Georgian Index - Carriages -from the Duke of Clarence. A coach with curved glass front, fully paneled body with elliptic springs at the front and both elliptic and C-springs at the rear. coach: -from French coche - Hungarian kocsi; A four-wheel closed vehicle of considerable size drawn by four or six horses. It is applied to a vehicle with fixed head, doors and windows. Coach dog: A Dalmatian dog raised in the stable with the coach team so that the dog is attached to the horses and protective of the team and carriage. The dog is trained to run under the back axles of a coach and to protect the carriage on outings and the team in the stable. Dalmatian coach dogs were considered living ornamental accessories to a carriage and were the first "car alarms." Coachman: In the stables of wealthy European countries, the head coachman held a position of authority, controlling a staff of underlings ranging from under coachman to stable boy, each with clearly defined duties and distinctive clothing. Even families without claim to a coat-of-arms would provide livery for their coachmen and grooms.

The coachmen's garb included a greatcoat with one or more shoulder capes to lead rain off the shoulders. cocking cart: A high seat two wheeler with a small box body for the carrying of fighting cocks. This style, and that of the dog cart, became the basis for many of the commercial carts used from Georgian thru Victorian Britain. coupé: --from French couper-to cut, used originally to denote cut down coach bodies. Later used to signify a larger vehicle similar to a Brougham, yet smaller than a Clarence. curate cart: -A small one horse type of two wheeled cart. curricle: -from Latin curriculum-racecourse for chariots and currere-to run as in careen; a chaise or showy carriage with two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast with a bar across the backs of the horses to carry the weight of the pole. dasher: Holmes earned an entry in the Oxford English Dictionary for this use of the term for "dashboard", the carriage part under and in front of the driver's feet that protects against flying dirt kicked up by the horse's hooves.

Dog Cart: It was made with a ventilated compartment used to carry sporting dogs such as greyhounds to a coursing event. Similarly the Cocking Cart was used to accommodate fighting cocks. Again, as in the case of the Dog-Cart, these carriages developed into pleasure carts and were rarely used to transport either cocks or hounds. This kind of vehicle would normally have been driven in tandem and that's the reason for its height. This characteristic also makes it a difficult carriage to drive and it could easily have been thrown out of balance by any sudden movement of the groom in the rear. exercising cart: A light road cart used merely for exercising horses. gig: -A light carriage, with one pair of wheels suspended on thoroughbraces, drawn by one horse. Later versions are the curricle, cabriolet, Dennet, Stanhope, and Tilbury. The Stanhope was a small two seater designed by Fitzroy Stanhope, the second son to the Third Earl Stanhope. It was suspended on four springs to provide a smoother ride. By 1830 it was a popular vehicle for trips between the suburbs and the city. groom: -A male servant employed to care for horses.

He might accompany a carriage on an outing to look after the horses while the owner was away from the horse and carriage. Curricles had a small seat at the back of the carriage to accommodate a groom. His duties included currying, saddling or harnessing, feeding and watering the horses, and oiling their harness. A groom in a large establishment would answer to a head groom with the head coachman as the overall director of the stable. hansom : The Hansom Cab derives its name from its inventor, Joseph Hansom, an English architect, who patented the design in 1834. It is a low-hung "safety cab" or hackney carriage with two wheels, seating two persons and having an elevated seat behind for the driver. The driver could open and shut the passenger doors from where he sat. landau: A closed carriage of German origin. A coach with two seats and a head in two sections which may be opened and folded back, drop windows to make it an open carriage in good weather. Mail coach : -The official mail coaches, which plied a certain route carrying mail and passengers with stops at specific coaching Inns on the way.

They are very large coaches with a seat for the driver in front and additional seats for passengers on top and at the rear. Usually pulled by a team of six horses, which are changed at the regular post stops so they can run all the way. Park Drag: -A large private coach with a seat for two footmen at the rear used for traveling or formal occasions.The Park Drag is a derivative of the earlier English Mail Coach and Road Coach which crisscrossed Britain by the hundreds, carrying passengers and mail in the late 18th and early 19th century. The mail coach so captured the imagination of people of the time that the coach, coachman, and Mail Guard became celebrities. It became fashionable for young men to buy up coaches to drive for sport and play. After the Mail Coach was replaced by the railroad even more people acquired the out of use Mail Coaches. It became so popular that a Four-in-Hand Club was formed in London in the early 19th century and driving meets were often held in Hyde Park even more coaching associations were formed by late in the Century.

The coaches used by the members began to be referred to as "Park Coaches." phaeton: -from Greek phaethon-to shine; 1. A character in mythology: a boy who tried to drive the sun chariot, who was destroyed by Jupiter with a thunderbolt to prevent him from setting the world on fire. 2. A light four-wheeled carriage with open sides in front of the seat, generally drawn by one horse. The term was first applied to classify a carriage during that 18th and early 19th century period in France when it was so fashionable to use classical pseudonyms. Usage of the term spread quickly to England and America. There are few distinguishing characteristics that can restrict the use of the term -- perhaps only that it is an owner driven vehicle with no coachman's seat and that it nearly always includes some sort of top that would shelter, at least, the driver. The picture shows a variation referred to as a Crane Necked Phaeton This style, a "High Perch" phaeton, cornered well for such a tall carriage, being well sprung, and was popular with sporting drivers, or those interested in fast driving.

George IV Phaeton: Various phaetons, termed George IV Phaetons were manufactured by many builders in both England and America. The basic design was copied from a carriage that was originally made for King George IV of England in 1824. The King was then elderly and grown very heavy. He still wanted to drive his own carriage on occasion and asked that one be built that would allow him easy entry. As ladies began to drive more commonly this design appealed to them because of this ease of access. After a time, carriages of this design-type were often referred to as Ladies Phaetons. Postillion: -A man who rides the left or lead horse of a pair, especially the lead pair drawing a vehicle, in order to better control the lead pair of horses. The postillion may aid a coachman with six-horse teams as shown in the illustration. In the case of a post-chaise he guides the team in place of a coachman by riding the leader. From Travel in England by Thomas Burke, London: B. T. Batsford, Ltd., p.

104: He [Prince Puckler-Muskau, who toured England in 1826] found our postillions smart and accomplished, and noted that they were all men of small stature and light weight (like a jockey). Postillions (or post-boys, as they were called, though many of them were grey-haired) had a livery of their own. This was a short single-color jacket, a shiny white hat, white cord breeches, top-boots, white stock [neckcloth], and yellow waistcoat with pearl buttons. At all the posting-houses, horses in pairs were kept ready in harness day and night, and the post-boys themselves had to be fully dressed during the day if they were the 'next turn-out.' Most houses kept ten or a dozen post-boys, who went out in rotation. Stanley Harris, in his Old Coaching Days, quotes a set of printed rules that hung in the yard of a famous posting-house.

One of them was 'That the first and second turn post-boy shall be always booted and spurred, with their horses ready harnessed, from eight o'clock in the morning until seven o'clock at night.' rig: Horse-drawn vehicle H Horse-drawn vehicle Horse -drawn vehicles were once common worldwide, but they have mostly been replaced by automobiles and other forms of self-propelled transport. General A two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle is a cart (see various types below, both for carrying people and for goods). Four-wheeled vehicles have many names – one for heavy loads is most commonly called a wagon . Very light carts and wagons can also be pulled by donkeys (much smaller than horses ), ponies or mules . Other smaller animals are occasionally used, such as large dogs , llamas and goats (see draught animals ). Heavy wagons, carts and agricultural implements can also be pulled by other large draught animals such as oxen , water buffalo, yaks or even camels and elephants. Vehicles pulled by one animal (or by animals in tandem – single file) have two shafts which attach either side of the rearmost animal (the wheel animal or wheeler).

Vehicles pulled by a pair (or by a team of several pairs) have a pole which attaches between the wheel pair. Other arrangements are also possible, for example three or more abreast (a troika ), a wheel pair with a single lead animal (a "unicorn"), or a wheel pair with three lead animals abreast (a "pickaxe"). Very heavy loads sometimes had an additional team behind to slow the vehicle down steep hills. Sometimes at a steep hill with frequent traffic such a team would be hired to passing wagons to help them up or down the hill. Two-wheeled vehicles are balanced by the distribution of weight of the load (driver, passengers and goods) over the axle, and then held level by the animal – this means that the shafts (or sometimes a pole for two animals) must be fixed rigidly to the vehicle's body. Four-wheeled vehicles remain level on their own, and so the shafts or pole are hinged vertically, allowing them to rise and fall with the movement of the animals. A four-wheeled vehicle is also steered by the shafts or pole, which are attached to the front axle; this swivels on a turntable or "fifth wheel" beneath the vehicle.

Vehicles primarily for carrying people Road Ambulance : Much the same purpose as the modern sense. Details of the design varied but would be a lightly-built and well-sprung, enclosed vehicle with provision for seated casualties and stretchers. Barouche : An elegant, high-slung, open carriage with a seat in the rear of the body and a raised bench at the front for the driver, a servant. Berlin Sleigh: a vehicle with runners for use in snow (or when delivering children's presents). Spider phaeton Sprung cart: A light, two-wheeled vehicle with springing, for informal passenger use. Its name varied according to the body mounted on it. See dog cart, gig, governess cart, jaunting car , and trap. Stagecoach : A public coach travelling in timetabled stages between stables which supply fresh horses. Stanhope (carriage): A light, open, one-seated carriage: originally with two wheels, later also with four. State Coach: A very grand coach used for royal state occasions. For example, Gold State Coach, Irish State Coach and Scottish State Coach. Sulky : a very light two-wheeled cart for one person, especially used for harness racing .

Surrey Tarantass or Tarantas Tilbury Training cart or training trap: A simple sprung or unsprung two-person modern cart for training a harness horse on smooth roads. Often made of steel with motorcycle wheels, and sometimes with adjustable shafts for different-sized horses. Trap: An open sprung cart. Often used in a general sense to cover any small passenger-carrying cart. Troika : A sleigh drawn by three horses harnessed abreast. Occasionally, a similar wheeled vehicle. Vardo (gypsy wagon): A vardo is a traditional horse-drawn wagon used by English Romani Gypsies. Victoria: A one-horse carriage with a front-facing bench seat. The body was slung low, in front of the back axle. Driven by a servant. Village cart Vis-à-vis Voiturette Wagonette: a four-wheeled vehicle for carrying people, usually with a forward-facing seat at the front and two rows of inward-facing seats behind. Whim Horsecar (also streetcar, US name, or tram, outside the US) Waterway Fly boat: A canal boat which changed horses at stages and could therefore keep moving, care being taken to maximize its speed.

