The chess games of Nigel Short IM (1979); GM (1984); British Champion (1984, 1987, 1998); English Champion (1991); European Union Champion (2001); Commonwealth Champion (2006 & 2008); Candidate (1985, 1988, 1991, 1994 (PCA)); World Championship Challenger (PCA) (1993). Background Nigel David Short was born in Leigh in Lancashire, the second son of Jean and David Short. A bona fide chess prodigy, Short defeated Viktor Korchnoi in a simul at the age of 10 and was the youngest ever qualifier for the British Championships at the age of 11. When he earned his International Master title at the age of 14, he was at that time the youngest ever to earn that title. When he won the Grandmaster title at the age of 19, he was the youngest GM in the world at the time.

He subsequently rose to dominate English chess in the 80s and 90s following in the wake of Anthony Miles , culminating in a challenge for the World Championship in 1993. Championships <Youth> Short was =1st in the World U16 Youth Championship held in Belfort in 1979. <Junior> He participated in four World Junior Championships from 1980 to 1983. He achieved his best result during his first attempt in which he placed second to Garry Kasparov in 1980 at Dortmund. <National> In 1977 he became the youngest ever participant in the British Chess Championship by qualifying three days before his twelfth birthday. When Nigel was 14, he tied for 1st place in the British Championship of 1979 with John Nunn and Robert Bellin , earning his first IM norm. Short won the British Chess Championship in 1984, 1987, and 1998, and the English Championship in 1991.

He came =1st in the British Championships (2011) at the age of 46, but lost the tie breaker to Michael Adams . <Commonwealth and Continental> He won the Commonwealth Championships in 2004 (7.5/9) and 2006 (9/10), the Commonwealth Championship (2008) (9.5/11) and came =1st in the Commonwealth and South African Open (2011) (7.5/9). He scored 7.5/13 in the 2nd European Individual Championship held in Ohrid in the FYROM in 2001, won the European Union Individual Championships (2006) held in Liverpool with 7.5/10, and took a share of second place in the European Individual Championship (2008) . <World> Short qualified to play in the Biel Interzonal when he placed =1st alongside Jonathan Speelman in European Zonal 1A held in Brighton in December 1984.

Subsequently, in July 1985, he placed =4th at the Biel Interzonal with 10.5/18 (+6 =9 -2), holding off John van der Wiel and Eugenio Torre in a play off for the fourth qualifying position to the Montpellier Candidates, thereby becoming Britain's first-ever candidate. Short did not win through to the semi-final Candidate Matches from the preliminary Candidates Tournament, scoring 7/15 to finish in equal tenth place, and exited the World Championship challenge at this stage. However, his participation in the Montpellier Candidates Tournament qualified Short to compete in the 1987 Subotica Interzonal in which he scored 10.5/16 to place equal first with Speelman and Gyula Sax . In the preliminary match held in Saint John in Canada in 1988, Short defeated Sax (+2=3), but then lost by 3.5-1.5 (−2=3) to Speelman in London later that year. This cycle was the last full undisputed FIDE controlled World Championship cycle until the Kramnik - Topalov World Championship Match (2006) Unification Match.

During the next World Championship cycle, a last round victory over Mikhail Gurevich enabled Short to finish equal third with Viswanathan Anand , behind Vassily Ivanchuk and Boris Gelfand at the Manila Interzonal in July 1990, thereby qualifying as a Candidate for the third successive time. In London in February 1991, he bested Speelman in the tiebreaker by 1.5-0.5 after drawing the preliminary best-of-8 match 4-4 (+2 =4 -2). He then proceeded to defeat Gelfand (+4=2�2) in the best-of-8 quarter final match played in Brussels in August 1991, and then overcame the former World Champion Anatoly Karpov by 6-4 (+4=4�2) in the best-of-10 semi-final match played in Linares in April 1992.

In the best-of-14 match final held in San Lorenzo de El Escorial in January 1993, Short defeated Dutchman Jan Timman by 7.5-5.5 (+5=5�3) to earn the right to meet defending World Champion Garry Kasparov, who had successfully defended his crown three times against Karpov. According to Short and Kasparov, FIDE President Florencio Campomanes breached FIDE rules by deciding to stage the match in Manchester and to determine the prize fund without consulting them. Short and Kasparov responded by forming the Professional Chess Association (PCA) and the resulting match�sponsored by The Times newspaper�was held under the auspices of the PCA in London, from September to October 1993. Kasparov won by 12.5-7.5 (+6−1=13) in the best-of-24 match, the largest margin of victory in a world title contest since the Tal - Botvinnik World Championship Return Match (1961) . Short�s next attempt at the title remained under the auspices of the PCA.

