Japanese Macaque (Macaca Fuscata) - Animals - A-Z Animals Japanese Macaque Five groups that classify all living things Animalia A group of animals within the animal kingdom Chordata A group of animals within a pylum Mammalia A group of animals within a class Primates A group of animals within an order Cercopithecidae A group of animals within a family Macaca Comprised of the genus followed by the species Macaca fuscata Most widely used name for the species Japanese Macaque The domestic group such as cat or dog Mammal The specific area where the animal lives Tropical forest and mountains The colour of the animal's coat or markings Brown, Grey The protective layer of the animal Fur How long (L) or tall (H) the animal is 80cm - 95cm (31.5in - 37.5in) The measurement of how heavy the animal is 5kg - 14kg (11lbs - 31lbs) What kind of foods the animal eats Omnivore The food that the animal gains energy from Fruit, Young Leaves, Seeds Other animals that hunt and eat the animal Human, Wolf, Feral Dog Whether the animal is solitary or soci

able Diurnal How long the animal lives for 25 - 32 years The average number of babies born at once 1 The likelihood of the animal becoming extinct Threatened Red and human-like, naked face Fun Fact: Has cheek pouches for storing food!

Japanese Macaque Location Japanese Macaque Japanese Macaque Classification and Evolution The Japanese Macaque is a medium sized Monkey found in a variety of different habitats throughout Japan . The Japanese Macaque is also known as the Snow Monkey as they are often found living in colder regions of the country where heavy snowfall is common during the winter. They are the world's most northern living Monkey species and have adapted incredibly to their surroundings and changing seasons. There are two different subspecies of Japanese Macaque, one which is found across northern and mainland Japan , and the other is restricted to one of the country's southern islands . The two differ very slightly in size and appearance. Japanese Macaque Anatomy and Appearance The Japanese Macaque has a stocky body with a naked, red face that is said to resemble that of a Human . Their thick, furry coat is usually grey or brown in colour , sometimes with a slightly mottled pattern, and grows thicker during the winter months to allow the Japanese Macaque to stay warm in freezing conditions. Like other Monkey species , the Japanese Macaque has opposable thumbs, allowing it to grasp and hold objects and is able to walk on just it's hind legs when it has something in it's hands.

The Japanese Macaque also has large pouches in it's cheeks, to allow the Japanese Macaque to store food whilst foraging. They have a relatively short tail for their body size (in the same way as other primarily ground-dwelling Monkeys), and males tend to be somewhat larger than their female counterparts. Japanese Macaque Distribution and Habitat The Japanese Macaque is found in four separate regions in Japan throughout a variety of habitats from subtropical jungles to hot mountain springs, in forested hills, across highlands and high up in the mountains . In the northern and central parts of Japan , Japanese Macaques have to contend with seasonal changes with temperatures ranging from -15 degrees Centigrade in the winter to more than 23 in the summer, where the vegetation primarily consists of deciduous trees and conifers. In their most southern range, on the island of Yaku-Shima, the Japanese Macaques live amongst tropical broad-leaf forests that are subjected to less seasonal change. In central Japan , the Japanese Macaques are found in the mountains , where they warm themselves in the hot springs that are heated by nearby volcanoes.

Japanese Macaque Behaviour and Lifestyle Japanese Macaques live together in troops that are led by the alpha male and usually consist of between 20 and 30 individuals. The alpha male not only helps to sire young, but also decides where the troop should go, and protects it from both predators and other Japanese Macaque troops. Social rank is very important in Japanese Macaque society, and consist of both males and females, with the male's rank often determined by his age. Offspring however, are also thought to inherit the rank of their mother with younger siblings often outranking their older brothers and sisters. Japanese Macaques are incredibly sociable animals , particularly the females who tend to remain in the same troop for their whole lives, and spend their time together, grooming and raising the troop's young. Japanese Macaque Reproduction and Life Cycles Female Japanese Macaques tend to reach sexual maturity about a year earlier than males, at between the ages of four and five. She usually chooses her mate by his rank, and after a gestation period that lasts for up to 6 months, the female Japanese Macaque gives birth to a single infant.

