IBM100 - The Making of International Business Machines IBM100 Choose your Country and Language: Overview Transforming the World Cultural Impacts The Team In Their Words The name International Business Machines was proven successful as a moniker in Canada for seven years prior to becoming the official name of the entire fast-growing international company. When Thomas Watson Sr. changed the name, he oversaw the creation of IBM’s first corporate logo. Thus began the evolution of IBM’s brand identity that culminated in Paul Rand’s iconic “8-bar logo,” which remains to this day one of the world’s most recognized corporate marks. “I got the idea for the [stripes] by projecting the notion of a document that you signed that uses a series of thin parallel lines to protect the signature against counterfeiting. And I thought, ‘Well, if that’s the symbol of that kind of authority, then why don’t I make the letters into stripes or into a series of lines.’” Paul Rand The IBM brand identity: a brief history The IBM logo, along with the business it signified, transformed through its initial decades. The gallery below illustrates its journey.

The evolution of IBM The original IBM “Globe” logo The name change in 1924 required a new corporate logo. Watson Sr. chose a more contemporary sans-serif type versus the ornate, rococo letters that formed the previous “C-T-R” logo. The words “Business Machines” were intended to suggest a globe, girdled by the word “International.” Simplified logo for serious business Twenty-two years later, IBM borrowed on its brand equity to help carry it through a difficult transition from the punched-card tabulating business to computers. The new logo first appeared on the masthead of the January 1, 1947 issue of Business Machines with surprisingly little fanfare. The familiar globe was replaced with the simple letters "IBM" in a typeface called Beton Bold. Further refinement Shortly before he passed away, Thomas J. Watson Sr. presided over the official installation of his son Thomas Watson Jr. as IBM's chief executive. Watson Jr. quickly displayed a desire to signify a new era. The first visible expression was a shift in the company's logotype.

Created by noted graphic designer Paul Rand in 1956, the new logotype replaced the former Beton Bold typeface with City Medium, and the letters "IBM" took on a more solid, grounded and balanced appearance. Note the square counters of the “B,” designed to aid in visual recall. The introduction of the “bars” In 1972, the company introduced a new logotype, with two versions. Designed by Paul Rand, horizontal stripes now replaced the solid letters to suggest "speed and dynamism." The 13-bar version, pictured here, was designed for formal documents, such as legal contracts and certificates. Variables such as printing presses as well as requirements for embossing, die-cutting and engraving determined whether the 13-bar or the 8-bar logo should be used. The following logo shows the preferred 8-bar version. The iconic 8-bar logo For nearly 40 years, this basic, clean design—often simply referred to as the “8-bar logo”—has remained constant, becoming one of the most recognized, widely imitated marks in the world.

Songs of the IBM With a fresh new name and renewed sense of purpose, IBM enjoyed a surge of corporate pride in the 1920s that lasted throughout its subsequent decades of growth. A musical tradition, dating back to one of its predecessor companies, International Time Recording Company, was reinvigorated, with the publication of the Songs of the IBM song book in 1927. IBM: A Musical Chronology International is Our Name Sung to the tune of “Marching Through Georgia,” this song illustrates the rationale, purpose and passion behind the corporation’s new name. Ever Onward The most famous of the Songs of the IBM, the IBM Rally song “Ever Onward” was commissioned by Thomas Watson Sr. to be written to accompany the tune of Hammerstein and Romberg’s “Stouthearted Men.” It is remembered by many IBMers to this day. IBM Ever Onward – A Preview of Revolution This video features archival clips of IBMers singing IBM’s songs, including “Ever Onward,” and shares thoughts on the critical influence Thomas J. Watson Sr. had on IBM’s sales and business culture around the world.

“Big Blue” How did IBM get its distinctive nickname, “Big Blue?” While the name came about organically, with no known single source, the first official reference in print to IBM as "Big Blue" was in BusinessWeek magazine: “No company in the computer business inspires the loyalty that IBM does, and the company has accomplished this with its almost legendary customer service and support … As a result, it is not uncommon for customers to refuse to buy equipment not made by IBM, even though it is often cheaper. ‘I don't want to be saying I should have stuck with the “Big Blue,”’ says one IBM loyalist. ‘The nickname comes from the pervasiveness of IBM's blue computers.’” “No. 1’s Awesome Strategy” BusinessWeek What is IBM (International Business Machines) ? - Definition from WhatIs.com IBM (International Business Machines) ranks among the world's largest information technology companies, providing a wide spectrum of hardware, software and services offerings. Download this free guide Could Securing Your Channel Business Be Easier? We Can Help.

Download our latest guide to the top strategies solution providers can leverage for starting up and securing a cloud practice, successful approaches to selling and marketing cloud, and why it is urgent for partners to transition now. Start Download You forgot to provide an Email Address. This email address doesn’t appear to be valid. This email address is already registered. Please login . You have exceeded the maximum character limit. Please provide a Corporate E-mail Address. By submitting my Email address I confirm that I have read and accepted the Terms of Use and Declaration of Consent. By submitting your personal information, you agree that TechTarget and its partners may contact you regarding relevant content, products and special offers. You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy . IBM, frequently referred to as "Big Blue," got its start in hardware and prospered in that business for decades, becoming the top supplier of mainframe computers . Over the years, the company shifted its focus from hardware to software and services. By the 2010s, IBM further modified its business mix to emphasize such fields as cloud-based services and cognitive computing .

