yusuke1997/dblp-id-title huggingface dataset:
Leakage-Resilient Certificate-Based Signature Resistant to Side-Channel Attacks
Force-Symmetric Type Two-Channel Bilateral Control System Based on Higher-Order Disturbance Observer
Using Dielectric Rods to Reconfigure Combline Filters in Center Frequency and Bandwidth
Double-Loop Structure Integral Sliding Mode Control for UUV Trajectory Tracking
Weighted Summation: Feature Extraction of Farm Pigsty Data for Electronic Nose
Bifurcation Mechanism and Stabilization of V 2 C Controlled Buck Converter
Assessing Decision Tree Stability: A Comprehensive Method for Generating a Stable Decision Tree
DMPNet: Distributed Multi-Scale Pyramid Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation
Servicing Your Requirements: An FCA and RCA-Driven Approach for Semantic Web Services Composition
Speed and Path Planning Optimization of Autonomous Vehicle to Minimize Lap Time in Racing Track
Research on 3D Point Cloud De-Distortion Algorithm and Its Application on Euclidean Clustering
Length-Normalized Representation Learning for Speech Signals
Automatic Detection of Dispersed Defects in Resin Eyeglass Based on Machine Vision Technology
Assessing the Influencing Factors of Locational Marginal Price in Day-Ahead Hydro-Thermal Power Spot Market
Recommendation System Based on Heterogeneous Feature: A Survey
Leveraging Unlabeled Data for Emotion Recognition With Enhanced Collaborative Semi-Supervised Learning
Peach Fruit Thinning Image Detection Based on Improved YOLOv8 and Data Enhancement Techniques
Toward Representing Identical Privacy-Preserving Graph Neural Network via Split Learning
A Simple Framework for Identifying Dynamical Systems in Closed-Loop
Isomorphic Structures and Operator Analysis in Mimetic Discretizations
Existence and Global Exponential Stability of Pseudo Almost Periodic Solution for Clifford- Valued Neutral High-Order Hopfield Neural Networks With Leakage Delays
Analytical Modeling of Novel High Thrust Force Density Segmented PM Consequent Pole Linear Flux Switching Machine
Video-Based Evidence Analysis and Extraction in Digital Forensic Investigation
Analytical Modeling of Forced-Air Cooling Heatsink by Considering Air Temperature Rise in Channel and Coupling of Multiple Heat Sources
Predicting the Trending Research Topics by Deep Neural Network Based Content Analysis
FinSNet: End-to-End Separation of Overlapped Fingerprints Using Deep Learning
Study of Ice Accretion on Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade Using 2D and 3D Numerical Approach
Modified SNR Gap Approximation for Resource Allocation in LDPC-Coded Multicarrier Systems
Gait Balance and Acceleration of a Biped Robot Based on Q-Learning
Simultaneous Optimization of Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSG) Parameters in Islanded Microgrids Supplying Induction Motors
Missing Traffic Data Imputation for Artificial Intelligence in Intelligent Transportation Systems: Review of Methods, Limitations, and Challenges
A Novel Data Analytical Approach for False Data Injection Cyber-Physical Attack Mitigation in Smart Grids
I-AID: Identifying Actionable Information From Disaster-Related Tweets
Test-Time Confidence-Aware Query Labeling Improves 3D Few-Shot Segmentation
Deep Learning-Based Signal Modulation Identification in OFDM Systems
Enhancing Sustainable Edge Computing Offloading via Renewable Prediction for Energy Harvesting
An Adjustment Method of Geometry and Mass Centers for Precision Rotors Assembly
Why is Internet of Autonomous Vehicles not as Plug and Play as We Think ? Lessons to Be Learnt From Present Internet and Future Directions
Design of a Wide-Beam Microstrip Array Antenna for Automotive Radar Application
An Approach to Analyze User's Emotion in HCI Experiments Using Psychophysiological Measures
FungAI - A Clinically-Oriented Two-Stage Artificial Intelligence Framework for Microscopic Fungal Species Identification
Enhancing Lung Acoustic Signals Classification With Eigenvectors-Based and Traditional Augmentation Methods
OP-convNet: A Patch Classification-Based Framework for CT Vertebrae Segmentation
A Privacy-Preserving Iot-Based Fire Detector
