The Garden of Medicinal Plants Commemorative The glorious peony, commemorates Paeon, physician to the gods of ancient Greece, who enjoyed the best private practice of the era. Homer’s Iliad v. 401 and 899 (c. 800 BC) provides further details (Murray, 1924). The name Paeon came to be associated as being Apollo, Greek god of healing, poetry, the sun and much else, and father of Aesculapius/Asclepias. Hesiod, the greatest Greek author after Homer, about a century later, clearly regarded them as separate deities, viz: If neither Phoebus Apollo does save us from death, nor Paean who knows remedies for everything. The Mycenaean Greeks of the late Bronze Age (1600–1100 BC) worshipped a god of healing called Paiawon, ‘a divinity with a formidable knowledge of herbs and drugs ...’ (Graf, 2009), and Apollo was not known. Paiawon’s cult disappeared after the collapse of the Mycenaean world.

The fusion of Paiawon/Paeon and Apollo occurred much later as both being names for the god of healing. Theophrastus (c. 300 BC), repeated by Pliny (AD 79), wrote that if a woodpecker saw one collecting peony seed during the day, it would peck out one’s eyes, and (like mandrake) the roots had to be pulled up at night by tying them to the tail of a dog, with the added warning that one’s ‘fundament might fall out’ (anal prolapse) if one cut the roots with a knife. Theophrastus, I am glad to say, thought this ‘far-fetched’, as did Pliny, viz: ‘all this, however, I take to be so much fiction, most frivolously invented to puff up their supposed marvellous properties’. Oakeley, Dr. Henry. (2012). Doctors in the Medicinal Garden. Plants named after physicians. Royal College of Physicians.

link Horticulture An upright, sparsely branched, deciduous shrub (tree peony) with dark green leaves, blue-green beneath, each with elliptic leaflets, deeply cut into pointed lobes. In late spring and early summer, the plant bears large, semi-double, bowl-shaped, white flowers. Numerous, golden yellow anthers surround the bright pink stigma and filaments in the centre, creating an eye catching halo effect. Grows 1.5m high and wide. Brickell, C. (2003). A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Dorling Kindersley. p.763 Full hardy to frost hardy, young foliage and flower buds may be damaged by late spring frosts. Grow in deep, fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. Shelter tree peonies from cold, drying winds. Large-flowered cultivars may need support. To propagate, sow seed in containers outdoors in autumn or early winter, make take 2 to 3 years to germinate). Divide herbaceous peonies in autumn or in early spring, or take rooting cuttings in winter.

Take semi-ripe cuttings of tree peonies in summer, or graft in winter. Susceptible to viruses, eelworms, and swift moth larvae. Honey fungus may cause rapid death. Peony grey mould blight (peony wilt) may destroy shoots and buds. Brickell, C. (2003). A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Dorling Kindersley. p.760 Peonies are long-lived plants but often resent disturbance. The secret of growing them well is not to plant the tubers too deeply. The top of the crown should be no more than 5cm (2 inches) below the soil surface. If they are too deep they produce leaf and no flower. Medicinal In Traditional Chinese Medicine the root and root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa is thought to be analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, sedative, styptic and a tonic. An extract of the plant has antibacterial activity.

The Chinese use it to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus, Bacillus dysenteriae, Typhoid bacillus, Paratyphoid bacillus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, E. coli, Haemophilus pertussis and Streptococcus. The plant is used internally in the treatment of fevers, boils, menstrual disorders, nosebleeds, ulcers, irritability and gastro-intestinal infections. This remedy should only be used under the supervision of a qualified practitioner. The herb acts as a synergist when used with liquorice (Glycyrrhiza spp). A tea made from the dried crushed petals of various peony species has been used as a cough remedy, and as a treatment for haemorrhoids and varicose veins. Plants for a Future (2016) at link Paeonia- the classical Greek name said to commemorate Paeon, physician of the gods and reputed discoverer of medicinal properties… We still speak of a paeon or song of praise, originally a hymn to Apollo. Stearn, W.T. (1996). Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners. Cassell.

