ハロルド・バウアー
Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Classical Musicians, by Nicolas Slonimsky, New York: Schirmer Books, 1997
Biographical Dictionary of American Music. By Charles Eugene Claghorn (1911?2005), West Nyack, New York(英語版): Parker Publishing Co., 1973
Biography Index; A Cumulative Index to Biographical Material in Books and Magazines, New York: H.W. Wilson Company(英語版) Volume 1: January 1946?July 1949 (1949) Volume 2: August 1949?August 1952 (1953) Volume 3: September 1952?August 1955 (1956) Volume 4: September 1955?August 1958 (1960) Volume 7: September 1964?August 1967 (1968) Volume 8: September 1967?
August 1970 (1971) Volume 9: September 1970?August 1973 (1974) Volume 11: September 1976?August 1979 (1980) Volume 12: September 1979?August 1982 (1983) Volume 16: September 1988?August 1990 (1990) Volume 21: September 1995?August 1996 (1996)
Britannica Book of Music, edited by Benjamin Hadley, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., 1980
The Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography, edited by John S. Bowman, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995
Musicians since 1900; Performers in Concert and Opera, compiled and edited by David Ewen, New York: H.W. Wilson Company, 1978
The New American Dictionary of Music, by Philip D.