How does epidemic conjunctivitis pink eye affect the body? - Bacterial Eye Infections - Sharecare Bacterial Eye Infections How does epidemic conjunctivitis pink eye affect the body? Topics | Eye and Vision | Bacterial Eye Infections | How does epidemic conjunctivitis pink eye affect the body? A Answers (2) A Dr. David R. Demartini, MD , Ophthalmology, answered Epidemic conjunctivitis is usually a very contagious virus that affects the mucus membranes of the eyes but may also affect the mucus membranes of the nose, mouth and throat. Eye doctors often find that Pink Eye sufferers also have a history of cold, sore throat, laryngitis, cough, swollen glands or other viral illness. These patients can often identify the contact person who gave them this virus. Because this virus is often so contagious, the patients are conselled to avoid transmitting the virus to other friends or family. Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye) Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments of Conjunctivitis Blurred vision Increased sensitivity to light See your eye doctor if you have any of these symptoms of pinkeye.

Your eye doctor will conduct an exam of your eyes and may use a cotton swab to take a sample of fluid from the eyelid to be analyzed in a lab. Bacteria or viruses that may have caused conjunctivitis, including those that can cause a sexually transmitted disease or STD , can then be identified and proper treatment prescribed. How Is Pinkeye Treated? The treatment for pinkeye depends on the cause. Bacteria. Pinkeye caused by bacteria, including those related to STDs , is treated with antibiotics , in the form of eye drops, ointments, or pills. Eye drops or ointments may need to be applied to the inside of the eyelid three to four times a day for five to seven days. Pills may need to be taken for several days. The infection should improve within a week. Take or use the drugs as instructed by your doctor, even if the symptoms go away. Viruses. This type of pinkeye often results from the viruses that cause a common cold . Just as a cold must run its course, so must this form of pinkeye, which usually lasts from four to seven days. Viral conjunctivitis can be highly contagious.

Avoid contact with others and wash your hands frequently especially before handling food that you touch with your fingers before you eat it. If you wear contact lenses , you should throw away contacts worn while you have pinkeye and wear glasses. Same for makeup . If you develop blurred vision with pinkeye, see your eye doctor immediately. Some viruses cause scarring of the cornea . Irritants. For pinkeye caused by an irritating substance, use water to wash the substance from the eye for five minutes. Your eyes should begin to improve within four hours. If the conjunctivitis is caused by acid or alkaline material such as bleach, immediately rinse the eyes with lots of water and call your doctor immediately. Allergies . Allergy-associated conjunctivitis should improve once the allergy is treated and the allergen removed. See your doctor if you have conjunctivitis that is linked to an allergy. Continued Never wear another person's contact lenses . Wear eyeglasses instead of contact lenses . Throw away disposable lenses or be sure to clean extended-wear lenses and all eyewear cases. Avoid sharing common articles such as unwashed towels and glasses.

Wash your hands after applying the eye drops or ointment to your eye or your child's eye. Do not use eye drops that were used for an infected eye in a non-infected eye. If your child has bacterial or viral pinkeye, keep your child home from school or day care until he or she is no longer contagious. It's usually safe to return to school when symptoms have been resolved; however, it's important to continue practicing good hygiene just to be sure. What Are the Complications of Pinkeye? Usually, pinkeye is a self-limited disease, either clearing up on its own or after a course of antibiotics . However, certain forms of conjunctivitis can become serious and sight-threatening, because they can cause cornea scarring. They include conjunctivitis caused by gonorrhea, chlamydia, or certain strains of the adeno virus. Continued How Can I Avoid Getting Pinkeye? Viral pinkeye is highly contagious. However, maintaining proper hygiene such as frequent hand washing should minimize transmission. Avoid touching your face since the virus can enter the eyes, nose, and mouth .

With regards to allergic conjunctivitis , avoiding allergens and taking proper care of your contact lenses can help reduce your risk. If someone in your household has pinkeye, be sure to wash hands often and thoroughly. Avoid sharing washcloths, towels, pillowcases, mascara, or eyeliner with the person. Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis Search our database of 28,204 Optometrists. Show only InfantSEE® Providers How is conjunctivitis treated? Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the thin transparent layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. Often called "pink eye," conjunctivitis is a common eye disease, especially in children. It may affect one or both eyes. Some forms of conjunctivitis are highly contagious and can easily spread in schools and at home. While conjunctivitis is usually a minor eye infection, sometimes it can develop into a more serious problem. A viral or bacterial infection can cause conjunctivitis.

It can also develop due to an allergic reaction to air irritants such as pollen and smoke, chlorine in swimming pools, ingredients in cosmetics, or other products that contact the eyes, such as contact lenses. Sexually transmitted diseases like chlamydia and gonorrhea are less common causes of conjunctivitis. People with conjunctivitis may experience the following symptoms: A gritty feeling in one or both eyes Itching or burning sensation in one or both eyes Excessive tearing Pink discoloration to the whites of one or both eyes Increased sensitivity to light What causes conjunctivitis? There are three main types of conjunctivitis: allergic, infectious and chemical. The cause of conjunctivitis varies depending on the type. Allergic Conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis occurs more commonly among people who already have seasonal allergies. They develop it when they come into contact with a substance that triggers an allergic reaction in their eyes. Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a type of allergic conjunctivitis caused by the chronic presence of a foreign body in the eye.

