Pamela Anderson Rejects Ice Bucket Challenge Because Of ALS Animal Testing History (UPDATE) | The Huffington Post Pamela Anderson Rejects Ice Bucket Challenge Because Of ALS Animal Testing History (UPDATE) 08/22/2014 06:02 am ET | Updated Aug 24, 2014 13k Liat Kornowski Deputy Director of Growth and Analytics, The Huffington Post While many celebrities have accepted the now-viral ice bucket challenge , meant to raise awareness and money for the ALS Association, Pamela Anderson has decided to turn the challenge down. In a Facebook post written Wednesday, August 20, Anderson explains she would like to "challenge ALS to stop Animal testing." The former "Baywatch" star, 47, further explains that experiments made on animals to find a cure for ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease) in humans have been unfruitful, and encourages her fans to "support charities that never harm animals and which pour their time and resources into advanced, promising, human-relevant cures." As of Thursday, August 21, The ALS Association has received $41.8 million in donations , reads its official website.

If you would like to donate and help spread awareness about ALS, head over to . UPDATE 8/24: The Daily Banter reached out to the ALS Association for comment. The following is their official statement on animal testing, as sent to reporter Ben Cohen: Significant advances have been made in ALS and other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease using model systems such as rodents, flies and worms to better understand disease mechanisms and to develop therapies. With advances in technology made possible through research funding from The ALS Association, different approaches to minimize the use of these model systems are being developed. Similar to organizations globally, The ALS Association supports laboratories and scientists that strictly adhere to the guidelines provided by the National Institutes of Health. The Association is committed to honoring donor intent. If a donor is not comfortable with a specific type of research, he or she can stipulate that their dollars not be invested in that particular area. Also on HuffPost: Pamela Anderson turns down ALS ice bucket challenge over animal testing concerns | Daily Mail Online comments It is the latest internet craze that has seen dozens of celebrities and sports stars have freezing cold water poured over themselves for charity.

But Pamela Anderson has refused to take part in the Ice Bucket Challenge - in aid of the ALS Association, which helps sufferers of motor neurone disease (MND) - on ethical grounds. The former Baywatch star, 47, claimed on her Facebook page that she could not take part because experiments into treatments for MND have involved cruel animal testing. No thanks: Pamela Anderson, pictured in West Hollywood on Wednesday, has refused to do the ALS ice bucket challenge Instead she posted a picture of herself in a skimpy top holding a handwritten sign saying ‘Stop animal testing’. But while some applauded her stance, others were quick to label her a hypocrite - because she based her career on the visual appeal of her silicone breast implants. They pointed out that the implants were developed through testing on animals to see whether silicone was safe. Dressed to the nines: The model and actress was clad in a skimpy skirt, high heels and a tight cardigan Well she is a knockout: Pamela had been hanging out with amateur boxer Frank Zito at the Chateau Marmont Miss Anderson wrote on Facebook: ‘Sorry - I can’t bring myself to do your Ice bucket challenge.

I enjoy a good dare - It’s always good to bring awareness - in fun, creative ways. I don’t want to take away from that, but it had me thinking. Digging a bit deeper, I found that we may not be aligned - in our messages. ‘So I thought Instead I’d challenge ALS to stop Animal testing. Recent experiments funded by the ALS Association, mice had holes drilled into their skulls, were inflicted with crippling illnesses, and were forced to run on an inclined treadmill until they collapsed from exhaustion. Monkeys had chemicals injected into their brains and backs and were later killed and dissected. Standing up for her own opinion: The former Baywatch favourite posted this image on her page Facebook page on Thursday, showcasing her tanned thighs as she asked ALS to 'stop animal testing' Saying her piece: Pamela posted this message on Facebook around the same time, noting that she and ALS 'may not be aligned' in their messages ‘What is the result of these experiments (other than a lot of suffering)?’ The posting attracted hundreds of comments, with several pointing out that the silicone in her breasts and injections in her face would have first been tested on animals.

While several comments were rather foul-mouthed, others were more considered and dubbed her ‘morally vapid’. The Ice Bucket Challenge craze took off in July and by the end of the month the ALS Association reported a dramatic rise in donations - $31.5 million compared with $1.9 million in the same period last year. For a good cause! The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge also proved to be the impetus for Anne Hathaway to finally join Instagram, which she did on Thursday in order to post her video Done deed: The 31-year-old Devil Wears Prada actress soaked herself with a large bowl of water All over! When she was done, Anne let out a squeal and a giggle at the cold water saturating her The ALS Association works towards eliminating neurodegenerative disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS damages the brain and spinal chord resulting in progressive paralysis. Nominees can either accept the challenge and donate, or reject the offer and donate a larger amount, although many celebrities have proved good sports and opted to both take on the challenge and also donate generously. Pink's husband Carey Hart tweeted on Thursday: 'I went the contribution route.

I figure ALS would rather have my money than see me wet. I'll put the water towards washing my bike later!!' Doing it together! Mark Wahlberg and wife Rhea Durham took part in the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge with their three eldest children Ella, Michael and Brendan The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge also proved to be the impetus for Anne Hathaway to finally bite the bullet and join Instagram. On Thursday, the 31-year-old Les Miserables actress posted her very first two videos to the social networking site, dressed in a white tank and not wearing a single trace of makeup. She was nominated by Valentino Fashion House's Giancarlo Giammetti, and in turn called on Kristen Stewart, Matthew McConaughey, Jessica Chastain and Joan Rivers to follow in her footsteps. Anne poured a large bowl of water over her head as she stood in a tiled bathroom and immediately erupted into laughter, squealing at the cold. Keeping it in the family: Jessica Biel didn't let the challenge go by without taking part either, throwing water on her head along with her mother and grandmother on Wednesday Mark Wahlberg took on the challenge on Wednesday along with his wife Rhea Durham and their three eldest children Ella, Michael and Brendan.

The family banded together and collectively dumped iced water on their heads for the cause. Jessica Biel didn't let the challenge go by without taking part either, throwing water on her head along with her mother and grandmother. The 32-year-old actress - who is married to Justin Timberlake - posted the evidence to Instagram after she was nominated by her friend Zosia Mamet. 'I nominate Chris Martin, Cameron Diaz and Stella McCartney': Gwyneth Paltrow stripped down to a black bikini to get covered in cold water in the name of charity Gwyneth Paltrow also came out of the woodwork amid claims that her estranged husband Chris Martin is dating Hunger Games star Jennifer Lawrence, uploading her own Ice Bucket Challenge video. The 41-year-old actress stripped down to a black bikini and in fact nominated the Coldplay frontman. She told the camera: 'Hi, I'm going to alsa.org to donate money for ALS but in the meantime I’ll do this and nominate Chris Martin, Cameron Diaz and Stella McCartney.' Nashville star Hayden Panettiere used the challenge as an opportunity to confirm her pregnancy to the world as Dancing With The Stars favourite Derek Hough threw water over her head.

'I accept my ALS Challenge,' the 24-year-old told the camera. 'I renominate Kacey Musgraves - you're not getting out of this, Wladimir Klitschko [her fiance], and my unborn child.' 'I nominate my unborn child': Hayden Panettiere surprised many by using the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge as an opportunity to confirm her pregnancy Pam Anderson criticizes ALS ice bucket challenge | Fox News Pam Anderson criticizes ALS ice bucket challenge Published August 23, 2014 Facebook 0 Twitter 0 livefyre Email Print May 27, 2014. Pamela Anderson arrives to attend the World Music Awards in Monte Carlo. (Reuters) One celeb you won’t see being dunked with an ice bucket for the viral ALS challenge is Pamela Anderson. According to Us weekly the “Baywatch” star took to social media to criticize the charity campaign that has raised millions for Lou Gehrig’s disease research. Earlier this week the longtime animal rights activist posted a Facebook message criticizing ALS researchers. "Sorry, I can't bring myself to do your Ice bucket challenge," the post began.

