Meet 12 Spruce Trees and Shrubs Meet 12 Spruce Trees and Shrubs Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters Thanks, You're in! There was an error. Please try again. Please select a newsletter. Please enter a valid email address. Did you mean ? Picea Conifer Record Picea Genus (Spruce) 39 Species with 622 Trinomials Picea a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal regions of the earth. Spruces are large trees, from 20–60 metres (66–200 ft) tall when mature, and can be distinguished by their whorled branches and conical form. The needles, or leaves, of spruce trees are attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion, each needle on a small peg-like structure called a pulvinus. The needles are shed when 4–10 years old, leaving the branches rough with the retained pulvinus (an easy means of distinguishing them from other similar genera, where the branches are fairly smooth).

Spruces are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species but also used by the larvae of gall adelgids Picea abies, the Norway Spruce Photo by MPF via Wikipedia In the mountains of western Sweden scientists have found a Norway Spruce tree, nicknamed Old Tjikko, which by reproducing through layering has reached an age of 9,550 years and is claimed to be the world’s oldest known living tree. DNA analyses have shown that traditional classifications based on the morphology of needle and cone are artificial. A recent study found that P. breweriana had a basal position, followed by P. sitchensis, and the other species were further divided into three clades, suggesting that Picea originated in North America. Spruce is useful as a building wood, commonly referred to by several different names including North American timber, SPF (spruce, pine, fir) and whitewood.

Spruce wood is used for many purposes, ranging from general construction work and crates to highly specialized uses in wooden aircraft, and as a tonewood in many musical instruments, including guitars, mandolins, cellos, violins, and the soundboard at the heart of a piano and the harp. The Wright brothers’ first aircraft, the Flyer, was built of spruce. Because this species has no insect or decay resistance qualities after logging, it is generally recommended for construction purposes as indoor use only (ex. indoor drywall framing). Spruce wood, when left outside cannot be expected to last more than 12–18 months depending on the type of climate it is exposed to. Spruce is one of the most important woods for paper uses, as it has long wood fibers which bind together to make strong paper. The fibers are thin walled and collapse to thin bands upon drying. Spruces are commonly used in mechanical pulping as they are easily bleached. Together with northern pines, northern spruces are commonly used to make NBSK, a kraft paper. Spruces are cultivated over vast areas as pulpwood. The fresh shoots of many spruces and pines are a natural source of vitamin C.

Captain Cook made alcoholic sugar-based spruce beer during his sea voyages in order to prevent scurvy in his crew. The leaves and branches, or the essential oils, can be used to brew spruce beer today. In survival situations spruce needles can be directly ingested or boiled into a tea. This replaces large amounts of vitamin C. Also, it is believed that water stored in a spruce’s needles can provide an alternative means of hydration. The resin was used in the manufacture of pitch in the past (before the use of petrochemicals); the scientific name Picea is generally thought to be derived from Latin pix, pitch (though other etymologies have been suggested). Native Americans in North America use the thin, pliable roots of some species for weaving baskets and for sewing together pieces of birch bark for canoes. Spruces are also popular ornamental trees in horticulture, admired for their evergreen, symmetrical narrow-conic growth habit. For the same reason, some (particularly Picea abies and Picea omorika) are also extensively used as Christmas trees. The word “spruce” entered the English language from Old French Pruce, the name of Prussia.

Spruce was a generic term for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants and the tree was believed to have come from Prussia. According to a different theory, some suggest that it may, however, be a direct loanword from a Polish expression[drzewo which literally means “[tree from Prussia”. That would suggest that the late mediaeval Polish-speaking merchants would export the timber to England and the English would pick up the expression from them. Picea abies (Norway Spruce) Norway Spruce Synonym(s): Pinus abies L. Taxonomic Source(s): Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden. Taxonomic Notes: Two varieties are recognized: the typical variety is found almost throughout the range of the species. Picea abies var. acuminata (Beck) Dallim has a more limited distribution in the Jura, Alps, Carpathian Mts., southern Norway, Sweden. Neither taxon is regarded as threatened and hence they are not assessed separately. Thomas, P., Luscombe, D & Allen, D.J.

Justification: Picea abies is the most abundant, if not widespread conifer in Europe. As such, it is assessed as Least Concern. Previously published Red List assessments: 1998 – Lower Risk/least concern (LR/lc) Geographic Range [top] Range Description: Recorded from central (on mountains), northern and eastern Europe, eastward to the Ural Mts., where the species merges with P. obovata. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy are both in excess of the thresholds for a threatened category. Countries occurrence: Native: Albania; Austria; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France (France (mainland)); Germany; Greece (Greece (mainland)); Italy (Italy (mainland)); Lithuania; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Montenegro; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation (Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia); Serbia (Kosovo, Serbia, Serbia); Slovakia; Slovenia; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine (Ukraine (main part)) Introduced: The population is thought to be stable.

