settlehydro.org.uk River Ribble (The following information is taken from Wikipedia) The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire Three Peaks. It is the only river rising in Yorkshire which flows westward. It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km). Its main tributaries are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank. Above Hellifield the valley of the river is known as Ribblesdale. The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia.

At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire, though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire. The river is connected to both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Lancaster Canal (via the Ribble Link). The river downstream of Preston was actively dredged when Preston was an active port; this is no longer done and silt from the river is now spreading more widely over the (sand) beaches around Fairhaven and St. Annes. Its 10 mile wide estuary forms part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife. An average of 340,000 water birds over-winter in the estuary making it the most important wetland site in Britain. The Ribble is also a key breeding ground for the endangered Atlantic salmon. Giggleswick photos on Flickr | Flickr 3 Giggleswick Scar is a long series of steep limestone cliffs that coincide with the line of the South Craven Fault.

It runs in a south-east to north-westerly direction, roughly parallel with the B6480 road between Giggleswick village and Buck Haw Brow, in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. On the opposite (east) side of the Scar lies the deep valley of the River Ribble. The limestone that is such a prominent feature of the Scar was laid down some 350 million years ago during the Carboniferous era, when the whole of this area lay submerged beneath a shallow tropical sea. It formed when shell debris and chemical precipitates that had accumulated upon the sea floor were compressed to high pressure. Those bands of limestone would now lay submerged under younger rocks had it not been for the activity of the South Craven Fault. The fault, which is essentially a giant fracture in the earth’s crust, became active approximately 300 million years ago when the area was still underwater. The picture I have uploaded here was taken looking south-eastwards along the length of the Scar and the B6480 road at its base approximates to the line of the fault. Everything you can see to the right of the fault slipped down along the line of the fracture, while everything to the left was forced upwards to form the cliffs.

Buried deep beneath the level ground to the right of the fault is the same limestone that once lay level with the cliffs of the Scar. Apparently, the fault is still active and significant earth tremors were felt as recently as 1947 in the nearby town of Settle, which can be seen towards the foot of the Scar in the picture. Giggleswick Scar is famous for its many archaeological caves and it does in fact have the highest proportion of them in the Yorkshire Dales. The limestone of the Scar is of a very high quality and the beds of rock are deep, resulting in stable faces for cave walls and roofs. Perhaps the caves most familiar with visitors to the Scar are those in the upper tier of the cliffs, including “Kinsey Cave”, “Spider Cave”, “Moth Cave”, “Wall Cave” and “Schoolboy Cave”. There are a number of caves lower down the cliffs (hidden amongst the trees in the picture) but they are more inaccessible and as a consequence less visited. “Kinsey Cave” has yielded the most valuable finds and is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

Partial excavations carried out between 1925 and 1932 by Jackson and Mattinson revealed not only Bronze Age and Roman remains but also stratified material from the Later Upper Palaeolithic period, including the complete skull of a brown bear from circa 12,000 B.C. The upper inset is a picture of “Wall Cave”, so called because it once had a stone wall across its entrance. The lower inset of the picture shows “The Schoolboys Tower”, a prominent stone cairn at the south-east end of Giggleswick Scar. Traditionally, each new boy of Giggleswick School has added a stone to this cairn, but I would guess that the cairn is extremely old, and possibly even that it dates back to prehistoric times. Situated only a few feet from the cairn is the imposing chasm of Giggleswick Quarry. The quarry was closed in 2009 and is now undergoing a process of restoration. Taken with an Olympus Pen EE half frame film camera and Agfa Vista 200 Film.

The station was opened with the line on 1 May 1876 and was originally named Settle New to distinguish it from the nearby station on a different route, which was renamed Settle Old at the same time. Settle New was renamed Settle on 1 July 1879, by which time Settle Old had become Giggleswick. It is staffed on a part-time basis. There is a range of facilities available (including waiting room, toilets and a souvenir shop) in the main buildings on the southbound platform. The station buildings are in the 'Derby Gothic Style'. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Ribble e River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in northern England. The river's drainage basin also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan. Geography The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks. It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km).

