General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Introduction to inorganic chemistry: What is laughing gas? Introduction to inorganic chemistry Next Question What is laughing gas? Laughing gas is nitrous oxide, N2O (more properly called dinitrogen oxide). It is a colorless gas with a sweet odor and taste. Inhalation leads to disorientation, euphoria, numbness, loss of motor coordination, dizziness, and ultimately a loss of consciousness. The gas is used as an anaesthetic, as a propellant in whipped cream cans, and as an oxidizing agent in racing cars. What is the structure of nitrous oxide? Linear structure of N2O. Click on the picture for a 3D Chime model. Formal charge considerations suggest that the most important resonance structures are A third structure involving a triple bond between the nitrogen and oxygen is unlikely because that would result in high formal charges. These resonance structures can be used to explain experimental bond lengths. The nitrogen-nitrogen bond is 1.126 Angstroms long which is slightly longer than the triple bond length in N2 (1.098 Angstroms). The nitrogen-oxygen bond is 1.186 Angstroms long.

This is longer than the typical N=O bond (about 1.14 Angstroms), which agrees with the prediction of partial single-bond character for the NO bond in N2O. The molecule is not strongly polar, despite the large electronegativity difference between nitrogen and oxygen. The resonance structures again can be used to explain why: the negative formal charge is concentrated on the terminal nitrogen in the structure at left,. The oxygen bears a negative formal charge in the other structure. Each structure is polar, but the dipole moments point in opposite directions. The dipole moment is expected to be small due to cancellation of the contributions from both structures. The low polarity of the gas makes it both fat and water soluble. This allows it to travel through the bloodstream and into the fatty membranes of nerve cells where it produces its characteristic effects. Nitrous oxide's fat solubility and low toxicity make it an ideal propellant for whipped cream. It dissolves easily in cream under pressure and bubbles out of solution when the pressure is released, creating a fine creamy foam. How was nitrous oxide discovered?

Joseph Priestley (the discover of oxygen, soda pop , and carbon dioxide) described the preparation of "nitrous air diminished" in his classic 1772 paper Observations on Different Kinds of Air. The gas he collected over mercury supported combustion, but did not itself burn. He described the bizarre enlarged double-cone of a candle flame in nitrous oxide with great excitement: "I have now discovered an air five or six times as good as common air... nothing I ever did has surprised me more, or is more satisfactory." But Priestley seems to have overlooked the powerful psychoactive effects of breathing nitrous oxide. Over 20 years later, Humphry Davy wrote about the intoxicating effects of nitrous oxide , comparing them to the effects of alcohol. Breathing air after inhaling high concentrations of the gas sometimes lead to hysterical laughter. It also lead to a cessation of pain and "laughing gas" became the first artifical anaesthetic. It was in common use by surgeons in the late 19th century, and is still widely used in dentistry today. Why is nitrous oxide used in rocket fuels and racing cars? Nitrous oxide supports combustion better than air does.

The N2O molecule dissociates at temperatures well below what is required for combustion, delivering an atom of oxygen and freeing molecular nitrogen: N2O(g) N2(g) + O(g) The free oxygen atom quickly reacts with the fuel. A huge gain in horsepower results, since more fuel can be burned in less time. If there is a large excess of nitrous oxide in the engine, the fuel will detonate. At the extremely high temperature produced by the explosion, oxygen atoms freed by decomposing N2O will attack the engine metal, severely damaging it. How is nitrous oxide prepared? The gas is present in trace amounts in Earth's atmosphere as a result of high temperature reactions between nitrogen and oxygen. Industrially the gas is prepared by gently heating ammonium nitrate [ Archibald ]: NH4NO3(s) 2 H2O(g) + N2O(g) The preparation is dangerous because of N2O's tendency to explosively decompose into nitrogen and oxygen at high temperatures.

