紫外破綻
Kroemer, Herbert; Kittel, Charles (1980). “Chapter 4”. Thermal Physics (2 ed.). W. H. Freeman Company. ISBN 0-7167-1088-9
Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude; Diu, Bernard; Laloë; Franck (1977). Quantum Mechanics: Volume One. Hermann, Paris. pp. 624–626. ISBN 0-471-16433-X