Pruritus (Itching) Causes and Treatments The elderly How Is Pruritus Treated? Finding the cause of the itching and treating any underlying skin disease is the first step in solving pruritus. If a drug reaction is suspected, switching to a different medication may be helpful to reduce the itching. However, most drug reactions have a rash along with itching. The best way to prevent pruritus is to take care of your skin. To protect skin: Use skin creams and lotions that moisturize your skin and prevent dryness. Use sunscreens regularly to prevent sunburns and skin damage. Use mild bath soap that won't irritate your skin. Take a bath or shower in warm -- not hot -- water. Avoid certain fabrics, such as wool and synthetics, that can make skin itch. Switch to cotton clothing and bed sheets. Since warm, dry air can make skin dry, keep the thermostat in your house down and use a humidifier. To relieve itching, place a cool washcloth or some ice over the area that itches, rather than scratching. Your doctor may also prescribe medication to treat pruritus, including antihistamines and topical steroids. Rarely, steroid pills and antibiotics may also be needed.

WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by Debra Jaliman, MD on June 11, 2015 Sources Symptoms and causes - Itchy skin (pruritus) - Mayo Clinic Itchy skin (pruritus) Print Symptoms You may have itchy skin over certain small areas, such as on an arm or leg, or over your whole body. Itchy skin can occur without any other noticeable changes on the skin. Or it may be associated with: Redness Dry, cracked skin Leathery or scaly texture to the skin Sometimes itchiness lasts a long time and can be intense. As you rub or scratch the area, it gets itchier. And the more it itches, the more you scratch. Breaking this itch-scratch cycle can be difficult, but continued scratching can damage your skin or cause infection.

When to see a doctor See your doctor or a skin disease specialist (dermatologist) if the itching: Lasts more than two weeks and doesn't improve with self-care measures Is severe and distracts you from your daily routines or prevents you from sleeping Comes on suddenly and can't be easily explained Affects your whole body Is accompanied by other signs and symptoms, such as extreme tiredness, weight loss, changes in bowel habits or urinary frequency, fever, or redness of the skin Causes Possible causes of itchy skin include: Dry skin. If you don't see a crop of bright, red bumps or some other dramatic change in the itchy area, dry skin (xerosis) is a likely cause. Dry skin usually results from older age or environmental factors such as long-term use of air conditioning or central heating, and washing or bathing too much. Skin conditions and rashes. Many skin conditions itch, including eczema (dermatitis), psoriasis, scabies, lice, chickenpox and hives. The itching usually affects specific areas and is accompanied by other signs, such as red, irritated skin or bumps and blisters. Internal diseases. Itchy skin can be a symptom of an underlying illness.

These include liver disease, kidney failure, iron deficiency anemia, thyroid problems and cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. The itching usually affects the whole body. The skin may look otherwise normal except for the repeatedly scratched areas. Nerve disorders. Conditions that affect the nervous system — such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, pinched nerves and shingles (herpes zoster) — can cause itching. Irritation and allergic reactions. Wool, chemicals, soaps and other substances can irritate the skin and cause itching. Sometimes the substance, such as poison ivy or cosmetics, causes an allergic reaction. Food allergies also may cause skin to itch. Drugs. Reactions to drugs, such as antibiotics, antifungal drugs or narcotic pain medications, can cause widespread rashes and itching. Pregnancy. During pregnancy, some women experience itchy skin, especially on the abdomen and thighs. Also, itchy skin conditions, such as dermatitis, can worsen during pregnancy. Complications Itching skin can affect the quality of your life. Prolonged itching and scratching may increase the intensity of the itch, possibly leading to: Skin injury References Fazio SB, et al. Pruritis: Overview of management.

Accessed Aug. 5, 2016. Cassano N, et al. Chronic pruritus in the absence of specific skin disease. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2010;11:399. Goldsmith LA, et al., eds. Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of pruritus. In: Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 8th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012. Accessed Aug. 18, 2016. Yosipovitch G, et al. Chronic pruritis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368:1625. Gibson LE (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Sept. 22, 2016. Fazio SB, et al. Pruritis: Etiology and patient evaluation. Accessed Aug. 23, 2016. Cunningham FG, et al. Dermatological disorders. In: Williams Obstetrics. 24th ed.