Qualifying directly for the PCA Candidates match by virtue of being the losing challenger in the match against Kasparov, Short tied 4-4 (+1 =6 -1) with Boris Gulko in the best-of-8 quarterfinal match held at the Trump Tower in New York City in July 1994, before winning 1.5-0.5 in the classically-timed tiebreaker. He then bowed out to Gata Kamsky 5.5-1.5 (+1 =1 -5) in the best-of-10 quarter final match held at the same venue. Rejoining the FIDE cycle, Short competed in its 1997 Knockout contest to determine the challenger to Karpov, the winner of the last FIDE cycle. He defeated Korchnoi 3.5-2.5 in round 2 (into which he had been directly seeded), Andrei Sokolov 2-0 in round 3, Alexander Beliavsky 3-1 in round 4 and Michal Krasenkow 2-0 in the quarter final before losing to Adams in the semi-final 4-3 in the sudden death tiebreaker.

In the 1999 FIDE Knockout contest for the World Championship, Short, again seeded directly into round 2, beat Daniel Fridman 1.5-0.5, Beliavsky in round 3 by 1.5-0.5, before succumbing to Alexey Shirov by 1.5-0.5 in round 4. In the 2000 event, Short was unexpectedly beaten 3.5-2.5 in the tiebreaker of round 2, where he had been directly seeded, by Frenchmen Igor Alexandre Nataf . In the FIDE World Championship Knockout Tournament (2001) , Short was knocked out of the competition in round 1 when he was again unexpectedly defeated 1.5-0.5 by Argentinian GM Daniel Hugo Campora . In FIDE World Championship Knockout Tournament (2004) , Short defeated Yemeni IM Hameed Mansour Ali Kadhi 2-0 in round 1, but lost in the 2nd round to Krasenkow 1.5-0.5.

Short did not contest the FIDE World Cup (2005) but participated in the World Chess Cup (2007) where he was defeated in the first round tiebreaker by David Baramidze , the last time Short contested the World Championship cycle. Classical Tournaments Short became the then youngest International Master in chess history, by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/80.

He has finished outright first, or tied for first, in many international tournaments including Geneva (1979), the BBC Master Game (1981), Amsterdam OHRA (1982), Baku (1983), Esbjerg (1984), Wijk aan Zee (1986 and 1987), Reykjav�k (1987), Amsterdam VSB (1988, 1991, 1992, and 1993), Hastings (1987/88 and 1988/89), P�rnu (1996), Groningen (1996), Tallinn/P�rnu (1998), Dhaka United Insurance (1999), Shymkent (1999), Pamplona (1999/2000), the Tan Chin Nam Cup in Beijing (2000), Sigeman and Co.

Malm� (2002), Gibraltar (2003), Gibraltar Masters (2004) , Hunguest Hotels Super Chess Tournament (2003) , Samba Cup (2003), Skanderborg (2003), Taiyuan (2004), Politiken Cup (2006) , Baku 2008, Bazna King's Tournament (2008) , Sigeman & Co (2009) , 11th BCC Thailand Open (2011) , Thailand Open 2012 and Luanda (2011). In 2012, he came =1st with Women's World Champion Yifan Hou at Tradewise Gibraltar (2012) but won the blitz tiebreak match to take first prize. He then won the 12th Bangkok Open (2012) with a score of 8/9 and came equal 1st with Adams in the unrated Bunratty Masters (2012) ; however he lost to Adams in the tiebreak.

Another good result was =2nd at Corus Group B (2009) after losing the last round game to Fabiano Caruana , who won the event by half a point. In July 2012, Short won the Edmonton International (2012) outright with 7/9 (+6 -1 =2). In January 2013, Short again appeared on the leader board at Gibraltar, placing =1st with a score of 8/10 alongside with Maxime Vachier-Lagrave , Chanda Sandipan and Nikita Vitiugov at the Tradewise Gibraltar (2013) . This time the tiebreak was a knockout blitz contest between the four players, the Tradewise Gibraltar (Tiebreaks) (2013) ; Short eliminated Vachier-Lagrave 1.5-0.5, and then lost to Vitiugov in an epic 2-game mini match to become runner-up in the event.

A few months later in April 2013, Short participated in the 13th Bangkok Chess Club Open, placing =8th (11th on tiebreak) with a score of 6.5/9 and shedding 12 ratings points. The following month in May 2013, Short came =1st (2nd on tiebreak behind Richard Rapport ), with 4.5/7 at the category 15 21st Sigeman & Co (2013) in Sweden and then in June 2013 he won with 6/6 at the Tanzanian Open and came 2nd behind Lazaro Bruzon Batista in the 8th Edmonton International (2013) . In July 2013, he won the Canadian Open with 7.5/9 and in October 2013 he placed =2nd (3rd on tiebreak) alongside Alexander Moiseenko at the Indonesian Open after defeating him in the final round, a point behind the outright winner, Alexey Dreev .

In October 2014, Short returned to form after a prolonged slump during which he briefly left the world's top 100. At the Isle of Man, he won the PokerStars IoM Masters (2014) with 7.5/9, a clear point ahead of a strong field that included runners-up Laurent Fressinet , Sergei Tiviakov , David Howell (whom he defeated in the final round to clinch first prize) and Gil Popilski as well as lower placed super-GMs such as countryman Adams and others such as world #13 Maxime Vachier-Lagrave and Armenian #2 Gabriel Sargissian . Short also returned to the world's top 100 in the November 2014 FIDE rating list. In November 2014, Short travelled to Burma to win the GM Zaw Win Lay Memorial International Open with 6.5/8. A few months later in April 2015, Short won the Bangkok Chess Club Open (2015) with 7.5/9, on tiebreak, ahead of co-leader Surya Shekhar Ganguly .

In July 2015, he won the South African Open with 9/11, after the tiebreak placed him ahead of fellow co-leaders Aleksa Strikovic and Abhijit Kunte . Team play <Club tournaments> Short�s inaugural experience in the European Club Cup was in 1988, playing for SG Solingen (Germany) which came 4th that year. He again played for that club in 1990 and 1992 winning team gold and bronze respectively. He played top board for Peristeri Athens in 1996, and board 4 in 1999 for the silver-medal winning team Agrouniverzal Zemun (Yugoslavia) that also contained Anand, Kramnik and Gelfand. In 2004, he won individual and team silver playing on board 2 for �K Bosna Sarajevo and again played for that team in 2007, playing board 5.

He has played a total of 37 games during this period of participation in the European Club Cup, scoring +12 =21 -4 for a winning percentage of 60.8%. <Team championships> Short played top board for the England team in the First World U16 Team Chess Championship held in Viborg in 1979, winning individual gold and leading his team to victory to take team gold. The 14 year-old won six games and drew one, pulling a performance rating of 2632 while his FIDE rating was 2210. He then went on to participate in the European and World Team Championships. His first taste of playing in the European Team Championships came in 1983 when 18 year-old IM Short played board 7 in the event held in Plovdiv, winning individual silver while his team came fourth. He played board one in 1992, 1997 and 1999, winning team and individual bronze medals in 1992 during the Debrecen event, and an individual gold in 1997 in Pula.

He again played for England in 2001, 2011 and 2013, playing second board in 2001 and 2011, and board 3 in 2013. Still playing for England during the World Team Championships of 1985 (on board 4), 1989 (board 1) and 1997 (board 1), each of which were played in Lucerne in Switzerland, he won individual silver in 1989 and two team bronzes in 1985 and 1989. Short scored 8/10 in the Howard Staunton Memorial (Scheveningen Match) (2009) played between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands to help his team win the contest. He also won the Queens and Kings Match (2003) with his team mate Zhao Xue . He also played top board for London in the World Cities Team Championship (2012) held in December 2012 in Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates.

Despite his personal tally of two wins and a draw, London failed to make the cut to the round of 16. Short has also participated in the Spanish Teams Championship, the French Top 16 League, the Bosnia and Herzegovina Team Championships, the Attica team Championship in Greece, the Chinese Premier League, and in the 4 Nations Chess League held in the UK. In 2013 and 2014, he helped his team Guildford 1 win the 4NCL. He is again playing for Guildford 1 in 2015. <Olympiads> Short has represented England at every Olympiad since 1984, winning individual gold in Dubai in 1986, three team silvers (Thessaloniki 1984, Dubai 1986 and Thessaloniki 1988) and a team bronze medal (Novi Sad 1990). In his first appearance at the Thessaloniki Olympiad in 1984, Short played 2nd reserve for the silver medal-winning England team. In 1986, he played board 3, winning individual gold and team silver.

He played top board for his country from 1988 until 1996, and board 2 from 1998 until 2010. He played his 15th consecutive Olympiad in Istanbul at the Chess Olympiad (2012) in August-September 2012, scoring 7.5/10 and placing 5th on board 3 overall and lifting his rating back into the 2700 group. He also played board 3 for England at the Chess Olympiad (2014) .

Matches Short has enjoyed considerable success as a match player outside of the World Championship cycle, defeating US Champion Lev Alburt in Foxboro in 1985 by 7�1 (+6=2), Utut Adianto 4.5-1.5 (+3=3) in Jakarta in 1995, Etienne Bacrot in Albert in 2000 by 4-2 (+3=2�1), Hannes Stefansson in Reykjav�k in 2002 by 4.5-1.5 (+4=1�1), Ehsan Ghaem Maghami in Tehran in 2003 by 4-2 (+2=4) and won by 3.5-2.5 (+2=3�1) in the Short - Efimenko Match (2009) held in Mukachevo in 2009.

Short lost to Joel Benjamin by 2.5�1.5 at London 1983, drew with Eugenio Torre 3-3 (+1=4�1) in Manila 1988, drew with Timman (3�3) in an exhibition match at Hilversum in 1989 and drew with Anish Giri in Amsterdam in 2010 by 2-2 (+1 =2 -1). The younger generation prevailed in the Karjakin - Short Rapid match (2008) by 7.5-2.5 (Short: +2 -7 =1) played in Kiev. He narrowly lost the Kasparov - Short Blitz Match (2011) played in Belgium by 4.5-3.5 when he lost the final game. In 2012, he won the Short - Granda Match (2012) by 3.5-2.5 (+2 =2) in a rapid game exhibition match played in Lima, Peru. Rapid Short took first place at the Estonian P�haj�rve 13.

kiirmaleturniir (13th Sacred Lake Rapid Chess Tournament) in November 2012, scoring 28.5/31, 4 points clear of 2nd placed 7 times Estonian Champion GM Kaido Kulaots . In November 2014, he placed 2nd at the BCC November 2014 Blitz behind FYROM's Riste Menkinoski . In December 2014 he placed =3rd at the London Chess Classic 2014 Super Rapidplay Open with 8/10. Ratings and rankings Nigel Short has been in the world's top 100 for most of his life. He entered the top 100 in January 1983, and after briefly exiting the list in July 1983, re-entered the top 100 in January 1984, remaining there until September 2014 and October 2014, before his second re-entry to the top 100 elite in November 2014.

He was in the top ten for most of the period from July 1986 until January 1997. His peak ranking was 3rd behind Karpov and Kasparov from July 1988 to July 1989 inclusive. His highest rating numerically was 2712 in April 2004 (when he was ranked 15th in the world)*. He is also the oldest player in the top 100. Other achievements and activities Short has written chess columns and book reviews for the British newspapers The Sunday Times, The Daily Telegraph, the Daily Mail, The Spectator and The Guardian. He reported on the FIDE World Championship Tournament (2005) in San Luis, Argentina, for the ChessBase website**. He began a new column "Short Stories" for New in Chess magazine in January 2011. He has coached Pentala Harikrishna , Sergey Karjakin , David Howell and Parimarjan Negi . He worked as national coach of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2006�2007.

His first assignment led to them unexpectedly capturing a team bronze medal at the Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, in 2006. In the nine chess events at the Asian Indoor Games in Macau 2007, Iran took a silver and two bronze medals. He has also been on numerous webcasts, a guest commentator with chessgames.com, and a live commentator for the World Championship Candidates (2013) . He is also a member of chessgames.com using his own name as his userid: User: Nigel Short . In recognition of his chess accomplishments, Short was appointed MBE (Member of the British Empire)*** in 1999. He was made an Honorary Fellow of the then Bolton Institute of Higher Education in 1993 and was awarded the Honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Bolton in 2010. In August 2005, he was unanimously elected Secretary General of the Commonwealth Chess Association. In June 2006 he became its President, until stepping down in January 2008.

Finally, he has won tournaments in 29 different countries.**** Personal He lives in Greece with his wife Rhea Argyro Karageorgiou and their two children. Sources World Championship Index: . live rating: ; Nigel Short Turns 40: ; FIDE database: ; The Encyclopedia of Team Chess: ; * Historical ratings and rankings: ; ** The first chessbase article is: with the other rounds reported by Short included round by round at the following link: *** MBE: Wikipedia article: Order of the British Empire **** Last updated 14 July 2015 page 1 of 106; games 1-25 of 2,627 Game Oct-20-16 Octavia : Talking about testosterone: you ought to all know that women get a lot of that into our bodies after the menopause. We grow hair in odd places, our bums get slimmer etc, so reasoning as someone further down does we ought to excel in old age and men who go the other way ought to get worse.

Nov-07-16 Peligroso Patzer : <A post I made on Sep-23-16 on this page: Jakovenko vs Gelfand, 2015 came to mind this morning. I thought it might also be worthwhile to include it here:> Peligroso Patzer: <Prugno: This is the kind of finish that makes me want to agree with Nigel Short on changing the stalemate rule. A spectacular swindle by Gelfand, for sure, but by no means a fair result.> [from May-24-15] SirRuthless and Calar have already commented in support of the fairness of the result in this game, and I endorse their thoughts. With regard to the stalemate rule more generally, if a stalemate were a win, there would certainly be many more decisive results. For one thing, essentially every K + P vs. lone K ending would be a win (the only exception being positions in which the defending king could capture the pawn).

In many other cases with more material (especially other pawn endings), if a stalemate were made a decisive result, there would be a routine win in many positions in which under the current rule the position is either drawn or, if winnable, requires good - and sometimes highly refined - technique. I find the technical aspects of many of these endings extremely elegant. My bottom line on this issue is that the proposed change in the stalemate rule would, for the sake of increasing the number of decisive results and serving a faux sense of fairness, substantially undermine the incredible elegance of chess. I like Nigel Short (who, it goes without saying, is a hugely stronger player than I), and I often agree with his sometimes controversial ideas, but on this point I think he�s completely wrong. Dec-15-16 vonKrolock : Yes - well done GM Short! --- (but still on the stalemate question: Then we should distinguish between a 'rex solus' and a stalemate with other pieces of the paralised side!? - and how we would brake the Zugzwang law?

(Like my old pal and Your colleague GM Benko say: "This is not Chess") Dec-15-16 Lambda : Stalemate should clearly have a status somewhere in-between checkmate and a draw. That way you don't lose any richness from chess, because things like reducing a hopeless looking position to a king, bishop and wrong rooks pawn ending still have meaning, but you gain extra richness from stalemate conversion tasks and more positions containing something to play for, and the better player is more likely to get some reward. Dec-16-16 Octavia : well done, Nigel! you showed those youngsters a thing or too! I put it basically down to your addiction to 3 min chess - are you still practising on playchess? I haven't been there for a while. Lichess is free & easy for me. Meet the Legends | HOME OF U.S. CHAMPIONSHIP CHESS & THE COUNTRY’S TOP PLAYERS Meet the Legends Peak ranking No. 1 Garry Kasparov is one of chess’ finest living legends, widely considered to be the greatest player of all time.

He was crowned the 13th World Chess Champion in 1985 at age 22, the youngest in history to hold the global crown, and held the title for 15 years until 2000. Across that same span, Kasparov held his rank as the No. 1 rated player in the world for 20 consecutive years, up until his retirement from professional chess in 2005. His peak career rating of 2851, set in 2000, stood unbroken for 13 years until finally passed by the current World Champion Magnus Carlsen -- a former pupil of Kasparov. Born Garry Weinstein to a Jewish father and Armenian mother, Kasparov began playing chess at six years old and, at 12 in 1976, earned his first reputation as the Soviet Junior Champion. He was 15 when he played for his first Soviet Championship, the youngest ever to compete, and earned a plus score in the appearance. At 17 years old, Kasparov secured his first world title, becoming the World Junior Chess Champion at Dortmund, Germany in 1980.

Still a teenager in 1981, Kasparov won his first of two Soviet Championships, his first elite international tournament, and qualified for his first Candidates Tournament -- the youngest player to do so since Bobby Fischer (15). By 1984, Kasparov would become the youngest-ever Challenger for the world title and, at 22 years old in 1985, the youngest-ever World Chess Champion. His win over Anatoly Karpov kicked off an epic rivalry between the two through the 1980s, seeing Kasparov defend the world title in three separate matches through 1990. Karpov defended again over Nigel Short in 1993, and a fifth time against Viswanathan Anand in 1995. After a 15-year reign, Kasparov finally relinquished his throne to Vladmir Kramnik in 2000. Kasparov played in eight Olympiads over his career, losing only 3 of 82 games, and winning 19 medals -- including team gold in all eight of his appearances.

He also holds a record 15 consecutive tournament victories at from 1981-1990, halted by a second-place finish in Linares 1991; and has collected a record 11 Chess Oscars, awarded annually to the best chess player as voted by international chess journalists. Peak ranking No. 3 First garnering attention as a 10-year-old who defeated Viktor Korchnoi in a simul, the legendary Nigel Short was a true child prodigy who would grow to dominate English chess for the better end of the 20th century. A World top-100 player for most of his life -- and still there today, at 49, the oldest player in the elite category -- Short reached his career pinnacle as challenger for the 1993 World Chess Championship, when he qualified to play Garry Kasparov in London. Eventually a three-time British champion, Short became the youngest-ever competitor in his nation’s title event just days before his 12th birthday, and soon after tied for first at 14 years old in 1979.

He secured his International Master title later that year, the youngest in chess history to earn the inscription at the time, and eventually became the youngest Grandmaster in the world after earning the title at 19. In 1984, Short became Britain’s first-ever Candidate, qualifying three times until famously defeating former World Champion Anatoly Karpov in a semifinal match described as the “end of an era” in 1992. He followed with a finals win over Jan Timman, forever memorializing Short as the first English player to challenge for the 1993 World Chess Championship, though he ultimately lost the match to Kasparov. Throughout his illustrious career, Short has been a mainstay on the English national team, representing his nation at every Olympiad since 1984 and securing several individual and team medals in that span. His resume is filled with international tournament wins, including the Max Euwe Memorial in Amsterdam 1991 where he finished first over both Kasparov and Karpov; and more recently, back-to-back wins at the 2012 and 2013 Tradewise Gibraltar Chess Congresses, finishing a full point ahead of both fields.

Short has enjoyed many fine performances as a match player, against such names as Lev Alburt, Etienne Bacrot, Joel Benjamin, Anish Giri and Sergey Karjakin. In 2011 in Belgium, he narrowly lost a blitz match to Kasparov after dropping the final game. Nigel Short - Chess.com Chess.com Dec 2, 2010, 12:14 PM 3,836 Reads 5 Comments Nigel David Short MBE (born 1 June 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire) is often regarded as the strongest English chess player of the 20th century. He became a Grandmaster at age 19. He challenged for the World Chess Championship against Garry Kasparov at London 1993. Still active, Short continues to enjoy international success. He is also a chess columnist, coach and commentator. A chess prodigy, Short first attracted significant media attention, as a 10-year-old, by defeating Viktor Korchnoi in a simultaneous exhibition. In 1977 he became the youngest ever participant in the British Chess Championship by qualifying three days before his twelfth birthday.