Current Population Trend: ♦ Continuing decline of mature individuals: No Habitat and Ecology [top] Habitat and Ecology: Picea abies is widespread and dominant in Boreal conifer forests of N and NE Europe, where it replaces Pinus sylvestris on wetter sites because Picea abies can avoid the water table with a very shallow root system. Occurs from sea level up to 2,000 m. The natural distribution shows continental tendencies but in the western mountains of Central Europe an ecotype has evolved that is adapted to sub-Atlantic weather conditions with heavy 'wet' snowfall in early winter. Its inability to compete with more shade tolerant Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica as well as historical factors have limited its natural expansion into Western Europe. In the Alps Picea abies occupies the montane to subalpine zones (dependent on local climate) especially on moist sites and in cold air pockets. Although it can occur on most substrates, acidic soils are most common and widespread as is testified by the undergrowth, if present, of ericaceous shrubs and sub-shrubs. Commonly growing with Picea abies in the Boreal forests are Betula sp.

and Populus tremula, with willows (Salix) alongside streams and lakes. In the Alps Picea abies occurs with Larix decidua, Pinus cembra, and P. sylvestris or P. nigra, if not in pure stands. In Eastern Europe, Picea abies is a constituent of mixed conifer-broad-leaved woodland from the Białowieża Forest in the north to the valleys of the eastern Alps and the Carpathians. Systems: Use and Trade [top] Use and Trade: Norway Spruce is an important timber tree in Europe, where outside the Boreal forest zone most commercial timber is now harvested from plantations or from managed forests in which other trees are suppressed. Forestry has expanded the range of this species considerably further west. The wood is used for pulpwood as well as construction, furniture (most of the popular 'pine' furniture is made with wood from Norway Spruce), and special uses like the sound boards of pianos and the bodies of guitars and violins. The famous Stradivarius violins were made with wood of Norway Spruce from the Alps.

In Europe this species is the most popular Christmas tree, a tradition that actually started in Germany, with the extensive afforestation beginning in the 18th century. Norway Spruce is not much planted as an amenity tree, but in horticulture more than 200 cultivars have been selected, with different habits including 'weeping', prostrate and dwarf forms, red, white or yellow flushing leaf forms, and (other) monstrosities. Threats [top] Major Threat(s): Picea | Article about Picea by The Free Dictionary Picea | Article about Picea by The Free Dictionary spruce, any plant of the genus Picea, evergreen trees or shrubs of the family Pinaceae ( pine pine, common name for members of the Pinaceae, a family of resinous woody trees with needlelike, usually evergreen leaves. The Pinaceae reproduce by means of cones (see cone) rather than flowers and many have winged seeds, suitable for wind distribution. ..... Click the link for more information. family) widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The needles are angular in cross section, rather than flattened as in the related hemlocks and firs.

The Norway spruce (P. abies), an important timber tree of Europe, is one of the most commonly cultivated evergreens. The Siberian spruce (P. obovata) grows in coniferous forests (taiga) of Russia and Siberia, the Oriental spruce (P. orientalis) is a major species of S Europe, and the yeddo spruce (P. jezoensis) of Manchuria and Japan is sometimes dwarfed and potted (see dwarf tree dwarf tree, in horticultural practice, a tree artificially kept to a smaller size than is normal for average members of the species. This is usually accomplished either by limiting its root space and food and by careful pruning or by grafting it on the rootstock of a smaller ..... Click the link for more information. ). North American spruces used for timber are the red spruce (P. rubens), white spruce (P. glauca), and black spruce (P. mariana) of the East; the Engelmann spruce (P. engelmanii) of the Rocky Mountain forests; and the Sitka spruce (P. sitchensis) of the Pacific forest belt.

Numerous spruces are cultivated as ornamentals; the most popular North American garden spruce is the frosty- or silvery-blue-needled Colorado blue spruce (P. pungens). Commercially, spruces are of particular value as a major source of pulpwood for the manufacture of paper. Wood of the various species is usually light, soft, and straight-grained and has been used for interior and exterior construction work, boats, airplanes, and woodenware. The bark is sometimes used for tanning, and some species yield a gum resin. Spruce beer has been made from the young shoots of the red spruce and the black spruce. Native Americans in the West have used spruce gum for caulking, the inner bark for food, and strips of spruce for weaving watertight mats and baskets. Spruce is classified in the division Pinophyta Pinophyta , division of the plant kingdom consisting of those organisms commonly called gymnosperms. The gymnosperms, a group that includes the pine, have stems, roots and leaves, and vascular, or conducting, tissue (xylem and phloem). ..... Click the link for more information.

, class Pinopsida, order Coniferales, family Pinaceae. spruce A white to light brown or red-brown, straight and even-grained wood; moderately low density and strength; relatively inexpensive; used for general utility lumber. See also: Masonite Spruce (Picea), a genus of coniferous evergreen trees of the pine family. Spruce is a prevalent forest species. The trunk is straight, and the crown thick and conical. The cones are four-sided, in some cases flattened and sharp, and can be preserved for five to seven years (and in some varieties, nine to 12). The anther microstrobiles are separate and either red or yellow. The pollen has two air sacs. The female cones are woody, drooping, and firmly attached. The seeds have a spoon-shaped wing. The root system of the spruces is superficial. Spruce can thrive in shade and cold winter, but are damaged by late spring and early summer frosts and by soot, factory smoke, and dry air.

Spruce trees live 250–300 years (some reach 500 years) and grow on fresh clayey, loamy, and sandy loam soils. Spruce is an ornamental tree. There are approximately 40 species found in Europe, Asia, and North America; eight grow in the USSR. In the European part from the northern forest boundary to the northern edge of the chernozem soil belt, the Norway spruce (P. abies or P. excelsa) prevails. This species reaches 20–50 m in height and a diameter of up to 1 m. It bears fruit at 15 years in natural growth and at 25–30 years in plantations. The cones grow to a length of 10–15 cm with scales that are rippled at the end. The wood is white, light, and soft; it is used in construction, in paper production, and for making musical instruments. The wood yields tar, pitch, turpentine, rosin, wood vinegar, and tanning substances. Spruce trees are usually cultivated in parks and planted in forest zones and along railroads and roadways. The Siberian spruce (P.

obovata) grows in the northeast European part of the Soviet Union, the Urals, and Siberia. It has smaller cones with solid scales. The Finnish Siberian spruce ‘(P. fennica) grows in northern Karelia; the oriental spruce (P. orientalis) in the Caucasus; the Schrenk spruce (P. schrenkiana), with a bluish coloration to the needles, in the Dzungarian Alatau and Tien-Shan; and the Korean spruce (P. koraiensis) and the flat-needled Yeddo spruce (P. ajanensis) in the Far East. REFERENCES Picea sitchensis 'Tenas' Picea sitchensis 'Tenas' Enter your e-mail address to receive our newsletter Picea sitchensis 'Tenas' 4 L 20 - 40 cm €11.50 Hover over image to zoom Common name: Dwarf sitka spruce Synonyms: - Publication: Gordon Bentham in 1981, Canada.