Effects of Patient Recumbency Position on Neonatal Chest EIT
Optimal Filter Design of a Virtual Mechanical Impedance Control System for Multifrequency Active Sound Power Reduction of Enclosure Panels
Finite-Time Stability of a Time-Delay Fractional-Order Hydraulic Turbine Regulating System
Image Compression Using Chain Coding for Electronic Shelf Labels (ESL) Systems
A Method for Diagnosing Mechanical Faults of on-Load Tap Changer Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, Volterra Model and Decision Acyclic Graph Support Vector Machine
Esophageal Abnormality Detection Using DenseNet Based Faster R-CNN With Gabor Features
Fruit Localization and Environment Perception for Strawberry Harvesting Robots
Interleaved Modulation Scheme With Optimized Phase Shifting for Double-Switch Buck-Boost Converter
An Inhomogeneous Grid-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Optimization
DIMformer: A Dynamic Inverted Transformer With Mamba-Cross-Variable Linear Attention for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting
Modeling Data Transport Capacity of Mobile Networks for Mobile Social Services
Analysis and Optimization of the Novel Inerter-Based Dynamic Vibration Absorbers
Calculation and Experiment of Stray Inductance of PCB Double-Pulse Test Circuit Based on Three-Dimensional Simulation
Synchronization of Variable-Length Constrained Sequence Codes
Positive Emotion Recognition - A Survey of Computational Models
GenAINet: Enabling Wireless Collective Intelligence via Knowledge Transfer and Reasoning
Blockchain-Enabled Fintech Innovation: A Case of Reengineering Stock Trading Services
Deep Learning-Based Multifloor Indoor Tracking Scheme Using Smartphone Sensors
Uncertainty Sources in the Estimation of the Partial Discharge Inception Voltage in Turn-to-Turn Insulation Systems
Platoon Joint EKF for Improved Road Friction Estimation in Autonomous Platoons
A Survey on Parameter Server Architecture: Approaches for Optimizing Distributed Centralized Learning
Study of Wind Flow Angle and Velocity on Ice Accretion of Transmission Line Composite Insulators
An Intelligent System for Grinding Wheel Condition Monitoring Based on Machining Sound and Deep Learning
Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease Through Deep Learning-Based Segmentation and Localization in Computed Tomography Angiography
A Novel Bayesian Outlier Score Based on the Negative Binomial Distribution for Detecting Aberrantly Expressed Genes in RNA-Seq Gene Expression Count Data
Optimal Time Allocation in Multi-Cell Wireless Powered Communication Networks
Quantitative Shape Discrimination of Metal Surface Defects Based on Alternating Current Field Measurement
Deep Learning-Based Detection of One and Two-Column Textual Blocks in Camera-Captured Pashto Documents Images
Recurrent Models of Visual Co-Attention for Person Re-Identification
Analysis of Optimal Machine Learning Approach for Battery Life Estimation of Li-Ion Cell
Real-Time Focused Extraction of Social Media Users
A Topicality Relevance-Aware Intent Model for Web Search
Prediction of Myocardial Infarction Based on Non-ECG Sleep Data Combined With Domain Knowledge
Reducing Delivery Time in E-Commerce Orders With Advanced Ant Colony Hybridization by GRU Algorithm
Exploiting Battery Storages With Reinforcement Learning: A Review for Energy Professionals
Copula-Based Reliability Analysis of Vehicles Based on Censored Failures Data Using Reliability Importance Measures
Modelling the Microgrid and Its Parameter Estimations Considering Fading Channels
Brain Region-Based Vigilance Assessment Using Electroencephalography and Eye Tracking Data Fusion
A Reliable Data Compression Scheme in Sensor-Cloud Systems Based on Edge Computing
Multi-View Attention Network With Iterative Feature Refinement and Boundary Awareness for Endoscopic Image Segmentation
Deep Belief Networks With Genetic Algorithms in Forecasting Wind Speed
Adjustment of Pixel Intensity for Removal of Color Casts in Underwater Images
Secure Modulation Based on Constellation Mapping Obfuscation in OFDM Based TDD Systems
Real-Time Wide-Range Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation by Multi-Thread PADE for Fully Softwarized Access Networks