People who wear hard or rigid contact lenses, wear soft contact lenses that are not replaced frequently, have an exposed suture on the surface of the eye or have a prosthetic eye are more likely to develop this form of conjunctivitis. Infectious Conjunctivitis Bacterial conjunctivitis is an infection most often caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria from your own skin or respiratory system. Insects, physical contact with other people, poor hygiene (touching the eye with unclean hands), or using contaminated eye makeup and facial lotions can also cause the infection. Sharing makeup and wearing contact lenses that are not your own or are improperly cleaned can also cause bacterial conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by contagious viruses associated with the common cold. It can develop through exposure to the coughing or sneezing of someone with an upper respiratory tract infection. Viral conjunctivitis can also occur as the virus spreads along the body's own mucous membranes, which connect the lungs, throat, nose, tear ducts and conjunctiva.

Since the tears drain into the nasal passageway, forceful nose blowing can cause a virus to move from your respiratory system to your eyes. Ophthalmia neonatorum is a severe form of bacterial conjunctivitis that occurs in newborn babies. This is a serious condition that could lead to permanent eye damage if it is not treated immediately. Ophthalmia neonatorum occurs when an infant is exposed to chlamydia or gonorrhea while passing through the birth canal. For several years, U.S. delivery rooms have applied antibiotic ointment to babies' eyes as a standard prophylactic treatment. Chemical Conjunctivitis Chemical Conjunctivitis can be caused by irritants like air pollution, chlorine in swimming pools, and exposure to noxious chemicals. [back to top] How is conjunctivitis diagnosed? Conjunctivitis can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination . Testing, with special emphasis on the conjunctiva and surrounding tissues, may include: Patient history to determine the symptoms, when the symptoms began, and whether any general health or environmental conditions are contributing to the problem. Visual acuity measurements to determine whether vision has been affected.

Evaluation of the conjunctiva and external eye tissue using bright light and magnification. Evaluation of the inner structures of the eye to ensure that no other tissues are affected by the condition. Supplemental testing, which may include taking cultures or smears of conjunctival tissue. This is particularly important in cases of chronic conjunctivitis or when the condition is not responding to treatment. Using the information obtained from these tests, your optometrist can determine if you have conjunctivitis and advise you on treatment options. Treating conjunctivitis has three main goals: Increase patient comfort. Reduce or lessen the course of the infection or inflammation. Prevent the spread of the infection in contagious forms of conjunctivitis. The appropriate treatment for conjunctivitis depends on its cause: Allergic conjunctivitis. The first step is to remove or avoid the irritant, if possible. Cool compresses and artificial tears sometimes relieve discomfort in mild cases. In more severe cases, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and antihistamines may be prescribed. People with persistent allergic conjunctivitis may also require topical steroid eye drops. Bacterial conjunctivitis.

This type of conjunctivitis is usually treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Bacterial conjunctivitis may improve after three or four days of treatment, but patients need to take the entire course of antibiotics to prevent recurrence. Viral conjunctivitis. No drops or ointments can treat viral conjunctivitis. Antibiotics will not cure a viral infection. Like a common cold, the virus has to run its course, which may take up to two or three weeks. Symptoms can often be relieved with cool compresses and artificial tear solutions. For the worst cases, topical steroid drops may be prescribed to reduce the discomfort from inflammation. However, these drops will not shorten the infection. Chemical conjunctivitis. Careful flushing of the eyes with saline is a standard treatment for chemical conjunctivitis. People with chemical conjunctivitis also may need to use topical steroids. Severe chemical injuries, particularly alkali burns, are medical emergencies and can lead to scarring, damage to the eye or the sight, or even loss of the eye. If a chemical spills in your eye, flush the eye for several minutes with a lot of water before seeing your medical provider.

Contact Lens Wearers Contact lens wearers may need to temporarily stop wearing their lenses while the condition is active. Your doctor can tell you if this is necessary. If you developed conjunctivitis due to wearing contact lenses, your eye doctor may recommend that you switch to a different type of contact lens or disinfection solution. Your optometrist might need to change your contact lens prescription to a lens that you replace more frequently. This can help prevent the conjunctivitis from recurring. Self-care Practicing good hygiene is the best way to control the spread of conjunctivitis. Once an infection has been diagnosed, follow these steps: Don't touch your eyes with your hands. Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently. Change your towel and washcloth daily, and don't share them with others. Discard eye cosmetics, particularly mascara. Don't use anyone else's eye cosmetics or personal eye-care items. Follow your eye doctor's instructions on proper contact lens care. You can soothe the discomfort of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis by applying warm compresses to your affected eye or eyes. To make a compress, soak a clean cloth in warm water and wring it out before applying it gently to your closed eyelids.

For allergic conjunctivitis, avoid rubbing your eyes. Instead of warm compresses, use cool compresses to soothe your eyes. Over-the-counter eye drops might also help. Antihistamine eye drops can alleviate the symptoms, and lubricating eye drops can rinse the allergen off the surface of the eye. See your doctor of optometry if you think you have conjunctivitis. He or she can diagnose the cause and prescribe the proper treatment. Conjunctivitis | definition of conjunctivitis by Medical dictionary Conjunctivitis | definition of conjunctivitis by Medical dictionary Related to conjunctivitis: allergic conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis Definition Conjuctivitis is an inflammation or redness of the lining of the white part of the eye and the underside of the eyelid (conjunctiva) that can be caused by infection, allergic reaction, or physical agents like infrared or ultraviolet light. Description Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin, delicate membrane that covers the eyeball and lines the eyelid. Conjunctivitis is an extremely common eye problem because the conjunctiva is continually exposed to microorganisms and environmental agents that can cause infections or allergic reactions.

