詹姆斯・艾瑞克・德拉蒙德，第七代伯斯伯爵，GCMG，CB，PC，DL，（英語：James Eric Drummond，1876 年 8 月 17 日 —1951 年 12 月 15 日），英國政治家和外交官，曾任國際聯盟第一任秘書長（1920 年 - 1933 年）。

德拉蒙德為人穩重而謙遜，他在任期間成功地培養了一支高效的國際公務員隊伍，並在 1926 年參與促成了德國加入國聯。然而，由於來自國聯最主要的成員英國和法國的壓力，他未能於任內解決重大的國際爭端（譬如滿洲事變）。1933 年辭任國聯秘書長後擔任英國駐義大利全權大使（1933 年 - 1939 年），其後擔任政府信息部負責對外宣傳的首席顧問（1939 年 - 1940 年）。1946 年，他成為了上議院自由黨的副領袖。



注釋



參考書籍


* "The Secretariat of the League of Nations" (1931), Paper read before the institute of public administration, 19 March 1931, English.

* "Ten Years of World Cooperation" (1930), book, published by the Secretariat of the League of Nations. Foreword by Drummond, English.

* "The International Secretariat of the Future; Lessons from Experience by a Group of Former Officials of the League of Nations." (1944), book, co-authored by Drummond, English.

* Procès-verbal... du Conseil de la Société des nations... (Minutes of the Council of the League of Nations (1920–24), Speech. English.

* The League of Nations BBC National Lectures (1933)

* The organisation of peace and the Dumbarton Oaks proposals (1945), pamphlets on Dumberton Oaks proposals, Vol. 8, no. 1

* Annuaire de l'Association yougoslave de droit international: Année (Journal, French)

* Procès-verbal... du Conseil de la Société des nations = Minutes of the... Council of the League of Nations (1921).Book

* Germany after the war: proposals of a Liberal Party Committee by Eric Drummond (1944). Book.

* Ten years of world co-operation. Published by League of Nations. Foreword by Drummond (1930)

* Procès-verbal... du Conseil de la Société des nations = Minutes of the... Council of the League of Nations Minutes of the... Council of the League of Nations. 1st–15th session, Jan. 16, 1920-19 Nov. 1921. Book

* The aims of the League of Nations (1929). Book

* Les réfugiés Russes : Lettre du Comité International de la Croix-Rouge et réponse du Secrétaire Général by League of Nations (1921). Book in French

* Dix ans de coopération intellectuelle (1930). Book in French

* Speech made by Sir Eric Drummond, Secretary-general of the League of nations by Conference for the Codification of International Law (1930). Book

* Brief van James Eric Drummond (1876–1951) aan Willem Jan Mari van Eysinga (1878–1961) (1921). Book in Dutch

* Correspondence respecting League of Nations matters, Feb. 1918-Oct. 1924 [accumulated at the Foreign Office during the first part of his term of office as Secretary-general of the League of Nations] (1924). Book



延伸閱讀


* James Barros: _Office Without Power_ (1979), book about Drummond and his time as secretary-general.

* Araceli Julia P. Gelardi: _Sir Eric Drummond, Britain’s Ambassador to Italy, and British Foreign Policy during the Italo-Abyssinian Crisis of 1935–1936_ (1982), master's thesis about Drummond as British ambassador to Italy.



來源


* Chapman, Michael E. _Fidgeting over Foreign Policy: Henry L. Stimson and the Shenyang Incident, 1931._ Oxford Journals: Diplomatic History, Volume 37, Issue 4 (2013).

* Dykmann, Klaas & Naumann, Katja, eds. _Changes from the "Margins": Non-European Actors, Ideas and Strategies in International Organizations_ (Leipzig, 2014).

* Craig, Gordon A., and Gilbert, Felix. eds. _The Diplomats 1919–1939_ (Princeton University Press, 1994).

* Barros, James. _Office Without Power: Secretary-General Sir Eric Drummond 1919–1933_ (Oxford 1979).

* Lorna Lloyd. "Drummond, (James) Eric, seventh earl of Perth (1876–1951)," _Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,_ Oxford University Press, 2004; online ed, January 2011 accessed 7 October 2014 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Lloyd, Lorna. "The League of Nations and the Settlement of Disputes" _World Affairs_. Vol. 157, No. 4, Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations: Part One (Spring 1995).

* Macfadyen, D.; Davies, M.; Carr, M.; Burley, J. 2019. _Eric Drummond and his Legacies: The League of Nations and the Beginnings of Global Governance_. Palgrave, 2019 online （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Walters, F. P., A History of the League of Nations, Oxford University Press, 1952. (available online （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）)

* Yearwood, Peter J. _Guarantee of Peace: The League of Nations in British Policy 1914–1925_. Oxford Scholarship Online (2009)



外部連結


* http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）