ゾーニング (都市計画)
たとえば、米国またはカナダでは、住宅地域に次のサブカテゴリを含めることができる。
Residential occupancies containing sleeping units where the occupants are primarily transient in nature, including: boarding houses, hotels, motels
Residential occupancies containing sleeping units or more than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including: apartment houses, boarding houses, convents, dormitories.
Residential occupancies where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature and not classified as Group R-1, R-2, R-4 or I, including: buildings that do not contain more than two dwelling units, adult care facilities for five or fewer persons for less than 24 hours.
高層マンションなどの高密度に一戸建て住宅など、建物の高さ、空間構造物の量、ロット上の建物の位置(挫折)、多くのスペースの種類の割合など美しいスペース、不浸透面、交通レーン、駐車場が提供されているかどうか。ドイツでは、ゾーニングには、非常に特定の緑地と補償規制を伴う影響評価が含まれており、建築設計に関する規制が含まれる場合があります。個々の計画システムが規制体制にゾーニングをどのように組み込むかの詳細は異なりますが、意図は常に似ています。たとえば、オーストラリアのビクトリア州では、土地利用区域は計画スキームオーバーレイのシステムと組み合わされ、任意の場所で望ましい都市の成果に影響を与える要因の多重性を考慮します。
ほとんどのゾーニング・システムには、問題のプロパティの特定の性質によって引き起こされるいくつかの認識された困難のために、差異(ゾーニング・ルールの例外)を付与する手順があります。
Single-use zoning, also known as Euclidean zoning, is a tool of urban planning that controls land uses in a city. The earliest forms of single-use zoning were practiced in New York city in the early 1900s, to guide its rapid population growth from immigration. Land uses were divided into residential, commercial and industrial areas, now referred to as zones or zoning districts in cities. Single-use zoning became known as Euclidean zoning because of a court case in Euclid, Ohio, which established its constitutionality, Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co. 272 U.S. 365 (1926).
In Canada, land-use control is a provincial responsibility deriving from the constitutional authority over property and civil rights. This authority had been granted to the provinces under the British North America Acts of 1867 and was carried forward in the Constitution Act, 1982. The zoning power relates to real property, or land and the improvements constructed thereon that become part of the land itself (in Québec, immeubles). The provinces empowered the municipalities and regions to control the use of land within their boundaries. There are provisions for control of land use in unorganized areas of the provinces. Provincial tribunals are the ultimate authority for appeals and reviews.
Residential occupancies where the buildings are arranged for occupancy as residential care/assisted living facilities including more than five but not more than 16 occupants.
Conditional zoning allows for increased flexibility and permits municipalities to respond to the unique features of a particular land use application. Uses which might be disallowed under current zoning, such as a school or a community center can be permitted via conditional use zoning.
地区は12の使用ゾーンに分類され 各ゾーンは建物の形状と使用許可を決定する。建物の形状は、許容される床面積比と高さのゾーン制限によって制御される(絶対的な条件、隣接する建物や道路との関係で) 。これらの制御は、建物間および道路上で十分な光と換気を可能にすることを目的としており ゾーン は使い捨てのゾーニングの代わりに、許可される「最も激しい」使用で定義。高度利用は許可されるが、利用度の低いゾーンでは低層利用のみの許可 。