Artists Artists Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (1700s-1800s) Benjamin West - The Death of General Wolfe, Death on a Pale Horse John Copley - Paul Revere, John Hancock, Watson and the Shark, The Death of the Earl of Chatham, The Boy with the Squirrel Gilbert Stuart - portraits of George Washington (Vaughan, Lansdowne, and Athenaeum styles) Nineteenth Century (1800s) James Abbott McNeil Whistler - Arrangement in Black and Gray No.1 The Artist's Mother, Twelve Etchings from Nature (the French Set), Symphony in White No. 1 The White Girl, Thames and Venice series, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket John James Audubon - Birds of America (collection of bird paintings and drawings) Nathaniel Currier and James Ives - (many lithographs of American life) Baseball Game at Elysian Fields, Buffalo Hunt, Mississippi Riverboats Impressionist (1800s) Mary Cassatt - (impressionist paintings of women and children) Portrait of Alexander J.

Cassatt and His Son Robert, Young Woman Sewing in the Garden, The Caress Realism (1800s-1900s) Thomas Eakins - The Gross Clinic Winslow Homer - Gulf Stream, Breaking Storm, The Hurricane, Eight Bells, Long Branch NJ, The Reaper, High Cliff, (Civil War illustrations for Harper's Weekly) Henry Tanner - Resurrection of Lazarus, Portrait of the Artist's Mother, The Banjo Lesson Emmanuel Leutze - Washington Crossing the Delaware Samuel Morse - The Gallery of the Louvre John Sargent - Madame X Thomas Cole - View Near Ticonderoga, Course of Empire, Niagara Falls, The Voyage of Life, The Consummation of Empire, Oxbow of the Connecticut Edwin Church - Niagara Falls, Catskill Mountains, Morning in the Tropics Regionalist (1900s) Thomas Benton - America Today (mural) George Bingham - Fur Traders Descending the Missouri, The Jolly Flatboatmen, Raftsmen Playing Cards John Curry - Spring Shower, Morning Landscape Grant Wood - American Gothic, Daughters of the Revolution Anna Mary Robertson "Grandma" Moses - (started painting in her 70s) Sugaring

-Off, Thanksgiving Turkey Chuck Close - (quadriplegic) Paul, Robert Square Fingerprint II, Lucas II Malcolm Morley Andy Warhol - (known for paintings of Campbell's Soup cans and Marilyn Monroe) Roy Lichtenstein - (pop art resembling comic strips) Whaam!, Look Mickey I've Hooked a Big One!

Abstract Art (1900s) Georgia O'Keeffe - (paintings of flowers and bones from southwest landscape, married photographer Alfred Stieglitz) Red Hills and Bones, Black Iris, Sky Above Clouds IV Charles Sheeler - Upper Deck, Ballardville Abstract Impressionism (1900s) Jackson Pollock - (used drip technique to create "action painting") Black and White, Autumn Rhythm, Portrait and a Dream William de Kooning - Two Men Standing, Attic, Easter Sunday, Marilyn Monroe Franz Kline - Mahoning, Meryon Mark Rothko - (suicide, has chapel in Houston) Subway, Slow Swirl on the Edge of the Sea, Green and Tangerine on Red Horace Pippin - Mr. Prejudice, John Brown Going to His Hanging, Starting Home The End of the War Edward Hopper - Nighthawks, Early Sunday Morning.

Le pavilion de flore, House by the Railroad Ben Shahn - The Passion of Saccho and Vanzetti Andrew Wyeth - Christina's World Norman Rockwell - (cover illustrator of Saturday Evening Post), Four Freedoms, Boy Scout Calendar Christo - (born in Bulgaria) Running Fence Sonoma and Marin Counties CA, Wrapped Reichstag, Valley Curtain Rifle CO Nicholas Hilliard - (miniaturist) Young Man Leaning Against a Tree with Roses Eighteenth Century (1700s) Thomas Gainsborough - The Blue Boy, Perdita, Market Cart, Lady Innes, portrait of King George III and Queen Charlotte Sophia, Mr. and Mrs.