IBM Watson, a cognitive system, has become the company's high-visibility offering in the latter technology segment. IBM, while still a major IT player, has lost the dominance it enjoyed during the mainframe era. The company, as of October 2016, had seen 18 consecutive quarters of revenue declines amid its transition into new technologies and lines of business. IBM had a 2015 revenue of $81.7 billion compared with $106.9 billion in 2011. History of IBM In its early years, IBM was widely associated with the punched card, invented by Herman Hollerith . Hollerith was part of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording (CTR) Company, when, in 1914, Thomas J. Watson joined the company as general manager. The CTR Company itself had been formed from three companies that sold grocery store scales, time recording devices and tabulators. Over the next few decades, Watson built the business machine company of the future, now known as International Business Machines. In 1964, IBM introduced what was to become the de facto standard for large company business computers with its System/360.

Orders for the mainframe computer line outpaced sales forecasts, and IBM received more than 1,000 orders within four weeks of the product's announcement, according to the company. The System/360 ran the OS/360 operating system (OS), but a successor OS, Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) became particularly influential. MVS, which debuted in 1974, has been at the center of IBM's mainframe OS technology for more than 40 years. The OS for IBM's current-generation z Systems mainframes, z/OS , can trace its lineage to MVS. Over the decades, IBM has aimed to maintain forward-compatibility as its mainframe OSes have evolved. The popularity of System/360 and the subsequent mainframe models gave IBM an enduring market advantage, but the company faced a number of rivals in the mainframe space. Amdahl Corp., founded in 1970 by former IBM engineer Gene Amdahl, also emerged as a mainframe supplier. In addition, the so-called "BUNCH" companies -- Burroughs Corp., UNIVAC, NCR Corp., Control Data Corp. and Honeywell -- were active in the mainframe sector.

IBM also faced the challenge of minicomputers , or midrange systems, which were less expensive than mainframes and were targeted toward smaller businesses or departments within large enterprises. Digital Equipment Corp. and its Programmed Data Processor product line took off in the 1960s, as well. IBM's midrange response, the System/3, launched in 1969. That hardware platform eventually begat a series of IBM midrange systems including the System/34, System/36, System/38 and the AS/400 . However, IBM was in for additional technology changes. By the early 1970s, the punched card was gradually being replaced by the interactive display terminal, and especially by the IBM 3270 . Personal computing began to hit its stride with the arrival of the Apple II in 1977, along with similarly oriented machines from Commodore International and Tandy Corp. In 1981, Big Blue went small with the launch of the IBM Personal Computer . The IBM PC architecture soon became the standard for business use, and numerous vendors, including Compaq, soon entered the market with IBM-compatible PCs, also known as PC clones .

IBM's selection of Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) as the IBM PC's OS , and its subsequent adoption by IBM PC-compatible vendors, led to the dominance of Microsoft in the PC software market. In the late 1980s, IBM added another hardware platform to its product mix: Unix workstations. IBM's RT system, eventually supplanted by the RS/6000, was the company's entry into the market, running IBM's AIX implementation of Unix. As the 1990s dawned, IBM's core platforms included AIX, OS/2 (the company's attempt to distinguish itself from PC clone makers), MVS and OS/400. While industry watchers questioned IBM's disparate platform strategy, IBM took steps to restructure its operations, granting more autonomy to its various product divisions in a bid to improve time to market. The restructuring program, under IBM CEO and chairman John Akers, hit the wall, however. The company announced a $5 billion loss for calendar year 1992. The loss was attributed, in part, to the restructuring initiative's costs, which included early retirements and the shuttering of production lines.

Amid the financial struggle, IBM began its push into IT services. The company captured a watershed data center outsourcing contract with Eastman Kodak Co. in 1989. Two years later, IBM Global Services was launched as the focal point of Big Blue's IT services business. IT outsourcing became an important element of IBM's services enterprise, as did management consulting. IBM cemented its role in the latter service with its $3.5 billion acquisition of PricewaterhouseCooper's management consulting arm, PwC Consulting, in 2002. As it happens, IBM tapped the management consulting ranks to run the company, hiring Louis Gerstner, a former McKinsey & Co. consultant and chairman of RJR Nabisco, to become IBM CEO in 1993. Under Gerstner, IBM continued its service push in addition to expanding its role in software. In 1995, IBM acquired Lotus Development Corp., and then merged with Tivoli Systems Inc. the following year. Former IBM CEO discusses the platform enterprise. While software and services grew in importance, IBM looked to shed some of its hardware operations.

