Medical Terminology Exam 1 - Medical Terminology with Vera at Northern Virginia Community College - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. Medical Terminology Exam 1 To change a term ending in us to a plural form, you? change the us to i True or False? The combining vowel “o” is used to combine various word elements. True True or False? Suffixes add a description to a word root. True To translate a medical term, start with the ______ first. Suffix If septum is singular, then _______ is plural. Septa The combining vowel is usually ______. O True or False? The suffix is a word element that comes at the beginning of a word. False If bronchus is singular, then _______ is plural. Bronchi The word element _______ means cell. cyte The term _______ refers to the aged or elderly individual. ger/o Which suffix indicates the term is an adjective? all of the above The term _______ means inflammation of the skin. dermatitis True or False? The prefix is a word element that comes at the beginning of a word.

True The correct term for an adjective referring to the stomach is ______. gastric The correct term for joint inflammation is _______. arthritis True or False? Gastr is an example of a combining form. False True or False? All medical terms are based on Greek and Latin words. False Expansion is indicated by the suffix _______. ectasis The word element _______ refers to unchanging. stasis The word element _______ is used to indicate to move away from. ab An instrument used for cutting is a(n) _______. tome Bradycardia indicates a _______ heart rate. slow The suffix _______ indicates a blockage. stenosis The prefix _______ indicates inside or below. infra The word element _______ indicates a stone. lith True or False? The suffixes –ician and –ist can both mean a medical specialist. true True or False? The suffix –malacia means softening. True ________ refers to the internal organs. viscera The term _______ indicates toward the front of the body. anterior The term _______ indicates toward the back. posterior The appendix is found in the _______ quadrant. RLQ The vertebral column is divided into ______ sections.

5 The _______ region is located below the cartilage of the ribs. hypochondriac The _______ system filters the blood. urinary The _______ system transmits messages throughout the body. nervous The _______ system helps regulate body temperature. intengumentary The _______ plane divides the body into right and left sides. sagittal The adjective referring to the chest area is _______. thoracic The belly button is found in the ______ region. umbilicus The _______ separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. diaphragm True or False? Connective tissues support internal structures. True True or False? The endocrine system produces hormones. True The hair sac is referred to as a _______. follicle Decubitus ulcers are better known as _______. bedsores The technique that uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal tissue is referred to as ________. cryosurgery _______ are used to treat thrush, diaper rash and athlete's foot. antifungal Impetigo is caused by a _______. bacteria True or False? Myc/o means muscle. False _______ is an abnormal redness of the skin. erythema Corium is another term for _______. dermis True or False?

Sudor/i means oily. false _______ is the removal of dead burnt skin debridement A scabicide is used to kill ________. mites A chronic disease characterized by hardening of the skin is _______. scleroderma A blackhead is also known as a(n) ________. comedo True or False? Blood vessels are located in the epidermis. False True or False? Cutane/o means skin. true Nails contain a protein known as _______. keratin A raised fluid-filled blister greater than 1 cm is referred to as a _______. bulla True or False? Ichthy/o means horn-like. false True or False? The term pruritic refers to a scab false True or False? –kinesia means stationery. false Pain in a joint is referred to as _______. arthrodynia True or False? -desis means pain. false The term dactyl/o refers to _______. fingers Injury to a ligament is known as _______. sprain True or False? Carp/o means wrist. wrist True or False? Kyphosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. false The periosteum is located _______ a bone.

covering _______ is a highly malignant tumor of bone. osteosarcoma True or False? The appendicular skeleton refers to the skull and vertebral column. false _______ is also referred to as humpback. kyphosis The _______ girdle is also known as the shoulder girdle. pectoral _______ is turning the palm upward. supination The surgical procedure to remove fluid from a joint is _______. arthrocentesis Moving the arm out straight to the side of the body is _______. abduction The _______ bones are located on the side of the head above the ears. temporal General wear and tear on joints may result in _______. osteoarthritis True or False? A synarthrotic joint is also referred to as a synovial joint false _______ is the surgical repair of bone osteoplasty The specialist who works with heat and exercises to help the patient improve muscle strength is _______. physical therapist True or False? The antagonist muscle is the one responsible for contraction and movement of a body part. false Lou Gehrig disease is also known as _______. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis True or False? There are four types of muscle tissue. false A common treatment for muscular injuries is _______.