Andrews, Cornard Wood, The Watering Place William Hogarth - The Rake's Progress, Marriage a la Mode, Garrick as Richard III, The Shrimp Girl, The Bathos, illustrated Hudibras William Blake - The Ancient of Days, illustrations for his Songs and Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress Joshua Reynolds - (first president of the Royal Academy of Arts, 1768), Portrait of Samuel Johnson, Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse, Nelly O'Brien, Strawberry Girl Thomas Girtin - (watercolors) White House at Chelsea Nineteenth Century (1800s) John Constable - The Hay Wain, The White Horse, Salisbury Cathedral, Cornfield, Boatbuilding Near Flatford Mill JMW Turner - Rain Steam and Speed, The Slave Ship, Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, The Bay at Baiae with Apollo and the Sibyl, Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus John Tenniel - illustrated Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass Pre-Raphaelites (1800s) John Millais - The Carpenter Shop William Hunt - Scapegoat, Finding of Christ in the Temple Dante Rossetti - The Wedding of St.

George and the Princess Sabra Pop Art (1900s) Richard Hamilton - Five Tyres Remoulded, This Is Tomorrow exhibition Hieronymus Bosch - Garden of Delights, Crowning with Thorns, The Temptation of St. Anthony, The Adoration of the Magi, Christ Carrying the Cross Lucas van Leyden - Last Judgment, Christ Presented to the People Baroque (1600s) Frans Hals - The Laughing Cavalier, La bohemienne, Banquet of the Officers of the St. George Militia Company Rembrandt van Rijn - (chiaroscuro method) Anatomy Lesson of Dr.

Tulp, The Night Watch (The Shooting Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq), Supper at Emmaus, The Blinding of Samson, Self-Portrait, The Syndics of the Cloth Guild, Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer Adriaen Brouwer - Smokers, Tavern Interior, Twilight Jan Steen - The Cat Family, The Morning Toilet, Wedding, The Surprise Pieter de Hooch - The Pantry, The Card Players, Courtyard of a House in Delft Gerard Ter Borch - The Swearing of the Oath of Ratification of the Treaty of Munster, The Music Lesson Jan Vermeer - Kitchen Maid, Young Woman with a Water Jug, View of Delft, The Geographer, The Astronomer Expressionism (1800s) Vincent van Gogh - (threatened Paul Gougain with a razor, cut off his ear, and committed suicide) The Starry Night, The Night Cafe, The Potato Eaters, Crows in the Wheat Fields, Self-Portrait, Dr.

Gachet, Sunflowers, Irises, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear Flemish (Belgian) Painters Renaissance (1400s-1500s) Jan Van Eyck - (court painter for Philip the Good) Arnolfini Wedding, Man in Red Turban, Ghent Altarpiece including Adoration of the Lamb, Madonna and Child with Chancellor Rolin Roger van der Weyden - Descent from the Cross, The Last Judgment, St. Catherine, Adoration of the Magi Robert Campin (the Master of Flemelle) - Merode Altarpiece, Werl Altarpiece Hans Memling - Triptych of the Resurrection, St. Christopher Altarpiece, Adoration of the Magi, Donne Tiptych, Bathsheba at the Bath Petrus Christus - Legend of St.

Eloi, Lamentation Dirk Bouts - Last Summer (panel in Sacramental Altarpiece), Ordeal by Fire Pieter Brueghel - Harvesters, Hunters in the Snow, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, Triumph of Death, The Peasant Wedding Feast, The Seven Deadly Vices Baroque (1600s) Peter Paul Rubens - Judgment of Paris, Christ on the Cross, Raising of the Cross, Henry IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie de Medici, Fall of the Damned, Garden of Love, Prometheus Bound, Death of Achilles, Descent from the Cross, Battle of the Amazons Frans Snyders - Fox Hunting, Stag Hunt, Bear Hunt, painted the eagle in Rubens's Prometheus Bound Jan Brueghel - (son of Pieter Brueghel the Elder) The Battle of Arbela, Bowl with Jewels Anthony van Dyck - (court painter for Philip IV, Charles I, and Marie de Medicie) Charles I in Hunting Dress, Madonna of the Rosary, Samson and Delilah, The Vision of St.

Augustine Magic Realism (1900s) Rene Magritte - The Key of Dreams, The Human Condition, Time Transfixed, The Treachery of Images, The Menaced Assassin, The False Miror Surrealism (1800s-1900s) James Sidney Ensor - Christ's Entry Into Brussels in 1889 Jean Fouquet - Man with a Glass of Wine Classical (1600s) Nicolas Poussin - Rape of the Sabines, Inspiration of the Poet, The Arcadian Shepherds, Selene and Endymion, Landscape with the Burial of Phocion, Echo and Narcissus Georges de La Tour - St. Sebastian Tended by St.

