semirigid airship | aircraft | Britannica.com Semirigid airship THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Learn about this topic in these articles: in airship a self-propelled lighter-than-air craft. Three main types of airships, or dirigibles (from French diriger, “to steer”), have been built: nonrigids (blimps), semirigids, and rigids. All three types have four principal parts: a cigar-shaped bag, or balloon, that is filled with a lighter-than-air gas; a car or gondola that is slung beneath the balloon and holds the crew... in aerospace industry: Airships ...nonrigid airship, or blimp, is basically a balloon from which the car is suspended by cables. It is usually small and depends on the internal gas pressure to keep the balloon from collapsing. The semirigid airship, which likewise depends on the inflating gas for its shape, can be bigger because the car is supported by a structural keel that extends longitudinally along the balloon’s base. The... Airships, Dirigibles, Zeppelins, & Blimps:What's the Difference?

| Airships.net Airships, Dirigibles, Zeppelins, & Blimps: What’s the Difference? What is an Airship? An airship is a powered, steerable aircraft that it is inflated with a gas that is lighter than air. What is a Dirigible? “Airship” and “dirigible” are synonyms; a dirigible is any lighter-than-air craft that is powered and steerable, as opposed to free floating like a balloon. The word “dirigible” is often associated with large rigid airships but the term does not come from the word “rigid” but from the French verb diriger (“to steer”). Rigid airships (like the Hindenburg ), semi-rigid airships (like the Zeppelin NT ), and blimps (like the Goodyear blimp ) are all dirigibles. What is a Blimp? A blimp (technically a “pressure airship”) is a powered, steerable, lighter-than-air vehicle whose shape is maintained by the pressure of the gases within its envelope. A blimp has no rigid internal structure; if a blimp deflates, it loses its shape. Airships.net author Dan Grossman with the U.S.

Navy blimp MZ-3A. (Photo: JB-MDL Public Affairs) Today, blimps are best known as advertising vehicles — Goodyear began using blimps to advertise their brand in 1925 — but blimps have also played an important role in the armed forces of many countries; the U.S. Navy’s lighter-than-air program made extensive use of blimps, primarily in anti-submarine and reconnaissance roles, from the 1920s through the 1950s. Was the Hindenburg a Blimp? No, the Hindenburg is often called “blimp” but that is not correct; Hindenburg was a rigid airship that maintained its shape by means of a metal framework. What is a Rigid Airship? A rigid airship has a framework surrounding one or more individual gas cells, and maintains its shape by virtue of the framework and not from the pressure of its lifting gas. USS Shenandoah under construction, showing rigid framework, individual gas cells, and fabric covering (Airships.net collection) This photograph of the U.S.

Navy airship Shenandoah under construction illustrates the ship’s metal framework, a partially inflated gas cell, and the fabric outer covering that protected the gas cells and provided aerodynamic streamlining. What is a Zeppelin? A zeppelin is a rigid airship manufactured by a particular company, the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin of Germany (the “Zeppelin Airship Construction Company”), founded by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin is considered the father of the rigid airship but not all rigid airships are “zeppelins,” just as not all photocopiers are “Xerox” machines. German Navy Zeppelin L-13 (LZ-45). Drawing by Norbert Andrup. The term zeppelin is often associated with the German airships that conducted bombing raids during World War I, but while most of these ships were built by the Zeppelin Company the German military also used rigid airships of very different design built by the Schutte-Lanz and Parseval companies, so not all German WWI airships were zeppelins. One of history’s most famous zeppelins was LZ-129 Hindenburg .

(“LZ” stands for “Luftschiff Zeppelin” and Hindenburg was the 129th airship designed by the Zeppelin Company.) The American naval ships USS Akron and USS Macon may also be referred to as zeppelins since they were built by the Goodyear-Zeppelin joint venture. Zeppelins still fly today and the new Goodyear airship is a not a blimp but a zeppelin, built by a descendant of the same company that built Graf Zeppelin and Hindenburg. What is a Semi-Rigid Airship? A semi-rigid airship, like a blimp, maintains its aerodynamic shape from internal gas pressure, but it has a partial rigid frame, usually in the form of a keel, which supports and distributes loads and provides structural integrity during maneuvering. Semi-rigid airship Norge Famous semi-rigid airships include Norge of polar explorer Roald Amundsen and Italia of Umberto Nobile. The modern Zeppelin NT is also a semi-rigid airship. Goodyear’s newest airship, a Zeppelin NT, lifts off for its first flight on March 17, 2014.