A Study on Using Transfer Learning to Utilize Information From Similar Systems for Data-Driven Condition Diagnosis and Prognosis
Power Allocation Schemes Based on Deep Learning for Distributed Antenna Systems
The Effects of Different Image Parameters on Human Action Recognition Models Trained on Real and Synthetic Image Data
Sparse Low-Rank Preserving Projection for Dimensionality Reduction
A Wideband, Circularly Polarized, Directive Antenna With a Circular Reflector
Secure and Transparent Mobility in Smart Cities: Revolutionizing AVNs to Predict Traffic Congestion Using MapReduce, Private Blockchain, and XAI
Marginalized Stacked Denoising Autoencoder With Adaptive Noise Probability for Cross Domain Classification
Large-Scale Semi-Supervised Training in Deep Learning Acoustic Model for ASR
Skill Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows Considering Dynamic Service Times and Time-Skill-Dependent Costs
Truth Inference With a Deep Clustering-Based Aggregation Model
Performance Analysis and Evaluation for Active Antenna Arrays Under Three-Dimensional Wireless Channel Model
Pediatric Sleep Stage Classification Using Multi-Domain Hybrid Neural Networks
FPGA Accelerator for Machine Learning Interatomic Potential-Based Molecular Dynamics of Gold Nanoparticles
Facial Expression Recognition by Inter-Class Relational Learning
Predicting Sensor Events, Activities, and Time of Occurrence Using Binary Sensor Data From Homes With Older Adults
Towards a Unified Framework of Matrix Derivatives
Leveraging Monte Carlo Dropout for Uncertainty Quantification in Real-Time Object Detection of Autonomous Vehicles
A Low-Loss Defected-Ground-Structure Based Phase Shifter and Antenna on a 4-μm Thin Liquid Crystal Layer
Snap-On User-Space Manager for Dynamically Reconfigurable System-on-Chips
The Influence of Digitization on the Dissemination of Traditional Chinese Music and Weibo Content Propagation Under Deep Learning
Reasoning for Local Graph Over Knowledge Graph With a Multi-Policy Agent
Time-Averaged Realistic Maximum Power Levels for the Assessment of Radio Frequency Exposure for 5G Radio Base Stations Using Massive MIMO
A Comparison Between Orthogonal and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Cooperative Relaying Power Line Communication Systems
Radio Over Fiber Downlink Design for Spatial Modulation and Multi-Set Space-Time Shift-Keying
Design of a 0.1-16GHz Reconfigurable Ultra-Wideband MMIC Power Amplifier
Perturbation AUTOVC: Voice Conversion From Perturbation and Autoencoder Loss
Transformer-Based Multi-Target Object Detection and Tracking Framework for Robust Spatio-Temporal Memory in Dynamic Environments
To See and be Seen - Perceived Ethics and Acceptability of Pervasive Augmented Reality
Lightweight IDS for IoT Based on Counter-Propagation Networks
Multimodal Egocentric Analysis of Focused Interactions
Security in Post-Quantum Era: A Comprehensive Survey on Lattice-Based Algorithms
Deep Networks for Direction of Arrival Estimation With Sparse Prior in Low SNR
Recent Advances in Dental Panoramic X-Ray Synthesis and Its Clinical Applications
Verifying the Safety of Formal Specification Using Fault Tree Analysis and Animation
Research on the Evolutionary Decision-Making Behavior Among the Government, Farmers, and Consumers: Based on the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products
Line Pilot Protection of Flexible DC Grid Based on Traveling-Wave JS Divergence
Seventeen-Level Inverter Based on Switched-Capacitor and Flying-Capacitor-Fed T-type Unit
Consistency Analysis and Priorities Deriving for Pythagorean Fuzzy Preference Relation in the "Computing in Memory"
Edge Computing-Based Adaptable Trajectory Transmission Policy for Vessels Monitoring Systems of Marine Fishery
Security in Telehealth Systems From a Software Engineering Viewpoint: A Systematic Mapping Study
Identifying G-Protein Coupled Receptors Using Mixed-Feature Extraction Methods and Machine Learning Methods
Soft Error in Saddle Fin-Based DRAM at Cryogenic Temperature
HENCE: Hardware End-to-End Neural Conditional Entropy Encoder for Lossless 3D Medical Image Compression