Vehicles primarily for carrying goods Road Bow wagon: A simple agricultural wagon with laths bowed over the wheels in the manner of mudguards, to keep bulky loads such as straw from contact with them. An Australian design. Un-sprung cart: A simple two-wheeled vehicle for workaday use in carrying bulk loads. It was usually drawn by one horse. Chasse-marée: A four-horse adaptation of the cart principle for the rapid delivery of fish to French markets. Conestoga wagon: A large, curved-bottom wagon for carrying commercial or government freight. See covered wagon. Dray : Particularly in Australia and New Zealand, an un-sprung cart. In Britain, even in the 18th century, the name came to be associated with brewers ' deliveries so that the later vehicle that was more correctly called a trolley also came to be known as a brewer's dray. These are still seen at horse shows in Britain. Also a sledge used for moving felled trees in the same way as the wheeled skidder. (See implements, below). It could be used in woodland, apparently with or without snow, but was useful on frozen lakes and waterways.

[OED] Float: A light, two-wheeled domestic delivery vehicle with the centre of its axle cranked downward to allow low-loading and easy access to the goods. It was used particularly for milk delivery. Lorry: A low-loading platform body with four small wheels mounted underneath it. The driver's seat was mounted on the headboard. Mail coach: A stagecoach primarily for the carriage of mail, though also carrying passengers. Mophrey: An un-sprung cart which could be extended forwards with the addition of front wheels. It was used by small farmers as and when dense or bulky loads were to be carried (muck-spreading and harvest). An eastern English design. Pantechnicon van: Originally, a van used by The Pantechnicon for delivering goods to its customers. Prairie schooner : The name given years later to the canvas-topped farm wagons used by North American settlers to move their families and capital goods westward. See covered wagon and Conestoga wagon. Telega Travois: A very simple sledge used for moving relatively small loads, consisting of a pair of shafts dragging on the ground. Trolley: Like a lorry, but with slightly larger wheels and slightly higher deck.

The driver's seat was mounted on the headboard. Trolley and lift van: A standardized trolley and a lift van, a standardized box, designed to fit each other or any other of the same sort. The lift van was the direct counterpart of the modern container in the materials and size appropriate to its time. Wagon : See also twenty mule team Wain Railway Rubbish wagon or slab wagon or slate wagon: A small, four-wheeled truck used for carrying blocks of slate out of a quarry . Dandy waggon: A special rail car on a gravity train used to transport the horse while coasting down a hill. Waterway Broad boat: Used on the broad (14 ft) canals of Britain and towed from the tow path. Flatboat : A canal boat of simple box-shaped design used on nineteenth century American waterways. Horse-drawn boat: A general term relating to broad or narrow canal boats for passenger or freight carriage. Narrowboat : Used on the narrow (7 ft) canals of Britain and towed from the tow path. Slow boat: A canal boat which used only one team of horses which must stop each night to rest.

Horse Drawn Carriage Types Horse Drawn Carriage Types July 13, 2010 By: Rosemary Gemmell Horse drawn carriages were in widespread use from the 18th century until the early 1900s. The carriages came in a variety of types, from public stagecoach to elegant private vehicles. The original carriages of the 17th century were basic vehicles without springs. By the Regency era of the early 1800s, more comfortable horse drawn carriages were in use. Some were a luxury only the wealthy could afford; others were available for hire, complete with horses. Horse drawn carriages were popular in the Regency period. Hackney Coach The hackney coach did not have springs. The hackney coach was one of the first types of horse drawn carriages, popular during the 17th century. According to curator Sharon Wagoner, on the Jane Austen Centre website, the original hackney was for hire and consisted of a “primitive springless box on wheels” pulled by one horse and a driver. Each coach had a license and number plate and was strictly regulated.

The hackney eventually gave way to the cabriolet in the early 19th century. Stagecoach The stagecoach carried several passengers. The stagecoach was one of the most important horse-drawn carriages in the 19th century. A heavy vehicle, it was pulled by four or six horses and provided seating for six passengers on the inside, with cheaper seats on the roof. Making regular runs between London and most large towns, the coach stopped at stages to put down and collect passengers, change horses or make an overnight stop at an inn. Post Chaise The post chaise was an elegant carriage. Lighter then the stagecoach, the post chaise was drawn by two or four horses and had curved springs and leather straps. It was superior to traveling by public coach, but only well-to-do gentry could afford to run this carriage. Post boys took charge of horses, with one boy riding each pair. Barouche The barouche carried four people. An open, 4-wheeled vehicle, the elegant barouche was a French design and carried two passengers on either side. One small folding hood protected only the people on that side of the carriage.

