Monaco - FAQ / About Monaco / Site officiel de Monaco Monaco has 32,020 (6,089 Monégasque citizens) 19% Monégasque, 32% French, 20% Italian. What is the local currency? The legal tender in Monaco is the Euro €. Where is the nearest airport? What flights are available from the U.S.? Cote d'Azur International Airport in Nice, France is 15 miles away from Monaco. Delta Air Lines offers daily non-stop flights from New York to Nice. Air France and British Airways offer service via Paris or London from several U.S. gateways. Swiss International Air Lines offers flights through Zurich and Geneva. What transportation is available from the airport? There are various ways to get to the Principality from the airport. One may take the train, public bus, private limousine service, taxi or rent a car. The most spectacular way is to take the helicopter which is only a seven minute flight. For more details, visit our or how to get there page. What is the tipping policy?

Service at hotels and restaurants is already included in the bill, while tipping for special services is up to the discretion of the visitor. How to get from the heliport to the hotel? Upon arrival at the heliport in Monaco, your luggage will be taken care of by the helicopter company and a mini-van will bring you directly to the hotel. Where can I get tickets for the Grand Prix? The Automobile Club of Monaco organizes the race each year. There are more than 3,000 seats available for sale on the circuit. To order tickets or to receive information regarding ticket ordering, please contact the Automobile Club of Monaco directly. Are there any discounts for children or senior citizens? Many museums and tourist attractions offer discounts for children and senior citizens. Check out the Museums and Tourist Attractions guide for further information. How to get around in Monaco? The size of Monaco allows speedy and easy commutes between the various districts of the Principality. Walking in the Principality is facilitated by public lifts and escalators that operate 24 hours a day, every day, to help overcome different altitude levels. Public transportation includes a bus shuttle service that includes 5 different routes.

Departures are every 10 minutes from 7 am to 9 pm. For more details, visit our or how to get there page. Are pets allowed in hotel & restaurants? The majority of hotels and restaurants are pet-friendly. However, to be on the safe side, you may want to ask before making a reservation. Where is Princess Grace buried? Princess Grace is buried in the Monaco Cathedral, which is situated in Monaco-Ville, the old town. Choose your language The Volokh Conspiracy - Names for Inhabitants: Names for Inhabitants: A reader passes along this puzzle: Find cases where the name of inhabitants of a city, region, or country in English has nothing to do etymologically with the name of that geographic entity in English. The most prominent example of this would be Rio de Janeiro and "Carioca." Interestingly, the inhabitants of the state of Rio de Janeiro are called "fluminense." Besides these examples, I only know one other major South American city with a similar name pair. Clearly, something like "Liverpudlian" won't qualify.

It turns out those Liverpudlians have a nickname "Scousers" but I am really after the primary name (there is no "Rio-de-Janeirenhos" --- you have to use Carioca). In any event, the list that immediately comes to mind is pretty limited, but I am sure there are plenty of those around. I expect for instance that it is common in Brazil, so some Brazilian may pitch in. In any case, I don't think the definition should be very restrictive, because that way we could learn about interesting cases. Any thoughts? I can think of one example -- involving the name for the inhabitants of a country -- that should be pretty obvious, but I can't think of others. Is the "pretty obvious" example the name "Dutch" for people from the Netherlands? 8.3.2007 8:44pm Hoosiers for folks from Indiana? 8.3.2007 8:46pm Evelyn Blaine ( mail ): It occurs to me that there are a number of countries that probably don't really have any associated inhabitant-name nouns. Is there any word in English for an inhabitant of Vatican City?

Also, it's contestable whether there's a good inhabitant-name noun for the UK: strictly, "Briton" or "Britisher" seems appropriate only for one from Great Britain, which is, of course, a subregion of "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". 8.3.2007 8:48pm ( link ) Gene: The other obvious South American example to which the writer refers may be "Porteno," which is what residents of Buenos Aires call themselves. 8.3.2007 8:49pm UN Plaza ( mail ): People from Mexico City call themselves Chilangos, which is kind of slang but maybe fits what you are talking about. 8.3.2007 8:50pm No word for inhabitant derives from United States--it's "American." 8.3.2007 8:54pm In the "region" category, I nominate "Yankee".

