Until 1903 Coca Cola continued about 60 mg of cocaine per 8 - PSYC - 3082 View Full Document -Until 1903, Coca-Cola continued about 60 mg of cocaine per 8 ounce serving 2. Like amphetamines, small amounts of cocaine increases alertness, euphoria, blood pressure and pulse, and causes insomnia and loss of appetite. The effects of cocaine are short-lived. a. Cocaine and crack cocaine may adversely affect fetuses -Complicated- most cocaine and crack using mothers use several other drugs and often come from disruptive home environments. 3. Many thought that cocaine was not addictive, but we know that this is not the case. Cocaine dependence develops slowly, and typically people only find that they have a growing inability to resist taking more. Few short-term negative effects are noticed initially, but with continued use sleep is disrupted, higher doses are required, and paranoia and other symptoms set it. Cocaine abusers go through patterns of tolerance and withdrawal comparable to abusers of other psychoactive substances. D. Nicotine use disorders 1.

Nicotine , named after Jean Nicot who introduced tobacco to the French court in the 16 th century, is what gives smoking its pleasurable qualities. -About 30% of all Americans smoke, which is down from the 42.4% who were smokers in 1965. 2. DSM-IV-TR does not describe an intoxication pattern for nicotine, but rather includes withdrawal symptoms such as depressed mood, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness and increased appetite and weight gain. 3. Nicotine in small doses stimulates the central nervous system, but may also relieve stress and improve mood. It can also cause high blood pressure, heart disease, and cancer. High doses can blur vision, cause confusion, lead to convulsions, and sometimes death. a. Overwhelming evidence indicates that nicotine is addictive. -Related to depression, anxiety and anger -Severe depression occurs more often among people with nicotine dependence E. Caffeine use disorders This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document 1. Caffeine is called the “gentle stimulant” and is used regularly by 90% of Americans.

This drug is found in tea, coffee, cola drinks, and cocoa products. In small doses, caffeine can elevate mood and reduce fatigue, but larger doses can produce jitteriness and insomnia. 2. Regular caffeine use can result in tolerance and dependence. Withdrawal symptoms include headaches, drowsiness, and a generally unpleasant mood. V. Opiods A. The word opiate refers to the natural chemical in the opium poppy that has a narcotic effect – relieve pain and induce sleep O piods – Family of substances that include natural opiates, synthetic variations (i.e. methadone), and comparable substances that occur naturally in the brain. 1. Opiates induce euphoria, drowsiness, and slowed breathing. -High doses can lead to death if respiration is completely depressed -Opiates are also analgesics-help relieve pain 2. Withdrawal symptoms include excessive yawning, nausea and vomiting, chills, muscle aches, diarrhea, and insomnia that may disrupt work, school, and social functioning. Such symptoms can persist for 1 to 3 days, and withdrawal usually runs its course in about 1 week. 3. This is the end of the preview.

Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM CHAPTER FOURTEEN DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS I. What is Normal? What is Abnormal? A. Deve Absnormalpsych14 Does Coca-Cola Contain Cocaine? | Cocaine in Coke Does Coca-Cola Contain Cocaine? By Elizabeth Palermo, Associate Editor | December 16, 2013 11:27am ET MORE Credit: The Coca-Cola Company There's nothing quite like the sugary rush that accompanies a cold glass of Coca-Cola — but did you know that the aptly named Coke used to deliver an even bigger kick? Until 1903, the world-famous soft drink contained a significant dose of cocaine. While the Coca-Cola Company officially denies the presence of cocaine in any of its products — past or present — historical evidence suggests that the original Coca-Cola did, in fact, contain cocaine . Coca-Cola was first created in 1886 by Atlanta pharmacist John Pemberton, who modeled his beverage after a then-popular French refreshment, coca wine, made by mixing coca-leaf extract with Bordeaux wine.

