多項定理
数学における多項定理(たこうていり、英: multinomial theorem)とは、多項和 (multinomial) の冪を展開した式を表すものである。二項定理において項数を一般化したものである。
, k m − 1 , k m , k m + 1 ) x 1 k 1 x 2 k 2 ⋯ x m − 1 k m − 1 x m k m x m + 1 k m + 1 ( refer the below described Annotation ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&=\textstyle \sum \limits _{k_{1}+k_{2}+\cdots +k_{m-1}+K=n}{\dbinom {n}{k_{1},k_{2},\ldots ,k_{m-1},K}}{x_{1}}^{k_{1}}{x_{2}}^{k_{2}}\cdots {x_{m-1}}^{k_{m-1}}(x_{m}+x_{m+1})^{K}\\&=\textstyle \sum \limits _{k_{1}+k_{2}+\cdots +k_{m-1}+K=n}\left({\dbinom {n}{k_{1},k_{2},\ldots ,k_{m-1},K}}{x_{1}}^{k_{1}}{x_{2}}^{k_{2}}\cdots {x_{m-1}}^{k_{m-1}}\sum \limits _{k_{m}+k_{m+1}=K}{\dbinom {K}{k_{m},k_{m+1}}}{x_{m}}^{k_{m}}{x_{m+1}}^{k_{m+1}}\right)\\&({\text{binomial theorem}})\\&=\textstyle \sum \limits _{k_{1}+k_{2}+\cdots +k_{m-1}+K=n}\sum \limits _{k_{m}+k_{m+1}=K}{\dbinom {n}{k_{1},k_{2},\ldots ,k_{m-1},K}}{\dbinom {K}{k_{m},k_{m+1}}}{x_{1}}^{k_{1}}{x_{2}}^{k_{2}}\cdots {x_{m-1}}^{k_{m-1}}{x_{m}}^{k_{m}}{x_{m+1}}^{k_{m+1}}\\&=\textstyle \sum \limits _{k_{1}+k_{2}+\cdots +k_{m-1}+k_{m}+k_{m+1}=n}{\dbinom {n}{k_{1},k_{2},\ldots ,k_{m-1},k_{m},k_{m+1}}}{x_{1}}^{k_{1}}{x_{2}}^{k_{2}}\cdots {x_{m-1}}^{k_{m-1}}{x_{m}}^{k_{m}}{x_{m+1}}^{k_{m+1}}\\&({\text{refer the below described Annotation}})\\\end{aligned}}}