IRuCoR: Intelligent Running Companion Robot for Personalized Training
Multi-Modal Image Fusion via Sparse Representation and Multi-Scale Anisotropic Guided Measure
A 74-dB Dynamic-Range 625-kHz Bandwidth Second-Order Noise-Shaping SAR ADC Utilizing a Temperature-Compensated Dynamic Amplifier and a Digital Mismatch Calibration
Car Brake Disc Surface Defect Detection Based on Improved YOLOv5
An Improved SC Flip Decoding Algorithm of Polar Codes Based on Genetic Algorithm
Strongly Secure Identity-Based Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol With Identity Concealment for Secure Communication in 5G Network
MIFFuse: A Multi-Level Feature Fusion Network for Infrared and Visible Images
Emo-SL Framework: Emoji Sentiment Lexicon Using Text-Based Features and Machine Learning for Sentiment Analysis
Recursive Learning-Based Bilinear Subspace Identification for Online Modeling and Predictive Control of a Complicated Industrial Process
Performance Evaluation Gaps in a Real-Time Strategy Game Between Human and Artificial Intelligence Players
Optimizing Skyline Query Processing in Incomplete Data
Distributed Detection of Sensor Worms Using Sequential Analysis and Remote Software Attestations
Active Learning for Imbalanced Ordinal Regression
EgoSep: Egocentric On-Screen Sound Source Separation for Real-Time Edge Computing
Development of a Mathematical Model for Age-Dependent Radial Artery Pulse Wave Analysis Based on Pulse Waveform Decomposition
Bit Security Estimation Using Various Information-Theoretic Measures
Competition Between Service Providers With Strategic Resource Allocation: Application to Network Slicing
Fast and Lite Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Driving Utilizing LiDAR Synthetic Training Data
Exploiting Opportunistic Scheduling Schemes to Improve Physical-Layer Security in MU-MISO NOMA Systems
Compact Message Permutation for a Fully Pipelined BLAKE-256/512 Accelerator
Interactive Character Path-Following Using Long-Horizon Motion Matching With Revised Future Queries
Resilient Service Chains through Smart Replication
Analyzing Glide-Symmetric Holey Metasurfaces Using a Generalized Floquet Theorem
Current-Sensor-Based Contact Stiffness Detection for Prosthetic Hands
Cognitive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Aided Human Bond Communication System: Modeling and Performance Analysis
Optimization of a Cluster-Based Energy Management System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Without Affecting Prosumer Comfort: V2X Technologies and Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading
Adversarial Defense on Harmony: Reverse Attack for Robust AI Models Against Adversarial Attacks
Dynamic Updating the Three-Way Regions for the Optimal Rules
Continuous Gesture Recognition and Force Estimation Using sEMG Signal
Design and Test of High-Low Voltage Excitation System for HTS Synchronous Condenser
Enhancing Grid-Connected DFIG's LVRT Capability Using Dandelion Optimizer Based the Hybrid Fractional-Order PI and PI Controlled STATCOM
Defensive Ecological Adaptive Cruise Control Considering Neighboring Vehicles' Blind-Spot Zones
Research on Energy Storage and High Proportion of Renewable Energy Planning Considering Demand
A Bus Arrival Time Prediction Method Based on Position Calibration and LSTM
Calculation Model and Method of Gain-Loss Game Distribution Mechanism on Projectile and Target Intersection Confront
Campus Abnormal Behavior Recognition With Temporal Segment Transformers
Windowed Octonion Quadratic Phase Fourier Transform: Sharp Inequalities, Uncertainty Principles, and Examples in Signal Processing
Wireless Multiplexing Agile Antenna-Based Control System
How Did the Response Surface Methodology Optimized Reaction Conditions Influence and Enhance the Catalytic Performance of Nanoprous Chitosan Immobilized Cobalt Porphyrinate
EnigmaNet: A Novel Attention-Enhanced Segmentation Framework for Ischemic Stroke Lesion Detection in Brain MRI
Optimal Scheduling of CCHP With Distributed Energy Resources Based on Water Cycle Algorithm
Communication Protocol Classification Based on LSTM and DBN