In 2005, under IBM CEO Sam Palmisano, who had earlier led IBM Global Services, the company sold its PC division to Lenovo Group. The PC division included the ThinkPad line of notebook computers. At the time, the companies inked a strategic alliance in which IBM became Lenovo's preferred services provider. Nearly a decade later, IBM sold another hardware business to Lenovo: Big Blue's x86 servers. In the 2010s, IBM began recasting itself as a cognitive solutions and cloud computing platform company. Ginni Rometty, appointed IBM CEO in 2011, emphasized a core group of strategic imperatives for IBM: analytics, cloud, mobility and security. IBM products and services Server hardware Five decades since the launch of the IBM System/360, the company continues to sell mainframe-class computers. IBM positions its z Systems product line as enterprise infrastructure for its customers' cognitive business. IBM targets a range of solutions for its z Series products including analytics, blockchain , cloud and DevOps . Meanwhile, the company aims its Power Systems enterprise servers toward big data and analytics applications. Power Systems run IBM's AIX and IBM i OSes as well as Linux.

In another nod to open source, IBM introduced its LinuxONE system as a hardware platform. Storage On the hardware side, IBM offers products including its FlashSystem all-flash arrays, Storwize systems and other hybrid arrays, Fibre Channel storage-area network hardware, storage media, and tape products. The company is making a push into software-defined storage with its Spectrum Storage suite and Cleversafe object storage technology. Software IBM's varied software line includes analytics offerings such as IBM Cognos Analytics, IBM SPSS, IBM Maximo Asset Management and DB2 . Many of IBM's products in this field came through acquisition: The company purchased Maximo in 2006, Cognos in 2008 and SPSS in 2009. IBM also provides IT infrastructure software including its WebSphere Application Server and MQ messaging middleware. The company's software lineup in the mobile and social space includes the IBM Verse business email offering and the IBM Notes collaboration product. In addition, IBM's security software includes MaaS360 for mobile device security and IBM QRadar Security Intelligence Platform, a security information and event management product.

IBM customers may acquire software licenses through Passport Advantage, the company's licensing program for larger enterprises, or Passport Advantage Express, a program designed for medium-sized businesses. Fix Central, meanwhile, is an element of IBM support that provides fixes and updates for IBM customers' software and operating systems. Fix Central provides hardware support, as well. Services IBM's service units include Global Business Services, which houses Big Blue's management consulting operations, and Global Technology Services, which provides mobility, networking, business continuity and outsourcing, among other services. Like other large IT services providers, in recent years, IBM has moved to purchase companies offering cloud consulting and implementation services. In 2016, for example, IBM purchased Bluewolf, a Salesforce channel partner and cloud consultant. Bluewolf was folded into IBM's Interactive Experience practice, which is part of Global Business Services. In 2015, IBM acquired Meteorix LLC, a Workday services partner. Cloud IBM's SmartCloud software and services offering got off the ground in 2011. That move was followed in 2013 by IBM's acquisition of SoftLayer Technologies Inc., an infrastructure as a service provider. Following that deal, SmartCloud and SoftLayer were grouped together in a cloud services division.

Since then, however, IBM has coalesced its cloud services offerings around its Bluemix platform as a service offering. As of fall 2016, Bluemix had incorporated SoftLayer cloud products and services into a broader portfolio of infrastructure, platform and application services. IBM's more integrated cloud offering competes against such rivals as Amazon Web Services, Google and Microsoft. Cognitive offerings The IBM Watson supercomputer , which pulls together artificial intelligence and analytical software, is the company's flagship cognitive computing offering. A number of technologies and discrete products have spun out of IBM's cognitive computing system and its related research. Customers, for example, can use Watson APIs to embed cognitive computing components into their applications. IBM also offers products with built-in cognitive capabilities. Those offerings include the IBM Watson Internet of Things Platform and IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media. IBM has looked to leverage its cloud technology as it rolls out Watson-related products. Watson APIs, for example, are available via Bluemix. Research and development Thomas J. Watson Jr., who succeeded his father as IBM CEO in 1956, put the company on a research and development track.

Big Blue's research center, launched in 1961, encompasses research labs in Yorktown Heights, N.Y. and Cambridge, Mass., as well as an industry solution lab in Hawthorne, N.Y. Notable developments out of IBM's research center include the invention of dynamic random access memory and the Fortran language. More recent research endeavors include blockchain, quantum computing and cognitive technology. IBM also invests heavily in semiconductor research as it investigates chips to support cloud computing and big data systems. But while Big Blue conducts research on silicon, the company exited the microelectronics manufacturing business in 2015, selling that operation to GLOBALFOUNDRIES. This was last updated in November 2016 Continue Reading About IBM (International Business Machines) IBM Stock Quote - International Business Machines Corp. Stock Price Today (IBM:NYSE) - MarketWatch 4:22 p.m. Jan. 19, 2017 - Jeremy C. Owens 1:47 p.m. Jan. 19, 2017 - Jennifer Booton 9:38 a.m. Jan. 19, 2017 - Barbara Kollmeyer 7:27 a.m. Jan.

