René Armand François Prudhomme, Nobel Prize in Literature, 1901 (1839 - 1907) - Genealogy René Armand François Prudhomme, Nobel Prize in Literature, 1901 Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos René Armand François Prudhomme, Nobel Prize in Literature, 1901 Also Known As: French Poet & Essayist, First Nobel Prize in Literature, 1901 Managed by: Mar 16 1839 - Paris, France Death: Mar 16 1839 - Paris, Fr Death: sister About René Armand François Prudhomme, Nobel Prize in Literature, 1901 René François Armand (Sully) Prudhomme (16 March 1839 – 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist, winner of the first Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1901.

Born in Paris, Prudhomme originally studied to be an engineer, but turned to philosophy and later to poetry; he declared it as his intent to create scientific poetry for modern times. In character sincere and melancholic, he was linked to the Parnassus school, although, at the same time, his work displays characteristics of its own. Early life Prudhomme attended the Lycée Bonaparte, but eye trouble interrupted his studies. He worked for a while in the Creusot region for the Schneider company, and then began studying law in a notary's office. The favourable reception of his early poems by the Conférence La Bruyère (a student society) encouraged him to begin a literary career. Writing His first collection, Stances et Poèmes ("Stanzas and Poems", 1865), was praised by Sainte-Beuve. It included his most famous poem, Le vase brisé. He published more poetry before the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. This war, which he discussed in Impressions de la guerre (1872) and La France (1874), permanently damaged his health.

During his career, Prudhomme gradually shifted from the sentimental style of his first books towards a more personal style which unified the formality of the Parnassian school with his interest in philosophical and scientific subjects. The inspiration was clearly Lucretius's De rerum natura, for the first book of which he made a verse translation. His philosophy was expressed in La Justice (1878) and Le Bonheur (1888). The extreme economy of means employed in these poems has, however, usually been judged as compromising their poetical quality without advancing their claims as works of philosophy. He was elected to the Académie française in 1881. Another distinction, Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur, was to follow in 1895. After, Le Bonheur, Prudhomme turned from poetry to write essays on aesthetics and philosophy.

He published two important essays: L'Expression dans les beaux-arts (1884) and Réflexions sur l'art des vers (1892), a series of articles on Blaise Pascal in La Revue des Deux Mondes (1890), and an article on free will (La Psychologie du Libre-Arbitre, 1906) in the Revue de métaphysique et de morale. [edit] Nobel Prize The first writer to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature, he devoted the bulk of the money he received to the creation of a poetry prize awarded by the Société des gens de lettres. He also founded, in 1902, the Société des poètes français with Jose-Maria de Heredia and Leon Dierx. Death At the end of his life, his poor health (which had troubled him ever since 1870) forced him to live almost as a recluse at Châtenay-Malabry, suffering attacks of paralysis while continuing to work on essays. He died suddenly on 6 September 1907, and was buried at Père-Lachaise in Paris.

Nobelprize.org Share this: Award Ceremony Speech Presentation Speech by C.D. af Wirsén, Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy , on December 10, 1901 When Alfred Nobel decided to make the great donation which has justly received much attention, his entire life's work led him to favour the study of nature and to reward discoveries in some of the sciences concerned with it. Likewise, his cosmopolitan aspirations made him an advocate of peace and of the brotherhood of nations. In his will he also included literature, although he placed it after the sciences, to which he felt most drawn. Literature is grateful to him that its practitioners have also been the object of his solicitude; one could argue that it comes last in the group of Swedish prizes for the very sound reason that the supreme flower of civilization, perhaps most beautiful yet also most delicate, will now bloom on the firm ground of reality. In any event, the laureates receive in these floral tributes of modern times a recompense surpassing in material value the golden violets of a past era. The award of the Nobel Prize in Literature poses its own problems.

«Literature» is a very inclusive term and the statutes of the Nobel Foundation rightly specify that the competition must include not only belles-lettres but also works which, by their form as well as by their exposition, have literary value. But thereby the field is expanded and the difficulties are compounded. If it is difficult to decide - supposing that the merits of the proposed authors otherwise are approximately equal - whether the Prize should be granted to a lyric, an epic, or a dramatic poet, the task is complicated even more if it becomes a matter of choosing among an eminent historian, a great philosopher, and a poet of genius. The dimensions become, as the mathematicians say, incommensurable. But one may be consoled with the thought that, since the Prize is an annual one, more than one writer of merit who has to yield his place to another equally great, may be able to receive some other year the award he deserves. Numerous and excellent recommendations for the literary Prize have reached the Swedish Academy. It has submitted them to the most scrupulous examination and in its choice among different names of universal reputation and almost equal literary importance, it has decided on one which it believed should have priority this time from several points of view.

