Gingham Gingham Gingham is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn . The name is Indonesian in origin, assimilated into Dutch. Gingham may be distinguished because it is almost always a checkered pattern. When originally imported (in the 17th century), it was a striped fabric, but from the mid 18th century, when it was being produced in the mills of Manchester, England , it had become woven into checked or plaid patterns (often blue and white). Gingham is made of carded or combed , medium or fine yarns, where the coloring is on the warp yarns and always along the grain. Gingham has no right or wrong side regarding color. Along with muslin , gingham is often used as a test fabric while designing fashion, or used for making an inexpensive fitting shell prior to making the clothing in fashion fabric. (Wikipedia) Know your Fabric - Gingham Know your Fabric - Gingham Gingham is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn. The name originates from an adjective in the Malay language, genggang, meaning striped. Some sources say that the name came into English via Dutch.

When originally imported into Europe in the 17th century it was a striped fabric, though now it is distinguished by its checkered pattern. From the mid 18th century, when it was being produced in the mills of Manchester, England, it started to be woven into checked or plaid patterns (often blue and white). Checked gingham became more common over time, though striped gingham was still available in the late Victorian period. Along with muslin, gingham is often used as a test fabric while designing fashion, or used for making an inexpensive fitting shell prior to making the clothing in fashion fabric. Gingham shirts have been worn by mods since the 1960s and continue to be identified with fans of indie and mod music with brands like Ben Sherman, Fred Perry, Penguin and Merc producing gingham shirts. Louis Fatta | Art, Design, & Technology - Pattern Recognition Pattern Recognition Aim: What are the names of some of the common patterns that fashion designers use? There are myriad patterns and woven fabric for the fashion designer to choose from. Some patterns are hundreds of years old and have been in use for centuries. Many patterns have cultural or national origins.

It is important for the fashion designer to be able to identify patterns by their names, below are several patterns along with a brief description. Get to know these patterns by name, and go to the Wikipedia site that each pattern is linked to find more information about the pattern. Task: Collect 7 patterns with 5 variations of each pattern (totaling 35 images) into a folder called Pattern Recognition in your Fatta folder on your (H:) drive. Rename the jpg, title it the name of the pattern and the color The argyle pattern is made of diamonds or lozenges. The word is sometimes used to refer to an individual diamond in the design but more commonly refers to the overall pattern. Most argyle layouts contain layers of overlapping motifs, adding a sense of three-dimensionality, movement, and texture. Typically, there is an overlay of intercrossing diagonal lines on solid diamonds. Gingham is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn. It is made of carded or combed, medium or fine yarns, where the coloring is on the warp yarns and always along the grain.

Gingham has no right or wrong side with respect to color.When originally imported into Europe in the 17th century it was a striped fabric, though now it is distinguished by its checkered pattern. The modern Border tartan is a crossweave of small dark and light checks, much plainer than the better-known Scottish tartans . Traditionally, the yarn for the light squares was simply untreated sheep's wool and the darker yarn was the same wool dyed with simple vegetable dyes, such as alder bark or water flag , or the untreated wool of a black sheep . Tartan is a pattern consisting of criss-crossed horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colors. Tartans originated in woven wool, but now they are made in many other materials. Tartan is particularly associated with Scotland. Scottish kilts almost always have tartan patterns. Tartan is often called plaid in North America. Houndstooth, hounds tooth check or hound's tooth (and similar spellings), also known as dogs tooth, dogtooth or dog's tooth, is a duotone textile pattern characterized by broken checks or abstract four-pointed shapes, often in black and white, although other colors are used.

The classic houndstooth pattern is an example of a tessellation. Houndstooth Herringbone describes a distinctive V-shaped weaving pattern usually found in twill fabric. It is distinguished from a plain chevron by the break at reversal, which makes it resemble a broken zigzag. The pattern is called herringbone because it resembles the skeleton of a herring fish.[1] Herringbone-patterned fabric is usually wool, and is one of the most popular cloths used for suits and outerwear.[2] Tweed cloth is often woven with a herringbone pattern. Paisley or Paisley pattern is a term in English for a design using the boteh, a droplet-shaped vegetable motif of Persian or Indian origin. Resembling a twisted teardrop, the kidney-shaped paisley is of Iranian and Indian origin, but its western name derives from the town of Paisley, in central Scotland, a center for textiles where paisley designs were produced. Such designs became very popular in the West in the 18th and 19th centuries, following imports of post-Mughal versions of the design from British India, especially in the form of Kashmir shawls, and were then imitated locally.

What does gingham mean? Webster Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Gingham(noun) a kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; -- distinguished from printed cotton or prints Origin: [F. guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or perh. fr. Guingamp, in France.] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Gingham Gingham is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn. Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Gingham ging′ham, n. a kind of cotton cloth, woven from coloured yarns into stripes or checks, manufactured chiefly for dresses. [Fr. guingan, acc. to Littré, a corr. of Guingamp, in Brittany.] Numerology The numerical value of gingham in Chaldean Numerology is: 4 Pythagorean Numerology CHECKERBOARD TABLECLOTHS | Checkerboard tablecloths. Williamsburg placemats.