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16, 2017 - PR Newswire - PRF 9:00 a.m. Jan. 16, 2017 - PR Newswire - PRF 8:35 a.m. Jan. 16, 2017 - PR Newswire - PRF 5:01 a.m. Jan. 16, 2017 - PRWeb IBM100 - IBM Is Founded IBM100 Choose your Country and Language: IBM Is Founded In the century since its beginnings, IBM has transformed industry and society with innovations that make the world work better. Travel with us through history in a celebration of the people and ideas that have powered one hundred years of progress. IBM’s 100 Icons of Progress Thomas Watson Sr. “It is the policy of this company never to be satisfied with what we have and always to anticipate the demands of the future.” This quote captures the vision of Thomas Watson Sr. who forged the disparate pieces of C-T-R into a strong, unified company that became International Business Machines.

Charles Flint “I had the leisure to turn to a field which has since interested me more than any other one—that is, the consolidation of corporations, the forming of what used to be known as ‘trusts.’ I have been called ‘the father of trusts,’ although sometimes I think I have been more nearly in the relation of godfather.” The making of C-T-R C: The Computing Scale Company In 1891, Edward Canby and Orange O. Ozias, two businessmen from Dayton, Ohio, purchased patents for the newly invented computing scale and created the Computing Scale Company for the production of commercial scales. T: The Tabulating Machine Company Drawing on his experience at the US Census Bureau from 1879 to 1882, Herman Hollerith applied for his first series of tabulating machine technology patents in 1884. In 1886, Hollerith developed the punched card to standardize the machines’ data input. The inventions were intended to reduce the time and complexity of tabulating the 1890 US Census. R: The International Time Recording Company The International Time Recording Company (ITR) began as the Bundy Manufacturing Company in Auburn, New York.

ITR’s main product line was mechanical time recorders invented and patented by Willard L. Bundy. C-T-R is born In 1911, financier Flint directed the merger of the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Tabulating Machine Company to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R). In 1914, Thomas J. Watson Sr. was named general manager of C-T-R. Watson emphasized research and engineering. C-T-R is renamed IBM In 1924, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company adopted the name International Business Machines Corporation. The ornate “C-T-R” logo was replaced by the words “Business Machines” in more modern sans-serif type, shaped in a sphere to resemble a globe, encircled by the word “International.” The Making of IBM The story doesn't stop here. Visit The Making of International Business Machines Icon of Progress to learn more. The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, the precursor to IBM, was founded on June 16, 1911. At its beginning, it was a merger of three manufacturing businesses, a product of the times orchestrated by the financier, Charles Flint.

From these humble beginnings sprang the company that Thomas Watson Sr. would mold into a global force in technology, management and culture. In 1911, biplanes dotted the air and Ford Model Ts appeared in the streets. Forward-thinking people wired their homes for electricity and installed their first telephones. In a Belfast shipyard, workers were finishing the hull of the biggest passenger ship ever, the Titanic. The booming US economy was creating a new hunger for information. There was a need to keep track, to understand and to inform. Into that milieu stepped financier Charles Ranlett Flint. He worked out of an office on Broad Street, just off New York’s Wall Street, and invested in shipbuilding, munitions, rubber, starch and the production of caramel. By the early 1900s, Flint had become friends with Theodore Roosevelt, William McKinley, Orville Wright, Andrew Carnegie and other giants of politics and business. Starting in 1900, Flint attempted to build a number of trusts by merging several small companies to create one dominant player. One of these trusts was in time clocks—the kind factory workers would punch on the way in and out of work. The clocks helped employers keep track of hours worked and hourly wages.

Flint took a number of companies that made recording time clocks, including the time recording business of Bundy Manufacturing in Binghamton, NY, rolled all the companies into one and called it International Time Recording Co. (ITR). Early International Time Recording Company products The first Dial Recorder, 1888. Model time clocks in ITR service office, 1925. Employees punching in on ITR dial recorders, 1926. The 1914 lineup of time recording products from ITR. Employees of Mexico’s Power and Light Co. clock in on ITR time clocks. Around the same time, Flint rolled up several companies that made computing scales, which weighed items and added up the cost of whatever was placed on the scale. One of the largest of those companies was the Dayton Scale Company of Dayton, Ohio. Flint rolled all the companies into the Computing Scale Company of America, and made Dayton the trust’s headquarters. Early Computing Scale Company products A Dayton meat slicer. Scales in a Mexico butcher shop, 1928. A Dayton computing cheese cutter. A Dayton candy scale. The Dayton scale assembly plant, 1918.

Through the early 1900s, ITR grew modestly and Computing Scale struggled. Flint, searching for a way to help the companies, realized that both were, at their core, about collecting, quantifying and analyzing information—a mission that would actually be the mainstay of the company through the next century. He was also at the time becoming interested in another information-based company, Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine Co., based in Washington, DC. Hollerith had built the tabulating machine to count the 1890 US Census. It sorted and counted information recorded by punching holes in cards, and Hollerith had begun selling the machines to governments, railroad companies and retailers. In 1911, Flint bought out Hollerith, and then merged the Tabulating Machine Co. with Computing Scale, ITR and what remained of the Bundy Manufacturing Co. The new information-based entity was named the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, or C-T-R. Headquarters moved to New York, and the company operated factories in Endicott, NY, Dayton, Ohio and a few other cities. Very quickly, Hollerith’s tabulator emerged as the most promising technology in C-T-R’s catalog.