p.229 suffruticosa- somewhat shrubby. Herbaceous Perennial Plants by Vickie Bartman - issuu issuu Perennials, Grasses, Annuals, & Bulbs Vickie Bartman November 2011 H E R B A C E O U S PERENNIALS, GRASSES, ANNUALS & BULBS Perennials Preface: Deadheading: For Rebloom Deadheading: To Improve Appearance Perennial Plant Profiles .................................. 1-118 Grasses Preface: Ornamental Grasses Suitable for Michigan Gardens 2011 Comparison Chart for Ornamental Grasses Ornamental Grass Profiles ......................... 119-137 Annuals & Tender Perennials Annual & Tender Perennial Profiles ............ 138-176 Bulbs — Perennial & Tender Preface: Chart: Hardy Bulbs—Fall Planting for Spring Blooms Chart: Tender Bulbs—Spring Planting for Summer Blooms Perennial & Tender Bulb Profiles ................

179-194 Researched and compiled by Vickie Bartman November 2011 Research Sources - Works Cited (in alphabetic order) Butler University Botanical Studies Kemper Center for Home Gardening Washington State University - Virginia Lohr Dept. of Hort. & Landscape Arch. ~lohr/ Wikipedia Printed Publications Continuous Bloom, Pam Duthie, ©2000 ISBN 1-883052-23-8 Pictorial Guide To Perennials, Helmer & Hodge, ©2001 ISBN 978-1-933272-17-7 When Perennials Bloom, Tomasz Anisko, ©2008 ISBN 978-0-88192-887-7 Content Index A Achillea species .................... 16 Aconitum napellus ............... 94 Adam’s Needle ......................... 49 Adiantum pedatum ............... 17 Aegopodium podagraria ....... 50 African Daisy ........................ 164 Ageratum houstonianum ... 138 Ajuga reptans ....................... 18 Alcea rosea ...........................

51 Alchemilla mollis ................... 19 Allheal ..................................... 16 Allium giganteum .............. 179 Alumroot ................................. 34 Amaranthus caudatus ....... 139 Andropogon gerardii .......... 119 Anemone x hybrida .......... 112 Angels-Hair ............................. 53 Annual Vinca ......................... 147 Anthemis tinctoria ................ 52 Antirrhinum majus ............ 140 Aquilegia x hybrida ................. 2 Arabis caucasica ................... 20 Argyranthemum frutescens 141 Armeria maritima ................. 21 Artemesia schmidtiana ......... 53 Arum Lily .............................. 194 Aruncus dioicus .................... 22 Asarum europaeum .............. 54 Asarabacca ............................. 54 Asclepias tuberosa ............... 95 Asiatic Lily .............................. 79 Aster species ...................... 113 Astilbe .................................... 55 Astilbe species ..................... 55 Astrantia major .................... 23 Athyrium filix-femina ............

24 Athyrium nipponicum .......... 56 Aurinia saxatalis ................... 25 Azure Sage ........................... 106 B Baby’s Breath .......................... 71 Bachelor’s Button .................... 58 Bacopa .................................. 142 Bacopa cordata .................. 142 Balloon Flower ................ 86, 109 Balsam .................................. 160 Baptisia australis ................. 26 Barberton Daisy .................... 157 Basket Of Gold ........................ 25 Bearded Iris ............................ 74 Bedstraw ................................. 33 Beard Tongue ......................... 85 Bee Balm ................................. 82 Begonia semperflorens ....... 143 Begonia tuberhybrida ........ 188 Belamcanda chinensis .......... 96 Bellflower ................................ 28 Bergamot ................................ 82 Bergenia cordifolia .............. 27 Bethlehem Sage ...................... 45 Big Blue Stem ........................ 119 Bigleaf Golden-Ray ............... 104 Bishop’s Hat ............................. 6 Bishop’s Weed ........................ 50 Bizzy Lizzy ............................ 160 Blackberry Lily ........................ 96 Black Cohosh ........................ 115 Black-Eyed Susan ....................

87 Black-Eyed Susan Vine .......... 172 Black Root ............................. 110 Black Snakeroot .................... 115 Blanket Flower ........................ 32 Blazing Star ............................ 78 Bleeding Heart .......................... 5 Bloodwort ............................... 16 Blue Cornflower ...................... 58 Blue Fescue ........................... 127 Blue Grama Grass .................. 120 Bluemink .............................. 138 Blue Mountain Grass ............. 127 Blue Oat Grass ...................... 129 Blueweed .............................. 138 Bouteloua gracilis .............. 120 Brassica oleracea ............... 144 Bride’s Feathers ...................... 22 Brooklime ............................... 93 Brunnera macrophylla ........... 3 Bugbane ............................... 115 Bugleweed .............................. 18 Butter Snakewort .................... 78 Butterfly Weed ........................ 95 C Caladium .............................. 189 Caladium x hortulanum ..... 189 Calamagrostis acutiflora ... 121 Calamagrostis brachytricha 122 Calendula officinalis ..........

145 Calibrachoa x hybrida ....... 146 Calla Lily ............................... 194 Campanula carpatica ........... 28 Campanula glomerata ......... 57 Candytuft ................................. 35 Canna x generalis ............. 190 Cape Daisy ............................ 164 Cape Marguerite ................... 164 Cardinal Flower ..................... 105 Carex buchananii ............... 123 Carex oshimensis ............... 124 Carpathian ............................... 28 Carpet Bugle ............................ 18 Catharanthus roseus ......... 147 Catmint .................................. 83 Catnip ..................................... 83 Celosia argentea ................ 148 Centaurea cineraria ........... 149 Centaurea montana ............. 58 Centranthus ruber ............... 59 Cerastium tomentosum ......... 29 Charity ..................................... 43 Chasmanthium latifolium .. 125 Chelone lyonii ...................... 60 Cherry Pie Plant .................... 159 China Pink ............................ 152 Chinese Bellflower .................. 86 Chinese Peony .........................

40 Chinese Silver Grass .............. 130 Chrysanthemum morifolium 114 Chrysanthemum x rubellum 61 Cimicifuga racemosa ......... 115 Clara Curtis Daisy ................... 61 Cleavers ................................... 33 Cleome hassleriana ............ 150 Cluster Bellflower .................... 57 Cobbitty Daisy ...................... 141 Coleus .................................. 170 Colocasia esculenta ............ 191 Common Monkshood .............. 94 Convallaria majalis ............... 30 Coral Bells ............................... 34 Cord Grass ............................ 136 Coreopsis lanceolata ............ 62 Coreopsis verticillata ........... 63 Corydalis lutea ....................... 4 Cosmos bipinnatus ............. 151 Cowslip .................................... 39 Creeping Baby’s Breath ........... 72 Creeping Phlox ........................ 11 Crocus vernus .................... 180 Culver’s Root ........................ 110 Crown Imperial ..................... 181 Curly Top .............................. 123 Cushion Spurge ......................... 7 D Daffodil ................................ 185 Dahlia ...................................

192 Dahlia hybrids ................... 192 Daisy Fleabane ........................ 67 Daylily .................................... 73 Dane’s Blood .......................... 57 Delphinium ............................. 64 Delphinium elatum .............. 64 Content Index Deschampsia caespitosa .... 126 Dianthus chinensis ............. 152 Dianthus plumarius .............. 31 Diascia barberae ............... 153 Dicentra eximia ................... 65 Dicentra spectabilis ................ 5 Dichondra argentea ........... 154 Digitalis x mertonensis ........ 66 Dogtooth Daisy ..................... 100 Dusty Miller .......................... 149 Dutch Crocus ........................ 180 E Easter Lily ............................. 183 Echinacea purpurea ............. 97 Elephant’s Ear ....................... 191 English Lavender ..................... 77 Epimedium grandiflorum ........ 6 Erigeron speciosus ............... 67 Eryngium amethystinum ...... 98 Eulalia ................................... 130 Euounymus fortunei ........... 118 Eupatorium purpureum .......

