PRISM nuclear reactor won’t solve UK’s plutonium problem « nuclear-news PAGES on NUCLEAR ISSUES PRISM nuclear reactor won’t solve UK’s plutonium problem Adrian Simper, the strategy director of the UK’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, warned last November in an internal memorandum that fast reactors were “not credible” as a solution to Britain’s plutonium problem because they had “still to be demonstrated commercially” and could not be deployed within 25 years. the plutonium metal, once prepared for the reactor, would be even more vulnerable to theft for making bombs than the powdered oxide. Are fast-breeder reactors the answer to our nuclear waste nightmare? The Guardian 30 July 12 The battle is intensifying on a decision over a major fast-breeder reactor to deal with the plutonium waste at Sellafield. Fred Pearce “…….Britain has a history of embarrassing failures with MOX, including the closure last year of a $2 billion blending plant that spent 10 years producing a scant amount of fuel. And critics say that, even if it works properly, MOX fuel is an expensive way of generating not much energy, while leaving most of the plutonium intact, albeit in a less dangerous form.

Only fast reactors can consume the plutonium. Many think that will ultimately be the UK choice. If so, the PRISM plant would take five years to license, five years to build, and could destroy probably the world’s most dangerous stockpile of plutonium by the end of the 2020s. GEH has not publicly put a cost on building the plant, but it says it will foot the bill, with the British government only paying by results, as the plutonium is destroyed. The idea of fast breeders as the ultimate goal of nuclear power engineering goes back to the 1950s, when experts predicted that fast-breeders would generate all Britain’s electricity by the 1970s. But the Clinton administration eventually shut down the U.S.’s research program in 1994. Britain followed soon after, shutting its Dounreay fast-breeder reactor on the north coast of Scotland in 1995. Other countries have continued with fast-breeder research programs, including France, China, Japan, India, South Korea, and Russia, which has been running a plant at Sverdlovsk for 32 years…..

Proponents of fast reactors see them as the nuclear application of one of the totems of environmentalism: recycling. But many technologists, and most environmentalists, are more skeptical. The skeptics include Adrian Simper, the strategy director of the UK’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, which will be among those organizations deciding whether to back the PRISM plan. Simper warned last November in an internal memorandum that fast reactors were “not credible” as a solution to Britain’s plutonium problem because they had “still to be demonstrated commercially” and could not be deployed within 25 years. The technical challenges include the fact that it would require converting the plutonium powder into a metal alloy, with uranium and zirconium. This would be a large-scale industrial activity on its own that would create “a likely large amount of plutonium-contaminated salt waste,” Simper said. Simper is also concerned that the plutonium metal, once prepared for the reactor, would be even more vulnerable to theft for making bombs than the powdered oxide. This view is shared by the Union of Concerned Scientists in the U.S., which argues that plutonium liberated from spent fuel in preparation for recycling “would be dangerously vulnerable to theft or misuse.”….

Another criticism is the more general one that the nuclear industry has a track record of delivering late and wildly over budget — and often not delivering at all. John Sauven, director of Greenpeace UK, and Paul Dorfman, British nuclear policy analyst at the University of Warwick, England, argued recently that this made all nuclear options a poor alternative to renewables in delivering low-carbon energy. “Even if these latest plans could be made to work, PRISM reactors do nothing to solve the main problems with nuclear: the industry’s repeated failure to build reactors on time and to budget,” they wrote in a letter to the Guardian newspaper. “We are being asked to wait while an industry that has a track record for very costly failures researches yet another much-hyped but still theoretical new technology.” Have a look…this report was done for Rokkasho: Energy Timeline - 50 Years of Highlands and Islands Enterprise Watch the video 1968 The Board, along with Ross and Cromarty County Council, commissions a study to explore the feasibility of reclaiming Nigg Bay , near the mouth of the Cromarty Firth, for industrial use.

