Australian Cities, States and Territories - Tourism Australia Add Share Mainland Australia is the world’s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories. What are Australia's cities, states and territories? Mainland Australia is the world’s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories. Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) bounds the national capital of Canberra and is the centre of government. The Australian Capital Territory is located approximately 290 kilometres (180 miles) south of Sydney, and is home to a number of important national institutions, including Parliament House, the Australian War Memorial and the National Gallery of Australia. New South Wales New South Wales (NSW) is Australia’s oldest and most populous state. New South Wales was originally settled as a penal colony on the shores of Port Jackson where the bustling capital city of Sydney now stands. Sydney is the nation’s largest city and is renowned for its idyllic beaches, great walks and world-class dining. New South Wales is also home to popular attractions including the Blue Mountains and the Hunter Valley wine region. Northern Territory At the top end of Australia lies the Northern Territory (NT).

Darwin , on the northern coast, is the capital, and Alice Springs is the principal inland town. Alice Springs is the physical heart of Australia, almost exactly at the nation's geographical centre. The Northern Territory is home to the famous Uluru (Ayers Rock), Kata Tjuta (the Olgas) and Kakadu National Park . Queensland Queensland (QLD) is Australia’s second-largest state (in size) and is home to the world famous Great Barrier Reef , the world’s most extensive subtropical rainforest and the beautiful Queensland Islands – including the World Heritage-listed Fraser Island . Brisbane is the state’s capital; it enjoys more winter sunshine and warmth than most Australian cities and is perfect for outdoor activities and water sports. South Australia South Australia (SA) sits in the southern central part of the country, and covers some of the most arid parts of the continent. The state’s capital is Adelaide and is a great base for exploring the Barossa wineries, the Flinders Ranges and Kangaroo Island . South Australia has a thriving arts scene and is known as the ‘Festival State’, with more than 500 events and festivals taking place there each year.

Tasmania Tasmania (TAS) is separated from mainland Australia by the Bass Strait and is the smallest state in Australia. The capital, Hobart , was founded in 1804 as a penal colony, and is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. One-fifth of Tasmania is covered by national parks and wilderness – abundant in driving routes and walking trails – and it is one of the world’s most mountainous islands. Victoria Victoria (VIC) is the smallest of the mainland states in size but is home to the country’s second most populated city, Melbourne . Often referred to as the nation’s cultural capital, Melbourne is famed for its graffiti laneways, fashion-forward boutiques and booming café scene. Victorians' enthusiasm for sport is also legendary and this is where Australian Rules football began. The only thing more sacred than the footy is Melbournians love of coffee, and here you’ll find some of Australia’s best flat whites, cappuccinos and piccolo lattes. Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is Australia’s largest state and is a place of true contrasts: from desert in the east to 13,000 kilometres of pristine coastline on the west.

The state’s capital is Perth ; the fourth most populous city in Australia and famed for its uncrowded beaches, parklands and fresh seafood. Off the coast of Esperance, in the state’s south, is Middle Island, which is home to the extraordinary pink-coloured Lake Hillier . Australia also administers Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (or Keeling) Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, Heard and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island and the Australian Antarctic Territory (covering 42 per cent of the Antarctic continent) as external territories. MORE ARTICLES LIKE THIS 1300.1 - New South Wales Year Book, 1998 1300.1 - New South Wales Year Book, 1998 Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 25/01/2001 1998 Special Article - The State of New South Wales - Timeline of History Reproduced from New South Wales Year Book, 1998 (ABS Catalogue No. 1301.1).

Aboriginal settlement The precise date of the first human occupation of NSW is not known - estimates range from 30,000 to 60,000 years ago. The Aboriginal people are thought to have crossed to Australia from south-east Asia as far back as 120,000 years ago. Remains of a camp site found at Lake Mungo in the far west of the state have been dated as 32,000 years old. The pre-contact population in NSW may have been greater than 40,000. The Aboriginal people were hunter gatherers and, although they did not use agricultural techniques, used fire as a form of land management to promote new vegetation. The Aborigines were not formed into the political structure of a nation but were separate groups, each with their own language and traditions. Each language group or clan was responsible for the management of certain areas of land. Groups had contact with each other for trade, initiations, marriages and other ceremonies. Some groups formed political alliances while others were at war. 1770: Captain Cook During 1770, Captain James Cook charted the east coast of Australia, landing at Botany Bay on 28 April.

Cook formally took possession of the whole of the eastern part of Australia in August on Possession Island, just off the north coast of Cape York Peninsula, naming the region "New South Wales". 1788: European settlement Captain Arthur Phillip, commanding the First Fleet, sailed into Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. The fleet then moved to Sydney Cove where the British flag was raised on 26 January. 1,035 persons disembarked, of whom 850 were convicts. . The colony was formally proclaimed on 7 February. The First Fleet's objective was to set up a penal colony to replace those lost in the American war of Independence. Subsequent fleets arrived in 1790 and 1791. The first free settlers arrived in 1793 on the Bellona. 1790s: Coal discovered During the 1790s coal was discovered in the Hunter and Illawarra regions and the first merino sheep were imported into NSW. Tasmania was found to be an island by George Bass 1807: First wool exported Port Phillip Bay was explored by Lieutenant Murray.