8.3.2007 8:56pm Evelyn Blaine ( mail ): Also note that a similar disparity occurs in the French version of "Netherlands/Dutch": the country is Les Pays-Bas, but an inhabitant is "néerlandais(e)". Although, of course, in this case one term is just a translation of the other, whereas "Dutch" and "Holland" (and their cognates in other langauges) are, I believe, etymologically distinct. Italian has "I Paisi Bassi", but most commonly, I think, the adjective "olandese"; analogously in Spanish. 8.3.2007 8:57pm ( link ) Steve2: I've often looked for a list of names-for-people-from (or adjectives-for-stuff-from), just because with countries you don't do that for very often (Vanuatu, for instance), it's hard to know what it is. Especially since there doesn't seem to be a consistent reasoning behind the construction for them: why, for instance, Icelandic and Irish, instead of both Icelandic and Irelandic, or both Iceish and Irish?

Monaco, Morocco, and the Republic of the Congo give Monegasque, Moroccan, and Congolese, disproving the existence of any standard "Form for countries whose names end with 'o'". And why does Moscow turn into "Muscovite" instead of "Mosowite"... or "Moscowish", "Moscowan", or even just "Moscan"? But as for what you can think of, Professor Volokh, all I'm thinking of are minority groups in a region, like the Hmong in Vietnam or the Masai in Kenya, but I doubt that's what you're thinking of. Now, do Hoosiers count? bellisaurius ( mail ): The one that comes to mind is from Isaac Asimov, who said that the proper name for cretaures from venus wouldn;t be Venusian, but rather Venerian, or Cytherian, based on the way these words are declined in their original tongue (venerius, not venusias). Actually, place names are sort of interesting in general, since some long lost languages are only left as place names (Illiyrian was one, if memory serves).

8.3.2007 9:26pm Sean O'Hara ( mail ) ( www ): Also, it's contestable whether there's a good inhabitant-name noun for the UK: strictly, "Briton" or "Britisher" seems appropriate only for one from Great Britain, which is, of course, a subregion of "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". That's easy -- UKian (pronounced "Ookian"). 8.3.2007 9:31pm Ireland is one of the British Isles, so British works. 8.3.2007 9:52pm ( link ) I Heart Brasil: Another great example is the Brazilian state of Espirito Santo (just north of Rio). The people there are called capixabas. Although it's to bad we don't call them Espirto Santenses or something -- it would be fun to have a bunch of Holy Spirits running around the country :) Also from Brazil, though I'm not sure this is quite as good an example, are the people of Rio Grande do Sul. They are, of course, refered to as Gauchos.

While failure to recognize this fact will certainly cost you a number of friendships (they're passionate about their status as gauchos), I thik this term might be more encompassing than people from Rio Grande do Sul might lead you to believe. I think, but I'm not sure, that the word can be properly used to refer to a group of "cowboy" like people from the more general southern regions of Brazil, not necessarily just the people of RGS. 8.3.2007 9:52pm ( link ) Sebastian Villarreal: My favourite has to go to the residents of the Mexican state of Aguascalientes (literally 'Hot Waters'). They are called Hydrocalidos. This is not slang but the official name. It is quite whimsical and scientific sounding. 8.3.2007 9:53pm When I was little, Californians were called "Prune Pickers".

8.3.2007 10:25pm ( link ) neurodoc: Colombians, who stereotype their citizens according to the regions they come from, some in not such flattering ways, refer to the inhabitants of Bogota as "rollos." 8.3.2007 10:27pm Alan Gunn ( mail ): Jeff R's answer, "Yankee," is particularly interesting because there don't seem to be people who think of themselves as "Yankees." To foreigners, all Americans are Yankees, to southerners, it's northerners, to most northerners it's people from New England, etc. Maybe somewhere in rural Maine there are a couple of people who'd call themselves Yankees, but I doubt it. 8.3.2007 10:33pm Wales, Welsh? Altho that's pretty close to "Wales-ish". 8.3.2007 11:49pm ( link ) picpoule: It's not really an exact answer to the question, but I just can't resist this one -- the inhabitants of Weimar, Germany are Weimaraners!

8.4.2007 12:10am neurodoc: In any case, I don't think the definition should be very restrictive... Maybe it should be limited to what the residents of those places call themselves. Otherwise, it could get rather ugly with what others may call them. 8.4.2007 12:11am ( link ) Hoosier: Specast beat me to it. But I suspose this was a slam-dunk for me. We really are 'Hoosiers' here. And we don't know why. Also, "Georgians"--I know it doesn't count, since we call the country "Georgia." But it's not even close. Cambodia--Khmer (Though 'Cambodian' is also used; perhaps more often?) Ottoman Empire--Turks (Though my newspaper may be a bit old.) Israel--Zionist-Imperialist Pig And isn't there a country whose people are called Cheese Eating Surrender Monkies? I'm blanking on it.