This study, along with a supporting hydrographic survey, concludes that there is an opportunity to dredge the entrance channel to provide sufficient depth of water to allow oil tankers of up to 200,000 tonnes deadweight to pass into the firth under controlled conditions. 1968 Growth of the nuclear power industry is secured in the region, as construction begins of a Prototype Fast Reactor at Dounreay, the second and last to be built in the UK. Caithness is chosen over Pinfrith, Dorset as the location for this new generation of fast breeder reactor technology, which goes critical in 1974 and begins supplying National Grid power in January 1975. 1970 Striking oil in the Forties The Forties oil field is discovered by British Petroleum, now called BP, located 110 miles east of Aberdeen. The site is considered the largest oil field in the North Sea. The discovery triggers the birth of the wider offshore industry in the region, and attracts a stampede of future oil explorers from around the world. Forties was initially spread over 93km² and involved the installation of four fixed steel platforms.

It was brought into production in September 1975 and oil output peaked at 520,000 barrels per day in 1978, meeting 25% of the country's demand for oil at that time. 1971 supporting investment in oil The start of oil-related activity in the Highlands and Islands is a massive boost for the regional economy. The Board starts building a mutually beneficial relationship with all oil companies setting up exploration in the northern sector of the North Sea. Both large scale heavy engineering construction work and support services for offshore operations could create significant employment opportunities in the region. 1972 Discovery of large oil fields east of Shetland. In welcoming this, the Board seek to derive all possible benefit from the impact of North Sea oil. They also express concern about the risk of unbalanced development in the region, and greatly restrict the number of oil-related projects supported. 1972 Developing a major new industry for scotland Construction of facilities at Nigg and Ardersier for building production platforms to support oil sector.

The Nigg fabrication yard was established by Brown and Root (later becoming Kellogg, Brown and Root – KBR - trading as Wimpey Highland Fabricators Ltd) to build production platforms to support the oil sector. The site consists of approximately 70 hectares of land reclaimed from the eastern edge of Nigg Bay, while the front laydown area was owned by The Wakelyn Trust and was secured on a long term lease. The northern part of the site was then leased by KBR, and the Nigg Oil Terminal created to support the Beatrice oilfield development in the mid 1970s. HIDB identify Ardersier site as a potential fabrication site, which results in prominent American construction outfit, J Ray McDermott Inc., to set up the Ardersier rig construction yard just east of Inverness. The yard was one of seven similar facilities opened by various international consortia throughout Scotland around this time. 1972 Supported oil and gas supply chain activities include the opening of a concrete pipe coating plant at Invergordon by MK Shand.

1973 An embargo by OPEC against oil exports to the USA and the Netherlands results in petroleum supply shocks that raise the price of fuel, triggering the 1973 oil crisis. As a direct result, policy in the west is redirected towards increased exploration, alternative energy research, energy conservation and more restrictive monetary policy to better fight inflation. 1973 A platform for change There is national pressure to set up concrete platform construction enterprises in Loch Kishorn deep water area, extending the impact of oil and gas activity to areas with limited opportunities. 1973 Cromarty Firth Port Authority is created by Act of Parliament. 1974 A major offshore fabrication yard is established by Lewis Offshore Ltd (owned by Fred Olsen) at Arnish Point, near Stornoway. Although work fluctuates and the yard changes hands several times, it becomes a major employer in the area over the next 40 years. 1974 Ardyne Point to the southwest of Dunoon is used between 1974 and 1978 for the development of concrete gravity platforms for the North Sea oil industry. Three concrete platforms were built there before the yard was forced to close.

1974 A 3 day working week is enforced by the Government to regulate energy consumption and preserve fuel reserves in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis which has driven up the price of coal. This is further impacted by the Miner's strike. Despite this, the area sees population increase and unemployment fall. 1974 HIDB recognises the potential scale of development and employment at Sullom Voe and Flotta. 1975 The rate of planning applications for oil-related activity slows down, but new production facilities start operation at Loch Kishorn and Stornoway, while terminal construction nears completion at Flotta and begins at Sullom Voe. 1975 Work begins on the construction of Kishorn yard and dock for the production of oil platforms. The yard, owned by Howard Doris, is used to build the 600,000 tonne Ninian Central Platform, the heaviest movable object made by man. By 1997, around 3,000 people are employed at the yard. 1975 Portavadie, on the eastern shore of Loch Fyne, is one site chosen for the construction of concrete oil platforms.

