Allergic rhinitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Headache Exams and Tests The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. You will be asked whether your symptoms vary by time of day or season, and exposure to pets or other allergens. Allergy testing may reveal the pollen or other substances that trigger your symptoms. Skin testing is the most common method of allergy testing. If your doctor determines you cannot have skin testing, special blood tests may help with the diagnosis. These tests, known as IgE RAST tests, can measure the levels of allergy-related substances. A complete blood count (CBC) test, called the eosinophil count, may also help diagnose allergies. Treatment LIFESTYLE AND AVOIDING ALLERGENS The best treatment is to avoid the pollens that cause your symptoms. It may be impossible to avoid all pollen. But you can often take steps to reduce your exposure . You may be prescribed medicine to treat allergic rhinitis. The medicine your doctor prescribes depends on your symptoms and how severe they are. Your age and whether you have other medical conditions, such as asthma, will also be considered. For mild allergic rhinitis, a nasal wash can help remove mucus from the nose.

You can buy a saline solution at a drug store or make one at home using 1 cup (240 milliliters) of warm water, half a teaspoon (3 grams) of salt, and pinch of baking soda. Treatments for allergic rhinitis include: ANTIHISTAMINES Medicines called antihistamines work well for treating allergy symptoms. They may be used when symptoms do not happen often or do not last long. Be aware of the following: Many antihistamines taken by mouth can be bought without a prescription. Some can cause sleepiness. You should not drive or operate machines after taking this type of medicine. Others cause little or no sleepiness. Antihistamine nasal sprays work well for treating allergic rhinitis. Ask your doctor if you should try these medicines first. CORTICOSTEROIDS Nasal corticosteroid sprays are the most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. They work best when used nonstop, but they can also be helpful when used for shorter periods of time. Corticosteroid sprays are generally safe for children and adults. Many brands are available. You can buy three brands without a prescription.

For all other brands, you will need a prescription from your doctor. DECONGESTANTS Decongestants may also be helpful for reducing symptoms such as nasal stuffiness. Do not use nasal spray decongestants for more than 3 days. OTHER MEDICINES Leukotriene inhibitors are prescription medicines that block leukotrienes. These are the chemicals the body releases in response to an allergen that also trigger symptoms. ALLERGY SHOTS Allergy shots (immunotherapy) are sometimes recommended if you cannot avoid the pollen and your symptoms are hard to control. This includes regular shots of the pollen you are allergic to. Each dose is slightly larger than the dose before it, until you reach the dose that helps control your symptoms. Allergy shots may help your body adjust to the pollen that is causing the reaction. SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY TREATMENT (SLIT) Instead of shots, medicine put under the tongue may help for grass and ragweed allergies. Outlook (Prognosis) Most symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be treated. More severe cases need allergy shots. Some people, especially children, may outgrow an allergy as the immune system becomes less sensitive to the trigger.

But once a substance, such as pollen, causes allergies, it often continues to have a long-term effect on the person. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call for an appointment with your provider if: You have severe hay fever symptoms Treatment that once worked for you no longer works Your symptoms do not respond to treatment Prevention You can sometimes prevent symptoms by avoiding the pollen you are allergic to. During pollen season, you should stay indoors where it is air-conditioned, if possible. Sleep with the windows closed, and drive with the windows rolled up. Alternative Names Hay fever; Nasal allergies; Seasonal allergy; Seasonal allergic rhinitis; Allergies - allergic rhinitis; Allergy - allergic rhinitis Images Recognizing invader References Baroody FM, Naclerio RM. Allergy and immunology of the upper airway. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 38. Corren J, Baroody FM, Pawankar R. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.

In: Adkinson NF Jr, Bochner BS, Burks AW, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap 42. Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY, et al. Guideline Otolaryngology Development Group, AAO-HNSF. Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 152(1 Suppl):S1-S43. PMID: 25644617 . Read More Hay Fever (Rhinitis) | Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website Stuffy nose due to blockage or congestion Fatigue (often reported due to poor quality sleep as a result of nasal obstruction) For more information on hay fever symptoms click here . Hay Fever Triggers Outdoor allergens, such as pollens from grass, trees and weeds Indoor allergens, such as pet hair or dander, dust mites and mold Irritants, such as cigarette smoke, perfume and diesel exhaust Hay Fever Management and Treatment Avoid triggers by making changes to your home and to your behavior.

Keep windows closed during high pollen periods; use air conditioning in your home and car. Wear glasses or sunglasses when outdoors to keep pollen out of your eyes. Use “mite-proof” bedding covers to limit exposure to dust mites and a dehumidifier to control mold (if you smell mildew, you likely have mold). Wash your hands after petting any animal and have a nonallergic person help with pet grooming, preferably in a well-ventilated area or outside. Control some symptoms with over-the-counter medication. Decongestants For more information on hay fever management and treatment click here. Symptoms Allergic rhinitis — commonly known as hay fever — is a group of symptoms affecting the nose. But don’t be misled by the name — you don’t have to be exposed to hay to have symptoms. And despite the name, it’s not usually accompanied by fever. People with allergic rhinitis generally experience symptoms after breathing in an allergy-causing substance such as pollen or dust. In the fall, a common allergen is ragweed . In the spring, the most common triggers are grasses and pollen.