Before the merger, the machines had been used to conduct population censuses in a variety of countries, including Austria, Canada, Denmark and Russia. Not only could the machines count faster, but they could understand information in new ways. In a census, for instance, a single card, about three inches by seven inches, could be punched with holes that form an information portrait of a person—city of residence, age, nationality, job and more. Hollerith’s contraptions were able to sort through millions of cards and count how many teachers lived in Chicago, Illinois, or count any other subset of the population. Society could learn things it never knew it could learn, and at speeds no one thought possible. Businesses quickly realized that the portraits on those cards didn’t have to be citizens, but of a product a company sells, or a freight car on a rail line, or an insurance customer. Early adopters of the electric tabulation method included the freight office of the New York Central Railroad and the Eastman Kodak Company, which used a tabulating machine to keep track of customers and salesmen. Despite the progress the tabulating machine line was making, as a whole C-T-R stalled in its first years after the merger.

So, in 1914, Flint hired Thomas Watson Sr. to run the company. It turned out to be an inspired move. Over the following decade, Watson forged the disparate pieces of C-T-R into a unified company with a strong culture. He focused resources on the tabulating machine business, foreseeing that information technology had an ever-expanding future and literally creating the information industry. Watson also began expanding overseas—beyond the UK, Canada and Germany where its products were already sold—taking tiny C-T-R global. By 1924, he renamed C-T-R with the more expansive name of International Business Machines. The computing scale and time clock businesses fell away. IBM grew to become the most significant player in every stage of the evolution of information technology over the 100 years after it was first formed. C-T-R in the Watson Sr. era The Endicott, NY, toolmakers group, circa 1917. A sampling of C-T-R’s 1920 product display. Note: “The more it costs to do business, the less you can tolerate waste.” Share No. 00000 of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company capital stock.

A 1924 storefront marks the “Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, Manufacturers of International Business Machines.” Thomas J. Watson Sr.’s February 13, 1924, letter explaining C-T-R’s new name—International Business Machines Corporation. In 1911, C-T-R had US$800,000 in net income. In 2010, IBM’s net income was US$14.8 billion. One IBM share in 1915, adjusted for all splits and stock dividends, would be equal to 11,880 shares today. Through the years, the company has changed ideas about how corporations should operate, and contributed cultural touchstones such as the THINK signs, punched cards, the IBM ® Selectric typewriter, the IBM PC and the Watson computer that won the Jeopardy! TV game show in 2011. It has been a rich and historic century.

Words from Charles Flint “I had the leisure to turn to a field which has since interested me more than any other one—that is, the consolidation of corporations, the forming of what used to be known as ‘trusts.’ I have been called ‘the father of trusts,’ although sometimes I think I have been more nearly in the relation of godfather.” Charles R. Flint Selected team members who contributed to this Icon of Progress: Thomas J. Watson Sr. After a modest rural childhood near Ithaca, New York, Thomas J. Watson got his start in business in sales. He worked first for himself—as a traveling peddler—and later at the National Cash Register Company (NCR) in Dayton, Ohio, where he was a sales manager and ascended into the executive ranks over a decade-plus tenure. From NCR, Watson became general manager of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R), moving with his young family to New York City in May 1914 to lead C-T-R, whose name he would change to International Business Machines a decade later. As IBM’s founding chairman, Watson built a powerful tabulating machine business that became a business icon.

Credited with defining IBM’s distinctive management style and creating its corporate culture, Watson also became the nation’s foremost celebrity businessman. His coining of the “THINK” motto solidified his lifelong success as a salesman and marketer. Watson brought explosive growth to IBM: At the time of his death in 1956, IBM boasted nearly US$900 million in annual revenues—one hundred times C-T-R’s annual revenues when Watson took charge of the company in 1914. Charles Flint Charles Ranlett Flint was born in 1850 in Thomaston, Maine. The ambitious Flint showed early signs of promise when at age 21 he became partner at a New York ships’ supplies firm. The next year, Flint reached even further to a partnership at the international shipping firm W. R. Grace and Co. Over the course of his business life, Flint formed numerous relationships with diplomats, politicians and industrial visionaries, and became a trusted voice on international affairs.

He served, at separate times, as consul at New York for Chile, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and was appointed a delegate to the International American Conference (1889-90) in Washington where he proposed the creation of an international bank for the promotion of foreign trade. Flint formed some 21 industrial consolidations or mergers in his time, including C-T-R—the precursor to IBM—where he hired Thomas Watson Sr. Such a prolific business career earned him the moniker “The Father of Trusts.” He retired from business affairs in 1931. Herman Hollerith Herman Hollerith was born in Buffalo, New York, on February 29, 1860. He dropped out of grade school at a young age but studied under a private tutor until he could apply to Columbia College. He was admitted at the age of 16 and graduated three years later as a mining engineer. Hollerith went on to join the US Census Office in 1879, and quickly saw the need for faster, more efficient tabulation of census data. In 1884, he filed his first patents, and began manufacturing his statistics tabulating machines in Baltimore in 1887.

