Site where Wallace made Scots Guardian uncovered in Selkirk - The Scotsman Site where Wallace made Scots Guardian uncovered in Selkirk William Wallace. Picture: Ian Rutherford GEORGE MAIR Have your say Archaeologists believe they have uncovered the remains of the medieval Borders kirk where Sir William Wallace was appointed Guardian of Scotland more than 700 years ago. The Scottish hero was made Guardian of Scotland in 1297, after defeating the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. A ceremony took place in front of gathered nobles and clergy in the Kirk o’ the Forest, in Selkirk. The scene was depicted in Mel Gibson’s Oscar-winning epic Braveheart, but the church itself was demolished and later churches built on the site in the 16th and 18th centuries. A geophysics survey carried out within the ruins of the 18th century Auld Kirk was expected to show traces of its 16th century predecessor. Instead, it revealed the remains of a medieval chapel, pinpointing the spot where Wallace was honoured.

Dr Chris Bowles, Scottish Borders Council’s archaeologist, said: “The association between William Wallace and this area is quite well documented, with Wallace using guerrilla tactics to fight the English from the Ettrick Forest. “We knew vaguely this site was associated with Wallace, and the Scottish nobles made him Guardian of Scotland at the Kirk o’ the Forest in recognition of his military successes. “We had been expecting the survey to uncover a 16th century church that we know to have existed and which was a replacement to the medieval church, but the only evidence in the survey is in relation to the medieval church. “What we found was the foundation footprint of a medieval chapel within the footprint of the 18th century church. There are certainly wall lines forming an east-west aligned rectangle. The measurements are similar to St Margaret’s Chapel in Edinburgh Castle and point to it possibly being a Romanesque chapel. “If it is the Kirk o’ the Forest, it is where Wallace was honoured.

He went on to become the legendary figure he remains today.” Dr Bowles, who commissioned the survey by the University of Durham in conjunction with the Selkirk Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme (CARS), said: ”It was in the back of my mind that if we found any evidence of the medieval church we could have something that could be an attraction to people.. BBC - History - William Wallace z William Wallace © Wallace led the Scottish rebellion against Edward I and inflicted a famous defeat on the English army at Stirling Bridge. He is remembered as a patriot and national hero. William Wallace was born in the 1270s in Elderslie in Renfrewshire into a gentry family. Very little is known about his early years and there are significant periods of his life for which there are no reliable sources. In 1296, Edward I of England had taken advantage of a succession crisis in Scotland and imposed himself as ruler with an English administration. Within months, Scottish unrest was widespread. In May 1297, Wallace attacked the town of Lanark, killing the English sheriff and unrest quickly became full-blown rebellion. Men flocked to join Wallace and he began to drive the English out of Fife and Perthshire.

In September 1297, Wallace defeated a much larger English force at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. This and subsequent military successes severely weakened the English hold on Scotland. Wallace then launched raids into England. In late 1297 or early 1298 he was knighted and appointed 'guardian of the kingdom' in the name of John Balliol, the deposed king of Scotland. The shock of the defeat at Stirling rallied the English around Edward, who marched north with an army. Wallace's strategy was to avoid confrontation and gradually withdraw. He destroyed the countryside as he went, forcing Edward to march deeper and deeper into Scotland. In July 1298, the Scottish and English armies met near Falkirk, and the Scots were defeated. Wallace escaped and little is known of his movements, but at some stage he resigned the guardianship and was succeeded by Robert Bruce and John Comyn. Wallace then went abroad, notably to France, to seek support for the Scottish cause. He returned to Scotland in 1303. In his absence Robert Bruce had accepted a truce with Edward I and, in 1304, John Comyn came to terms with the English as well.

Wallace was excluded from these terms and the English king offered a large sum of money to anyone who killed or captured him. Wallace was seized in or near Glasgow in August 1305, and transported to London. He was charged and tried with treason, which he denied, saying he had never sworn allegiance to the English king. His execution was held on 23 August, where he was hung, drawn and quartered. His head was placed on London Bridge, and his limbs displayed in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling and Perth. Sir William Wallace | Scottish hero | Britannica.com Sir William Wallace Sir James Douglas Sir William Wallace, (born c. 1270, probably near Paisley , Renfrew , Scotland—died August 23, 1305, London , England ), one of Scotland ’s greatest national heroes, leader of the Scottish resistance forces during the first years of the long and ultimately successful struggle to free Scotland from English rule. Sir William Wallace, undated engraving. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (Digital File Number: cph 3c20690 ) His father, Sir Malcolm Wallace, was a small landowner in Renfrew.

