天蛾科（學名：Sphingidae）是鱗翅目的一科，科名取自希臘語「Sphinx」，即希臘神話中的怪物「斯芬克斯」。
天蛾科下轄 200 多個屬，約 1,450 個品種。本科物種大多數於熱帶生活，但其每一個地區都有其蹤影。本科昆蟲主要特徵是前翅狹長，後翅呈短三角形，複眼大，胸部粗壯，腹部末端尖及呈流線型，觸角端部細而彎曲。體型中等到大，所以可作快速及持續的飛行，最長可達每小時 40 到 50 公里。



分類

早期分類

在 1903 年，Rothschild and Jordan 最先為天蛾科物種作科學化的分類，以物種有沒有感毛（microtrichia），把整個科分為感毛組與無感毛組兩大組，下設五亞科七大族，分別如下：


* 無感毛組 (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) Janse, 1932
  
* 面形天蛾亞科：約 40 屬 200 種
  
* 雲紋天蛾亞科（Ambulicinae）

* 感毛組 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
  
* 透翅天蛾亞科
  
* 蜂形天蛾亞科
  
* 斜紋天蛾亞科

現時分類

現時的分類把原來的無感毛組一分為二，成為了天蛾亞科和目天蛾亞科；而原來的感毛組成為現在的長喙天蛾亞科。

天蛾科以下的 200 多個屬，現時分作三個亞科，分別如下：


* 天蛾亞科
  
* 面形天蛾族
  
* 天蛾族

* 目天蛾亞科
  
* 鷹翅天蛾族（_Ambulycini_）
  
* 目天蛾族（_Smerinthini_）
  
* 絨天蛾族（_Sphingulini_）

* 長喙天蛾亞科 Harris, 1839
  
* Dilophonotini 族
  
* 長喙天蛾族
  
* Philampelini 族

屬


* _Acanthosphinx_ Aurivillius, 1892

* 面形天蛾屬 _Acherontia_ Laspeyres, 1809

* _Acosmerycoides_ Mell, 1922

* _Acosmeryx_ Boisduval, 1874

* _Adhemarius_ Oiticica, 1939

* _Aellopos_ Hübner, 1819

* _Afroclanis_ Carcasson, 1968

* _Afrosataspes_ Basquin & Cadiou, 1986

* _Afrosphinx_ Carcasson, 1968

* _Agnosia_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Agrius_ Hübner, 1819

* _Akbesia_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Aleuron_ Boisduval, 1870

* _Altijuba_ Lachlan, 1999

* _Ambulyx_ Westwood, 1847

* _Amorpha_ Hübner, 1809

* _Ampeloeca_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Ampelophaga_ Bremer & Grey, 1853

* _Amphimoea_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Amphion_ Hübner, 1819

* _Amplypterus_ Hübner, 1819

* _Anambulyx_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Andriasa Walker, 1856_

* _Angonyx Boisduval, 1874_

* _Antinephele Holland, 1889_

* _Apocalypsis Butler, 1876_

* _Arctonotus Boisduval, 1852_

* _Atemnora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Autogramma Oiticica, 1946_

* _Avinoffia Clark, 1929_

* _Baniwa Lichy, 1981_

* _Barbourion Clark, 1934_

* _Basiothia Walker, 1856_

* _Batocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Bergmania Bryk, 1946_

* _Berutana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Cadiouclanis Eitschberger, 2007_

* _Callambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Callionima Lucas, 1857_

* _Callosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1916_

* _Calymnia Walker, 1856_

* _Cautethia Grote, 1865_

* _Cechenena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Cechetra_

* _Celerio Oken, 1815_

* _Centroctena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Cephonodes Hübner, 1819_

* _Ceratomia Harris, 1839_

* _Cerberonoton_

* _Ceridia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Chaerocina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Chelacnema_

* _Chloroclanis_ Carcasson, 1968

* _Cizara_ Walker, 1856

* _Clanidopsis_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Clanis_ Hübner, 1819