Conjunctivitis can be acute or chronic depending upon how long the condition lasts, the severity of symptoms, and the type of organism or agent involved. It can also affect one or both eyes and, if caused by infection, can be very easily transmitted to others during close physical contact, particularly among children in a daycare center. Other names for conjunctivitis include pink eye and red eye. Causes and symptoms Conjunctivitis may be caused by a viral infection, such as a cold, acute respiratory infection, or disease such as measles , herpes simplex, or herpes zoster. Symptoms include mild to severe discomfort in one or both eyes, redness, swelling of the eyelids, and watery, yellow, or green discharge. Symptoms may last anywhere from several days to two weeks. Infection with an adenovirus, however, may also cause a significant amount of pus-like discharge and a scratchy, foreign body-type of sensation in the eye. This may also be accompanied by swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes near the ear. Bacterial conjunctivitis can occur in adults and children and is caused by organisms such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Hemophilus.

Symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis include a pus-like discharge and crusty eyelids after awakening. Redness of the conjunctiva can be mild to severe and may be accompanied by swelling. Persons with symptoms of conjunctivitis who are sexually active may possibly be infected with the bacteria that cause either gonorrhea or chlamydia. There may be large amounts of pus-like discharge, and symptoms may include intolerance to light (photophobia), watery mucous discharge, and tenderness in the lymph nodes near the ear that may persist for up to three months. Conjunctivitis may also be caused by environmental hazards, such as wind, smoke, dust, and allergic reactions caused by pollen, dust, or grass. Symptoms range from itching and redness to a mucous discharge. Persons who wear contact lenses may develop allergic conjunctivitis caused by the various eye solutions and foreign proteins contained in them. Other less common causes of conjunctivitis include exposure to sun lamps or the electrical arcs used during welding, and problems with inadequate drainage of the tear ducts.

Diagnosis An accurate diagnosis of conjunctivitis centers on taking a patient history to learn when symptoms began, how long the condition has been going on, the symptoms experienced, and other predisposing factors, such as upper respiratory complaints, allergies , sexually transmitted diseases, herpes simplex infections, and exposure to persons with pink eye. It may be helpful to learn whether an aspect of an individual's occupation may be the cause, for example, welding. Diagnostic tests are usually not indicated unless initial treatment fails or an infection with gonorrhea or chlamydia is suspected. In such cases, the discharge may be cultured and Gram stained to determine the organism responsible for causing the condition. Cultures and smears are relatively painless. Treatment The treatment of conjunctivitis depends on what caused the condition. In all cases, warm compresses Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin, delicate membrane that covers the eyeball and lines the eyelid. It may be caused by a viral infection, such as a cold or acute respiratory infection, or by such diseases as measles, herpes simplex, or herpes zoster. (Illustration by Electronic Illustrators Group.) applied to the affected eye several times a day may help to reduce discomfort.

Some treatment choices will be based on patient preference, convenience of use, and cost to the patient. Conjunctivitis due to a viral infection, particularly those due to adenoviruses, are usually treated by applying warm compresses to the eye(s) and applying topical antibiotic ointments to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Viral conjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex should be referred to an ophthalmologist. Topical steroids are commonly prescribed in combination with antiviral therapy. In cases of bacterial conjunctivitis, a physician may prescribe an antibiotic eye ointment or eye drops containing sodium sulfacetamide (Sulamyd) to be applied daily for seven to 14 days. If, after 72 hours, the condition does not improve, a physician or primary care provider should be notified because the bacteria involved may be resistant to the antibiotic used or the cause may not be bacterial. For cases of conjunctivitis caused by a gonococcal organism, a physician may prescribe an intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone (Rocephin) and a topical antibiotic ointment containing erythromycin or bactracin to be applied four times daily for two to three weeks.

Sexual partners should also be treated. With accompanying chlamydia infection, a topical antibiotic ointment containing erythromycin (Ilotycin) may be prescribed to be applied one to two times daily. In addition, oral erythromycin or tetracycline therapy may be indicated for three to four weeks. Again, sexual partners should also be treated. Allergic conjunctivitis can be treated by removing the allergic substance from a person's environment, if possible; by applying cool compresses to the eye; and by administering eye drops four to six times daily for four days. Also, oral antihistamines may help to relieve itchy eyes. However, many of these drugs also dry the eyes. Therefore, many physicians suggest a combination of antihistamines and lubricating drops or the use of nasal corticosteroid sprays to help relieve allergic conjunctivitis, particularly when it is combined with nasal symptoms. Alternative treatment Conjunctivitis caused by gonococcal and chlamydial infection usually requires conventional medical treatment. With bacterial, viral, and allergic conjunctivitis, however, alternative options can be helpful. Internal immune enhancement with supplementation can aid in the resolution of bacterial and viral conjunctivitis.

