パレスチナ独立戦争
Sir Charles Tegart was a senior police officer brought into Palestine from the colonial force of British India on 21 October 1937.Tegart and his deputy David Petrie (later head of MI5) advised a greater emphasis on foreign intelligence gathering and closure of Palestine's borders. Accordingly, from 1938 Gilbert Mackereth, the British Consul in Damascus, corresponded with Syrian and Transjordan authorities regarding border control and security to counteract arms smuggling and "terrorist" infiltration and produced a report for Tegart on the activities of the Palestine Defence Committee in Damascus.
1 2 3 4 Krämer, 2008, p. 293.
↑ Ferrier and Bamberg, 1994, p. 165.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Thomas, 2008, pp. 244–246.
1 2 3 4 Harouvi, 1999, pp. 32–34.
↑ Frilling, 2005, p. 279.
↑ Adelman, 2008, p. 154.
↑ Frilling, 2005, p. 28.
↑ Kaniuk, 2001, p. 101.
↑ Laffin, 1979, p. 80.
↑ Kimmerling, 1989, p. 38.
↑ Swedenburg, 2003, p. 220.
↑ Morris, 1999, p. 132.
↑ Cleveland, 2000, p. 255.
↑ Sacharov, 2004, p. 23.
↑ Adelman, 2008, p. 156.
↑ Krämer, 2008, p. 292.
1 2 3 4 Segev, 2000, p. 427.
↑ Segev, 2000, p. 426.
1 2 Morris, 1999, p. 149.
1 2 3 4 Johnson, 2010, p. 807.
↑ Etzel – The Establishment of Irgun
1 2 Krämer, 2008, p. 242.
↑ Bajohr, 2002, p. 122.
↑ Segev, 1991, p. 22; p. 29.
↑ Nicosia, 2008, p. 99.
↑ Ben-Ami, 2005, p. 14.
401.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wasserstein, 2004, pp. 106–114
1 2 3 Morris, 1999, pp. 138–144.
↑ William Roger Louis (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization. I.B.Tauris. p. 391. ISBN 978-1-84511-347-6. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 2013年7月25日閲覧。
↑ Benny Morris (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. pp. 11, 48, 49,. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA11&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 2013年7月25日閲覧. ""p. 11 "while the Zionist movement, after much agonising, accepted the principle of partition and the proposals as a basis for negotiation"; p.
There was no single body within the Jewish settlement capable of co-ordinating intelligence gathering before 1939. Until then there were four separate organisations without any regular or formal liaison. These were an underground militia, forerunner of the first official information service, Sherut Yediot (Shai); the Arab Platoon of the Palmach, which was staffed by Jews who were Arab-speaking and Arab-looking; Rekhesh, the arms procurement service, which had its own intelligence gathering capabilities, and likewise the Mossad LeAliyah Bet, the illegal immigration service. In mid-1939 the effort to co-ordinate the activities of these groups was led by Shaul Avigur and Moshe Shertok.
Bombers, which were usually airborne within five minutes, could then either attack insurgents directly or "fix" their position for infantry troops. Forty-seven such XX calls were issued during the revolt, causing heavy losses to the rebels.This use of air power was so successful that the British were able to reduce the regular garrison.In 1936 an Air Staff Officer in Middle East Command based in Egypt, Arthur Harris, known as an advocate of "air policing", commented on the revolt saying that "one 250 lb. or 500 lb. bomb in each village that speaks out of turn" would satisfactorily solve the problem.
最初はシオン主義との衝突はアラブ・パレスチナ人社会を文化・社会・宗教・政治の面で保守的にした。イギリス植民地主義とユダヤ人の侵略の2つの衝撃に対抗して、自分達独自の遺産や存在を保護しようと強く動機付けられたからだ。伝統的にアラブ人は精鋭を輩出していたが、本当の意味での指導者はいなかった。
1930年代に両方変わった。この期間に新しい政治組織や新種の活動家が現れ始め、社会全体を巻き込むようになった。特に田舎社会に長く根付いていた民族主義が都会に定着し始めた。この時期若い活動家が急増した。有名な組織に1931年からシオン主義への武力抵抗を呼びかける「若者のムスリム協会」や汎アラブ感情を表明した「若者議会党」、1936年初頭に設立されて総同盟罷業で活躍した「パレスチナ人スカウト協会」がある。活発な社会問題となっていた女性組織も1920年代末から政治に関わるようになった。1929年にエルサレムで開催された「アラブ女性議会」は200人の参加者を集め、「アラブ女性協会」(後のアラブ女性連合)と共に女権論者のタラブ・アブドゥル・ハディが同時期に設立した。1930年代初頭から新しい政党が現れ始めた。