Matthew Flinders, who circumnavigated Australia in 1802-03, recommended the name Australia be used rather than New Holland. The first export of wool was in 1807 when Captain Macarthur sent 245 pounds of wool to England. 1809: Macquarie arrives In 1808, Lieutenant Colonel Johnston and Macarthur overthrew Governor Bligh in the ‘Rum Rebellion’. Both were court martialled in London in 1809 for this act and Lachlan Macquarie assumed the position of Governor. Macquarie's period was one of civic stability, establishment of new settlements and the erection of public buildings. With his convict architect Francis Greenway, Macquarie built structures, some of which can be seen today in Macquarie Street in Sydney. Among the buildings erected were the first Post Office (1810), Sydney Hospital (1816) and Hyde Park Barracks (1817). 1813: Crossing of Blue Mountains In 1812 the Governor's Court and the Supreme Court were established.

In 1813 Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth crossed the Blue Mountains which had been a barrier to inland exploration and settlement. A road over the mountains was built by 1815. The first bank - the Bank of New South Wales (subsequently Westpac Banking Corporation) - opened in 1817. Macquarie returned to England in 1821. 1823: Legislative Council appointed In 1823, a Legislative Council of five leading citizens was appointed to advise the Governor. In 1824, NSW was proclaimed a crown colony; the first act of Parliament, the Currency Act, was passed; and the Supreme Court of Criminal Jurisdiction was established. In 1825 Tasmania became a separate colony. In 1828, the Legislative Council, appointed by the Governor, was expanded to 15 and the first full census of NSW, known as the muster, was held. There were 36,598 non-Aboriginal persons; Aborigines were not officially counted until 1971. The Imperial Act was passed which made all the laws and statutes in force in England applicable to NSW.

1831: First steamship arrives In 1831 the first steamer Sophia Jane arrived in Sydney and the "Sydney Herald" was first published. The paper became "The Sydney Morning Herald" in 1842. Assisted passage began in 1832. South Australia became a separate colony in 1836. 1838: Myall Creek massacre The Myall Creek massacre was the first case in which Europeans were tried and punished for the murder of Aborigines. Twenty-eight men, women and children were murdered. Eleven white men were brought to trial and acquitted. A second trial found seven of them guilty and they were hanged. 1843: First elections The Sydney Municipal Corporation was established in 1842. In 1843 the first 24 elected representatives of the Legislative Council took their place in a chamber of 36, the rest being appointed by the Governor. The transportation of convicts to NSW ceased after a long campaign by the settlers of NSW. In 1848, the "Marion" was the last ship to transport convicts to NSW.

1851: Gold rush Edward Hargreaves found payable gold near Bathurst in February 1851. Over the next decade the population increased at a rate never attained again. By August that year there were over 10,000 people on NSW diggings. Gold was declared Crown property and Victoria became an independent colony. In 1852, revenue from gold was allocated to the Colonial Legislatures and the University of Sydney was formally opened. 1855: Responsible government In 1855 the British Government approved a draft Constitution and NSW was granted responsible government. The first railway opened between Sydney and Parramatta. 1856 was the first year of elective Parliament and responsible Ministry. The first Intercolonial cricket match between Victoria and NSW was played. the population had grown to 252,649 1858: Secret ballot The Parliament granted universal male suffrage and the secret ballot in 1858. Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide were connected by telegraph. Queensland became a separate colony in 1859, reducing the area of NSW.

1862: State aid to religion abolished State aid to religion was abolished in 1862 and the railway was opened to Penrith. The western border of Queensland was moved to the 138th meridian of east longitude - its position today. In the following year the Northern Territory was separated and annexed to South Australia. In 1868 an Irishman, O'Farrell, attempted to assassinate the Duke of Edinburgh. He was subsequently hanged. The Sydney Trades and Labour Council was formed in 1871. The telegraphic cable to England was completed in 1872 and a telegraphic cable joining NSW and New Zealand was laid in 1876. In 1878, the discovery of artesian water near Bourke allowed settlement away from river fronts. 1879: Royal National Park The first steam tramway started operations in Sydney, and the Royal National Park, Australia's first national park and the world’s second, was created in 1879. In the same year the first Intercolonial Trade Union congress was held in Sydney and the first consignment of frozen meat was shipped to England aboard the "Strathleven".

1883: Silver discovered In 1880 aid was abolished to denominational schools and it was decreed that all State schools must be sectarian. The first telephones were installed in Sydney in that year and women were admitted to Sydney University the following year. The Trade Unions Act gave workers the right to form unions in 1881. In 1882 the first cricket test in NSW was played between Australia and England. In 1883 silver was found at Broken Hill and BHP was incorporated two years later. A railway bridge was built across the Murray thereby linking Sydney and Melbourne by rail. The NSW Aborigines Protection Board was established. 1886 saw an industrial depression and there was large scale unemployment by 1887. 1888: Centenary of NSW Centenary celebrations were held in 1888 to commemorate the arrival of the First Fleet. Centennial Park in Sydney was given to the people of NSW as a gift from the Government. A weekly mail service to England began and the railways of NSW and Queensland were joined.

