Dogie - definition of dogie by The Free Dictionary Dogie - definition of dogie by The Free Dictionary also do·gy (dō′gē) n. pl. do·gies Western US A stray or motherless calf. [Origin unknown.] Word History: In the language of the American West, a stray or motherless calf is known as a dogie. The origin of this word remains uncertain, but Ramon F. Adams, the author of numerous works on western Americana and a cowboy himself, offered one possible etymology for dogie in his book Western Words. During the 1880s, when a series of harsh winters left large numbers of orphaned calves, the little calves, weaned too early, were unable to digest coarse range grass, and their swollen bellies "very much resembled a batch of sourdough carried in a sack." Such a calf was referred to as dough-guts. The term, altered to dogie according to Adams, "has been used ever since throughout cattleland to refer to a pot-gutted orphan calf." Another possibility is that dogie is an alteration of Spanish dogal, "lariat." Still another is that it is simply a variant pronunciation of doggie.

dogie Dogie | Define Dogie at Dictionary.com dogie a motherless calf in a cattle herd. Origin of dogie 1885-90, Americanism; origin obscure; alleged to be doughg(uts) + -ie Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for dogie Expand Historical Examples Riding for a dogie outfit was a hard life, but one could always get a laugh out of it somehow. The Fighting Edge William MacLeod Raine British Dictionary definitions for dogie Expand (Western US & Canadian) a motherless calf Word Origin C19: from dough-guts, because they were fed on flour and water paste Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for dogie Expand "motherless calf in a herd," 1887, cowboy slang, of uncertain origin.

Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Slang definitions & phrases for dogie Expand noun A motherless calf in a herd; bum1 (1888+ Cowboys) The Dictionary of American Slang, Fourth Edition by Barbara Ann Kipfer, PhD. and Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D. Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers. maverick - WordReference.com Dictionary of English maverick WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2017 mav•er•ick /ˈmævərɪk, ˈmævrɪk/USA pronunciation n. [ countable ] Dialect Termsan animal that has been branded, esp. a motherless calf. one who thinks and acts independently:a political maverick against business as usual. adj. [before a noun] of or relating to such a person:a maverick politician. WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2017 mav•er•ick (mav′ər ik, mav′rik),USA pronunciation n.

Dialect Terms[Southwestern U.S.]an unbranded calf, cow, or steer, esp. an unbranded calf that is separated from its mother. a lone dissenter, as an intellectual, an artist, or a politician, who takes an independent stand apart from his or her associates. Military(cap.) an electro-optically guided U.S. air-to-ground tactical missile for destroying tanks and other hardened targets at ranges up to 15 mi. (24 km). after Samuel A. Maverick (1803–70), Texas pioneer who left his calves unbranded 1865–70, American. 2.See corresponding entry in Unabridged nonconformist, independent, loner. Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: maverick /ˈmævərɪk/ n (in US and Canadian cattle-raising regions) an unbranded animal, esp a stray calf a person of independent or unorthodox views (as modifier): a maverick politician Etymology: 19th Century: after Samuel A.

Maverick (1803–70), Texas rancher, who did not brand his cattle 'maverick' also found in these entries: Dogie dictionary definition | dogie defined pl. do·gies Western US A stray or motherless calf. Origin of dogie Origin unknown. Word History: In the language of the American West, a stray or motherless calf is known as a dogie. The origin of this word remains uncertain, but Ramon F. Adams, the author of numerous works on western Americana and a cowboy himself, offered one possible etymology for dogie in his book Western Words. During the 1880s, when a series of harsh winters left large numbers of orphaned calves, the little calves, weaned too early, were unable to digest coarse range grass, and their swollen bellies “very much resembled a batch of sourdough carried in a sack.” Such a calf was referred to as dough-guts.

The term, altered to dogie according to Adams, “has been used ever since throughout cattleland to refer to a pot-gutted orphan calf.” Another possibility is that dogie is an alteration of Spanish dogal, “lariat.” Still another is that it is simply a variant pronunciation of doggie. dogie What does calf mean?

definition, meaning and audio pronunciation (Free English Language Dictionary) calf; sura Hypernyms ("calf" is a kind of...): skeletal muscle ; striated muscle (a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes) Meronyms (parts of "calf"): gastrocnemius ; gastrocnemius muscle (the muscle in the back part of the leg that forms the greater part of the calf; responsible for the plantar flexion of the foot) soleus ; soleus muscle (a broad flat muscle in the calf of the leg under the gastrocnemius muscle) Achilles tendon ; tendon of Achilles (a large tendon that runs from the heel to the calf) Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "calf"): mid-calf (the middle of the calf; half way between the knee and ankle) Holonyms ("calf" is a part of...): shank (the part of the human leg between the knee and the ankle) Sense 3 Cowboy's Glossary of Cattle Terms - Cowboy Showcase Cowboy Showcase As the old cowman said, "Cows have more time than cowboys so cows

 always win." Another said, "If you break the cows rules, the cows will make you pay." Barbed Wire: (sometimes called "bobbed wire" or "barb wire." Another name was "The Devil's Rope.") A wire used in fencing that has points at intervals to deter livestock from crossing the fence.