New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2014. Accessed Aug. 25, 2016. Related Pruritus Pruritus References Definition and etiology Pruritus or itch is defined as an unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch. It is a characteristic feature of many skin diseases and an unusual sign of some systemic diseases. 1, 2 Pruritus may be localized or generalized and can occur as an acute or chronic condition. Itching lasting more than 6 weeks is termed chronic pruritus. 2 Itching can be intractable and incapacitating, as well as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Back to Top Prevalence, risk factors, and natural history Prevalence estimates, risk factors, and natural history exist for only a few specific disorders associated with itching and are mentioned in the discussion of those conditions. Peripheral Mechanisms Physical Stimuli and Neural Pathways Itch can be produced by mechanical (gentle touch, pressure, vibration, and wool), thermal and electrical stimuli such as transcutaneous or direct nerve stimulation.

The sensation is received by free nerve endings in the skin and transmitted via unmyelinated C fibers and myelinated Aδ fibers to the central spinothalamic tracts. 1, 2 Microneurography studies have demonstrated that itch and pain are transmitted by separate neural pathways. 3, 4 Chemical Mediators Histamine is one of the most important mediators of itch, although other chemical substances have also been implicated. 3 Some, such as neuropeptides, act by releasing histamine from mast cells, and itching caused by them responds to antihistamines. Others act independently; therefore antihistamines are not effective in some forms of pruritus. Opioids have a central pruritic action and also act peripherally by augmenting histamine itch. Central Mechanism Patients with tumors and lesions of the central nervous system have been reported to have intractable pruritus. 1, 5-7 Administration of opioids in epidural anesthesia can also lead to pruritus. Etiology Itching is associated with dermatologic and systemic causes, and it is important to determine whether there is an associated skin eruption. A characteristic rash usually establishes the diagnosis of a primary dermatologic disorder.

Several skin diseases are associated with pruritus; some are listed in Box 1 . Itching is an important component of some disorders (atopic eczema, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen simplex chronicus, and nodular prurigo) and these conditions are rarely diagnosed in its absence. In conditions such as mild urticaria or aquagenic pruritus, the levels of histamine are sufficient for a sensory but not a vascular response, and there may be no skin findings. Bullous pemphigoid can manifest with a prebullous pruritic phase for several months before the characteristic blisters appear. 8 An invisible form of mycosis fungoides can occur as pruritus without a rash and is diagnosed on biopsy. 9 Box 1: Select Dermatologic Disorders Associated with Chronic Pruritus * Autoimmune Prurigo gestationis *Generalized or localized depending on extent of disease Adapted from Pujol RM, Gallardo F, Llistosella E, et al: Invisible mycosis fungoides: A diagnostic challenge.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:S167-S171; and Ständer S, Weisshaar E, Mettang T, et al: Clinical Classification of itch: A position paper of the International Forum for the Study of Itch. Acta Derm Venereol 2007:87 291-294. It is important to establish if pruritus preceded the appearance of a skin eruption. Severe itching leads to scratching that causes secondary skin changes of excoriation, lichenification, dryness, eczematization, and infection. Excessive bathing and contact allergy to topical therapies can lead to dermatitis. These findings should not be interpreted as the primary skin disorder. Select systemic conditions associated with itching are listed in Box 2 . Several are potentially serious, and it can be dangerous to label a case of generalized pruritus “nonspecific eczema” until these conditions are excluded. Pruritus of systemic disease is usually generalized, it may be the only manifesting symptom, and a specific rash is not present. Neurologic and psychiatric conditions associated with chronic pruritus are included in Box 2 .

Box 2: Select Systemic Causes of Chronic Pruritus Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Diagnosis History A detailed history is the single most important step toward diagnosing the cause of itching. This should include information on the onset, extent (generalized vs. localized), severity, type of itch, aggravating and alleviating factors, diurnal and seasonal variations, bathing, occupation, hobbies, medication history and allergies, and past medical and surgical history. Inquire about personal or family history of atopy (childhood eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma), household and other contacts, pets, travel history, sexual history, and history of intravenous drug use (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] or hepatitis C infection). If the patient has recently undergone surgery, ask if hydroxyethyl cellulose was used as a plasma expander, because this substance can be associated with intense generalized pruritus lasting for up to one year.