8.4.2007 12:25am ( link ) SADO Summer: People from the UP of Michigan are called Yoopers, which does relate to the place (UP), but they call us Trolls (since we leave "under the Bridge"). Not sure this really counts, however. 8.4.2007 12:42am Fub: Alan Gunn wrote at 8.3.2007 9:33pm: Jeff R's answer, "Yankee," is particularly interesting because there don't seem to be people who think of themselves as "Yankees." To foreigners, all Americans are Yankees, to southerners, it's northerners, to most northerners it's people from New England, etc. Maybe somewhere in rural Maine there are a couple of people who'd call themselves Yankees, but I doubt it. If you're not an American, A Yankee is an American. If you're an American, a Yankee is someone who lives north of the Mason-Dixon line. If you live north of the Mason-Dixon line, a Yankee is someone who lives in New England.

If you live in New England, a Yankee is someone who lives in Vermont. If you live in Vermont, a Yankee is someone who lives in the Green Mountains. If you live in the Green Mountains, a Yankee is someone who eats apple pie for breakfast. If you live in the Green Mountains and eat apple pie for breakfast, a Yankee is someone who eats it with a knife. 8.4.2007 12:49am advisory opinion: For some, Texans are known as @#**$!%#s. So are scousers. But to be scouse is already something of an insult. "Scouse whine" and "scouse self-pitying" are familiar English tropes. :) ( link ) Hoosier: But a Yankee is never specifically someone from New York City. So when the first Baltimore O's moved to NY, why did they take the name 'Yankees'? I'm hoping some baseball fanatic can help me with this one. 8.4.2007 1:01am ( link ) Curt Fischer: We will have WORDS! Actually, I thought it was "Bostonian" for anyone inside 128.

If you're from the Cape, I guess you would be a Cape Codder (which is a drink...?); if you're from Western Mass, you're just from Western Mass. I realize that my hometown example is well short of the personal descriptor having "nothing to do" with the place name, but nonetheless...: you omitted the in-between example of "Cantabrigian" for those of us lucky enough to hail from Cambridge, Mass. I would like to bristle at being called a Bostonian, if I could always remember to. 8.4.2007 1:04am Hoosier: Curt--Your post rasises so many questions: Do you actually call yourselves 'Cantabrigians'? If I'm writing to someone at Harvard, can I just write 'Cantab.' on the envelope? Do people living around Miami U. in Ohio call themselves 'Oxonians'? Are you the Cambridge that had all that Kim Philby trouble, or was that the other one? 8.4.2007 1:21am Kristian ( mail ) ( www ): But a Yankee is never specifically someone from New York City.

So when the first Baltimore O's moved to NY, why did they take the name 'Yankees'? Well, technically, they became the 'Highlanders' for a year or two before becoming the Yankees. And if you are going to get picky about a team over reaching with the nickname, I can assure there were quite a few Patriots not from New England... 8.4.2007 1:50am ( link ) Hoosier: To be super-technical, they were /originally/ the 'New York Baltimore O's.' Thinking, I guess, of the bird and not the city. Sure, there are Patriots outside of New England. But there are Patriots /in/ NE, too. 'Yankee,' on the other hand, doesn't describe a New Yorker. 'Knickerbockers' had already been used. But I don't think that left the team with no choices. 8.4.2007 2:06am And why does Moscow turn into "Muscovite" Because the name of the city in Russian is Moskva. Re: Naples - Neopolitan Those are related (Naples < Neapolis).

Also I suspect "Madagascar and Malgasy" are related words. Maybe the former was how some inattentive European explorer heard some word like the latter? 8.4.2007 10:49am ( link ) Hoosier: Aleks--I have wondered about the 'Muscovite' matter myself. I think you are probably right. But I have a slight reservation, since there seems to be something of a pattern in English. Endings in "-ow," and "-aw" somtimes take on a "v" when converted to adjectives. The adjective for "relating to Evelyn Waugh" (phonetically an '-aw'-ending) is 'Wauvian.' I've seen this in other words, all I think coming into the language through England. So I leave it to the linguists. 8.4.2007 11:45am Just Dropping By ( mail ): Cambodia--Khmer (Though 'Cambodian' is also used; perhaps more often?) I believe that "Khmer" more properly refers to the major ethnic group of Cambodia, whereas "Cambodian" refers to anyone who is an inhabitant of the country regardless of ethnicity/race.

This is similar to the situation in Kazakhstan, where "Kazakh" is used for members of the ethnic group and "Kazakhstani" is used for any inhabitant of the country: Kazakhstan#Kazakhs_and_Kazakhstanis_.28terminology.29 (Remove the space to make the URL work.) 8.4.2007 11:49am ( link ) neurodoc: Boston has been mentioned, but "beantowner" for the inhabitants thereof? (Boston baked beans, and the ditty about beans and cod) Residents of Pittsburgh sometimes are called something like "younzers." (IIRC, it derives from the "mispronunciation" of a place, perhaps the river there.) 8.4.2007 11:56am For regional names, Native Americans used to be collectively called "Indians." it's my experience that Indians refer to themselves as Indians.