Origin: - Growth shape: Broad upright or oval Intensity of growth / year: Dwarf (5 – 15 cm) Adult size: 1 - 2 m Conifer color: Blue green Rootstock: Picea abies Conifers Garden pays special attention to the protection of rare conifer species. Our Webshop offers a wide variety of plants under international protection from various botanical gardens and arboretums. In addition to protection provided at the natural habitat we intend to contribute to the preservation of rare species by our activities. You may find the most important organizations of natural and environmental protection below: "The affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree...

As buds give rise by growth to fresh buds, and these if vigorous, branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch, so by generation I believe it has been with the great Tree of Life, which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth, and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications." Charles Darwin, 1859 Spruce (Picea) Genus Level Details & Allergy Info Home « Picea Spruce Genus Details Spruces have many horticulture forms but most varieties are 40-80' tall. All are rigidly upright, pyramidal, single-trunked trees. They are stiff in outline and many of them have rigidly held horizontal branches produced in circular growth patterns. Their cones all hang downward. Needles are evergreen and generally 1/2-3/4" long. Spruce have been used for a commercial timber tree as well as for Christmas trees. Spruce (Picea omorika) Blue spruce (Picea pungens) Spruce Allergy Info Members of the pine family pollinate profusely, contributing large numbers to pollen counts.

However, they are rarely considered a particularly allergenic pollen. Spruce Pollen Description Pine grains are large due to their sacs or bladders, which make them one of the easiest pollen grains to identify. These sacs also allow them to be carried great distances by the wind. Among winged grains, the body is subspheroidal to broadly ellipsoidal. The bladders are generally reticulate or occasionally smooth. Picea pollen grains can be as large as 160 micrometers. Species in This Genus Picea abies - Plant Finder Plant Finder Tried and Trouble-free Recommended by 6 Professionals Common Name: Norway spruce Height: 40.00 to 60.00 feet Spread: 25.00 to 30.00 feet Bloom Time: Non-flowering Garden locations Culture Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soils in full sun. Best in cold climates, and will not grow well south of USDA Zone 7. Noteworthy Characteristics Picea abies, commonly called Norway spruce, is a large pyramidal evergreen conifer that is native to the mountains of northern and central Europe east to the Urals.

In its native European habitat, it typically matures to 100-150' (occasionally to 200') tall. It has been widely planted in cool and temperate regions of North American where it typically matures to a much shorter 40-60' (less frequently to 100') tall. It is noted for its rapid growth. Primary branches are slightly upturned but secondary branches become pendulous as the tree matures. Branches are clad with spirally-arranged, four-sided, needle-like, deep green leaves which are attached at their bases to tiny pegs. Cylindrical seed bearing cones (to 9" long) are pendulous. In excess of 150 cultivars (mostly dwarf) have been named over the years. Cultivars can be very difficult to distinguish. Genus name is reportedly derived from the Latin word pix meaning pitch in reference to the sticky resin typically found in spruce bark. Specific epithet refers to its similarity to the genus Abies (fir). Problems No serious insect or disease problems. Garden Uses Evergreen tree for large lawns, parks or woodland areas. Effective screen or windbreak in cold northern climates.

Many dwarf cultivars of this species are available for foundation and rock garden plantings. Picea torano Conifer Record December 23, 2016 @ 18:22:33 by David Olszyk Quick Jump To another Picea Species: Picea torano, first described in 1893 by (Siebold ex K.Koch) Koehne, is commonly known as Tiger-tail spruce in the English language, as Tigerschwanz-Fichte in German and as ハリモミ (hari-momi, bara-momi torano-momi) in Japanese. Synonyms include Picea polita (Siebold et Zucc.) Carrière 1855. The name Picea polita is more often seen in most published floras and most horticultural texts than Picea torano, being the norm, at least until the early 21st century. artwork by Aljos Farjon Description.

Picea torano is a monoecious, evergreen coniferous tree which will grow to heights of 100 feet (30 m) tall with a 3 foot (100 cm) diameter at breast height. The bark is gray-brown, deeply fissured and peeling off in scales. Branchlets are stout, brown, glabrous, and deeply grooved. Leaves are stiff, hard, sharp-pointed (some consider them the sharpest among all the spruces), linear, quadrangular, ridged, 0.6 to 0.8 inch (15 – 20 mm) long, circa 0.1 inch (2.5 mm) across, deep green in color, with a band of stomata on each side. Mature trees generally flower in May and June, near the apex of previous year’s short shoots. Pollen cones are cylindric in shape, red-purple in color, with numerous microsporophylls.

Seed cones pendant, ovate-oblong in shape, green when young, maturing to brown in October, 2.75 to 4 inches (7 – 10 cm) long and 1.5 to 1.75 inches (4 – 4.5 cm) across. Cone scales are persistent, widely obovate, thinly woody, 0.7 to 0.9 inch (17 – 23 mm) long, 0.5 to 0.7 inch (14 – 18 mm) wide, irregularly denticulate on upper margin; bract scales very small and inconspicuous. Seeds are black-brown in color, obovate in shape, circa 0.24 inch (6 mm) long, 0.12 (3 mm) wide. Seed wings are brown in color, obovate in shape, circa 0.5 inch (13 mm) long and 0.28 inch (7 mm) wide. Distribution.

