面積分
| ∂ S ∂ u × ∂ S ∂ v | 2 = | ∂ y ∂ u ∂ y ∂ v ∂ z ∂ u ∂ z ∂ v | 2 + | ∂ z ∂ u ∂ z ∂ v ∂ x ∂ u ∂ x ∂ v | 2 + | ∂ x ∂ u ∂ x ∂ v ∂ y ∂ u ∂ y ∂ v | 2 = E G − F 2 {\displaystyle \left\vert {\dfrac {\partial S}{\partial u}}\times {\dfrac {\partial S}{\partial v}}\right\vert ^{2}={\begin{vmatrix}{\dfrac {\partial y}{\partial u}}&{\dfrac {\partial y}{\partial v}}\\[14pt]{\dfrac {\partial z}{\partial u}}&{\dfrac {\partial z}{\partial v}}\end{vmatrix}}^{2}+{\begin{vmatrix}{\dfrac {\partial z}{\partial u}}&{\dfrac {\partial z}{\partial v}}\\[14pt]{\dfrac {\partial x}{\partial u}}&{\dfrac {\partial x}{\partial v}}\end{vmatrix}}^{2}+{\begin{vmatrix}{\dfrac {\partial x}{\partial u}}&{\dfrac {\partial x}{\partial v}}\\[14pt]{\dfrac {\partial y}{\partial u}}&{\dfrac {\partial y}{\partial v}}\end{vmatrix}}^{2}=EG-F^{2}}
は、S の線素 ds = Edu + 2Fdudv + Gdv から定まる第一基本量