8.4.2007 12:12pm Johno ( mail ) ( www ): Residents of Pittsburgh sometimes are called something like "younzers." (IIRC, it derives from the "mispronunciation" of a place, perhaps the river there.) Actually, "yinzers" derives from the Pittsburgh slang for "you guys," which would be written "you'uns" but pronounced something like "yinz," as in "yinz guys gwan dahntahn ta catch da Pahrts game at PNC Park? Dey're sellin Arn City Beer for two dawlers today." On a similar note, the pejorative Pittsburghese word for "person of Slavic descent" is "hunkie," which comports with the challenge at hand. 8.4.2007 12:27pm knickerbockers sooners While all of these may be nicknames for people from various states, I think most can be distinguished from something like "Hoosier," which is the only widely accepted way to refer to people from Indiana.

A quick Google search reveals that the terms "Ohioan," "Oklahoman," and "North Carolinian" are widely used. The word "Indianan" exists, but is not accepted by Indiana residents as the proper way to refer to people from Indiana. Hoosiers presume that anyone who says "Indianan" doesn't know anything about Indiana. 8.4.2007 12:28pm ( link ) cathyf: On a similar note, the pejorative Pittsburghese word for "person of Slavic descent" is "hunkie," which comports with the challenge at hand. Hunkie (honky) is a version of Hungarian. 8.4.2007 12:32pm Sean O'Hara: That's easy -- UKian (pronounced "Ookian"). Confess! You're really the Librarian, aren't you? 8.4.2007 12:48pm The McGehee ( mail ) ( www ): * When I lived a few miles east of Fairbanks, Alaska, sharing a zip code with a little town called North Pole, I was North Polish.

* I'm glad my ancestors didn't come from Crete. 8.4.2007 12:59pm ( link ) Maria813: As I understand it, people from Valparaiso (Chile)and Veracruz (Mexico) are also called porteños (which means they're from a port city), just as people from Buenos Aires. Within Argentina, people from the San Luis province are called "puntanos". 8.4.2007 1:23pm ys: Folks from Uruguay are oft referred to as "Orientales". True, but as a nickname against the official "uruguayos". On the other hand there is no alternative for Buenos Aires porteños. 8.4.2007 2:16pm Harry Eagar ( mail ): Steve, the native inhabitants of Vanuatu call themselves Kanaks (as in Kanak Liberation Front), which is the Polynesian word for 'man.' In Hawaiian, it's kanaka. But Hawaiians do not often refer to themselves, in aggregate, as Kanakas, although whites used to do so in the 19th century.

In Hawaii, a Hawaiian is someone descended from the original inhabitants, often specified as Native Hawaiian. The more ancestrally conscious of them now usually refer to themselves as Kanaka Maoli. It is a solecism to refer to residents of the islands who do not claim native blood as Hawaiians. We are people with no name. My newspaper refers to all inhabitants collectively as 'Hawaii residents.' In street speech, people are usually identified as locals (anybody not tainted with white blood), local haole (white born in the islands) or haole (white from somewhere else). It gets even more complicated. Local haoles from long-established haole families like to call themselves kamaaina (literally, child of the land, born here); although anybody of any ancestry born here is entitled to call himself kamaaina. Possession of a Hawaii state drivers license entitles you to 'kamaaina discount' even if you are not kamaaina. It gets even more complicated than that. Each ethnic group has a name: Pake (Chinese); AJA (American of Japanese Ancestry); kotonk (AJA born on the Mainland; Potagee (Portuguese) and several others.

8.4.2007 3:14pm Garrincha was a mageense (from the town of Pau Grande in the municipality of Magé, Rio de Janeiro.) 8.4.2007 4:34pm ( link ) HSH: Yes, I believe it's true that Hunkie comes from Hungarian, but it was applied to just about anyone from Eastern Europe-- Croatians, Rumanians, etc.-- by members of other immigrant groups. Among Eastern Europeans in the Western PA area, other words were used. For example, among Serbs who came to the area prior to WWI, it was very common to refer to Croatians as Austrians, and not with affection. 8.4.2007 5:06pm Aaron Pollock ( mail ): For example, among Serbs who came to the area prior to WWI, it was very common to refer to Croatians as Austrians, and not with affection. Given that prior to WWI, Croatia was a part of Austria-Hungary, that's not a surprise.