The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank. The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia.[1] At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire,[2] though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire.[3][4][5] The river is connected to both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Lancaster Canal (via the Ribble Link). The river downstream of Preston was actively dredged when Preston was an active port; this is no longer done and silt from the river is now spreading more widely over the (sand) beaches around Fairhaven and St. Annes. Its estuary forms part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife.

The Normal Tidal Limit (NTL) of the river is at Fishwick Bottoms, between Preston and Walton-le-Dale. Public works The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign, a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration. Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals. The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign. Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama,[6] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury. Ptolemy's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble.

Public works The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign, a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration. Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals. The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign. Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama,[6] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury. Ptolemy's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Ribble e River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in northern England. The river's drainage basin also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan.

Geography The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks. It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km). The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank. The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course.

The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia.[1] At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire,[2] though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire.[3][4][5] The river is connected to both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Lancaster Canal (via the Ribble Link). The river downstream of Preston was actively dredged when Preston was an active port; this is no longer done and silt from the river is now spreading more widely over the (sand) beaches around Fairhaven and St. Annes. Its estuary forms part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife. The Normal Tidal Limit (NTL) of the river is at Fishwick Bottoms, between Preston and Walton-le-Dale. Public works The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign, a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration.

Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals. The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign. Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama,[6] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury. Ptolemy's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble. Public works The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign, a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration. Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals.

The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign. Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama,[6] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury. Ptolemy's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble. Best Viewed Large ! Ingleborough throws out a ridge to the north-east which develops into a summit, Simon Fell, and another summit further down, Park Fell. An ill-defined ridge going south-east from the summit breaks into two large areas of limestone plateau at about 1,300 feet (400 m); both plateaux contain summits and these are the subsidiary summits of Norber and Moughton. On the slopes of the former are the famed Norber Boulders.

Continuing south-east the high land is broken by a divide which carries the minor road from Austwick to Helwith Bridge. On the other side of the divide rises the low summit of Smearsett Scar along with its subsidiaries, Pot Scar and Giggleswick Scar; from here the land falls away to the River Ribble at Settle. The Smearsett Scar region is not devoid of interesting features either; here can be found the Celtic Wall, the Ebbing and Flowing Well (which has now stopped ebbing and flowing) and a glacial hollow known as the Happy Valley. River Ribble : definition of River Ribble and synonyms of River Ribble (English) 9 External links Geography The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead , in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks . It flows through Settle , Clitheroe , Ribchester and Preston , before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport , a length of 75 miles (121 km).

The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank . The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia . [1] At the time of the Domesday Book , the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire , [2] though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire. [3] [4] [5] The river is connected to both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Lancaster Canal (via the Ribble Link ). The river downstream of Preston was actively dredged when Preston was an active port; this is no longer done and silt from the river is now spreading more widely over the (sand) beaches around Fairhaven and St. Annes . Its 10 mile wide estuary forms part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife.

An average of 340,000 water birds over-winter in the estuary making it the most important wetland site in Britain. The Ribble is also a key breeding ground for the endangered Atlantic salmon . [6] 1.25 million people live in the Ribble's catchment area. [6] The Normal Tidal Limit (NTL) of the river is at Fishwick Bottoms, between Preston and Walton-le-Dale , 11 miles from the sea. [6] Ribble campaigns The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign , a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration. Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals. The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign.

Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. People living near the Ribble Estuary have set up the 'Ribble Estuary Against Fracking' campaign to protest about plans to carry our Fracking for Shale gas in this environmentally important area. [7] History The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama , [8] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury . Ptolemy 's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble. The banks of the Ribble have been posited as a possible location for King Arthur 's tenth battle, on the banks of a river "Tribruit", as alluded to in his Historia Brittonum by Nennius . [9] Settlements ^ Malcor, L.A. (1999). Lucius Artorius Castus Retrieval Date: 26 January 2008. Bibliography Crosby, A. (1996). A History of Cheshire. (The Darwen County History Series.) Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-85033-932-4 .

Harris, B. E., and Thacker, A. T. (1987). The Victoria History of the County of Chester. (Volume 1: Physique, Prehistory, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Domesday). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-722761-9 . Hutton, R. (1991) The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles, Oxford : Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-17288-2 Morgan, P. (1978). Domesday Book Cheshire: Including Lancashire, Cumbria, and North Wales. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-85033-140-4 . Phillips A. D. M., and Phillips, C. B. (2002), A New Historical Atlas of Cheshire. Chester, UK: Cheshire County Council and Cheshire Community Council Publications Trust. ISBN 0-904532-46-1 . Greenhalgh, M (2009).

Ribble: river and valley, a local and natural history. Lancaster, Carnegie Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85936-135-1 . Further reading D. J. Assinder, S. M. Mudge, and G. S. Bourne (1997). "Radiological assessment of the Ribble estuary—I. Distribution of radionuclides in surface sediments". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.) 36 (1): 1–19. DOI : 10.1016/S0265-931X(96)00073-2 . S. M. Mudge, G. S. Bourne, and D. J. Assinder (1997). "Radiological assessment of the Ribble estuary—II. Beta and gamma dose rates and doses to critical groups". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.) 36 (1): 21–41.

DOI : 10.1016/S0265-931X(96)00074-4 . S. M. Mudge, D. J. Assinder, and G. S. Bourne (1997). "Radiological assessment of the Ribble estuary—III. Redistribution of radionuclides". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.) 36 (1): 43–67. DOI : 10.1016/S0265-931X(96)00075-6 . External links River Ribble - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki More info on River Ribble Wikis Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Not to be confused with the River Ribble in Holmfirth , West Yorkshire.

River Ribble Confluence of Gayle Beck and Cam Beck, Selside Mouth Source elevation 246 m (807 ft) The River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire , in the North of England . The river's watershed also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan . Contents 8 External links Geography The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead , in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks . It flows through Settle , Clitheroe , Ribchester and Preston , before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport , a length of 75 miles (121 km). The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank . The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia .

[1] At the time of the Domesday Book , the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire , [2] though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire. [3] [4] [5] The river is connected to both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Lancaster Canal (via the Ribble Link ). The river downstream of Preston was actively dredged when Preston was an active port; this is no longer done and silt from the river is now spreading more widely over the (sand) beaches around Fairhaven and St. Annes . Its estuary forms part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife. The Normal Tidal Limit (NTL) of the river is at Fishwick Bottoms, between Preston and Walton-le-Dale . Public works The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign , a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration. Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals.

The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign. Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama , [6] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury . Ptolemy 's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble. History The banks of the Ribble have been posited as a possible location for King Arthur 's tenth battle, on the banks of a river "Tribruit", as alluded to in his Historia Brittonum by Nennius . [7] Settlements ^ Malcor, L.A. (1999). Lucius Artorius Castus Retrieval Date: January 26, 2008.

The RIver Ribble bursts its banks in the 1990s leading pleople to flee their homes and streets. Lorries had no choice but to drive through the accessing road. Bibliography Crosby, A. (1996). A History of Cheshire. (The Darwen County History Series.) Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0850339324. Harris, B. E., and Thacker, A. T. (1987). The Victoria History of the County of Chester. (Volume 1: Physique, Prehistory, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Domesday). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0197227619. Hutton, R. (1991) The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles, Oxford : Blackwell, ISBN 0631172882 Morgan, P. (1978). Domesday Book Cheshire: Including Lancashire, Cumbria, and North Wales. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore & Co. Ltd.

