スコット・ニアリング
この起訴は1918年4月に行われたが、実際にニアリングとランド・スクールの裁判が始まったのは、1919年2月、つまりヨーロッパ戦争が実際に終結してから数カ月後のことだった。
検察側は、ニアリングが軍国主義に反対する文章を書くことによって、合衆国政府がヨーロッパでの軍事活動のために兵士を募集し徴兵する能力を違法に妨害したことを示そうとした。そして、ニアリングが軍国主義やヨーロッパでの戦争に反対する文章を書いたり話したりしたことを認めさせることに力を注いだ。しかし、裁判の最後に、ニアリングは陪審員を前にして、重要な点を指摘した。
The prosecution has not been able to show a single instance in which recruiting was obstructed. They have not been able to show a single instance in which insubordination, disloyalty, and refusal to duty was caused.
ニアリングはこう書いた。
The only way to have intelligent public opinion is to have discussion, and the moment you check discussion you destroy democracy. ...
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