In 1296 King Edward I of England deposed and imprisoned the Scottish king John de Balliol and declared himself ruler of Scotland. Sporadic resistance had already occurred when, in May 1297, Wallace and a band of some 30 men burned Lanark and killed its English sheriff . Wallace then organized an army of commoners and small landowners and attacked the English garrisons between the Rivers Forth and Tay. On September 11, 1297, an English army under John de Warenne, earl of Surrey, confronted him at the Forth near Stirling . Wallace’s forces were greatly outnumbered, but Surrey had to cross a narrow bridge over the Forth before he could reach the Scottish positions. By slaughtering the English as they crossed the river, Wallace gained an overwhelming victory. He captured Stirling Castle, and for the moment Scotland was nearly free of occupying forces. In October he invaded northern England and ravaged the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland. Upon returning to Scotland early in December 1297, Wallace was knighted and proclaimed guardian of the kingdom, ruling in Balliol’s name.

Nevertheless, many nobles lent him only grudging support; and he had yet to confront Edward I, who was campaigning in France. Edward returned to England in March 1298, and on July 3 he invaded Scotland. On July 22 Wallace’s spearmen were defeated by Edward’s archers and cavalry in the Battle of Falkirk , Stirling. Although Edward failed to pacify Scotland before returning to England, Wallace’s military reputation was ruined. He resigned his guardianship in December and was succeeded by Robert de Bruce (later King Robert I ) and Sir John Comyn “the Red.” There is some evidence that Wallace went to France in 1299 and thereafter acted as a solitary guerrilla leader in Scotland; but from the autumn of 1299 nothing is known of his activities for more than four years. Although most of the Scottish nobles submitted to Edward in 1304, the English continued to pursue Wallace relentlessly. On August 5, 1305, he was arrested near Glasgow . Taken to London, he was condemned as a traitor to the king even though, as he maintained, he had never sworn allegiance to Edward.

He was hanged , disemboweled, beheaded, and quartered (see drawing and quartering ). In 1306 Bruce raised the rebellion that eventually won independence for Scotland. Britannica Stories William Wallace Biography – Life of Scottish Military Hero Source of Fame Commander in the Scottish Wars of Independence William Wallace (c. 1270-1305) was a Scottish country gentleman who led his nation in several battles against the English. Although he was a brilliant military strategist, he was eventually captured and executed in London. After his death, Wallace became one of the iconic figures of Scottish nationalism and has been greatly celebrated in both literature and film. Early Life Wallace was born c. 1270 near Kilmarnock. Not much can be said with certainty about Wallace’s childhood, as almost no contemporary records of this period have survived. According to a chronicler writing two centuries later, Wallace was one of three brothers, the others named John and Malcolm. He was educated by two of his uncles, who were also clergymen, and was taught Latin and French. In 1290, a conflict emerged about the right of succession to the kingship of Scotland. Edward came forward.

He entered Scotland at the head of a great army and considered himself the lord of a vassal state. After hearing each candidate’s claim to the throne, Edward chose John Balliol to serve as a puppet ruler. In the spring, Balliol announced that he would no longer pay homage to the English king, which prompted Edward to sack the border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed. He continued with victory at the Battle of Dunbar, and by the summer Balliol was compelled to renounce his throne. In August, Edward came to Berwick and two thousand local leaders paid him homage. Edward ultimately brought Scotland under his own rule. Emergence as a Military Leader In 1297, Wallace began what would become a definitive campaign against Edward. A petty dispute about the right to catch fish grew into a serious conflict during which Wallace killed two English soldiers. A warrant for his arrest was issued. Wallace resented the English, because his father had been killed by Englishmen in 1291. Determined to avenge his father’s death, he was victorious in the battles of Loudoun Hill and Ayr. In May, Wallace won a further victory at Scone, fighting alongside Sir William Douglas.

Despite these triumphs, in the end, the Scottish nobility agreed on terms with Edward in July, and the following month Wallace went to Sterling to meet up with the army of Andrew de Moray who was leading another rebellion. The Battle of Stirling Bridge On September 11, 1297, Wallace won his most significant military victory. The Scottish rebels at Stirling Bridge were outnumbered by their English adversaries and de Moray and Wallace realized the strategic importance of Stirling bridge. Because of its narrowness, the English could not cross it in wide formation, which would have allowed the Scottish rebels to attack from a distance as the English attempted to advance. As English soldiers realized what was happening they decided to retreat only to be driven again by the Scottish who were continuing to advance from farther back. Many men were now on the bridge, and so it collapsed drowning many of the Englishmen. A portion of the Scottish army crossed the river a small distance upstream, which allowed them to mount a pincer movement. This strategy forced the English soldiers back to the river. The defeat over and English armies gave the Scottish army more confidence. Wallace was knighted for his bravery, and in March 1297 he was made the Guardian of Scotland.