Removal of the allergic agent is an essential step in treating allergic conjunctivitis. As with any of the recommended treatments, however, if no improvement is seen within 48-72 hours, a physician should be consulted. Homeopathically, there are a number of acute remedies designed to treat conjunctivitis. These include Pulsatilla (windflower, Pulsatilla nigricans), Belladonna, and eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis). Eye drops, prepared with homeopathic remedies and/or herbs, can be a good substitute for pharmaceutical eye drops. Eye washes can also be made. Herbal eyewashes made with eyebright (1 tsp. dried herb steeped in 1 pint of boiling water) or chamomile (Matricaria recutita; 2-3 tsp. in 1 pint of boiling water) may be helpful. Eyewashes should be strained and cooled before use, and close attention should be paid to make sure that any solution put into the eye is sterile. Other simple home remedies may help relieve the discomfort associated with conjunctivitis. A boric acid eyewash can be used to clean and soothe the eyes.

A warm compress applied to the eyes for five to 10 minutes three times a day can help relieve the discomfort of bacterial and viral conjunctivitis. A cool compress or cool, damp tea bags placed on the eyes can ease the discomfort of allergic conjunctivitis. Prognosis If treated properly, the prognosis for conjunctivitis is good. Conjunctivitis caused by an allergic reaction should clear up once the allergen is removed. However, allergic conjunctivitis will likely recur if the individual again comes into contact with the particular allergen. Conjunctivitis caused by bacteria or a virus, if treated properly, is usually resolved in 10-14 days. If there is no relief of symptoms in 48-72 hours, or there is moderate to severe eye pain , changes in vision, or the conjunctivitis is suspected to be caused by herpes simplex, a physician should be notified immediately. If untreated or if treatment fails and is not corrected, conjunctivitis may cause visual impairment by spreading to other parts of the eye, such as the cornea.

Prevention Conjunctivitis can, in many cases, be prevented, or at least the course of the disease can be shortened by following some simple practices. Frequently washing hands using antiseptic soap, and using single-use towels during the disease to prevent spreading the infection. Avoiding chemical irritants and known allergens. If in an area where welding occurs, using the proper protective eye wear and screens to prevent damaging the eyes. Using a clean tissue to remove discharge from eyes, and wash hands to prevent the spread of infection. If medication is prescribed, finishing the course of antibiotics , as directed, to make sure that the infection is cleared up and does not recur. Avoiding contact, such as vigorous physical activities, with other persons until symptoms resolve. Resources Periodicals Prewitt, Dawn. "Keep an Eye Toward the Nose: These Treatments Can Help Stop the Charge of Rhinoconjunctivitis." Review of Optometry June 15, 2004: 125-127. "Topical Drugs for Treating Conjunctivitis." GP June 14, 2004: 12. Other Griffith, H. Winter.

"Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)." ThriveOnline. Key terms Adenovirus — A virus that affects the upper respiratory tract. Chlamydia — The most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States that often accompanies gonorrhea and is known for its lack of evident symptoms in the majority of women. Gonococcal — The bacteria Neisseria gonorrheae that causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection of the genitals and urinary tract. The gonococcal organism may occasionally affect the eye, causing blindness if not treated. Herpes simplex virus — A virus that can cause fever and blistering on the skin, mucous membranes, or genitalia. Herpes zoster virus — Acute inflammatory virus that attacks the nerve cells on the root of each spinal nerve with skin eruptions along a sensory nerve ending. Staphylococcus — A bacterial organism, looking much like a cluster of grapes, that can infect various body systems. Streptococcus — An organism that causes infections of either the upper respiratory or gastrointestinal tract.

conjunctivitis [kon-junk″tĭ-vi´tis] inflammation of the conjunctiva ; it may be caused by bacteria or a virus, or by allergic, chemical, or physical factors. Its infectious form (of bacterial or viral origin) is highly contagious. See also pinkeye . acute contagious conjunctivitis a contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by Haemophilus aegypticus; secretions must be handled with extreme care to prevent its spread. Popularly known as pinkeye . acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis a highly contagious form due to infection with enteroviruses. gonococcal conjunctivitis (gonorrheal conjunctivitis) a severe form caused by infection with gonococci, marked by greatly swollen conjunctivae and eyelids with a profuse purulent discharge. In newborns it is bilateral, acquired from an infected maternal vaginal passage. In adults it is usually unilateral and is acquired by autoinoculation into the eye of other gonococcal infections, such as urethritis , either in oneself or in another person. Called also gonorrheal ophthalmia .

inclusion conjunctivitis a type of conjunctivitis primarily affecting newborn infants, caused by a strain of Chlamydia trachomatis, beginning as an acute purulent form and leading to papillary hypertrophy of the palpebral conjunctiva.

con·junc·ti·vi·tis (kon-jŭnk'ti-vī'tis), Acute contagious conjunctivitis caused by Haemophilus aegyptius or H ducreyi conjunctivitis Pink eye Ophthalmology Conjunctival inflammation, the single most common eye disease Etiology Infection—bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic; immunologic–hypersensitivity or autoimmune; chemical/irritative–occupational, iatrogenic; 2º to systemic diseases–Reiter syndrome, dermatitis herpetiformis, epidermolysis bullosa, Kawasaki disease, gout, thyroid disease, carcinoid; mechanical issues–eg, canaliculitis, dacryocystitis Clinical Conjunctival hyperemia, fluid discharge, tearing, exudate, pseudoptosis, papillary hypertrophy, chemosis Management Antibiotics, management of systemic disease, vasoconstrictors, cold compresses; corticosteroids may be indicated, but are linked to glaucoma, cataracts Complications Corneal ulceration.

See Allergic conjunctivitis , Keratoconjunctivitis , Neonatal conjunctivitis , Shipyard conjunctivitis. con·junc·ti·vi·tis (kŏn-jŭngk'ti-vī'tis) Disorder in which the conjunctivae are reddened. The eyes tear and produce exudate along the eyelid; may progress to drooping of the eyelid such that abnormal tissue may form. Therapy may involve instillation of antibiotic eyedrops. conjunctivitis Inflammation of the CONJUNCTIVA . This is most commonly caused by infection but may result from ALLERGY , chemical irritation from dusts, gases, industrial vapours or injudicious medication and radiation of various kinds, including sunlight. conjunctivitis (k sun lamp conjunctivitis See actinic keratoconjunctivitis . swimming pool conjunctivitis See adult inclusion conjunctivitis. vernal conjunctivitis Chronic, bilateral conjunctivitis which recurs in the spring and summer and is more often seen in boys than girls. Its origin is probably due to an allergy.

It is characterized by hard flattened papillae of a bluish-white colour separated by furrows and having the appearance of 'cobblestones' located in the upper palpebral portion of the conjunctiva with mucus deposition between the papillae. A second type of vernal conjunctivitis exists which affects the limbal region of the bulbar conjunctiva, characterized by the formation of small, gelatinous white dots called Trantas' dots or Horner-Trantas' dots. The chief symptom of the disease is intense itching. Treatment consists mainly of cold compresses and limited (because of side effects) use of topical corticosteroids (e.g. dexamethasone, prednisolone). Sodium cromoglicate or lodoxamide have also been found to be very successful in treating this condition and with fewer side effects than corticosteroids. Syn. vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) (although this is not strictly speaking a synonym since the condition often involves the cornea; spring catarrh; vernal catarrh (Fig. C14). See antihistamine ; atopic keratoconjunctivitis ; mast cell stabilizers .

viral conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis caused by a virus. A variety of viruses can produce the disease. See acute conjunctivitis . Fig.

C14 'Cobblestones' papillae in severe vernal conjunctivitis con·junc·ti·vi·tis (kŏn-jŭngk'ti-vī'tis) Conjunctivitis | Pink Eye | Causes | CDC A leading cause of children being absent from daycare or school [ 1 ] More common in kids than adults Allergic Conjunctivitis The result of the body's reaction to allergens, such as pollen from trees, plants, grasses, and weeds; dust mites; molds; dander from pets; medicines, or cosmetics Not contagious Occurs more frequently among people with other allergic conditions, such as hay fever, asthma, and eczema Can occur seasonally, when allergens such as pollen counts are high Can also occur year-round due to indoor allergens, such as dust mites and animal dander May result, in some people, from exposure to certain drugs and cosmetics Conjunctivitis Caused by Irritants Caused by irritation from a foreign body in the eye or contact with chemicals, fumes, smoke, or dust Not contagious Can occur when contact lenses are worn too long or not cleaned properly Related Pages VisionWeb Uveitis Pink Eye Pink eye affects the

 conjunctiva, the membrane lining the exposed surface of the eye and the inside surface of the eyelids, causing its namesake irritation.

Overview Pink eye, medically known as conjunctivitis (kun-junk-te-VI-tis) is an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva , the thin, protective membrane that covers the surface of the eyeball and inner surface of the eyelids. It is caused by bacteria, viruses and other germs that are transmitted to the eye through contaminated hands, towels, and eye makeup or extended wear contacts; by exposure to irritants such as chemicals, smoke or dust; or by pollen and other allergens. It is not uncommon for conjunctivitis eye to accompany a cold or flu. Conjunctivitis is highly contagious -– and tends to be prevalent in daycare centers and schools -– spreading by direct person-to-person contact, in airborne droplets that are coughed or sneezed, or from sharing makeup, towels and washcloths. Its telltale sign is redness in the white of the eye that may be accompanied by increased tearing and/or a discharge that is watery or thick with mucus and pus and causes the eyelids to stick together. Although usually a minor eye infection that improves within two weeks, some types can develop into serious corneal inflammation and vision loss if not treated quickly.

If you wear contact lenses and suspect you have conjunctivitis, discontinue wearing your contacts until the condition clears; you may also need to replace your contact lenses to prevent recurrence. There are four primary types: Bacterial conjunctivitis is the most common and serious type. It can affect one or both eyes and is usually accompanied by a heavy, yellow discharge. Caused by a variety of bacteria, including, staphylococci (staph) and streptococci (strep) and pneumococci, bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eye drops and typically resolves within 5 days. Children who are born to mothers with vaginal gonorrhea or chlamydia infections can develop conjunctivitis if contaminated secretions in the birth canal during vaginal delivery infect their eyes. Antibiotics are prescribed to help prevent the infection from spreading to the inner eye or other parts of the body, and impede infection to others. Warm compresses also help soothe the eye, and use of artificial tears will help clear discharges and dilute the bacterial toxins.

Your eyecare provider may also recommend you scrub your eyelids with a solution made by adding 6 drops of tearless baby shampoo in 6 ounces of water. Viral conjunctivitis is usually caused by one adenoviruses, the family responsible for upper-respiratory illnesses such as colds, but can also result from herpes simplex, the rubeola virus that causes measles, Varicella-Zoster and other viruses. This type can also affect either one or both eyes, and usually causes a lighter discharge. Although viral conjunctivitis usually produces a superficial case that often clears on its own within two weeks, you should still see your eyecare provider to ensure it doesn’t lead to a more serious infection (keratoconjunctivitis) that can cloud the cornea. Antibiotics should not be used for this type -- they are ineffective and, in fact, could be dangerous. Your eyecare provider may recommend a topical and oral anti-herpetic medication that can help suppress herpes viral infections. A warm compress, with or without diluted baby shampoo, may relieve some of the discomfort. Artificial tears or over-the-counter decongestant eye drops can also be used.

Allergic conjunctivitis results from a response to airborne pollen, dust, smoke, or environmental agents. Both eyes are usually affected and may itch, tear excessively and discharge a stringy mucous. You may also have other allergic reactions, such as a runny or itchy nose. Allergy tests can identify specific causes, and repeated injections may desensitize you to the allergens. Topical eye drops are available to relieve symptoms, and depending on the severity, you eyecare provider or physician may also recommend oral medications such as over-the-counter or prescription decongestant-antihistamines. Eyecare products such as contact lens solutions or eye drops can cause allergic reactions as well. Discontinue use if you notice allergic conjunctivitis symptoms following the use of a particular product. Chemical conjunctivitis is caused by exposure to irritating liquids, powders, or fumes and requires immediate action. Common irritants in include chlorine, detergents, fuels, ammonia, smoke and pesticides. First, flush the eye with cold water continuously for 15 minutes.

Then, apply an over-the-counter product such as Visine for minor irritants such as chlorine from a swimming pool; for chemicals such as ammonia or bleach, emergency medical treatment is needed. Symptoms The primary symptom is redness and inflammation in the white part of the eye. In addition, you may experience: Swelling, burning and/or itching in one or both eyes Excessive tearing or water An eye discharge that forms a crust, especially at night. In viral conjunctivitis, the discharge is usually thin and watery; in bacterial cases, it tends to be green or yellow and sticky. Blurred vision or sensitivity to light A gritty feeling in your eye Prevention The best way to prevent viral and bacterial conjunctivitis is to wash your hands frequently and avoid touching your eyes. It’s also advised to never share towels, washcloths or eye makeup. If you are pregnant, you should get tested for sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia to avoid eye infections of your newborn (although as a preventative measure, they are treated with antibiotic eye drops following delivery). To prevent allergic or chemical conjunctivitis, you need to be aware of possible irritants.

Besides tests to can determine allergic triggers, take steps to avoid exposure to irritants by keeping your environment well-ventilated, particularly when using products that produce smoke, chemicals or fumes, and by wearing protective eyewear and clothing when handling chemicals. Treatment If you suspect conjunctivitis, see your eyecare provider. Often, a culture checking for bacterial growth is performed. If it is positive, you’ll be prescribed antibiotic eye drops or ointment and likely experience relief within a few days; cases of viral conjunctivitis may take a week or longer to heal, and your doctor may suggest over-the-counter eye drops, although many cases clear on their own. Allergic conjunctivitis tends to take longer unless exposure to the allergen is identified and eliminated. Prior to applying eye drops, wipe pus off the eyelids with a cotton ball dipped in warm water. If you are giving drops to a child, gently pull the lower lid down and place one drop (or a 1/4 inch ribbon of ointment) into the small pouch that this forms. Avoid touching the dropper or tube to the eye. In addition to medication, you can treat the symptoms with warm compresses to relieve itching and burning and help remove the discharge.

Applying a clean washcloth to your eyelids for 10 to 20 minutes, several times a day. Your doctor may also suggest you gently scrub your eyelids with a solution made by adding 6 drops of tearless baby shampoo into 6 ounces of water. Avoid swimming until the condition has healed. ©VisionWeb Infective Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments - Medical News Today Infective Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments Written by Christian Nordqvist 4 1 There is a thin layer of cells (membrane) between the inner surface of the eyelids and the whites of the eyes, called the conjunctiva. Conjunctivitis is when the conjunctiva becomes inflamed. Another name for conjunctivitis is pink eye. Inflammation causes tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the conjunctiva to become more prominent, giving the eye a red or pink look. Types of conjunctivitis There are three different types of conjunctivitis: 1) Irritant conjunctivitis Something has irritated the area. It could be an eyelash that got stuck, or chlorine after a swimming in a pool.

The eye(s) can become sore. People instinctively rub sore eyes, which unfortunately tends to irritate them more. 2) Allergic conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis happens when an allergen comes into contact with the eye, such as dust mites, pollen or animal fur. An allergen makes the body's immune system overreact, causing irritation and inflammation. 3) Infective conjunctivitis Infective conjunctivitis is caused by a bacteria or virus This is caused by a bacteria or virus. Sexually transmitted infections , such as Chlamydia or gonorrhea can cause conjunctivitis, but rarely so. A viral or bacterial infection typically makes the eyes red/pink and watery. There will be sticky coating on the eyelashes. Infective conjunctivitis accounts for 35% of all eye-related problems recorded in GP surgeries by the National Health Service (NHS), UK. Children and elderly people tend to get it more than others. The rest of this article focuses on infective conjunctivitis. Symptoms of infective conjunctivitis Typically one eye will be affected first, and a few days later the other one will too - although this is not always the case.

