アザワド
Dubois, Felix; White, Diana (trans.) (1896). Timbuctoo the mysterious. New York: Longmans. https://archive.org/details/timbuctoomyster01whitgoog
Fage, J. D. (1956). An Introduction to the History of West Africa. London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 22. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=RDw9AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=an+introduction+to+the+history+of+west+africa&redir_esc=y&hl=ja#v=onepage&q&f=false
Hacquard, Augustin (1900). Monographie de Tombouctou. Paris: Société des études coloniales & maritimes. https://archive.org/details/monographiedeto00hacqgoog. . Also available from Gallica.