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↑ Getty, Arch; Rittersporn, Gábor; Zemskov, Viktor (1993). “Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-War Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence”. American Historical Review 98 (4): 1017–1049. doi:10.2307/2166597. JSTOR 2166597. http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/GTY-Penal_System.pdf 2022年9月9日閲覧。.
↑ Wheatcroft, Stephen G. (1999). “Victims of Stalinism and the Soviet Secret Police: The Comparability and Reliability of the Archival Data. Not the Last Word”. Europe-Asia Studies 51 (2): 340–342. doi:10.1080/09668139999056. http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/WCR-Secret_Police.pdf. "For decades, many historians counted Stalin' s victims in 'tens of millions', which was a figure supported by Solzhenitsyn.