従属栄養生物
"heterotroph fix carbon."
↑ Campbell and Reece (2002). Biology (7th ed.). Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co.. ISBN 978-0805371710. https://archive.org/details/biologyc00camp
↑ Bada, Jeffrey L. (2013). “New insights into prebiotic chemistry from Stanley Miller's spark discharge experiments” (英語). Chemical Society Reviews 42 (5): 2186-2196. doi:10.1039/c3cs35433d. ISSN 0306-0012. PMID 23340907. http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c3cs35433d.
↑ Bracher, Paul J. (2015). “Primordial soup that cooks itself” (英語). Nature Chemistry 7 (4): 273-274. doi:10.1038/nchem.2219. ISSN 1755-4330. PMID 25803461. http://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.2219.
↑ Lazcano, Antonio (2015), Gargaud, Muriel; Irvine, William M.; Amils, Ricardo et al., eds., “Primordial Soup” (英語), Encyclopedia of Astrobiology (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg): 2010-2014, doi:10.