L-BFGS法
Liu, D. C.; Nocedal, J. (1989). “On the Limited Memory Method for Large Scale Optimization”. Mathematical Programming B 45 (3): 503–528. doi:10.1007/BF01589116. http://www.ece.northwestern.edu/~nocedal/PSfiles/limited-memory.ps.gz.
Haghighi (2014年12月2日). “Numerical Optimization: Understanding L-BFGS”. 2022年11月3日閲覧。
Pytlak, Radoslaw (2009). “Limited Memory Quasi-Newton Algorithms”. Conjugate Gradient Algorithms in Nonconvex Optimization. Springer. pp. 159–190. ISBN 978-3-540-85633-7. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Conjugate_Gradient_Algorithms_in_Nonconv/RhRkaDPmwVoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA159