aspirin (Bayer, etc.): Side Effects, Dosage & Overdose Pharmacy Author: Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD Dr. Ogbru received his Doctorate in Pharmacy from the University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy in 1995. He completed a Pharmacy Practice Residency at the University of Arizona/University Medical Center in 1996. He was a Professor of Pharmacy Practice and a Regional Clerkship Coordinator for the University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy from 1996-99. Medical and Pharmacy Editor: Jay W. Marks, MD Jay W. Marks, MD Jay W. Marks, MD, is a board-certified internist and gastroenterologist. He graduated from Yale University School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine and gastroenterology at UCLA/Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. arthritis , and other musculoskeletal conditions. Other members of this class include ibuprofen ( Motrin ), indomethacin ( Indocin ), nabumetone (Relafen) and several others.

They all work by reducing the levels of prostaglandins, chemicals that are released when there is inflammation and that cause pain and fever . NSAIDs block the enzyme that makes prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase), resulting in lower concentrations of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, pain, and fever are reduced. Inhibition of prostaglandins also reduces the function of platelets and the ability of blood to clot. Aspirin, inhibits the function of platelets in a manner that is different from other NSAIDs, and its antithrombotic effects last longer than other NSAIDs. This is why aspirin is used for preventing heart attacks and strokes. The FDA approved Bayer aspirin in June 1965. PRESCRIBED FOR: Aspirin is used for the treatment of inflammation, fever, and pain that results from many forms of arthritis, including Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid; ASA) (Professional Patient Advice) - Drugs.com Acute MI Adults PO 160 to 325 mg as soon as MI is suspected. Continue 160 to 325 mg daily for 30 days postinfarction.

Consider further therapy after 30 days for prevention of recurrent MI. The American College of Chest Physicians recommends maintenance dosages of 75 to 100 mg once daily in patients post non–ST-segment elevation MI and 75 to 162 mg once daily in patients after ST-segment elevation MI. Analgesic/Antipyretic Adults and Children 12 yr of age and older PO 324 to 1,000 mg every 4 to 6 h as needed of regular-release products; max, 4,000 mg per 24 h. 1,300 mg followed by 650 to 1,300 mg every 8 h for controlled-release, delayed-release, or ER products; max, 3,900 mg per 24 h. Children 2 to 12 yr of age PO 10 to 15 mg/kg per dose every 4 h as needed (up to 80 mg/kg/day). Angina Pectoris PO 75 to 325 mg once daily. Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Conditions Adults PO 3 g/day in divided doses.

Carotid Endarterectomy PO 80 mg once daily to 650 mg twice daily, started presurgery. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Adults PO 325 mg daily starting 6 h postprocedure. Continue therapy for 1 yr postprocedure. The American College of Chest Physicians recommends 75 to 100 mg once daily, started 6 h after surgery. Ischemic Stroke and TIA Adults PO 50 to 325 mg once daily. The American College of Chest Physicians recommends 75 to 325 mg once daily in patients with cardioembolic stroke who have contraindications to anticoagulation and 50 to 100 mg once daily in patients with noncardioembolic stroke or TIA. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis PO 90 to 130 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 to 8 h. MI Prophylaxis Adults PO 75 to 325 mg/day. The American College of Chest Physicians recommends 75 to 100 mg once daily as primary prophylaxis.

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty PO 325 mg 2 h presurgery, then 160 to 325 mg daily. Spondyloarthropathies PO Up to 4 g/day in divided doses. Off-Label Dosing PO 75 to 325 mg once daily. Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Adults PO 50 to 100 mg once daily. Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve Adults PO 50 to 100 mg once daily after 3 months of anticoagulation. Blalock-Taussig Shunt, Fontan Surgery, or Ischemic Stroke Children PO 1 to 5 mg/kg/day. Continue for a minimum of 2 yr in children with ischemic stroke. Infrainguinal Arterial Reconstruction or Bypass Adults PO 75 to 100 mg once daily, begun preoperatively. Internal Mammary Artery Bypass Grafting Adults PO 75 to 162 mg once daily.

Kawasaki Disease Adults PO 80 to 100 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for up to 14 days within 10 days of symptom onset, followed by 1 to 5 mg/kg/day for a minimum of 6 to 8 wk. Aspirin therapy may continue indefinitely in patients with significant cardiac sequelae from Kawasaki disease. Children PO 80 to 100 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses until 48 to 72 h after fever defervescence, followed by 3 to 5 mg/kg/day. Continue for 6 to 8 weeks or until erythrocyte sedimentation rate and platelet count are normal and if no coronary artery abnormalities are present, or indefinitely if coronary artery abnormalities persist. Mechanical Heart Valve Adults PO 50 to 100 mg once a day in addition to anticoagulation. Mitral Annular Calcification With Systemic Embolism, Stroke, or TIA Adults PO 50 to 100 mg once daily Mitral Valve Prolapse With Documented TIA or Stroke Adults PO 50 to 100 mg once daily.

