Captain Cook killed in Hawaii - Feb 14, 1779 - HISTORY.com Captain Cook killed in Hawaii Share this: Captain Cook killed in Hawaii Author Captain Cook killed in Hawaii URL Publisher A+E Networks On February 14, 1779, Captain James Cook, the great English explorer and navigator, is murdered by natives of Hawaii during his third visit to the Pacific island group. In 1768, Cook, a surveyor in the Royal Navy, was commissioned a lieutenant in command of the HMS Endeavor and led an expedition that took scientists to Tahiti to chart the course of the planet Venus. In 1771, he returned to England, having explored the coast of New Zealand and Australia and circumnavigated the globe. Beginning in 1772, he commanded a major mission to the South Pacific and during the next three years explored the Antarctic region, charted the New Hebrides, and discovered New Caledonia. In 1776, Cook sailed from England again as commander of the HMS Resolution and Discovery, and in January 1778 he made his first visit to the Hawaiian Islands.

He may have been the first European to ever visit the island group, which he named the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his patrons, John Montague, the Earl of Sandwich. Cook and his crew were welcomed by the Hawaiians, who were fascinated by the Europeans’ ships and their use of iron. Cook provisioned his ships by trading the metal, and his sailors traded iron nails for sex. The ships then made a brief stop at Ni’ihau and headed north to look for the western end of a northwest passage from the North Atlantic to the Pacific. Almost one year later, Cook’s two ships returned to the Hawaiian Islands and found a safe harbor in Hawaii’s Kealakekua Bay. It is suspected that the Hawaiians attached religious significance to the first stay of the Europeans on their islands. In Cook’s second visit, there was no question of this phenomenon. Kealakekua Bay was considered the sacred harbor of Lono, the fertility god of the Hawaiians, and at the time of Cook’s arrival the locals were engaged in a festival dedicated to Lono. Cook and his compatriots were welcomed as gods and for the next month exploited the Hawaiians’ good will.

After one of the crewmen died, exposing the Europeans as mere mortals, relations became strained. On February 4, 1779, the British ships sailed from Kealakekua Bay, but rough seas damaged the foremast of the Resolution, and after only a week at sea the expedition was forced to return to Hawaii. The Hawaiians greeted Cook and his men by hurling rocks; they then stole a small cutter vessel from the Discovery. Negotiations with King Kalaniopuu for the return of the cutter collapsed after a lesser Hawaiian chief was shot to death and a mob of Hawaiians descended on Cook’s party. The captain and his men fired on the angry Hawaiians, but they were soon overwhelmed, and only a few managed to escape to the safety of the Resolution. Captain Cook himself was killed by the mob. A few days later, the Englishmen retaliated by firing their cannons and muskets at the shore, killing some 30 Hawaiians. The Resolution and Discovery eventually returned to England. Related Videos A Deadly Valentines Day in Hawaii Watch. Listen. Play.

The Ukulele Mele Way A Deadly Valentines Day in Hawaii February 16, 2014 by Mele Fong What started as a love affair ended in tragedy on Valentines Day for a famous explorer in Hawaii. British Captain James Cook is credited with the first European contact with Native Hawaiians in 1778. Years ago, we visited the monument to Captain Cook at Kealakekua Bay, on the Big Island of Hawaii. Little did we know that he was killed on February 14, 1779, during his third visit to the Hawaiian Islands. Captain Cook’s first visit was in January 1778, when he “discovered” the islands, which he named the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his patrons, the Earl of Sandwich. This was the first European contact and the start of many changes for the Native Hawaiian inhabitants. The Hawaiians welcomed Cook, and were fascinated by this ships and use of iron. Cook traded metal for provisions for his ships, left the islands, and returned almost one year later to Kealakekua Bay on the Big Island of Hawaii.

During Cook’s second visit, he happened to arrive during a festival for Lono, the fertility god of the Hawaiians. Cook and his crew were also treated as gods, until one crewman died, exposing Europeans as mere mortals, and thus relations with the Hawaiians were strained. On February 4, 1779, the British ships sailed from the Bay, but rough seas forced them to return to Hawaii. On Cook’s third visit, angry Hawaiians greeted him by hurling rocks and then stole a small cutter vessel from the ship Discovery. A Hawaiian chief was shot to death, and then one thing led to another until Cook was killed by the mob. The ships Resolution and Discovery eventually returned to England. Read more at the History Channel website . Explorers for Kids: Captain James Cook Born: October 27, 1728 in Marton, England Died: Killed by natives at the Hawaiian Islands on February 14, 1779 Best known for: Exploring the South Pacific Biography: James Cook was a British navigator and explorer who sailed and mapped much of the South Pacific . Where did Captain Cook grow up?

