Montmartre : Map (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki Wikipedia article: Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: Montmartre is a hill (the butte Montmartre) which is 130 meters high, giving its name to the surrounding district, in the north of Paris , a part of the Right Bank . Montmartre is primarily known for the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on its summit and as a nightclub district. The other, older, church on the hill is Saint Pierre de Montmartre , which claims to be the location at which the Jesuit order of priests was founded. Many artists had studios or worked around the community of Montmartre such as Salvador Dalí , Modigliani , Claude Monet , Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh . Montmartre is also the setting for several hit films. This site is served by metro line 2 stations of Anvers . Name origin The toponym Mons Martis ("Mount of Mars") survived into Merovingian times, Christianised as Montmartre, signifying 'mountain of the martyr'; it owes this name to the martyrdom of Saint Denis , who was decapitated on the hill around 250 AD.

Saint Denis was the Bishop of Paris and is the patron saint of France . The hill's religious symbolism is thought to be even older, as it has been suggested as a likely druidic holy place because it is the highest point in the area. No archeological evidence supports the claim. In the 18 and 19th centuries, there were a number of gypsum mines in Montmartre. A fossil tooth found in one of these was identified by Georges Cuvier as an extinct equine , which he dubbed Palaeotherium, the "ancient animal". His sketch of the entire animal in 1825 was matched by a skeleton discovered later. 19th century When Napoleon III and his city planner Baron Haussmann planned to make Paris the most beautiful city in Europe , a first step was to grant large sweeps of land near the centre of the city to Haussmann's friends and financial supporters. This drove the original inhabitants to the edges of the city — to the districts of Clichy , La Villette , and the hill with a view of the city, Montmartre. Russians occupied Montmartre when invading Paris. They used the altitude of the hill for artillery bombardment of the city.

There is a memorial sign on one of the restaurants on Montmartre that says: On 30 March 1814 - here the Cossacks first launched their famous "Bistro" and thus on this summit occurred the worthy ancestor of our Bistros . LE 30 MARS 1814 SYNDICAT D'INTIATIVE DU VIEUX MONTMARTRE Basilica of the Sacré Cœur, Montmartre, Paris. Since Montmartre was outside the city limits, free of Paris taxes and no doubt also due to the fact that the local nuns made wine, the hill quickly became a popular drinking area. The area developed into a centre of free-wheeling and decadent entertainment at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In the popular cabaret the Moulin Rouge The Basilica of the Sacré Cœur was built on Montmartre from 1876 to 1912 by public subscription as a gesture of expiation of the "crimes of the communards", after the Paris Commune events, and to honour the French victims of the 1871 Franco-Prussian War .

Its white dome is a highly visible landmark in the city, and just below it artists still set up their easels each day amidst the tables and colourful umbrellas of Place du Tertre . At the beginning of his political career, the future French statesman Georges Clemenceau (1841–1929) was mayor of Montmartre. Artists gather In the mid-1800s artists, such as Johan Jongkind and Camille Pissarro , came to inhabit Montmartre. By the end of the century, Montmartre and its counterpart on the Left Bank , Montparnasse , became the principal artistic centers of Paris. A restaurant opened near the old windmill near the top, the Moulin de la Galette . Pablo Picasso , Amedeo Modigliani , and other impoverished artists lived and worked in a commune , a building called Le Bateau-Lavoir during the years 1904–1909.

Artist associations such as Les Nabis and the Incoherents were formed and individuals including Vincent van Gogh , Pierre Brissaud , Alfred Jarry , Gen Paul , Jacques Villon , Raymond Duchamp-Villon , Henri Matisse , André Derain , Suzanne Valadon , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Edgar Degas , Maurice Utrillo , Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , Théophile Steinlen , and African-American "expatriates" such as Langston Hughes worked in Montmartre and drew some of their inspiration from the area. Composers, including Satie (who was a pianist at Le Chat Noir ), also lived in the area. The last of the bohemian Montmartre artists was Gen Paul (1895–1975), born in Montmartre and a friend of Utrillo. Paul's calligraphic expressionist lithographs, sometimes memorializing picturesque Montmartre itself, owe a lot to Raoul Dufy .

