司法能動主義（英語：Judicial activism）是一種司法哲學，是指法官為適應當下的社會趨勢，可以不遵循舊有的成文法和判決先例進行判決，以免造成不良的社會後果。新的判決又會形成新的判例。與其相反的是司法克制主義，司法克制主義主張法官應該嚴格遵守成文法和判決先例進行審判。司法能動主義萌芽於 19 世紀美國。1947 年 1 月，小亞瑟・史列辛格在《財富》雜誌一篇名為〈1947 年最高法院〉（The Supreme Court: 1947）的文章中首次引入了「司法能動主義」一詞。



參考文獻



延伸閱讀


* _Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law_ (1996), Merriam-Webster. ISBN 0-87779-604-1

* Bryan A. Garner. Black's Law Dictionary, 8th Edition. West Group. 1999. ISBN 0-314-15199-0.

* Greenhouse, Linda. Becoming Justice Blackmun: Harry Blackmun's Supreme Court Journey. New York: Times Books. 2005 [2020-06-13]. ISBN978-0-8050-7791-9. （原始內容存檔於 2020-06-25）.

* Paul O. Carrese, 2003. _The Cloaking of Power: Montesquieu, Blackstone, and the Rise of Judicial Activism_ (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

* Duncan Kennedy, 1998. _A Critique of Adjudication_ (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

* Carrol D. Kilgore, 1977. _Judicial Tyranny: An Inquiry into the Integrity of the Federal Judiciary_ (Thomas Nelson). ISBN 978-0-8407-4060-1

* 105th Cong., I @ Sess. I, 1997. _Judicial Activism: Defining the Problem and its Impact: Testimony before the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Federalism & Property Rights_ (U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office Publishers （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）), 205pp. ISBN 0-16-055917-0

* Sterling Harwood, 1996. _Judicial Activism: A Restrained Defense_ (London: Austin & Winfield Publishers), 167pp. ISBN 1-880921-68-5.

* Christopher Wolfe, 1997. _Judicial Activism_, 2nd ed. (Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littfield Publishers, Inc.).

* Kenneth M. Holland, editor, 1991. _Judicial Activism in Comparative Perspective_ (Palgrave Macmillan).

* Ronald Dworkin, 1988. _Law's Empire_ (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

* Alexander M. Bickel, 1986. _The Least Dangerous Branch_ 2nd ed. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press).

* Arthur Selwyn Miller, 1982. _Toward Increased Judicial Activism_ (Greenwood Press).

* Ronald Dworkin, 1977. _Taking Rights Seriously_ (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

* Lino A. Graglia, 1976. _Disaster by Decree_ (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).

* Michael Rebell and Arthur R. Block, 1982. _Educational Policy Making and the Courts: An Empirical Study of Judicial Activism_ (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

* H. L. A. Hart, 1961. _The Concept of Law_ (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

* Kermit Roosevelt, October 15, 2006. _The Myth of Judicial Activism: Making Sense of Supreme Court Decisions_ (Yale University Press Publishers), 272pp. ISBN 0-300-11468-0

* James B. Kelly, July 30, 2006. _Governing With the Charter: Legislative And Judicial Activism And Framer's Intent (Law and Society Series)_ (UBC Press Publishers), 336pp. ISBN 0-7748-1212-5

* Rory Leishman, May 2006. _Against Judicial Activism: The Decline of Freedom And Democracy in Canada_ (McGill-Queen's University Press Publishers), 310pp. ISBN 0-7735-3054-1

* Mark Sutherland, 2005. _Judicial Tyranny: The New Kings of America?_ ISBN 0-9753455-6-7

* Mark R. Levin, 2005. _Men In Black: How the Supreme Court Is Destroying America_ ISBN 0-89526-050-6

* S.Hrg. 108–717, 2004. _Judicial Activism vs. Democracy: What are the National Implications of the Massachusetts Goodridge Decision and the Judicial Invalidation of Traditional Marriage Laws?（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）_ (U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office Publishers), 263pp. Serial No. J-108-59. GPO Stock No. 552-070-32572-7, ISBN 0-16-074535-7

* Phyllis Schlafly, 2004. _The Supremacists: The Tyranny Of Judges And How To Stop It_ ISBN 1-890626-55-4

* S. P. Sathe, December 2003. _Judicial Activism in India_ (Oxford University Press Publishers), 406pp. ISBN 0-19-566823-5

* David Barton, 2003. _Restraining Judicial Activism_ (Wallbuilder Press). ISBN 1-932225-14-5

* Robert Bork, 2003. _Coercing Virtue: The Worldwide Rule of Judges_ (AEI Press) ISBN 0-8447-4162-0

* Stephen P. Powers and Stanley Rothman, 2002. _The Least Dangerous Branch? Consequences of Judicial Activism_ (Praeger Paperbacks). ISBN 0-275-97536-3

* Herman Schwartz, editor, 2002. _The Rehnquist Court: Judicial Activism on the Right_ ISBN 0-8090-8073-7.

* David Gwynn Morgan, 2001. _A Judgment Too Far? Judicial Activism and the Constitution_ (Cork University Press). ISBN 1-85918-229-1

* Bradley C. Canon and Charles A. Johnson, 1998. _Judicial Policies: Implementation and Impact_ 2nd ed. (Congressional Quarterly Books).

* William P. Murchison, 1982. _Judicial Politics Gone Wild: A Case Study of Judicial Activism in Texas_ (Washington Legal Foundation), 11pp