Interesting Facts About Bell Rock Lighthouse - Fun Facts About Bell Rock Lighthouse North Sea Scotland Location: Inchcape, offshore Arbroath, Scotland Built In: 1807-1810 Historical Importance: It is the world’s oldest, surviving, sea-washed lighthouse. Fun & Interesting Facts about Bell Rock Lighthouse Bell Rock Lighthouse is situated in the North Sea, perched on top of Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape). The Lighthouse lies 12 miles (18 km) off the coast of Angus, Scotland, east of the Firth of Tay. Bell Rock Lighthouse was built by Scottish engineer - Robert Stevenson, between 1807 and 1810. The lamp of the Lighthouse was first lit on 1st February 1811. Bell Rock Lighthouse is the oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse in the whole world. The construction for this lighthouse happened at a very slow pace. In a course of two years, the tower only stood at a height of 6 feet. The Lighthouse towers up to a height of 35 m high, with its light being visible from 35 statute miles (55 km) inland.

The masonry work under Bell Rock Lighthouse has not been replaced or adapted even once in almost 200 years of its existence. The lamps and reflectors of the Lighthouse were replaced in 1843. Bell Rock Signal Tower was constructed in 1813, at the mouth of Arbroath harbor. Bell Rock Signal Tower presently houses Signal Tower Museum, where one can find about the history of the lighthouse. The Lighthouse is similar, to a certain extent, to Eddystone Lighthouse, designed by John Smeaton. However, Stevenson’s design had a 40-degree slope to the original design of the Eddystone Lighthouse, which happened to be a crucial alteration—without this, the lighthouse would have collapsed during a violent sea storm. A total of about 2500 Aberdeen granite stones were used in the construction of the Bell Rock Lighthouse. To source these unique stones, Stevenson, with around 35 other artificers, set sail to acquire these granite stones in 1807. The Lighthouse is the last sea tower to be built in the days of sail.

Scottish engineer - John Rennie was the Chief Engineer of the Lighthouse, who visited it only twice during the entire period of construction. The construction of the Bell Rock Lighthouse could only take place during summer, as the tides were low. Most of the time, the builders, the artificers and Stevenson, were constantly seasick and worked laboriously to build this lighthouse through grim, squally nights and chilly, freezing water. The first stone of Bell Rock Lighthouse was laid on July 9, 1808. The working of the Lighthouse has been automated since 1998. Stevenson elaborated on the design of the lighthouse, using state-of-the-art-technology and oil lighting technology to create the brightest beacon, the world had ever seen. At the time, the project cost Stevenson, a whopping 42,685 Sterling Pounds.

How to Cite Bell Rock Lighthouse in Arbroath, United Kingdom (Google Maps) - Virtual Globetrotting Arbroath , United Kingdom (GB) Bell Rock Lighthouse is the world's oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse and was built on Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape Rock) in the North Sea, 12 miles (18 km) off the coast of Angus, Scotland, east of the Firth of Tay (56°26.052′N 2°23.236′W). The rock was the scene of many shipwrecks as it lies just below the surface of the sea for all but a few hours at low tide. According to legend, the rock is called Bell Rock because of 14th century attempt by the abbot from Arbroath to install a warning bell on it. The bell lasted only one year until it was removed by a Dutch pirate. This story is immortalised in The Inchcape Rock, a famous poem by 19th century poet Robert Southey. By the turn of the 18th century, it was estimated that the rocks were responsible for the wrecking of up to six ships every winter 1.

In one storm alone, 70 ships were lost off the east coast of Scotland. The Scottish engineer Robert Stevenson had earlier proposed in 1799 the construction of a lighthouse on Bell Rock, but cost concerns and the relative radicality of his proposal caused it to be shelved. However, the loss of the warship HMS York and all on board in 1804 resulted in a furore in Parliament which eventually led to legislation being passed in 1806 enabling construction to begin. The lighthouse was built by Stevenson between 1807 and 1810. The lamp was first lit on 1st February, 1811. The design has some similarities to the earlier Eddystone Lighthouse designed by John Smeaton which was also built on an offshore reef using interlocking stones, but also newer features, such as rotating lights, with alternating red and white lights. Standing at 35 m high, the light is visible from 35 statute miles (55 km) inland. The working of the lighthouse has been automated since 1998.