It has awarded the first Nobel Prize in Literature to the poet and philosopher Sully Prudhomme of the French Academy. Sully Prudhomme was born March 16, 1839, and in 1865 emerged as an accomplished poet in his Stances et Poèmes [Stanzas and Poems]. This volume was followed by several others of verse, philosophy, and aesthetics. If the imagination of other poets is primarily turned outward and reflects the life and the world surrounding us, Sully Prudhomme has an introvert nature as sensitive as it is delicate. His poetry is rarely concerned with images and exterior situations as such, but principally with the extent to which they can serve as a mirror of poetic contemplation. The love of the spiritual, his doubts, his sorrows, which nothing earthly can dissipate, are the usual subjects of his work which, in its finished form and sculptural beauty, suffers no useless word. His poetry appears in exuberant colours and only rarely takes on the character of melodious music; but it is all the more plastic in the creation of forms suited to expressing feelings and ideas.

Noble, profoundly pensive, and turned toward sadness, his soul reveals itself in this poetry, tender yet not sentimental - a sorrowful analysis which inspires a melancholy sympathy in the reader. Through the charm of his exquisite diction and through his consummate art, Sully Prudhomme is one of the major poets of our time, and some of his poems are pearls of imperishable value. The Swedish Academy has been less attracted by his didactic or abstract poems than by his smaller lyric compositions, which are full of feeling and contemplation, and which charm by their nobility and dignity and by the extremely rare union of delicate reflection and rich sentiment. In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize one characteristic. Sully Prudhomme's work reveals an inquiring and observing mind which finds no rest in what passes and which, as it seems impossible to him to know more, finds evidence of man's supernatural destiny in the moral realm, in the voice of conscience, and in the lofty and undeniable prescriptions of duty. From this point of view, Sully Prudhomme represents better than most writers what the testator called «an idealistic tendency» in literature.

Thus the Academy believed it was acting in the spirit of Nobel's will when, for the first time it awarded the Prize, it gave its approval, among so many illustrious men of letters, to Sully Prudhomme. As the laureate has agreed to accept this distinction but is unfortunately prevented by illness from being in our midst today, I have the honour to ask the Minister of France to receive the Prize and to present it to him in the name of the Swedish Academy. At the banquet, C.D. af Wirsén addressed himself to the Minister of France and asked him to convey the homage intended for the French poet who has combined, to such a notable degree, the best qualities of the heart and the mind. Also, he asked the Minister to present to the French Academy greetings from her younger Swedish sister, who was proud to be able to send from the country of Tegnér and Geijer testimony of esteem to the country which had witnessed the births of Racine, Corneille, and Victor Hugo. The Minister of France, Mr. Marchand, answered in a lively and spirited speech.

From Nobel Lectures , Literature 1901-1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969 Sully Prudhomme, Writer • Biography & Facts Sully Prudhomme Writer René François Armand (Sully) Prudhomme (French: [syli pʀydɔm]; 16 March 1839 – 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist, and was the first ever winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1901.Born in Paris, Prudhomme originally studied to be an engineer, but turned to philosophy and later to poetry; he declared it as his intent to create scientific poetry for modern times. In character sincere and melancholic, he was linked to the Parnassus school, although, at the same time, his work displays characteristics of its own. Sully Prudhomme (Author of Poésies de Sully Prudhomme.

1866 - 1872) edit data René François Armand (Sully) Prudhomme 16 March 1839 – 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist, winner of the first Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1901. Born in Paris, Prudhomme originally studied to be an engineer, but turned to philosophy and later to poetry; he declared it as his intent to create scientific poetry for modern times. In character sincere and melancholic, he was linked to the Parnassus school, although, at the same time, his work displays characteristics of its own. Prudhomme attended the Lycée Bonaparte, but eye trouble interrupted his studies. He worked for a while in the Creusot region for the Schneider steel foundry, and then began studying law in a notary's office. The favourable reception of his early poems by t René François Armand (Sully) Prudhomme 16 March 1839 – 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist, winner of the first Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1901.

Born in Paris, Prudhomme originally studied to be an engineer, but turned to philosophy and later to poetry; he declared it as his intent to create scientific poetry for modern times. In character sincere and melancholic, he was linked to the Parnassus school, although, at the same time, his work displays characteristics of its own. Prudhomme attended the Lycée Bonaparte, but eye trouble interrupted his studies. He worked for a while in the Creusot region for the Schneider steel foundry, and then began studying law in a notary's office. The favourable reception of his early poems by the Conférence La Bruyère (a student society) encouraged him to begin a literary career. His first collection, Stances et Poèmes ("Stanzas and Poems", 1865), was praised by Sainte-Beuve. It included his most famous poem, Le vase brisé. He published more poetry before the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. This war, which he discussed in Impressions de la guerre (1872) and La France (1874), permanently damaged his health.

During his career, Prudhomme gradually shifted from the sentimental style of his first books towards a more personal style which unified the formality of the Parnassian school with his interest in philosophical and scientific subjects. The inspiration was clearly Lucretius's De rerum natura, for the first book of which he made a verse translation. His philosophy was expressed in La Justice (1878) and Le Bonheur (1888). The extreme economy of means employed in these poems has, however, usually been judged as compromising their poetical quality without advancing their claims as works of philosophy. He was elected to the Académie française in 1881. Another distinction, Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur, was to follow in 1895. After, Le Bonheur, Prudhomme turned from poetry to write essays on aesthetics and philosophy.

He published two important essays: L'Expression dans les beaux-arts (1884) and Réflexions sur l'art des vers (1892), a series of articles on Blaise Pascal in La Revue des Deux Mondes (1890), and an article on free will (La Psychologie du Libre-Arbitre, 1906) in the Revue de métaphysique et de morale. The first writer to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature (given "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect"), he devoted the bulk of the money he received to the creation of a poetry prize awarded by the Société des gens de lettres. He also founded, in 1902, the Société des poètes français with Jose-Maria de Heredia and Leon Dierx. At the end of his life, his poor health (which had troubled him ever since 1870) forced him to live almost as a recluse at Châtenay-Malabry, suffering attacks of paralysis while continuing to work on essays.

He died suddenly on 6 September 1907, and was buried at Père-Lachaise in Paris. ...more A List of Nobel Prize Winners in Literature graphic novels Updated September 09, 2016. When Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel died in 1896, he provided for five prizes in his will, including the Nobel Prize in Literature. The honor goes to writers who've produced "the most outstanding work in an ideal direction." Nobel's family, however, fought the provisions in the will, so five years would go by before the awards first went out. With this list, discover the writers who've lived up to Nobel's ideals every year from 1901 to the present. 1. 1901 - Sully Prudhomme (1837-1907) French writer. Original name Rene Francois Armand Prudhomme. Sully Prudhomme won the first Nobel Prize for Literature in 1901 "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect." 2.

1902 - Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (1817-1903) German-Nordic writer. Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen was referred to as "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome" when he received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902. 3. 1903 - Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson (1832-1910) Norwegian writer. Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1903 "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit." 4. 1904 - Frédéric Mistral (1830-1914) & José Echegaray Y Eizaguirre (1832-1916) French writer. Besides many short poems, Frédéric Mistral wrote four verse romances. He also published a Provençal dictionary and wrote memoirs.

He received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature: "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist." Spanish writer. José Echegaray Y Eizaguirre received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama." 5. 1905 - Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846-1916) Polish writer. Henryk Sienkiewicz was awarded the 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer." Probably his most widely translated work is Quo Vadis? (1896), a study of Roman society in the time of the Emperor Nero. 6. 1906 Giosuè Carducci (1835-1907) Italian writer.

Professor of literature at the University of Bologna from 1860 to 1904, Giosuè Carducci was a scholar, editor, orator, critic and patriot. He was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in literature "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces." 7. 1907 - Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) British writer. Rudyard Kipling wrote novels, poems and short stories--mostly set in India and Burma (now known as Myanmar). He was the 1907 Nobel Prize Laureate in Literature "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author." 8. 1908 - Rudolf Christoph Eucken (1846-1926) German writer.

Rudolf Christoph Eucken received the 1908 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life." 9. 1909 - Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (1858-1940) Swedish writer. Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf turned away from literary realism and wrote in a romantic and imaginative manner, vividly evoking the peasant life and landscape of Northern Sweden. She received the 1909 Nobel Prize in Literature "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings." 10. 1910 - Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse (1830-1914) German writer. Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse was a German novelist, poet, and dramatist.

He received the 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories." Prev Sully Prudhomme Sully Prudhomme Sully Prudhomme (1839 - 1907) French poet who was a leading member of the Parnassian movement, which sought to restore elegance, balance, and aesthetic standards to poetry, in reaction to the excesses of Romanticism. He was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Literature in 1901. Prudhomme studied science at school but was forced by an eye illness to renounce a scientific career. His first job was as a clerk in a factory office, which he left in 1860 to study law. In 1865 he began to publish fluent and melancholic verse inspired by an unhappy love affair. Stances et poemes (1865) contains his best known poem, Le vase brise ("The Broken Vase").

Les Epreuves (1866; "Trials"), and Les Solitudes (1869; "Solitude") are also written in this first, sentimental style. Prudhomme later renounced personal lyricism for the more objective approach of the Parnassians, writing poems attempting to represent philosophical concepts in verse. Two of the best known works in this vein are La Justice (1878; "Justice") and Le Bonheur (1888; "Happiness"), the latter an exploration of the Faustian search for love and knowledge. Prudhomme's later work is sometimes obscure and shows a naive approach to the problem of expressing philosophical themes in verse. He was elected to the French Academy in 1881. Main Page | About Us | All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. Timeline of Nobel Prize Winners is not affiliated with The Nobel Foundation. External sites are not endorsed or supported by Copyright © 2003 All Rights Reserved.

Doris Lessing Wins Nobel Prize in Literature Doris Lessing Wins Nobel Prize in Literature By Dermot McEvoy | Oct 11, 2007 British writer Doris Lessing, 87, has won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Swedish Academy announced Thursday. The Academy cited her as "that epicist of the female experience, who with skepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny." Her debut novel was The Grass Is Singing in 1950. Golden Notebook, according to the Academy, was her breakthrough novel in 1962. She has also written The Summer Before Dark in 1973, The Fifth Child in 1988 along with the semiautobiographical "Children of Violence" series, which is set largely in Africa. Each Nobel Prize is worth $1.5 million and will be presented by Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf at a ceremony in Stockholm on December 10. The first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French poet and philosopher Sully Prudhomme in 1901. Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk was the 2006 winner.

ADVERTISEMENT Free newsletter: the hottest new books, features and more X To subscribe, click here . PW “All Access” site license members have access to PW’s subscriber-only website content. Simply close and relaunch your preferred browser to log-in. To find out more about PW’s site license subscription options please email: pw@pubservice.com . If you have questions or need assistance setting up your account please email pw@pubservice.com or call 1-800-278-2991 (U.S.) or 1-818-487-2069 (all other countries), Monday-Friday between 5am and 5pm Pacific time for assistance. Thank you for visiting Publishers Weekly. There are 3 possible reasons you were unable to login and get access our premium online pages. You are NOT a current subscriber to Publishers Weekly magazine. To get immediate access to all of our Premium Digital Content try a monthly subscription for as little as $18.95 per month. You may cancel at any time with no questions asked. Click here for details about Publishers Weekly’s monthly subscription plans. You are a subscriber but you have not yet set up your account for premium online access.

Add your preferred email address and password to your account. You forgot your password and you need to retrieve it. Click here to access the password we have on file for you. Customer Service Sully Prudhomme - Facts Sully Prudhomme The Nobel Prize in Literature 1901 Sully Prudhomme (pen-name of René François Armand Prudhomme) Born: 16 March 1839, Paris, France Died: 7 September 1907, Châtenay, France Residence at the time of the award: France Prize motivation: "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect" Field: poetry Prize share: 1/1 Life Sully Prudhomme was born in Paris. After an eye disease forced him to discontinue engineering studies, he supported himself for a while as a lawyer. He had already begun writing poetry as a student, and his debut came in 1865. In time he became a respected poet, particularly through induction into the French Academy in 1881.

As time passed, his health declined and he lived alone in his home in the southern suburbs of Paris, where he died in 1907. Sully Prudhomme used the money from his Nobel Prize to establish a fund for publishing young French poets. Work Sully Prudhomme belonged to the French Parnassian school, a group of poets that, in the tradition of Théophile Gauthier, wanted to write in a classic and formally elegant style. The movement got its name from La Parnasse Contemporain anthology. Sully Prudhomme's poetry combined a Parnassian regard for formal perfection with an interest in science and philosophy. According to the Swedish Academy, his elevated poetry fit in Alfred Nobel's formulation about works in an ideal direction Share this: PRUDHOMME SULLY: (1839-1907) French Poet, the first ever winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, Buyers Information: Buyers Premium 27% including VAT Lots purchased online with the-saleroom.com will attract an additional charge for this service in the sum of 3% of the hammer price plus VAT at the rate imposed.

