7 Impressive Cathedrals in England - Trainline Blog 7 Impressive Cathedrals in England England does them rather well. Here are some of the best. 1. Canterbury Cathedral Geoffrey Chaucer made a rather lengthy trek here in the 1300’s. Thankfully, it’s much faster to reach by trains to Canterbury in the 21st century. Canterbury West is just 56 minutes from London St Pancras. 2. Salisbury Cathedral A leading example of early English architecture, Salisbury Cathedral has the tallest church spire in the UK, reaching 123 metres (404 feet). Trains to Salisbury run from London Waterloo, Exeter, Cardiff and Bristol. 3. Truro Cathedral An Anglican Cathedral located in Cornwall, it is one of only 2 in the country that boasts 3 spires. If you’re planning a visit, the Great Western Railway route from London Paddington to Truro offers some of the most stunning views on the British train network. 4. Westminster Cathedral Westminster Cathedral is none other than the largest Catholic Church in England, and attracts thousands of tourists per year. Jump on a train to London to see it for yourself. 5.

Guildford Cathedral Scenes from the movie ‘The Omen’ were filmed here. If you fancy seeing where Damien was sacrificed on the Altar, this is the one for you. Trains to Guildford run every 15 minutes from London Waterloo. 6. Ely Cathedral A major tourist destination, Ely Cathedral receives around 250,000 visitors every year. Trains to Ely run from London Kings Cross, Norwich and Birmingham New Street. salisbury cathedral - 必应 Sign in Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is an Anglican cathedral in Salisbury, England, and one of the leading examples of Early English architecture. The main body of the cathedral was completed in only 38 years, from 1220 to 1258. The cathedral has the tallest church spire in the United Kingdom (123m/404 ft). Visitors can take the "Tower Tour" where the interior of the hollow spire, with its ancient wood scaffolding, can be viewed. The cathedral also has the largest cloister and the largest cath ... (展开) edral close in Britain (80 acres (32 ha)).

It contains the world's oldest working clock (from AD 1386) and has the best surviving of the four original copies of Magna Carta (all four original copies are in England). In 2008, the cathedral celebrated the 750th anniversary of its consecration. The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese of Salisbury and seat of the Bishop of Salisbury, the Rt Revd Nick Holtam. 第一索尔兹伯里大教堂建在山上的圣主教薇之间的1075和1092。 一个更大的大厦是建立在同一站点大约1120。 答 The first Salisbury Cathedral was built on the hill by St Bishop Osmund between 1075 and 1092. A larger building was built on the same site circa 1120. How old is the Salisbury cathedral? 答 The foundation stone was laid on 28 April 1220, and by 1258 the nave, transepts and choir were complete. The west front was ready by 1265.

Salisbury Cathedral History As a response to deteriorating relations between the clergy and the military at Old Sarum Cathedral, the decision was taken to resite the cathedral and the bishopric was moved to Salisbury. The move occurred during the tenure of Bishop Richard Poore, a wealthy man who donated the land on which it was built. The new cathedral was paid for by donations, principally from the canons and vicars of southeast England who were asked to contribute a fixed annual sum until it was completed. A legend tells that the Bishop of Old Sarum shot an arrow in the direction he would build the cathedral but the arrow hit a deer that died in the place where Salisbury Cathedral is now. The cathedral crossing, Old Sarum and Stonehenge are reputed to be aligned on a ley line, though Clive L.N. Ruggles asserts that the site, on marshland, was chosen because a preferred site several miles to the west could not be obtained. The foundation stone was laid on 28 April 1220. Much of the freestone for the cathedral came from Teffont Evias quarries.

As a result of the high water table in the new location, the cathedral was built on only four feet of foundations, and by 1258 the nave, transepts and choir were complete. The only major sections built later were the cloisters in 1240, the chapter house in 1263, tower and spire, which at 404 feet (123 m) dominated the skyline from 1320. Because most of the cathedral was built in only 38 years, it has a single consistent architectural style, Early English Gothic. Although the spire is the cathedral's most impressive feature, it has proved to be troublesome. Together with the tower, it added 6,397 tons (6,500 tonnes) to the weight of the building. Without the addition of buttresses, bracing arches and anchor irons over the succeeding centuries, it would have suffered the fate of spires on later great ecclesiastical buildings (such as Malmesbury Abbey) and fallen down; instead, Salisbury remains the tallest church spire in the UK. The large supporting pillars at the corners of the spire are seen to bend inwards under the stress.

The addition of reinforcing tie beams above the crossing, designed by Christopher Wren in 1668, arrested further deformation. The beams were hidden by a false ceiling, installed below the lantern stage of the tower. Significant changes to the cathedral were made by the architect James Wyatt in 1790, including replacement of the original rood screen and demolition of a bell tower which stood about 320 feet (100 m) north west of the main building. Salisbury is one of only three English cathedrals to lack a ring of bells, the others are Norwich Cathedral and Ely Cathedral. However it does strike the time every 15 minutes with bells. In total, 70,000 tons of stone, 3,000 tons of timber and 450 tons of lead were used in the construction of the cathedral. West front Main article: Table of the Statuary of the West Front of Salisbury Cathedral The west front is of the screen-type, clearly deriving from that at Wells. It is composed of two stair turrets at each extremity, with two niched buttresses nearer the centre line supporting the large central triple window.

The stair turrets are topped with spirelets and the central section is topped by a gable which contains four lancet windows topped by two round quatrefoil windows surmounted by a mandorla containing Christ in Majesty. At ground level there is a principal door flanked by two smaller doors. The whole is highly decorated with quatrefoil motifs, columns, trefoil motifs and bands of diapering. The west front was almost certainly constructed at the same time as the cathedral. This is apparent from the way in which the windows coincide with the interior spaces. The entire façade is about 33 metres high and wide. It has been said that the front was built on a scale smaller than was initially planned. It lacks full-scale towers and/or spires as can be seen, for example at Wells, Lincoln, Lichfield, etc. The facade is disparaged by Alec Clifton-Taylor, who comments that it is the least successful of the English screen-facades and is a travesty of its prototype (Wells). He finds the composition to be unco-ordinated, and the Victorian statuary "poor and insipid".

The front accommodates over 130 shallow niches of varying sizes, 73 of these niches contains a statue. The line of niches extend round the turrets to the north, south and east faces. There are five levels of niches (not including the mandorla) which show, from the top, angels and archangels, Old Testament patriarchs, apostles and evangelists, martyrs, doctors and philosophers and, on the lower level, royalty, priests and worthy people connected with the cathedral. The majority of the statues were placed during the middle of the 19th century, however seven are from the 14th century and several have been installed within the last decade. (see main article) Chapter house and the Magna Carta The chapter house is notable for its octagonal shape, slender central pillar and decorative medieval frieze. It was redecorated in 1855-9 by William Burges. The frieze circles the interior above the stalls and depicts scenes and stories from the books of Genesis and Exodus, including Adam and Eve, Noah, the Tower of Babel, and Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

The chapter house also displays the best-preserved of the four surviving original copies of the Magna Carta. This copy came to Salisbury because Elias of Dereham, who was present at Runnymede in 1215, was given the task of distributing some of the original copies. Elias later became a canon of Salisbury and supervised the construction of the cathedral. Salisbury Cathedral Depictions in art, literature and film The cathedral is the subject of famous paintings by John Constable. As a gesture of appreciation for John Fisher, the Bishop of Salisbury, who commissioned this painting, Constable included the Bishop and his wife in the canvas (bottom left). The view depicted in the paintings has changed very little in almost two centuries. The cathedral is also the subject of William Golding's novel The Spire which deals with the fictional Dean Jocelin who makes the building of the spire his life's work. In Edward Rutherfurd's historical novel Sarum the narrative deals with the human settlement of the Salisbury area from pre-historic times just after the last Ice Age to the modern era.

The construction of the cathedral itself, its famous spire, bell tower and chapter house are all important plot points in the novel, which blends historic characters with invented ones. The cathedral has been mentioned by the author Ken Follett as one of two models for the fictional Kingsbridge Cathedral in his historical novel, The Pillars of the Earth. It was also used for some external shots in the 2010 miniseries based on Follett's book and was shown as it is today in the final scene. The cathedral was the setting for the 2005 BBC television drama Mr. Harvey Lights a Candle, written by Rhidian Brook and directed by Susanna White. Kevin McCloud climbed the cathedral in his programme called Don't Look Down! in which he climbed high structures to conquer his fear of heights. The cathedral was the subject of a Channel 4 Time Team programme which was first broadcast on 8 February 2009. Clock Main article: Salisbury cathedral clock The Salisbury cathedral clock dating from about AD 1386 is supposedly the oldest working modern clock in the world. The clock has no face because all clocks of that date rang out the hours on a bell.

It was originally located in a bell tower that was demolished in 1792. Following this demolition, the clock was moved to the Cathedral Tower where it was in operation until 1884. The clock was then placed in storage and forgotten until it was discovered in 1929, in an attic of the cathedral. It was repaired and restored to working order in 1956. In 2007 remedial work and repairs were carried out to the clock. Salisbury Cathedral Burials Among the people buried in the cathedral, the most famous is probably Sir Edward Heath KG MBE (1916–2005), who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and as a member of parliament from 1950 to 2001, and who lived in the Cathedral Close for the last twenty years of his life.

Other burials Saint Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury (1078 to 1099) Roger of Salisbury, Bishop of Salisbury (1102 to 1139) Josceline de Bohon, Bishop of Salisbury (1142 to 1184) Robert de Bingham, Bishop of Salisbury (1229 to 1246) Giles of Bridport, Bishop of Salisbury (1256 to 1262) Walter de la Wyle, Bishop of Salisbury (1263 to 1271) Nicholas Longespee, Bishop of Salisbury (1291 to 1297) Simon of Ghent, Bishop of Salisbury (1297 to 1315) Roger Martival, Bishop of Salisbury (1315 to 1330) Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford (1378–1449) Richard Mitford, Bishop of Salisbury (1395 to 1407) Robert Hungerford, Lord Moleyns and 3rd Baron Hungerford (1431–1464) Richard Beauchamp,

 Bishop of Salisbury (1450 to 1482) Edmund Audley, Bishop of Salisbury (1501 to 1524) John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury (1559 to 1571) Edmund Gheast, Bishop of Salisbury (1571 to 1577) Alexander Hyde, Bishop of Salisbury (1665 to 1667) John Thomas, Bishop of Salisbury (1761 to 1766) This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Choir Salisbury Cathedral Choir auditions boys and girls aged 7–9 years old annually for scholarships to Salisbury Cathedral School, housed in the old Bishop's Palace. The boys choir and the girls choir (each 16 strong) sing alternate daily Evensong and Sunday Matins and Eucharist services throughout the school year. There are also many additional services during the Christian year particularly during Advent, Christmas, Holy Week, and Easter. The Advent 'From Darkness to Light services are the best known. Choristers come from across the country, some boarding. Six lay vicars (adult men) comprise the rest of the choir (singing tenor, alto and bass parts). Salisbury Cathedral Cathedral constables The cathedral previously employed five cathedral constables (known as "Close Constables"). Their duties mainly concerned the maintenance of law and order in the cathedral close. They were made redundant in 2010 as part of cost-cutting measures and replaced with "traffic managers". The constables were first appointed when the cathedral became a liberty in 1611 and survived until the introduction of municipal police forces in 1835 with the Municipal Corporations Act.

In 1800 they were given the power, along with the city constables, to execute any justices' or court order requiring the conveyance of prisoners to or from the county gaol (at Fisherton Anger, then outside the city of Salisbury) as if it were the city gaol (and, in so doing, they were made immune from any legal action for acting outside their respective jurisdictions). The right of the Cathedral, as a liberty, to maintain a separate police force was conclusively terminated by the Local Government Act 1888. References ^ a b c "Visitor Information, Salisbury Cathedral". Retrieved 17 January 2008. ^ "Salisbury Cathedral's 750th Anniversary Open Day An Overwhelming Success". Salisbury Cathedral. 28 April 2008. Retrieved 19 October 2015. ^ Evans, p. 10-11 ^ Evans, p.

13 ^ Ruggles, Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth, 2005:225 "A notorious example...a ley line joining Stonehenge (third millennium B.C.E.), Old Sarum (first millennium B.C.E.), and Salisbury cathedral (C.E. 1220)." ^ Evans, p. 15 ^ Sylvanus Urban, wd., The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle (1830), p. 105 online at books.google.com ^ Salisbury, Wiltshire accessed 3 December 2010 ^ "The Cathedrals of Britain". BBC History. Retrieved 14 July 2014. ^ --Tatton-Brown,T. & Crook, J. 2009 (Salisbury Cathedral: The Making of a Medieval Masterpiece.) Scala Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85759-550-5. page 70. ^ --Rodwell, W. & Bentley, J. 1984 (Our Christian Heritage.) George Philip. ISBN 0-540-01078-2.

Page 109 ^ --Clifton-Taylor, A. 1967 (The Cathedrals of England.) Thames & Hudson. Page 105. ^ "Salisbury Cathedral". Sacred Destinations. Retrieved 14 July 2014. ^ "Salisbury Cathedral". Britain Express. Retrieved 14 July 2014. ^ Follett, Ken. "Is Kingsbridge Real?". Retrieved 10 April 2011. ^ "Oldest Working Clock, Frequently Asked Questions, Salisbury Cathedral". Retrieved 8 April 2009. ^ "Clock repaired, Salisbury Cathedral". Retrieved 17 January 2008. ^ Salisbury Cathedral – People at the Cathedral ^ Salisbury Cathedral – New Precentor appointed ^ Salisbury Cathedral – New Chancellor ^ Salisbury Cathedral – Former Chief Nursing Officer appointed new Canon Treasurer ^ Arundells, Sir Edward Heath's home in the Close ^ "Wiltshire, Salisbury Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary". National Pipe Organ Register. Retrieved 10 April 2011. ^ Webb, Stanley & Hale, Paul.

"Alcock, Sir Walter", Grove Music Online, Oxford Music Online, accessed 1 March 2012 (subscription required) ^ Alcock, W. G. "Salisbury Cathedral Organ", The Musical Times, Vol. 75, No. 1098 (August 1934), pp. 730–732 (subscription required) ^ Cathedrals; 2nd ed. London: Great Western Railway, 1925; p. 33. ^ Hough, Andrew (6 August 2010). "Anger after Salisbury Cathedral Constables 'scrapped to save money'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 January 2011. ^ "Salisbury Cathedral Close Constables". Cathedral Constables' Association. Retrieved 24 January 2011. ^ "Statute Law Revision: Gaols: Repeal Proposals" (PDF). Law Commission. April 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2011.

^ section 48(3), Local Government Act 1888 ^ section 119(4), Local Government Act 1888 Sources Evans, Sydney. Salisbury Cathedral: A reflective Guide, Michael Russell Publishing, Salisbury. 1985. Martín-Gil, J; Martín-Gil, FJ; Ramos-Sánchez, MC; Martín-Ramos, P. The Orange-Brown Patina of Salisbury Cathedral (West Porch) Surfaces: Evidence of its Man-Made Origin. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 12(5):285–289. 2005. Salisbury Cathedral | Historic Wiltshire Guide Salisbury Cathedral Early History The history of Salisbury Cathedral goes back well before the first foundation stone was laid in 1220. To understand the history of the cathedral you have to travel north from the city centre a distance of several miles, to Old Sarum . Here, shortly after the Conquest, the Norman conquerors of England built a castle within the protective earthen banks of an Iron Age enclosure. In 1075, Bishop Osmund built a cathedral on low ground beneath the castle motte.

This would have seemed a good spot to build, for the castle would offer the monks of Old Sarum protection in those turbulent times. However, the monks and the castle garrison were not happy stable mates; over the following century and a half, the monks of Old Sarum and the garrison of the castle clashed repeatedly. Finally, in 1220 the Bishop of Salisbury, Richard Poore, determined that he would build a new cathedral, far from the influence of the castle at Old Sarum. A fanciful legend tells that the Bishop stood on the castle mound and shot an arrow high into the sky, vowing to build his church where the arrow landed. The west front He must have been a prodigiously mighty man, for the site of the new cathedral lies several miles south of Old Sarum, in water meadows beside the slowly moving River Avon. Poore chose as his architect a canon of the cathedral named Elias de Derham, who had helped build the shrine of St Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral . We know little else about Elias de Derham, save that he may have used the services of a master mason named Nicholas of Ely to carry out his brilliant design.

And brilliant it was; for a start, the water meadows where Bishop Poore decided to build his new cathedral had very little in the way of firm ground to support the weight of the structure. It is estimated that the massive tower rests on only 4 feet of gravel foundation. The first foundation stone was laid by Bishop Poore in 1220. The cloisters were begun in 1240, and the lovely Chapter House in 1263. In 1265 a free standing bell tower was added. This bell tower is long gone, the victim of remodeling carried out in the late 18th century by architect James Wyatt . The cathedral spire from the cloisters Bishop Poore needed clerics to carry out the work of the cathedral, and he brought in priests, clerks, canons, and senior clergy. These he gave parcels of land ranging about the Cathedral and along the river bank. Lower clergy were allotted an acre and half upon which to build their dwellings, and the senior clergy were given twice that measure. The land upon which the clergy dwellings were built is the Cathedral Close.

In 1331 the Close was walled with stone taken from the original Norman cathedral at Old Sarum. Many of the old medieval buildings still remain within the Close, though some have been torn down and replaced with beautiful Georgian town houses, such as Mompesson House and Wren Hall. Architecture Salisbury Cathedral was built between 1220 and 1258, in a style we now call Early English Gothic (or just 'Early English' for short). This style emphasized height and light, and compared to the bulkier, heavier buildings of the 11th and 12th century, were quite revolutionary. Salisbury Cathedral is unique in England. Most grand churches evolved slowly over centuries, resulting in a finished structure that spans a multitude of architectural styles. Some cathedrals work as a finished whole, but some have the feel of a portrait painted by a variety of artists in different media and in different styles. Uniquely, Salisbury was built nearly to completion within a single generation. As a result, the final structure presents a unity of vision that is very satisfying and evocative of a single era of English architecture, and is probably the finest example of Early English in the country.

The cathedral cloisters The spire, the tallest in Britain at 404 feet, was one of the last parts of the cathedral to be completed, in about 1330. It has undergone repair several times during the following centuries, the most famous occasion being when Sir Christopher Wren was commissioned to undertake an architectural survey. Wren determined that the spire was leaning off plumb by 30 inches, and had iron rods inserted to strengthen the structure. Centuries later Wren's work was checked, and modern measurements revealed that the tower had not moved so much as an inch. Sir Christopher, it seems, knew his business well. Materials Salisbury Cathedral makes exceptional use of Purbeck marble. Now Purbeck marble is not marble, nor in this case, does it come from the Isle of Purbeck. It is crystalline limestone, and it was quarried in Corfe Castle, Dorset. No matter, the dark, slender columns create here a quite fabulous sense of space and height. The Purbeck marble is used primarily in the column shafts of the nave and aisles, and in the vault ribs. Tombs Salisbury is blessed with an intriguing variety of medieval tombs.

Though not so overwhelmed with monuments as are some churches, there are some real gems. Most of the older tombs are lined up between the pillars on dividing the nave from the aisles. Here is the tomb of William Longespee (sometimes called Longpre), the first person known to be buried in the Cathedral. Longespee was the half brother of King John, and the illegitimate son of Henry II. It was Longespee who brought the Magna Carta to Salisbury. On a curious note, when Longespee's tomb was opened centuries after his death, a dead rat was found in his skull, and the rat's corpse contained traces of arsenic. Make of that what you will, but it does seem to suggest that Sir William may have met a rather unusual end. 12th century effigy of Roger, Bishop of Salisbury from 1107-39 Beside Longespee's tomb is a poignant, small effigy, believed to be that of a 13th century boy bishop. In the south aisle is a beautifully carved memorial slab believed to be that of Roger, Bishop from 1107-1139.

Continuing up the south aisle you come to a wonderfully painted wall memorial to Elinor Sadler, a rich Salisbury resident who died in 1622. The inscription describes her as "truly virtuous and religious'", but after studying the rather grim countenance, one can't help but feel that she wasn't the sort of person you'd like to spend time with. Carrying on up the south aisle, cross the south transept and you come to one of the glories of Salisbury Cathedral; the Mompesson tomb. Here lie the beautifully painted effigies of Sir Richard Mompesson and his wife. Mompesson was the owner of Mompesson House , a lovely Georgian townhouse in the Close that was founded in the 14th century. The house is now owned by the National Trust. As truly marvelous as the Mompesson tomb is, it pales in sheer opulence beside the tomb of Sir Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, which stands at the very east end of the south aisle. The tomb stretches to a great height, and seems all marble and gilt. Sir Edward married Katherine, sister of Lady Jane Grey, and their effigies lie side by side beneath a fantastically carved canopy.

Because Katherine had royal connections, her effigy is shown slightly elevated, as if she has just decided to sit up. This slight elevation is supposed to indicate her higher social standing than her husband, who was, after all, only an Earl. Between the Seymour tomb and the Trinity Chapel lies the very plain memorial to Richard Poore, the bishop who moved the cathedral from Old Sarum. One more tomb deserves note; near the easternmost end of the north aisle is the chantry chapel of Edmund Audley, Bishop from 1502-1524. The chapel is very small, and can admit no more than a few visitors at a time in any comfort, but those who climb the few steps to enter in, are rewarded with a wonderful sight. The chapel ceiling is a riotous delight of Gothic painted vaulting. The colours are resplendent, and the overall effect is quite wonderful. The oldest working clock in Europe, dating to 1326 The greatest treasure in Salisbury is housed in the lofty Chapter House. Here, protected from the light by a shaded awning, is one of the few original copies of the Magna Carta in existence.

This simple roll of parchment is deceptively small, but the aged lines written there were the cornerstone of a legal system that has spanned the centuries. The Magna Carta, and indeed the Chapter House itself, can become very crowded. There are numerous exhibit stands showing off the Cathedral's prized possessions, from silver plate to royal charters, to a watch once owned by Isaac Walton. These artifacts are fascinating, but the very bulk of the exhibition cabinets tend to fill up the Chapter House and with any number of other visitors bent on viewing the displays the chamber can seem quite cramped. Around the walls of the Chapter House is a lovely medieval frieze. It is worthwhile bringing a binoculars,to study the beautifully carved corbel heads as well. The Cloister The Cloisters at Salisbury surround the largest garth, or green space, in Britain, measuring 80 acres in size. The cloister architecture is deceptively clean, almost spare, with beautifully restrained Gothic vaulting. Visitors are allowed to walk into the garth, and enjoy the views up to the glorious spire above. Wren's Hall, * Salisbury Cathedral: Matias C. and Matias L.

- triptoengland2011 triptoengland2011 Home ‎ > ‎ * Salisbury Cathedral: Matias C. and Matias L. Salisbury Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is an elegant Gothic edifice located in Salisbury, about 90 miles southwest of London. The main body was completed in only 38 years, from 1220 to 1258. The cathedral has the tallest church spire in the UK (123m/404 ft). The cathedral also has the largest convent and the largest cathedral close in Britain (80 acres). The Cathedral contains the world's oldest working clock (from AD 1386) and has one of the four surviving original copies of Magna Carta. Although commonly known as Salisbury Cathedral, the official name is the Cathedral of Saint Mary. In 2008, the cathedral celebrated the 750th anniversary of its consecration in 1258. In response to deteriorating relations between the clergy and the military, the decision was taken to resite the cathedral and the bishopric was moved to its present place in Salisbury.

The move occurred during the tenure of Bishop Richard Poore, who was a wealthy man and donated the new land for construction. The new cathedral was also paid for by donations, principally by all the canons and vicars of the south-west, who were asked to contribute a fixed annual sum until its completion. Legend has it that the Bishop of Old Sarum shot an arrow in the direction he would build the cathedral, the arrow hit a deer and the deer finally died in the place where Salisbury Cathedral is now. Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury Cathedral The history of Salisbury Cathedral begins two miles away at Old Sarum. The sight must have been impressive, but the location proved to be a constant headache due to its exposure to the elements and lack of sufficient water. Finally, in 1217, Bishop Richard Poore wrote to the Pope for permission to abandon the site for a better location two miles away, at the confluence of two rivers. The petition was granted and the clergy moved to the new site in 1219. The foundation stone was laid on 28 April 1220 and by 1258 it was complete. The west front was ready by 1265.

The cloisters and chapter house were completed around 1280. The only major sections of the cathedral built later were the Cloisters, Chapter House, Tower and Spire, which at 404 feet (123 metres) dominated the skyline from 1320. Whilst the spire is the cathedral's most impressive feature, it has also proved to be troublesome. Together with the tower, it added 6,500 tonnes to the weight of the building. Without the addition of iron ties over the succeeding centuries, it would have suffered the fate of spires on other great ecclesiastical buildings and fallen down; instead, Salisbury is the tallest surviving pre-1400 spire in the world. To this day the large supporting pillars at the corners of the spire are seen to bend inwards under the stress. Significant changes to the cathedral were made by the architect James Wyatt in 1790, including replacement of the original rood screen and demolition of the bell tower which stood about 100 metres north west of the main building. Salisbury is one of only three English cathedrals to lack a ring of bells, the others being Norwich Cathedral and Ely Cathedral.

However it does strike the time every 15 minutes with bells. The Chapter House is notable for its octagonal shape, slender central pillar and decorative medieval frieze. The frieze circles the interior, just above the stalls, and depicts scenes and stories from the books of Genesis and Exodus, including Adam and Eve, Noah, the Tower of Babel, and Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. It also displays the best-preserved of the four surviving original copies of Magna Carta. This copy came to Salisbury because it was given the task of distributing some of the original copies. The west front is composed of two stair turrets at each extremity, with two niched buttresses nearer the centre line supporting the large central triple window. The stair turrets are topped with spirelets and the central section is topped by a gable which contains four lancet windows topped by two round quatrefoil windows surmounted by a mandorla containing Christ in Majesty. At ground level there is a principal door flanked by two smaller doors. The whole is highly decorated with quatrefoil motifs, columns, trefoil motifs and bands of diapering. The west front was almost certainly constructed at the same time as the cathedral.

This is apparent from the way in which the windows coincide with the interior spaces. The entire façade is about 33 metres high and wide. The front accommodates over 130 shallow niches of varying sizes, 73 of these niches contains a statue. The line of niches extend round the turrets to the north, south and east faces. There are 5 levels of niches (not including the mandorla) which show, from the top, angels and archangels, Old Testament patriarchs, apostles and evangelists, martyrs, doctors and philosophers and, on the lower level, royalty, priests and worthy people connected with the cathedral. The majority of the statues were placed during the middle of the 19th century, however 7 are from the 14th century and several have been installed within the last decade. The Salisbury cathedral clock dating from about AD 1386 is the oldest working modern clock in the world. The clock has no face because all clocks of that date rang out the hours on a bell. It was originally located in a bell tower that was demolished in 1792.

Following this demolition, the clock was moved to the Cathedral Tower where it was in operation until 1884. The clock was then placed in storage and forgotten until it was discovered in 1929, in an attic of the cathedral. It was repaired and restored to working order in 1956. In 2007 remedial work and repairs were carried out to the clock. Kirchturmspitze translation English | German dictionary | Reverso "Kirchturmspitze": examples and translations in context Sein Turm, mit 100 m die höchste Kirchturmspitze der Schweiz, kann bestiegen werden. It is possible to climb to the top of the 100-metre tower, which is the highest in Switzerland. Die mittelalterliche, 1,6 km entfernte Salisbury Cathedral verfügt über die mit 123 Metern höchste Kirchturmspitze Großbritanniens, den größten Kreuzgang Englands und eine der 4 erhaltenen Originalkopien der Magna Carta.

Salisbury Cathedral (1 mile/ 1.6 km)- this medieval cathedral is home to the tallest church spire in the UK (404 feet/ 123 metres), the largest cloister in England and one of 4 surviving original copies of the Magna Carta. Sie sehen einen Kopfstand auf der Kirchturmspitze von St. Cornelius in 85 m Höhe! A headstand... on the church spire... of St. Cornelius... at a height of 85 meters. Im Erdgeschoss befindet sich eine halbrunde Toröffnung mit zwei Türen. Über dem Erdgeschoss befindet sich das erste Stockwerk überdeckt mit einem Pyramidendach vollendet mit einer Kirchturmspitze mit einer Fahne. The ground floor spares semicircular, gate openings with two-sided doors, above there's a floor covered by a four-sided roof, crowned with a flag on top of the spire. Ich war bestürzt zu erfahren, dass mein Denken... mein Denken war ziemlich anders.

Wenn ich sage, "Denken Sie an eine Kirchturmspitze", dann denken die meisten an die verallgemeinerte Form. And I was shocked to find out that my thinking was quite different. Like if I say, "Think about a church steeple" most people get this sort of generalized generic one. Goldene Kuppeln und glänzende Kirchturmspitzen blinzeln aus den waldbedeckten Hügeln oberhalb des riesigen Dnipro Flusses. Golden domes and shimmering spires peek out from the wooded hills rising above the wide Dnipro River. See how “Kirchturmspitze” is translated from German to English with more examples in context Add your entry in the Collaborative Dictionary. Salisbury Cathedral (Pepys' Diary) Salisbury Cathedral This text was copied from Wikipedia on 14 January 2017 at 3:24AM.

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Salisbury Cathedral of Saint Mary Salisbury Cathedral from the East Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Salisbury Location within Wiltshire Lydia Brown Eugenie Turton Salisbury Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is an Anglican cathedral in Salisbury , England, and one of the leading examples of Early English architecture . [1] The main body of the cathedral was completed in only 38 years, from 1220 to 1258. The cathedral has the tallest church spire in the United Kingdom (123m/404 ft). Visitors can take the "Tower Tour" where the interior of the hollow spire, with its ancient wood scaffolding, can be viewed. The cathedral also has the largest cloister and the largest cathedral close in Britain (80 acres (32 ha)). [1] It contains the world's oldest working clock (from AD 1386) and has the best surviving of the four original copies of Magna Carta (all four original copies are in England). [1] In 2008, the cathedral celebrated the 750th anniversary of its consecration.

[2] The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese of Salisbury and seat of the Bishop of Salisbury , currently the Right Reverend Nick Holtam . Contents 11 External links History Sculpture on the west front of the cathedral of Bishop Richard Poore who oversaw the early years of its construction, beginning in 1220. He is holding a model of the cathedral Plan showing the double transepts with aisles and extended east end, but not the cloisters or chapter house As a response to deteriorating relations between the clergy and the military at Old Sarum Cathedral , the decision was taken to resite the cathedral and the bishopric was moved to Salisbury. [3] The move occurred during the tenure of Bishop Richard Poore , a wealthy man who donated the land on which it was built. The new cathedral was paid for by donations, principally from the canons and vicars of southeast England who were asked to contribute a fixed annual sum until it was completed. [4] A legend tells that the Bishop of Old Sarum shot an arrow in the direction he would build the cathedral but the arrow hit a deer that died in the place where Salisbury Cathedral is now.

The cathedral crossing, Old Sarum and Stonehenge are reputed to be aligned on a ley line , though Clive L.N. Ruggles asserts that the site, on marshland, was chosen because a preferred site several miles to the west could not be obtained. [5] The foundation stone was laid on 28 April 1220. [6] Much of the freestone for the cathedral came from Teffont Evias quarries . [7] As a result of the high water table in the new location, the cathedral was built on only four feet of foundations, and by 1258 the nave , transepts and choir were complete. The only major sections built later were the cloisters in 1240, the chapter house in 1263, tower and spire , which at 404 feet (123 m) dominated the skyline from 1320. Because most of the cathedral was built in only 38 years, it has a single consistent architectural style, Early English Gothic . Although the spire is the cathedral's most impressive feature, it has proved to be troublesome.

Together with the tower, it added 6,397 tons (6,500 tonnes) to the weight of the building. Without the addition of buttresses , bracing arches and anchor irons over the succeeding centuries, it would have suffered the fate of spires on later great ecclesiastical buildings (such as Malmesbury Abbey ) and fallen down; instead, Salisbury remains the tallest church spire in the UK . The large supporting pillars at the corners of the spire are seen to bend inwards under the stress. The addition of reinforcing tie beams above the crossing , designed by Christopher Wren in 1668, arrested further deformation. [8] The beams were hidden by a false ceiling, installed below the lantern stage of the tower. Significant changes to the cathedral were made by the architect James Wyatt in 1790, including replacement of the original rood screen and demolition of a bell tower which stood about 320 feet (100 m) north west of the main building. Salisbury is one of only three English cathedrals to lack a ring of bells, the others are Norwich Cathedral and Ely Cathedral .

However it does strike the time every 15 minutes with bells. In total, 70,000 tons of stone, 3,000 tons of timber and 450 tons of lead were used in the construction of the cathedral. [9] Building and architecture West front The west front is of the screen-type, clearly deriving from that at Wells . It is composed of two stair turrets at each extremity, with two niched buttresses nearer the centre line supporting the large central triple window. The stair turrets are topped with spirelets and the central section is topped by a gable which contains four lancet windows topped by two round quatrefoil windows surmounted by a mandorla containing Christ in Majesty . At ground level there is a principal door flanked by two smaller doors. The whole is highly decorated with quatrefoil motifs, columns, trefoil motifs and bands of diapering . The west front was almost certainly constructed at the same time as the cathedral. [10] This is apparent from the way in which the windows coincide with the interior spaces. The entire façade is about 33 metres high and wide. It has been said that the front was built on a scale smaller than was initially planned.

It lacks full-scale towers and/or spires as can be seen, for example at Wells, Lincoln , Lichfield , etc. [11] The facade is disparaged by Alec Clifton-Taylor, [12] who comments that it is the least successful of the English screen-facades and is a travesty of its prototype (Wells). He finds the composition to be unco-ordinated, and the Victorian statuary "poor and insipid". The front accommodates over 130 shallow niches of varying sizes, 73 of these niches contains a statue. The line of niches extend round the turrets to the north, south and east faces. There are five levels of niches (not including the mandorla) which show, from the top, angels and archangels, Old Testament patriarchs, apostles and evangelists, martyrs, doctors and philosophers and, on the lower level, royalty, priests and worthy people connected with the cathedral. The majority of the statues were placed during the middle of the 19th century, however seven are from the 14th century and several have been installed within the last decade.

(see main article) Nave The nave Salisbury Cathedral is unusual for its tall and narrow nave, and has visual accentuation due to the use of light grey Chilmark stone for the walls and dark polished Purbeck marble for the columns. It has three levels: a tall pointed arcade, an open gallery and a small clerestory . [13] Lined up between the pillars are notable tombs such as that of William Longespée , half brother of King John and the illegitimate son of Henry II , who was the first person to be buried in the cathedral. [14] Chapter house and Magna Carta The chapter house is notable for its octagonal shape, slender central pillar and decorative medieval frieze . It was redecorated in 1855-9 by William Burges . The frieze circles the interior above the stalls and depicts scenes and stories from the books of Genesis and Exodus , including Adam and Eve , Noah , the Tower of Babel , and Abraham , Isaac and Jacob . The chapter house also displays the best-preserved of the four surviving original copies of Magna Carta .

This copy came to Salisbury because Elias of Dereham , who was present at Runnymede in 1215, was given the task of distributing some of the original copies. Elias later became a canon of Salisbury and supervised the construction of the cathedral. Depictions in art, literature and film Salisbury Cathedral by John Constable , ca. 1825. Paintings and other artistical objects The cathedral is the subject of famous paintings by John Constable . As a gesture of appreciation for John Fisher , the Bishop of Salisbury , who commissioned this painting, Constable included the bishop and his wife in the canvas (bottom left). The view depicted in the paintings has changed very little in almost two centuries. The cathedral is also the subject of William Golding 's novel The Spire which deals with the fictional Dean Jocelin who makes the building of the spire his life's work. In Edward Rutherfurd 's historical novel Sarum the narrative deals with the human settlement of the Salisbury area from pre-historic times just after the last Ice Age to the modern era. The construction of the cathedral itself, its famous spire, bell tower and chapter house are all important plot points in the novel, which blends historic characters with invented ones.