This species is native to Japan: from the Pacific Ocean side of Honshu island (westward from Fukushima Prefecture), Shikoku and Kyushu, in the mountains growing at elevations of 1,300 to 6,000 feet (400 – 1850 m) above sea level growing on volcanic soils. Its preferred climate is moist-maritime, with annual precipitation of over 40 inches (1,000 mm) with cold, snowy winters. It is hardy to USDA Zone 6 (cold hardiness limit between -10°F and 0°F /-23.2°C and -17.8°C) It occasionally forms pure stands but more often occurs in mixed stands with species such as Abies homolepis, Larix kaempferi, Pinus densiflora, Betula, Acer, Fagus, Quercus, Prunus, and Zelkova serrata. Attributed from: Iwatsuki K., Yamazaki T., Boufford, D.E., and Ohba H. (eds.). ©1995. Flora of Japan, Volume 1.

Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha. Pp. xv and 263-288. Table 3.--Index of common names of tree species Table 3.--Index of common names of tree species Common name Scientific name abelia, glossy Abelia chinensis var. grandiflora acacia Acacia spp.

acacia, Bailey Acacia baileyana acacia, catclaw Acacia greggii acacia, koa Acacia koa acacia, sweet Acacia farnesiana acacia, twisted Acacia tortuosa acacia, Wright Acacia wrightii ailanthus Ailanthus altissima alder, Arizona Alnus oblongifolia alder, hazel Alnus serrulata alder, mountain Alnus tenuifolia alder, seaside Alnus maritima alder, Sitka Alnus sinuata alder, smooth Alnus serrulata alder, speckled Alnus rugosa alder, thinleaf Alnus tenuifolia alder, white Alnus rhombifolia allspice, Carolina Calycanthus floridus allspice, hairy Calycanthus floridus almond, dwarf flowering Prunus glandulosa apple, common Pyrus malus apple, crab Pyrus spp.

apple, Oregon crab Pyrus fusca apple, prairie crab Pyrus ioensis apple, southern crab Pyrus angustifolia apple, sweet crab Pyrus coronaria apricot, desert Prunus fremontii apricot Prunus armeniaca aralia, Japanese Fatsia japonica arbor vitae, Chinese Thuja orientalis arbor vitae, oriental Thuja orientalis ardisia Ardisia japonica arrowwood, downy Viburnum pubescens arrowwood, maple leaved Viburnum acerifolium ash Fraxinus spp.

ash, black Fraxinus nigra ash, blue Fraxinus quadrangulata ash, Carolina Fraxinus caroliniana ash, European Fraxinus excelsior ash, fragrant Fraxinus cuspidata ash, green Fraxinus pennsylvanica ash, Gregg Fraxinus greggii ash, Oregon Fraxinus latifolia ash, pumpkin Fraxinus profunda ash, singleleaf Fraxinus anomala ash, Texas Fraxinus texensis ash, velvet Fraxinus velutina ash, white Fraxinus americana aspen, bigtooth Populus grandidentata aspen, quaking Populus tremuloides avocado Persea americana Bahama strongback Bourreria ovata baldcypress Taxodium distichum basswood, American Tilia americana basswood, Carolina Tilia caroliniana basswood, Florida Tilia floridana basswood, white Tilia heterophylla bayberry Myrica cerifera bayberry, Pacific Myrica californica bayberry, southern Myrica cerifera beech, American Fagus grandifolia beech, European Fagus sylvatica birch, black Betula lenta birch, bog Betula p

umila birch, cut leaf weeping Betula pendula birch, cut leaved Betula alba birch, European white Betula verrucosa birch, gray Betula populifolia birch, paper Betula papyrifera birch, red Betula nigra birch, river Betula nigra birch, sweet Betula lenta birch, water Betula occidentalis birch, yellow Betula alleghaniensis bitterbush Picramnia pentandra black calabash Amphitecna latifolia black haw Viburnum prunifolium black mangrove Avicennia germinans blue Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata blueblossom Ceanothus thyrsiflorus boxelder Acer negundo buckeye, California Aesculus californica buckeye, Ohio Aesculus glabra buckeye, painted Aesculus sylvatica buckeye, red Aesculus pavia buckeye, yellow Aesculus octandra buckthorn, California Rhamnus californica buckthorn, Carolina Rhamnus caroliniana buckthorn, cascara Rhamnus purshiana buckthorn, European Rhamnus cathart

ica buckthorn, glossy Rhamnus frangula buckwheat tree Cliftonia monophylla burningbush, eastern Euonymus atropurpureus burningbush, western Euonymus occidentalis butternut Juglans cinerea buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis cajeput tree Melaleuca quinquenervia camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora canella Canella winterana canotia Canotia holacantha catalpa Catalpa spp.

catalpa, hardy Catalpa speciosa catalpa, northern Catalpa speciosa catalpa, southern Catalpa bignonioides catclaw, Gregg Acacia greggii catclaw, Wright Acacia wrightii ceanothus Ceanothus maritimus ceanothus Ceanothus spp. ceanothus, feltleaf Ceanothus arboreus ceanothus, greenbark Ceanothus spinosus ceanothus, spiny Ceanothus spinosus Cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani cedar, Alaska Chamaecyparis nootkatensis cedar, Atlantic white Chamaecyparis thyoides cedar, Atlas Cedrus atlantica cedar, deodar Cedrus deodara cedar, Port Orford Chamaecyparis lawsoniana cercocarpus, alderleaf Cercocarpus montanus cercocarpus, birchleaf Cercocarpus betuloides cercocarpus, curlleaf Cercocarpus ledifolius cercocarpus, hairy Cercocarpus breviflorus cercocarpus, little Cercocarpus intricatus leaf cherry Prunus spp.