Baby Japanese Macaques are incredibly dependent on their mother and remain clinging to her for their first couple of years, meaning that mother and baby often have a very close bond. Once weaned, males often leave the troop and spend their lives travelling between others, while females generally remain in the same troop that they were born into. Japanese Macaques tend to live for a relatively long time, often reaching ages of 30 years old or more. Japanese Macaque Diet and Prey The Japanese Macaque is an omnivorous animal meaning that it forages for both plants and smaller animals in order to survive. Unlike a number of other Monkey species , Japanese Macaques are primarily ground-dwelling so the majority of their foraging is done on the ground. They mainly eat fruits, berries, seeds, young leaves and flowers which they pick from the surrounding vegetation before storing it in their cheek pouches, so that they can continue to gather more. They also supplement their diet with Crabs , Insects and Bird's eggs particularly during the colder winter months when their are slim pickings on the branches. Japanese Macaque babies feed on their mother's milk until they are able to begin eating more solid foods.

Japanese Macaque Predators and Threats Due to their fairly large size and diverse habitat ranges, the Japanese Macaque has no real predators in their natural environment , perhaps with the exception of the occasional hungry Wolf or Feral Dog . Humans are the primarily threat to the Japanese Macaque as they are often killed by farmers when they approach livestock and crops. However, the only reason that these conflicts occur is that the Japanese Macaque is being pushed into smaller and smaller pockets of it's native ranges, due to deforestation and growing Human settlements. During the colder winter months, Japanese Macaque individuals in the north are also known to sleep in the deciduous trees to protect them from being buried in large amounts of snow during the night. Japanese Macaque Interesting Facts and Features The females are actually very picky when choosing a mate, as they will not mate with a male Japanese Macaque that they have mated with in the past few years, to prevent interbreeding within the troop. Japanese Macaques, particularity in the north, have different home ranges for the changing seasons which leads to their wide variety in diet and different habitats . They are incredibly intelligent and adaptable animals and are known to pass new behaviours through the generations.

In the mid 1900's a female was seen entering a hot spring to gather dropped soy beans and today, whole troops can be seen resting in the steaming waters to keep themselves warm. Japanese Macaque Relationship with Humans Like many of the 22 Monkey species found across Japan , the Japanese Macaque is often loved and protected by the native people. However, growing Human settlements and land clearance for logging and agriculture has meant that Japanese Macaques have lost vast areas of their natural habitats , and often have to approach farmland in order to find better food supplies. It is estimated that, despite being a protected species in Japan today, around 5,000 Japanese Macaque individuals are killed every year by farmers who claim to be protecting their livestock and their crops. In the Nagano Mountains in central Japan though, the Japanese Macaques that bath in the hot springs, have become one of the country's most desirable tourist attractions. Japanese Macaque Conservation Status and Life Today Today, the Japanese Macaque has been listed as a Threatened species by the IUCN, with the southern subspecies of Japanese Macaque actually listed as Endangered.

This means that both have been subjected to loss of their natural habitats and population numbers have dropped throughout the country. It is estimated that there could be as few as 50,000 individuals remaining in Japan today, but numbers are still declining particularly seeing that they are often killed, as they are seen as pests by local people. Share This Article Learn how you can use or cite the Japanese Macaque article in your website content, school work and other projects. First Published: 6th April 2011, Last Updated: 9th January 2017 [View Sources] Sources: 1. About Japanese Macaques (Date Unknown) Available at: [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 2. David Burnie, Dorling Kindersley (2008) Illustrated Encyclopedia Of Animals [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 3. David Burnie, Kingfisher (2011) The Kingfisher Animal Encyclopedia [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 4. David W.

Macdonald, Oxford University Press (2010) The Encyclopedia Of Mammals [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 5. Dorling Kindersley (2006) Dorling Kindersley Encyclopedia Of Animals [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 6. Japanese Macaque Diet (Date Unknown) Available at: [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 7. Japanese Macaque Habitat (Date Unknown) Available at: [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 8. Japanese Macaque Information (Date Unknown) Available at: [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 9. Japanese Macaque Species (Date Unknown) Available at: [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 10. Richard Mackay, University of California Press (2009) The Atlas Of Endangered Species [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] 11.