James Cook was born on October 27, 1728 in Marton, England . His father was a farmer, but as James grew older he began to feel the lure of the sea. At around the age of 18 he took an apprenticeship as a merchant seaman. Although he did well and was advancing in the merchant navy, Cook decided to enlist in the Royal Navy at the start of the Seven Years War. It was during the Seven Years War that James became a master at map making. His ability at surveying, navigating, and creating large accurate maps was noticed by those high up in the Navy. The Endeavour Cook was given command of the Endeavour by England's Royal Society. The ship was a cat-collier that was typically used for carrying coal. It wasn't fast, but it was durable and could carry a lot of supplies. Captain Cook introduced some rigid and innovative rules in order to keep his crew healthy and safe. He required his men to bathe every day, the ship to be kept very clean, and the bedding to be aired twice a week. He also brought lots of fresh fruit to keep his men from getting scurvy.

These rules and planning helped his men to stay healthy throughout the long voyages ahead. First Expedition Cook set off for his first journey on August 26, 1768. His main objective was to observe the planet Venus as it passed between the Earth and the Sun. This would help astronomers to calculate the distance of the Sun from the Earth. He also hoped to find the fabled southern continent. Routes of Captain James Cook through the South Pacific The first voyage is in red, the second in green, and the third in blue. By Andre Engels Click to see a larger view During this trip he visited Tahiti (where he made the observations of Venus), the Society Islands, and New Zealand. He mapped much of the two main islands of New Zealand, but also ended up fighting with the local Maori tribe. Next stop on the journey was the east coast of Australia . Here James and his crew found all sorts of interesting animals and plants including the kangaroo. Unfortunately, the ship was damaged on some coral and they had to stop for a while to do repairs. Many of the crew got malaria from mosquitoes during this stop and over 30 of the crew died from the disease.

Finally they returned home in July of 1771, nearly three years after their departure. Click here to see an animated route of Cook's first voyage . Second Expedition Captain Cook's second expedition took place from 1772-1775. This time he took two ships, the Adventure and the Resolution. His goal was to either discover the southern continent or prove that it didn't exist. He went below 70 degrees latitude. This was the furthest south any European had explored. He also visited Easter Island. Click here to see an animated route of Cook's second voyage . Final Journey Cook's final expedition lasted from 1776 to 1779. The goal of this journey was to find a northwest passage across North America to Asia. He searched the coast of Alaska to no avail. He did find the Hawaiian Islands , however (they were named the Sandwich Islands at the time). At first Captain Cook and his men got along well with the natives of the Hawaiian Islands. However, things went bad when the natives stole a sailboat. Cook tried to kidnap the chief to hold him as ransom for the boat. In the attempt a fight broke out and he was killed by the natives.

Cook's ship the Resolution Fun Facts about Captain Cook The first European to set foot on Australia's east coast was Cook's nephew Isaac Smith. The Endeavour also had scientists aboard including botanist Joseph Banks. They collected and recorded numerous plants and animals throughout their journey. Tahiti was so nice and the natives so friendly that some of Cook's crew wanted to stay. The Maori warriors in New Zealand wore tattoos on their faces. Some of the Endeavour's sailors got tattoos on their arms and started a tradition that continues today. As Cook was exploring during the American Revolution , Benjamin Franklin wrote to the captains of America's warships telling them to not attack or harass Cook's ships. Activities Take a ten question quiz about this page. More Explorers: Kaleo Valentine's Day Jeopardy Jeopardy Template 100 Who are Bonnie and Clyde? This notorious couple were American outlaws and robbers traveled the central United States with their gang during the Great Depression, eventually being ambushed and killed by four Texas officers in 1934. 100 This famous musical artist deserves "respect" for recording a huge success on February 14, 1967.