Two years later, at the British Championship in Chester 1979, the 14-year-old tied for first place with John Nunn and Robert Bellin, earning his first IM norm. He became (at the time) the youngest International Master in chess history, by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/80 and thus breaking Bobby Fischer's record of 1958. Participating in four World Junior Championships (1980–1983), Short achieved his best result during his first attempt in which he placed second to Garry Kasparov in 1980 at Dortmund. He was awarded the grandmaster title in 1984, aged nineteen—becoming the youngest grandmaster in the world at that time. Short's assaults on the World Chess Championship title began in earnest in 1985 when he narrowly qualified from the Biel Interzonal to become Britain's first-ever candidate. He needed a playoff to advance past John van der Wiel and Eugenio Torre for the last berth, after the three had tied in regulation play.

The Montpellier Candidates Tournament brought Short little success, however, as he scored 7/15 to finish in tenth place. In the next cycle, he again qualified by winning the 1987 Subotica Interzonal with Jon Speelman. The Candidates stage had by this time reverted to its traditional match format: Short defeated Gyula Sax (+2=3) in Saint John, Canada, in 1988, but then unexpectedly lost (−2=3) to his countryman, Jon Speelman, in London. His next attempt was to prove his most successful. A last round victory over Mikhail Gurevich enabled Short to finish equal third with Vishwanathan Anand , behind Vassily Ivanchuk and Boris Gelfand , at the Manila Interzonal, thus qualifying as a Candidate for the third successive time. Defeating Gelfand (+4=2–2) in the 8/Final, he progressed to meet his former nemesis, Jon Speelman, in the quarters. This oscillating struggle went into extra-time in which the younger man eventually prevailed.

In the semi-final, in 1992, the Englishman overcame the legendary Russian Anatoly Karpov (+4=4–2) in a match that was described as "the end of an era." In the final, in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Short defeated Dutchman Jan Timman (+5=5–3) to earn the right to meet defending World Champion Garry Kasparov. According to Short and Kasparov, the head of the chess world's governing body FIDE, Florencio Campomanes, decided on the venue of the match (Manchester) and the prize fund without consulting them, in breach of FIDE rules. The British WIM and author Cathy Forbes, in her book Nigel Short: Quest for the Crown (Cadogan 1993), wrote that at no time in the 1993 bidding process was a conforming World Championship match bid actually received by FIDE. In response, Short and Kasparov promptly formed a rival organisation, the Professional Chess Association. The resulting match—sponsored by The Times newspaper—was held under the auspices of the new body in London, from September to October 1993.

Kasparov won convincingly (+6−1=13)- the largest margin of victory in a world title contest since Botvinnik defeated Tal in 1961. Short won the British Chess Championship in 1984, 1987, and 1998, and the English Championship in 1991. He was the Commonwealth Champion in 2004, 2006 (both Mumbai) and 2008 (Nagpur). He won the 2006 EU Individual Open Chess Championship in Liverpool and took a share of second place in the 2008 edition, when it was held there again. He has finished outright first, or tied for first, in dozens of other international. Arguably Short's finest performance came at the Amsterdam VSB tournament in 1991 when he tied for first place with Valery Salov ahead of both Kasparov and Karpov. Short's highest world ranking (third) was attained during January 1988 – July 1989. He reached his numerical peak Elo rating of 2712 in April 2004.

Nigel Short - Best Of Chess Best of chess Nigel Short Nigel Short Nigel Short was born on June 1, 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire United Kingdom. He was the second son of David Short. He grew up in Atherton and studied at Bolton School and Leigh College. He was a God gifted prodigy, at the age of 10 won against Viktor Korchnoi in an exhibition which caught the media’s attention. He was the youngest player who has qualified for the British Championship at the age of 11. On January 11 1980 at the age of 14, he earned his International Master title and was the youngest ever to earn that title in the history of chess. The title Grandmaster is awarded by FIDE. Nigel Short won this long life title in 1984 at the age of 19. When Nigel was14, he tied for 1st place in the British Championship of 1979 with John Nunn and Robert Belin earning his 1st IM norm. He also participated in the World Junior Championships from 1980 to 1993.

In 1993, he became the first English player to play a world chess championship match when he qualified to play against Garry Kasparov in London but lost. Throughout his career as a great professional chess player, Nigel Short has represented England in every Olympiad since 1984. He became the youngest International Master in the chess history by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier from1979 to 1980. Since 1984, he gained three victories in Dubai in 1986, three team silvers in 1984, 1986 and 1988 respectively. He has also won a team bronze medal (Novi Sad) in 1990. He won the British Chess Championships in 1984 and 1998 as well as the English Championship in1991. He won the Commonwealth Championship in 2004 by scoring 7.5/9, in 2006 (both held in Mumbai, India) by scoring 9/10, in 2008 by scoring 9.5/11 which was held in Nagpur, India.