The cathedral has been mentioned [15] by the author Ken Follett as one of two models for the fictional Kingsbridge Cathedral in his historical novel The Pillars of the Earth . It was also used for some external shots in the 2010 miniseries based on Follett's book and was shown as it is today in the final scene. The cathedral was the setting for the 2005 BBC television drama Mr. Harvey Lights a Candle , written by Rhidian Brook and directed by Susanna White. Kevin McCloud climbed the cathedral in his programme called Don't Look Down! in which he climbed high structures to conquer his fear of heights. The cathedral was the subject of a Channel 4 Time Team programme which was first broadcast on 8 February 2009. The medieval clock Clock The Salisbury cathedral clock dating from about AD 1386 is supposedly the oldest working modern clock in the world. [16] The clock has no face because all clocks of that date rang out the hours on a bell. It was originally located in a bell tower that was demolished in 1792. Following this demolition, the clock was moved to the Cathedral Tower where it was in operation until 1884.

The clock was then placed in storage and forgotten until it was discovered in 1929, in an attic of the cathedral. It was repaired and restored to working order in 1956. In 2007 remedial work and repairs were carried out to the clock.

[17] Dean and chapter Dean – The Very Revd June Osborne (since 1 May 2004 installation) [18] Precentor – The Revd Canon Tom Clammer (since 29 April 2012 installation) [19] Chancellor – The Revd Canon Ed Probert (since 4 April 2004 installation) [20] Treasurer – The Revd Canon Robert Titley (since November 2015 installation) [21] Burials The north transept, Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury Among the people buried in the cathedral, the most famous is probably Sir Edward Heath KG MBE (1916–2005), who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and as a member of parliament from 1950 to 2001, and who lived in the Cathedral Close for the last twenty years of his life.

[22] Other burials Richard Mitford , Bishop of Salisbury (1395 to 1407) Robert Hungerford , Lord Moleyns and 3rd Baron Hungerford (1431–1464) Richard Beauchamp , Bishop of Salisbury (1450 to 1482) Edmund Audley , Bishop of Salisbury (1501 to 1524) John Jewel , Bishop of Salisbury (1559 to 1571) Edmund Gheast , Bishop of Salisbury (1571 to 1577) Alexander Hyde , Bishop of Salisbury (1665 to 1667) John Thomas , Bishop of Salisbury (1761 to 1766) Music Salisbury Cathedral Choir, Wiltshire, UK The Trinity Chapel (Lady Chapel). The artwork below the stained glass window is the temporary exhibition of Nicholas Pope installation called "The Apostles Speaking in Tongues Lit By Their Own Lamps", shown at Salisbury Cathedral from 8 June until 4 August 2014 Organ The cathedral's current organ was built in 1877 by Henry Willis & Sons .

[23] Sir Walter Alcock , who was organist of the cathedral from 1916, oversaw a strictly faithful restoration of the famous Father Willis organ, [24] even going to such lengths as to refuse to allow parts of the instrument to leave the cathedral in case any unauthorised tonal alteration were made without his knowledge. [25] An earlier organ was presented by King George III and was installed on top of the stone screen dividing the choir from the nave. It was later taken out and moved to St Thomas's Church. [26] Organists It is recorded that in 1463 John Kegewyn was organist of Salisbury Cathedral. Among the notable organists of more recent times have been a number of composers and well-known performers including Bertram Luard-Selby , Charles Frederick South , David Valentine Willcocks , Christopher Dearnley , Richard Godfrey Seal and the BBC presenter Simon Lole . Choir Salisbury Cathedral Choir auditions boys and girls aged 7–9 years old annually for scholarships to Salisbury Cathedral School , housed in the old Bishop's Palace.

The boys choir and the girls choir (each 16 strong) sing alternate daily Evensong and Sunday Matins and Eucharist services throughout the school year. There are also many additional services during the Christian year particularly during Advent, Christmas, Holy Week, and Easter. The Advent 'From Darkness to Light services are the best known. Choristers come from across the country, some boarding. Six lay vicars (adult men) comprise the rest of the choir (singing tenor, alto and bass parts). Cathedral constables The cathedral previously employed five cathedral constables (known as "Close Constables"). Their duties mainly concerned the maintenance of law and order in the cathedral close. They were made redundant in 2010 as part of cost-cutting measures and replaced with "traffic managers". [27] The constables were first appointed when the cathedral became a liberty in 1611 and survived until the introduction of municipal police forces in 1835 with the Municipal Corporations Act .

[28] In 1800 they were given the power, along with the city constables, to execute any justices' or court order requiring the conveyance of prisoners to or from the county gaol (at Fisherton Anger, then outside the city of Salisbury) as if it were the city gaol (and, in so doing, they were made immune from any legal action for acting outside their respective jurisdictions). [29] The right of the cathedral, as a liberty, to maintain a separate police force was conclusively terminated by the Local Government Act 1888 . [30] [31] In February 2016 the statue The Kiss by Sophie Ryder , which was planned to be in place until July, had to be moved because people kept walking into it while texting. [32] Gallery

Question: Which cathedral is the tallest in the UK with a spire height of 123 metres or 404 feet?
Answer: SALISBURY