"I enjoy a good dare, It's always good to bring awareness - in fun, creative ways, I don't want to take away from that. I thought instead, I'd challenge ALS to stop animal testing." The 47-year-old actress continued with claims describing how animals are used in scientific experiments. "Recent experiments funded by the ALS Association, mice had holes drilled into their skulls, were inflicted with crippling illnesses, and were forced to run on an inclined treadmill until they collapsed from exhaustion. Monkeys had chemicals injected into their brains and backs and were later killed and dissected." Anderson then quoted an FDA statistic stating that 92 out of 100 drugs that succeed in animal trials fail when used on humans. "Trying to cure human diseases by relying on outdated and ineffective animal experiments isn’t only cruel—it’s a grave disservice to people who desperately need cures," she wrote.

Finally Anderson urged readers to “find and support charities that never harm animals.” Advertisement Pamela Anderson Refuses To Do ALS Ice Bucket Challenge Over Animal Testing Issue | The Huffington Post Pamela Anderson Refuses To Do ALS Ice Bucket Challenge Over Animal Testing Issue 21/08/2014 14:07 | Updated 21 August 2014 440 Daniel Welsh Entertainment Reporter, The Huffington Post UK Pamela Anderson has publicly refused to take part in the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge , over the ALS Association’s animal testing as part of their research. So far, the craze has seen a host of big name stars, including Oprah Winfrey, Bill Gates and David Beckham being doused in ice cold water, all in the name of raising awareness of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, better known in the UK as Motor Neurone Disease. Pamela Anderson However, the former ‘Baywatch’ actress and animal rights activist has now hit out at the craze, saying she wouldn’t be taking part in the Ice Bucket Challenge because of the ALS Association’s use of animal testing. Writing on her Facebook page, Pamela said: “I can’t bring myself to do your Ice bucket challenge.

“I enjoy a good dare - it’s always good to bring awareness - in fun, creative ways I don’t want to take away from that, but it had me thinking. “Digging a bit deeper I found that we may not be aligned in our messages. So… I thought instead, I’d challenge ALS to stop animal testing.” Pamela's message to the ALS Association She also posted a picture on her page, holding a piece of paper with ‘Stop Animal Testing’ written on it in black ink. Pamela is a vegan and a vocal member of animal rights’ defence organisation, PETA, having stripped off for photo-shoots to promote the group’s causes on a number of occasions. Since the Ice Bucket Challenge took off, it’s now raised $32 million (over £19,000,000) to help fight Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Check out which celebrities have taken part in the ALS Ice Bucket Challlenge - including Susanna Reid, Justin Bieber and Simon Cowell - by clicking here .

Celebrity Ice Bucket Challenges Pamela Anderson refuses ice bucket challenge: 'I won't fund an organisation that drills holes into live mice' | Celebrity | News - Closer Pamela Anderson refuses ice bucket challenge: 'I won't fund an organisation that drills holes into live mice' pamela anderson News Pamela Anderson refuses ice bucket challenge: 'I won't fund an organisation that drills holes into live mice' Related articles By Fiona Day 29 Aug 2014 12:16 Pamela Anderson has refused to take part in the ice-bucket challenge craze, writing on Facebook that she ‘won’t fund an organisation that drills holes into live mice.’ After the former Baywatch actress was challenged to take part in the charity fundraising craze- which has taken the Internet by storm- she declined. Pamela wrote on her Facebook page that she couldn’t raise money for the ALS charity after discovering that they test on animals. She wrote: “Sorry- I can't bring myself to do your Ice bucket challenge.” THE BEST CRUELTY-FREE BEAUTY PRODUCTS “I enjoy a good dare- It's always good to bring awareness - in fun, creative ways. I don't want to take away from that…. But it had me thinking.

Digging a bit deeper. I found that we may not be aligned in our messages.” “So... I thought instead I'd challenge ALS to stop Animal testing.” The PETA spokeswoman continued: “Recent experiments funded by the ALS Association, mice had holes drilled into their skulls, were inflicted with crippling illnesses, and were forced to run on an inclined treadmill until they collapsed from exhaustion. Monkeys had chemicals injected into their brains and backs and were later killed and dissected.” Post by Pamela Anderson . “All but one of these treatments failed in humans—and the one that “passed” offers only marginal benefits to humans who suffer from ALS. This massive failure rate is typical for animal experiments, because even though animals feel pain and suffer like we do, their bodies often react completely differently to drugs and diseases. Pamela Anderson shared her message on Facebook with this photo “According to the FDA, 92 out of every 100 drugs that pass animal trials fail during the human clinical trial phase.” “Sophisticated non-animal testing methods- including in vitro methods, advanced computer-modelling techniques, and studies with human volunteers, among others- have given us everything from the best life-saving HIV drugs to cloned human skin for burn victims.

OPINION: WHY I WON'T BE DOING THE #ICEBUCKETCHALLENGE “Trying to cure human diseases by relying on outdated and ineffective animal experiments isn’t only cruel—it’s a grave disservice to people who desperately need cures.” Pamela, 47, then pleaded: “Please, help scientists make real progress toward treating and curing human diseases by visiting HumaneSeal.org to find and support charities that never harm animals and which pour their time and resources into advanced, promising, human-relevant cures." Do you agree with Pamela? Ice Bucket Challenge - WikiVisually FEATURED ARTICLES · CHANGE LANGUAGE · hover over links in text for more info click links in text for more info Ice Bucket Challenge Jump to: navigation , search A person performing the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge The Ice Bucket Challenge, sometimes called the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge, is an activity involving the dumping of a bucket of ice and water over a person's head, either by another person or self-administered, to promote awareness of the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as motor neurone disease and in the US as Lou Gehrig's Disease) and encourage donations to research.

It went viral on social media during July–August 2014. [1] [2] In the US , many people participated for the ALS Association , and in the UK , many people participated for the Motor Neurone Disease Association , [3] although some individuals opted to donate their money from the Ice Bucket Challenge to other organizations. [4] The challenge encourages nominated participants to be filmed having a bucket of ice water poured on their heads and then nominating others to do the same. A common stipulation is that nominated participants have 24 hours to comply or forfeit by way of a charitable financial donation. [5] On August 1, 2015, a group of ALS organizations in the United States, including the ALS Association, Les Turner ALS Foundation , and ALS Therapy Development Institute , re-introduced the Ice Bucket Challenge for 2015 to raise further funds with the intention of establishing it as an annual occurrence. [6] Accordingly, people performed the challenge again in summer 2016.

[7] [8] [9] [10] Contents Play media Atlanta Falcons players, coaches, and staff take the Ice Bucket Challenge The origins of the idea of dumping cold water on one's head to raise money for charity are unclear and have been attributed to multiple sources. [11] The most commonly accepted origin credits Pete Frates , a Boston College student who was diagnosed with ALS in March 2012. [12] [13] Pat Quinn, a friend of Frates who was diagnosed with ALS in 2013, is also credited with creating the challenge. [14] [15] Another friend of Frates, Corey Griffin, has been credited as a "co-founder" of the challenge. [16] From mid-2013 to early 2014, a challenge of unknown origin often called the "Cold Water Challenge" became popular on social media in areas of the Northern United States . The task usually involved the option of either donating money to cancer research or having to jump into cold water. [17] According to the Wall Street Journal , the Ice Bucket Challenge was begun by professional golfers as means to support various pet charities.

[18] [19] One version of the challenge, which took place in Salem, Indiana , as early as May 15, 2014, involved dousing participants with cold water and then donating to a charity, for example a local child diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumor. [20] In another version, the Auckland Division of the Cancer Society of New Zealand was the beneficiary. [21] As with similar challenges, it was usually filmed so footage can be shared online. [22] [23] The National Fallen Firefighters Foundation popularized the "Cold Water Challenge" in early 2014 to raise funds as an unsanctioned spin-off of the polar plunge most widely used by Special Olympics as a fundraiser. [24] On May 20, 2014, the Washington Township, New Jersey , fire department posted a video on YouTube participating in the "Cold Water Challenge" with fire hoses. Participating members of the department were subsequently punished for using fire department equipment without permission.

[25] Shifting focus to ALS[ edit ] The challenge first received increased media attention in the United States on June 30, 2014, when personalities of the Golf Channel program Morning Drive, televised the social-media phenomenon, and performed a live, on-air Ice Bucket Challenge. [26] Soon after, the challenge was brought to mainstream audiences when television anchor Matt Lauer did the Ice Bucket Challenge on July 15, 2014, on NBC 's The Today Show at Greg Norman 's challenge. [27] [28] On the same day, golfer Chris Kennedy did the challenge, then challenged his cousin Jeanette Senerchia of Pelham, New York , whose husband, Anthony, had ALS for 11 years. [14] Kennedy's challenge was the first documented instance of the challenge being connected with ALS. [14] At this time, the challenge was not connected directly with ALS. [29] Participants would donate to a charity of their choice.

[29] Green Bay local radio and TV personality John Maino performs the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge Pat Quinn, who was friends on Facebook with the Senerchias, encouraged his friends to take the challenge, and soon after, Pete Frates began posting about the challenge on Twitter . [30] Frates was awarded the Stephen Heywood Patients Today Award in 2012 for his fundraising and advocacy work. [31] Frates' Boston College and sporting connections became an initial focus of the challenge and strengthened its focus on ALS. [32] Both Quinn and Frates did the challenge in support of the ALS Therapy Development Institute . In his video, Stephen Hawking declined to perform the challenge due to pneumonia the year before; however, his three children took the challenge for him. [33] The President of the United States, Barack Obama , was challenged by Ethel Kennedy but declined, opting to contribute to the campaign with a donation of $100.

[34] Justin Bieber [35] (who was criticized for not properly doing the challenge), [36] LeBron James , [37] and "Weird Al" Yankovic [38] also challenged President Obama after completing the Ice Bucket Challenge. Former President George W. Bush completed the challenge and nominated fellow former President Bill Clinton . [39] The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron , was challenged by both Alex Salmond [40] and Russell Brand , [41] but also declined in favor of a donation. [42] The Challenge's success[ edit ] The Ice Bucket Challenge was a successful campaign. Its combination of competitiveness, social media pressure, online narcissism, and low barriers to entry led to more than 2.4 million tagged videos circulating Facebook . [43] Even though 40–50% of the new donors were likely to make one-time gifts only,[ citation needed ] the Challenge instigated large numbers of people, videos, and donations. The challenge also benefited from a unique balance of mass interest and individual identification.

[44] In using social media as its platform, it accessed many people worldwide; in having its participants individually identify potential candidates – calling them out by “tagging” them – it felt personal. Furthermore, the videos were often entertaining. The average participants kept their videos under a minute,[ citation needed ] requiring limited commitment from any viewers. Another concept the Challenge benefited from was its ripple effect, inspiring features for articles, such as The Guardian 's "10 More of the Best Celebrity Takes on the Ice Bucket Challenge." [45] Despite its marketing success, critics suggested that the ease of repeating the challenge's spiel do not increase awareness of what the disease actually does and who it is so harmful to. The success of the challenge prompted the Muscular Dystrophy Association , which also raises funds to combat ALS, to discontinue its long-running annual telethon, the MDA Show of Strength , after the 2014 edition, stating that the Ice Bucket Challenge prompted the MDA to reevaluate how it can connect with the public.

[46] 2015[ edit ] On August 1, 2015, a group of ALS organizations in the United States, including the ALS Association, relaunched the Ice Bucket Challenge for 2015. The group said they intended to rerun the campaign "this August, and every August, until there's a cure (for ALS)." [6] "We have to finish what started last summer: every August until there's a cure," said Barb Newhouse, President and CEO of the ALS Association. [47] The 2015 campaign received the support of Major League Baseball , with each club due to organise its own branch of the Challenge and then nominate another franchise, along with two other local organizations or personalities, to participate in the Challenge. "We are so thrilled and grateful to have every Major League Baseball team supporting us this year" commented Frates.

[47] Celebrity participants in the 2015 challenge included Massachusetts governor Charlie Baker who took the challenge while wearing a "Free Brady" T-shirt (calling for the lifting of the suspension given to Tom Brady of the New England Patriots over Deflategate ), [48] Bieber once again, [49] actor Hugh Jackman (belatedly in early September 2015) [50] and actress Renee Zellweger who, in response to criticisms of the challenge for wasting water in drought conditions, used water from a drinking trough in a horse stables while standing in the trough to ensure every last drop was recycled back into its original source. [51] President Barack Obama also received another nomination, this time by former New Orleans Saints player Steve Gleason (himself diagnosed with ALS). [52] Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump , despite having done the challenge in 2014, emphatically turned down his 2015 nomination from Boston mayor Marty Walsh , labelling Walsh "a clown" and suggesting that Boston "get a new mayor." [53] In the UK, the MND Association declined to revive the challenge.

"We felt we raised a significant amount of money and awareness last summer. While people might be keen to do it again, we wouldn't say please do it again," said Chris James, the Association's director of external affairs. [54] Instead, the Association ran a "Last Summer" campaign commemorating the efforts of the public with the challenge, including the testimonies of ALS sufferers. [55] Despite the reluctance of the MND Association, the cast of soap opera Hollyoaks nonetheless performed the challenge, nominating the cast of another soap, Casualty . [56] Eddie Redmayne , having been nominated by Zellweger, also accepted the challenge for a second year, filming his video in London and nominating Charlie Cox , [57] who did his 2015 challenge in New York. [58] An attempt at the world record for the largest number of people simultaneously performing the challenge took place 6 September 2015 in Tewkesbury as part of a fundraiser for child bereavement charity Winton's Wish. [59] In the event, the world record of 428 remained untouched but a new UK record of 248 people was set.

[60] TV presenter Eamonn Holmes performed the challenge in early October on This Morning [61] after announcing he would do so while hosting the Pride of Britain Awards a few days earlier. [62] By early October, it was reported that the 2015 challenge had raised $500,000 as compared with the $115 million raised by the 2014 challenge. [63] The final figure was reported by the ALS Association in mid-October as being $1,000,000, with a survey by health analysts Treato showing that only 14% of donors from 2014 donated again in 2015. [64] [65] 2016[ edit ] Australian Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce performed the challenge in 2016, nominating his colleague Michael McCormack , the Minister for Small Business and in charge of the controversial 2016 Census . [7] [8] [66] Fellow Australian MP Adam Marshall also performed the challenge.

[7] A new variant on the challenge this year, the "What's In Your Bucket?" challenge, featured the replacement of the ice cubes with other substances, including tomato ketchup, spaghetti, pickles, beer, baby powder, coffee, and sand. [9] [67] [68] A further attempt on the world record for the largest mass Ice Bucket Challenge in Buffalo, New York drew 650 participants, 71 short of the existing record of 721. [10] Play media Matt Damon did the challenge with toilet water to also promote access to safe drinking water and sanitation Within 24 hours of being challenged, participants have to record a video of themselves in continuous footage. [69] First, they are to announce their acceptance of the challenge, followed by pouring ice into a bucket of water. [70] Then, the bucket is to be lifted and poured over the participant's head. [70] Then the participant can nominate a minimum of three other people to participate in the challenge. [71] Whether people choose to donate, perform the challenge, or do both varies.

[69] [72] In one version of the challenge, the participant was expected to donate $10 if they poured the ice water over their head or donate $100 if they did not. [73] In a UK version, people who performed the challenge donated £3 and those who did not perform it paid £10. [74] In another version, dumping the ice water over the participant's head was done in lieu of any donation, which led to some criticisms of the challenge being a form of " slacktivism ". [75] Many participants donated $100 in addition to doing the challenge. [76] Awareness[ edit ] In mid-2014, the Ice Bucket Challenge went viral on social media, particularly in the United States, with people, celebrities, politicians and athletes posting videos of themselves online and on TV participating in the event. [5] [34] According to The New York Times , people shared more than 1.2 million videos on Facebook between June 1 and August 13 and mentioned the phenomenon more than 2.2 million times on Twitter between July 29 and August 17.

[71] Mashable called the phenomenon "the Harlem Shake of the summer". [27] Prior to the challenge, public awareness of the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was relatively limited; the ALS Association stated that prior to the challenge going viral only half of Americans had heard of the disease, [71] often referred to as "Lou Gehrig's disease", after the famous baseball player Lou Gehrig , who publicly revealed his diagnosis in 1939. [77] After the Ice Bucket Challenge went viral on social media, public awareness and charitable donations to ALS charities soared. Hits to the English Wikipedia 's article on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis grew from an average of 163,300 views per month to 2.89 million views in August 2014, and similar increases occurred in the Spanish and German Wikipedias.