ISBN 0850331404. Phillips A. D. M., and Phillips, C. B. (2002), A New Historical Atlas of Cheshire. Chester, UK: Cheshire County Council and Cheshire Community Council Publications Trust. ISBN 0904532461. Greenhalgh, M (2009). Ribble: river and valley, a local and natural history. Lancaster, Carnegie Publishing. ISBN 9781859361351. External links Falling sands viaduct photos on Flickr | Flickr Deelerwoud, the south-eastern part (1230 hectares), which is in the possession of Natuurmonumenten is largely accessible to the public. The area is via a wildlife crossing over the (highway) A50 connected to the Veluwe National Park. Deelerwoud, het zuidoostelijk deel, dat in bezit is van de Vereniging Natuurmonumenten van 1230 hectare. Dit zuidoostelijke deel is grotendeels voor het publiek toegankelijk.

Het gebied wordt via een ecoduct over de A50 verbonden met het Nationaal Park Veluwezoom. Wildlife crossing Wildlife crossings are structures that allow animals to cross human-made barriers safely. Wildlife crossings may include: underpass tunnels, viaducts, and overpasses (mainly for large or herd-type animals); amphibian tunnels; fish ladders; tunnels and culverts (for small mammals such as otters, hedgehogs, and badgers); green roofs (for butterflies and birds). Wildlife crossings are a practice in habitat conservation, allowing connections or reconnections between habitats, combating habitat fragmentation. History and location The first wildlife crossings were constructed in France during the 1950s (Chilson 2003). European countries including the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, and France have been using various crossing structures to reduce the conflict between wildlife and roads for several decades and use a variety of overpasses and underpasses to protect and reestablish wildlife such as: amphibians, badgers, ungulates, invertebrates, and other small mammals (Bank et al. 2002).

The Humane Society of the United States reports that the more than 600 tunnels installed under major and minor roads in the Netherlands have helped to substantially increase population levels of the endangered European Badger. The longest "ecoduct" viaduct, near Crailo in the Netherlands, runs 800 m and spans a highway, railway and golf course. Wildlife crossings are becoming increasingly common in Canada and the United States. Recognizable wildlife crossings are found in Banff National Park in Alberta, where vegetated overpasses provide safe passage over the Trans-Canada Highway for bears, moose, deer, wolves, elk, and many other species (Clevenger 2007). The 24 wildlife crossings in Banff were constructed as part of a road improvement project in 1978 (Clevenger 2007). In the United States, thousands of wildlife crossings have been built in the past 30 years, including culverts, bridges, and overpasses.

These have been used to protect Mountain Goats in Montana, Spotted Salamanders in Massachusetts, Bighorn Sheep in Colorado, Desert Tortoises in California, and endangered Florida Panthers in Florida (Chilson 2003). Ecoducts, Netherlands The Netherlands contains an impressive display of over 600 wildlife crossings (including underpasses and ecoducts) that have been used to protect the endangered European badger, as well as populations of wild boar, red deer, and roe deer. As of 2012, the Veluwe, 1000 square kilometers of woods, heathland and drifting sands, the largest lowland nature area in North Western Europe, contains nine ecoducts, 50 meters wide on average, that are used to shuttle wildlife across highways that transect the Veluwe. The first two ecoducts on the Veluwe were built around 1985 across the A50 when the highway was constructed. Five of the other ecoducts on the Veluwe were built across existing highways, one was built across a two lane provincial road.

The two ecoducts across the A50 were used by nearly 5,000 deer and wild boar during a one year period (Bank et al. 2002). The Netherlands also boasts the world's longest ecoduct-wildlife overpass called the Natuurbrug Zanderij Crailoo (sand quarry nature bridge at Crailo) (Danby 2004). The massive structure, completed in 2006, is 50 m wide and over 800 m long and spans a railway line, business park, river, roadway, and sports complex (Danby 2004). Monitoring is currently underway to examine the effectiveness of this innovative project combining wildlife protection with urban development. This was taken as a competition entry for Prom Art in Grange-Over-Sands with the theme of "Prom Life" I didn't make the finalists so thought I would share it here instead.

I was heading to set up the camera and could head the last train of the night crossing the viaduct before the station so didn't have much time to compose my shot before the train arrived but I already knew what I wanted in my head given that I had been waiting weeks for appropriate weather/moon conditions to get this shot. The completed image is composed of 4 images all shot on location with nothing added or removed in processing other than layering them together. If you enjoy my work then please take the time to take a look at my Facebook page at and maybe give it a Like too while your there :) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales The Yorkshire Dales (also known simply as The Dales) is an upland area of Northern England dissected by numerous valleys. The area lies within the county boundaries of historic Yorkshire, though it spans the ceremonial counties of North Yorkshire and Cumbria.

Most of the area falls within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, created in 1954 and now one of the fifteen National parks of Britain, but the term also includes areas to the east of the National Park, notably Nidderdale.[1] The Dales is a collection of river valleys and the hills among them, rising from the Vale of York westwards to the hilltops of the main Pennine watershed. In some places the area extends westwards across the watershed, but most of the valleys drain eastwards to the Vale of York, into the Ouse and then the Humber. The word dale comes from the Nordic/Germanic word for valley (dal, tal), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England. but the name Yorkshire Dales is generally used to refer specifically to the dales west of the Vale of York and north of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. Geography Most of the dales in the Yorkshire Dales are named after their river or stream (e.g., Arkengarthdale, formed by Arkle Beck).

The best-known exception to this rule is Wensleydale, which is named after the small village and former market town of Wensley, rather than the River Ure, although an older name for the dale is Yoredale. In fact, valleys all over Yorkshire are called "(name of river)+dale"—but only the more northern Yorkshire valleys (and only the upper, rural, reaches) are included in the term "The Dales"[citation needed]. For example, the southern boundary area lies in Wharfedale and Airedale. The lower reaches of these valleys are not usually included in the area, and Calderdale, much further south, would not normally be referred to as part of "The Dales" even though it is a dale, is in Yorkshire, and the upper reaches are as scenic and rural as many valleys further north. Geographically, the classical Yorkshire Dales spread to the north from the market and spa towns of Settle, Skipton, Ilkley and Harrogate in North Yorkshire, with most of the larger southern dales (e.g. Ribblesdale, Malhamdale and Airedale, Wharfedale and Nidderdale) running roughly parallel from north to south.

The more northerly dales such as Wensleydale and Swaledale run generally from west to east. There are also many other smaller or lesser known dales such as Arkengarthdale, Bishopdale, Clapdale, Coverdale, Kingsdale, Littondale, Langstrothdale, Raydale, Waldendale and the Washburn Valley whose tributary streams and rivers feed into the larger valleys, and Barbondale, Dentdale, Deepdale and Garsdale which feed west to the River Lune. The characteristic scenery of the Dales is green upland pastures separated by dry-stone walls and grazed by sheep and cattle. The dales themselves are 'U' and 'V' shaped valleys, which were enlarged and shaped by glaciers, mainly in the most recent Devensian ice age. The underlying rock is principally Carboniferous Limestone (which results in a number of areas of limestone pavement) in places interspersed with shale and sandstone and topped with Millstone Grit. To the north and west of the Dent Fault, the hills are principally formed from older Silurian and Ordovician rocks, which make up the Howgill Fells.

Many of the upland areas consist of heather moorland, used for grouse shooting in the months following 12 August each year (the 'Glorious Twelfth'). Tourism The majority of visitors are sightseers, with 75% visiting to drive around and 65% walking around[citation needed]. This indicates that most are there to take in the beauty of the surroundings. 26% also partake in hiking nature trails and spotting wildlife. 45% visit an information centre and 35% visit a castle or other historic site. 94% of visitors travel in a private mode of transport, with 90% using a car. The remaining 6% travel using public transport. Cave systems Because of the limestone that runs throughout the Dales, there are extensive cave systems present across the area, making it one of the major areas for caving in the UK. Some of these are open to the public for cave tours.[2] White Scar Caves in Chapel-le-Dale near Ingleton,[3] Ingleborough Cave[4] in Clapdale near Clapham Stump Cross Caverns[5] near Pateley Bridge.

Goyden System near Pateley Bridge Yorkshire Dales National Park In 1954 an area of 1,770 square kilometres (680 sq mi) was designated the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Most of the National Park is in North Yorkshire, though part lies within Cumbria. The whole park lies within the historic boundaries of Yorkshire, divided between the North Riding and the West Riding. The park is 50 miles (80 km) north-east of Manchester; Leeds and Bradford lie to the south, while Kendal is to the west, Darlington to the north-east and Harrogate to the south-east.[6] A proposed westward extension of the park into Lancashire and Cumbria would encompass much of the area between the current park and the M6 motorway, coming close to the towns of Kirkby Lonsdale, Kirkby Stephen and Appleby-in-Westmorland.[7] This proposal to add 162 square miles to the park has now been agreed by all interested parties and merely awaits ministerial approval.

For the first time the Yorkshire Dales and Lake District national parks will be contiguous.[8] Over 20,000 residents live and work in the park, which attracts over eight million visitors every year.[9] The area has a large collection of activities for visitors. For example, many people come to the Dales for walking or exercise. The National Park is crossed by several long-distance routes including the Pennine Way, the Dales Way, the Coast to Coast Walk and the latest national trail — the Pennine Bridleway.[10] Cycling is also popular and there are several cycleways.[11] The Park has its own museum, the Dales Countryside Museum, housed in a conversion of the Hawes railway station in Wensleydale in the north of the area.[12] The park has five visitor centres located in major destinations in the park.[13] * This image was selected by Admin for the front page of Visionary Arts Gallery Elite for week beg 18 Dec 2009 (along with 3 others). If viewed large you will see two fishermen on the right. This was the first time they had fished here, and were hoping for plaice, dabs etc.

They said they liked to fish for sea trout (don't we all!!). For lunch they had eaten Fish and Chips at Arnside. The Great British Pastime!! (I think angling is the most popular sport in Britain). The estuary is tidal, and the tide comes in at a fair rate of knots. Alarms sound at Arnside when this happens. Also this estuary is noted for sinking sands (more like sinking mud) and I have witnessed a woman 'stuck' just beyond a Warning Sign. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Ribble e River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in northern England. The river's drainage basin also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan. Geography The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks. It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km).

The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank. The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia.[1] At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire,[2] though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire.[3][4][5] The river is connected to both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Lancaster Canal (via the Ribble Link). The river downstream of Preston was actively dredged when Preston was an active port; this is no longer done and silt from the river is now spreading more widely over the (sand) beaches around Fairhaven and St. Annes. Its estuary forms part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife.

The Normal Tidal Limit (NTL) of the river is at Fishwick Bottoms, between Preston and Walton-le-Dale. Public works The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign, a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration. Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals. The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign. Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama,[6] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury. Ptolemy's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble.

Public works The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign, a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration. Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals. The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign. Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama,[6] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury. Ptolemy's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble. Here you can see the shorelines of Bangui and Pagudpud of Ilocos Norte , Philippines . Claveria is actually part of Cagayan , Philippines .

Pagudpud is a coastal resort town on the northernmost tip of Luzon in the Philippines. According to the latest census, Pagudpud has a population of 20,385 people in 3,804 households. Its white-sand beaches and crystal-blue water makes Pagudpud a haven for tourists. Maira-Ira Point is also an emerging attraction with its secluded beach known as the Blue Lagoon. Access to this public beach is from a secondary concrete road on the north side of the Maharlika Highway just before approaching the Patapat Viaduct. On the way to the Blue Lagoon, a sea arch can be seen. Coconut trees line much of the town's coast. On a clear day, the Batanes Islands are visible from Patapat National Park. The Patapat Viaduct, elevated 31 meters over sea level, is 1.3 km concrete coastal bridge that connects the Maharlika Highway from Laoag, Ilocos Norte to the Cagayan Valley Region. It rises along the town's coastal mountains, which is the starting point of the Cordillera Mountain Range that snakes through Northern Luzon. It is the 4th longest bridge in the Philippines.