Irene, Adoration of the Shepherds Charles Lorrain - Harbor at Sunset, Landscape Marriage of Isaac and Rebekah Rococo (1700s) Jean Antoine Watteau - The Embarkation for the Island of Cythera, Gersaint's Signboard, Harlequin and Columbine, La Gamme d'Amour Francois Boucher - (patron Marquise de Pompadour, Louis XV's mistress) Marquise de Pompadour, Triumph of Venus Jean Honore Fragonard - The Swing, The Education of Dogs, The Progress of Love in the Hearts of Young Girls Claude-Joseph Vernet - Ports of France series, Villa at Caprarola Neoclassical (1800s) Jacques-Louis David - Coronation of Napoleon and Josephine, Death of Marat, Oath of the Horatii, Madame Recamier, Death of Socrates Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres - Turkish Women at the Bath, The Envoys from Agamemnon, The Vow of Louis XIII, The Apotheosis of Homer, La Grande Odalisque Realism (1800s) Gustave Courbet - The Stone Breakers

, Burial at Ornans, The Artist's Studio Honore Daumier - Third Class Carriage, The Republic, The Thieves and the Ass, The Uprising Jean Francois Millet - The Gleaners, The Angelus, The Sower, Potato Planters Romanticism (1800s) Jean Louis Gericault - Raft of the Medusa, Officer of the Imperial Guard, Charging Chasseur, Race for the Derby at Epsom Eugene Delacroix - Liberty Leading the People, Barque of Dante, Massacre at Chios, Women of Algiers, Tiger Hunt, Death of Sardanapalus Pre-Impressionist (1800s) Edouard Manet - A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, Execution of the Emperor Maximillian of Mexico, Battle of the Kearsarge and Alabama.

Le dejeuner sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), Olympia, Argenteuil Claude Monet - Impression Sunrise, Port of LeHavre, The Green Dress, Women in the Garden, Haystacks series, Rouen Cathedral series, Water Lilies Alfred Sisley - La Seine a Bougival Camille Pissarro -Boulevard des Italiens, Bather in the Woods, Vegetable Garden at the Hermitage Edgar Degas - The Ballet Rehearsal, Glass of Absinthe, Blue Dancers, Woman with Chrysanthemums Pierre Auguste Renoir - Les Grand Boulevards, Luncheon of the Boating Party, Le Bal au Moulin de la Galetta, Jeanne Samary, Madame Charpentier and Her Children Neo-Impressionism (1800s) Georges Seurat - A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, Bathers at Asnieres Paul Signac Post-Impressionism (1800s) Paul Cezanne - Mont Sainte-Victoire, Card Players, Large Bathers, Peaches and Pears Paul Gauguin - Where Do We Come From What Are We

 Where Are We Going?, Yellow Christ, Tahitian Women, Spirit of the Dead Watching, The Day of the God, La Orana Maria Henri de Toulouse Lautrec - At the Moulin Rouge Henri Rousseau - The Sleeping Gypsy, The Snake Charmer, The Dream Proto-Impressionism (1800s) Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot - House and Factory of M.

Henry, Memory of Mortefontaine, The Belfry at Douai, The Forum, Volterra Fauvism (1900s) Henri Matisse - Portrait with a Green Stripe, Joy of Life, The Blue Nude, The Red Studio Andre Derain - Bathers, London Bridge Dadism, Cubism, and Surrealism (1900s) Marcel Duchamp - (created "ready-mades", common objects presented as art) Nude Descending a Staircase, Bicycle Wheel (readymade), Fountain (urinal with Joseph Stella), The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors Even (The Large Glass) Stefen Lochner - Altar of the City of Patrons Danube School (1500s) Albrecht Altdorfer - (first landscaper) Battle of Alexander and Darius on the Issus, St. George in a Landscape, The Fall and Redemption of Man Renaissance (1500s) Albrecht Durer - Head of an Apostle, (woodcuts) Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Four Apostles, (engravings) Large Fortune, Knight Death and the Devil, St.

Jerome, Adam and Eve, Melencolia I, (treatsie) Four Books on Human Proportions Matthias Grunewald - Isenheim Altarpiece (including Temptation of Saint Anthony, Saint Paul in the Wilderness, Saint Sebastian, Crucifixion, Resurrection), The Mocking of Christ Lucas Cranach the Elder - Adam and Eve, Judgment of Paris, Venus and Amor, portraits of Maximilian I, Charles V, Luther Hans Holbein the Younger - The Ambassadors, portraits of Henry VIII and his court, illustrated Erasmus's Praise of Folie, Dead Christ, Passion of Christ, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Madonna of Burgomaster Meyer altarpiece, The Dance of Death, Erasmus of Rotterdam Romanticism (1800s) Caspar David Friedrich - Polar Sea, Hope, The Tree of Crows, The Cross in the Mountains Eduard Charlemont - Moorish Chief Emil Nolde - Christ Among the Children, March, The Reveler Giotto - Virgin and Christ frescos at Scrovegni Chapel in Padua, Ognissanti Madonna, Arena Chapel frescos Renaissance (1400s-1500s) Masaccio - The

 Tribute Money, Expulsion from Paradise, Trinity frescos, Madonna and Child with Saints Sandro Botticelli - (worked for the Medicis) Birth of Venus, Primavera, Adoration of the Magi, Giuliano de' Medici, walls of Sistine Chapel (Temptation of Christ, Youth of Moses, Punishment of the Sons of Corah) Leonardo da Vinci - (used sfumato and chiaroscuro) Mona Lisa, Last Supper, The Virgin of the Rocks, Adoration of the Magi Dominico Ghirlandaio - (Michelangelo's teacher) Scenes from the Life of St.

Francis Michelangelo Buonarrati - Sistine Chapel ceiling (scenes from Genesis, including Creation of Adam), The Last Judgment (on wall behind altar in Sistine Chapel), Divine Head (drawing) (Raffaelo Santi) Raphael - School of Athens, Marriage of the Virgin, Entombment of Christ, Parnassus, Triumph of Galatea, Sistine Madonna, Transfiguration, Pope Leo X with Cardinals Guilo de Medici and Luigi de Rossi, Disputa Andrea del Sarto - frescos about John the Baptist Giorgio Vasari - (wrote Lives of the Artists) Venice Giorgione - Tempesta, Castelfranco Altarpiece, Three Philosophers (Jacopo Robusti) Tintoretto - ("little dyer") Miracle of the Slave, Paradise, Susanna Bathing, The Origin of the Milky Way, Crucifixion, The Last Supper (Tiziano Vecellio) Titian - Charles V, Man with the Glove, Venus of Urbino, Rape of Europa, Pope Paul III, Sacred and Profane Love, Assumption of the Virgin, Bacchus and Ariadne, Death of St.

Peter Martyr, Flora, Death of Actaeon, Crowning with Thorns, (commissioned by Philip II) Paolo Veronese - Vision of Saint Helena, Triumph of Venice, Venus and Adonis, Last Supper renamed Feast in the House of Levi Parma Correggio - Diana Returning from the Chase, Ascension of Christ, Jupiter and Io, The Abduction of Ganymede Jacopo da Pontormo - Joseph in Egypt, Holy Family with Saints, Deposition Rosso Fiorentino - Descent from the Cross, Dead Christ with Angels Giulio Romano - Martyrdom of St. Stephen, finished Battle of Constantine and Apparition of the Cross for Raphael Parmigianino - Madonna and Child with St. Margaret and Other Saints, Madonna with the Long Neck, Cupid Sharpening His Bow Agnolo Bronzino - (Tuscan High Mannerism) Christ in Limbo, Portrait of a Young Man Baroque (1600s) Annibale Carracci - Romulus cycle, Flight to Egypt, ceiling of Galleria of Palazzo Farnese, Sacrifice of Isaac Domenichino - Last Communion of St.

Jerome (Michelangelo Merisi) Caravaggio - The Calling of St. Matthew, Conversion of St. Paul, David with the Head of Goliath, Crucifixion of St. Peter, Flagellation of Christ, Burial of St. Lucy Guido Reni - ceiling fresco Aurora at Casino Rospigliosi in Rome Guercino - ceiling fresco Aurora at Villa Ludovisi in Rome, Burial of St.

Petronilla Rococo (1700s) Giovanni Battista Tiepolo - Apotheosis of Francesco Barbaro, Triumph of Faith, Spain and Her Provinces Canaletto - views (vedutas) of Venice, Warwick Castle Bernardo Bellotto - View of the Tiber with Sant Angelo Macchiaioli (1800s) Mannerism (1500s-1600s) El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos of Crete) - The Burial of Count of Orgaz, View of Toledo, Disrobing of Christ, Agony in the Garden, Assumption of the Virgin, The Opening of the Fifth Seal, The Triumph of the Holy League Baroque (1600s) Diego Velazquez - (court painter for Philip IV of Spain) Triumph of Bacchus (The Drunkards), Maids of Honor (Las meninas), The Surrender of Breda, The Water Seller of Seville, The Spinners (The Fable of Arachne), Innocent X Bartolome Esteban Murillo - The Immaculate Conception, Young Beggar Jusepe de Ribera - St.

Sebastian Transfixed with Arrows, The Clubfooted Boy Rococo (1700s) Francisco Jose de Goya - (court painter to Charles III and Charles IV) Third of May 1808, Family of Charles IV, Maja Nude, The Caprices, The Black Paintings, Witches' Sabbath, Saturn Devouring His Children, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters Cubism and Surrealism (1900s) Pablo Picasso - Guernica, Absinthe Drinker, Saltimbanques, The Old Guitarist (Blue Period), Two Acrobats and a Dog (Rose Period), Two Youths (Classical Period), Self-Portrait (Iberian Period), Les demoiselles d'Avignon (African Period), Houses on the Hill (Analytical Cubism), Guitar Sheet Music and Wine Glass (Synthetic Cubism), Harlequin (Construction Period), The Pipes of Pan (Classical Period), Nude in an Armchair (Cubism and Surrealism) Salvador Dali - Persistance of Memory, Metamorphosis of Narcissus, Sacrament of the Last Supper, Crucifixion William Thornton (1700s) -

 US Capitol James Hoban (1700s) - White House Thomas Jefferson (1700s-1800s) - Monticello, University of Virginia Samuel McIntire (1700s-1800s) - Federal style buildings in Salem Benjamin Latrobe (1700s-1800s) - Virginia state capitol, Bank of Pennsylvania, Bank of the United States, Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, rebuilt Capitol after 1814 burning John Augustus Roebling and Washington Augustus Roebling (1800s) - Brooklyn Bridge Charles Bulfinch (1800s) - Capitol Rotunda Henry Holson Richardson (1800s) - Trinity Church in Boston George Goethals (1900s) - Panama Canal Louis Sullivan (1900s) - skyscrapers, including Wainwright Building in St.

Louis, Guaranty Building in Buffalo, Carson Pirie Scott Department Store in Chicago Frank Lloyd Wright (1900s) - Guggenheim Museum, Fallingwater, Robie House, Taliesin, Usonian Houses, Imperial Hotel in Tokyo Philip C. Johnson (1900s) - Glass House in New Canaan CT, Seagram Building in NYC (with Mies van der Rohe), AT&T Building in NYC, Transco Tower in Houston, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (German-1900s) - German Pavilion at 1929 Barcelona exhibition, Seagram Building in NYC (with Philip Johnson), Tugendhat House, Farnsworth House, advocated International Style and led Bauhaus, Lake Shore Drive Apartments (Chicago) Louis I.

Kahn (1900s) - Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth Ieoh Ming Pei (1900s) - (born in Canton) John Hancock Building in Boston, Mile High Center in Denver, Bank of China in Hong Kong, Holocaust Memorial in Washington, Rock and Role Hall of Fame in Cleveland Minoru Yamasaki (1900s) - World Trade Center Inigo Jones (1600s) - Queen's House at Greenwich, Banqueting House at Whitehall, Covent Garden, restored St. Paul's Cathedral Christopher Wren (1600s-1700s) - rebuilt parts of London after 1666 fire; St.

Paul's Cathedral, Sain Mary- le-Bow church, Saint Stephen's, Saint Clement Dane's, Saint James's, Sheldonian Theatre, Trinity College library, Hapton Court Palace, Chelsea Hospital, Greenwich Observatory, Greenwich Hospital John Vanbrugh (1700s) - Castle Howard (with Nicholas Hawksmoor), Queen's Theater, Blenheim Palace Richard Boyle, 3rd earl of Burlington (1700s) - villa at Chiswick John Wood (1700s) - Queen Square, Circus, Prior Park, Royal Crescent John Nash (1800s) - Regent's Park, Trafalgar Square, redesign of Buckingham Palace, Royal Pavilion at Brighton Joseph Paxton (1800s) - Crystal Palace John Soane (1700s-1800s) - Bank of England, Dulwich Art Museum, London home AWN Pugin and Charles Barry (1800s) - Houses of Parliament Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1900s) - Glasgow School of Art Salomon da Brosse (1600s) - Luxembourg Palace, hunting lodge at Versailles Claude Perrault (1600s)