Tom Jackson, Lorenz Books (2007) The World Encyclopedia Of Animals [Accessed at: 06 Apr 2011] Are you Safe? Are You Safe? is an online safety campaign by A-Z-Animals.com. If something has upset you, the Are You Safe? campaign can help you to speak to someone who can help you. Macaque | Define Macaque at Dictionary.com macaque noun 1. any monkey of the genus Macaca, chiefly of Asia, characterized by cheek pouches and, usually, a short tail: several species are threatened or endangered. Origin of macaque 1690-1700; < French < Portuguese macaco monkey. See macaco Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for macaque Expand "Gombo Zhbes" Lafcadio Hearn Instead of a small crest of hair, which is found on the top of the head of the macaque, this animal has it sharp and pointed. British Dictionary definitions for macaque Expand noun 1. any of various Old World monkeys of the genus Macaca, inhabiting wooded or rocky regions of Asia and Africa.

Typically the tail is short or absent and cheek pouches are present Word Origin C17: from French, from Portuguese macaco, from Fiot (a W African language) makaku, from kaku monkey Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for macaque Expand n. East Indian monkey, 1757, from French macaque, from Portuguese macaco "monkey," a Bantu word brought from Africa to Brazil (where it was applied 17c. to a type of monkey there). Introduced as a genus name 1840.

Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Primate Factsheets: Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) Behavior Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology | >Behavior< | Conservation | References | Links | AV SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND BEHAVIOR Rhesus macaques live in large, multi-male/multi-female groups that have an average of 10 to 80 individuals, regardless of habitat type. Groups may number in the hundreds in mountainous areas and areas of high human food subsidization or agricultural habitats (Lindburg 1971; Seth & Seth 1986; Qu et al. 1993; Southwick et al. 1996). Rhesus groups are characterized by female philopatry and male dispersal; females remain in their natal groups and form dominance hierarchies according to their matrilineal kinship while males emigrate from their natal groups at the beginning of the breeding season shortly before puberty, and may transfer groups throughout their lives in search of mating opportunities (Melnick et al. 1984).

Female rhesus macaques very rarely leave their natal groups (Fooden 2000). Among females, rank remains relatively stable over a lifetime and is passed on to female offspring. Each female rises in rank above her older sister, and therefore when old, high-ranking females disappear or die, they are usually replaced by their youngest daughters (Seth 2000). One of the benefits of dominance for a rhesus macaque is priority access to food and space. High-ranking females have greater access to feeding sites because they displace lower-ranking females and they are less likely to be disturbed during feeding compared to subordinates (Deutsch & Lee 1991). Because they have cheek pouches, though, low-ranking females do not consume less food than high-ranking females, they simply store as much as they can into their cheek pouches and then move away from the group to eat (Deutsch & Lee 1991). This method of feeding is more energetically expensive than remaining in the same area while feeding, so low-ranking females may be consuming the same amount but using more energy to consume it (Deutsch & Lee 1991).

Dominance status and rank among males is not stable over a lifetime, compared to female rhesus macaques. Immature males inherit the rank of their mothers, but as they mature, their status changes based upon a combination of social and aggressive skills (Lindburg 1971; Berard 1999; Bercovitch pers. comm.). Aggression is sometimes used to establish and reinforce social position, though, and aggressive behavior seen in macaques includes slapping, pushing, pulling fur, tail yanking, and biting as well as other non-contact behaviors such as displays and threats (Lindburg 1971). Once males attain dominant status, they enjoy this rank for an average of two years before being displaced by another male (Bercovitch 1997). REPRODUCTION Females reach puberty around age three while males are sexually mature by age four (Rawlins & Kessler 1986b). The ovarian cycle lasts for 28 days and is characterized by the darkening of the skin surrounding the anogenital region accompanied by menstruation (Catchpole & van Wagenen 1975).