Joseph F. Glidden of Dekalb, Illinois is credited with the first successful patent of barbed wire in 1874. Over 2000 varieties have been cataloged and old barbed wire is quite collectible. Some historians date the end of the "Old West" as the time when ranges began to be enclosed. The Wire that Fenced the West Bob: Method of marking cattle by trimming their tail hair. The cowman might "bob" the tails of the cattle he intends to keep while he is working them. This mark is made by cutting straight across the end tassel of tail hair. The mark is very distinctive and able to be seen from a long distance. See " long tailed ." Brand: Noun: Ownership mark. Verb: Applying a brand. See our Brand pages. Branding Iron: The tool used to apply a brand. Called "iron" for short. Running Iron: Ring or flat iron used to draw a brand rather than stamp it on. In the old west, sometimes used by rustlers to quickly mark unbranded cattle.

In some places it is still illegal to carry a running iron; however, in others, it is a common practice to apply a legal brand with one.Our friend, saddlemaker Mike Brennan of Meeker, Colorado sent us this picture of these old saddle irons (also called "running irons.") used for branding cattle on the range. Mike is interested in acquiring a new set He hopes they might still be used somewhere and possibly (hopefully) available. Mike says, "We still use them on the ranch, but they are getting about burnt out. They are made of cast copper and after a few thousand times in the fire, they get a little tired and tend to crack. This particular "iron" is well in excess of 50-60 years old." If you know of a source of new or good used irons, please contact him at: Mike M.

Brennan 785 Park Avenue PO Box 100 Meeker, CO 81641 mbrennan@nctelecom.net Saddle Iron: These branding irons are short stamp type irons that can be carried easily on a saddle and are constructed so you can find a stick and place it in the end when you need to use the iron. Bull: male un-castrated bovine (cow) Well-bred males are raised to father cattle in a cow herd. Genetics is big business in the cattle industry today. Cow: A female bovine. This term is used also as a generic reference to cattle. Cattle were first imported into the New World by the Spanish in 1541. Since then breeds from England, Europe and India have been introduced, trying to create the best producing cattle that make the best use of the available feed on different ranges. Calf: baby cow. Usually cattlemen plan for their herds to calve (have their young) in the early spring. Some warmer climate ranches allow calving any time. The animals are then rounded-up and marked by branding and earmarking or tagging to denote ownership.

Cattle Guard: An obstacle to cattle in a roadway made from horizontal (usually metal) bars inserted in the roadway over a depression in the ground and parallel to the fence line. It is used to replace a gate. The hole under the bars is a deterrent to the cattle and they will usually not attempt to cross. See Texas Gate. Corriente: cattle of non-descript breeding usually from Mexico. Often used in the U.S. for recreational-roping cattle. Critter: often in speaking of cows or horses a cowboy calls them a "Critter." Other animals can also be critters. Cut: (Noun) "a cut": a group of cattle separated from the herd for a reason, such as to sell. (Verb) the act of separating the cattle. (see photo) Also: a process of castrating a male animal. First cut: the choice pick of the group. Cut a circle: A cow boss will describe an area such as a portion of a ranch from which you will gather cattle or ride to check on land and animals. De-horning: In many places, cattlemen remove the horns from horned cattle when they are calves. This makes them easier to handle and less likely to hurt each other.

This practice became popular when cows began to be transported more often by truck and rail and needed to be confined in small spaces. Dewlap: Another method of marking cattle similar to a waddle. A dewlap is formed by cutting a piece of skin so that it will grow into a distinctive hanging mark in a certain location. Used in conjunction with brands and earmarks. Dogie: (pronounced with a long "o" as in "own," not as in the pet animal named "Spot.") A calf with no mother. Term used more often in Texas. Derived from the Spanish word "dogal" meaning a short rope used to keep a calf away from its mother during milking. Drive: Method of rounding up cattle by scattering cowboys over the range and pushing the cattle to one place. Earmark: Method of marking cattle by cropping their ears in distinctive patterns. Usually used along with a brand. The earmark patterns are also registered with the brand. Earmarks can often be seen quicker than a brand (because the cow usually looks at you) and are a good aid in recognition and when sorting cattle. Many earmarks can be seen at a great distance.

Swallow forks on the left cattle, full crops on the black cow on our right. Ear Tag: Method of marking cattle (or other animals) by attaching a tag to their ears. Often vaccinations, breeding, and herd identification are information that are recorded using the tag numbers. (Negative side to this is that the tags can pull out and be lost.) Heifer: young female cow, raised to replace the older cows in a herd or to provide meat. Horn iron: The old way to help heal the horn base after de-horning was to cauterize the horn stub with a hot iron. Leppy: An orphaned calf. Usually easily recognized by their pot bellies. Sometimes also used referring to a young cowboy who is inept in cowboy ways. Jerk: A gather of, or trip through, a small piece of country. Term often used in rough country where cattle are hard to gather.

Locoed: horses and cattle become addicted to the eating of Loco weed, thereby causing the victim to become thin; with injury to eyesight, muscular control and brain; causes an abnormal growth of hair on the mane and tail of horses - on cattle an extra increase of hair on flanks Long-eared, full-eared: Calves/cattle that have not been earmarked. They have their whole ears. Usually one of an age that it should have been branded and earmarked. Long tailed: Some cattle managers snip the long hair on the tip of the tail off when they process range cattle. Makes a very distinctive mark and later the hair grows back. Lacking that they are "long-tailed." See Bob. Mavericks: wild cattle that haven't been branded and never been gathered. Sometimes in remote, rough country the animal has been untouched by the cowboys for quite a while and the older the animal becomes, the more unmanageable it gets. Oreana another term used for a lone unmarked and unbranded calf. Rataque: Fence made by laying mesquite logs or sticks between posts. Remnants: Cattle not gathered in the first roundup and remaining on the range.

Riders go out again and again to find all the animals till the count is right. Re-ride: To ride again, such as to check a pasture or allotment for cattle not gathered the first time. Also with reference to riding a bronc or bull in a rodeo, if the animal does not buck as should be expected, the rider is given a different horse or bull in the hopes they can score their best. Rodeo: roundup, today a contested group of events and associated entertainment. Rodear: To gather and work cattle out of a herd held by riders, such as in a fence corner where there is no corral. Roundup: The spring and fall gathering of cattle on the ranges in order to brand and ear-mark the calves, wean, sort for ownership and cut out those wanted for shipment to market. Shelly Cow: An old cow, usually in poor condition. Steer: castrated male bovine (cow). Steers are raised and fed well to provide meat. Slick: A horse or cow with no brand, earmark, or other identification of ownership. St. Elmo's Fire: The eerie glow sometimes seen on cattle's long horns during a lightning storm.

It is caused by brush like discharges of atmospheric electricity and commonly accompanied by a crackling or fizzing noise. The discharge also appears as a tip of light on the extremities of such pointed objects as church towers or the masts of ships during stormy weather. The light was so named because St. Elmo is the patron saint of Mediterranean sailors, who regard St. Elmo's fire as the visible sign of his guardianship over them. Stray: an animal found strayed away from its owner or from the range where it belongs. Something some people do not understand is that often cattle from several neighboring ranches become mixed up during the season and need to be sorted and sent back to the proper homes. This is the reason proper branding and marking are so important. Tank: a depression formed in the ground for the purpose of holding water, usually natural water such as rain water or intermittent stream water. Used mostly in the southwest. Texas Gate: Alberta Canada version of the American "cattle guard." "Waddle: Another method of marking cattle. A waddle is formed by cutting a piece of skin so that it will grow into a distinctive hanging mark in a certain location. Used in conjunction with brands and earmarks.

The examples show a neck waddle. Waddles and dewlaps often are more visible than brands in cold weather country where the winter hair obscures the brand, and are useful for quick recognition and sorting. Watusi: African breed of cattle, dating their ancestry back 6000 years and called the "cattle of kings." Useful today in the United States, not only for their striking appearance, but for low birth-weight calves. Works: another term for roundup and working cattle, used mainly in the southwest. (for example: spring works, fall works) Weedy: Similar to "locoed", but caused by eating too much black sage or other plant instead of a normal diet and causing malnutrition, often affecting an animal's mind and thinking. Maverick | Define Maverick at Dictionary.com maverick [mav-er-ik, mav-rik] /ˈmæv ər ɪk, ˈmæv rɪk/ Spell noun 1. Southwestern U.S. an unbranded calf, cow, or steer, especially an unbranded calf that is separated from its mother. 2.

a lone dissenter, as an intellectual, an artist, or a politician, who takes an independent stand apart from his or her associates: a modern-dance maverick. a person pursuing rebellious, even potentially disruptive, policies or ideas: You can't muzzle a maverick. Synonyms: rebel , cowboy ; loose cannon . 3. Maverick, an electro-optically guided U.S. air-to-ground tactical missile for destroying tanks and other hardened targets at ranges up to 15 miles (24 km). adjective a maverick fiscal conservative willing to raise taxes. Origin of maverick 1865-70, Americanism; after Samuel A. Maverick (1803-70), Texas pioneer who left his calves unbranded Word story Expand The term maverick surged in popularity, propelled by the presidential bid in the late 2000s of US Senator John McCain, then considered a “political maverick” of the Republican Party. Given the word's Wild West roots, maverick has always had an edgy, rebellious connotation: it originally referred to unbranded cattle that strayed from the herd, putting their ownership in doubt.

It was then a short step in going from this original meaning to applying the word to a person who strayed from and did not follow the thinking of a group he or she belonged to, or who rebelled against accepted ideas or to a herd mentality. Maverick thus came to generally mean an individualistic and independent thinker. In popular culture, as exemplified in the movies Maverick (1994) and Top Gun (1986), the term often describes colorful gamblers and risk takers. Depending on context, then, maverick can be applied to a pioneer who bucks current trends, or to a wild and potentially reckless loose cannon. Popular references Expand —Dallas Mavericks: American professional basketball team based in Dallas, Texas, a member of the National Basketball Association (NBA). —Maverick: popular American TV series (1957–62) set in the Wild West that inspired a film of the same name (1994). —Maverick: Nickname and call sign of ace fighter pilot, played by Tom Cruise, in the film Top Gun (1986).