To avoid liquor regulations, Pemberton chose to mix his coca-leaf extract with sugar syrup instead of wine. He also added kola-nut extract, lending Coca-Cola the second half of its name, as well as an extra jolt of caffeine. [ 6 Party Drugs That May Have Health Benefits ] While cocaine-infused beverages may seem far-fetched to modern readers, these drinks were quite common in the late 19th century. Cocaine was not made illegal in the United States until 1914, and until then, the substance had a variety of (sometimes questionable) medical uses. Cocaine tonics, powders and pills were popularly believed to cure a variety of ailments, from headache and fatigue to constipation, nausea, asthma and impotence. But by 1903, the tide of public opinion had turned against the widely used and abused narcotic, leading the Coca-Cola Company's then-manager, Asa Griggs Candler, to remove nearly all cocaine from the company's beverages. But Coke wouldn't become completely cocaine-free until 1929, when scientists perfected the process of removing all psychoactive elements from coca-leaf extract.

While the modern-day recipe for Coca-Cola is a highly prized company secret, there is reason to believe that the beverage still contains the same non-narcotic coca-leaf extract that it did in 1929. According to The New York Times , the Coca-Cola Company was continuing to import coca leaves from Peru and Bolivia until at least the late 1980s. The Court found that the word had no clear connection to Coke - LAW - 3000 View Full Document Supreme Court refused relief, concluding that Dope was not a sufficiently descriptive term. The Court found that the word had no clear connection to Coke. The name “Coke” was not registered as a trademark until 1945. What, if any, harm could the Coca-Cola Company have suffered as a result of the Koke Company’s use of the Name “Koke” to market its products? The use of the name “Koke” may have created confusion in the mind of customers who could not distinguish “Koke” from “Coca-Cola.” Such confusion could result in lost sales for Coca-Cola. Confusion could also damage the reputation and goodwill associated with the Coca-Cola Company.

Suppose that the trial court had found that 25 percent of all adult Coca-Cola drinkers believed that Coca-Cola contained cocaine, despite the fact that cocaine was not listed among the soft drink’s ingredients. In that situation, should the court deny Coca-Cola’s request for an injunction against Koke? Probably not. Proving that many customers have a mistaken belief regarding a product is not the same as proving that the seller has fraudulently misrepresented the product. Should the principles applied in this case to the confusingly similar product This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document of a domestic manufacturer also apply to the goods of foreign producers? Why or why not? Yes, particularly if they are sold in the United States, where those principles apply under the law, and especially now, when products are easily imported, often at lower prices than similar goods can be obtained domestically, the same rules should be applied to all goods to insure a “level playing field” in the marketplace. No, different rules should apply to products made in different places, particularly if they are not sold in the United States or in any other locale in which those principles might apply, and with due consideration to the cultural and economic characteristics of those locales.

A NSWER TO “W HAT I F THE F ACTS W ERE D IFFERENT ?” IN C ASE 8.1 Suppose that Coca-Cola had been trying to make the public believe that its product contained cocaine. Would the result in the case likely have been different? Yes. The product in this case did not actually contain cocaine. To advertise that it did would be to commit fraud. A court will refuse to grant relief to a complaining party who commits fraud. A. S TATUTORY P ROTECTION OF T RADEMARKS 1.Trademark Dilution Statutory protection of trademarks and related property is provided at the federal level by the Lanham Trademark Act of 1946 (amended by the Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1995), which incorporates the common law of trademarks. Many states also have trademark statutes. The dilution cause of action protects certain This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Chapter 10 Title:BusLawSeal.eps Creator:Adobe Illustrator(R)13.0 Preview:ThisEPS pict lecture notes ch.

10 To this day, Coca-Cola still imports coca leaves which are used to manufacture cocaine in the United States - NaturalNews.com To this day, Coca-Cola still imports coca leaves which are used to manufacture cocaine in the United States Thursday, June 09, 2011 Tags: Coca-Cola , cocaine , health news (NaturalNews) Coca leaves have been chewed and consumed as tea for thousands of years in the high Andes. They are rich in many essential nutrients; they ease respiratory and digestive distress and are a natural stimulant and painkiller. Indigenous tradition and scientific studies have both confirmed that in their natural form, the leaves are completely safe and non-addictive -- it takes intensive processing and toxic chemical ingredients to produce cocaine. That's why more and more coca-containing products have started to hit the market in Andean countries in the past few years. Yet the United States still aggressively pursues an eradication policy that encourages Andean governments to spray their forests with toxic chemicals to eliminate this medicinal crop. It is illegal to import or possess the leaves under U.S. law -- unless you're the Coca-Cola company.