The Application of Lempel-Ziv Complexity in Medicine Science, Nature Science, Social Science, and Engineering: A Review and Prospect
Study on the Position Estimation Method of Winding Segmented Permanent Magnet Linear Motor
MMC Based MTDC Grids: A Detailed Review on Issues and Challenges for Operation, Control and Protection Schemes
Complementary Sliding Mode Control via Elman Neural Network for Permanent Magnet Linear Servo System
In-Robot Network Architectures for Humanoid Robots With Human Sensor and Motor Functions
A Safety Monitoring Method for Anchor Cable Prestress During Slope Construction Based on Spatial Clustering and a Bayesian Panel Vector Autoregression Model
Prototyping of 40 GHz Band Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing System and Evaluation of Field Wireless Transmission Experiments
Taxonomy of Link Prediction for Social Network Analysis: A Review
Correction to "An Optimized Method for Segmentation and Classification of Apple Diseases Based on Strong Correlation and Genetic Algorithm Based Feature Selection"
Hierarchical Multi-Granularity Attention- Based Hybrid Neural Network for Text Classification
Enhanced Nonlinear Control for Trajectory Tracking Control of a Quad-Copter System Using Redfox Algorithm
QSOD: Hybrid Policy Gradient for Deep Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
Learning Deconvolutional Network for Object Tracking
An Intelligent Inversion Method for Azimuth Electromagnetic Logging While Drilling Measurements
Reliability Support of Undependable Grid Using Green Energy Systems: Economic Study
A Synchronized Word Representation Method With Dual Perceptual Information
Discovering Patterns With Weak-Wildcard Gaps
Multitenancy in Single Instance of Data Persistence Service for Supporting Low-Code Platforms
Sparsity-Inducing DOA Estimation of Coherent Signals Under the Coexistence of Mutual Coupling and Nonuniform Noise
Direction of Arrival Estimation by Convex Optimization Methods With Unknown Sensor Gain and Phase
Evolutionary Game of the Civil-Military Integration With Financial Support
Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Multi-Step-Ahead Daily Rainfall Prediction Using GCM Simulations
Transmission Line Ice Disaster Early Warning Method Based on Ice Thickness Prediction Using GM(1, 6) Model
Numerical Simulation of the Lightning Swept Stroke: Application to the Results From the NASA Storm Hazards Program
Generation of High-Order Bessel Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Beam Using a Single-Layer Reflective Metasurface
Downlink Multi-User Scheduling With Zero-Forcing Precoding in Cognitive Hetnets: From Performance Tradeoff Perspective
A Fuzzy Reasoning Model for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Classification Using Temporal Grayscale Change and Textures of Cervical Images During Acetic Acid Tests
Calculation Method of Spectrum Requirement for IMT-2020 eMBB and URLLC With Puncturing Based on M/G/1 Priority Queuing Model
A Web Second-Order Vulnerabilities Detection Method
Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Accurate Main Content Extraction From News Websites
A Privacy-Preserving User-Centric Data-Sharing Scheme
An Adaptive Modulation Technique to Improve the Power Quality of Single-Phase Single-Stage Current Source Inverters
Energy Efficient Space-Time Line Coded Regenerative Two-Way Relay Under Per-Antenna Power Constraints
Test Scenarios Construction Based on Combinatorial Testing Strategy for Automated Vehicles
Comparative Analysis of Quantum Encoding Techniques for Biomarker Classification
An Evolutionary Generation Method of Test Data for Multiple Paths Based on Coverage Balance
Predicting Duplicate in Bug Report Using Topic-Based Duplicate Learning With Fine Tuning-Based BERT Algorithm
Communication and Computing Cost Optimization of Meshed Hierarchical NFV Datacenters
Autonomous Wind-Turbine Blade Inspection Using LiDAR-Equipped Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Parameter Estimation of Neuro-Fuzzy Wiener Model With Colored Noise Using Separable Signals
A New Unit Selection Optimisation Algorithm for Corpus-Based TTS Systems Using the RBF-Based Data Compression Technique
