退伍軍人症桿菌是一類革蘭氏陰性菌，包括造成退伍軍人症的嗜肺性退伍軍人症桿菌。

退伍軍人症桿菌在許多環境中都很常見，已確定的至少有 50 個種和 70 個血清型。該屬菌細胞壁取代基所攜帶的基團標識了其體抗原。這些取代基的化學構成，包括其成分的不同以及糖原的不同排列方式，決定了其表面體抗原或是 O - 抗原的性質，而這正是血清學中對許多革蘭氏陰性菌分類的基本手段。

退伍軍人症桿菌的名字源於 1976 年 7 月在費城爆發的一種「神秘疾病」，該病共造成 221 人患病，34 人死亡，患者大都為美國退伍軍人，因而被冠名為退伍軍人症。退伍軍人症被廣泛宣傳而造成一定程度的恐慌。1977 年 1 月 18 日，該病的病原體被確定為一種不為人知的細菌，隨後被命名為退伍軍人症桿菌。



下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：


* _Legionella adelaidensis_ Benson et al. 1991

* _Legionella anisa_ Gorman et al. 1985

* _Legionella beliardensis_ Lo Presti et al. 2001

* _Legionella birminghamensis_ Wilkinson et al. 1988

* _Legionella bozemanae_ (Garrity et al. 1980) Brenner et al. 1980

* _Legionella bozemanii_ (Garrity et al. 1980) Brenner et al. 1980，拼寫錯誤

* _Legionella brunensis_ Wilkinson et al. 1989

* _Legionella busanensis_ Park et al. 2003

* _Legionella cardiaca_ Pearce et al. 2012

* _Legionella cherrii_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella cincinnatiensis_ Thacker et al. 1989

* _Legionella drancourtii_ La Scola et al. 2004

* _Legionella dresdenensis_ Lück et al. 2010

* _Legionella drozanskii_ Adeleke et al. 2001

* _Legionella dumoffii_ Brenner et al. 1980

* _Legionella erythra_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella fairfieldensis_ Thacker et al. 1991

* _Legionella fallonii_ Adeleke et al. 2001

* _Legionella feeleii_ Herwaldt et al. 1984

* _Legionella geestiana_ Dennis et al. 1993

* _Legionella gormanii_ Morris et al. 1980

* _Legionella gratiana_ Bornstein et al. 1991

* _Legionella gresilensis_ Lo Presti et al. 2001

* _Legionella hackeliae_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella impletisoli_ Kuroki et al. 2007

* _Legionella israelensis_ Bercovier et al. 1986

* _Legionella jamestowniensis_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella jordanis_ Cherry et al. 1982

* _Legionella lansingensis_ Thacker et al. 1994

* _Legionella londiniensis_ Dennis et al. 1993

* _Legionella longbeachae_ McKinney et al. 1982

* _Legionella lytica_ (Drozanski 1991) Hookey et al. 1996

* _Legionella maceachernii_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella massiliensis_ Campocasso et al. 2012

* _Legionella micdadei_ (Garrity et al. 1980) Hébert et al. 1980

* _Legionella moravica_ Wilkinson et al. 1989

* _Legionella nagasakiensis_ Yang et al. 2012

* _Legionella nautarum_ Dennis et al. 1993

* _Legionella norrlandica_ Rizzardi et al. 2015

* _Legionella oakridgensis_ Orrison et al. 1983

* _Legionella parisiensis_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella pittsburghensis_ Pasculle et al. 1980，異名

* 退伍軍人症嗜肺桿菌 _Legionella pneumophila Brenner et al. 1979_ (Approved Lists 1980)

* _Legionella qingyii_ Wu et al. 2019

* _Legionella quateirensis_ Dennis et al. 1993

* _Legionella quinlivanii_ Benson et al. 1990

* _Legionella rowbothamii_ Adeleke et al. 2001

* _Legionella rubrilucens_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella sainthelensi_ Campbell et al. 1984

* _Legionella santicrucis_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella saoudiensis_ Bajrai et al. 2016

* _Legionella septentrionalis_ Li et al. 2021

* _Legionella shakespearei_ Verma et al. 1992

* _Legionella spiritensis_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella steelei_ Edelstein et al. 2012

* _Legionella steigerwaltii_ Brenner et al. 1985

* _Legionella taurinensis_ Lo Presti et al. 1999

* _Legionella thermalis_ Ishizaki et al. 2016

* _Legionella tucsonensis_ Thacker et al. 1990

* _Legionella tunisiensis_ Campocasso et al. 2012

* _Legionella wadsworthii_ Edelstein et al. 1983

* _Legionella waltersii_ Benson et al. 1996

* _Legionella worsleiensis_ Dennis et al. 1993

* _Legionella yabuuchiae_ Kuroki et al. 2007



參見


* 殺菌劑

* 環境微生物學

* 醫院感染



參考資料



外部連結


* CDC Division of bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Legionellosis

* Directors of Health Promotion and Education page on Legionellosis

* European Working Group for Legionella Infections

* Legionnaires' disease outbreaks

* 世界衛生組織 軍團病 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

維護指引


* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） - Procedure for Cleaning Cooling Towers and Related Equipment |(pages 239 and 240 of 249)

* Cooling Technology Institute - Best Practices for Control of Legionella

* California Energy Commission （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） - Cooling Water Management Program Guidelines For Wet and Hybrid Cooling Towers at Power Plants

* ASHRAE Guideline （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Guidelines for Control of Legionella in Ornamental Fountains