コンスタンティノープル競馬場
↑ 井上浩一『生き残った帝国ビザンティン』P138-139
↑ 根津由喜夫『ビザンツ 幻影の世界帝国』(1999年 講談社選書メチエ)P116-126
↑ ヘロドトスの『歴史』には、この柱について述べた部分がある。
↑ The Atmeidan, or Hippodrome-in Constantinople
↑ "The Obelisk of Theodosius" discusses the inscription and the date.
↑ Erdem, Yasemin Tümer. "Atatürk Dönemi Arkeoloji Çalışmalarından Biri: Sultanahmet Kazısı," ATATÜRK ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ DERGİSİ, Sayı 62, Cilt: XXI, July 2005. , İstanbul’da yapılan başlıca arkeolojik araştırmalar = Principal Archeological Researches... İstanbul / Rüstem Duyuran. 1957.. Retrieved on 11 March 2010.
↑ Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. Banknote Museum: 5. Emission Group - Five Hundred Turkish Lira - I. Series, II. Series, III. Series & IV. Series. – Retrieved on 20 April 2009.