yz2022/T2P-DownstreamNLP huggingface dataset:
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

As civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s, hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990, the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000. The number of Salvadoran immigrants in the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters that hit El Salvador, including earthquakes and hurricanes. By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.

Question: Is the  Salvadoran population still growing?
Answer: the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston. Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland. Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.

Question: How did Chavez affect the Venezuelans?
Answer: In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain also, California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California and most of New Mexico, western Texas, southern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and Oklahoma panhandle were part of the territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. The geographical isolation and unique political history of this territory led to New Mexican Spanish differing notably from both Spanish spoken in other parts of the United States of America and Spanish spoken in the present-day United Mexican States.

Question: What states were part of Santa Fe de Nuevo
Answer: most of New Mexico, western Texas, southern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and Oklahoma panhandle were part of the territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México

Question: When did other states become part of Mexico?
Answer: After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English); the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.

Question: Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives.
Answer: The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

Question: What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.?
Answer: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston. Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland. Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.

Question: Are there any other areas of America Venezuelans settled in?
Answer: New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland.
Charleston,_South_Carolina

Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

Question: What county is Charleston located in?
Answer: Charleston County

Question: What is the oldest city in South Carolina?
Answer: Charleston

Question: Charleston is located on what harbor?
Answer: Charleston Harbor

Question: Charleston Harbor is formed on what ocean?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: What county is Charleston, South Carolina located in?
Answer: Charleston County

Question: Charleston Harbor is an inlet of what ocean?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos), and borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings, particularly in the preterite, and partial merging of the second and third conjugations.

Question: Why is New Mexico always an after thought in American -Spanish speaking society?
Answer: Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence

Question: Does New Mexico's language also include other dialect?
Answer: New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos)

Question: Is New Mexico's language different than from other Spanish dialect 
Answer: , New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

As civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s, hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990, the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000. The number of Salvadoran immigrants in the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters that hit El Salvador, including earthquakes and hurricanes. By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.

Question: How many  Salvadorans  are in America now?
Answer: By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos), and borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings, particularly in the preterite, and partial merging of the second and third conjugations.

Question: How does New Mexico's Spanish dialect differ?
Answer: has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.

Question: Does New Mexico also use language from the  American language when spoken in Spanish?
Answer: borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

Question: Are there studies on Hispanic-American language?
Answer: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project

Question: What is Calvin Veltman' study about?
Answer: the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants

Question: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans?
Answer: his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated),

Question: What was Calvin Veltman' findings?
Answer: high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born.

Question: Are there other similar findings similar to Calvin Veltman' for the modern age?
Answer: data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston. Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland. Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.

Question: Where are the most populated city's Venezuelan live in?
Answer: Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.

Question: What areas of America did the Venezuelans settle in?
Answer: mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

As civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s, hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990, the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000. The number of Salvadoran immigrants in the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters that hit El Salvador, including earthquakes and hurricanes. By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.

Question: When did Salvadorans flee 
Answer: Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.

Question: If someone is not bilingual and only speaks Spanish, how do they learn about current events?
Answer: There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television

Question: Was this always the case in American political addresses?
Answer: following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov.

Question: What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish?
Answer: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish

Question: Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?)
Answer: politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies
Charleston,_South_Carolina

Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

Question: What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor?
Answer: Cooper Rivers
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.

Question: Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media?
Answer: local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.
Charleston,_South_Carolina

Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

Question: What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Harbor?
Answer: Ashley Rivers
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

Question: Are students taught Spanish in american schools?
Answer: More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses
Charleston,_South_Carolina

The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

Question: What era brought counties to South Carolina?
Answer: Reconstruction Era

Question: Counties replaced what system in South Carolina?
Answer: traditional parish system

Question: What is the main use of the parish system nowadays?
Answer: public service districts

Question: The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?
Answer: Parish of St. Philip

Question: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish? 
Answer: St. Andrew's Parish
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

Question: How popular are Spanish language classes in the U.S,?
Answer: Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled
Charleston,_South_Carolina

The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn wanted to expand the settlement. The heart of the city was fortified according to a 1704 plan by Governor Johnson. Except those fronting Cooper River, the walls were largely removed during the 1720s.

Question: Which country along with France contested England's claim to the Charleston region?
Answer: Spain
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

Question: What other languages are popular among American students?
Answer: French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%)

Question: Are these other languages learned in the U.S. as popular as Spanish?
Answer: totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.
Charleston,_South_Carolina

The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn wanted to expand the settlement. The heart of the city was fortified according to a 1704 plan by Governor Johnson. Except those fronting Cooper River, the walls were largely removed during the 1720s.

Question: Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from settlers?
Answer: Native Americans

Question: The majority of the fort walls were removed in what decade?
Answer: 1720s
Charleston,_South_Carolina

After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expeditions. The first of these founded Charles Town, in 1670. Governance, settlement, and development were to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke.

Question: When was Charles II of England restored to the throne?
Answer: 1660
Charleston,_South_Carolina

The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn wanted to expand the settlement. The heart of the city was fortified according to a 1704 plan by Governor Johnson. Except those fronting Cooper River, the walls were largely removed during the 1720s.

Question: Whose 1704 plan was used to fortified the city?
Answer: Governor Johnson
Charleston,_South_Carolina

Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm through November. Winter is short and mild, and is characterized by occasional rain. Measurable snow (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) only occurs several times per decade at the most, with the last such event occurring December 26, 2010. However, 6.0 in (15 cm) fell at the airport on December 23, 1989, the largest single-day fall on record, contributing to a single-storm and seasonal record of 8.0 in (20 cm) snowfall.

Question: What season is the wettest in Charleston?
Answer: Summer

Question: In what form does half of Charleston's annual rainfall occur?
Answer: thundershowers