Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland, 1897-1909 - Maps - National Library of Scotland Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland, 1897-1909 Introduction The Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh Water Lochs of Scotland was the first comprehensive examination of the depths and nature of Scottish lochs. Over 10 years some 60,000 soundings were taken of all the major Scottish lochs, some 562 in total, resulting in the first detailed charts of all their depths. The entire project was conceived and organised through the perseverence of Sir John Murray, the oceanographer, and funded by his lifelong friend Laurence Pullar, whose son Fred tragically drowned in the early years of the Survey. The Bathymetrical Survey was not only widely recognised at the time, placing Scotland at the forefront of organised lake studies or limnology, but the resulting published reports and maps are still of major value today. Information about the Survey is organised in the following sections below: Biographies A few bathymetrical facts from the Survey...

The deepest loch was found to be Loch Morar at 1,017 feet deep. This could fit the Eiffel Tower within it with 33 feet to spare! Loch Ness was in second place (754 feet deep), Loch Lomond third at 623 feet. (It is also of interest that these depths are often substantially greater than the sea around Scotland; for example, the sea does not reach the depth of Loch Morar until the dip of the continental shelf beyond St Kilda). Loch Ness has the greatest mean depth at 433 feet, followed by Loch Morar (284 feet) and Loch Lochy (228.95 feet). Loch Ness has by far the greatest volume of water within it, measured at 263,162 million cubic feet. It is followed by Loch Lomond (92,805), Loch Morar (81,482) Loch Tay (56,550) and Loch Awe (43,451 million cubic feet).

The total volume of fresh water in all the lochs combined was calculated as 1,015,814 million cubic feet, or 6.9 cubic miles. The longest lochs in Scotland then and now are Loch Awe (25.47 miles), then Loch Ness (24.24 miles) and thirdly Loch Lomond (24.23). Loch Lomond has the greatest surface area, at 27.45 miles, followed by Loch Ness (21.78 miles), Loch Awe (14.85) and Loch Maree (11.03). The total surface area of all 562 lochs surveyed was calculated at 340.22 square miles. Background The inland or fresh water lochs of Scotland have long captured the interest of former generations, although before the 18th century all reports of their depths and mysteries were based more on myth than on practical observation.

For example, on Timothy Pont's map of Strathnaver is his reference to 'a monstrous hole, 180 fatham deepe' in Loch Ereboll, whilst more usefully both the Blaeu Atlas texts (1654) and the later Statistical Accounts (1791 and 1845) have many references to abundant resources of fish in lochs. One of the earliest maps of Scottish lochs with depths is by the military surveyor Joseph Avery of the Great Glen Lochs (ca. 1727) in our Board of Ordnance Collection. It was not until the 1860s that actual measurements were systematically recorded, initially by the Hydrographic Department of the Admiralty on Lochs Lomond and Awe, with some depths also recorded along the Great Glen. Further work was done on Lochs Lomond, Tay, and Katrine (Buchan, 1871), the latter partly due to the plans to supply water from there to Glasgow, and Buchanan (1887) recorded a depth of 320 metres in Loch Morar whilst researching temperatures and freezing.

In 1888, Wilson published an account of Lochs Tay, Earn, Rannoch and Tummel, accompanied by simple contoured maps with soundings, to illustrate his study of the glaciation of the district. This essentially represented the state of knowledge of the depths of Scottish fresh water lochs at the time Sir John Murray began his systematic survey in 1897, with the assistance of his friend Fred Pullar. Murray was an experienced oceanographer, who had become very interested in the different physical and biological conditions presented by sea and fresh water lochs. He recognised that a systematic survey of fresh water lochs would result in many new additions to scientific knowledge, and would assist the growing number of geologists, fishermen, and engineers who were also interested in these matters. He brought the subject before the Royal Societies of Edinburgh and London, who in 1883 and 1884 made strong representations to the government on the value of such a survey.

However, despite acknowledging the value of such a survey, the response from the Treasury indicated that the work was not in the interests of navigation and so fell outwith the functions of the Admiralty, whilst the Ordnance Survey would confine its attentions to dry land. As Murray concluded, 'we were led to take up this self-imposed task because ... there was no hope of the work being undertaken by any Government Department.' (Murray & Pullar, 1910 vol. 1, p. 4). So from 1897 work began slowly on the lochs of the Forth, with some lochs surveyed two or three times with different sounding machines and methods before satisfactory results were obtained. A first paper was published in 1900 on the lochs of the Trossachs and Callander district, before tragedy struck. Fred Pullar drowned in February 1901 at he age of 25 whilst gallantly rescuing people who had fallen through ice on Airthrey Loch.

It was initially Sir John Murray's intention to abandon the Survey altogether, but at the request of Fred's father Laurence, who donated the sum of £10,000 to a trust to support the project, the work continued. In fact the donation allowed work to continue on a sounder footing with appropriate staff, and many scientific advisors. During 1902, work progressed rapidly on the lochs of the Tay basin, covering 154 lochs, whilst during 1903, some 250 lochs were surveyed. Therafter, surveying work proceeded more gradually to completion in 1906, with further biological and physical recording continuing until 1909. 1897-1901 562 lochs The choice of which lochs to include was ultimately determined by common sense. 'The only Scottish lochs left unsounded were those which had no boats on them, or to which boats could not readily be transported' (Murray & Pullar, 1910, vol. 1, p. 9). Obviously the line had to be drawn somewhere, and numerous smaller lochans were excluded.

Nevertheless, at the smaller end of the spectrum, we find Loch Setter in Shetland included, barely 400 yards long, 0.02 of a square mile in extent, on average one foot deep, with a maximum depth of two feet. The accuracy of the soundings have generally been confirmed by later 20th century technology. For example, the Loch Ness bathymetric and seismic survey in 1992 using sonar measurements recorded a depth of 786 feet, only 32 feet more than the Bathymetrical Survey (Young & Shine, 1992). The Survey charts are also obviously an important historical record, especially where 20th century changes in the environment or due to hydro-electic dams have substantially altered the lochs. The Ordnance Survey never undertook detailed survey work on loch depths, and the submarine contours on their 6 inch to the mile and smaller scale maps from the 1900s onwards have been based on the Bathymetrical Survey.

The Bathymetrical Survey also recorded and published much new data on lochs, including studies of the oscillations of water or 'seiches' on lochs, which can affect the water at some considerable depth below the surface without being recognisable at the surface. More than 700 species were enumerated by the Survey, including 450 invertebrates and nearly 200 algae. At least 29 of these species were described as new, and about 50, although not new, were additions to the previously known fauna and flora of the British Isles (Maitland, 1983). (The field note books of the Bathymetrical Survey were deposited in the National Museums of Scotland). Bibliography Buchan, A., 'Remarks on the deep-water temperature of Lochs Lomond, Katrine and Tay'. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 7 (1871), 791-795. Buchanan, J.Y., 'Distribution of temperature in Loch Lomond in the autumn of 1885', Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 10 (1886), 403.

Duck, R.W., 'The charting of Scotland's lochs', Forth Naturalist and Historian 13 (1990), 25-30. Gracie, J., 'The men who plumbed the depths', Scots Magazine (1994), 609-617. Maitland, P., 'Freshwater science', Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Series B, 84 (1983), 171-210. Murray, J. & Pullar, L., Bathymetrical survey of the freshwater lochs of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1910). Wilson, J.S.G., 'A bathymetrical survey of the chief Perthshire lochs', Scottish Geographical Magazine 4 (1888), 251. Young, I & Shine, A.J., 'Loch Ness bathymetric and seismic survey', The Scottish Naturalist 105 (1993), 23-43.

Now deepest secrets of Loch Lomond lie revealed - The Scotsman Now deepest secrets of Loch Lomond lie revealed 18:22 Monday 14 February 2011 10:22 Tuesday 15 February 2011 SCOTLAND'S largest loch has been mapped for the first time in 150 years. • The loch's south is shallow The first Loch Lomond depth survey was carried out in 1861, using a simple but remarkably accurate lead-line process by a team of men from HMS Porcupine under the command of a Captain Otter. Yesterday, Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park Authority (NPA) unveiled a comprehensive new navigation chart of the 24-mile-long loch using the latest technology. The joint project with the British Geological Survey (BGS) included a full depth survey of the freshwater loch using sonar equipment. But, as a fitting tribute to the early pioneers, several inlets, islands and features have been named after the 1861 team, including McDougall Bank, Chimmo Rocks and Otter Spit.

The new chart is available to loch users and gives a very modern impression of the hazards around Loch Lomond. COLOUR CODE 1. Multibeam data of the loch shows shallow water in pink. 2. Deep water is dark blue. 3. The southern end is very shallow. 4. The line of islands crossing from SW to NE marks the line of the Highland Boundary Fault. 5. North of this is a deeper basin with water depths of 40-50 metres. 6. In the far north of the loch, there is a much deeper basin with depths approaching 190 metres. The BGS team spent three months surveying the loch using equipment including two "multibeam echosounder transducers" that transmit and receive millions of soundings every hour. The information was gathered using satellite positioning (GPS) and a motion sensor that took into account the movement of the boat. The data has resulted in detailed images that can be used to give a 3D map of geological features of the loch floor. The BGS team plan to return to Loch Lomond to collect data that will tell them about the rock types and formations below the loch floor.

Alan Stevenson, who led the BGS team, said: "Sonar data has been used for several years to map the geology of the sea floor around Britain, but this was the first time we had used the technique in a loch environment. "We are very pleased that the information has also helped the National Park Authority to improve their navigational chart for loch users. "The data we plan to collect from beneath the loch floor will add to the sonar information and help us to understand even more about the present-day loch environment and its geological history." Graeme Archibald, Ranger Manager for the National Park Authority added: "Comparing the two charts and taking into consideration the level of equipment available to them, the 1861 chart was remarkably accurate, a testimony to their skills as surveyors. "I take my hat off to both Otter and his crew and the current team that produced this new chart for Loch Lomond." Loch Lomond is a freshwater loch, lying on the Highland Boundary Fault. It is the largest loch or lake in Great Britain, by surface area - 27 sq miles - and the second largest after Loch Ness, by water volume.

Loch Lomond is 24 miles long and between 0.75 and five miles wide. It has an average depth of 121ft and a maximum depth of about 620ft. It has more than 30 islands, including Inchmurrin, the largest freshwater island in the British Isles. Must See Scotland - How deep is Loch Lomond is a common Scottish question. Must See Scotland Must See Scotland How deep is Loch Lomond is a common Scottish question. How deep is Loch Lomond? It’s the third-deepest loch in Scotland. And it hasn’t got a monster. But it has a very large shopping experience at Balloch. How Deep is Loch Lomond? - and where is it exactly? (That's answered further down the page.) The depth of Loch Lomond is just one of these Scottish questions. It’s the third-deepest loch in Scotland, after Loch Morar and Loch Ness. Loch Lomond or Loch Ness Depth? Another question sometimes asked is: how deep is Loch Ness? Naturally, people may be thinking about the Loch Ness Monster legend .

Officially, the depth is usually given as 754ft (230m) but in 2016 a tour boat skipper using sonar said he recorded 889ft (271m) and claimed it could be a lair for - ho-hum - you can see where this is going. Obviously, a continually reinforced high profile Nessie myth means continuing popularity for Loch Ness cruising. Seems fair enough. Settling the question about Loch Lomond' depth was first addressed by the Hydrographic Department of the Admiralty in Britain, who did the first surveys in the 1860s. The splendidly named Captain H.C. Otter used a lead-weighted line and a rowing boat for his soundings. The Royal Society of Edinburgh was an enthusiastic supporter of efforts to find out more about the depth contours of many of Scotland’s lochs. However, as the 19th century went on, issues arose as to who would fund such a project.

The Admiralty was approached and seemed interested at first However, it seems that someone in the Treasury in far-off London, England, soon pointed out to the Admiralty that Loch Lomond wasn’t actually the sea and, as such, wasn’t going to have much in the way of battleships floating about in it, so could they please restrict themselves to salt-water surveys on the grounds of cost… Loch Lomond from Duncryne Hill (Pictured here) This Loch Lomond panorama, looking up the loch from its south end, is a September pic., as you can see by the autumnal rowan berries. The Highland Boundary Fault runs through the islands in the middle distance. The loch is confined to a deep, narrow trench in the far distance. Closer at hand, you can see how it spreads out in the gentler terrain of the Lowland edge. Anyway, the experienced oceanographer Sir John Murray took up the cause and went on to create the ground-breaking Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland, 1897-1909 – a work that still has value today.

In it, we learn that 623ft / 190m is answer to the question how deep is Loch Lomond. This survey is also, presumably, the original source of the oft-quoted other facts about Scottish lochs: such as the water volume of Loch Lomond is 92,805 million cubic ft (second largest in Scotland after Loch Ness); the surface area of Loch Lomond is 27.45 sq miles (largest in Scotland with Loch Ness second) and so on. However, there has been an update on our knowledge of the depth of Loch Lomond. Survey work by the British Geological Society in early 2009 found that the north of the loch is a deep trench with very steep sides, the result of glaciation. Loch Lomond - south end at Balloch What? Loch Lomond has a monster too? As well as answering the query how deep is Loch Lomond, the original Bathymetrical Survey also looked into another phenomenon seen in Loch Lomond as well as other lochs (lakes) right across the globe.

There is an ancient saying about Loch Lomond as having ‘a wave without a wind, a fish without a fin, and a floating island’. The first part of the old saying may refer to a ‘seiche’ – a scientific term from a Swiss French dialect word. It now means a standing wave in an enclosed body of water. (Think of it as a ‘slosh’ – that’s the word that’s used for this phenomenon on the North American Great Lakes.) The key here is that the water body should be enclosed and that the wave is observed irrespective of the weather conditions. As for the other two parts of the rhyme, personally, I like to think that the fish without fin is the Loch Lomond monster – that’s the one that never quite caught on in the way that our chum up on Loch Ness did. Many years ago, at the peak time for the old monster mania that did so much for tourism in the Scottish Highlands, there was even a report of a monster on Loch Lomond being seen from the footplate by a train crew.

(This was in the days of steam and I expect it was only a seiche.) Finally, as for the floating island, if it isn’t a monster hump (and, no, I’m not being serious there at all), then it might be the mats of vegetation that can break off the banks after waves or storms. Loch lomond signposts, within the national park. Note appearance of GAelic. (Pictured here) Signposts by Loch Lomond, at Tarbet. Loch Lomond has been loved to bits, not just because of that well-known song ‘The Banks of Loch Lomond’ (words below) but because of the fact it lies within easy reach of the Clydeside conurbation, the geographer’s phrase for Glasgow and round about. The area is within the Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park. Naturally, in an area so beloved of tourists, the ‘infrastructure’ is well developed. There is a good choice of Loch Lomond cruises. Best way to see Loch Lomond and the Trossachs? Go cruising Loch Lomond. Especially In summer to avoid the biting insects - clegs and midges.

By the way, perhaps we need to clarify... Where is Loch Lomond? The answer to the question ‘where is Loch Lomond’ – discussed below – explains a lot about how the area gained its status as an icon of Scottish scenery. The question is probably asked by folk in other parts of the world who hear that famous song ‘The Banks of Loch Lomond’. Along with Auld Lang Syne, this is an iconic song of Scotland and seems to appeal to people who have never actually been to Loch Lomond, but find the sentiment of the song inspires them to visit. (Actually, come to think of it, I get a bit sentimental myself on hearing ‘The Lakes of Pontchartrain’, and that isn’t even Scottish, but Irish.) Anyway, what’s the appeal of the song ‘Loch Lomond’? Here are a few notes ( and the words below) – and then we’ll move on to answering the question ‘where is Loch Lomond’.

Some authorities suggest the tune is a variant of the old Scottish ballad ‘The Bonnie Hoose o’ Airlie’, others want to link it to the equally venerable ‘The Lowlands of Holland’ – yes, you got to know your Scottish ballads here! However, most experts agree that the words are quite a bit younger than the tune. The song was first published in ‘Vocal Melodies of Scotland’ (1841). No individual composer is credited. The usual story is that the lyrics were written by a Jacobite prisoner, while awaiting his fate in Carlisle prison, in England. (It always seems to be in Carlisle – but then the sentimental Victorians were always very inventive.) Maybe the prisoner was captured after the Battle of Culloden and shipped across the Border; maybe he was taken while the Jacobite army retreated northwards in the previous winter. Or maybe the whole thing is fictional. But, if it was written around the Battle of Culloden in 1746, then the words with variations must have been around for almost a century before being published.

Ben Lomond beyond Loch Lomond (Pictured here) Where is Loch Lomond – answer, spreading out of the Highlands and on to the Lowland edge, in this angle, showing Ben Lomond to the north. So, here’s the sun that ‘shines bright on Loch Lomond‘ and where the lovers parted on ‘the steep, steep side o’ Ben Lomond‘ – and that's Ben Lomond as seen from across the loch, from its south-western end near Balloch. Again, like Auld Lang Syne, a lot of Scots (at least) can sing their way through the first verse or so, and then things start to get sticky. By verse two (see below), things are beginning to fall apart, while by verse three we are mired in Scottish sentimentality. Truth to tell, it isn’t great poetry. The high road and low road allusions are usually explained as the ‘high road’ as in the highway, a physical route, leading home to Scotland, as opposed to the ‘low road’, meaning death, where the spirit of the soldier returns immediately to his homeland.

Lyrics of 'By Yon Bonnie Banks...' (Loch Lomond) Song ‘Loch Lomond’ By yon bonnie banks and by yon bonnie braes, Where the sun shines bright on Loch Lomond. Where me and my true love were ever wont to gae On the bonnie, bonnie banks O’ Loch Lomond. Refrain: O ye’ll tak’ the high road and I’ll tak’ the low road, An’ I’ll be in Scotland afore ye; For me and my true love will never meet again On the bonnie, bonnie banks O’ Loch Lomond. 2. ‘Twas there that we parted in yon shady glen, On the steep, steep side o’ Ben Lomond’, Where in purple hue the Hieland hills we view, An’ the moon comin’ out in the gloamin’ Refrain: The wee birdies sing and the wild flow’rs spring, And in sunshine the waters are sleepin’; But the broken heart it kens nae second spring, Tho’ the waefu’ may cease frae their greetin’.

Refrain: So, the subject matter of the song is decidedly gloomy – though that doesn’t stop it being played at weddings and rock concert and other upbeat occasions. But it is because of its iconic status – even a few bars of it seems to say ‘Scotland’ – that must make folk want to find out where is Loch Lomond. ( There’s more information here on Scotland’s music.) Anyway, if you are a resident or a habitual visitor then you’ll already know the answer to where is Loch Lomond. The famous loch lies partly in the Lowlands and partly in the Highlands of Scotland. And, back in the days when Scottish tourism first began, before the end of the 18th century, both Loch Lomond and the Trossachs were areas that were comparatively easy to reach from Scotland’s main cities, especially Glasgow and Edinburgh. Here is another of my sophisticated hi-tech sketches, where it all becomes, uhmm, clear…… Where is Loch lomond? Quite NEAR Glasgow. (Pictured, actually, sketched, here) Where is Loch Lomond? - splattered right across the Highland Boundary Fault, very near Glasgow. Lucid, eh? Got that?

Basically, the Romantics, then everyone else, escaped the city and soon found themselves across the Highland Boundary Fault, where it all got a lot nicer, quite suddenly. Not just on Loch Lomond and in The Trossachs, but also on the Clyde sea-lochs, minutes away to the west. The nuclear submarines at Faslane do their best to keep a low profile. (Loch Long, by the way, is really the 'ship loch' from the Gaelic. But it is also long and fjord-like.) The sudden transition from Lowland Scotland – for example, on the journey north from Dumbarton on the Clyde – to the vista of Highland Scotland, revealed from the south end of Loch Lomond, first excited travellers more than 200 years ago. At that time, the taste of these early visitors was being influenced by the Romantic Movement in the arts and literature. This involved a new and positive way of perceiving wild and untamed places – as a rebellion against the ‘tamed’ landscapes and the order and symmetry of the Neo-Classical Age that went before.

Loch Lomond, looking west from the West Highland Way at Inversnaid (Pictured here) The ‘bonnie banks of Loch Lomond’ are undoubtedly bonny. Looking west, these are the Arrochar Alps, selectively framed from just north of Invernsnaid on the West Highland Way. In Loch Lomond and the Trossachs – touched on in the Scotland tourism page – the Romantics found scenery exactly to their new tastes – and they found this wild and beautiful place without travelling too far from ‘city comforts’! So part of the answer to the question ‘where is Loch Lomond’ in a historical context is that it was just far enough away from centres of population a couple of centuries back to give a taste of excitement and daring for adventurous travellers – such as William and Dorothy Wordsworth who first came this way in 1803. But not so far away that visiting amounted to a fearful and risky expedition. So the real answer to the location of question of Loch Lomond is ‘close enough’ – these days it is within minutes of Glasgow Airport, or an easy journey by road or rail – even closer than when it was first discovered and enjoyed by those early Romantics.

Today, in fact, more than half the Scottish population live within an hour’s drive. In addition, for more than two centuries, Loch Lomond (and the Trossachs to the east) have been balancing the needs of visitors with the need to retain the essential spirit of wild landscape. It’s a place that, in short, is loved to bits. That is why since 2002 the area that visitors still enjoy is now in the Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park. If you want a great experience of the area then we recommend you cruise on Loch Lomond . And here are some Loch Lomond facts... The Five Largest Freshwater Lochs in Scotland - Holiday Parks The Five Largest Freshwater Lochs in Scotland The Five Largest Freshwater Lochs in Scotland January 22, 2013 at 2:44 pm The Five Largest Freshwater Lochs in Scotland: Lochs by Volume, Area, Length and Depth Loch Ness might get almost all the press when it comes to the Scottish Lochs, but it’s by no means the largest or longest.

There are at least 31,460 lochs in Scotland, and out of these, there are lochs that are deeper, longer and larger in area than Loch Ness. Loch is simply the Scottish Gaelic and Irish word for a lake or sea inlet, and there is only one natural body of water called a ‘lake’ in Scotland: Lake Menteith. This article is a guide to the five largest lochs by volume, area, length and depth. Holiday Parks offer breaks at Lomond Woods at Loch Lomond – the largest loch in Scotland by surface area. 5 Largest Scottish Lochs by Volume Loch Ness is by far the largest loch in Scotland by volume, and it contains more water than all of the lakes in England and Wales combined. Of course, it’s apparently the home of the fabled Loch Ness monster, and this huge volume of water has given Nessy plenty of space to hide over since her modern ‘sighting’ in 1933. 5 Largest Scottish Lochs by Area Loch Ness wins for volume for its consistent depth for its area, but Loch Lomond actually has a considerably larger surface area.

Most originated from glacial over deepening of the valleys they now occupy, and are subsequently long and thin in shape. Loch Lomond has a bulbous southern expanse of water, which gives it a greater surface area than the other lochs. 5 Longest Scottish Lochs Loch Awe is the longest loch – just beating Loch Ness by 2km. It is located to the West of Loch Lomond in Argylle and Bute. While it has a length of 41km, it has an average width of 1km. It is particularly well renowned for trout and salmon – so if you’re a keen fisher, then Loch Awe is a good spot. 5 Deepest Scottish Lochs by Depth Loch Morar is the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles, at a depth of 310m. Much like Loch Ness, it’s home to a legendary monster – dubbed morag by the locals. Loch Morar would be able to fit the newly opened London building The Shard, which is also 310m in height, exactly in its depth.

Lakes Loch Doon Lake in southwest Scotland, 5 km / 3 miles south of Dalmellington, forming part of the border between East Ayrshire and Dumfries and Galloway unitary authorities. It lies nearly 210 m / 689 ft above sea-level, and covers an area 10 km / 6 miles long and 2 km / 1 miles wide. The loch, dotted with several small islands, is enclosed by mountains, and contains salmon and trout. Its surplus waters have been diverted south to the River Ken to augment supply to the Galloway hydroelectric scheme. Loch Fyne Sea-inlet in Argyll and Bute unitary authority, Scotland, extending about 65 km / 40 miles north and northeast from the Sound of Bute between the Kintyre peninsula and Argyll on the west and the Cowal peninsula on the east. It reaches a maximum depth of 200 m / 656 ft. Inverary stands on its western shore, about 14 km / 9 miles from the head of the loch. Further south, the fishing port of Tarbert is renowned for its herring catches.

Loch Katrine Lake in Stirling unitary authority, Scotland, 8 km / 5 miles east of Loch Lomond and 15 km / 9 miles west of Callander. The loch extends over a distance of 13 km / 8 miles and its width is less than 2 km / 1 miles at its widest point. Loch Katrine is situated in the heart of the Trossachs area, noted for its magnificent scenery. Its waters discharge through the lochs of Achray and Vennachar into Eas Gobhain, which flows east for approximately 3 km / 2 miles and then joins Garbh Uisg to form the River Teith, and supply the city of Glasgow. Ellen's Isle is located on the lake, and the mountains of Ben Venue and Ben A'an rise either side of its outflow. Loch Leven Lake in Perth and Kinross, Scotland; area 16 sq km / 6 sq miles. The river Leven flows from Loch Leven. It has six islands; Mary Queen of Scots was imprisoned on Castle Island until she escaped in 1568.

The whole loch has been a National Nature Reserve since 1964. The loch is known for its trout fisheries. St Serf's, the largest island in the loch, contains the ruins of an old priory. Loch Linnhe Sea-inlet on the west coast of Scotland, 56 km / 35 miles long and 2-8 km / 1-5 miles wide, forming part of the border between Highland, and Argyll and Bute unitary authorities. Fort William stands at the head of the loch , at the junction with Loch Eil and the beginning of the Caledonian Canal system. Its waters are divided by the Corran Narrows, with Loch Leven entering the lower half. The island of Lismore lies within the mouth of Loch Linnhe as it joins the Firth of Lorn. Loch Lochy Lake in Highland unitary authority, Scotland, covering an area 16 km / 10 miles long and 1 km / 0.6 miles wide. It forms part of the Caledonian Canal system, linked to Loch Oich by Laggan Locks.

Loch Lomond Largest freshwater Scottish lake, 37 km / 21 miles long, area 70 sq km / 27 sq miles. It is overlooked by the mountain Ben Lomond (973 m / 3,192 ft) and is linked to the Clyde estuary. Loch Morar Lake on the west coast of Highland unitary authority, Scotland, extending 19 km / 12 miles in length, with an outflow across a narrow bridge of land to the Sound of Sleat, 5 km / 3 miles south of Mallaig. It is the deepest loch in the British Isles, reaching a maximum depth of 310 m / 1,017 ft. Loch Ness Lake in the Highland unitary authority, Scotland, extending northeast to southwest. Forming part of the Caledonian Canal, it is 36 km / 22.5 miles long, 2 km / 1 miles wide (on average), 229 m / 754 ft deep, and is the greatest expanse of fresh water in Europe. There have been unconfirmed reports of a Loch Ness monster since the 15th century.

Loch Ness, Loch Lochy and Loch Oich are connected by the Caledonian Canal, and together provide the only navigable channel between the east and west coasts of Scotland. Loch Rannoch Lake in Perth and Kinross unitary authority, Scotland, lying 204 m / 669 ft above sea level, and extending over an area 15 km / 9 miles long and about 2 km / 1 miles wide. The River Tummel, a tributary of the River Tay, flows through the loch from west to east. LOCH LOMOND LOCH LOMOND A view on the lakeshore at Balloch Photo: A. Kurata 56:05N, 4:35W; 7.9 m above sea level. B. DESCRIPTION Of glacial origin, Loch Lomond is probably the best known Scottish lake and is the most southerly of the five Scottish lakes considered in this report. Its main axis is north to south and maximum length of 36.4 km.

The northern portion of the lake is long (22.3 km) and narrow (average just over one kilometer), but south of Ross Point it opens out and reaches a maximum width of 8.8 km. This part of lake contains many islands. The surface area of the lake is 71.1 km2 - larger than any other British standing water, the nearest rivals being Loch Ness (56.4 km2) and Loch Awe (38.5 km2). The maximum depth is 189.9 m (the third deepest in Scotland) but the mean depth is only 37.0 m, because of the influence of the large shallow southern basin. The volume of Loch Lomond is 2,627,900,000 m3, greater than any other lakes except Loch Ness. There are two distinct basins deeper than 30 m in the lake, one in the south of the Douglas Water delta and one in the north and these are known to have quite distinct characteristics. Loch Lomond's catchment is characterized by a relatively low mean altitude and gentle slopes with a high percentage of arable ground and base-rich rocks.

There are far more roads than in any of the other catchments and relatively high population. The extent of arable ground and base-rich rocks gives a good indication of the potential natural richness of the lake waters draining from them. The lake, or certainly its south basin, seems likely to be the richest, comparing with the other four Scotland lakes. The lake exhibits a dimictic circulation and is rated oligotrophic in respect of chemistry, phytoplankton and macrophytes, but mesotrophic in terms of invertebrates and fish (1, 2, 4, 10). Isoetes lacustris, Littorella uniflora, Nitella opaca, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna. Phytoplankton (5) Melosira islandica, M. italica subsp. subarctica, M. granulata, Asterionella formosa, Tabellaria fenestrata v. asterionelloides, T. flocculosa, Cryptomonas spp., Mallomonas spp., Rhodomonas minuta, Gymnodinium helveticum.

F2 FAUNA Zooplankton (7) Bosmina coregoni, Polyhemus pediculus, Bythotrephes longimanus, Leptodora kindti, Diaptomus gracilis, Cyclops abyssorum, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Holopedium gibberum, Daphnia hyalina, Cyclops leuckarti. Benthos (8) Stylaria lacustris, Ecdyonurus venosus, E. dispar, Ephemerella ignita, Diura bicaudata, Chloroperla torrentium, Tinodes waeneri, Lepidostoma hirtum. Fish (9) Coregonus lavaretus, Petromyzon marinus, Lampetra fluviatilis, Salmo salar, Esox lucius, Rutilus rutilus, Noemacheilus barbatulus, Pungitius pungitius, Perca fluviatilis, Platichthys flesus. F4 BIOMASS (7) The Friends of Loch Lomond N. SOURCES OF DATA Maitland, P. S.

(1981) Introduction and catchment analysis. The Ecology of Scotland's Largest lochs, Lomond, Awe, Ness, Morar and Shiel (ed. Maitland, P. S.), pp. 1-27. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague. Smith, I. R., Lyle, A. A. & Rosie, A. J. (1981) Comparative physical limnology. Ibid., pp. 29-65. Muller, M. J. (1982) Selected Climatic Data for a Global Set of Standard Stations for Vegetation Science. 306 pp. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague. Bailley-Watts, A. E. & Duncan, P. (1981) Chemical characterisation, a one-year comparative study. The Ecology of Scotland's Largest Lochs, lomond, Awe, Ness, Morar and Shiel (see above), pp. 67-89. --- (1981) The phytoplankton. Ibid., pp. 91-118.

--- (1981) A review of macrophyte studies. Ibid., pp. 119-134. Maitland, P. S., Smith, B. D. & Dennis, G. M. (1981) The crustacean zooplankton. Ibid., pp. 135-154. Smith, B. D., Maitland, P. S., Young, M. R. & Carr, M. J. (1981) Ibid., pp. 155-203. Maitland, P. S., Smith, B. D. & Adair, S. M. (1981) The fish and fisheries. Ibid., pp. 223-251. Hamilton, J. D. (1988) Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol., 23: 403-413.

'New deepest point' found in Loch Ness - BBC News BBC News 'New deepest point' found in Loch Ness 20 January 2016 Close share panel Image copyright Google A tour boat skipper has recorded a new deepest point in Loch Ness on his vessel's equipment. Keith Stewart found that the loch goes to a depth of 889ft (270.9m) on sonar equipment he uses. The official maximum depth on the current chart for Loch Ness is 754ft (229.8m). But the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), which is responsible for the official measurements, said it has no plans to resurvey the loch. The MCA is responsible for mapping the sea and deep lochs and lakes around the UK. It does this in order to maintain British Admiralty charts under the UK Civil Hydrography Programme. An MCA spokeswoman said: "We currently have no plans to resurvey Loch Ness." How deep is Loch Ness Lake? | Reference.com How deep is Loch Ness Lake? A: Quick Answer At its deepest point, Loch Ness has a depth of approximately 788 feet.

The lake is 23 miles long and contains the largest volume of fresh water in Great Britain. Full Answer Loch Ness is a lake in the Scottish Highlands with the River Ness as its outlet. It is the second-deepest lake in Scotland. At 433 feet, it has the greatest mean depth of all Scottish lakes. This is due to the lake's great depths continuing almost up to the shoreline, which, combined with surface oscillations caused by differential heating, results in very little flora in the waters of Loch Ness.

Question: Which Scottish loch is deepest at the maximum depth?
Answer: Loch Ness