* _Clarina Tutt, 1903_

* _Cocytius Hübner, 1819_

* _Coelonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Coenotes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Coequosa Walker, 1856_

* _Compsogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Compsulyx Holloway, 1979_

* _Craspedortha Mell, 1922_

* _Cressonia Grote & Robinson, 1865_

* _Cypa Walker, 1864_

* _Cypoides Matsumura, 1921_

* _Dahira Moore, 1888_

* _Daphnis Hübner, 1819_

* _Daphnusa Walker, 1856_

* _Darapsa Walker, 1856_

* _Dargeclanis Eitschberger, 2007_

* _Degmaptera Hampson, 1896_

* _Deidamia Clemens, 1859_

* _Deilephila Laspeyres, 1809_

* _Diludia Grote & Robinson, 1865_

* _Dolba Walker, 1856_

* _Dolbina Staudinger, 1887_

* _Dolbogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Dovania_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Elibia_ Walker, 1856

* _Ellenbeckia_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Enpinanga_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Enyo_ Hübner, 1819

* _Erinnis_

* _Erinnyis Hübner, 1819_

* _Euchloron Boisduval, 1875_

* _Eumorpha Hübner, 1807_

* _Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway, 1989_

* _Euproserpinus Grote & Robinson, 1865_

* _Eupyrrhoglossum Grote, 1865_

* _Euryglottis Boisduval, 1874_

* _Eurypteryx Felder, 1874_

* _Falcatula Carcasson, 1968_

* _Gehlenia Bryk, 1944_

* _Giganteopalpus Huwe, 1895_

* _Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858_

* _Grammodia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Grillotius Rougeot, 1973_

* _Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching, 1990_

* _Gurelca Kirby, 1880_

* _Gynoeryx Carcasson, 1968_

* _Gynoeryx Guenée, 1865_

* _Haemaris Dalman, 1816_

* _Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982_

* _Hemaris Dalman, 1816_

* _Hemeroplanes Hübner, 1819_

* _Heppneriana_

* _Himantoides Butler, 1877_

* _Hippotion Hübner, 1819_

* _Hopliocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Hoplistopus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Hyles Hübner, 1819_

* 松天蛾屬 _Hyloicus_ Hübner, 1819

* _Hypaedalea_ Butler, 1877

* _Hypaedalia_ Butler, 1877

* _Ihlegramma_ Eitschberger, 2003

* _Imber_ Moulds, Tuttle & Lane, 2010

* _Isognathus_ Felder & Felder, 1862

* _Isogramma_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Isoparce_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Kentrochrysalis_ Staudinger, 1887

* _Kloneus_ Skinner, 1923

* _Langia Moore, 1872_

* _Laothoe Fabricius, 1807_

* _Lapara Walker, 1856_

* _Lepchina Oberthür, 1904_

* _Leptoclanis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Leucomonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Leucophlebia Westwood, 1847_

* _Leucorhampha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Leucostrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Likoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Litosphingia Jordan, 1920_

* _Lomocyma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Lophostethus Butler, 1876_

* _Lycosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Maassenia Saalmüller, 1884_

* _Macroglossum Scopoli, 1777_

* _Macropoliana Carcasson, 1968_

* _Madoryx Boisduval, 1875_

* _Malgassoclanis Carcasson, 1968_

* _Manduca Hübner, 1807_

* _Marumba Moore, 1882_

* _Megacorma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Meganoton Boisduval, 1874_

* _Metamimas Butler, 1877_

* _Micracosmeryx Mell, 1922_

* _Microclanis Carcasson, 1968_

* _Microsphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Mimas Hübner, 1819_

* _Mioclanis Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994_

* _Monarda Druce, 1896_

* _Morwennius Cassidy, Allen & Harman, 2002_

* _Nannoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Neoclanis Carcasson, 1968_

* _Neococytius Hodges, 1971_

* _Neogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaw, 1993_

* _Neopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968_

* _Nephele Hübner, 1819_

* _Notonagemia_

* _Nyceryx Boisduval, 1874_

* _Oberthurion Clark, 1923_

* _Odontosida Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Oligographa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Opistoclanis Jordan, 1929_

* _Oplerclanis Eitschberger, 2007_

* _Orecta Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Oryba Walker, 1856_

* _Oxyambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Pachygonidia Fletcher, 1982_

* _Pachylia Walker, 1856_

* _Pachylioides Hodges, 1971_

* _Pachysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Panogena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Pantophaea Jordan, 1946_

* _Pantophaea Oiticica, 1946_

* _Paonias Hübner, 1819_

* _Paratrea Grote, 1903_

* _Parum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Pentateucha Swinhoe, 1908_

* _Pergesa Walker, 1856_

* _Perigonia Herrich-Schäffer, 1854_

* _Phanoxyla Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Philodila Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Pholus Hübner, 1819_

* _Phryxus Hübner, 1819_

* _Phyllosphingia Swinhoe, 1897_

* _Phylloxiphia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Pierreclanis Eitschberger, 2007_

* _Platysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Poliana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Poliodes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Polyptychopsis Carcasson, 1968_

* _Polyptychus Hübner, 1819_

* _Praedora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Proserpinus Hübner, 1819_

* _Protaleuron Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Protambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Protoparce Burmeister, 1855_

* _Pseudandriasa Carcasson, 1968_

* _Pseudenyo Holland, 1889_

* _Pseudoangonyx Eitschberger, 2010_

* _Pseudoclanis Rothschild, 1894_

* _Pseudodolbina Rothschild, 1894_

* _Pseudopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968_

* _Pseudosphinx Burmeister, 1856_

* _Psilogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Rethera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Rhadinopasa Druce, 1880_

* _Rhadinopasa Karsch, 1891_

* _Rhagastis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Rhodafra Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939_

* _Rhodoprasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Rhyncholaba Rothschild & Jordan, 1903_

* _Rothinjoa_

* _Rufoclanis Carcasson, 1968_

* _Sagenosoma Jordan, 1946_

* _Sagenosoma Oiticica, 1946_

* _Sataspes Moore, 1857_

* _Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895_

* _Smerinthus Latreille, 1802_

* _Sphecodina Blanchard, 1840_

* _Sphingidites Kernbach, 1967_

* _Sphingonaepiopsis Wallengren, 1858_

* _Sphingoneopsis Wallengren, 1858_

* _Sphingulus Staudinger, 1887_

* 天蛾屬 _Sphinx_ Linnaeus, 1758

* _Stolidoptera_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Synoecha_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Syzygia_ Grote & Robinson, 1865

* _Temnora_ Walker, 1856

* _Temnoripais_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Tetrachroa_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1909

* _Thamnoecha_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Theretra_ Hübner, 1819

* _Thibetia_ Joicey & Kaye, 1917

* _Tinostoma_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Triptogon_ Ménétriés, 1857

* _Trogolegnum_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Unzela_ Walker, 1856

* _Viriclanis_ Aarvik, 1999

* _Xanthopan_ Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

* _Xenosphingia_ Jordan, 1920

* _Xylophanes_ Hübner, 1819

* _Zacria_ Haxaire & Melichar, 2003



參考資料



外部連結


* 維基物種上的相關資訊：天蛾科

* European Butterflies and Moths

* Sphingidae of the United States

* Family Sphingidae at Lepidoptera.pro

* Pictures

* Australian Museum Fact Sheet - Hawk Moths（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* CATE-Sphingidae: a recently initiated project to produce a "one-stop shop" for Sphingidae taxonomy（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* CSIRO: Australian Moths Online - Sphingidae

* ACG Sphingidae of Costa Rica images.

* List of Sphingidae Types（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (Museum Witt München).

* Flickr（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Images, mosly excellent