RICE Muscles are enclosed in a fibrous sheath of _______. fascia A genetic disorder that causes muscle weakness is _______. muscular dystrophy True or False? The word element sthen/o means movement. false True or False? Fasci/o is a fibrous membrane. true The structure that connects muscle to bone is _______. tendon The function of the skeletal muscles include(s): all of the above A chronic disorder characterized by widespread aching and muscle stiffness is _______. fibromyalgia Muscular systems disorders can result from _______. all of the above Slight paralysis on one side of the body is _______. hemiparesis Paralysis of all four extremities is referred to as _______. quadriplegia Incision into a tendon is _______. tenotomy True or False? Carpal tunnel syndrome is the result of fractures of the wrists. false A hamstring injury involves the _______ muscles. thigh Involuntary contraction of a muscle is a _________.

myospasm Free Flashcards about MT- Ch 7 The medical term Cerebral Contusion means: the process of bruising the brain The medical term Concussion means to shake violently "causing brain bleeding" The diagnostic medical term Down's Syndrome refers to: a genetic defect causing multiple defects seen with degrees of mental retardation The medical term Hematoma means: blood swelling or tumor The medical term Epi/lepsy means: seizure upon the mind and body The medical term Opisthotonos (backward bending tone) means: tension that bends back and head "Tenanus" The medical term Septic/emia means: poison in the blood "usually bacterial poison or waste" The medical term Neuro/fibromat/osis is characterized by: multiple fiber-like nerve tumors "elephant man disease" The medical term Chalazion Cyst (AKA: steatoma, meibomian cyst) is referred to as a sebaceous cyst of the eyelids. It is the extension of the meibomian gland with its oily secretions. The term literally means: hailstone sac "of eyelid" The term Con/junctivitis literally means together/joined/inflamed.

It actually means: inflammation of the membrane that covers the eyeball and eyelid. The medical term Dacryo/cyst/itis or lacrimocystitis means: inflammation of the tear sac The medical term Glau/oma actually means: Water, Cloudy, or Gray Vision ('caused by an increase in intraocular pressure") The medical term Kerat/itis actually means: inflammation of the eye's cornea The medical term Opto/metr/ist literally means: specialist in measuring sight Miotic Eye Drops cause the pupil to: constrict The E Eye Chart is used to measure: visual acuity The medical term Myoptic (adj) literally means ------ and actually means ------: nearsightedness or short sighted "see clear close up" The medical term Tetanus (24 different types) usually refers to: muscle spasms of body caused by bacteria Clostridium tetani toxins. he Optic (sight), Oculomotor (eye movement), Trochlear (pulley-like), and Abducens (to draw away) Nerves all innervate the eye in some way.

These are referred to as Cranial Nerves _________________ (OOOTTAFAGVAH): 2, 3, 4, and 6 The medical term Bell's Palsy is also known as: facial paralysis or palsy The body term Cerumen is also known as: ear wax "from modified ear sebaceous or oil glands" Aural Atresia refers to: closure of the outer auditory or hearing canal.

The medical term Cerebral Palsy (CP) is characterized by: partial or complete paralysis caused by brain injury the medical term Para/noia literally means "mind/beyond or beside" or refers to a behavior that is out of touch with reality or: refers to abnormal thinking or reasoning "psychosis- Not Real" The term Schizophrenia (spil/mind- with delusions, persecution, hallucinations, jealousy and or catatonia "stupor") actually refers to a type of Psych/osis (loss of reality) that is characterized by: thought deterioration and lack of social functioning before 45 y/o The diagnostic medical term MUltiple Sclerosis (MS) refers to: deterioration or loss of the myelin sheath nerve body covering "paralysis" Parkinson's Disease causes body tremors (shaking), weak speech, shuffling of feet, and depression.

Other patients may experience: muscle and body "voice loss, sphincter problems, with falls and paralysis" The medical term Myringitis (typan/itis: drum/inflamed) actually means: inflammation of the eardrum The medical term Trach/oma refers to a chlamydial (to cloak) infection causing: rough swollen eye lesions "afflicting and blinding 400 Million Per Year" The Medical terms Palpebr/itis and Blepharo/tosis refer to: eyelid inflammation and eyelid drooping The inner layer of the eye with vision receptors is the retina "net" The small organs that produce and drain tears from the eye are the: lacrimal glands and ducts The mucous membrane lining the inner eyelids and globe eyeball is the conjuctiva The nerve in the eye that carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain is the: optic nerve The diagnostic term Blephar/itis means: inflammation of eyelid The diagnostic term Photo/phobia means: abnormal aversion to or fear of light The term for abnormal condition of the eye caused by fungus is: oculo/myc/o/sis The diagnostic term for obstruction of the eyelids sebaceous gland is: chalazion "

stye" The diagnostic term Cataract actually means: clouding of the lens of the eye "looks cloudy, water, opacity" The surgical term Radial Keratotomy actually means: producing spoke-like incisions to flatten the cornea The diagnostic term "hyperopia" means: farsightedness An instrument that examines the interior of the eye is called a(n): ophthalmo/scop/e The medical term for a physician who specializes in Ophthalmology is: Ophthalmologist The surgical term Radial Keratotomy actually means: producing spoke-like incisions to flatten the cornea.

An instrument that examines the interior of the eye is called a(n): ophthalmo/scop/e The medical term that actually means one who is skilled in filling prescriptions for lenses is: Optician The medical term for a specialist who studies diseases of the eye and is a medical doctor is: Ophthalmologist The medical term Optometrist literally means: specialist in the measurement of sight The medical term visual acuity means: sharpness of vision The structure in the inner ear that contains balance receptors and endolymph is called the: semicircular canals The malleus, incus and stapes make up the bones of the middle ear called the: ossicles "bones/little" The combining forms acout/o- and audi/o- both mean: hearing "acoustics and audio" The diagnostic term ot/itis interna can also be called: labryinthitis or inflamed inner ear The medical term for a fungal infection of the ear is: otomycosis The diagnostic term ot/algia means: pain in the ear The diagnostic term for a chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by dizziness (Vertigo) and ringing (Tinnitus) in the ear is: Meniere's Disease The diagnostic term for ringing in the ears is

: tinnitus The diagnostic term for dizziness (turning round) is: vertigo A delicate instrument used to test hearing acuteness is called a(n): audio/meter The medical term that means a specialist who studies and treats the diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, and throat is: Otorhinolaryngologist The term that means one who studies and treats disease of the ear is: Otologist A specialist who specializes in the study of hearing is an: Audiologist Osteopaths usually use spinal and skeletal manipulation techniques similar to: Chiropractors The prefixes quadri- and tetra- means ___________ and terato means _______________.

four and monster The largest region of the brain is the: cerebrum The term "psychology" literally means: the process or procedure of the science or study of the mind The area of the brain responsible for respiration, heart rate, and smooth muscle control of our blood vessels is the: medulla oblongata The structure that conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and serves as a reflex center for some sensory information without input from the brain is the: spinal cord The three layered membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord and literally means membrane is called the: meninges The cord-like (string-like) structures that carry bio-electrical impulses from one part of the body to another are called __________.

nerves A group of nerve cell bodies that are found outside of the spinal cord and brain are referred to as: ganglions or ganglia (pl.) "literal meaning knot" The term that means spinal cord inflammation is: myel/itis The combining form en/cephal/o- actually means: brain "literally means within head" The combining form phren/o means: mind or diaphragm "phren/ology and phrenic nerve" The combining form that means "physical sensation, sesitivity, or feeling" is: esthesi/o- The combining form phas/o means: speech The combining form ment/o- means: mind "mental" The prefixes hemi- and semi- mean: half The word part -iatro- in iatro/genic or ger/iatric means: treatment or cure partial paralysis "paraparesis means slight or near paralysis" The diagnostic term for inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord is: polio/myel/itis "anterior part of the spinal cord horn" The endocrine system and the nervous system are referred to as: master body systems The diagnostic terms Neur/itis and Neur/algia mean: inflamed nerves and pain in the nerves The diagnostic term En

/cephal/itis actually means: inflammation of the brain The diagnostic term that means tumor made up of nerve cells is: neuroma The diagnostic term that means softening of the brain is: en/cephalo/malac/ia The diagnostic term Cerebral Thrombosis means: condition of a blood clot in the brain "cerebrum" The diagnostic term Neur/asthenia means: nerve weakness The diagnostic term for a disease characterized by early senility confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings and restlessness is: Alzheimer's Disease The diagnostic term for a viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes the skin to blister along the course of the nerve is: shingles- herpes virus that causes chicken pox "Herpes Zoster" The interruption of blood supply to the brain caused by a cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, or cerebral hemorrhage is called: Cerebro/vascular Accident, Apoplexy, or Stroke The diagnostic term that means deficient supply of blood to the brain for a short time is called a(n): Transient Ischemic Attack "TIA" The diagnostic term for an emotional disorder characterized by the use of ineffective skills for coping with anxiety or inner conflict is: Neurosis "

no loss of reality" The term __________ is seen in children before 18 Y/O.

It follows a viral infection (Influenza B) and causes Encephalo/pathy and fatty organs. It was recognized in 1963 by Dr. R. Reyes, an Australian Pathologist.

Reye's Syndrome The diagnostic term for a condition caused by an increased amount of cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain is: hydrocephalus An instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain is called an: electro/encephalo/graph The medical term Encephalo/angio/scler/o/sis means: condition of hardening of the brain's blood vessels THe medical term that means without feeling or without sensation is: an/esthesia The diagnostic term for a condition characterized by brain damage and lack of muscle control and partial paralysis is: Cerebral Palsy "CP" The procedural term Echo/encephalo/graphy actually means: procedure of recording brain structures by use of sound The diagnostic term for a process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of images of the tissues of the brain at any desired depth is: CAT Scan "Computerized Axial Tomography" The medical term that means the same as Quadri/plegia is: tetra/plegia "4 limbs paralyzed" The medical term Dys/phasia means: difficulty in speaking The medical term Psycho/o/log/ist means: specialist in the science and study of the mind An instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain is called an

: electro/encephalo/graph The medical term that means mental disease is: phrenopathy The medical term cephalo/dynia means: pain in the head The medical term that means total paralysis is: pan/plegia The medical term quadri/plegia means: paralysis of all four limbs The medical term Coma means: sleep like The medical term shunt means: tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid The medical term ataxia means: lack of gross motor balance/coordination The medical term that means feeling "faint" is: syncope The medical abbreviations CNS, PNS, and ANS refer to divisions of the: nervous system The Cranial Nerves are string-like groups of nerves coming off of the: brain and brain stem The medical term Psychiatry literally means: the procedure or process of treating or curing the mind The term Psycholog/ist literally means: is a specialist in the science and study of the mind Th emedical term Alzheimer's or Pick's Disease refers to: pre-senile dementia The medical term that means Lou Gerhig's Disease is also known as: A/myo/thropic Lateral Sclerosis "ALS" The medical term Retin/itis Pigmentosa can be

 called: animal tracks "retina or net is inflamed causing marks - blindness" The outer hard layer of eye (white of eye) is the: sclera The eye structure that lies directly behind the pupil and iris is the: lens The tear glands that lubricate and protect the eye are called: lacrimal glands "dacyro- or lacrimo-" meaning tear A Chiropractor specializes in the repositioning of bones with adjustments in order to relieve nerve and tissue pressure caused by bone ________: sublaxations Multiple Sclerosis (MS) FAQs Glossary of Terms with Medical Definitions See the entire definition of Cure Dizziness: Painless head discomfort with many possible causes including disturbances of ...

See the entire definition of Dizziness Dysfunction: Difficult function or abnormal function. Endocrine: Pertaining to hormones and the glands that make and secrete them into the blood... See the entire definition of Endocrine Exacerbate: To make worse. For example, smoking may exacerbate lung disease. Fatigue: A condition characterized by a lessened capacity for work and reduced efficiency ... See the entire definition of Fatigue Genetic: Having to do with genes and genetic information. See the entire definition of Heart Heart attack: The death of heart muscle due to the loss of blood supply. The loss of bloo... See the entire definition of Muscle Myelin: The fatty substance that covers and protects nerves. Myelin is a layered tissue th... See the entire definition of Myelin Nerve: A bundle of fibers that uses electrical and chemical signals to transmit sensory an... See the entire definition of Nerve Nerve cell: See: Neuron. Onset: In medicine, the first appearance of the signs or symptoms of an illness as, for ex... See the entire definition of Onset Pain: An unpleasant sensation that can range from mild, localized discomfort to agony. Pa...

See the entire definition of Pain Physical therapy: A branch of rehabilitative health that uses specially designed exercises... See the entire definition of Pneumonia Postpartum: The period just after delivery, as with postpartum depression. Postpartum refe... See the entire definition of Postpartum Predispose: To make more likely or render susceptible. Smoking predisposes to a number of ... See the entire definition of Predispose Pregnancy: The state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the female body. Thi... See the entire definition of Pregnancy Prognosis: The forecast of the probable outcome or course of a disease; the patient's chan... See the entire definition of Prognosis Progressive: Increasing in scope or severity, advancing, or going forward. For example, a ... See the entire definition of Progressive Rehabilitation: The process of helping a person who has suffered an illness or injury rest... See the entire definition of Rehabilitation Relapse: The return of signs and symptoms of a disease after a remission. Sclerosis: Localized hardening of skin. Sclerosis is generally caused by underlying diseas... See the entire definition of Sclerosis Sibling: A brother or sister.

Spinal cord: The major column of nerve tissue that is connected to the brain and lies with... Glossary of Scleroderma Terms - Scleroderma Foundation Please leave this field empty Glossary of Scleroderma Terms Click on a letter to jump to a section A B C D E F G H I J L M O P R S T V Here are some useful definitions of medical words and terms. Acid reflux, heartburn. Stomach acid, which abnormally travels up into and irritates the esophagus. (Acid production is a normal part of digestion in the stomach.) Heartburn refers to pain in the center of the chest caused by acid reflux. (See Esophagitis.) Analgesic. A medication, which reduces or eliminates pain. Example: aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Antacid. An agent, which neutralizes excess stomach acid. This may be liquid/tablets, which act immediately in the stomach, or long-acting medications taken regularly and absorbed into the blood in order to suppress acid production. (See Acid reflux.) Antibiotic. Medication used to treat an infection.

Each antibiotic kills or inhibits the growth of specific microorganisms, so antibiotics are prescribed based on the type of infection present. Arthralgia. Pain in a joint. Autoimmune. Disease or antibody, which acts against the person’s own tissues. (See Immune system.) Back to top Biofeedback. A technique used to regulate a body function usually involuntarily controlled, such as a finger temperature or pulse rate. By observing a machine monitoring the function, a person can practice relaxation techniques and learn to control the function. Later, the machine becomes unnecessary. (See Relaxation techniques.) Biopsy. The removal and examination of tissue, cells or fluid from the body. Blanched. To become white or pale. In Raynaud Phenomenon, the fingers and toes blanch due to insufficient circulation of blood. Calcinosis. Abnormal accumulation of calcium in the skin. Capillaries. The smallest blood vessels of the body, connecting arteries and veins. Collagen. A normal, fibrous protein found in the connective tissue of the body. Connective tissue. Tissue, which pervades, supports and binds together other tissues including mucous, fibrous, reticular, adipose, cartilage, skin and bone.

Connective-tissue diseases are a group of diseases with similar cellular changes, but with the site where the changes occur determining the specific disease. Included are scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis. Constrict (vessels), stricture (esophagus). An abnormal narrowing. Contraction (of intestinal muscles). The rhythmic squeezing action of the muscles of the wall of the intestine, which moves food through the system. Also called peristalsis. (See Motility.) Coronary arteries. Blood vessels, which supply blood to the heart itself. CREST. Form of scleroderma, whose initials stand for Calcinosis, Raynaud Phenomenon, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly and Telangiectasia. Cutaneous. Of the skin. Cyanosis. Blue or purple color due to lack of blood oxygen. In Raynaud Phenomenon, cyanosis of the fingers and toes may follow blanching. Digits. Fingers and toes. Dilate (esophagus, blood vessels). To widen or enlarge. Diuretic.

Medication to increase the flow of urine, thereby decreasing fluid retention in the tissues. Also called “water pills.” (See Edema.) Dysfunction, disfunction. Impaired or abnormal functioning. Dysphagia. Difficulty in swallowing. Back to top Edema. An abnormal excess accumulation of fluid in tissues or cavities of the body. En coup de sabre. A form of localized scleroderma which forms a long crease of waxy skin, resembling a cut by a saber or sword wound usually on face or neck. Esophagus, esophagitis. The muscular swallowing tube connecting the mouth and the stomach. When properly functioning it contracts in smooth waves to send food to the stomach. At its lower end a sphincter (ring-like muscle) opens to allow food to pass into the stomach, but closes again to prevent stomach acid or partially digested food from backing up into the esophagus. Esophagitis is an inflammation or irritation of the esophagus. Fatigue. Weariness, a sense of being overwhelmingly tired, or exhaustion. Fibrous. Consisting of, or resembling fibers. Fibrosis. Abnormal formation of excess fibrous tissue.

Back to top Gastrointestinal tract, bowel, diarrhea, constipation. The gastrointestinal tract is the digestive system, which breaks down food, allows absorption of nutrients, removal of cellular waste products, and elimination of solid waste from the body. It begins with the mouth and esophagus and leads to the stomach. The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Lastly, the large intestine (also called colon) leads to the rectum. The term bowel refers to the intestine. The anal sphincter is the muscle, which controls discharge of stool. Diarrhea is abnormally frequent or excessive passing of stool, usually watery. Constipation is the abnormally delayed or infrequent passage of stool, usually in a dry and hardened state. Normal bowel movements vary from person to person and with diet. Back to top Immune system. The system of organs, cells and proteins, which protect the body from foreign substances by producing immune responses. The immune system organs include the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. The cells include white cells, lymphocytes, T cells and B cells.

Immunoglobulins (antibodies) are proteins that can react with and/or neutralize corresponding proteins called antigens (usually damaged or foreign material). The immune system is essentially protective and helpful to the body, but can be the cause of disease and allergy when it attacks parts of the normal body in a process called autoimmunity. Inflammation, anti-inflammatory. Tissue reaction to cell injury marked by redness, heat, pain, swelling and often loss of function. Capillary dilation and white blood cell infiltration help eliminate foreign substances and damaged tissue, so normally; inflammation is a natural part of the healing process. Excessive or inappropriate inflammation can, however, cause further damage. Anti-inflammatory drugs counteract inflammation. Back to top Joint contracture, flexion contracture. Fixation of a joint in one position preventing full range of motion. In scleroderma, frequently affecting the fingers, due to tightening and hardening of the skin around the joint. In flexion contractures, the fingers become fixed in a bent or flexed position. Lacrimal glands. Tear-producing glands, also spelled lachrymal. Laxative. A medication, which stimulates emptying of the bowels. Lubrication, secretion.

Substance which makes a surface slippery or oily, either artificially by applying lubricating fluids or naturally by secreting fluids made by cells for this purpose. Example: tears. Malabsorption. The reduced ability to take nutrients from food into the cells of the body from the digestive tract. Microstomia. Abnormally small mouth opening. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease. Overlap or presence of symptoms of two or more diseases simultaneously. (See Collagen and Connective tissue.) Morphea. A form of localized scleroderma. Motility, dysmotility. Contractions of the digestive-tract muscles occurring in rhythmic waves, propelling food, allowing absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes (feces). Dysmotility indicates weakened or absent waves of contraction resulting in abnormally slow movement of food and feces. (See Malabsorption, Gastrointestinal tract, Contraction.) Occupational therapy. Therapy using activity prescribed to promote recovery or rehabilitation. Often designed to increase ability to perform acts of daily living, such as grooming and eating, and concentrating on the hands and small muscle control. (Abbreviated “OT.” See also Physical therapy.) Ophthalmic. Related to, or situated near the eye.

Pericarditis. Tissue inflammation of the sac enclosing the heart. Peripheral blood circulation. The flow of blood to the arms and legs. Phenomenon. An unusual, significant, or unaccountable fact or occurrence which, when observed, is of scientific interest. Physical therapy. Treatment of disease and injury by mechanical means such as massage, regulated exercise, water, light, heat and electricity. Often concerned primarily with joint motion, large muscle groups, and activities such as walking and aerobic and isometric exercise. (Abbreviated “PT.” See also Occupational therapy.) Pleurisy. Tissue inflammation of the sac enclosing the lungs. Prognosis. Prediction of the progression and end result of a disease, or estimate of chance of recovery. Pulmonary fibrosis. A process in which the lungs are scarred, decreasing the transfer of oxygen to the blood. Also called restrictive lung disease. Pulmonary hypertension. Elevated pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs, decreasing blood oxygen and straining the right side of the heart. Back to top Raynaud Phenomenon. Also called Raynaud Syndrome.

A disorder with recurring spasms of the small blood vessels upon exposure to cold; characterized by fingers and toes turning white, blue, and red as circulation abnormally overreacts to normal conditions. Emotional stress may also trigger an attack. Named for the French physician (Dr. Maurice Raynaud, pronounced “Raynode”) who first described it. Relaxation techniques. Stress-reducing procedures, which can also be used to help regulate body functions such as finger temperature or pulse rate. These include tensing and relaxing muscles, imagery, breathing techniques, and medication. (See also Biofeedback.) Remission, spontaneous remission. A period during which the symptoms of a disease decrease or go away. If the reason for remission is not related to treatment but seems to occur for no apparent reason, it is called spontaneous. Renal. Relating to the kidneys. Respiratory. Pertaining to breathing or the lungs. Salivary glands. Glands, which secrete fluid (saliva) into the mouth. Sclerodactyly. Thick, tight skin of the fingers and/or toes. (See Joint contracture.) Sclerosis. An abnormal hardening of tissue. Sjögren Syndrome.