He came 1st in the Commonwealth and South African Open Championship by scoring 7.5/9 in 2011. In 2006, he won the European Union Individual Championship held in Liver Pool, scoring 7.5/10 and took his share of the 2nd place in this championship from 2008. He also played the top board for London in the World Cities Team Championship held in December 2012. He was put among the top 10 chess players from July 1986 to January 1997. In August 2005, he was unanimously elected as the General Secretary of the Commonwealth Chess Association. He obtained the 1st place in Genève in 1979 and during the BBL Master Game in 1981, at AMSTERDAM OHRA in 1982. He came 1st in the British Championship from 2011 at the age of 46 but lost his tie breaker to Michael Adams. That year he lifted his rating back into the 2700 group.

According to the list of world chess federation (FIDE) Nigel Short was ranked as the 62nd player in the world. Currently he is doing his job as coach of young chess players and travels around the world to share his knowledge. The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short The United States Chess Federation Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short By Courtney Suthoff April 7, 2015 SAINT LOUIS (April 7, 2015) - World chess legends Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short will meet later this month for the first Battle of the Legends exhibition match, to be held in Saint Louis, the Chess Capital of the United States. On April 25-26, former World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov and famed English Grandmaster Nigel Short will play a series of blitz and rapid games at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis (CCSCSL), rekindling the duo's match at the 1993 World Chess Championship.

Kasparov is widely considered one of the greatest chess players of all-time, one of the youngest World Champions in history who held the world's No. 1 spot from 1985 until his retirement in 2005. Hailed a chess prodigy at the age of 10, Short was one of the youngest grandmasters in the world, earning the title at age 19 in 1984, and later became the first Englishman to compete for the World Chess Championship in 1993. "Rapid and blitz chess are - as the name suggests, fast and furious. The smallest mistake can ruin a strategy quickly," Kasparov said. "It's not often that I get to play Nigel and relive that moment on the chess world stage in 1993, and we're both excited to have Saint Louis as the venue for this exhibition.

An international spotlight has been shown on the city thanks to the efforts of the Chess Club and Scholastic Center, advancing chess through its combination of research, scholastic programs and these high-profile events and exhibitions." April's match at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis will feature 10 total games spanning over two days of play, each featuring one game with a rapid time control, and four games with the faster blitz time control. The entire event will be broadcast live on , featuring live commentary and analysis from a world-renowned commentary team. "We're honored to host two of the chess greats for this exhibition match," said Tony Rich, Executive Director of the CCSCSL. "Our work at the club is focused on raising awareness of chess and we can't think of a more distinguished match-up to do just that than Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short." For additional information visit saintlouischessclub.org , and follow the Chess Club on Facebook and Twitter . About The Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis The Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis is a non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization that is committed to making chess an important part of our community.

In addition to providing a forum for the community to play tournaments and casual games, the club also offers chess improvement classes, beginner lessons and special lectures. Recognizing the cognitive and behavioral benefits of chess, the Chess Club and Scholastic Center is committed to supporting those chess programs that already exist in area schools while encouraging the development of new in-school and after-school programs. For more information, visit . Nigel Short - Chess Player Nigel Short Chess Players Nigel Short Nigel Short is a British International Master best known for the World Champion title match between him an Gary Kasparov at the Savoy Theatre in London, 1993. From January 1988 to July 1989, Short was ranked third in the world by FIDE. Today, he still ranks as one of the worlds top-50 chess players. In addition to playing chess, Short also writes about chess for leading British newspapers. He has coached several young chess players, including David Howell, Segey Karjakin, Parimarjan Negi and Pendyala Harikrishna. In 2006- 2007, Short was the national coach of the Iranian chess team.

The team took bronze at the Asian Games in Qatar 2006, and in the (nine event) Asian Indoor Games in Macau 2007 the team capture one silver medal and two bronze. Short is an Honorary Fellow of the Bolton Institute of Higher Education, and has received an Honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Bolton. In 1999, he was awarded with an MBE (Order of the British Empire). Background Nigel David Short was born in Leigh, Lancashire, England on June 1, 1965. He grew up on Atherton and was educated at St Philip’s Primary School, Bolton School and Leigh College. His father founded the Artherton Chess Club, and Nigel was a member until he moved on to the Bolton Chess Club (which had rejected the seven year old Nigel due to his low age when he applied for membership the first time). When Short was just ten years old, he gained a lot of attention by defeating Russian grandmaster Viktor Korchnoi in a simultaneous exhibition. In 1977, Short qualified to the British Chess Championship three days before turning 12, making him the youngest participant ever.

Two years later, he tied for first place (with John Nunn and Robert Bellin) in the 1979 British Chess Championship in Chester. This earned him his first IM norm. When a 14 year old Short scored 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/1980, he became the youngest International Master in chess history, breaking Boddy Fischers record from 1958. (Short’s record has since been broken as well.) In 1980, Short placed second to Garry Kasparov in the World Junior Championships in Dortmund. In 1984, the 19 year old Short became the youngest grandmaster in the world (at the time). Chess career In 1985, Nigel Short qualified to the Candidates tournament from the Biel Interzonal. He was no Britain’s first-ever candidate. His most successful stab at the Championship title took place after qualifying to the Candidates tournament via the Manila Interzonal. In the semi-final (played in 1992), Short defeated former World Champion Anatoly Karpov in a match widely hailed as “the end of an era”.

In the final, Short beat the Netherland’s Jan Timman, thereby earning the right to challenge Garry Kasparov for the World Chess Champion title. When World Chess Federation (FIDE) head Florencio Campomanes, in breach of FIDE rules, decided on the location of the championship match as well as the size of the prize fund without consulting Short and Kasparov, the two broke away from FIDE and formed a rival organization – the Professional Chess Association. The Professional Chess Association arranged a match between Short and Kasparov in 1993, with a prize fund sponsored by The Times. It was played in London in September and October. Kasparov won wit the score +6−1=13. Short became secretary general for the Commonwealth Chess in 2005, and the organization’s president a year later. He stayed as president until January 2008. Since 2009, Short has been a FIDE delegate to the English Chess Federation. – A – Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short | HOME OF U.S.

CHAMPIONSHIP CHESS & THE COUNTRY’S TOP PLAYERS Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short Two of the world's living chess legends will compete in a Rapid and Blitz Exhibition at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis, on April 25-26, 2015, rekindling the duo's meeting at the 1993 World Chess Championship. SAINT LOUIS (April 7, 2015) – World chess legends Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short will meet later this month for the first Battle of the Legends exhibition match, to be held in Saint Louis, the Chess Capital of the United States. On April 25-26, former World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov and famed English Grandmaster Nigel Short will play a series of blitz and rapid games at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis (CCSCSL), rekindling the duo’s match at the 1993 World Chess Championship. Kasparov is widely considered one of the greatest chess players of all-time, one of the youngest World Champions in history who held the world’s No.

1 spot from 1985 until his retirement in 2005. Hailed a chess prodigy at the age of 10, Short was one of the youngest grandmasters in the world, earning the title at age 19 in 1984, and later became the first Englishman to compete for the World Chess Championship in 1993. “Rapid and blitz chess are - as the name suggests, fast and furious. The smallest mistake can ruin a strategy quickly,” Kasparov said. “It’s not often that I get to play Nigel and relive that moment on the chess world stage in 1993, and we’re both excited to have Saint Louis as the venue for this exhibition. An international spotlight has been shown on the city thanks to the efforts of the Chess Club and Scholastic Center, advancing chess through its combination of research, scholastic programs and these high-profile events and exhibitions.” April’s match at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis will feature 10 total games spanning over two days of play, each featuring one game with a rapid time control, and four games with the faster blitz time control.

The entire event will be broadcast live on , featuring live commentary and analysis from a world-renowned commentary team. “We’re honored to host two of the chess greats for this exhibition match,” said Tony Rich, Executive Director of the CCSCSL. “Our work at the club is focused on raising awareness of chess and we can’t think of a more distinguished match-up to do just that than Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short.” For additional information visit saintlouischessclub.org , and follow the Chess Club on Facebook and Twitter . Kasparov, Garry - Chess.com Chess.com 2,765 Reads 40 Comments Garry Kasparov, originally named Weinstein, was born on April 13, 1963. He is unainamously regarded as the greatest chess player of all time. In 1976, he was the strongest player in the world under age 13. He became a grandmaster at 17, the youngest Soviet champion at 18 and the youngest world champion at 22 years, 210 days.

In his first international tournament, Baku 1979, he exceeded the Grandmaster norm and took first place as an unrated player. His first FIDE rating was 2500. He became the World Junior Champion in 1980 and co-champion of the USSR in 1981. In 1987 he wrote his autobiography, Child of Change. In 1993 he founded the Professional Chess Association (PCA), which he said later was his biggest mistake. He was the first Soviet to do a Western commercial. In May, 1997 he lost a match with the chess computer. DEEP BLUE. In 1993 he broke away from FIDE and defeated Nigel Short for the PCA World Championship. In 2000 he lost his title to Vladimir Kramnik in the Braingames World Chess Championship, but continues to be the highest rated chess player in the world. His FIDE rating has been as high as 2849. He has been the world’s #1 rated player since 1984. In 1989 he was the first person to top 2800.

From 1981 to 1991 he did not lose a single chess event. He successfully defended his world chess championship title more times than any champion. His Pepsi ad, shown in the 2002 Superbowl, was nominated for an Oscar. From 1981 to 1990, Kasparov won 15 straight tournaments in a row. After winning Linares (but losing his last game to Topalov) in 2005, he announced his retirement from chess on March 10, 2005. His last FIDE rating was 2812. He is currently involved in Russian politics.

Question: Nigel Short was the youngest champion in which game in 1984?
Answer: Chess