Chemical Elements.com - Nickel (Ni) Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Nickel. < For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved. Nickel»the essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Cartoon by Nick D Kim ( [Science and Ink] , used by permission). Nickel: historical information Nickel was discovered by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt in 1751 at Sweden. Origin of name : from the German word "kupfernickel" meaning Devil's copper or St Nicholas's (OLd Nick's) copper. Minerals containing nickel were of value for colouring glass green. The mineral used for colouring glass was called kupfernickel (false copper). Nickel was discovered by Baron Axel Frederik Cronstedt in 1751 in a mineral called niccolite.

Apparently, he had expected to extract copper from this mineral but got none at all, obtaining instead a white metal that he called nickel after the mineral from which it was extracted. Nickel around us Read more » Nickel is an essential trace element for many species. Chicks and rats raised on nickel-deficient diets have liver problems. Enzymes known as hydrogenases in bacteria contain nickel. Nickel is also important in plant ureases. Iron meteorites, or siderites, may contain iron alloyed with from 5 to nearly 20% nickel. There is a large iron-nickel alloy deposit in Greenland. Nickel is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite from Canada. Abundances for nickel in a number of different environments. More abundance data » Location Second ionisation energy : 1753.0 kJ mol‑1 Isolation Isolation : it is not normally necessary to make nickel in the laboratory as it is available readily commercially. Small amounts of pure nickel can be islated in the laborotory through the purification of crude nickel with carbon monoxide. The intermediate in this process is the highly toxic nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)4.

The carbonyl decomposes on heating to about 250°C to form pure nickel powder. Ni + 4CO (50°C) → Ni(CO)4 (230°C) → Ni + 4CO The Ni(CO)4 is a volatile complex which is easily flushed from the reaction vessel as a gas leaving the impurities behind. Industrially, the Mond process uses the same chemistry. Nickel oxides are reacted with "water gas", a mixture of CO + H2). Reduction of the oxide with the hydrogen results in impure nickel. This reacts with the CO component of the water gas to make Ni(CO)4 as above. Thermal decomposition leaves pure nickel metal. Nickel isotopes Read more » Nickel isotopes are used for the production of several radioisotopes. Ni-64 is used for the production of Cu-64 which is used in radioimmunotherapy. Ni-61 can be used for the production of the PET radioisotope Cu-61.

Ni-62 is used for the production of the radioisotope Ni-63 which can be used as an XRF source, as an electron capture source in gas chromatographs and as a power source in microelectromechanical systems. Ni-58 can be used for the production of the radioisotope Co-58. Ni-60 is used for the production of Co-57 which is used in bone densitometry and as a gamma camera reference source. Ni-60 is also used as an alternative for the production of Cu-61, but the route via Ni-61 is more common. Finally, most stable Nickel isotopes have been used to study human absorption of Nickel. Nickel Facts - Uses, Properties, Element Ni, Coins, Jewelry, Kupfernickel, Alloys Nickel Facts Enjoy these amazing nickel facts. Nickel is a transition metal that can be alloyed with many other metals. It has had a number of different uses over the years including jewelry and coins. Find out more about nickel and its interesting properties by checking out our facts below. Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and an atomic number of 28.

In Germany during medieval times, a red mineral was found that looked like copper ore (rock). When miners couldn't extract any copper from it, they blamed a mischievous sprite of German mythology, Nickel. They decided to call this ore Kupfernickel, with the German word for copper being Kupfer. In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt discovered nickel while trying to extract copper from the ore kupfernickel. He named the white metal substance nickel after the spirit that had given its name to the ore. Unintentional use of nickel has taken place since ancient times around 3500BC. Based on writings the alloy cupronickel is believed to have been used by the Chinese from 1400BC and exported to Britain in the 17th century. Nickel is a transition metal that is hard and ductile. It is a silvery-white shiny metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel has a melting point of 2,651 °F (1,455 °C) and a boiling point of 5,275.4 °F (2,913 °C).

Along with iron , cobalt and gadolinium, nickel is one of just 4 elements that are magnetic at or near room temperature. Major nickel deposit sites have been found in the Sudbury region of Canada (possibly of meteoric origin), New Caledonia, Russia , South Africa , Philippines, Indonesia , and Australia . Most uses of nickel are as an alloy metal, namely in nickel steels, brasses, bronzes and nickel cast irons. The metal is often alloyed with copper, chromium, aluminium, lead , cobalt, silver , and gold . Nickel was commonly used in the making of coins, however, due to the metal being a skin allergen for some people, and the fact that today cheaper metals are available the element is no longer widely used in coinage. People can have allergic reactions to nickel through skin contact. Traditionally, nickel has been used to make jewelry such as earrings. Nickel allergies affecting pierced ears often result in itchy, red skin, therefore many earrings are now made nickel-free. Nickel is also used in many other products such as magnets, rechargeable batteries, electric guitar strings, microphone capsules, and as a green tint in glass. Nickel is quite rare in the Earth's crust.