His machines counted the 1890 census and results were available two years earlier than the 1880 census. The entire process cost an estimated US$5 million less than manual tabulation. In 1911, Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine Company merged with two other companies under the auspices of Charles Flint to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, or C-T-R. Hollerith enjoyed smoking good cigars, drinking fine wine and raising Guernsey cows. IBM History - Profile of a Computer Manufacturing Giant IBM History Profile of a Computer Manufacturing Giant IBM History - Samuel Palmisano, Current President and CEO. Getty Images By Mary Bellis Updated August 06, 2016. IBM or International Business Machines is a well known known American computer manufacturer, founded by Thomas J. Watson (born 1874-02-17). IBM is also known as "Big Blue" after the color of its logo. The company has made everything from mainframes to personal computers and has been immensely successful selling business computers.

IBM History - The Beginning On June 16, 1911, three successful 19th century companies decided to merge, marking the beginnings of IBM history . The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale Company of America joined together to incorporate and form one company, the Computing Tabulating Recording Company. In 1914, Thomas J. Watson Senior joined CTR as CEO and held that title for the next twenty years, turning the company into the multi-national entity. In 1924, Watson changed the company’s name to International Business Machines Corporation or IBM. From the beginning, IBM defined itself not by selling products, which ranged from commercial scales to punch card tabulators, but by its research and development. continue reading below our video 5 Ways to Improve Your Credit Score Learn More Timeline IBM History & Technological Achievements IBM History - Business Computers IBM began designing and manufacturing calculators in the 1930s, using the technology of their own punch card processing equipment. In 1944, IBM together with Harvard University financed the invention of the Mark 1 computer , the first machine to compute long calculations automatically.

By 1953, IBM was ready to completely produce their own computers, which began with the IBM 701 EDPM , their first commercially successful general-purpose computer. And the 701 was just the beginning. Learn More IBM Business Computers 701 & Beyond IBM History - Personal Computers In July 1980, Microsoft's Bill Gates agreed to create an operating system for IBM's new computer for the home consumer, which IBM released on August 12 1981. The first IBM PC ran on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor. IBM had now stepped into the home consumer market, sparking the computer revolution. Learn More IBM PC Outstanding IBM Electrical Engineers David Bradley joined IBM immediately upon graduation. In September 1980, David Bradley became one of the "original 12" engineers working on the IBM Personal Computer and was responsible for the ROM BIOS code.

IBM Copyright and trademark information - United States Other IBM company attributions IBM trademarks A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z , Numeric , Logos and design marks Trademarks owned by IBM This is a current listing of United States trademarks owned by International Business Machines Corporation ("IBM") and might also be trademarks or registered trademarks in other countries. Please note that laws concerning use and marking of trademarks or product names vary by country. Always consult a local attorney for additional guidance. Not all common law marks used by IBM are listed on this page. Because of the large number of products marketed by IBM, IBM's practice is to list only the most important of its common law marks. Failure of a mark to appear on this page does not mean that IBM does not use the mark nor does it mean that the product is not actively marketed or is not significant within its relevant market. Those trademarks followed by ® are registered trademarks of IBM in the United States; those followed by ™ are trademarks or common law marks of IBM in the United States. This list is not a comprehensive list of all IBM trademarks.

Back to top Fair Use guidelines for use and reference of IBM trademarks IBM trademarks include the famous IBM eight-bar logo and other designs and logos owned and used by IBM, as well as IBM product and service names. IBM takes great care in the development and protection of its trademarks and reserves all rights of ownership of its trademarks. Use of IBM logos IBM carefully limits the use of its logos. No other company may use IBM logos unless it has the express written permission of IBM, or is licensed by IBM to do so. To obtain permission to use any IBM logo, contact your IBM representative or the IBM Call Center at 1-800-IBM4YOU (1-800-426-4968) and ask for Corporate Branding. Fair use of IBM trademarks "Fair use" of IBM trademarks, that is, use by a third party without express permission or license, is limited to text-only references to IBM trademarks such as product and service names, and excludes IBM logos. In such references, you must be truthful, must not disparage IBM, and must not mislead the public. You must be clear and accurate as to the nature of the relationship between IBM and your company, its products, and its services.

Following are two common types of fair use: When you are specifically referring to IBM products. For example... IBM WebSphere software is a middleware platform. When you are indicating that an IBM product is compatible with another product. For Examples: a) XYZ is compatible with IBM WebSphere software products; b) XYZ for IBM Lotus Notes. Please note that the emphasis should be on your product name and any accompanying packaging produced by your company. Labeling should place emphasis on your product name so that it is perceived as an application, developed with, compatible with, or running on an IBM product. General rules for proper reference to IBM product names Following are general rules for proper usage of IBM product names The first use of each IBM product name mentioned in communications must be identified in a footnote or attribution. The attribution must be located either on the page/screen where the IBM trademark is used, or in the legal section of the communication or site in which it is referenced. Please note that laws concerning use of trademarks or product names vary by country. Always consult a local attorney for additional guidance. Example: IBM, MVS and WebSphere are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation, registered in many jurisdictions worldwide.

