在基督教神學中，三元論（Tripartite）認為人是三個不同部分組成的複合體：身體（body）、靈（spirit）和魂（soul）。另一種觀點二元論（bipartite）則認為魂和靈只是同一實體（靈魂）的不同表達。



三元論的支持者

以下許多神學家都見於路易・伯克富（Louis Berkhof）的《系統神學》、 史特朗（Augustus H. Strong）的《系統神學》、 簡・雅各布・范・奧斯特茲（Jan Jacob van Oosterzee）的《基督教教義》（Christian Dogmatics）、 約翰・比克福德・赫德（John Bickford Heard）的《人的三重性》(_Tripartite Nature of Man_), 和亨利・德・呂巴克（Henri de Lubac）的《歷史與精神》。。

 



參見


* 二元論

* 人論

* Christian psychology

* 一元論



參考


* _The Ante-Nicene Fathers_. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Reprint. 10 Vols. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994.

* Alford, Henry. _The New Testament for English Readers_. 2 Vols. London: Rivingtons, 1872.

* Augustine. _Confessions: Books I-XIII_. Trans. F. J. Sheed. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub., 1993.

* Berkhof, Louis. _Systematic Theology_. Eerdmans, 1996.

* Boardman, George D. "The Scriptural Anthropology." _Baptist Quarterly_ Vol. 1 (1867): 177–190, 325–340, 428–444.

* Delitzsch, Franz. _A System of Biblical Psychology_. Trans. Robert E. Wallis. 2nd, English ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1885.

* Ellicott, C. J. _The Destiny of the Creature_. London: Longmans, Green, 1865.

* Good, Roger. "The Parts of Man in Translation." _Affirmation and Critique_ II.4 (October 1997).

* Good, Roger. "The Progressive Revelation of Man." _Affirmation and Critique_ III.1 (January 1998).

* Heard, John Bickford. _The Tripartite Nature of Man_. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1868.

* Hendry, George S. _The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology_. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1956.

* Hodge, Charles. _Systematic Theology_. Ed. Edward N. Gross. Abridged ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1992.

* "Is Man Tripartite or Bipartite?" Catholic Answers. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2017.

* Kelley, John N. D. _Early Christian Doctrines_. 5th, revised ed. London: Continuum, 1977.

* Lang, G. H. _Firstfruits and Harvest: A Study in Resurrection and Rapture_. Miami Springs, FL: Conley & Schoettle Pub., 1985.

* Layton, Richard A. _Didymus the Blind and His Circle in Late-antique Alexandria_. Urbana: University of Illinois, 2004

* Lee, Witness. _The Spirit With Our Spirit_. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1994.

* Lee, Witness. _The Knowledge of Life_. 2nd ed. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1988.

* Lubac, Henri De. _History and Spirit: The Understanding of Scripture According to Origen_. San Francisco: Ignatius, 2007.

* Marais, J. I. "Psychology." _International Standard Bible Encyclopedia_. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1939.

* McDonough, Mary E. _God's Plan of Redemption_. Bournemouth: Overcomer Book Room, 1922.

* Nee, Watchman. _The Spiritual Man_. New York: Christian Fellowship, 1968.

* Oehler, Gust Fr. _Theology of the Old Testament_. Trans. George Edward Day. 2nd ed. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1884.

* Pelikan, Jaroslav. _The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Vol. 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600)_. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1971.

* Pember, G. H. _Earth's Earliest Ages_. London: Pickering & Inglis, 1900.

* Pester, John. "The Human Spirit in the Experience of the Triune God." _Affirmation and Critique_ I.2 (April 1996).

* Pink, Arthur W. _Gleanings in Genesis_. Paperback ed. Chicago, IL: Moody, 1922.

* Scofield, C. I. _The New Scofield Reference Bible_. New York: Oxford UP, 1967.

* Schaff, Philip. _History of the Christian Church_. Vol 3. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.

* Stalker, James. _Christian Psychology_. New York and London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1914.

* Strong, Augustus H. _Systematic Theology_. Valley Forge, PA: Judson, 1907.

* Van Oosterzee, Jan Jacob. _Christian Dogmatics_. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1874.

* Woodward, John B. _Man as Spirit, Soul, and Body: A Study of Biblical Psychology_. Pigeon Forge, TN.: Grace Fellowship International, 2007.



外部連結


* The Tripartite Makeup of Man （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (wholereason.com)

* Tripartite Man （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (tripartiteman.org)

* The Collected Works of Watchman Nee （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）