Estrus lasts for eight to 12 days, with the day of ovulation occurring at the midpoint of the estrus period. Females have increased sexual activity during ovulation, exhibiting the highest number of copulations seen during the ovarian cycle (Fooden 2000). Females reproduce from three until about 20 years of age (Rawlins & Kessler 1986b). Males reach puberty between three and 3.5 years of age but do not reach adult body size until about eight years old (Dixson & Nevison 1997; Bercovitch et al. 2003). Though males are capable of reproducing by age four, they are not reproductively successful until after age eight, or when they reach adult size. During this time between becoming sexually mature and when they begin to mate, young rhesus macaques are learning the social skills, including fighting ability, that will influence their success throughout their lives (Bercovitch et al. 2003). Both males and females reach sexual maturity sooner in captivity (Catchpole & van Wagenen 1975).

There is marked birth seasonality in rhesus macaques, with the majority of mating occurring in October through December and births coinciding with the end of the rainy season, or during the period of highest food abundance (Lindburg 1971; Qu et al. 1993). At Cayo Santiago, the mating season is much longer and begins in July and lasts until December (Chapais 1986). High-ranking males have more opportunities to mate with females than low-ranking males, but do not always sire a disproportionate number of infants. Lower-ranking males may have similar reproductive success compared to high-ranking males because they are new immigrants and are more attractive to females because of this (Berard 1999). From one breeding season to the next, females will drastically reduce the amount of mating they do with familiar males and over a period of three years, they try not to mate with any familiar males given the opportunity to mate with unfamiliar males (Bercovitch 1997; Berard 1999). During the breeding season, females enter into consortships with one or more males. An individual female will spend longer amounts of time in contact with, grooming, and mating with these males.

Males and female rhesus macaques are promiscuous breeders, mating multiple times with multiple mates (Lindburg 1971). Both males and females initiate these consort relationships and competition for access to mates is related to the high levels of aggression seen in rhesus macaque groups during this time of year. Gestation lasts 164 days in rhesus macaques and the interbirth interval is between 12 and 24 months (Fooden 2000). If a female does not have a successful pregnancy or her infant dies in the first year of life, she is more likely to give birth the following season than a female who successfully rears an infant (Seth 2000). PARENTAL CARE While the majority of parental care is the responsibility of the mother, rhesus infants are also handled by close female relatives and protected by adult males. In the first few days, the infant is carried ventrally and protected from other group members by the mother.

Ventral clinging is the position most frequently adopted during travel for the first four months of life, but rhesus infants begin to ride dorsally for short periods during the second week (Lindburg 1971). By six weeks of age, locomotor skills are developed enough for the infant to move independently, but they do not move very quickly at this age, and if the mother is traveling too quickly, she will pick up the infant and carry it (Lindburg 1971). Some young rhesus are carried until they reach one year of age, though it is rare. During early infancy, rhesus macaques nurse exclusively for the first two weeks of life, after which they begin to experiment with solid food. At about four months of age, rhesus mothers begin to resist the attempts of their offspring to nurse, and young rhesus macaques are fully weaned by the birth of their next sibling (Fooden 2000). Exploration off of the mother begins as early as five days old and continues to increase so that by the third week, the infant breaks physical contact with the mother as frequently as possible (Lindburg 1971).

During this time, juvenile and adolescent females are intensely interested in the infant and will approach the mother and groom her in an attempt to get near the infant. When an infant is off the mother, a young rhesus female will touch the infant and try to carry it, but the mother is watchful of this interaction and any sign of distress from the infant may elicit an aggressive response from the mother towards the younger female (Lindburg 1971; Berman 1986). This practice of " aunting " behavior seen in young female rhesus macaques will influence their ability to successfully raise infants (Seth 2000). Mother rhesus macaques show differential investment in their offspring depending on the sex of the infant. Maestripieri (2001) argued that rhesus mothers invest more energy into rearing daughters than sons as is evidenced by a female-biased birth ratio and longer interbirth intervals following the successful rearing of daughters compared to sons.