100 Cupid is the son of this pagan goddess. 100 "You had me at 'Hello'" 100 Who are Jacob and Rachel? This couple’s bait and switch love story was 14 years in the making. 200 What is Antony and Cleopatra? This Shakespearean work follows the love affair of an Egyptian queen and a roman general that ultimately ends in the queen taking her own life. 200 Who is Thomas Cranmer? In 1556 this leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury was declared a heretic, degraded from his episcopal and sacerdotal offices, and handed over to the state. 200 This US State produces 60% of American roses. 200 200 Who is Ruth? This woman discovered that the way to a man's heart is by lying at his feet. 300 What is Chicago, Illinois? This city was home to the 1929 St. Valentine’s Day massacre between Al Capone and George “Bugs” Moran. 300 This mostly-Asian country was liberated on Valentine's Day, 1943.

300 This company was the first to produce conversation heart candies. 300 "Some people are worth melting for." 300 Who is Delilah? This woman gave her lover a haircut in his sleep and accused him of not trusting her. 400 Who is Theodore Roosevelt? On February 14, 1884, this mother and wife of this New York governor and future Nobel Prize-winning U.S. President passed away within a few hours of each other. 400 Who is Wilt Chamberlain? This professional basketball player set the all-time scoring record in 1966 hitting the 21,000 point mark. 400 This Italian city receives approximately 1,000 letters addressed to Shakespeare’s Juliet each year. 400 What is The Lord of the Rings? "I would rather face one lifetime with you than face all the ages of this world alone." 400 Who is Queen Vashti? This royal first lady was removed from her position after refusing to parade her beauty before her husband. 500 Who are Paris and Helen? According to Greek mythology the love between this couple provoked the Trojan War and, ultimately, the downfall of Troy.

500 Who is Captain James Cook? This great English explorer and navigator, was murdered by natives of Hawaii during his third visit to the Pacific island group on February 14, 1779. 500 What is the Taj Mahal? This structure built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan as a memorial to his wife, who died in childbirth could be considered the most fantastic gift of love. Work on the structure began in 1634 and continued for almost 22 years, and required the labor of 20,000 workers. 500 "You have bewitched me body and soul." 500 Who is Gomer? God told a minor prophet to “Go, take to yourself a wife of whoredom and have children of whoredom, for the land commits great whoredom by forsaking the LORD.” So he went and took this woman.

spookyblue.com » Some Valentine’s Day Facts You Didn’t Care To Know Some Valentine’s Day Facts You Didn’t Care To Know Posted on February 14th, 2008 by headspook -11 Catholic martyrs named Valentine were recognized by the church until 1969 when the list was trimmed down to two. February 14 honors them both. -On February 14, 1779, the natives of Hawaii murdered Captain James Cook the great English explorer and navigator. -Alexander Graham Bell applied for his patent on the telephone, on Valentine’s Day, 1876. -Thursday, February 14, 1929 was the date of the infamous Valentine Day’s Massacre in which 5 members of Bugs Moran’s gang were lined up and shot by Al Capone’s gang. -Humorous valentines of the 19th century were called “Vinegar Valentines” or “Penny Dreadfuls”. -February 14, 1974, The Captain and Tennille were married. Happy Valentine’s Day!

February 14 - Famous Deaths - On This Day On This Day Famous Deaths on February 14 Full Calendar 270 St. Valentine marking Valentines Day (some sources say 269, others 273). 869 Saint Cyril, Greek monk, scholar, theologian and linguist (b. 827) Called "apostle of Slavs" 1317 Marguerite of France, queen of Edward I of England (b.

1282) 1400 Richard II, king of England (1377-99), murdered at age 33 at Pontefract Castle Person of Interest 1405 Timur/ Tamerlane "Lenk", [Crippled], Turko-Mongol ruler, dies at about 68 Turkic Conqueror 1528 Edzard I the Great, count of Austria-E Frisia (1494-1528), dies at 66 1571 Benvenuto Cellini, Italian sculptor/writer (Perseus), dies at 70 1571 Odet de Coligny, Cardinal of Châtillon/count of Beauvais, dies at 53 1676 Abraham Bosse, French engraver and artist 1681 Francesco Nigetti, composer, dies at 77 1714 Maria Luisa of Savoy, Queen Consort of Spain (b. 1688) 1737 Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot of Hensol, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b.

