Hazzan | Religion-wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia e A hazzan or chazzan ( Hebrew : חַזָּן‎ ħazzān, Modern Hebrew hazan, Yiddish khazn) is a Jewish cantor, a musician trained in the vocal arts who helps lead the congregation in songful prayer . [1] There are many rules relating to how a cantor should lead services, but the idea of a cantor as a paid professional does not exist in classical rabbinic sources. The Jewish prayer services have their own entry; the prayers in these services are collected in a prayerbook known as the siddur . The person leading the congregation in public prayers is called the shaliach tzibbur ( Hebrew for "emissary of the congregation"). Traditional Jewish law restricts the role to Jewish males over the age of 13; the non- Orthodox Jewish movements allow women over the age of 12 to have this role as well. Reform Judaism , Conservative Judaism , and Reconstructionist Judaism invest both men and women cantors as full clergy . See also: Cantor in Reform Judaism .

In theory, any lay person can be a shaliach tzibbur; most synagogue attending Jews will serve in this role every now and again. In practice, those with the best voice and the most knowledge of the prayers serve much more often. Contents [ show ] Growing importance of the office The office of the hazzan increased in importance with the centuries. As public worship was developed in the Geonic period, and as the knowledge of the Hebrew language declined, singing gradually superseded the didactic and hortatory element in the worship in the synagogue. This is not necessarily true today, particularly in the world of Orthodox Jews, where the role of the hazzan has diminished substantially. Where congregants are more fluent in their ability to read the text, understand the words and perform the basic melodies, the position of hazzan increasingly has become seen as superfluous; prayers, when sung, more often follow the mode of communal folk singing. Those who are inclined to see artistic synagogue music as a hallmark of Jewish culture and artistry have cited its lowered emphasis as a loss of tradition.

Others argue that the focus of the Synagogue service should be on the prayers of the congregants and not on cantorial, concert performances, especially when the latter may be distracting to the former. Qualifications Even in the oldest times the chief qualifications demanded of the hazzan, in addition to knowledge of Biblical and liturgical literature as well as the prayer motifs (known as "steiger"), were a pleasant voice and an artistic delivery; for the sake of these, many faults were willingly overlooked. The hazzan was required to possess a pleasing appearance, to be married, and to have a flowing beard. Sometimes, according to Isaac of Vienna (13th century), a young hazzan having only a slight growth of beard was tolerated. Maimonides decided that the hazzan who recited the prayers on an ordinary Sabbath and on week-days need not possess an appearance pleasing to everybody; he might even have a reputation not wholly spotless, provided he was living a life morally free from reproach at the time of his appointment.

But all these moderations of the rule disappeared on holidays; then an especially worthy hazzan was demanded, one whose life was absolutely irreproachable, who was generally popular, and who was endowed with an expressive delivery. Even a person who had once litigated in a non-Jewish court, instead of to a Jewish court, in a disputed question could not act as hazzan on those days, unless he had previously done penance. [2] However many authorities were lenient in this regard and as long as a cantor was "merutzeh l'kehal" desired by the congregation, he was permitted to lead the prayers even on the holiest of days. Today, a hazzan, particularly in more formal (usually not Orthodox) synagogues, is likely to have academic credentials, most often a degree in Music or in Sacred Music, sometimes a degree in Music Education or in Jewish Religious Education or a related discipline. The Doctor of Music degree is sometimes awarded to honour a hazzan. Although traditionally cantors were always men, women equally serve this role in the more liberal branches of Judaism.

Betty Robbins was possibly the first female cantor in 1955 [3] though Barbara Ostfeld is usually given that distinction since her investiture at the Hebrew Union College in 1975. [4] As of 2007, HUC had invested 184 women cantors. [5] Cantors as a profession The role of hazzanim (Hebrew plural of hazzan) as a respected full-time profession has become a reality in recent centuries. In the last two centuries Jews in a number of European communities, notably Germany and Britain, came to view professionally trained hazzanim as clergy and the hazzan as the deputy rabbi. After the enlightenment, when European nations gave full citizenship and civil rights to Jews, professionally trained hazzanim were accepted by the secular governments as clergy in the same way that rabbis were accepted as clergy.

In an interesting turn of events, the United States government recognized cantors as the first Jewish clergy, even before rabbis were recognized - as a congregation could be organized and led by a committee of Jewish "laymen," who would not have the expertise in liturgy a hazzan would have, newly forming congregations in the late 1800s and early 1900s sometimes hired a hazzan for a synagogue (and made sure that a kosher butcher was established in the neighborhood) for some time before setting about hiring a rabbi, seeing the hazzan (and the butcher) as a more immediate need. The hazzan therefore solemnized marriages and otherwise represented the congregation in the eyes of civil authorities. In the United States, many hazzanim supplement their ministry by also earning certification as and working as mohels , for bris ceremonies. In the USA there are three major organizations for professionally trained hazzanim, one from each of the major Jewish denominations. Hazzan - YouTube Hazzan Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented.

This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Feb 15, 2011 A hazzan or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן‎ ħazzān, Modern Hebrew hazan, Yiddish khazn) is a Jewish cantor, a musician trained in the vocal arts who helps lead the congregation in songful prayer.[1] There are many rules relating to how a cantor should lead services, but the idea of a cantor as a paid professional does not exist in classical rabbinic sources. The Jewish prayer services have their own entry; the prayers in these services are collected in a prayerbook known as the siddur. The person leading the congregation in public prayers is called the cantor, or sometimes called the sheliach tzibbur (Hebrew for "emissary of the congregation"). Pre-modern Jewish law restricts the role to Jewish males over the age of 13; but today all types of Judaism except for Orthodox Judaism allow women over the age of 12 to have this role as well [1]. See also: Cantor in Reform Judaism.

In theory, any lay person can be a sheliach tzibbur; most synagogue-attending Jews will serve in this role every now and again. In practice, those with the best voice and the most knowledge of the prayers serve much more often Category Hazzan : definition of Hazzan and synonyms of Hazzan (English) 8.1 More information Shaliah tzibbur The person leading the congregation in public prayers is called the shaliach tzibbur ( Hebrew for "Jewish legal emissary of the congregation"), a ħazzān or sometimes called the cantor. Jewish law restricts the role to Jewish males over the age of 13; but today all types of Judaism except for Orthodox Judaism allow women over the age of 12 to have this role as well. [2] See also: Cantor in Reform Judaism . In theory, any lay person can be a sheliach tzibbur; most synagogue-attending Jews will serve in this role every now and again. In practice, those with the best voice and the most knowledge of the prayers serve much more often.

There are many rules relating to how a cantor should lead services, but the idea of a cantor as a paid professional does not exist in classical rabbinic sources. Jewish prayer services are collected in a prayerbook known as the siddur . Growing importance The office of the hazzan increased in importance with the centuries. As public worship was developed in the Geonic period, and as the knowledge of the Hebrew language declined, singing gradually superseded the didactic and hortatory element in the worship in the synagogue. Qualifications Even in the oldest times the chief qualifications demanded of the hazzan, in addition to knowledge of Biblical and liturgical literature as well as the prayer motifs (known as "steiger"), were a pleasant voice and an artistic delivery; for the sake of these, many faults were willingly overlooked. The hazzan was required to possess a pleasing appearance, to be married, and to have a flowing beard. Sometimes, according to Isaac of Vienna (13th century), a young hazzan having only a slight growth of beard was tolerated.

Maimonides decided that the hazzan who recited the prayers on an ordinary Sabbath and on week-days need not possess an appearance pleasing to everybody; he might even have a reputation not wholly spotless, provided he was living a life morally free from reproach at the time of his appointment. But all these moderations of the rule disappeared on holidays; then an especially worthy hazzan was demanded, one whose life was absolutely irreproachable, who was generally popular, and who was endowed with an expressive delivery. Even a person who had once litigated in a non-Jewish court, instead of to a Jewish court, in a disputed question could not act as hazzan on those days, unless he had previously done penance. [3] However many authorities were lenient in this regard and as long as a cantor was "merutzeh l'kehal" desired by the congregation, he was permitted to lead the prayers even on the holiest of days. Today, a hazzan, particularly in more formal (usually not Orthodox) synagogues, is likely to have academic credentials, most often a degree in Music or in Sacred Music, sometimes a degree in Music Education or in Jewish Religious Education or a related discipline.

The Doctor of Music degree is sometimes awarded to honour a hazzan. Although traditionally a hazzan was always a man, today a woman can be a hazzan (also called a cantor) in all types of Judaism except for Orthodox Judaism. [2] In 1955 Betty Robbins , born in Greece, became the world's first female cantor when she was appointed cantor of the Reform congregation of Temple Avodah in Oceanside, New York, in July. [4] Barbara Ostfeld-Horowitz became the first female cantor to be ordained in Reform Judaism in 1975, [5] and Erica Lippitz and Marla Rosenfeld Barugel became the first female cantors in Conservative Judaism in 1987. [5] The Cantors Assembly , a professional organization of cantors associated with Conservative Judaism, did not allow women to join until 1990. [6] Sharon Hordes became the first cantor of either sex (and therefore, since she was female, the first female cantor) in Reconstructionist Judaism in 2002.

[7] Avitall Gerstetter , who lives in Germany, became the first female cantor in Jewish Renewal (and the first female cantor in Germany) in 2002. Susan Wehle became the first American female cantor in Jewish Renewal in 2006; [8] however she died in 2009. [9] The first American women to be ordained as cantors in Jewish Renewal after Susan Wehle's ordination were Michal Rubin and Abbe Lyons , both ordained on January 10, 2010. [10] In 2001 Deborah Davis became the first cantor of either sex (and therefore, since she was female, the first female cantor) in Humanistic Judaism; however, Humanistic Judaism has since stopped graduating cantors. [11] In 2009 Tannoz Bahremand Foruzanfar , who was born in Iran, became the first Persian woman to be ordained as a cantor in the United States.

[12] [13] As of 2007, the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion , which is the main seminary for Reform Judaism, has ordained 184 women cantors. [14] Professional status The role of hazzanim (Hebrew plural of hazzan) as a respected full-time profession has become a reality in recent centuries. In the last two centuries Jews in a number of European communities, notably Germany and Britain, came to view professionally trained hazzanim as clergy and the hazzan as the deputy rabbi. After the enlightenment, when European nations gave full citizenship and civil rights to Jews, professionally trained hazzanim were accepted by the secular governments as clergy in the same way that rabbis were accepted as clergy.

In an interesting turn of events, the United States government recognized cantors as the first Jewish clergy, even before rabbis were recognized - as a congregation could be organized and led by a committee of Jewish "laymen," who would not have the expertise in liturgy a hazzan would have, newly forming congregations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries sometimes hired a hazzan for a synagogue (and made sure that a kosher butcher was established in the neighborhood) for some time before setting about hiring a rabbi, seeing the hazzan (and the butcher) as a more immediate need. The hazzan therefore solemnized marriages and otherwise represented the congregation in the eyes of civil authorities. In the United States, many hazzanim supplement their ministry by also earning certification as and working as mohels , for bris ceremonies. In the USA there are three major organizations for professionally trained hazzanim, one from each of the major Jewish denominations. Cantorial Council of America - Orthodox Judaism [17] Training Many members of the Cantors Assembly are trained at the H. L. Miller Cantorial School and College of Jewish Music at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America .

Many members of the American Conference of Cantors are trained at the School of Sacred Music at Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion, School of Sacred Music (New York) Reform. Both of these programs offer a five year training program. Full cantorial training is also offered by the pluralistic seminary The Academy for Jewish Religion, with campuses in New York and Los Angeles, and through ALEPH, the movement for Jewish Renewal. Members of the Cantorial Council can train at the Philip and Sarah Belz School of Jewish Music at Yeshiva University in New York City. The curriculum for students in these programs generally include, but are not limited to: Hebrew: modern, Biblical (Torah), and liturgical (Siddur) Theology Golden age The period between the two World Wars is often referred to as the "golden age" of hazzanut (cantorial performance).

The greats include Zavel Kwartin (1874–1953), Moritz Henle (1850–1925), Joseph "Yossele" Rosenblatt (1882–1933), Gershon Sirota (1874–1943), and Leib Glantz . In the Post World War II period, prominent cantors were Moshe Koussevitzky , David Werdyger , Frank Birnbaum , Richard Tucker and Abraham Lopes Cardozo (1914–2006). Operatic tenor Jan Peerce , whose cantorial recordings were highly regarded, was never a cantor by profession but he often cantored during the high holidays . Popular contemporary cantors include Naftali Hershtik , Joseph Malovany , Shmuel Barzilai , Yitzchok Meir Helfgot, Ari Klein, Benzion Miller and Alberto Mizrahi.

See also Learn and talk about Hazzan, Hazzans, Hebrew words and phrases, Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles, Religious music 9 External links Shaliah tzibbur: the role of the hazzan[ edit ] The person leading the congregation in public prayers is called the shaliach tzibbur ( Hebrew for " emissary of the congregation"), a ħazzān or cantor. Jewish law restricts the role to adult Jews. [2] See also: Cantor in Reform Judaism . In theory, any lay person can be a sheliach tzibbur; most synagogue-attending Jews will serve in this role every now and again. One who cannot or doesn't pronounce his words properly, including merging pharyngeals with glottals or uvulars, shouldn't be appointed unless no one else better is available. In practice, those with the best voice and the most knowledge of the prayers serve much more often.

Ashkenazic hazzanim (Hebrew plural of hazzan) are known to repeat words during prayer (although it's more proper to not repeat words); [3] [4] [5] Yemenite sh'luchei tzibbur, on the other hand, will never repeat words. There are many rules relating to how a cantor should lead services, but the idea of a cantor as a paid professional does not exist in classical rabbinic sources. Jewish prayer services are collected in a prayerbook known as the siddur . Growing importance[ edit ] The office of the hazzan increased in importance with the centuries. As public worship was developed in the Geonic period, and as the knowledge of the Hebrew language declined, singing gradually superseded the didactic and hortatory element in the worship in the synagogue. Qualifications[ edit ] Even in the oldest times the chief qualifications demanded of the hazzan, in addition to knowledge of Biblical and liturgical literature as well as the prayer motifs (known as "steiger"), were a pleasant voice and an artistic delivery; for the sake of these, many faults were willingly overlooked.

The hazzan was required to possess a pleasing appearance, to be married, and to have a flowing beard. Sometimes, according to Isaac of Vienna (13th century), a young hazzan having only a slight growth of beard was tolerated. Maimonides decided that the hazzan who recited the prayers on an ordinary Sabbath and on week-days need not possess an appearance pleasing to everybody; he might even have a reputation not wholly spotless, provided he was living a life morally free from reproach at the time of his appointment. But all these moderations of the rule disappeared on holidays; then an especially worthy hazzan was demanded, one whose life was absolutely irreproachable, who was generally popular, and who was endowed with an expressive delivery. Even a person who had once litigated in a non-Jewish court, instead of to a Jewish court, in a disputed question could not act as hazzan on those days, unless he had previously done penance. [6] However many authorities were lenient in this regard and as long as a cantor was "merutzeh l'kehal" desired by the congregation, he was permitted to lead the prayers even on the holiest of days.

Today, a hazzan, particularly in more formal (usually not Orthodox) synagogues, is likely to have academic credentials, most often a degree in music or in sacred music, sometimes a degree in music education or in Jewish religious education or a related discipline. The doctor of music degree is sometimes awarded to honour a hazzan. Female cantors in non-Orthodox Judaism[ edit ] Although traditionally a hazzan was always a man, today a woman can be a hazzan (also called a cantor) in all types of Judaism except for Orthodox Judaism. [2] Julie Rosewald , called “Cantor Soprano” by her congregation, was America’s first female cantor (though she was born in Germany), serving San Francisco’s Temple Emanu-El from 1884 until 1893, although she was not ordained. [7] [7] [8] Barbara Ostfeld-Horowitz became the first female cantor to be ordained in Reform Judaism in 1975, [9] and Erica Lippitz and Marla Rosenfeld Barugel became the first female cantors in Conservative Judaism in 1987.

[9] The Cantors Assembly , a professional organization of cantors associated with Conservative Judaism, did not allow women to join until 1990. [10] Sharon Hordes became the first cantor (female or otherwise) in Reconstructionist Judaism in 2002. [11] Avitall Gerstetter , who lived in Germany, became the first female cantor in Jewish Renewal (and the first female cantor in Germany) in 2002. Susan Wehle became the first American female cantor in Jewish Renewal in 2006; [12] however she died in 2009. [13] The first American women to be ordained as cantors in Jewish Renewal after Susan Wehle's ordination were Michal Rubin and Abbe Lyons , both ordained on January 10, 2010. [14] In 2001 Deborah Davis became the first cantor (female or otherwise) in Humanistic Judaism; however, Humanistic Judaism has since stopped graduating cantors.

[15] In 2009 Tannoz Bahremand Foruzanfar , who was born in Iran, became the first Persian woman to be ordained as a cantor in the United States. [16] As of 2011, the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion , the main seminary for Reform Judaism, has ordained 208 women cantors. [17] Professional status[ edit ] The role of hazzanim as a respected full-time profession has become a reality in recent centuries. In the last two centuries Jews in a number of European communities, notably Germany and Britain, came to view professionally trained hazzanim as clergy and the hazzan as the deputy rabbi. After the enlightenment, when European nations gave full citizenship and civil rights to Jews, professionally trained hazzanim were accepted by the secular governments as clergy in the same way that rabbis were accepted as clergy.

In an interesting turn of events, the United States government recognized cantors as the first Jewish clergy, even before rabbis were recognized—as a congregation could be organized and led by a committee of Jewish "laymen", who would not have the expertise in liturgy a hazzan would have, newly forming congregations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries sometimes hired a hazzan for a synagogue (and made sure that a kosher butcher was established in the neighborhood) for some time before setting about hiring a rabbi, seeing the hazzan (and the butcher) as a more immediate need. The hazzan therefore solemnized marriages and otherwise represented the congregation in the eyes of civil authorities. In the United States, many hazzanim supplement their ministry by also earning certification as and working as mohels , for bris ceremonies. In the United States there are three major organizations for professionally trained hazzanim, one from each of the major Jewish denominations. Many members of the Cantors Assembly are trained at the H. L. Miller Cantorial School and College of Jewish Music at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America .

Many members of the American Conference of Cantors are trained at the Debbie Friedman School of Sacred Music at Hebrew Union College —Jewish Institute of Religion, School of Sacred Music (New York) Reform. Both of these programs offer a five-year training program. Members of the Cantorial Council can train at the Philip and Sarah Belz School of Jewish Music at Yeshiva University in New York City. ALEPH, the movement for Jewish Renewal, includes a cantorial training program as part of its ordination program. Full cantorial training is also offered by the Cantorial School of the Academy for Jewish Religion (California) in Los Angeles, the Cantorial Program at the similarly named Academy for Jewish Religion in New York, and the School of Jewish Music at Hebrew College . These institutions are unaffiliated with any particular Jewish denomination. The curriculum for students in these programs generally include, but are not limited to: Hebrew: modern, Biblical (Torah), and liturgical (Siddur) Susan B. Alcott, Cantor using Homestead website templates . Create a website today . About Cantor Susan Alcott Cantor Susan B. Alcott lives in Larchmont New York. She has a wonderful husband and four adult children.

They are a very close and loving family. Cantor Alcott loves to tap dance, walk in the woods with her dog, teach children and adults about the wonders of Judaism. Recently she and her husband Mark were honored in Israel as Founders of the Hebrew University of Israel. In Judaism, a cantor - also known as a "chazzan" or "hazzan" - is the person who leads the congregation in prayer along with the rabbi. The position of cantor is significant because music plays a major role in Jewish prayer services. Cantor Alcott provides heartfelt spiritual experiences through her beautifully trained voice. Cantor Alcott studied for 3 years at the Jewish Theological Seminary, where she won the Saul Meisel award for excellence. She became ordained as a Cantor with a degree of Chazzan and teacher in Israel from the Academy for Jewish Religion in 1993. She has served as a Cantor for many Temples and private services in the Westchester community. She is now serving as Cantor in the Willow Towers Assisted Living Community. There she teaches Hebrew and leads services for Shabbat and all holidays.

She also conducted B'nai -Mitzvot Training and lead Bar/Bat Mitzvah services at Hawthorne Cedar Knolls. At B'nai Elohim in Westchester she was the Cantor for 3 years. At the Larchmont Temple she was a temporary Cantor and assisted with B'nai Mitzvot classes and consucted services with the Rabbi. In Scarsdale NY she served as Cantor at the Congregation Mvakshe Derech where she assisted in Shabbat servies, festivals and holidays. She taught Torah and Haftorah to adults and children. There she also officiated at weddings, funerals and all other lifecyctle events.

1 Hazzan – chazzan – khazn – hassan – Chasan – Kantor – Chasanim – Chasanot – Chasn | Seit über 10.000 Jahren Erfahrung in Versklavung Seit über 10.000 Jahren Erfahrung in Versklavung Die Vorteile eines zinsbasierten Geldsystems zur Beherrschung und Ausbeutung Menü ~ NasiChaim Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888), Lithography, 1847 A common illustration of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, died 1888. So is likely the author since 70 years A hazzan or chazzan ( Hebrew : חַזָּן‎ ħazzān, Modern Hebrew hazan, Yiddish khazn Ladino hassan) is a Jewish cantor , a musician trained in the vocal arts who helps lead the congregation in songful prayer. Jews Praying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur. Painted in Vienna. The artist's self portrait is standing to the right of the seated rabbi, looking outwards.

The inscription on the Torah scroll says "Donated in memory of our late honored teacher and rabbi Moshe Gottlieb of blessed memory 1878"; it is an epitaph for the artist.All figures depict people from Gottlieb's early life in Drohobycz. The artist himself appears three times: as an adult wearing a pendant standing to the right of the Torah, as a child at lower left wearing the same pendant, and as a boy at the far right. The woman he courted, Laura Rosenfeld, appears twice: at the top left, standing and holding a closed prayer book, and second from the right on the top row, next to her mother.- Œuvre peinte à Vienne. L'auto-portrait de l'artiste est debout à la droite du rabbin assis, regardant hors du tableau. L'inscription sur la Torah qu'il porte est "Don en mémoire de feu notre maître le rabbin Moshe Gottlieb d'auguste mémoire, 1878", un épitaphe de l'artiste.Tous les portraits proviennent de la jeunesse de Gottlieb à Drohobycz.

L'artiste lui-même est représenté trois fois : en adulte avec un pendentif à droite de la Torah, en enfant avec le même pendentif en bas à gauche, en jeune homme tout à droite. La femme qu'il courtisait, Laura Rosenfeld, apparaît deux fois : en haut à gauche tenant un livre de prières fermé, et deuxième en partant de la droite au second rang, à côté de sa mère. There are many rules relating to how a cantor should lead services, but the idea of a cantor as a paid professional does not exist in classical rabbinic sources. Jewish prayer services are collected in a prayerbook known as the siddur . The person leading the congregation in public prayers is called the cantor, or sometimes called the sheliach tzibbur ( Hebrew for „emissary of the congregation“). Jewish law restricts the role to Jewish males over the age of 13; but today all types of Judaism except for Orthodox Judaism allow women over the age of 12 to have this role as well. See also: Cantor in Reform Judaism .

In theory, any lay person can be a sheliach tzibbur; most synagogue-attending Jews will serve in this role every now and again. In practice, those with the best voice and the most knowledge of the prayers serve much more often. Chasan [ χaˈzan ] ( hebräisch חזן; Pl.: Chasanim, fem. Pl.: Chasanot, jiddisch „Chasn“) oder Kantor wird der Vorbeter in einer Synagoge oder jüdischen Gemeinde genannt. Der Name Chasan geht auf die Zeit des Römischen Reichs zurück und wurde zunächst für den Vertreter des Archisynagogos, d.h. des Leiters einer jüdischen Gemeinde verwendet. Dies war eine ehrenvolle Aufgabe: Im Codex Theodosianus von 438 wurden seine Inhaber von Steuern befreit, und Papst Gregor der Große bestätigte diese Bestimmung im Jahre 600. Im rein musikalischen Bereich, im Sinne eines Vorbeters, ist der Chasan etwa seit dem 9. Jahrhundert belegt.

Die Funktion des Vorbeters im jüdischen Gottesdienst wurde im Mittelalter vom Vater auf den Sohn übertragen. Zu dieser Zeit mußte ein Chasan auch in der Lage sein, Pijjutim , d.h.Hymnen, zu schreiben und zu vertonen. In rabbinischer Zeit konnte jedes Gemeindemitglied als Vorbeter fungieren. Dies gilt prinzipiell bis heute; da die jüdische Liturgie jedoch sehr schwierig ist und eine schöne Stimme gewünscht wird, entwickelte sich diese Funktion in gaonischer Zeit zum eigenständigen Beruf. Traditionell wird vom Chasan neben einer guten Stimme große Kenntnis der jüdischen Liturgie verlangt, vor allem aber ethisch einwandfreies Verhalten und Frömmigkeit. In Deutschland über jüdische Kreise hinaus bekannt wurde der Berliner Kantor Estrongo Nachama . Ausbildungsstätten sind heute vor allem in den USA (New York), Israel und Großbritannien.

In Deutschland werden nunmehr auch Kantoren im Abraham-Geiger-Kolleg ausgebildet. Der erste dort ausgebildete Kantor wurde im Juni 2009 in sein Amt eingeführt. In liberalen Gemeinden können auch Frauen (Chasanot) das Kantorenamt bekleiden. Jews Praying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur . Painted in Vienna. The artist’s self portrait is standing to the right of the seated rabbi, looking outwards. The inscription on the Torah scroll says „Donated in memory of our late honored teacher and rabbi Moshe Gottlieb of blessed memory 1878″; it is an epitaph for the artist.All figures depict people from Gottlieb’s early life in Drohobycz. The artist himself appears three times: as an adult wearing a pendant standing to the right of the Torah, as a child at lower left wearing the same pendant, and as a boy at the far right.

The woman he courted, Laura Rosenfeld, appears twice: at the top left, standing and holding a closed prayer book, and second from the right on the top row, next to her mother.- Œuvre peinte à Vienne. L’auto-portrait de l’artiste est debout à la droite du rabbin assis, regardant hors du tableau. L’inscription sur la Torah qu’il porte est „Don en mémoire de feu notre maître le rabbin Moshe Gottlieb d’auguste mémoire, 1878“, un épitaphe de l’artiste.Tous les portraits proviennent de la jeunesse de Gottlieb à Drohobycz. L’artiste lui-même est représenté trois fois : en adulte avec un pendentif à droite de la Torah, en enfant avec le même pendentif en bas à gauche, en jeune homme tout à droite. La femme qu’il courtisait, Laura Rosenfeld, apparaît deux fois : en haut à gauche tenant un livre de prières fermé, et deuxième en partant de la droite au second rang, à côté de sa mère.

Related articles Who Leads Jewish Prayer? - My Jewish Learning Who Leads Jewish Prayer? Reprinted with permission from The Jewish Religion: A Companion , published by Oxford University Press. “Cantor” is the term used in English for the prayer leader in the synagogue. In rabbinic times [first century BCE to the end of the Talmudic period in the sixth century], many people were unfamiliar with the prayers, and so in public worship a man well versed in the liturgy would recite the prayers aloud with the congregation responding to his benedictions with “Amen,” this being considered as if they themselves had offered the prayers. Even after the wide dissemination of the prayer book , the institution of the prayer leader was continued, so that the prayers were then recited by both the congregation and the reader.

Names and Terms In the Mishnah , the leader is called “one who descends before the chest.” (The Ark (where Torah scrolls are kept today] in the ancient synagogue was not built into the wall of the synagogue was a portable chest containing the Sefer Torah .) Other terms found in the sources are sheliah tzibbur (“messenger of the congregation”), abbreviated to shatz (hence the Jewish surname Schatz) and hazan (originally meaning “overseer”), the name most frequently used. The hazan was not a special functionary. Any member of the congregation was qualified to lead the congregation in prayer. But in the course of time, specially qualified persons were favored to act as hazanim. The term “cantor,” adopted by Western Jews in modern times, is not found in the traditional sources and is used chiefly to describe a man or woman with special musical qualifications who sings accompanied by a choir. The modern cantor is a special salaried official. In this [article] the term “cantor” is used to denote every variety of prayer leader. Who Is the Ideal Cantor?

A section in the [16th-century code of Jewish law called] Shulhan Arukh (Orah Hayyim, 53) is devoted to the qualities ideally required for a hazan. He should be without sin (comparatively speaking, of course, since no one is free from sin); he should be free of rumors that he had a bad reputation in his youth; he should be a modest man and acceptable to the people for whom he deputizes; and he should have a pleasant voice. If such a paragon is not to be found, this source adds, somewhat laconically, that the man chosen should be the most pious and learned in the congregation. (For this reason it is customary in Hasidism for the rebbe, the Hasidic master, to act as prayer leader.) The hazan should be at least 13 years old and should be male.

(In many non-Orthodox congregations women cantors are now appointed.) Ideally a hazan should have a full beard, but this was later interpreted to mean that he should be of an age when the beard is fully grown, that is, he should be a mature person, who is then acceptable even if he does not actually sport a beard. Reprinted with permission from The Jewish Religion: A Companion , published by Oxford University Press. “Cantor” is the term used in English for the prayer leader in the synagogue. In rabbinic times [first century BCE to the end of the Talmudic period in the sixth century], many people were unfamiliar with the prayers, and so in public worship a man well versed in the liturgy would recite the prayers aloud with the congregation responding to his benedictions with “Amen,” this being considered as if they themselves had offered the prayers. Even after the wide dissemination of the prayer book , the institution of the prayer leader was continued, so that the prayers were then recited by both the congregation and the reader.

Names and Terms In the Mishnah , the leader is called “one who descends before the chest.” (The Ark (where Torah scrolls are kept today] in the ancient synagogue was not built into the wall of the synagogue was a portable chest containing the Sefer Torah .) Other terms found in the sources are sheliah tzibbur (“messenger of the congregation”), abbreviated to shatz (hence the Jewish surname Schatz) and hazan (originally meaning “overseer”), the name most frequently used. The hazan was not a special functionary. Any member of the congregation was qualified to lead the congregation in prayer. But in the course of time, specially qualified persons were favored to act as hazanim. The term “cantor,” adopted by Western Jews in modern times, is not found in the traditional sources and is used chiefly to describe a man or woman with special musical qualifications who sings accompanied by a choir. The modern cantor is a special salaried official. In this [article] the term “cantor” is used to denote every variety of prayer leader. Who Is the Ideal Cantor?

A section in the [16th-century code of Jewish law called] Shulhan Arukh (Orah Hayyim, 53) is devoted to the qualities ideally required for a hazan. He should be without sin (comparatively speaking, of course, since no one is free from sin); he should be free of rumors that he had a bad reputation in his youth; he should be a modest man and acceptable to the people for whom he deputizes; and he should have a pleasant voice. If such a paragon is not to be found, this source adds, somewhat laconically, that the man chosen should be the most pious and learned in the congregation. (For this reason it is customary in Hasidism for the rebbe, the Hasidic master, to act as prayer leader.) The hazan should be at least 13 years old and should be male.

(In many non-Orthodox congregations women cantors are now appointed.) Ideally a hazan should have a full beard, but this was later interpreted to mean that he should be of an age when the beard is fully grown, that is, he should be a mature person, who is then acceptable even if he does not actually sport a beard. Whose Service: Cantor vs. Congregation The rabbinic authorities tended to look askance at hazanim monopolizing the service (and there was no doubt a degree of envy when the hazan, who pleased the congregation with his sweet singing, was more popular than the learned rabbi), but most attempts at curbing the exuberance of the prayer leader were doomed to failure. On the whole the people loved cantorial versatility (hazanut). Very revealing is the statement in the Shulhan Arukh (Orah Hayyim, 53.

11): “A shatz who prolongs the service so that people will hear how pleasant is his voice, if it is because he rejoices in his heart that he is able to praise God with his sweet voice, let a blessing come to him, provided that he offers his prayers in a serious frame of mind and stands in God’s presence in awe and dread. But if his intention is for people to hear his voice and he rejoices in this, it is disgraceful. Nevertheless, it is not good for anyone to prolong the service unduly, because this imposes a burden on the congregation.” Cantorial Music As Art A number of modern cantors have been very gifted musically, some being also expert composers whose liturgical compositions were collected and used by cantors all over the world. With the invention of the gramophone, there was a proliferation of cantorial records and, later, tapes, enjoyed by Jews in their own homes. Among the more famous of modern cantors were Yossele Rosenblatt, Gershon Sirota, Mordecai Herschman, and Zavel Kwartin. It is not unknown for cantors to use melodies from well-known operas adapted to the words of the prayers.

The more discriminating regard this as vulgar, but others see no harm in it. They point to the responsum [rabbinic reply to a question of law] of the Polish rabbi Joel Sirkes (1561-1640), who is so lenient (Responsa Bayit Hadash, no. 127) as to permit even the use of church melodies, except for those especially associated with Christian hymns. The offence of copying Gentile ways, the Rabbi remarks, applies only to doctrinal matters belonging to the practices of other religions. Music is not specifically Christian but is the common heritage of all mankind. What or Who is a Cantor in Judaism? By Ariela Pelaia Updated October 23, 2015. Although most well-known around the Jewish High Holidays, the cantor in Judaism is often present throughout the year in the synagogue. Meaning and Origins In Judaism, a cantor — also known as a chazzan (חַזָּן‎), meaning "overseer" — is primarily known as someone who leads the congregation in prayer along with the rabbi, but the cantor has many additional roles (see below).

Additionally, other terms for an individual who guides the congregation are shaliach tzibur ("messenger of the congregation"), which was abbreviated to Sh"tz, which became Shatz, a popular Jewish surname. Cantor became a popular Jewish last name, as well. This individual arose before the days of the prayer book, or siddur , when congregations needed help and guidance in the prayer service because not everyone had the liturgy memorized. Any man in the congregation could be the cantor; no special skills were needed. In the 16th century, a set of guidelines was established in the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Hayyim, 53), which included some ideal traits for the chazzan, including: He should be without sin. He should be modest. He should have a pleasant voice. He should be at least 13 years of age. Furthermore, the Shulchan Aruch discusses what happens if the cantor is only a cantor to hear his own voice!

“A shatz who prolongs the service so that people will hear how pleasant is his voice, if it is because he rejoices in his heart that he is able to praise God with his sweet voice, let a blessing come to him, provided that he offers his prayers in a serious frame of mind and stands in God’s presence in awe and dread. But if his intention is for people to hear his voice and he rejoices in this, it is disgraceful. Nevertheless, it is not good for anyone to prolong the service unduly, because this imposes a burden on the congregation.” The Modern Cantor In modern times, in the Reform and Conservative Jewish worlds, a cantor is usually trained in the musical arts and/or has attended cantorial school. Professional cantors who have attended cantorial school are ordained clergy. There are some cantors who are simply people from the community with in depth knowledge of the prayer services. At other times, the rabbi might fill the roles of both rabbi and cantor. Volunteer cantors and rabbi/cantor prayer leaders are especially common in small synagogues. In Hasidic congregations, the cantor is always the rebbe.

In Orthodox Judaism a cantor must be male, however, in Conservative and Reform Judaism a cantor can be either male or female. What Do Cantors Do? In addition to leading prayer services, in the Reform and Conservative Jewish worlds, cantors have a variety of responsibilities that vary from synagogue to synagogue. Often their duties will include teaching bar/bat mitzvah students to read from the Torah, teaching members of the congregation how to participate in prayer services, leading other life-cycle events, and working with the choir. As ordained clergy, Reform and Conservative cantors can also perform pastoral duties such as conducting weddings or funeral services. Hazzan: Amazon.es: Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster: Libros en idiomas extranjeros Libros en idiomas extranjeros AÃ±adir a la Lista de deseos Â¿Tienes uno para vender? Volver atrÃ¡s Ir adelante Escuchar Reproduciendo... Interrumpido EstÃ¡s escuchando una muestra de la ediciÃ³n de audio Audible.

Tapa blanda, 1 ago 2010 "Vuelva a intentarlo" DescripciÃ³n del producto Reseña del editor Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. A hazzan or chazzan is a Jewish cantor, a musician trained in the vocal arts who helps lead the congregation in songful prayer. There are many rules relating to how a cantor should lead services, but the idea of a cantor as a paid professional does not exist in classical rabbinic sources. The Jewish prayer services have their own entry; the prayers in these services are collected in a prayerbook known as the siddur. The person leading the congregation in public prayers is called the shaliach tzibbur (Hebrew for "emissary of the congregation"). Traditional Jewish law restricts the role to Jewish males over the age of 13; the non-Orthodox Jewish movements allow women over the age of 12 to have this role as well. Reform Judaism, Conservative Judaism, and Reconstructionist Judaism invest both men and women cantors as full clergy No es necesario ningÃºn dispositivo Kindle.

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Question: A hazzan, or chazzan, leads the congregation in songful prayer in which religion?
Answer: Jewish