De Moray was not so lucky. He eventually passed away three months later from wounds he had received in battle. Wallace would now have to lead the campaign alone. The Battle of Falkirk Although the Scottish fighters gained an advantage after the Battle at Stirling Bridge, the tide of the war turned the following year. In June 1298, Edward’s men crossed into Scotland at Roxburgh and succeeded in taking back a few castles. They took a considerable amount of treasure. However, this did not draw William back to the battlefield. Errors in supplies and organization left the English with scarce food and particularly low morale. Men with spears were arranged in four roughly circular groups, each one guarded by an circular wall made of wooden stakes. Despite the strength of these defenses, the English gained an advantage by mounting a rapid cavalry attack. This caused panic in the ranks of the Scottish archers and many of Wallace’s knights retreated. Meanwhile, Edward’s infantry hurled spears stones, arrows and bolts at the Scottish soldiers. After a short time, gaps opened up in the Scottish defenses, and it became clear that the English to needed to suppress the resistance which remained. Wallace’s reputation as a military strategist was damaged because he lost many of his soldiers.

By 1298, Wallace gave up his position as the Guardian of John Comyn and Robert Bruce. Bruce made peace with Edward four years later, but Wallace, who visited France at this time, refused. Wallace’s Death and Legacy William Wallace remained a free man until the spring of 1305. In May, he was taken prisoner by Sir John de Menteith outside Glasgowl. He was Scottish but maintained allegiance to Edward. Wallace was accused of treason because he had never submitted to Edward’s rule. The outcome of his trial was clear. Wallace was condemned to death. On August 23, 1305, Edward I had William Wallace drawn, quartered, and then hanged. In the end, his head was placed on a pike at London Bridge, and his severed limbs were showcased in four cities in Scotland and northern England. In 1869, a William Wallace Monument was built at Stirling Bridge, and today the life of William Wallace is celebrated as a symbol of Scottish independence. Leave a Reply The National Archives | Exhibitions | Uniting the Kingdoms? Read more about this topic... William Wallace Not all Scots accepted English authority.

In May 1297 William Wallace began a series of risings that culminated in his victory at Stirling Bridge on 11 September 1297. Wallace then became Guardian of Scotland, using the seal of Balliol, whose deposition he did not recognize. Edward I defeated Wallace at Falkirk in July 1298, and Wallace was replaced as Guardian by Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, and John Comyn of Badenoch. Wallace travelled abroad after 1299 to encourage the Pope and the King of France to secure a solution that preserved Scottish independence. Wallace's increasing influence raised the prospect of Balliol's return to power and the denial of Bruce's claim to the throne. It may have been for this reason that Bruce joined the English in 1302. The Scottish Parliament submitted to Edward I in March 1304, by which time Wallace had also returned to Scotland. He was captured and executed by the English in August 1305. Bruce's struggle against the English By 1305, Scotland was described as a land and not a realm by Edward I, suggesting his intention of placing it under direct English rule.

Edward's exclusion of Scottish influence is shown by the prominence of the three lions of England on the seal he used for Scottish affairs. He was reluctant to grant English-held land to his supporters and offered unconquered areas as reward. This may have been why Bruce again changed sides and claimed the throne directly. He murdered John Comyn in February 1306, and was crowned at Scone on 25 March. However, a series of defeats quickly forced the collapse of his rule. Bruce hid from the English in the Western Isles of Scotland during the winter of 1306-7, when he was famously inspired by a spider to attempt a further recovery of the throne. He returned in the spring and won victories in Ayrshire. The death of Edward I in July and hesitation by Edward II also allowed Bruce to defeat the followers of Comyn. By 1308 his support was growing. He raided northern England and soon received the backing of the Scottish clergy. He then began to expel the English from southern Scotland. On 24 June 1314 at Bannockburn he brilliantly defeated a larger English army attempting to raise the siege of Stirling castle.