1685) 1760 Francois Collin de Blamont, composer, dies at 69 Person of Interest 1779 James Cook , British explorer, navigator and cartographer, discovered and explored Australia, Pacific Islands and New Zealand for Britain, killed by Native Hawaiians near Kealakekua, Island of Hawaii at 50 Captain/Explorer 1780 William Blackstone , English lawyer, dies at 56 Jurist 1790 Capel Bond, composer, dies at 59 Person of Interest 1808 John Dickinson , American lawyer and Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania, dies at 75 Founding Father of the United States 1818 John C Hespe, Dutch journalist/politician, dies at 61 1820 Charles F, Duke of Berry, murdered at 42 1831 Vincente Guerrero, Mexican revolutionary hero, dies 1841 Antun Sorkocevic, composer, dies at 65 1845 Joseph Lakanal, French Politician and Educator, dies at 82 1846 Cornelis F van Maanen, Dutch supreme court

 justice, dies at 76 1857 Johannes Bernardus van Bree, Dutch violinist/composer/conductor, dies at 56 1870 St.

John Richardson Liddell, American Civil War Confederate General (b. 1815) 1873 Charles Samvei Bovy-Lysberg, composer, dies at 52 1881 Fernando Wood, New York City mayor (b. 1812) 1885 Jules Vallès, French writer (b. 1832) Person of Interest 1891 William Tecumseh Sherman , Union Civil War General, dies at 71 Union General 1894 Eugène Charles Catalan, Belgian mathematician (b. 1814) 1901 Edward John Hopkins, English organist and composer, dies at 82 1908 Georges Jean Pfeiffer, composer, dies at 72 1916 Petko J Todorov, Bulgaria writer (Zmejova), dies at 36 1922 Heikki Ritavuori, Finnish politician (assassinated) (b. 1880) 1929 Tom Burke, American runner (b.

1875) 1937 Erkki Gustav Melartin, composer, dies at 62 1942 Adnan Bin Saidi, Officer of the Malay Regiment killed in the defense of Singapore (b. 1915) 1943 David Hilbert, German mathematician (Hilbert Space), dies at 81 1943 Frieda Reiss, French 11 month old baby, murdered in Auschwitz 1943 Dora Gerson, German actress, cabaret singer, and Holocaust victim (b. 1899) 1948 Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (b. 1876) 1949 Yusuf Salman Yusuf, Iraqi-Assyrian communist leader (b. 1901) 1950 Eduard Hermann, German linguist (Homer), dies at 80 1950 Karl G Jansky, Czech discoverer of cosmic radio sources, dies at 44 1952 Maurice De Waele, Belgian cyclist (b.

1896) 1955 Charles Cuvillier, composer, dies at 77 1958 Abdul Rab Nishtar, veteran leader of Pakistan Movement, (b. 1899) 1959 Baby Dodds, American jazz drummer (b.

1898) 1961 Wallis Clark, actress (Easy Money), dies at 78 1965 Desire-Emile Inghelbrecht, French composer/conductor, dies at 84 1967 James Schneider, actor (Keystone Kops), dies at 85 1967 Sig Ruman, actor (Schultz-Life With Luigi), dies at 82 1969 Vito Genovese, US mafia chief, dies at 71 1969 Wolfe Barzell, actor (Blue Angel), dies of heart attack at 72 1972 Lambertus "Bertus" van Lyre, composer/conductor (Dike), dies at 65 1974 C S Dempster, cricketer (10 Tests for NZ, 723 runs), dies 1975 Heintje Davids, [Hendrika David], Dutch cabaret artist, dies at 87 1975 Julian S Huxley, English scholar/dir-gen (UNESCO), dies at 87 1975 Pelham G Wodehouse, English/US writer (

Piccadilly Jim), dies at 93 1978 Paul Governali, American professional football player (b.

1921) 1979 Adolph Dubs, US ambassador to Afghanistan, murdered 1980 Luitkonwar Rudra Baruah, Assamese composer and actor 1982 Henk Schaer, [Hendricus J M Schaareman], Dutch actor, dies at 79 1983 Lina Radke, German athlete (b. 1903) 1987 Bola Sete, guitarist, dies at 63 1987 Karolos Koun, Greek theater director (b. 1908) 1988 Frederick Loewe, US composer (My Fair Lady), dies at 84 1989 James Bond, American ornithologist (b.

