Charleston masscare. But Moore's decision to create a replica of Brown’s corpse has led to accusations that the artist has wrongly appropriated “black bodies”. Writing in African-American culture magazine The Root , Kirsten West Savali said Moore’s artwork is a “working definition of white privilege”. “White artists believe they can claim artistic ownership of black death, while disowning their white guilt and being applauded for their ‘courageousness’,” she wrote. Brown Senior has also criticised the artist for not seeking his permission about the work, which Moore has said was the result of miscommunication. “I have no problem with the person that created it, but I think they should have reached out to both sides of the family,” he told Fox News . “I really would like for them to take that away. I think it’s really disturbing, disgusting.

I keep that thought – that thought, that picture is still in my head.” Brown’s mother Lesley McSpadden attended the opening night of the exhibition, asking the gallery owners to cover up the piece about her late son. It is one of the few art works on show that is not for sale. Banned, censored and 'offensive' artworks Banned, censored and 'offensive' artworks 1/8 'My Bed' - Tracey Emin Emin, one of the Young British Artists, created arguably her most iconic and controversial piece of art with 'My Bed'. It was short-listed for the 1999 Tuner Prize but sparked public outrage and a media furore. Emin's own bed is displayed here, surrounded by evidence of her sexual, self-destructive exploits. Stained sheets, fag butts, empty beer bottles, condom and worn underwear can all be seen in this image of suicidal depression following a major break-up. 2/8 'Christ You Know It Ain't Easy' - Sarah Lucas This 3D piece by English artist and Tracey Emin contemporary Sarah Lucas is made from cigarette butts and depicts Christ being crucified on the cross of the English flag.

It is thought to be a comment on the difficulty of quitting smoking. Lucas took up the habit aged 9. Much of her work is designed to be shocking and provocative - someone is always offended. 3/8 'Fountain' - Marcel Duchamp This scandalous porcelain urinal, signed R.Mutt, was rejected by the Society of Independent Artists in 1917 even though the rules stated that any submission would be accepted from artists who paid the fee. Pictured here is a replica of the 1917 piece. The original is believed lost. 'Fountain' is an example of Duchamp's revolutionary 'readymades' - ordinary manufactured objects designated by the artist as art. 4/8 'The Holy Virgin Mary' - Chris Ofili The provocative Sensation exhibit at the Brooklyn Art Museum in 1999 caused great offence. Nigerian artist Ofili's depiction of an African Madonna surrounded by black bottoms and elephant poo was called 'anti-Catholic' and 'horrible' by New York's mayor at the time. So 'horrible' that Rudy Giuliani filed a lawsuit against the museum.

5/8 'Immersion Piss Christ' - Andres Serrano Two Catholic activists partially destroyed US artist Serrano's artwork while it was on display in the south of France. Created in 1987, it represents a small plastic crucifix submerged in a glass of the artist's own urine. 6/8 'Western-Christian Civilization' - Leon Ferrari Argentine conceptual artist Ferrari often dealt with power and religion in his work, using images of Jesus and the Virgin Mary with cages, frying pans and even meat blenders. Showing Christ crucified on a fighter plane, 'Western-Christian Civilization' was a protest work against the Vietnam War. Governments were constantly battling against Ferrari - he was exiled from Brazil and a 2004 exhibition of his work was temporarily forced to close when Pope Francis intervened. 7/8 'Bacchante and Infant Faun' - Frederick William MacMonnies This bronze statue caused an uproar in 1854 when an architect tried to erect it in the courtyard of the Boston Public Library. Modern viewers will see little to get het up about but the nude Roman wine deity's 'drunken indecency' offended the Women's Christian Temperance Union.

It was taken down to the more liberal New York instead and is now exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. MacMonnies earned worldwide fame as a result. 8/8 'Saint Bartholomew, Exquisite Pain' - Damien Hirst No stranger to controversy, Hirst's original sculpture had no fig leaf to protect his modesty. The artist added the extra detail to prevent issues with Chinese collectors and left it in when the sculpture was displayed in Qatar. Nudity can offend Islamic culture, particularly in places where the general public has not been exposed to contemporary art. Getty Images BBC News | ARTS | Empty room up for Turner Prize Tuesday, 6 November, 2001, 17:17 GMT Empty room up for Turner Prize Creed uses everyday objects in his work An empty gallery with a pair of flashing lights looks set to dominate discussion of this year's Turner Prize show, which opens in London on Wednesday. The installation, The Lights Going On and Off, is Martin Creed's contribution to the show displaying the work of the shortlist for the �20,000 prize.

Show features Nelson's The Cosmic Legend of the Uroboros Serpent Creed is joined by fellow installation artist Mike Nelson, video artist Isaac Julien and photographer Richard Billington on the list. The annual show at Tate Britain consistently attracts attention, with Tracey Emin's installation of her bedroom - My Bed - causing a stir in 1999. Simon Wilson of Tate Britain acknowledged that Creed's installation would generate a lot of interest, but said that they cannot please everybody. "We just can't win," he said. "One year we have dirty knickers and an unmade bed and people complain, now we have something as pure and simple as this and people will still complain." Julien: Formerly made conventional films and documentaries This year's award will also be in the spotlight, with pop diva and art fan Madonna presenting the prize on 9 December. Critics have hinted that Londoner Mike Nelson is the artist to watch on this year's shortlist. His contribution to the exhibition is called The Cosmic Legend of the Uroboros Serpent, which at least one visitor mistook for the store rooms of Tate Britain.

It also contains a plastic cactus, mirrors, doors and old tabloid newspapers with declarations of war, an array of army helmets and scrawled graffiti-like comments including "failed Marxist" and "this is crap". Film-maker Isaac Julien exhibits his two video installations, The Long Road to Mazatlan and Vagabondia. The Stuckists: Now have 40 groups in different countries Mr Wilson described the former as "an exploration of notions of masculinity as portrayed in Western film" and depicts a pair of cowboys swimming and hitch-hiking down a desert highway. The film was the subject of a bitter artistic dispute over copyright between Julien and his one-time collaborator, the Venezuelan-born choreographer Javier de Frutos. The pair fell out over who had contributed most to the work with Julien obtaining a high court writ against de Frutos claiming formal recognition of his copyright for the film. The issue was only recently resolved, allowing the work to be displayed at Tate Britain. Richard Billingham, best-known for his photographic portraits of his family, is exhibiting landscape photographs and two video projections, Tony Smoking Backwards and Ray in Bed, Untitled Triptych.

Ray in Bed is a home video featuring Mr Billingham's alcoholic father reluctantly waking up as his wife brings him a cup of tea. Mr Creed's previous work has included crumpled balls of paper and Blu-tac sculptures. Wilson said that he sees his minimal work as a counterpoint to the hectic, commercial world and that he "wants to make art that doesn't just contribute to clutter". Billingham: Known for his portrayals of his family But the prize is known for attracting controversy, and this year The Stuckists, a group protesting outside the gallery about the shortlist's lack of painters, have voiced their concerns. "I just realised the way forward was that these things don't reach the depths or have the expressive power that painting still has," a member of the group told BBC News Online. The Turner Prize was established in 1984 by the Tate's Patrons of New Art and is intended to promote new developments in contemporary British art. It offers a prize to a "British artist under 50 for an outstanding exhibition or other presentation of their work". The winner will be chosen by a jury chaired by Tate director Nicholas Serota.

This year's jury consists of: Patricia Bickers, the editor of Art Monthly Stuart Evans, representative of the Patrons of New Art Robert Storr, Senior Curator at the Museum of Modern Art, New York Jonathan Watkins, director of the Ikon Gallery, Birmingham. The winner will be announced at Tate Britain during a live broadcast by Channel 4. The show at Tate Britain runs until 20 January 2002. WATCH/LISTEN BBC iWonder - Is the Turner Prize worth winning? BBC iWonder Keith Tyson, Bubble Chambers 2. Img: John Li/Getty PresenterMoira JeffreyArts writer 1. The star prize PresenterMoira JeffreyArts writer The Turner Prize divides artists, critics and the general public alike. Launched in 1984 to promote contemporary British art it's one of the biggest events in the UK art world’s calendar. Some of the most familiar names in British art have won the Turner Prize, including Damien Hirst, Grayson Perry and Rachel Whiteread. But nomination can be a double-edged sword. While it raises artists’ profiles, media scrutiny of their work can be unpleasant. The prize might be awarded by a jury of art experts but the press often pours scorn on entries.

