Miss Universe 1930 - Event held in US - YouTube Miss Universe 1930 - Event held in US Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Dec 29, 2014 The International Pageant of Pulchritude, also known as the International Beauty Contest or the Miss Universe Contest, was a beauty contest that began in 1926, featuring contestants from multiple nations. The last pageant event in the U.S. was held in 1931 although additional Miss Universe events were held until 1935. The pageant was the first international contest and served as a model for modern contests. The contest originated in Galveston, Texas, United States. The last Miss Universe event of this pre-World War II era was held in Brussels, Belgium. Though this contest served as a model and inspiration for the modern Miss Universe contests, the modern organization has no direct affiliation with these older contests.

The event became an international sensation although, ironically, the national media in the U.S. gave the event far less attention than the press in some other countries. The media in Brazil was particularly enamored with the 1929 contest. Huge crowds were reported near the offices of Brazil's major newspapers awaiting word of the fate of Miss Brazil. She did not, however, even place in the contest. Angered, Brazil hosted its own "Miss Universe" contest in 1930 leading to two separate titleholders in that year. In the Brazilian event, "Miss United States" was unable to place in the competition. Miss Universe 1930 where event held in the United Stated won by Dorothy Dell Goff from United State. She was born in Hattiesburg, Mississippi to entertainers, she moved with the family to New Orleans, Louisiana, at age 13. She was born into a socially prominent family, and her mother was a descendant of Jefferson Davis. Initially desiring to become a singer, she was discovered by composer Wesley Lord, and soon signed a radio contract.

She began entering and winning beauty pageants and at the age of 15 won the title of "Miss New Orleans" in 1930. That same year she attended the International Pageant of Pulchritude in Galveston, Texas, and won. With this success. she established a successful vaudeville act. Although she had received better offers, she decided to enter the vaudeville circuit, because she believed it would enable her to help her friend Dorothy Lamour rise to fame, a promise she had made shortly before winning the Miss Universe title. She moved to Hollywood in December 1933 and was signed to a contract by Paramount Pictures. Initially being contracted for bit parts, she won her first film role over such established contenders as Mae Clarke and Isabel Jewell and made her debut in Wharf Angel (1934). The film was a success and the reviews for Dell were favorable; Paramount began to consider her as a potential star. Her most important and substantial role followed in the Shirley Temple film Little Miss Marker. Her next film Shoot the Works led to comparisons with Mae West, and her rendition of the ballad "With My Eyes Wide Open, I'm Dreaming" in the film became a hit record.

Paramount scheduled her to play opposite Gary Cooper and Shirley Temple in Now and Forever in what was to have been her first major starring role as a romantic lead. On June 8, 1934, Dell agreed to a car ride to Pasadena with 38-year-old Dr. Carl Wagner, because he insisted that she take some time for relaxation between retakes of Shoot the Works, and to meet his mother, whom he wanted to show "how sweet a little movie star can be." After the meeting, they went to an all-night party at an inn in Altadena, California. Afterward they were going to Pasadena when the car left the highway, hit a telephone pole, bounced off a palm tree and hit a boulder. Dell was killed instantly. Wagner, who was driving between 50 and 70 miles an hour, died six hours later in a hospital. Category Miss Universe 1932 - Keriman Halis Ece from Turkey - YouTube Miss Universe 1932 - Keriman Halis Ece from Turkey Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded.

Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Dec 5, 2010 Keriman Halis Ece (born February 16, 1913) is a former Turkish beauty contestant, who became Miss Turkey 1932. She was also crowned as the winner at International Pageant of Pulchritude in Spa, Belgium. She was born in Istanbul, Turkey as one of the six children of a merchant, Tevfik Halis Bey, in 1913. Her uncle was a renowned operatta composer Muhlis Sabahattin Ezgi and her aunt a well-known musician and composer Neveser Kökdeş. She participated 1932 in the Miss Turkey beauty pageant that started only in 1929 and was promoted by the newspaper Cumhuriyet. She was elected the most beautiful Turkish woman in the contest held on July 2, 1932 in İstanbul among eight candidates. Keriman Halis was sent then to the International Pageant of Pulchritude contest held in Spa, Belgium to represent Turkey.

On July 31, 1932, she was crowned as the winner among competitors from 27 countries, achieving Turkey's first title at an international beauty contest after three years only of its existence and less than a decade after the founding of the Republic. Following the introduction of the surname act on June 21, 1934, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk gave her the family name "Ece", which means "queen" in Turkish language. In 2010 Halis celebrated her 97th birthday. The International Pageant of Pulchritude, also known as the "International Beauty Contest" or the "Miss Universe Contest," was a beauty contest that began in 1926 featuring contestants from multiple nations. The last pageant event in the U.S. was held in 1931 although additional "Miss Universe" events were held until 1935. The pageant was the first international contest and served as a model for modern contests. The contest originated in Galveston, Texas, United States. The last "Miss Universe" event of this pre-World War II era was held in Brussels, Belgium.

The event in Galveston was discontinued in 1932 because of the Great Depression. "Miss Universe" events were instead held in Belgium in 1932 and 1935. After 1935 international competitions were discontinued until the modern Miss Universe contest was created in 1952 in California. Category International Pageant of Pulchritude : Wikis (The Full Wiki) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the 1920s and 30s contest. For the modern contest, see Miss Universe . International Pageant of Pulchritude Date 1926 (1926) - 1935 (1935) The International Pageant of Pulchritude, also known as the "International Beauty Contest" or the "Miss Universe Contest," was a beauty contest that began in 1926 featuring contestants from multiple nations. The last pageant event in the U.S. was held in 1931 although additional "Miss Universe" events were held until 1935. The pageant was the first international contest and served as a model for modern contests.

The contest originated in Galveston, Texas , United States. The last "Miss Universe" event of this pre- World War II era was held in Brussels, Belgium . Contents History Postcard view of Galveston where the pageant originated During the early 20th century, the island city of Galveston, still recovering from the devastating Hurricane of 1900 , launched efforts to strengthen its tourism industry building new venues such as the famed Hotel Galvez and organizing regular waterfront events. Beauty contests had existed around the U.S. since the 19th century as a means to build tourism for local communities. These events were generally local affairs featuring women from the communities themselves. In 1920 promoter C.E. Barfield organized a new event in Galveston known as "Splash Day." The event featured a "Bathing Girl Revue" competition as the centerpiece of its attractions. [1] [2] [3] "Spash Day" was the kick-off of the summer tourist season in the city and was carried forward annually. At its height the event was one of the largest beauty contests and would literally triple the island's population during the weekend when it ran, attracting spectators from around the nation.

[1] [4] A trend toward national beauty contests developed in many nations such as Turkey , France, and Brazil , as well as the U.S. where both the Galveston event and the younger Miss America event in Atlantic City attracted contestants from around the nation. In 1926, taking advantage of this trend, the Galveston event became an international competition known as the "International Pageant of Pulchritude." [1] The winner of the contest was awarded the title of "Miss Universe." In 1927 the contest became two separate events held over two days: one to award the title of "Miss United States" and one to award "Miss Universe." The "Miss United States" pageant drew contestants from as far away as New York and Utah . The "Miss Universe" pageant included contestants from a variety of countries including England, Russia, Turkey, Austria, and many others. [3] [5] Prizes were given to the top competitors. In 1929, for example, "Miss Universe" was given US$2000 in gold (US$25,000 in today's terms) and a silver plaque.

[6] The event became an international sensation although, ironically, the national media in the U.S. gave the event far less attention than the press in some other countries. [6] The media in Brazil was particularly enamored with the 1929 contest. Huge crowds were reported near the offices of Brazil's major newspapers awaiting word of the fate of Miss Brazil . She did not, however, even place in the contest. Angered, Brazil hosted its own "Miss Universe" contest in 1930 leading to two separate titleholders in that year. [7] In the Brazilian event, "Miss United States" was unable to place in the competition. The event in Galveston was discontinued in 1932 because of the Great Depression . "Miss Universe" events were instead held in Belgium in 1932 and 1935. After 1935 international competitions were discontinued until the modern Miss Universe contest was created in 1952 in California . Titleholders The following were the titleholders for the annual pageants. [1] [8] Advertisements Brussels , Belgium Legacy The Pageant of Pulchritude served as a model for modern pageants.

[3] [13] [14] Though beauty contests were common even in the 19th century the Galveston event was one of the first national and the first international contest. A 2006 documentary entitled "Miss Universe 1929 - Lisl Goldarbeiter. A Queen in Wien" was released in Hungary detailing the life of the 1929 "Miss Universe." [9] That year is regarded by some as the first truly international event as it became the first year to garner substantial worldwide media attention and was the first year a non-American won the title. Additionally, Goldarbeiter's win is historically notable because she was a Jew in an era when antisemitism was popular in the U.S. and Europe. [15] In 2009 a local Galveston organization known as "Islander By Choice" resurrected the pageant on a much smaller scale. The contest featured local contestants in 1920s-era swimwear as well as contemporary swimwear.

[16] See also **Beauty Pageant History - Ladies and Gentlemen **Beauty Pageant History 0 Comments A beauty pageant or beauty contest is a competition that mainly focuses on the physical beauty of its contestants, although such contests also incorporate personality, intelligence, talent, and answers to judges' questions as judged criteria. The phrase almost invariably refers only to contests for women and girls; similar events for men or boys are called by other names and are more likely to be bodybuilding contests. Winners of beauty contests are often called beauty queens. Children's beauty pageants mainly focus on beauty, gowns, sportswear modelling, talent, and personal interviews. Adult and teen pageants focus on makeup, hair and gowns, swimsuit modelling, and personal interviews. Possible awards include titles, tiaras or crowns, sashes, savings bonds, and cash prizes. Georgiana Seymour, Duchess of Somerset was crowned the 'Queen of Beauty' at the Eglinton Tournament of 1839, the first known beauty pageant. History National contests The first modern beauty pageant was held during the Eglinton Tournament of 1839, a re-enactment of a medieval joust that was held in Scotland.

The pageant was won by Georgiana Seymour, Duchess of Somerset, the wife of Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somersetand sister of Caroline Norton, and she was proclaimed as the 'Queen of Beauty'. Entrepreneur Phineas Taylor Barnum staged the first modern American pageant in 1854, but his beauty contest was closed down by public protest. He previously held dog, baby, and bird beauty contests.He substituted daguerreotypes for judging, a practice quickly adopted by newspapers. Newspapers held photo beauty contests for many decades. It was in the 1880s that beauty pageants became more popular. In 1888 the title of 'beauty queen' was awarded to an 18 year old Creole contestant at a pageant in Spa, Belgium. All participants had to supply a photograph and a short description of themselves to be eligible for entry and a final selection of 21 were judged by a formal panel. The Miss America Pageant was established in 1921 and hosted the winners of local newspaper beauty contests in the "Inter-City Beauty" Contest; a turnout of over one hundred thousand people was achieved and sixteen-year-old Margaret Gorman of Washington, D.C.

won both the popularity and beauty contest and was awarded $100. Similar national pageants were also established in Britain, Germany and other countries in the 1920s. International contests Main article: International Pageant of Pulchritude In May 1920 promoter C.E. Barfield of Galveston organized a new event known as "Splash Day" on the island. The event featured a "Bathing Girl Revue" competition as the centerpiece of its attractions. Postcard view of Galveston where the International Pageant of Pulchritude was held in 1921. The event was the kick-off of the summer tourist season in the city and was carried forward annually. The event quickly became known outside of Texas and, beginning in 1926, the world's first international contest was added, known as the "International Pageant of Pulchritude."This contest is said to have served as a model for modern pageants.

It featured contestants from England, Russia,Turkey, and many other nations and the title awarded at the time was known as "Miss Universe."The event was discontinued in the United States in 1932 because of the Depression (the international competition was revived briefly in Belgium). Antigone Costanda was the winner of the Miss World beauty pageant in 1954, representing Egypt.The pageant was held on 18 October 1954 in London, England, 16 contestants participated. In addition to Arabic she speaks Greek, English, Italian and French fluently. Her total points overall in the Miss World event were 7.941, ranked 4th. The Greek-Egyptian beauty was the first Miss Egypt candidate to win the title for Egypt. Beauty Crown Goes to Miss Belgium! - TAMI Texas Archive of the Moving Image is loading... Beauty Crown Goes to Miss Belgium! The U.S.

National Archives and Records Administration No Sound on Film | 1931 comment Large content Full video "rtmpconf":{ type:"flv", file:"mp4:2006_00098_480x360.mp4", baseUrl:wgScriptPath + "/extensions/player/", streamServer:'texasarchive-flash.streamguys.com:80/vod', width:"480", height:"360", config:{ showBrowserControls:false }, poster:"/library/index.php?action=ajax%26rs=importImage%26rsargs[]=Beauty Crown Goes to Miss Belgium! tn.jpg%26rsargs[]=480", controls:{ _timerStyle:"sides" } } Map Miss Universe Anita Netta Duchateau smiles for the cameras Duchateau and Miss United States Ann Lee Patterson pose in their swimsuits See someone or something you recognize? TAMI Tagging Click begin and end to mark the segment you wish to tag. Then enter your comment and click on Tag!

To: tamitags@texasarchive.org Pageant of Pulchritude Pageant of Pulchritude Texas Locations Keywords This Universal Newsreel footage features 1931 Miss Universe Anita Netta Duchateau of Belgium posing after winning her crown. Also shown is Ann Lee Patterson, the 1931 Miss United States. The Miss United States and Miss Universe titles were awarded during the International Pageant of Pulchritude held in Galveston. However, 1931 was the last year the pageant was held in Galveston due to the onslaught of the Great Depression. Touted as the precursor to the Miss Universe Pageant and a Galveston tradition from 1920 to 1932, the Bathing Girl Revue (later known as the International Pageant of Pulchritude) signaled the beginning of the summer tourist season. To strengthen its tourism industry following the devastating Hurricane of 1900, the city of Galveston looked to organize regular waterfront events. In 1920, local promoter C. E. Barfield established the annual Splash Day event, with the Bathing Girl Revue competition as its main attraction.

By 1926, the revue became an international contest known as the Pageant of Pulchritude. The following year, the event was split into two separate contests held over two days, awarding the title of “Miss United States” and “Miss Universe.” At its height, the pageant attracted so many spectators that it tripled the island’s population during the weekend it ran. As the Great Depression worsened, Galveston stopped hosting the Pageant of Pulchritude after the 1931 event. Aside from a pair of contests held in Belgium in the 1930s, international beauty competitions were discontinued until 1952, when the modern Miss Universe contest began in California.

A look back when Galveston hosted the International Pageant of Pulchritude in the 1920-30s - Houston Chronicle A look back when Galveston hosted the International Pageant of Pulchritude in the 1920-30s By Heather Leighton , Houston Chronicle Published 7:56 am, Friday, July 8, 2016 Photo: Cecil Thomson Studios / Library Of Congress Image 1of/24 Photo: Cecil Thomson Studios / Library Of Congress Image 2 of 24 Photo: Cecil Thomson Studios / Library Of Congress Image 3 of 24 Photo: Cecil Thomson Studios / Library Of Congress Image 4 of 24 The second International Pageant of Pulchritude and eighth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose for a photo in the last weekend of May 1927 in Galveston. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 5 of 24 The second International Pageant of Pulchritude and eighth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose for a photo in the last weekend of May 1927 in Galveston. Photo: Joseph M.

Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 6 of 24 The second International Pageant of Pulchritude and eighth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose for a photo in the last weekend of May 1927 in Galveston. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 7 of 24 The second International Pageant of Pulchritude and eighth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose for a photo in the last weekend of May 1927 in Galveston. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 8 of 24 Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 9 of 24 Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 10 of 24 Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 11 of 24 Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 12 of 24 Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 13 of 24 Photo: Joseph M.

Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 14 of 24 The third International Pageant of Pulchritude and ninth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose with their arms up in Galveston in June 1928. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 15 of 24 The third International Pageant of Pulchritude and ninth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose with their arms up in Galveston in June 1928. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 16 of 24 The third International Pageant of Pulchritude and ninth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose with their arms up in Galveston in June 1928. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 17 of 24 The third International Pageant of Pulchritude and ninth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose with their arms up in Galveston in June 1928. Photo: Joseph M.

Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 18 of 24 The third International Pageant of Pulchritude and ninth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose with their arms up in Galveston in June 1928. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 19 of 24 The third International Pageant of Pulchritude and ninth Annual Bathing Girl Revue contestants pose with their arms up in Galveston in June 1928. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 20 of 24 Pageant contestants pose in the fifth International Pageant of Pulchritude and Eleventh Annual Bathing Girl Revue in Galveston in August 1930. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 21 of 24 Pageant contestants pose in the fifth International Pageant of Pulchritude and Eleventh Annual Bathing Girl Revue in Galveston in August 1930. Photo: Joseph M.

Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 22 of 24 Pageant contestants pose in the fifth International Pageant of Pulchritude and Eleventh Annual Bathing Girl Revue in Galveston in August 1930. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 23 of 24 Pageant contestants pose in the fifth International Pageant of Pulchritude and Eleventh Annual Bathing Girl Revue in Galveston in August 1930. Photo: Joseph M. Maurer / Library Of Congress Image 24 of 24 A look back when Galveston hosted the International Pageant of Pulchritude in the 1920-30s 1 / 24 Back to Gallery Galveston Island's history of bathing beauties on their beaches apparently goes way back. So far back that pageant crowns once were given out. The International Pageant of Pulchritude, also known as the Bathing Girl Revue, was held at the Gulf of Mexico island from 1920 to 1932. Beautiful contestants from all over the world came to the island to compete for the crown.

MODERN-DAY BEAUTY: Modern girls tab into their vintage side during Galveston Beach Revue The first pageant was held in 1920 signaled the beginning of the summer tourist season in Galveston. Young ladies from all around the globe posed for pictures in their swimsuits before attending a beachside luncheon, according to Texas Archive . The pageant was first started to strengthen Galveston's tourism industry following the devastating Hurricane of 1900. In 1920, local promoter C.E. Barfield began the annual Splash Day event, in which the Bathing Girl Revue was the main attraction. By 1926, the revue blossomed to the international beauty pageant called the Pageant of Pulchritude. At it's peak of success, the pageant attracted so many spectators that it tripled the island's population during the weekend of the event. Regrettably, in 1931, Galveston stopped hosting the pageant as a result of the Great Depression.

The final "Miss Universe" went to a black-haired Belgian girl, Netta Duchanteau, 17, in 1931, according to an old newspaper archive from The Evening Independent. Her bravery in flying planes by herself (she obtained her own pilot's license at her young age) was among the reasons she was selected as the winner. The video below from the Texas Archive shows the beauty posing for the cameras following her win. &#160; Although the pageant ended in 1931, the memory still lives on in Galveston with the modern beauty pageant Galveston Island Beach Revue. The third weekend in May hosts the pageant and contestants dress up in vintage clothing to represent the original revue's beauty. The slideshow above shows the vintage photographs of the pageant from the late 1920s and early 1930s. Latest from the Chron.com Homepage Click below for the top news from around the Houston area and beyond. Sign up for our newsletters to be the first to learn about breaking news and more. Go to 'Sign In' and 'Manage Profile' at the top of the page.

Beauty pageant - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki More info on Beauty pageant Wikis Advertisements Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Did you know ... in 2006, Tsering Chungtak became the first Tibetan ever to participate in a major international beauty pageant ? (Redirected to Beauty contest article) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the article about the Parks and Recreation episode, see Beauty Pageant (Parks and Recreation) . For the concept in economics and game theory, see Keynesian beauty contest . A beauty contest, or beauty pageant, is a competition based mainly on the physical beauty of its contestants, although such contests often incorporate personality , talent, and answers to judges' questions as judged criteria. The phrase almost invariably refers only to contests for women; similar events for men are called by other names and are more likely to be " body building " contests. Winners of beauty contests are often called beauty queens.

Contents 9 External links History Choosing symbolic kings and queens for May Day and other festivities is an ancient custom in Europe in which beautiful young women symbolized their nations' virtues and other abstract ideas. The first modern American pageant was staged by P. T. Barnum in 1854, but his beauty contest was closed down by public protest. He previously held dog, baby, and bird beauty contests. He substituted daguerreotypes for judging, a practice quickly adopted by newspapers. Newspapers held photo beauty contests for many decades: In 1880, the first “Bathing Beauty Pageant" took place as part of a summer festival to promote business in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware . Contests became a regular part of summer beach life, with the most elaborate contests taking place in Atlantic City, New Jersey (“Fall Frolic”) and Galveston, Texas ("Splash Day"), where the events attracted women from many cities and towns.

[1] Advertisements Purpose Back when beauty pageants first started, they were viewed as “trivial events whose interpretation required no scholarly effort.”[citation needed] Miss America, the first pageant of its kind, has made an effort to ensure that it does not appear as a "stereotypical" pageant. The competition emphasizes the different aspects of women and highlights their personal successes. They strive to give these women the opportunity to rise to the top. Pageant participants return to their hometowns and promote community involvement.[citation needed] As of recently, anyone of any race or color can enter in them.[citation needed] Of course, they do have some racial specific pageants, such as Miss Black America, or Miss Indian America, but generally, all of the contestants come from different backgrounds. Multiculturalism is a widely viewed aspect in pageants. Another goal of pageants is promoting self-esteem of the contestants. Girls that compete feel a sense of belonging with the other contestants, and the larger pageant community. The pageant offers “not just a place, but a particular way and stringently limited terms with which to negotiate a sense of self.”[citation needed] The skills learned in pageants have been said to last for a lifetime.

Contestants gain the ability to speak in public, and a sense of confidence in themselves. Winners of these pageants have said that feel they have a sense of accomplishment.[citation needed] Discrimination against women According to a feminist writing of history, women were obligated to take the man’s place in society during the war period. They had to do all of the work that the men left behind. The women quickly had to learn how to take care of themselves, and be more individual. The women grew to be very helpful in leading the beginnings of the Roaring Twenties. In 1921, Atlantic City hoteliers decided to take advantage of the women’s newfound role in society. They created a bathing suit beauty contest as a marketing tool to get vacationers to stay past Labor Day weekend. The grand prize were photo entries to the local Eastern newspapers, not to mention the recognition they received for their beauty. This beauty contest boomed. More contestants kept entering, elevating it from a contest to a pageant. There soon was a contestant from every state, including the Washington D.C. area, where the first winner of the Miss America title represented. The pageant adopted more and more rules, introducing the evening gown competition and the talent competition.

Not only did the contestants have to be beautiful, but they also had to be smart and talented. In the 1940s, women had this “wannabe” caricature of having the “correct” stereotype, anxieties, and desires. Women strived to be perfect, not accepting anything else. The middle-class cultural style was rejected. They had different types of everything from the men. They had access to only certain jobs, and compensation for work. Nothing was readily available to them like the luxury men had. When Pearl Harbor hit, pageants took a hard hit too and didn’t have high hopes of surviving. They then implemented a scholarship reward in some pageants to keep the girls then, and now, interested. The scholarship money could be put in going to school, or starting a career. Pageantry growing up More and more pageants kept being created after the conclusion, of some pageant directors, that they turned girls into women. They aligned themselves with many clubs to raise money for charities worldwide to gain public approval, and not to have the reputation of “another beauty pageant.” They now refer to those “clubs” that each contestant supports as “platforms.” By the 1960’s, pageantry took off.

Women were becoming more and more educated, and more viewed in the public eye. Six more pageants became established; Miss USA, Miss World, Miss Universe, Miss Teenage American Pageant, Miss National Teen-ager, and the Miss Teen All America Pageant. The winners of these pageants became role models for little girls and teens. The key role in being a queen was to understand and support topical issues. The winners especially were the women who the girls looked up to the most. They needed to be someone who girls could connect with and apply their lives to. They are now considered an "exemplar of cultural flow." International Pageant of Pulchritude Main article: International Pageant of Pulchritude In May 1920 promoter C.E. Barfield of Galveston organized a new event known as "Splash Day" on the island. The event featured a "Bathing Girl Revue" competition as the centerpiece of its attractions. [2] [1] [3] The event was the kick-off of the summer tourist season in the city and was carried forward annually.

The event quickly became known outside of Texas and, beginning in 1926, the world's first international contest was added, known as the "International Pageant of Pulchritude." [2] This contest is said to have served as a model for modern pageants. [3] [4] [5] It featured contestants from England , Russia , Turkey , and many other nations and the title awarded at the time was known as "Miss Universe." [3] [6] The event was discontinued in the United States in 1932 because of the Depression (the international competition was revived briefly in Belgium). Miss America and beyond The modern beauty pageant's origin is traceable to the Miss America Pageant ,[citation needed] which was first held in Atlantic City in 1921, under the title "Inter-City Beauty Contest." The Miss America Pageant eventually included preliminary eliminations, an evening gown competition, musical variety shows, and judging by panel. Still, the contest was at first shunned by middle-class society. Pageants did not become respectable until World War II, when "beauty queens" were recruited to sell bonds and to entertain troops.

Scholarships and talent competitions evoked even closer scrutiny of contestants’ morals and backgrounds. The Miss America Pageant is the largest provider of college scholarships for women in the world. Around the globe Major international contests for women include the yearly Miss World competition (founded by Eric Morley in 1951), Miss Universe (founded in 1952), Miss International (founded in 1960) and Miss Earth (founded in 2001 with environmental awareness as its concern). These are considered the "Grand Slam" or "Big Four" pageants, the four largest and most famous international beauty contests. Minor contests, such as the Miss Bondi contest in Australia, are common throughout the world in the summer months. During the 1950s, pageants thrived to promote county fairs and local products. For example, some of Raquel Welch 's titles included "Miss Photogenic" and "Miss Contour." Women from around the world participate each year in local competitions for the chance to represent their country's international title. 2002 was a year remarkable for its number of winners from counties with a majority Muslim population.

In that year Miss Lebanon, Christina Sawaya won the Miss International pageant, Miss Turkey, Azra Akın won Miss World , and the original winner of Miss Earth for that year was Džejla Glavović from Bosnia and Herzegovina (before being replaced by Winfred Omwakwe of Kenya). In 2006, the Muslim nation of Pakistan crowned its first Miss Bikini Universe, Mariyah Moten , which later became a controversy worldwide. Selecting a "beauty queen" Beauty pageants are generally multi-tiered and popular, with local competitions feeding into the larger competitions. The worldwide pageants, thus, require hundreds, sometimes thousands, of local competitions. In the United States , there is now a commercial beauty pageant industry that organizes thousands of local and regional events for all ages for profit supported by magazines like The Crown Magazine and Pride of Pageantry. The typical perception of a beauty pageant is that it occurs once a year, has women of a petite frame, the event is live on stage, and that a talent is involved somehow. Particularly with the advent of the internet, this perception has changed drastically.

