パリの公園と庭園の歴史
サクレ・クール寺院のあるモンマルトル、最初にフランスの1870年普仏戦争敗北の後におこるパリ州兵の反乱軍兵士によるパリ・コミューンは2人のフランス将軍の殺害からで、1871年3月に始まる。それはまたそうした場所だった。ジャン=シャルル・アルファンの計画は、教会の前のパービスから丘の底の通りまで80メートル下る園を要求。建築家のジャン=カミーユ・フォルミジェは、丘の底から教会への劇的で遮るもののないアプローチで公園を設計しまた階段と木が並ぶ馬蹄形のランプで接続された2つのテラスを設計。フォルミジェの計画では、階段と平行なカスケードと噴水も求められたが、これらは建設されずに終わる。教会での作業は1880年代に始まるが、以前の採石場のあった丘の中腹に教会を固定することが困難だったため、非常にゆっくりと進んだ。バジリカは1919年まで捧げられず、フォルミジェは1926年に亡くなり、庭園の作業はレオポルド・ベヴィエールによって終了、1929年に捧げられる。公園の元の名前はスクエア・ウィレットで、バーナード・デレノエというパリコミューンで積極的な役割を果たしたアナキストと革命家にちなんでスクエア・ルイーズ・ミシェルと改名された 。
During the reign of Napoleon III, the park became the property of the city of Paris, and was made into a public park. Sections of the park were sold for the construction of large new townhouses to help finance the construction of the park. The park was surrounded by a monumental ornamental iron gate and fence and planted with a wide variety of exotic trees, shrubs and flowers. During the French Third Republic, the park was filled with statues of composers and writers. An arcade of the old Hôtel de Ville, burned by the Paris Commune in 1871, was installed in the garden to provide a picturesque ruin. A few traces of the original folly, including the Egyptian pyramid, can still be seen.
The sculptor Auguste Rodin became one of the tenants in 1908. The house and garden were purchased by the French State in 1911. Part of the garden was taken to build the neighboring Lycée Victor Duruy, but Rodin remained as tenant and placed works of his sculpture along the main path. After his death in 1917, it became a museum devoted to his work, which opened in 1919.
The basin was restored in 1927, but otherwise the garden remained much as it had been under the religious order. Beginning in 1993, the garden was redesigned by landscape designer Jacques Sgard both as an open-air gallery to display the works of Rodin, but also to recapture the appearance of an 18th-century formal French residential garden.