—Ford Maverick: Stylish, youthfully designed mid-size car made in the late 1960s and ‘70s in North America and Brazil. Related Quotations Expand “Gradually the term [maverick] came to mean any unbranded cattle of unknown ownership. Such animals were fair game for the first branding iron.“ —Richard W. Slatta, The Cowboy Encyclopedia (1994) “Maverick is a word which appeals to me more than misfit. Maverick is active, misfit is passive.“ —Alan Rickman (actor), “Alan Rickman's Quotes“ Facebook (2008) “The rugged individualist is too often mistaken for the misfit, the maverick, the spoilsport, the sore thumb.“ —Lewis H. Lapham, Money and Class in America: Notes and Observations on Our Civil Religion (1988) “Listen closely to maverick entrepreneurs…, and you quickly realize that they don't sound like traditional executives.“ —William C. Taylor and Polly G.

Labarr, Mavericks at Work: Why the Most Original Minds in Business Win (2006) Dictionary.com Unabridged Round-Up Time is Over Hear the cowboys singinï¿½, theyï¿½re a-feelinï¿½ mighty gay, Round-up time is over and their cares are laid away. So saddle up and into town, thereï¿½ll be a jubilee. I wonder if that blue-eyed gal is waitinï¿½ there for me? Everythingï¿½s lookinï¿½ bright and my heartï¿½s feelinï¿½ right And the world is mine for roundup time is over. Every cowboy I know--Curly, Slim, Jack and Joe-- Theyï¿½re a-feelinï¿½ fine for round-up time is over. See that little dogie [1] hurry to the fold. Guess he knows just how I feel Spiritï¿½s high, a clear blue sky so why should he be told That ï¿½way out here a cowboyï¿½s life is real? Let the sun fill the sky, let the wild coyotes cry.

Everythingï¿½s in rhyme for round-up time is over All the dogies counted and we never lost a stray, That will make the boss a very happy man today, See the dogies millinï¿½ [2] with a brand new branded hide? They were born a year ago and thatï¿½s why cowboys ride. Dairy Breed Questions 2 - Animal Sciences 101 with Capper at Washington State University - Pullman campus - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. Dairy Breed Questions 2 Credit for the first permanent establishment of Dutch cattle in the US belongs to who? Winthrop W. Chenery US dairy farmers have partnered with Dominos to launch what new product-line featuring six pizzas with 40% more cheese? American Legends Advertisement ) When the wash solution water is draining from the tank at the end of the wash cycle, its temperature should be no lower than what? 110 degrees F What is the key to limiting a postweaning slump? Minimizing stress On what day must a heifer be born to be the oldest possible animal in the spring yearling heifer class?

March 1 What herd, used in this year's Holstein judging contest, was featured on the cover of Hoard's Dairymen? Olmar Farms What one housing factor increases the cow's risk of injury? Overcrowding A 1% increase in digestibility of forages can reduce grain intake by 1 to 1.25 pounds per cow that in turn can yield how many more pounds of milk in 1 lactation? 200 to 250 pounds What vitamin continues to be a superstar for its multitute of positive benefits? It boosts immune system, helps with secretion and regulation of insulin. vitamin D cows born in what year are used as the base definition for PTA produciton and type? 2000 Teh US Championship Cheese contest is the industry's main event. the winning entry was a Sar Vecchio Parmesan entered by what company? Sartori's Food Corporation Vitamin D season is the new outreach project of the Milk Processor Education Program targeted at what type of consumer? Hispanic True or False: US consumers are more concerned about safet of food than war in Iraq or GLobal Warming. True Low SCC milk has more casein, the primary component in what dairy product?

Cheese Whow is the current Executive Director of National Dairy Shrine? David Selner Advertisement Lag time or the time from stripping teats to putting on the units is the most important part of the milking routine. The goal is to get the teat cups on in how many seconds after stripping? 60-90 seconds Genome is a fancy word for all of an animal's what? DNA What year saw the highest averaging sale in the American Holstein dairy industry? 1983- $145,387 on 62 lots Which professional sports league is partnering with the dairy checkoff to promote child nutrition and fitness? National Football League Avoiding heat stress during the summer months is important. cows that are more comfortable eat more and produce more milk. Will cows consumer more water at 70 degrees F or 50 degrees F? 70 degrees F What term describes the position on cattle and horses that has been known in the past as a predictor for animal behavior and tempermant? Hair whorl What type of floor is better for a milk holding area: sloped or flat? Sloped Fear or pain will cause what hormone to enter a cow's blood stream?

adrenaline Milk may be contaminated by bacteria, therefore it is not recommended that humans consume raw milk. What is the name given to disease-causing agents? Pathogens milk remains fresh for how many days after the expiration date if refrigerated properly? 7-10 days Dairy cows digest fat differently than nonruminants. What are fats also known as? Lipids What dairy product is most affected from higher SCC levels? Processing of cheese Harvesting corn at the right moisture and particle size is crucial. Which should determine when you start to chop corn silage: plant moisture or kernel milkline? Plant moisture how many servings of dairy does the average american consume per day? 1.6 servings Foot wart research cites three major risk factors: bacteria, management and what else? Enviornment On average, within three days, how long is a cow's estrus cycle? 21 days What organization has as its primary objective: to maintain a historical record of outstanding breeding herds and to promote advancement of dairy industry? National Dairy Shrine What is the average weight of a mature Ayrshire cow? 1,200 pounds Animal height measurements are generally measured from the ground to what body part?

highest point of withers how many champers are found in the heart of a cow? 4 chambers Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases during the first how many days of life? 10-14 days How much water does an average dairy cow consume per day? 30-50 gallons What is the first selection tool that consumers use when purchasing cheese? Flavor What are animals born without horns called? Polled What part of the alfalfa plant has the highest percent digestibility? Leaves The esophageal groove functions for how many weeks in milk fed calves? 12 weeks What udder condition appears as swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluids between the cells of the mammary gland tissue just under teh skin? edema Gestation normally lasts how many days? 280 (270-290) days Waht is a mature bovine called? Bull What is the standard interval to which lactation records for dairy cows are adjusted? 305 days On what day must a heifer be born to be the oldest possible animal in the fall heifer calf and fally yearling heifer classes? September 1 What organ supports and protects the embryo as it develops and grows?

Uterus What is the largest component in milk? Water Teh sex of a calf is determined by which parent? Father In general terms, what are the chemical messengers which control a cow's estrus cycle? hormones Which organization developed the Unified Dairy Cow Score Card for judging dairy cattle? Purebred Dairy Cattle Association What breed of dairy cows has the undesirable recessive called Weavers? Brown Swiss In the reproductive tract, how many uterine horns are there? Two In reproduction, what time fram does days open refer to? Number of days from calving to conception How many chromosomes does a cattle embryo have? 60 (or 30 pairs) A gallon of milk weighs how many pounds? 8.6 pounds In which stomach compartment traps ingested metal? Reticulum What color is nitric oxide? Colorless What Fahrenheit temperature is the most desired for milk in the farm bulk tank? 38 degrees F how long after birth before calves begin to produce their own immunity? 6-8 weeks what is the name of the dairy check-off-funded program aimed at countering America's calcium crisis and increasing dairy consumption? 3-Every-Day What is the most costly disease affecting the dairy industry? Mastitis What percent of cheese is consumed on pizza?

28% Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen is an index of what problem, which can develop in stored forages? heat damage how soon after heat ends does ovulation, or egg release occur? 10-14 hours On most farms, which type of silage facility offers the least cost per ton of silage stored? Bunker In which season of the year are lice most prevelant? Winter Which age group of animals has the best conception rate in dairy breeding program? Virgin Heifers Which singel largest product from the beef carcass? Ground Beef Purebred Ayrshires only produce what color offspring? Red and white Where is the location of the US ayrshire Breeders' Association? Colombus, Ohio Milk is packaged in various sized. What is the most popular size? 1 Gallon what group of animals are the best candidtes for use of sexed semen? Heifers Strain 19 is a vaccine for what disease? Brucellosis In what year was chocolate milk introduced? 1919 Calves should receive what percent of their bodywieght in colostrum within the first six hours after birth? 6-8% What hormone is injected into cattle to cause superovulation?

Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) What is the genetic material found in all living organisms called? DNA (genes, chromosomes) What term describes small electric currents that flow through the electrical grounded-neutral system and pass through a cow's body and adversly affct her behavior and performance? Stray Voltage What part of a cow's stomach is most similar to a human's stomach? Abomasum How many incisor teeth does the adult cow have on the lower jaw? 8 Which side of teh cow's head should you be leading from during a show? Left Side Name the term used to describe when the teats of a cow point out too much. Strutting What is the name of the short period of sexual receptivity of open cows and heifers normally occurring every 18 to 24 days? Heat or estrus A cow should spend how many hours a day lying in the stall resting and "making milk"? 10 to 12 hours What specific forage crop has the greatest buffer capacity during the ensiling process? Alfalfa or clovers What is the name of the structure through which the fetus receives all of its nutrients? Placenta Distiller's grain is added to a cow's ration as a source fo what?

Protein What enzyme is deficient in people who are lactose intolerant? Lactase What feed additive is used to improve taste and reduce dustiness? molasses Which B vitamin is often recommended as a feed additive to minimize the occurance of fatty liver and Ketosis in fresh cows? Niacin Each grandparent contributes what percent of an animal's genes? 25% What will improve alfalfa yields on acid soils more than any other single management practice? Liming A feed used with another to improve nutritive balance, and intended to be further diluted and mixed to produce a supplement or a complete feed is known as what? Concentrate What term describes the milk-mineral deposit on milk handling equipment? Milkstone What lameness problem can be seen by swelling, foul odor, and redness between the claws? foot rot most farmers try to harvest first-cut alfalfa when it is in what state? Late-bud stage What is the leading cause of heifer calf deaths? Scours What percent of hay silage dry matter is lost between cutting and ensiling? 2-8% When during a cow's daily schedule does she have the highest demand for water? After milking or feeding Who publishes the Ayrshire Digest?

Purebred Publishing when veal calves are sent to slaughter how much doe they weigh on average? 4475-500 pounds What term describes the thin cylinder in which frozen semen is preserved? Straw What organism is the major cause of calfhood scours? E. coli Soybean meal is commonly added to calf starters for what purpose? Protein Louis Pasteur is significant in the dairy industry for making what contribution? Pasteurization What tube-shaped organ provides passage to the cervix? Vagina What is the major ligament of the udder, which divides it into left and right halves? Median suspensory ligament What is the recommended soil pH for growing corn? 6.0 pH What is the produce by which a cow is compared to the ideal for her breed? classification Who is president of the Dairy Calf and Heifer Association? Lewis Anderson What is the common name given to the respiratory disease, which cattle often develop after being transported, by truck or rail? Shipping Fever What type of blood cells help fight diseases or infections? White blood cells What off-flavor in milk tastes bitter and soapy? Rancid in what state were the first importations of US Ayrshires?

connecticut When singeing udder hair, slowly pass the flame how many inches below the udder? 6-8 inches Feeding proper rations during the summer is important for both cow comfort and maintaining milk production. Which nutrient is most important during the summer months? Water Increased consumption of soft drinks has cuased a large gap in the recommended daily amount of what mineral needed by teenagers? Calcium Historically, what season is teh demand for milk highest? Fall What is the first component of the stomach called? Rumen Information about which side of the family is shown on the bottom half of the pedigree? Maternal Side What is the most popular milking set up in the US? Milking parlors how many teeth does a cow have on the front of the upper jaw? None On a scale of 1-5, what body condition score should a dry cow have? 3.5 to 4 During the milking schedule, when should mastitis-infected cows be milked? Last What generally happens to a cow's body weight during the first 90 days of her lactation? Decreases What season of the year are the incidences of retained placentas and metritis the highest?

Summer how many pounds of whole milk does it take to produce one pound of butter? 21.2 pounds During which stage of the dry period is the chance of udder infection the lowest? During the middle of the dry period At what approximate age does a calf have a fully developed rumen? 3-4 months What is the major factor affecting increased somatic cell counts? Mammary infections Each sper or egg contains what sample percentage of the genes in the bull's or dam's cells? 50% What is the name of the highest daily production attained by a cow during her lactation? Peak milk production cows produce methane gas. They burp frequently to release the gas from the rumen during digestion. if burping become paralyzed, gas is trapped and the cow becomes what? Bloated True or False: Once a cow is infected iwth Neospora she remains infected for life? True What happens to a cow's milk production as her somatic cell count increases? Production decreases The Charm II, gas chromatography and the Signal are tests used to determine levels of what in milk? Anitbiotic levels Injecting cows with a hormoneal form of what vitamin before calving may reduce the incidence of milk fever?

Vitamin D In regards to production testing, what do the initials DHIA stand for? Dairy Herd Improvement Association How many stalls are there in a 12-herringbone parlor? 24 A heifer born twin to a bull. When can she become registered? When it can be proven she is a breeder What nutrient in milk may help reduce the incidence of osteoporosis? calcium What is the common name for infectious keratoconjunctivitis? Pinkeye Each straw of semen should be thawed for a minimum of how many seconds? 30 seconds How can people get infected with tuberculosis? Drinking unpasteurized milk form infected cows or contaminated water What do the initals bST stand for? Bovine somatotropin What accounts for the greates percent of milk production costs on most daiyr farms? Feed Which class of nutrients has the most energy per pound? Fats What happens to the growth rate of a pasture if it is too tall or too short when grazed by cows? Growth rate is reduced Name the dairy cooperative with the most member farms. Dairy Farmers of AMerica Most farmers try to harvest first-cut alfalfa when it is in what stage?

Late-bud stage What percent of lactating cows have oxytocin in their bloodstreams during milking? 100% What problem is more likely to occur in recently fresh cows that recieved dry cow rations high in calcium or have inappropriate calcium to phosphorus ratio in the ration? Milk Fever (Hypocalcemia) or Parturient Paresis What is the muscle layer of the uterus called? Myometrium Which vitamin can be synthesized in the body tissue of a newborn calf and is not required in the diet? C (K and B-complex are synthesized in the rument) What vitamin can be injected or fed to cows to reduce the susceptibility to ringworm? Vitamin A During hot weather, what happens to a cow's feed intake and milk production? both decline We can reduce ammonia emissions by reducing the feeding of what? Protein How do cows effectively lose body heat during how weather? Sweating or panting What does the word gestation mean? time mother carries calf Most A.I. organizations recommend that inseminators shuld place semen where? Uterine body When taking silage samples in a bunker silo be sure to take a sample from what two spots?

Face and further inside the pile When calves are scouring what should be done? Give milk and electrolytes Bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE is more commonly known as what? Mad Cow Disease The milk from how many cows out of eight ends up on pizza? One name the nation's largest food company. Kraft Why is colostrum important to newborn calves? Helps build the calf's immune system What common pest serves as the primary vector of pink eye? Flies, face flies, or Musca Autumnalis Can employees working in a rotary milking parlor prep and attatch milkers faster that move in a clockwise or counterclockwise position? Clockwise In a feeding program, what do the initials DMI stand for? Dry Matter Intake True or false: It is best to dehorn calves during weaning? False Yes or no: Is 20 gallons considered to be a manure spill? Yes What do the initals DBH stand for? Difficult Births in Heifers How many points are alloted for feet and legs? 15 points How many straws of semen can be thawed using one pint of water without compromising semen quality?

4 to 5 straws Why should a teat dip be used after milking? To reduce or prevent udder infections Do older or younger cows have a higher incidence of cysts? Older Cows At what Fahrenheit temperature should your refrigerator be set at to store medicines? 36-46 degrees F the average cow's udder floor is how many inches above the point of the hock? 2 inches What dairy product is being hailed as the flat-belly food? Yogurt Austrailian mastitis remedies conatin a special ingredient that serves as a marker to indicate whether milk from treated cows contains drug residues. What is the ingredient? Blue dy Technology allows vets to detect whether a cow is pregnant at 25 days into gestation using what mechanical test? Ultrasound What is the optimum calving interval? 12 to 13 months What is the single best indicator for heat detection? Standing heat Most bacteria grows at what Fahrenheit temperature? 70 to 100 degrees F At birth, the calf's body contains what percent water? 75% water Which breed of dairy cattle has the lowest percentage of inbreeding? Holstein What is the first milk from a cow that has freshened called?

Colostrum What is known as the golden standard for free stall base and bedding? Sand forages cut and chopped in the field and fed directly to livestock are known as what? Green Chop Which hormone released druing parturition softens the cervial and vaginal tissues and causes the dense connective tissue and ligaments in the pelvic area to become more elastic? Relaxin or estrogen When should claves be weaned? 6-8 weeks Difficult brith or obstructed calving In which breed of cows is the incidence of milk fever most common? Jersey A second or later lactation of cow produces half of her total lactation production in approximately how many days after calving? 120 days Milk-rich diets actually help shield against what common human stomach problem? Ulcers In regards to animal organizations, what do the initals NRA stand for? National Renderers Association The total number of licensed commerical dairy famrs stand at how many? 54,942 (+/-1,000) What is the name of the document that establishes the standards for Grade A milk? Pasteurized Milk Ordinance Name one of the only proven ways that transmissible spongiform encephalopathies can be destroyed?

incineration at extremely high temperatures, long-term storage in sealed landfill or alkaline digestion The 2010 gentic base uses females born in what year as a reference point? 2005 What organization administers CWT? National Milk Producers Federation body energy and nutrient reserves can be replenished with most ease during which stage of lactation? Late lactation A fresh cool constant supply of drinking water is one of the easier ways to increase milk production by how many pounds per day? 3-4 When cutting alfalfa for dry hay, what time of day results in teh best forage quality? Late afternoon What is the preferred bedding in free stalls? Sand What structures carry blood from the body back to the heart? Veins how long after filling a silo are the gases most dangerous? 12-72 hours after Which breed's milk has the highest butterfat percentage on average? Jersey At birth, the calf's body contains what percent water? 75% Name the state that is most reliant upon its dairy industry? Idaho The standard plate count tests for amounts of what? Bacteria How many pounds of water does a cow need to consume to produce one pound of milk?

4-6 pounds What piece of machinery is responsible for 41% of farm deaths of children under 15 years? Tractor Experts recommend planting how many different corn Hybrids for best results? 4-6 During which stage of the dry period is the chance of udder infection the lowest? During the middle of the dry period Do older or younger cows have a higher incidence of cysts? Older cows What age group of cattle is most susceptible to ringworm? Young animals (calves and heifers) What do the initals N-A-A-B stand for? National Association of Animal Breeders Approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced? 400-500 gallons Pedometers can detect about what percentage of heats? 70-75% What two colors appear on a slow moving vehicle sign? Red and orange It is recommended to always use what percent tincture of iodine to dip navels? 7% What is the optimum calving interval? 12-13 months All cheese should be stored at what temperature? 35-45 degrees F What is the recommended level of Dry Matter for alfalfa before chopping?

35-50% Which dairy breed is associated with mad cow disease? Holsteins A low level of progesterone is associated with what pregnancy status of a cow? Cow is not pregnant What is the recommended lenght for a cow's dry period? 45 to 65 days What percent of ovulation normally occurs in the right ovary of cattle? 50-60% Grain is a major source of energy in dairy rations, contributing what percent of total ration dry matter? 40-55% When scouring, what is the greatest danger to the animal? Dehydration Which B vitamin is often recommended as a feed additive to minimize the occurance of fatty liver and Ketosis in fresh cows? Niacin What do volatile fatty acids supply the cow? Energy Who is considered the "Father of modern Dairying"? William Dempster Hoard A pedigree with how many generations would show information for the great-great-grandparents? Five-Generation When does a dairy cow have the highest demand for water> After milking or feeding in regards to milk, what does DRPC stand for? Dairy Records Processing Center How many inches of silage should be removed daily to maintain high feed quality?

6-12 inches What element is used to keep bull semen frozen? Liquid Nitrogen What will improve alfalfa yields on acid soils more than any other single management practice? Liming Milk produced per person averaged how many pounds in 2006? 607 What state received the highest mailbox price in 2006? Florida Mange is contagious especially during what season? Fall or winter Does butter have: less, more, or the same amount of calories as margarine? Same As the vacuum level in the milking system increases, what happens to the milking rate? increases The highest levels of SCC occurs during what month? August The afterbirth normally should be expelled within how many hours after a cow calves? 2-6 hours The actual let-down of milk occurs about how long after the udder has been stimulated? 30-60 seconds Federal orders have been around since what year? 1937 Which ear contains the tattoo? Left 26% of all cheese sold in the US is manufactured in what state? Wisconsin the California Mastistis Test is used to measure what in milk? Somatic cell count What is the recommendation for milk replacer crude protein percent?

20-28% Which season of the year is the incidence of twins more frequent? Summer What is the highest classification score assigned to a US Ayrshire cow? 97 points What is the name of the process by which cows are impregnated with semen from a bull withouth teh bull being present? Artificial Insemination how long does the average mount last during an estrus period? 4-6 seconds What kind of bedding supports the least amount of bacteria? Sand Before a calf is weaned, it should be consuming how many pounds of starter a day? 1.5-2 pounds On average, which breed of cow has the longest productive life? Fersey When does peak milk production occur? 6-8 weeks after calving What Fahrenheit temperature are cattle most comfortable? 50-55 degrees F What is the name given to the firm gums on the upper jaw of a ruminant? Dental Pad how many parathyroid glands does the dairy cow have? 4 Cows can suffer from a prolapsed uterus immediatly after what? Calving According to 2007 US dairy statsitics, which state has the greatest number of cows?

California What usually occurs in cows with metabolic problems and follows difficult calvings. Retained placenta What is the biggest danger to overmilking? Damage to teat end Fertility, as measured by daughter pregnancy rate, is lowest in which breed? Guernsey On a percentage basis, what area has lost the most licensed herds? Southeast Name the dairy cow condition where the shoulder seperates from the side and juts out sharply at the elbow? Wing shoulder Which country has the world's largest dairy herd? India What is the capacity of the rumen in the average cow? 40-50 gallons What breed is most susceptible to copper toxicity? Jersey Where is teh most potassium located in the alfalfa plant? Stems The US isn't the only country with a genomic test. Name the other country. New Zealand What's the ideal body condition score for a dry cow? 3 to 3.5 What is the term used to describe the test that measures the amount of dirt in milk? Sediment test Which breed of dairy cattle has the lowest rate of dystocia? Jersey how many points are given in a showmanship contest for leading? 25 points When is the besttime to take a cow's temperature?

Morning Manure odor intensity would be the least during what kind of weather? Cool When is teh best time to fertilize alfalfa fields? After first cut What does the Delvo test detect? Antibiotic residues in milk What does DCR stand for? Date Collection Rating When making baleage, what moisture level should hay be made at? 60-70% What simple household ingredient can help with urea poisoning? Vinegar What is the term given to the highest point of a cow's lactation curve, when she is giving the most pounds of milk per day? Peak Name teh calf delivery position where the tail and butt come first. Breech position What hormone in the first week following ovulation actually inhibtis the dvelopment of the corpus luteum? Oxytocin What digestive condition occurs 80-90% on the left side of teh cow's abdomen sometime after calving? Displaced abomasum What is the most likely source of Johne's Disease? Manure What's the name of teh contents of the large intestine that eventually leave the body through the rectum? Feces how often should one culture their bulk tank?

Once a month What's the name of the device that judges quality by measuring the specific gravity of teh colostrum and correlating it with the immunoglobulin or antibody concentration? Colostrometer or hydrometer Teat dip contains what germ-fighting element? Iodine A single cost of lameness is costly, averaging more than how much per cow? $300 What system does pneumonia primarily affect? respiratory Well-preserved corn silage will have a pH of what? 3.7-4.2 the first vaccine for bovine neosporosis has been granted approval form USDA. Who was the vaccine developed by? Intervet, Inc. An Ayrshire cow must be what percent purebred or higher to participate in ABA programs? 87.5% What temperature is best to serve milk? 33-40 degrees F

Question: With reference to American cattle, what is the name of a motherless or stray calf?
Answer: DOGIE