The plan collapses and the site is abandoned. 1976 First North Sea oil to be landed in the HIDB area comes ashore at Flotta from the Piper Field. The Flotta Oil Terminal is officially opened by the Energy Minister early in 1977. 1976 shetland secures an oil fund A Shetland Oil Fund is set up as Sullom Voe Terminal begins operating, enabling the Oil Industry to compensate Shetlanders for the inconvenience of having the terminal based in Shetland. A Deed of Trust is granted by Shetland Islands Council (SIC), with themselves as sole trustee. 1976 Pioneering alternative energy The first wave device – Salters Ducks – is tested off Dores Beach, Loch Ness. It was originally devised in 1974 by Professor Stephen Salter from the University of Edinburgh, as a source of alternative energy and a response to the oil shortage of the early 1970s. As one of the earliest generator designs, it provides "some 20 kw of power". Following slight modification, Coventry University, which had helped with the design, went on to utilise a separate device called the Sea Clam.

1977 A working party on Moray Firth Development considers a possible gas gathering pipeline. 1978 Major job losses are felt, particularly in Skye, following the completion of the concrete platform for the Ninian field constructed by Howard Doris partnership at Loch Kishorn. However, a new contract to provide an additional two years employment is agreed the following year. 1978 Following contract completions, Lewis Offshore announce redundancies for most of their 300 strong workforce at their yard at Arnish Point. Negotiation of a contract to convert a drilling rig into an oil production platform secures employment for a sizeable proportion of the labour force. 1978 a vital pipeline for wick A pipe bundle fabrication yard opens at Wick - Kestrel Marine establish Subsea 7’s Pipeline Bundle Fabrication Site at Wester, near Wick in Caithness. The site runs 7.8km inland, covers a total area in excess of 300,000m² and has a sheltered bay in which to launch the Pipeline Bundles. The BBC's One Show filmed engineers moving a tow head from SubSea 7 through Wick.

Sullom Voe terminal construction workforce reaches 6,000. 1979 The Shetland Islands Council Charitable Trust (SICCT) is activated to receive and disburse the Shetland Oil Fund. 1980 HIDB hosts a major conference in Aviemore: Energy in the 90s, which promotes the Highlands and Islands as a “geographical test bed” for nuclear, wave and wind power, offshore oil and gas, hydropower, solar energy, peat and timber. 1981 Winds of change in Orkney Burgar Hill in Orkney is established as a test site for wind turbines. 1981 New infrastructure for the oil industry A new tanker terminal at Nigg is inaugurated to handle oil from the Beatrice Field. 1983 The Board commissions research work into renewable energy, notably wind turbines. 1983 Construction work concludes at Sullom Voe. 1983 The HIDB supports the installation of the world’s first sea-water heat pump at Iona Abbey.

1983 Rig Inspection, repair and maintenance in the Cromarty Firth Investment by the Board includes rig inspection, repair and maintenance (IRM) in the Cromarty Firth and the first Oil Rig is soon undergoing IRM at Invergordon. 1984 A loss of 4,000 jobs occurs at Nigg fabrication yard on completion of their latest contract. A surge in IRM work continues, aided by Scottish Development Agency funded reclamation scheme at Invergordon. 1985 Serimax, a global welding and fabrication solutions firm for offshore and onshore projects, open their pipe spool base at Evanton. 1987 a warmer shetland A community electricity scheme is constructed on the island of Foula, Shetland which is not connected to any mainland electricity grid system. It comprises a 3.3kV island grid linking diesel generators, a wind turbine and a hydroelectricity scheme to the island’s properties. Watch Video 1987 The Queen opens a new £3.5m wet dock facility at Invergordon that will boost the Cromarty Firth's oil industry potential. The Queen's Dock is an extension to the facilities for repair and maintenance of oil rigs.

1988 Oil-related employment in the Highlands and Islands continues to fall as fabrication yards at Ardersier, Arnish and Kishorn struggle, although rig inspection, maintenance and repair operations are strong, with a doubling of the number of rigs needing work. 1989 the final days of dounreay Staffing numbers are reduced from 1989 as the Government decides to wind down the Fast Breeder Reactor programme at Dounreay. A Caithness Project Team is set up to address the employment rundown. 1992 There are large scale redundancies from the McDermott oil fabrication yard at Ardersier amongst the wider downturn in oil-related fabrication. 1993 The MK Shand pipe coating plant at Saltburn, Invergordon closes. 1994 Dounreay's Fast Prototype Reactor closes, and the nuclear power plant enters a decommissioning phase. The staged closure of the nuclear plant requires specialist skills. 1997 Onshore wind as a form of renewable energy starts to move from prototype to commercial development with the Novar Wind Farm in Ross-shire being one of the first developed in Scotland.

1997 HIE supports the upgrading of the Nigg Dry dock which is used for two contracts (a jack-up production platform for the Elgin Field, and a concrete platform for the South Arne Field), before the yard went into care and maintenance basis in 2001. 1999 Arnish yard closes in Lewis and is taken over in 2002 by HIE, who invest heavily in its upgrading and refurbishment. 2002 jobs boost for renewable energy Vestas-Celtic Wind technology plant opens at Machrihanish near Campbeltown on the Kintyre peninsula. The new plant secures a £25m commitment from Powergen Renewables to buy 71 wind turbines, providing employment for around 300 employees. 2003 Following changes in the trust deeds and organisational renaming, the Shetland Charitable Trust (SCT) which manages the Shetland Oil Fund, becomes a completely separate body from Shetland Islands Council, employing its own staff.

2004 generating the world's first floating wave energy Opening of the £5m Phase One of the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney, a fully grid connected wave and tidal test centre developed by a HIE-led UK consortium. Its Billia Croo wave test site becomes the world’s first floating wave energy device to generate electricity to the national grid. 2006 developing deep water wind energy Nigg used as the logistics port for the development of the two turbine Beatrice offshore wind farm, the world’s first deepwater wind farm. 2008 a tidal energy first EMEC's tidal test site, Fall of Warness, off the island of Eday in Orkney, sees Open Hydro become the first tidal turbine to generate electricity to the grid in the UK. 2010 wave hello to a new energy revolution Pelamis Wave Power Ltd are named as the technology supplier for three major offshore wave energy projects in the world’s first marine energy seabed leasing off the north coast of Scotland. The projects include two offshore wave projects near the west coast of Orkney and a wave farm site off the north coast of Sutherland.

2010 Welcon Towers concludes lease agreements with HIE for an extension to their existing factory at Machrihanish, to facilitate the production of offshore turbine towers in addition to those already manufactured for the onshore market, potentially providing employment for around 300 staff by 2012. 2010 major investment in renewables Developed by HIE and SE in 2010, the National Renewable Infrastructure Plan aims to identify key strategic ports, harbours and fabrication facilities around Scotland, that could accommodate large scale inward investment for off-shore renewable manufacturing, and associated supply chain. Nigg, Ardersier, Machrihanish, Kishorn and Arnish are selected as having the potential for major manufacturing. 2010 EMEC, the world’s flagship test centre for full-scale wave and tidal energy machines, completes a £5m expansion, increasing its capacity by a third and enabling new prototype devices to go into the water. 2010 world class subsea facilities Stenman Engineering's Underwater Centre in Fort William embarks on a £5m improvement and expansion programme to cement its position as a world-leading subsea training facility.