Sir Henry Parkes, the Premier, committed NSW to federation and in October of 1889 gave the famous Tenterfield oration urging a national parliament elected by the people rather than a council of colonies. The great strike of 1890 saw miners, waterside workers, draymen and shearers defeated but in the next year 35 Labour member were returned to the Legislation Council. 1893: One man one vote By 1893 the financial crisis deepened and 13 of the 25 trading banks closed their doors. A new Electoral Act was passed giving one man one vote. In the same year the Country Party was formed. Income tax began in 1895 and the police were enfranchised in 1896. 1898: First wheat exported In 1898 the first surplus of wheat was exported and a referendum on the Federation Constitution Bill was defeated. A second referendum was passed in 1899 and the colonies agreed to federate. Queen Victoria gave assent to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Bill on 9 July 1900.

1901: Federation On 1 January 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia was proclaimed by the Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun, at Centennial Park in Sydney. The first federal elections were held in March and Parliament was opened by the Duke of York and Cornwall (later King George V) in May. Edmund Barton became the first Prime Minister. The Commonwealth became responsible for Defence, Post and Telecommunications, and Customs and Excise. Interstate free trade was established and old age pensions were introduced in NSW. 1902: Vote for women In 1902 the vote was given to women in NSW and in 1903 the High Court of Australia was set up. Ada Emily Evans was the first woman to graduate in law from the University of Sydney in the same year, although she was not permitted to practice. 1906: Free public schools Public school fees were abolished, Central Railway Station opened, and the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Scheme was approved. In 1907 Sydney and Melbourne were connected by telephone and Rugby League commenced in the same year breaking away from Rugby Union over a disagreement about payment to injured players.

1908: Canberra chosen as Australian capital The Yass-Canberra district was chosen as the site of the federal capital and the Minimum Wage Act was passed. The Pacific Fleet from the USA (the Great White Fleet) visited Sydney. The Fisher Library was opened at Sydney University in 1909 and a general coal strike occurred in NSW. Amendments to the NSW Aborigines Act gave the NSW Protection Board greater power to remove children for training as domestic servants. In 1910 the first Labour Government in NSW was formed. 1911: First Australian census In 1911 the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) was ceded to the Commonwealth by NSW. The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) was established and work commenced on the trans-continental railway. The first Commonwealth census was conducted. 1914: First World War In 1913 the Australian fleet arrived in Sydney. It included the battle cruiser Australia at the cruisers Sydney and Melbourne. The first double dissolution of Federal Parliament occurred and the First World War, the Great War, started in August 1914. Enlistment of the first Australian Imperial Force (AIF) began almost immediately.

The RAN was placed under British control. On the way to Europe the cruiser Sydney sank the German cruiser Emden off the Cocos Islands. The first AIF servicemen left in November for Egypt. Jervis Bay was added to the Commonwealth in 1915. In April the Australian and New Zealand soldiers (the Anzacs) landed at Gallipoli in Turkey. The iron and steel works were opened in Newcastle by BHP. 1916: Six o’clock closing Six o’clock closing for hotels was introduced in 1916. Workmen’s compensation was extended to all workers. A federal referendum for compulsory military service was defeated that year as was the second in 1917. Daylight saving was started and abandoned that year. 1920: Compulsory school attendance Multiple electorates and proportional representation were used in the State election in 1920. Compulsory school attendance was introduced in the same year. The 44 hour week was introduced in NSW in 1921.

1922: State bank established In 1922 the Sydney Harbour Bridge Bill was passed as was the establishment of the Rural Bank (subsequently the State Bank of NSW). The working week reverted to 48 hours that year. The first radio station in Australia - 2SB (now 2BL) started in Sydney in 1923. 1926: Electrification of railways The first section of the underground railway opened in Sydney and the electrification of the suburban railway lines began. The 44 hour week was reintroduced in NSW. The widows’ pension and compulsory workers’ compensation were instituted in NSW. A system of single seats and preferential voting was introduced for State elections. 1929: Compulsory voting Compulsory voting was introduced for State elections in 1929 and a Royal Commission on the coal industry commenced following the death of a miner at Rothbury in a clash between unionists and the police. The State Lottery started in 1931. 1932: Government dismissed The Sydney Harbour Bridge was opened in 1932. The Governor, Sir Philip Game, dismissed the NSW Premier, J. T.

Lang, that year and the NSW Industrial Court was constituted. Sydney and Brisbane were connected by a standard gauge rail link on the completion of the Clarence River Bridge. In 1935 the Commonwealth Court’s basic wage was adopted for State awards and the Cooperative Home Building Societies were sponsored by the State Government. 1939: The Second World War The Second World War broke out in 1939 and military conscription for home defence was introduced. Sliced bread was introduced in Sydney. The Commonwealth Arbitration Court adopted 44 hours as the standard week. 1942: Uniform income tax In 1942 Singapore fell and 15,000 Australian troops were taken prisoner. Darwin was bombed and three Japanese midget submarines entered Sydney Harbour sinking the barracks ship Kuttabul. The Commonwealth Uniform Income Tax replaced State income and entertainment taxes. The Commonwealth introduced the widows’ pension. 1945: War ends The war ended in 1945 and Australia was an original signatory to the United Nations Charter. Non-Labor party factions united and formed the Liberal Party of Australia. The NSW Liberal Executive was appointed in 1945.