Review of Systems A detailed history is important in chronic pruritus of unknown origin, including general health (fever, chills, weight loss); skin (pigmentation, sweating, asteatosis, plethora, and jaundice); hair (growth, texture, loss); nails (Beau's lines, onycholysis, color changes); eyes (exophthalmos, color changes); and endocrine, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, neurologic, and mental status. 5-7, 10 Physical Examination The skin should be examined for evidence of any recognizable disorder. Scratching (causing excoriations) or rubbing (producing papules, nodules, and lichenified plaques) can lead to secondary changes that should not be interpreted as a primary skin disorder but can mimic one. Examination of the upper midback can help in this distinction, because it is relatively inaccessible and unavailable for scratching. Look for evidence of parasitic infestation, especially scabies and lice. Examination of the skin, hair, and genitalia with surveillance scrapings can identify either disorder. Examination of clothing seams can identify body lice in the unkempt (vagabond's disease).

A complete physical examination to look for other cutaneous signs mentioned in the “Review of Systems” section is essential. Pelvic and rectal examination as well as examination of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen is important. 5-7, 10 Investigations In some cases, the diagnosis is apparent from the history, physical examination, or bedside studies (such as a scabies preparation). When the diagnosis is not apparent, laboratory studies may be indicated. In general, the laboratory investigation should be directed by the findings of the history and physical examination. In a patient with no pertinent findings, a reasonable initial screen consists of complete blood count, complete metabolic panel, hepatitis C antibodies, TSH, and chest x-ray. Based on the initial results and the course of the pruritus, further testing may be indicated ( Box 3 ). Box 3: Laboratory Investigations for Generalized Pruritus Initial Screening Studies *To be considered based on history and physical examination, results of initial laboratory screening, and pruritus. 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; IgE, immunoglobulin E. Adapted from Kantor GR, Bernhard J: Investigation of the pruritic patient in daily practice.

Semin Dermatol. 1995;14:290-296. Histopathologic examination of the skin lesions may be required. In pruritus without a rash, a biopsy specimen for direct immunofluorescence from normal-appearing skin might show immune deposits in early cases of pemphigoid or findings diagnostic of mycosis fungoides in routine histopathology. Patients with chronic idiopathic pruritus should be followed with periodic re-evaluation if the symptoms persist, because an underlying disorder can manifest later. 5-7, 10 Treatment General Concepts and Topical and Systemic Treatments Identifying and treating the underlying cause is the most effective therapy for pruritus. Symptomatic treatment should be prescribed while the primary condition is being treated. Cool compresses and cool baths might help relieve the itch; a cool environment in the home and workplace also helps. Cooling lotions with calamine, pramoxine, or menthol and camphor are helpful ( Box 4 ). Box 4: Outline for Selected Treatments for Pruritus Topical Transcutaneous electrical stimulation Adapted from Hagermark O, Wahlgren C: Treatment of itch.

Semin Dermatol 1995;14:320-325. Pruritus due to dry skin, especially in the elderly, responds to generous amounts of emollients such as petrolatum and white paraffin, as well as correcting the temperature and humidity. Patients should avoid frequent and hot baths and excessive use of soap, which further dries the skin. Topical corticosteroids should not be prescribed indiscriminately but should be used only if there are signs of cutaneous inflammation. Topical tacrolimus may be prescribed for limited use in patients with atopic dermatitis. Topical capsaicin may be useful in chronic localized pruritus such as notalgia paresthetica. H1-receptor antihistamines are the drugs of choice for urticaria. The newer nonsedating antihistamines are less effective in atopic dermatitis; the older sedating antihistamines might work better. Tricyclic antidepressants such as doxepin have antihistamine activity in addition to central effects and are useful in chronic, severe pruritus.

Gabapentin, buspirone, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be considered in select patients. Ultraviolet (UV) B phototherapy is very effective in uremic pruritus and may be helpful in patients with prurigo nodularis, atopic dermatitis, HIV infection, and aquagenic pruritus. Opioid-receptor antagonists, such as naloxone, have occasionally been used for intractable pruritus of renal and cholestatic diseases. Other measures that have been tried for chronic pruritus are acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) (see Box 4 ). Aggressive treatment of the eczema may be the only way to control the pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis. Limited use of systemic corticosteroids as well as other systemic immunosuppressives may be needed to treat the eczema. 1, 10 Treatment of Specific Disorders Chronic Renal Disease Other than general treatments as mentioned earlier, mild disease might respond to UVB phototherapy and erythropoietin. Second-line treatments include oral activated charcoal, cholestyramine, and the opioid antagonist naltrexone.

Third-line therapies include thalidomide and parathyroidectomy. 1, 10 Dialysis can provide some relief but rarely improves itching significantly. Parathyroid hormone levels have been found to be increased and have been implicated as a cause. These patients experience relief of pruritus after parathyroidectomy. 6 Renal transplantation is the definitive treatment. 1, 10 Cholestatic Disease Ion-exchange resins, such as cholestyramine, probably act by lowering levels of bile salts and other pruritogens. Altered central opioidergic neurotransmission is believed to be a contributing factor, 12 and opioid antagonists such as naloxone and naltrexone have been found useful.13 Second-line therapies include rifampicin, which has been shown to reduce pruritus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 14 ursodeoxycholic acid, SSRIs, and S-adenosylmethionine. Third-line treatment includes UVB phototherapy, extracorporeal albumin dialysis, plasmapheresis, and dronabinol, a cannabinoid.

1, 10 Polycythemia Rubra Vera Antihistamines are usually ineffective, but psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) phototherapy has been helpful in some patients. Aspirin has been reported effective, and a trial showed SSRIs to be effective. 1, 10 Back to Top Summary Pruritus or itch is a characteristic feature of many skin diseases and an unusual sign of some systemic diseases. The presence of skin changes does not exclude the possibility of an underlying systemic cause of the pruritus. The absence of a rash does not automatically mean that the underlying cause of the itching is a systemic disease. Dermatologic and internal medicine evaluations, including laboratory tests, skin biopsy, and radiographic studies as dictated by history and physical findings, should be considered for patients with generalized pruritus lasting longer than 6 weeks. Identifying and treating the underlying cause are the most effective therapies for pruritus. Itching | definition of itching by Medical dictionary Itching | definition of itching by Medical dictionary Definition Itching is an intense, distracting irritation or tickling sensation that may be felt all over the skin's surface, or confined to just one area. The medical term for itching is pruritus.

Description Itching instinctively leads most people to scratch the affected area. Different people can tolerate different amounts of itching, and anyone's threshold of tolerance can be changed due to stress , emotions, and other factors. In general, itching is more severe if the skin is warm, and if there are few distractions. This is why people tend to notice itching more at night. Causes and symptoms The biology underlying itching is not fully understood. It is believed that itching results from the interactions of several different chemical messengers. Although itching and pain sensations were at one time thought to be sent along the same nerve pathways, researchers reported the discovery in 2003 of itch-specific nerve pathways. Nerve endings that are specifically sensitive to itching have been named pruriceptors. Research into itching has been helped by the recent invention of a mechanical device called the Matcher, which electrically stimulates the patient's left hand. When the intensity of the stimulation equals the intensity of itching that the patient is experiencing elsewhere in the body, the patient stops the stimulation and the device automatically records the measurement. The Matcher was found to be sensitive to immediate changes in the patient's perception of itching as well as reliable in its measurements.

Stress and emotional upset can make itching worse, no matter what the underlying cause. If emotional problems are the primary reason for the itch, the condition is known as psychogenic itching. Some people become convinced that their itch is caused by a parasite; this conviction is often linked to burning sensations in the tongue, and may be caused by a major psychiatric disorder. Generalized itching Itching that occurs all over the body may indicate a medical condition such as diabetes mellitus , liver disease, kidney failure, jaundice , thyroid disorders (and rarely, cancer ). Blood disorders such as leukemia, and lymphatic conditions such as Hodgkin's disease may sometimes cause itching as well. Some people may develop an itch without a rash when they take certain drugs (such as aspirin , codeine, cocaine ); others may develop an itchy red "drug rash" or hives because of an allergy to a specific drug. Some medications given to cancer patients may also cause itching. Itching also may be caused when any of the family of hookworm larvae penetrate the skin. This includes swimmer's itch and creeping eruption caused by cat or dog hookworm, and ground itch caused by the "true" hookworm. Many skin conditions cause an itchy rash.

These include: Pat dry, not rub dry, after bathing, leaving a bit of water on the skin Apply a moisture-holding ointment or cream after the bath Use a humidifier in the home. Patients who are allergic to certain substances, medications, and so on can avoid the resulting itch if they avoid contact with the allergen. Avoiding insect bites, bee stings, poison ivy and so on can prevent the resulting itch. Treating sensitive skin carefully, avoiding overdrying of the skin, and protecting against diseases that cause itchy rashes are all good ways to avoid itching. Resources Books Beers, Mark H., MD, and Robert Berkow, MD, editors. "Pruritus." Section 10, Chapter 109. In The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2004. Periodicals Al-Waili, N. S.

"Topical Application of Natural Honey, Beeswax and Olive Oil Mixture for Atopic Dermatitis or Psoriasis: Partially Controlled, Single-Blinded Study." Complementary Therapies in Medicine 11 (December 2003): 226-234. Browning, J., B. Combes, and M. J. Mayo. "Long-Term Efficacy of Sertraline as a Treatment for Cholestatic Pruritus in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis." American Journal of Gastroenterology 98 (December 2003): 2736-2741. Cavalcanti, A. M., L. M. Rocha, R. Carillo Jr., et al. "Effects of Homeopathic Treatment on Pruritus of Haemodialysis Patients: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Trial." Homeopathy 92 (October 2003): 177-181. Ikoma, A., R. Rukwied, S. Stander, et al.

"Neurophysiology of Pruritus: Interaction of Itch and Pain." Archives of Dermatology 139 (November 2003): 1475-1478. Jones, K. "Review of Sangre de Drago (Croton lechleri)—A South American Tree Sap in the Treatment of Diarrhea, Inflammation, Insect Bites, Viral Infections, and Wounds: Traditional Uses to Clinical Research." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 9 (December 2003): 877-896. Ochoa, J. G. "Pruritus, a Rare but Troublesome Adverse Reaction of Topiramate." Seizure 12 (October 2003): 516-518. Stener-Victorin, E., T. Lundeberg, J. Kowalski, et al. "Perceptual Matching for Assessment of Itch; Reliability and Responsiveness Analyzed by a Rank-Invariant Statistical Method." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 121 (December 2003): 1301-1305.

Zylicz, Z., M. Krajnik, A. A. Sorge, and M. Costantini. "Paroxetine in the Treatment of Severe Non-Dermatological Pruritus: A Randomized, Controlled Trial." Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 26 (December 2003): 1105-1112. Key terms Atopic dermatitis — An intensely itchy inflammation often found on the face of people prone to allergies. In infants and early childhood, it is called infantile eczema. Creeping eruption — Itchy irregular, wandering red lines on the foot made by burrowing larvae of the hookworm family and some roundworms. Dermatitis herpetiformis — A chronic very itchy skin disease with groups of red lesions that leave spots behind when they heal. It is sometimes associated with cancer of an internal organ. Eczema — A superficial type of inflammation of the skin that may be very itchy and weeping in the early stages; later, the affected skin becomes crusted, scaly, and thick. There is no known cause.

Hodgkin's disease — A type of cancer characterized by a slowly-enlarging lymph tissue; symptoms include generalized itching. Lichen planus — A noncancerous, chronic itchy skin disease that causes small, flat purple plaques on wrists, forearm, ankles. Neurodermatitis — An itchy skin disease (also called lichen simplex chronicus) found in nervous, anxious people. Pruriceptors — Nerve endings specialized to perceive itching sensations. Pruritus — The medical term for itching. Psoriasis — A common, chronic skin disorder that causes red patches anywhere on the body. Occasionally, the lesions may itch. Scabies — A contagious parasitic skin disease characterized by intense itching. Swimmer's itch — An allergic skin inflammation caused by a sensitivity to flatworms that die under the skin, causing an itchy rash. pruritus [proo-ri´tus] an unpleasant sensation of the skin, provoking the desire to scratch or rub it; called also itching . adj., adj prurit´ic. It is common in many types of skin disorders, especially allergic inflammation and parasitic infestations.

Systemic diseases that may cause pruritus include diabetes mellitus (pruritus vulvae) and liver disorders with jaundice. Hemorrhoids are often accompanied by rectal pruritus. Emotional distress plays an important role in the development and control of this disturbing symptom. Unless pruritus is relieved the patient may become exhausted from lack of sleep. Cleanliness, soothing ointments or lotions, sodium bicarbonate baths, and sometimes tranquilizing drugs are used in the relief of pruritus. Since it is a symptom of some other disorder, complete cure of pruritus depends on control of the primary illness. pruritus a´ni intense chronic itching in the anal region. pruritus seni´lis itching in the aged, due to degeneration of the skin. uremic pruritus generalized itching associated with chronic renal failure and not attributable to other internal or skin disease. pruritus vul´vae intense itching of the external genitalia in the female. itch·ing (itch'ing), An uncomfortable sensation of irritation of the skin or mucous membranes that causes scratching or rubbing of the affected parts. acarophobia.

itching /itch·ing/ (ich´ing) pruritus; an unpleasant cutaneous sensation, provoking the desire to scratch or rub the skin. itching Pruritus Dermatology A tingling or irritation of skin that compels scratching, due to local or generalized causes Types Insect bites/stings; chemical irritants–poison ivy, stinging nettle, laundry detergents; environmental–drying, sunburn; hives; parasites–lice; infections–folliculitis, chickenpox; allergies; liver disease with jaundice; drug reactions Diagnostic workup CBC and differential, ESR, SPEP, allergy tests, “rule out” tests Management Topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, tranquilizers itch·ing (ich'ing) An uncomfortable sensation of irritation of the skin or mucous membranes that causes scratching or rubbing of the affected parts. Synonym(s): pruritus (1) . itching A tickling or irritating sensation causing a desire to rub or scratch. Itching is caused by the stimulation of certain nerve-endings in the skin, probably by certain enzymes called endopeptidases. Severe itching is called PRURITUS . See also FORMICATION .

itching Itching: 70 Causes, Pictures, & Treatments Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Itchy skin, also known as pruritus, is an irritating and uncontrollable sensation that makes you want to scratch to relieve the feeling. The possible causes for itchiness range from internal illnesses, such as kidney or liver disease, to skin rashes,... Read more Itchy skin, also known as pruritus, is an irritating and uncontrollable sensation that makes you want to scratch to relieve the feeling. The possible causes for itchiness range from internal illnesses, such as kidney or liver disease, to skin rashes , allergies , and dermatitis . It’s important to see a doctor for itchiness if the cause isn’t obvious. A doctor can find the underlying cause and provide treatments for relief. Several home remedies such as over-the-counter creams and moisturizers work well for itching. Causes of Itching Itchiness can be generalized (all over the body) or localized to one small region or spot. The possible causes are numerous and varied.

It may be a result of something very serious, such as kidney failure or diabetes (though uncommon), or can come from something less severe, such as dry skin or insect bites (more likely). Skin Conditions Many skin conditions that are common can cause itchy skin. The following can affect any area of skin on the body: dermatitis: inflammation of the skin eczema : a chronic skin disorder that includes itchy, scaly rashes psoriasis : an autoimmune disease that causes skin redness and irritation, usually in the form of plaques dermatographism: a raised, red, itchy rash caused by pressure on the skin Infections that cause itching include: anti-convulsant medications Pregnancy Some women experience itching when pregnant. It usually occurs on the breasts, arms, abdomen, or thighs. Sometimes this is due to a preexisting condition, such as eczema, that is made worse by the pregnancy. When to Seek Medical Help See your doctor if: you don’t know what’s causing your itching it’s severe you experience other symptoms along with the itching. It’s important to see your doctor for a diagnosis when the cause isn’t obvious because some of the causes of itching are serious, yet treatable conditions.

Diagnosing the Cause of Your Itch Your doctor will give you a physical examination and will ask you several questions about your symptoms, such as: How long have you had the irritation? Does it come and go? Have you been in contact with any irritating substances? Do you have allergies? Where is the itching most severe? What medications are you taking (or have recently taken)? You may need to undergo more tests if your doctor can’t determine the cause of your itching from your answers and a physical exam. Tests include: blood test: may indicate an underlying condition test of your thyroid function : can rule out thyroid issues skin test: to determine if you’re having an allergic reaction to something scraping or biopsy of your skin: can determine if you have an infection Once your doctor has pinpointed the cause of your itchiness, you can be treated. If the cause is a disease or infection, your doctor will suggest the best course of treatment for the underlying problem. When the cause is more superficial, you may receive a prescription for a cream that will help relieve the itching. Home Care for Itching At home, there are several things you can do to prevent and relieve itchy skin.

Try: using a good moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated avoiding scratching, which can worsen the itch staying away from soaps, detergents, and other substances that contain perfumes and color dyes rying over-the-counter anti-itch creams taking an oral antihistamine Most itching is treatable and doesn’t indicate a serious problem. However, it’s best to check with your doctor to confirm a diagnosis and treatment. We pick these items based on the quality of the products, and list the pros and cons of each to help you determine which will work best for you. We partner with some of the companies that sell these products, which means Healthline may receive a portion of the revenues when you buy something using the links below. 1 Itching: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia For itching that does not go away or is severe, see your health care provider. In the meantime, you can take steps to help deal with the itch: Do not scratch or rub the itchy areas. Keep fingernails short to avoid damaging the skin from scratching. Family members or friends may be able to help by calling attention to your scratching. Wear cool, light, loose bedclothes.

Avoid wearing rough clothing, such as wool, over an itchy area. Take lukewarm baths using little soap and rinse thoroughly. Try a skin-soothing oatmeal or cornstarch bath. Apply a soothing lotion after bathing to soften and cool the skin. Use moisturizer on the skin, especially in the dry winter months. Dry skin is a common cause of itching. Apply cold compresses to an itchy area. Avoid prolonged exposure to excessive heat and humidity. Do activities that distract you from the itching during the day and make you tired enough to sleep at night. Try over-the-counter oral antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Be aware of possible side effects such as drowsiness. Try over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream on itchy areas. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your provider if you have itching that: Is severe Cannot be easily explained Also call if you have other, unexplained symptoms. With most itching, you do not need to see a provider. Look for an obvious cause of itching at home. It is sometimes easy for a parent to find the cause of a child's itching.

Looking closely at the skin will help you identify any bites, stings, rashes, dry skin, or irritation. Have the itching checked out as soon as possible if it keeps returning and does not have a clear cause, you have itching all over your body, or you have hives that keep returning. Unexplained itching may be a symptom of a disease that could be serious. What to Expect at Your Office Visit Your provider will examine you. You'll also be asked about the itching. Questions may include when it began, how long it has lasted, and whether you have it all the time or only at certain times. You may also be asked about medicines you take, whether you have allergies, or if you have been ill recently. Alternative Names Overview - Itchy skin (pruritus) - Mayo Clinic Itchy skin (pruritus) Print Itchy skin is an uncomfortable, irritating sensation that makes you want to scratch. Also known as pruritus (proo-RIE-tus), itchy skin is usually caused by dry skin. It's common in older adults, as skin tends to become drier with age. Depending on the cause of your itchy skin, it may appear normal.

Or it may be red or rough or have bumps or blisters. Repeated scratching can cause raised, thickened areas of skin that may bleed or become infected. Self-care measures such as moisturizing, using anti-itch products and taking cool baths can help relieve itchy skin. Long-term relief requires identifying and treating the cause of itchy skin. Itchy skin treatments include medications, wet dressings and light therapy. References Fazio SB, et al. Pruritis: Overview of management. Accessed Aug. 5, 2016. Cassano N, et al. Chronic pruritus in the absence of specific skin disease. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2010;11:399. Goldsmith LA, et al., eds. Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of pruritus. In: Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 8th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012. Accessed Aug. 18, 2016. Yosipovitch G, et al. Chronic pruritis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368:1625.

Gibson LE (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Sept. 22, 2016. Fazio SB, et al. Pruritis: Etiology and patient evaluation. Accessed Aug. 23, 2016. Cunningham FG, et al. Dermatological disorders. In: Williams Obstetrics. 24th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2014. Accessed Aug. 25, 2016. Related Skin Problems & Treatments: Diagnosis & Tests Guide Acute Skin Problems Many skin problems are temporary and can be treated with medications or simply with time. Learn more here. Cold Sores Cold sores -- also called fever blisters -- are a painful infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Plantar Warts and Palmer Warts Plantar warts and Palmer warts are common, especially in children. These warts are named for where they appear on the body. Palmer warts occur on the hands, and plantar warts on the bottom of the foot. Hair Loss Learn about causes of hair loss including different types of alopecia.

Blisters A single blister is usually the result of friction or a minor burn, typically on the hands or feet. Chafing Chafing can occur anywhere on your body, but the thighs, groin, underarms, and nipples are particularly vulnerable. Corns and Calluses Corns and calluses can be annoying, but your body actually forms them to protect sensitive skin. Corns and calluses are often confused with one another. Sunburn Here's what you need to know about how to keep your skin safe and where to find sunburn relief if you do linger on your lounger too long. Ingrown Hair Sometimes dead skin can clog up a hair follicle. That forces the hair inside it to grow sideways under the skin, rather than upward and outward. Muehrcke's Lines of the Fingernails Muehrcke's lines appear as double white lines that run across the fingernails horizontally. The condition is named after Robert Muehrcke, MD. He first described the condition in the British Medical Journal in 1956. Gangrene Gangrene is a condition that occurs when body tissue dies. It is caused by a loss of blood supply due to an underlying illness, injury, and/or infection.

Fingers, toes, and limbs are most often affected, but gangrene can also occur inside the body, damaging organs and muscles. Rashes A rash indicates an abnormal change in skin color or texture. Rashes are usually caused by skin inflammation, which can have many causes. Dermatitis In most people, the early stages of dermatitis are characterized by red, dry, and itchy skin. More serious dermatitis may result in crusty scales or blisters that ooze fluid. Bedbugs Bedbugs are small, oval, brownish insects that live on the blood of animals or humans. Adult bedbugs have flat bodies about the size of an apple seed. After feeding, however, their bodies swell and are a reddish color. Itching Finding the cause of the itching and treating any underlying skin disease is the first step in solving pruritus. Cysts and Skin Lumps There are a number skin conditions that cause lumps and bumps to appear on the surface or just below the skin. This article covers some of the most common ones.

Hives Urticaria, also known as hives, is an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques (wheals) on the skin that appear suddenly -- either as a result of the body's adverse reaction to certain allergens, or for unknown reasons. Alopecia Areata Alopecia is the medical term for baldness; there are various types of alopecia, including alopecia areata. Vitiligo Vitiligo is a condition in which white patches develop on the skin. Any location on the body can be affected and most people with vitiligo have white patches on many areas of the body. Varicose Veins and Spider Veins Varicose veins are large, raised, swollen blood vessels that twist and turn. They usually develop in the legs and can be seen through the skin. Intertrigo Intertrigo is a fancy name for a rash that shows up between the folds of skin. It is a very common skin rash that can crop up throughout life. Lice and Scabies Lice and scabies are highly contagious skin conditions that involve parasites living on or in your skin.

Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are all plants that can cause a temporary, irritating rash when they come in contact with your skin. This rash is a form of allergic contact dermatitis. Bruises A bruise is a common skin injury that results in a discoloration of the skin. Blood from damaged blood cells deep beneath the skin collects near the surface of the skin resulting in what we think of as a black and blue mark. Epidermoid and Sebaceous Cysts Many people often call any small, painless lump under the skin "sebaceous cysts." But those are most often epidermoid cysts. Top Picks

Question: Pruritus is the medical name for which skin condition in humans?
Answer: Itching