 - east facade of the Louvre, Paris Observatory Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart (1600s) - Versailles Andre Le Notre (1600s) - landscape of Versailles, landscape of Chateau Vaux-le-Vicomte Jacques Ange Gabriel (1700s) - Opera House at Versailles, Ecole Militare, Place de la Concorde, Petit Trianon at Versailles Etienne-Louis Boullee (1700s) - Hotel de Brunoy, planned monument to Newton Claude-Nicholas Ledoux (1700s) - 65 barrieres tollhouses, theater at Besancon Gustave Alexandre Eiffel (1800s) - Eiffel Tower (1889) Ferdinand Marie de Lesseps (1800s) - Suez Canal Charles Garnier (1800s) - Paris Opera Auguste Perret (1900s) - apartment building on Rue Franklin, Theatre des Champs-Elysees Le Corbusier (1900s) - Chandigarh Punjab India, Palace of the League of Nations in Geneva, UN Secretariat

 Building, Villa Savoye, chapel at Ronchamp, La Tourette Dominican monastery, Notre Dame du Haut Ictinus and Callicrates (400s BC) - Parthenon Mnesicles (400s BC) - Propylaea Pytheous (300s BC) - Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (for King Mausolus of Caria) Polyclitus the Younger (300s BC) - Theater at Epidaurus Hippodamus of Miletus (400s BC) - right-angled street city plans at Piraeus and Thurii Italian Architects Filippo Brunelleschi (1400s) - Duomo (Florence Gothic Cathedral), Medici Church of San Lorenzo, Ospedale degli Innocenti, Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli, the Basilica of Santo Spirito, Pazzi Chapel Michelozzo (1400s) - Florence Baptistery, San Giorgio Maggiore Library, Medici-Riccardi Palace, Convent of San Marco, Palazzo Vecchio (Florence city hall), Duomo architect Leon Battista Alberti (1400s) - Church of

 San Francesco at Rimini, Palazzo Rucellai, rebuilt St.

Peter's Basilica, Santa Maria Novella in Florence Donato Bramante (1400s) - Church of Santa Maria presso Santo Satiro in Milan, Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Tempietto of San Pietro in Montorio, started to rebuild St. Peter's Church and the Vatican Palace Raphael (1500s) - St. Peter's Basilica, Chigi Chapel in the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo Giulio Romano (1500s) - drainage of Mantua, Palazzo del Te in Mantua, Church of San Petronino Michelangelo (1500s) - Tomb of Julius II, Church of San Lorenzo in Florence, Piazza del Campidoglio in Rome, St. Peter's Basilica Giacomo della Porta (1500s) - laid out streets in Rome for Sixtus V, Vatican Library, Lateran Palace, moved an obelisk and finished a dome at St.

Peter's Basilica, Acqua Paolo Fountain, royal palace in Naples Andrea Palladio (1500s) - Basilica of Vicenza; Barbarano Chieregati, Tiene, Porto, and Valmarana palaces in Vicenza; Villa Capri; San Francesco della Vigna, San Giorgio Maggiore, and Il Redentore churches in Venice; Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza Sebastiano Serlio (1500s) - wrote the Book of Architecture Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1600s) - Tomb of Urban VIII, Tomb of Alexandre VII, Palazzo Ludovisi in Rome, Palazzo Chigi in Rome, Castelgandolfo church, Ariccia church, Sant Andrea al Quirinale church in Rome Piazza San Pedro, Royal Staircase at St. Peter's, Fountain of the Four Rivers Nicholas of Verdun (1100s) - goldsmith; pulpit at Kosterneuburg, Shrine of St. Mary Germain Pilon (1500s) - tomb of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, St.

Francis in Ecstasy Jean-Antoine Houdon (1700s-1800s) - Denis Diderot, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Benjamin Franklin, Voltaire, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (1800s) - La Danse Frederic Auguste Bartholdi (1800s) - The Statue of Liberty (with interior pylon by Gustave Eiffel and base by Robert Morris Hunt), Lion of Belfort Auguste Rene Rodin (1800s-1900s) - Man with the Broken Nose, The Age of Bronze, St.