[78] Donations[ edit ] Within weeks of the challenge going viral, The New York Times reported that the ALS Association had received $41.8 million in donations from more than 739,000 new donors from July 29 until August 21, more than double the $19.4 million the association received during the year that ended January 31, 2013. [79] On August 29, the ALS Association announced that their total donations since July 29 had exceeded $100 million. [80] The ALS Association is just one of several ALS-related charities that have benefited from the challenge: Organization $500k [85] While the Ice Bucket Challenge raised much in donations, studies show that the majority of participants did not actually donate. [86] [87] In the UK, one in every six people participated, but only ten percent of the participants donated, according to the Charities Aid Foundation . [88] The percentage was higher in the US, but the majority still did not donate.

[89] In July 2015, the Huffington Post reported on the ALS Association 's summary of how the funds raised through the Ice Bucket Challenge were distributed. [90] [91] By percentage, 67% of all funds (about $77 million) went to research, 20% to patient and community services, 9% to public and professional education, 2% to additional fundraising, and 2% to external processing fees. [92] Research[ edit ] On July 25, 2016, the ALS Association announced that, thanks in part to donations from the Ice Bucket Challenge, the University of Massachusetts Medical School has identified a third gene that is a cause for the disease. [93] Project MinE , a global gene sequencing effort to identify genetic drivers of ALS, received $1 million from the challenge, allowing them to broaden the scope of their research to include new sources in new parts of the world. Having identified the link between the gene, NEK1 , and ALS will allow for a new targeted gene for therapy development, as well as focused drug development.

[94] Influences[ edit ] Several other challenges have been created and publicised as a result of the publicity of the Ice Bucket Challenge. The My Tree Challenge is an activity launched in Kerala which consists of planting a tree sapling and challenging others to do so. [95] The My Tree Challenge was preceded by a Book List Challenge, started by Facebook users, where users post a list of books that they have read and liked the most. [96] The Rice Bucket Challenge , that started in India in late August 2014 and later spread to other South Asian nations, was also partly a response to the Ice Bucket Challenge's wastefulness of water. [97] [98] The "Pie In The Eye Challenge" challenges the nominated person to receive a pie in the face . [99] [100] The Milk Bucket Challenge in which milk is poured over the nominated person, was organised in August 2015 by English dairy farmers to raise awareness of their financial plight. [101] The Rubble Bucket Challenge, started by Jordanian comedian Mohammed Darwaza, involves dumping a bucket of sand and rocks over one's head.

[102] This challenge was further popularised by Palestinian journalist Aymal al Aloul, and aims to increase awareness of Gazans who have lost their homes in the ongoing conflict with Israel. [103] The Love Bucket Challenge, started by Kerala newspaper Malayala Manorama encourages people to fill a bucket with items to donate to orphanages. [104] [ better source needed ] The Kaapi Challenge uses coffee , and is a challenge done primarily by the Chennai Super Kings to commemorate the 375th anniversary of the city of Chennai . [105] [106] Criticism[ edit ] A number of criticisms arose relating to the campaign, accusing it of being self-congratulatory, [11] [107] focusing primarily on fun rather than donating money to charity, and substituting a trivial activity for more genuine involvement in charitable activities. [108] Writing in The Daily Telegraph , Willard Foxton described the challenge as "a middle-class wet T-shirt contest for armchair clicktivists", [109] and the Evening Standard Magazine said that "it has become less about raising funds and all about showing off your star-pulling power".

[110] On August 28, 2014, it was reported that the ALS Association had filed an application to trademark the term "ice bucket challenge", [111] [112] but the application was retracted amid criticism a day later. [113] Importance of the cause[ edit ] William MacAskill , Vice-President of Giving What We Can , an organization that advocates for people to engage in more effective altruism , was critical of the Ice Bucket Challenge, citing two chief objections. [114] First, he argued that the Ice Bucket Challenge resulted in "funding cannibalism": "for every $1 we raise, 50¢ would have been donated anyway". [114] Relatedly, MacAskill argued that the challenge encouraged moral licensing , whereby people who engage in one act they consider good may feel more licensed to engage in bad behavior. [114] [115] MacAskill's piece met with considerable critical pushback, and he published a follow-up a few days later suggesting an Ice Bucket Challenge for causes he considered more important and cost-effective to support.

Citing research from GiveWell , MacAskill gave the example of donating to the Against Malaria Foundation to end malaria . [116] MacAskill's pieces were cited in Forbes , [117] Nonprofit Quarterly, [118] and Boston Review . [119] Julia Belluz at Vox.com wrote a piece with similar criticisms, linking to MacAskill's piece. Belluz noted that funding for diseases was often not proportional to the number of deaths caused by the diseases. She also noted that donating to developing world health causes could provide much greater healthcare value than donating for the treatment of rare diseases, an observation that is common in the effective altruism movement. [120] In the BBC 's More or Less podcast, economist Tim Harford discussed the Ice Bucket Challenge and how to select the best charities, referencing work by GiveWell . [121] He himself participated in the Ice Bucket Challenge, donating to the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative . [122] Ben Carter and Keith Moore wrote an article for the BBC News drawing on the arguments made in the podcast.

[123] Use of donated funds[ edit ] Retired professional wrestler Lance Storm declined the challenge despite being nominated twice, and posted a note on his official website stating that most of the money that is donated goes towards promotional and advertising of the ALS Association while the remaining amount (at most 25% of what is donated) "is going into the pockets of Big Pharma", which is already doing ALS research and is therefore inflating their already-high profits. Storm went on to comment that it would be better to actually help someone with ALS and donate money directly to ALS patients. [124] [125] The ALS Association responded to similar criticisms by saying that 79% of their annual budget went toward programs in the past year. [126] Members of the pro-life movement , such as Lila Rose of Live Action , criticised donations to the ALS Association, because it uses embryonic stem cells in its ALS research. [127] Related organisations such as the Family Research Council suggested that people participating in the Ice Bucket Challenge instead donate money to Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, Mayo Clinic , and the John Paul II Medical Research Institute , all three of which run clinical trials with adult stem cells , rather than embryonic ones.

[128] [129] The Archdiocese of Cincinnati , with its 113 schools also recommended individuals participating in the Ice Bucket Challenge to donate to such groups, but not to the ALS Association "saying the group's funding of embryonic stem cell research is 'in direct conflict with Catholic teaching'." [130] PETA criticized the ALS Association’s Ice Bucket Challenge, saying that money raised through the fundraiser would be used to fund “archaic and painful tests on animals.” [131] Russell Simmons , [131] Pamela Anderson , [132] and Grimes , [133] [134] among other celebrities, also criticized the ALS Association’s fundraiser for its support of animal testing.

Anderson wrote on her Facebook page, “Trying to cure human diseases by relying on outdated and ineffective animal experiments isn't only cruel – it's a grave disservice to people who desperately need cures.” [132] Focus on the stunt rather than donations[ edit ] American stunt performer and TV personality Steve-O questioned the campaign, suggesting that celebrities' videos generally forgot to share donation information for ALS charities, and that the initial $15 million in funds was insignificant, given the star power of the celebrities participating. He noted that, of the videos he viewed, only Charlie Sheen and Bill Gates mentioned that the point is to donate money. [135] A similar criticism was made by Jacob Davidson in Time Magazine [136] and by Arielle Pardes in Vice . [108] Health risks[ edit ] On August 22, 2014, Dr. Brian O'Neill, a physician at the Detroit Medical Center , warned that the challenge may have adverse health effects on participants, including potentially inducing a vagal response which might, for example, lead to unconsciousness in people taking blood pressure medications.

[137] A number of participants have sustained injuries, [138] and at least two deaths have been linked to the challenge, [139] [140] with another thought to be from a variation on the challenge, jumping feet first into water. [141] "Michael's Story" poster[ edit ] "Michael's Story" was a campaign poster from the UK MND Association's summer 2015 "Last Summer" first anniversary campaign which featured Michael Smith. He had not taken part in the Ice Bucket Challenge and was subsequently diagnosed with motor neurone disease. This caused controversy, with some critics saying that the poster was implying that Smith had deserved his illness for his previous non-participation. The claims were strongly refuted by the Association and by Smith himself. [55]

Question: Which Canadian/US actress declined the challenge because of ALS’s testing on animals?
Answer: PAMELA ANDERSON