Later, the Chief Engineer on the project John Rennie had disputed the amount of credit that Stevenson had in the part of the design -- Rennie had claimed that Stevenson's curve on the base of the lighthouse was inappropriate, though Stevenson had created the earlier designs based on the Eddystone. The lighthouse operated in tandem with a shore station, the Bell Rock Signal Tower, built in 1813 at the mouth of Arbroath harbour. Today this building houses the Signal Tower Museum, a visitor centre detailing the history of the lighthouse. The challenges faced in the building of the lighthouse have led to it being described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World. Google Maps About: Bell Rock Lighthouse About: Bell Rock Lighthouse An Entity of Type : tower , from Named Graph : , within Data Space : dbpedia.org The Bell Rock Lighthouse, off the coast of Angus, Scotland, is the world's oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse. It was built between 1807 and 1810 by Robert Stevenson on the Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape) in the North Sea, 11 miles (18 km) east of the Firth of Tay.

Standing 35 metres (115 ft) tall, its light is visible from 35 statute miles (56 km) inland.The challenges faced in the building of the lighthouse have led to it being described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World. Property منارة بيل روك (بالإنجليزية:Bell Rock Lighthouse) ( منارة صخرة الجرس ) هي أقدم منارة بحرية عاملة على الإطلاق أسست ببيل روك, أنغس, اسكتلندا بالضبط في بحر الشمال وتقع على بعد 18 كم من الساحل. أسسها المهندس "روبيرت ستيفنسون".وهو بناء مُدرج بالدرجة الأولى. (ar) Der Leuchtturm Bell Rock ist der älteste noch existierende Leuchtturm, der auf einem Felsen in der Nordsee steht. Er befindet sich 16,2 km südöstlich der Küste bei Arbroath im schottischen Verwaltungsgebiet Angus auf dem untermeerischen Felsen Bell Rock.

Der Felsen war der Ort zahlreicher Schiffsunglücke, da er im Schifffahrtsweg zur schottischen Stadt Dundee liegt und nur bei Ebbe für drei bis vier Stunden über die Wasseroberfläche hinausragt. Der Felsen trägt den Namen Bell Rock, nachdem Mönche versucht hatten, herannahende Schiffe durch eine Glocke zu warnen. Der Glockenturm überdauerte jedoch in der stürmischen Nordsee nur ein Jahr. Der Leuchtturm wurde von dem schottischen Ingenieur Robert Stevenson errichtet, im Jahr 1811 fertiggestellt und ist am 1. Februar 1811 in Betrieb gegangen. Er gehörte zu den ersten Leuchttürmen, die mit rotierenden Lichtsignalen ausgerüstet waren. Der Leuchtturm hat eine Höhe von 35 Metern. Seit 1998 ist er unbemannt. Der Turm untersteht dem Northern Lighthouse Board. (de) The Bell Rock Lighthouse, off the coast of Angus, Scotland, is the world's oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse.

It was built between 1807 and 1810 by Robert Stevenson on the Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape) in the North Sea, 11 miles (18 km) east of the Firth of Tay. Standing 35 metres (115 ft) tall, its light is visible from 35 statute miles (56 km) inland. The masonry work on which the lighthouse rests was constructed to such a high standard that it has not been replaced or adapted in 200 years. The lamps and reflectors were replaced in 1843 and used in the lighthouse at Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, where they are currently on display. The working of the lighthouse has been automated since 1988. The lighthouse operated in tandem with a shore station, the Bell Rock Signal Tower, built in 1813 at the mouth of Arbroath harbour. Today this building houses the Signal Tower Museum, a visitor centre detailing the history of the lighthouse. The challenges faced in the building of the lighthouse have led to it being described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World.

(en) Le phare de Bell Rock est le plus vieux phare de mer du monde toujours en activité aujourd'hui, après celui de Cordouan. Il se trouve en mer du Nord au large de l'Écosse. Sa construction, par Robert Stevenson (le grand-père du célèbre écrivain), au début du XIXe siècle, fut épique. Il a été construit sur Bell Rock (aussi connue sous le nom de Inchcape) en mer du Nord, 12 milles (18 km) au large de la côte d'Angus, en Écosse, à l'est de l'estuaire de la Tay. Avec une hauteur de 35 m, sa lumière est visible à 35 milles (55 km). La qualité de la maçonnerie sur laquelle repose le phare est telle qu'il n'a pas eu besoin de réparation ou adaptation depuis près de 200 ans.

Les lampes et réflecteurs ont été remplacés en 1843, l'équipement d'origine est remonté dans le phare du cap Bonavista, à Terre-Neuve, où il est toujours en activité. Le fonctionnement du phare a été automatisé depuis 1988. Le phare fonctionne en tandem avec une station côtière, la Bell Rock Signal Tower, construite en 1813 à l'embouchure du port d'Arbroath. Aujourd'hui, ce bâtiment abrite le Signal Tower Museum, un centre d'accueil des visiteurs sur l'histoire du phare. Les défis à relever pour la construction du phare ont conduit à ce qu'il soit décrit comme une des Sept Merveilles du monde industriel.

