抗体依存性感染増強
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抗体はウイルスと相互作用して、ウイルスが宿主細胞のエントリーレセプターに付着するのを防ぐ必要がある。しかし、このプロセスは、宿主細胞への感染を防ぐ代わりに、ウイルスの免疫細胞への感染を促進し、ADEを引き起こす可能性がある。ウイルスと結合した後、抗体は、特定の免疫細胞に発現するFcまたは補体受容体と相互作用する。これらの受容体は、免疫細胞によるウイルス-抗体複合体の内在化を促進し、これにより通常はウイルスは破壊される。しかし、ウイルスが抗体複合体から逃れ、分解を避けて免疫細胞内で複製サイクルを開始する可能性も存在する。これは、ウイルスが低親和性の抗体と結合している場合に起こりうる。
α-およびβ-コロナウイルスで、抗体依存性感染増強が報告されている。
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