When a sensitive person inhales an allergen, the body’s immune system may react with the following symptoms (listed in order of frequency): Stuffy nose due to blockage or congestion Itching, usually in the nose, mouth, eyes, throat or skin Puffy, swollen eyelids Missed days of work or school More motor vehicle accidents More school or work injuries Many parents of children with allergic rhinitis have said that their children are more moody and irritable during allergy season. Since children cannot always express their symptoms verbally, they may express their discomfort by acting up at school and at home. In addition, some children feel that having an allergy is a stigma that separates them from others. It is important that the irritability or other symptoms caused by ear, nose or throat trouble are not mistaken for attention deficit disorder. With proper treatment , symptoms can be kept under control and disruptions in learning and behavior can be avoided. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis have other causes as well, the most customary being the common cold — an example of infectious rhinitis. Most infections are relatively short-lived, with symptoms improving in three to seven days.

Many people have recurrent or chronic nasal congestion, excess mucus production, itching and other nasal symptoms similar to those of allergic rhinitis. In those cases, an allergy is not the cause. Diagnosing To find the most effective way to treat allergic rhinitis symptoms, see an allergist Your allergist may start by taking a detailed history, looking for clues in your lifestyle that will help pinpoint the cause of your symptoms. You’ll be asked, among other things, about your work and home environments (including whether you have a pet), your eating habits, your family’s medical history and the frequency and severity of your symptoms. Sometimes allergic rhinitis can be complicated by several medical conditions, such as a deviated septum (curvature of the bone and cartilage that separate the nostrils) or nasal polyps (abnormal growths inside the nose and sinuses). Any of these conditions will be made worse by catching a cold. Nasal symptoms caused by more than one problem can be difficult to treat, often requiring the cooperation of an allergist and another specialist, such as an otolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat specialist).

Your allergist may recommend a skin test , in which small amounts of suspected allergens are introduced into your skin. Skin testing is the easiest, most sensitive and generally least expensive way of identifying allergens. Types of skin tests Prick or scratch test: In this test, a tiny drop of a possible allergen is pricked or scratched into the skin. Also known as a percutaneous test, this is the most common type of skin test. The results are known within 10 to 20 minutes. Intradermal test: A small amount of a possible allergen is injected under the skin using a thin needle. The site is checked for a reaction after about 20 minutes. This test is typically more sensitive than the prick or scratch test. Management and Treatment The first approach in managing seasonal or perennial forms of hay fever should be to avoid the allergens that trigger symptoms. Outdoor exposure Stay indoors as much as possible when pollen counts are at their peak, usually during the midmorning and early evening (this may vary according to plant pollen), and when wind is blowing pollens around. Avoid using window fans that can draw pollens and molds into the house.

Wear glasses or sunglasses when outdoors to minimize the amount of pollen getting into your eyes. Wear a pollen mask (such as a NIOSH-rated 95 filter mask) when mowing the lawn, raking leaves or gardening, and take appropriate medication beforehand. Don’t hang clothing outdoors to dry; pollen may cling to towels and sheets. Try not to rub your eyes; doing so will irritate them and could make your symptoms worse. Indoor exposure Keep windows closed, and use air conditioning in your car and home. Make sure to keep your air conditioning unit clean. Reduce exposure to dust mites, especially in the bedroom. Use “mite-proof” covers for pillows, comforters and duvets, and mattresses and box springs. Wash your bedding frequently, using hot water (at least 130 degrees Fahrenheit). To limit exposure to mold, keep the humidity in your home low (between 30 and 50 percent) and clean your bathrooms, kitchen and basement regularly. Use a dehumidifier, especially in the basement and in other damp, humid places, and empty and clean it often. If mold is visible, clean it with mild detergent and a 5 percent bleach solution as directed by an allergist.

Clean floors with a damp rag or mop, rather than dry-dusting or sweeping. Exposure to pets Wash your hands immediately after petting any animals; wash your clothes after visiting friends with pets. If you are allergic to a household pet , keep the animal out of your home as much as possible. If the pet must be inside, keep it out of the bedroom so you are not exposed to animal allergens while you sleep. Close the air ducts to your bedroom if you have forced-air or central heating or cooling. Replace carpeting with hardwood, tile or linoleum, all of which are easier to keep dander-free. Many allergens that trigger allergic rhinitis are airborne, so you can’t always avoid them. If your symptoms can’t be well-controlled by simply avoiding triggers, your allergist may recommend medications that reduce nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing and itching. They are available in many forms — oral tablets, liquid medication, nasal sprays and eyedrops. Some medications may have side effects, so discuss these treatments with your allergist. Intranasal corticosteroids are the single most effective drug class for treating allergic rhinitis.

They can significantly reduce nasal congestion as well as sneezing, itching and a runny nose. Talk with your allergist about whether these medications are appropriate and safe for you. These sprays are designed to avoid the side effects that may occur from steroids that are taken by mouth or injection. Take care not to spray the medication against the center portion of the nose (the nasal septum). The most common side effects are local irritation and nasal bleeding. Some older preparations have been shown to have some effect on children’s growth; data about some newer steroids don’t indicate an effect on growth Antihistamines are commonly used to treat allergic rhinitis. These medications counter the effects of histamine, the irritating chemical released within your body when an allergic reaction takes place. Although other chemicals are involved, histamine is primarily responsible for causing the symptoms. Antihistamines are found in eyedrops, nasal sprays and, most commonly, oral tablets and syrup.