(fr) El Faro de Bell Rock (en inglés: Bell Rock Lighthouse) es un faro situado sobre el arrecife de Bell Rock, también llamado Inchcape, en el Mar del Norte, 18 km mar adentro, al este del Fiordo de Tay, enfrente de la localidad de Arbroath, en el consejo (council area) de Angus, Escocia, Reino Unido. Fue construido entre 1807 y 1810 y entró en funcionamiento el 1 de febrero de 1811. Es el segundo más antiguo situado mar adentro todavía en operación, detrás del faro de Cordouan, en Francia, y no ha sido remozado ni adaptado desde que fue construido.

Fue propuesto y diseñado por el ingeniero civil Robert Stevenson, aunque el Northern Lighthouse Board, el organismo regulador de las ayudas a la navegación de Escocia y la isla de Man, finalmente encargó la construcción al ingeniero de dicha institución John Rennie quién nombró a Stevenson su ingeniero residente, por lo que este último fue quien siguió realmente las obras. Ambos discutieron sobre a quien le correspondía realmente la autoría del faro, siendo Robert Stevenson el que es recordado como autor del mismo. El faro trabajaba en conjunción con una base de operaciones en tierra firme, la Torre de Señales de Bell Rock (en inglés: Bell Rock Signal Tower), en Arbroath, en la que se encontraba un sistema de señales para comunicarse con el faro. Hoy en día alberga al Museo Signal Tower que expone objetos relacionados con la localidad de Arbroath y también objetos relacionados con el faro.

En 2011 se celebró el segundo centenario del faro, organizado por el Northern Lighthouse Board, en el que se involucraron museos, galerías y otras instituciones de Escocia. (es) Latarnia morska Bell Rock – najstarsza na Wyspach Brytyjskich latarnia morska usytuowana na rafie, zwanej także Inchcape. Położona jest 18 km od wybrzeży Angus na Morzu Północnym oraz 18 km na wschód od wejścia do zatoki Firth of Tay. Latarnia została wpisana w 1998 roku na listę zabytków kategorii A Historic Scotland pod numerem 45197. Obiekt znajduje się także na liście Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland pod numerem NO72NE 1.

(pl) 56°26.052′N 2°23.236′W貝爾燈塔（Bell Rock Lighthouse）是现存最古老的离岸灯塔，位于北海海面上的貝爾礁石（又名英開普礁石）之上，距离蘇格蘭安格斯的海岸约18千米。1813年啟用，1998年全面自動化。涨潮時海水會完全淹没礁石，灯塔建成前不少船只因此触礁沉没。英國廣播公司在一部于2003年开始播映的纪录片中把贝尔灯塔列为「工業世界的七大奇蹟」之一。 (zh) К:Википедия:Ссылка на Викисклад непосредственно в статьеМаяк Белл-Рок (англ.

Bell Rock Lighthouse) — маяк в Северном море, расположен на рифе Инчкейп в 19 км на восток от берегов Шотландии (область Ангус), у входа в бухту Ферт-оф-Тей и недалеко от залива Ферт-оф-Форт. Маяк был построен в 1807-11 гг. инженером Робертом Стивенсоном (дедом знаменитого писателя) и ныне является старейшим маяком на Британских островах из числа построенных на рифах. Высота строения — 35,3 м; автоматизирован в 1988 году.

До 1955 года маяк работал совместно с сигнальной станцией, построенной в 1813 году на берегу гавани Арброта, в настоящее время в ней расположен музей истории маяка.Риф, на котором стоит маяк, имеет протяжённость 600 м и большую часть времени находится под водой, появляясь над поверхностью всего лишь на несколько часов в день в отлив, из-за чего представляет опасность для судоходства. В самый высокий прилив скала, на которой стоит маяк, находится на глубине 3,65 м, а в самый сильный отлив — возвышается на 1,22 м над поверхностью воды.Маяку Белл-Рок посвящена серия художественно-документальной передачи BBC «Семь чудес индустриального мира».

(ru) منارة بيل روك (بالإنجليزية:Bell Rock Lighthouse) ( منارة صخرة الجرس ) هي أقدم منارة بحرية عاملة على الإطلاق أسست ببيل روك, أنغس, اسكتلندا بالضبط في بحر الشمال وتقع على بعد 18 كم من الساحل. أسسها المهندس "روبيرت ستيفنسون".وهو بناء مُدرج بالدرجة الأولى. (ar) Latarnia morska Bell Rock – najstarsza na Wyspach Brytyjskich latarnia morska usytuowana na rafie, zwanej także Inchcape. Położona jest 18 km od wybrzeży Angus na Morzu Północnym oraz 18 km na wschód od wejścia do zatoki Firth of Tay. Latarnia została wpisana w 1998 roku na listę zabytków kategorii A Historic Scotland pod numerem 45197.

Obiekt znajduje się także na liście Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland pod numerem NO72NE 1. (pl) 56°26.052′N 2°23.236′W貝爾燈塔（Bell Rock Lighthouse）是现存最古老的离岸灯塔，位于北海海面上的貝爾礁石（又名英開普礁石）之上，距离蘇格蘭安格斯的海岸约18千米。1813年啟用，1998年全面自動化。涨潮時海水會完全淹没礁石，灯塔建成前不少船只因此触礁沉没。英國廣播公司在一部于2003年开始播映的纪录片中把贝尔灯塔列为「工業世界的七大奇蹟」之一。 (zh) The Bell Rock Lighthouse, off the coast of Angus, Scotland, is the world's oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse.

It was built between 1807 and 1810 by Robert Stevenson on the Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape) in the North Sea, 11 miles (18 km) east of the Firth of Tay. Standing 35 metres (115 ft) tall, its light is visible from 35 statute miles (56 km) inland.The challenges faced in the building of the lighthouse have led to it being described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World. (en) Der Leuchtturm Bell Rock ist der älteste noch existierende Leuchtturm, der auf einem Felsen in der Nordsee steht. Er befindet sich 16,2 km südöstlich der Küste bei Arbroath im schottischen Verwaltungsgebiet Angus auf dem untermeerischen Felsen Bell Rock. Der Felsen war der Ort zahlreicher Schiffsunglücke, da er im Schifffahrtsweg zur schottischen Stadt Dundee liegt und nur bei Ebbe für drei bis vier Stunden über die Wasseroberfläche hinausragt.

(de) El Faro de Bell Rock (en inglés: Bell Rock Lighthouse) es un faro situado sobre el arrecife de Bell Rock, también llamado Inchcape, en el Mar del Norte, 18 km mar adentro, al este del Fiordo de Tay, enfrente de la localidad de Arbroath, en el consejo (council area) de Angus, Escocia, Reino Unido.En 2011 se celebró el segundo centenario del faro, organizado por el Northern Lighthouse Board, en el que se involucraron museos, galerías y otras instituciones de Escocia. (es) Le phare de Bell Rock est le plus vieux phare de mer du monde toujours en activité aujourd'hui, après celui de Cordouan. Il se trouve en mer du Nord au large de l'Écosse.

Sa construction, par Robert Stevenson (le grand-père du célèbre écrivain), au début du XIXe siècle, fut épique.Il a été construit sur Bell Rock (aussi connue sous le nom de Inchcape) en mer du Nord, 12 milles (18 km) au large de la côte d'Angus, en Écosse, à l'est de l'estuaire de la Tay. Avec une hauteur de 35 m, sa lumière est visible à 35 milles (55 km). (fr) К:Википедия:Ссылка на Викисклад непосредственно в статьеМаяк Белл-Рок (англ. Bell Rock Lighthouse) — маяк в Северном море, расположен на рифе Инчкейп в 19 км на восток от берегов Шотландии (область Ангус), у входа в бухту Ферт-оф-Тей и недалеко от залива Ферт-оф-Форт.

Маяк был построен в 1807-11 гг. инженером Робертом Стивенсоном (дедом знаменитого писателя) и ныне является старейшим маяком на Британских островах из числа построенных на рифах. (ru) Industrial Wonders of the World-Bell Rock Lighthouse Bell Rock Lighthouse [1] Bell Rock Lighthouse is the world's oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse and was built on Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape) in the North Sea, 12 miles (18 km) off the coast of Angus, Scotland, east of the Firth of Tay. Standing at 35 m high, the light is visible from 35 statute miles (55 km) inland. [2] According to tradition, an abbot of Arbroath had ordered a warning bell—whence the name of the rock—to be fastened to the reef so as to respond to movements of the waves. This was destroyed by the pirate Ralph the Rover, whose ship was later wrecked at the same spot.

Robert Southey made the incident the subject of his ballad “The Inchcape Rock.” [3] The masonry work on which the light house rests was constructed to such a high standard that it has not been replaced or adapted in almost 200 years. The lamps and reflectors were replaced in 1843, with the original equipment being used in the lighthouse at Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland where they are currently on display. The working of the lighthouse has been automated since 1988. The lighthouse operated in tandem with a shore station, the Bell Rock Signal Tower, built in 1813 at the mouth of Arbroath harbour. Today this building houses the Signal Tower Museum, a visitor centre detailing the history of the lighthouse. The challenges faced in the building of the lighthouse have led to it being described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World. Pre-lighthouse history According to legend, the rock is called Bell Rock because of a 14th century attempt by the abbot from Arbroath to install a warning bell on it. The bell lasted only one year before it was stolen by a Dutch pirate.

This story is immortalized in The Inchcape Rock, a famous poem by 19th century poet Robert Southey. The rock was the scene of many shipwrecks as it lies just below the surface of the sea for all but a few hours at low tide. By the turn of the 18th century, it was estimated that the rocks were responsible for the wrecking of up to six ships every winter. In one storm alone, 70 ships were lost off the east coast of Scotland. The Scottish engineer Robert Stevenson had proposed the construction of a lighthouse on Bell Rock in 1799, but cost concerns and the relatively radical nature of his proposal caused it to be shelved. However, the loss of the warship HMS York and all on board in 1804 resulted in a furore in Parliament which eventually led to legislation being passed in 1806 enabling construction to begin. The lighthouse was built by Stevenson between 1807 and 1810 and the lamp was first lit on 1 February 1811.

The design has some similarities to the earlier Eddystone Lighthouse designed by John Smeaton which was also built on an offshore reef using interlocking stones, but also contained newer features, such as rotating lights alternating between red and white. Later, the Chief Engineer on the project, John Rennie, disputed the amount of credit that Stevenson received for the design—Rennie claimed that Stevenson's curve on the base of the lighthouse was inappropriate, though Stevenson had created the earlier designs based on the Eddystone. Construction history 1807 Stevenson hired 60 men, including a blacksmith so that the pick axes used to cut the foundations could be re-sharpened on site. Stevenson did not want to use black powder as it might have damaged the rock on which the lighthouse was to stand. They initially set sail on 17 August 1807, to be away for two months. Much to their displeasure, Stevenson requested, in order for the lighthouse to be completed in time and on budget, that they work on the Sabbath. Despite Stevenson's insistence that they were doing the Lord's work, most of the men refused on the grounds that such an action would be ill received by God.

For 20 hours of each day, while the rock was covered by up to 12 feet of water, the men lived on a ship moored a mile off the rock. The first task was to build a beacon house on tall wooden struts, so the men would have a place to stay on the island, instead of the time-consuming row to and from the ship each day and after an incident whereby one of the boats came adrift. The beacon house had places for 15 men. The foundations and beacon legs were raised during the first season. During the winter, stonemasons cut rocks for the lighthouse out of Aberdeen granite. 1808 During the Spring of 1808, work resumed. The beacon house barracks was completed and the first three courses of stone were laid. In the whole of the second season, there were only 80 hours of building work completed on the rock. During this time, before the barracks were completed, a young worker was knocked unconscious by a buoy ring and drowned. The boy was the prime breadwinner for the family; so Stevenson offered the now-vacant position to Alexander Scott, the younger brother of the drowned worker, who accepted.

The beacon house withstood a heavy storm, and due to this, the men agreed to work on the Sabbath. Although they did not have faith in Stevenson initially, his design redeemed their faith. 1809 Stevenson was frustrated by a visit by Rennie, whom he saw as interfering with his work. As a strategy to ward off further visits, he wrote Rennie a total of 82 letters, asking detailed questions about a large range of construction issues (including what type of window putty and locks to use). Rennie replied in detail to every letter, but Stevenson largely ignored the replies. During this time a worker by the name of Wishart had his legs crushed in an accident, preventing him from working further on the project. He asked Stevenson if he could be appointed lighthouse keeper and this was ultimately arranged. Work stopped on 22 August 1809 with a large part of the tower completed. 1810 In January, Stevenson's twins died of whooping cough, and two weeks later his youngest daughter Janet also died of this disease. Rennie wrote Stevenson a consoling letter. During this final period of construction the lighthouse became something of a tourist attraction.

Many people were anxious to see the completion of the tallest off-shore lighthouse in the world. In this final season, while the men were staying in the beacon house, a 7 hour storm struck. Worker Charles Henderson was lost, and his body was never found. Work was finally completed, with a total of about 2500 granite stones used during the construction. All stones were carried by one horse, named Bassey .[2] Trip to the Bell Rock Lighthouse Bell Rock - Scotland Bell Rock - Scotland [SC56260223] - £30.00 : Classic and Authentic Reproduction Models and Gifts £30.00 Bell Rock The Bell Rock Lighthouse, off the coast of Angus, is the world's oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse. It was built between 1807 and 1810 by Robert Stevenson on the Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape) in the North Sea, 11 miles east of the Firth of Tay. Standing 115 ft tall, its light is visible from 35 statute miles inland.

The masonry work on which the lighthouse rests was constructed to such a high standard that it has not been replaced or adapted in 200 years. The lamps and reflectors were replaced in 1843 and used in the lighthouse at Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, where they are currently on display. The working of the lighthouse has been automated since 1988. The lighthouse operated in tandem with a shore station, the Bell Rock Signal Tower, built in 1813 at the mouth of Arbroath harbour. Today this building houses the Signal Tower Museum, a visitor centre detailing the history of the lighthouse. The challenges faced in the building of the lighthouse have led to it being described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World.

Scale: 1:150 Dimensions: 275mm high x 80mm wide This is a Northen Lighouse Board Model Add to Cart: Bell Rock Lighthouse | OpenBuildings Bell Rock Lighthouse Radil Radenkov edited this building last References Wikipedia , licensed under the GFDL 04x_kj8 View original size Report Bell Rock Lighthouse is the world's oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse and was built on Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape) in the North Sea, 12 miles (19 km) off the coast of Angus, Scotland, east of the Firth of Tay. It was built by Robert Stevenson between 1807 and 1810, and standing at 35 m high, the light is visible from 35 statute miles (56 km) inland. The masonry work on which the lighthouse rests was constructed to such a high standard that it has not been replaced or adapted in 200 years. The lamps and reflectors were replaced in 1843, with the original equipment being used in the lighthouse at Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland where they are currently on display.

The working of the lighthouse has been automated since 1988. The lighthouse operated in tandem with a shore station, the Bell Rock Signal Tower, built in 1813 at the mouth of Arbroath harbour. Today this building houses the Signal Tower Museum, a visitor centre detailing the history of the lighthouse. The challenges faced in the building of the lighthouse have led to it being described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World. History According to legend, the rock is called Bell Rock because of a 14th century attempt by the abbot from Arbroath to install a warning bell on it. The bell lasted only one year before it was stolen by a Dutch pirate. This story is immortalized in The Inchcape Rock, a famous poem by 19th century poet Robert Southey. The rock was the scene of many shipwrecks as it lies just below the surface of the sea for all but a few hours at low tide. By the turn of the 18th century, it was estimated that the rocks were responsible for the wrecking of up to six ships every winter. In one storm alone, 70 ships were lost off the east coast of Scotland.

The Scottish engineer Robert Stevenson had proposed the construction of a lighthouse on Bell Rock in 1799, but cost concerns and the relatively radical nature of his proposal caused it to be shelved. However, the loss of the warship HMS York and all on board in 1804 resulted in a furore in Parliament which eventually led to legislation being passed in 1806 enabling construction to begin. The lighthouse was built by Stevenson between 1807 and 1810 and the lamp was first lit on 1 February 1811. The design has some similarities to the earlier Eddystone Lighthouse designed by John Smeaton which was also built on an offshore reef using interlocking stones, but also contained newer features, such as rotating lights alternating between red and white. Later, the Chief Engineer on the project, John Rennie, disputed the amount of credit that Stevenson received for the design"Rennie claimed that Stevenson's curve on the base of the lighthouse was inappropriate, though Stevenson had created the earlier designs based on the Eddystone.

Construction In 1807 Stevenson hired 60 men, including a blacksmith so that the pick axes used to cut the foundations could be re-sharpened on site. Stevenson did not want to use black powder as it might have damaged the rock on which the lighthouse was to stand. They initially set sail on 17 August 1807, to be away for two months. Much to their displeasure, Stevenson requested, in order for the lighthouse to be completed in time and on budget, that they work on the Sabbath. Despite Stevenson's insistence that they were doing the Lord's work, most of the men refused on the grounds that such an action would be ill received by God. In the end the project came in 50% above the original £42,000 ( 2009: £2,740,000) budget. For 20 hours of each day, while the rock was covered by up to 12 feet (3.7 m) of water, the men lived on a ship moored 1 mile (2 km) off the rock.

The first task was to build a beacon house on tall wooden struts, so the men would have a place to stay on the island, instead of the time-consuming row to and from the ship each day and after an incident whereby one of the boats came adrift. The beacon house had places for 15 men. The foundations and beacon legs were raised during the first season. During the winter, stonemasons cut rocks for the lighthouse out of Aberdeen granite. During the spring of 1808, work resumed. The beacon house barracks was completed and the first three courses of stone were laid. In the whole of the second season, there were only 80 hours of building work completed on the rock. During this time, before the barracks were completed, a young worker was knocked unconscious by a buoy ring and drowned. The boy was the prime breadwinner for the family; so Stevenson offered the now-vacant position to Alexander Scott, the younger brother of the drowned worker, who accepted.

In September 1808 John Bonnyman, a stonemason, had to have a finger amputated following an accident with the beam crane on the Rock; as recompense for this mishap he was later appointed one of the first lighthouse keepers. The beacon house withstood a heavy storm, and due to this, the men agreed to work on the Sabbath. Although they did not have faith in Stevenson initially, his design redeemed their faith. Stevenson was frustrated by a visit from Rennie, in 1809, whom he saw as interfering with his work. As a strategy to ward off further visits, he wrote Rennie a total of 82 letters, asking detailed questions about a large range of construction issues (including what type of window putty and locks to use). Rennie replied in detail to every letter, but Stevenson largely ignored the replies. In June 1809 one of the principal builders, Michael Wishart, was caught beneath a crane when it collapsed, and his feet were severely injured, preventing him from working further on the project. He asked Stevenson if he could be appointed lighthouse keeper and he ultimately took up a position as assistant keeper in 1811.

Work stopped on 22 August 1809 with a large part of the tower completed. In January 1810, Stevenson's twins died of whooping cough, and two weeks later his youngest daughter Janet also died of this disease. Rennie wrote Stevenson a consoling letter. During this final period of construction the lighthouse became something of a tourist attraction. Many people were anxious to see the completion of the tallest off-shore lighthouse in the world. In this final season, while the men were staying in the beacon house, a 7 hour storm struck. Worker Charles Henderson was lost, and his body was never found. Work was finally completed, with a total of about 2500 granite stones used during the construction. All stones were carried by one horse, named Bassey. 1955 Helicopter accident On 15 December 1955, a RAF Helicopter crashed into the lighthouse while making a delivery to the lighthouse keepers. The lighthouse was damaged, including the loss of its light, but its keepers remained uninjured. In spite of a rescue attempt, all occupants of the helicopter were killed.

Due to bad weather, the lighthouse could not be repaired until after 20 December, when conditions permitted delivery of supplies. In culture Scottish musician Alastair McDonald re-worded a traditional song called The Mermaid's Tale, and set the scene on Bell Rock. The first verse goes: My father was the keeper of the Bell Rock Light And he married a mermaid one dark night And from this union there came three A codling and a kipper and the other was me On David Arkenstone's album Myths and Legends, one of the tracks is titled "The Legend of Bell Rock" Bell Rock Lighthouse Wonders of the Industrial Bell Rock Lighthouse Wonders of the Industrial Seven Wonders of the Industrial World ::--1. SS Great Eastern || 2. Bell Rock Lighthouse || 3. Brooklyn Bridge || 4. London sewerage system || 5. First Transcontinental Railroad || 6. Panama Canal || 7.

Hoover Dam || Bell Rock Lighthouse Bell Rock Lighthouse is the world's oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse and was built on Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape) in the North Sea, 11 miles (18 km) off the coast of Angus, Scotland, east of the Firth of Tay. It was built by Robert Stevenson between 1807 and 1810, and standing at 35 m high, the light is visible from 35 statute miles (56 km) inland. The masonry work on which the lighthouse rests was constructed to such a high standard that it has not been replaced or adapted in 200 years. The lamps and reflectors were replaced in 1843, with the original equipment being used in the lighthouse at Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland where they are currently on display. The working of the lighthouse has been automated since 1988. The lighthouse operated in tandem with a shore station, the Bell Rock Signal Tower, built in 1813 at the mouth of Arbroath harbour. Today this building houses the Signal Tower Museum, a visitor centre detailing the history of the lighthouse.

The challenges faced in the building of the lighthouse have led to it being described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World. History According to legend, the rock is called Bell Rock because of a 14th century attempt by the abbot from Arbroath to install a warning bell on it. The bell lasted only one year before it was stolen by a Dutch pirate. This story is immortalized in The Inchcape Rock, a famous poem by 19th century poet Robert Southey. The rock was the scene of many shipwrecks as it lies just below the surface of the sea for all but a few hours at low tide. By the turn of the 18th century, it was estimated that the rocks were responsible for the wrecking of up to six ships every winter. In one storm alone, 70 ships were lost off the east coast of Scotland. The Scottish engineer Robert Stevenson had proposed the construction of a lighthouse on Bell Rock in 1799, but cost concerns and the relatively radical nature of his proposal caused it to be shelved.

However, the loss of the warship HMS York and all on board in 1804 resulted in a furore in Parliament which eventually led to legislation being passed in 1806 enabling construction to begin. The lighthouse was built by Stevenson between 1807 and 1810 and the lamp was first lit on 1 February 1811. The design has some similarities to the earlier Eddystone Lighthouse designed by John Smeaton which was also built on an offshore reef using interlocking stones, but also contained newer features, such as rotating lights alternating between red and white. Later, the Chief Engineer on the project, John Rennie, disputed the amount of credit that Stevenson received for the design—Rennie claimed that Stevenson's curve on the base of the lighthouse was inappropriate, though Stevenson had created the earlier designs based on the Eddystone. Construction In 1807 Stevenson hired 60 men, including a blacksmith so that the pick axes used to cut the foundations could be re-sharpened on site. Stevenson did not want to use black powder as it might have damaged the rock on which the lighthouse was to stand.

They initially set sail on 17 August 1807, to be away for two months. Much to their displeasure, Stevenson requested, in order for the lighthouse to be completed in time and on budget, that they work on the Sabbath. Despite Stevenson's insistence that they were doing the Lord's work, most of the men refused on the grounds that such an action would be ill received by God. In the end the project came in 50% above the original £42,000 (2009: £2,740,000) budget. For 20 hours of each day, while the rock was covered by up to 12 feet (3.7 m) of water, the men lived on a ship moored 1 mile (2 km) off the rock. The first task was to build a beacon house on tall wooden struts, so the men would have a place to stay on the island, instead of the time-consuming row to and from the ship each day and after an incident whereby one of the boats came adrift. The beacon house had places for 15 men. The foundations and beacon legs were raised during the first season.

During the winter, stonemasons cut rocks for the lighthouse out of Aberdeen granite. During the spring of 1808, work resumed. The beacon house barracks was completed and the first three courses of stone were laid. In the whole of the second season, there were only 80 hours of building work completed on the rock. During this time, before the barracks were completed, a young worker was knocked unconscious by a buoy ring and drowned. The boy was the prime breadwinner for the family; so Stevenson offered the now-vacant position to Alexander Scott, the younger brother of the drowned worker, who accepted. In September 1808 John Bonnyman, a stonemason, had to have a finger amputated following an accident with the beam crane on the Rock; as recompense for this mishap he was later appointed one of the first lighthouse keepers. The beacon house withstood a heavy storm, and due to this, the men agreed to work on the Sabbath. Although they did not have faith in Stevenson initially, his design redeemed their faith. Stevenson was frustrated by a visit from Rennie, in 1809, whom he saw as interfering with his work.

As a strategy to ward off further visits, he wrote Rennie a total of 82 letters, asking detailed questions about a large range of construction issues (including what type of window putty and locks to use). Rennie replied in detail to every letter, but Stevenson largely ignored the replies. In June 1809 one of the principal builders, Michael Wishart, was caught beneath a crane when it collapsed, and his feet were severely injured, preventing him from working further on the project. He asked Stevenson if he could be appointed lighthouse keeper and he ultimately took up a position as assistant keeper in 1811. Work stopped on 22 August 1809 with a large part of the tower completed. In January 1810, Stevenson's twins died of whooping cough, and two weeks later his youngest daughter Janet also died of this disease. Rennie wrote Stevenson a consoling letter. During this final period of construction the lighthouse became something of a tourist attraction. Many people were anxious to see the completion of the tallest off-shore lighthouse in the world. In this final season, while the men were staying in the beacon house, a 7 hour storm struck.

Worker Charles Henderson was lost, and his body was never found. Work was finally completed, with a total of about 2500 granite stones used during the construction. All stones were carried by one horse, named Bassey. 1955 Helicopter accident On 15 December 1955, RAF Bristol Sycamore helicopter XG501, crewed by Flight Sergeant P.A. Beart and Sergeant E.F. Hall, departed from RAF Leuchars at 09:35 to perform a sea winching exercise at the Bell Rock lighthouse. At approximately 10:00, the helicopter's tail rotor struck the anemometer on the top of the lighthouse, and as a result the aircraft crashed into the sea. The incident was witnessed by a second helicopter which immediately transmitted a distress call and flew to the scene of the crash. In response to the distress signal, four aircraft, a further two Sycamore helicopters, an RAF rescue launch and three lifeboats searched the area, recovering the body of XG501's navigator. The body of the pilot was not recovered. The lighthouse was damaged, including the loss of its light, but its keepers remained uninjured.

Due to bad weather, the lighthouse could not be repaired until after 20 December, when conditions permitted delivery of supplies.

Question: What is the name of the lighthouse off the coast of Angus at the mouth of the Firth of Tay, which is also called Bell Rock?
Answer: Inchcape