HIE invests £1.5m in the project which will increase diver training capacity at the Centre and create 20 new jobs as well as safeguarding the 53 existing jobs. 2011 a modern energy park for the future The Nigg fabrication site on the Cromarty Firth is successfully purchased by Global Energy Group (GEG) in October 2011 with a £1.8m funding package from HIE to help transform the largely dormant site into a multi-use modern energy park, paving the way for ambitious plans to develop the 238 acre site servicing the energy industry, including oil and gas and renewables. 2011 Wind Towers (Scotland) takes over the Welcon towers factory at Machrihanish near Campbeltown, establishing itself as a specialist supplier of high quality wind turbine towers to markets across Europe. 2011 New £12m Scottish Government fund is established to support the deployment of wave and tidal energy devices – The Wave and Tidal Energy: Research, Development and Demonstration Support Fund – to be known as WATERS – will be administered by SE, in partnership with SG and HIE.

2012 the energy to learn Nigg Skills Academy, an industry-led energy skills academy, is established at Nigg Energy Park to deliver training for thousands of workers across key sectors including oil & gas and renewables. Watch a video of the opening 2012 A new oil and gas industry strategy for Scotland , targeting higher long-term recovery rates, greater exports and £30bn annual sales by 2020, is published by the First Minister. 2012 making waves internationally The Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Energy Park is established in the North of Scotland, confirming its place on the global marine energy map. The purpose of the Park, which incorporates the world-leading European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC), is to heighten the international profile of the region and its reputation as a world leader in marine energy. 2012 A multi-million pound renewable energy investment fund (REIF), geared to stimulating greater levels of private finance into innovative green power and renewable district heating projects in Scotland, is opened for business by First Minister Alex Salmond. 2012 A £10m fund to support innovation in the Oil and Gas sector is launched by Energy Minister Fergus Ewing.

Projects funded under the scheme will help ensure offshore assets can continue to run effectively and safely in the future, through inspection, change management, and analysis of their future integrity. 2013 harbouring plans for development Completion of the new Jubilee Quay at Scrabster Harbour, a £17.6m redevelopment project, helps to position the north of Scotland at the forefront of the renewables revolution. In 2008, Scrabster Harbour Trust set out an ambitious programme of port infrastructure development with a view to capitalising on the marine renewable activity in the Pentland Firth and oil and gas development West of Shetland. 2013 ABO Wind office opens in Inverness, with plans to bring forward an initial five wind farm projects in the Highlands over the next three years involving a total investment of £390m. 2013 The Scottish Government announces a new £15m fund to develop deep-water turbine foundations. The Scottish Innovation Foundation Technologies Fund will support the development of prototype foundations for offshore wind turbines sited in water depths greater than 30 metres.

2014 a decade of marine energy The renewable energy industry gathered last night (Wednesday 22 May) to celebrate the European Marine Energy Centre’s (EMEC) 10th anniversary at the annual All-Energy Exhibition and Conference in Aberdeen. Over 250 people attended a reception held on the HI-energy and Orkney pavilions at the show, which featured a wide range of Orkney produce. The celebrations were opened by the Chairman of Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE), Professor Lorne Crerar, who said: “EMEC has been the catalyst for Scotland’s role as global leader in marine energy renewables. The growth and success of EMEC has been a perfect example of Team Scotland at work, with strong leadership from HIE, the public sector, industry and academia. Together we have created the momentum which ensures that Orkney, the region and Scotland remains at the forefront of marine energy development and deployment.” EMEC remains the world’s first and only grid-connected, independently accredited test centre for wave and tidal energy devices.

The facility has grown from having nine test berths available, to now operating 14 berths, in addition to two scale test sites where smaller scale devices, or those at an earlier stage in their development, can gain real sea experience in less challenging conditions. - See more at: #sthash.NC4f6RbW.dpuf The renewable energy industry gathered last night (Wednesday 22 May) to celebrate the European Marine Energy Centre’s (EMEC) 10th anniversary at the annual All-Energy Exhibition and Conference in Aberdeen. Over 250 people attended a reception held on the HI-energy and Orkney pavilions at the show, which featured a wide range of Orkney produce. The celebrations were opened by the Chairman of Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE), Professor Lorne Crerar, who said: “EMEC has been the catalyst for Scotland’s role as global leader in marine energy renewables. The growth and success of EMEC has been a perfect example of Team Scotland at work, with strong leadership from HIE, the public sector, industry and academia.

Together we have created the momentum which ensures that Orkney, the region and Scotland remains at the forefront of marine energy development and deployment.” EMEC remains the world’s first and only grid-connected, independently accredited test centre for wave and tidal energy devices. The facility has grown from having nine test berths available, to now operating 14 berths, in addition to two scale test sites where smaller scale devices, or those at an earlier stage in their development, can gain real sea experience in less challenging conditions. - See more at: #sthash.NC4f6RbW.dpuf In its 10th year, EMEC remains the world’s first and only grid-connected, independently accredited test centre for wave and tidal energy devices. The facility has grown from having nine test berths available to now operating 14 berths, in addition to two scale test sites where smaller scale devices, or those at an earlier stage in their development, can gain real sea experience in less challenging conditions. 2014 hie embraces wave energy Wave Energy Scotland is set up as subsidiary of HIE in December 2014, to support and accelerate the development of wave energy technology and encourage investment in Scotland’s natural tidal resources.

The Scottish Government hope to attract private sector investment to produce tidal power on a commercially viable scale. 2015 tidal on a grand scale MeyGen, the world’s first and largest commercial scale tidal stream array, starts construction on the north coast of Caithness. MeyGen Limited intends to deploy up to 398MW of offshore tidal stream turbines to supply clean and renewable electricity to the UK National Grid by the early 2020s. 2015 After nearly five years of stability, the price of oil collapses. This is driven by a number of inter-related factors including low demand, increase in supply and change in OPEC policy priority. While lower fuel bills are good news for household budgets, this does present challenges for Scotland's oil and gas sector. 2015 celebrating 50 years of energy HIE, in partnership with Scottish Renewables, host a Marine Energy Conference focusing on 50 years of energy in the Highlands and Islands.

Energy At 2015 15,000 jobs In this sector, accounting for around 7% of the region’s total workforce, including around 8,000 people who are working offshore in oil and gas Industrial Industrial Advanced's Axis AX has been selected to protect Hydro-Québec’s new data center near Montréal. Industrial M Station Dubai, UAE M Station in Dubai is the United Arab Emirates’ largest power and desalination plant and plays a critical role in the infrastructure of the region. Built by DEWA (Dubai Electricity and Water Authority), at a cost of more than Dh10 billion it can produce over 2 mega watts of electricity and 140 million imperial gallons of desalinated water per day - around 20 per cent of Dubai’s current requirements. Landmark Diamond Light Source Oxfordshire, UK Diamond Light Source is the UK’s national synchrotron science facility, located at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire.

By accelerating electrons to near light-speed, Diamond generates brilliant beams of light from infrared to X-rays which are used for academic and industrial research and development across a range of scientific disciplines including structural biology, physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, earth and environmental sciences. Landmark Drax Power Station North Yorkshire, UK Situated in North Yorkshire, Drax Power Station has the highest generating capacity of any power station in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. The coal-fired station was commissioned and built in two stages, the first in 1974 and the second twelve years later in 1986. Thanks to millions invested in carbon reduction technology and biomass burning, Drax is one of the cleanest coal-burning power stations in the world. Transport GlaxoSmithKline UK Formed following the merger of Glaxo Wellcome plc and SmithKline Beecham plc in 2000, GlaxoSmithKline is a British multinational pharmaceutical, biologic, vaccine and consumer health company headquartered in Brentford, London. GSK portfolio of products ranges from medicines for major diseases such as cancer and mental health, to over-the-counter products that include Lucozade, Boost and Ribena.