The barouche was an exclusive carriage for wealthy aristocrats, although people often hired them for outings. Brougham The brougham was drawn by one or two horses. Used in England from around 1838, and named after its designer Lord Brougham, the brougham resembled an elegant, box-like coach. It conveyed two passengers and was used around town, drawn by one or two horses. A double brougham, called a Clarence, was available to carry four passengers. Gig and Curricle One horse pulled the 2-wheeled gig. The gig was a light 2-wheeled cart pulled by one horse. A type of gig with a hood was known as a cabriolet, later called a cab, giving rise to the word cabby. The curricle was a sporty, vehicle drawn by two horses with a seat behind for the liveried groom, known as the tiger. Hansom Cab The hansom cab was popular in Victorian times. Named after its inventor, Joseph Hansom, the hansom cab was popular from the Victorian period right into the 20th century. It was a small carriage with the cabby situated on a raised seat at the back.

A high step took two passengers into an intimate, but stuffy, interior. Landau The landau had a hood in two sections. The landau was named after a German town and was a carriage with a hood in two sections, which could be lowered in good weather. The coachman drove from an elevated seat on the outside, at the front of the carriage. This was popular as a private coach for wealthy people. Phaeton The phaeton was a sporty carriage. Lighter and faster than a coach, the phaeton was an open, 4-wheeled carriage drawn by one or two horses. Popular in Regency times, aristocratic travelers drove this carriage themselves, as did young men who used it for sport or speed. Like cute animals? Follow Cuteness.com on Facebook for more AWWs and LOLs. Related Articles Livery Driven Vehicles - Coson Carriage Tour - Carriage Association of America Carriage Association of America Livery Driven Vehicles – Coson Carriage Tour Concord Coach These stagecoaches were built by the Abbot-Downing Company of Concord, New Hampshire. Coaches of this sort were used to transport passengers, mail, currency and gold all throughout the western United States.

The manufacturer referred to these vehicles as “Mail Coaches” and they were built in six, nine and twelve passenger sizes (not counting any roof-top passengers). With the rack on top, space in the boot under the driver’s seat, and a rear compartment, this vehicle could accommodate lots of baggage as well as passengers. These coaches were painted in bright colors and then decorated with ornate scroll work and vivid oil paintings. The coach shown here reflects the typical and most common color scheme used by Abbot-Downing. Concord coaches were widely used in all parts of the United States and also in South America, South Africa and Australia. In the 1870s they would have cost between $1,000 and $1,200. The stagecoach pictured here (#251) is presently displayed at the Wells Fargo History Museum in San Diego. There are five museums located in the California for the Wells Fargo Stagecoach. To view more extraordinary photographs of a Wells Fargo Stagecoach visit the Wells Fargo Bank’s History Site. Photos courtesy of the Wells Fargo Bank, San Francisco, California. Park Drag Small park drags were in demand about the turn of the century as more ladies took up the sport of four-in -hand driving.

The Ladies Four-in -Hand Club of New York was formed about that time, and Holland & Holland advertised small coaches in THE RIDER AND DRIVER, a New York sporting magazine. The Park Drag is a derivative of the earlier English Mail Coach and Road Coach which criss-crossed Britain by the hundreds, carrying passengers and mail in the early 19th century. The birth of railroad travel replaced these coaches and it became fashionable for young men to buy up the out-of-use coaches to drive for sport and play. It became so popular that a Four-in-Hand Club was formed in London in the latter half of the century and driving meets were often held in Hyde Park. The coaches used by the members began to be referred to as “Park Coaches.” Many enthusiasts began having newer coaches manufactured to meet a surprising demand. The newer coaches, updated to be somewhat lighter and more refined in appearance, came to be known as “Park Drags.” Instead of including space for cargo and mail, these drags were equipped to carry an elaborate assortment of food and refreshment for the passengers. Holland & Holland was one of the world’s most highly respected manufacturers of coaches and drags.

John Holland, one of the owner’s of the firm, was a Master of the Worshipful Company of Coachmakers and Coach Harness Makers of London. The company was purchased by the Long Acre company of Kesterton in 1888 and its traditional name was retained. The Park Drag shown here is a pony sized vehicle that may have been manufactured to meet the demands of those ladies who began to enter the sport at about the turn of the century, many of them wishing even smaller and lighter coaches that might be put to ponies. Bachelor Brougham In 1838, the English statesman, Lord Brougham, designed a vehicle for himself and went to a London coach builder by name of Robinson to have the carriage built. Not quite satisfied, Lord Brougham redesigned the carriage and had Robinson build another in 1839. This version quickly became known as a Brougham. Prior to its construction there was no enclosed carriage designed to be pulled by one horse. The Brougham might have been included in our Coach category; for it generally falls into that classification. We, however, have tried to make a distinction between servant driven vehicles and other coaches that might have been driven by their owners.

In America, this vehicle is also often referred to as a Coupe. In Europe, however, the Coupe is generally considered to have a swelled body and a rounded front panel. Notice the straight side and front panel on this coach. Many carriage manufacturing companies built Broughams and most of them produced varying styles and sizes of the vehicle that would accommodate from two to four passengers. Pictured here is a beautiful specimen by Brewster & Company, of New York City, that was likely built very early in the 20th century. This particular Brougham has only a single inside seat for two people and is thus called a Bachelor Brougham. Dress Landau It seems that the Landau is a design of German origin, perhaps from the Bavarian town of Landau. It meets all the criteria of the Coach family even though it does not have a fixed roof, but a top that folds down or up in 2 separate pieces which generally lock-up at a center point. The entrance door is generally low and usually has a step for easy entry. Interior seats, allowing for 4 people, face each other. The driver’s seat, of course, is elevated and on the outside of the carriage.