In an effort to preserve the traditional flavor of the best-selling drink, the company long ago convinced the U.S. government to exempt it from the law. (Coca-Cola, by the way, used to literally contain cocaine in its original formula. The practice was halted in 1903, but the name persisted. The "coca" part of "coca-cola" is derived from the coca plant, and the "kola" comes from the kola nut which also flavored the original beverage.) The secret history of Coca-Cola, coca leaves and cocaine Coca-Cola is the only U.S. corporation that has been granted the right to legally import coca leaves into the United States, via a coca processing lab known as the Stepan Company). In 1922, the Jones-Miller Act banned cocaine imports into the United States, but Coca-Cola (and its lab) was granted an exception. This exception remained a secret until the late 1980's when the New York Times seemed shocked to discover the truth.

As the New York Times published in 1988 ( ) This week, details of how Coca-Cola obtains the coca and how it is processed emerged from interviews with Government officials and scientists involved in drug research programs. They identified the Illinois-based Stepan Company as the importer and processor of the coca used in Coke. After Stepan officials acknowledged their ties to Coca-Cola, the soft drink giant confirmed those details of its operations. In a telephone interview from Coca-Cola's Atlanta headquarters, Randy Donaldson, a company spokesman, said, ''Ingredients from the coca leaf are used, but there is no cocaine in it and it is all tightly overseen by regulatory authorities.'' 100 tons of cocaine ingredients each year - let's do the math Approximately 100 metric tons of coca leaves are imported to the Stepan Company each year ( ) under "special permission" from the DEA . Keep all this in mind when you consider the total fraud of the current "War on Drugs" and how young African American men are given ten-year prison sentences for pot possession while one of the largest corporations in America is actually importing leaves that are used to manufacture cocaine.

Once the coca leaves are imported into the USA under these special permissions from the DEA, the cocaine is extracted out of the coca leaves. Coca-Cola doesn't use the cocaine, you see. There is no cocaine in Coca-Cola today. This brings up an obvious question: Where does all the white powder cocaine go if not to Coca-Cola? It turns out that this cocaine is sold to a St. Louis company called Mallinckrodt Incorporated. Mallinckrodt receives not only all the cocaine from the Coca-Cola imports, but also imports opium from India ( ). In addition, this company also buys THC extracted from marijuana grown in the United States. So much for the War on Drugs, huh? It turns out if you buddy up to the DEA and federal regulators, you can make all the cocaine you want while buying opium and marijuana by the ton -- as long as you're a powerful corporation with ties to Coca-Cola and other wealthy organizations. More than a quarter ton of cocaine for "medicinal" use? It's a reasonable question to wonder where all this cocaine and opium ends up going after it arrives at Mallinckrodt.

The official explanation is that it's for "medical use." But let's do the math on this and see if that explanation holds water. According to various websites that are readily found in any search engine, it takes roughly 300 grams of coca leaves to produce 1 gram of refined cocaine. This means that 100 metric tons of coca leaves (100 x 1000 kilograms, or 100,000 kilograms) can produce roughly 333 kilos of cocaine each year. Ask around... That's a lot of cocaine. Remember, too, that these are 333 kilos of cocaine approved by the DEA -- an agency which claims to be fighting a "war on drugs" but somehow grants immunity to Coca-Cola suppliers who are literally manufacturing hundreds of kilos of cocaine each year. All this brings up the obvious question: What is the Mallinckrodt company doing with 333 kilos of cocaine each year? Throwing a big annual Christmas party or something?

It is impossible to imagine that 333 kilos of cocaine are being used for "medical purposes" unless you have a very loose definition of "medical purposes." Although this is pure conjecture, I wouldn't be surprised to learn if a significant portion of this was handed out to top DEA officials as bribes to pay them off and keep the cocaine operation running. Enough lines of cocaine for the entire U.S. Congress! Continuing with the math, 333 kilos is (obviously) 333,000 grams of cocaine. How much cocaine is that, exactly? Well, according to TheGoodDrugsGuide.com, a typical "line" of cocaine (a "line" is what a typical user will inhale to ingest the cocaine) contains 50 - 75mg, or roughly 1/20th of a gram ( ). This means that each gram of cocaine is enough to make up to 20 "lines" of cocaine, give or take, depending on how crazy you and your friends are.

Multiply that by the 333,000 grams of cocaine that could be produced from the 100 metric tons of cocaine leaves being imported into the USA each year, and you come to the astonishing realization that the coca leaves imported for the benefit of the Coca-Cola company can be processed into the equivalent of 6.66 million lines of cocaine each year! Here's the math again (calculations are all rounded for the sake of convenience, so they're just rough estimates): 100 metric tons of coca leaves = 100,000 kilograms of coca leaves 100,000 kilograms of coca leaves produces 333 kilograms of cocaine 333 kilograms equals 333,000 grams 333,000 grams of cocaine can be divided into 6.66 million "lines" of cocaine P.S. According to Wiki Answers, 333,000 grams of cocaine is worth roughly $16.7 million on the street (at $50 a gram).

It strains the limits of believability to think that 333,000 grams of cocaine are being used for "medical purposes" in America. How and where are 333,000 grams of cocaine being used for "medical purposes?" I mean, have you ever gone to your doctor and watched him write a prescription for cocaine? Nope. This seemingly leaves only three possibilities for where all this cocaine is going: Possibility #1) The Mallinckrodt company might be stockpiling massive amounts of cocaine each year, perhaps dwarfing Disneyland's "Space Mountain" ride. Possibility #2) The Mallinckrodt company might be somehow destroying massive amounts of cocaine each year. (But human greed probably prevents this from happening, given that this white power is so darned valuable...) Possibility #3) The Mallinckrodt company might be "losing track" of massive amounts of cocaine each year (i.e. is disappears out the back door and into the hands of DEA agents and politicians who keep the whole operation "legal"). This is one case where brown-nosing the DEA leaves a thin layer of white dust on your nose, too.

Or hey, maybe all this cocaine is being quietly distributed to all the doctors and pharmacists who are chronically addicted to drugs themselves -- it's a huge percentage of the medical workforce because they have access to drugs on a day-to-day basis and they think they need a pharmaceutical kick to survive their long work hours. 6.66 million lines of cocaine is enough to keep a few thousand pharmacists churning away, filling high-profit prescriptions for painkillers and psychiatric drugs that turn everybody else into addicts, too. Learn more amazing facts about food in our downloadable FREE report This true story about Coca-Cola is just one of the amazing facts you'll read in our FREE downloadable report, 25 Amazing Facts About Food, authored by Mike Adams and David Guiterrez. Learn surprising things about where your food comes from and what's really in it! Download the full report (FREE) by clicking here . Inside, you'll learn 24 more amazing but true facts about foods, beverages and food ingredients. Instant download of the complete PDF. Already downloaded by thousands of readers with a lot of positive feedback.

Big Pharma has a long history of manufacturing cocaine Interesting historical fact: At the turn of the 20th century, many giants of the pharmaceutical industry were manufacturing cocaine. These companies included Parke, Davis, Merck and Squibb. Merck, the present-day manufacturer of Gardasil vaccines, dominated the cocaine market. (Source: Andean cocaine: the making of a global drug, by Paul Gootenberg). It just goes to show you that drug companies don't really care much about what they're selling you as long as it makes them a profit. Your doctor is your dealer, and Big Pharma is his hook-up. Non-GMO, Certified Organic Survival Food from the Health Ranger The industry's only clean, lab tested and certified organic instant meals. Coca-Cola facing huge class action lawsuit over alleged false claims for Vitaminwater About the author: Mike Adams (aka the " Health Ranger ") is a best selling author (#1 best selling science book on Amazon.com) and a globally recognized scientific researcher in clean foods. He serves as the founding editor of NaturalNews.com and the lab science director of an internationally accredited (ISO 17025) analytical laboratory known as CWC Labs .

There, he was awarded a Certificate of Excellence for achieving extremely high accuracy in the analysis of toxic elements in unknown water samples using ICP-MS instrumentation. Adams is also highly proficient in running liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and mass spectrometry time-of-flight analytical instrumentation. Adams is a person of color whose ancestors include Africans and Native American Indians. He's also of Native American heritage , which he credits as inspiring his "Health Ranger" passion for protecting life and nature against the destruction caused by chemicals, heavy metals and other forms of pollution. Adams is the founder and publisher of the open source science journal Natural Science Journal , the author of numerous peer-reviewed science papers published by the journal, and the author of the world's first book that published ICP-MS heavy metals analysis results for foods, dietary supplements, pet food, spices and fast food. The book is entitled Food Forensics and is published by BenBella Books. Cocaine History Vicodin History of Cocaine Cocaine in its various forms is derived from the coca plant which is native to the high mountain ranges of South America. The coca leaves were used by natives of this region and acted upon the user as a stimulant.

The stimulating effects of the drug increase breathing which increases oxygen intake. This afforded native laborers of the region the stamina to perform their duties in the thin air at high altitudes. In time, science figured out how to maximize the strength and effect of the drug contained in the coca leaves. Through chemically synthesizing the coca leaves the white crystal powder we have come to know as cocaine was created. As time passed newer methods to magnify the euphoric effects of the drug were invented which has led us to the most potent and addictive form of the drug, Crack Cocaine . Crack cocaine is the most popularly used version of cocaine today. Smoking cocaine rocks began in the late 1970’s. Rocking-up cocaine powder and smoking it was originally the method developed so distributors of cocaine could test the purity of the drug before it was purchased from the manufacturers. Crack has destroyed millions of lives since it was first introduced to the streets of America. Crack is a relatively new drug on the scene compared to drugs like opium or heroin; nonetheless, it has been part of our history and culture for nearly 150 years. Cocaine’s Role in American History Cocaine was first synthesized in 1855.

It was not until 1880, however, that its effects were recognized by the medical world. Cocaine toothache drops advertisement, 1885 The first recognized authority and advocate for this drug was world famous psychologist, Sigmund Freud. Early in his career, Freud broadly promoted cocaine as a safe and useful tonic that could cure depression and sexual impotence. Cocaine got a further boost in acceptability when in 1886 John Pemberton included cocaine as the main ingredient in his new soft drink, Coca Cola. It was cocaine’s euphoric and energizing effects on the consumer that was mostly responsible for skyrocketing Coca Cola into its place as the most popular soft drink in history. From the 1850’s to the early 1900’s, cocaine- and opium-laced elixirs, tonics and wines were broadly used by people of all social classes. This is a fact that is for the most part hidden in American history. The truth is that at this time there was a large drug culture affecting a broad sector of American society. Other famous people that promoted the “miraculous” effects of cocaine elixirs were Thomas Edison and actress Sarah Bernhart.

Because there were no restrictions placed on acquiring these drugs in the early 1900’s, narcotics were an acceptable way of life for a large number of people, many of whom were people of stature. Cocaine was a mainstay in the silent film industry. The pro-drug messages coming out of Hollywood at this time were receiving international attention which influenced the attitudes of millions of people about cocaine. As a rule, famous people are role models that can and do influence the masses. Star power has proven time and again to be the most potent form of advertising. Think about it: The world’s most famous psychologist; the man that invented the light bulb; a stable of Hollywood silent film stars; and the inventor of the most popular soft drink in history - all on the pro-cocaine bandwagon. All promoting the drug’s positive effects. Some did it through personal testimonials that ran in printed pages across the nation. Others (in particular the silent film stars) promoted cocaine’s acceptability through the examples they set by their well-publicized life styles. In the same way as other narcotics like opium and heroin during this time, cocaine also began to be used as an active ingredient in a variety of “cure all” tonics and beverages.

In many of the tonics that drug companies were producing at this time, cocaine would be mixed with opiates and administered freely to old and young alike. It wasn’t until some years later that the dangers of these drugs became apparent. In fact, it was the negative side effects of habitual cocaine use that was responsible for coining the phrase, “dope fiend”. This terminology came about because of the behavior of a person abusing cocaine for prolonged periods of time. Because cocaine is such a powerful stimulant, prolonged daily use of the drug creates severe sleep deprivation and loss of appetite. A person might go days or sometimes weeks without sleeping or eating properly. The user often experiences psychotic behavior. Cocaine addicts hallucinate and become delusional. Coming down from the drug causes a severe state of depression for the person in withdrawal. This person can then become so desperate for more of the drug that they will do just about anything to get more of it, including murder. If the drug is not readily available, the depression one experiences in withdrawal can become so great the user will sometimes become suicidal. It is because of this heinous effect on the user that the word “fiend” became associated with cocaine addiction.

Over the course of the next several years the American majority became more and more aware of the dangers of cocaine. As the severity of this problem became more and more apparent, concern mounted to an eventual public outcry to ban the social use of cocaine. This public pressure forced Pemberton to remove cocaine from Coca Cola in 1903. Eventually the public pressure became so great as to place a national prohibition on cocaine. The country’s legislators took notice, and in 1920 cocaine was added to the list of narcotics to be outlawed by the passing of The Dangerous Drug Act of 1920. Unfortunately, as with the opiates like heroin, the dangers of cocaine abuse were recognized by law makers after the fact. The market for cocaine had already been established and was deeply entrenched into American history and culture and is with us today. Why We Took Cocaine Out of Soda - The Atlantic The Atlantic Why We Took Cocaine Out of Soda Most Popular 1894 ad for Vin Mariani, art by Jules Cheret When cocaine and alcohol meet inside a person, they create a third unique drug called cocaethylene. Cocaethylene works like cocaine, but with more euphoria .

So in 1863, when Parisian chemist Angelo Mariani combined coca and wine and started selling it, a butterfly did flap its wings. His Vin Marian became extremely popular. Jules Verne, Alexander Dumas, and Arthur Conan Doyle were among literary figures said to have used it, and the chief rabbi of France said , "Praise be to Mariani's wine!" Pope Leo XIII reportedly carried a flask of it regularly and gave Mariani a medal. Seeing this commercial success, Dr. John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta -- himself a morphine addict following an injury in the Civil War -- set out to make his own version. He called it Pemberton's French Wine Coca and marketed it as a panacea. Among many fantastic claims, he called it " a most wonderful invigorator of sexual organs ." But as Pemberton's business started to take off, a prohibition was passed in his county in Georgia (a local one that predated the 18th Amendment by 34 years). Soon French Wine Coca was illegal -- because of the alcohol, not the cocaine. Pemberton remained a step ahead, though. He replaced the wine in the formula with (healthier?) sugar syrup.

His new product debuted in 1886: "Coca-Cola: The temperance drink." After that, as Grace Elizabeth Hale recounted recently in the The New York Times , Coca-Cola "quickly caught on as an 'intellectual beverage' among well-off whites." But when the company started selling it in bottles in 1899, minorities who couldn't get into the segregated soda fountains suddenly had access to it. Hale explains: Anyone with a nickel, black or white, could now drink the cocaine-infused beverage. Middle-class whites worried that soft drinks were contributing to what they saw as exploding cocaine use among African-Americans. Southern newspapers reported that "negro cocaine fiends" were raping white women, the police powerless to stop them. By 1903, [then-manager of Coca-Cola Asa Griggs] Candler had bowed to white fears (and a wave of anti-narcotics legislation), removing the cocaine and adding more sugar and caffeine. Hale's account of the role of racism and social injustice in Coca-Cola's removal of coca is corroborated by the attitudes that the shaped subsequent U.S. cocaine regulation movement.

Cocaine wasn't even illegal until 1914 -- 11 years after Coca-Cola's change -- but a massive surge in cocaine use was at its peak at the turn of the century. Recreational use increased five-fold in a period of less than two decades. During that time, racially oriented arguments about rape and other violence, and social effects more so than physical health concerns, came to shape the discussion. The same hypersexuality that was touted as a selling point during the short-lived glory days of Vin Mariani was now a crux of cocaine's bigoted indictment. U.S. State Department official Dr. Hamilton Wright said in 1910 , "The use of cocaine by the negroes of the South is one of the most elusive and troublesome questions which confront the enforcement of the law ... often the direct incentive to the crime of rape by the negroes." Dr. Edward Williams described in the Medical Standard in 1914, "The negro who has become a cocaine-doper is a constant menace to his community. His whole nature is changed for the worse ... timid negroes develop a degree of 'Dutch courage' which is sometimes almost incredible." Yes, even the Dutch were not spared from the racism.

The Coca-Cola we know today still contains coca -- but the ecgonine alkaloid is removed from it. Perfecting that extraction took until 1929, so before that there were still trace amounts of coca's psychoactive elements in Coca-Cola. As Dominic Streatfield describes in Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography , the extraction is now done at a New Jersey chemical processing facility by a company called Stepan. In 2003, Stepan imported 175,000 kilograms of coca for Coca-Cola. That's enough to make more than $200 million worth of cocaine. They refer to the coca leaf extract simply as "Merchandise No. 5." The facility is guarded. What Is Coke Made Of? | LEAFtv Home > Eat Well > Cocktails > What Is Coke Made Of? What Is Coke Made Of? By Kofi Bofah Coca-Cola is one of the world’s most recognized brands, and the famous drink carries a distinct flavor recognized by people from all corners of the earth. Coke is made from concentrate, which is shipped to Coca-Cola bottling companies that actually process the drink.

Although some of Coke’s ingredients are well-known, the exact formula for making this soft drink remains a heavily guarded trade secret. Concentrate The Coca-Cola Corporation produces and sells concentrate to independent bottlers, beverage distributors and large restaurants. This concentrate is then mixed with a paste of sugar and filtered water, prior to being carbonated to create “fizz.” The Coke product is then ready to be bottled, packaged and sold as two-liter or fountain drinks. Coca Leaf Coca-Cola has its roots as a “medicine” that was marketed as a cure for headaches and morphine addiction. The coca plant, alongside the kola nut, served as the primary stimulants for the alleged medical qualities of the drink from its very beginning. Until 1903, one serving of Coca-Cola contained small amounts of cocaine–the natural coca leaf byproduct. Today, Coca-Cola uses coca leaves for flavoring that have already completed the cocaine extraction process. Technology allows the removal of all traces of cocaine from the coca leaf, prior to making the Coca-Cola concentrate. Kola Nut The bitter-tasting kola nut supplies Coca-Cola with caffeine.

The National Institutes of Health describes caffeine as a stimulant, which “makes you more alert and gives you a boost of energy.” Caffeine does carry side effects, such as elevated heart rates and irritability due to withdrawal. Coca-Cola soft drink nutrition information indicates that one can of Coca-Cola classic contains 23 milligrams of caffeine. Sugar, Acid and Additional Flavoring Besides water, sugar is the most heavily used ingredient in the Coke mix in terms of volume. One can of Coke contains roughly 35 grams, or 8 teaspoons, of sugar. Coca-Cola is sweetened with pure cane sugar or high-fructose corn syrup, according to where the drink is actually produced. American consumers drink Coke Classic made of high-fructose corn syrup, which is cheaper to acquire and transport within temperate climates. Phosphoric acid is an added chemical that provides “kick,” or a sharp and sour taste. Coca-Cola is also made of caramel and “additional flavors,” many of which remain heavily guarded components of the secret formula. Competing cola drinks are known to feature vanilla, lime and nutmeg for extra flavoring. Formula The actual formula for making Coke is stored within a bank vault of Sun Trust Bank in Atlanta, Georgia.

Sun Trust holds the original copy, and the only written record pertaining to the drink’s exact production that remains in existence. Only two Coca-Cola executives are granted access to the vault and the secret formula at any one time. References and Resources ethnobotany09 - Soft-Drinks(Kola Nut) Soft-Drinks(Kola Nut) Export (PDF) Soft Drinks (Kola Nut) Soft Drinks also known as soda, pop, or tonic have become one of the most consumed beverages world wide. Soft Drinks come in many different flavors, brands, and qualities but all have been inspired by Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola has been described as an "All-American" drink, having its origins in the United States and its brand being recognized world wide in association with the United States. Kola Tree's Leaves and Nuts Kingdom Species Cola nitida The Sterculioideae subfamily of which the Kola Nut is a part of consists of 24 different species they include: Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl. Cola clavata Mast. Cola welwitschii Exell & Mendonça ex R.Germ.

Heritiera littoralis Aiton Kola Tree has white to yellow flower blossoms with spots that range from red to purple Hildegardia migeodii (Exell) Kosterm. Sterculia tragacantha Lindl. Kola Tree (Cola nitida) The kola nut, or bitter cola, (Cola vera, Cola acuminata, Cola nitida) is a seed part from a tree from the Sterculioieae family. The trees are native to Central and Western Africa, but are now found in the West Indies and Brazil, where they were introduced by African slaves. All three species are used as a stimulant and are prepared in the same manner. The kola tree grows to approximately 40 ft (12 m) in height, and has white to yellow flowers with spots that range from red to purple. The kola tree's leaves are 6–8 in long (15–20 cm) and the tree bears fruit that is shaped like a star. Inside the fruit, about a dozen round or square seeds can be found in a white seed shell. Chemistry Of Kola Nut The primary active chemicals in kola nut are caffeine and theobromine.