Adversarial Learning of Mappings Onto Regularized Spaces for Biometric Authentication
Improving the Rotational Stiffness of Compact Aerostatic Guideway by Micro-Structures Optimization
An Image Encryption Scheme Based on IAVL Permutation Scheme and DNA Operations
Thermal Modeling and Analysis of a HPMSM Coupling With Magnetic Bearings
Transfer Deep Learning Along With Binary Support Vector Machine for Abnormal Behavior Detection
Velocity Control for Ripple Reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors With Low Performance Current Sensing
A Hybrid GAN-Based Approach to Solve Imbalanced Data Problem in Recommendation Systems
Improved Dynamic Multi-Party Quantum Private Comparison for Next-Generation Mobile Network
Remote Observation of a Small Meteotsunami in the Bight of Benin Using HF Radar Operating in Lower HF Band
A Solution for Secure Multi-Party Certified Electronic Mail Using Blockchain
VLSI Implementation of QRS Complex Detector Based on Wavelet Decomposition
FedMarket: A Cryptocurrency Driven Marketplace for Mobile Federated Learning Services
Band Pass Filters Based on GaN/Si Lumped-Element SAW Resonators Operating at Frequencies Above 5 GHz
Multivariate Nonlinear Sparse Mode Decomposition and Its Application in Gear Fault Diagnosis
Tunneling Trust Into the Blockchain: A Merkle Based Proof System for Structured Documents
A Neo-Reflective Wrist Pulse Oximeter
Online Illumination Learning for Interactive Global Illumination in Augmented Reality
A Stochastic Approach Towards Travel Route Optimization and Recommendation Based on Users Constraints Using Markov Chain
Automating Adaptive Execution Behaviors for Robot Manipulation
A Belief Propagation Based State Estimator for Semi-Intrusive Load Monitoring System
Overlapping Coalition Formation Games for Joint Interference Management and Resource Allocation in D2D Communications
A Secure Federated Deep Learning-Based Approach for Heating Load Demand Forecasting in Building Environment
Information Extraction From Free-Form CV Documents in Multiple Languages
Enhanced YOLOv5s Model for Improved Multi-Sized Object Detection in Road Scenes
Artificial Intelligence for Cybersecurity: A Systematic Mapping of Literature
Realization of Arithmetic Logic Units Using Electro-Optic Microring Resonators in Photonic Circuits
Tools for Fast Metric Data Search in Structural Methods for Image Classification
ARCog-NET: An Aerial Robot Cognitive Network Architecture for Swarm Applications Development
Dual-Channel and Bidirectional Neural Network for Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Trajectory Prediction
A Review on Language-Independent Search on Speech and its Applications
Frequency-Based Modeling of a Vehicle Fitted With Roll-Plane Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension for Ride Comfort and Experimental Validation
Mining Resource Community and Resource Role Network From Event Logs
Neural Network Approach for 2-Dimension Person Pose Estimation With Encoded Mask and Keypoint Detection
Prescribed Performance Trajectory Tracking Control for Under-Actuated Underwater Vehicles With Adaptive Dynamic Programming
Halal Products on Twitter: Data Extraction and Sentiment Analysis Using Stack of Deep Learning Algorithms
Power Allocation Between a Distributed Multistatic Radar Network and a Smart Jammer Based on Non- Cooperative Game Theory
A Semi-Automated Method for Measurement of Left Ventricular Volumes in 3D Echocardiography
Optimal Beamforming for Full-Duplex Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computation Systems
Parallel Recurrent Module With Inter-Layer Attention for Capturing Long-Range Feature Relationships
Iso-m Based Adaptive Fractional Order Control With Application to a Soft Robotic Neck
Study on the Regional Differences and Promotion Models of Green Technology Innovation Performance in China: Based on Entropy Weight Method and Fuzzy Set-Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Optimal Subsidy Policy for Green Energy Trading Among Three Parties: A Game Theoretical Approach
Quantum Codes: A Comprehensive Survey of Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions