4千年紀以降
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↑ Page, Don N. (1976). “Particle Emission Rates from a Black Hole: Massless Particles from an Uncharged, Nonrotating Hole”. Physical Review D 13 (2): 198-206. Bibcode: 1976PhRvD..13..198P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.13.198.
1 2 10の32000乗年後、黒色矮星が宇宙最後の大爆発!?
↑ Dyson, Freeman J. (1979). “Time Without End: Physics and Biology in an Open Universe”. Reviews of Modern Physics 51 (3): 447–460. Bibcode: 1979RvMP...51..447D. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.51.447. http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Global/Omega/dyson.txt 2023年11月18日閲覧。.