磁気単極子
E = − ∇ φ e − ∂ A e ∂ t − 1 ε 0 ∇ × A m H = − ∇ φ m − ∂ A m ∂ t + 1 μ 0 ∇ × A e {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\boldsymbol {E}}&=-\nabla \phi _{e}-{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {A}}_{\mathrm {e} }}{\partial t}}-{\frac {1}{\varepsilon _{0}}}\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}_{\mathrm {m} }\\{\boldsymbol {H}}&=-\nabla \phi _{m}-{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {A}}_{\mathrm {m} }}{\partial t}}+{\frac {1}{\mu _{0}}}\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}_{\mathrm {e} }\end{aligned}}}