Contemporary Montmartre The stairs of Rue Foyatier In La Bohème (1965), perhaps the best-known song by popular singer-songwriter Charles Aznavour , a painter recalls his youthful years in a Montmartre that has ceased to exist: Je ne reconnais plus/Ni les murs, ni les rues/Qui ont vu ma jeunesse/En haut d'un escalier/Je cherche l'atelier/Dont plus rien ne subsiste/Dans son nouveau décor/Montmartre semble triste/Et les lilas sont morts ('I no longer recognize/Neither the walls nor the streets/That had seen my youth/At the top of a staircase/I look for a studio-apartment/Of which nothing survives/In its new décor/Montmartre seems sad/And the lilacs are dead'). The song is a farewell to what, according to Aznavour, were the last days of Montmartre as a site of bohemian activity.

The Dubstar song La Bohème, released as a filler track for the single "No More Talk", from the album Goodbye is remake of the French song in English, also as a wistful recollection of young adulthood spent in the Montmartre area. The Musée de Montmartre is in the house where the painter Maurice Utrillo lived and worked in a second-floor studio. The mansion in the garden at the back is the oldest hotel on Montmartre, and one of its first owners was Claude Roze, also known as Roze de Rosimond, who bought it in 1680. Roze was the actor who replaced Molière , and, like his predecessor, died on stage. The house was Pierre-Auguste Renoir 's first Montmartre address and many other names moved through the premises. Just off the top of the butte, Espace Dalí showcases surrealist artist Salvador Dalí 's work. Nearby, day and night, tourists visit such sights as the artists in Place du Tertre and the cabaret du Lapin Agile . Many renowned artists are buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre and the Cimetière Saint-Vincent .

Montmartre was the setting of the film La Môme , [English release title, La Vie En Rose] which elaborates the life of famous French singer Edith Piaf and her times in the slums of Paris, and of Amélie , the story of a young Parisian woman determined to help the lives of others and find her true love, is set in an exaggeratedly quaint version of contemporary Montmartre. 2001's Moulin Rouge! was also set here, the story of a young man who believes in truth, beauty, freedom, and love, and who falls in love with a famous courtesan. 1954's Moulin Rouge, solely about the life and lost loves of painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, also took place here. Montmartre is an officially designated historic district with limited development allowed in order to maintain its historic character. , operated by RATP , ascends the hill from the south while the Montmartre Bus circles the hill. Downhill to the southwest is the red-light district of Pigalle . That area is, today, largely known for a wide variety of sex shops and prostitutes . It also contains a great number of stores specializing in instruments for rock music.

There are also several concert halls, also used for rock music. Vineyard in the Rue Saint-Vincent; the day of the Feast of gardens, 15 days after harvest. is a small vineyard in the Rue Saint-Vincent, which continues the tradition of wine production in the Île de France; it yields about 500 litres per year. See also Montmartre : definition of Montmartre and synonyms of Montmartre (English) Location of Montmartre in Paris Montmartre ( French pronunciation: [mɔ̃.maʁtʁ] ) is a hill (the butte Montmartre) which is 130 metres high, giving its name to the surrounding district, in the north of Paris in the 18th arrondissement , a part of the Right Bank . Montmartre is primarily known for the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on its summit and as a nightclub district. The other, older, church on the hill is Saint Pierre de Montmartre , which claims to be the location at which the Jesuit order of priests was founded.