cherry laurel, common Prunus laurocerasus cherry, bitter Prunus emarginata cherry, black Prunus serotina cherry, Catalina Prunus lyonii cherry, European bird Prunus padus cherry, pin Prunus pensylvanica cherry, sand Prunus pumila cherry, sweet Prunus avium cherry, West Indies Prunus myrtifolia chestnut, American Castanea dentata China berry Melia azedarach chinkapin, Allegheny Castanea pumila chinkapin, giant Castanopsis chrysophylla chinkapin, Ozark Castanea ozarkensis chittamwood Bumelia lanuginosa chokecherry Prunus virginiana Christmasberry Heteromeles arbutifolia cliffrose Cowania mexicana coast beefwood Casuarina stricta coconut palm Cocos nucifera cocoplum Chrysobalanus icaco coffeetree, Kentucky Gymnocladus dioicus coralbean, eastern Erythrina herbacea coralbean, southeastern Erythrina herbacea corkwood Leitneria floridana cottonwood, black Populus trichocarpa

 cottonwood, eastern Populus deltoides cottonwood, Fremont Populus fremontii cottonwood, narrowleaf Populus angustifolia cottonwood, plains Populus sargentii cottonwood, swamp Populus heterophylla crabapple Pyrus spp.

cranberry bush Viburnum opulus cucumbertree Magnolia acuminata cypress pine, white Callitris glaucophylla cypress, Arizona Cupressus arizonica cypress, Baker Cupressus bakeri cypress, Gowen Cupressus goveniana cypress, Guadalupe Cupressus guadalupensis cypress, Leyland Cupressocyparis leylandii cypress, MacNab Cupressus macnabiana cypress, Monterey Cupressus macrocarpa cypress, Sargent Cupressus sargentii cypress, Tecate Cupressus guadalupensis cyrilla, swamp Cyrilla racemiflora dahoon Ilex cassine deer brush Ceanothus integerrimus desertwillow Chilopsis linearis devils walkingstick Aralia spinosa devilwood Osmanthus americanus dogwood Cornus spp.

dogwood, alternate leaf Cornus alternifolia dogwood, flowering Cornus florida dogwood, gray Cornus racemosa dogwood, Pacific Cornus nuttallii dogwood, red osier Cornus stolonifera dogwood, roughleaf Cornus drummondii dogwood, roundleaf Cornus rugosa doveplum Coccoloba diversifolia elder, American Sambucus canadensis elder, Pacific red Sambucus callicarpa elliottia Elliottia racemosa elm Ulmus spp. elm, American Ulmus americana elm, cedar Ulmus crassifolia elm, Chinese Ulmus parvifolia elm, European Ulmus procera elm, rock Ulmus thomasii elm, September Ulmus serotina elm, Siberian Ulmus pumila elm, slippery Ulmus rubra elm, water Planera aquatica elm, winged Ulmus alata elm, Wych Ulmus glabra eucalyptus Eucalyptus spp.

eucalyptus, bluegum Eucalyptus globulus eucalyptus, horncap Eucalyptus tereticornis eucalyptus, silver Eucalyptus cinerea dollar euonymus, evergreen Euonymus japonicus falsebox Gyminda latifolia falsebox, West Indies Gyminda latifolia fig, benjamin Ficus benjamina fig, common Ficus carica fig, fiddle leaf Ficus lyrata fig, Florida strangler Ficus aurea filbert, European Corylus avellana fir, balsam Abies balsamea fir, bigcone Douglas Pseudotsuga macrocarpa fir, blue Chinese Cunninghamia lanceolata fir, bristlecone Abies bracteata fir, California red Abies magnifica fir, California white Abies lowiana fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii fir, Fraser Abies fraseri fir, grand Abies grandis fir, Manchurian Abies holophylla fir, noble Abies procera fir, Pacific silver Abies amabilis fir, Rocky Mountain Abies bifolia alpine fir, Sierra white Abies lowiana fir, subalpine

 Abies lasiocarpa fir, white Abies concolor fire thorn Pyracantha coccinea fishpoison tree, Piscidia piscipula Florida Florida fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum Florida silverpalm Coccothrinax argentata fringe tree Chionanthus virginicus gallberry, large Ilex coriacea geiger tree Cordia sebestena ginko Ginkgo biloba Grevillea Grevillea 'noellii' guava, common Psidium guajava Guiana plum Drypetes lateriflora guiana rapanea Rapanea guianensis gum bumelia Bumelia lanuginosa gum, black Nyssa sylvatica gum, cider Eucalyptus gunnii gum, desert Eucalyptus rudis gum, red Eucalyptus camaldulensis gum, silver dollar Eucalyptus polyanthemos gumbo limbo Bursera simaruba hackberry, dwarf Celtis tenuifolia hackberry, Georgia Celtis tenuifolia hackberry, northern Celtis occidentalis Hakea Hakea spp.

hawthorn Crataegus spp.

hawthorn, barberry Crataegus berberifolia hawthorn, barberryleaf Crataegus berberifolia hawthorn, Biltmore Crataegus intricata hawthorn, black Crataegus douglasii hawthorn, blueberry Crataegus brachyacantha hawthorn, cockspur Crataegus crus-galli hawthorn, downy Crataegus mollis hawthorn, English Crataegus oxyacantha hawthorn, frosted Crataegus pruinosa hawthorn, littlehip Crataegus spathulata hawthorn, oneseed Crataegus monogyna hawthorn, parsley Crataegus marshallii hawthorn, riverflat Crataegus opaca hawthorn, scarlet Crataegus coccinea hawthorn, willow Crataegus saligna hazelnut, American Corylus americana hazelnut, beaked Corylus cornuta hemlock, Carolina Tsuga caroliniana hemlock, eastern Tsuga canadensis hemlock, mountain