He hypothesized that because mortality rates are higher among infant males, then in order for a mother rhesus to maximize her reproductive output, she should invest the most amount of energy into the infant that is more likely to survive. Females have higher survival rates than males, possibly due to lower disease or stress levels than males, an adult female should not invest as heavily in a male that is more likely to die (Maestripieri 2001). On the other hand, Bercovitch and Berman (1993) found that on Cayo Santiago, mothers who had sons had a delay in the next reproduction, and therefore there is a higher cost in producing males, not females. COMMUNICATION Vocal and gestural communication is important in rhesus macaques. Facial expression, body postures, and gestures are all forms of non-vocal communication among rhesus macaques and are important in interactions between individuals at short distances (Partan 2002). One facial expression that is seen throughout macaque species and is one of the most common expressions in rhesus macaques is the "silent bared teeth" face (Maestripieri 1999).

Among rhesus macaques this is seen between individuals of differing rank with the lower-ranking or submissive animal performing the "silent bared teeth" face to the dominant animal (Flack et al. 2000). Another common facial expression used in dominance interactions include a "fear grimace" accompanied by a scream, heard in frightened animals and used to appease or redirect aggression (Rowe 1996). Dominant animals use a silent "open mouth stare" as a threat to other animals; this is accompanied by the tail sticking straight out behind the body with the monkey standing quadrupedally (Partan 2002). Another common visual communication signal is the "present rump," where the tail is raised and the genitals are exposed to the more dominant individual (Maestripieri 1999). Vocalizations of rhesus macaques include "coos" and "grunts," which are commonly heard expressions during group movement, during affiliative interactions, and when one animal approaches another to groom (Hauser 1998). "Warbles," "harmonic arches," and "chirps," are heard in the context of finding high-quality, rare food items.

The most common alarm call heard among rhesus macaques, the "shrill bark," is emitted in threatening situations and is consists of a single, loud, high-pitched sound (Lindburg 1971). Vocalizations made during aggressive interactions include "screeches," "screams," "squeaks," "pant-threats," "growls," and "barks" (Lindburg 1971). Infants have their own repertoire of vocalizations which include "geckers," which are harsh staccato sounds heard during weaning conflict. It is usually heard along with convulsive jerks of the body, and looks and sounds much like a human child's temper tantrum (Lindburg 1971; Partan 2002). Content last modified: July 20, 2005 Written by Kristina Cawthon Lang . Reviewed by Fred Bercovitch . Cite this page as: Cawthon Lang KA. 2005 July 20. Primate Factsheets: Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) Behavior . < Accessed 2017 January 20.

Rhesus macaque photos | Animals in Research and Teaching Documents Rhesus macaque photos UW–Madison psychiatry professor Ned Kalin treats people who suffer from anxiety disorders and studies the causes and mechanisms of those disorders. Abnormal levels of anxiety in childhood can increase the risk of mental illness in adolescents and adults, with consequences as dire as suicide — the world’s leading cause of violent death. Research by Kalin and colleagues has shown that brain alterations in young rhesus monkeys contribute to abnormal anxiety. Their work has identified specific parts of the brain contributing to anxiety problems, and demonstrated that anxiety issues can be inherited. Kalin’s research incorporates human and rhesus monkeys. The two have similar brain structures, biology, and responses to stress, making monkeys an important way to study and better understand the fundamental causes of psychiatry disorders. The images below were taken by staff at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center in May of 2014 at the request of a journalist who toured the center while reporting on Kalin’s work. The images depict several rhesus monkeys (like those that have helped inform Kalin’s research) and some of the housing and different facilities at the primate center.

