胡蜂科（Vespidae）是膜翅目胡蜂總科下的一個大科，其下有將近五千種生物，既有群居的蜂；也有獨居的蜂。其下的多種生物都是花粉的傳播者。

胡蜂科下的馬蜂亞科（Polistinae）和胡蜂亞科（Vespinae）全部是群居性生物，而蜾蠃亞科、Euparagiinae 和 Masarinae 與之完全相反，全部是獨居生物。只有狹腹胡蜂亞科的生物二者兼具。

馬蜂亞科和胡蜂亞科的生物並不直接取用獵物，而是在將其餵給幼蟲後食用幼蟲排出的含有高胺基酸的液體。



下屬分類

本科包括以下屬：


* _Acarepipona_ Giordani Soika, 1985

* _Acutopterocheilus_ Kurzenko, 1988

* _Aethiopicodynerus_ Gusenleitner, 1997

* _Agalaia_

* _Agelaia_ Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836

* _Alastoroides_ Saussure, 1856

* _Alivespa_ Wu et al., 2020

* _Alpha_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Alstor_

* _Ancistrocerus_ Wesmael, 1836

* _Ancystrocerus_ Dalla Torre, 1894

* _Angiopolybia_ Araujo, 1946

* _Anischnogaster_

* _Anthreneida_ White, 1841

* _Apoica_ Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836

* _Archaeovespa_ Wu et al., 2020

* _Asiapterocheilus_ Kurzenko, 1988

* _Asteloeca_ Raw, 1985

* _Atropancistrocerus_ Blüthgen, 1938

* _Baeoprymna_ Cameron, 1912

* _Beta_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Brachygastra_ Perty, 1833

* _Caba_ Ihering, 1904

* _Cesachilus_ Koçak et Kemal, 2010

* _Chalogaster_ Carpenter et Starr, 2000

* _Chartergellus_ Bequaert, 1938

* _Charterginus_ Fox, 1898

* _Chatergellus_

* _Clypearia de_ Saussure, 1854

* _Clypeopolybia_ Brèthes, 1923

* _Covextrocerus_

* _Curiosavespa_

* _Curiosivespa_ Rasnitsyn, 1975

* _Cyanotiphia_ Cameron, 1907

* _Cyrtalabulus_

* _Deuterapoica_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Deuterepipona_ Blüthgen, 1951

* _Didymogastra_ Perty, 1833

* _Dolchivespula_

* 長黃胡蜂屬 _Dolichovespula_ Rohwer, 1916

* _Duckea_ Silveira, 2008

* _Emeryrhynchium_ Gusenleitner, 2007

* _Epicnemius_ Richards, 1973

* _Epipona_ Latreille, 1802

* _Estiella_ Giordani Soika, 1992

* _Eualastor_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Euceramius_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Euleptochilus_ Bluthgen, 1943

* _Eumenes_ Latreille, 1802

* _Eumenidium_

* _Eumontezumia_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Euodynerus_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Eupolybia_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Eurrhynchium_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Eustennogaster_ ，也拼作 _Eustenogaster_

* _Eusynagris_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Extraepipona_ Gusenleitner, 2014

* _Extreuodynerus_ Gusenleitner, 2007

* _Fuscopolistes_ Richards, 1973

* _Ghilarocheilus_ Kurzenko, 1988

* _Gibberrhynchium_ Gusenleitner, 2002

* _Gibbodynerus_ Gusenleitner, 2000

* _Gnatho_ Klug, 1810

* _Gribodiana_ Gusenleitner, 2011

* _Gymnopolybia_ Ducke, 1914

* _Hymenosmithia_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Hypalastoroidwes_

* _Hypodynerus_ Saussure, 1855

* _Icaria de_ Saussure, 1853

* _Icariastrum_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Immutatus_ Gusenleitner, 2011

* _Indodynerus_ Gusenleitner, 2008

* _Ischnogaster_

* _Ischogasteroides_

* _Kalliepipona_ Giordani Soika, 1952

* _Leipomeles_ Möbius, 1856

* _Leptocilus_

* _Leptopolistes_ Blüthgen, 1943

* _Lionotus_ Thomson, 1870

* _Liostenogaster_

* _Marimbonda_ Richards, 1978

* _Masariella_ Brauns, 1905

* _Megacanothopus_

* _Megacanthopus_ Ducke, 1904

* _Megaodynerus_

* _Megapterocheilus_ Bohart, 1940

* _Melissaia_ Shuckard, 1841

* _Metapolybia_ Ducke, 1905

* _Metischnogaster_

* _Micropterocheilus_ Bohart, 1940

* _Mischocyttarius_

* _Mischocyttarus_ Saussure, 1853

* _Mischocyttarys_

* _Mischocyytarus_

* _Monacanthocnemis_ Ducke, 1905

* _Monerebia_ Saussure, 1852

* _Monoplomerus_ Blüthgen, 1941

* _Myrapetra_ White, 1841

* _Myraptera_ Curtis, 1844

* _Nectarina_ Shuckard, 1840

* _Nectarinella_ Bequaert, 1938

* _Neodiscoelius_ Stange, 1979

* _Neopterocheilus_ Kurzenko, 1988

* _Nicastrocerus_

* _Norteumenes_ Gusenleitner et Gusenleitner, 2013

* _Nygmopolistes_ Richards, 1973

* _Odnyerus_

* _Odynerus_ Latreille, 1802

* _Okinawepipona_ Nguyen, Nguyen et Bozdoğan, 2018

* _Onchopterocheilus_ Bohart, 1940

* _Onerarius_ Richards, 1973

* _Orientalicesa_ Koçak et Kemal, 2010

* _Pachyodynerus_

* _Palaeopolistes_ Perrard et Carpenter, 2014

* _Palaeopolybia_ Antropov, 2014

* 古黃蜂屬 _Palaeovespa_ Cockerell, 1906

* _Palisotius_ Richards, 1973

* _Paraceramius_ Saussure, 1855

* _Parachartergus_ R.von Ihering, 1904

* _Paraicaria_ Gribodo, 1892

* _Parapolybia_ Saussure, 1854

* _Pararhaphidoglossa_ von Schulthess, 1910

* _Parastalor_ Blöthgen, 1939

* _Parasymmorphus_ Gumming & van der Vecht, 1986

* _Paratropancistrocerus_ Blüthgen, 1938

* _Paravespa_ Bell, 1936

* 側狹腹胡蜂屬 _Parischnogaster_ Schulthess, 1914

* _Polistarchus_ Richards, 1973

* _Polistoides_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Polistoides_ Reemer

* _Polistratus_ Cameron, 1906

* _Polybia_ Richards, 1978

* _Polybioides_ Buysson, 1913

* _Priorparagia_ Brothers et Rasnitsyn, 2008

* _Priorvespa_ Carpenter et Rasnitsyn, 1990

* _Protapoica_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Protonectarina_ Ducke, 1910

* _Protopolistes_ Antropov, 2014

* _Protopolybia_ Ducke, 1905

* _Protovespa_ Perrard et Carpenter, 2017

* _Provespa_ Ashmead, 1903

* _Pseudepipona_ Blüthgen, 1938

* _Pseudochartergus_ Ducke, 1905

* _Pseudomicrodyneru_

* _Pseudonortonia_ Giordani Soika, 1936

* _Pseudopolybia de_ Saussure, 1863

* _Pseudopterochilus_ Kostuilev, 1940

* _Pseudpolistes_

* _Psiloglossa_ Dalla Torre, 1894

* _Rethus_

* _Rhaphidoglossa_ Dalla Torre, 1894

* 鈴腹胡蜂屬 _Ropalidia_ Guérin-Méneville, 1831

* _Sarochilus_ Gusenleitner, 1970

* _Saryara_ Kuznetzov, 1923

* _Saussurea_ Silveira, 2008

* _Scytokeraia_ Cooper, 1997

* _Sibyllina_ Westwood, 1868

* _Simplepipona_ Gusenleitner, 2004

* _Smithia_ Saussure, 1855

* _Sphaerancistrocerus_ Antropov, 2014

* _Stelopolybia_ Ducke, 1910

* _Stenancistrocerus_ Blüthgen, 1938

* _Stenochilus_ Giordani Soika, 1987

* _Stenodyneroides_ Giordani Soika, 1940

* _Stenodyneru_

* _Stenogaster_ Guérin, 1831

* _Sybillina_ Dalla Torre, 1894

* _Synoeca de_ Saussure, 1852

* _Synoecoides_ Ducke, 1905

* _Tanyzethus_ Cameron, 1910

* _Tatua_ Saussure, 1854

* _Tetrarthra_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Triarthra_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Trichinothorax_ Carpenter et Day, 1988

* _Trichothorax_ Richards, 1978

* _Ubirodynerus_ Borsato, 1994

* _Vespa_ Linnaeus, 1758

* _Vespula_ Thomson, 1869

* _Wettsteinia_ Dalla Torre, 1904

* _Zetamenes_ Bertoni, 1925

* _Zethoides_ Fox, 1899



參考文獻



外部連結


* Evolutionary history of social behavior in Vespids

* Stunning photographs of Vespidae (and other insects) in flight （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Vespidae: Potter wasps; vespid wasps; social wasps; hornets; paper wasps; yellowjackets （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）