The Landau pictured here represents a variety with a canoe shaped bottom line, or continuous curve, rather than the more common drop-center that has much more angular lines. This carriage is called a Dress Landau and would have been used exclusively by noble families and only on special or ceremonial occasions. Note the crest on the door panel. Such formal vehicles would have been highly unusual in America. This Landau was manufactured in Stuttgart, Germany, by F & W Munch, in approximately 1890. Glass Coach Don Berkebile, in his extraordinary and classic work, CARRIAGE TERMINOLOGY: A HISTORICAL DICTIONARY, tells us that a vehicle such as the one pictured here was called a Glass Coach in order to distinguish it from a Hackney Coach (or public coach). The vehicle would have been used for only the most important or ceremonial occasions and obviously owned only by the wealthiest of families. Such a coach would have been highly uncommon in America. This vehicle was manufactured in Scotland by G. Glascow in about 1895. The gilded ornamentation on this coach is obviously beautiful; however, one wonders why so square a driver’s seat was used or put in place.

Berkebile, Don H: CARRIAGE TERMINOLOGY: A HISTORICAL DICTIONARY [Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C., 1978] Victoria The Victoria is one of the most elegant of all carriages and it was extremely popular among well-to-do families. It is thought that the design originated in England in the middle of the 19th century and, perhaps, derives from the Phaeton built for King George IV (see George IV Phaeton). The Victoria could be horsed by either a single or a pair. It has only one seat for two passengers and a coachman’s seat supported by iron work. Another version of this carriage, the Panel Boot Victoria, would have had a box-framed driver’s seat, allowing for storage, and a straight dashboard in front of that seat. It became very fashionable for ladies to be driven through the park in a carriage of this sort by a stylishly dressed private coachman. Though some question how popular the carriage was in America, it can not be argued that many a Victoria has survived over the years and can now be found in both private and museum collections. This Victoria was built for William F.

Burden, of New York City, by Brewster & Company in 1894. Hansom Cab What carriage tour would be complete without viewing a Hansom Cab? Its name is nearly as well known to the American public as the Buckboard or even the generic term Buggy. However, it is probably more misidentified and mislabeled than any carriage that exists. How often visitors to Central Park claim to have ridden in a Hansom Cab when, in fact, one can no longer be found on the streets there. It’s name has been popularized by the classic tales of Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle; however, most readers, not being able to visualize one as they read, often think the term is simply synonomous with “carriage.” In fact, the vehicle is so distinct that it becomes easier to identify than any other type. As you can see as you view this marvelous example by D. P. Nicholas & Company, of New York City, it is a two-wheeled vehicle with a body hung very close to the ground, affording easy access to passengers through twin doors in the front of the cab. The driver’s seat is high up and behind the body of the vehicle.

The driver could open and shut the passenger doors from where he sat. The Hansom Cab was used primarily as a public vehicle and became the cab of choice in most major cities of England and America. There were, however, some private Hansoms manufactured and the one pictured here may, indeed, be an example. The particular vehicle was probably manufactured in the last decade of the 19th century. The Hansom Cab derives its name from its inventor, Joseph Hansom, an English architect, who patented the design in 1834. Road Vehicles | Britannica.com Road Vehicles This general category includes a selection of more specific topics. Displaying Featured Road Vehicles Articles automobile a usually four-wheeled vehicle designed primarily for passenger transportation and commonly propelled by an internal-combustion engine using a volatile fuel. Automotive design The modern automobile is a complex technical system employing subsystems with specific design functions. Some of these consist of thousands of component parts that have evolved... bicycle two-wheeled steerable machine that is pedaled by the rider’s feet. On a standard bicycle the wheels are mounted in-line in a metal frame, with the front wheel held in a rotatable fork.

The rider sits on a saddle and steers by leaning and turning handlebars that are attached to the fork. The feet turn pedals attached to cranks and a chainwheel. Power... catalytic converter in automobiles, a component of emission control systems used to reduce the discharge of noxious and polluting gases from the internal-combustion engine. The catalytic converter consists of an insulated chamber containing a honeycomb structure or pellets coated with catalyst through which the exhaust gases are passed. Hydrocarbon s and carbon monoxide... Model T automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 until 1927. Conceived by Henry Ford as practical, affordable transportation for the common man, it quickly became prized for its low cost, durability, versatility, and ease of maintenance. More than 15 million Model Ts were built in Detroit and Highland Park, Mich. (The automobile was also assembled... Chrysler American automotive company first incorporated as Chrysler Corporation in 1925. It was reorganized and adopted its current name, Chrysler Group LLC, in 2009, and in 2014 it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Fiat SpA.