These images reflect aspects of animal care and housing that are joint efforts of the scientists conducting research, behavioral management, and veterinary clinical staff to balance the needs of the animals with the aims of the research. Animals ranging from infant to adult are shown in their regular housing and in specially designed play enclosures. The current clinical nursery — in which infants rejected by their mothers are raised — is shown, with pictures of the incubator and two very young monkeys playing together. Although the monkeys housed at the Primate Research Center participate in different research projects, all receive daily care, enrichment, and oversight of their clinical and behavioral welfare by veterinarians and by behaviorists. Like the other national primate centers funded by the National Institutes of Health, the Primate Research Center has a division charged with veterinary care and a division charged with behavioral management, environmental enrichment, and animal welfare assessment. The veterinary services staff provides expert clinical care to meet the physical health needs of the center’s diverse primate colony. Veterinary staff directs the daily care, feeding, and husbandry of center animals, also engaging in health testing, vaccinations, and treatment of any injuries. Veterinarians are also responsible for the procedures, housing, and daily oversight of the clinical nursery in which infant monkeys may be raised.

The Primate Research Center’s behavioral management team directs efforts to promote psychological well-being for the colony. As part of this work, for example, animals are provided with environmental enrichment that includes opportunities for cognitive engagement via toys and puzzles, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables and other varied foods via foraging puzzles. The behavioral management team is also charged with socialization of the monkey colony, facilitating and maintaining compatible social pairs and groups of monkeys. Cognitive engagement, exercise opportunities, and socialization are promoted by continuing movement towards new forms of housing and caging, some of which is shown below. The behavioral management team also advises the clinical nursery veterinary and care staff in order to provide specialty expertise for the cognitive, motor, and social needs of infant monkeys as they develop. The clinical nursery exists to provide for the care and developmental needs of infant primates that are ill, or that are rejected by their mothers. The first priority for care of these animals is to make sure that they are healthy. Thus, in the first month of life, it is critical to monitor temperature regulation, feeding and normal body functions. Attempts are made to reintroduce healthy infants to their mothers — or to foster mothers, if one is available.

If these efforts are not successful, and an infant must remain in the nursery, it is paired with an age-mate peer. As the infants mature, their motor, perceptual and social development are ensured through a variety of efforts guided by many decades of scientific research and best practices developed to promote normal development. Perceptual, cognitive, and social development is promoted with play cage sessions in which they interact with other monkeys in a play environment that contains colorful toy and climbing structures. The monkeys’ nutritional and medical needs, as well as human contact, are provided by daily care and interaction by dedicated nursery staff who feed, monitor, clean, and care for the infants. An incubator for newborn monkeys helps to maintain the animal’s body temperature in the clinical nursery. The incubator parallels the environment provided by the mother, with a bottle to provide milk, a water bottle, and a fuzzy movable “surrogate” that provides comfort and postural support. An infant monkey nurses from a bottle held by a dedicated animal care provider. Infant monkeys play together with balls and toys in play pens outfitted with swings and other structures to provide for social well-being, cognitive engagement, and exploration opportunities. Rhesus mother and infant nursing and spending time together in their home environment.

Some studies require veterinarians and researchers to examine monkeys’ brains and other organs after death. Following humane euthanasia similar to that in clinical veterinary practice, samples are collected for those studies in this necropsy room New enclosures continue to be developed to allow larger and more complex living spaces and enable monkeys to be housed in social groups. These enclosures improve the welfare of the animals and also allow access to the animals for study Procedure rooms provide clean safe environments free of clutter, much like one would see in a doctor’s office or veterinary clinic. Behavioral assessments and other research activities take place in procedure rooms like this Cages come in many shapes, sizes and configurations to accommodate the size of the monkeys and other housing needs of the animals at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center. This picture depicts one type of housing. It is empty and is in a storage area, thus does not contain toys, puzzles, or other enrichment devices that are always provided to monkeys.

Macaques are not pets (and they do not enjoy wearing lipstick) | human-impact | Earth Touch News Macaques are not pets (and they do not enjoy wearing lipstick) By Jason Goldman April 24 2015 Screengrab/YouTube Have you ever seen a macaque wearing red lipstick? I hadn't either, until earlier this week, when a video clip surfaced on the Daily Mail website showing an Ohio woman applying make-up to her pet macaque named Angel. While it's good practice not to buy into every attention-grabbing animal news story you read online, the extent to which people keep exotic pets and treat them inappropriately actually makes this one seem quite plausible, and deeper digging confirms it. In the complete video posted to YouTube in January, the monkey sits on a bathroom sink while her owner, Teresa Bullock, plucks out her eyebrows and applies moisturising cream, eyeliner, mascara and then the red lipstick. Meanwhile, the monkey smiles. The Mail reports that the animal is a Java macaque, which means that it is most likely a crab-eating macaque, also known as a long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), from the Indonesian island of Java.

