衣索比亞語言聯盟是 Charles A. Ferguson (1970, 1976) 提出的語言聯盟，包含一些音系和形態音素學上相近的語言，分布在衣索比亞和厄利垂亞，包括衣索比亞閃米特語支、庫希特語族和奧摩語族的一些語言，而不包括尼羅 - 撒哈拉語系語言。

其他學者之後指出了語言聯盟內部一些有共享特徵的小區域。(Appleyard 1989, Breeze 1988, Sasse 1986, Tosco 1994, Wedekind 1989)

最引人注意的特徵之一是動詞「說」可用於不可屈折詞根的屈折詞綴 (Appleyard 2001, Cohen _et al._ 2002)。Hayward 指出，詞彙化的模式在整片語區也很相似 (1999, 2000)，Treis 提供了更多例子 (2010)。

Tosco 早先說這個語言聯盟的成立是「板上釘釘的」(1994:415)，但他後來又大加批判了 Ferguson 的原文 (2000)。他總結說，衣索比亞語言聯盟並不能成立，並認為 Ferguson 的論文反映了當時衣索比亞民族主義的政治導向，可見於 Donald N. Levine 的書《大衣索比亞：多民族社會的演化》。

Baye Yiman 發現衣索比亞語言聯盟在語用學上的相似 (1997)。

Güldemann 提出，衣索比亞及其西部、西北部的語言普遍使用相似的助動詞。相似地，Cohen、Simeone-Senelle、Vanhove 都觀察到「說」和「做」兩個動詞的語法化，並將其視作東非地區的區域特徵。

Wu Tong 觀察到衣索比亞語言聯盟特有的前置關係從句。

Tolemariam Fufa Teso 對語言聯盟內的各種語言進行了大規模比較研究。

該語言聯盟的存在與否仍有爭議。



引用



參考


* Appleyard, David. 1989. The relative verb in focus constructions: an Ethiopian areal feature. _Journal of Semitic Studies_ 34(2): 291-305.

* Appleyard, David. 2001. The verb 'to say' as a verb "recycling device" in Ethiopian languages. _New Data and New Methods in Afroasiatic Linguistics: Robert Hetzron, in Memoriam_, Andrzej Zaborski, ed., 1-11. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

* Breeze, Mary. 1988. Phonological features of Gimira and Dizi. In Marianne Bechhaus-Gerst and Fritz Serzisko (eds.), _Cushitic - Omotic: papers from the International Symposium on Cushitic and Omotic languages, Cologne, January 6–9, 1986_, 473-487. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.

* Cohen, D., M.-C. Simeone-Senelle and M. Vanhove. 2002. The grammaticalization of 'say' and 'do': An areal phenomenon in East Africa. In T. Güldemann and M. V. Rocador, eds., _Reported discourse: a Meeting ground for different linguistic domains,_ 227-251. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

* Crass, Joachim. 2002. Ejectives and pharyngeal fricatives: Two features of the Ethiopian language area. _Ethiopian Studies at the end of the second millennium. Proceedings of the XIVth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, November 6–11, 2000, Addis Ababa_, ed. by Baye Yimam, Richard Pankhurst, David Chapple, Yonas Admassu, Alula Pankhurst, and Berhanu Teferra, 1679–1691. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies.

* Crass, Joachim and Ronny Meyer (eds.). 2007. _Deictics, Copula and Focus in the Ethiopian Convergence Area._ (Afrikanistische Forschungen Band XV). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. ISBN 978-3-89645-293-1

* Crass, Joachim and Ronny Meyer (eds.). 2009. _Language contact and language change in Ethiopia._ Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.

* Ferguson, Charles. 1970. The Ethiopian Language Area. _The Journal of Ethiopian Studies_ 8.2: 67-80.

* Ferguson, Charles. 1976. The Ethiopian Language Area. _Language in Ethiopia_, ed. by M. Lionel Bender, J. Donald Bowen, Robert Cooper, Charles Ferguson, pp. 63–76. Oxford University Press.

* Güldemann, Tom. 2005. Complex predicates based on generic auxiliaries as an areal feature in Northeast Africa. _Studies in African linguistic typology_, ed. by F. K. Erhard Voeltz, 131-154. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

* Hayward, Richard J. 1991. Á propos patterns of lexicalization in the Ethiopian Language Area. In Daniela Mendel and Ulrike Claudi, _Ägypten im afroorientalischen Kontext_. Special issue of _Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere_. Cologne: Institute of African Studies, pp. 139–56.

* Hayward Richard J. 2000. "Is There a Metric for Convergence." In Colin Renfrew, April McMahon and Larry Trask (eds) _Time Depth in Historical Linguistics_ Vol 2 (Papers in the Prehistory of Languages), 621-640. Cambrdige: The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

* Meyer, Ronny, 2005. Riddles as indicator of cultural and linguistic convergence in the Gurage region: Ethiopia as language and cultural area. _Scrinium_ 1:174-196.

* Sasse, Hans-Jürgen. 1986. A Southwest Ethiopian Language area and its cultural background. In _The Fergusonian Impact, vol. 1: From Phonology to Society_, ed. by Joshua A. Fishman et al., pp. 327–342. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

* Tosco, Mauro. 1994. On Case Marking in the Ethiopian Language Area (with special reference to subject marking in East Cushitic), _Sem Cam Iafet. Atti della 7ª Giornata di Studi Camito-Semitici e Indeuropei (Milano, 1° giugno 1993)_. In Vermondo Brugnatelli (a cura di), 225-244. Milano: Centro Studi Camito-Semitici.

* Tosco, Mauro. 1994. The historical syntax of East Cushitic: A first sketch. _Perspektiven afrikanistischer Forschung_, ed. by Thomas Bearth, Wilhelm J.G Möhlig, Beat Sottas, Edgar Suter, pp. 415–440. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.

* Tosco, Mauro. 2000. Is there an Ethiopian Language Area? _Anthropological Linguistics_ 42:329-365.

* Treis, Yvonne. 2010. Perception verbs and taste adjectives in Kambaata and beyond. In Anne Storch, (ed.), _Perception of the Invisible. Religion, Historical Semantics and the Role of Perceptive Verbs_ (SUGIA – Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika, 21) Cologne: Köppe. pp. 313–346. Article online

* Wedekind, Klaus. 1989. Status and dynamics of Ethiopian vowel systems. _Journal of Ethiopian Studies_ 22: 105-136.

* Wu Tong. 2012. 2012. Prenominal relative clauses in Ethiopian languages: From inside and from outside. _Studies in African Linguistics_ 41.2: 213-252.

* Yiman, Baye. 1997.The pragmatics of greeting, felicitation, and condolence expressions in four Ethiopian languages. _African Languages and Cultures_ 10.2: 103-128.

* Zaborski, Andrzej. 1991. Ethiopian Language Subareas. In Stanislaw Pilaszewicz and Eugeniusz Rzewuski, eds. _Unwritten Testimonies of the African Past,_ (Orientalia Varsoviensia, 2) pp. 123–134. Warszaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwesytetu Warszawskiego.

* Zaborski, Andrzej. 2010. Language Subareas in Ethiopia Reconsidered. _Journal Lingua Posnaniensis_ 52.2: 99-110.



閱讀更多


* https://web.archive.org/web/20110719104638/http://cgi.server.uni-frankfurt.de/fb09/ifas/JLCCMS/issues/THEMA\_2/06\_M\_Tosco.pdf