ステム・ライフル
John Gibbon: "The Artillerist's Manual" 1859, (Reprint: Nabu Press (February 4, 2010). ISBN 978-1143696022)
Alfred Mordecai, Julius Schön, Josiah Gorgas (United States. Military Commission to Europe): "Military commission to Europe in 1855 and 1856", (Reprint: Nabu Press (February 17, 2010). ISBN 978-1144733191)
David Westwood: "Rifles: An Illustrated History of Their Impact", ABC-CLIO (March 1, 2005). ISBN 978-1851094011