It is 100 times more likely to be found in the Earth's core, where it is the second most abundant element behind iron. Nickel is one of the elements used to make stainless steel partly due to its corrosion resistant properties. In the U.S, a five cent coin is called a "nickel" despite being 75% copper and only 25% nickel. Nickel Nickel The element I chose was nickel. The reason I chose nickel was because I thought I knew enough about it, but boy was I wrong. Nickel is a very interesting element. It is a white metallic chemical element that is not only worth five cents, but is used in alloys. Metallic means that it is very shiny. Nickel has an atomic number of 28. This means it has 28 protons. The atomic weight of nickel is 58.69, and the chemical symbol is Ni. Nickel is magnetic and does not rust very easily. Nickel has many different uses. It was once used by the Chinese about 2,000 years ago. Why they used it, I couldn't tell you. Some uses for nickel was that it was hammered into sheets or made into a wire.

Did you know that one pound (or 0.4 kilograms) of just pure nickel could be made into a wire that stretched out about 80 miles (or 130 kilometers) long. Pure nickel was isolated by Axel Cronstedt, a Swedish scientist, in 1751. Here are some industrial uses for nickel. Nickel is used in many different places because of its ability to resist corrosion. It is used in structural work and in electroplating. Nickel peroxide is a nickel compound that forms the active material of the positive electrode in the Edison storage battery. It is also used in the nickel-cadmium storage battery. Nickel is used to help aid certain chemical reactions by catalysis. During chemical reactions, nickel does not change in any way therefore enabling you to use it over and over again. It is used as a catalyst in a process called hydrogenation. Hydrogenation can be used to make solid vegetable oils for cooking. During hydrogenation, the nickel can cause some of the organic compounds to combine with hydrogen to form new compounds. I believe that largest use for nickel is as an additive to cast iron and steel. These are two very sturdy and hard materials.

Nickel can make iron a lot easier to form objects with, and once again can help prevent rusting or corrosion. A lot of manufacturers use nickel combined with steel alloy to make parts for machines. Invar is an alloy of nickel, iron , and other metals. It is used to make meter scales and pendulum rods. It does not expand or contract a lot even if it is very hot or very cold. Another alloy of nickel is monel metal. It is used to make sheet metal. It has a very high resistance to corrosion. The last alloy of nickel is nickel silver. It is used in tableware. I like nickel a lot because of its shine. Not to mention the fact that a nickel is worth five cents. Now, a mole is a furry little animal that... wait, that is not the right kind of mole. The kind of mole we are talking about is a unit we use in chemistry. It measures the amounts of chemicals that take part in a chemical reaction. One mole contains 602,257,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms, molecules, or ions.

In our class, we just say 6.02x10^23. It is a lot easier that way. In honor of the Italian physicist Amedeo Avogadro, they called that number, Avagadro's number. The mole is one of the base units in the metric system of measurement. The metric symbol for a mole is mol. The formula weight of a substance is the same as the weight, in grams, of one mole of any substance. This concludes my report on the element nickel and a mole. Chemistry for Kids: Elements - Nickel Nickel 8.9 grams per cm cubed Melting Point: Discovered by: Axel Cronstedt in 1751 Nickel is the first element in the tenth column of the periodic table. It is classified as a transition metal. Nickel atoms have 28 electrons and 28 protons with 30 neutrons in the most abundant isotope. Characteristics and Properties Under standard conditions nickel is a silvery-white metal that is fairly hard, but malleable. Nickel is one of the few elements that is magnetic at room temperature. Nickel can be polished to a shine and resists corrosion.

It is also a decent conductor of electricity and heat. Where is nickel found on Earth? Nickel is one of the primary elements of the Earth's core which is thought to be made mostly of nickel and iron. It is also found in the Earth's crust where it is about the twenty-second most abundant element. Most nickel that is mined for industrial use is found in ores such as pentlandite, garnierite, and limonite. The largest producers of nickel are Russia, Canada, and Australia. Nickel is also found in meteorites where it is often found in conjunction with iron. A large nickel deposit in Canada is thought be from a giant meteorite that crashed to earth thousands of years ago. How is nickel used today? The majority of nickel that is mined today is used to make nickel steels and alloys. Nickel steels, such as stainless steel, are strong and corrosion resistant. Nickel is often combined with iron and other metals to make strong magnets. Other applications for nickel include batteries, coins, guitar strings, and armor plate. Many nickel based batteries are rechargeable like the NiCad (nickel cadmium) battery and the NiMH (nickel-metal hydride) battery. How was it discovered?

Nickel was first isolated and discovered by Swedish chemist Axel Cronstedt in 1751. Where did nickel get its name? Nickel gets its name from the German word "kupfernickel" which means "devil's copper." German miners named ore containing nickel "kupfernickel" because, although they thought the ore contained copper, they were unable to extract any copper from it. They blamed their troubles with this ore on the devil. Isotopes Nickel has five stable isotopes that occur naturally including nickel-58, 60, 61, 62, and 64. The most abundant isotope is nickel-58. Oxidation States Nickel exists in oxidation states of -1 to +4. The most common is +2. Interesting Facts about Nickel The U.S. five cent coin, the "nickel", is composed of 75% copper and 25% nickel. It is the second most abundant element in the Earth's core after iron. Nickel plays a role in the cells of plants and some microorganisms. It is sometimes added to glass to give it a green color.