99 Euphorbia epithymoides .......... 7 European Wild Ginger .............. 54 Eyebrow Grass ...................... 120 F Fairy Candle .......................... 115 False Bleeding Heart .................. 4 False Dragonhead ................. 108 False Forget-Me-Not ................. 3 False Indigo ............................. 26 False Miterwort ........................ 14 False Spirea ............................ 55 False Sunflower ..................... 101 Feather Reed Grass ............... 121 Feathered Celosia ................. 148 Festuca glauca ................... 127 Filipendula rubra ................. 68 Filipendula ulmaria .............. 69 Fingerleaf Rodgersia ................ 13 Five-Fingered Maidenhair ........ 17 Floss Flower .......................... 138 Flowering Kale ...................... 144 Flowering Tobacco ................ 163 Foamflower .............................. 14 Fountain Grass ...................... 133 Foxglove Penstemon ............... 85 Foxtail Amaranth .................. 148 Foxtail Grass ......................... 122 French Marguerite ................. 141 French Marigold .................... 171 Fringed Bleeding Heart ............

65 (cont’d) Fritillaria imperialis ........... 181 Fuchsia ................................. 155 Fuchsia x hybrida .............. 155 Fumitory .................................... 4 G Gaillardia grandiflora ........... 32 Galium odoratum .................. 33 Garden Cosmos .................... 151 Garden Impatiens ................. 160 Garden Mum ......................... 114 Garden Phlox ........................ 107 Gayfeather .............................. 78 Gazania rigens .................. 156 Geranium himalayense ........ 70 Gerbera jamesonii ............. 157 German Iris ............................. 74 Giant Onion .......................... 179 Gladiola ................................ 193 Gladiolus x hortulanus ....... 193 Globeflower ............................ 92 Goatsbeard .............................. 22 Goldenrod ............................ 117 Goldentuft ............................... 25 Goose Neck Loosestrife ......... 116 Grape Hyacinth ..................... 184 Greek Valerian ......................... 43 Ground Elder ........................... 50 Gypsophila paniculata ......... 71 Gypsophila repens ...............

72 H Hakone Grass ....................... 128 Hakonechloa macra ........... 128 Hardy Hibiscus ...................... 102 Hazelwort ............................... 54 Heart Of Jesus ....................... 189 Heartleaf Bergenia ................... 27 Hedge Nettle ............................ 47 Helenium autumnal ........... 100 Helen’s Flower ...................... 100 Helianthus annuus ............. 158 Helictotrichon sempervirens 129 Heliopsis helianthoides ....... 101 Heliotrope ............................. 159 Heliotropium arborescens .. 159 Helleborus orientalis ............... 1 Hemerocallis species ............ 73 Hen & Chicks .......................... 90 Herb Gerard ............................. 50 Heuchera americana ............ 34 Hibiscus moscheutos .......... 102 Himalayan Geranium ............... 70 Hollowort ................................... 4 Hollyhock ................................ 51 Hollyhock Mallow .................... 81 Horsemint ............................... 82 Horseshoe Geranium ............ 165 Hosta species ....................... 103 House Leek .............................

90 Hyacinth ............................... 182 Hyacinthus orientalis ......... 182 Hybrid Columbine ...................... 2 Hybrid Red Chrysanthemum ... 61 I Iberis sempervirens .............. 35 Impatiens walleriana ......... 160 Indian Cress .......................... 173 Indian Shot ........................... 190 Iris ensata ........................... 75 Iris hybrids .......................... 74 Iris sibirica .......................... 76 Irish Moss ............................... 88 J Jacob’s Ladder ......................... 43 Japanese Anemone ............... 112 Japanese Iris ........................... 75 Japanese Spurge ...................... 10 Japanese Painted Fern ............. 56 Japanese Tree Peony ................ 41 Jasmine Tobacco ................... 163 Joe-Pye Weed .......................... 99 Jonquil .................................. 185 Jupiter’s Beard ........................ 59 K Kaiser’s Crown ...................... 181 Kidney-Root ........................... 99 Kidneyweed .......................... 154 Korean Feather Reed Grass ... 122 L Ladder-To-Heaven .................. 30 Ladies’ Eardrop ..................... 155 Lady’s Fern .............................. 24 Lady’s Mantle ...........................

19 Lamb’s Ear ............................... 47 Lamiastrum galeobdolan ...... 36 Lamium maculatum ................ 8 Lanceleaf Coreopsis ................ 62 Lantana camara ................ 161 Larkspur ................................. 64 Lavender ................................. 77 Content Index (contâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d) Lavendula angustifolia ......... 77 Leatherleaf Sedge ................. 123 Lenten Rose ............................... 1 Leopard Lily ............................ 96 Leucanthemum x superbum .. 37 Liatris spicata ...................... 78 Ligularia stenocephala ....... 104 Lilac Cranesbill ....................... 70 Lilium asiatic hybrids ........... 79 Lilium longiflorum ............. 183 Lilium orientale .................... 80 Lily Of The Valley ..................... 30 Linum perenne ...................... 38 Little Blue Stem ..................... 135 Lobelia cardinalis ............... 105 Lobularia maritima ............ 162 Longspur Barrenwort ................. 6 Love-Lies-Bleeding ............... 139 Lungwort .................................

45 Lysimachia clethroides ....... 116 Needle Palm ............................. 49 Nepeta x faassenii ............. 83 Nicotiana alata .................. 163 Northern Maidenhair Fern ........ 17 Northern Sea Oats ................. 125 M P Madwort .................................. 25 Maiden Grass ........................ 130 Malva alcea ......................... 81 Marguerite Daisy ...................... 52 Masterwort .............................. 23 May Bells ................................. 30 Meadowsweet ......................... 69 Mealy-Cup Sage .................... 168 Mertensia virginica ............... 39 Mexican Aster ....................... 151 Michealmas Daisy ................. 113 Million Bells .......................... 146 Mini Petunia .......................... 146 Miscanthus sinensis ........... 130 Missouri Evening Primrose ...... 84 Molinia caerulea ................ 131 Monarda didyma .................. 82 Monks Cress ......................... 173 Mosquito Grass ..................... 120 Moss Phlox .............................. 11 Moss Pink ................................ 11 Moss Rose ............................ 167 Moss-Rose Purslane .............. 167 Mountain Bluet ........................

58 Muscari armeniacum ......... 184 Myosotis scorpiodes ................ 9 Myrtle ................................... 111 N Narcissus hybrid ................ 185 Narrow-Spiked Ligularia ....... 104 Nasturtium ........................... 173 O Obedient Plant ...................... 108 Oenothera macrocarpa ........ 84 Orange Coneflower ................. 87 Oriental Lily ............................ 80 Oriental Poppy ......................... 42 Ornamental Cabbage ............ 144 Orpine .................................. 109 Osteospermum ecklonis ..... 164 Oswego Tea ............................ 82 Oxeye Chamomile .................... 52 Oxeye Sunflower ................... 101 Ozark Sundrops ...................... 84 Pachysandra terminalis ........ 10 Paeonia lactiflora .................. 40 Paeonia suffriticosa .............. 41 Painted Daisy ........................... 48 Painted Nettle ....................... 170 Palm Lily .................................. 49 Panicum virgatum ............. 132 Pansy .................................... 175 Papaver orientale ................. 42 Paris Daisy ............................ 141 Pearlwort ................................

88 Pelargonium x hortorum .... 165 Pendant Amaranth ................ 139 Pennisetum orientale ......... 133 Pennisetum s. rubrum ........ 134 Penstemon digitalis .............. 85 Peony ...................................... 40 Perennial Flax .......................... 38 Periwinkle ............................. 111 Perovskia atriplicifolia ....... 106 Persian Chrysanthemum .......... 48 Petunia ................................. 166 Petunia x hybrida .............. 166 Phlox paniculata ................ 107 Phlox subulata ...................... 11 Physostegia virginiana ....... 108 Pig Lily .................................. 194 Pigsqueak ................................ 27 Pincushion Flower .................... 46 Pinks ....................................... 31 Plantain Lily .......................... 103 Platycodon grandiflorus ....... 86 Pleurisy Root ........................... 95 Plumed Cockscomb ............... 148 Polemonium caeruleum ........ 43 Polygonatum odoratum ....... 12 Portulaca grandiflora ....... 167 Pot Marigold .........................

145 Pot-Of-Gold ........................... 63 Prairie Dropseed ................... 137 Primrose ................................. 44 Primula species .................... 44 Pulmonaria saccharata ........ 45 Purple Coneflower ................... 97 Purpleleaf Wintercreeper ....... 118 Pussy Foot ............................ 138 Pyrethrum Daisy ..................... 48 Q Queen Of The Meadow ............ 69 Queen Of The Prairie ............... 68 R Rattlebrush .............................. 26 Rattleweed ............................... 26 Red Fountain Grass ............... 134 Red Valerian ........................... 59 Rock Cress ............................... 20 Rodgerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Flower ....................... 13 Rodgersia aesculifolia ........... 13 Rose Mallow .......................... 102 Rudbeckia fulgida ................ 87 Russian Sage ......................... 106 S Sage ....................................... 89 Sagina subulata ................... 88 Salvia farinacea ................. 168 Salvia nemorosa .................. 89 Salvia splendens ................ 169 Scabiosa columbaria ............. 46 Scarlet Sage ..........................

169 Schizachyrium scoparium .. 135 Scilla siberica ..................... 186 Sea Holly ................................. 98 Sea Pink ................................... 21 Sea Thrift ................................. 21 Sedum spectabile ............... 109 Seed Geranium ..................... 165 Sempervivum tectorum ........ 90 Shasta Daisy ............................ 37 Shellflower .............................. 60 Showy Fleabane ...................... 67 Shrub Verbena ...................... 161 Siberian Bugloss ........................ 3 Siberian Iris ............................. 76 Content Index Siberian Squill ....................... 186 Silver Mound ............................ 53 Silver Nickel Vine .................. 154 Silver Ponysfoot .................... 154 Silver Ragwort ....................... 149 Sloughgrass .......................... 136 Smooth Oxeye ...................... 101 Snapdragon .......................... 140 Sneezeweed .......................... 100 Snow In Summer ...................... 29 Snow On The Mountain ............ 50 Solenostemon scutellarioides 170 Solidago hybrids ................ 117 Solomon’s Seal ........................ 12 Spanish Flag .........................

161 Spartina pectinata ............. 136 Spider Flower ........................ 150 Spider Lily ............................... 91 Spiderwort .............................. 91 Spike Speedwell ...................... 93 Sporobolus heterolepsis ..... 137 Spotted Deadnettle .................... 8 Spoonleaf Yucca ....................... 49 Stachys byzantina ................. 47 Staggerweed ........................... 64 Staggerwort .......................... 100 Star Of The Veldt .................. 164 Staunchweed ........................... 16 Stonecrop ............................. 109 Strawberry Foxglove ............... 66 Sunflower ............................. 158 Sutera cordata ................... 142 Swamp Mallow ...................... 102 Sweet Alyssum ...................... 162 Sweet Woodruff ........................ 33 Switch Grass ......................... 132 Sword Lily ............................. 193 T Tagetes patula ................... 171 Tall Moor Grass ..................... 131 Tanacetum cocciceum ........... 48 Taro ...................................... 191 Tassel Flower ........................ 139 Threadleaf Coreopsis .............. 63 Thunbergia alata ...............

172 Tiarella cordifolia ................. 14 Tickseed ................................. 62 Tradescantia virginiana ....... 91 Transvaal Daisy ..................... 157 Treasure Flower .................... 156 Trillium .................................... 15 Trillium grandiflorum ........... 15 Trollius europaeus .................. 92 Tropaeolum majus ............. 173 (cont’d) True Forget-Me-Not .................. 9 True Lavender ......................... 77 Trumpet Weed ........................ 99 Tuberous Begonia ................. 188 Tufted Hair Grass .................. 126 Tulip ..................................... 187 Tulip hybrids ..................... 187 Turkey Corn ............................ 65 Turkeyfoot ............................ 119 Turtlehead .............................. 60 Tussock Grass ...................... 126 Tussock Harebell ..................... 28 Twinspur .............................. 153 U V Variegated Dead Nettle ............ 36 Variegated Japanese Sedge ... 124 Verbena ................................ 174 Verbena x hybrida ............. 174 Veronica spicata .................. 93 Veronicastrum virginicum . 110 Vinca minor .......................

111 Viola x wittrockiana ........... 175 Virginia Bluebells ..................... 39 W Wake-Robin ............................. 15 Wall Cress ................................ 20 Water Forget-Me-Not ................ 9 Water Iris ................................ 75 Wax Begonia ......................... 143 West Indian Lantana .............. 161 Whorled Tickseed ................... 63 Widow’s Tears ......................... 91 Wild Spikenard ........................ 54 Windflower ........................... 112 Winged Tobacco ................... 163 Wolf’s Bane ............................. 94 Wood Squill ........................... 186 Woolly Betony ......................... 47 Wormwood .............................. 53 Woundwort ........................ 16, 47 Y Yarrow ..................................... 16 Yellow Alyssum ........................ 25 Yellow Archangel ..................... 36 Yucca filamentosa ................. 49 Z Zantedeschia ..................... 194 Zebra Grass .......................... 130 Zinnia ..................................... 17 Zinnia elegans ................... 176 Zonal Geranium ....................

165 Perennials A perennial plant: lives more than 2 years, some have a life span measured in decades; is herbaceous, meaning it dies back to the crown/ground and regrows; and, has non-woody stems. Helleborus orientalis LENTEN ROSE, LENTEN HELLEBORE, ORIENTAL HELLEBORE FAMILY: CULTIVARS: HEIGHT: WIDTH/SPACING: HABIT: ZONE: RANUNCULACEAE 15-18 inches 12-18 inches clump forming groundcover 3-8, heat 8-1 LONGEVITY: generally long lived, but takes a long time to get established FOLIAGE: palmate, serrate margins, leathery, glossy, basal, dark green, 7-9 segments; often evergreen; leaves, stems & roots are poisonous; deep rooted FLOWER: showy clusters; white, cream, yellow, pink, purple; spotted or unspotted; 2.5-4â&#x20AC;?

dia., saucer-shaped, 5 petals (actually sepals), somewhat nodding BLOOM TIME: BLOOM LENGTH: LIGHT: SOIL: MOISTURE: PROPAGATION: USES: MAINTENANCE: PROBLEMS: COMMENTS: Varieties early Spring; late March through May 8-10 weeks part to full shade; performs better if given some sun rich, moist, well-drained; highly adaptable, tolerates a variety of conditions; amend soil with composted leaves medium; drought tolerant once established division in fall, heavy fibrous roots need careful handling; self sows in right location Habit woodland or shade garden, groundcover, border, naturalized area low; fertilize in early spring; only cut back any damaged foliage; to increase self sowing do not deadhead control slugs; occasional leaf spot and crown rot Native to Greece, Turkey, Caucasian Russia. Two main helleborus horticulture groups: caulescent (having above ground stems; more short lived, 3-4 years; not as easily propagated by division) and acaulescent (without visible ground stems).

Extracts from hellebores have been used in homeopathy and traditional medicines in several countries; as an herb for weight loss in Russian. Most Lenten hellebores in gardens are now considered to be H. x hybridus. All plant parts are poisonous.

Close-up Aquilegia x hybrida HYBRID COLUMBINE FAMILY: CULTIVARS: HEIGHT: WIDTH/SPACING: HABIT: ZONE: LONGEVITY: RANUNCULACEAE Biedermeier, Dragon Fly, McKana Hybrids, Music, Nora Barlow, Spring Magic, Songbird 2-3 feet 12-18 inches upright, bushy 3-9, heat 9-3 can die off after a few years if self-sowing is discouraged FOLIAGE: blue-green, triturnate, deep sinuses; turns maroon in fall FLOWER: showy, multi-colored, 5 spurred petals sitting above 5 petal-like sepals; nodding blooms; wide color range BLOOM TIME: BLOOM LENGTH: LIGHT: SOIL: MOISTURE: PROPAGATION: USES: MAINTENANCE: PROBLEMS: COMMENTS: Characteristics overview May-June 4-6 weeks Partial Shade average to sandy; well-drained medium to light watering; drought tolerant once established (thick tap root) seed, self-sows; plants flower in their second year from seed; division in late summer wildflower garden,

 woodland edge, shade garden, cottage garden, naturalizing; attrancts hummingbirds deadhead for neatness Flower varieties powdery mildew, aphids, leaf miner Aquilegia, Latin, aquila, eagle (shape of the flower petals are said to resemble an eagle’s claw); Columbine, Latin, columba, dove or pigeon.

Edible flowers; consumed in moderation by Native Americans as a condiment with other fresh greens; very sweet flavor. Plant’s seeds and roots are highly poisonous containing cardigenic toxins.

Botanical drawing; double blossom style 2 Brunnera macrophylla SIBERIAN BUGLOSS, FALSE FORGET-ME-NOT FAMILY: CULTIVARS: HEIGHT: WIDTH/SPACING: HABIT: ZONE: BORAGINACEAE Jack Frost, Dawson’s White, Hadspen Cream, Variegata 12-18 inches 12-18 inches mounding groundcover 3-8 LONGEVITY: slowly spreads by both creeping rhizomes and self-seeding to form thick groundcover FOLIAGE: simple, alternate, strongly cordate, 3-5” wide, dark green, rough texture with prickly pubescense; leaves are small when plant is in bloom, then expand in size FLOWER: BLOOM TIME: BLOOM LENGTH: LIGHT: SOIL: MOISTURE: small, light bright blue; 5 petals; branched raceme; resembles forget-me-not but has taller looser sprays of flowers; will ‘blow’ if Spring is too warm Mid-Late Spring, April-June 3-4 weeks Part Shade - Shade prefers organically rich, well-drained medium, moist; intolerant of dry soils PROPAG

ATION: seed, divide in fall, root cuttings in summer; fast growing USES: groundcover, shade border, open woods, naturalizes MAINTENANCE: Habit low, deadhead for neatness; old foliage should be cut back in the spring as old foliage will help protect the plant during the winter months PROBLEMS: NOT drought tolerant, plants can go dormant in persistent drought.

No serious pest or disease problems. Occasional slugs and snail damage. Leaves of variegated cultivars are more prone to sunburn and wind burn.

Question: Which large-flowered plant is named after Paeon/Paean, Greek god of medicine and healing?
Answer: Peony