A chronic inflammatory disease characterized by decreased secretions, especially dry eyes and dry mouth, named for the Swedish physician who first described it. It may occur alone, or as a part of scleroderma or other autoimmune diseases. (Pronounced “show-gren.”) Skin ulceration. A break in the skin with loss of surface tissue. It may also be associated with inflammation, calcium deposits and infection. Spasm. Involuntary and abnormal contraction of muscle. Stasis. A slowing or stoppage of body fluids as in venous stasis. Also, reduced motility of the intestines with retention of feces. Systemic. Affecting the whole body rather than one of its parts. Opposite of localized. Arteriosclerosis | definition of arteriosclerosis by Medical dictionary Arteriosclerosis | definition of arteriosclerosis by Medical dictionary arteriosclerosis [ahr-te″re-o-sklĕ-ro´sis] any of a group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls; popularly called “hardening of the arteries.” Symptoms depend on the organ system involved.

adj., adj arteriosclerot´ic. There are three main forms of arteriosclerosis: (1) atherosclerosis , the most common type, in which plaques of fatty deposits form in the inner layer ( tunica intima ) of the arteries; (2) Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis, called also medial calcific sclerosis because of involvement of the middle layer ( tunica media ) of the arteries, where there is destruction of muscle and elastic fibers and formation of calcium deposits; and (3) arteriolar sclerosis or arteriolosclerosis , which is marked by thickening of the walls of arterioles. All three forms may be present in the same patient, but in different blood vessels. When reference is made to hardening of the arteries, this usually refers to atherosclerosis; the terms arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are often used interchangeably. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to help individuals modify or eliminate from their lives risk factors for the development of arteriosclerosis. These include cigarette smoking, obesity, elevated cholesterol levels, and sedentary life style. Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis see arteriosclerosis .

arteriosclerosis obli´terans arteriosclerosis in which proliferation of the intima has caused complete obliteration of the lumen of the artery. Cf. endarteritis obliterans . ar·te·ri·o·scle·ro·sis (ar-tēr'ē-ō-skler-ō'sis), [arterio- + G. sklērōsis, hardness] arteriosclerosis /ar·te·rio·scle·ro·sis/ (-sklĕ-ro´sis) a group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls, occurring in three forms: atherosclerosis , Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis , and arteriolosclerosis .arteriosclerot´ic Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis arteriosclerosis with extensive deposits of calcium in the middle coat of the artery. arteriosclerosis obli´terans that in which proliferation of the intima of the small vessels has caused complete obliteration of the lumen of the artery. peripheral arteriosclerosis arteriosclerosis of the limbs. arteriosclerosis (är-tîr′ē-ō-sklə-rō′sĭs) n.

Any of several chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, that are characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries and that lead to impaired blood circulation. ar·te′ri·o·scle·rot′ic (-rŏt′ĭk) adj. arteriosclerosis [ärtir′ē·ō′sklərō′sis] Etymology: Gk, arteria + sklerosis, hardening a common disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls. It results in a decreased blood supply, especially to the cerebrum and lower extremities. The condition often develops with aging and in hypertension, nephrosclerosis, scleroderma, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Typical signs and symptoms include intermittent claudication, changes in skin temperature and color, altered peripheral pulses, bruits over an involved artery, headache, dizziness, and memory defects. Vasodilators and exercise may relieve symptoms, but there is no specific treatment. Preventive measures include therapy for predisposing diseases, adequate rest and exercise, avoidance of stress, and discontinuation of tobacco use.

Kinds of arteriosclerosis include atherosclerosis and Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis . Also called arterial sclerosis, hardening of the arteries . arteriosclerotic, adj. arteriosclerosis A group of diseases, more commonly affecting men over age 50, characterised by thickening and hardening of arterial walls due to accumulation of lipids, calcium and fibrosis, as well as loss of elasticity and narrowing of arterial lumina. ASHD’s early effects are in the lower extremities, with subtotal occlusion and decreased exercise tolerance. Forms ▪ Arteriolosclerosis: – Benign—associated with hyaline arteriolosclerosis; – Malignant—associated with myofibroblast hyperplasia, “onion-skinning” of endothelial basement membrane, and deposit of fibrinoid material in vascular wall. ▪ Atherosclerosis—Formed by cholesterol and cholesterol esters, covered by a fibrous plaque which with time becomes calcified, ulcerated and causes thromboembolism in coronary artery disease (strokes, MIs, leg ischaemia, ischaemia of large intestine).

▪ Mönckeberg sclerosis—Idiopathic and often asymptomatic annular calcified bands occurring in the muscular media of medium to small blood vessels of the extremities. Risk factors Personal or family history of coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease; diabetes; hypertension; kidney disease involving haemodialysis; smoking; obesity. arteriosclerosis ASHD, hardening of the arteries Cardiology ASHD's early effects are in the lower extremities, with subtotal occlusion and decreased ability to withstand exercise without frequent rest periods; atherosclerosis is a generic term for arterial 'hardening'–calcium deposition, sclerosis, and thickening by fibrous tissue with loss of elasticity forms of arteriosclerosis including atherosclerosis–in which there is lipid deposition, Mönckeberg sclerosis, arteriolosclerosis; it is a common disorder usually affecting > age 50 and refers to any of a group of diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the artery wall and in the narrowing of its lumen Risk factors Personal or family history of coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease, DM, HTN, kidney disease involving hemodialysis, smoking, or obesity. See Atherosclerosis , Hyaline arteriosclerosis.

Arteriosclerosis Arteriolosclerosis Benign–associated with hyaline arteriolosclerosis Malignant–associated with myofibroblast hyperplasia, 'onion-skinning' of endothelial basement membrane and deposit of fibrinoid material in vascular wall Atherosclerosis Formed by cholesterol and cholesterol esters, covered by a fibrous plaque which, with time becomes calcified, ulcerated and causes thromboembolism in coronary artery disease–strokes, MIs, leg ischemia-especially in DM, ischemia of large intestine Mönckeberg sclerosis Idiopathic and often asymptomatic annular calcified bands occurring in the muscular media of medium to small blood vessels of the extremities that have been fancifully likened to a goose's neck . [L. arteria, + G. sklērōsis, hardness] arteriosclerosis Hardening of the arteries. The term, once ubiquitous, has become imprecise and has virtually fallen out of use because pure arteriosclerosis is rare. It has been replaced by the term ATHEROSCLEROSIS , which more accurately describes the common degenerative disease of arteries.

Pure arteriosclerosis may occur as a result of calcium deposition in the middle coat (media) of arteries, reducing their elasticity. arteriosclerosis a pathological condition or any of a group of diseases in which there is an increase in the thickness of the arterial walls, a reduction in elasticity of the vessel, and a constriction of diameter which affects the blood flow; the classic ‘hardening of the arteries’ of the elderly. See ATHEROMA . Arteriosclerosis A chronic condition characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries and the build-up of plaque on the arterial walls. Arteriosclerosis can slow or impair blood circulation. Mentioned in: Aneurysmectomy , Angiography , Atherosclerosis , Dizziness , Gangrene , Hypertension , Hypotension arteriosclerosis the 'hardening of the arteries' that occurs to a variable extent with ageing. The main cause is atherosclerosis, when deposits known as atheromatous plaques are formed, mainly of cholesterol , in the walls of arteries and cause narrowing of the lumen, e.g.

in the coronary arteries (leading to angina or thrombosis), in the cerebral arteries (leading to stroke or senile dementia) or in arteries in the legs (causing ischaemic pain when walking). See also claudication . arteriosclerosis age-related artery changes characterized by hardening and stiffening of the wall and loss of arterial pulsatility; exacerbated by hypertension and diabetes; larger arteries (>1 mm diameter) show initial compensatory medial-layer muscular hypertrophy, then later fibrosis of walls and dilatation of the lumen; smaller arteries (<1 mm diameter) and arterioles show medial-layer hypertrophy and thickening of the intimal layer, leading to arteriostenosis and reduction of distal flow arteriosclerosis Thickening and hardening of the walls of arteries which results in an obstruction of the blood flow. It is most frequently the result of hypertension but in the elderly it can develop in the absence of hypertension. In the retina, the branches of the central retinal artery may become straightened at first, later they become lengthened and tortuous, the arteriovenous (A-V) crossings are abnormal.

Arteries resemble 'copper wire' as they become infiltrated with lipid deposits and eventually as 'silver wire' as the deposits increase and the whole thickness of the artery appears as a bright white reflex. Some retinal oedema may be present and as the disease progresses there are retinal haemorrhages and small sharp-edged exudates without surrounding oedema. This retinal condition is called arteriosclerotic retinopathy. See atherosclerosis ; anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy ; hypertensive retinopathy ; sphygmomanometer . ar·te·ri·o·scle·ro·sis (ahr-tēr'ē-ō-skler-ō'sis)

Question: The medical term sclerosis refers to the abnormal (what?) of body tissue?
Answer: Hardening