In the United States, the first reference in text to all IBM product names should be preceded by IBM and followed by the proper trademark symbol. The proper symbol for registered product names is ®. The proper symbol for product names which are the subject of pending applications or are used in accordance with common law trademark principles is ™. Examples: IBM® WebSphere® is the leading software platform for e-business on demand™. The IBM® MVS™ operating system ... Rules for marking product names differ by country. You may need to seek guidance from a trademark professional. A product name should be used as an adjective qualifying a noun that is a generic description of the product or service. The product name should also be used in a singular form. Example: The WebSphere software family includes over 150 products ... Do not change the form or representation of the product name, including capitalization or punctuation. Example: WebSphere®, DB2®, Lotus®, Tivoli® Use of "IBM" as a company name "IBM", the 3 letters in text, is both a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, and an abbreviation of its company name. When "IBM" is used to identify the company International Business Machines Corporation, it is called a trade name.

Trade name usage typically applies when referring to a company as opposed to a particular product. It is permissible to use IBM as a possessive if you are referring to IBM the company. In that case the name does not identify goods or services (which are legally the domain of trademarks). Incorrect use of IBM trademarks Do not omit a footnote/attribution for IBM trademarks. Do not alter the approved IBM trademark. Do not create any new logo for IBM or IBM product names. Do not incorporate any IBM product names into your company's product names. Do not incorporate any IBM product names into the root domain of any Web site owned by your company. Do not misspell or use lower case letters when using the name IBM in text. Do not use the IBM taglines. Do not connect your company name with IBM product names. Do not use the IBM trademark name for a product or service as a noun, or in the plural form. Do not misspell or incorrectly capitalize IBM trademarks. Always include the letters IBM before the trademarked IBM name on the first usage.

Special attributions The listed trademarks of the following companies require attribution: Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries. IT Infrastructure Library is a Registered Trade Mark of AXELOS Limited. Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO Logo, Ultrium, and the Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM Corp. and Quantum in the U.S. and other countries. Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Cell Broadband Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc.

in the United States, other countries, or both and is used under license therefrom. ITIL is a Registered Trade Mark of AXELOS Limited. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. The listed trademarks of the following IBM companies require marking and attribution: Bluewolf®, Bluewolf Beyond®, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Bluewolf, Inc., an IBM Company. Accesser®, Beyond Scale™, C device™, Circle device®, Cleversafe®, Commit to Meet, Deliver to Beat™, Dispersed Storage®, DSNET®, Omnience®, Slicestor®, and Storage Beyond Scale® are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cleversafe, Inc., an IBM Company.

Behavioral Fingerprinting®, Connect Control Center®, Connect:Direct®, Connect:Enterprise®, Cruiser™, Data Factory™, Gentran®, Gentran:Basic®, Gentran:Control®, Gentran:Director®, Gentran:Plus®, Gentran:Realtime®, Gentran:Server®, Gentran:Viewpoint®, Mantra®, N® logo, Netezza®, NPS®, Pintail™, Skimmer®, Sterling Commerce®, Sterling Information Broker®, Sterling Integrator® and TwinFin® are trademarks or registered trademarks of IBM International Group B.V., an IBM Company.

At Your Command Continuing Education®, Banking is Business®, Batrus Hollweg International®, BHI® and device, BHI Career Management System®, BHI Talent Consulting®, BHIONLINE®, BHSELECT®, BHSELECT SR®, BrassRing®, Click and Credit®, Click and Decide®, Click and Link®, Click and Post®, Click and Report®, Click and Screen®, Click and Track®, Clickable Software, Inc.® and device, Compplanner®, E11 Index®, Equassess®, Evolution®, Genesys Customer Driven HCM®, HD 360® and device, High Definition Assessment and Selection Science®, Hot Lava Mobile®, HR Success Multiplied®, ISI Insurance Services, Inc.® and device, iXe=s®, Job SPA Employee Engagement®, Kenexa®, Kenexa 2x Assess®, Kenexa 2x BrassRing®, Kenexa 2x Mobile®, Kenexa 2x Onboard®, Kenexa 2x Perform®, Kenexa 2x Recruit®, Kenexa Careertracker®, Kenexa Customer Satisfaction Indicator Assessment®, Kenexa Engagement Indicator Assessment®, Kenexa HR Thought Leadership®, Kenexa Person-Job Fit®, Kenexa Prove It!®, Kenex

a Sales Indicator Assessment®, Kenexa Survey Scorecard®, Kenexa Teamwork Indicator Assessment®, Makana®, Makana Motivator®, Making Social Work®, Management Success Indicator®, OTCI®, Outstart®, Outstart Participate®, Outstart TrainingEdge®, Pay Score®, Peoplequest®, Performance Plus®, Performance View®, Proselect®, Prove It!®, Quick Select®, Research Institute Batrushollweg®, Resume=Link®, RI Research Institute Batrushollweg® and device, Safe Security Assessment for Employees®, Sales Select®, SellingEdge®, Softsim®, SQ Service Questionnaire®, SQPlus®, Strategic Talent Life Cycle®, Survey Center®, Survey Insight®, Survey Vantage®, Talent Gauging®, Talent Manager®, Teamfit®, Touchscore®, Tracks Around the World with Barbara Hollweg® and device, Webhire®, What Do You Pay For The World?™, Workforce by Design®, and Workforcebydesign® are trademarks or registered trademarks of Kenexa, an IBM Company.