Bruce in power Bannockburn strengthened Bruce's position as king. He was able to reward his own supporters, and demanded oaths of loyalty from others. He had also decided on his heir and struck a new seal by 1318. Bruce's armies captured Berwick in April 1318 and savage raids, as far as Yorkshire, brought about a truce with England in December 1319. Bruce's right to be king was not recognized by Edward II, however, and further Scottish raids in northern England were made in order to prod the English into a lasting peace. In April 1320 the Scots also launched a diplomatic mission, with the declaration of Arbroath, to persuade Pope John XXII to uphold Scottish independence. Bruce was not recognized as king by the Pope until 1324. Scottish raids and peace negotiations continued in the years up to 1324, but England still did not recognize Robert I, and would not give up the claim to Scotland.

The auld alliance with France was renewed with the Treaty of Corbeil in April 1326, and the deposition of Edward II in September 1327 and further raiding finally forced the English to recognize Scottish independence and Bruce's kingship in 1328. On his death in June 1329, Bruce passed the succession to his heir David, but since he was under age, a regency was established under the Earl of Mar, David's uncle. This led to renewed conflict, as Edward III promoted the rival claims of Edward Balliol to the Scottish crown after 1332. Archaeologists Say They Have Found an Important Medieval Site Linked to Scottish Hero William Wallace | Ancient Origins 6 May, 2016 - 00:45 Mark Miller Archaeologists Say They Have Found an Important Medieval Site Linked to Scottish Hero William Wallace (Read the article on one page) Archaeologists think they’ve confirmed the site where William Wallace was dubbed Guardian of Scotland but are restricted from excavating more because of so many graves in the churchyard.

The site, Auld Kirk in Selkirk, is the same place where tradition says the national hero Wallace, who led a famous rebellion against England, was confirmed as guardian by priests and the nobility in 1297 AD, says an article in The National. Kirk is an old word for church. A geophysical analysis of the ruins of Auld Kirk revealed an even older church underneath the current structure, possibly a medieval building that archaeologists say strengthens the claim that it was the Kirk o’ the Forest. In that church, officials held the ceremony appointing Wallace and Sir Andrew Moray to the joint guardianship of the country. It wasn’t long after that Moray died and Wallace was the sole guardian, but he served in that capacity only until the following year, when the English defeated his forces in 1298 at Falkirk. But Wallace continued to serve the Scottish people, including was a warrior. A 1906 depiction of William Wallace in H.E. Marshall’s ‘Scotland's Story.’ ( Public Domain ) In 1299, Wallace went on a diplomatic mission to the French, trying to get them to help in the war against England.

French King Phillip the Fair recommended Wallace to Pope Boniface VII, who had been handed John Balliol, a claimant to the Scottish throne. Wallace had hoped to have Balliol restored, but it didn’t happen, though Balliol was allowed to go into exile in France. Wallace returned to Scotland, and historians believe he fought at the 1303 Battle of Rosslyn, in which the Scots defeated three English armies in one day. On August 3, 1305, the English captured Wallace in Robroyston. He was taken to Carlisle and then paraded to London on foot and in shackles. Wallace faced trial on August 23 in Westminster Hall, where he was charged with murder and treason. He denied the treason, saying he hadn’t sworn fealty to Edward. It’s said the guilty verdict and his punishment—hanging, drawing, and quartering—were decided beforehand. This was to be a traitor’s death. ‘The Trial of William Wallace at Westminster’ (pre-1870) by Daniel Maclise. ( Public Domain ) “William Wallace was strapped to a wooden hurdle. He was dragged though the streets to the Elms at Smithfield.

There he was hanged from a gallows but cut down while he still lived. He was disemboweled before his head was hacked off and his body was cut into pieces,” says an article on the site Scotland History . Wallace’s place in the history of Scotland is second to none. A biography at ElectricScotland.com says: “William Wallace is one of Scotland's greatest national heroes, undisputed leader of the Scottish resistance forces during the first years of the long and ultimately successful struggle to free Scotland from English rule at the end of the 13th Century.” English King Edward Longshanks wanted the Scottish crown for himself. 16th-century illustration of King Edward I presiding over Parliament. The scene depicts Alexander III of Scotland and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales beside Edward; an episode that never actually occurred. ( Public Domain ) Archaeologists working at the Auld Kirk had originally been hoping to find a 16th century church, but they found one from medieval or Norman times instead, The National reports. New Language Dating Back to Iron Age Discovered in Scotland Chris Bowles, the Scottish Borders Council’s archaeologist, commissioned the University of Durham’s geophysical survey along with Selkirk Conversation Regeneration Scheme.

“Ruins of the Auld Kirk date from the 18th century, but we knew this had replaced earlier churches on the site from the 12th and 16th centuries,” Dr. Bowles said , adding: “We had been expecting the geophysics survey to uncover a 16th-century church that we know to have existed and which was a replacement to the medieval church, but the only evidence in the survey is in relation to the medieval church. The association between Wallace and the local area is quite well documented, with Wallace using guerilla tactics to fight the English from the Ettrick Forest. The Scottish nobles made Wallace Guardian of Scotland in recognition of his military successes.” Bowles also noted that there is a lack of information at the site, but hopes that this may change in the future: “There has been little archaeological work carried out to date. We are very restricted by the burials in the area to allow any excavation. But in the future it may be possible to conduct limited investigations in areas where there is no evidence of burial.” Dr. Chris Bowles (left) and Colin Gilmour, the Selkirk Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme Project Manager, at Auld Kirk.

( Scottish Borders Council ) Wallace was one of many guardians of Scotland during his era. There were 20 or 21 guardians in total, but Wallace holds the distinction of serving as sole guardian. William Wallace gained worldwide fame in the 1995 movie Braveheart, directed by and starring Mel Gibson. Featured Image: Selkirk’s Auld Kirk, where archaeologists say that William Wallace was declared Guardian of Scotland in 1297. Source: Scottish Borders Council Wallace Monument | Stirling Tourist Attraction | Sir William Wallace Sir William Wallace, Guardian of Scotland Over 700 years ago… …tyranny and terror were the tools being used by England to rule Scotland. Occupied and oppressed, the Scottish nation sought a hero to challenge the cruelty of King Edward I. Someone to take the campaign for freedom into battle, and on to victory. When the two countries faced each other at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, Scotland was led to victory by a figure destined to become a national hero – William Wallace.

Sir William Wallace A hero of Scotland and a true patriot, had a burning desire for peace and freedom which united the country’s clans, gained the loyalty of its people, struck fear into his enemies and defied the cruel hand of an evil, warring and invading King – Edward I of England. All the drama of Wallace’s campaign for freedom is captured at the world-famous National Wallace Monument – proudly standing on the Abbey Craig, overlooking the city of Stirling. Early Life Much of William Wallace’s life remains a mystery as historians disagree over the facts surrounding the hero’s eventful life. The exact circumstances of the patriot’s birth are unknown but it is believed that he was born around 1270, either at Elderslie near Paisley or Ellerslie in Ayrshire, into a minor noble family. The Battle Of Stirling Bridge As a result of Wallace’s rising, John de Warenne, the Earl of Surrey, was ordered to march north by King Edward I in September 1297. Warenne had a huge force of heavy cavalry and was anticipating a victory.

Stirling was the main entry point to the north of Scotland, so it was here, just north of Stirling Bridge, on the Abbey Craig that Wallace encamped with his army. The bridge (which stood 180 metres upstream from the 15th century stone bridge that still stands today) was only wide enough for two horsemen to pass abreast, and it would have taken the English army hours to cross. On the 11th September the battle began as the English were forced to cross the bridge. Wallace and Andrew de Moray waited until more than half the English had made the crossing before springing their trap. Scottish spearsmen charged down the causeway. Those on the right flank forced their way along the river bank to the north end of the bridge, preventing the English from escaping. Those on the south bank of the river, including Warenne, retreated to Berwick. From those trapped on the north side, more than 100 men-at-arms and 5,000 Welsh infantry were caught and slaughtered by the Scottish forces. Wallace’s comrade Andrew de Moray was wounded in battle, and died two months later.

Wallace’s Death After his betrayal and capture, Wallace was taken to London, where he was tried. He was found guilty, hanged, disembowelled, beheaded, and quartered on 23rd August 1305. Wallace’ death did not end Scotland’s Wars of Independence. Robert the Bruce continued the fight and achieved victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. For more information on the story of William Wallace and of The National Wallace Monument you can buy The National Wallace Monument Guide Book in the Visitor Reception Centre, or inside the Monument. Fabulous experience! Great actors; excellent attendants and fairly priced - completely recommend this spot! Tawny409 - Canada "History coming to life" All I can say about this is go along and see for yourself, you wont be disappointed. Plenty to see and get involved in. I had a great time there and learnt so much more than I already knew. Rob D - Winterton "Amazing piece of history" A great day out when it's sunny whether it's with your girlfriend or your wife and kids. Lots of great sights on your way up and at the top of the monument.