The nickel-titanium alloy nitinol has the ability to remember its shape. After changing its shape (bending it), it will return to its original shape when heated. About 39% of the nickel used each year comes from recycling . Other elements that are ferromagnetic like nickel are iron and cobalt which are both close to nickel on the periodic table. More on the Elements and the Periodic Table Nickel Mineral Data 01.01.11.01 Kamacite ?

alpha-(Fe,Ni) F m3m 4/m 3 2/m 01.01.11.02 Taenite gamma-(Fe,Ni) F m3m 4/m 3 2/m 01.01.11.03 Tetrataenite FeNi P 4/mmm 4/m 2/m 2/m 01.01.11.04 Awaruite Ni2FetoNi3Fe P m3m 4/m 3 2/m 01.01.11.05 Nickel Ni F m3m 4/m 3 2/m 01.01.11.06 Wairauite CoFe P m3m 4/m 3 2/m Strunz Class: 01.AA.05 01 - ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides) 01.A - Metals and Intermetallic Alloys 01.AA -Copper-cupalite family 01.AA.05 Aluminum Al

 F m3m,P m3m 4/m 3 2/m 01.AA.05 Copper Cu F m3m 4/m 3 2/m 01.AA.05 Lead Pb F m3m 4/m 3 2/m 01.AA.05 Gold Au F m3m 4/m 3 2/m 01.AA.05 Nickel Ni F m3m 4/m 3 2/m 01.AA.05 Silver Ag F m3m 4/m 3 2/m References: NAME( AntBidBlaNic1) PHYS.

PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(AntBidBlaNic1) See Also: Links to other databases for Nickel : Nickel | Minerals Education Coalition Necessary for all life. Description Named after a German word meaning “Devil’s copper”, nickel is a shiny, malleable, silvery-white metal. It is a stable metal, unaffected by air and water but it dissolves in acids. Nickel is one of the three ferro-magnetic metals, but is weakest of the three. Nickel is very common in meteorites, and its presence often determines if a stone is a meteorite or not. Most nickel is used in alloys with steel, especially stainless steel. It is also used in catalysts, and as a plating to protect other, more reactive metals. It is used extensively in coins. The U.S. 5 cent piece is known as a nickel, due to its one-time 75 % nickel content. That content has dropped to about 25 % today. Nickel added to glass imparts a green color. Nickel is an important component of “ni-cad” batteries. Biological Benefits Nickel is an necessary trace element to many species.

It interacts with iron in oxygen transport. It also stimulates the metabolism, as well as being a key metal in several plant and animal enzymes. Rats raised on a nickel-poor diet tend to develop liver damage. Role in Life Processes Necessary for full health of plants and animals. Percentage Amount in the Human Body: 0.00002% Sources Nickel is obtained from two main types of deposits from the mineral garnierite (Ni-silicate) in nickel-rich laterite formed by weathering of ultramafic rocks in tropical climates. It also is mined from Ni-sulfide concentrations, mainly from pentlandite in igneous mafic rocks. Garnierite is mined in Australia, New Caledonia, Russia, Indonesia, Cuba and Dominican Republic. Pentlandite is mined in Canada, Russia, Australia and South Africa. Canada alone produces about 30 % of the world’s sulfide nickel. Nickel is a common component of metal rich asteroids and meteoroids. Nickel, along with iron, is thought to make up the majority of the Earth’s and other rocky planet’s cores.

Nickel - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table Chemistry in its element: nickel (Promo) You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by Chemistry World, the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry. (End promo) This week even art galleries can spark chemical, or elemental, discussions. Andrea Sella. Andrea Sella Several years ago, I went with a friend to a small exhibition at London's National Gallery. It was a rare opportunity to see the masterpieces from the Doria Pamphilii gallery in Rome. The centrepiece was the famous portrait of Pope Innocent X by Velazquez, a spectacular snapshot of one of the most powerful men of his day, a tough-looking character in a gilded throne, sporting a neat goatee and a fierce and uncompromising glint in his eye. Across from it were hung Francis Bacon's disturbing Three Screaming Popes, nightmarish variants on Velazquez' theme. The pictures were so ugly and brutal that I instinctively blinked and looked away, upwards. Unexpectedly, my eyes fell on a set of golden letters across the top of the doorway. I giggled and my friend said to me, 'what's so funny?