To the untrained eye, that smile might appear as if the animal is enjoying the makeover, but in macaque societies, it's a sign of stress or fear called submissive grinning or the bared-teeth display. "The bared-teeth occurs primarily in response to threat or aggression, or in response to an approach by a dominant individual," writes primatologist Dario Maestripieri in the journal Evolution of Communication. "In this context, the most likely meaning of the bared-teeth is 'I am afraid' or 'Do not attack me,' or a combination of both." The monkey can also be seen in the video opening and closing her mouth. That "lip-smacking", as it is known, is also a sign of submission or fear. "Lip-smacking may be displayed by the victim of aggression but usually only after another submissive signal such as the bared-teeth …has occurred," writes Maestripieri. Which, perhaps not coincidentally, is precisely the order in which the monkey in the video displayed her submissive signals. Bullock also has a male crab-eating macaque that she calls Bugs.

"He's pretty content, got his pet cats, his own trampoline, got a TV, they go in and out of the heated area," she told FOX19 in 2013. According to that report, she also owns dogs, cats and pigs. It's no question that these animals do not make suitable pets. In the wild and in semi-naturalistic, ethically operated, accredited captive environments like zoos and sanctuaries, macaques of all sorts – there are 22 species in all – live in large groups ranging in size from ten to colonies of more than one hundred individuals. Females live out their lives in the groups into which they were born, while males seek out a new social group once they go through puberty. MORE: Why human babies should not be best friends with baby sloths Macaque societies have fairly strict linear dominance hierarchies, with males typically outranking females, and older individuals outranking younger ones. Related females rank alongside each other, for example, with daughters ranking just below their mothers. Angel and Bugs, living out their lives with humans and a menagerie of domestic animals, live a life that is nothing close to the one for which they've evolved.

These Old World monkeys can also be quite clever. Crab-eating macaques have even been observed using tools , selecting rocks and using them as anvils for cracking open shellfish and nuts. From an ethical perspective, not only are these animals unsuited for life among humans as pets, but in an even more wanton disregard for their welfare, Bullock seems to enjoy pretending that they're glorified dolls. A quick perusal of her Twitter account shows that while most of her tweets are rather mundane, she also dresses Angel in pink sparkly dresses and it looks like she may take her for rides on motorcycles and watercraft. "Angel…[has] health issues so she is a little more human than most because she has to have diabetic shots twice daily and a heart pill," said Bullock according to the Daily Mail report. That line of reasoning is also quite nonsensical, as diabetes and heart diseases are far from uniquely human; like most diseases, they occur in a variety of non-human animals. Diabetes, for example, afflicts domestic pets like dogs and cats , small mammals like rabbits , as well as a range of primates like woolly monkeys , sakis and even chimpanzees .

MORE: Endangered Madagascar lemurs illegally kept as pets According to one study conducted by researchers at the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo , nearly a third of zoos report having at least one diabetic primate, and while it's more common in Old World monkeys like macaques, it also occurs in New World monkeys. Nearly 80% of the diabetic primates discovered in that study were females, like Angel. The researchers suspect that diabetes mellitus ("type 2") occurs in captive primates for the same reason it develops in humans: high-calorie diets and a sedentary lifestyle. Thankfully, zoos are in a much better position to diagnose, assess, treat and prevent such illnesses than are individual exotic pet owners. From a legal perspective, Bullock may be in the clear. While it became illegal in Ohio to keep a "dangerous wild animal" on January 1, 2014 (and macaques like Angel and Bugs fall into that category), animals acquired before October 1, 2013 were allowed to remain with their owners as long as they were registered and permitted.

Until laws regarding animal welfare apply equally across the United States, it is concerning that owners of exotic pets, like Bullock, are completely free to treat the animals they own this way, and to advertise it online . How many others will see Bullock's YouTube videos and become convinced that they, too, want to own a monkey? It is depressingly easy to find one. Rhesus Macaque - Monkey Facts and Information Rhesus Macaque Rhesus Macaque – Macaca mulatta Introduction The Rhesus Macaque is also known as the Rhesus Monkey. It belongs to the Old World category and is among the best known. Description These are small Monkeys with pink faces that don’t have any fur on them. They may be brown or gray in color. They have a long tail that helps them to stay balanced and for leaping. Distribution The Northern portions of India are where you will find the Rhesus Macaque. Thailand, Vietnam, and South China are just a few of the places where they are found. They have the largest geographical location of any primate in the world other than humans. They enjoy open areas that are arid. However, they also live in the mountains at high elevations.

They can also live in wooded regions as they have a diverse ability to live in many habitats. In 1938 a large number of them were released in an area of Florida. They were moved there by a tour guide boat operator. It isn’t known how many of them remain though in that environment. However, most people believe that they were able to adapt to this new environment. The details on the story are hard to find though and you will find many different versions of the events online. Rhesus Macaque, mother and infant – Macaca mulatta. Morgan Island off of South Carolina is known to be home to some Rhesus Macaque that were deliberately moved there. This does indicate that they do very will in any type of environment. Behavior Swimming is a common event for the Rhesus Macaque. They do it to help them cross between the islands. The young can swim when they are just a few days old. They are often found to have drown though in areas where the waters was moving just too fast for them to swim. They are active both during the day and at night. They will live mainly in the trees but also on the land.

The groups can have as many as 40 members, with there being about 4 times as many females. There is a complex hierarch that is through the females. Her young will have their lineage in the group based on hers. Diet /Feeding Pine needles are part of their food supply. Roots, small insects, and leaves also make up their daily dietary intake. They are able to store food in the pouches of their cheeks. In many areas they have been known to go to humans for food that has been left out for them. They remember where to go for it though so now it has become a huge problem. Now villagers are trapping them and killing them to get them to stop coming around. Rhesus macaques grooming. Reproduction There isn’t a specific time of year for mating to occur with the Rhesus Macaque. As long as they have enough food and shelter it will be taking place. The females are mature around 3 years of age. It is about a year later for the males. After mating it takes about 164 days for the young to arrive. They are well cared for by their mothers. They are taught how to be important members of the group.

They are encouraged when they find food and when they call out to warn other members of dangers. Conservation In many areas the Rhesus Macaque isn’t welcome. The stories of the villagers talk about young children being taken by them even though such an event has never been witnessed. They will steal food from the villagers and that can make them very angry. The numbers of them aren’t well known but they aren’t believed to be endangered at this point in time. Categories Rhesus Monkeys, Rhesus Monkey Pictures, Rhesus Monkey Facts - National Geographic Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man Please add a "relative" entry to your dictionary. Rhesus monkeys are familiar brown primates with red faces and rears. They have close-cropped hair on their heads, which accentuates their very expressive faces. Rhesus monkeys are Asian, Old World monkeys. Their natural range includes Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Southeast Asia, and China. A few troops of introduced rhesus monkeys now live wild in Florida. These intelligent animals can adapt to many habitats, and some can even become accustomed to living in human communities.

This is most common in India, where Hindus regard the animals as sacred and usually leave them undisturbed. The rhesus monkey's typical diet includes roots, fruit, seeds, and bark, but also insects and small animals. They live in active, noisy troops that can include up to 200 animals. Though these monkeys are good climbers (and swimmers), troops spend a lot of time on the ground. Males are the dominant sex, but they do not remain with troops permanently, so female monkeys lead these communities. Because troops include multiple mature males and females, their members are sexually promiscuous. Females usually produce one young each year, which will be raised by its mother within the very social environment of the troop. Rhesus monkeys have an important history with humans and have aided a great deal of medical and scientific research. Rhesus antigens found in their blood enabled doctors to identify the different human blood groups. These primates also preceded humans into space.

Question: What type of animal is a macaque?
Answer: Monkey