John the Baptist, The Gates of Hell (for Musee des Artes Decoratifs, including The Inferno, The Kiss, Ugolino, The Thinker, Adam, Eve), The Burghers of Calais, Balzac Aristide Maillot (1900s) - The Mountain, The Mediterranean Constantin Brancusi (1900s) - (born in Romania) Sleeping Muse, Bird in Space, The Kiss Phidias (400s BC) - Zeus at Olympia, Athena Parthenos at the Parthenon, Miltiades at Athens Myron of Eleutherae (400s BC) - Discobolus (Discus Thrower) Polyclitus of Argos (400s BC) - Doryphorus (Spear Bearer) Paionius (400s BC) - Nike Praxiteles (300s BC) - Aphrodite of Cnidus, Hermes Holding the Infant Dionysus Lysippus (300s BC) - Apoxyomenos (Youth Scraping Himself Clean) Scopas (300s BC) - Battle of the Greeks and Amazons at

 Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Unknown (200s BC) - Nike of Samothrace Unknown (200s BC) - The Barberini Faun Epigonus of Pergamum (200s BC) - The Dying Gaul Unknown (100s BC) - Venus de Milo Archelaos of Priene (100s BC) - The Apotheosis of Homer Agesander, Athenodorus, and Polydorus (100s BC) - Laocoon and His Sons Apollonius of Athens (0s AD) - The Belvedere Torso Apollodorus of Damascus (100s AD) - The Column of Trajan, Basilica Ulpia Glycon (200s AD) - Farnese Heracles Nicola and (son) Giovanni Pisano (1200s) - Hercules, Virgin Mary, works at Siena and Pisa cathedrals Andrea Pisano (1300s) - Florentine Baptistry Jacobo della Quercia (1400s) - Fonte Gaia at Siena, Zacharias in the Temple Ghiberti (140

0s) - San Giovanni Florentine Baptistry including Gates of Paradise Donatello (1400s) - St.

Mark, St. George, John the Evangelist, Joshua, David, Miracles of St. Anthony, Judith and Holofernes, Gattamelata, Zuccone Andrea del Verrocchio (1400s) - equestrian of Bartolomeo Colleoni, David, Boy with a Dolphin Michelangelo (1500s) - Pieta, David, tomb of Julius II (including Moses, Dying Slave, and Rebellious Slave) Benvenuto Cellini (1500s) - Nymph of Fontainebleau, Perseus and Medusa Giambologna (1500s) - (born in Flanders) Fountain of Neptune, flying Mercury, Rape of the Sabine Woman Gianlorenzo Bernini (1600s) - Abduction of Proserpina, Cathedra Petri (Chair of St. Peter), Ecstasy of St.

Teresa, Damned Soul, Blessed Soul, Fountain of the Four Rivers, Bust of the Savior The Procession to Calvary by Pieter Brueghel the Younger | my daily art display my daily art display The Procession to Calvary by Pieter Brueghel the Younger The elder son of Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s was also named Pieterand was just five years of age when his father died in 1569. The death of his father left Pieter, his young brother Jan and sister, Marie to be brought up by their mother Mayken Cooke van Aelst. After their mother died in 1578 the two boys went to live with their maternal grandmother Mayken van Hulst, who was an accomplished miniaturist and watercolour painter in her own right. It is from her that the boys received their initial artistic tuition.

Very little has been written about Pieter Brueghel but Karel van Mander a Flemish-born Dutch painter and poet, who is mainly remembered as a biographer of Netherlandish artists and was a contemporary of Pieter Brueghel the Younger, records that when Pieter was nine years of age the family moved to Antwerp and it is believed that here, Pieter received his first formal artistic training under the tutelage of the Dutch landscape painter, Gillis van Coninxloo III. When he was twenty years old he became a member of the local Guild of Saint Luke and was registered as an “independent master”. In comparison to his younger brother, Jan, Pieter was less successful as an artist. He ran a studio, which had many apprentices, including Frans Snyders, who was to become one of the foremost Netherlandish painters of animals and still-life. The problem for Pieter was that his paintings although they sold well, were sold cheaply. The main reason for this was the fact that a lot of his works were copies or imitations of his father’s works.

