傳媒暴力研究（英語：Media violence research）研究如何對抗媒體暴力及其他透過媒體傳播的暴力行為、現象及引起的暴力行為。例如網路霸凌，雖然許多社會科學相關領域都有這個議題，但針對這個領域目前仍缺乏相關的科學研究方法及理論。

媒體暴力研究追查，一個普及的媒體是否會影響潛在的暴力行為。部分研究者指出，媒體影響和暴力在關聯研究有如吸菸和癌症的相關研究一般。研究人員指出，於媒體發表內容的作者低估了內容對潛在暴力的影響，一如吸菸者低估吸菸對罹患肺癌的影響。許多作者也認為媒體暴力研究得出的結論過於誇大 。
少部分的媒體研究者甚至認為媒體是引起侵略性的禍首，然而大部分的學者皆認為媒體研究者的討論及擔心有點誇大了媒體的效果 (Freedman, 2002; Pinker 2002; Savage, 2004)。

傳媒暴力研究學者 Rowell Huesmann 指出「引起嚴重的攻擊性，是來自原有的複雜因素加上觸媒」 。也有許多以其他看待攻擊行為的存在觀點，例如攻擊行為來自生理或基因 (see the work of Hare, 1993, Larsson, Andershed, & Lichtenstein, In Press, among others)，也有學者認為攻擊行為可以解釋為演化心理學的反應。。

對於媒體可能造成有害影響的指控並不是新聞，柏拉圖就曾批評過戲劇對年輕人的影響。許多媒體，包括漫畫、爵士樂、搖滾樂、龍與地下城和廉價小說等，都被一些人認定有可能造成讀者變的更具攻擊性、反叛性及行為上不道德。

1960 年代電視的誕生為研究者提供了研究效果影響的新媒體。許多研究者被心理學家阿爾波特・班杜拉的社會學習理論所引導。社會學習理論指出人類的學習行為是經由一連串的模式學習。社會學習理論和其他對於攻擊性的研究及方法不同，更多關注在神經心理學理論及研究方法上。



研究方法

研究模型包括媒體使用者在長期及短期曝光於媒體暴力之下，和行為間的連結、影響。在短期媒體暴力研究中發現，暴力曝光會增加人的興奮感、對暴力的認知和機械性的模仿。



參見


* 暴力美學

* 畫面暴力

* 電影分級制度

* 電子遊戲爭議



外部連結


* Free Expression Policy Project

* Website of Brad Bushman （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Duke Ferris' rebuttal to Brad Bushman （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Info on court cases critical of media violence research

* Website of Craig Anderson （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Entertainment Softward Industry's info on video game effects （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Website of Rowell Huesmann （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Children, violence, and the media: A report for parents and policy makers

* American Civil Liberties Union comments on media violence research （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

* Debate Hour Radio Recording on MV effects (mp3 file)

* Open Questions on the Correlation Between Television and Violence （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）



註腳



參考資料


* Anderson, C., & Dill, K. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings and behavior in the laboratory and in life （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 772-790.

* Bargh, J. (2005). Bypassing the will: Towards demystifying the nonconscious control of social behavior. In R. Hassin, J. Uleman and J. Bargh (Eds.) The New Unconscious. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195149951

* Bargh, J., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). "Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）". _Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71_(2).

* Bartholow, B. D., Bushman, B. J., & Sestir, M. A. (2006). "Chronic violent video game exposure and desensitization to violence: Behavioral and event-related brain potential data". _Journal of Experimental Social Psychology_, 42, 532-539. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.08.006

* Berkowitz, L. (1965). Some aspects of observed aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 359-369. PMID 14333308

* Block JJ, Crain BR (2007). "Omissions and errors in 'media violence and the American public.'". _American Psychologist_ 62 (3): 252-3. DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.62.3.252. PMID 17469907

* Bushman, Brad & Anderson, C. (2001). Media violence and the American public: Scientific fact versus media misinformation （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. American Psychologist, 56 (6-7), pp. 477-489.

* Bushman, Brad, & Anderson, C. (2002). Violent video games and hostile expectations: A test of the General Aggression Model （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1679-1686.

* Comstock, G. & Scharrer, E. (2003). Meta-analyzing the controversy over television violence and aggression. In D. Gentile (Ed.) _Media Violence and Children_, pp. 205-226. ISBN 978-0275979560

* Deselms, J., & Altman, J. (2003). "Immediate and prolonged effects of videogame violence". _Journal of Applied Social Psychology_, 33, 1553-1563. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01962.x "This study examined the relationship between playing violent videogames and sensitivity to aggressive acts."

* Freedman, Jonathan L. (2002). Media violence and its effect on aggression.: Assessing the scientific evidence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0802035530

* Freedman, J. Evaluating the Research on Violent Video Games.

* Hare, Robert. Without Conscience : The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us. Pocket Books. 1993. ISBN 978-0671732615. OCLC 28550146.

* Huesmann, L.R., & Eron, L. (1986). Television and the aggressive child: A cross-national comparison. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ISBN 978-0898597547

* Huesmann, L.R, Moise, J.F., & Podolski, C.L. (1997). The effects of media violence on the development of antisocial behavior. In D. Stoff, J. Breiling & Master (Eds.) _Handbook of Antisocial Behavior_ (pp. 181- 193). New York: John Wiley & Sons ISBN 978-0471124528

* Hurely, S. "Bypassing Conscious Control: Media violence, unconscious intention, and freedom of speech". from _Does Consciousness Cause Behavior? An Investigation of the Nature of Volition_, March 2006 MIT Press (ISBN 978-0-262-16237-1)

* Jones, Gerard (2002). _Killing monsters: why children need fantasy, super heroes and make-believe violence._ New York : Basic Books ISBN 978-0465036967

* Larsson, H., Andershed, A., & Lichtenstein, P. (In Press). A genetic factor explains most of the variation in the psychopathic personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2006, 115(2) PMID 16737387

* Mussen, P., & Rutherford, E. (1961). "Effects of aggressive cartoons on children’s aggressive play" _Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology_, 62, 461-464. PMID 13727111

* Olson, C. (2004). Media Violence Research and Youth Violence Data: Why Do They Conflict? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Academic Psychiatry, 28, 144-150.

* Paik, H. & Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. _Communication Research, 21_(4), 516-546.

* 史迪芬・平克 (2002) _The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature_. New York, NY: Penguin (ISBN 0-670-03151-8)

* Prinz, W. (1990). A common coding approach to perception and action. In O. Neumann and W. Prinz (Eds.) Relations between perception and action. Berlin: Springer.

* Prinz, W. (2005). An Ideomotor Approach to Imitation. In Hurely, S. & N. Chater (Eds.) Perspectives on Imitation: From Neuroscience to Social Science (vol. 1). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-1423750208

* Slater, Michael D. Alienation, Aggression, and Sensation Seeking as Predictors of Adolescent Use of Violent Film, Computer, and Website Content. Journal of Communication (Oxford University Press (OUP)). 2003-03-01, 53 (1): 105–121. ISSN 0021-9916. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb03008.x.

* Tedeschi, James T., & Quigley, Brian. (1996). "Limitations of laboratory paradigms for studying aggression". Aggression & Violent Behavior, 2, 163-177. doi:10.1016/1359-1789(95)00014-3 ISSN 1359-1789

* Vidal, Miguel Ángel, Clemente, Miguel & Espinosa, Pablo. (2003). "Types of Media Violence and Degree of Acceptance in Under-18s" _Aggressive Behavior, 29_(5), 381-392. doi:10.1002/ab.10037 ISSN 0096-140X