六放海綿綱（Hexactinellida）為多孔動物門的一個綱。該綱動物具有矽質骨針，有些骨針能聚合成網狀的骨架。骨骼中無海綿質。本綱又稱為玻璃海綿。六放海綿綱動物大多數生活在 200～8500 米的海底。常被用做觀賞用途，主要生存於深海當中，這種海綿也與海裡的甲殼類生物共生，通常會有兩隻，一公一母的蝦類以此為家。在日本，骨骼經過人類製作之後，成為一種愛情的紀念品。英語俗名 Venus' Flower Basket。而受到一定程度的歡迎。



型態

形體大，骨骼全由矽質骨針組成，無海綿絲。典型的大骨針多為六射三軸針，互成直角，故又稱六射海綿綱。此外還有四射雙軸針等。骨針往往連線形成立體格架。小骨針呈六射星狀或雙盤狀。簡單複溝型，鞭毛室大；某些古生代種類還有單溝型。元古代晚期至現代。

在眾多能拿來跟玻璃相比的透明物種當中，最接近玻璃的應當屬維納斯花籃。它們長得像一個精緻的花瓶，因此而得名。它們也被稱作玻璃海綿，它們骨骼的主要成分是矽，這也是玻璃的主要成分。

主要特徵還有海綿特有的矽質骨針，並集結成纖巧的幾何網路，如偕老同穴（Venus's flower basket）一般，玻璃海綿中央腔內常寄居一對共生儷蝦，蝦在幼蟲的時候住進去，長大之後就逃不出去了。然後兩隻蝦被囚困其中，靠流進中央腔的水流而獲食物。這樣的海綿動物在日本成為了頗受歡迎的結婚禮物。



食性

玻璃海綿以從水中過濾而來的最小浮游生物為食，最大可以生長到兩米以上，它們花瓶般的身體構造為魚類、無脊椎動物以及其它海洋生物提供了完美的躲藏、產卵和生存的環境。玻璃海綿像珊瑚一樣開闢著自己的棲息地，在一定程度上，它們就像海床上的城市，無論它們生長在何處，總是會吸引來其它的海洋生物。



分類

六放海綿綱分為兩個亞綱：


* 雙盤海綿亞綱 Amphidiscophora

* 六放海綿亞綱 Hexasterophora

本綱包含以下目：


* 雙盤海綿目 Amphidiscosida

* 燈籠海綿目 Lychniscosida

* 松骨海綿目 Lyssacinosida

* 權杖海綿目 Sceptrulophora

目地位未定的科：


* Aglithodictyidae

* Asthenospongiidae

* Celyphiidae

* Cliefdenellidae

* Colospongiidae

* Cystispongiidae

* Cystothalamiidae

* Dictyospongiidae

* Dierespongiidae

* Docodermatidae

* Hemidiscellidae

* Hintzespongiidae

* Hyalostellidae

* Hydnodictyidae

* Leptophragmatidae

* Multivasculatidae

* Pachyteichismatidae

* Pattersoniidae

* Pileolitidae

* Pileospongiidae

* Pillaraspongiidae

* Plieolitidae

* Porispongiidae

* Protospongiidae

* Sebargasiidae

* Staurodermatidae

* Stereodictyidae

* Stromatidiidae

* Teganiidae

* Thaumastocoeliidae

* Titusvillidae

* Titusvilliidae

* Triactinellidae

* Uphantenidae

* Wareembaiidae

目和科地位未定的屬：


* _Acanthactinella_ Hinde, 1887

* _Aglithodictya_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Antrispongia_ Quenstedt, 1878

* _Arystidictyon_

* _Asociatella_ Hurcewicz, 1985

* _Astroconia_ Sollas, 1881

* _Aulacosia_ Rauff, 1933

* _Aulodomus_ Schrammen, 1936

* _Australispongia_ Xiping & Knoll, 1996

* _Azyrtalia_ Nazarov, 1973

* _Baccispongia_ Quenstedt, 1877

* _Belonisia_ Rauff, 1933

* _Bothroconis_ King, 1850

* _Botryodictya_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Caesaria_ Quenstedt, 1858

* _Calpidospongia_ Wu, 1989

* _Carbonella_ Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986

* _Carinthiaspongus_ Krainer & Mostler, 1992

* _Caseispongia_ Quenstedt, 1878

* _Chelispongia_ Webby & Trotter, 1993

* _Chirospongia_ Miller, 1889

* _Cincliderma_ Hinde, 1883

* _Clepsydrospongia_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Corticospongia_ Caster, 1939

* _Crepospongia_ Wu, 1989

* _Crucispongia_ Quenstedt, 1877

* _Cryptodictya_ Hall, 1890

* _Cyathophycella_ Rigby & Stuart, 1988

* _Cyrtobolia_ Pocta, 1883

* _Czarnockiella_ Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986

* _Decumbispongia_ Botting, Muir, Li & Lin, 2013

* _Dialyscyphia_ Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986

* _Diaretula_ Schmidt, 1879

* _Dilatispongia_ Botting, 2004

* _Diphyllospira_ Herrmann-Degen, 1980

* _Diplopleura_ Regnard, 1925

* _Dvorcia_ Nekvasilová & Štemproková, 1960

* _Emploca_ Sollas, 1883

* _Eubrochus_ Sollas, 1876

* _Euplectinella_ Termier, Termier & Thibieroz, 1990

* _Eutactostomium_ Herrmann-Degen, 1980

* _Farreopsis_ Schrammen, 1924

* _Flosculus_ Xiping & Knoll, 1996

* _Gonamispongia_ Korshunov, 1968

* _Gongylospongia_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Griphodictya_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Haljalaspongia_ Botting & Rhebergen, 2011

* _Hallodictya_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Helicodictya_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Hemidiagoniella_ Botting, 2004

* _Hemidiscella_

* _Hexactractiella_

* _Hexatractiella_ Mehl, 1996

* _Hillendia_ Reid, 1964

* _Hintzesnonaia_

* _Hodsia_ Moisseev, 1939

* _Holasterella_

* _Holasterella_ Carter, 1879

* _Hunteria_ Van Soest & Hooper, 2020

* _Hyalocaulus_ Marshall & Meyer, 1877

* _Hydnocerina_ Clarke, 1920

* _Idiodictyon_ de Laubenfels, 1955

* _Iowaspongia_ Thomas, 1923

* _Irpaspongia_ Mehl & Mostler, 1994

* _Ithacadictya_ Caster, 1939

* _Kaiyangites_ Qian & Yin, 1984

* _Koleostoma_ Regnard, 1925

* _Kometia_ Webby & Trotter, 1993

* _Konyrium_ Nazarov & Popov, 1976

* _Krainerella_ Krainer & Mostler, 1992

* _Laocaetis_

* _Larispongia_ Carrera, 1998

* _Lecanocoelospongia_ Wu, 1989

* _Lithospongia_ Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864

* _Lobospongia_ Hurcewicz, 1985

* _Lonsda_ de Laubenfels, 1955

* _Lopanella_ Pocta, 1883

* _Lysactinella_

* _Mastodictya_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Mastodictyum_ Sollas, 1883

* _Megastylia_

* _Mimeticosia_

* _Multiloqua_ de Laubenfels, 1955

* _Multivasculatus_ Howell & Van Houten, 1940

* _Mysterium_ de Laubenfels, 1955

* _Nephelispongia_

* _Nitidus_ de Laubenfels, 1955

* _Octobrum_ de Laubenfels, 1955

* _Oospongia_ Wu, 1989

* _Oxyrhizium_ Schrammen, 1912

* _Ozospongia_

* _Pachaulidium_ Schmidt, 1880

* _Pachylepisma_ Schrammen, 1902

* _Palaeophragmodictya_ Gehling & Rigby, 1996

* _Palaeorossella_ Li et al., 2019

* _Palaeostauronema_

* _Paleophragmodictya_ Gehling & Rigby, 1996

* _Paleostauronema_ Hurcewicz, 1985

* _Paracraticularia_ Schrammen, 1936

* _Parahexactinella_ Reid, 1963

* _Petalop_e Pocta, 1883

* _Phormosella_ Hinde, 1888

* _Pinnatispongia_ Xiping & Knoll, 1996

* _Placochlaenia_ Pomel, 1872

* _Placospongia_ Wu, 1989

* _Plecteurete_ Herrmann-Degen, 1980

* _Plecteurette_

* _Plectoderma_ Hinde, 1883

* _Plectospyris_ Sollas, 1883

* _Pleodioria_ Öpik, 1961

* _Polonoscyphia_ Hurcewicz, 1985

* _Polyosepia_

* _Polyplectella_ Ruedemann, 1925

* _Polyptycha_ Defretin-Lefranc, 1961

* _Polyschema_ Oppliger, 1915

* _Polystigmatium_ Schrammen, 1912

* _Polysyge_

* _Poriferella_ Hurcewicz, 1985

* _Porospongia_ d'Orbigny, 1849

* _Prenehydnoceras_ Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986

* _Proeurete_ Schrammen, 1902

* _Protoarmstrongia_ Caster, 1941

* _Protremadictyon_ Hurcewicz, 1985

* _Psephosyllogus_ Schrammen, 1936

* _Pseudotragos_ Nutsubidze, 1965

* _Pyrenospongia_ Wu, 1989

* _Ramulospongia_ Hurcewicz, 1985

* _Repospongia_ Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986

* _Retifungus_ Rietschel, 1970

* _Rhabdosispongia_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Rhabdostauridium_ Schmidt, 1880

* _Rhakistella_ Weller, 1931

* _Rhogostomium_ Schrammen, 1936

* _Rhombedonium_ Schrammen, 1936

* _Rhombodictyon_ Whitfield, 1886

* _Rhopalicna_

* _Rigbykia_ Özdikmen, 2009

* _Roemerispongia_ Hall & Clarke, 1898

* _Rosella_ Vassiljeva, 1988

* _Rugosoderma_ Howell, 1957

* _Scotospongia_ Krainer & Mostler, 1992

* _Sestrocladiella_ Howell, 1957

* _Silicunculus_ Bengtson, 1986

* _Solusrectus_ Botting, 2004

* _Spiractinella_ Hinde, 1887

* _Sulugurella_ Pelman, Ermak, Fedorov, Luchinina, Zhuravleva, Repina, Bondarev & Borodaevskaya, 1990

* _Sycodictya_ Ruedemann, 1925

* _Synaulia_ Pocta, 1883

* _Teganiella_ Rigby, 1985

* _Teganium_ Rauff, 1894

* _Testiispongia_ Rigby, 1983

* _Textispongia_ Quenstedt, 1877

* _Thamnodictya_ Hall, 1884

* _Uphantena_

* _Uralonema_

* _Ursaspongia_ Rigby, 1985

* _Ventriculita_

* _Walcottella_ de Laubenfels, 1955

* _Xenoschrammenus_

* _Xylospongia_ Hérenger, 1942

* _Zittelospongia_ Malfatti, 1901



參考文獻