Signs and symptoms may include the following: The eye goes red - irritation and widening of the tiny blood vessels in the conjunctiva make the eye go red. If the eye becomes very red and painful you should see a doctor. If your vision is affected, or you develop photophobia (very sensitive to light) you should see a doctor too. Seeing the doctor if you have these symptoms is important because there is a chance that a more serious condition is causing them. Watery eye - there are thousands of cells in the conjunctiva that produce mucus, as well as very small glands that produce tears. When the area is irritated the tear glands become overactive, making the eye watery and shiny. Sticky coating on the eyelashes - this is most noticeable and annoying when waking up after a long sleep. Sometimes the eyelids are stuck together, as if by glue. The sticky coating is pus which is produced by the infection. Sometimes the coating can harden into a kind of crust. When this happens to a young child for the first time it can be very distressing - the parent or nearby adult needs to reassure the child that nothing bad has happened and that they will soon be able to open their eyes again after a "gentle wash".

Sore eyes - some people describe the sensation as gritty, as if there were sand in the eyes. Swollen eyelids - the eyelids may swell when the conjunctiva becomes very inflamed, or if the sufferer has been rubbing them a lot. Swollen lymph node - the lymph node in front of the ear becomes swollen and slightly tender. The lymph node is part of the body's immune system, which fights infection. The lymph node may feel like a button under the skin. Respiratory tract infection - this may include flu-like symptoms, such as fever , headache , aching limbs, and sore throat . On the next page we look at the causes of infective conjunctivitis and how it can be diagnosed. On the final page we discuss treatments for infective conjunctivitis and complications caused by the condition. Conjunctivitis - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is an infective condition in which one or both eyes become red and inflamed. The condition is not normally serious and in most cases resolves spontaneously.

People with acute conjunctivitis are often given antibiotics, usually as eye drops or ointment, to speed recovery. The benefits of antibiotics to the sufferer of conjunctivitis have been questioned. We found 11 randomised controlled trial (RCTs) from different parts of the world which recruited a total of 3673 participants overall. We judged two of the trials to be of high quality, and we graded the remainder as poor quality. This updated review provides clearer evidence that use of antibiotic eye drops can speed up the resolution of symptoms and infection, and that they are unlikely to be associated with any serious side effects. Conjunctivitis: Can antibiotics help? Almost half of all simple cases of conjunctivitis clear up within ten days without any treatment. If the conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria, antibiotic eye drops or creams can help speed up the process somewhat. If it is caused by a virus, antibiotics do not help. Conjunctivitis: Overview Typical symptoms of conjunctivitis include sticky eyelids in the morning, and itchy and burning eyes. This infection is usually harmless, but it is contagious and can be quite persistent, depending on the cause.

Here you can read about effective treatments and how to prevent infection. Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is an infective condition in which one or both eyes become red and inflamed. The condition is not normally serious and in most cases resolves spontaneously. People with acute conjunctivitis are often given antibiotics, usually as eye drops or ointment, to speed recovery. The benefits of antibiotics to the sufferer of conjunctivitis have been questioned. We found 11 randomised controlled trial (RCTs) from different parts of the world which recruited a total of 3673 participants overall. We judged two of the trials to be of high quality, and we graded the remainder as poor quality. This updated review provides clearer evidence that use of antibiotic eye drops can speed up the resolution of symptoms and infection, and that they are unlikely to be associated with any serious side effects. Adenovirus Adenovirus Adenovirus About Adenovirus Infections Adenoviruses are a group of viruses that can infect the membranes (tissue linings) of the respiratory tract, eyes, intestines, urinary tract, and nervous system.

They account for about 10% of fever-related illnesses and acute respiratory infections in kids and are a frequent cause of diarrhea . Adenoviral infections affect babies and young children much more often than adults. Childcare centers and schools sometimes have multiple cases of respiratory infections and diarrhea caused by adenovirus. Adenoviral infections can occur at any time of the year, but: respiratory tract problems caused by adenovirus are more common in late winter, spring, and early summer conjunctivitis (pinkeye) and pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenovirus tend to affect older kids, mostly in the summer Adenoviral infections can affect children of any age, but most occur in the first years of life — and most kids have had at least one before age 10. There are many different types of adenoviruses, so some kids can have repeated adenoviral infections. Signs and Symptoms Depending on which part of the body is affected, the signs and symptoms of adenoviral infections vary: Febrile respiratory disease, an infection with fever of the respiratory tract, is the most common result of adenoviral infection in kids.

The illness often appears flu-like and can include symptoms of pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx, or sore throat), rhinitis (inflammation of nasal membranes, or a congested, runny nose), cough, and swollen lymph nodes (glands). Sometimes the respiratory infection leads to acute otitis media , an infection of the middle ear. Adenovirus often affects the lower respiratory tract as well, causing bronchiolitis , croup , or viral pneumonia, which is less common but can cause serious illness in infants. Adenovirus can also produce a dry, harsh cough that can resemble whooping cough (pertussis) . Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, vomiting, headache, fever, and abdominal cramps. Genitourinary infections: Urinary tract infections can cause frequent urination, burning, pain, and blood in the urine. Adenoviruses are also known to cause a condition called hemorrhagic cystitis, which is characterized by blood in the urine. Hemorrhagic cystitis usually resolves on its own.