AMICAS®, Automontage®, BugsEye®, CADstream®, Clinical Asset Management®, eClinicalOS®, eClinicalOS® and device, eFilm Workstation®, iConnect®, Lifeclinic®, Merge Healthcare®, Merge Honeycomb®, myEDC®, OIS EyeScan®, Optimizing Clinical Asset Management®, PAR®, RadStream®, RealTime Worklist®, Requisite Software®, Veracity®, Vita-Stat®, and Where Smart Research Goes To Work.® are trademarks or registered trademarks of Merge Healthcare Inc., an IBM Company. C03Systems®, Resilient®, and Resilient Systems® are trademarks or registered trademarks of Resilient Systems, an IBM Company. Automagic™, CDNLayer®, Challenging But Not Overwhelming™, CloudLayer®, Flex Images®, KnowledgeLayer®, RescueLayer®, SecurityLayer®, SoftLayer®, SoftLayer® device, StorageLayer®, and The Planet® are trademarks or registered trademarks of SoftLayer, Inc., an IBM Company. LoopBack®, StrongLoop®, StrongNode™, and StrongOps™ are trademarks or registered trademarks of StrongLoop, Inc., an IBM Company.

Autobrand®, Cloud and Rainbow®device, Connect With Weather®, Daily Downpour®, Icebreaker Studios™, Rapid Fire®, Safeside®, Social®and device, The Lift™, The Weather Channel®, The Weather Channel®and device, The Weather Company®, The Weather Company®and device, The Weather Underground®, TWC®, Weather Anywhere®, Weather Bonk®, Weather Exchange®, Weather FX and device™, Weather in Motion®, Weather Insights®, Weather® logo, Weather Means Business™, Weather on Your Site®, Weather Quickie®, Weather Sticker®, Weather Underground®, Weather.com®, WeatherFX®, Who is Hot?®, Wireless Weather®, WU®, WU® and device, Wunderblog®, Wunderground®, Wunderground.com®, Wundermap®, Wunderphotos®, Wunderpoll®, Wunderradio®, and Wundersearch® are trademarks or registered trademarks of TWC Product and Technology, LLC, an IBM Company.

Trusteer Apex™, Trusteer Management Application™, Trusteer Pinpoint™, Trusteer Pinpoint Account Takeover (ATO) Detection™, Trusteer Pinpoint Malware Detection™, Trusteer Rapport Payment Card Protection Add-On™, and Trusteer Rapport Torpedo Add-On™ are trademarks or registered trademarks of Trusteer, an IBM Company. Avcharts®, A.D.O.N.I.S. Futurecast®, Defender®, Energycast®, ESP:Live®, GLN®, Global Lightning Network®, Intellicast®, Live:Wire®, Magictrak®, Metrocast®, Metvision®, Myweather®, Pilotbrief®, Pilotbrief Vector®, Pinpoint Lightning®, Routecast®, Skytrak®, Sportswriter®, Stormsentinel®, Taps®, Truvu Max®, Weather Central®, WeatherProducer®, WSI®, WSI Inflight®, WSI Livecat Forecast®, WSI Marketfirst®, and WSI°® are trademarks or registered trademarks of WSI Corporation, an IBM Company. Xtify® is a trademark or registered trademark of Xtify, an IBM Company. IBM : Summary for International Business Machines - Yahoo Finance IBM : Summary for International Business Machines - Yahoo Finance International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) NYSE - NYSE Delayed Price.

Currency in USD Add to watchlist At close: 4:03 PM EST 165.99 0.00 (0.00%) After hours: 7:12 PM EST People also watch: Watson is at the forefront of IBM’s long-term growth strategy Previously in this series, we touched on the technologies that will dominate 2017 and the next computing cycle. Technology companies… Market Realist•6 hours ago IBM (IBM), which has been grappling with no revenue growth, continued the trend in 2016. However, its Strategic Imperatives segment, which comprises investments in cloud, analytics, mobile, social, and ... Barrons.com•6 hours ago IBM the Top Dow 'Dog' For 2017 Despite 20% Return, Says Boutique Firm Shares of International Business Machines (IBM) have done well this year, rising 20.5% to a recent $165.81, but despite that it counts as one of the “Dogs of the Dow” stocks that boutique outfit Cornerstone Macro recommends in 2017.

“Our pick for 2017 among the 10 Dogs of the Dow of 2016 is IBM,” writes Carter Braxton Worth of Cornerstone, in a missive to followers this afternoon. The premise, of course, is that so-called “Blue Chip” companies (companies that populate the Dow Jones Industrial Average) do not alter (CUT) their dividends casually on account of year-over-year fluctuations in their business.

Question: What is the colourful nickname of the International Business Machines (IBM) corporation?
Answer: Big Blue