Checkerboard tablecloths. Williamsburg placemats. Checkerboard Tablecloths checkerboard A board for playing checkers and certain other games, with a regular pattern of squares in alternating colors, typically black and white A pattern resembling such a board Founded in 1928, The Pacer is the name of the student newspaper of the University of Tennessee at Martin. The Office of Student Publications at UT Martin publishes The Pacer every Tuesday morning throughout the semester except for holidays and exam periods. a board having 64 squares of two alternating colors A checkerboard is a board on which English draughts is played. It is an 8&times;8 board and the 64 squares are of alternating dark and light color, often red and black. tablecloths (tablecloth) a covering spread over a dining table A cloth spread over a table, esp. during meals A tablecloth is a cloth used to cover a table. Typically tablecloths are made of cotton or other natural fibres, or fabrics made from man made or synthetic fibres. Some are designed to be easy to wipe clean, often using PVC coated materials. SEEMS LIKE AUGUST PICNICS AND GINGHAM TABLECLOTHS TO ME!

GEORGE BOUGHT THE POLISH, TOOK THE PHOTO, THEN HE USED THE LEMON JUICE ON HIS FISH GINGHAM is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn. The name is Indonesian in origin, assimilated into Dutch. Gingham may be distinguished because it is almost always a checkered pattern. When originally imported (in the 17th century), it was a striped fabric, but from the mid 18th century, when it was being produced in the mills of Manchester, England, it had become woven into checked or plaid patterns (often blue and white) (or red and white for picnic tablecloths!). Fruit Pillow Staple Tattersall Tattersall describes a check or plaid pattern woven into cloth. The pattern is composed of regularly-spaced thin, even vertical warpstripes, repeated horizontally in the weft, thereby forming squares. The stripes are usually in two alternating colours, generally darker on a light ground. The cloth pattern takes its name fromTattersall’s horse market, which was started in London in 1766.

During the 1700s at Tattersall’s horse market blankets with this checked pattern were sold for use on horses. Today tattersall is a common pattern, often woven in cotton, particularly in flannel, used for shirts or waistcoats. Traditional shirts of this cloth are often used by horseback riders in formal riding attire, and adorned with a stock tie. Gingham Gingham is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn. It is made of carded orcombed, medium or fine yarns, where the colouring is on the warp yarns and always along the grain (weft). Gingham has no right or wrong side with respect to colour. Broadcloth Broadcloth is a dense, plain weave woollen cloth. The defining characteristic of Broadcloth is not its finished width, but the fact that it was woven much wider (typically 50 - 75% wider than its finished width) and then heavily milled (traditionally the cloth was worked by heavy wooden trip hammers in hot soapy water in order to shrink it) in order to reduce it to the required width.

The effect of the milling process is to draw the yarns much closer together than could be achieved in the loom and allow the individual fibres of the wool to bind together in a felting process. This results in a dense, blind, face cloth with a stiff drape which is highly weatherproof, hard wearing and capable of taking a cut edge without the need for being hemmed. It was made in several parts of England at the end of the medieval period. The raw material was short staple wool, carded and spun intoyarn and then woven on a broad loom to produce cloth 1.75 yards wide. It was then fulled, usually in a fulling mill. When fulled, the fibres of the cloth would felt together, resulting in a smooth surface. Twill Twill is a type of textile weave with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs (in contrast with a satin and plain weave). This is done by passing the weft thread over one or more warp threads and then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a “step” or offset between rows to create the characteristic diagonal pattern. Because of this structure, twills generally drape well.

Examples of twill fabric are chino,denim, drill, gabardine, serge, and tweed. Dobby Dobby is a woven fabric produced on the dobby loom, characterised by small geometric patterns and extra texture in the cloth. The warp and weft threads may be the same colour or different. Satin threads are particularly effective in this kind of weave as their texture will highlight the pattern. Polo shirts are usually made with dobby. Piqué fabrics are a type of dobby construction. Piqué Piqué, or marcella, refers to a weaving style, normally used with cotton yarn, which is characterized by raised parallel cords or fine ribbing. Twilled cotton and corded cotton are close relatives. The weave is closely associated with white tie, and some accounts even say the fabric was invented specifically for this use. It holds more starch than plain fabric, so produces a stiffer shirt front. Marcella shirts then replaced earlier plain fronts, which remain a valid alternative. Marcella’s use then spread to other parts of the dress code and it is now the most common fabric used in the tie and waistcoat of white tie. A knit fabric with a similar texture is used in polo shirts.

Marcella weaving was developed by the Lancashire cotton industry in the late 18th century as a mechanised technique of weaving double cloth with an enclosed heavy cording weft. It was originally used to make imitations of the cordedProvençal quilts made in Marseille, the manufacture of which became an important industry for Lancashire from the late 18th to the early 20th century. The term “marcella” is one of a number of variations on the word “Marseille”. Piqué fabrics are a type of dobby construction. Piqués may be constructed in various patterns such as cord, waffle, honeycomb and birdseye piqués. These fabrics require the addition of extra yarns, called stuffer yarns. These stuffer yarns are incorporated into the back of the fabric to give texture and added depth to the fabric design. Some piqués may be made using the Jacquard attachment on the loom. Although made of 100% cotton today, cotton-silk blends and even pure silk versions were made in the past and in a variety of weaves.

Thread Count Thread count or threads per inch (TPI) is a measure of the coarseness or fineness of fabric. It is measured by counting the number of threads contained in one square inch of fabric or one square centimeter, including both the length (warp) and width (weft) threads. The thread count is the number of threads counted along two sides (up and across) of the square inch, added together. It is used especially in regard to cotton linens such as bed sheets, and has been known to be used in the classification of towels. Thread count is often used as a measure of fabric quality, so that “standard” cotton thread counts are around 150 while good-quality sheets start at 180 and a count of 200 or higher is considered percale. Some, but not all, of the extremely high thread counts (typically over 500) tend to be misleading as they usually count the individual threads in “plied” yarns (a yarn that is made by twisting together multiple finer threads).

For marketing purposes, a fabric with 250 two-ply yarns in both the vertical and horizontal direction could have the component threads counted to a 1000 thread count although “according to the National Textile Association (NTA), which cites the international standards group ASTM, accepted industry practice is to count each thread as one, even threads spun as two- or three-ply yarn. The Federal Trade Commission in an August 2005 letter to NTA agreed that consumers “could be deceived or misled” by inflated thread counts. In 2002, ASTM proposed a definition for “thread count” that has been called “the industry’s first formal definition for thread count”. A minority on the ASTM committee argued for the higher yarn count number obtained by counting each single yarn in a plied yarn and cited as authority the provision relating to woven fabric in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, which states each ply should be counted as one using the “average yarn number.” Interfacing Interfacing is a textile used on the unseen or “wrong” side of fabrics to make an area of a garment more rigid.

Interfacings can be used to: stiffen or add body to fabric, such as the interfacing used in shirt collars strengthen a certain area of the fabric, for instance where buttonholes will be sewn keep fabrics from stretching out of shape, particularly knit fabrics Interfacings come in a variety of weights and stiffnesses to suit different purposes. They are also available in different colours,although typically interfacing is white. Generally, the heavier weight a fabric is, the heavier weight an interfacing it will use. Interfacing is sold at fabric stores by the yard or metre from bolts, similar to cutting fabric. Sewing patterns specify if interfacing is needed, the weight of interfacing that is required, and the amount. Some patterns use the same fabric as the garment to create an interfacing, as with sheer fabrics. Linen Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is labor-intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather.

Percale The term describes the weave of the fabric, not its content, so percale could be a blend of 50% cotton and 50% polyester, 100% cotton, or a blend of other fabrics in any ratio. A percale weave has a thread count of about 200 or higher, and is noticeably tighter than the standard type of weave used for bed-sheets. It has medium weight, is firm and smooth with no gloss, and warps and washes very well. It is made from both carded and combed yarns. Percale fabrics are made in both solid colors and printed patterns. The finish of the fabric is independent of its weave, so it can be either printed or unprinted. Selvage The selvage (US English) or selvedge (British English) is the term for the self-finished edges of fabric. The selvages keep the fabric from unraveling or fraying. The selvages are a result of how the fabric is created. In woven fabric, selvages are the edges that run parallel to the warp (the longitudinal threads that run the entire length of the fabric), and are created by the weft thread looping back at the end of each row.

In knitted fabrics, selvages are the unfinished yet structurally sound edges that were neither cast on nor bound off.Historically, the term selvage applied only to loom woven fabric, though now can be applied to flat-knitted fabric. The terms selvage and selvedge are a corruption of “self-edge”, and have been in use since the 16th century. Staple Staple length, a property of staple fibres, is a term referring to the average length of a group of fibres of any composition. Staple length depends on the origin of the fibres. natural fibres (such as cotton or wool) have a range of lengths in each sample, so the staple length is an average. For synthetic fibres which have been cut to certain length, the staple length is the same for every fibre in the group. Staple length is an important criterion for spinning fibre, as shorter fibres are more difficult to spin than longer ones, the former also resulting in more hairy yarns. Fabric Dictionary | Fashion Fabrics Get insider information about our sales and special events. Sign up today!

Fabric Dictionary Acetate Purified cellulose from wood pulp or cotton linters mixed with glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride and a catalyst. Aged 20 hours (partial hydrolysis occurs). Precipitated as acid-resin flakes; flakes dissolved in acetone. Solution is filtered. Spinning solution extruded in column of warm air. Solvent recovered. Filaments are stretched and wound onto beams, cones or bobbins and are ready for use. Can be used for items such as blouses, dresses, upholstery, diapers and cigarette filters. Resistant to mold, mildew, shrinking and stretching. Can usually be washed or dry-cleaned. Acrylic A synthetic polymer fiber that is supple, comfortable and similar to wool. It is lightweight and dries quickly; very sensitive to heat. Alpaca A lustrous and silky natural fiber. While similar to sheep’s wool, it is warmer, not prickly and hypoallergenic. Its glossiness makes it somewhat similar to hair; it is used to make items like coats and blankets. Appliqué A decorative technique in which a smaller ornament or device is applied to another surface.

A separate piece of décor added to the primary piece in order to add magnitude and consistency to a fabric. Bark Cloth (or Barkcloth) A soft, thick, slightly textured fabric so named because it has a rough surface like that of a tree bark. It is usually made of densely woven cotton fibers. Historically, the fabric has been used in home furnishings, such as curtains, drapery, upholstery and slipcovers. It is often associated with 1950s and 1960s home fashions. Batik An Indonesian fabric-dyeing technique in which wax is applied to cloth before being dipped in dye. It is common for people to use a mixture of beeswax and paraffin wax. The beeswax will hold to the fabric and the paraffin wax will allow cracking, which is a characteristic of batik. Indonesian batik used for clothing normally has an intricate pattern. Batiste A balanced, plain weave that is the softest of the lightweight opaque fabrics. It is made of cotton, wool, polyester or a blend. Lightweight opaque fabrics are very thin and light but not as transparent as sheer fabrics. The distinction between the two is not always pronounced.

End uses include apparel (such as lingerie and dresses) and furnishings. Batting A layer of insulation used in quilting between a top layer of patchwork and a bottom layer of backing material. It is usually made of cotton, polyester and/or wool. Bengaline A fabric with a crosswise, ribbed effect that once was made of silk, wool or synthetic fibers. It is now usually made from acetate and polyester. It is similar in nature to faille but generally heavier. Boiled Wool A special type of fabric primarily used in berets, scarves, vests, cardigans, coats, jackets and even stuffed animals. It is created using a mechanical knitting process which involves a set pattern that is then shrunk. Boucle A fabric made of yarn with a length of loops of similar size which can range from tiny circlets to large curls. These loops produce a cross-grained, knobby appearance on woven or knitted fabrics. Broadcloth A dense, woolen cloth. Modern broadcloth can be composed of cotton, silk or polyester, but traditionally, broadcloth was made solely of wool. The dense weave lends sturdiness to the material; it is often used to make quilts or skirts.

Brocade A class of richly decorative, shuttle-woven fabrics, often made in colored silks (rayon, nylon, cotton and satin can also be used) and with or without gold and silver threads. Commonly used for draperies, upholstery and handbags. Burlap A coarse woven fabric usually made from jute fibers and allied vegetable fibers. It is often used to make sacks and bags to ship goods like coffee beans. It is breathable and thus resists condensation and associated spoilage of the contents. Due to its coarse texture, it is not commonly used in modern apparel, but it can be used to make things like draperies and other decorative items. Burn-out Velvet Conceived from two different fibers, the velvet is extracted with chemicals in a pattern, leaving the backing fabric sound. Used for more unconstructed and loose-fitting garments. Calico A plain-woven cotton textile, often used to make quilts. The fabric is less coarse and thick than canvas or denim, and almost always machine washable. Cambric A lightweight cotton cloth used as fabric for lace and needlework. It is firm and closely woven and treated to product glossiness on one side.

Camel's Hair The soft, fine natural fiber attained from the underhair of the camel. Used for Oriental rugs, painter’s brushes and coats. Canvas An extremely heavy-duty, plain-woven fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, backpacks and other items where sturdiness is required. It is also popularly used as a painting surface, typically stretched, and on fashion handbags and shoes. It is an important part of the trampoline, providing the surface that users bounce on for recreational and competitive purposes. Cashmere A fiber obtained from the Cashmere goat. It is fine in texture and it is also strong, light and soft; when it is made into garments, they are extremely warm to wear, much warmer than the equivalent weight in sheep’s wool. Challis A type of plain-weave fabric, usually made from cotton, wool or rayon, often printed with a design, often floral. Used to make dresses, skirts and other articles of clothing. Chambray A fine, lightweight fabric that is woven with white threads across a colored warp. It tends to have a frosted appearance. Heavier chambrays are typically used for work clothes, while lighter chambrays are used for dresses and children’s clothing.

Charmeuse A lightweight fabric woven with a satin weave, where the warp threads cross over three or more of the backing (weft) threads. The front side of the fabric has a satin finish - lustrous and reflective - whereas the back has a dull finish. It can be made of silk, or a synthetic lookalike such as polyester. It differs from plain satin in that charmeuse is softer and lighter in weight. The luster and delicate hand make charmeuse suited to lingerie, flowing evening gowns and draped blouses. Bridal gowns sometimes use charmeuse, however, the fabric does not hold a shape well, so it is not used for full, flared skirts; the charmeuse tends to cling and hang against the body. It is best suited to a more fluid, slinky cut, and is too fragile and flimsy for more tailored clothing. It is not used in menswear, with the exception of underwear, such as charmeuse boxer shorts. Chenille It is made by wrapping short lengths of fabric, called “piles,” around a tightly wound core of yarn.

The edges of these piles then stand at right angles from the yarn’s core, giving chenille both its softness and its characteristic look. Chenille can appear iridescent without actually using iridescent fibers. The yarn is commonly manufactured from cotton, but can also be made using acrylic, rayon and olefin. It should be dry-cleaned only. Chiffon A lightweight, balanced, plain-woven, sheer fabric woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns. The twist in the crepe yarns puckers the fabric slightly in both directions after weaving, giving it some stretch and a slightly rough feel. Chiffon can be made from cotton, silk or synthetic fibers, but is usually associated with silk or nylon. Chiffon can be dyed to almost any shade desired, however, if made from polyester, it is difficult to dye. Chiffon is most commonly used in evening wear, especially as an overlay, giving an elegant and floating appearance to the gown. It is also a popular fabric used in blouses, ribbons, scarves and lingerie. Like other crepe fabrics, chiffon can be difficult to work with because of its light and slippery textures.