These pictures are just awful.' 'Mond', I replied, 'fancy finding him here.' 'Who?' she asked, looking puzzled. 'Mond,' I replied. 'This gallery was endowed by Ludwig Mond, the chemist who made nickel available to the world.' I fully expected her to roll her eyes and give me that pitying look that women reserve for the moment when the real nerd in a man is finally revealed. But there was none of that. 'I've never heard of him,' she said. 'Did he discover it?' 'No. He didn't. Nickel had been known for some time before that - it had been used in China and Peru to make a kind of steel. But it wasn't until the 19th century that two Swedish chemists, Cronstedt and Bergmann between them established that it was an element. It was named nickel after one of its ores, a reddish material that German miners called kupfernickel - St Nicholas's copper.' 'But isn't nickel rather nasty? Wasn't there some problem with nickel jewellery?' my friend asked. 'Yes.

Nickel has long been used in alloys and to plate other metals - the nickel provides a tough resistant and shiny coating that protects the object from corrosion.' 'Oh, you mean a bit like chrome plating '. 'Yes, a bit like chrome, but less vulgar - chromium gives a brilliant shine. Nickel is a bit more subdued.' 'You mean classy.' 'I guess so. But the problem is that in contact with the skin, as in jewellery, the tiny amounts of nickel that dissolves in the sweat of the wearer was enough to cause skin reactions in some people and the using nickel turned out not to be a great idea.' 'But what about Mond?' 'Oh yeah. Right.' I replied. 'Mond was a German chemist who moved to the UK. And he had a problem - he was passing carbon monoxide gas through nickel valves and these kept failing and leaking. What Mond and his assistant Langer discovered was something remarkable - that his valves were corroding because the metal reacted with carbon monoxide, to make a compound called nickel carbonyl.' 'So what?' 'Well nickel carbonyl turned out to be a very volatile colourless liquid, one that boils just below room temperature.' 'Hmmm.

Sounds a bit nasty,' she said doubtfully. 'Oh yes. Very. Because it's so volatile, you need to be really careful when you handle it since if you inhale it, it will decompose releasing poisonous carbon monoxide and dumping metallic nickel into your lungs. So it's very dangerous indeed. But in a way, that's the beauty of it: nickel carbonyl is incredibly fragile. If you heat it up it shakes itself to pieces, and you get both the nickel and the carbon monoxide back. So what Mond had was a deliciously simple way to separate and purify nickel from any other metal. And what is more, he could recycle the carbon monoxide.' 'Wow.' 'Mond wasn't just an observant chemist. He was also a pretty savvy business man. He patented his process and set up in business to sell the purest nickel at prices far lower than anyone else. He made an absolute fortune, and then steadily expanded into other areas of chemistry.

His firm would eventually form the core of Imperial Chemical Industries, ICI, the conglomerate set up to defend British interests against, ironically, the onslaught of the burgeoning German chemicals industry.' 'So what do people do with nickel today, if it's so nasty,' she asked. 'Well, it's not really that nasty, provided you're careful in what you use it for. In the 1960s another German chemist named Wilke developed nickel compounds as cheap and simple catalysts for the petrochemicals industry to clip together small carbon molecules. It's also used in all sorts of alloys. There's Invar which is a kind of metallic pyrex, that doesn't expand or contract when you change the temperature. There's Monel, a steel so corrosion resistant that it will withstand even fluorine, which eats its way through just about anything. And there's the really weird memory metal, an alloy that no matter how much you twist and bend it, remembers its original shape and returns to it.

And then there's superalloys made of nickel and aluminium with a dab of boron that are extremely light and actually get tougher as you heat them - so they're used in aircraft and rocket turbines.' I could see I was going a bit too far. We turned back to the Pope. 'He must have been a bruiser,' I said. 'You know what I like about you?' my friend asked giving my arm a squeeze. 'It's that we go to see paintings and I end up hearing about weird stuff.' 'And you know what I like about you,' I replied. 'It's that you humour me when I go off on one.' No doubt you're expecting me to say that it all ended happily. It didn't, and I haven't seen her in years. But weirdly enough, every time I think of nickel, I think of her. And the filthy look the Pope gave me. Meera Senthilingam So superalloys, relationships and the pope, what diverse chemical thoughts and stories nickel provokes. That was UCL's Andrea Sella with a contemporary story to nickel. Now next week the discovery of xenon.

Peter Wothers The story of xenon begins in 1894 when Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay were investigating why nitrogen extracted from chemical compounds is about one-half per cent lighter than nitrogen extracted from the air - an observation first made by Henry Cavendish 100 years earlier. Ramsay found that after atmospheric nitrogen has reacted with hot magnesium metal, a tiny proportion of a heavier and even less reactive gas is left over. They named this gas argon from the Greek for lazy or inactive to reflect its extreme inertness. The problem was, where did this new element fit into Mendeleev's periodic table of the elements? There were no other known elements that it resembled which led them to suspect that there was a whole family of elements yet to be discovered. Remarkably, this turned out to be the case. Meera Senthilingam And to hear how this story paned out, leading to the discovery of a new family of elements as well as xenon that would go on to light our roads and propel spaceships join Cambridge University's Peter Wothers in next week's Chemistry in its element.