1900) 1990 Graeme Hole, cricketer (18 Tests for Australia, 789 runs), dies 1990 Jean Wallace, [Walasek], actress (Big Combo), dies of hemorrhage at 66 1990 Tony Holiday, German singer 1991 Arno Breker, German sculptor (Third Reich), dies at 90 1991 John A McCone, Head of CIA (1961-65), dies 1992 Angelique Pettyjohn, actress (Biohazard), dies of cancer at 48 1992 Jacob "Bob" de Uyl, journalist/author (Restless Travel), dies at 61 1992 Roepie Kruize, hockey player (Olympic-bronze-48/silver-52), dies at 67 1993 Buddy Pepper, composer, dies of heart failure at 70 1994 Christopher Lasch, author (Culture of Narcissism), dies at 61 1994 Gary "BB" Coleman, blues vocal/guitarist/producer, dies

 at 47 1995 Alberto Burri, Italian physician/sculptor/painter, dies at 79 1995 Michael Vincent Gazzo, US actor/playwright (The Godfather Part II), dies at 71 1995 Nigel Lucius Graeme Finch, TV Director/film-maker, dies at 45 1995 Patricia Highsmith, writer, dies at 74 1995 Roger de Grey, English chairman of Royal Academy (1984-93), dies at 76 1995 Siem Suurhoff, TV-director (Behind the News, Sonja), dies at 58 1995 U Nu, PM of Burma (1948-56, 57-58, 60-62), dies at 87 1996 Bob Paisley, football manager, dies at 77 1996 Caroline Blackwood, writer, dies at 64 1996 Eva Hart, Titanic survivor, dies at 90 1996 Ivan William Hannaford, sociologist, dies at 64 19

98 Claude Prey, French composer, dies at 72 1999 John Ehrlichman, American presidential advisor (b.

1925) 1999 Buddy Knox, American singer and songwriter (Party Doll, Lovey Dovey), dies at 65 2000 Walter Zinn, Canadian-American Nuclear-Physicist (invented the breeder reactor), dies at 93 2002 Nándor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (b. 1922) Person of Interest 2003 Dolly the Sheep , first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell dies young form a progressive lung disease aged 6 Sheep 2003 Johnny Longden, English jockey (b. 1907) 2004 Marco Pantani, Italian cyclist (b. 1970) 2005 Najai Turpin, American boxer 2005 Rafik Hariri, Lebanese politician and billionaire businessman (b. 1944) 2006 Shoshana Damari, Israeli singer and actress (b. 1923) 2006 Lynden David Hall, British singer (b. 1974) 2006 Darry Cowl, French musician and actor (b.

1925) 2007 Gareth Morris, British flautist (b. 1920) 2007 Ryan Larkin, Canadian animated filmmaker. (b. 1943) 2009 Bernard Ashley, English businessperson, fashion designer and co-founder of Laura Ashley, dies of cancer at 82 2010 Doug Fieger, American musician The Knack (b. 1952) 2010 Dick Francis, British jockey-turned-novelist (b. 1920) 2011 Sir George Shearing, Anglo-American jazz pianist (b.

1919) 2012 Dory Previn, American singer-songwriter, dies at 86 2015 Louis Jourdan, French actor (Gigi, Octopussy), dies at 93 2015 Philip Levine, American poet (1995 Pulitzer prize), dies at 87 2015 Alan Howard, British actor (Royal Shakespeare Company), dies at 77 2015 Michele Ferrero, Italian entrepreneur (Ferrero SpA) created Nutella, dies at 89 2016 Steven Stucky, American composer (Los Angeles Philharmonic), dies of cancer at 66 Valentines Day Facts Valentine's Day Did You Know? There are different opinions as to who was the original Valentine was, but the most popular theory dates back to the time of the Roman Empire and the reign of Claudius II, 270 AD. Claudius believed that single men made better soldiers and did not want his men to marry during wartime. Bishop Valentine went against his wishes and performed secret wedding ceremonies. Valentine was jailed and then executed by order of the Emperor on February 14.

