ネイピア数の表現
ネイピア数 e はいくつかの無限乗積の形式で表現できる。
I. Pippengerの積:
e = 2 ( 2 1 ) 1 / 2 ( 2 3 4 3 ) 1 / 4 ( 4 5 6 5 6 7 8 7 ) 1 / 8 ⋯ {\displaystyle e=2\left({\frac {2}{1}}\right)^{1/2}\left({\frac {2}{3}}\;{\frac {4}{3}}\right)^{1/4}\left({\frac {4}{5}}\;{\frac {6}{5}}\;{\frac {6}{7}}\;{\frac {8}{7}}\right)^{1/8}\cdots }
II. Guillera の積:
e = ∏ n = 1 ∞ ∏ k = 0 n ( k + 1 ) ( − 1 ) k + 1 ( n k ) n = ( 2 1 ) 1 / 1 ( 2 2 1 ⋅ 3 ) 1 / 2 ( 2 3 ⋅ 4 1 ⋅ 3 3 ) 1 / 3 ( 2 4 ⋅ 4 4 1 ⋅ 3 6 ⋅ 5 ) 1 / 4 ⋯ , {\displaystyle e=\prod _{n=1}^{\infty }{\sqrt[{n}]{\prod _{k=0}^{n}(k+1)^{(-1)^{k+1}{n \choose k}}}}=\left({\frac {2}{1}}\right)^{1/1}\left({\frac {2^{2}}{1\cdot 3}}\right)^{1/2}\left({\frac {2^{3}\cdot 4}{1\cdot 3^{3}}}\right)^{1/3}\left({\frac {2^{4}\cdot 4^{4}}{1\cdot 3^{6}\cdot 5}}\right)^{1/4}\cdots ,}