Many artists had studios or worked around the community of Montmartre such as Salvador Dalí , Amedeo Modigliani , Claude Monet , Piet Mondrian , Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh . Montmartre is also the setting for several hit films. This site is served by metro line 2 stations of Anvers , Pigalle and Blanche and the line 12 stations of Pigalle, Abbesses , Lamarck - Caulaincourt and Jules Joffrin . Contents 6.2 Bibliography Name origin The toponym Mons Martis ("Mount of Mars" in Latin) 'mountain of the martyr'; it owes this name to the martyrdom of Saint Denis ,who was decapitated on the hill around 250 AD. Saint Denis was the Bishop of Paris and is the patron saint of France. History Prehistory The hill's religious symbolism is thought to extend into prehistorical times, as it has been suggested as a likely druidic holy place because it is the highest point in the area. No archeological evidence supports the claim.

[1] 16th century During 1590 Siege of Paris , part of the French Wars of Religion , the hills at Montmartre were used by Henry IV to place his artillery where they could fire down into the city. The siege eventually failed when a large relief force approached and forced Henry to withdraw. 18th century In the 18th and 19th centuries, there were a number of gypsum mines in Montmartre. See Mines of Paris . A fossil tooth found in one of these was identified by Georges Cuvier as an extinct equine , which he dubbed Palaeotherium, the "ancient animal". His sketch of the entire animal in 1825 was matched by a skeleton discovered later. [2] 19th century Boulevard Montmartre. (1897), a painting by Camille Pissarro of the boulevard that led to Montmartre as seen from his hotel room. Russians occupied Montmartre when invading Paris in the course of the Battle of Paris (1814) . They used the altitude of the hill for artillery bombardment of the city.

[3] There is a memorial sign on one of the restaurants on Montmartre that says: On 30 March 1814 - here the Cossacks first launched their famous "Bistro" and thus on this summit occurred the worthy Ancestor of our Bistros . [4] LE 30 MARS 1814 SYNDICAT D'INTIATIVE DU VIEUX MONTMARTRE Basilica of the Sacré Cœur, Montmartre, Paris. Since Montmartre was outside the city limits, free of Paris taxes and no doubt also due to the fact that the local nuns made wine, the hill quickly became a popular drinking area. The area developed into a centre of free-wheeling and decadent entertainment at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. In the popular cabaret the Moulin Rouge , and at Le Chat Noir , artists, singers and performers regularly appeared including Yvette Guilbert , Marcelle Lender , Aristide Bruant , La Goulue , Georges Guibourg , Mistinguett , Fréhel , Jane Avril , Damia and others.

When Napoleon III and his city planner Baron Haussmann planned to make Paris the most beautiful city in Europe , a first step was to grant large sweeps of land near the centre of the city to Haussmann's friends and financial supporters. This drove the original inhabitants to the edges of the city — to the districts of Clichy , La Villette , and the hill with a view of the city, Montmartre. The Basilica of the Sacré Cœur was built on Montmartre from 1876 to 1912 by public subscription as a gesture of expiation of the "crimes of the communards", after the Paris Commune events, and to honour the French victims of the 1871 Franco-Prussian War . Its white dome is a highly visible landmark in the city, and just below it artists still set up their easels each day amidst the tables and colourful umbrellas of Place du Tertre .

At the beginning of his political career, the future French statesman Georges Clemenceau (1841–1929) was mayor of Montmartre.[ citation needed ] Artists gather Théophile Steinlen's famous advertisement for the tour of Le Chat Noir cabaret In the mid-19th century, artists such as Johan Jongkind and Camille Pissarro came to inhabit Montmartre. But only at the end of the century did the district become the principal artistic center of Paris. A restaurant opened near the old windmill near the top, the Moulin de la Galette . Artists' associations such as Les Nabis and the Incoherents were formed and individuals including Vincent van Gogh , Pierre Brissaud , Alfred Jarry , Gen Paul , Jacques Villon , Raymond Duchamp-Villon , Henri Matisse , André Derain , Suzanne Valadon , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Edgar Degas , Maurice Utrillo , Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , Théophile Steinlen , and African-American expatriates such as Langston Hughes worked in Montmartre and drew some of their inspiration from the area.

Pablo Picasso , Amedeo Modigliani , and other impoverished artists lived and worked in a commune , a building called Le Bateau-Lavoir , during the years 1904–1909. Composers, including Satie (who was a pianist at Le Chat Noir ), also lived in the area. The last of the bohemian Montmartre artists was Gen Paul (1895–1975), born in Montmartre and a friend of Utrillo. Paul's calligraphic expressionist lithographs, sometimes memorializing picturesque Montmartre itself, owe a lot to Raoul Dufy .

Contemporary Montmartre The stairs of the Rue Foyatier In La Bohème (1965), perhaps the best-known song by popular singer-songwriter Charles Aznavour , a painter recalls his youthful years in a Montmartre that has ceased to exist: Je ne reconnais plus/Ni les murs, ni les rues/Qui ont vu ma jeunesse/En haut d'un escalier/Je cherche l'atelier/Dont plus rien ne subsiste/Dans son nouveau décor/Montmartre semble triste/Et les lilas sont morts ('I no longer recognize/Neither the walls nor the streets/That had seen my youth/At the top of a staircase/I look for a studio-apartment/Of which nothing survives/In its new décor/Montmartre seems sad/And the lilacs died'). The song is a farewell to what, according to Aznavour, were the last days of Montmartre as a site of bohemian activity. Vineyard in the Rue Saint-Vincent; the day of the Feast of gardens, 15 days after harvest.

There is a small vineyard in the Rue Saint-Vincent, which continues the tradition of wine production in the Île de France; it yields about 500 litres per year. [5] The Musée de Montmartre is in the house where the painter Maurice Utrillo lived and worked in a second-floor studio. The mansion in the garden at the back is the oldest hotel on Montmartre, and one of its first owners was Claude Roze, also known as Roze de Rosimond, who bought it in 1680. Roze was the actor who replaced Molière , and, like his predecessor, died on stage. The house was Pierre-Auguste Renoir 's first Montmartre address and many other names moved through the premises. Just off the top of the butte, Espace Dalí showcases surrealist artist Salvador Dalí 's work. Nearby, day and night, tourists visit such sights as the artists in Place du Tertre and the cabaret du Lapin Agile . Many renowned artists are buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre and the Cimetière Saint-Vincent .

Montmartre was the setting of the film La Môme , (La vie en rose) which elaborates on the life of famous French singer Edith Piaf and her times in the slums of Paris, and of Amélie , the story of a young Parisian woman determined to help the lives of others and find her true love, is set in an exaggeratedly quaint version of contemporary Montmartre. 2001's Moulin Rouge! was also set in Montmartre, the story of a young man who believes in truth, beauty, freedom, and love, and who falls in love with a famous courtesan. 1954's Moulin Rouge , solely about the life and lost loves of painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , also took place in the district. Montmartre is an officially designated historic district with limited development allowed in order to maintain its historic character. A funicular railway, the Funiculaire de Montmartre , operated by RATP , ascends the hill from the south while the Montmartre Bus circles the hill. Downhill to the southwest is the red-light district of Pigalle .

That area is, today, largely known for a wide variety of stores specializing in instruments for rock music. There are also several concert halls, also used for rock music. The actual Moulin Rouge theatre is also in Pigalle, next to Blanche métro station. See also References Notes ^ Young (1978:312) reports of Saint Pierre de Montmartre , the oldest institution on the butte "Though we know that impressive vestiges of antique walls stood into modern times, archaeological testimony is meagre." ^ Knell, Simon J.; Suzanne Macleod; Sheila E. R. Watson, Museum revolutions: how museums and change and are changed Routledge, 2007, ISBN 0-415-44467-5 , ISBN 978-0-415-44467-5 . ^ Leonid Parfyonov (2004). Russian Empire: Vol. 2, Disk 4, Part 2 ( Alexander I ) (DVD). Russia: NTV . Event occurs at 00:27:40. ^ Leonid Parfyonov (2004). Russian Empire: Vol.

2, Disk 4, Part 2 ( Alexander I ) (DVD). Russia: NTV . Event occurs at 00:28:53. ^ Information on the Clos Montmartre by Syndicat d'Initiative , retrieved 2008-09-26 Bibliography Vie quotidienne a Montmartre au temps de Picasso, 1900-1910 (Daily Life on Montmartre in the Times of Picasso) was written by Jean-Paul Crespelle , an author-historian who specialized in the artistic life of Montmartre and Montparnasse. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Montmartre Montmartre : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Quartier Pigalle Did you know ...

Montmartre seen from the centre Georges Pompidou Montmartre Location of Montmartre in Paris Montmartre is a hill (the butte Montmartre) which is 130 meters high, giving its name to the surrounding district, in the north of Paris in the 18th arrondissement , a part of the Right Bank . Montmartre is primarily known for the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on its summit and as a nightclub district. The other, older, church on the hill is Saint Pierre de Montmartre , which claims to be the location at which the Jesuit order of priests was founded. Many artists had studios or worked around the community of Montmartre such as Salvador Dalí , Modigliani , Claude Monet , Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh . Montmartre is also the setting for several hit films. This site is served by metro line 2 stations of Anvers , Pigalle and Blanche and the line 12 stations of Pigalle, Abbesses , Lamarck - Caulaincourt and Jules Joffrin .

Contents 7 External links Name origin The toponym Mons Martis ("Mount of Mars") survived into Merovingian times, Christianised as Montmartre, [1] signifying 'mountain of the martyr'; it owes this name to the martyrdom of Saint Denis , [2] who was decapitated on the hill around 250 AD. Saint Denis was the Bishop of Paris and is the patron saint of France . The hill's religious symbolism is thought to be even older, as it has been suggested as a likely druidic holy place because it is the highest point in the area. No archeological evidence supports the claim. [3] In the 18 and 19th centuries, there were a number of gypsum mines in Montmartre. A fossil tooth found in one of these was identified by Georges Cuvier as an extinct equine , which he dubbed Palaeotherium, the "ancient animal". His sketch of the entire animal in 1825 was matched by a skeleton discovered later. [4] 19th century Boulevard Montmartre.

(1897), a painting by Camille Pissarro of the boulevard that led to Montmartre as seen from his hotel room. When Napoleon III and his city planner Baron Haussmann planned to make Paris the most beautiful city in Europe , a first step was to grant large sweeps of land near the centre of the city to Haussmann's friends and financial supporters. This drove the original inhabitants to the edges of the city — to the districts of Clichy , La Villette , and the hill with a view of the city, Montmartre. Russians occupied Montmartre when invading Paris. They used the altitude of the hill for artillery bombardment of the city. [5] There is a memorial sign on one of the restaurants on Montmartre that says: On 30 March 1814 - here the Cossacks first launched their famous "Bistro" and thus on this summit occurred the worthy ancestor of our Bistros . [6] LE 30 MARS 1814 SYNDICAT D'INTIATIVE DU VIEUX MONTMARTRE Basilica of the Sacré Cœur, Montmartre, Paris.

Since Montmartre was outside the city limits, free of Paris taxes and no doubt also due to the fact that the local nuns made wine, the hill quickly became a popular drinking area. The area developed into a centre of free-wheeling and decadent entertainment at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In the popular cabaret the Moulin Rouge , and at Le Chat Noir , artists, singers and performers regularly appeared including Yvette Guilbert , Marcelle Lender , Aristide Bruant , La Goulue , Georges Guibourg , Mistinguett , Fréhel , Jane Avril , Damia and others. The Basilica of the Sacré Cœur was built on Montmartre from 1876 to 1912 by public subscription as a gesture of expiation of the "crimes of the communards", after the Paris Commune events, and to honour the French victims of the 1871 Franco-Prussian War . Its white dome is a highly visible landmark in the city, and just below it artists still set up their easels each day amidst the tables and colourful umbrellas of Place du Tertre .