It was for many years the third largest (after General Motors Corporation and the Ford Motor Company) of the “Big Three” automakers... electric automobile battery-powered motor vehicle, originating in the late 1880s and used for private passenger, truck, and bus transportation. Through the early period of the automotive industry until about 1920, electric automobiles were competitive with petroleum-fueled cars particularly as luxury cars for urban use and as trucks for deliveries at closely related points,... truck any motor vehicle designed to carry freight or goods or to perform special services such as fire fighting. The truck was derived from horse-driven wagon technology, and some of the pioneer manufacturers came from the wagon business. Because of a well-developed system of roads and highways in North America and Europe, trucks have come to carry most... bus any of a class of large, self-propelled, wheeled vehicles that are designed to carry passengers, generally on a fixed route. They were developed at the beginning of the 20th century to compete with streetcars by providing greater route flexibility. The bus was a natural outgrowth of the horse-driven coach. Today buses are defined as vehicles that accommodate...

motorcycle any two-wheeled or, less commonly, three-wheeled motor vehicle, usually propelled by an internal-combustion engine. History Just as the automobile was the answer to the 19th-century dream of self-propelling the horse-drawn carriage, the invention of the motorcycle created the self-propelled bicycle. The first commercial design was a three-wheeler built... chariot open, two- or four-wheeled vehicle of antiquity, probably first used in royal funeral processions and later employed in warfare, racing, and hunting. The chariot apparently originated in Mesopotamia in about 3000 bc; monuments from Ur and Tutub depict battle parades that include heavy vehicles with solid wheels, their bodywork framed with wood and... tractor high-power, low-speed traction vehicle and power unit mechanically similar to an automobile or truck but designed for use off the road. The two main types are wheeled, which is the earliest form, and continuous track. Tractors are used in agriculture, construction, road building, etc., in the form of bulldozers, scrapers, and diggers. A notable feature...

automobile suspension Elastic members designed to cushion the impact of road irregularities on a portion of an automotive vehicle. The members link the vehicle’s tires with its suspended portion, and usually consist of springs and shock absorbers. Spring elements used for automobile suspension members include (in increasing order of ability to store elastic energy per unit... jeep outstanding light vehicle of World War II. It was developed by the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps and was an important item in lend-lease shipments to the Soviet Union and other allies. The jeep weighed 1 1 4 tons, was powered by a four-cylinder engine, and was classed as a quarter-ton truck in carrying capacity. Exceptionally sturdy, it was capable... shock absorber device for controlling unwanted motion of a spring-mounted vehicle. On an automobile, for example, the springs act as a cushion between the axles and the body and reduce the shocks on the body produced by a rough road surface. Some combinations of road surface and car speed may result in excessive up-and-down motion of the car body. Shock absorbers...

taxicab chauffeur-driven automobile available for hire to carry passengers between any two points within a city or its suburbs for a fare determined by a meter or zone system or a flat rate. The taxicab is named after the taximeter, an instrument invented by Wilhelm Bruhn in 1891 that automatically recorded the distance traveled and/or the time consumed, thus... stagecoach any public coach regularly travelling a fixed route between two or more stations (stages). Used in London at least by 1640, and about 20 years later in Paris, stagecoaches reached their greatest importance in England and the United States in the 19th century, where the new macadam roads made travel quicker and more comfortable. In the United States,... trolleybus vehicle operated on the streets on rubber tires and powered by electricity drawn from two overhead wires by trolley poles. It is distinct from a trolley car, which runs on rails rather than on tires and is thus a form of streetcar. In the late 1880s a number of small transit systems were put into operation using electric power supplied by the system...

carriage four-wheeled, horse-drawn vehicle, the final refinement of the horse-drawn passenger conveyance. Wagons were also used for this purpose, as were chariots. By the 13th century the chariot had evolved into a four-wheeled form, unlike the earlier two-wheeled version most often associated with the Romans. In the 14th century the passenger coach form of... hackney any carriage plying for hire, although hackney coach usually refers to a four-wheeled carriage drawn by two horses and holding six passengers. Hackneys were introduced into England early in the 17th century and may have been named for a section of London. In 1654 there were 300 licensed hackney coaches allowed in London and its environs, and by 1832... sedan portable, enclosed chair mounted on horizontally placed parallel poles and carried by men or animals. In Italy, France, and England, in the 17th and 18th centuries, sedans became highly luxurious and were often elaborately carved and upholstered and painted with mythological scenes or heraldic devices.

In England, in 1634, Sir Sanders Duncombe received... Richard Trevithick British mechanical engineer and inventor who successfully harnessed high-pressure steam and constructed the world’s first steam railway locomotive (1803). In 1805 he adapted his high-pressure engine to driving an iron-rolling mill and to propelling a barge with the aid of paddle wheels. Trevithick spent his youth at Illogan in the tin-mining district... cart two-wheeled vehicle drawn by a draft animal, used throughout recorded history by numerous societies for the transportation of freight, agricultural produce, refuse, and people. The cart, usually drawn by a single animal, is known to have been in use by the Greeks and the Assyrians by 1800 bc (although it is generally assumed that such vehicles could... rickshaw (from Japanese: “human-powered vehicle”), two-wheeled vehicle with a doorless, chairlike body and a collapsible hood, which holds one or two passengers and is drawn by a man between two shafts. It was used widely in the Orient but was largely superseded by the pedicab, a rickshaw driven by bicycle.

The name of its inventor remains uncertain, but it... torsion bar rod or bar that resists twisting and has a strong tendency to return to its original position when twisted. In automobiles a torsion bar is a long spring-steel element with one end held rigidly to the frame and the other end twisted by a lever connected to the axle. It thus provides a spring action for the vehicle. See also spring. velocipede version of the bicycle reinvented in the 1860s by the Michaux family of Paris. Its iron and wood construction and lack of springs earned it the nickname boneshaker. It was driven by pedaling cranks on the front axle. To increase the distance covered for each turn of the cranks, the front wheel was enlarged until, finally, in the ordinary, or penny-farthing,... pedicab three-wheeled vehicle with a hooded carriage body balanced on two of the wheels. The body may be placed in front or in back of the driver, who propels the vehicle by pedaling. Pedicabs are the successors to rickshaw s and have been widely used in East and Southeast Asia.