8.4.2007 5:32pm ys said: Folks from Uruguay are oft referred to as "Orientales". True, but as a nickname against the official "uruguayos". On the other hand there is no alternative for Buenos Aires porteños. Actually, in Spanish, Bonairense is the proper (though only used formally) name for the Buenos Aires porteños Uruguayos are called Orientales because Uruguay was called the Banda Oriental (roughly the Eastern shore) in colonial times, being on the eastern bank of the Rio de la Plata River, as opossed to the rest of Argentina, to which it belonged during the Spanish domination. The official name of Uruguay is "Republica Oriental de Uruguay" (the Eastern Republic of Uruguay), yet there is no Western Republic of Uruguay.

8.4.2007 7:21pm I believe that residents of Berlin can be refered to as "Jelly Doughnuts" 8.4.2007 9:23pm Rich Rostrom ( mail ): There are a lot of places/regions for which there is no adjectival form: New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massaschusetts, Wyoming, Prince Edward Island, all but about six English shires, Cape Town, New Orleans... 8.4.2007 10:00pm Rich Rostrom ( mail ): There are a lot of places/regions for which there is no adjectival form: New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Wyoming, Prince Edward Island, all but about six English shires, Cape Town, New Orleans... A form may be flanged up if unavoidably required, but in general no such form is used for these locations. 8.4.2007 10:02pm markm ( mail ): (1) isn't someone from Holland (rather than some other part of the Netherlands) still called a Hollander? Someone from Holland in The Netherlands) is Dutch.

Around here, a Hollander is someone from Holland, Michigan(at least if they're ethnically Dutch). the inhabitants of Weimar, Germany are Weimaraners! And my Dad's ancestors are Pomeranians? 8.4.2007 10:22pm What's the word for someone from the county and borough of Queens? Are you all sure there is no connection between Rio de Janiero and Cariocan? The CIA world factbook is pretty good about the words for countries and their inhabitants. (It's perfect for middle school reports!) It says that the nationality of a citizen of Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides) is Ni-Vanuatu and of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay is Uruguayan. 8.5.2007 12:17pm Harry Eagar ( mail ): I was amused to learn from Jason Sokol's 'There Goes My Everything' that the residents of Albany, Ga., call themselves Albanians.

8.5.2007 2:32pm ( link ) Toby: Especially since there doesn't seem to be a consistent reasoning behind the construction for them: why, for instance, Icelandic and Irish, instead of both Icelandic and Irelandic, or both Iceish and Irish? Monaco, Morocco, and the Republic of the Congo give Monegasque, Moroccan, and Congolese, disproving the existence of any standard "Form for countries whose names end with 'o'". There is a clear rule across a lot of these names (not all). In some countries there is a people, and the ancestral land is named for them. the Eire comprised of Irish have their country Ireland. In Iceland, as far from that as you can get, you have a barren rock discovered by Vikings, some of whom settled there. In many cases you have a two-level construction. The ethnic Azeries have a country Azerbaijan in which other ethnicities live with them. All together they are the Azerbaijanis. The distinction is pretty logical. Many of the "stan" countries follow the general pattern of the Eire in Ireland, except local language makes use of -stan instead of -land.

The original example of "fluminense" makes perfect sense for anyone who recalls high school Latin. I am suspecting that the term fluminense reflects Jesuits referring to people from Ria as "river inhabitants" orperhaps "people of the flood-plain, either of which would not have leap far to get to fluminense. 8.5.2007 3:13pm abw ( www ): I think it's ironic that so many talk about "inhabitants" without a mention of Canadians being called Les Habitantes (or Habs for short). 8.6.2007 9:13am jallgor ( mail ): I always heard that the term Yankee was derived from a common ducth surname and that it became a slang term for referring to dutch settlers in new york and connecticut. This is before it became a general term associated with New Englander's. That was always why I assumed the New York Yankees took the name. 8.6.2007 11:10am Boyd ( mail ) ( www ): Sorry, I'm kinda late to the game here.

jim: Hellene comes from the Greek word for Greece (Hellas or Hellada, which in the actual Greek has no initial H), so I'm not sure that would qualify. Kevin McG: When I was stationed in Athens, we used to poke fun at our colleagues in Crete by calling them Cretans while they were there, and ex-Cretians once they transferred elsewhere. 8.6.2007 11:10am Soccer Dad ( mail ) ( www ): I believe that citizens of Maine are also Bay Staters as Maine was once part of Massachusetts. 8.6.2007 12:42pm Oh, and aren't people in Maine called "Down Easters"? 8.6.2007 3:06pm Little Loca ( mail ): I'm not trying to be mean, but this topic makes little sense and is etymologically sloppy. Most of these examples do not fit the category; they are just alternative forms of the names for people from different regions. Also, most are inaccurate. To name a couple, American for United States is not right. First, American DOES refer to the region where they are from (just a much larger portion).