Antihistamines help to relieve nasal allergy symptoms such as: Sneezing and an itchy, runny nose Eye itching, burning, tearing and redness Itchy skin, hives and eczema There are dozens of antihistamines; some are available over the counter, while others require a prescription. Patients respond to them in a wide variety of ways. Generally, the newer (second-generation) products work well and produce only minor side effects. Some people find that an antihistamine becomes less effective as the allergy season worsens or as their allergies change over time. If you find that an antihistamine is becoming less effective, tell your allergist, who may recommend a different type or strength of antihistamine. If you have excessive nasal dryness or thick nasal mucus, consult an allergist before taking antihistamines. Contact your allergist for advice if an antihistamine causes drowsiness or other side effects. Proper use: Short-acting antihistamines can be taken every four to six hours, while timed-release antihistamines are taken every 12 to 24 hours.

The short-acting antihistamines are often most helpful if taken 30 minutes before an anticipated exposure to an allergen (such as at a picnic during ragweed season). Timed-release antihistamines are better suited to long-term use for those who need daily medications. Proper use of these drugs is just as important as their selection. The most effective way to use them is before symptoms develop. A dose taken early can eliminate the need for many later doses to reduce established symptoms. Many times a patient will say that he Proper use of these drugs is just as important as their selection. The most effective way to use them is before symptoms develop. A dose taken early can eliminate the need for many later doses to reduce established symptoms. Many times a patient will say that he or she “took one, and it didn’t work.” If the patient had taken the antihistamine regularly for three to four days to build up blood levels of the medication, it might have been effective. Side effects: Older (first-generation) antihistamines may cause drowsiness or performance impairment, which can lead to accidents and personal injury.

Even when these medications are taken only at bedtime, they can still cause considerable impairment the following day, even in people who do not feel drowsy. For this reason, it is important that you do not drive a car or work with dangerous machinery when you take a potentially sedating antihistamine. Some of the newer antihistamines do not cause drowsiness. A frequent side effect is excessive dryness of the mouth, nose and eyes. Less common side effects include restlessness, nervousness, overexcitability, insomnia, dizziness, headaches, euphoria, fainting, visual disturbances, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distress, constipation, diarrhea, increased or decreased urination, urinary retention, high or low blood pressure, nightmares (especially in children), sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising, chest tightness or palpitations. Men with prostate enlargement may encounter urinary problems while on antihistamines. Consult your allergist if these reactions occur. Important precautions: Hay Fever Treatment, Home Remedies & Symptoms Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S.

board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. Medical Editor: John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP John P. Cunha, DO, is a U.S. board-certified Emergency Medicine Physician. Dr. Cunha's educational background includes a BS in Biology from Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, and a DO from the Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences in Kansas City, MO. He completed residency training in Emergency Medicine at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey. The best way to treat an allergy condition is to identify the allergic trigger and avoid it. Allergists are medical specialists trained in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies , including hay fever. Histamine is a key chemical cause of allergic rhinitis and other allergic reactions.

Effective treatment is available in many forms, including medications and desensitization therapy ( immunotherapy ). Antihistamines are the drugs most commonly used to treat allergic rhinitis. What is hay fever? What are hay fever symptoms and signs? Share Your Story Hay fever affects up to 30% of all people worldwide, including up to 10% of U.S. children under 17 years of age and 7.8% of U.S. adults. The medical cost of allergic rhinitis is approximately $3.4 billion, mostly due to the cost of prescription medications. These figures are probably an underestimate because many of those affected may attribute their discomfort to a chronic cold . Although childhood hay fever tends to be more common, this condition can occur at any age and usually occurs after years of repeated inhalation of allergic substances. The incidence of allergic disease has dramatically increased in the U.S. and other developed countries over recent decades. "Hay fever" is a misnomer. Hay is not a usual cause of this problem, and it does not cause fever. Early descriptions of sneezing, nasal congestion , and eye irritation while harvesting field hay promoted this popular term.

Allergic rhinitis is the correct term used to describe this allergic reaction , and many different substances cause the allergic symptoms noted in hay fever. Rhinitis means "inflammation of the nose" and is a derivative of rhino, meaning nose. Allergic rhinitis that occurs during a specific season is called "seasonal allergic rhinitis." When it occurs throughout the year, it is called "perennial allergic rhinitis." Rhinosinusitis is the medical term that refers to inflammation of the nasal lining as well as the lining tissues of the sinuses. This term is sometimes used because the two conditions frequently occur together. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, frequently include nasal congestion, a runny nose with clear mucus, sneezing, nose, eye itching , and excess tear production in the eyes. Postnasal dripping of clear mucus frequently causes a cough . Loss of the sense of smell is common, and loss of taste sense occurs occasionally. Nose bleeding may occur if the condition is severe. Eye itching , redness, and excess tears in the eyes frequently accompany the nasal symptoms.

The eye symptoms are referred to as " allergic conjunctivitis " (inflammation of the whites of the eyes). These allergic symptoms often interfere with one's quality of life and overall health. Many people with allergies have difficulty with social and physical activities. For example, concentration is often difficult while experiencing allergic rhinitis symptoms. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 10/7/2016 Allergic Rhinitis: Hay Fever and Seasonal Allergies Credits What is allergic rhinitis? Allergic rhinitis , often called allergies or hay fever , occurs when your immune system overreacts to particles in the air that you breathe-you are allergic to them. Your immune system attacks the particles in your body, causing symptoms such as sneezing and a runny nose . The particles are called allergens , which simply means they can cause an allergic reaction . People with allergies usually have symptoms for many years. You may have symptoms often during the year, or just at certain times. You also may get other problems such as sinusitis and ear infections as a result of your allergies . Over time, allergens may begin to affect you less, and your symptoms may not be as severe as they had been.

What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis? In most cases, when you have allergic rhinitis: You sneeze again and again, especially after you wake up in the morning. You have a runny nose and postnasal drip . The drainage from a runny nose caused by allergies is usually clear and thin. But it may become thicker and cloudy or yellowish if you get a nasal or sinus infection . Your eyes are watery and itchy. Your ears, nose, and throat are itchy. Which allergens commonly cause allergic rhinitis? You probably know that pollens from trees, grasses, and weeds cause allergic rhinitis. Many people have allergies to dust mites , animal dander , cockroaches, and mold as well. Things in the workplace, such as cereal grain, wood dust, chemicals, or lab animals, can also cause allergic rhinitis. If you are allergic to pollens, you may have symptoms only at certain times of the year. If you are allergic to dust mites and indoor allergens, you may have symptoms all the time. How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed? To find out if you have allergies, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and examine you.

Knowing what symptoms you have, when you get them, and what makes them worse or better can help your doctor know whether you have allergies or another problem. If you have severe symptoms, you may need to have allergy tests to find out what you are allergic to. Your doctor may do a skin test. In this test your doctor puts a small amount of an allergen into your skin to see if it causes an allergic reaction . Your doctor may order lab tests. These tests look for substances that put you at risk for allergies. Continued How is it treated? There is no cure for allergic rhinitis. One of the best things you can do is to avoid the things that cause your allergies. You may need to clean your house often to get rid of dust, animal dander, or molds. Or you may need to stay indoors when pollen counts are high. Unless you have another health problem, such as asthma , you may take over-the-counter medicines to treat your symptoms at home. If you do have another problem, talk to your doctor first. Others who also should talk to their doctor before starting self-treatment include older adults, children, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding .

If your allergies bother you a lot and you cannot avoid the things you are allergic to, immunotherapy (such as allergy shots ) may help prevent or reduce your symptoms. To have this treatment, you first need to know what you are allergic to. Finding the treatment that works best for you may take a little time. WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.© 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. Pagination Pathology and causes of Allergic Rhinitis | The Hong Kong Asthma Society Pathology and causes of Allergic Rhinitis Facebook Twitter Google Plus LinkedIn Pathology and causes of Allergic Rhinitis Rhinitis refers to the inflammation of the nasal membranes; it may be acute or chronic. The most widespread form of infectious rhinitis is the common cold, which is caused by virus. Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as nasal allergy, is a type of allergy. It happens when the human body overreacts to specific allergens.

Symptoms include chronic or repeated sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itchiness. Allergic rhinitis is the allergic reaction of a sensitive individual to specific allergens. Its symptoms, apart from those similar to those of rhinitis, are itchy eyes, throat and ears. If a patient is exposed to an allergen, the allergen will react with the antibody IgE in the blood and bind together the allergen and the receptors on the mast cell, which causes an allergic condition. If he/she comes into contact with the same allergen again, the IgE molecules in the vicinity will cross-link and cause the mast cells to break down, releasing different substances like histamine, leukocyte chemotactic factor or prostaglandin. Histamine can lead to allergic reactions or inflammation and in turn produce basic symptoms of nasal allergy including sneezing, itchy nose and runny nose. There are two types of allergic rhinitis: seasonal allergic rhinitis and perennial allergic rhinitis. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is also known as hay fever, which is often caused by pollen and mould, and is most common in spring and summer when it is warm and humid.

Perennial allergic rhinitis is triggered by allergens like dust mites, animal dander, and medicines. The incidence rate of this disease has increased substantially in recent years. It is as high as 40% in New Zealand and Australia. Statistics show that 0.8% to 14.9% of children between 6 and 7, 1.4% to 39.7% of teenagers between 13 and 14, and an average of 16% of adults suffer from allergic rhinitis. Some of the areas with a low incidence are Indonesia, Albania, Romania and Greece; those with a high incidence include Australia, New Zealand, UK, USA, Canada and Hong Kong. The average incidence rate around the world is 13.9%; nearly half of these patients have both asthma and eczema. Where there are fewer cases of allergic rhinitis, asthma and eczema are also less common. There are many causes leading to allergic rhinitis. It may be genetic factors, environment factors, bacterial and fungal infections, medicine containing aspirin, allergen-filled workplace and household environment, puberty, pregnancy, menstruation, or hormonal imbalance. All these may trigger nasal allergy.

Most patients will become sensitive gradually if they are exposed to allergens repeatedly within a short period of time. Allergic reactions only occur during the first time an individual is exposed to a large amount of a certain allergen. As the disease develops, even a small amount of the allergen will trigger the reactions. If untreated, nasal allergy can worsen the conditions of other related diseases or complications such as sleep apnoea, asthma, infectious rhinitis, sinusitis, and tympanitis. Hay Fever Overview You are using an older browser version. Please use a supported version for the best MSN experience. Hay Fever Overview 23/05/2014 the Healthline Editorial Staff What Is Allergic Rhinitis? Allergic rhinitis is by far the most prevalent type of allergy in the United States, affecting more than 60 million Americans. It affects people of all ages: as many as 40 percent of children and 30 percent of adults suffer from hay fever. There are two main types of allergic rhinitis: seasonal allergic rhinitis, more commonly known as “hay fever,” and perennial allergic rhinitis, which causes symptoms all year round (with some seasonal spikes).