Postherpetic Neuralgia Adults Topical Aspirin (median dose, 1,000 mg) in diethyl ether applied as a single dose. Other trials used multiple doses of different topical applications (1,200 mg in 20 to 30 mL of chloroform; 750 mg in 100 g of washable ointment). Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Adults PO Initially, 300 to 325 mg between 2 and 24 h before PCI is performed in patients not on daily aspirin therapy, or 75 to 325 mg once before PCI is performed in patients on daily aspirin therapy. Follow by 162 to 325 mg once daily for 1, 3, and 6 months for patients with bare metal, sirolimus-eluting, and tacrolimus-eluting stents, respectively. Maintenance dosage is 75 to 162 mg. Peripheral Arterial Disease Adults PO 75 to 100 mg once daily.

Prophylaxis of Thromboembolism in Pregnant Women Prosthetic Heart Valves Adults PO 75 to 100 mg once daily. Storage/Stability Acetylsalicylic Acid - Chemistry Encyclopedia - structure, name Acetylsalicylic Acid - Chemistry Encyclopedia Acetylsalicylic Acid Photo by: Rick Sargeant Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, see Figure 1) was introduced as an analgesic (pain-relieving agent) in the late nineteenth century by chemists at Bayer, a German pharmaceutical company. Acetylsalicylic acid is a prodrug and is transformed in the body to salicylate, the active form of the drug. Salicylates are also anti-inflammatory (i.e., prevent swelling and phenomena related to swelling associated with trauma or allergic response). Salicylates were initially isolated from white willow ( Salix alba ) bark, from which the name of the drug is derived. Indeed, ancient Greek physicians, notably Hippocrates and Dioscorides, suggested chewing on willow bark to relieve pain. Although aspirin is chiefly extolled for its analgesic properties, it has other equally important therapeutic benefits.

Aspirin is an antipyretic (feverreducing) agent and is used to reduce elevated body temperature. Since the 1980s aspirin has been prescribed for the prevention of heart attack and stroke. Recent studies suggest that aspirin may guard against colon cancer. Acetylsalicylic acid is a weak acid (pK a = 3.5) that can be absorbed across the mucosal lining of the stomach. However, most of the drug is absorbed from the upper regions of the small intestine. Once the drug has entered the bloodstream it is hydrolyzed to acetic acid and salicylic acid (see Figure 2). The most widely recognized mode of action of the salicylates is the inhibition of the formation of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are 20-carbon molecules having side chains of varying degrees of saturation and oxidation , synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body in response to tissue damage. The localized release of prostaglandins in response to injury or invasion by foreign agents (antigens) results in an increased blood flow to the affected area, and stimulation of the sensory nerve endings that mediate pain.

Salicylates inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by binding to prostaglandin cyclooxygenases (the enzymes responsible for transforming fatty acids into prostaglandins), thereby inactivating the enzymes. Figure 1. Structure of acetylsalicylic acid. Aspirin is one of the most widely used drugs in modern society. It is most frequently used to treat mild to moderate pain or to reduce fever. Because of its anti-inflammatory action, aspirin is prescribed to individuals who suffer from joint inflammation conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In addition to its antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, aspirin is also prescribed to patients at high risk for heart attack Figure 2. Hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid to acetic acid and salicylic acid. or stroke. Salicylates retard the clotting of blood by inhibiting platelet aggregation. When platelets aggregate, clotting is promoted and blood flow through vessels and valves is impeded. A stroke results when blood flow to regions of the brain is blocked.

Aspirin inhibits enzymes in platelet membranes responsible for the formation of platelet aggregation factors, and thus reduces the risk of blood clots. Enzyme inhibition may also be responsible for aspirin's purported anticancer action. Recent findings suggest that regular doses of aspirin reduce the risks of some cancers (particularly colon cancer). Although scientists do not know how aspirin reduces the risk of cancer, they suspect it could be related to its anti-inflammatory effects and its ability to inhibit enzymes produced by some cancer cells. Not all of aspirin's health effects are beneficial. Salicylate therapy is associated with many adverse side effects, generally pertaining to the gastrointestinal system. Gastric ulcers and gastric bleeding can occur in individuals on high doses of aspirin. More worrisome is the occurrence of Reye's syndrome in children with viral illnesses such as influenza or chicken pox who have been given aspirin. Reye's syndrome is a serious condition characterized by sudden vomiting, violent headaches, and, in 20 to 30 percent of cases, death.

Because of the potential risk of Reye's syndrome in young people administered aspirin, many physicians and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warn against the use of salicylates in children under sixteen years of age. FRIEDRICH BAYER (1825–1880) In 1863 Friedrich Bayer cofounded a dye manufacturing company in Germany. Eight years after his death, in 1888 the company opened a pharmaceutical division. A decade later, employee Felix Hoffman, concerned over his father's aches and pains, discovered a useful chemical in the waste of the dye process. Known as aspirin, it remains a popular painkiller over 100 years later. —Valerie Borek Aspirin: MedlinePlus Drug Information [Posted 06/06/2016] AUDIENCE: Consumer ISSUE: The FDA is warning consumers about the risk of serious bleeding when using nonprescription, also known as over-the-counter or OTC, aspirin-containing antacid products to treat heartburn, sour stomach, acid indigestion, or upset stomach. Many other products for these conditions are available that do not contain aspirin.

These widely used products already contain warnings about this bleeding risk on their labels; however, we are continuing to receive reports of this serious safety issue. As a result, we will continue to evaluate this safety concern and plan to convene an advisory committee of external experts to provide input regarding whether additional FDA actions are needed. BACKGROUND: OTC aspirin-antacid products are sold under various trade names, including Alka-Seltzer Original, Bromo Seltzer, Medique Medi Seltzer, Picot Plus Effervescent, Vida Mia Pain Relief, Winco Foods Effervescent Antacid and Pain Relief, and Zee-Seltzer Antacid and Pain Reliever. They are also available as generic products. In 2009, a warning about the risk of serious bleeding was added to the labels of all OTC products that contain NSAIDs, including aspirin-containing antacid products. However, a search of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database identified eight cases of serious bleeding events associated with these products after the warning was added. All of these patients were hospitalized. Patients had underlying conditions such as the risk factors above that put them at greater risk for developing serious bleeding events (see Data Summary at ).

The FAERS database includes only reports submitted to FDA so there are likely additional cases about which we are unaware. RECOMMENDATION: Consumers should always read the Drug Facts label carefully when purchasing or taking an OTC product to treat heartburn, acid indigestion, or sour or upset stomach. If the product contains aspirin, consider whether you should choose a product without aspirin to relieve your symptoms. Aspirin is a commonly used pain reducer and fever reducer. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can increase the risk of bleeding, including in the stomach and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Ask your pharmacist if you need help reading the Drug Facts label. If you have one or more of the following risk factors, you may have a higher chance of serious bleeding when taking aspirin-containing antacid products: Are 60 years or older Have a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding problems Take a blood-thinning or steroid medicine Take other medicines containing NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen Drink three or more alcoholic drinks every day Taking more of these medicines than the amount recommended or for a longer period than recommended will increase the risk of serious bleeding. For more information visit the FDA website at: and .

Why is this medication prescribed? Prescription aspirin is used to relieve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (arthritis caused by swelling of the lining of the joints), osteoarthritis (arthritis caused by breakdown of the lining of the joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (condition in which the immune system attacks the joints and organs and causes pain and swelling) and certain other rheumatologic conditions (conditions in which the immune system attacks parts of the body). Nonprescription aspirin is used to reduce fever and to relieve mild to moderate pain from headaches, menstrual periods, arthritis, colds, toothaches, and muscle aches. Nonprescription aspirin is also used to prevent heart attacks in people who have had a heart attack in the past or who have angina (chest pain that occurs when the heart does not get enough oxygen). Nonprescription aspirin is also used to reduce the risk of death in people who are experiencing or who have recently experienced a heart attack.

Nonprescription aspirin is also used to prevent ischemic strokes (strokes that occur when a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the brain) or mini-strokes (strokes that occur when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked for a short time) in people who have had this type of stroke or mini-stroke in the past. Aspirin will not prevent hemorrhagic strokes (strokes caused by bleeding in the brain). Aspirin is in a group of medications called salicylates. It works by stopping the production of certain natural substances that cause fever, pain, swelling, and blood clots. Aspirin is also available in combination with other medications such as antacids, pain relievers, and cough and cold medications. This monograph only includes information about the use of aspirin alone. If you are taking a combination product, read the information on the package or prescription label or ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. How should this medicine be used? Prescription aspirin comes as an extended-release ( long-acting) tablet.

Nonprescription aspirin comes as a regular tablet, a delayed-release (releases the medication in the intestine to prevent damage to the stomach) tablet, a chewable tablet, powder, and a gum to take by mouth and a suppository to use rectally. Prescription aspirin is usually taken two or more times a day. Nonprescription aspirin is usually taken once a day to lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Nonprescription aspirin is usually taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed to treat fever or pain. Follow the directions on the package or prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take aspirin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than directed by the package label or prescribed by your doctor. Swallow the extended-release tablets whole with a full glass of water. Do not break, crush, or chew them. Swallow the delayed-release tablets with a full glass of water. Chewable aspirin tablets may be chewed, crushed, or swallowed whole. Drink a full glass of water, immediately after taking these tablets. Ask a doctor before you give aspirin to your child or teenager.

Aspirin may cause Reye's syndrome (a serious condition in which fat builds up on the brain, liver, and other body organs) in children and teenagers, especially if they have a virus such as chicken pox or the flu. If you have had oral surgery or surgery to remove your tonsils in the last 7 days, talk to your doctor about which types of aspirin are safe for you. Delayed-release tablets begin to work some time after they are taken. Do not take delayed-release tablets for fever or pain that must be relieved quickly. Stop taking aspirin and call your doctor if your fever lasts longer than 3 days, if your pain lasts longer than 10 days, or if the part of your body that was painful becomes red or swollen. You may have a condition that must be treated by a doctor. To insert an aspirin suppository into the rectum, follow these steps: Remove the wrapper. Dip the tip of the suppository in water. Lie down on your left side and raise your right knee to your chest.

(If you are left-handed, lie on your right side and raise your left knee.) Using your finger, insert the suppository into the rectum, about 1/2 to 1 inch (1.25 to 2.5 centimeters) in infants and children and 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in adults. Hold it in place for a few moments. Do not stand up for at least 15 minutes. Then wash your hands thoroughly and resume your normal activities. Other uses for this medicine Aspirin is also sometimes used to treat rheumatic fever (a serious condition that may develop after a strep throat infection and may cause swelling of the heart valves) and Kawasaki disease (an illness that may cause heart problems in children). Aspirin is also sometimes used to lower the risk of blood clots in patients who have artificial heart valves or certain other heart conditions and to prevent certain complications of pregnancy. What special precautions should I follow? Before taking aspirin, tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to aspirin, other medications for pain or fever, tartrazine dye, or any other medications.

tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take.

Be sure to mention any of the following: acetazolamide (Diamox); angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril, (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril), ramipril (Altace), and trandolapril (Mavik); anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin) and heparin; beta blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin), labetalol (Normodyne), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolol (Corgard), and propranolol (Inderal); diuretics ('water pills'); medications for diabetes or arthritis; medications for gout such as probenecid and sulfinpyrazone (Anturane); methotrexate (Trexall); other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

 such as naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn); phenytoin (Dilantin); and valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote).

Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you more carefully for side effects. if you are taking aspirin on a regular basis to prevent heart attack or stroke, do not take ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) to treat pain or fever without talking to your doctor. Your doctor will probably tell you to allow some time to pass between taking your daily dose of aspirin and taking a dose of ibuprofen. tell your doctor if you have or have ever had asthma, frequent stuffed or runny nose, or nasal polyps (growths on the linings of the nose). If you have these conditions, there is a risk that you will have an allergic reaction to aspirin. Your doctor may tell you that you should not take aspirin. tell your doctor if you often have heartburn, upset stomach, or stomach pain and if you have or have ever had ulcers, anemia, bleeding problems such as hemophilia, or kidney or liver disease. tell your doctor if you are pregnant, especially if you are in the last few months of your pregnancy, you plan to become pregnant, or you are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking aspirin, call your doctor.

Aspirin may harm the fetus and cause problems with delivery if it is taken during the last few months of pregnancy. if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking aspirin. if you drink three or more alcoholic drinks every day, ask your doctor if you should take aspirin or other medications for pain and fever. What special dietary instructions should I follow? Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your normal diet. What should I do if I forget a dose? If your doctor has told you to take aspirin on a regular basis and you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. What side effects can this medication cause? Aspirin may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: nausea stomach pain heartburn Some side effects can be serious.

If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: hives swelling of the eyes, face, lips, tongue, or throat wheezing or difficulty breathing vomit that looks like coffee grounds bright red blood in stools black or tarry stools Aspirin may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you experience any unusual problems while you are taking this medication. If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online ( ) or by phone (1-800-332-1088). What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication? Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Store aspirin suppositories in a cool place or in a refrigerator. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed and any tablets that have a strong vinegar smell. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

In case of emergency/overdose In case of overdose, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local emergency services at 911. Symptoms of overdose may include: burning pain in the throat or stomach vomiting loss of consciousness for a period of time What other information should I know? Keep all appointments with your doctor. If you are taking prescription aspirin, do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription. It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.

Brand names Aspirin: Health Benefits, Uses, and Risks - Medical News Today Aspirin: Health Benefits, Uses, and Risks Written by Christian NordqvistReviewed by University of Illinois-Chicago, School of Medicine 4 8 Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a common drug that is generally used as a pain reliever for minor aches and pains, to reduce fever, and also as an anti-inflammatory drug. Aspirin has also become increasingly popular as a drug to prevent clot-forming; it is used long-term in low doses to prevent heart attacks and strokes in high-risk patients. Nowadays, aspirin is often given to patients immediately after a heart attack to prevent recurrence or cardiac tissue death. This article will explain what aspirin is and what it is used for; we will also cover precautions, side effects, and any risks. Contents of this article: Fast facts on aspirin Here are some key points about aspirin. More detail and supporting information is in the main article.

Aspirin is one of the most widely used medications in the world Aspirin is a derivative of salicylate, which can be found in such plants as willow trees and myrtle Aspirin was the first non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug to be discovered Apollo Moon astronauts had Aspirin included in their self-medication kits Aspirin interacts with a number of other drugs, including warfarin and methotrexate What is aspirin? Aspirin is commonly used to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever and prevent clot formation. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). NSAIDs are medications with the following effects: Analgesic - pain relief without anesthesia or loss of consciousness Antipyretic - reduces a fever Anti-inflammatory - in higher doses Non-steroidal simply means they are not steroids, which often have similar effects. As analgesics, NSAIDs are generally non-narcotic (do not cause insensibility or stupor). Aspirin was the first NSAID to be discovered. Aspirin in its present form has been around for over 100 years and is still one of the most widely used medications in the world.

It is estimated that approximately 35,000 metric tons of aspirin is consumed annually. Aspirin is a trademark owned by German pharmaceutical company - Bayer; the generic term for aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Therapeutic uses of aspirin Aspirin is one of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of mild to moderate pain, as well as migraines and fever . For the treatment of moderate to severe pain, it is frequently used along with other opioid analgesic and NSAIDs. Below are some of the therapeutic uses of aspirin: Mild to moderate pain For the prevention of stroke (in lower doses) For the prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with cardiovascular disease In the treatment of pericarditis In the treatment of coronary artery disease In the treatment of myocardial infarction Aspirin and children Acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol) and ibuprofen are generally used for children; not aspirin. Aspirin and salicylate NSAID usage in children raise the risk of developing Reye's Syndrome .

In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, aspirin is only occasionally used in children under specialist supervision for Kawasaki disease and to prevent blood clot formation after heart surgery. Low-dose aspirin Low-dose aspirin (75 milligrams per day) is used as an antiplatelet medication - to prevent the formation of clots in the blood. Low-dose aspirin may be given to patients who had: A coronary artery bypass graft operation A heart attack Atrial fibrillation Acute coronary syndrome The following people may also be given low-dose aspirin if the doctor believes they are at risk of heart attack or stroke: Patients with high blood cholesterol levels The following patients may also be advised to take low-dose aspirin: Those with damage to the retina (retinopathy) Some patients who have had diabetes for over 10 years Some patients who are taking antihypertensive medications In all these cases, low-dose aspirin will be taken daily for the rest of the patient's life.

Precautions for aspirin use Aspirin is not recommended for the following patients : People who have a peptic ulcer Patients with hemophilia or any other bleeding disorder People with a known allergy to aspirin People who are allergic to any NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen Children under 16 years of age (unless under specialist medical supervision) The following people should be cautious about taking aspirin, and should only do so if the doctor agrees: Patients with asthma People who have had a previous peptic ulcer Patients with liver problems Patients with kidney problems Anyone planning to have a surgical operation should tell their doctor if they are taking regular aspirin. In many cases, patients will be asked to stop taking the aspirin for 7 days before the operation. Pregnant or breast-feeding patients may take low-dose aspirin, but only under their doctor's supervision. High-dose aspirin is not recommended. Drug interactions with aspirin If taken alongside anti-inflammatory painkillers such as ibuprofen and diclofenac, aspirin can increase the risk of stomach bleeding. Sometimes, one medication can undermine the efficacy of another medication - this is called a drug interaction.