It should only be hand-washed. Corduroy A textile composed of twisted fibers that, when woven, lie parallel (similar to twill) to one another to form the cloth’s distinct “cord” pattern. Modern corduroy is most commonly composed of tufted cords, sometimes exhibiting a channel (bare to the base fabric) between the tufts. Corduroy is, in essence, a ridged form of velvet. Cotton A soft, staple fiber that grows in a form known as a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant. The fiber most often is spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile, which is the most widely used natural-fiber cloth in clothing today. It is of medium strength and dyes well. Crepe A silk fabric of a gauzy texture, having a peculiar crisp or crimpy appearance. It is woven of hard-spun silk yarn in the gum or natural condition. There are two distinct varieties of the textile: soft, Canton or Oriental crape, and hard or crisped crepe. It can be used to create clothing such as blouses, suits and dresses.

Polyester crepe is machine-washable, while rayon and silk crepes need to be dry-cleaned. Crepe de Chine Crepe de Chine is thinner and comes in three different weights: two-ply, used for lingerie and blouses; three-ply, used for dresses, fuller pants and dresses; and four-ply, the nicest of the three, used for coats and trousers. Crewel A decorative form of surface embroidery using wool and a variety of different embroidery stitches to follow a design outline applied to the fabric. Usually it involves hand embroidery in which fine yarn is stitched on cotton cloth. Imperfections are prevalent in this technique and are characteristic of genuine crewel. Damask A figured fabric of silk, wool, linen, cotton or synthetic fibers, with a pattern formed by weaving. Made with one warp and one weft in which, generally, warp satin and weft sateen weaves interchange. Twill or other binding weaves are sometimes integrated. Damask weaves in linen, cotton, synthetic or blended fibers are currently most commonly found in table linens.

The highlights in these cloths are obtained by long floats of warp and weft, and as these are set at right angles, they reflect the light differently according to the angle of the rays of light; the effect changes also with the position of the observer. Subdued effects are produced by shorter floats of yarn and sometimes by special weaves. Denim A rugged, cotton twill textile, in which the weft passes under two or more warp fibers. This produces the familiar diagonal ribbing identifiable on the reverse of the fabric. It is typically used for jeans and jackets, but can be combined with Lyra to add stretch. Doeskin A firm, woolen cloth with a smooth, velvety surface often used for menswear; also, a densely napped finish for particular wool fabrics, such as flannel. Duck Cloth A heavy, plain-woven cotton fabric. It is used in a wide range of applications, from sneakers and over tents, to sandbags. There is also linen duck, which is less frequently used. Dupioni Silk Produced from two silkworms that spin a cocoon together, thus making a strong double-thread silk.

It has an advantage over some other types of silks because it usually resists wrinkles, which assists in the usability of the finished fabric. It works well for flowing jackets, blouses, skirts, dresses and bridal gowns. For home decorating, it can be used as drapery panels or other types of window treatments, table runners and cloths, doilies for accent on tables and sofa backs and arms. Embroidery The art or handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with designs stitched in strands of thread or yarn using a needle. Embroidery may also use other materials such as metal strips, pearls, beads, quills and sequins. Sewing machines can be used to create machine embroidery. Eyelet A lightweight fabric perforated by small holes finished with stitching or embroidery around the edges to prevent unraveling, usually created in flowerlike designs. Faille A glossy, ribbed, woven fabric of silk, rayon, cotton or polyester; it is soft and lightweight. Felt A nonwoven cloth that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing fibers. While some types of felt are very soft, some are tough enough to form construction materials. Felt can be of any color and made into any shape or size.

Flannel A soft, woven fabric of varying fineness. It usually doesn’t have a nap, and instead, gains its softness through the loosely spun yarn it is woven from. It is commonly used to make clothing, bedsheets and sleepwear. Fleece A soft, bulky fabric with deep pile. It is lightweight, dries quickly and is able to insulate even when wet. Polar fleece is usually made from 100% polyester and is machine-washable. Fur A body hair of any nonhuman mammal, also known as the pelage. It may consist of short ground hair, long guard hair and, in some cases, medium awn hair. Some commercially sold fur, however, is artificial and produced from synthetic materials. Gabardine A tough, tightly woven fabric used to make suits, overcoats, trousers and other garments. The fiber used to make the fabric is traditionally worsted wool, but may also be cotton, synthetic or mixed. The fabric is smooth on one side and has a diagonally ribbed surface on the other. It is a form of twill weave. Gauze A thin, translucent fabric with a loose, open weave that is usually made of cotton or silk.

It is used to make apparel such as blouses and dresses, home décor items such as curtains, or even medical bandages. Georgette A sheer, strong silk or polyester clothing fabric with a dull, crinkled, crepe-like surface. It is typically used to make apparel such as blouses or flowing dresses. Gingham A fabric made from dyed cotton yarn that forms a checkered pattern with white yarns. Grosgrain A closely woven fabric which has fine, horizontal ribs. It is generally made of silk or rayon, although cheaper alternatives are available in synthetic fabrics such as polyester, and is always black. It is a popular material for decorative ribbons. Habutai One of the most basic plain weaves, it is normally a lining silk, but can also be used for T-shirts, lampshades, summer blouses or very light lingerie. It is very lightweight and easy to dye. Herringbone A distinctive V-shaped weaving pattern usually found in twill fabric. The pattern is named so because it looks like the skeleton of a herring fish. Herringbone-patterned fabric is usually wool, and is often used for suits and outerwear. Tweed cloth is often woven with a herringbone pattern.