So what are the benefits of winning one of art's biggest prizes? Does it help artists’ careers or not? 2. What happens to winners? Artists Jeremy Deller, Simon Starling and Martin Boyce, who have all won the Turner Prize, explain in their own words what difference it has made to their careers. This content uses functionality that is not supported by your current browser. Consider upgrading your browser. Memory Bucket by Jeremy Deller. Photo: Jim Watson/AFP. Shedboatshed by Simon Starling. Photo: courtesy of Simon Starling. Do Words Have Voices, 2011 by Martin Boyce. Powder-coated aluminium, galvanized steel and wood, electrical components, painted steel, Jesmonite, paraffin coated crepe paper, steel. Dimensions variable. Installation view ‘Turner Prize 2011’, Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art, Gateshead, 2011. Courtesy of the artist and The Modern Institute/Toby Webster Ltd, Glasgow. Photo: Colin Davison 3. The runners-up Fred Duval/Getty Images My Bed was included in Tracey Emin’s Turner Prize exhibition in 1999. The controversy surrounding her work helped to make her a household name.

So for some, winning the Turner Prize can lead to a higher profile, an increased workload and greater interaction with the public. But runners-up can also prosper. Tracey Emin's My Bed is one of the most controversial – and recognisable – artworks displayed in the Turner Prize. Contrary to popular misconception she did not win, losing out to Steve McQueen in 1999. McQueen went on to become an Oscar-winning film director, but the outcry surrounding Emin’s exhibition worked to her advantage. The Turner Prize cemented her reputation as an artist of note while the furore surrounding her work made her a household name. Since then, Emin has become one of Britain’s best-known artists. She has staged numerous solo shows around the world, been elected to the Royal Academy, become its professor of drawing and been awarded a CBE. Emin’s contemporary Damien Hirst also successfully used the Turner Prize as a platform for greater recognition. He was nominated twice, losing out to Grenville Davey in 1992, but not before his now notorious shark in formaldehyde, titled The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, caused popular outrage.

He won three years later, again after causing controversy, this time with his sculpture of severed cows, titled Mother and Child Divided. Twenty years on and the once controversial Hirst and Emin have weathered derision aimed at their work to become grandees of the British art scene. They brought contemporary art to a mainstream audience, helped in part by the Turner Prize. 4. Shunning the spotlight Young British Artists (YBAs), Britart Young British Artists Sam Taylor-Wood. A graduate of Goldsmiths College, Taylor-Wood went on to become an active film-maker and photographer. and styles, see: History of Art . For the chronology and dates of key events in the evolution of visual arts around the world For details of the best modern painters, since 1800, see: Death 2003. Painted Bronze Sculpture by Jake and Dinos Chapman. Private Collection. Short-listed for the 2003 Turner Prize. A typically shocking "work of art" by two of the best known but controversial Young British Artists. WORLD'S GREATEST ARTWORKS For a guide to the different, categories/meanings of visual arts, see: Definition of Art .

Introduction During the late 1980s and 90s, postmodernist art in Britain was revitalized by the emergence of a confident new generation of postmodernist artists , later dubbed Young British Artists. Belonging to no particular movement, or style of art, they included a diverse mix of painters, sculptors, video/installation artists and photographers , with no shared characteristics other than their youth, their nationality and their involvement in contemporary art . Their work is often called Britart. YBAs came to notice because of three art exhibitions: Freeze (1988) and Modern Medicine (1990), both curated by an unknown Goldsmiths' College art student called Damien Hirst (b.1965), and Sensation (1997), held at the Royal Academy. From 1988 onwards, the principal YBA sponsor was the millionaire collector Charles Saatchi , whose patronage helped to make London the European capital of postmodernism. The term Young British Artists comes from the title of six exhibitions of that name held at the Saatchi Gallery in London, during the period 1992-6.

Now very much part of the British arts establishment, YBAs have featured as regular winners of the Turner Prize , and have been elected members of the London Royal Academy. They have been exhibited in many of the best galleries of contemporary art in Europe. As well as Hirst, notable artists associated with the Young British Artists 'movement' include: Tracey Emin , Jake and Dinos Chapman, Douglas Gordon, Marcus Harvey, Gary Hume, Rachel Whiteread, Gillian Wearing, Mark Wallinger, Marc Quinn, Steve McQueen, Chris Ofili, Jenny Saville and others. Note: For a comparison with avant-garde art from an earlier era, see: Modern British Sculpture (1930-70) and Contemporary British Painting (1960-2000). Young British Artists: Definition/Membership The term Young British Artists was really no more than a marketing tool to promote UK contemporary art during the 1990s. Strictly speaking, it includes only those artists who showed at Freeze, or Sensation.

