マクマホンライン
173–256, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, https://books.google.com/books?id=Nyk6oA2nOlgC
Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1991), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=Upwq0I-wm7YC
Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1997), The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-21951-9, https://books.google.com/books?id=LI-tIwxk4RAC
Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet (Revised ed.), M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, https://books.