The Royal House Of Hanover - British Monarchy Family History British Monarchy Family History The Royal House Of Hanover The Royal House of Hanover was the ruling royal house of Great Britain and Ireland for one hundred and eighty seven years from 1714 - 1901, by way of six monarchs. King George I came to the throne upon the death of the Royal House of Stuart monarch Queen Anne in 1714 as he was the late queen's closest Protestant relative through his mother Queen Sophie, who was the grand daughter of King James I of England by way of her mother Elisabeth of Bohemia. GEORGE I George was born on the 28th of May 1660 in Hanover in Germany, which at that time was part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the oldest child of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover and his wife Countess Sophie of Rhineland - Palatine. He came to the British throne after the death of his cousin, the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne.

King George was crowned at Westminster Abbey on the 20th of October 1714 at the age of fifty and was not particularly liked or welcomed by the British people, probably for no other reason than he was a foreigner. It was believed that he did not speak very good English, although records show that he did have a good understanding of the language. However, his lack of English did go on to see a diminishing of the monarchy and more power and control given to the government, which, by the time of his death in 1727, had left full power of the running of the country to Robert Walpole, Great Britain's very first Prime Minister. King George's reign also brought about the Jacobite Rebellions (1715 - 1746) - a series of uprisings and rebellions aimed at restoring the Royal House of Stuart to the throne of Britain - an act designed to replace him with the former Queen Anne's half brother James Francis Edward Stuart, an act that failed mainly due to the Stuart's Catholicism. On a personal level George is best remembered for his long running feud with his only son, the future King George II.

King George died whilst on a visit to his native Germany on the 11th of June 1727 at Osnabruck. He is buried at the Herrenhausen in Hanover, Germany. SOPHIA DOROTHEA OF CELLE In 1682, by way of an arranged marriage of state, George married Sophia Dorothea of Celle (1666 - 1726) on the 22nd of November 1682 in Celle, Germany. Sophia Dorothea was born on the 15th of September 1666 in Celle, Germany and was the daughter of George William, Duke of Brunswick - Luneburg and his long term mistress, Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse. Sophia Dorothea is best remembered for her affair with Philip Christoph von Konigsmarck, which when found out, resulted in her spending the last thirty years of her life incarcerated in the Castle of Ahlden in her native Celle, where she was denied any contact with her children ever again.

She died from liver failure brought on by gall stones on the 13th of November 1726 and was later interred at the Stadtkirche in Celle, Germany. Her lover was apparently murdered by order of the King, but this has never been verified. Before her affair and subsequent divorce and incarceration, their union had produced two heirs one of which would become the King of England and the other would become the Queen of Prussia. George II of Great Britain - (1683 - 1760) - Married Caroline of Brandenburg - Ansbach, a union which produced nine children, one of which would become the future Queen of Denmark and another would become the future Princess of Orange. Sophia - (1687 - 1757) - Sophia married Fredrick William I of Prussia, making her Queen of Prussia and Electress of Brandenburg. Their union produced ten children, including the future King Fredrick II of Prussia and the future Queen Louise Ulrika of Sweden. EHRENGARD MELUSINE VON DER SCHULENBURG After his divorce in 1694 George began the first of two long term affairs.

His first mistress was Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, a former lady in waiting to his mother the Electress Sophia. In 1716 Melusine moved to London to be with George and straight away he created a life peerage for her by way of the titles the Duchess of Munster, Marchioness of Dungannon, Countess of Dungannon and Baroness Dundalk. In 1719 he further created the titles of Duchess of Kendal, Countess of Faversham and Baroness Glastonbury for her. After George's divorce Melusine was considered to be queen in all but name, some even suspect that he had secretly married her sometime in 1716, hence the many titles he had bestowed upon her. During their thirty three year long affair Melusine bore George three Illegitimate daughters, they were - Anna Louise - (1692 - 1773). She married Ernst von Busscheippenberg in 1707. There were no children from this union and they divorced in 1714. Petronella Melusina - (1693 - 1778).

She married Philip Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfirld (1694 - 1773) in 1733. This union produced no heirs. Margarethe Gertrude - (1701 - 1726). She married Albrecht, Count of Schaumburg (1699 - 1748) in 1722 and produced two sons before her death in 1726.They were George (1722 - 1742) and Wilhelm (1724 - 1777). SOPHIA VON KIELMANSEGG George's second mistress was courtier Sophia von Kielmansegg, Countess of Darlington (1675 - 1725) with whom he had a very controversial thirty year long affair, as Sophia was actually George’s illegitimate half sister.

They were both the children of Ernest Augustus, the Elector of Hanover, with Sophia's mother being the German noblewoman Clara Elisabeth von Meysenberg, the Baroness of Platen and Hellermund, with whom the Elector had conducted a five year affair with during the 1670s. Although Sophia’s family have always denied that she was sleeping with George, it was in fact common knowledge at the British court that they were lovers. It is not believed that George and Sophia had any children together although Sophia did have five children with her husband Johan, Baron von Kielmansegg (1668 - 1717), whom she married in 1701, so it's hard to say who the fathers of her children actually were. GEORGE II King George II came to the throne upon the death of his father in 1727. He was the eldest and only son of King George I and his wife Sophia Dorothea and was born on the 30th of October 1683 at the Herrenhausen Palace in Hanover.

His coronation at Westminster Abbey on the eleventh of October 1727 made him the last British king to be born on foreign soil and the last king to lead an army into Battle, at the Battle of Dettingen in 1743. It was during his reign that the national anthems of Great Britain, Australia, Canada and New Zealand were written and first performed. On a personal level he is best remembered for his long and bitter feuds both with his father and his son and heir, Fredrick, Prince of Wales. King George died of an aortic aneurysm on October 25th 1760 at the age of seventy five, and true to his word, he was interred in Westminster Abbey in the same casket as his Queen Consort. CAROLINE OF BRANDENBURG - ANSBACH On the 22nd of August 1705 George married Caroline of Brandenburg - Ansbach (1683 - 1737) at the Chapel at Herrenhausen in Hanover, Germany.

Caroline was born at Ansbach in Germany on the 1st of March 1683 and was the daughter of John Fredrick Margrave and his wife Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe - Eisenbach, Like most things that George did in his life his father was angry with his choice of bride, not through any dislike for her, but because he did not want to see his son in a loveless, arranged marriage such as he had endured. As it was, George and Caroline had a very successful marriage that would produce nine children. Caroline was an intellectual woman and lover and patron of the arts. She was well liked both by the parliament and the people of Britain, so much so, that Caroline County, Virginia, U.S.A was named in her honour. She died of a ruptured womb on the 20th of November 1737 aged 54. It is beleived that she pleaded with her husband to remarry, but he promised not to, preferring to take mistresses instead. When she was interred in Westminster Abbey, the king had her coffin fitted with a false side, so that he could be interred along side her when he too died.

George and Caroline's union produced nine children, they were; Two children who died in infancy, Augustus George born in 1716 and George William born in 1717 who died within one year. Fredrick, Prince of Wales - (1707 - 1751). Married Augusta of Saxe - Gotha. This union produced nine children, including the future King George III of England and the future Queen Caroline Matilda of Denmark and Norway. Anne, Princess Royal - (1709 - 1759). Anne married William IV Prince of Orange. They had no children. Amelia - (1711 - 1786). Died unmarried and without issue. Caroline - (1713 - 1757). Died unmarried and without issue. William - (1721 - 1765). Died unmarried and without issue. Mary - (1723 - 1772). Mary married Landgrave of Hesse Kassel and had three children, William - (1743 - 1827).

Charles - (1744 - 1836) and Fredrick - (1747 - 1837). Louise - (1724 - 1751). Louise married King Fredrick V of Denmark and had four children; Sophia Magdalena - (1746 - 1813), the future Queen of Sweden. Caroline - 1747 - 1820, the future Electress of Hesse. Christian - (1749 - 1808), the future King of Denmark and Louise - (1750 - 1831), Princess of Hesse Kassel. HENRIETTA HOWARD Despite George and Caroline's amiable marriage the king still took mistresses, the most famous of which was socialite, Henrietta Herbert, Countess of Suffolk (1689 - 1767). Henrietta was Queen Caroline's Mistress of the Robes and, by all accounts, a great friend of her's too.

Henrietta was married to politician Charles Howard, Earl of Suffolk, who in 1723, was paid handsomely for his wife's services to the king, when she had to leave court life due to increasing deafness. AMALIE VON WALLMODEN George's longest running affair however was with German courtier, Amalie von Wallmoden (1704 - 1764), whose twenty year affair produced him with a recognised, illegitimate son, Johan Ludwig Graf von Wallmoden - Gimborne (1736 - 1811). After the birth of their son George honoured Amalie with a life peerage, giving her the title of the Countess of Yarmouth. Amalie would be the last mistress of a British monarch to be awarded such an honour. GEORGE III George was born in London on the 4th of June 1738, the son of the former Prince of Wales, Prince Fredrick and his wife Princess Augusta of Saxe - Gotha. King George III came to the throne upon the death of his grandfather King George II, as his own father and heir to the throne, the former Prince of Wales, had died nine years previously.

George was crowned king at Westminster Abbey on the 22nd of September 1761. George III's reign is renowned for two things, the loss of the American colonies that lead to the American War of Independence and subsequent union of the United States of America and the mental illness that dominated the latter years of his life. George died, blind, deaf and insane on the 29th of January 1820 at the age of 81. It is claimed that the king's mental illness was due to the hereditary condition porphyria. He was later interred at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. CHARLOTTE OF MECKLENBURG - STRELITZ George married Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz (1744 - 1818) on the 6th of September 1761, in London. This was to become a successful marriage that bore fifteen children, one of which would become the future King of Britain and another would become the future King of Hanover.

Charlotte was born on the 19th of May 1744 at Mirow in Germany and was the daughter of Duke Charles Louis Fredrick of Mecklenburg - Strelitz and his wife Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe - Hildburghausen, Charlotte was a lover of music and it is said that she was friends with both the composers Bach and Mozart. Another of her friends was the French Princess Marie Antoinette, with whom she had a long and close relationship, until Marie Antoinette's execution in October 1793. Charlotte enjoyed her married life and caring for her children, but was not happy with court life due to the interference and controlling manner of her mother - in - law Princess Augusta. This led to the King obtaining Buckingham House as their family home, which is better known today as Buckingham Palace, which still remains to this day the official home of the British monarch. During her latter years Charlotte became the legal guardian of the King during his long mental illness.

Charlotte died on the 17th of November, 1818 at the age of 74, having been married to the king for fifty nine years, making her the longest serving Queen Consort in the British monarchy and the second longest serving consort after the Duke Of Edinburgh, consort of the present Queen Elisabeth II. She was later interred at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. During their long marriage the royal couple produced fifteen children, they were: George - Prince of Wales - (1762 - 1830) - Future Prince Regent and future King George IV of Britain. Married Caroline of Brunswick, they had one daughter, Charlotte, Princess of Wales, but she died in 1817 at the age of twenty one. Fredrick, Duke of York - (1763 - 1827) - He married Princess Charlotte of Prussia, daughter of Fredrick Willem of Prussia and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick - Luneburg. Their union was an unhappy one which produced no heirs. William, Duke of Clarence (1763 - 1827) - Future King William IV of England.

Charlotte, Princess Royal - (1766 - 1828) - Charlotte married Fredrick of Wurtenberg. Their union produced one stillborn daughter in 1798. Edward, Duke of Kent - (1767 - 1820) - Edward married Princess Victoria of Saxe Coburg Saalfeld. They produced one child, Victoria – (1819 – 1901) who would go on to become the future Queen of England. Augusta Sophia - (1768 - 1820) - Died unmarried and without issue. Elizabeth - (1770 - 1840) - Elizabeth married Fredrick VI of Landgrave Hesse Hanover. They had no issue. Ernest Augustus, - (1771 - 1851) - Future King of Hanover - He married Fredricka of Mecklenberg Strelitz and produced one child, George – (1819 – 1878), the future King George V of Hanover.

Augustua Fredrick, Duke of Sussex - (1773 - 1843) - He married Lady Augusta Murray and produced two children, Augustus – (1794 – 1848) and Augusta – (1801 – 1866). His second marriage was to Cecilia Underwood, the Duchess of Inverness. This union produced no issue. Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge - (1774 - 1850) - He married Augusta of Hesse Cassel. and produced three children, George – (1819 – 1904). Augusta – (1822 – 1916) and Mary Adelaide - (1833 – 1897). Mary - (1776 - 1857) - Mary married William, Duke of Gloucester, but had no issue. Sophia - (1777 - 1848) - Died unmarried and without issue. Octavius - (1779 - 1783) - Died in infancy.

Alfred - (1780 - 1782) - Died in infancy. Amelia - (1783 - 1810). Died unmarried and without issue. GEORGE IV George was born on the 12th of August 1762, at St Jame's Palace in London. He was the first born child of King George III and his wife Queen Charlotte. King George IV came to the throne upon the death of his mentally ill father after his coronation at Westminster Abbey on the 19th of July 1821, but had actually been the Prince Regent in the king's absence since 1810. On a personal level George is best remembered for being selfish, unreliable, irresponsible and frivolous and for the extravagant lifestyle which contributed to the British Regency period of fashion and architecture. He was also remembered for his close friendship with architect John Nash, who between them produced the two things which the Prince Regent is most famous for, the Royal Pavillion in Brighton and Regents Park in London. George became King in 1821.

By the time of his accession he was obese, addicted to laudanum and in the first stages of dementia, although this hardly made a difference to his ability to run the country as he would have been inept had he been of sound mind and body. King George IV died at Windsor Castle on the 26th of June 1830 from the affects of years of over indulgence at the age of sixty nine. He was interred at the castle's St George's Chapel on July the 15th. CAROLINE OF BRUNSWICK In 1785, at the age of 23 George had indulged in a sham marriage to one of his long time mistresses, Maria Fitzherbert (1756 - 1837). The marriage was declared null and void as it had not passed the Royal Marriage Act by way of approval by King George III. Because of this sham marriage he was ordered to marry Caroline of Brunswick - (1768 - 1821) on the 7th of April 1795, a marriage that was ill matched and lasted just over a year.

Caroline was born on the 17th of May 1768 at Braunschweig in Germany and was the daughter of Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick and his wife Princess Augusta of Britain, the sister of King George III. It has been said that the royal couple had sex just three times, so loathed was George towards his new wife, but three times was enough to produce a daughter,Charlotte (1796 - 1817) who became heir to the throne of Britain. After the birth of the princess, Caroline left the royal court, and the couple never lived together again. Princess Caroline also remained unmarried, as the royal couple had never divorced, but had indulged in many affairs, and eventually left Britain, only to return upon George's accession to the throne, but he refused to recognise Caroline as his Queen. On the night of King George's coronation, the 21st of July 1821, Caroline was taken ill in her bedchamber. She was ill for three weeks before dying on the 7th of August from an unspecified illness of which Caroline had been sure was poisoning. After her death her body was taken back to her native Brunswick in Germany for burial.

Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales was born at Carlton House in London on the 7th of January 1796. She was the only legitimate child of George, the Prince Regent and his wife Caroline of Brunswick. On the second of May 1816 she married Prince Leopold of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld, the future king of Belgium, at a ceremony at Carlton House in London. Eighteen months after her marriage she delivered a stillborn son on the 5th of November 1817 and died the next day on the 6th of November at the age of 21. Charlotte was a well loved princess and her untimely death caused the whole country to go into mourning, especially as her and her son's death had meant the deaths of the next two heirs to the throne. Charlotte was buried at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle on the 19th of November as vast crowds of the public lined the streets. MARIA FITZHERBERT George is believed to have conducted at least seven affairs during his lifetime and fathered at least two, possibly four, illegitimate children.

His mistresses were actress Mary Robinson, socialite Grace Dalrymple Elliot (1754 - 1823), with whom he had one daughter, Georgina Seymour (1782 -1813), political hostess Lady Elisabeth Lamb, Viscountess Melbourne (1750 - 1818), with whom he had one son, George (1784 - 1834), high flier Frances Villers, the Countess of Jersey (1753 - 1821), courtier Lady Isabella Ingram Seymour Conway, the Marchioness of Hertford (1759 - 1834) and courtier Lady Elizabeth Conyngham (1769 - 1861). However his longest and most high profile affair was with the twice widowed, Maria Fitzherbert (1756 - 1837) with whom he possibly had two daughters. Maria Anne Smythe was born on the 26th of July 1756 at Tong in Shropshire and was the daughter of Walter Smythe and his wife Mary Anne Errington.

At the age of 21, in July 1775, Maria married landowner Edward Weld but would be widowed just three months later when Edward was killed after a fall from his horse. Sometime in 1778 Maria married for a second time, to landowner Thomas Fitzherbert. This union produced one son who died in infancy. Again Maria was soon to be widowed when Thomas died just three years later in May 1781. Maria then moved to London as Thomas had left her a town house in Park Street. Maria met George the Prince of Wales in London in 1784 and was pursued relentlessly by him. She entered into a secret and illegal marriage with him at a ceremony performed at her home in Park Street on the 15th of December 1785. When George had to formally marry Caroline of Brunswick in 1794 he informed Maria that their affair was over by letter.They were never reconciled as lovers again, despite the fact that George and Caroline's marriage was over within months and Pope Pius VII had declared their marriage valid in 1798.

However it would seem that despite taking many lovers throughout his lifetime, George never forgot Maria, as just before his death he asked to be buried with a miniature of Maria around his neck, old love letters between the couple had also been found in his bedchamber. When the king's brother the Duke of Clarence found out about their obvious love for one another he offered Maria a ducal title, but she refused asking only that she may be allowed to wear widow's weeds. Maria died on the 27th of March 1837 at Stein House in Brighton. She was later buried at St John the Baptist Church in Kemp Town, Brighton. It has never been verified if Maria bore George any children during their nine year affair, although there have been rumours that she was seen to be pregnant at least once during that time frame. Some historians are of the belief that she bore him two daughters which were apparantly adopted by two Scottish families, a Mary Ann Stafford - Jerningham and a Mary Georgina Emma Dawson - Damer.

This rumour has further been substantiated after papers were found after her death which read - This paper is addressed to my two dear children, whom I have loved with the affection any mother could do, and I have done the utmost in my power for their interests and comfort. WILLIAM IV William was the third born child of King George III and his wife Queen Charlotte. He was born at Buckingham House, now known as Buckingham Palace, on the 21st of August, 1765. With the death of King George IV and the tragic death of his daughter Charlotte in childbirth in 1817, there was no heir presumptive to follow him onto the throne. The accession was therefore handed over to his younger brother Prince William, Duke of Clarence, who came to the throne at the age of sixty four after a coronation at Westminster Abbey on the 8th of September 1831. After a successful naval career his reign is best remembered by his political reforms of the day, of which he took an avid interest, by way of overseeing updates of the poor laws, restrictions on child labour, the abolition of slavery and a reformation of the electoral system. William was also the last British monarch to appoint a British prime minister.

King William IV died at Windsor Castle on the twentieth of June 1837 from heart failure and was buried at the castle's St George's Chapel on the eighth of July 1837. DOROTHY JORDAN George's ' real ' family was with his long time mistress, the Irish actress Dorothea Jordan (1761 - 1816), with whom he had ten children, all of whom were recognised and all of whom were titled. His twenty year relationship with Dorothea lasted from 1791 until they separated in 1811. The Duke took over the care of the boys and Dorothea was given a yearly stipend to look after the girls, provided she did not go back onto the stage, but due to family problems in 1814 Dorothea was forced back onto the stage to pay off a family debt. When the Duke heard of this he took away both her daughters and her stipend. To avoid the wrath of creditors Dorothea went to Paris, where she died in 1816, apparently living in abject poverty. Their ten children were all given the surname of FitzClarence.

Fitz, which means son or daughter of a royal and Clarence which was the Duke's honorary title from birth. Their children were: George Fitzclarence - 1794 - 1842. Henry Fitzclarence - 1795 - 1817. Sophia Fitzclarence - 1796 - 1837. Mary Fitzclarence - 1798 - 1864.Fredrick Fitzclarence - 1799 - 1854. Elisabeth Fitzclarence - 1801 - 1856. Adolphus Fitzclarence - 1802 - 1856. Augusta Fitzclarence - 1803 - 1865. Augustus Fitzclarence - 1805 - 1854 and Amelia Fitzclarence - 1807 - 1858. Several of these children went on to produce some very notable descendants, the most famous of which would be future British, Prime Minister David Cameron.

ADELAIDE OF SAXE - MEINENGEN William did eventually marry on the eleventh of July 1818, in a double wedding ceremony with his brother Edward the Duke of Kent and his bride Princess Victoria of Leiningen, at a ceremony held at Kew Palace in Surrey. William married Adelaide of Saxe - Meiningen (1792 - 1849 ). She was born on the 13th of August 1792 in Thuringia, Germany and was the daughter of George I, Duke of Saxe - Meiningen and his wife Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe - Langenburg. Their marriage, although one of convenience due to the duke's mounting debts, did become a happy and devoted union on both sides. They produced five children during their marriage but non of them would live longer than four months, they were - Princess Charlotte of Clarence, who was born and died in March of 1819. A stillborn son delivered in September 1819. Princess Elisabeth of Clarence who lived between December 1820 and March 1821. And stillborn twin boys who were delivered in April 1822.

Adelaide was loved by the British people and very well respected both at court and by the British parliament. She was religious, modest and charitable, and the whole nation mourned with her upon the tragic loss of all her babies. Adelaide was honoured by way of having the South Australian capital city of Adelaide named after her upon it's founding in 1836. Adelaide died of natural causes on the second of December 1849 at the age of fifty seven and was later interred in St Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle, alongside her husband who had died eight years previously in 1837. VICTORIA With the death of King William in 1837 the British monarchy was left for a second generation without an heir presumptive. This time the royal accession was bestowed upon the eighteen year old daughter of the fourth son of King George III, the eighteen year old Princess Victoria. Victoria was born on the 24th of May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London, the only child of Augustus, Duke of Kent and his wife Princess Victoria of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld. Her father the Duke died just a few months after her birth from pneumonia.

After a lonely and closeted childhood at the hands of her dominant, widowed mother Victoria was crowned queen at the age of nineteen at Westminster Abbey on the 28th of June 1838 and went on to reign for sixty three years, seven months and two days. During her reign she oversaw four assassination attempts, the deaths of three of her children, the tenure of twenty prime ministers and witness to more historical, scientific, medical, industrial, political and social reforms than any other British monarch. Her love affair and subsequent marriage to her consort, Prince Albert would become legendary, as would her life's work and historical achievements. No other monarch has had more written about her, more statues dedicated to her, more places named after her or more research done into her life, than Victoria, and she is hailed as the world's most famous ever royal, instantly recognised by all throughout the world. Victoria was widowed in 1861, and went into mourning for the rest of her life, although it is recorded that she did have several male friendships during that time, but whether any of them were romantic relationships is unclear, all that is known is that she definitely had certain male favourites.

Her death in 1901 saw the end of the Royal Dynasty of the Royal House of Hanover and the end of Britain's most prolific and historical royal era. She died of a stroke at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight on the 22nd of January 1901 at the age of eighty one and was interred alongside her husband Prince Albert at the Frogmore Mausoleum in Home Park situated in Windsor Great Park, near Windsor Castle. She was succeeded by her son Prince Edward, who was the first and only monarch of the Royal House of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha. ALBERT OF SAXE - COBURG AND GOTHA Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha - (1819 – 1861) on the 10th of February 1840 at the Chapel Royal in St James' Palace in London. Albert was born on the 26th of August 1819 at Rosenau Castle in Coburg, Germany and was the son of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha and his wife Princess Louise of Saxe Gotha and Altenberg.

During his marriage to Victoria Albert was renowned for his many public roles which included helping to make sweeping reforms in education, welfare, royal finances and slavery. Albert was also passionate about the arts and sciences, leading to his presidency of the Royal Commission for the Great Exhibition of 1851 at Crystal Palace (1850 - 1936) pictured below. He died on the 14th of December 1861 in the Blue Room at Windsor Castle after a recent trip to Cambridge to visit his son Prince Edward the Prince of Wales who had recently been involved in a love scandal with a woman of low repute, which the Queen and Prince Albert feared could have led to financial recriminations. Prince Albert died from what was thought to be typhoid fever at the time of his death, but further research by modern historians are of the impression, due to his last two years of waning health, that he probably died from a chronic illness or even a type of cancer. Due to this Queen Victoria for ever blamed her son for the death of her husband, completely banishing him from her life until her final days when she finally spoke to him and hugged him on her death bed at Osbourne House.

Prince Albert was originally interred at St Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle, then removed to the mausoleum at Frogmore a year later, after Victoria had had the mausoleum commissioned and built in his honour. Victoria and Albert's union produced nine children, one of whom would become the King Of Great Britain and another would become the Empress of Germany. Their children were: Victoria, The Princess Royal - (1840 - 1901) - Who married Fredrick III, Emperor of Germany. They had eight children; Wilhelm – (1859 – 1941). Charlotte – (1860 – 1919). Henry – (1862 – 1929). Sigismund – (1864 – 1866). Viktoria – (1866 – 1929). Waldemar – (1868 – 1879). Sophie – (1870 – 1932) and Margaret – (1872 – 1954).

Albert Edward, The Prince of Wales - (1841 - 1910) - Future King Edward VII of England.Married Alexander, Princess of Denmark and produced nine children. Alice - (1843 - 1878) - She married Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and had seven children; Victoria – (1863 – 1950). Elizaveta – (1864 – 1918). Irene – (1866 – 1953). Ernest – (1868 – 1937). Friedrick – (1870 – 1873). Alexander – (1872 – 1918) and Marie – (1874 – 1878). Alfred, Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha - 1844 -1900 - Who married Maria Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess of Russia. They had five children; Alfred – (1874 – 1899). Marie – (1875 – 1938).

Victoria Melita – (1876 –1936). Alexandra – (1878 – 1942) and Beatrice (1884 -1966). Helena - (1846 - 1923) - She married Prince Christian of Schleswig Holstein. and produced four children; Christian – (1867 – 1900). Albert – (1869 – 1931). Helena – (1870 – 1948) and Marie – (1872 – 1956). Louise - (1848 - 1939) - She married John Campbell, the Duke of Argyll. They had no issue. Arthur, Duke of Connaught - (1850 - 1942) - He married Princess Loiuse Margaret of Prussia and had three children; Margaret – (1882 – 1920). Arthur – (1883 – 1938) and Patricia – (1886 – 1974).

Leopold, Duke of Albany - (1853 - 1884) - He married Princess Helena of Waldeck & Pyrmont. They had two children; Alice – (1883 – 1981), who when she died at the age of 97 in 1981 became the oldest ever member of the British Royal Family, a record which still stands to this day. Charles Edward – (1884 – 1954). Beatrice - (1857 - 1944) - She married Prince Henry of Battenberg and had four children; Alexander – (1886 – 1960). Victoria – (1887 – 1969). Leopold – (1889 – 1922) and Maurice – (1891 – 1914). House of Hanover - YouTube House of Hanover Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later.

Uploaded on Jul 6, 2011 The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a deposed German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Braunschweig-Lüneburg), the Kingdom of Hanover, the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland in 1714 and held that office until the death of Victoria in 1901. They are sometimes referred to as the House of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Hanover line. The House of Hanover is a younger branch of the House of Welf, which in turn is the senior branch of the House of Este. Queen Victoria was the granddaughter of George III, and was an ancestor of most major European royal houses. She arranged marriages for her children and grandchildren across the continent, tying Europe together; this earned her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe". She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover; her son King Edward VII belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the line of his father, Prince Albert.

Since Victoria could not inherit the German kingdom and duchies under Salic law, those possessions passed to the next eligible male heir, her uncle Ernest Augustus I of Hanover, the Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale—the fifth son of George III. The current head of the House of Hanover is Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover. for more informations: (in german) Category The House of Hanover - Great Britain stamps 15 September 2011 from Norvic Philatelics. Set on PO FDC and MS on PO FDC Set of 11 Stamp Cards Special Postmarks Postmarks available for the day of issue are shown here. these may not be to scale. These postmarks cannot be obtained after the date of issue. Ref FD1133 Philatelic Bureau Official Postmark Ref FD1134 London SW1 Official Postmark Ref FD1134N London SW1 non-pictorial postmark.

Ref L12246 First day of issue St James's Palace, London Timeline postmark Ref L12248 London SW1 Ref M12268 Victoria Ave Birmingham Ref L12247 London W8 Ref L12255 Autumn Stampex The House of Hanover First Day of Issue London N1 Ref L12249 The Age of the Hanoverians, East Cowes (Isle of Wight) Ref L12254 House of Hanover London Ref L12250 Queen Victoria, Hyde Park, London W1 (showing Victoria Cross medal) Ref M12266 The Age of the Hanoverians, Kidderminster Ref L4666 Buckingham Palace, London SW (purchased by King George III) Ref L4643 Royal Pavilion Brighton (George IV, William IV) Ref L4680 Windsor Castle (George III died here, major rebuilding by George IV) <<<<< Ref L12286 The Age of the Hanoverians, London <<<<< Ref L12287 Buckingham Palace, London If you would like to know when this page is updated, please use the ChangeDetection panel next to

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If you have any questions about these stamps please email us. NB: all emails should be acknowledged in 1-2 days unless the office is closed. If you do not receive an acknowledgement please email us from a different address (eg hotmail, gmail). This page created 5 September 2011 Who was the last British monarch of the house of... - Brainly.com This Is a Certified Answer × Certified answers contain reliable, trustworthy information vouched for by a hand-picked team of experts. Brainly has millions of high quality answers, all of them carefully moderated by our most trusted community members, but certified answers are the finest of the finest. The last British monarch of the House of Hanover was yes, Queen Victoria. Her nickname was: The Grandmother of Europe. House of Hanover | British royal house | Britannica.com British royal house Germany House of Hanover, British royal house of German origin, descended from George Louis, elector of Hanover , who succeeded to the British crown, as George I , in 1714.

The dynasty provided six monarchs: George I (reigned 1714–27), George II (reigned 1727–60), George III (reigned 1760–1820), George IV (reigned 1820–30), William IV (reigned 1830–37), and Victoria (reigned 1837–1901). It was succeeded by the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, which was renamed in 1917 the house of Windsor . After the English Revolution of 1688–89, the Act of Settlement of 1701 secured the English crown to Protestants. It made Anne (of the house of Stuart) the heir presumptive; and, if she lacked issue, the crown was to go to Sophia , electress of Hanover (granddaughter of James I), and her descendants, passing over many Roman Catholics in the normal line of succession. The electress predeceased Anne by two months, and the crown went to Sophia’s son, George I.

The first two Georges were considered foreigners, especially by many Scots, and in 1715 and 1745 the Stuart claimants—James Edward, the Old Pretender, and Charles Edward, the Young Pretender—vainly attempted to regain the throne. George III, born in England, achieved wider British recognition. Hanover (an electorate, which became a kingdom in 1814) was joined to the British crown until 1837. In that year Victoria inherited the British crown but, by continental Salic Law , was barred as a woman from succession to Hanover, which went to William IV’s brother, Ernest Augustus , duke of Cumberland. Overview of Queen Victoria’s reign. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Learn More in these related articles: in United Kingdom One Minute History: Succession, Royal Inbreeding, and the Hapsburg Lip Succession, Royal Inbreeding, and the Hapsburg Lip Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Royal intermarriage , when royals marry other royals, has occurred as long as monarchies have existed.

The some members of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt married their blood siblings; Cleopatra VII and her brother Ptolemy XIII (the famous Cleopatra) are an example from the classical period. Medieval Europe saw a significant amount of intermarriage among royal families that often resulted in remote inbreeding which occurs when a husband and wife share many ancestors but are not superficially closely related. While royal marriages were often marriages of convenience to cement an alliance, some families married to keep their family in power and exclude other families from claiming their titles. Basically, any time either a female became the monarch (e.g. Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom) or a king had only daughters, they would be the last ruler of their royal house. If the daughter-princesses married men of other noble families in an alliance and had male children with them, the oldest male child would succeed to the throne when the king died under the name of his father, not his mother and the previous king.

Queen Victoria was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover ; her husband Prince-Consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha passed his name to his children and Edward VII ruled as a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . Therefore, some families thought if they only married within their own dynasty, they would anchor their family to its dominions for generations to come. Some families were more notorious than others for their close marriages. Dynasties that were especially prominent in their marriages between close relatives included The House of Wittelsbach of Bavaria, the British Royal Family, especially the House of Hanover, and Hapsburg Dynasty, especially the Spanish branch. The Wittelsbachs had aunt-nephew and uncle-niece marriages.

The Hanovers married as follows: George I married his first cousin Sophia Dorothea of Celle George I married his third cousin once removed Caroline of Ansbach George III married his second cousin twice removed Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz George IV married his first cousin Caroline of Brunswick William IV married his third cousin once removed Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen Victoria married her first cousin Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha George V sweeps away his German titles. Interestingly enough, another way to keep the family name as the ruling dynasty of a state is to make it the law. George V of the United Kingdom was born a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (a descendant of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha). However, with the start of the Great War against the German Empire, anti-German sentiment ran high and the King of England denounced his German titles, taking the name Windsor. The current British royal family is the House of Windsor. However, a queen currently rules Great Britain!

She would traditionally be the last monarch of the House of Windsor and when Charles, Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne, he would take the name of his father's family (Prince Philip who was a Greek prince before marrying Elizabeth). Charles would belong to the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (House of Glücksburg for short) and rule under that name. However, by royal decree and law, Charles will remain a Windsor and rule under that name, a continuation of the House of Windsor (itself a cadet branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha despite the denouncement of German titles by George V). Charles II of Spain, the last Spanish Hapsburg The House of Hapsburg took marriage within its own family to the extreme over many generations . The House of Hapsburg, which originated in what is now Switzerland, produced many Holy Roman Emperors and ruled the Austrian Empire (and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire) and the Spanish Empire for centuries. Franz Ferdinand , whose murder kicked off World War One, was a Hapsburg (of the cadet branch Hapsburg-Lorraine).

However, one may recall that while Franz Joseph I of Hapsburg-Lorraine ruled the Austro-Hungarian Empire during WWI, Alfonso XIII of the House of Bourbon ruled Spain in the same time period. How did the Hapsburgs, an immensely important and powerful dynasty lose the Spanish monarchy? The answer is inbreeding. The Spanish Hapsburgs intermarried so much that by the time Charles II of Spain (November 6, 1665–November 1, 1700), the last Spanish Hapsburg came to the throne, his ancestor Joanna of Castile showed up in his family tree in 14 unique spots that in most people with a diverse pedigree will have 14 distinct, different people in. Everyone can have a maximum of 32 great-great-great-great-grandmothers. Joanna of Castile showed up 6 times as his great-great-great-great-grandmother leaving him with at most 26 distinct women as his great-great-great-great-grandmothers (although it is probably less, I cannot interpret his family tree enough to calculate it).

Perhaps more confusing, one ancestor, Margarita of Austria was his grandmother and great-grandmother at the same time. King Charles had grave physical and mental illness. It is rumored that at one point in his life he exhumed the bodies of many of his ancestors to have a look at their corpses. It is suspected that he had two rare genetic diseases brought out by remote inbreeding called combined pituitary hormone deficiency and distal renal tubular acidosis. He may have also suffered from acromegaly either instead of or in addition to one or both of the disorders listed above. He also had mandibular prognathism (more on that below). Charles II was frail and fragile; he couldn't walk until he was eight years old and was by all modern standards retarded (however, he did not have any known trisomy disorders). He was exceptionally unattractive and had a severe lack of intellect and emotional stability. He was most likely sterile and it has been suggested that neither of his marriages, one of which ended in divorce, were ever consummated. His tongue was very large and he his underbite caused him to be unable to chew food. He could barely be understood when he spoke and he drooled on himself.

He died young, five days short of his 35th birthday, probably from a heart defect. His lack of an heir (and therefore his inbreeding) directly caused the fourteen-year long struggle that was the War of Spanish Succession, when as many as maybe half a million soldiers went to war to determine who would rule Spain. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor Charles was the last in a long line of increasingly deformed Spanish Hapsburgs. Although he was the extreme, other members of the family had the same jaw deformity that he had, mandibular prognathism. The condition was so common in the Hapsburg family that it became known as the Hapsburg Lip or Hapsburg Jaw . It is characterized by a large underbite and protruding "strong" chin. The deformity supposedly entered the family from a Polish princess of Piast Dynasty. Notable members of the family with it were Charles I of Spain ( Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ), pictured above, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor , pictured at left, and of course Charles II of Spain, also pictured above.

Generations of rulers had the deformity and it still can be seen, albeit in a very diminished feature, on the current King of Spain, Juan Carlos I of the House of Bourbon but also a descendant of the Hapsburgs. Juan Carlos I of Spain Finally we must remember that portraits are not photographs! They are approximations of what people looked like but were usually embellished to make the person pictured look better. Charles was probably even worse off than he looks from his official portraits. Imagine if you were approached by a powerful king from an even more powerful family to paint a portrait of him. Would you include the acne scars on his cheeks? Varicose veins? Rosacea? I think not. So remember the portraits we see are idealized, representing a possible best-case-scenario. it was not poor Charles II's fault that he was born deformed though. His family's avarice for power and wealth and unwillingness to take the risk of sharing that power with outsiders caused him to have less genetic diversity than a child of a brother and a sister.

It is always the innocent victims of circumstance and birth that we seem to take pity on and Charles II, who could have had anything as King of Spain during the peak of the Spanish Imperial period but could not even chew his own food, certainly deserves our pity. Posted by the last British monarch of the house of Hanover however - FINANCE - 1001 View Full Document the last British monarch of the house of Hanover however her era in United Kingdom is counted as the best era of economical development t in the states. she was the German descent her son Edward VII belonged to the house of co burg and gotha.her father name was Edward who was the duke of Kent and strattheam.her father was the son of king George III princess Victoria was born in Kensington palace in London her god parents were the prince regent and the emperor alexender.from her birth she was styled life the queens and with the royal highness she was famous with he name of drina in her family.

after her birth her father got died suffering from pneumonia after the death of her father prince of Wales George IV took the crown of prince , she was the queen who had the great knowledge in various subjects and she speaks more then one languages she speaks fluently in English Italian German Greek Chinese French arithmetic she was good at music and the most favorite subject was history in which Victoria was very brilliant.ater the death of George IV the crown of king transmitted to his brother the duke of Clarence and st Andrews he was called king William he had no child and after all the crown to by the Victoria after the death of William. At that time according to the law of England the queen must had the age of 18 to get the crown as a queen of England. She got married with Prince Albert who was the victories first cousin and after the wedding that wedding was proved as the very happy wedding in the Victorians era. In the year 1837 Victoria reach the age of 18 to get the regency and she was the queen after the death of her uncle William.

in Hanover there was the law of no women would be able to get the throne in salic law so the throne passed to the victories uncle who was the duke of camberland.victoria is also famous with the title of Mrs. Melbourne because the influence of lord Melbourne in the life of the queen was so long. This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM WINNEBAGO INDUSTRIES USA Research work is related to the largest industry of USA that Report (Industry).doc

Question: Who was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover?
Answer: Queen Victoria