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Postage is subject to VAT at 20% within the EU 7.4. The Auctioneers will provide full customs declarations on the Hammer Price plus the Purchaser's premium and Purchaser's shall be responsible for any customs charges made by the country of import. 7.5. A charge will be made for the packing of deliveries which is subject to VAT at 20% within the EU. 8. Auctioneers Remedies In the event that the Purchaser fails to pay for any lot(s) in full pursuant to these Conditions then the Auctioneers shall be entitled: 8.1. to rescind the sale of the relevant lot(s) 8.2. to resell the lot(s) without further notice either by public or private sale and the deficiency (if any) arising from such second sale together with all charges and expenses relating to the same shall be the responsibility of the defaulting Purchaser and shall be recoverable as and for liquidated damages. 9. Jurisdiction These Conditions shall be governed by English law and the parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts. Online Bidding International Autograph Auctions Ltd.

offer an online bidding service for bidders who cannot attend the sale, however please be advised that a charge of 3% + VAT is chargeable on all purchases made through any of the online bidding facilities offered. In completing the bidder registration and providing your credit card details and unless alternative arrangements are agreed with International Autograph Auctions Ltd. you 1. authorise International Autograph Auctions Ltd., if they so wish, to charge the credit card given in part or full payment, including all fees, for items successfully purchased in the auction, and 2. confirm that you are authorised to provide these credit card details to International Autograph Auctions Ltd. and agree that International Autograph Auctions Ltd. are entitled to ship the goods to the card holder name and card holder address provided in fulfillment of the sale. 3. confirm that you accept that an additional charge of 3% + VAT will be applied to your invoice for use of an online bidding facility Description Auction Details Shipping T&Cs & Important Info PRUDHOMME SULLY: (1839-1907) French Poet, the first ever winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, 1901.

A.L.S., Sully Prudhomme, one page (written to the right side of the 4to integral leaf of a letter to Prudhomme, effectively 8vo), Paris, 29th January 1892, to a gentleman, in French. Prudhomme states that he has just received a letter from the Director of the Postal and Telegraphic Service (the letter on which the poet is writing his own letter) and stating 'My request has not been as successful as expected, far from it, but Mr. de Tebus showed me enough good will for me to send him my thanks on behalf of the people collaborating to the Revue generale des sciences'. In a postscript Prudhomme informs his correspondent that he will be leaving for a six week trip to the south of France in a few days 'but I will leave to my colleagues the required amount for the subscription to the Review so that this amount may be remitted to the person who will certainly come to collect it'.

The letter to Prudhomme from the Director of the Postal and Telegraphic Service is dated Paris, 25th January 1892, and informs the poet that the small size of available credit within his administration does not even allow him to subscribe to the departmental library subscriptions for publications dealing especially with the telegraphic questions. A couple of very small file holes to the upper edge of Prudhomme's letter, only very slightly affecting the date but not the text or signature, otherwise VG Autograph Auction United Kingdom Other delivery options available from the auctioneer: Lots will only be released once payment in full has been received from the Purchaser. All lots are normally held at the sole risk of the Purchaser from the fall of the hammer. However, with effect from the 1st December 2013, the Auctioneer will indemnify the Purchaser against loss or damage to purchased lots from the fall of the hammer to the point of despatch at no extra charge to the Purchaser. Following receipt of payment lots will be despatched , at the Purchaser’s cost, by the most expedient means of transit (or in accordance with the purchaser’s written or emailed instructions).

With effect from the 1st December 2013 all shipments will be covered for the full value of the goods (including Purchaser’s premium but excluding import taxes) in the event of loss or damage. The charges for this service, which are as follows, will be added to the Purchaser’s invoice prior to shipment. In the event that the Purchaser has either made alternative insurance arrangements or does not require to take advantage of the Auctioneer’s scheme, written (or emailed) instructions to that effect must be received prior to the goods leaving the Auctioneer’s premises. Scale of Charges: P – Poor VR - Varying condition. Items being described as matted or framed and glazed have not been inspected out of their frames and the condition is only given on the appearance of the piece as viewed in the frame. Shipping: IAA Auctions are happy to organise the package and despatch of items purchased online, by phone or commission bid. Packing is carried out in house by an experienced team. They are happy to quote prior to bidding on specific lots, please call or email. Most items are sent Royal Mail Special Delivery. They also use Parcel Force (24/48 and Worldwide Service).

They can also arrange for items to be sent via Federal Express at a clients request. Terms & Conditions

Question: French writer Sully Prudhomme was the first winner of what prize in 1901?
Answer: Nobel Prize for Literature