Houndstooth A duotone textile pattern characterized by broken checks or abstract four-pointed shapes. The traditional colors are black and white, although sometimes different colors are substituted for black. Interlock Knit Sometimes known as T-shirt knit, it usually has a stretch across the grain. It is most commonly used for lightweight pants, skirts and tops. Jacquard A mechanical loom invented by Joseph Jacquard that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with complex patterns such as brocade, damask and matelasse. It is usually applied to silk, rayon and polyester. The product is an intricately woven, shiny fabric with an interwoven, textured and dimensional design. Jersey Fabric A somewhat elastic, machine-knit dress fabric. Most commonly made of wool or cotton, but can also be made from rayon or synthetic fibers. Khaki A sturdy, twilled fabric that is usually made from cotton, worsted or linen yarns, wool or synthetic fiber blends. Lace An openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often, open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric.

Lame A type of fabric, woven or knit, with thin ribbons of metallic yarns. It is usually gold or silver in color. It is subject to seam or yarn slippage, making it not ideal for garments with frequent usage. It is often used in evening and dress wear, and also in theatrical dance costumes. Lawn Lawn cloth or lawn is a plain weave textile, originally of linen but now chiefly cotton. Lawn is designed using fine, high count yarns, which results in a silky, untextured feel. The fabric is made using either combed or carded yarns. When lawn is made using combed yarns, with a soft feel and slight luster, it is known as "nainsook". The term lawn is also used in the textile industry to refer to a type of starched crisp finish given to a cloth product. The finish can be applied to a variety of fine fabrics, prints or plain. Linen A textile made from the fibers of the flax plant. It is labor-intensive to make, but its garments are valued for exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather. It is also very absorbent, but wrinkles easily unless blended with manufactured fibers.

Loden A water-resistant material for clothing made from sheep's wool and used in heavy coatings. Melton A heavyweight, thickset, compact and tightly woven wool or wool-blend fabric, most commonly used for coats. Microfibers A lightweight, synthetic fiber (usually of acrylic, nylon, polyester or rayon) that be can woven into fabrics with a soft, suede-like finish. It is water-repellant, wrinkle-resistant and easy to care for. It is machine-washable. Mohair A silk-like fabric or yarn made from the hair of the Angora goat. It is notable for its durability, resiliency and high luster. Moiré A fabric finish with a wavy, watered appearance, caused by varying the tension in the warp and weft of the weave. It is often used in dress and decorative fabrics. The finish can be applied to acetate, rayon, cotton and other types of fabric; it should only be dry-cleaned. Moleskin A heavy cotton fabric that is woven and then sheared to create a short, soft pile on one side. Moleskin clothing is notable for its softness and durability. Some variants of the cloth are so densely woven that they are windproof.

Muslin A finely woven cotton fabric that is most typically unbleached or white cloth, produced from corded cotton yarn. It is often used to make dresses or curtains, but may also be used to complement foam or bench padding. It is a very breathable fabric and is a good choice for hot-weather clothing. Novelty Novelty fabrics are primarily made of 100% cotton and tend to have decorative designs. They are often used to make quilts, curtains and garments. Nylon A strong, elastic synthetic material that is stain-resistant and water-resistant. It is flexible, easily retains color and is also resistant to moths and mildew. Organdy A balanced, plain weave that is sheer, crisp, stiff and prone to wrinkling. It comes in three types of finishes, one commonly used finish is “Stiff,” but “Semi-stiff” and “Soft” finishes are also available. The latter two finishes are more popular for summer wear and draping apparels, whereas the first one is more popular for loose-fitting apparels, curtains or other home textiles. It can be made of silk, rayon, nylon or polyester.

Organza A thin, plain-weave, sheer fabric is traditionally made from silk, the continuous filament of silkworms. Nowadays, though many organzas are woven with synthetic filament fibers such as polyester or nylon, the most luxurious organzas are still woven in silk. Osnaburg A coarse type of plain-textile fabric. Originally made from flax yarns, it has been made from either flax, tow or jute yarns, sometimes flax or tow warp with mixed or jute weft, and often entirely of jute. It can be used for mattress ticking, slipcovers, work wear, apparel or even less expensive drapery or upholstery. Paisley A droplet-shaped vegetable motif of Persian and Indian origin, similar to half of the yin and yang symbol. The name comes from Paisley, Scotland, which was one of the primary makers of paisley in the 18th century. Resembling a large comma or twisted teardrop, the kidney-shaped paisley is usually decorated with involved designs and is commonly found on drapery and quilts. Panne Velvet A lightweight, glossy, velvet fabric in which the pile has been flattened in a single direction.

Panne velvet has a nice stretch across the grain and is used for apparel such as tops and dresses. Percale A tightly woven, plain-weave, cotton sheeting is made from carded and combed yarns. The high thread count of percale gives it a comfortable, satiny feel. Pique A mediumweight, cotton-blend fabric which is characterized by raised parallel cords or fine ribbing that resembles a check. It is used to make vests, coats, the collars of polo shirts, fitted blouses and children’s clothes. Plaid Cloth made with alternating stripes and bands of color woven into or dyed onto the fabric. This makes blocks of color that repeat vertically and horizontally in a pattern of squares and lines. Plisse A textile finish characterized by a puckered or creased effect, produced by chemical treatment that shrinks part of the fabric. It can be made of acetate, cotton or rayon and often has a striped or spotted design. Poplin A closely woven, mediumweight fabric with somewhat of a ribbed effect. The ribs run across the fabric from selvage to selvage. Poplins are used for dress purposes and for rich upholstery work. They are formed by using coarse filling yarns in a plain weave.

Shirts made from this material are easy to iron and do not wrinkle easily. Quilting Fabric Usually either novelty or calico fabric and 100% cotton. Railroaded Refers to the orientation of the pattern on the fabric that usually describes a vertical, sideways or horizontal stripe pattern. Rayon A manufactured, regenerated cellulosic fiber. It is produced from naturally occurring polymers, so it is neither a truly synthetic fiber nor a natural fiber; it is a semi-synthetic fiber that usually has a high-luster quality, giving it a bright shine. Some major rayon fiber uses include apparel (e.g. blouses, dresses, jackets, lingerie, linings, scarves, suits, ties, hats, socks), furnishings (e.g. bedspreads, blankets, window treatments, upholstery, slipcovers), industrial uses (e.g. medical surgery products, nonwoven products, tire cord) and other uses (e.g. yarn, feminine hygiene products, diapers). Rib Knit Refers to a pattern in which vertical stripes of stockinette stitch alternate with vertical stripes of reverse stockinette stitch. These two types of stripes may be separated by other stripes in which knit and purl stitches alternate vertically.

A 1x1 rib has one rib up and one down. A 2x1 rib has two ribs up and one down, similar to a Poor Boy Knit. Rip-stop Nylon A lightweight, nylon fabric that is woven with coarse, strong warp and filling yarns spaced at intervals so that tears will not spread. It is produced in a range of weights and textures, waterproof, water resistant, fire resistant, zero porosity (will not allow air or water through), lightweight, mediumweight and heavyweight. Textures range from soft and silk-like to crisp or stiff that sounds like a paper bag when they are moved. Rip-stop nylon is often used in yachts for sails and spinnakers, hot air balloons, kites, parachutes, camping equipment, such as lightweight tents and sleeping bags, flags, banners and many other applications which require a strong lightweight fabric. Rip-stop reinforcement can also be incorporated into heavier fabrics which require extreme durability, such as those used in the manufacture of luggage and Nomex-protective clothing for riot police. Satin A cloth that typically has a glossy surface and a dull back. It is a warp-dominated weaving technique that forms a minimum number of interlacings in a fabric.

If a fabric is formed with a satin weave using filament fibers such as silk, nylon or polyester, the corresponding fabric is termed a “satin.” If the yarns used are short-staple yarns, such as cotton, the fabric formed is considered a sateen. A satin-woven fabric tends to have a high luster due to the high number of “floats” on the fabric. Floats are “missed” interlacings, where the warp yarn lies on top of the weft yarn, or vice versa. The floats tend to make the fabric look glossier, as well as give it a smoother “hand” in most cases. Seersucker A thin, all-cotton fabric, commonly striped, used to make clothing for spring and summer wear, usually suits, slacks and children’s clothing. Sequins Disk-shaped beads used for decorative purposes. They are available in a wide variety of colors and geometrical shapes. Sequins are commonly used on clothing, jewelry, bags and other accessories to add interest. Shantung A mediumweight, plain-weave fabric with an unevenly ribbed surface and a plain texture.

It is usually used for dresses and suits, and is similar to Dupioni silk, except with a more refined appearance. Sheeting A sturdy, plain-woven cloth usually made of cotton that can be found in mediumweights or heavyweights, suitable for forming into bedsheets. Silk A natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. Silk is smooth, glossy and beautiful. It is also strong and vulnerable to fading and stains. Slinky Knit A fabric with four-way stretch for ideal comfort. It drapes well, washes easily and is not vulnerable to wrinkling. Spandex A synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity, strength, durability and resistance to water and oils. It is stronger and more durable than rubber, its major nonsynthetic competitor. Suede A type of leather with a napped finish. However, it can also refer to a similar napped or brushed finish on many kinds of fabrics. Suede leather is made from the underside of the skin, primarily lamb, although goat, pig, calf and deer are commonly used. Its softness, thinness and pliability make it suitable for clothing and delicate uses. Suede was originally used for women’s gloves.

Due to its textured nature and open pores, suede may become dirty and absorb liquids quickly. Taffeta A crisp, smooth-woven fabric made from silk or synthetic fibers. It is considered to be a “high-end” fabric, suitable for use in ball gowns, wedding dresses and in interiors for curtains or wallcoverings. There are two distinct types of silk taffeta: yarn-dyed and piece-dyed. Piece-dyed taffeta is often used in linings and is quite soft. Yarn-dyed taffeta is much stiffer and is often used in evening dresses. Tapestry A form of textile art. It is woven by hand on a vertical loom. It is weft-faced weaving, in which all the warp threads are hidden in the completed work, unlike cloth weaving where both the warp and the weft threads may be visible. In this way, a colorful pattern or image is created. Most weavers use a naturally based warp thread, such as linen or cotton. The weft threads are usually wool or cotton, but may include silk, gold, silver or other alternatives. Tencel Also known as Lyocell, it is a fiber made from wood pulp cellulose.

It is most commonly a mediumweight fabric, and is appropriate for the production of pants, coats and skirts. Terry Cloth A fabric with loops that can absorb large amounts of water used for home décor, summer apparel, towels, robes or bedlinens. It is easy to wash and does not require ironing. Ticking A sturdy, closely woven linen or cotton fabric used in upholstery and as a covering for a mattress or pillow. Toile A version of a garment made by a fashion designer or dressmaker to test a pattern, or a single-color design that looks like pen and ink drawings. Most depict allegorical or pastoral scenes, but some may just be of flowers, etc. Tricot A plain, warp-knit fabric that can be created with an array of fibers and fiber blends. It is not unusual for various types of tricot to be manufactured with the use of cotton, wool, silk, rayon or nylon, or any combination of fibers. Because the pattern for tricot fabric is a close-knit design with fibers running lengthwise while employing an interlooped yarn pattern, the texture of tricot is a little different from some other types of material.

One side will feature fine ribs running in a lengthwise pattern, while the other side will feature ribs that run in a crosswise direction. The finished look of tricot is that of a sturdy, yet soft, material that can be ideal for a number of applications such as the lining for luggage or jewelry boxes. Tulle and Netting A lightweight, very fine netting, which is often starched. It can be made of various fibers, including silk, nylon and rayon. Tulle is most commonly used for veils, gowns (particularly wedding gowns) and ballet tutus. Tweed A rough, unfinished, woolen fabric, of a soft, open, flexible texture that resembles cheviot or homespun, but more closely woven. It is made in either plain or twill weave and may have a check or herringbone pattern. Subdued, interesting color effects (heather mixtures) are obtained by twisting together differently colored woolen strands into a two- or three-ply yarn. Tweeds are desirable for informal outerwear, being moisture-resistant and very durable. Twill A type of fabric woven with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs.

It is made by passing the weft thread over one or more warp threads and then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a “step” or offset between rows to create the characteristic diagonal pattern. Because of this structure, twills generally drape well. Examples of twill fabric are chino, drill, denim, gabardine, tweed and serge. Ultra-Suede A synthetic fabric that feels like natural suede but it is resistant to stains and discoloration; it can be washed in a washing machine. It is a woven fabric, but resists pulling or fraying because it is combined with a polyurethane foam in a nonwoven structure. The fabric is multifunctional: it is used in fashion, interior decorating, automotive and other vehicle upholstery, and industrial applications, such as protective fabric for electronic equipment. It is also a very popular fabric in the manufacture of footbags (also known as hacky sacks). Up-The-Roll The most prevalent horizontal orientation of fabric patterns; it includes horizontal, right-side-up or vertically running stripes. Velour A knit fabric, allowing it to stretch. It combines the stretchy properties of knits, such as spandex, with the rich appearance and feel of velvet.

It is used in dancewear for the ease of movement it affords, and is also popular for warm, colorful, casual clothing. When used as an upholstery, velour often is substituted for velvet. Plush velour seats are an option on many luxury vehicles. Velour is also widely used in the manufacture of theater drapes and stage curtains. Velvet A type of tufted fabric in which the cut threads are very evenly distributed, with a short dense pile, giving it a distinct feel. Velvet can be made from many different kinds of fibers, however, it is ideally made from silk. It is woven on a special loom that weaves two pieces of velvet at the same time; it is difficult to clean and usually has to be dry-cleaned. Velveteen A cotton cloth made in imitation of velvet. The term is sometimes applied to a mixture of silk and cotton. Some velveteens are a kind of fustian, having a rib of velvet pile alternating with a plain depression. It is lightweight and does not have the sheen and drape of velvet. It is not appropriate for upholstery, but can be used to make skirts, tops and fuller pants.

Vinyl (Naugahyde) A durable, leather-like, synthetic material made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It will endure many conditions and therefore is a preferred upholstery fabric for boat cushions, car interiors and porch furniture. Viscose The most prevalent type of refined rayon, it usually has a silky feel and drapes well. It is used for linings of high-quality garments and is absorbent. Voile A lightweight, woven fabric, generally made of 100% cotton or cotton blends, including linen or polyester. Often used to make curtains, blouses and dresses. Wool The fiber derived from the specialized skin cells of sheep, goats, llamas or other mammals. It is crimped, elastic and naturally stain-resistant and wrinkle-resistant. It is very absorbent and comes in many forms, including: crepe, challis, gabardine, merino, melton, jersey and worsted wool suitings. Woolen Fabrics Complements worsted fabrics, the fibers of woolen fabrics are intentionally tangled to create a tufted surface yarn and fabric. Fabrics produced from woolen yarn are usually thick and fuzzy.

Worsted Fabrics Usually made with wool, the fibers of worsted fabric are maintained parallel before spinning, which makes tightly twisted yarns. Worsted fabric has a hard, smooth surface; an example of worsted fabric is gabardine.

Question: What is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric, the name Indonesian in origin, that is made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn?
Answer: Gingham