陸龜屬（_Testudo_）是陸龜科的一個屬，其下生物分布於北非、西亞和歐洲等地中海附近地區。除去緣翹陸龜外，所有現存種都因棲息地喪失而處於易危甚至瀕危狀態。陸龜屬的龜體型都不大。



分類

陸龜屬的分類一直存在巨大爭議，其下的種也改變過很多次，大量命名甚至已經無效，因此通過學名進行文獻檢索時非常困難。

基因序列研究對陸龜科分類學的幫助很有限。mtDNA 研究顯示，陸龜屬的生物進化非常緩慢。古生物地理學家發現一千多萬年來，其粒線體 12S rRNA 基因的進化速度是每一百萬年 1.0-1.6% ，而 ntDNA 進化速度在很多種（甚至是赫曼陸龜的亞種）之間差異極大。

本屬包括以下物種：


* _Testudo amberiacensis_ Deperet, 1894

* _Testudo amiatae_ Pantanelli, 1893

* _Testudo angusticeps_ (Matthew, 1924)

* _Testudo antiqua_ Bronn, 1831

* _Testudo atlas_ Falconer & Cautley, 1844

* _Testudo boettgeri_ Mojsisovics, 1889

* _Testudo bosporica_ Riabinin, 1946

* _Testudo brevitesta_ Vlachos & Tsoukala, 2015，已滅絕

* _Testudo brontops_ (Marsh, 1890)

* _Testudo cautleyi_ Lydekker, 1889

* _Testudo cernovi_ Khosatzky, 1948

* _Testudo changshanensis_ Wei et al., 1975

* _Testudo chienfutungensis_ Yeh, 1963

* _Testudo coriacea_ Linnaeus, 1766

* _Testudo crassiscutata_ (Leidy, 1889)

* _Testudo craverii_ Portis, 1879

* _Testudo denizoti_ Bergounioux, 1935

* _Testudo despotti_ Szalai, 1937

* _Testudo ducateli_ (Collins & Lynn, 1936)

* _Testudo eocaenica_ Hummel, 1935

* _Testudo escheri_ Pictet & Humbert, 1856

* _Testudo eurysternum_ Gervais, 1848

* _Testudo gilbertii_ (Hay, 1899)

* _Testudo globosa_ Portis, 1890

* 希臘陸龜 _Testudo gracea_

* _Testudo graeca_ Linnaeus, 1758

* _Testudo hellenica_ Garcia et al., 2020

* _Testudo hercegovinensis_ Werner, 1899

* 赫曼陸龜 _Testudo hermanni_ Gmelin, 1789

* _Testudo hexagonata_ Cope, 1893

* _Testudo hipparionum_ Wiman, 1930

* _Testudo honanensis_ Wiman, 1930

* 四爪陸龜 _Testudo horsfieldii_ Gray, 1844

* _Testudo houzei_ Dollo, 1909

* _Testudo hypercostata_ Wiman, 1930

* _Testudo kaiseni_ Gilmore, 1931

* _Testudo (Chersine) kalksburgensis_ Toula, 1896

* _Testudo kenitrensis_ Gmira, 1993

* 埃及陸龜 _Testudo kleinmanni_ Lortet, 1883

* _Testudo lamanonii_ Gray, 1831

* _Testudo larteti_ Pictet, 1853

* _Testudo lohanica_ Perez-Garcia et al., 2022

* _Testudo lunanensis_ (Yeh, 1963)

* _Testudo margae_ Hooijer, 1948

* _Testudo marginata_ Schoepff, 1792

* _Testudo marmorum_ Gaudry, 1862

* _Testudo nanus_ (Gilmore, 1931)

* _Testudo neraudii_ Gray, 1831

* _Testudo orthopygia_ (Cope, 1878)

* _Testudo osborniana_ (Hay, 1904)

* _Testudo oughlamensis_ Gmira et al., 2013

* _Testudo pecorinii_ Abbazzi et al., 2008

* _Testudo phosphoritarum_ (Rage, 1988)

* _Testudo promarginata_ Reinach, 1900

* _Testudo pusilla_ Linnaeus, 1758

* _Testudo shansiensis_ Wiman, 1930

* _Testudo sharanensis_ (Yeh, 1965)

* _Testudo shensiensis_ Wiman, 1930

* _Testudo shilouensis_ Hsu et al., 1973

* _Testudo sloanei_ Lydekker, 1889

* _Testudo sphaerica_ Wiman, 1930

* _Testudo steinheimensis_ Staesche, 1931

* _Testudo tarakliensis_ Riabinin, 1918

* _Testudo terrestris_ Fermin, 1765

* _Testudo tunhuanensis_ Yeh, 1963

* _Testudo turgida_ (Cope, 1892)

* _Testudo ulanensis_ Gilmore, 1931

* 威爾遜陸龜 _Testudo wilsoni_ (Milstead, 1956)

* 雲南陸龜 _Testudo yunnanensis_ (Yeh, 1963)



參考文獻


* James F. Parham; J. Robert Macey; Theodore J. Papenfuss; Chris R. Feldman; Oguz Türkozan; Rosa Polymeni; JeVrey Boore. The phylogeny of Mediterranean tortoises and their close relatives based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences from museum specimens (PDF). 2005 [2020-05-07]. （原始內容 (PDF) 存檔於 2015-10-23）.