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“The Evolution of Spinal and Epidural Needles : From the Origins to the Current”. Cothon.Net. 2023年1月14日閲覧。
Frölich, MA; Caton, D (July 2001). “Pioneers in epidural needle design.”. Anesthesia and Analgesia 93 (1): 215–20. doi:10.1097/00000539-200107000-00043. PMID 11429369. http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/93/1/215.full.