(photo: Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company) 1000+ images about Airship on Pinterest | Alternate history, Oregon country fair and Hamburg A theater poster, c. 1898, for The Air Ship. A Musical Farce Comedy by J.M. Gaites. Inspiration for Kino’s 1934 comedy Luftschiffwalzer? See More blimp | aircraft | Britannica.com aircraft zeppelin Blimp, nonrigid or semirigid airship dependent on internal gas pressure to maintain its form. The origin of the name blimp is uncertain, but the most common explanation is that it derives from “British Class B airship” plus “limp”—i.e., nonrigid. Blimps were used by navies during World War I in convoy and antisubmarine patrol duty, became attractions at fairs and expositions, and later carried advertising messages. U.S. Navy ZPG-3W airships Courtesy of the Loral Defense Systems-Akron The U.S.

Navy’s ZPG-3W airship—403 feet (123 metres) long, 85 feet in diameter, with a capacity of more than 1,500,000 cubic feet (42,450 cubic metres)—was the world’s largest nonrigid blimp. Four of them were commissioned in 1958. One exploded and crashed two years later, and the Navy retired the others by 1962. Learn More in these related articles: airship a self-propelled lighter-than-air craft. Three main types of airships, or dirigibles (from French diriger, “to steer”), have been built: nonrigids (blimps), semirigids, and rigids. All three types have four principal parts: a cigar-shaped bag, or balloon, that is filled with a... in aerospace industry: Airships ...or helium); a passenger car, or gondola, attached beneath the bag; engines and propellers; and rudders to steer the craft. Three basic types of airships have been built. The nonrigid airship, or blimp, is basically a balloon from which the car is suspended by cables.

It is usually small and depends on the internal gas pressure to keep the balloon from collapsing. The semirigid airship, which... in airplane: Lighter-than-air Aircraft such as balloons, nonrigid airships (blimps), and dirigibles are designed to contain within their structure a sufficient volume that, when filled with a gas lighter than air (heated air, hydrogen, or helium), displaces the surrounding ambient air and floats, just as a cork does on the water. Balloons are not steerable and drift with the wind. Nonrigid airships, which have enjoyed a... 3 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted Reference type of airship (in airship ) (in aerospace industry: Airships ) (in airplane: Lighter-than-air ) External Links Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind.

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Close Date Published: May 27, 1999 URL: Access Date: January 17, 2017 Share A method for establishing a long duration, stratospheric platform for astronomical research | SpringerLink , Volume 39, Issue 3 , pp 475–493 A method for establishing a long duration, stratospheric platform for astronomical research Authors Fesen, R. & Brown, Y. Exp Astron (2015) 39: 475. doi:10.1007/s10686-015-9459-9 197 Downloads Abstract During certain times of the year at middle and low latitudes, winds in the upper stratosphere move in nearly the opposite direction than the wind in the lower stratosphere. Here we present a method for maintaining a high-altitude balloon platform in near station-keeping mode that utilizes this stratospheric wind shear. The proposed method places a balloon-borne science platform high in the stratosphere connected by a lightweight, high-strength tether to a tug vehicle located in the lower or middle stratosphere.

Using aerodynamic control surfaces, wind-induced aerodynamic forces on the tug can be manipulated to counter the wind drag acting on the higher altitude science vehicle, thus controlling the upper vehicle’s geographic location. We describe the general framework of this station-keeping method, some important properties required for the upper stratospheric science payload and lower tug platforms, and compare this station-keeping approach with the capabilities of a high altitude airship and conventional tethered aerostat approaches. We conclude by discussing the advantages of such a platform for a variety of missions with emphasis on astrophysical research. Keywords AerostatHigh altitude balloonStation-keepingHigh resolution astronomical imaging References 1. Aglietti, G.S.: Dynamic Response of a High-Altitude Tethered Balloon System. J. Aircr. 46(6), 2032 (2009) CrossRef Google Scholar 2. Akita, D.: Feasibility study of a sea-anchored stratospheric balloon for long duration flights. Adv. Space Res. 50, 50–515 (2012) CrossRef Google Scholar 3.

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6267, p ID 62670 (2006) 15. Ford, H.C., Petro, L.D., Burrows, C., et al.: Artemis: a stratospheric planet finder. Adv. Space Res. 30, 1283 (2002) 16. Grace, D., Daly, N.E., Tozer, T.C., Burr, A.G.: LMDS from High Altitude Aeronautical Platforms. In: Global Telecommunications Conference - Globalcom’99, p 2625 (1999) 17. Grace, D., Thornton, J., Chen, G., White, G.P., Tozer, T.C.: Improving the System Capacity of Broadband Services Using Multiple High Altitude Platforms. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 4(2), 700 (2005) CrossRef Google Scholar 18. Grant, D., Rand, J.L.: Dynamic Analysis of an Ascending High Altitude Tethered Balloon System, pp. 96–0578. AIAA Paper (1996) 19.

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doi: 10.1117/12.551795 22. Jamison, L., Sommer, G.S., Porche, I.R.: High-Altitude Airships for the Future Force Army. Rand Corp, Technical Report, 423 (2005) 23. Jones, W.V.: Scientific ballooning: Past, present and future. Centenary Symposium 2012: Discovery of Cosmic Rays. In: American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 1516, p 229 (2013) 24. Lee, M., Smith, S., Androulakakis, S.: The High Altitude Lighter Than Air Airship Efforts at the US Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command. In: 18th AIAA Lighter-Than-Air Systems Technology Conference, Seattle, Washington AIAA 2009-2852 (2009) 25. Liao, L., Pasternal, I.: A review of airship research and development. Prog. Aerosp. Sci.

45, 83–96 (2009) CrossRef Google Scholar 26. Izet-Unsalan, K., Unsalan, D.: Low Cost Alternative for Satellites - Tethered Ultra High Altitude Balloons. IEEE, 13–16 (2011) 27. Trenches on the Web - Special: Dirigibles, Airships, Zeppelins and Blimps See also: Armory: Zeppelins Dirigibles, Airships, Zeppelins and Blimps A recent television documentary on the German airship Hindenburg began with the announcement that it would first explore the history of "dirigibles, known as Zeppelins" - a typical example of the welter of ignorance and confusion into which the terminology of lighter-than-air flight has fallen. This article will attempt to sort out the semantic muddle, for an understanding of the terms in its title can be important to an understanding of some aerial aspects of the Great War. There are two forms of lighter-than-air-craft the balloon and the airship; the generic term for both is aerostat.

Both are able to ascend into the sky and stay there because they contain a substance that is lighter than the air that surrounds them. Hot air was the balloon's first lifting substance, but is limited flight time because of the simple fact that heated air will eventually cool. Sustained hot-air ballooning did not become feasible until after World War II with the innovation of the propane burner, which permits reheating while the craft is aloft. For more than a century the principal and preferred lifting substance for both balloons and airships was hydrogen, the lightest of the elements, despite it being highly dangerous because of its extreme flammability. It was not succeeded by helium (which although somewhat inferior to hydrogen in lifting strength will not burn or explode) until a crash American research program beginning in 1917 developed means of extracting it cheaply in large quantities from the natural gas in which it is found. Today the aeronautical employment of helium is slight, but is has host of important industrial, scientific and medical uses. The fundamental difference between the airship and the balloon is that the former is powered and horizontally controllable and the latter is neither.

The altitude of a free-floating balloon can be regulated to a considerable degree by dropping ballast and venting gas, but its horizontal direction is determined solely by which way the prevailing wind blows it. It is therefore incorrect to refer to balloonists, as modern journalists so often do, as "pilots" - a balloon cannot be piloted in any sense of the word. Add propulsion and control to a balloon and you have an airship, the first four crude examples of which flew in France if only haltingly and briefly between 1852 and 1884, decades before the Wright brothers created the first verifiably successful powered heavier-than-air flying machine. 1 The French connection is how and why the word "dirigible" entered English as a synonym for "airship." It comes from the French word dirigeable the adjectival form of the transitive verb diriger, which means, among other things, to control or steer. Thus, with incontestable Gallic logic, a steerable lighter-than-air craft was called a ballon dirigeable. Eventually ballon was dropped and the adjective became the noun; thus dirigeable remains to this day the French term for airship.

It was the same process by which cuirasse from vaisseau cuirasse (literally "armored ship") became the French term for battleship. Like so many French aeronautical coinages (aileron, fuselage, nacelle, hangar, even the very word aviation itself), the French term, with a change in spelling, entered English as "dirigible balloon." And again, the adjective eventually became the noun but it was not in widespread use until after the Great War. The preferred word was airship, which replaced the cumbersome "dirigible balloon." The exact same word was adopted in German - Luftschiff (luft: air; schiff: ship). Dirigible as a synonym for airship is actually a misnomer. Since dirigible means, as noted above, simply "steerable," it can logically be applied to any device whose direction can be controlled by human agency even a bicycle.

In scientific usage, however, it has been restricted to aeronautical application; anything from a kite to a jetliner can be called "dirigible." (This restriction was not always the case; in the early stages of naval torpedo development the type that was controlled by unreeling wire was sometimes termed dirigible.) By the start of the Great War the airship had been developed into two main types - rigid and non-rigid (technically, the latter is more accurately described as pressure-rigid). Cylindrical in cross-section, both were given buoyancy by gas and motion by engine-driven propellers and were controlled by vertical rudders and horizontal elevators. In the rigid type, a solid framework, which might be likened to a skeleton, supports an external covering of fabric called the envelope (a very few experimental types had a metallic covering). Within the framework are contained bags of gas called balloonets. In the non-rigid, the envelope's shape is maintained by the pressure of the gas that fills it; there is no framework. The rigid's control car and engines are suspended from the framework; in the non-rigid they are attached directly to or suspended directly from the envelope.

(In some later rigids the engines were mounted internally, driving the propellers by transmission belts.) There was an intermediate type, now long vanished, called the semi-rigid. It had a pressure-rigid envelope but a solid keel. The rigid airship, employed so extensively by Germany during the Great War, was perfected soon after the turn of the century by a former Wurttenberg army cavalry officer, Ferdinand Adolf August Heinrich Graf von Zeppelin, who had been inspired by a balloon ascent he had made in the United States on 19-Aug-1863. 2 His craft were, naturally , known as Zeppelins. "Zeppelin" is a proprietary, or trade, name (such as Kodak, Ferris Wheel and Autogiro), and is applied properly only to craft constructed by Luftshiffbau Zeppelin G.m.b.H. or firms licensed to use its patents. It should thus be spelled with a capital Z; modern writers who spell it in lower case are mistaken in their apparent belief that it is generic. 3 It has become customary to refer to all German rigid airships of the Great War as Zeppelins, but in fact not all were.

Some were constructed by a rival firm, Luftschiffbau Schutte-Lanz G.m.b.H., which employed a framework of laminated plywood instead of the aluminum alloy used in Zeppelins. 4 The vast amount of literature devoted to German airships can easily, and has, led to the belief that these were the dominant LTA craft of the Great War. Actually, the British navy was the greatest exponent of the airship, receiving more than 200 non-rigids during 1915-1918 for anti-submarine patrolling. This type was also used, although in far fewer numbers, by the U.S. Navy and the French and Italian armies and navies. The German army and navy also had a handful. The rigid airship no longer exists; none has been built since the 1930s. 5 The demise is usually blamed on the Hindenburg disaster 6 although that had been preceded by the loss of a number of American, British, French and Italian rigids. All airships flying today are non-rigid types, popularly known as blimps.

A number of theories have been advanced concerning the etymology of "blimp," but in fact it is an onomatopoeic word whose coinage can be traced specifically to 5-Dec-1915 when Royal Naval Air Service Lieutenant A. D. Cunningham playfully flicked a finger against the envelope of SS. 12 at the Capel air station and then mimicked aloud the sound It had made. "Blimp," then, is essentially a slang term, although it was given one official cachet in Jul-1943 when the U.S. Navy, the only service in the world to operate airships during World War II, inexplicably changed the designation "airship patrol squadron:" to "blimp squadron." Modern airships serve a number of utilitarian functions, but they remain relative oddities in the sky and are generally known only as flying billboards and for flashing advertising messages and transmitting television images of sporting events. And modern media ignorance of lighter-than-air history has resulted in the distortions of its nomenclature that I hope this article will help rectify. 7 Space precludes a list of sources, but I will be glad to supply a bibliography to anyone interested.

Notes: 1 The first of the French airships was powered by a steam engine, the next two by human muscle and the fourth, and most successful, by an electric motor. The airship, however, like the airplane, did not become a truly viable proposition until the advent of the internal combustion engine. 2 Much nonsense has been written about Zeppelin's American sojourn. He was an official military observer accredited to the Union army. He was not a volunteer in that army or a balloon observer for it; he did not study aeronautics under Thaddeus S. C. Lowe; these is no evidence that he ever laid eyes on a Union army balloon. The ascent given him in St. Paul, Minnesota, by John Steiner, a former Union army civilian balloonist, was his only such experience. See Hans von Schiller, Zeppelin: Wegbereiter des Weltluftverkehrs (Bad Godesberg: Kirschbaum Verlag, 1967). 3 It is almost never noted that three of the U.S. Navy's four rigid airships, the Los Angeles, Akron and Macon were Zeppelins.

The Los Angeles was built by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin under the reparations terms of the peace treaty and the other two were constructed by the Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation, formed in 1923 as a subsidiary of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. This firm acquired Zeppelin patents and imported key Zeppelin aeronautical engineers who played a leading role in the design of the Akron and Macon and several other airships. For obvious reason, "Zeppelin" was dropped from the firm's name during World War II and it became Goodyear Aircraft. 4 Most Schutte-Lanz ships were employed by the German army. The commander of the Naval Airship Division, Fregattenkapitan Peter Strasser, disliked them because of their wooden construction. 5 The last three, the American Los Angeles and the German Graf Zeppelin and Graf Zeppelin II, were all broken up in 1944. The first two had not flown for several years, the third only a few times. Many proposals for a revival of the rigid airship have been made in recent years, but nothing has come of any of them.

6 It is rarely noted that the Hindenburg disaster was the first and only time in all of airship history that paying civilian passengers lost their lives. Many theories, from plausible to fantastic, have been advanced to explain what caused the airship's hydrogen to ignite., but the truth remains unknown and probably always will. There is a popular belief that the tragedy was caused indirectly by the U.S. government's refusal to permit the sale of helium, of which the United States then had a virtual monopoly, to Nazi Germany. That story is far more complex too complicated to go into here. The belief is also belied by the fact that the Hindenburg was designed from the start to be lifted by hydrogen (because of the disparity in lifting strength between hydrogen and helium, weights and stresses have to be calculated differently in the design of airships intended to use one or the other). 7 In fairness, it should be pointed out that the 1991 documentary "Rubber Planes" produced for the Discovery television channel is in general quite accurate.

GAS LAWS WEBQUEST - Education Photo Book GAS LAWS WEBQUEST GAS LAWS WEBQUEST - Page Text Content S: Smith-Brown Webquest Extra Credit BC: *Indianapolis hot air balloon rides by indy hot air. (n.d.). Retrieved from *How blimps work. (n.d.). Retrieved from *airship. (n.d.). Retrieved from *Balloons - airship, history of balloons. (n.d.). Retrieved from *Airships: The hindenburg and other zeppelins. (n.d.). Retrieved from *Airship. (n.d.). Retrieved from *Airship and blimp resources. (n.d.). Retrieved from *Blimp and airship. (n.d.). Retrieved from info&oq=blimp info&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=youtube.3..0.0.1.262.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0. *Airship mod how to make airships fly and other things about it. (n.d.). Retrieved from *Pbs. (2011). Retrieved from * *Hydrogen vs helium in rigid airship operations.

(n.d.). Retrieved from FC: GAS LAWS WEBQUEST 2: What is the mechanism of flight for each one? That is, how does each fly? | There are three kinds of airships that have been manufactured: blimps, dirigibles, and hot air balloons. | How are these airships similar? How are they different? What are the relative advantages of one over the other? What are the limitations of each? | Give historical examples of each and be sure to include at least one photo for each one. A zeppelin is a dirigible. Where did the name "zeppelin" come from? 3: There are Many different ways the airship's are crafted. Blimps use air and helium,Hot air balloons use heats the air to 100 degrees ferienheight using burns.Dirigibles fills a large hull with helium or hydrogen.they are also similar in some ways .as in they use gas to take off.some different as in blimps can actually steer and Hoover were as hot air balloons can only go where ever the wind blows them.

they all have advantages and disadvantages and in hot air balloons cannot control where they go they just float with the breeze dirigibles and blimps have controls where they go and how fast they move 4: The German zeppelinHindenburgwas filled with hydrogen gas. Not surprisingly, the airship was destroyed in a violent fire near Lakehurst, New Jersey on May 6, 1937. | The Hindenburg was originally supposed to have a different name. What was it? Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of hydrogen. | We know that chemical reactions are often exothermic or endothermic. What do these words mean in terms of chemical reactions? What are observable chemical indicators of each? Is the combustion of hydrogen exothermic or endothermic? 5: The equation that would be used is 2H2+O2---->2H2O a chemical reaction is endothermic means that heat was absorbed during the reaction usally when a substance melted , boiled ,or evaporated it indicates that a endothermic reaction has taken place exothermic means that its heat was released. a exothermic reaction takes place when heat,light or sound has been released.

6: Modern airships are filled with helium | Why are modern airships filled with helium? | Why wasn't theHindenburgfilled with helium instead of hydrogen? | Using a diagram of orbital diagrams or electron configurations or both, explain why helium is safer than hydrogen for use in airships. Use diagrams and words to explain your answer. 7: they are filled with helium is not hot flammable.. Helium is safer to use in airships because it is a noble gas .hydrogen is less stable than Helium.It originated planned to use helium but the majority of the worlds helium supply comes from the U.s And U.s had military embargo on it.So Germans changed the design of the ship to use hydrogen. 8: Though more potentially dangerous, a given volume of hydrogen gas will lift more weight than an equal volume of helium because hydrogen is less dense than helium. | Use Avogadro's hypothesis to explain why hydrogen is less dense than helium. 9: Hydrogen is less dense than heium because if you have one mole is less Than helium , it makes hydrogen less dense than helium. 12: The Hindenburg was filled with flammable hydrogen but recent research suggests that hydrogen was not the primary material involved in its tragic demise.

| How did a paint made from powdered aluminum contribute to the disaster? What is the chemical formula for the paint? How is powdered aluminum used on the current United States Space Shuttle? | Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction aluminum underwent in theHindenburgdisaster. Also indicate if this reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Use the octet rule to explain why powdered aluminum can behave as it is thought to have done in theHindenburgdisaster. | Do you think an aluminum can would behave in the same manner as powdered aluminum? Describe the experiments carried out by Addison Bain. Then, explain how his results and other evidence led to the conclusion that the skin of theHindenburgwas the major cause of fire that destroyed the airship. 13: The painted used was coated with flecks of aluminum ,which is a component of rocket fuel. It caught fire from electric discharge,the ignited the hydrogenChemical equation 2Al+O--> 2AlO the reaction was exothermic.Powdered aluminum acted as it did because it does not have a full octet of electrons and because of that it is very unstable..I say it would behave the same under different conditions you would only have to have an electrical charge.

Bain thought that the hydrogen was not main factor in the catastrophe.He found out the parts the skin was still on fire.A hot air balloon pilot increases the flame by turning up the flow of gas , which increases vertical speed. Hot air balloons also have a cord to open the parachute valve at the envelope .The hotter the envelope get the more the hot air rise and needs to expand causing the balloon to get bigger and rise. 16: Hot air balloons are filled with air instead of helium. | How does the handler "pilot" his airship? That is, how does the pilot get the balloon to go up into the sky? How does the pilot get the balloon to descend to the ground? Explain how the pilot travels north, south, east or west. What kind of control do they have over this? | Use the ideal gas law to explain why a hot air balloon rises. 17: A hot air balloon pilot increases the flame by turning up the flow of gas , which increases vertical speed. Hot air balloons also have a cord to open the parachute valve at the envelope .The hotter the envelope get the more the hot air rise and needs to expand causing the balloon to get bigger and rise.

20: French chemist, Joseph Gay-Lussac is most famous for his description of the gas law, Gay-Lussac's Law. | What is the formula for Gay-Lussac's gas law? Explain Gay-Lussac's law using words to describe the relationship between the variables. What are the assumed constants in Gay-Lussac's law? | How did Gay-Lussac use balloons to study chemistry in the early 1800s? What did he learn from investigations he carried out using a hot air balloon? 21: The variables represent the following ...........P is the pressure of the gas ,T is the temperature of the gas Measured in kelvins. K is a constant. Lussac increased the kinetic energy of the gas in the gas in the balloons as its particles collide more frequently , thus increasing pressure of the balloon. When you increase the kinetic energy of gas ,you increase the pressure of the gas. 22: It makes sense that a balloon filled with a lightweight gas such as helium would float when surrounded by heavier air. But why does filling a huge balloon with hot air also make it float?

This resource from the NOVA website offers a series of interactive activities that describes and illustrates the chemistry (mass, volume, density) of what happens inside hot air balloons. Go through this NOVA site and then summarize the key points learned. 23: What i leaned from the website was when heated, hot air balloons total mass of air will decrease yet its volume will stay constant. density is the relationship between materials mass and its volume.Also due to density , Objects of the same volume can have different masses . Objects of lower densities float above those of higher densities. Hot air has lower mass than air around it. 26: An airplane typically cruises at an altitude of 30,000 - 40,000 feet. Hypothesize what problems might be encountered in a suddenly depressurized airplane cabin at 30,000 feet. Be sure to use what you have learned about the gas laws in answering this question. There are many myths regarding sudden depressurization. What are some of the myths? What would actually happen if a window or emergency door came off of a plane cruising at 30,000 feet? Why? Be sure to use what you have learned about the gas laws in answering.

27: When you depressurize a cabin suddenly 30,000 feet, the passengers would probably pass out and wake up with tremendous headaches . *You would be sucked out the the door and killed *If you soot a gun it will depressurize instantly. *If a plane suddenly depressurized passengers would explode. 28: Let's say you want to go on a hot air balloon ride here in the Indianapolis area. Find out where you would go to take a ride. How much would it cost? How long is the ride? Are there restrictions on what time of year you can go for a ride (here in Indianapolis)? In what general direction do hot air balloons travel? Why is this? What fuel is used to heat the air? How many balloon accidents have there been here in this area over the last 30 years? Were they serious? What is the most likely cause of the accidents? 29: *You will call and make reservations and meet at a designated spot.

*Typically we will fly about 5 to 10 miles in an hour and we will climb to one or two thousand feet above the ground unless maneuvering to land which might be 500 feet above the ground before touchdown *3 hour total experience: In the air flight time 45 minutes to 1 hour. Typical launch areas include Westfield, Fishers, and Noblesville, IN *Hot air balloons use propane to heat the burner. Just like the propane used in barbecue grills. However the burner system in a hot air balloon gives off much more heat. In fact balloon burners produce 30,000,000 BTU. Joined: almost 5 years ago Published Mixbooks: 1

Question: What name for a self-propelled airship or balloon comes from the French ' to steer ' ?
Answer: DIRIGIBLE