境界州
Turbulent Partnership: Missouri and the Union, 1861-1865 University of Missouri Press, 1963.
Patton, James W. Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860-1867 University of North Carolina Press, 1934.
Rampp, Lary C., and Donald L. Rampp. The Civil War in the Indian Territory. Austin: Presidial Press, 1975.
Sheeler, J. Reuben. "Secession and The Unionist Revolt," Journal of Negro History, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Apr., 1944), pp. 175–185 in JSTOR, covers east Tennessee
Sutherland, Daniel E. A Savage Conflict: The Decisive Role of Guerrillas in the American Civil War (U. of North Carolina Press, 2009) 456 pp
↑ Maury Klein, Days of Defiance: Sumter, Secession, and the Coming of the Civil War (Knopf, 1997) p 22
↑ "From February into the late spring, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, and Arkansas were considered border states" says David Stephen Heidler et al, eds. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002) p. 252
↑ Daniel W. Crofts, Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis (1989)
↑ Barber, Dean. “History of the 1st Alabama Cavalry, USV”.