caption: a computer keyboard and the words directs indirect handling
exif: {"Image DocumentName": "Direct vs Indirect Handling", "Image ImageDescription": "Indirect (Penalty Functions) Direct. Conceptually simple, transparent. it works well. reduces problem to \u2018simple\u2019 optimization. except simply eliminating all infeasible solutions. Pros. allows user to tune to his/her preferences by weights. allows EA to tune fitness function by modifying weights during the search. problem independent. Cons. loss of info by packing everything in a single number. problem specific. said not to work well for sparse problems. no guidelines.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}