Second, there is a word, Unitedstatian. It's just not often used. The Shanghai example is bad, too, because Shanghai is also known as "hu", so it is just another name. The name of the area used to be "hu", so that is why it is called that...just like how "canton" is also known as "yue," etc. Porteños obviously refers to the "port" that is Buenos Aires. Indeed, I'd suspect that it was called El Puerto de Buenos Aires (the Port of Good Winds) because the "city" was probably just built around the port. Again, not sure this would (should) count. 8.6.2007 5:02pm People from earth are called "people." 8.7.2007 12:16am Hoosier: Just Dropping By-- By 1979, there was not much difference between living in Cambodia and being Khmer. Despite what Noam Chomsky said at the time.

8.8.2007 12:26am JayL: People from earth are called "people." This actually raises an interesting (if hypothetical and potentially silly) question: If we ever encounter extraterrestrials, what name will we go by? Earthlings? Humans? Terrans? In the fictional world of "Star Trek," people from Earth are called humans. In the mirror universe (as found in "Mirror, Mirror" and episodes in Deep Space Nine and Enterprise), people from Earth are called terrans. I suppose it is food for thought. 8.8.2007 11:35am Monaco U.S. Department of State Background Note Monaco Monaco GEOGRAPHY The Principality of Monaco is the second-smallest independent state in the world, after the Holy See (Vatican City). It is located on the Mediterranean coast, 18 kilometers (11 mi.) east of Nice, France, and is surrounded on three sides by France.

Monaco is divided into four sections: Monaco-Ville, the old city on a rocky promontory extending into the Mediterranean; La Condamine, the section along the port; Monte-Carlo, the principal residential and resort area; and Fontvieille, a newly constructed area reclaimed from the sea. The principality is noted for its beautiful natural scenery and mild, sunny climate. The average minimum temperature in January and February is 8oC (47oF); in July and August the average maximum temperature is 26oC (78oF). PEOPLE In July 2006, Monaco's population was estimated at 32,543, with an estimated average growth rate for 2007 of 0.386%. French is the official language; English, Italian, and Monegasque (a blend of French and Italian) also are spoken. The literacy rate is 99%. Roman Catholicism is the official religion, with freedom of other religions guaranteed by the constitution.

HISTORY Founded in 1215 as a colony of Genoa, Monaco has been ruled by the House of Grimaldi since 1297, except when under French control from 1789 to 1814. Designated as a protectorate of Sardinia from 1815 until 1860 by the Treaty of Vienna, Monaco's sovereignty was recognized by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861. The Prince of Monaco was an absolute ruler until a constitution was promulgated in 1911. In July 1918, a treaty was signed providing for limited French protection over Monaco. The treaty, formally noted in the Treaty of Versailles, established that Monegasque policy would be aligned with French political, military, and economic interests. A new constitution, proclaimed in 1962, abolished capital punishment, provided for female suffrage, and established a Supreme Court to guarantee fundamental liberties. In 1993, Monaco became an official member of the United Nations with full voting rights. It joined the Council of Europe in 2004.

Three months after the death of his father, Prince Rainier III, on April 6, Prince Albert II formally acceded to the throne on July 12, 2005. GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS Monaco has been governed as a constitutional monarchy since 1911, with the Prince as chief of state. The executive branch consists of a Minister of State (head of government), who presides over a five-member Council of Government (cabinet). The Minister of State is responsible for foreign relations. As the Prince's representative, the Minister of State also directs the executive services, commands the police, and presides (with voting powers) over the Council of Government. The five members of the Council are respectively responsible for internal affairs, external affairs, the environment, finance and economy, and social affairs and health. Under the 1962 constitution, the Prince shares his power with the unicameral National Council. Sixteen of the 24 members of this legislative body are elected by list majority system, and 8 by proportional representation to serve 5-year terms. The elections were last held on February 9, 2003, and will be held next in February 2008.

If the Prince dissolves the National Council, new elections must be held within 3 months. Usually meeting twice annually, the Council votes on the budget and endorses laws proposed by the Prince. Ordinances passed by the National Council are debated in the Council of Government, as are the ministerial decrees signed by the Minister of State. Once approved, the ordinances must be submitted to the Prince within 80 days for his signature, which makes them legally enforceable. If he does not express opposition within 10 days of submission, they become valid. Judicial power is invested in the Prince, who delegates judicial procedures to the various courts, which dispense justice in his name. The independence of the judges is guaranteed by the constitution. The Supreme Court is composed of five chief members and two assistant judges named by the Prince on the basis of nominations by the National Council and other government bodies. The Supreme Court is the highest court for judicial appeals and also interprets the constitution when necessary. Monaco's legal system, closely related to that of France, is patterned after the Napoleonic Code.