However, the name is also used in a broader sense to embrace all progressive, avant-garde British artists who achieved recognition during the late 1980s and 90s. A new term Post-YBAs has been coined to describe British artists emerging in the 2000s. They include Darren Almond, Mike Nelson, Tim Noble, Oliver Payne, Nick Relph, Eva Rothschild, Simon Starling, David Thorpe, Sue Webster, Carey Young, and others. Characteristics of YBA Style of Art Works by Young British Artists include all forms of painting , a wide range of sculpture and assemblage , contemporary video and installation art , a variety of photography , and conceptual art . If they have anything in common, it is probably an anything-goes attitude to materials and the creative process. Thus famous works of Britart have included: maggots (Hirst); dead animals (Hirst); concrete casts of whole houses (Rachel Whiteread); a bed surrounded by highly personal detritus including condoms (Tracey Emin); crushed found objects with a steamroller (Cornelia Parker); elephant dung (Chris Ofili); and frozen blood (Marc Quinn), to name but a few of the many and varied materials employed.

Numerous YBA works have also employed a number of controversial references (such as Jenny Saville's paintings of grossly obese nude female forms, or the Chapman brothers' savagely mutilated shop-window dummies), in order to shock. Yet others have taken conceptual art to its limits. Witness Mark Wallinger's Turner Prize exhibit - a 2-hour film of a person wandering around an art gallery in a bear suit; or Gillian Wearing's video of actors dressed in police uniforms who stand still for an hour, in silence; or Martin Creed's installation of a white room with a single light bulb blinking on and off. Impact on UK Art YBAs have been heavily criticized for their lack of craftsmanship and other artistic qualities, by numerous art critics as well as such luminaries as the composer Simon Rattle, and the playwright Tom Stoppard. Yet others, including the British public have given Britart a very enthusiastic reception, as has - in general - the visual arts establishment. One reason for this, is that Young British Artists have refreshed and revitalised almost every medium of contemporary art, visibly raising museum attendance figures in the process.

Furthermore, they have re-vitalised a whole new generation of contemporary galleries - including Jay Jopling's White Cube, Victoria Miro, Karsten Schubert, Sadie Coles, Maureen Paley's Interim Art, and Antony Wilkinson Gallery - significantly increased the circulation of contemporary British art magazines - including Frieze, Art Monthly, Art Review, Modern Painters and Contemporary Art. YBA History The 1980s in Britain was a time of radical political and economic change. It also saw the 1984 launch of the Turner Prize for contemporary art, as well as the emergence of advertising mogul Charles Saatchi as Britain's most important post-war art collector. Saatchi began showing his collection to the public in 1985, from his gallery in St John's Wood. Early acquisitions were in the area of Minimalism and Neo-Expressionism , along with a substantial holding of works by Andy Warhol .

(See also: Andy Warhol's Pop Art of the 60s and 70s.) The 1980s was also a highpoint for Goldsmiths' College, part of the University of London, which offered a highly progressive arts program under such influential teachers as Michael Craig Martin. Nearly all of the 42 YBAs who showed at the Sensation exhibition trained at Goldsmiths. Freeze Exhibition 1988 Against this backdrop, a 2nd-year Goldsmiths' student Damien Hirst organized an exhibition of work by himself and 16 other Goldsmiths' College students, in a large disused building in the Docklands area of east London. Entitled Freeze, the show was made possible by the economic recession which had 'emptied' such properties. Although the event did not achieve any significant press exposure, it attracted a number of prestigious visitors, including Charles Saatchi, who purchased the majority of the exhibits.

Looking back, Saatchi admitted it wasn't the quality of the art which really turned his head as a collector, "What really stood out was the hopeful swagger of it all." Other YBA Exhibitions After graduating from Goldsmiths' in 1989, Hirst achieved a major breakthrough in 1990 when he co-curated two more influential 'warehouse' shows, in a Bermondsey factory. At the Modern Medicine exhibition, Saatchi reportedly was gob-smacked by Hirst's installation A Thousand Years. Saatchi immediately bought the piece thus initiating a long and fruitful business relationship with the young artist. Up until now, Saatchi's main focus had been on established figures like Andy Warhol, Phillip Guston, Alex Katz, Richard Serra, Anselm Kiefer, Sigmar Polke, Gerhard Richter, Donald Judd and others. Now he turned his attention to the new upcoming group of YBAs. Also in 1990, YBAs Henry Bond and Sarah Lucas curated the East Country Yard Show, whose exhibits were displayed over 16,000 square metres of space.

Although overall visitor attendance figures remained low, the show captured the attention of critics and some collectors, and signalled the coming rise of Britart. According to Andrew Graham-Dixon, art critic of The Independent, the YBA shows were far superior to comparable events held at any of the country's established contemporary art institutions, including the Liverpool Tate new multi-million-pound venue. As a result, commercial galleries - such as Joshua Compston's gallery (Shoreditch) and the Serpentine Gallery (Hyde Park) began showcasing YBA works. Soon after this, a new wave of YBAs appeared in exhibitions such as New Contemporaries, New British Summertime and Minky Manky. Among them was the Anglo-Cypriot artist Tracey Emin (b.1963). Charles Saatchi Patronage (1992-97) Not long after the 1991 Serpentine show, the Saatchi Gallery began a series of six exhibitions devoted exclusively to YBA art, entitled Young British Artists I-VI.

Staged during the period 1992-1996, these shows not only established the label "Young British Artists", which turned out to be a very potent marketing tool, but also generated massive media coverage for many late 20th century painters and contemporary artists from Britain, thus helping them to establish their reputations at home and abroad. Thus for example, in 1995, Britart crossed the Atlantic with its large-scale group show entitled Brilliant! held at the respected Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, USA; while Damien Hirst's pickled shark (The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living) became a worldwide symbol of avant-garde British art in the final decade of the 20th century. Finally, in 1997, in a show of official recognition of the movement, Saatchi was permitted to co-curate the Sensation exhibition at the Royal Academy of Arts in London , which featured works by 42 YBAs from his private collection. Thanks to Charles Saatchi, Young British Artists were now part of the postmodernist establishment. Turner Prize Winners Further recognition followed.

A number of YBAs were shortlisted for the annual Turner Prize, one of the UK's few major awards for contemporary artists, and duly received additional TV exposure on Channel 4, the competition's sponsor. Members of the 'YBA movement' among the Turner Prize winners , include: Rachel Whiteread (1993), Damien Hirst (1995), Douglas Gordon (1996), Gillian Wearing (1997), Chris Ofili (1998), Steve McQueen (1999), Mark Wallinger (2007). Britart: 2000 Onwards Ironically, the launch in 2000 of the Tate Modern - Britain's premier museum for contemporary art- did not provide a particular boost for YBAs, although the inclusion of their works confirmed that they had definitely 'arrived.' In early 2003, the Saatchi Gallery moved from St John's Wood to the County Hall building on the South Bank, and began its coverage of Britart with a retrospective of Damien Hirst.

Then in May 2004, a fire in Saatchi's storage warehouse caused the destruction of several important works, including Tracey Emin's Everyone I Have Ever Slept With: 19631995. In the same year, Saatchi declared that most YBAs would proved "nothing but footnotes" in history, and proceeded to sell a large number of YBA works - many of which at a huge profit. Famous Artworks By Young British Artists Examples of well-known works by YBAs can be seen in some of the best art museums in the UK. Here is a short selected list of works. All works are held by the Saatchi Gallery London, unless indicated. In addition, works by YBAs can be seen in some of the Best Contemporary Art Festivals around the world.

Jake and Dinos Chapman (b.1962 and 1966) Hell (1999-2000) Two Fried Eggs and a Kebab (1992) Pauline Bunny (1997) Tate Collection, London Tracey Emin (b.1963) Everyone I have Ever Slept With 1963-1995 (1995) My Bed (1999) Untitled (Freestanding Bed) (1991) Southampton Art Gallery Marcus Harvey (b.1963)

Question: Which artist caused controversy with their installation called My Bed in the 1999 Turner Prize exhibition?
Answer: Tracy Emin