In 1946, the Commonwealth assumed responsibility for social services after a referendum 1947: 40 hour week The 40 hour week was introduced in NSW in 1947 and voting became compulsory in local government elections. In 1948, after a referendum was rejected, the States assumed control of rents, prices and land sales. The first Holden car rolled off the assembly line and Don Bradman retired from cricket with a test average of 99.94. 1949: Snowy Mountains Scheme There was a general strike in the coal fields in 1949 and gas and electricity were rationed. The strike was broken when troops were brought in to operate the mines. The second university, the NSW University of Technology - now the University of NSW - was incorporated by the State Government and the Snowy Mountains Irrigation scheme commenced. 1954: First visit by monarch In 1954 Elizabeth II became the first reigning monarch to visit Australia. Following a referendum in 1955, ten o’clock closing for hotels was introduced in NSW. The first power was generated by the Snowy Mountains Scheme and the death penalty was abolished in NSW.

1956: TV starts Television commenced broadcasting in 1956 and land tax was reintroduced in NSW. The Commonwealth conciliation and arbitration system was reorganised establishing a court to handle legal decisions and a commission to settle disputes and determine awards. In 1957 Joern Utzon won a world-wide competition to design the Sydney Opera House. 1961: Divorce law In 1961 a referendum to abolish the Legislative Council was defeated and a uniform divorce law for Australia came into operation. A standard gauge railway connecting Sydney and Melbourne opened in 1962 as did the Cahill Expressway, Sydney’s first freeway. Aborigines were given the right to vote in Commonwealth elections. 1964: TAB established The Totalizator Agency Board (TAB) was established to allow off-course betting on racing. Dawn Fraser of Balmain won the 100 metre freestyle gold medal at the Tokyo Olympic Games. It was her third Olympic gold medal in this event. 1966: Decimal currency Provisional driving licences were introduced in NSW in 1966 and legislation was passed to allow the screening of films on Sundays.

Married women were allowed to remain working in the Commonwealth Public Service. Decimal currency was introduced. 1971: Legal age eighteen In 1971 the State Government lowered the minimum age of legal responsibility from 21 to 18. The control of payroll tax was transferred to the States from the Commonwealth. Daylight saving was introduced and the census included Aborigines for the first time. In 1973 the voting age for Federal elections was reduced to 18; tertiary education fees were abolished and the Sydney Opera House was opened. 1975: Order of Australia The first NSW Ombudsman was appointed in 1975 and the Arbitration Commission introduced wage indexation based on the quarterly CPI. The Order of Australia was awarded for the first time. 1979: 37� hour week State workers were granted a 37� hour week in 1979 and the Eastern Suburbs railway commenced operation - over 100 years after it was first mooted. 1981: Sir Roden Cutler retires Public funding of State parliamentary elections was introduced in 1981 and the Arbitration Commission abandoned wage indexation.

Sir Roden Cutler, the longest serving Governor in NSW history, retired. 1984: Four year term The Legislative Assembly was elected for a maximum term of four years. Advance Australia Fair became the official National Anthem and green and gold were proclaimed as Australia’s national colours. Homosexuality was decriminalised. 1986: Australia Acts In 1986 the proclamation of the Australia Acts ended the powers of the British Parliament and judicial system over the States. The number of members of the Legislative Assembly was increased from 99 to 109. Neville Wran resigned as State Premier after ten years --- the longest serving Premier in the State’s history. 1988: Bicentenary 1988 saw Australia celebrate its bicentenary of European settlement. The monorail started in Sydney amid great controversy. In 1989, the NSW Government formed the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) and passed the Freedom of Information Bill. In the latter part of the year Newcastle was devastated by an earthquake claiming 12 lives. 1990: Gulf war In 1990 Australia supported the United Nations trade sanctions against Iraq.

In early 1990 an estimated one-third of the State was flooded in a two week period. The National Maritime Museum at Darling Harbour was opened. 1991: Adoption Information Act Pemulwuy Koori College, the first Aboriginal high school, opened in February. In March the number of members of the Legislative Assembly was changed back from 109 to 99. The Adoption Information Act came into effect in April. The legislation provided access to records for adopted children and their parents. The State election in May 1991 saw the Greiner Government returned to power with the support of four independents. On 23 October 1991 the first general strike since 1929 was held to protest against Industrial Relations legislation introduced by the NSW Government. Also in that year the Museum of Contemporary Art was opened at Circular Quay. Eight people were killed by a gunman in a suburban shopping complex in Strathfield, Sydney. Laws were introduced later in the year to curb access to military assault rifles. 1992: Premier resigns In March the first woman Chief Judge, Mahla Pearlman, was appointed to the Land and Environment Court of NSW.

Premier Greiner resigned in June following an Independent Commission Against Corruption inquiry into the appointment of a member of Parliament to a public service position. John Fahey was selected as his replacement. The Government Insurance Office (GIO) was floated in July. The Sydney Harbour Tunnel was opened in August. In December, the first women were ordained in the Anglican Church in NSW. 1993: Olympic bid succeeds In March it became legal to sell and serve kangaroo meat in NSW for human consumption. In September the bid to hold the year 2000 Olympics in Sydney was successful. In November police were dealing with the largest serial killing on record in NSW, known as the backpacker murders, following the discovery of a seventh body in forests near Sydney. During the same month NSW became the first state to pass legislation banning vilification of homosexuals. 1994: Bush fires During January fire storms ravaged NSW. In ten days 600,000 hectares of bush were burnt out, 185 homes destroyed, four lives lost and over 12,000 people went through evacuation centres. In November a third runway for Sydney’s Kingsford-Smith Airport was opened and the State Bank of NSW was sold.