Eye infections: Pinkeye (conjunctivitis) is a mild inflammation of the conjunctiva (membranes that cover the eye and inner surfaces of the eyelids). Symptoms include red eyes, discharge, tearing, and the feeling that there's something in the eye. Pharyngoconjunctival fever, often seen in small outbreaks among school-age kids, occurs when adenovirus affects both the lining of the eye and the respiratory tract. Symptoms include very red eyes and a severe sore throat, sometimes accompanied by low-grade fever, rhinitis, and swollen lymph nodes. Keratoconjunctivitis is a more severe infection that involves both the conjunctiva and cornea (the transparent front part of the eye) in both eyes. This type of adenoviral infection is extremely contagious and occurs most often in older kids and young adults, causing red eyes, photophobia (discomfort of the eyes upon exposure to light), blurry vision, tearing, and pain. Nervous system infections: Meningitis and encephalitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord) can sometimes happen due to adenovirus infection.

Symptoms can include fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, stiff neck, or skin rash. previous continue Contagiousness Adenovirus is highly contagious, so multiple cases are common in close-contact settings like childcare centers, schools, hospitals, and summer camps. The types of adenovirus that cause respiratory and intestinal infections spread from person to person through respiratory secretions (coughs or sneezes) or fecal contamination. Fecal material can spread via contaminated water, eating food contaminated by houseflies, and poor hand washing (such as after using the bathroom, before eating or preparing food, or after handling dirty diapers). A child might also pick up the virus by holding hands or sharing a toy with an infected person. Adenovirus can survive on surfaces for long periods, so indirect transmission can occur through exposure to the contaminated surfaces of furniture and other objects. The types of adenovirus causing pinkeye may be transmitted by water (in lakes and swimming pools), by sharing contaminated objects (such as towels or toys), or by touch. Once a child is exposed to adenovirus, symptoms usually develop from 2 days to 2 weeks later.

previous continue Treatment Adenoviral illnesses often resemble certain bacterial infections, which can be treated with antibiotics. But antibiotics don't work against viruses. To diagnose the true cause of the symptoms so that proper treatment can be prescribed, your doctor may want to test respiratory or conjunctival secretions, a stool specimen, or a blood or urine sample. The doctor will decide on a course of action based on your child's condition. Adenoviral infections usually don't require hospitalization. However, babies and young children may not be able to drink enough fluids to replace what they lose during vomiting or diarrhea and so might need to be hospitalized to treat or prevent dehydration . Also, young (especially premature) infants with pneumonia usually need to be hospitalized. In most cases, a child's body, with the help of the immune system, will get rid of the virus over time. Antibiotics cannot treat a viral infection, so it's best to just make your child more comfortable. Children with weakened immune systems, transplants, HIV or AIDS, or congenital immunodeficiencies may have a more difficult time fighting adenovirus, so stronger treatment might be needed.

(A congenital immunodeficiency is a condition a baby is born with that causes the immune system to not work properly.) If your child has a respiratory infection or fever, getting plenty of rest and taking in extra fluids are essential. A cool-mist humidifier (vaporizer) may help loosen congestion and make your child more comfortable. Be sure to clean and dry the humidifier thoroughly each day to prevent bacterial or mold contamination. If your child is under 6 months old, you may need to clear his or her nose with nasal saline drops and a bulb syringe. Don't give any over-the-counter (OTC) cold remedies or cough medicines without checking with your doctor. You can use acetaminophen to treat a fever (your doctor will tell you the proper dose); however, do not give aspirin because of the risk of Reye syndrome , a life-threatening illness. If your child has diarrhea or is vomiting, increase fluid intake and check with the doctor about giving an oral rehydration solution to prevent dehydration. To relieve the symptoms of pinkeye, use warm compresses and, if your doctor recommends them, a topical eye ointment or drops. Most adenoviral infections last from a few days to a week.

However: severe respiratory infections may last longer and cause lingering symptoms, such as a cough pneumonia can last anywhere from 2–4 weeks pinkeye can persist for another several days to a week more severe keratoconjunctivitis can last for several weeks adenovirus can cause diarrhea that lasts up to 2 weeks (longer than other viral diarrhea episodes) Prevention There's no way to completely prevent adenoviral infections in kids. To reduce their spread, parents and other caregivers should encourage frequent hand washing, keep shared surfaces (such as countertops and toys) clean, and remove kids with infections from group settings until symptoms pass. When to Call the Doctor Most of these adenoviral conditions and their symptoms are also associated with other causes. Call your doctor if: a fever continues more than a few days symptoms seem to get worse after a week your child has breathing problems your child is under 3 months old any swelling and redness around the eye becomes more severe or painful your child shows signs of dehydration, such as appearing tired or lacking energy, producing less urine or tears, or having a dry mouth or sunken eyes Remember, you know your child best. If he or she appears to be severely ill, don't hesitate to call your doctor right away.

Question: What part of the body is affected by conjunctivitis?
Answer: Eye