Luxottica Group Milan, Italy An intelligent fire system from global leader Advanced is protecting the headquarters of Luxottica, the world’s market-leading designer, manufacturer and distributor of fashion, luxury, sports and performance eyewear. Commercial The Rio Tinto Smelter Plant Fort William, Scotland Advanced has supplied a range of intelligent solutions for an upgrade to the fire and safety systems at Rio Tinto Alcan’s Lochaber aluminium smelting plant in Fort William, Scotland. System integrator Argyll & Highland Fire Services designed and installed the upgrade using Advanced’s fire detection and emergency lighting control panels and LifeLine DDA-compliant alarm systems for the hearing impaired. Industrial Rolls Royce Sunderland, UK Rolls Royce is a UK-based global power systems manufacturing company that provides integrated solutions for customers in civil and defence aerospace, marine and energy markets. The company has customers from all over the world, including the Middle East and Asia. It is most famous for its aero engines, which have powered everything from the Spitfire to the Airbus A380 super jumbo.

Commercial Dounreay Power Station Caithness, Scotland Located on the North East Coast of Scotland and built on the site of a World War II airfield Dounreay was established in 1955 to pursue the UK Government policy of developing fast breeder reactor (FBR) technology. In 2005 the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority become owner of the site and decommissioning in planned for the site by 2036. Landmark ° Guide: Trantlebeg in United Kingdom (Scotland) | Tripmondo Day: 7°C (45 °F) Night: 7°C (45 °F) Light rain, moderate breeze, overcast clouds. Map of local sightseeing hints Distances are based on the centre of the city/town and sightseeing location. This list contains brief abstracts about monuments, holiday activities, national parcs, museums, organisations and more from the area as well as interesting facts about the region itself. Where available, you'll find the corresponding homepage. Otherwise the related wikipedia article. Reay Parish Church More reading: Wikipedia Article Reay Parish Church is a Church of Scotland parish church serving Reay, Caithness.

It is one of the most northerly communities on the Scottish mainland, located several miles to west of Thurso. The largest local employer is the Dounreay nuclear facility. Reay Parish Church Reay Parish Church is a Church of Scotland parish church serving Reay, Caithness. It is one of the most northerly communities on the Scottish mainland... Read details This attraction is classified as: Caithness More reading: Wikipedia Article The Sandside Chase (The Chase of Sandside, The Chase of Sansett; in Gaelic, Ruoig-Hansett, Ruaig Handside or Ruaig-Shansaid) was a Scottish clan battle which took place in 1437 in Caithness, about 6 miles west of Thurso. The Clan Mackay launched a raid from Strathnaver towards Thurso until they encountered resistance from the locals at Dounreay. The Mackays then pulled back to Sandside, where they were joined by reinforcements and slaughtered the defenders on the coast north of Reay.

Sandside Chase The Sandside Chase (The Chase of Sandside, The Chase of Sansett; in Gaelic, Ruoig-Hansett, Ruaig Handside or Ruaig-Shansaid) was a Scottish clan battl... Read details This attraction is classified as: 1437 in Scotland History of the Scottish Highlands A897 road More reading: Wikipedia Article The A897 single track road is entirely within the Highland council area of Scotland. It runs generally north from the A9 at Helmsdale to the A836 near Halladale Bridge, east of Melvich. The road passes through or near Kildonan, Kinbrace and Forsinard, and has a junction with the B871 at Kinbrace. It also passes through Achiemore. Helmsdale is on the east-facing North Sea coast of Britain. Melvich is about 40 miles (64 km) away, on the north-facing Atlantic coast. Apart from half a mile (1 km) or so within Helmsdale, the entire road is single track.

Between Helmsdale and Kinbrace the road is in Strath Ullie (known also as Strath of Kildonan). The River Ullie (known also as the River Helmsdale) reaches the sea at Helmsdale. Between Forsinard and Halladale Bridge the road is in Strath Halladale. The River Halladale reaches the sea near Melvich. A897 road The A897 single track road is entirely within the Highland council area of Scotland. It runs generally north from the A9 at Helmsdale to the A836 near... Read details This attraction is classified as: Roads in Scotland Transport in Highland (council area) Achreamie More reading: Wikipedia Article RAF Dounreay was built for RAF Coastal Command in 1944 but not used by them. Transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS Tern II but not commissioned and on care and maintenance until 1954. In 1955 the airfield was taken over by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) for developing a fast breeder reactor. One runway was kept operational until the 1990s for transport to/from the site.