The drought in NSW continued to worsen with 98% of the State drought-declared by December. A Royal Commission was established to investigate corruption in the NSW Police Service. 1995: Sydney casino The drought continued throughout 1995. Temperatures during winter reached 30�C and rain was scarce. In April, there was a change of government from the Liberal/National Party coalition to the Australian Labor Party with Bob Carr as Premier. Sydney’s first legal casino opened on 13 September at Darling Harbour. With a main span of 345 metres, the Glebe Island Bridge was opened in December. 1996: New rail links A new rail link was opened between Merrylands and Parramatta, providing direct services between Campbelltown and Penrith. Work on a new southern rail line commenced to link City--Airport--East Hills. The logo for the Sydney 2000 Olympics was unveiled at Darling Harbour and construction of the main Olympic stadium commenced at Homebush. A number of severe storms hit parts of NSW. Both Armidale and Singleton suffered hail damage, while a flood claimed one life in Coffs Harbour.

The Royal Commission into the NSW Police Service continued and Peter Ryan was sworn in as NSW Police Commissioner. As a result of a massacre at Port Arthur in Tasmania, bans on possession of semi-automatic weapons were introduced. 1997: Thredbo landslide A landslide at Thredbo destroyed two ski lodges and buried 19 people. Miraculously, one survivor was recovered by the rescue team, which numbered more than 600. There were more than 185 bushfires burning across NSW in December and four volunteer fire fighters were killed, two at Lithgow, one at Menai and one near Wingello. The largest fire destroyed bushland in the Pilliga region, near Coonabarabran. Trams returned to Sydney after a 36 year absence, with the opening of a light rail service between Central and Wentworth Park. The permanent home of the Sydney casino, Star City, was opened. 1998: Royal Easter Show moves In April, the Royal Easter Show was held for the first time at the new showgrounds at Homebush Bay, after moving from the traditional site at Moore Park.

The Olympic Park railway opened in March with the station located adjacent to the main Olympic Stadium and the new Showground complex. A torrential downpour and flash flood in the Wollongong area caused widespread damage to homes. Two separate warnings were issued to Sydney residents to boil their water following reports of the discovery of micro-organism contamination in the water supply in August and September. The Sydney to Hobart yacht race was marred by tragedy when heavy storms struck the fleet off the NSW coast. Six sailors were lost and more than half the field withdrew from the race. Source: New South Wales Year Book, 1998 (ABS Catalogue No. 1301.1). Document Selection Queensland Governors - Statehood to Federation Who was the first governor of Queensland? Answer: Sir George Ferguson Bowen Queensland Governors - Statehood to Federation Bowen Blackall Marquis of Normanby Cairns Kennedy Palmer Musgrave Norman Lord Lamington Griffith Chermside Lord Chelmsford MacGregor The giving of place names is as old as history and widespread in that it exists in every recorded language.

Queensland, like the other Australian Colonies, was dissimilar to older countries in the matter of the bestowal of names for the various towns and the many other geographical features. In the long settled older countries, names were evolved from a descriptive entity, a historical incident or a certain feature of geographical aspect by which the place became known. In Queensland's initial development associated with exploration, the influence of Place naming was rather by a personal system as evinced by the fact that of fourteen seaports, eleven bear names belonging to historic personalities a preponderance seldom reached in any Australian State or English speaking country. So, as the leading personalities of the Colony, early day Governors were honoured in the naming of diversified features and activities such as bridges, cities, counties, downs, distilleries, hospitals, hospital wards, hotels, lakes, masonic lodges, mountains, parks, ports, rivers, railway stations, roads, streets, suburbs, ships, towns and townships, as evidence of their respected popularity. In several instances, the wife, or a member of a Governor's staff also shared in the honour of having, their names perpetuated.

The respective name links of the Governors only include those with whom historical associations with the Colony (State) of Queensland were bestowed. Queensland was, of course, under the jurisdiction of New South Wales until Separation was effected on 10th December 1859. MAJOR GENERAL LACHLAN MACQUARIE Governor of New South Wales from 1 January 1810 to 1 December 1821. Macquarie Street, New Farm and Macquarie Street, St. Lucia, Brisbane. It is a more of a coincidence than perhaps a historical link that J. C. Wickham Queensland's first Government Resident in the Moreton Bay Settlement as it was then known, owned Portion 52 of land (30 acres), the frontage of which is Macquarie Street opposite New Farm Wharf. The land was subdivided in 1885. MAJOR GENERAL SIR THOS. MAKDOUGALL BRISBANE, K.C.B . Governor of New South Wales from 1 December 1821 to 1 December 1825. The City of Brisbane, now extends over an area of 375 square miles.

It has been the capital of Queensland since Separation in 1859. Brisbane River, 215 miles long and the best commercial river in Australia. Brisbane Street, Brisbane Avenue and Brisbane Corso are the respective names given to thoroughfares in nine of Brisbane suburbs. The word Brisbane appears as the first part of the business names of over 150 trading firms, manufacturers, societies, institutions ‑and the like which carry on their activities in the City of Brisbane. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL RALPH (afterwards SIR RALPH) DARLING Governor of New South Wales from 19 December 1825 to 22 October 1831. Darling Downs, a rich agricultural area of 5,625 square miles discovered by Allan Cunningham on 6 June 1827 and named after Sir Ralph Darling. Dumaresq River (also known as the Severn River) which forms part of the boundary between New South Wales and the area now known as Queensland. The Dumaresq River was called after the maiden name of Lady Darling, wife of the Governor.

Condamine River a headstream of the Darling River, could also be included as Thomas de la Condamine was A.D.C. and Military Secretary to Governor Darling. Condamine township 236 miles west of Brisbane. COLONEL PATRICK LINDESAY Colonel Patrick Lindesay administered the Colony of New South Wales from 22 October 1831 to 2 December 1831. Mount Lindesay, 4,064 feet in height situated in the Macpherson Range, South Queensland. Colonel (afterwards Sir Patrick) Lindesay had previously been stationed in Moreton Bay Settlement as Commanding Officer of the 29th Regiment. SIR GEORGE GIPPS, KT. Governor of New South Wales from 24 February 1838 to 11 July 1846. Gipps Street, Fortitude Valley, Brisbane. This street runs from Ann Street to St. Paul's Terrace. Prior to the construction and subsequent opening of the Story Bridge over the Brisbane River in July 1940, Gipps Street was used only for its local residential and business traffic.

However, after the quietude of a century since it was originally surveyed and formed, it has now become a very busy thoroughfare for the traffic from the Story Bridge to and from the north western suburbs of Brisbane. SIR MAURICE CHARLES O'CONNELL, K.C.M.G. Sir Maurice Charles O’Connell administered the Colony of Queensland on four occasions viz., from 4 January 1868 to 14 August 1868, from 2 January 1871 to 12 August 1871, from 12 November 1874 to 23 January 1875 and from 14 March 1877 to 10 April 1877. O'Connelltown was an early named suburb of Brisbane. It was bounded by the suburbs of Swan Hill, Windsor Railway Station and the land between the railway line and the upper reaches of Breakfast Creek as the eastern boundary and thence to Bowen Bridge. The Eildon Post Office could be regarded as the centre. Since 1914, the name has fallen into disuse when the horse drawn omnibuses were superseded by electric trams.

O'Connelltown was one of the suburbs on the side destination boards of the omnibuses. The suburb is now absorbed into that of Windsor, an adjoining suburb. O'Connell County, west of Townsville. O'Connell Street (twice) O'Connell Terrace and O'Connell Place are thoroughfares in four of Brisbane's suburbs. Le Geyt Street in O'Connelltown (opposite Eildon Road) honours the maiden name of Lady O'Connell. She was the daughter of Colonel Philip Le Geyt, Commanding Officer of the 63rd Regiment, Jersey, Channel Islands. SIR CHARLES AUGUSTUS FITZROY, K.C.H., K.C.B. Sir Charles Augustus Fitzroy was Governor of New South Wales from 3 August 1846 to 17 January 1855. Fitzroy River, the longest river on the eastern Australian seaboard was named after him; also Fitzroy Downs an expanse of country about twenty miles from the town of Roma. Mary River, which passes through Gympie and Maryborough districts was named after Lady Mary Fitzroy, wife of the Governor.

Maryborough, a city 161 miles north of Brisbane was named after the Mary River. SIR WILLIAM THOMAS DENISON, K.C.B. Sir William Thomas Denison was Governor of New South Wales from 20 January 1855 to 22 January 1861. Port Denison is one of the best harbours on the east coast of Australia, and was named after him. The North Queensland town of Bowen is situated on Port Denison. It was Sir William Thomas Denison who signed the proclamation granting Separation to the Colony of Queensland. SIR GEORGE FERGUSON BOWEN, G.C.M.G. Sir George Ferguson Bowen (Bio) was the first Governor of the newly proclaimed State of Queensland from 10 December 1859 to 4 January 1868. Bowen, the North Queensland seaport was named after him. Bowen River a tributary of the Burdekin. Bowen Hills a northern suburb of Brisbane and the railway station of Bowen Hills. Bowen Bridge which spans Enoggera Creek in the Bowen Bridge suburb. Bowen Park the site of the National Agricultural Society's Showground.

Bowen County in the Maryborough district, Gin Gin and Mount Perry district. Bowenville, a township on the western railway 136 miles west of Brisbane. Bowen Downs in the Muttaburra District. Bowen appears as the name for eight thoroughfares in various suburbs of Brisbane. Countess and Roma Streets in the inner city of Brisbane were named in honour of Lady Diamantina Bowen (bio) wife of the Governor. Lady Bowen before her marriage to Sir George Ferguson Bowen was Countess Diamantina di Roma. She was a Countess in her own right and her name was inscribed in the Libre d'Or, the record kept of ancient Venetian families. Ithaca, a suburb of Brisbane, was named after Lady Bowen's birthplace - the Island of Ithaca in the Ionian Islands group which were under the Venetian Republic from the year 1396 to 1797. Roma, a town 318 miles on the railway west of Brisbane, was called after Lady Bowen's maiden surname. Roma was the first town established after Queensland was granted Separation from New South Wales.

Diamantina River and Diamantina Lakes are situated in the South West of Queensland. Lady Bowen Hospital for Women was opened as early as the year 1868 in a small cottage in Margaret Street Brisbane. It moved to a larger building in Ann Street and in the year 1889 opened in a much larger building in Wickham Terrace near the Brisbane Grammar School and Albert Park. In 1938, after the completion of a more modern block at the General Hospital, the activities of the Lady Bowen Hospital were transferred to that building. COLONEL SAMUEL WENSLEY BLACKALL Colonel Samuel Wensley Blackall (Bio) was Governor of Queensland from 14 August 1868 to 2 January 1871. Blackall a town 378 miles west of Rockhampton was named after him. Thetown of Blackall could be regarded, for practical geographical purposes, as the centre of Queensland. Blackall Range which runs for about fifty miles between Brisbane and Cooroy at a distance of approximately twenty miles from the coast. Blackall Bridge spans Kedron Brook on the Grange Road Brisbane. Blackall Street in which is situated the Brisbane Victoria Military Barracks.

Mount Blackall the highest point of the Toowong Cemetery in Brisbane. It is in that portion where Colonel Blackall's grave is situated. He was the first person to be buried in that Cemetery. The grave of his longtime friend Sir Maurice O'Connell is only fifteen yards distant. Blackall Terrace situated in the suburb of East Brisbane. Following the death, of Colonel Samuel Wensley Blackall after less than three years in office as Governor, the administration of the Colony of Queensland was taken over by Sir Maurice O'Connell from 2 January 1871 to 12 August 1871 when Governor Blackall's successor in office, the Marquis of Normanby, arrived. MARQUIS OF NORMANBY The Marquis of Normanby (George Augustus Constantine Phipps) (Bio) was Governor of Queensland from 12 August 1871 to 12 November 1874 held the titles Earl of Mulgrave, Viscount Normanby and Baron Mulgrave of Mulgrave all in the County of York in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Baron Mulgrave of New Ross in the County of Wexford in the Peerage of Ireland, P.C.

Governor and Commander in Chief of the Colony of Queensland and its dependencies. He was born at Whitby England, near which seaport Captain Cook in his early life, was apprenticed to a Grocer prior to engaging in his illustrious seafaring career. Normanby River in the Cooktown area was named after him. Normanby, an inner city suburb of Brisbane. Normanby, which was the first railway station on the original line to Sandgate after leaving Roma Street. Normanby Street, Indooroopilly and Normanby Terrace in the suburb of Normanby. Normanby Hotel in Brisbane and the Normanby Hotel in Rockhampton. Normanby Sound in the open entrance to the south part of Goode Island, the south west part of Hammond Island, the west part of Thursday Island and north part of Prince of Wales Island. Normanby Shire, which since 1948 has now been included in the No. 3 Division Moreton Shire. Normanby Distillery and Normanby Rum. Mulgrave Street, Spring Hill, Brisbane, after the second title of the Marquis of Normanby. Mulgrave River, Mulgrave Shire in North Queensland and Mulgrave Island near Thursday Island.

Russell River in the Babinda district, North Queensland, was named after the maiden name of the wife of the Marquis of Normanby. Two men, Captain James Cook and the Marquis of Normanby, born a century apart, after having spent their early lives near the small town of Whitby, have their names historically perpetuated in a small adjacent area in North Queensland 14000 mile's from that spot, by the naming of Cooktown and the Normanby and Mulgrave Rivers. WILLIAM WELLINGTON CAIRNS, C.M.G. William Wellington Cairns (Bio) was Governor of Queensland from 13 January 1875 to 14 March 1877. The major northern city of Cairns was named after him. This town was originally called Thornton after William Thornton the then Collector of Customs in the Colony of Queensland. After the discovery of gold in the Hodgkinson area inland from the township, it was named Dickson in honour of the then Colonial Treasurer. However, when the town was surveyed, it was called after the Governor William Wellington Cairns. Wellington Road, East Brisbane was formerly called East Boundary Road as it formed the original eastern boundary of early Brisbane township.

Ten other thoroughfares in Brisbane are called Wellington. These though derived from the then continuing colonial fascination with the deeds of the Duke of Wellington. Cairns Shire and Cairns County (in the district of Leichhardt). Cairns Street, East Brisbane is the centre of three adjoining streets bearing the names of Governors Cairns, Blackall and Kennedy, while three other thoroughfares in Brisbane suburbs perpetuate the name of Cairns. SIR ARTHUR EDWARD KENNEDY, G.C.M.G., C.B., Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy (Bio) was Governor of Queensland from 11 April 1877 to 2 May 1883. Arthur Terrace and Kennedy Terrace in the Ithaca and Red Hill suburbs of Brisbane were named after him; also County of Kennedy in the Maranoa District. Georgina River and Georgina County (Boulia district) were named after Governor Kennedy's daughter Georgina Mildred Kennedy. SIR ARTHUR HUNTER PALMER Sir Arthur Hunter Palmer (Bio) administered the Colony for three periods, viz.

from 2 May 1883 to 6 November 1883, from 9 October 1888 to 1 May 1889 and from 15 November 1895 to 9 April 1896. He was also Premier from 1870 to 1874. Palmer River and the township of Palmerville in North Queensland and the Palmer Goldfield were named after him; also the County of Palmer in the Wyandra and Charleville districts. Palmer Street, Windsor, Brisbane, Hunter Street and Palmer Street in the Toowong Suburb, are called after Sir Arthur Hunter Palmer. SIR ANTHONY MUSGRAVE, K.C.M.G. Sir Anthony Musgrave (Bio) was Governor of Queensland from 6 November 1883 to 9 October 1888. Anthony Street and Musgrave Street are adjoining thoroughfares off Montague Road near Davies Park, West End, Brisbane. Musgrave Street in the Ithaca suburb was changed in 1920 to Tooth Avenue after the Mayor of Ithaca Alderman Leslie H. Tooth.

Musgrave Parade Ashgrove was changed to McLean Parade in 1920. Musgrave Park was formerly called the South Brisbane Recreation Reserve until 1885. Musgrave Road was originally called Waterworks Road from the Normanby Hotel but in 1890 the name was changed to Musgrave Road. Musgrave Wharf in the South Brisbane reach was opened in 1889. It continued as a busy overseas wharf until 1938 when the shipping activities from this reach were accommodated at Newstead Wharves. The change was partly due to the effect of the building of the Story Bridge. Musgrave Cold Stores, Stanley Street adjoining the Musgrave Wharf were the main Cold Stores of Brisbane in the 1880's until larger Cold Stores, were built at Hamilton. Port Musgrave on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula about 100 miles from Thursday Island. Musgrave Telegraph Station west of Cooktown. County of Musgrave in the Mitchell district. Lady Musgrave Lodge was founded in 1885 by Lady Musgrave as an accommodation centre for young women.

Lucinda the Queensland Government Steam Yacht of 310 tons was named after Lady Jeannie Lucinda Musgrave, the wife of Sir Anthony Musgrave. The ship's bell and small defence cannon are among the exhibits of the Queensland Historical Society at Newstead House. Lucinda Point in North Queensland was named after the abovementioned steam yacht. Lucinda Street, Woolloongabba and Lucinda Street, Taringa were also named after the second christian name of the Governor's wife. FIELD MARSHAL SIR HENRY WYLIE NORMAN, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., C.I.E. Field Marshall Sir Henry Wylie Norman (Bio) was Governor of Queensland from 1 May 1889 to 31 December 1895. Norman Park a suburb in the eastern part of Brisbane, was named after him; as was Norman Avenue and Norman Crescent as well as Norman Park Railway Station situated in this area. Lady Norman Ward in the Children's Hospital Brisbane. Norman Hotel, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, was built in the year 1889. Thirteen thoroughfares in Brisbane bear the name of Norman. THE RIGHT HON.

LORD LAMINGTON K.C.M.G. The Right Honourable Lord Lamington (Charles Wallace Alexander Napier Cochrane Baillie) (Bio) was Governor of Queensland from 9 April 1896 to 20 June 1901. The Lamington National Park in the Lamington Plateau was named after him. This park is approximately 4,000 feet above sea level and comprises an area of 48,000 acres. It is situated about 50 miles south of Brisbane. Lamington township is in the area abovenamed. Lamington Bridge which spans the Mary River at Maryborough and the Lamington Hotel situated nearby on the northern bank of the river. County of Lamington east of Normanton in the Burke district. Lady Lamington Women's Hospital was established in 1900 and so continued until 1938 when the activities were transferred to the modern building at the General Hospital. The Lady Lamington Women's Hospital building, with many additional buildings in the area, is now part of the Lady Gowrie Child Centre. Lamington is the name of four thoroughfares in the suburbs of Brisbane.

Mount Lamington in New Guinea is also called after Lord Lamington. Of more Plebian note, the cake made famous in many a school and organisational fundraising drive, the “lamington,” being a sponge cake, cut into small rectangles and dipped in melted chocolate, then coated with coconut, is derived from a recipe introduced by Lady Lamington and named after her. SIR SAMUEL WALKER GRIFFITH, G.C.M.G., P.C. Sir Samuel Walker Griffith (Bio) administered the State of Queensland from 21 June 1901 to 24 March 1902. Sir Samuel was one of Australia’s leading jurists and High Court Chief Justices, but had an earlier career as a State politician and party leader. Cape Griffith, a bold rocky headland 11 miles north of the entrance to the Lockhart River between Cape Direction and Cape Weymouth on Cape York Peninsula. Griffith Street New Farm and Merthyr Road (formerly Racecourse Road) New Farm. Merthyr suburb was also named in honour of the birthplace Merthyr in Wales of Sir Samuel Griffith. County of Griffith in the Kennedy district. North Queensland.

SIR HERBERT CHERMSIDE, G.C.M.G., C.B. Sir Herbert Chermside (Bio) was Governor of Queensland from 24 March 1902 to 10 October 1904. Chermside suburb is located in the north western part of Brisbane between the older suburbs of Lutwyche and Downfall Creek. Four thoroughfares in various suburbs bear the name Chermside. LORD CHELMSFORD, K.C.M.G. Lord Chelmsford (Bio) (Frederick John Napier Thesiger) was Governor of Queensland from 20 November 1905 to 26 May 1909. Lord Chelmsford featured in the infamous Zulu Wars of 1879-1880 and his military career never recovered from the disaster at Isandhlwana. Chelmsford Avenue in the suburb of Windsor, Brisbane, is named after him; likewise, Chelmsford County in the Cook district North Queensland. SIR WILLIAM MACGREGOR, G.C.M.G., C.B.

Sir William Macgregor (Bio) was Governor of Queensland from 2 December 1909 to 16 July 1914. MacGregor Avenue Bardon, was named after him. This avenue leads to Government House and Sir William MacGregor was the first Governor to occupy the newly acquired Government House “Fernberg". The newer suburb of Macgregor near Mt Gravatt, is also named after him. - Unknown

Question: Which Australian state capital was named after the man who was Governor of New South Wales 1821-25?
Answer: Brisbane