The pedicab has been adapted for specialized uses; one example is a pedicab school... wagon four-wheeled vehicle designed to be drawn by draft animals and known to have been used as early as the 1st century bc, incorporating such earlier innovations as the spoked wheel and metal wheel rim. Early examples also had such features as pivoted front axles and linchpins to secure the wheels. In its essential form, therefore, the wagon has been in... Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) CAFE standards designed to improve the fuel economy of cars, light trucks, and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) sold in the United States. Enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1975 as part of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, the CAFE standards were a response to an energy crisis in the United States and were initially part of an effort to reduce U.S.... sledge any freight- or passenger-carrying device that is dragged or pushed without the aid of wheels. The travois of the North American Indian was a sledge consisting of two transversely connected wooden shafts dragged at an angle to the ground.

Sledges date back to antiquity; Assyrian and Egyptian reliefs depict huge statues being pulled by sledge. The arrival... Buckboard - 必应 Sign in Buckboard A buckboard is a four-wheeled wagon of simple construction meant to be drawn by a horse or other large animal.[citation needed] The "buckboard" is the front-most board on the wagon that could act as both a footrest for the driver and protection for the driver from the horse's rear hooves in case of a "buck".[citation needed] The buckboard is steered by its front wheels, which are connected to each other by a single axle. The front and rear axle are connected by a platform of one or more boards to which the front axle is connected on ... (展开) a pivoting joint at its midpoint. A buckboard wagon often carries a seat for a driver. Such a seat may be supported by springs. The main platform between axles is not suspended by springs like a carriage. Made in the 18th century around the same time as carriages. The buckboard was invented by Rev.

Cyrus Comstock, a traveling preacher living in Lewis, Essex County, New York who established many churches in the surrounding area during the early 1800s. Originally designed for personal transportation in the Adirondack Mountains, these distinctively American vehicles were widely used in newly settled regions of the United States. Some Cyclecars e.g. the Smith Flyer were also referred to as 'Buckboard Cars'. In the early 20th century as horse-drawn vehicles were supplanted by the motor car , the term 'buckboard' was also used in reference to a passenger car (usually a 'tourer') from which the rear body had been removed and replaced with a load-carrying bed. These home-built dual purpose passenger- and load-carrying vehicles were the precursors of the factory-built 'utility' or 'pickup truck' Online Horse-Drawn Vehicles Collection - The Henry Ford Search our website to find what you’re looking for. Search Select Your Language You can select the language displayed on our website. Click the drop-down menu below and make your selection.

Online Horse-Drawn Vehicles Collection 29 artifacts in this set Exhibit View Jones Horse-Drawn Streetcar, circa 1875 Horsecar The horse drawn street car was an important means of public transportation in 19th century American cities. The first horse cars went into service in New York City in 1832 and by the time this car was built some 18,000 horse cars operated on 400 street railways throughout the country. Pulling the cars was so demanding that horses usually worked four hour shifts and lasted only five or six years before being sold for lighter work. This car was... Use default description of artifact Chariot Made by William Ross for Angelica Campbell, 1792-1802 Chariot (Carriage) Angelica Bratt Campbell's choice of this sporty, two-passenger carriage allowed the wealthy woman to ride in style and comfort. Purchased from New York City coachmaker William Ross, the carriage traveled by boat up the Hudson and Mohawk rivers to Schenectady, where Angelica's husband had made his vast fortune as a trader and merchant.

In the late 1790s carriages were much rarer than cars are today. Horses were expensive to maintain, especially... Use default description of artifact Landau, Made for Abram and Sarah Hewitt of New York, 1890 Landau (Four-wheeled carriage) Wealthy New York City matron Sarah Cooper Hewitt ordered this elegant carriage in May 1890 from Brewster and Company of New York City, an internationally-known carriage maker that attracted customers from the wealthiest members of American society. Sarah's husband, Abram Hewitt, prominent industrialist, statesman and philanthropist, had completed his term as mayor of New York City the previous year. Sarah chose a carriage called a landau.... Use default description of artifact Veterinary Ambulance, circa 1900 Ambulance Nineteenth century cities ran on horsepower -- the four-legged, oat-eating kind. Horses pulled carriages, cabs, street cars, and all kinds of commercial wagons. Life for a city horse was generally very hard-and often short. These horses were frequently overworked, crowded into stables, exposed to contagious illnesses, and faced injury or death in accidents.

Special ambulances were designed to transport sick or injured animals (particularly... Use default description of artifact Joseph Thatcher Torrence's Hansom Cab, 1880-1890 Hansom cab Hansom cabs, introduced in England during the 1830s, became one of the most common public cabs in London. The low body made it easy for passengers to get in and out, while the driver sat high in the rear where he had a good view of the horse-as well as the traffic on crowded city streets. In the late 19th century, the hansom cab also appeared as a public "taxicab" in the larger American cities, especially in New York. People occasionally... Use default description of artifact Horse-drawn vehicle : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki More info on Horse-drawn vehicle Wikis Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Train station Did you know ...

Encyclopedia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Horse -drawn vehicles were once common worldwide, but they have mostly been replaced by automobiles and other forms of self-propelled transport. Contents 8 External links General A two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle is a cart (see various types below, both for carrying people and for goods). Four-wheeled vehicles have many names – one for heavy loads is most commonly called a wagon . Very light carts and wagons can also be pulled by donkeys (much smaller than horses ), ponies or mules . Other smaller animals are occasionally used, such as large dogs , llamas and goats (see draught animals ). Heavy wagons, carts and agricultural implements can also be pulled by other large draught animals such as oxen , water buffalo , yaks or even camels and elephants . Vehicles pulled by one animal (or by animals in tandem – single file) have two shafts which attach either side of the rearmost animal (the wheel animal or wheeler). Vehicles pulled by a pair (or by a team of several pairs) have a pole which attaches between the wheel pair.

Other arrangements are also possible, for example three or more abreast (a troika ), a wheel pair with a single lead animal (a "unicorn"), or a wheel pair with three lead animals abreast (a "pickaxe"). Very heavy loads sometimes had an additional team behind to slow the vehicle down steep hills. Sometimes at a steep hill with frequent traffic such a team would be hired to passing wagons to help them up or down the hill. Two-wheeled vehicles are balanced by the distribution of weight of the load (driver, passengers and goods) over the axle, and then held level by the animal – this means that the shafts (or sometimes a pole for two animals) must be fixed rigidly to the vehicle's body. Four-wheeled vehicles remain level on their own, and so the shafts or pole are hinged vertically, allowing them to rise and fall with the movement of the animals. A four-wheeled vehicle is also steered by the shafts or pole, which are attached to the front axle; this swivels on a turntable or "fifth wheel" beneath the vehicle.

Vehicles primarily for carrying people A horse and buggy circa 1910 Advertisements Road Ambulance : Much the same purpose as the modern sense. Details of the design varied but would be a lightly-built and well-sprung, enclosed vehicle with provision for seated casualties and stretchers. Barouche : An elegant, high-slung, open carriage with a seat in the rear of the body and a raised bench at the front for the driver, a servant. Horsecar (also streetcar, US name, or tram, outside the US) Waterway Fly boat: A canal boat which changed horses at stages and could therefore keep moving, care being taken to maximize its speed. A basic, un-sprung cart in Australia. In that country and in New Zealand, it is known as a dray (but "dray" elsewhere usually means a four-wheeled wagon). Vehicles primarily for carrying goods Road Bow wagon: A simple agricultural wagon with laths bowed over the wheels in the manner of mudguards, to keep bulky loads such as straw from contact with them. An Australian design. Un-sprung cart : A simple two-wheeled vehicle for workaday use in carrying bulk loads. It was usually drawn by one horse.

Chasse-marée : A four-horse adaptation of the cart principle for the rapid delivery of fish to French markets. Conestoga wagon : A large, curved-bottom wagon for carrying commercial or government freight. See covered wagon. Dray : Particularly in Australia and New Zealand, an un-sprung cart. In Britain, even in the 18th century, the name came to be associated with brewers ' deliveries so that the later vehicle that was more correctly called a trolley also came to be known as a brewer's dray. These are still seen at horse shows in Britain. Also a sledge used for moving felled trees in the same way as the wheeled skidder. (See implements, below). It could be used in woodland, apparently with or without snow, but was useful on frozen lakes and waterways. [OED] Float: A light, two-wheeled domestic delivery vehicle with the centre of its axle cranked downward to allow low-loading and easy access to the goods. It was used particularly for milk delivery. Lorry : A low-loading platform body with four small wheels mounted underneath it. The driver's seat was mounted on the headboard.

Cheyenne family using a horse-drawn travois, 1890 Mail coach : A stagecoach primarily for the carriage of mail, though also carrying passengers. Mophrey: An un-sprung cart which could be extended forwards with the addition of front wheels. It was used by small farmers as and when dense or bulky loads were to be carried (muck-spreading and harvest). An eastern English design. Pantechnicon van : Originally, a van used by The Pantechnicon for delivering goods to its customers. Prairie schooner : The name given years later to the canvas-topped farm wagons used by North American settlers to move their families and capital goods westward. See covered wagon and Conestoga wagon. A model of a 2-ton slate wagon and load, from the Ffestiniog narrow gauge railway Railway Rubbish wagon or slab wagon or slate wagon : A small, four-wheeled truck used for carrying blocks of slate out of a quarry . Dandy waggon : A special rail car on a gravity train used to transport the horse while coasting down a hill. Waterway Broad boat: Used on the broad (14 ft) canals of Britain and towed from the tow path.

Flatboat : A canal boat of simple box-shaped design used on nineteenth century American waterways. Horse-drawn boat : A general term relating to broad or narrow canal boats for passenger or freight carriage. Narrowboat : Used on the narrow (7 ft) canals of Britain and towed from the tow path. Slow boat: A canal boat which used only one team of horses which must stop each night to rest. A German farmer working the land with horses and plough Agricultural and other implements

Question: Brougham, Hackney, Buckboard, and Phaeton are horse-drawn vehicles with how many wheels each?
Answer: Four