While in jail, he wrote a love note to the jailor's daughter signing it, "From your Valentine." In any event, in 496 A.D., Pope Gelasius set aside February 14 to honor St. Valentine. Through the centuries, the Christian holiday became a time to exchange love messages and St. Valentine became a patron saint of lovers. In the 1840s, Esther Howland, a native of Massachusetts, is given credit for sending the first Valentine cards. The spirit of love continues as valentines are sent with sentimental verses and children exchange valentine cards at school. Facts The most fantastic gift of love is the Taj Mahal in India. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan as a memorial to his wife. Cupid is a symbol of Valentine’s Day. Cupid was associated with Valentine’s Day because he was the son of Venus, the Roman god of love and beauty. The Roman Lupercalia, a celebration of fertility began on February 14th. The date was later borrowed by the early Christians to celebrate a martyr by the name of Valentine. Ancient Romans believe that birds mated on February 14th.

In the middle Ages, people believed that the first unmarried person of the opposite sex you met on the morning of St. Valentine's Day would become your spouse. Teachers receive the most Valentine's Day cards, followed by children, mothers, wives, and then, sweethearts. Children between ages 6 to 10 exchange more than 650 million Valentine's cards with teachers, classmates, and family members. A single perfect red rose framed with baby's breath is named by some florists as a "signature rose," and is the preferred choice for most for giving on Valentine's Day, anniversaries and birthdays. The red rose was the favorite flower of Venus, the Roman goddess of love. The oldest surviving love poem till date is written in a clay tablet from the times of the Sumerians, inventors of writing, around 3500 B.C. Verona, the Italian city where Shakespeare's play lovers Romeo and Juliet lived, receives about 1,000 letters every year sent to Juliet on Valentine's Day. Amongst the earliest Valentine's Day gifts were candies. The most common were chocolates in heart shaped boxes.

In America, the pilgrims used to sent confections, such as sugar wafers, marzipan, sweetmeats and sugar plums, to their lovers. They all contained sugar which was a rare commodity. Every year around 1 billion Valentine cards are sent across. After Christmas it’s a single largest seasonal card-sending occasion. 73% of American men buy flowers on Valentine's Day! Over 90% of Valentine's Day flowers are purchased by men. 15% of U.S. women send themselves flowers on Valentine's Day. England's King Henry VIII declared February 14th a holiday in 1537 for the first time. Alexander Graham Bell applied for his patent on the telephone, on the Valentine's Day, 1876. On February 14, 1779, the natives of Hawaii murdered Captain James Cook the great English explorer and navigator. Casanova, well known as "The World's Greatest Lover," ate chocolate to make him virile. Physicians of the 1800's commonly advised their patients to eat chocolate to calm their pining for lost love.

Richard Cadbury produced the first box of chocolates for Valentine's Day in the late 1800's. {googleAds} There are many other traditions and superstitions associated with romance activities on Valentine's day including: Traditionally, spring begins on St Valentine's Day (February 14th), the day on which birds chose their mates. In parts of Sussex Valentines Day was called 'the Birds' Wedding Day'. The first man an unmarried woman saw on 14th February would be her future husband; If the names of all a girl's suitors were written on paper and wrapped in clay and the clay put into water, the piece that rose to the surface first would contain the name of her husband-to-be. Some people used to believe that if a woman saw a robin flying overhead on Valentine's Day, it meant she would marry a sailor. If she saw a sparrow, she would marry a poor man and be very happy. If she saw a goldfinch, she would marry a millionaire. In the Middle Ages, young men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They would wear these names on their sleeves for one week.

In Wales wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts on February 14th. Hearts, keys and keyholes were favourite decorations on the spoons. The decoration meant, "You unlock my heart!" Here's a look at some fun facts, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau and the United States Department of Agriculture: Flowers $18 million The combined wholesale value of domestically produced cut roses in 2009 for all operations with $100,000 or more in sales. $359 million The combined wholesale value of domestically produced cut flowers in 2009 for all flower-producing operations with $100,000 or more in sales. Among states, California was the leading producer, alone accounting for about three-quarters of this amount ($269 million). The number of florists nationwide in 2008. These businesses employed 89,741 people. Candy $12.2 billion Total value of shipments in 2008 for firms producing chocolate and cocoa products. Non-chocolate confectionery product manufacturing, meanwhile, was a $7.1 billion industry. 1,317 Number of U.S.

manufacturing establishments that produced chocolate and cocoa products in 2008, employing 38,369 people. California led the nation in the number of chocolate and cocoa manufacturing establishments, with 146, followed by Pennsylvania, with 115. 422 Number of U.S. establishments that manufactured non-chocolate confectionary products in 2008. These establishments employed 16,860 people. Per capita consumption of candy by Americans in 2009. "Will You Marry Me" Median age at first marriage in 2010 for men and women, respectively. 2.1 million The number of marriages that took place in the United States in 2009. That breaks down to nearly 5,800 a day. 108,150 The number of marriages performed in Nevada during 2009. So many couples tie the knot in the Silver State that it ranked fifth nationally in marriages, even though its total population that year among states was 35th. (California ranked first in marriages.) The overall percentage of adults who reported being married.

