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↑ 『冊府元亀』巻九七「開元十二年......七月、尸利佛逝国王遣使俱摩羅、献侏儒二人、僧耆女二人」
↑ David Brion Davis, Challenging the Boundaries of Slavery (Harvard University Press: 2006), p. 12.
↑ Zamani: A Survey of East African History, p. 104.
↑ Joel Augustus Rogers, John Henrik Clarke, World's Great Men of Color (Simon & Schuster: 1996), p. 166.
1 2 Randall Lee Pouwels, African and Middle Eastern world, 600-1500, (Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 156.
↑ World Civilizations: To 1700, p. 176.
↑ Islam, From Arab To Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era
↑ “Hidden Iraq”. "William Cobb". 2006年12月28日閲覧。
↑ "Islamic History" By M. A. Shaban