(The World Trade Center and Oklahoma City bombings involved detonation of nitrous oxide produced by rapid high temperature decomposition.) N2O manufactured this way should NOT be inhaled, because it is contaminated with NO2 (a corrosive, irritating gas that can cause permanent lung and genetic damage!) Is breathing nitrous oxide dangerous? While anaesthetists mix nitrous oxide with oxygen, recreational users sometimes do not. Breathing gas rushing from a cylinder can quickly flush all air out of the lungs and cause suffocation. Another hazard of nitrous oxide stems from the fact that it is NOT an ideal gas. N2O molecules attract each other. The attractions require energy to break, so the expansion absorbs heat and the temperature of the gas plummets. A rapid expansion of nitrous oxide can cool it enough to cause frostbite. People doing whippets have actually frozen their lips, tongues, or vocal cords- and under the anaesthetic influence of nitrous oxide, the damage is done before any pain is felt. Nitrous oxide has also been linked to birth defects, nerve damage, and permanent organ damage. References and Links A Short History of Chemistry, J. R. Partington, Dover, New York, 1989.

Engravings showing the apparatus Priestley used to isolate nitrous oxide can be found in Partington's book, along with much interesting biographical information. The Preparation of Pure Inorganic Substances, E. H. Archibald, Wiley, New York, 1932. Preparation of nitrous oxide by thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate. Earth Science FAQs: Why doesn't the Nitrous Oxide in the air make us funny? CONTACT US Why doesn't the Nitrous Oxide in the air make us funny? The chemical formula for nitrous oxide is N2O. Actually, the elements that make up N2O, nitrogen and oxygen, are the two most abundant elements in the earth's atmosphere. Nearly 99 percent of the earth's atmosphere is nitrogen and oxygen. In the atmosphere, both oxygen and nitrogen exist in their natural ans most stable elemental states; in other words, atmospheric oxygen exists as a molecule of two oxygen atoms bonded together, O2, and atmospheric nitrogen exists as a molecule of two nitrogen atoms bonded together, N2. O2 and N2 are very stable molecules and don't usually break up to form a compound like N2O.

In fact, the N2O that dentist use as laughing gas is made by a completely differnt chemical reaction. So, naturally, there is very little N2O in the atmosphere (about 0.000003 percent), but due mostly to human activity, it is actually increasing by about 0.3 percent every year. Even so, there is not enough N2O in the atmosphere to make us giggly. (Laughing gas is actually 50 percent O2 and 50 percent N2O; a very concentrated mixture compared to the air we breathe everyday.) So, if there isn't enough N2O in the atmosphere to make us funny, why is it considered a problem? N2O is extremely efficient at warming up the atmosphere. In fact, one molecule of N2O has 200 to 300 times the greenhouse warming effect of CO2, the primary greenhouse gas. So, it only takes a little N2O to cause greenhouse warming, but it takes a whole lot to make us funny.

For more information about nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases, you might try some of these web sites: NOS - Nitrous Oxide NOS "I am sure the air in heaven must be this wonder working gas of delight". So wrote poet Robert Southey of nitrous oxide, N2O, also known as nitrogen oxide, dinitrogen monoxide, hyponitrous acid anhydride and facticious air. However, its most well known name is 'laughing gas' or 'happy gas' due to its intoxicating effects when inhaled. At room temperature, it is a colorless non-flammable gas, with a pleasant, slightly sweet odor and taste. N2O was first discovered in 1793 by the English scientist and clergyman Joseph Priestley (who was also famous for being the first to isolate other important gases such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide). Priestley made N2O by heating ammonium nitrate in the presence of iron filings, and then passing the gas that came off (NO) through water to remove toxic by-products.

The reaction he observed was: 2NO + H2O + Fe N2O + Fe(OH)2 After initial trials, Priestley thought that N2O could be used as a preserving agent, but this proved unsuccessful. Following Priestley's discovery, Humphry Davy of the Pneumatic Institute in Bristol, England, experimented with the physiological properties of the gas, such as its effects upon respiration. He even administered the gas to visitors to the institute, and after watching the amusing effects on people who inhaled it, coined the term 'laughing gas'! Davy even noted the anesthetic effects of the gas: "As nitrous oxide in its extensive operation appears capable of destroying physical pain, it may probably be used with advantage during surgical operations in which no great effusion of blood takes place". However, despite this observation, for the next 40 years or so the primary use of N2O was for recreational enjoyment and public shows. So called nitrous oxide capers took place in traveling medicine shows and carnivals, where the public would pay a small price to inhale a minute's worth of the gas.

People would laugh and act silly until the effect of the drug came to its abrupt end, when they would stand about in confusion. Many famous people (of their time) and dignitaries from Clifton and Bristol came to inhale Davy's purified nitrous oxide for recreational purposes. Nitrous oxide found a more scientific use as an anesthetic in clinical dentistry and medicine in the early 1840s. It is a very safe and popular agent still utilized by dentists today. It is much less toxic than alternatives, such as chloroform, with far less risk of explosion than ether. The main use for N2O is usually as a mild sedative and analgesic. It helps to allay anxiety that many patients may have toward dental treatment, and it offers some degree of painkilling ability. However, when inhaled in pure form in large quantities it will cause death by asphyxiation because at atmospheric temperatures and pressure, the oxygen in nitrous oxide is not available to the body. At room temperature, N2O is quite unreactive with most substances, including alkali metals, halogens, and even ozone. Nitrous oxide reacts with ozone and is the main naturally occurring regulator of stratospheric ozone.

Nitrous oxide is also a major greenhouse gas. Considered over a 100 year period, it has 298 times more impact per unit weight than carbon dioxide. Nitrous oxide makes up an extremely small amount of the atmosphere - it is less than one-thousandth as abundant as carbon dioxide. However, it is 200 to 300 times more effective in trapping heat than carbon dioxide. It has one of the longest atmosphere lifetimes of the greenhouse gases, lasting for up to 150 years. When heated sufficiently, however, N2O decomposes exothermically to N2 and O2. It is also used as an oxidizer in rocketry (This has the advantages over other oxidizers that it is non-toxic and, due to its stability at room temperature, easy to store and relatively safe to carry on a flight. As a secondary benefit it can be readily decomposed to form breathing air. Its high density and low storage pressure enable it to be highly competitive with stored high-pressure gas systems) and in motor racing to increase the power output of engines. At elevated temperatures, nitrous oxide is a powerful oxidizer similar to oxygen. What all this have to do with cars!

You have seen it in the movies. Hit a button and in an instant the engine produces 50, 100, 150 or more additional horsepower. Is it magic? Not really. The explanation is rather simple, but before understanding how a nitrous-oxide system allows an engine to generate a rush of additional horsepower, it's best to understand a little on how the engine itself works. Internal combustion engines are designed to convert one form of energy to another. The engine takes the energy in the fuel and then, through combustion, the fuel's energy is converted into heat and pressure to produce some power and torque at the flywheel. Even if you can't remember this, all that you need to remember at this moment is that the more fuel that you can combust, the more power that you can make. Bottom line, to make more power we need to be able to combust more fuel. This brings us to combustion. What do we need to be able to burn more fuel? The answer is simple, as just two things are needed. First, we need a way of adding additional fuel. Second, and more important, we need something that will supply an additional amount of oxygen to let the fuel burn.

In racing, nitrous oxide (often referred as "nitrous" or "NOS" from the acronym NOS which is the brand Nitrous Oxide Systems) allows the engine to burn more fuel and oxygen, resulting in a more powerful combustion. A property of nitrous oxide is that at about 300 degrees C it breaks down into nitrogen and oxygen. When it is introduced into the intake of an internal combustion engine, it is sucked into the combustion chamber and, on the compression stroke, when the charge air temperature reaches about 300 °C, a very oxygen-rich mixture results. So the injection of nitrous oxide into an engine means that more oxygen is available during combustion. Because you have more oxygen, you can (MUST) also inject more fuel, allowing the same engine to produce more power. But too much oxygen can become a problem. High levels of oxygen alone will cause detonation and engine damage. To keep things safe, the ratio of air/fuel must be kept in check, so additional fuel must be delivered when the nitrous system is running. To keep enough fuel running into the engine, bigger fuel lines are a must, and a high-output fuel pump is also necessary.

Nitrous oxide has another effect that improves performance even more. Gas is stored in high pressure tank at about 900 psi. At this pressure, nitrous oxide is in a liquid form. When it is released into an intake manifold at atmospheric pressure, it changes to a gas, expands and vaporizes. When it vaporizes, nitrous oxide provides a significant cooling effect on the intake air. When you reduce the intake air temperature, you increase the air's density, resulting in a denser charge, further allowing more air/fuel mixture to enter the cylinder. As you add this boost of oxygen, you also get a lower manifold temperature because of the phase change of the nitrous oxide from a liquid to a gas. When we add extra fuel during nitrous oxide injection, the effect is like a super charger or increasing the compression ratio of the engine. Automotive nitrous systems work like the automotive equivalent of a jet's "afterburner" and is used only for short duration extra bursts of power. Nitrous oxide has this effect because it has a higher percentage of oxygen content than does the air in the atmosphere. Nitrous has 36% oxygen by weight and the atmosphere has 21 to 23%.

Additionally, nitrous oxide is 50% more dense than air at the same pressure. Chemical reaction that happened in the cylinder is as follows: If this reaction occurs in the combustion chamber, extra oxygen is produced providing an extra boost. It also has one more benefit. Nitrogen itself buffers the increased cylinder pressure controlling the combustion. For the maximum horsepower and for instant power on demand, there is no substitute for nitrous oxide. Typical NOS kit for stock car upgrade Nitrous oxide is also a great value on a dollar-per-unit-power increase when installed and operated properly. The downside, of course, is the fun ends quickly. The power boost lasts as long as the bottle of nitrous. The average bottle is a 5 or 10 kilograms and with a street V6 at 4000 RPM that might be worth 30 to 120 seconds of use. Although it does provide impressive power gains for naturally aspirated engines, the rate of depletion of nitrous oxide is rapid. It is for this reason, that the use of nitrous oxide is primarily confined to drag racing, street straight racing, and other short duration racing applications. Maximum acceleration is the primary objective for these sports, while endurance is not.

Therefore, a car normally carries only a few minutes of nitrous oxide, and the driver uses it very selectively by pushing a button. Another problem with nitrous oxide system is that it is fairly bulky. Regardless of who manufacturers the nitrous-oxide system, every nitrous-oxide system accomplishes both tasks of supplying a gas and additional amount of fuel. Dry system nozzle Wet system nozzles In some way, either through the stock injectors or by adding additional fuel nozzles, the nitrous oxide control system puts more fuel into the engine. The Basic System A bottle, high-pressure lines, solenoids, jets and nozzles are included in all nitrous-oxide systems. The nitrous-oxide bottle usually holds 5 to10 kilograms of nitrous oxide and the trunk is the most popular mounting location. A high-pressure line will carry the nitrous oxide to the solenoid valve. The solenoid is an electronically controlled valve. When a signal of 12 volts is sent to the solenoid, it opens and nitrous oxide is then sent to the nozzle and into the engine.

At the same time that nitrous oxide is injected into the engine, the nitrous-oxide system will by some means add additional fuel into the engine. The original and most simplified method of injecting the fuel is by using a solenoid and nozzle setup. This setup is often referred to as a "wet" system and is nearly identical to the configuration for the nitrous except that the fuel is injected at anywhere from 6 to 60 psi, while the nitrous oxide is injected at 700 to 1200 psi. "Dry" and "Computer Controlled" Systems The term "dry" nitrous-oxide system refers to nitrous-oxide systems that use the original car injectors to supply the additional fuel into the engine. The original dry systems designed by Nitrous Oxide Systems send a pressure signal to the stock fuel pressure regulator to increase the fuel pressure. This increase in fuel pressure allows the injectors to supply more fuel for the added nitrous oxide. Taking a bit of a different approach, Venom's VC-2000 system uses a car computer control module to increase the amount of time that the injectors are open to put more fuel into the engine.

Additionally, the Venom system uses the signal from the vehicle's oxygen sensor to ensure that a safe air-fuel ratio is maintained. If the sensor detects an excess of nitrous without enough fuel, the Venom system shuts off the delivery of nitrous oxide, saving the engine from harm. High pressure braided hose lines The Good, the Bad, the Ugly The good news is that dollar for dollar, the horsepower increase from a properly installed nitrous-oxide system is hard to beat. Most starter systems come ready to generate an additional 40 to 120 hp. Above this power level, a more sophisticated system is required and previous experience with nitrous oxide is highly suggested. The bad news is that an improperly installed nitrous-oxide system can cause severe engine damage. If nitrous oxide is injected into the engine without supplying an adequate amount of fuel or no fuel at all, then you've got trouble. The temperatures in the combustion chamber will skyrocket, and the engine may detonate and parts will be broken and melted. There are some ugly facts that you'll have to face when it comes to using a nitrous-oxide system. First, bottles are only so big.

The more frequently you use the juice, the more times you will be refilling the bottle. Second, the less you learn about nitrous, the more likely you are to have a bad experience. Third, and most important, it is not the use of nitrous oxide that causes engine damage. It is the misuse of nitrous oxide by the tuner and driver. Every engine has its limit. A stock engine doesn't have the toughness of a racing engine. Chances are that there's a tuner out there with your same engine and they have experience with using nitrous oxide on your engine. If they tell you that a 40-hp shot is all that you can do on a stock engine, believe them. NOS solenoid valves Better Safe, Than Sorry If you want to have a good nitrous-oxide system experience there are some considerations you can make to increase the chances of coming away with a smile. Since a nitrous-oxide system relies on the fuel system, it is always best to be sure that your fuel system is at its peak efficiency. Factory fuel filters begin to degrade in performance as early as 10,000 kilometers.

When installing a new nitrous-oxide system, it is recommended that you replace your factory fuel filter and be sure that the injectors are clean. The other area that you need to address is the vehicle's ignition system. A factory ignition system is designed to operate at near factory horsepower levels. A nitrous-oxide system can easily overcome the capabilities of a stock ignition system. Be sure that the spark plugs are new and that the ignition cables are in good condition. The cap and rotor should also be inspected on non-direct-ignition-system (non-DIS) cars. An ignition amplifier, high-performance ignition wires and spark plugs that are one heat range cooler (for applications over 50 hp). In the absence of an ignition amplifier, it's a good idea to tighten your spark plug gap by 0.25 to 0.1 mm. This will make it easier for your ignition to generate a spark even in the high-horsepower range. P.S: A friend of mine experimented with the use of Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas) during his teenage years. At the time, he felt certain it was safe to use, while noting with confidence that it is widely used in dentistry, and is generally regarded as harmless.

However, as his experimentation increased, along with a corresponding increase in consumption of the gas, he began to experience a disturbing side affect which impaired the clarity of his vision while under the effect of the gas, and to a lesser degree when the gas had worn off. The discovery of this unwanted side effect prompted him to discontinue the use of nitrous oxide in a recreational sense, after which, he was relieved to find that the residual impairment of his vision subsided within a short period of time. I thought I might mention my friend's experience, in case you might choose to reference it on your web page in an effort to educate those who might similarly be inclined to regard the gas as being harmless in all regards. Because nitrous oxide is minimally metabolized, it retains its potency when exhaled into the room by the patient and can pose an intoxicating and prolonged-exposure hazard to the clinic staff if the room is poorly ventilated. Where nitrous oxide is administered, a continuous-flow fresh-air ventilation system or nitrous-scavenging system is used to prevent waste gas buildup. Nitrous oxide can be habit-forming because of its short-lived effect.

In the United States, possession of nitrous oxide is legal under federal law and is not subject to DEA purview. It is, however, regulated by the Food and Drug Administration under the Food Drug and Cosmetics Act; prosecution is possible under its "misbranding" clauses, prohibiting the sale or distribution of nitrous oxide for the purpose of human consumption. In some countries, it is illegal to have nitrous oxide systems plumbed into an engine's intake manifold. These laws are ostensibly used to prevent street racing and meet emission standards. Nitrous oxide is entirely legal to possess and inhale in the United Kingdom, although supplying it to others to inhale, especially minors, is more likely to end up with a prosecution under the Medicines Act. In New Zealand, the Ministry of Health has warned that nitrous oxide is a prescription medicine, and its sale or possession without a prescription is an offense under the Medicines Act. of the chemical, though it is implied that only recreational use will be legally targeted. Because I'm Croatian, I can say that in my country nitrous oxide is mentioned only in lows talking about medical use. Similarly as in the New Zealand this statement would seemingly prohibit all non-medicinal uses.

Books to read Some useful links: - f1technical.net , a great site with a lot of technical information’s and explanations. Site is updated daily with news from F1 word. - autosport.com , This site is a legend. A bible for racing lovers. News from all around the word. Unfortunately, to get access to all news, interviews and to open the site completely you should be subscribed to Autosport magazine. Anyway, great read. - JA.F1 site (or blog) ovned by ITV Sport’s lead commentator on Formula 1 James Allen - joesaward is the Joe Saward official blog about Formula 1 world. Joe is an journalist, who write primarily about politics in and around motorsport, specifically on the FIA Formula 1 World Championship - vitalf1.com/ is another great site for Motor Sports fan’s like me. Site is relatively new, but great fun, with great discussion forum , Formula 1 news and forum . - f1.gpupdate.net , Site with fresh news from Formula 1 - planetf1 , another site with many different articles, news and statistics. Biased toward British teams, but anyway good read. - gurneyflap.com , Great history site.

You can learn a lot from this site. Pictures, cars and many many more. Great. - 4ormula1 is a database of Formula 1 history and statistics of drivers, teams, grand prix, and all results since 1950 - Racecar Engineering , an online magazine with a lot to learn from, a lot of technical information’s and explanations - fia.com , La Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, representing the interests of motoring organisations and motor car users. Head organisation and ruler in auto sport. - wikipedia.org , I don’t believe that I have to tell you anything about this site. It’s not about Formula 1 technology, but you can learn a lot about that too. - carbibles.com , a great site for normal car users. Here you can find explanations of almost everything about your car and how it works. Technical reviews and explanations of some in-car gadgets. - Daretobedifferent.org Susie Wolff and UK governing body of UK motorsport have joined forces to launch Dare To Be Different, a high-profile new initiative which is about increasing female participation, not just on the track but in all aspects of the sport.

Nitrous oxide | Define Nitrous oxide at Dictionary.com nitrous oxide noun, Chemistry, Pharmacology. 1. a colorless, sweet-smelling, sweet-tasting, nonflammable, slightly water-soluble gas, N 2 O, that sometimes produces a feeling of exhilaration when inhaled: used chiefly as an anesthetic in dentistry and surgery, in the manufacture of chemicals, and as an aerosol. Expand Examples from the Web for nitrous oxide Expand Contemporary Examples Campbell is quoted saying “nitrous oxide can explode on its own.” Historic Inventions Rupert S. Holland Carbonic acid gas and nitrous oxide; occasionally used in phthisis, by means of a bladder and mouth-piece. British Dictionary definitions for nitrous oxide Expand noun 1. a colourless nonflammable slightly soluble gas with a sweet smell: used as an anaesthetic in dentistry and surgery. Formula: N2O Systematic name dinitrogen oxide Also called laughing gas Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd.

1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Nitrous oxide | N2O | ChemSpider Nitrous oxide CSID:923, (accessed 19:22, Jan 18, 2017) Copy Nitrous oxide [JAN] [JP15] [Trade name] [USP] [Wiki] Oxido nitroso [Spanish] Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users 00583_FLUKA [DBID] -90.8 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 16005 -90.81 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 22334 -132 F (-91.1111 °C) NIOSH QX1350000 Miscellaneous NIOSH REL*: TWA 25 ppm (46

 mg/m 3 ) (TWA over the time exposed) [*Note: REL for exposure to waste anesthetic gas.] OSHA PEL : none NIOSH QX1350000 Gas Chromatography Retention Index (Normal Alkane): 182 (Program type: Complex; Column ...

(show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 40C(6min)=>5C/min=>80C=>10C/min=>200C; CAS no: 10024972; Active phase: SPB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 5 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56.) NIST Spectra nist ri Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module Density: Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection Agency’s EPISuite Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC): Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) = 0.05 Boiling Pt

, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42): Boiling Pt (deg C): 683.36 (Adapted Stein & Brown method) Melting Pt (deg C): 298.25 (Mean or Weighted MP) VP(mm Hg,25 deg C): 2.9E-019 (Modified Grain method) Subcooled liquid VP: 3.24E-016 mm Hg (25 deg C, Mod-Grain method) Water Solubility Estimate from Log Kow (WSKOW v1.41): Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L): 1e+006 log Kow used: 0.05 (estimated) no-melting pt equation used Water Sol Estimate from Fragments: Wat Sol (v1.01 est) = 1e+006 mg/L ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSAR v0.99h): Class(es) found: Diazoniums Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) [HENRYWIN v3.10]: Bond Method : 2.0

3E-006 atm-m3/mole Group Method: Incomplete Henrys LC [VP/WSol estimate using EPI values]: 1.718E-026 atm-m3/mole Log Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient (25 deg C) [KOAWIN v1.10]: Log Kow used: 0.05 (KowWin est) Log Kaw used: -4.081 (HenryWin est) Log Koa (KOAWIN v1.10 estimate): 4.131 Log Koa (experimental database): None Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10): Biowin1 (Linear Model) : 0.7261 Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model) : 0.9145 Expert Survey Biodegradation Results: Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model): 3.0997 (weeks ) Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) : 3.7828 (days ) MITI Biodegradation Probability: Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model) : 0.5689 Biowin6 (

MITI Non-Linear Model): 0.8147 Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability: Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model): 0.3984 Ready Biodegradability Prediction: YES Hydrocarbon Biodegradation (BioHCwin v1.01): Structure incompatible with current estimation method!

Sorption to aerosols (25 Dec C)[AEROWIN v1.00]: Vapor pressure (liquid/subcooled): 4.32E-014 Pa (3.24E-016 mm Hg) Log Koa (Koawin est ): 4.131 Kp (particle/gas partition coef.

(m3/ug)): Mackay model : 6.94E+007 Octanol/air (Koa) model: 3.32E-009 Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi): Junge-Pankow model : 1 Mackay model : 1 Octanol/air (Koa) model: 2.66E-007 Atmospheric Oxidation (25 deg C) [AopWin v1.92]: Hydroxyl Radicals Reaction: OVERALL OH Rate Constant = 0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec Half-Life = ------- Ozone Reaction: No Ozone Reaction Estimation Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi): 1 (Junge,Mackay) Note: the sorbed fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation Soil Adsorption Coefficient (PCKOCWIN v1.66): Koc : 14.3 Log Koc: 1.155 Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v1.67]: Rate constants can NOT be estimated for this structure!

Bioaccumulation Estimates from Log Kow (BCFWIN v2.17): Log BCF from regression-based method = 0.500 (BCF = 3.162) log Kow used: 0.05 (estimated) Volatilization from Water: Henry LC: 2.03E-006 atm-m3/mole (estimated by Bond SAR Method) Half-Life from Model River: 194.2 hours (8.092 days) Half-Life from Model Lake : 2175 hours (90.62 days) Removal In Wastewater Treatment: Total removal: 1.96 percent Total biodegradation: 0.09 percent Total sludge adsorption: 1.76 percent Total to Air: 0.12 percent (using 10000 hr Bio P,A,S) Level III Fugacity Model: Mass Amount Half-Life Emissions (percent) (hr) (kg/hr) Air 1.88 1e+005 1000 Water 39.5 360 1000 Soil 58.6 7

20 1000 Sediment 0.0729 3.24e+003 0 Persistence Time: 525 hr Click to predict properties on the Chemicalize site Search ChemSpider: Nitrous Oxide,Properties of N2O,Properties of Laughing Gas,Manufacturing Nitrous Oxide,Applications of N2O Laughing Gas » MSDS of Hydrogen Nitrous oxide commonly known as "laughing gas", has been used since long period to relieve pain and anxiousness during medical procedures.

This gas had been known since 1793. But it came into medicinal use for anesthetic purposes in 1844 when a dentist Mr. Horace Wells tried it on himself while having a tooth extracted. Ask For Price Nitrous oxide is a compound with the chemical formula N2O. At standard temperature and pressure, N2O is a colorless, non-flammable gas with a pleasant and slightly sweet odor and taste. It is used in dental treatment and surgery for its anesthetic and analgesic effects. It is also used in motor racing as an oxidizer to increase the power output of engines. It acts as a boosting power in Racing cars. Properties of N2O Nitrous oxide deactivates the cobalamin form of vitamin B12 by oxidation. Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, including myelopathy, encephalopathy and sensory neuropathy, can occur within days or weeks of exposure to nitrous oxide anesthesia in people with subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency. Symptoms are handled with high doses of vitamin B12, but recovery can be slow and incomplete.

Compressed nitrous oxide is usually stored at room temperature, but as the gas expands it quickly cools to sub-zero temperatures via the Joule-Thomson Effect. A leak or unexpected release of compressed nitrous oxide can result in an immediate and severe burn. Manufacturing process of N2O Nitrous oxide is commonly prepared by deliberate heating of ammonium nitrate, which decomposes into nitrous oxide and water vapor. NH4NO3(s) = 2 H2O(g) + N2O(g) Uses of N2O Ï Nitrous oxide has been used recreationally as an inhalant, because it causes euphoria and slight delusions. Ï It acts as a boost for racing cars. Ï Nitrous oxide can also be used in a monopropellant rocket Ï The gas is approved for use as a food additive, specifically as an aerosol spray propellant Ï Nitrous oxide can be used as an oxidizer in a rocket motor. Ï It is also used as an Anesthetics. Ï Nitrous oxide is relatively non-polar, has a low molecular weight, and high lipid solubility. As a result it can quickly diffuse into phospho-lipid cell membranes.

nitrous oxide (N2O) | chemical compound | Britannica.com Nitrous oxide (N2O) See Article History Alternative Titles: dinitrogen monoxide, laughing gas, nitrous Nitrous oxide (N2 O ), also called dinitrogen monoxide, laughing gas, or nitrous, one of several oxides of nitrogen , a colourless gas with pleasant, sweetish odour and taste, which when inhaled produces insensibility to pain preceded by mild hysteria , sometimes laughter. (Because inhalation of small amounts provides a brief euphoric effect and nitrous oxide is not illegal to possess, the substance has been used as a recreational drug.) Nitrous oxide was discovered by the English chemist Joseph Priestley in 1772; another English chemist, Humphry Davy , later named it and showed its physiological effect. A principal use of nitrous oxide is as an anesthetic in surgical operations of short duration; prolonged inhalation causes death. The gas is also used as a propellant in food aerosols. In automobile racing , nitrous oxide is injected into an engine’s air intake; the extra oxygen allows the engine to burn more fuel per stroke.

It is prepared by the action of zinc on dilute nitric acid , by the action of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) on sodium nitrite (NaNO2), and, most commonly, by the decomposition of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Canister of nitrous oxide for use in aerating whipping cream. Turkeyphant

Question: What is the chemical formula for laughing gas (nitrous oxide)?
Answer: N2O