69% Percentage of people 15 years and older in 2010 who had been married at some point in their lives - either currently or formerly. 73% Among women who married for the first time between 1985 and 1989, the percentage who marked their 10th anniversary. This compares with 87 percent of women who married for the first time between 1955 and 1959. 6% As of 2004, the percentage of currently married women who had been married for at least 50 years. A little more than half of currently married women had been married for at least 15 years.

Captain James Cook | British Navigator and Explorer Home: Library: Cook, James “I now once more hoisted English Coulers and in the Name of His Majesty King George the Third, took possession of the whole Eastern Coast [of New Holland] from the above Latitude down to this place by the name of New South Wales.” - JAMES COOK James Cook British Navigator and Explorer, 1728 - 1779 James Cook was born on October 27, 1728 in Marton, (near modern Middlesborough), Yorkshire, Britain. Cook commanded three voyages of discovery for Great Britain, and sailed around the world twice. He was the first British ship commander to circumnavigate the globe in a lone ship. Cook was also the first British commander to prevent the outbreak of scurvy by regulating his crew’s diet, serving them citrus fruit and sauerkraut to prevent the disease. He is considered one of the world’s greatest explorers. Cook was an apprentice to a shipping company at age 15, and joined the British Navy in 1755 at the age of 27.

In 1768, the British Admiralty appointed Cook, then a Lieutenant, to lead a scientific expedition that would sail to the island of Tahiti in the south Pacific to establish an astronomical observatory. Their mission was to measure an eclipse of the sun by Venus . The Admiralty selected Cook because of his proven skills as a navigator, and for his interest in astronomy. He set out on August 12, 1768 in His Majesty’s Bark Endeavour , arriving in Tahiti on April 13, 1769. On June 3, 1769, Cook successfully measured the time it took Venus to transit the sun, and by doing so obtained data that would help scientists to accurately determine the size of the solar system. Cook was also issued secret orders to seek the great southern continent (“Terres Australes Incognita” or unknown lands in the south) that geographers long believed kept the world in balance. In Cook’s day, the discovery of new lands often lead to great wealth for the nation claiming those lands. His orders were secret because the Admiralty did not want Britain’s international competitors to know about this aspect of Cook’s expedition.

Cook searched for Terres Australes to no avail, determining that no such great continent existed. In October 1769, he was the first European to land on New Zealand. The Islands were sighted previously by Dutch Captain Able Tasman in 1642, 127 years before Cook’s landing. New Zealand is named after the Dutch province of Zeelandt (meaning Sea Land). In 1770, Cook conducted a comprehensive survey of the eastern coast of New Holland (now Australia), the part of the continent the Dutch had not technically mapped. On August 22, 1770, he claimed those lands for Great Britain. The name “Australia” was not used until the early 1800s. On Cook’s second journey he sailed farther south than any other European. He circled Antarctica in his famous ship Resolution , but the ice surrounding the continent prevented the sighting of land. The existence of the Antarctica remained unproved until 1840. Upon his return to England in 1775, Cook was promoted to Captain and elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society.

In July of 1776, Cook set sail on his third voyage, again in Resolution . His mission was to look for a possible northern sea route between Europe and Asia. In 1778, Cook became the first know European to reach the Hawaiian Islands. Later in 1778, he sailed up the northwest coast of North America, and was the first European to land on Vancouver Island in British Columbia. He continued up the coast through the Bering Strait, and entered the Arctic Ocean. Great walls of ice blocked the expedition, so Cook headed back for the Hawaiian Islands. On February 14, 1779, Cook was stabbed to death by Hawaiian natives while investigating a theft of a boat by an islander. The expedition arrived back in England in October of 1780. If you are aware of books, movies, databases, web sites or other information sources about James Cook or related subjects, or if you would like to comment, please contact us . Resource Menu

Question: Which famous explorer was murdered by natives of Hawaii on Valentine's Day in 1779?
Answer: James Cook