Hay fever is caused by outdoor allergens like pollens, grasses, weeds, and mold spores. Perennial allergic rhinitis is caused by indoor allergens such as animal dander, indoor mold, dust mites, and cockroaches. Both versions of allergic rhinitis look a lot like a cold: coughing, runny nose, sneezing, and congestion are common symptoms. However, unlike a cold, allergic rhinitis isn’t caused by a virus. Rather, it’s a type of allergic reaction. Understanding Allergies and the Immune System Understanding allergic rhinitis requires a knowledge of the immune system, and especially of the most common immune system failures: allergies. Allergic reactions happen when your immune system responds in an exaggerated manner to a substance that, for most people, isn’t usually dangerous. The job of your immune system is to defend the body against harmful external elements. It does this by producing cells known as Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. These antibodies normally protect us from bacteria and viruses—which can cause infections and other illnesses—by travelling to these cells and releasing chemicals that get rid of them.

For those with hay fever or perennial allergic rhinitis, however, the immune system gets overly sensitized to certain common substances, like pollen or pet dander, thinking they are harmful even though they really are not. This sensitization triggers an inflammatory response sparked by the release of IgE antibodies and other cell types, setting off a chain reaction that causes the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Treating Allergies Treating hay fever has become somewhat more effective with powerful drugs introduced over the past several years. The best strategy is prevention—staying away from known allergens in order to keep irritation and even more significant symptoms from developing in the first place. Preventing symptoms by eliminating exposure to allergens is the gold standard for allergy control. Learn more about preventing hay fever symptoms. Seasonal Allergies Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Highlights Seasonal allergic rhinitis is more commonly known as hay fever. Hay fever occurs when your immune system treats a usually harmless substance as dangerous and releases chemicals into your bloodstream to fight it. Common triggers of hay fever vary from one season to another. Depending on your allergy triggers and where you live, you may experience hay fever in more than one season. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is more commonly known as hay fever .

About 8 percent of Americans experience it, reports the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Hay fever occurs when your immune system overreacts to an outdoor allergen, such as pollen. The most common culprits are pollens from wind-pollenated plants, such as trees, grasses, and weeds. The pollens from insect-pollinated plants are too heavy to remain airborne for long, and they’re less likely to trigger an allergic reaction. Seasonal allergies are less common during the winter, but it’s possible to experience allergic rhinitis year-round. Different plants emit their respective pollens at different times of year. Depending on your allergy triggers and where you live, you may experience hay fever in more than one season. You may also react to indoor allergens, such as mold or pet dander. Symptoms of seasonal allergies wheezing coughing Many people with hay fever also have asthma . If you have both hay fever and asthma, your seasonal allergens may trigger an asthma attack. Causes of seasonal allergies Hay fever history Hay fever gets its name from the fact that many people experience symptoms around the same time as the historical hay-cutting season in summer months.

Hay fever happens when your immune system identifies an airborne substance that’s usually harmless as dangerous. It responds to that substance, or allergen, by releasing histamines and other chemicals into your bloodstream. Those chemicals produce the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Common triggers of hay fever vary from one season to another. Spring Trees are responsible for most springtime seasonal allergies. Birch is one of the most common offenders in northern latitudes, where many people with hay fever react to its pollen. Other allergenic trees in North America include cedar, alder, horse chestnut, willow, and poplar. Summer Hay fever gets its name from the fact that many people experience symptoms around the same time as the historical hay-cutting season in summer months. The real culprits of summertime seasonal allergies are grasses, such as ryegrass and Timothy-grass, as well as certain weeds. According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America , grasses are the most common trigger for people with hay fever. Fall Autumn is ragweed season. Also known as Ambrosia, there are more than 40 species of ragweed worldwide. Most of them grow in temperate regions of North and South America.

They’re invasive plants that are difficult to control. Their pollen is a very common allergen, and the symptoms of ragweed allergy can be especially severe. Other plants that drop their pollen in the fall include nettles, mugworts, sorrels, fat hens, and plantains. Winter By winter, most outdoor allergens lie dormant. As a result, cold weather brings relief to many people with hay fever. But it also means that more folks are spending time indoors. If you’re prone to seasonal allergies, you may also react to indoor allergens, such as mold, pet dander, dust mites, or cockroaches. Indoor allergens are often easier to remove from your environment than outdoor pollens.

To help rid your home of common allergens: wash your bedding in very hot water at least once a week cover your bedding and pillows with allergen-proof covers get rid of carpets and upholstered furniture remove stuffed toys from your children’s bedrooms fix water leaks and clean up water damage that can help mold and pests flourish clean moldy surfaces and any places that mold may form, including humidifiers, swamp coolers, air conditioners, and refrigerators use a dehumidifier to reduce excess moisture Diagnosing seasonal allergies Hay fever is usually easier to diagnose than other allergies. If you have allergic symptoms that only occur at certain times of the year, it’s a sign that you have seasonal allergic rhinitis. Your doctor may also check your ears, nose, and throat to make a diagnosis. Allergy testing usually isn’t necessary. Your treatment for allergic rhinitis will likely be the same, no matter what type of allergen you react to. Treating seasonal allergies The best medicine for hay fever and year-round allergic rhinitis is avoidance. Medications are also available to treat symptoms of hay fever. Some people also try alternative treatments. Avoidance Take steps to avoid seasonal allergens.