They can be found in all parts of the plant, but are found in their highest concentrations in the nuts (seeds). Caffeine is a mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, foods, drinks, etcetera. For most people, caffeine will stimulate the central nervous system and improve mental alertness, as well as reducing physical fatigue and appetite. Theobromine produces stimulant effects similar those of caffeine, but it is milder. Caffeine and other stimulants may cause people with ADD to feel calm or sleepy. The amount of caffeine in kola nut can vary, depending on the species. Concentrations of 2.0%-3.5% caffeine are common in kola nuts from Cola acuminata and Cola nitida (the species most often consumed). The amount of theobromine in these species is almost always somewhere near 1.0%, or a bit less. Other chemicals found in kola nut include betaine and theophylline, both are similar to caffeine in chemical structural and effect. Kola nut was one of the original ingredients in coca-cola. It was utilized for the taste and caffeine content it added.

Until the early 1900's, fresh coca leaves were also an ingredient in coca-cola. The coca leaves were added for their taste and stimulant effect (coca leaves contain cocaine). The Original Coca-Cola The Debut Dr. John Styth Pemberton, and Atlanta, Georgian pharmacist, invented the first Coca-Cola in May of 1886. He made the baverage by using carbonated water, caramel (coloring), an extract from coca leaves, and an extract from the powdered kola seeds. Other ingredients, included sugar, vanilla, cinnamon, and lime juice. The original formula of Dr. Pemberton is a highly guarded secret that is locked in an Atlanta bank vault. Originally cocaine was present in Coca-Cola however after 1903 the cocaine has been removed before the extracts are added. Until 1905, the soft drink, marketed as a tonic, contained extracts of cocaine as well as the caffeine-rich kola nut. In 1887, another Atlanta pharmacist and businessman, Asa Candler bought the formula for Coca Cola from inventor John Pemberton for $2,300.

By the late 1890s, Coca Cola was one of America's most popular fountain drinks, largely due to Candler's aggressive marketing of the product. With Asa Candler, now at the helm, the Coca Cola Company increased syrup sales by over 4000% between 1890 and 1900. Coca-Cola Today As the world's largest manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, operating in more than 200 countries, the firm supplies many products in addition to its flagship brand. These include fruit-based and other carbonated beverages tailored to local tastes as well as newer variants of the main brand, such as Diet, Cherry, and Vanilla Coke. Although the company did experiment with diversification in recent decades (for example, motion pictures, coffee, and wine), current corporate strategy has emphasized the nonalcoholic beverage market. Although carbonated beverages represented 85 percent of worldwide sales volume in 2002, increased market share for the Coke products Dasani bottled water, POWERade sports drink, and Minute Maid orange juice have demonstrated growth in the non-carbonated sector.

The average consumption of Coca-Cola world wide in 1996 Health Problems Soft Drinks do not have sufficient nutritional value and as even been described as "liquid candy." Only in recent history have people realized the negative effects too much soft-drink levels can have on the human body. Excessive soft-drink consumption has been linked to diseases like obesity and diabetes. In America especially as shown by the above map, consume too many soft-drinks and drink less milk and water, which are needed by the human body to remain healthy. When Was Coca Cola Invented When Was Coca Cola Invented 22 Apr, 2010 when was 0 Coca-cola (often called coke, cola or pop) is a very popular soft drink sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines all over the world. But when was Coca Cola invented? This post will answer that question and then tell you some interesting facts about Coca Cola. When Was Coca Cola Invented? Coca Cola was invented by John Pemberton in 1885. The current recipe for Coca Cola is very similar to that invented by John Pemberton.

However, it is no longer contains cocaine (a stimulant used in Coke until 1903). The exact recipe is still a mystery, although some have come up with recipes that taste very similar to Coca Cola. Interesting Facts About Coca Cola Coca Cola Light Sango is a variety of Coke available only in France and Belgium. Caffeine-Free Coca Cola was first released in 1983. A study with rats showed that those who consumed Coca Cola had a higher rate of tumors. New Coke (or Coca Cola II) was launched in 1985. It was designed to replace the original Coca Cola. However, so many people liked the original flavor that the Coca Cola Company was forced to bring it back! New Coke was discontinued in 2002, although it is still available in Yap and American Samoa. Other Inventions

Question: Until 1903, what stimulant was added to Coca-Cola?
Answer: Cocaine