Until then thank you for listening, I'm Meera Senthilingam (Promo) Chemistry in its element is brought to you by the Royal Society of Chemistry and produced by thenakedscientists.com . There's more information and other episodes of Chemistry in its element on our website at chemistryworld.org/elements . (End promo) Naming Chemical Compounds & Writing Chemical Formulas Binary Compounds All true binary compounds contain only two elements. The name of every binary compound ends with ï¿½ide.ï¿½ Binary compounds come in three types. They are: Type I............. the metal forms only one type of cation Type II............ the metal forms two or more types of cations Type III.......... contains only nonmetals We will look at each type, one at a time. Type I Binary Compounds For Type I binary compounds the metal present can be found in either Group 1 or Group 2 on the periodic table. The naming system for this type of compound is quite simple and is found below. Rules for naming Type I binary compounds 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2.

A simple cation (obtained from a single atom) takes its name from the name of the element. 3. A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding the letters ï¿½IDE.ï¿½ 4. Write the name for the compound by combining the names of the ions. Name the compound RbI. ï¿½ Rb is the chemical symbol for rubidium. ï¿½ I is the chemical symbol for iodine, whose root is ï¿½iod.ï¿½ Add the ï¿½ideï¿½ ending to get iodide. ï¿½ Put the pieces together to get the name rubidium iodide. Name the compound CaO. ï¿½ Ca is the chemical symbol for calcium. ï¿½ O is the symbol for oxygen, whose root is ï¿½ox.ï¿½ Add the ï¿½ideï¿½ ending to get oxide. ï¿½ Put the pieces together to get the name calcium oxide. Name the compound Li3N. ï¿½ Li is the chemical symbol for lithium.

ï¿½ N is the chemical symbol for nitrogen, whose root is ï¿½nitr.ï¿½ Add the ï¿½ideï¿½ ending to get nitride. ï¿½ Put the pieces together to get the name lithium nitride. Write the formula for potassium sulfide. ï¿½ The chemical symbol of potassium is K. K is in the 1st column of the periodic table, therefore, its oxidation state is +1. ï¿½ Sulfide is derived from sulfur, whose symbol is S. Its oxidation state is -2. +1 -2 ï¿½ So far we haveï¿½ K S. ï¿½ The total positive charge must balance the total negative charge. Therefore, we need 2 K atoms to give a total positive charge of +2. This balances the -2 charge on the sulfur. ï¿½ Putting it all together we have K2S. Write the formula for magnesium chloride. ï¿½ The chemical symbol of magnesium is Mg. Mg is in the 2nd column of the periodic table, therefore, its oxidation state is +2. ï¿½ Chloride is derived from chlorine, whose symbol is Cl. Its oxidation state is -1.

+2 -1 ï¿½ So far we haveï¿½ Mg Cl ï¿½ The total positive charge must balance the total negative charge. Therefore, we need 2 chlorine atoms to give a total negative charge of -2. This balances the charge on the magnesium. ï¿½ Putting it all together we have MgCl2. NaCl ï¿½ sodium chloride KI ï¿½ potassium iodide RbBr ï¿½ rubidium bromide MgS ï¿½ magnesium sulfide Mg3N2 ï¿½ magnesium nitride Sodium fluoride ï¿½ NaF Strontium oxide ï¿½ SrO Beryllium chloride ï¿½ BeCl2 Cesium sulfide ï¿½ Ce2S Potassium phophide ï¿½ K3P Type II Binary Compounds For Type II binary compounds the metal present is NOT found in either Group 1 or Group 2 on the periodic table. The naming system for this type of compound is found below. Rules for naming Type II binary compounds 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2.

A simple cation (obtained from a single atom) takes its name from the name of the element. Include a Roman numeral to indicate the oxidation number (charge) on the metal cation. 3. A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding the letters ï¿½IDE.ï¿½ 4. Write the name for the compound by combining the names of the ions. Name the compound FeCl2. ï¿½ Fe is the chemical symbol for iron. o Fe is not in the 1st or 2nd column; therefore a Roman numeral is needed in the name. Weï¿½ll come back to that shortly. ï¿½ Cl is the chemical symbol for chlorine, whose root is ï¿½chlor.ï¿½ Add the ï¿½ideï¿½ ending to get chloride. ï¿½ At this point we have iron (??) chloride. ï¿½ To find the Roman numeralï¿½ o Find the charge of the anion. ï¿½ Cl has a -1 charge. o Multiply times the number of those atoms to get the total negative charge.

ï¿½ There are 2 Cl atoms. ï¿½ 2 times -1 = -2. <--- total negative charge. o Balance total negative charge with total positive charge. ï¿½ The total negative charge of -2 must be balanced with a total positive charge of +2. o Divide the total positive charge by the number of atoms to get Roman numeral. ï¿½ There is only 1 Fe ï¿½ +2 divided by 1 = +2. The Roman numeral is II. ï¿½ Put the pieces together to get the name iron (II) chloride. Name the compound PbS2. ï¿½ Pb is the chemical symbol for lead. o Pb is not in the 1st or 2nd column; therefore a Roman numeral is needed. ï¿½ S is sulfur, whose root is ï¿½sulf.ï¿½ Add the ï¿½ideï¿½ ending to get sulfide. ï¿½ At this point we have lead (??) sulfide. ï¿½ To find the Roman numeralï¿½ ï¿½ S has a charge of -2. ï¿½ There are 2 sulfur atoms soï¿½.

2 x -2 = -4. <---- total negative charge ï¿½ The total positive charge must be +4. ï¿½ There is 1 lead atom soï¿½ +4 ï¿½ 1 = +4. The Roman numeral is IV. ï¿½ Put the pieces together to get the name lead (IV) sulfide. Write the formula for nickel (III) oxide. ï¿½ The chemical symbol of nickel is Ni. The oxidation state is +3, as given by the Roman numeral. ï¿½ Oxide is derived from oxygen, whose symbol is O. Its oxidation state is -2. +3 -2 ï¿½ So far we have Ni O. ï¿½ In order to balance the charges we find the least common multiple (LCM) of 3 and 2. The LCM is 6. We need two Ni atoms (+6 ï¿½ +3 = 2) and three O atoms (-6 ï¿½ -2 = 3) to balance the charges. ï¿½ Putting it all together we have Ni2O3. Write the formula for lead (IV) nitride. ï¿½ The chemical symbol of lead is Pb.

The oxidation state is +4. ï¿½ Nitride is derived from nitrogen, whose symbol is N. Its oxidation state is -3. +4 -3 ï¿½ So far we have Pb N. ï¿½ The LCM of 4 and 3 is 12. We need three Pb atoms (+12 ï¿½ +4 = 3) and 4 N atoms (-12 ï¿½ -3 = 4) to balance the charges. ï¿½ Putting it all together we have Pb3N4. Write the name for iron (II) oxide. ï¿½ The chemical symbol of iron is Fe. The oxidation state is +2. ï¿½ Oxide is derived from oxygen, whose symbol is O. Its oxidation state is -2. +2 -2 ï¿½ So far we have Fe O ï¿½ Since the charges already balance there is no additional work to be done. ï¿½ Putting it all together we have FeO.

Fe2O3 ï¿½ Iron (III) oxide CuCl ï¿½ Copper (I) chloride CuCl2 ï¿½ Copper (II) chloride PbS ï¿½ lead (II) sulfide PbS2 ï¿½ lead (IV) sulfide Chromium (VI) oxide ï¿½ CrO3 Cobalt (III) sulfide ï¿½ Co2S3 Nickel (II) bromide ï¿½ NiBr2 Mercury (II) phosphide ï¿½ Hg3P2 Cadmium (II) iodide ï¿½ CdI2 Type III Binary Compounds Type III binary compounds contain no metal atoms. There are two different naming systems for Type III binary compounds: the ï¿½old systemï¿½ and the ï¿½new system.ï¿½ The old system uses prefixes to indicate the number of each atom present and the new system is identical to that used for naming Type II compounds. It is important to note that only one system can be used at a time. NEVER mix prefixes and Roman numerals. Rules for naming Type III binary compounds: the OLD SYSTEM 1.

The first element in the formula is named first, and the full element name is used. 2. The second element is named as though it were an anion: root + ide 3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present. (See table below) 4. The prefix mono- is never used for naming the first element. Name the compound NO2. ï¿½ N is the chemical symbol of nitrogen. Since there is only one nitrogen atom AND it is the first element the prefix mono is not used. ï¿½ O is the chemical symbol of oxygen, whose root is ox. Add the ide ending to get oxide. There are two oxygen atoms so we also add the prefix di to get dioxide. ï¿½ Put the pieces together to get the name nitrogen dioxide. Name the compound N2O. ï¿½ N is the chemical symbol of nitrogen. Since there are two nitrogen atoms we need to add the prefix di to get dinitrogen. ï¿½ O is the chemical symbol of oxygen, whose root is ox. Add the ide ending to get oxide. There is only one oxygen atom we add the prefix mono (mono IS used for the second element) to get monoxide.

ï¿½ Put the pieces together to get the name dinitrogen monoxide. Write the formula for carbon tetrachloride. ï¿½ The chemical symbol of carbon is C. There is no prefix before carbon in the chemical name, therefore, there is only 1 C atom in the chemical formula. ï¿½ Tetrachloride has the prefix tetra which means there are 4 atoms present. Chloride is derived from chlorine, whose symbol is Cl. Thus, there are 4 Cl atoms in the chemical formula. ï¿½ Putting it all together we have CCl4. Write the formula for dinotrogen pentaoxide. ï¿½ The prefix di means 2. Thus there are 2 N atoms in the chemical formula. ï¿½ The prefix penta means 5. Thus, there are 5 O atoms in the chemical formula. ï¿½ Putting it all together we have N2O5. Now let us apply the ï¿½new systemï¿½ to these same compounds. For Type III binary compounds the ï¿½new systemï¿½ is identical to that used to name Type II binary compounds.

The advantage to using the new system is that you have one less system to learn. Rules for naming Type III binary compounds: the NEW SYSTEM 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. A simple cation (obtained from a single atom) takes its name from the name of the element. Include a Roman numeral to indicate the oxidation number (charge) on the metal cation. 3. A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding the letters ï¿½IDE.ï¿½ 4. Write the name for the compound by combining the names of the ions. Name the compound NO2. ï¿½ N is the chemical symbol for nitrogen. o Nitrogen is not in the 1st or 2nd column; therefore a Roman numeral is needed in the name. ï¿½ O is the symbol for oxygen, whose root is ï¿½ox.ï¿½ Add the ï¿½ideï¿½ ending to get oxide. ï¿½ At this point we have nitrogen (??) oxide.

ï¿½ To find the Roman numeralï¿½ ï¿½ O has a charge of -2. ï¿½ 2 oxygen atoms times -2 = -4. <---- total negative charge. ï¿½ The total negative charge of -4 must be balanced with a total positive charge of +4. ï¿½ +4 divided by 1 (one N atom) = +4. The Roman numeral is IV. ï¿½ Put the pieces together to get the name nitrogen (IV) oxide. Name the compound N2O. ï¿½ N is the chemical symbol for nitrogen. o Nitrogen is not in the 1st or 2nd column; therefore a Roman numeral is needed in the name. ï¿½ O is the symbol for oxygen, whose root is ï¿½ox.ï¿½ Add the ï¿½ideï¿½ ending to get oxide. ï¿½ At this point we have nitrogen (??) oxide. ï¿½ To find the Roman numeralï¿½. ï¿½ O has a charge of -2. ï¿½ 2 oxygen atoms times -2 = -4. <---- total negative charge. ï¿½ The total positive charge must be +2.

ï¿½ +2 divided by 2 (2 N atoms) = +1. The Roman numeral is I. ï¿½ Put the pieces together to get the name nitrogen (I) oxide. Write the formula for carbon(IV) chloride. ï¿½ The symbol for carbon is C. The oxidation state is +4, as given by the Roman numeral. ï¿½ Chloride is derived from chlorine. The charge on chlorine is -1. +4 -1 ï¿½ So far we have C Cl ï¿½ The LCM of 4 and 1 is 4. We need 1 C atom (+4 ï¿½ +4 = 1) and 4 Cl atoms (-4 ï¿½ -1 = 4) to balance the charges. ï¿½ Putting it all together we have CCl4. Write the formula for nitrogen (V) oxide. ï¿½ The symbol for nitrogen is N. The Roman numeral indicates a charge of +5. ï¿½ Oxide is derived from oxygen. The charge on oxygen is -2.

+5 -2 ï¿½ So far we have N O ï¿½ The LCM of 5 and 2 is 10. Therefore, we need 2 N atoms and 5 O atoms to balance the charges. ï¿½ Putting it all together we have N2O5. (A.K.A. Compounds that contain polyatomic ions) An ion is an atom with an electric charge (positive or negative). A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms with an electric charge. (Even though it is a group of atoms it acts like it were a single atom.) The names of nearly all polyatomic ions end with the letters ï¿½ate or ï¿½ite. Beware three exceptions: cyanide, hydroxide, and peroxide. These ions end with ï¿½ideï¿½ which can trick into thinking you have a binary compound when you actually have a ternary compound. Follow the naming systems for Type I and Type II binary compounds butï¿½ DONï¿½T CHANGE THE NAME OF THE POLYATOMIC ION.

Na2SO4 ï¿½ sodium sulfate KH2PO4 ï¿½ potassium dihydrogen phosphate Fe(NO3)3 ï¿½ iron (III) nitrate Mn(OH)2 ï¿½ manganese (II) hydroxide Na2SO3 ï¿½ sodium sulfite Calcium hydroxide ï¿½ Ca(OH)2 Sodium phosphate ï¿½ Na3PO4 Ammonium dichromate ï¿½ (NH4)2Cr2O7 Cobalt (II) perchlorate ï¿½ Co(ClO4)2 Copper (II) nitrite ï¿½ Cu(NO2)2 Naming Polyatomic Ions that Contain Oxygen There are many atoms that form several different polyatomic ions with oxygen. The naming system for these ions is based on two things: the most common ion in each series and the number of oxygen atoms compared to the most common ion. The ones that concern us most are ions of phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine, and carbon. Memorize these ions!

SO22- = hyposulfite Note: Some of the ions do not exist in the real world, they are written here to show how to use the naming system. Naming Acids For this class, ALL acids begin with H (hydrogen). The names of ALL acids end with the word ï¿½acid.ï¿½ There are two types of acids: those that contain oxygen and those that do not. Naming acids that DO NOT contain oxygen 1. Take the name of the anion, add the prefix ï¿½hydroï¿½ and change the ending to ï¿½ic.ï¿½ 2. Add the word ï¿½acid.ï¿½ Name the compounds HF. ï¿½ We know this is an acid because the chemical formula starts with ï¿½H.ï¿½ ï¿½ Take the name of the anion (fluoride) add the prefix ï¿½hydroï¿½ and change the ending to ï¿½icï¿½: hydrofluoric ï¿½ Finally, add the word ï¿½acid.ï¿½ ï¿½ hydrofluoric acid Name the compound HCN.

ï¿½ We know this is an acid because the chemical formula starts with ï¿½H.ï¿½ ï¿½ There is no oxygen present so we start with the prefix ï¿½hydro.ï¿½ ï¿½ Next, take the name of the anion (cyanide) and change the ending to ï¿½icï¿½: hydrocyanic ï¿½ Finally, add the word ï¿½acid.ï¿½ ï¿½ hydrocyanic acid Write the formula for hydrobromic acid. ï¿½ We know the formula starts with ï¿½Hï¿½ because it is an acid. The charge on hydrogen is +1. ï¿½ We also know that the acid does not contain oxygen because of the ï¿½hydroï¿½ prefix. ï¿½ Removing the ï¿½hydroï¿½ and ï¿½icï¿½ leaves us with ï¿½bromï¿½, the root of bromine or Br. The charge on bromine is -1. +1 -1 ï¿½ So far we have H Br ï¿½ Balance the charges to get the formula HBr.

Write the formula for hydrosulfuric acid. ï¿½ We know the formula starts with ï¿½Hï¿½ because it is an acid. The charge on hydrogen is +1. ï¿½ We also know that the acid does not contain oxygen because of the ï¿½hydroï¿½ prefix. ï¿½ Removing the ï¿½hydroï¿½ and ï¿½icï¿½ leaves us with sulfur. The charge on sulfur is -2. +1 -2 ï¿½ So far we have H S ï¿½ Balance the charges to get the formula H2S. Naming Acids the DO contain oxygen 1. Find the name of the polyatomic ion. 2. Change ï¿½ateï¿½ to ï¿½icï¿½ or ï¿½iteï¿½ to ï¿½ous.ï¿½ 3. Add the word acid. ï¿½ You know itï¿½s an acid because it starts with H. ï¿½ ClO4- is the perchlorate ion.

ï¿½ Change the ï¿½ateï¿½ to ï¿½icï¿½ and get perchloric. ï¿½ Add the word acid and get perchloric acid. ï¿½ You know itï¿½s an acid because it starts with H. ï¿½ SO32- is the sulfite ion. ï¿½ Change the ï¿½iteï¿½ to ï¿½ousï¿½ and get sulfous. ï¿½ Add the word acid and get sulfous acid. o The name is actually sulfurous acid, but I will count sulfous acid correct because it follows the naming system. Write the formula for phosphorous acid. ï¿½ The word acid tells us the first element is H. The charge on H is +1. ï¿½ We also know it is a ternary acid because the prefix ï¿½hydroï¿½ (meaning binary acid) is missing. ï¿½ Change ï¿½ousï¿½ to ï¿½iteï¿½ to get phophite. The formula for phophite is PO3-3. ï¿½ Putting it together and balancing the charges we get H3PO3.

Write the formula for each of the following compounds. 51. tin (II) nitrate 76. calcium bicarbonate 52. zinc (II) phosphate 77. calcium hydroxide 53. hypophosphorous acid 78. zinc (II) bisulfate 54. iron (III) chloride 79. silver (I) oxide 55. lithium sulfide 80. chlorous acid 56. silver (I) oxalate 81. lead (IV) oxide 57. perchloric acid 82. calcium acetate 58. potassium permanganate 83. sodium phosphate 59. strontium hypochlorite 84. copper (I) oxide 60. copper (I) sulfite 85. phosphorous acid 61. carbon (IV) sulfide 86. hydroiodic acid 62. calcium oxide 87. sodium fluoride 63. barium carbonate 88. phosphorus (V) oxide 64.

antimony (III) dichromate 89. sulfur (II) bromide 65. silicon (IV) oxide 90. aluminum (III) sulfate 66. iron (II) carbonate 91. nitrogen (III) oxide 67. sodium cyanide 92. aluminum (III) iodide 68. carbon (IV) chloride 93. iron (III) phosphate 69. cesium fluoride 94. zinc (II) perchlorate 70. sodium chromate 95. sodium dihydrogen phosphate 71. hydrosulfuric acid 96. sulfurous acid 72. aluminum (III) oxide 97. strontium carbonate 73. ammonium phosphate 98. copper (II) hydroxide 74. boron (III) fluoride 99. iron (II) oxalate 75. radium sulfate 100.

phosphorous (V) sulfide #28 - Nickel - Ni Nickel 8.902 grams per cubic centimeter Normal Phase From the German word kupfernickel, meaning Devil's copper or false copper Date and Place of Discovery In 1751 in Sweden It is a very useful element, but it is highly toxic to humans. The first nickel coin of the pure metal was made in 1881. Common Uses Coinage in the United States and Canada Stainless steel

Question: What is the chemical symbol for Nickel?
Answer: Ni