莫蒂默・傑爾姆・阿德勒（英語：Mortimer Jerome Adler，1902 年 12 月 28 日 —2001 年 6 月 28 日）是一名美國哲學家。



生平

阿德勒於 1902 年 12 月 28 日出生在美國紐約市的一個猶太移民家庭。14 歲從中學輟學後，成為紐約太陽報的送稿人員，他當時立志想要成為一名記者。不久，阿德勒開始在夜間學習寫作課程，從中他發現以下作者堪稱英雄：柏拉圖、亞里斯多德、托馬斯・阿奎那、約翰・洛克、約翰・斯圖爾特・密爾等等。之後，他進入哥倫比亞大學繼續學習，同時還向學生文藝雜誌投稿。儘管由於沒能通過必修的游泳測驗，而沒能獲得學士學位（1983 年，哥倫比亞大學授予了他一個榮譽學位以作為補償），阿德勒還是留在了大學，最終得到了一個講師的位置，並獲得了心理學博士學位。

1930 年，阿德勒前往芝加哥大學，並由之前認識的朋友、新任校長羅伯特・梅納德・哈欽斯安排為芝加哥大學法學院的法律哲學教授。然而他受到了芝加哥的一些哲學家的質疑，這些人對他「能否勝任哲學教授這個職責懷有重大疑問」，並且抵制阿德勒成為該大學哲學系的一分子。而同時，阿德勒也是該學校法學院有史以來第一個非律師出身的教師。

_西方世界偉大名著_項目的發起人。

 
1980 年，梅耶輕鬆地問阿德勒，如果他去一個荒島，準備帶哪些書，阿德勒回答說是以下 11 本:


* 修昔底德的《伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史》 [1]（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* 5 到 6 篇柏拉圖的，《對話錄》[2]

* 亞里斯多德的《倫理學 (亞里斯多德)| 倫理學]]》和《政治學》

* 希波的聖奧古斯丁的《懺悔錄》[3] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* 普魯塔克的《比較列傳》[4] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* 但丁的《神曲》

* 威廉・莎士比亞的一些戲劇

* 蒙田的《嘗試集》[5]

* 斯威夫特的《格列佛遊記》

* 約翰・洛克的《政府論》 [6] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* 列夫・托爾斯泰的《戰爭與和平》

 



名言



著作


* _Dialectic_ (1927)

* _The Nature of Judicial Proof: An Inquiry into the Logical, Legal, and Empirical Aspects of the Law of Evidence_ (1931, with Jerome Michael)

* _Diagrammatics_ (1932, with Maude Phelps Hutchins)

* _Crime, Law and Social Science_ （1933, with Jerome Michael)

* _Art and Prudence: A Study in Practical Philosophy_ (1937)

* _What Man Has Made of Man: A Study of the Consequences of Platonism and Positivism in Psychology_ (1937)

* _哲學與科學 of Man: A Collection of Texts as a Foundation for Ethics and Politics_ (1940)

* _如何閱讀一本書（How to Read a Book）_ （1940）(中文版 ISBN 9789570517989)

* _A Dialectic of Morals: Towards the Foundations of Political Philosophy_ (1941)

* _How to Think About War and Peace_ (1944)

* _教育革命_ (1944, with Milton Mayer)

* _The Capitalist Manifesto_ (1958, with Louis O. Kelso) ISBN 0837182107

* _The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Conceptions of Freedom_ (1958)

* _The New Capitalists: A Proposal to Free Economic Growth from the Slavery of Savings_ (1961, with Louis O. Kelso)

* _The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Controversies about Freedom_ (1961)

* _Great Ideas from the Great Books_ (1961)

* _哲學的條件: Its Checkered Past, Its Present Disorder, and Its Future Promise_ (1965)

* _The Difference of Man and the Difference It Makes_ (1967)

* _The Time of Our Lives: The Ethics of Common Sense_ (1970)

* _The Common Sense of Politics_ (1971)

* _The American Testament_ (1975, with William Gorman)

* _Some Questions About Language: A Theory of Human Discourse and Its Objects_ (1976)

* _Philosopher at Large: An Intellectual Autobiography_ (1977)

* _Reforming Education: The Schooling of a People and Their Education Beyond Schooling_ (1977, edited by Geraldine Van Doren)

* _每個人的亞里斯多德: Difficult Thought Made Easy_ (1978) ISBN 0684838230

* _How to Think About God: A Guide for the 20th-Century Pagan_ (1980) ISBN 0-02-016022-4

* _六種偉大思想（Six Great Ideas: Truth-Goodness-Beauty-Liberty-Equality-Justice）_ (1981) ISBN 0-02-072020-3

* _The Angels and Us_ (1982)

* _The Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto_ (1982)

* _How to Speak / How to Listen_ (1983) ISBN 0025005707

* _Paideia Problems and Possibilities: A Consideration of Questions Raised by The Paideia Proposal_ (1983)

* _A Vision of the Future: Twelve Ideas for a Better Life and a Better Society_ (1984) ISBN 0025002805

* _The Paideia Program: An Educational Syllabus_ (1984, with Members of the Paideia Group)

* _Ten Philosophical Mistakes_ (1985) ISBN 0-02-500330-5

* _A Guidebook to Learning: For a Lifelong Pursuit of Wisdom_ (1986)

* _We Hold These Truths: Understanding the Ideas and Ideals of the Constitution_ (1987)

* _Reforming Education: The Opening of the American Mind_ (1988, edited by Geraldine Van Doren)

* _Intellect: Mind Over Matter_ (1990)

* _Truth in Religion: The Plurality of Religions and the Unity of Truth_ (1990)

* _Haves Without Have-Nots: Essays for the 21st Century on Democracy and Socialism_ (1991) ISBN 0025005618

* _Desires, Right & Wrong: The Ethics of Enough_ (1991)

* _A Second Look in the Rearview Mirror: Further Autobiographical Reflections of a Philosopher At Large_ (1992)

* _偉大思想：西方思想的列剋星敦_ (1992)

* _Natural Theology, Chance, and God_ (_The Great Ideas Today_, 1992)

* _The Four Dimensions of Philosophy: Metaphysical-Moral-Objective-Categorical_ (1993)

* _Art, the Arts, and the Great Ideas_ (1994)

* _Adler's Philosophical Dictionary: 125 Key Terms for the Philosopher's Lexicon_ (1995)



編寫


* _新技術：奴隸還是主人_ (in work, with Phillip W. Goetz)

* _Scholasticism and Politics_ (1940)

* _西方世界偉大名著_ (1952, 52 冊）

* _A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas_ (1952, 2 volumes)

* _The Great Ideas Today_ (1961-1977, 17 volumes, with Robert Hutchins)

* _Gateway to the Great Books_ (1963, 10 volumes, with Robert Hutchins)

* _The Annals of America_ (1968, 21 volumes)

* _Propaedia: Outline of Knowledge and Guide to The New Encyclopædia Britannica 15th Edition_ (1974, 30 volumes)

* _Great Treasury of Western Thought_ (1977, with Charles Van Doren)

* _The Great Ideas Today_ (1978-1999, 20 冊）

* _西方世界偉大名著_第二版（1990 年，60 冊）

* _A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas_ 2nd Edition (1990, 2 volumes)



參見


* 永恆主義

* Liberal Arts, Inc.

* 偉大名著

* 西方正典



參考資料



外部連結


* Center for the Study of the Great Ideas （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* 阿德勒檔案

* Amazon.com: 阿德勒的 "desert island" books mentioned above （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）