Located more than 16 kilometers from the town proper, it offers a scenic view of Pasaleng Bay- a view that leads towards wide and pristine beaches backed by mountains with breathtaking waterfalls Kabigan and Mabaga, along with the many cool, refreshing springs waiting to be discovered within. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Ribble e River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in northern England. The river's drainage basin also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan. Geography The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks. It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km). The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank. The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course.

The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia.[1] At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire,[2] though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire.[3][4][5] The river is connected to both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Lancaster Canal (via the Ribble Link). The river downstream of Preston was actively dredged when Preston was an active port; this is no longer done and silt from the river is now spreading more widely over the (sand) beaches around Fairhaven and St. Annes. Its estuary forms part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife. The Normal Tidal Limit (NTL) of the river is at Fishwick Bottoms, between Preston and Walton-le-Dale. Public works The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign, a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration.

Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals. The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign. Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama,[6] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury. Ptolemy's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble. Public works The River Ribble catchment is covered by the Mersey Basin Campaign, a partnership which was established in 1985 to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration. Preston City Council have published controversial plans to build a barrage across the River Ribble, in their 'Riverworks' proposals.

The aim of these proposals is to build a water sports park on a section of the Ribble, coupled with over 4000 units of high quality housing and businesses in the river's flood plain. Some local residents are opposing these plans, arguing that they endanger wildlife, increase flood risk to local housing and damage greenbelt areas. These residents have set up the 'Save The Ribble' campaign. Parts of the river are a County Biological Heritage Site. The Ribble would appear to have been known in Roman times as the Belisama,[6] possibly giving its name to Samlesbury. Ptolemy's "Belisama aest." seems to represent the estuary of the Ribble. Designed by Gustave Eiffel. The assembly of the supports began on 1st July 1887 and was completed 22 months later. All the elements were prepared in Eiffel’s factory located at Levallois-Perret on the outskirts of Paris. Each of the 18,000 pieces used to construct the Tower were specifically designed and calculated, traced out to an accuracy of a tenth of a millimetre and then put together forming new pieces around five metres each.

A team of constructors, who had worked on the great metal viaduct projects, were responsible for the 150 to 300 workers on site assembling this gigantic Meccano set. All the metal pieces of the tower are held together by rivets, a well-refined method of construction at the time the Tower was constructed. First the pieces were assembled in the factory using bolts, later to be replaced one by one with thermally assembled rivets, which contracted during cooling thus ensuring a very tight fit. A team of four men was needed for each rivet assembled: one to heat it up, another to hold it in place, a third to shape the head and a fourth to beat it with a sledgehammer. Only a third of the 2,500,000 rivets used in the construction of the Tower were inserted directly on site. The uprights rest on concrete foundations installed a few metres below ground-level on top of a layer of compacted gravel. Each corner edge rests on its own supporting block, applying to it a pressure of 3 to 4 kilograms per square centimetre, and each block is joined to the others by walls.

On the Seine side of the construction, the builders used watertight metal caissons and injected compressed air, so that they were able to work below the level of the water. The tower was assembled using wooden scaffolding and small steam cranes mounted onto the tower itself. The assembly of the first level was achieved by the use of 12 temporary wooden scaffolds, 30 metres high, and four larger scaffolds of 40 metres each. "Sand boxes" and hydraulic jacks - replaced after use by permanent wedges - allowed the metal girders to be positioned to an accuracy of one millimetre. On 7th December 1887, the joining of the major girders up to the first level was completed. The pieces were hauled up by steam cranes, which themselves climbed up the Tower as they went along using the runners to be used for the Tower's lifts. It only took 5 months to build the foundations and 21 to finish assembling the metal pieces of the Tower. Considering the rudimentary means available at that period, this could be considered record speed. The assembly of the Tower was a marvel of precision, as all chroniclers of the period agree.