Art critics have pointed out that his works had neither the depth of his father’s works nor the refinement of the works of his younger brother Jan. At the end of 1588 when he was twenty-four he married Elisabeth Goddelet and the couple went on to have seven children. Pieter Brueghel the Younger painted landscape and religious paintings as well as his fantasy paintings in which he liked to depict hobgoblins, fires, and other grotesque figures and it was his love for this sort of work which made him known as “Hell Brueghel” in stark contrast to the nickname, “Velvet Brueghel” given to his brother Jan for his concentration on still-life flower paintings. Pieter Brueghel and his apprentices spent a lot of time copying his father’s works of art. He and his studio produced more than sixty copies of his father’s 1565 painting entitled Winter Landscape with Skaters and a Bird-trap.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s painting entitled The Adoration of the Magi in the Snow, which he completed in 1567, was copied by his son in 1600 and was just one of almost thirty copies of the painting which came from the studio. A painting simply entitled Proverb,s which can be found at the Rockox House museum in Antwerp is a copy of his father’s 1559 painting Netherlandish Proverbs which is housed at the Staatliche Museen in Berlin. A great number of his paintings featured peasants and their daily lives, just as his father had done years earlier. My featured painting today is one which Pieter Brueghel the Younger completed in 1607 entitled The Procession to Calvary. It is a prime example of young Pieter Brueghel attempt to copy one of his father’s great works of art of the same name which was completed in 1564. The painting which was owned by Lord St Oswald had hung at the family seat of Nostell Priory in Wakefield, West Yorkshire for over two hundred years.

However although the building is now owned by the National Trust the contents belong to the St Oswald family and they wanted to sell the work. Through the auspices of the Art Fund, The National Heritage Memorial Fund and various monies received from the public, trusts and other foundations the painting was bought for £2.7 million and will now remain at the Priory. The painting is deemed to be one of Brueghel the Younger’s best works. His setting for the biblical scene illustrating Christ’s journey to his own crucifixion atop Mount Calvary is a Flemish landscape and is full of fascinating details. The background of the painting is a vast landscape with a river estuary slowly meandering towards the open sea which we can just see on the horizon. In the left mid-ground we see a city with all its multi-storeyed buildings. This is not a mystical biblical city from the Middle East but a European cityscape. I love the details the artist has given the buildings. People of Flanders who saw the painting could relate to the scene. Brueghel has not only painstakingly depicted the city but he has spent much time depicting the people and the everyday objects that he has included in the painting.

Look to the right and you can see a troop of soldiers leading the procession up the hill , escorting Christ on his last journey. Note their armour. It is modern. This is not a depiction of Roman cavalry. This is a depiction of the troops of the Spanish army similar to the ones who had sacked Antwerp in November 1576 when Pieter Brueghel the Younger was just twelve years of age. Maybe the atrocities of the war between the Catholic Spanish and the Protestant Netherlands affected the young boy and his painting is not just a tale of Christ’s suffering at the hands of the Romans but a tale of his people’s suffering at the hands of the Spanish. If we look to the top of the hill we do not just see the three traditional crosses which were part of the biblical tale. What we see is a mish mash of gallows and gibbets. These would not be unusual sights set outside the city walls at the time of Brueghel. Public executions were quite common at the time in the Netherlands and as in the days of Christ’s crucifixion, such executions were often attended by the local population. Ahead of the Spanish troops we can just make out the two thieves being transported in a cart towards the top.

Unlike the biblical tale of the two thieves carrying their crosses like Christ, Brueghel has shown them being moved in carts, which was how those who were to be executed in Brueghel’s day were moved towards their place of execution. It is also interesting to note how Brueghel has depicted Christ bearing his cross. He is just a non-descript figure dressed in grey and hardly stands out from the crowd. He is not the centre of attention in this sprawling painting and yet he has the leading role in the story. What of the onlookers? Are these all depicted as wracked with grief mourning the imminent death of Christ? I would suggest that Brueghel has portrayed the scene differently from what we are used to seeing. I believe there is a passive air about the crowd which maybe reflects more the contemporary Netherlandish life when executions were commonplace and caused little outpourings of grief except from the immediate next-of-kin. This is more of an everyday scene than a portrayal of the events of Good Friday. Take a look at this painting and compare it with the one done by his father which I featured in My Daily Art Display of March 7th. See which you prefer. Share this:

Question: Artists Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Frederic Edwin Church, Jane Frank and Thomas Cole painted in what style?
Answer: Landscape