Although they are not "live," Internet and mail-in pageants have provided a plethora of entertainment to those who compete and an opportunity not available to those unable or hesitant to travel. Size no longer is a limiting factor as many competitions espouse the goal of "natural" beauty. There are also more and more pageants, which are dedicated to the "plus sized" delegate. While a size 14-16 may be considered a traditional plus-size in the US, in the pageant world a size 6-8 may be considered as plus depending upon the pageant system. Although the selection of a Beauty Queen is thought to be an annual event, there are no hard and fast rules as to the frequency of selection. Pageants have also changed dates and frequency based upon the needs of the Organization. Take for instance, Miss America. For decades, Miss America was held during the fall with the pageant usually occurring in September. Recently, the date changed to January. This produced a term of greater than a year length for that Miss America. On the other hand, some terms have been shortened due to needs of the Organization. For example, during its formative years, the Mrs.

United Nation Pageant had several seasonal changes with some Queens holding a term of less than a year. There are other pageants who take a totally different approach altogether. Particularly in reference to on-line photogenic pageants, there are competitions in which a winner is chosen on a monthly or even weekly basis. There are those who will take each of these as a "preliminary winner" with the intent upon a "final" competition at some later date. Others treat each of these as a "final" winner and provide a title. Regardless of the method of competition, break down of scores or frequency of selection, all are defined as "entertainment in the form of a beauty pageant." It is up to the individual to determine which is best suited for competition or of particular entertainment interest. Criticism Critics of beauty contests argue that such contests reinforce the idea that (usually young) women should be valued primarily for their physical appearance, and that this puts tremendous pressure on women to “be beautiful” by spending time and money on fashion , cosmetics , hair styling and even cosmetic surgery . This pursuit of physical beauty even encourages some women to diet to the point of harming themselves.

[7] Although some competitions have components that are not based purely on physical appearance , “unattractive” contestants are unlikely to win, no matter how talented, poised, intelligent, educated, resourceful or socially conscious they are. Rather than providing women with opportunities, it can be argued that beauty contests hurt the prospects of women who do not fit the current cultural ideal of beauty, because these contests promote the idea that those who fit this ideal are “better” than those who do not. And some pageants require a swimsuit for a portion of the competition, which emphasizes the physical bodies of women, some claim in undressed state. Big Four winners Mister International References Sones, Michael. "History of the Beauty Pageant." Beauty Worlds: The Culture of Beauty (2003): n. pag. Web. 4 Nov 2009. Liben, Lynn S., Rebecca S. Bigler, Diane N Ruble, Carol Lynn Martin, and Kimberly K. Powlishta. "Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Evaluating Constructs and Pathways." Developmental Course of Gender Differentiation. 67.2 i-183. Print. Harvey, Adia M.

"Becoming Entrepreneurs: Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender at the Black Beauty Salon." Gender and Society. 19.6 (2005): 789-808. Print. Craig, Maxine. "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World: Beauty Pageants and National Identity.." American Journal of Sociology. 105.6 (2000): 1805-1806. Print. 5. Wilk, Richard. "The Local and the Global in the Political Economy of Beauty: From Miss Belize to Miss World." Review of International Political Economy. 2.1 (1995): 117-134. Print. 6. Burgess, Zena, and Phyllis Tharenou. "Women Board Directors: Characteristics of the Few." Journal of Business Ethics. 37.1 (2002): 39-49. Print. 7. Huffman, Matt L., and Philip N. Cohen. "Occupational Segregation and the Gender Gap in Workplace Authority: National versus Local Labor Markets." Sociological Forum. 19.1 (2004): 121-147.

Print. 8. Ciborra, Claudio U. "The Platform Organization: Recombining Strategies, Structures, and Surprises." Organization Science. 7.2 (1996): 103-118. Print. 9. Lamsa, Anna-Maija, and Teppo Sintonen. "A Discursive Approach to Understanding Women Leaders in Working Life." Journal of Business Ethics. 34.3/4 (2001): 255-267. Print. 10. Bell, Myrtle P., Mary E. McLaughlin, and Jennifer M. Sequeira. "Discrimination, Harassment, and the Glass Ceiling: Women Executives as Change Agents." Journal of Business Ethics. 37.1 (2002): 65-76. Print. Notes

Question: The International Pageant of Pulchritude, held from 1926 to 1932, was the forerunner of what modern event?
Answer: Miss Universe