Below is a list of the most common drugs that aspirin interacts with (there are more): Anti-inflammatory painkillers - such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and naproxen increase the risk of stomach bleeding if taken in combination with aspirin. Methotrexate - used in the treatment of cancer and some autoimmune diseases. Aspirin can make it harder for the body to eliminate methotrexate, resulting in high and potentially dangerous levels of methotrexate in the body. SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) antidepressants - drugs, such as citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, and sertraline, taken with aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding. Warfarin - this is an anticoagulant drug (a blood thinner); it stops the blood from clotting. Aspirin taken with warfarin can reduce the drug's anticoagulant effects, increasing the risk of bleeding. In some situations, however, a doctor may prescribe aspirin together with warfarin.

Aspirin side effects The most common side effects of aspirin are: Irritation of the stomach or gut Aspirin acetylsalicylic acid Chemistry Tutorial Want chemistry games, drills, tests and more? You need to become an AUS-e-TUTE Member ! Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) Key Concepts Aspirin is widely used as an analgesic (pain reliever) and an antipyretic (for reducing fever). It is also used to help prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clot formation in people at risk of developing blood clots. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is an aromatic compound containing both a carboxylic acid functional group and an ester functional group. Aspirin is a weak acid that is only slightly soluble in water. Aspirin can be prepared by reacting salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst. Please do not block ads on this website. No ads = no money for us = no free stuff for you!

Structure of Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) contains three groups: carboxylic acid functional group (R-COOH) ester functional group (R-O-CO-R') the equilibrium position lies well to the left, favouring molecular aspirin. Solubility Aspirin is only slightly soluble in water and acidic solutions such as is present in the stomach. Aspirin contains polar functional groups which can form hydrogen bonds with polar water molecules. Aspirin is more soluble in basic (alkaline) solutions, so it readily dissolves in the duodenum which is the first part of the intestine. Ionic salts of aspirin, such as sodium acetylsalicylate, are more soluble in water since they form stronger ion-dipole interactions with water . These ionic salts of aspirin are sometimes marketed as "soluble aspirin".

When you add water to the soluble aspirin, eg, sodium acetylsalicylate, it dissociates to form sodium ions and acetylsalicylate ions: sodium acetylsalicylate Bayer (Aspirin): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses Read All Potential Side Effects and See Pictures of Bayer » What are the precautions when taking aspirin (Bayer)? Before taking aspirin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other salicylates (such as choline salicylate); or to other pain relievers or fever reducers (NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen); or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: bleeding/blood-clotting disorders (such as hemophilia, vitamin K deficiency, low platelet count). If you have any of the following health problems, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using this medication: kidney disease, liver...

salicylic acid topical : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD salicylic acid topical 10 Uses This medication is used on the skin to treat common skin and foot (plantar) warts . Salicylic acid helps cause the wart to gradually peel off. This medication is also used to help remove corns and calluses . This product should not be used on the face or on moles, birthmarks , warts with hair growing from them, or genital/anal warts. Salicylic acid is a keratolytic. It belongs to the same class of drugs as aspirin ( salicylates ). It works by increasing the amount of moisture in the skin and dissolving the substance that causes the skin cells to stick together. This makes it easier to shed the skin cells. Warts are caused by a virus. Salicylic acid does not affect the virus. How to use salicylic acid topical Follow all directions on the product package. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist. This medication is for use on the skin only.

To avoid irritation, do not let this medication come into contact with your eyes , nose, mouth , groin, or any broken skin. If you do get the medication in those areas, flush the area with cool water for 15 minutes. Wash hands after use. First, soak the corn, callus, or wart in warm water for about 5 minutes to soften the treatment area. Dry thoroughly. Your doctor may direct you to use a pumice stone, callus file, or emery board to carefully remove the top dead layers of skin after soaking and before applying the medication. This dead skin removal is only to help the medication work better. Do not try to rub the wart or callus off. If you are using a liquid/gel, apply a few drops or a thin coat of the medication to cover the entire wart, callus, or corn using the applicator if provided. Be careful to apply it only to the affected area and not the surrounding skin. Let dry for 5 minutes. Depending on the brand used, you may need to apply the medication twice with each treatment. Check your product package and follow the directions carefully. You may cover the area loosely with a bandage.

Repeat this procedure 1 to 2 times daily for up to 2 weeks for corns and calluses and 12 weeks for warts or as directed by your doctor. If you are using a medicated pad or bandage, you may need to cut the pad so that it covers the treatment area completely but does not touch the surrounding skin. Peel off the protective covering and place the patch/bandage over the area. Leave in place according to package directions. Remove and place a new patch/bandage as directed (usually every 8 to 48 hours depending on brand). Repeat this procedure for up to 2 weeks for corns and calluses and 12 weeks for warts. Dosage is based on your medical condition, product type/brand, and response to treatment. Do not use large amounts, apply this medication more often, or use it for a longer period than directed. Your condition will not clear faster, but the chance for side effects may be increased. Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, use it at the same time each day. If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.

What conditions does salicylic acid topical treat? Side Effects Slight burning, skin redness, and peeling may occur. These effects are expected. If any of these effects worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: spreading skin redness around the treated area, signs of infection (e.g., pus, milky/bloody discharge), formation of a deep sore (ulcer) at the treatment site. A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction , including: rash , itching /swelling (especially of the face/ tongue /throat), severe dizziness , trouble breathing . This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. In the US - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345. List salicylic acid topical side effects by likelihood and severity. Precautions Before using salicylic acid, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs- NSAIDs (e.g., aspirin , ibuprofen , naproxen ); or if you have any other allergies . This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: diabetes , poor blood circulation (e.g., peripheral vascular disease), skin infection/irritation. If you are going to have an MRI test , tell testing personnel if you are using the patch. Some patches may contain metals that can cause serious burns during an MRI.

Ask your doctor whether you will need to remove your patch before the test and apply a new patch afterward, and how to do so properly. Caution is advised when using this drug in the elderly because they are more likely to have blood circulation problems that may make it more difficult for the skin to heal. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not become pregnant while using salicylic acid. Salicylic acid may harm an unborn baby. If you become pregnant while using salicylic acid, talk to your doctor right away about its risk and benefits. It is not known whether this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast -feeding. What should I know regarding pregnancy, nursing and administering salicylic acid topical to children or the elderly? Interactions If you are using this product under your doctor's direction, your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first. Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you use any of the following: other products used on the treated skin. This document does not contain all possible interactions.

Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist. Overdose This medicine may be harmful if swallowed. If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Notes If your doctor has prescribed this medication for you, do not share it with others. Missed Dose If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up. Storage Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Different brands of this medication have different storage needs. Check the product package for instructions on how to store your brand, or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medications away from children and pets. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so.

Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product. Information last revised July 2016. Copyright(c) 2016 First Databank, Inc. Images Sorry. No images are available for this medication. Add to Cabinet Add Adderall to my medicine cabinet. I am Acetaminophen vs Aspirin - Difference and Comparison | Diffen Acetaminophen vs. Aspirin Diffen › Health › Medication › Painkillers Acetaminophen and Aspirin are analgesics— painkillers —with comparable efficacy, but because of its anti-inflammatory properties, aspirin can be more effective when dealing with inflammation. Acetaminophen can be given to children in limited doses, but aspirin is not recommended for children and adolescents because of the risk of Reye's syndrome . Comparison chart Acetaminophen versus Aspirin comparison chart Acetaminophen Over the counter (OTC) in the U.S Over the counter (U.S.) Most commonly oral, also rectal.

Lysine acetylsalicylate may be given IV or IM Used for Pain relief, fever reduction, anti-inflammatory. Bioavailability Rapidly and completely absorbed Trade names Acetaminophen is the generic name. Brand names for the drug include Tylenol , Feverall, Panadol, Anacin and Excedrin (with aspirin) Aspirin (Bayer) Half life 1–4 hours 300–650 mg dose: 3.1–3.2 hours; 1 g dose: 5 hours; 2 g dose: 9 hours Adverse effects Minimal, except for rare but potentially fatal skin reactions. Stomach/intenstine bleeding Safe: A (AU); B (US) Not safe: C (AU) D (US) Introduction Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer. It is a major ingredient in cold and flu medication. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication.

Processed in Absorbed in small intestine, processed in liver, stomach and other organs Recommended for children 14 mg/mL (25 °C) mg/mL (20 °C) 3 mg/mL (20 °C) 8 References Indications Acetaminophen, internationally known as paracetamol, is the active ingredient in both Tylenol and Excedrin. Acetaminophen is used to lower fevers and ease headaches, so it is also found in many cold and flu relievers. The suggested dosage for adults is 325 to 650mg every four to six hours, not to exceed 4,000mg in 24 hours. The recommended dosage for children is 10 to 15mg per kilograms of body weight every four to six hours, not to exceed 65mg per kilogram in 24 hours. Aspirin, also called acetylsalicylic acid , is the active ingredient in Bayer. Aspirin is used to lower fevers and to ease muscle aches, toothaches, and headaches. It is also used in certain circumstances to treat heart disease and arthritis.

Adults may take a standard tablet four times a day. Aspirin is not recommended for children and adolescents because of the risk of Reye's syndrome . Low-dose aspirin had been widely recommended to prevent heart attacks but in May 2014 the FDA issued new guidelines that recommended patients who have not experienced a heart attack, stroke or cardiovascular problems should not take daily aspirin. In August, 2014, the journal Annals of Oncology published a study that concluded that a daily dose of aspirin between 75 and 325 mg, when taken for 5 to 10 years, reduces the risk of cancer. How it Works Acetaminophen works by being absorbed into the bloodstream. Once absorbed, it blocks the body's production of prostaglandins, a lipid compound in the body that causes inflammation and fever. Acetaminophen gets processed in the liver. The following video explains in detail how acetaminophen works, what its effects are, and which drug interactions you should watch for: Aspirin also gets absorbed into the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, aspirin inhibits chemicals, such as cyclo-oxygenase, which cause the production of prostaglandins.

Aspirin, which is an NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug), also reduces heat and inflammation. It is mostly absorbed in the small intestine and processed in the liver, stomach , and other organs. Efficacy Unlike aspirin, acetaminophen does not reduce inflammation. It is therefore less effective for body aches, toothaches, and menstrual cramps. Studies showed that the antipyrectic (fever reducing) efficacy of acetaminophen was greater as compared to that of aspirin, while aspirin was more effective as an anti-inflammatory for dental pain than a combination of acetaminophen and codeine. Acetaminophen and aspirin provided equal relief when it came to pain caused by cluster headaches . Another study comparing acetaminophen and aspirin in the treatment of fever and other symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in adults concluded that both medications were equally effective and had similar safety profiles and tolerability. Risks There are studies [1] that point to liver damage as the main risk of prolonged use or overdose of acetaminophen, which is exacerbated by drinking alcohol. Overdose is also a risk as many medications contain acetaminophen.

Likewise, acetaminophen interacts with drugs that increase liver enzymes , such as carbamazepine, isoniazid and rifampin, all of which reduce acetaminophen's effect. Even a marginally higher dose than what's recommended can be fatal, as warned in this video: Aspirin reduces inflammation, but it can cause stomach irritation. Stomach or intestinal bleeding caused by aspirin can be fatal. Risks for taking aspirin are stomach distress, especially related to bleeding and ulcers. Kidney damage is also a possibility. There are many risk factors for taking aspirin. People who are over 60 or who have preexisting conditions, such as stomach ulcers, bleeding problems, high blood pressure, heart disease, and kidney disease, should talk to their doctors before taking aspirin. Aspirin interacts with prescription blood thinners, diuretics, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (antidepressants), all of which may increase bleeding risks. Aspirin cannot be given to children and adolescents as it can lead to Reye's syndrome.

The video below discusses the risks and benefits of Aspirin: Drug Interaction There are some drugs that do not interact well when used with acetaminophen or aspirin. A doctor should be consulted before taking any medication in conjunction with acetaminophen or aspirin, especially: Acetazolamide, methotrexate, a blood thinner (warfarin, Coumadin), a diuretic or "water pill," or a steroid; Medicine used to prevent blood clots--dalteparin, desirudin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux, tinzaparin, and others; or NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)--ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen ( Aleve ), celecoxib, diclofenac, ketorolac, and others. Forms and Shelf Life Acetaminophen comes in several forms: caplets, chewable tablets, gel tabs, liquid and tablets. Acetaminophen lasts up to three years in its solid forms and two years in its liquid forms. Products containing acetaminophen should be stored in a cool, dry place. Aspirin comes in coated or uncoated tablets.

The coating makes the tablet easier to swallow. Aspirin's shelf life is two to three years. Common Brand Names The most popular brand names Acetaminophen (aka Paracetamol) is sold under are Tylenol , Feverall, Panadol, Anacin and Excedrin (a combination of acetaminophen and aspirin ). Aspirin is the main ingredient in Bayer, Ecotrin, Midol. Excedrin for migraines is a combination of acetaminophen, aspirin and caffeine. References

Question: Acetylsalicylic acid is a commonly taken drug, what is its usual name?
Answer: Aspirin