ポアンカレ双対
Blanchfield, R. C. (1957), “Intersection theory of manifolds with operators with applications to knot theory”, Annals of Mathematics 65 (2): 340–356, doi:10.2307/1969966, JSTOR 1969966, https://jstor.org/stable/1969966
Griffiths, Phillip; Harris, Joseph (1994), Principles of algebraic geometry, Wiley Classics Library, New York: Wiley, ISBN 978-0-471-05059-9, MR1288523