 Tsuga mertensiana hemlock, western Tsuga heterophylla Hercules club Zanthoxylum clava-herculis hibiscus, Chinese Hibiscus rosa-sinensis hibiscus, sea Hibiscus tiliaceus hickory Carya spp.

hickory, bitternut Carya cordiformis hickory, black Carya texana hickory, mockernut Carya tomentosa hickory, nutmeg Carya myristiciformis hickory, pignut Carya glabra hickory, red Carya ovalis hickory, sand Carya pallida hickory, scrub Carya floridana hickory, shagbark Carya ovata hickory, shellbark Carya laciniosa hickory, water Carya aquatica holly, American Ilex opaca holly, English Ilex aquifolium holly, tawnyberry Ilex krugiana honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos hophornbeam, eastern Ostrya virginiana hophornbeam, Knowlton Ostrya knowltonii hoptree, common Ptelea trifoliata hornbeam, American Carpinus caroliniana horsechestnut Aesculus hippocastanum horsetail casuarina Casuarina equisetifolia horsetail tree Casuarina equisetifolia huisache Acacia farnesiana huisachillo Acacia tortuosa

 incense cedar Calocedrus decurrens inkberry Ilex glabra inkwood Exothea paniculata ironbark, red Eucalyptus sideroxylon ironbark, white Eucalyptus leucoxylon Jamaica caper Capparis cynophallophora jasmine, winter Jasminum nudiflorum Jerusalem thorn Parkinsonia aculeata juniper, alligator Juniperus deppeana juniper, Ashe Juniperus ashei juniper, California Juniperus californica juniper, common Juniperus communis juniper, drooping Juniperus flaccida juniper, one seed Juniperus monosperma juniper, Pinchot Juniperus pinchotii juniper, redberry Juniperus pinchotii juniper, redberry Juniperus erythrocarpa juniper, Rocky Mountain Juniperus scopulorum juniper, Utah Juniperus osteosperma juniper, western Juniperus occidentalis larch, European Larix decidua larch, subalpine Larix lyallii larch, western Larix occidentalis laurel, California Umbellularia californica laurelcherry, Carolina

 Prunus caroliniana leadwood Krugiodendron ferreum lemon Citrus limon lemonade berry Rhus integrifolia lime Citrus aurantifolia linden, European Tilia europaea linden, little leaf Tilia cordata loblolly bay Gordonia lasianthus locust Robinia spp.

locust, black Robinia pseudoacacia locust, clammy Robinia viscosa locust, honey Gleditsia triacanthos locust, New Mexico Robinia neomexicana locust, water Gleditsia aquatica loquat tree Eriobotrya japonica Lyontree Lyonothamnus floribundus lysiloma, Bahama Lysiloma latisiliquum madrone, Arizona Arbutus arizonica madrone, Pacific Arbutus menziesii madrone, Texas Arbutus texana magnolia, Ashe Magnolia ashei magnolia, bigleaf Magnolia macrophylla magnolia, cucumber Magnolia acuminata magnolia, Fraser Magnolia fraseri magnolia, pyramid Magnolia pyramidata magnolia, southern Magnolia grandiflora magnolia, umbrella Magnolia tripetala mahogany, West Indies Swietenia mahogani manchineel Hippomane mancinella mangrove, button Conocarpus erectus mangrove, red Rhizophora mangle mangrove, white Laguncularia racemosa maple, Amur Acer ginnala maple, bigleaf Acer macrophyllum maple, bigtooth Acer grandidentatum

 maple, black Acer nigrum maple, boxelder Acer negundo maple, canyon Acer grandidentatum maple, chalk Acer leucoderme maple, Florida Acer barbatum maple, fullmoon Acer japonicum maple, hedge Acer campestre maple, Japanese Acer palmatum maple, mountain Acer spicatum maple, Norway Acer platanoides maple, red Acer rubrum maple, Rocky Mountain Acer glabrum maple, silver Acer saccharinum maple, striped Acer pensylvanicum maple, sugar Acer saccharum maple, sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus maple, Tatar Acer tataricum maple, vine Acer circinatum marlberry Ardisia escallonioides mastic, false Mastichodendron foetidissimum mazzard Prunus avium medlar, Chinese Photinia serrulata medlar, European Mespilus germanica melaleuca, lilac Melaleuca decussata mescalbean Sophora secundiflora mesquite, honey Prosopis glandulosa mesquite, screwbean Prosopis pubescens Mexican alvaradoa Alvaradoa amorphoides mountain ash, American Sorbus americana mountain ash, European

 Sorbus aucuparia mulberry, black Morus nigra mulberry, paper Broussonetia papyrifera mulberry, red Morus rubra mulberry, Russian Morus alba var.

tatarica mulberry, Texas Morus microphylla mulberry, white Morus alba myrtle of the river Calyptranthes zuzygium nannyberry Viburnum lentago nectarine Prunus persica oak Quercus spp.

oak, Arizona gray Quercus grisea oak, Arizona white Quercus arizonica oak, bear Quercus ilicifolia oak, black Quercus velutina oak, blackjack Quercus marilandica oak, blue Quercus douglasii oak, bluejack Quercus cinerea oak, bluejack Quercus incana oak, bluff Quercus austrina oak, bur Quercus macrocarpa oak, California black Quercus kelloggii oak, California red Quercus kelloggii oak, California white Quercus lobata oak, canyon live Quercus chrysolepis oak, Chapman Quercus chapmanii oak, cherrybark Quercus pagoda oak, chestnut Quercus prinus oak, chinkapin Quercus muehlenbergii oak, coast live Quercus agrifolia oak, cork Quercus suber oak, Darlington Quercus hemisphaerica oak, Durand Quercus durandii oak, Emory Quercus emoryi oak, Engelmann Quercus engelmannii oak, Gambel Quercus gambelii oak, gray Quercus grisea oak