For instance, use an air conditioner with a HEPA filter to cool your home in summer, rather than ceiling fans. Check your local weather network for pollen forecasts, and try to stay indoors when pollen counts are high. At times of year when your hay fever is active: keep your windows shut consider wearing a dust mask when you’re outside, especially on windy days It’s also important to avoid cigarette smoke, which can aggravate hay fever symptoms. Medication When you can’t avoid your allergens, other treatments are available, including: over-the-counter decongestants and antihistamines, such as cetirizine (Zyrtec) and combinations of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, and phenylephrine (Benadryl) prescription medications, such as steroid nasal sprays In severe cases, your doctor may recommend allergy shots. They’re a type of immunotherapy that can help desensitize your immune system to allergens. Some allergy medications may have unwanted side effects, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. Alternative treatments Few studies have been done on alternative treatments for hay fever.

Some people believe the following alternative treatments may provide relieve: quercetin, a flavonoid that gives fruits and vegetables color lactobacillus acidophilus, the “friendly” bacteria found in yogurt spirulina, a type of blue-green algae vitamin C, which has some antihistamine properties More research is needed to learn if these alternative treatments are effective. Takeaway The symptoms of seasonal allergies can be very uncomfortable. If you suspect you have seasonal allergies, talk to your doctor. They can help diagnose the cause of your symptoms and prescribe a treatment plan. They will likely encourage you to take steps to avoid your allergy triggers. They may also recommend over-the-counter or prescription medications. Environmental Allergies - NDHealthFacts - Health Facts Environmental Allergies Latest Edit: Iva Lloyd, ND 2014-5-28 (EDT) Environmental Allergies Articles on Head, Ears, Eyes, Nose and Throat Conditions Environmental allergies, also known as seasonal allergies, hayfever or allergic rhinitis occur when your immune system overreacts to particles in the air that you breathe.

Your body's defence system (immune system) attacks the particles in your body, causing symptoms such as sneezing and a runny nose. The particles are called allergens because they can cause an allergic reaction. Acute and chronic allergic diseases are a leading cause of work and school absenteeism, and can impair the ability of individuals to carry out common daily activities. It is estimated that in the USA alone over 8 billion dollars is spent annually to treat allergic symptoms. [1] Contents Do Environmental Toxicants Contribute to Allergy and Asthma? , Alt Med ; 2012;Vol17(1) Causal Factors Individuals raised in urban environments have a higher incidence of allergic disease. [2] Outdoor Allergens Pollens are a major allergen implicated in environmental allergies. Often referred to as hayfever, allergies to pollens generally present with runny nose, watery eyes, and sneezing. The most common pollen triggers are: trees, grasses, and weeds. The types of pollen that most commonly cause allergic reactions are produced by plants (trees, grasses and weeds) that do not have large flowers. These plants create small, light, dry pollen granules that can travel long distances through the air.

Most allergenic pollen comes from plants that produce it in huge quantities. A single ragweed plant for instance can generate a million grains of pollen a day. Reactions to pollen is seasonal. Spring: tree pollen August and early September: ragweed. Fall: Mould from leaf litter Household Allergens Household dust is composed of bacteria, plant and animal matter, human skin cells, food, fungi, animal dander, and dust mites. This can be an important source of air borne allergens. [3] The most common household allergens are: dust mites The most common workplace triggers include: cereal grain animals. Air Pollution Air pollution may exacerbate symptoms of allergies, and may increase an individual's succeptibility to developing allergies. [2] Genetics Family History There is a well known link between atopic conditions and family history. Several genes have been identified that increase levels of circulating IgE and may predispose an individual to developing allergic conditions. Other genes strongly linked to the development of allergies include cell adhesion genes, cell signalling genes, and the major histocompatibility comples or HLA.

[4] Diagnostic Testing Suspicion of environmental allergy should be followed by a comprehensive health history and a focused physical examination (specifically an ear nose throat examination). The best evidence for environmental allergies in an individual is if he or she can link specific exposure to the onset of allergy symptoms. The following diagnostic tests are used to evaluate environmental allergies: Laboratory Testing [5] Skin-prick testing is commonly performed to evaluate potential allergens. It is estimated that 6 common airborne allergies are responsible for 95% of allergy cases. IgE serum testing for specific antibodies can be performed to identify allergies, but this method is generally considered less effective than skin-prick testing but is less invasive. It is important to note that positive laboratory tests without correlating clinical evaluation cannot confirm the presence of allergies. Related Symptoms and Conditions Individual's with environmental allergies either commonly have the following conditions or they are at increased risk of developing the following conditions: Hayfever Characteristics There has been a marked increase in allergic conditions in the past few decades, and although the exact cause is unknown there exists several hypotheses.

A theory known as the "Hygiene Hypothesis" suggests that decreased exposure to microorganisms in childhood in developed countries, leads to improper development of the adaptive immune system and a subsequent increased risk of allergic disease. [4] Common Symptoms Common signs and symptoms associated with seasonal and environmental allergies include: [3] Paroxysmal sneezing Sleep disturbance Naturopathic Treatment The goal of naturopathic treatment is to support and work in tandem with the healing power of the body and to address the causal factors of disease with individual treatment strategies. Environmental allergies are typically a chronic disease , yet they can be resolved when the immune system is rebalanced. It is always advisable to work with a naturopathic doctor before engaging in any treatment plan. Home Care Household recommendations: [1] Remove household carpets and replace curtains with shades. Dust-mite proof pillow and mattress covers are your first line of defense against dust mites. It is also helpful to wash bedding, especially pillow cases more frequently during allergy season. Limit access of pets to specific areas of the home. Bathing pets more frequently can also be beneficial. Installation of a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter can all help to reduce the severity of allergies.

A cool-mist humidifier can help to lessen nasal congestion and wheezing. If you have a lot of carpets a dehumidifier can help keep dust mites under control and can prevent mold. Clean your furnace/air-conditioner filter frequently to remove pollen. During Allergy Season Stay inside when pollen counts are high (mid-day to late afternoon). Pollen counts are generally lowest just after sunrise. Watch local weather reports for local pollen counts. Keep windows closed and use air conditioning at home and in the car to reduce exposure to outdoor pollens. If a window-type air conditioner is used, keep the vent closed. Do not use a fan with an open window, as this can bring more pollen into your home. Keep exercise and outside work limited to times when the pollen count is low. Take your holiday during the peak of the pollen season in a place where the plants you are allergic to don't grow. Mow your grass often. If possible, have a family member or friend do it for you. If this is not possible wear a dust/pollen mask while you mow. Avoid places with lots of weeds and tall grasses, like parks or fields. Wear wrap-around sunglasses to prevent pollen from blowing into your eyes.

Avoid people that smoke . Tobacco is a notorious irritant that increases allergy symptoms.

↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Horwitz RJ (2012) Rakel: Integrative Medicine 3rd ed Chap 29 The Allergic Patient Saunders ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tan EA, Matsui E, Wiesch DG, Samet JM (2008) Adkinson: Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice, 7th ed Chap 42 Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergic Diseases Mosby ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hernandez-Trujillo V, Mitchell G, Lieberman P (2011) Rakel: Textbook of Family Medicine, 8th ed Chap 20 Allergy Saunders ↑ 4.0 4.1 Homburger HA (2011) McPherson: Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods 22nd ed Chap 54 Allergic Diseases Saunders ↑ Baroody FM, Naclerio RM (2010) Flint: Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, 5th ed Chap 40 Immunology

 of the Upper Airway and Pathophysiology and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis Mosby ↑ Kidd P (2003) Th1/Th2 Balance: The Hypothesis, its Limitation, and Implications for Health and Disease Alt Med Rev 8(3):223-246 AAFA | Rhinitis Rhinitis Rhinitis (Nasal Allergies) What Is Rhinitis?

The word rhinitis means “inflammation of the nose.” The nose produces fluid called mucus. This fluid is normally thin and clear. It helps to keep dust, debris and allergens out of the lungs. Mucus traps particles like dust and pollen, as well as bacteria and viruses. Mucus usually drains down the back of your throat. You’re not aware of this most of the time because it is a small amount and is thin. When the nose becomes irritated, it may produce more mucus, which becomes thick and pale yellow. The mucus may begin to flow from the front of the nose as well as the back. Substances in the mucus may irritate the back of the throat and cause coughing. Postnasal drip occurs when more mucus drains down the back of the throat. What Causes Rhinitis? Irritants or allergens (substances that provoke an allergic response) may cause rhinitis. The cells of your body react to these irritants or allergens by releasing histamine and other chemicals. Rhinitis is often a temporary condition. It clears up on its own after a few days for many people. In others, especially those with allergies, rhinitis can be a chronic problem.

Chronic means it is almost always present or recurs often. Rhinitis can last for weeks to months with allergen exposure. What Are the Types of Rhinitis? There are several types of rhinitis: Allergic rhinitis is caused by allergies to substances called allergens. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is sometimes called “hay fever.” But, people with seasonal allergic rhinitis do not have to have a fever and do not have to be exposed to hay to develop this condition. It is an allergic reaction to pollen from trees, grasses and weeds. This type of rhinitis occurs mainly in the spring and fall, when pollen from trees, grasses and weeds are in the air. Perennial allergic rhinitis is caused by allergens that are present all year long. The primary causes of this type of rhinitis are allergies to dust mites, mold, animal dander and cockroach debris. Non-allergic rhinitis is not caused by allergens. Smoke, chemicals or other irritating environmental conditions may provoke non-allergic rhinitis. Hormonal changes, physical defects of the nose (like a deviated septum) and the overuse of nose sprays may also cause it. Sometimes medications cause it.

Often, the cause of this type of rhinitis is not well understood. But it is common in patients with non-allergic asthma. The symptoms are similar to allergy symptoms. Infectious rhinitis is possibly the most common type of rhinitis. It is also known as the common cold or upper respiratory infection (URI). Colds occur when a cold virus settles into the mucous membranes of the nose and sinus cavities and causes an infection. What Are the Symptoms of Rhinitis? Rhinitis symptoms include: Itching in the nose and eyes Sneezing Mucus (phlegm) in the throat (postnasal drip) Is It Allergies or a Cold? Sometimes it can be hard to tell the difference between allergies and the common cold. There are more than a hundred strains of cold viruses. Each tends to become widespread at certain times of the year, which is why you may mistake a cold for a seasonal allergy. Allergies occur at the same time every year and last as long as the allergen is in the air (usually 2-3 weeks per allergen). Allergies cause itching of the nose and eyes along with other nasal symptoms.

Colds last about one week and have less itching of the nose and eyes. What Are the Treatments for Allergic Rhinitis? The first and best option is to avoid contact with substances that trigger your nasal allergies (allergens). When prevention is not enough, consider using over-the-counter or prescription medicines: Antihistamines are taken by mouth or as a nasal spray. They can relieve sneezing and itching in the nose and eyes. They also reduce a runny nose and, to a lesser extent, nasal stuffiness. Decongestants are taken by mouth or as a nasal spray or drops. They help shrink the lining of the nasal passages which relieves nasal stuffiness. These nose drops and sprays should be taken short-term. Nasal corticosteroids are used in nasal spray form. They reduce inflammation in the nose and block allergic reactions. They are the most effective medicine type for allergic rhinitis because they can reduce all symptoms, including nasal congestion. Nasal corticosteroids have few side effects. Leukotriene receptor antagonists block the action of important chemical messengers other than histamine that are involved in allergic reactions.

Cromolyn sodium is a nasal spray that blocks the release of chemicals that cause allergy symptoms, including histamine and leukotrienes. This medicine has few side effects, but you must take it four times a day. Nasal allergy symptoms may disappear completely when the allergen is removed or after the allergy is treated. Talk to your pharmacist and health care provider about what is best for you. Many people with allergies do not get complete relief from medications. They may be candidates for immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a long-term treatment that can help prevent or reduce the severity of allergic reactions and change the course of allergic disease by modifying the body’s immune response to allergens. How Can I Prevent Allergic Rhinitis? The first and best option is to avoid contact with allergens. Other prevention tips are: Don’t touch or rub your nose. Wash your hands often with soap and water.

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis - The Asthma & Allergy Center Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Spring is traditionally a time of rebirth, filled with blooming flowers and warm, sunny days, but the season also marks the beginning of months of sneezing, wheezing and sinus congestion for many individuals. The warm weather and bursting blooms mean the release of countless airborne pollens and molds. It’s the beginning of the spring allergy season. From February or March through October, microscopic pollen grains from trees, grasses, weeds, and mold spores take flight and eventually find their way into our airways. While these tiny “invaders” are necessary for the plant regeneration that occurs each spring, they mean nothing but trouble for millions of Americans. Pollens and mold can trigger seasonal allergic rhinitis , commonly called hay fever . In fact, nearly 36 million people in the U.S. alone suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis , which causes more than eight million physician visits yearly for various troublesome symptoms. An allergy is an abnormal reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance, such as pollen or mold.

Simply, it’s an overreaction to something the body views as an “invader.” When an allergen such as a pollen grain enters the body and comes in contact with the lining of the nose, the immune system of an allergic individual initiates a chain reaction to protect itself. White blood cells, known as lymphocytes, produce antibodies which cause the release of chemical mediators such as histamine . Histamine and other chemicals cause the classic allergy symptoms, including runny nose, water eyes and sneezing. While different areas of the country and the world experience varying pollen seasons, there is rarely an escape from seasonal allergies altogether. People with allergies have an inherited, genetic tendency to produce IgE, the allergic antibody, in response to different substances. For some people, pollen and mold have this effect. For others, it’s dust mites and cat dander. When an allergic person moves to a new area to try to escape their allergies, exposure to different allergens in the new location will likely result in a new set of allergy triggers over time. You can’t hide from allergies. And while pollen seasons wax and wane in different areas among different plant species, molds are present almost everywhere and at any time.

Outdoors, they can be found in soil, vegetation and rotting wood. Inside, they are found in attics, basements, bathrooms, refrigerators and other food storage areas, garbage cans, carpets and upholstery. Weather does affect pollen and mold distribution. Rainy and windless days can alleviate allergic rhinitis symptoms, while hot, dry, and windy conditions signal heavy pollen and mold distribution and increased allergic symptoms. Considering its broad reach, genetic link and potentially severe symptoms, seasonal allergies represent a major portion of today’s health concerns. So before you get to the bottom of your next box of tissues, get your allergies under control. Contact your allergist. He or she can provide testing, environmental control measures, and medications that can relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis or other allergies by preventing the release of histamine in the body. Newer antihistamines offer fewer unwanted side effects, such as drowsiness, and are available by prescription. Decongestants can also treat nasal congestion and other symptoms by clearing nasal passages, while bronchodilators can relieve coughing, wheezing and difficulty in breathing. Other anti-inflammatory agents can also aid in reducing airway inflammation .

Successful treatment of allergies includes early detection to avoid unnecessary suffering, proper use of medications, and allergen avoidance whenever possible. Ignoring or tolerating seasonal allergy symptoms can lead to more serious conditions, such as asthma , sinusitis , and other allergic diseases. So don’t tolerate your symptoms. Get them treated! Did you know? Pollens are small, round-shaped male cells of flowering trees, grasses and weeds. The average pollen particle is less than the width of a human hair. Brightly colored, perfumed flowers such as roses are less likely to cause allergic reactions because their pollen is too large, heavy and sticky to travel in the air. Pollens can remain on your skin and hair for hours after spending time outdoors. The amount of pollen that trees release in the spring is determined the previous fall. The plant most responsible for triggering allergic reactions in the fall is ragweed. Pollens can travel as far as 400 miles and up to two miles high in the air. Plants have pollination cycles which are consistent from year to year, though weather conditions can affect the amount of pollen in the air at any time. Trees pollinate earliest, followed by grasses. Weeds pollinate last.

Pollens vanish after the first hard frost for most regions. About Us The Asthma & Allergy Center was established in 1979 and has served as the Omaha area's leading care provider specializing in Asthma & Allergies for the last 35 years. Latest Posts

Question: In the human body, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known by what name?
Answer: Hayfever