Window Part Terminology Window Part Terminology Woodworkers try to bring order to the vocabulary universe and define "muntin," "mullion," "bar," "rail," and related window and door terminology. March 26, 2010 Question I had a pleasant discussion with a friend the other day about the real meaning of the terms muntins, mullions, bars and rails. I have a good deal of respect for this individual's intellectual knowledge of woodworking, but am curious how others define these items. When I told him I thought I'd write this post he thought it was a great idea. He wanted to know if others agreed with his definitions. I've been one of those that will describe the divider bars in windows as "muntins or mullions or whatever!" For years I've also referred to the vertical dividers that separate side by side panels as "vertical stiles." I've always known that I was probably wrong in making these references but never put out any effort to become more accurate. So, here are my friend's definitions, in my words. Do you agree? Mullion: a vertical space separating two architectural units such as a stud pocket between an entry door and a sidelight.

Not the divider bars between window panes. Rail: a horizontal component separating glass panes that goes between a pair of stiles just like the top, bottom and/or intermediate rails on a door. To be a rail, the part must cross the entire width of the opening in one unbroken piece. Bar: a component separating glass panes that goes either horizontally between a pair of stiles (another name for "rail") or vertically between a pair of rails in a door or window frame. In effect, if the part goes horizontally all the way across the opening it can be called a "rail" or a "bar," but if these primary unbroken components do the same thing vertically, then they are a "bar." Bar rail: totally unrelated to the above but clearly preferred by many at the end of a long hard day. Muntin: The shorter pane divider components that do not go all the way across the opening in one piece, but rather go only between the bars, rails or frame in short segments. Forum Responses I agree with your friend. From contributor T: If there's a bet riding on it, then you need an arbiter.

In my opinion, that arbiter should be the AWI manual, since they set the standards for all specified jobs. Their definition of mullion: an upright *or vertical* member between panels. Similar to a cross rail in the way it is fit and machined. Bar: A rabbeted moulding which extends the total height *or* width of the glass opening in a door. Muntin: A short bar, either horizontal *or* vertical, extending from a full bar to a stile, rail, or another bar. From contributor J: From Steven Mouzon's "Traditional Construction Patterns": Muntin: 1) A door muntin is any framing member that does not extend entirely from top to bottom of the door or from stile to stile. Muntins are most commonly used to divide vertical panels. 2) A window muntin is any framing member that divides panes of glass. He defines several specific types of rails, all of them horizontal members that cross an entire door from stile to stile, and all of them surrounding panels (not glass). Mullion: A member that joins wall openings such as doors, windows or cased openings (i.e.

the vertical casing that bridges the jambs of two windows set close together is a "casing mullion"). From contributor F: I don't know if I'm correct, but my understanding is: Stile - outside vertical frame member. Rail - outside horizontal frame member. Mullion - inside vertical member. Muntin - inside horizontal member. Bars - another description of muntins and mullions as a whole, i.e. barred (divided) glass as opposed to a single pane. From contributor D: I agree that while there are geographical differences in the terminology and applications, the diversity of definition arises mostly from the lack of continuity and formal education in our chosen profession. The shops I trained in were more than lax in linguistic accuracy, and "that thing" or "the stick" or "them sticks" sufficed for communication and de facto training. To ask for spelling or definitions would have caused such distrust as to seriously compromise one's ability to advance in such an environment. Our shop today relies more on drawings with dimensions than names, and mostly discriminates between verticals and horizontals.

We use the verb "mulled" more for joining sidelight frames to door frames than we use the noun "mull" to describe same. And "rail" is always horizontal, and more massive than a muntin, and can divide glass panels, glass from wood panels, or wood from wood panels. I carry a short piece of coped and stuck muntin bar to all the machinery shows - have for years. When a salesman approaches, I show the part, and ask how we can make the cope cut after the sides are profiled. He usually tapers off quickly and moves on to more likely prospects, but not after I try to get him to name the part. The regional names abound, and indeed, most people don't even know what they are looking at. From contributor U: Good question. I�ve always followed Cecil Hewett�s definitions, although if you learn one thing in this trade it�s that nothing should be considered definitive! �Astragel� is another term that can mean different things to different people. But on this specific issue, Hewett defines: Mullion � Vertical components of windows, placed in the void.

Muntin � Vertical members of paneled areas; the term may derive from mountants. The generally accepted use of "mullion" describes the vertical section that separates the two voids (the space before the windows are fitted) where two casements are placed side by side, or say, the vertical section(s) that separate the three parts of a combination sash (sometimes called a Venetian sash, although that can itself differ in detail) which will comprise part of the single window. Originally, of course, a mullion was the vertical post in what was originally just an unglazed opening in the wall to let in light, so the term pre-dates glass and windows as we think of them. Although I�ve heard "muntin" used in the way you describe (and I�m talking about the UK here), to me it�s always been the vertical bit between panels in, say, a cross-passage screen (referred to as panel and muntin), or wall paneling around a room (wainscoting). Jackson & Day in the glossary of their �Period Homes� book say: Muntin - A vertical member between panels (e.g.

of a door or wall paneling). Or another term for glazing bar (US). Mullion � A vertical member separating two windows. As for �bar� and �rail�, take your pick. I always have to ask the person I�m talking to if we�re referring to the same thing, just to make sure. My understanding of it is that a rail runs horizontally, a bar vertically, as in railway tracks and prison bars, which is how it was first described to me. Then in half-timbered houses you have posts and beams, which were explained to me as fence posts are fixed vertically and a torch beam shines horizontally. From contributor J: On a less erudite level, I once worked for a guy who called the dividers between panes of glass "mutton bars," which made me think he was describing a fence to restrain sheep, or perhaps a drying rack for lamb jerky...

From contributor U: Oh, and that reference to "astragels" should really also have included the fact that not only does the term mean different things to different people, it can also be spelled differently - either with a soft G as "astragel" or with a hard G as "astragal." And just to confuse it further, some UPVC guys use the term "astrical" bars to describe the stuck on duplex bars on double-glazed units. From contributor P: As defined in "Modern Carpentry", by Willis H. Wagner, first published in 1969: Mullion: "A slender bar or pier forming a division between units of windows, screens, or similar frames - generally nonstructural." Rail: "Cross or horizontal members of the framework of a sash, door, blind or other assembly." Stile: "The upright or vertical outside pieces of a sash, door, blind or screen." Bar: Not defined in the glossary of terms. But "sashbars" are mentioned in the muntin definition below. Bar rail: Something to lean on when having a beer. Muntin: 1. "Vertical member between two panels of the same piece of panel work." 2.

"The vertical and horizontal sashbars separating the different panes of glass in a window." Click here for higher quality, full size image From contributor U: That's got us in a bit deeper! The drawings make things simpler to refer to - many thanks. Your sash bars are (almost) universally referred to over here as "glazing bars" and defined further as either vertical or horizontal, which makes for an easier life. The "lock rail" is, again almost universally, referred to as the "meeting rail." As for door terminology, one term that is long gone is the "harr durn," or just "harr," which is the door stile to which the hinge is attached. Bringing it all together, Hewett, talking about Tolleshunt D'Arcy church in Essex (p205), "where flat planks were contrasted with the moulded v-sectioned muntins and edge framing. The highly contoured plank surfaces from Fobbing church were designed to produce an interesting surface that did not require the addition of any further items, such as muntins; and it was from this type that the more restrained 'creased' doors of the Elizabethan period were evolved." ...

"The iron hinges on the Fobbing door are of an earlier date and were designed for a flat surface, and the vertically moulded type of door gave rise to a change in hinging, the ironwork being redesigned so as to fasten to the rear face of the harr durn." Incidentally, one of the best books for UK (and I guess, to a great extent, the US) architectural woodworking field is "Care & Repair of Period Houses" by Albert Jackson & David Day, published by Collins. It's a hardback and probably one of the best books for anyone working on older buildings. Well worth the minor investment. From Gary Katz, forum technical advisor: What a great conversation. I've always agreed with the mullion as back-to-back jambs or trim on those jambs; and muntins just as they've been described - separating TDL glass (now they just install muntin grids). But I've never seen "field" stiles in wainscoting referred to as muntins. That would mean any stile on a cabinet face frame, which doesn't run from top to bottom on the frame, would also be a muntin? That's a little strange for me.

From Gary Katz, forum technical advisor: But I like it! How else do you describe those short stiles? From contributor P: Well, I mislabeled the "meeting rail/check rail" on the double hung sash. It is not called a lock rail here. So I've corrected the drawing. Thank you for your insights into the history of some of the other things. From Gary Katz, forum technical advisor: What program did you do that drawing in? Is that Sketchup? What's that font? It's great. From contributor P: The program is indeed Sketchup, and the font is "Handsf Single" a truetype font. From contributor I: We produce a moulding that would most likely be described as a "mullion"; it is typically 1 1/4" wide X 3/8" thick with a 1/4" rad on both edges. This piece is used to trim between a front entrance door and a sidelight. Many in our area refer to this moulding as a "burlap"; have you heard of this term? From contributor U: Another fascinating insight into the vagaries of terminology. To me "burlap" has always meant a coarse woven cloth.

I wonder what the roots of the word are as used in your area? The only other cloth-related term I can think of is "linenfold," which is virtually self-explanatory when you look at it. But burlap? There's bur-walnut and bur-elm, describing the wavy-knotted cross-section of such woods, which when highly polished, gives that beautifully textured surface on cabinets... From the original questioner: "Burlap" is a new one on me. I always called that a "mull strip." From Gary Katz, forum technical advisor: Mull casing. Mull cover. From contributor E: One little refinement to the Sketchup. I was taught to call the bottom rail of double hung sash a sill rail. From contributor Y: I have always known the top and bottom rails of a door as the "head rail" and "kick rail." From contributor W: Gothic Glossary Athena Review, Vol. 4, No. 2 Glossary: Gothic Art and Architecture Altar: Elevated structure located in the choir at the east end of the church, where religious rites are performed (fig.1).

Ambulatory: Passageways surrounding the central part of the choir, which is often a continuation of the side aisles (fig.1,5). The most common design of the Gothic era was the double ambulatory surrounded by semi-circular radiating chapels such as at the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis. Apse: Semi-circular vaulted structure at the east end of the church at the termination of the choir (fig.1). Arcade: An arch or a series of arches supported by piers or columns (fig.6) Arch: Curved masonry construction that spans an opening such as a portal or window. Pointed arches were a feature of the Gothic era, that evolved from the round Romanesque arches.See Gothic Architecture. [ Fig.1: Plan of the interior at the Cathedral of St-Gervais and St-Protais (after Gonet 1998)]. Archivolt: A series of decorated, recessed arches spanning an opening such as a portal (fig.3, B). Baldachin: ornamental canopy covering statues (fig.3, F). Balustrade: A railing with symmetrical supports.

Bay: A major vertical division of a large, interior wall. There are usually more than one, such as a nave that is divided into seven bays (fig.1). Buttress/Abutment System: A projecting or free-standing support built into or against the exterior wall of a cathedral, which steadies the structure by opposing the lateral thrusts from the vaults. The appearance of double span flying buttresses first occurred at Saint-Denis (fig.2, B). Canopy: A decorated rooflike projection or a richly decorated baldachin over a statue (fig.3, F). Capital: Architectural element that surmounts a column or any other vertical support (fig.5, B). Chancel: Space around the altar of a church that is usually intended for the clergy (fig.1). From the Latin cancellus for "railing." Chevet: Apse built as radiating chapels outside of the choir aisle, and the resulting, more complicated structure became known as the chevet at the beginning of the 13th century.

[ Fig.2: North transept of the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis showing A)tower; B) Double Span Flying Buttresses; C) Gothic rose window with tracery; D) Lancet windows (photo: Athena Review)]. Choir: Part of the church east of the crossing, usually occupied by the priests and singers of the choir (fig.1). From the Latin chorus for a "singing group." Clerestory: Windowed area of the church above the side aisles and above the wall of the central part of the nave (fig.6). Colonnades: A series of columns supporting either arches or an entablature, and usually one side of a roof. These were common architectural features of Early Roman churches. Colonettes: Small, thin columns, often used for decoration or to support an arcade. Column: Slender vertical support having either a cylindrical or polygonal shaft, and which always has a base and a capital. Crossing: Space where the transept intersects with the nave along the main axis of the church (fig.1). Crypt: Low room underneath the choir of the church used as a sepulchral vault.

From the Greek kryptós meaning "hidden." Examples include the crypt at Notre-Dame in Paris . Embrasure: An opening in a thick wall for a portal or window, especially one with angled sides, so that the opening is larger on the inside than the outside. From the Old French embraser for "to cut at a slant." Effigy: A sculptured representation of a figure such as in the recumbent effigies of dead kings at the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis. Façade: The front of the cathedral (fig.1). During the Gothic era, the west façade at the entranceway was noted for its three sculptured portals, and crowning rose window flanked by two towers. Starting with Saint-Denis, this became a feature of Gothic cathedrals. Finial: Small ornament located on top of a pinnacle or gable. Foil: Circular segments combined concentrically with other foils to form the tracery used in rose windows (fig.2, fig.4, B) The foil is usually used in groups such as trefoil or quatrefoil.

Foliated frieze: A panel decorated with carved foliage or leaves, found below the upper molding or cornice of a wall, and sometimes spanning the whole interior of the church. Gable: Triangular portion of a wall fronting the enclosing lines of a sloping roof, which often contains sculptures (fig.3, A). Gallery: Covered corridor in an upper story overlooking the nave. A traverse gallery crosses both sides of the church and a tribune gallery is the elevated part of a gallery which contains seats. [ Fig.3: Central portal of the West façade of Amiens showing A) gable; B) pointed archivolt; C) tympanum; D) lintel; E) trumeau; F) canopy above a carved cornerpiece; G)jambs; H) socles (photo:Athena Review)]. Gallery of Kings: Statues of kings in sequence, located either under baldachins (ornamental canopies) or encircling the base of the towers of the west façade of Gothic cathedrals. Examples include the 63 giant statues of kings at Reims, and the Kings of Judah at Notre-Dame in Paris.

Gargoyles: A water sprout terminating in a grotesquely carved figure of a human or animal, and projecting from the gutter of a cathedral such as Notre-Dame in Paris. Iconographic scheme/program: The specific arrangement of sculptures, which symbolically represent a religious event or saint's life on the sculptured portals of Gothic cathedrals. Examples include the narrative portrayal of the Annunciation, Visitation, and Presentation at Reims Cathedral. Impost: Slab above a column capital at the point of the spring of an arch. Jamb: One of a pair of vertical posts or pieces, that together form the sides of a portal, which often contains sculptures (fig.3, G). The individual columns can also be referred to as jambshafts, which often support an arch or vault. From the Old French jambe for "pier" or "sidepost of a door." Keystone: Stone in the form of wedge forming the central element of a lintel, vault, or arch. Pendant keystones are found at the intersection of ribbed vaults.

Originally from the Latin clavis for "key." Labyrinth: Intricate combination of paths and passageways, often located in the nave of a cathedral, marked by floor tiles sometimes engraved with the names of the cathedral architects. Pilgrims would follow the torturous path on their knees; see Chartres . Lancet window: A narrow window with sharp pointed arches. Starting with Amiens, lancets were often subdivided into two and topped by a smaller rose window. Prior to this, lancets were typically surmounted by an oculus or round opening (fig.2, D; fig.4, D). Lintel: Horizontal architectural member in wood or stone that supports the weight above an opening (fig.3, D). Marmosets: Grotesque human and animal figures sculpted in stone, often underlying jamb figures. From the Old French word marmouset (1280). At the end of the 15th century, the same word was used to describe small squirrel-like monkeys of the New World. Martyrium: An edifice built over the site of a tomb of a martyr frequently became the site of cathedrals.

Moldings: Long narrow, often decorated bands found on other architectural features such as cornices or bases. Mosan goldsmiths: A 12th century workshop located in the Meuse valley of Belgium and northern France that produced high quality gold, silver, and enameled objects, with naturalistic human figures. These are thought to have influenced the figurative stone sculptures adorning the façades of Gothic cathedrals (Williamson 1995). Examples include the reliquary of Cologne by Nicolas of Verdun and the gold cross made for Abbot Suger . [ Fig. 4: Lancet Window (D) of Reims Cathedral surmounted by an oculus (A) with six lobed foils (B). Tabernacle pinnacles (C) flank both sides of the lancet window and contain sculptures of saints and angels (photo: Athena Review)]. Mullion: The vertical dividing bar of a rose or lancet window (fig.6). Narthex: Beginning with Early Christian architecture, this was the gallery, vestibule, or porch located in the main (west) entrance of the church (fig.1).

Naturalism: Style of art treating drapery, bodily movements, and facial expressions as they might appear in nature or real life. Sculptures carved in the Gothic era showed considerably more naturalism than in the Romanesque or Byzantine eras ( see Gothic sculpture ). Nave: The middle aisle or multiple main aisled part of a church extending from the narthex or main entrance to the choir (fig.1). The congregation usually sits here. Oculus: A small circular opening, and which was a precursor of the Gothic rose window (fig.4, A). Openwork gablet: Gable-shaped motif above portals and windows, often containing tracery decorations as well as pinnacles and finials. Pier: A masonry support between openings such as arcades. Typically slender, the pier has a rectangular, polygonal, or round cross-section, but does not taper and often has no capital (fig.6). The pier may also have a base as well as an impost. A compound pier is a pier with two or more members or support elements. Pillar: A support which does not taper, has an impost, and does not need to be cylindrical as is the case with a column.

The shaft consists of either rectangular, octagonal, circular, or cruciform blocks and may have a capital (fig.5, A). Pinnacle: Small narrow pointed tower capping buttresses and openwork gablets or portals and galleries. Portal: The door or entrance of a cathedral (fig.3). Fig.5: Pillars (A) with capitals (B) and quatri-partite vaulting (D) containing keystones (C) of the ambulatory of the Cathedral of St-Gervais and St-Protais at Soissons (photo: Athena Review)]. Portico: A gallery which opens onto the exterior of the church and is supported by columns. From the Latin porticus for "arcade" or "gallery." Radiating (Apsidal) chapels: Series of chapels arranged around an ambulatory in the apse of a cathedral (fig.1). Reliquary: A container, often richly ornamented, holding the remains of a saint which can be displayed to the faithful. Rood screen/Jube: A stone or wooden screen, which separated the choir of the church where the clergy sits from the nave where the congregation sits (fig.1).

Rose window: A large round window on the west façade or transept, containing tracery that became more elaborate as the Gothic era progressed (fig.2, C). Beautiful examples occur at Notre-Dame in Paris and Chartres. Socles: Architectural term referring to the lower panels of a portal, often located under the jamb figures. The reliefs were often quatrefoil, and typically portrayed such pagan themes as the Signs of the Zodiac and the Virtues and Vices (fig.3, H). Spire: A sharply pointed pyramidal structure surmounting a tower. Spandrel: An area between two adjoining arches, often decorated. Stained glass: Colored windows of Gothic cathedrals made from a combination of many pieces of colored and semi-transparent white glass joined together with lead strips. Colors were generated by adding specific metal oxides, which illuminated the glass with bright red, blue, green, and yellow tones. The function of stained glass was to fill the cathedral with light in windows which also fulfilled a narrative and illustrative purpose, in representing Biblical events and the lives of saints. Patrons and workers guilds who helped fund the construction of the cathedral were also portrayed (see Chartres ).

Tabernacle: a canopied niche holding a sculpted figure, such as the rendering of saints and angels on the façade and transept of Reims cathedral (fig.4, C). Tracery: Geometrically constructed building ornament such as a foil found in the upper part of Gothic rose windows (fig.2, C). This type of stonework decoration became more complex during the High Gothic and Flamboyant phase. Transept: Any major transverse part of the church, usually crossing the nave and at right angles with the entrance of the choir (fig.1). The transept may be divided into areas of different height. Triforium: Space or passage above the nave arcade, below the clerestory, and extending over the ceiling or vaults of the side aisle (fig.6). A blind triforium does not contain a passageway and blind arches are placed in front of the wall such as at Amiens. A false triforium has arcades which open to the roof. A pierced triforium contains windows in the outer walls of the passageway.

Trumeau: Stone pillar or column supporting the tympanum of a portal at its center (fig.3, E). [ Fig.6: Drawing of the nave at Reims cathedral showing the clerestory, triforium, and the nave arcades (after M.Alexander, 2003)]. Tympanum: A triangular space between an arch and the horizontal bar of a portal or window (lintel), often decorated with sculpture (fig.3,C). Vaulting: A curved, self supporting wall or ceiling that covers a space between two walls and rests on pillars. Romanesque antecedents of the Gothic ribbed vault are the barrel vault and the groined vault. The ribbed vault is composed of diagonally arched ribs and can be classified as tri-partite, quatri-partite (fig.5, D), or sexpartite. Sexpartite vaults have an additional transversal rib in the center of the bay ( see Gothic architecture ). Voussoirs: Any of the pieces, in the shape of a truncated wedge, that make up an arch or vault. References: Binding, G. 2002. High Gothic: The Age of the Great Cathedrals.

Cologne, Taschen. Bony, J. 1983. French Gothic Architectures of the 12th and 13th centuries. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, University of California Press. Michelin Travel Publications. 2001. The Green Guide. Northern France and the Paris Region. France. Williamson, P. 1995. Gothic Sculpture. New Haven and London, Yale University Press. This glossary appears on pages 109-111 of Vol.4 No.2 of Athena Review. The complete text may be obtained in the printed version of the magazine . For original, comprehensive illustrations of ancients sites and monuments, visit Athena Review Image Archive ® Copyright 1996-2006 Athena Publications, Inc (All Rights Reserved) <> Glossary of Window and Door Terminology | Marvin Family of Brands The aluminum frame around a screen or energy panel. Apron A piece of casing or decorative trim installed against the wall immediately beneath the stool of a window. Argon Gas A colorless and odorless gas used to fill the airspace between insulating Low E glass. The addition of argon greatly increases the insulating performance of the Low E glass.

Assembly Single units mulled together. Astragal A moulding applied to one stile of a French Door, Sliding French Door or French Casement window unit which the other door panel or window sash strikes. Usually head and footbolt devices will be found on the astragal side. Authentic Divided Lites (ADL) Also known as True Divided Lite. Permanent stationary muntins and bars separate the glass in a window or door sash to give the sash two or more lites of glass. Awning Window Unit A combination of frame and sash, hinged at the top of the vertical jambs which allows the unit to pivot from the top with the sash opening to the exterior of the building. Balances A block and tackle system used in the jamb liner of double hung or single hung units. Bars A narrow rabbeted, horizontal or vertical sash or door member in an authentic divided lite unit, extending from rail to rail or stile to stile along the total length or width of the glass opening.

Bay Windows A series of windows installed in a bay which is two flanker units and a center sash; a bay may be an arc or a polygon; when a bay is or closely approaches an arc, the window is termed a bow. See Bow Windows. Blindstop The frame member on a double hung window located between the jambs and the casing. The blindstop forms a rabbet that supports either a storm sash or screen. Bow Windows A series of adjoining window units, installed on a radius. Brick Mould Casing BMC An exterior moulding of window and door frames that abuts the exterior facing material of the structure. The casing serves as the boundary moulding for brick or other siding material and also helps to form a rabbet for screens and/or storm sash or a combination door. Cam Lock A lever operated lock which is used to prevent intrusion through the sash. Cam locks and keepers were installed on the jambs and stiles of older Casemasters and awnings. Cam Pivot A zinc pivot pin attached to the top and bottom sash stiles of double hung units (bottom sash on single hung units).

Cam pivots rest on the clutch system of the balance tube assembly which allow opening and closing of the sash. Capillary Tubes A tube inserted into the insulating glass spacer that allows the inside and outside air pressure to equalize in higher elevations. Casemaster A Marvin Window trade name used in the past for their casement window. Casement Window A combination of frame, sash, weather-strip, concealed hinges and operating device assembled as a complete and properly operating unit. Casements have a flat sill and a sub-sill; screens and/or energy panels are optional. Operating casements have a crank handle for smooth operation. Clad Brick Mould Casing (BMC) A clad extrusion designed to simulate brick mould casing for Marvin clad products. Cladding Marvin clad products refer to wood window and door parts which are covered with an extruded permanent colored aluminum jacket on the exterior side of the frame and sash. Clutch The plastic and metal assembly on which the cam pivots of a double hung or single hung sash rest. The clutch is attached to the block and tackle system of the balance tubes which allow opening and closing of the sash. The clutches are color coded for easy identification of balance strength.

Combination Door A wood framed assembly containing an interchangeable storm panel and screen. The unit is installed on the exterior of the door, and is available for wood Inswing and Ultimate Inswing French doors. Combination Storm A wood or aluminum storm sash with self-storing screen and operating glass panels. Available for double hungs, gliders and wood swinging doors, these panels are removable. Combination Window A wood or clad wood frame storm sash with self-storing screen. Bottom glass panels such as those installed on a double hung unit operate by moving the plungers in and sliding the glass panel up to the desired position. Side glass panels such as those installed on gliders slide to the left or right to the desired position. All inserts are removable from the inside. Cottage Window A window with unequal sash, top and bottom. Daylight Opening (DLO) The width and the height of the visible glass. Depth of the Jamb The point where the exterior casing ends to the point where the interior casing begins. On clad units, the point from the backside of the nailing fin to the interior of the frame. Direct Glaze Refers to a window with no sash. The glass is glazed directly into the frame and is stationary.

Divided Lites Division of light by the use of muntin bars. Muntins: The actual bars that create a pattern in the window. Authentic Divided Lites (ADLs): Single or insulating glass, individually glazed between the muntin bars. Simulated Divided Lites (SDLs): Muntins permanently adhered to the interior and exterior of the glass. Grilles: Wood Muntins fastened to the interior of the sash to create the effect of divided lites, removable for easy glass cleaning. Spacer Bar: Tiny aluminum bars inserted between SDL muntins to emulate ADL. Grilles Between Glass (GBG's): Aluminum flat or contour bars divide the glass visually. Because the grille is between the glass, grilles do not become misplaced or damaged. Cleaning is easy without small panes of individual lites. More about divided lites. Double Hung Double hung windows have two movable sash which operate vertically. Double hung sash are held in an open position with the use of coil spring block and tackle balancing devices. Double Hung Tilt Pac A specially designed, made-to-order, package which includes everything needed to replace double hung sash and hardware in an existing frame without changing the frame.

This product has the same tilt feature as the Marvin double hung. Drip Cap A formed aluminum or vinyl piece which is installed at the top of windows and doors that allows water to run off the casing of the unit instead of seeping around the casing and into the unit. Electric Operator An electrically operated device which will open casements or awnings units by using a switch. This is used in lieu of a roto gear crank or pole crank. Energy Panel (EP) Formerly called an RDG - removable double glazing, is a piece of glass annealed or tempered, and finished on the edges by a surround. EPs are applied to windows or doors and rest on the glazing stop. EPs offer the homeowner added energy efficiency. Escutcheon A decorative door handle plate attached to the stile directly behind the handle(s). Generally square or rectangular shaped. Espagnolette Tilt-Turn hardware which houses the gear mechanism for the Tilt-Turn, inswinging casement and hopper handles. Extrusion An article or product of vinyl or metal-made by the process of extruding. Extrusions include vinyl sill and head jamb tracks, vinyl jamb liners and aluminum cladding used on the exterior of clad units.

Field Measurement Guide A form that is filled out prior to ordering the Clad Magnum Double Hung Replacement System with Panning to ensure the correct sized unit is assembled at the factory. Finger-Joint A series of fingers machined into the ends of two pieces of lumber to be joined together. They are then held firmly in position by adhesive. Finger jointed wood is very strong and has a lesser chance of warping than does a clear piece of wood the same length. Flanker A former term used to describe a side or lateral part. Also previously used to describe a 3-wide picture unit or bay. See two-wide entry. Flat Casing Flat, surfaced on four sides, pieces of pine of various widths and thicknesses for trimming door and window openings. The casing serves as the boundary moulding for siding material and also helps to form a rabbet for screens and/or storm sash or combination doors. Footbolt A locking rod device installed vertically in the stile or astragal of a door or screen which when activated secures the panel or screen in a stationary position.

Frame The stationary portion of a window that encloses either the glass (direct glaze) or the sash (operating or stationary) and consists of the head jamb (top), sill (bottom), sub-sill, side jambs, jamb extension, brick mould or flat casing, and blindstop. Frame Expander A flat aluminum extrusion used in conjunction with the 90 degree frame expander to provide a flat casing appearance for clad units. French Casement A casement styled unit with two sash in one frame providing a sense of openness unrestricted by a vertical mullion or stiles when both sash are open. French Door Marvin French Doors are available in either inswinging or outswinging rectangular or arch top style choices. Friction Limiter A device used on a Magnum Tilt-Turn to provide friction to the sash when in the swing position. Glass Size (GS) The measurement of the actual glass, not the visible glass. Glazing Installing glass into windows and doors. SINGLE GLASS: Glazing with a single piece of glass. INSULATING GLASS: two panes of glass separated by a spacer and hermetically sealed together with dead air space between the panes.

Glazing Bead Strips of profiled wood or vinyl used to hold the glass in position in the sash. Wood glazing bead is attached to the rails and stiles of the sash using staples, small nails or vinyl barbs. A vinyl bead is held in place by extruded barbs positioned in the kerf. Aluminum caps may be used over the vinyl bead in some cases. Glazing Tape A two sided adhesive tape placed between the glass rabbet and the glass and/or the glazing bead and glass of some unit types. Glider Horizontal operating units which have one sash fixed while the other glides open and shut horizontally. Grilles Removable wood dividers made to simulate authentic divided lites. Grilles are often rectangular or diamond shaped and are easily removed for cleaning purposes. Grilles can be purchased for nearly all Marvin products. Handing A term used to describe the right or left hand operation of a window or door. Head Jamb The top member of a frame. Headbolt A locking rod device installed vertically in the stile or astragal of a door or screen which when activated secures the door in a stationary position.

Historical A term used to define a window or door product meeting the requirements of historical renovation standards. Inactive Panel See Glazing. Inswing French Door A French door with panels that swing to the inside. One, two, three and four panel units available as stationary or operating. Inswinging Casement A non-tilting version of the Magnum Tilt-Turn. Interior Casing The casing trim used on the interior perimeter of the window or door. Generally supplied by others except in the case of round top casing which is factory supplied. Jamb Extension A jamb-like member, usually surfaced on four sides, which increases or extends the depth of the exterior or interior window or door frame; jamb extensions imply a larger depth than "wood jamb liners." Jamb Liner Thin strips of wood attached to the head jamb, side jambs and sill to accommodate various wall thicknesses. Common jamb depths are: 4 9/16", 4 13/16", 5 1/16" and 5 3/16". Keyed Cylinder Lock A lock providing an exterior entry and locking convenience. Krypton Gas Inert gas known for its ability to provide insulating properties in a small air space.

Laminated Glass Glass composed of two sheets of glass fused together with a sheet of transparent plastic between the sheets. When broken laminated glass will generally not leave the opening. Laminating A method of gluing strips of thin clear wood to the lengthwise surfaces of finger jointed material to provide the appearance of clear stock. Lever Lock A lever handle and lever arm operator available as an option on awning units. Lockset A complete door lock system comprised of the lock mechanism together with knobs, keys, plates, strikes and other accessories. Low E Glass Low E stands for low emissivity. The lower the emissivity the higher the percentage of long-wave radiation blocked thereby improving thermal performance. Low E glass is coated with a thin microscopic, virtually invisible, metal or metallic oxide layer. The primary function is to reduce the U-value by suppressing radiative heat flow. A secondary feature is the blocking of short wave radiation to impede heat gain. There are two basic types of Low E glass. The first, vacuum or sputter coated Low E, is referred to as soft-coat (See Low E II definition). The second is pyrolytic Low E, commonly referred to as hard-coat.

(See pyrolytic definition.) Low E II Glass A high performance Low E glass, providing the best winter U-value and warmest center glass. It offers significant improvement in reducing solar heat gain coefficient values, providing customers one of the coolest summer glass temperatures of all Low E products. Additionally, ultraviolet light transmission is greatly reduced. The Low E II coated glass products are specifically designed for insulating glass units normally as a second surface coating. See Low E and pyrolitic definitions. Magnum A Marvin trade name for heavily constructed window products which are designed for applications where a heavy duty product is necessary. Magnum Double Hung A heavy duty double hung product made with larger than standard parts. The larger sash parts will accommodate larger glass sizes. Magnum Hopper A heavy duty window designed to tilt into the room for ventilation purposes. Magnum Tilt-Turn A heavy duty window. The Magnum Tilt-Turn has hardware which allows the sash to either be tilted into the room for ventilation or swing into the room for egress or cleaning. Masonry Opening A brick, stone or block opening into which a window or door unit is installed including the outside casing.

Mortise and Tenoning The system by which Marvin assembles authentic divided lite units, a projecting tenon on either the muntins or bars fit snugly into a mortise in either a bar, stile or rail. Mulling The act of attaching two or more window or door units together. The joint is then finished with a mullion center cap or mull trim. Mullion The vertical member of a sash, window or door frame between openings in a multiple opening frame. SPACE MULL: Two or more units mulled together with a space left between the units. The jamb extension surrounds the entire unit. STUD POCKET: Two or more units mulled together with a space between the units. The jamb extension surrounds each unit separately, providing space for a support member between the units. Mullion Cover A clad cover for space mull usage on the Clad Magnum Double Hung Replacement System with Panning. It covers a range from 3' minimum to 10' maximum. Mullion Expander An aluminum extrusion designed specifically for the Clad Magnum Double Hung Replacement System with Panning to allow the existing panning to be expanded to a wider width to accommodate a larger rough opening.

Mullion Reinforcement The 3/8" mullion reinforcement is designed to be used on wood or clad multiple casement, awning and direct glaze assemblies to improve structural performance. Multi-Lock Hardware An adjustable lock system used on the French Casement to ensure a tight seal of the sash frame components. It also provides a secure locking system. Multi-Point Locking System A line of standard or optional multiple point locking mechanisms installed on the operative panel(s)/ sash of various Marvin products to enhance security and performance. Muntins (or "munt") A short "bar," horizontal or vertical, extending from a bar to a stile or rail or another bar. Nailing Fin A factory installed vinyl strip that is inserted into a kerf in the frame of clad units. Nailing fin installation is the standard method used for installing clad units. Non-Keyed Cylinder A handle without a keyed cylinder. The door cannot be locked from the exterior. Obscure Glass Glass formed by running molten glass through special rollers. These rollers have a pattern on them causing the glass to become patterned and thus obscure. One-Wide (1W) The current term used to describe one frame with single or multiple sash or panels.

Operation Our drawings always illustrate the window sash or door panels as if you are looking at it from the exterior. X means operating, O means stationary. Operator An operating sash, panel or unit. OSM Outside Measurement. Outswing French Door A French door with panels that swing to the outside. One, two, three, or four panel units available as stationary or operating. OX The letters OX or XO identify the operation of window or door units as viewed from the exterior. The letter O stands for stationary while the letter X stands for operating. Panel Either the stationary or operator wood frame with glass used on Marvin door products. Panning A term used to describe the aluminum covering extrusion components (i.e. jambs, sill and head jamb) used for the Clad Magnum Double Hung Replacement System with Panning. Part Stop A strip of wood with weather-stripping attached which prevents air and water infiltration. Part stops are commonly found at the head jamb of a double hung unit. Pitch A term used to describe the angle of a roof. For example: A 4-12 pitch indicates that the roof rises 4" vertically for each 12" horizontally.

Plinth Block A decorative wood block placed between the vertical casing and the top casing of a unit to provide an elegant interior casing profile. Pole Crank An aluminum extension pole used to open or close roof windows or awnings which would be inaccessible because of their height. Polygon A high level term used to describe triangles, trapezoids, pentagons, hexagons and octagons. Prime The first coat of paint in an application that consists of two or more coats; also refers to the paint used for such an initial coat - primer. Pultrusion Lineal profiles of constant cross section manufactured by combining plastic resin and continuous glass fiber reinforcement. These thermally insulating and structural components are ideally suited for applications where strength, thermal stability and weather resistance are required, such as in patio door frames and commercial windows. Pyrolytic Low E Glass (Hardcoat) Pyrolytic Low-E is designed to be used either in non-insulating applications such as energy panels that have exposed surfaces or for insulating glass applications. In some northern climatic situations where an application or customer requires increased solar heat gain, over Low E II performance, this is a desirable option.

This increased solar heat gain which is desirable in winter may increase summer energy costs if the home is air conditioned. The pyrolytic coating is typically applied to the second surface, but can be applied to the third surface to provide increased solar heat gain. R-Value The resistance a material has to heat flow. Higher numbers indicate greater insulating capabilities. Rabbet A groove along or near the edge of a piece of wood. Radius The length of an imaginary line from the center point of a circle to the arc or circumference of a circle. Rails The cross or horizontal members of the framework of a sash, door or other panel assembly. Relief Kerf Kerfs machined into the frame parts of a unit. Relief kerfs inhibit warping. Retro-Sizing Refers to units which are sized for replacement purposes. Rolled Aluminum A term used to describe aluminum profiles for screen and energy panel surrounds which are fabricated by the use of a roller or series of rollers to produce a desired profile. All other Marvin profiles are fashioned by the extrusion method. Roller Cams The adjustable roller devices of the Multi-Lock hardware installed on the sash of the French Casement unit.

When adjusted properly with an Allen wrench, they ensure a tight seal between the sash and frame members. Rose A circular cover plate attached to the stile directly behind a knob or door handle. May be plain or have a decorative design embossed into the cover. Roto-Gear A term used to describe the steel drive worm, gears and crank device used for opening awnings and casements. Rough Opening The opening in the wall where a window or door unit is to be installed. Openings are larger than the size of the unit to allow room for insulation and to shim the unit square. Round Top Generally a semicircle window which is mulled to the top of another window or door, thus forming the round top appearance. There are full round tops, separated round tops, ellipticals, transoms, inverted corners, ovals and Gothic heads, etc. Round tops can be used separately or combined with other units to create a seemingly endless selection. Round Top Tilt-Turn A round top sash version of a Magnum Tilt--Turn unit. Sash The operating and/or stationary portion of the window unit that is separate from the frame. The sash consists of the following parts: STILES: Vertical sash members.

