インプット仮説
↑ 「習得」と「学習」の違いについての詳細は#習得学習仮説を参照
↑ 出力の理論や仮説についての詳細は、理解可能な出力(英語版)を参照
↑ ライアン 2007.
↑ Krashen, Stephen (1977). “Some issues relating to the monitor model”. In Brown, H; Yorio, Carlos; Crymes, Ruth. Teaching and learning English as a Second Language: Trends in Research and Practice: On TESOL '77: Selected Papers from the Eleventh Annual Convention of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Miami, Florida, April 26 – May 1, 1977. Washington, DC: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages. pp. 144–158. OCLC 4037133
↑ Byram, Michael (2001). Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning. Taylor & Francis. pp. 413–415. ISBN 978-0-415-12085-2. https://books.google.co.jp/books?