There's a nice cafe and gift shop so you can take some gifts back too. Definitely worth checking out. Darrens1994 - Glasgow "Well worth the hike! (There is a free shuttle too)" This is the place you have to visit if you go to Stirling! The monument commemorates William Wallace, know to some as Braveheart, one of Scotland's greatest heroes! The views from the top are spectacular! They certainly picked the right spot when they built it a few hundred years ago! kulthos "The most amazing place" I have been visiting the Wallace monument for years and I love it, the walk up the hill is tiring but worth every minute, there is a mini bus if you prefer it, the views before you climb the monument are breathtaking, once inside, there is the history of William Wallace, and climb to the top for amazing views for miles. S H - York, United Kingdom "A must see" This was one of the highlights of our trip to Scotland. Worth every stair climber, stunning panoramic views of Scotland including Stirling castle. Fascinating history and beautiful sights.

Jessica H - Utah "Breath taking view.....for miles and miles!" Even at the foot of the tower, the view is tremendous but if you can, we recommend taking the 200 odd steps to the top to see right across to the Forth Road bridges. All material within the 3 tower rooms has been pitched at the right level and all ages can gleam a real history about Wallace. Staff all very friendly especially the bus driver! Popped into Legends cafe on the way down. Definitely worth a visit and competitively priced. We'll be back. scottishsalmon1058 "A highlight of our visit to Scotland" This Victorian era monument to Scotland's most well known hero cannot be missed. Climb the 250+ circular stone stairs to the top for spectacular views of the highlands and across the valley to Stirling Castle. Even with wind blowing 25 knots, you will be entranced with the views from the top (hold tight to your camera!). Helen D - Michigan "Amazing" Fantastic experience and well worth a visit. You learn so much and if you can make it to the top of the monument, the views are incredible.

Number of trails to walk too or enjoy a picnic around the grounds. The gift shop and cafe are worth checking out too. All very friendly staff. 271Louisa - Edinburgh, United Kingdom "Must See for History Buffs" Visiting this Monument was very moving for us. Having Scottish heritage and knowing how William Wallace's bravery led to a very important victory in the battle for Scottish independence made this a must see!! LovinLifeBigTime - Louisiana "A MUST if visiting Scotland!" If you are visiting Scotland then this is a must-see. The Monument stands above Abbey Craig and a small bus will take you up to the very top. From there you can take the steps up to the top of the Tower while actors clad in the armour of the time recall tales from the battlefield as well as the life and legacy of Sir William Wallace. If you get hungry or just want to relax then visit the Legends coffee house which caters for all tastes, from soup to a good selection of cakes. There is also a shop catering for history buffs and both big kids and small. Everyone seems to love the ever popular William Wallace t-shirt!

fabi73 - Glasgow "Very informative visit" You have a choice of walking up the track or going in a mini bus, we chose the walk up and down and were not disappointed. Very interesting visit giving the true history of Wallace and the period during which he lived. Amazing view from the top, well worth the climb up the spiral stairway (246 steps). Ali M - Ukraine "Fascinating place" Had a wonderful visit here. Good walk up to monument and very interesting inside. Look out for William Wallace's sword. Huge it is!! Lots of interesting historical information included so take the time to read it all. Ensure you get to the very top for the view over Stirling. Walk through the woods on the way down I had a few deer for company. Colin C - Mid Calder, Scotland "Excellent venue and cafe" This place gets better and better - wonderful welcome and cafe. Cafe can be used without visiting monument too. The visit is well worth it for history and the views from the top of the monument are second to none.

Smilingcustomer - Stirling Newsletter To stay informed about The National Wallace Monument you are invited to sign up for e-mail notification Quick Links BBC - Scotland's History - William Wallace Scotland's History Scotland's History Articles William Wallace William Wallace The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. You may wish to download the Adobe Flash player . "This is the truth I tell you: of all things freedom's most fine. Never submit to live, my son, in the bonds of slavery entwined." William Wallace – His Uncle's proverb, from Bower's Scotichronicon c.1440s The reputation of William Wallace runs like a fault line through later medieval chronicles. For the Scots, William Wallace was an exemplar of unbending commitment to Scotland's independence who died a martyr to the cause. For centuries after its publication, Blind Harry's 15th–century epic poem, 'The Wallace', was the second most popular book in Scotland after the Bible. For the English chroniclers he was an outlaw, a murderer, the perpetrator of atrocities and a traitor. How did an obscure Scot obtain such notoriety?

Wallace was the younger son of a Scottish knight and minor landowner. His name, Wallace or le Waleis, means the Welshman, and he was probably descended from Richard Wallace who had followed the Stewart family to Scotland in the 12th century. Little is known of Wallace's life before 1297. He was certainly educated, possibly by his uncle – a priest at Dunipace – who taught him French and Latin. It's also possible, given his later military exploits, that he had some previous military experience. In 1296 Scotland had been conquered. Beneath the surface there were deep resentments. Many of the Scots nobles were imprisoned, they were punitively taxed and expected to serve King Edward I in his military campaigns against France. The flames of revolt spread across Scotland. In May 1297 Wallace slew William Heselrig, the English Sheriff of Lanark. Soon his rising gained momentum, as men "oppressed by the burden of servitude under the intolerable rule of English domination" joined him "like a swarm of bees". From his base in the Ettrick Forest his followers struck at Scone, Ancrum and Dundee.

At the same time in the north, the young Andrew Murray led an even more successful rising. From Avoch in the Black Isle, he took Inverness and stormed Urquhart Castle by Loch Ness. His MacDougall allies cleared the west, whilst he struck through the north east. Wallace's rising drew strength from the south, and, with most of Scotland liberated, Wallace and Murray now faced open battle with an English army. The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. You may wish to download the Adobe Flash player . On 11th September Wallace and Murray achieved a stunning victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. The English left with 5,000 dead on the field, including their despised treasurer, Hugh Cressingham, whose flayed skin was taken as a trophy of victory and to make a belt for Wallace's sword. The Scots suffered one significant casualty, Andrew Murray, who was badly wounded and died two months later. "Commander of the Army of the Kingdom of Scotland" – the outlaw Wallace was now knighted and made Guardian of Scotland in Balliol's name at the forest kirk, at either Selkirk or Carluke.

It was a remarkable achievement for a mere knight to hold power over the nobles of Scotland. In a medieval world obsessed with hierarchy, Wallace's extraordinary military success catapulted him to the top of the social ladder. He now guided Scottish policy. Letters were dispatched to Europe proclaiming Scotland's renewed independence and he managed to obtain from the Papacy the appointment of the patriotic Bishop Lamberton to the vacant Bishopric of St Andrews. Militarily he took the war into the north of England, raiding around Newcastle and wreaking havoc across the north. Contemporary English chroniclers accused him of atrocities, some no doubt warranted, however, in Wallace's eyes the war, since its beginning, had been marked by brutality and butchery. The English nobility had been on the edge of civil war with Edward I. They were disgruntled over his wars in France and Scotland, however, faced with the humiliating defeat by the Scots at Stirling Bridge, they united behind him in time for the Battle of Falkirk. The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. You may wish to download the Adobe Flash player .

According to later tales, Wallace told his men: "I hae brocht ye to the ring, now see gif ye can dance", however, as one historian has called it, "it was a dance of death", as Wallace had seriously misjudged Edward's battle tactics. His Welsh archers proved to be the decisive weapon: their arrows raining death on the Scots spearmen. After Falkirk, the Scots nobles reasserted their role as guardians of the kingdom and continued the war with Edward. Wallace was assigned a new role as an envoy for the Scots to the courts of Europe. Diplomacy was crucial to the Scots war effort and Wallace, by now a renowned figure across Europe, played a high profile role. In 1299 he left Scotland for the court of King Philip IV of France. He was briefly imprisoned for various political motives, but was soon released and given the French king's safe conduct to the papal court. Wallace returned to Scotland in 1301, with the diplomatic effort seemingly in good stead. However, the French abandoned Scotland when they needed Edward's help to suppress a revolt in Flanders.

With no prospect of victory, the Scottish leaders capitulated and recognised Edward as overlord in 1304. Only Wallace refused to submit, perhaps signing his own death warrant at this time. Here was the crucial difference between Wallace and the key players from amongst the Scottish nobles – for Wallace there was no compromise, the English were his enemy and he could not accept their rule in any form. However, the nobles were more pliable and willing to switch sides, or placate the English, when it served their own ends. Wallace had become a nuisance to both his feudal superiors and the English. Wallace was declared an outlaw, which meant his life was forfeit and that anyone could kill him without trial. He continued his resistance, but on August 3rd, 1305, he was captured at Robroyston, near Glasgow. His captor, Sir John Menteith, the 'false' Menteith, has gone down in Scottish legend as the betrayer of Wallace, but he acted as many others would have. Menteith was no English lackey, and in 1320 he put his seal to the Declaration of Arbroath.

Wallace was taken to Dumbarton castle, but quickly moved to London for a show trial in Westminster Hall. He was charged with two things – being an outlaw and being a traitor. No trial was required, but, by charging him as a traitor, Edward intended to destroy his reputation. At his trial he had no lawyers and no jury, he even wasn't allowed to speak, but when he was accused of being a traitor, he denied it, saying he had never been Edward's subject in the first place. Inevitably he was found guilty and was taken for immediate execution – in a manner designed to symbolise his crimes. The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. You may wish to download the Adobe Flash player . Wrapped in an ox hide to prevent him being ripped apart, thereby shortening the torture, he was dragged by horses four miles through London to Smithfield. There he was hanged, as a murderer and thief, but cut down while still alive. Then he was mutilated, disembowelled and, being accused of treason, he was probably emasculated.

For the crimes of sacrilege to English monasteries, his heart, liver, lungs and entrails were cast upon a fire, and, finally, his head was chopped off. His carcase was then cut up into bits. His head was set on a pole on London Bridge, another part went to Newcastle, a district Wallace had destroyed in 1297–8, the rest went to Berwick, Perth and Stirling (or perhaps Aberdeen), as a warning to the Scots. Edward had destroyed the man, but had enhanced the myth. Wallace became a martyr, the very symbol of Scotland's struggle for freedom. He entered the realm of folktale and legend. From Blind Harry's 'Wallace' to Mel Gibson's 'Braveheart', William Wallace continues to haunt the Scottish imagination with a vision of freedom.

More articles Selkirk studies historic links with William Wallace - Explore the Borders Explore the Borders Written by David Pike on May 3, 2016 · Leave a Comment Selkirk studies historic links with William Wallace – A geophysics study of the Auld Kirk Selkirk in the Scottish Borders has uncovered what appears to be the underground remains of a medieval church where William Wallace was likely to have been made Guardian of Scotland in 1297. Dr Chris Bowles, Scottish Borders Council’s archaeologist, commissioned the survey by the University of Durham in conjunction with the Selkirk Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme (CARS). Chris said: “Ruins of the Auld Kirk Selkirk date from the 18th century, but we knew this had replaced earlier churches on site from the 12th and 16th centuries. It has been widely acknowledged that this was the site of the Kirk of the Forest where Wallace was made Guardian of Scotland following his and Andrew Moray’s defeat of the English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297.

“We had been expecting the geophysics survey to uncover a 16th century church that we know to have existed and which was a replacement to the medieval church, but the only evidence in the survey is in relation to the medieval church.” The association between Wallace and the local area is quite well documented, with Wallace using guerilla tactics to fight the English from the Ettrick Forest, and the Scottish nobles made Wallace Guardian of Scotland in recognition of his military successes. Wallace went on to become the legendary figure he remains today and the basis of the film Braveheart starring Mel Gibson. Chris added: “The history of Selkirk is known to an extent, but there has been little archaeological work carried out to date. While these geophysics results suggest a medieval, possibly Norman, chapel beneath the later church, we are very restricted by the burials in the area to allow any excavation.

It may be possible to conduct limited investigations in areas where there is no evidence of burial.” Colin Gilmour, Selkirk CARS project manager, said: “There is nothing in the town currently signposting people to the Auld Kirk Selkirk site, but with this latest discovery it could become a major attraction and assist with the regeneration of the town centre. We hope to work with the community to make the most of this fascinating discovery and the tourism potential it has.” Right: Dr Chris Bowles, Scottish Borders Council archaeologist, and Colin Gilmour, Selkirk Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme Project Manager. William Wallace | People Don't Have to Be Anything Else Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia People Don't Have to Be Anything Else Wiki Share William Wallace was a Scottish knight and the primary leader of the Wars of Scottish Independence. He was made Guardian of Scotland from 1297 - 1298. He was captured and executed in 1305, but continued to have far-reaching effects on his war and his people, and was regarded as a martyred hero.

Full Name executed - hanged, drawn and quartered Education Elizabeth Wallace of Lamington Connections Wallace fought with Andrew Moray, his second-in-command during the wars. They led many battles together and joint leaders. Wallace was a colleague of Robert the Bruce, and deeply respected him. He resigned his post as Guardian of Scotland in 1298, so that Bruce could claim the title. Wallace was corresponding with Philip IV of France, and likely traveled to the French court to meet with him around 1300, to plead with the French king to help the Scottish cause. Wallace was an ally to some extent of Haakon V of Norway. He was found to be carrying letters of safe passage from Haakon when he was captured in 1305. Wallace was a colleague and supporter of John Balliol. Edward I of England was Wallace's primary enemy. Edward's men eventually captured Wallace in 1305, and he was handed over to the English king in London . Edward then commanded a gruesome execution, and for Wallace's body parts to be scattered through-out the kingdom and displayed as an example. How Added - Random people generator.

Question: Which Scottish hero was made Guardian of Scotland in 1297?
Answer: William Wallace