錯体化学
α M = [ M ] + [ M X 1 , 1 ] + ⋯ + [ M X 1 , x 1 ] + [ M X 2 , 1 ] + ⋯ + [ M X 2 , x 2 ] + ⋯ + [ M X n , 1 ] + [ M X n , x n ] [ M ] = [ M ( X 1 ) ′ ] + ⋯ + [ M ( X n ) ′ ] − ( n − 1 ) [ M ] [ M ] = ∑ j = 1 n α M ( X j ) + 1 − n {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\alpha _{\mathrm {M} }&={\frac {[\mathrm {M} ]+[\mathrm {MX} _{1,1}]+\cdots +[\mathrm {MX} _{1,x1}]+[\mathrm {MX} _{2,1}]+\cdots +[\mathrm {MX} _{2,x2}]+\cdots +[\mathrm {MX} _{n,1}]+[\mathrm {MX} _{n,xn}]}{[\mathrm {M} ]}}\\&={\frac {[\mathrm {M} _{(\mathrm {X} _{1})}']+\cdots +[\mathrm {M} _{(\mathrm {X} _{n})}']-(n-1)[\mathrm {M} ]}{[\mathrm {M} ]}}\\&=\sum _{j=1}^{n}\alpha _{\mathrm {M} (\mathrm {X} _{j})}+1-n\\\end{aligned}}} (34-5)
で表される。