, interior live Quercus wislizenii oak, laurel Quercus laurifolia oak, live Quercus virginiana oak, Mexican blue Quercus oblongifolia oak, myrtle Quercus myrtifolia oak, northern pin Quercus ellipsoidalis oak, northern red Quercus rubra oak, Nuttall Quercus nuttallii oak, Oglethorpe Quercus oglethorpensis oak, Oregon white Quercus garryana oak, overcup Quercus lyrata oak, pin Quercus palustris oak, post Quercus stellata oak, sand post Quercus margaretta oak, scarlet Quercus coccinea oak, shingle Quercus imbricaria oak, Shumard Quercus shumardii oak, silverleaf Quercus hypoleucoides oak, southern red Quercus falcata oak, swamp chestnut Quercus michauxii oak, swamp white Quercus bicolor oak, turkey (scrub) Quercus laevis oak, valley Quercus lobata oak, water Quercus nigra oak, white Quercus alba

 oak, willow Quercus phellos olive Olea europaea olive, Russian Elaeagnus angustifolia orange Citrus sinensis orange, Osage Maclura pomifera oysterwood Gymnanthes lucida pagoda tree, Japanese Sophora japonica pale lidflower Calyptranthes pallens palm, buccaneer Pseudophoenix sargentii palm, California Washingtonia filifera palm, coconut Cocos nucifera palm, Manila Adonidia merrillii palm, paurotis Acoelorrhaphe wrightii palm, queen Arecastrum romanzoffianum palm, wine Caryota urens palmetto, cabbage Sabal palmetto paloverde, blue Cercidium floridum paloverde, yellow Cercidium microphyllum papaya Carica papaya paradise tree Simarouba glauca parasoltree, Chinese Firmiana simplex paulownia, royal Paulownia tomentosa pawpaw Asimina triloba peach Prunus persica pear Pyrus communis pecan Carya illinoensis pepperbush Clethra spp.

pepperbush, sweet Clethra alnifolia peppermint, white Eucalyptus pulchella peppertree, California Schinus molle persimmon, common Diospyros virginiana persimmon, Texas Diospyros texana photinia Photinia spp.

photinia, Japanese Photinia glabra pigeonplum Coccoloba diversifolia pinckneya Pinckneya pubens pine, Aleppo Pinus halepensis pine, Apache Pinus engelmannii pine, Austrian Pinus nigra pine, bishop Pinus muricata pine, bristlecone Pinus aristata pine, Coulter Pinus coulteri pine, Digger Pinus sabiniana pine, eastern white Pinus strobus pine, foxtail Pinus balfouriana pine, intermountain Pinus longaeva bristlecone pine, Italian stone Pinus pinea pine, jack Pinus banksiana pine, Japanese black Pinus thunbergiana pine, Jeffrey Pinus jeffreyi pine, knobcone Pinus attenuata pine, limber Pinus flexilis pine, loblolly Pinus taeda pine, lodgepole Pinus contorta pine, longleaf Pinus palustris pine, Monterey Pinus radiata pine, pitch Pinus rigida pine, pond Pinus serotina pine, ponderosa Pinus ponderosa pine, red Pinus resinosa pine, sand Pinus clausa pine, Scotch Pinus sylvestris pine, Scots Pinus

 sylvestris pine, shortleaf Pinus echinata pine, slash Pinus elliottii pine, southwestern Pinus strobiformis white pine, spruce Pinus glabra pine, sugar Pinus lambertiana pine, Swiss mountain Pinus mugo pine, table mountain Pinus pungens pine, Torrey Pinus torreyana pine, Virginia Pinus virginiana pine, Washoe Pinus washoensis pine, western white Pinus monticola pine, whitebark Pinus albicaulis pinyon Pinus edulis pinyon, border Pinus discolor pinyon, Mexican Pinus cembroides pinyon, Parry Pinus quadrifolia pinyon, singleleaf Pinus monophylla pistache, Texas Pistacia texana pistachio Pistacia vera planetree, Oriental Platanus orientalis plum, Allegheny Prunus alleghaniensis plum, American Prunus americana plum, beach Prunus maritima plum, Canada Prunus nigra plum, Chickasaw Prunus angustifolia plum, common Prunus domestica plum, darling Reynosia septentrionalis plum, flatwoods Prunus

 umbellata plum, Guiana Drypetes lateriflora plum, hortulan Prunus hortulana plum, Japanese Prunus japonica plum, Klamath Prunus subcordata plum, Mexican Prunus mexicana plum, purple leaved Prunus cerasifera var.

pissardi plum, wildgoose Prunus munsoniana poisontree, Florida Metopium toxiferum pomegranate Punica granatum pond apple Annona glabra poplar Populus spp. poplar, balsam Populus balsamifera poplar, Lombardy Populus nigra var.

italica poplar, tulip Liriodendron tulipifera poplar, white Populus alba poplar, yellow Liriodendron tulipifera possum haw Ilex decidua prickly ash, common Zanthoxylum americanum prickly ash, lime Zanthoxylum fagara princewood Exostema caribaeum princewood, Caribbean Exostema caribaeum privet, swamp Forestiera acuminata quince Cydonia oblonga quince, Japanese Chaenomeles lagenaria rapanea, guiana Rapanea guianensis redbay Persea borbonia redbud, California Cercis occidentalis redbud, eastern Cercis canadensis redbud, western Cercis occidentalis redcedar, eastern Juniperus virginiana redcedar, western Thuja plicata redwood, coast Sequoia sempervirens redwood, dawn Metasequoia glyptostroboides rose Rosa spp.

rose, climbing prairie Rosa setigera rose, Macartney Rosa bracteata rose, sweetbriar Rosa eglanteria roseberry Juniperus coahuilensis roughbark lignumvitae Guaiacum sanctum royalpalm, Florida Roystonea elata rubber tree, India Ficus elastica Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia rustica rubra Magnolia soulangeana saguaro Cereus giganteus sassafras Sassafras albidum satinleaf Chrysophyllum oliviforme satinwood, West Indies Zanthoxylum flavum seagrape Coccoloba uvifera sequoia, giant Sequoiadendron giganteum serviceberry Amelanchier spp.

serviceberry, downy Amelanchier arborea serviceberry, eastern Amelanchier canadensis serviceberry, smooth Amelanchier laevis serviceberry, western Amelanchier alnifolia Siberian pea tree Caragana arborescens silk oak Grevillea robusta silk tassel Garrya fremontii silk tree Albizia julibrissin silver bell Halesia carolina silverbell, Carolina Halesia carolina sloe Prunus spinosa smokethorn Dalea spinosa smoke tree Cotinus coggygria smoketree, American Cotinus obovatus snowberry Symphoricarpos albus soapberry, Florida Sapindus marginatus soapberry, western Sapindus drummondii soapberry, wingleaf Sapindus saponaria soldierwood Colubrina elliptica sophora, Texas Sophora affinis sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum spicebush Lindera benzoin spindle tree, European Euonymus europaeus spirea Spirea bumalda spruce Picea spp.

spruce, black Picea mariana spruce, blue Picea pungens spruce, Brewer Picea brewerana spruce, dwarf Alberta Picea glauca var.

albertiana spruce, Engelmann Picea engelmannii spruce, Norway Picea abies spruce, red Picea rubens spruce, Sitka Picea sitchensis spruce, tigertail Picea polita spruce, white Picea glauca Stewartia Stewartia koreana Stewartia, mountain Stewartia ovata strawberry tree Arbutus unedo sugarberry Celtis laevigata sumac, lemonade Rhus integrifolia sumac, poison Toxicodendron vernix sumac, shining Rhus copallina sumac, smooth Rhus glabra sumac, staghorn Rhus typhina sweetbay Magnolia virginiana sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua sweetleaf, common Symplocos tinctoria sycamore Platanus occidentalis sycamore, American Platanus occidentalis sycamore, Arizona Platanus wrightii sycamore, California Platanus racemosa Sydney golden wattle Acacia longifolia tallowtree, Chinese Sapium sebiferum tallowwood Ximenia americana tamarack Larix laricina tamer

isk, smallflower Tamarix parviflora tanoak Lithocarpus densiflorus tesota Olneya tesota thatchpalm, brittle Thrinax microcarpa thatchpalm, Jamaica Thrinax parviflora torchwood Amyris elemifera torreya, California Torreya californica torreya, Florida Torreya taxifolia toyon Heteromeles arbutifolia tree lyonia Lyonia ferruginea tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima trema, Florida Trema micrantha tulip poplar Liriodendron tulipifera tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera tung oil tree Aleurites fordii tupelo, black Nyssa sylvatica tupelo, Ogeechee Nyssa ogeche tupelo, swamp Nyssa biflora tupelo, water Nyssa aquatica vauquelinia, Torrey Vauquelinia californica velvetseed, elliptic Guettarda elliptica leaf velvetseed, roughleaf Guettarda scabra viburnum Viburnum tomentosum viburnum, leatherleaf Viburnum rhytidophyllum vib

urnum, oval leafed Viburnum ellipticum wahoo, eastern Euonymus atropurpureus wahoo, western Euonymus occidentalis walnut, Arizona Juglans major walnut, black Juglans nigra walnut, Hinds Juglans hindsii walnut, little Juglans microcarpa walnut, northern Juglans hindsii California walnut, southern Juglans californica California waterlocust Gleditsia aquatica waxmyrtle, Pacific Myrica californica wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana white cedar, northern Thuja occidentalis wild dilly Manilkara bahamensis willow Salix spp.

willow bustic Dipholis salicifolia willow, arroyo Salix lasiolepis willow, basket Salix viminalis willow, Bebb Salix bebbiana willow, black Salix nigra willow, Bonpland Salix bonplandiana willow, coastal plain Salix caroliniana willow, crack Salix fragilis willow, diamond Salix eriocephala willow, feltleaf Salix alaxensis willow, golden weeping Salix alba var.

tristis willow, heart leaved Salix cordata willow, Hooker Salix hookerana willow, laurel leaved Salix pentandra willow, Mackenzie Salix mackenzieana willow, Pacific Salix lasiandra willow, peachleaf Salix amygdaloides willow, pussy Salix discolor willow, red Salix laevigata willow, sandbar Salix exigua willow, Scouler Salix scoulerana willow, shining Salix lucida willow, weeping Salix babylonica willow, white Salix alba willow, yewleaf Salix taxifolia winterberry, common Ilex verticillata winterberry, mountain Ilex montana witchhazel Hamamelis virginiana yaupon Ilex vomitoria yellow poplar Liriodendron tulipifera yellowwood Cladrastis lutea yew, Florida Taxus floridana yew, Pacific Taxus brevifolia

Question: The species name Picea as in Picea Abies and Picea Sitchensis has the common English name for which tree ?
Answer: SPRUCE