At the beginning of his political career, the future French statesman Georges Clemenceau (1841–1929) was mayor of Montmartre. Artists gather Théophile Steinlen's famous advertisement for the tour of Le Chat Noir cabaret In the mid-1800s artists, such as Johan Jongkind and Camille Pissarro , came to inhabit Montmartre. By the end of the century, Montmartre and its counterpart on the Left Bank , Montparnasse , became the principal artistic centers of Paris. A restaurant opened near the old windmill near the top, the Moulin de la Galette . Pablo Picasso , Amedeo Modigliani , and other impoverished artists lived and worked in a commune , a building called Le Bateau-Lavoir during the years 1904–1909.

Artist associations such as Les Nabis and the Incoherents were formed and individuals including Vincent van Gogh , Pierre Brissaud , Alfred Jarry , Gen Paul , Jacques Villon , Raymond Duchamp-Villon , Henri Matisse , André Derain , Suzanne Valadon , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Edgar Degas , Maurice Utrillo , Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , Théophile Steinlen , and African-American "expatriates" such as Langston Hughes worked in Montmartre and drew some of their inspiration from the area. Composers, including Satie (who was a pianist at Le Chat Noir ), also lived in the area. The last of the bohemian Montmartre artists was Gen Paul (1895–1975), born in Montmartre and a friend of Utrillo. Paul's calligraphic expressionist lithographs, sometimes memorializing picturesque Montmartre itself, owe a lot to Raoul Dufy . Contemporary Montmartre The view from the butte looking towards Centre Georges Pompidou The Montmartre "petit train" doing its rounds near the Moulin Rouge cabaret .

The stairs of Rue Foyatier In La Bohème (1965), perhaps the best-known song by popular singer-songwriter Charles Aznavour , a painter recalls his youthful years in a Montmartre that has ceased to exist: Je ne reconnais plus/Ni les murs, ni les rues/Qui ont vu ma jeunesse/En haut d'un escalier/Je cherche l'atelier/Dont plus rien ne subsiste/Dans son nouveau décor/Montmartre semble triste/Et les lilas sont morts ('I no longer recognize/Neither the walls nor the streets/That had seen my youth/At the top of a staircase/I look for a studio-apartment/Of which nothing survives/In its new décor/Montmartre seems sad/And the lilacs are dead'). The song is a farewell to what, according to Aznavour, were the last days of Montmartre as a site of bohemian activity. The Musée de Montmartre is in the house where the painter Maurice Utrillo lived and worked in a second-floor studio.

The mansion in the garden at the back is the oldest hotel on Montmartre, and one of its first owners was Claude Roze, also known as Roze de Rosimond, who bought it in 1680. Roze was the actor who replaced Molière , and, like his predecessor, died on stage. The house was Pierre-Auguste Renoir 's first Montmartre address and many other names moved through the premises. Just off the top of the butte, Espace Dalí showcases surrealist artist Salvador Dalí 's work. Nearby, day and night, tourists visit such sights as the artists in Place du Tertre and the cabaret du Lapin Agile . Many renowned artists are buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre and the Cimetière Saint-Vincent . Montmartre was the setting of the film La Môme , (La vie en rose) which elaborates on the life of famous French singer Edith Piaf and her times in the slums of Paris, and of Amélie , the story of a young Parisian woman determined to help the lives of others and find her true love, is set in an exaggeratedly quaint version of contemporary Montmartre.

2001's Moulin Rouge! was also set in Montmartre, the story of a young man who believes in truth, beauty, freedom, and love, and who falls in love with a famous courtesan. 1954's Moulin Rouge , solely about the life and lost loves of painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , also took place in the district. Montmartre is an officially designated historic district with limited development allowed in order to maintain its historic character. A funicular railway, the Funiculaire de Montmartre , operated by RATP , ascends the hill from the south while the Montmartre Bus circles the hill. Downhill to the southwest is the red-light district of Pigalle . That area is, today, largely known for a wide variety of stores specializing in instruments for rock music. There are also several concert halls, also used for rock music. Vineyard in the Rue Saint-Vincent; the day of the Feast of gardens, 15 days after harvest. There is a small vineyard in the Rue Saint-Vincent, which continues the tradition of wine production in the Île de France; it yields about 500 litres per year.

[7] See also References Notes ^ Bailey K. Young, "Archaeology in an Urban Setting: Excavations at Saint-Pierre-de-Montmartre, Paris, 1975-1977" Journal of Field Archaeology 5.3 (Autumn 1978:319-329) p 321: "The tradition that a Temple of Mars stood on the south bluff and a Temple of Mercury farther west was known to Eatly Modern érudits. ^ The "place called the mont of Mars, now by a happy mutation known as the Mont of Martyrs", Miracles of Saint Denis (831) quoted in Young 1978:321 note5. ^ Young (1978:312) reports of Saint Pierre de Montmartre , the oldest institution on the butte "Though we know that impressive vestiges of antique walls stood into modern times, archaeological testimony is meagre." ^ Knell, Simon J.; Suzanne Macleod; Sheila E. R.

Watson, Museum revolutions: how museums and change and are changed Routledge, 2007, ISBN 0415444675, 9780415444675. ^ Leonid Parfyonov . (2004). Russian Empire: Vol. 2, Disk 4, Part 2 ( Alexander I ). [DVD]. Russia: NTV . Event occurs at 00:27:40. ^ Leonid Parfyonov . (2004). Russian Empire: Vol. 2, Disk 4, Part 2 ( Alexander I ). [DVD]. Russia: NTV . Event occurs at 00:28:53. ^ Information on the Clos Montmartre by Syndicat d'Initiative , retrieved 2008-09-26 Bibliography Vie quotidienne a Montmartre au temps de Picasso, 1900-1910 (Daily Life on Montmartre in the Times of Picasso) was written by Jean-Paul Crespelle , an author-historian who specialized in the artistic life of Montmartre and Montparnasse.

External links France Paris Montmartre & Sacre Coeur Links The Places in Paris I like to visit With about 42 million tourists annually in the city and its suburbs, Paris is the most visited city in the world. The city and its region contain 3,800 historical monuments and four UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is of not surprise that I also like to visit Paris and each time I am there I can find new places that I have no seen yet and that I find attractive. Let show me a few of them. Montmartre and Basilique du Sacré Cœur Montmartre is a hill which is 129 meters high, giving its name to the surrounding district, in the north of Paris in the 18th arrondissement, a part of the Right Bank. Montmartre is primarily known for the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on its summit and as a nightclub district. The other, older, church on the hill is Saint Pierre de Montmartre, which claims to be the location at which the Jesuit order of priests was founded.

Many artists had studios or worked around the community of Montmartre such as Salvador Dalí, Amedeo Modigliani, Claude Monet, Piet Mondrian, Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh. Montmartre is also the setting for several hit films. This site is served by metro line 2 stations of Anvers, Pigalle and Blanche and the line 12 stations of Pigalle, Abbesses, Lamarck - Caulaincourt and Jules Joffrin. Montmartre The Montmartre hill's religious symbolism is thought to extend into prehistorical times, as it has been suggested as a likely holy place because it is the highest point in the area. No archeological evidence supports the claim. During 1590 Siege of Paris, part of the French Wars of Religion, the hills at Montmartre were used by Henry IV to place his artillery where they could fire down into the city. The siege eventually failed when a large relief force approached and forced Henry to withdraw. In the 18th and 19th centuries, there were a number of gypsum mines in Montmartre. See Mines of Paris.

A fossil tooth found in one of these was identified by Georges Cuvier as an extinct horse, which he dubbed Palaeotherium, the "ancient animal". His sketch of the entire animal in 1825 was matched by a skeleton discovered later. Russians occupied Montmartre when invading Paris in the course of the Battle of Paris in 1814. They used the altitude of the hill for artillery bombardment of the city. There is a memorial sign on one of the restaurants on Montmartre that says: On 30 March 1814 - here the Cossacks first launched their famous "Bistro" and thus on this summit occurred the worthy Ancestor of our Bistros. Since Montmartre was outside the city limits, free of Paris taxes and no doubt also due to the fact that the local nuns made wine, the hill quickly became a popular drinking area. The area developed into a centre of free-wheeling and decadent entertainment at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. In the popular cabaret the Moulin Rouge, and at Le Chat Noir, artists, singers and performers regularly appeared.