RAF Dounreay RAF Dounreay was built for RAF Coastal Command in 1944 but not used by them. Transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS Tern II but not commissioned and on ... Read details This attraction is classified as: Caithness More reading: Wikipedia Article Millburn is an area in Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. Millburn Academy is situated in the area. The area is also known, as the name suggests, for the Mill Burn which runs through the area. Millburn Road which runs parallel to the school is one of the main access roads into the centre of Inverness from the A9. The area is also famous for Millburn Whisky which used to be distilled in the area. Part of the distillery still remains as a restaurant with a purpose built Premier Inn alongside There is a comprehensive school called Millburn Academy. Millburn, Inverness Millburn is an area in Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. Millburn Academy is situated in the area. The area is also known, as the name suggests, fo...

Read details This attraction is classified as: Areas of Inverness Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross (UK Parliament constituency) Located at 58.45, -3.88 (Lat. / Lng.), less than 13 mi away. More reading: Wikipedia Article Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election. Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross (UK Parliament constituency) Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parli... Read details This attraction is classified as: Highland constituencies, UK Parliament Highland constituencies, UK Parliament (historic) Parliamentary constituencies in Scotland (Westminster) United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1997 Eas Gluta Industrial Industrial Advanced's Axis AX has been selected to protect Hydro-Québec’s new data center near Montréal.

Industrial M Station Dubai, UAE M Station in Dubai is the United Arab Emirates’ largest power and desalination plant and plays a critical role in the infrastructure of the region. Built by DEWA (Dubai Electricity and Water Authority), at a cost of more than Dh10 billion it can produce over 2 mega watts of electricity and 140 million imperial gallons of desalinated water per day - around 20 per cent of Dubai’s current requirements. Landmark Diamond Light Source Oxfordshire, UK Diamond Light Source is the UK’s national synchrotron science facility, located at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire. By accelerating electrons to near light-speed, Diamond generates brilliant beams of light from infrared to X-rays which are used for academic and industrial research and development across a range of scientific disciplines including structural biology, physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, earth and environmental sciences. Landmark Drax Power Station North Yorkshire, UK Situated in North Yorkshire, Drax Power Station has the highest generating capacity of any power station in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. The coal-fired station was commissioned and built in two stages, the first in 1974 and the second twelve years later in 1986.

Thanks to millions invested in carbon reduction technology and biomass burning, Drax is one of the cleanest coal-burning power stations in the world. Transport GlaxoSmithKline UK Formed following the merger of Glaxo Wellcome plc and SmithKline Beecham plc in 2000, GlaxoSmithKline is a British multinational pharmaceutical, biologic, vaccine and consumer health company headquartered in Brentford, London. GSK portfolio of products ranges from medicines for major diseases such as cancer and mental health, to over-the-counter products that include Lucozade, Boost and Ribena. The Rio Tinto Smelter Plant Fort William, Scotland Advanced has supplied a range of intelligent solutions for an upgrade to the fire and safety systems at Rio Tinto Alcan’s Lochaber aluminium smelting plant in Fort William, Scotland. System integrator Argyll & Highland Fire Services designed and installed the upgrade using Advanced’s fire detection and emergency lighting control panels and LifeLine DDA-compliant alarm systems for the hearing impaired. Industrial Rolls Royce Sunderland, UK Rolls Royce is a UK-based global power systems manufacturing company that provides integrated solutions for customers in civil and defence aerospace, marine and energy markets.

The company has customers from all over the world, including the Middle East and Asia. It is most famous for its aero engines, which have powered everything from the Spitfire to the Airbus A380 super jumbo. Commercial Dounreay Power Station Caithness, Scotland Located on the North East Coast of Scotland and built on the site of a World War II airfield Dounreay was established in 1955 to pursue the UK Government policy of developing fast breeder reactor (FBR) technology. In 2005 the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority become owner of the site and decommissioning in planned for the site by 2036. Landmark

Question: Situated on the north coast of Scotland, the UK's first fast-breeder nuclear reactor is situated where?
Answer: Dounreay