The principality's local affairs (the administration of the four quarters of Monaco-Ville, La Condamine, Monte Carlo, and Fontvieille) are directed by the Communal Council, which consists of 15 elected members and is presided over by the Mayor. Principal Government Officials Chief of State--Prince Albert II, Crown Prince Minister of State--Jean-Paul Proust Ambassador to the United States and United Nations--Gilles Noghes Council of Government Finance and Economic Affairs--Gilles Tonelli Social Affairs and Health--Jean-Jacques Campana Environment, Equipment and Urbanism--Robert Calcagno National Council President--Stephane Valeri President of Supreme Court--Roland Drago Director of Judicial Services--Philippe Narmino ECONOMY Monaco, located on the Mediterranean coast, has an economy primarily geared toward finance, commerce, and tourism. Low taxes have drawn many foreign companies to Monaco; the companies' production accounts for around 50% of the €593 million annual government income (2002). The enterprises pay a 33.33% tax only if more than 25% of their revenue is generated abroad.

Ever since Monaco's famed casino opened in 1856, the tourism industry has been booming. It currently accounts for close to 25% of the annual revenue. Customs, postal services, telecommunications, and banking in Monaco are governed by an economic and customs union with France. The official currency is the euro. Though official economic statistics are not published, 2006 estimates placed the gross domestic product at $976.3 million and the per capita income at $30,000. Monaco does not publish the figures for unemployment, but in 2005 the rate was estimated to be at 0%. Monaco is noted for its activity in the field of marine sciences. Its Oceanographic Museum, formerly directed by Jacques Cousteau, is one of the most renowned institutions of its kind in the world. Monaco imports and exports products and services from all over the world. There is no commercial agriculture in Monaco. FOREIGN RELATIONS Monaco actively participates in the United Nations, which it joined in 1993. Monaco joined the Council of Europe on October 4, 2004.

Monaco also is a member of many international and intergovernmental organizations, including Interpol, the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) is headquartered in Monaco. The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign and independent state, linked closely to France by the Treaty of July 1918, which was formally noted in Article 436 of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. The foreign policy of Monaco is one illustration of this accord: France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963. In 2002, Monaco renegotiated its 1918 treaty with France. In 2005, it was ratified by both parties and entered into force.

The terms of the treaty: Upgrade France's representation in Monaco from Consulate General to that of an embassy; Permit, for the first time, other countries to accredit ambassadors to Monaco; and Formally recognize the succession scheme set out in the 1962 Constitution, which extends eligibility to the Prince's daughters and other family members. Although not a member of the European Union (EU), Monaco is closely associated with the economic apparatus of the EU through its customs union with France and its reliance upon the euro as its official currency. Monaco has 10 diplomatic missions in Western Europe and permanent representation at the United Nations and the Council of Europe. It maintains honorary consulates in 106 cities in 45 countries. Seventy-six countries have consulates general, consulates, or honorary consulates in or accredited to Monaco. U.S.-MONACO RELATIONS The United States and Monaco enjoy excellent relations, which both countries seek to maintain and strengthen. From 1956 until her death in 1982, the American-born Grace Kelly was married to Prince Rainier III, Prince Albert's father. The United States does not yet have a diplomatic mission located in Monaco.

In December 2006, the United States and Monaco upgraded from consular to full diplomatic relations. Shortly after, Ambassador Craig Stapleton (France) was accredited to Monaco, and Ambassador Gilles Noghes became the first Monegasque ambassador to the United States. Principal U.S. Official Ambassador (Paris, France)-- Craig Stapleton The U.S. Embassy in France is located at 2 Avenue Gabriel, Paris 8 (tel. [33] (1) 4312-2222). The U.S. Consulate General at Marseille is located at Place Varian Fry, 13286 Marseille Cedex 6 (tel. [33]-(4)-91-54-92-00). TRAVEL AND BUSINESS INFORMATION The U.S. Department of State's Consular Information Program advises Americans traveling and residing abroad through Consular Information Sheets, Public Announcements, and Travel Warnings. Consular Information Sheets exist for all countries and include information on entry and exit requirements, currency regulations, health conditions, safety and security, crime, political disturbances, and the addresses of the U.S. embassies and consulates abroad.

Public Announcements are issued to disseminate information quickly about terrorist threats and other relatively short-term conditions overseas that pose significant risks to the security of American travelers. Travel Warnings are issued when the State Department recommends that Americans avoid travel to a certain country because the situation is dangerous or unstable. For the latest security information, Americans living and traveling abroad should regularly monitor the Department's Bureau of Consular Affairs Internet web site at , where the current Worldwide Caution , Public Announcements , and Travel Warnings can be found. Consular Affairs Publications , which contain information on obtaining passports and planning a safe trip abroad, are also available at . For additional information on international travel, see . The Department of State encourages all U.S citizens traveling or residing abroad to register via the State Department's travel registration website or at the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate abroad. Registration will make your presence and whereabouts known in case it is necessary to contact you in an emergency and will enable you to receive up-to-date information on security conditions. Emergency information concerning Americans traveling abroad may be obtained by calling 1-888-407-4747 toll free in the U.S.

and Canada or the regular toll line 1-202-501-4444 for callers outside the U.S. and Canada. The National Passport Information Center (NPIC) is the U.S. Department of State's single, centralized public contact center for U.S. passport information. Telephone: 1-877-4USA-PPT (1-877-487-2778). Customer service representatives and operators for TDD/TTY are available Monday-Friday, 7:00 a.m. to 12:00 midnight, Eastern Time, excluding federal holidays. Travelers can check the latest health information with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. A hotline at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) and a web site at give the most recent health advisories, immunization recommendations or requirements, and advice on food and drinking water safety for regions and countries. A booklet entitled "Health Information for International Travel" (HHS publication number CDC-95-8280) is available from the U.S.

Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, tel. (202) 512-1800. Further Electronic Information Department of State Web Site. Available on the Internet at , the Department of State web site provides timely, global access to official U.S. foreign policy information, including Background Notes and daily press briefings along with the directory of key officers of Foreign Service posts and more. The Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) provides security information and regional news that impact U.S. companies working abroad through its website Export.gov provides a portal to all export-related assistance and market information offered by the federal government and provides trade leads, free export counseling, help with the export process, and more. STAT-USA/Internet , a service of the U.S. Department of Commerce, provides authoritative economic, business, and international trade information from the Federal government. The site includes current and historical trade-related releases, international market research, trade opportunities, and country analysis and provides access to the National Trade Data Bank . Revised: Jun. 2007 Monaco, Monaco - Xpatulator cost of living Monaco, Monaco Overview Monaco is a small sovereign city-state.

Monaco is the name of the country as well as the name of its only and capital city. Monaco is in Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy. The climate is mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The official language is French. English and Italian are widely spoken. Some people also speak Monegasque and Occitan (local languages). The main religion is Christianity. Monaco is the second smallest country in the world; only Vatican City is smaller. It is regarded as a tax haven, and many of its inhabitants are wealthy and from foreign countries. One of Monaco's main sources of income is tourism; each year many are attracted to its casino and pleasant climate. Monaco levies no income tax on individuals. The absence of a personal income tax in the principality has attracted to it a considerable number of wealthy "tax refugee" residents from European countries who derive the majority of their income from activity outside Monaco. Monaco culture is very similar to French. Although small, the principality is not insular and locals are generally welcoming of visitors. Business is generally conducted in formal and conservative manner. Expatriate business dress typically comprises suits with ties.

The security risk for expatriates in Monaco is low. Risks include low levels of opportunistic street crime and petty theft. The currency of Monaco is the Euro (EUR). Banking is on a par with the rest of Western Europe and North America. Monaco is not a member of the European Union. Medical facilities are excellent, however the cost of treatment for expatriates is high. The population of Monaco is 37800 (2016 est.), while the inflation rate is 0.6% (Nov 2016). Cost Of Living The cost of living for expatriates / professional migrants in Monaco as at 1 January 2017 is very high in comparison to other places in the world.

In Monaco, the cost of each basket, based on local prices, compared to the international average, is categorized follows (Exact cost of living percentages only available in personalised reports): 1) Alcohol (where available) & Tobacco: Low 2) Clothing: Very High 10) Personal Care: Very High 11) Recreation & Culture: Very High 12) Restaurants Meals Out and Hotels: Very High 13) Transport: High Monaco is for example 16.6% more expensive than USA for groceries, 141.5% more expensive for household costs than UK, and 93% more expensive for transport costs than India. Monaco is ranked as a minimal hardship location. The hardship premium for Monaco for an expat from Australia, is for example 0%, i.e. host location (Monaco) premium of 10% minus home (Australia) location premium of 10%. Want to know more about cost of living, hardship (quality of living) or expat salary in Monaco? Register subscribe to your home location and Monaco and run your personalised reports.

Question: Also the name of the local dialect, what is the term for an inhabitant of Monaco?
Answer: Monegasque