When Napoleon III and his city planner Baron Haussmann planned to make Paris the most beautiful city in Europe, a first step was to grant large sweeps of land near the centre of the city to Haussmann's friends and financial supporters. This drove the original inhabitants to the edges of the city to the districts of Clichy, La Villette, and the hill with a view of the city, Montmartre. Downhill to the southwest is the red-light district of Pigalle. That area is, today, largely known for a wide variety of stores specializing in instruments for rock music. There are also several concert halls, also used for rock music. The actual Moulin Rouge theatre is also in Pigalle, next to Blanche métro station. Basilique du Sacré Cœur The Basilique du Sacré Cœur of Paris is a Roman Catholic Church and minor basilica, dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, in Paris, France. A popular landmark, the basilica is located at the summit of the butte Montmartre, the highest point in the city.

Sacré-Cœur is a double monument, political and cultural, both a national penance for the supposed excesses of the Second Empire and socialist Paris Commune of 1871 crowning its most rebellious neighborhood, and an embodiment of conservative moral order. It is dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, which was an increasingly popular vision of a loving and sympathetic Christ. The inspiration for Sacré Cœur's design originated in the wake of the division in French society that arose in the decades following the French Revolution, between devout Catholics and legitimist royalists on one side, and democrats, secularists, socialists and radicals on the other. This schism became particularly pronounced after the Franco-Prussian War and the ensuing uprising of the Paris Commune of 1870-71. Though today the Basilica is asserted to be dedicated in honor of the 58,000 who lost their lives during the war, the decree of the Assemblée nationale, 24 July 1873, responding to a request by the archbishop of Paris by voting its construction specifies that it is to "expiate the crimes of the Commune".

Montmartre had been the site of the Commune's first insurrection. A law of public utility was passed to seize land at the summit of Montmartre for the construction of the basilica. Architect Paul Abadie designed the basilica after winning a competition over 77 other architects. With delays in assembling the property, the foundation stone was finally laid 16 June 1875. Passionate debates concerning the Basilica were raised in the Conseil Municipal in 1880, where the Basilica was called "an incessant provocation to civil war" and it was debated whether to rescind the law of 1873 granting property rights, an impracticable proposition. The matter reached the Chamber of Deputies in the summer of 1882, in which the Basilica was defended by Archbishop Guibert while Georges Clemenceau argued that it sought to stigmatize the Revolution.

From the left, Stations 1 & 2 of the Way of the Cross, General view on Basilique Sacre Coeur, Inside the Basilique Sacre Coeur Sacré-Cœur is built of travertine stone quarried in Château-Landon of Seine-et-Marne, France. This stone constantly exudes calcite, which ensures that the basilica remains white even with weathering and pollution. A mosaic in the apse, entitled Christ in Majesty, is among the largest in the world. The basilica complex includes a garden for meditation, with a fountain. The top of the dome is open to tourists and affords a spectacular panoramic view of the city of Paris, which is mostly to the south of the basilica. The use of cameras and video recorders is forbidden inside the Basilica.

Left, Cavaillé-Coll orgels at Sacre Coeur, right, mosaic of Jesus with open hart above the main altar The basilica is home to a large and very fine pipe organ built by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll for a private home in Biarritz, composed of 109 ranks and 78 speaking stops spread across four 61-note manuals and the 32-note pedal-board, spread across three expressive. The organ was ahead of its time, containing multiple expressive divisions and giving the performer considerable advantages over other even larger instruments of the day.

Question: Which place, used by Russians in 1814 to bombard Paris, became a popular entertainment area in the 19th and 20th centuries, outside the city limits, free of Paris taxes (and where the local nuns made wine)?
Answer: Montmartre