The construction work began in January 1887 and was finished on 31st March 1889. On the narrow platform at the top, Eiffel received his decoration from the Legion of Honour. 29 The iconic Fairbourne to Barmouth Railway bridge crossing the Mawddach Estuary at Barmouth. The bridge is a single-track largely wooden railway viaduct (opended in 1867) that crosses the estuary of the Afon Mawddach river on the coast of Cardigan Bay between Morfa Mawddach and Barmouth in Gwynedd, Wales. Taken from the hillside of Dinas Olau (Fortress of Light), 870ft above Barmouth which was donated by Fanny Talbot, it was the very first piece of land owned by the National Trust! The mountains of Llyn Cwm Bychan is nestled in the distance which, contains a beautiful mountain-girt glacia lake nestling below Rhinog Fawr at 2362 ft. Barmouth rests just within the south west corner of Snowdonia National Park.

By: Jesse Roberts Originally named the Hangman Creek Bridge, this span was constructed in 1911. The creek below was known as Hangman Creek since 1854, when Colonel George Wright hanged a group of American Indians, who had entered his camp under a flag of truce, along the creek. In the 20th century the original native name for the creek, Latah Creek, was restored. The Sunset bridge served as the entrance to Spokane for years. The road coming down Sunset Hill to the west had various names and route numbers over the years, including the Glacier Highway, the Three Flags Highway, and today, State Route 2. The completion of Interstate 90 in the 1960s rerouted traffic away from this area, but the many hotels and old motor courts nearby testify to its long history. Construction on the Sunset Bridge began in 1911 and shared many features of the Monroe Street Bridge that had been finished earlier that year. Many people who were involved in the design and construction of the earlier bridge worked on the latter. Both of these bridges were early examples of long-span fixed-end arch bridges within the state.

There were a few key differences between the bridges mostly because of differences in locations. The Sunset Bridge had semi-circular arches, instead of the flattened central arch that the Monroe Street Bridge features. The support pillars of the Sunset Bridge are also larger than normal. This is because the foundation of the bridge is compact sand so the pillars had to have a wider base. Cite this Page: Jesse Roberts, “Sunset Bridge,” Spokane Historical, accessed January 15, 2014, http:/​/​spokanehistorical.​org/​items/​show/​271.​ If memory serves Latah is the english version. The natives called the creek something like Lahtoo (spelling) but the pronunciation is bout correct. It stands for the place where you catch little fish. I don't suppose they fished it much. LOL Preston according to the crowd Find hotels near Preston Preston The Preston is a city. Preston is a city and local government district in North West England. It is the administrative centre of Lancashire, and is on the River Ribble.

Preston was granted the status of a city in 2002,^ becoming England's 50th city in the 50th year of Queen Elizabeth's reign. Location is derived from the great work of WikiMapia More information on Wikipedia Carp Info - Fishing Club Details eMail: The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck & Cam Beck Nr the famous viaduct at Ribblehead in the shadow of the Yorkshire 3 peaks. It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester & Preston before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes & Southport a length of 75 miles 121km. The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder & Calder which join the river Nr Great Mitton the River Darwen which joins at Walton le Dale & the River Douglas which joins Nr Hesketh Bank. The Ribble Way is a long distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia.

At the time of the Domesday Book the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land known as Inter Ripam et Mersam that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire. The river is connected to both the Leeds d Liverpool Canal & the Lancaster Canal via the Ribble Link. The river downstream of Preston was actively dredged when Preston was an active port this is no longer done & silt from the river is now spreading more widely over the sand beaches around Fairhaven & St. Annes. Its estuary forms part of the Ribble & Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife. The Normal Tidal Limit NTL of the river is at Fishwick Bottoms between Preston & Walton le Dale. Double figure barbel & bream are caught here as are pike & carp over 20.lbs+. Quality chub & roach are also present. DONT FORGET TO LET THEM KNOW WHERE YOU FOUND THEM

Question: Which river, which flows into the Irish Sea between Lytham St Annes and Southport, marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia?
Answer: RIBBLE