RAILS: Horizontal sash members. CHECK RAILS: Horizontal sash members that meet, as in double hung units. These could also be vertical check stiles, as in the glider or patio door. BARS: Divisional members extending from rail to rail or from stile to stile in an authentic divided lite unit. MUNTINS: Divisional members extending from a bar to a rail or stile or another bar. Sash Limiter An optional metal device which attaches to a casement sill and bottom rail which limits the sash to a specified opening -5, 10, 15 or 20 degrees. Sash Lock A locking device which holds a window shut, such as a lock at the check rails of a double hung unit. Larger units utilize two locks. Sash Opening (SO) The opening between wood frame members for both height and width (disregarding any jamb hardware tracks). This measurement is used predominantly when measuring an opening for the Double Hung Tilt Pac. Sash Retainer Plate A nylon retainer plate used on double hung and Magnum Double Hung sash to secure the bottom sash. Sash Width Horizontal measurement across the face of a sash.

Screen OM (outside measurement) The width and the height of a screen including wood or metal surrounds. Screens A close-mesh woven screen material of metal or fiberglass attached to an aluminum or wood surround. Screens inhibit entry of insects, yet permit light, air and vision. Most Marvin window and door products utilize full screens. Half-screens are available for single hung units. Sequential Locking System An exclusive Marvin design used on casements for locking the sash to the frame. The action is sequential where the lower lock activates first moving the sash to the weatherstrip; the top then engages to snug the sash to the frame. Side Jamb The side (vertical) member of a frame. Sidelite A stationary glass panel mulled to or installed next to a door. Sill The horizontal member forming the bottom of a window or exterior door frame; the lowest member of the frame of a structure, resting on the foundation and supporting the frame. Sill-Horn The extension of the lip of a window sill to the outside edge of the casing. Single Hung A window very similar to a double hung window, except that the top sash is stationary or non-operable. Sliding French Door A sliding door utilizing French door style panels.

Slope The measure of the tilt of a line; rise over run. Snubber An interlocking metal bracket attached at the center of the hinge side of a casement sash and frame with a call number height of 40" or more and both sides of an Awning sash and frame with a call number height of 48" or more. It pulls the sash tightly against the frame weather-strip to maximize performance. Spacer Used to separate the two pieces of glass in an insulating glass panel. Square Foot For measuring the area of a unit. RO width (in inches) x RO height (in inches) divided by 144 equals the area in square feet of a unit. Stabilizer Arm An optional piece of hardware for the Tilt-Turn window which is attached to the header and top rail corner drive on the handle side to limit the travel of the sash when operated in the tilt mode. It is automatically disengaged when the sash is swung in the turn mode. Starburst A semi-elliptical area, the lower center is the point where the dividing spokes meet and radiate outward. May be constructed of glazed sash, removable grilles, ADL or SDL.

Stationary A non-operating sash, panel or unit. Stationary Sash Bracket A 90 degree L bracket used to secure stationary casement and awning sash to the frame. The sash can be removed for replacement by removing the wood stops and bracket screws. Stiles The upright or vertical perimeter pieces of a sash, panel or screen. Stool A horizontal trim member that laps the window sill above the apron and extends beyond the interior casing. See apron entry. Storm Sash A wood framed assembly containing non-removable glass. The storm sash is removed during the summer and replaced with a wood framed screen. Structural Masonry Brackets An installation bracket used with multiple high/wide window units or large doors for added structural support. The brackets are also used to attach the unit in the rough opening in lieu of nailing through the casing, thus eliminating unsightly nail holes. Sub-Sill The supplemental member of a frame used under most awning and casement units as an additional sill with the primary purpose being to hold multiple units together at the sill. Sunburst A semi-elliptical area, the lower center of which contains a sun-like figure with sun rays radiating therefrom.

May be constructed of glazed sash, removable grilles, ADL or SDL. Surround An attractive, protective trim which is secured to an energy panel by an adhesive or vinyl barb to give the glass panel a safe finished edge. Also the aluminum framework for most standard screens. Tempered Glass Float glass panels heated and then cooled rapidly in a controlled environment. This process makes the glass several times stronger than regular glass. It also makes it safer because when broken it yields small pebble-like fragments. Template A pattern of a window unit from which dimensions and measurements can be determined. Round Tops require templates for replacement units. Three-Wide (3W) Current term referring to any product or unit when three frames (i.e. separate jambs) are mulled together as a multiple unit. Tilt-Pac A specially designed made-to-order package which includes everything needed to replace double hung sash and hardware in an existing frame without changing the frame. This product has the same tilt feature as the Marvin double hung. Transom A window above a window or door. Transoms can be either stationary or operating. Trimline A wood or clad patio door having two or three glass panels; one panel operates.

Formerly known as a Wood Retro (WR) or Clad Retro (CR) door. The door features a multi-point locking system. Turn Button A vinyl or aluminum button and screw. Buttons are used to secure wood combinations, storm sash and wood screens to the exterior casing or energy panels to the sash or door panel. Two-Wide (2W) Current term referring to any product or unit when two frames (i.e. separate jambs) are mulled together as a multiple unit. U-Factor A measure of total heat flow through a window or door barrier from room air to outside air. Lower numbers indicate greater insulating capabilities. Ultrex® A pultruded composite material made of polyester resin and glass fibers. This superior material is now being used in many Marvin products. Unit One single product such as a one wide casement. Vinyl Glazing Bead A vinyl extrusion used on clad units which serves the same purpose as a wood glazing bead for wood units. Weather-Stripping A strip of resilient material designed to seal the sash and frame members in order to reduce air and water infiltration. Wire Glass Glass with wire embedded into the glass when the glass is still in a molten state.

This prevents the glass from falling out of the sash if it should break. XO The letters OX or XO identify the operation of window or door units as viewed from the exterior. The letter O stands for stationary while the letter X stands for operating. Why Choose Us

Question: What is the name for a vertical division of a window?
Answer: Mullion