yusuke1997/dblp-id-title huggingface dataset:
MHD Mixed Convection Flow of Hybrid Ferrofluid through Stagnation-Point over the Nonlinearly Moving Surface with Convective Boundary Condition, Viscous Dissipation, and Joule Heating Effects
Autonomous Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance for Small VTOL UAV in Unknown Environments
Some Aspects of Differential Topology of Subcartesian Spaces
On a Generalization of the Initial-Boundary Problem for the Vibrating String Equation
El Niño Index Prediction Using Deep Learning with Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
A Prabhakar Fractional Approach for the Convection Flow of Casson Fluid across an Oscillating Surface Based on the Generalized Fourier Law
An Improved Multi-Objective Harris Hawk Optimization with Blank Angle Region Enhanced Search
Analytical Scaling Solutions for the Evolution of Cosmic Domain Walls in a Parameter-Free Velocity-Dependent One-Scale Model
Symmetric Toeplitz Matrices for a New Family of Prestarlike Functions
(2, k)-Distance Fibonacci Polynomials
Modeling the Non-Hermitian Infinity-Loop Micro-Resonator over a Free Spectral Range Reveals the Characteristics for Operation at an Exceptional Point
Bäcklund Transformations for Integrable Geometric Curve Flows
Topological Properties of Braid-Paths Connected 2-Simplices in Covering Spaces under Cyclic Orientations
Hidden-Charm Pentaquarks with Strangeness in a Chiral Quark Model
Tactical and Operational Cooperative Empty Container Repositioning Optimization Model Based on Business Flow and Initial Solutions Generation Rules
A Poisson Algebra for Abelian Yang-Mills Fields on Riemannian Manifolds with Boundary
Development and Space Experiment Verification of Annular Liquid Flow Payload for China Space Station
Synchronized Cyclograms to Assess Inter-Limb Symmetry during Gait in Post-Stroke Patients
A Time-Frequency Domain Underdetermined Blind Source Separation Algorithm for MIMO Radar Signals
The Linguistic Concept's Reduction Methods under Symmetric Linguistic-Evaluation Information
Detection of a Rotating Conveyor Roller Casing Vibrations on a Laboratory Machine
Further Studies of the Supersymmetric NJL-Type Model for a Real Superfield Composite
Implementing an Efficient Secure Attribute-Based Encryption System for IoV Using Association Rules
A Class of Critical Magnetic Fractional Kirchhoff Problems
Brain Symmetry in Alpha Band When Watching Cuts in Movies
On Some Origins of Tautomeric Preferences in Neutral Creatinine in Vacuo: Search for Analogies and Differences in Cyclic Azoles and Azines
Uniform Convexity in Variable Exponent Sobolev Spaces
The Riemann Zeros as Spectrum and the Riemann Hypothesis
Refinement Asymptotic Formulas of Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of a Fourth Order Linear Differential Operator with Transmission Condition and Discontinuous Weight Function
Primary Amino Acid Lithium Salt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of Carbon Nucleophiles to Enones
Fractional-Order Numerical Scheme with Symmetric Structure for Fractional Differential Equations with Step-Size Control
Histological Evaluation of a New Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate/Hydroxyapatite/Poly (1-Lactide-Co-Caprolactone) Composite Biomaterial in the Inflammatory Process and Repair of Critical Bone Defects
Toward Enhanced Geological Analysis: A Novel Approach Based on Transmuted Semicircular Distribution
Closed-Form Solutions for the Form-Finding of Regular Tensegrity Structures by Group Elements
The Mechanism of Droplet Thermocapillary Migration Coupled with Multi-Physical Fields
Decay Law of Supercritical CO2 Phase Transition-Induced Shock Waves in Rocky Media
A Novel Probabilistic Approach Based on Trigonometric Function: Model, Theory with Practical Applications
Three-Dimensional Investigation of Hydraulic Properties of Vertical Drop in the Presence of Step and Grid Dissipators
Some Subordination Results for Atangana-Baleanu Fractional Integral Operator Involving Bessel Functions
Langmuir Forcing and Collapsing Subsonic Density Cavitons via Random Modulations
Multi-Scale Insights on the Threshold Pressure Gradient in Low-Permeability Porous Media
Direct Power Compensation in AC Distribution Networks with SCES Systems via PI-PBC Approach
Dynamics of Particles with Electric Charge and Magnetic Dipole Moment near Schwarzschild-MOG Black Hole
On Stability of a General n-Linear Functional Equation
The Effect of Nanoparticle Shape and Microchannel Geometry on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Porous Microchannel
Automatic Identification of Sound Source Position Coordinates Using a Sound Metric System of Sensors Linked with an Internet Connection
A Symmetry Motivated Link Table
Guided Wave-Based Damage Detection of Square Steel Tubes Utilizing Structure Symmetry
The Circle Group Heuristic to Improve the Efficiency of the Discrete Bacterial Memetic Evolutionary Algorithm Applied for TSP, TRP, and TSPTW
Fuzzy System-Based Fear Estimation Based on the Symmetrical Characteristics of Face and Facial Feature Points
Symmetric Strange Attractors: A Review of Symmetry and Conditional Symmetry
Analytic Functions in a Complete Reinhardt Domain Having Bounded L-Index in Joint Variables
Symmetric Ultrasensitive Quasi-Fuzzy Molecular Controller
Solving the Economic Growth Acceleration Model with Memory Effects: An Application of Combined Theorem of Adomian Decomposition Methods and Kashuri-Fundo Transformation Methods
Fixed-Time Formation Control for Second-Order Disturbed Multi-Agent Systems under Directed Graph
Laterality as a Predictor of Coping Strategies in Dogs Entering a Rescue Shelter
Subclasses of Starlike and Convex Functions Associated with the Limaçon Domain
Analysis of Homotopy Decomposition Varieties in Quotient Topological Spaces
Computational Analysis of MHD Nonlinear Radiation Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow at Vertical Stretching Sheet
On the Performance of a Nonlinear Position-Velocity Controller to Stabilize Rotor-Active Magnetic-Bearings System
Entity Linking via Symmetrical Attention-Based Neural Network and Entity Structural Features
On Unconditionally Stable New Modified Fractional Group Iterative Scheme for the Solution of 2D Time-Fractional Telegraph Model
Coupling Form and Function: How the Oligomerisation Symmetry of the SAS-6 Protein Contributes to the Architecture of Centriole Organelles
WebShell Attack Detection Based on a Deep Super Learner
Rational Type Contractions in Extended b-Metric Spaces
Consequences of f(?) Cosmology in Thermal Leptogenesis and Gravitino Late Abundance
Industrial Machinery Components Classification: A Case of D-S Pooling
A New Asymmetric H-6 Structured Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Power Components
Ephemeral-Secret-Leakage Secure ID-Based Three-Party Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol for Mobile Distributed Computing Environments
Finite Sets - What Kind of Finite?
Global Models of Collapsing Scalar Field: Endstate
A Hidden Side of the Conformational Mobility of the Quercetin Molecule Caused by the Rotations of the O3H, O5H and O7H Hydroxyl Groups: In Silico Scrupulous Study
Revisiting Ćirić-Type Contraction with Caristi's Approach
Three-Dimensional Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Trajectory Planning Based on the Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm
Detecting Heavy Neutral SUSY Higgs Bosons Decaying to Sparticles at the High-Luminosity LHC
Existence and Uniqueness Results for Different Orders Coupled System of Fractional Integro-Differential Equations with Anti-Periodic Nonlocal Integral Boundary Conditions
Development of a New Risk Assessment Methodology for Light Goods Vehicles on Two-Lane Road Sections
Symmetry and Asymmetry in the Fluid Mechanical Sewing Machine
The Semantic Meaning of Hand Shapes and Z-Dimension Movements of Freehand Distal Pointing on Large Displays
A Novel Similarity Measure for Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Its Applications
Generalized Q-Neutrosophic Soft Expert Set for Decision under Uncertainty
On Lommel Matrix Polynomials
Security Concepts in Emerging 6G Communication: Threats, Countermeasures, Authentication Techniques and Research Directions
Geometry of Warped Product Hemi-Slant Submanifolds of an S-Manifold
An Iterative Approach for Finding Minimal-Optimal Solutions of the Min-Max Programming Problem with Addition-Overlap Functions
Numerical Investigation of Fractional-Order Swift-Hohenberg Equations via a Novel Transform
Study of a Coupled System with Sub-Strip and Multi-Valued Boundary Conditions via Topological Degree Theory on an Infinite Domain
On a Nonlocal Coupled System of Hilfer Generalized Proportional Fractional Differential Equations
The Complexity of Some Classes of Pyramid Graphs Created from a Gear Graph
Two Generic Convergence Results for Infinite Products of Generalized Nonexpansive Mappings
Attentive Gated Graph Neural Network for Image Scene Graph Generation
Recent Advances in Surrogate Modeling Methods for Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation
Variable Step-Size FxLMS Algorithm Based on Cooperative Coupling of Double Nonlinear Functions
A Semi-Analytical Method to Investigate Fractional-Order Gas Dynamics Equations by Shehu Transform
Joint Prediction of Li-Ion Battery Cycle Life and Knee Point Based on Early Charging Performance
Resonance in Chirogenesis and Photochirogenesis: Colloidal Polymers Meet Chiral Optofluidics
Performance Assessment of Cascade Control System with Non-Gaussian Disturbance Based on Minimum Entropy
New Results about Fuzzy Differential Subordinations Associated with Pascal Distribution
Reusing Source Task Knowledge via Transfer Approximator in Reinforcement Transfer Learning
The Influence of Voids in the Vibrations of Bodies with Dipolar Structure
A New Evaluation for Solving the Fully Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis with Z-Numbers
Relationship between Fractal Dimension and Spectral Scaling Decay Rate in Computer-Generated Fractals
A Study of Positivity Analysis for Difference Operators in the Liouville-Caputo Setting
EEG-Based EMG Estimation of Shoulder Joint for the Power Augmentation System of Upper Limbs
Shape Transition and Coexistence in 66Se Studied with Phenomenological and Microscopic Models
Numerical Inverse Laplace Transform for Solving a Class of Fractional Differential Equations
Improper Integrals of Type II - A New Look and Some Surprising Facts
Frequency Shift of Photons in the Spacetime of Deformed RN BH
An Improved Three-Way K-Means Algorithm by Optimizing Cluster Centers
A New Best Proximity Point Results in Partial Metric Spaces Endowed with a Graph
Reliability Analysis and Its Applications for a Newly Improved Type-II Adaptive Progressive Alpha Power Exponential Censored Sample
Studying Massive Suction Impact on Magneto-Flow of a Hybridized Casson Nanofluid on a Porous Continuous Moving or Fixed Surface
GMS-RANSAC: A Fast Algorithm for Removing Mismatches Based on ORB-SLAM2
On a Reduction Formula for a Kind of Double q -Integrals
The Immobilization of Oxindole Derivatives with Use of Cube Rhombellane Homeomorphs
Special Issue of Symmetry: "Symmetry in Mathematical Analysis and Functional Analysis"
Synchronization of Chaotic Satellite Systems with Fractional Derivatives Analysis Using Feedback Active Control Techniques
Explicit and Implicit Preference for Symmetry Across Object Categories
Interference Alignment Based on Rank Constraint in MIMO Cognitive Radio Networks
High Energy Behavior in Maximally Supersymmetric Gauge Theories in Various Dimensions
A Unified Method for Selecting Parameters and Primitive Elements in 2 × 2 Matrix Fields for Cryptographic Protocols
Time Series Seasonal Analysis Based on Fuzzy Transforms
A Haptic Model of Entanglement, Gauge Symmetries and Minimal Interaction Based on Knot Theory
Triple Sampling Inference Procedures for the Mean of the Normal Distribution When the Population Coefficient of Variation Is Known
The Acid-Base Through-the-Cage Interaction as an Example of an Inversion in a Cage Isomerism
Space-Time Properties of Extreme RN Black Holes in Static Triangular Distribution
Global Stabilization of a Reaction Wheel Pendulum: A Discrete-Inverse Optimal Formulation Approach via A Control Lyapunov Function
On Convergence Analysis and Analytical Solutions of the Conformable Fractional Fitzhugh-Nagumo Model Using the Conformable Sumudu Decomposition Method
The Minimum Selection of Crowdsourcing Images under the Resource Budget
Numerical Analysis of Time-Fractional Porous Media and Heat Transfer Equations Using a Semi-Analytical Approach
Human Symmetry Uncertainty Detected by a Self-Organizing Neural Network Map
Analytical Solutions of Nonlocal Thermoelastic Interaction on Semi-Infinite Mediums Induced by Ramp-Type Heating
Neutrosophic Components Semigroups and Multiset Neutrosophic Components Semigroups
Hybrid Weighted Arithmetic and Geometric Aggregation Operator of Neutrosophic Cubic Sets for MADM
Infinitesimal Periodic Deformations and Quadrics
Gaugino Masses from Misaligned Supersymmetry Breaking and R-Symmetry Breaking Spurions
Computational Analysis of the Comprehensive Lifetime Performance Index for Exponentiated Fréchet Lifetime Distribution Products with Multi-Components
Before the Page Time: Maximum Entanglements or the Return of the Monster?
Complexity Phenomena Induced by Novel Symmetry and Symmetry-Breakings with Antiscreening at Cosmological Scales - A Tutorial
On the Qualitative Behavior of Third-Order Differential Equations with a Neutral Term
WES-BTM: A Short Text-Based Topic Clustering Model
Multi-Strategy Enhanced Dung Beetle Optimizer and Its Application in Three-Dimensional UAV Path Planning
The Cauchy Conjugate Gradient Algorithm with Random Fourier Features
A Multi-Source Big Data Security System of Power Monitoring Network Based on Adaptive Combined Public Key Algorithm
Data-Driven Model Predictive Control for Uncalibrated Visual Servoing
Co-Saliency Detection of RGBD Image Based on Superpixel and Hypergraph
Ensemble-Based Susceptibility Modeling with Predictive Symmetry Optimization: A Case Study from Mount Tai, China
A Probability Mass Function for Various Shapes of the Failure Rates, Asymmetric and Dispersed Data with Applications to Coronavirus and Kidney Dysmorphogenesis
Lack of Correlation between Facial Sexual Dimorphism, Fluctuating Asymmetry and Self-Perceived Attractiveness in Men and Women
ETLSH-YOLO: An Edge-Real-Time Transmission Line Safety Hazard Detection Method
First-Principles Calculations of High-Pressure Physical Properties of Ti0.5Ta0.5 Alloy
On the Effect of Thomson and Initial Stress in a Thermo-Porous Elastic Solid under G-N Electromagnetic Theory
Associations between Floral Asymmetry and Individual Genetic Variability Differ among Three Prickly Pear ( Opuntia echios ) Populations
Orbits of Particles and Photons around Regular Rotating Black Holes and Solitons
Influence of Plastic Anisotropy on the Limit Load of an Overmatched Cracked Tension Specimen
Use of Determination of the Importance of Criteria in Business-Friendly Certification of Cities as Sustainable Local Economic Development Planning Tool
Balance Adjustment of Power-Line Inspection Robot Using General Type-2 Fractional Order Fuzzy PID Controller
An Efficient Class of Weighted-Newton Multiple Root Solvers with Seventh Order Convergence
Mirror Symmetry for New Physics beyond the Standard Model in 4D Spacetime
Real-Time Intrusion Detection and Prevention System for 5G and beyond Software-Defined Networks
Fuzzy Model Parameter and Structure Optimization Using Analytic, Numerical and Heuristic Approaches
Enhancement of an Optimized Key for Database Sanitization to Ensure the Security and Privacy of an Autism Dataset
On the Dynamics of Higgins-Selkov, Selkov and Brusellator Oscillators
Pareto Optimality for Multioptimization of Continuous Linear Operators
Aesthetic Patterns with Symmetries of the Regular Polyhedron
Nonlinear Dynamic Modelling of Two-Point and Symmetrically Supported Pipeline Brackets with Elastic-Porous Metal Rubber Damper
Estimation of the Modified Weibull Additive Hazards Regression Model under Competing Risks
Force, Power, and Morphology Asymmetries as Injury Risk Factors in Physically Active Men and Women
Unified Spatial-Frequency Modeling and Alignment for Multi-Scale Small Object Detection
Space-Time Coupling: Current Concept and Two Examples from Ultrafast Optics Studied Using Exact Solution of EM Equations
Optimal Battery Energy Storage System Based on VAR Control Strategies Using Particle Swarm Optimization for Power Distribution System
Symmetry in Engineering Sciences
Analysis of an M/G/1 Retrial Queue with Delayed Repair and Feedback under Working Vacation policy with Impatient Customers
S-Contractive Mappings on Vector-Valued White Noise Functional Space and Their Applications
Local Super Antimagic Total Labeling for Vertex Coloring of Graphs
Reconstructing Three-Dimensional Human Poses: A Combined Approach of Iterative Calculation on Skeleton Model and Conformal Geometric Algebra
Design of Fuzzy TS-PDC Controller for Electrical Power System via Rules Reduction Approach
Optimal Fuzzy Controller Design for Autonomous Robot Path Tracking Using Population-Based Metaheuristics
Enhancing the Proportion of Sub-5 μm Atomized Droplet Size in Medical Air-Compression Nebulizer
Aging Detection of Electrical Point Machines Based on Support Vector Data Description
Constructing Dixon Matrix for Sparse Polynomial Equations Based on Hybrid and Heuristics Scheme
Generalized Semi-Symmetric Non-Metric Connections of Non-Integrable Distributions
Parameter Estimation of PV Solar Cells and Modules Using Deep Learning-Based White Shark Optimizer Algorithm
Photoelectronic Properties of Chiral Self-Assembled Diphenylalanine Nanotubes: A Computational Study
Heavy Quark Expansion of Λb→Λ*(1520) Form Factors beyond Leading Order
An Application of Symmetry Approach to Finance: Gauge Symmetry in Finance
An Adaptive Initialization and Reproduction-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Tackling Bi-Objective Feature Selection in Classification
Some Curvature Properties of Finsler Warped Product Metrics
Complexity Analysis of Benes Network and Its Derived Classes via Information Functional Based Entropies
Sovereign Debt and Currency Crises Prediction Models Using Machine Learning Techniques
A Reweighted Symmetric Smoothed Function Approximating L 0 -Norm Regularized Sparse Reconstruction Method
Spacetime Symmetries and Classical Mechanics
Multiple Alignments of Protein Families with Weak Sequence Similarity Within the Family
A Nonstandard Finite Difference Method for a Generalized Black-Scholes Equation
A Single-Event Transient Radiation Hardened Low-Dropout Regulator for LC Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
Improving the Convergence of Interval Single-Step Method for Simultaneous Approximation of Polynomial Zeros
Mining Asymmetric Traffic Behavior at Signalized Intersections Using a Cellular Automaton Framework
Research on Genetic Algorithm Optimization with Fusion Tabu Search Strategy and Its Application in Solving Three-Dimensional Packing Problems
A New Strategy for Improving the Tracking Performance of Magnetic Levitation System in Maglev Train
A Dynamically Adjusted Subspace Gradient Method and Its Application in Image Restoration
Space Habitat Data Centers - For Future Computing
Classical Limit for Dirac Fermions with Modified Action in the Presence of a Black Hole
A Transfer-Learning-Based Approach to Symmetry-Preserving Dynamic Equivalent Modeling of Large Power Systems with Small Variations in Operating Conditions
Intuitionistic Type-2 Fuzzy Set and Its Properties
Training Data Selection for Record Linkage Classification
Jacobi Stability for T-System
Recent Advances in Chiral and Achiral Metasurfaces Under Symmetry Preservation and Breaking
A Modified Parallel Algorithm for a Common Fixed-Point Problem with Application to Signal Recovery
An Efficient Red-Black Skewed Modified Accelerated Arithmetic Mean Iterative Method for Solving Two-Dimensional Poisson Equation
Associations Between Inter-Limb Asymmetry in Lower Limb Strength and Jump Performance in 14-15-Year-Old Basketball Players
A Novel Symmetrical Peak Fitting Method Based on Improved WOA Algorithm for the Analysis of Microchip Electrophoresis Signals
Hierarchical Meta-Learning in Time Series Forecasting for Improved Interference-Less Machine Learning
Newton's Law of Cooling with Generalized Conformable Derivatives
Quintessential Inflation with Dynamical Higgs Generation as an Affine Gravity
Improving the Results of the Earned Value Management Technique Using Artificial Neural Networks in Construction Projects
Microwave Photonic ICs for 25 Gb/s Optical Link Based on SiGe BiCMOS Technology
Gaussian Chebyshev Polynomials and Their Properties
A New Xgamma-Weibull Model Using Type-II Adaptive Progressive Hybrid Censoring and Its Applications in Engineering and Medicine
Longitudinal Observation of Asymmetric Iron Deposition in an Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping
Dynamic Evolution Method and Symmetric Consistency Analysis for Big Data-Oriented Software Architecture Based on Extended Bigraph
Spatial Kinetic Modeling of Crowd Evacuation: Coupling Social Behavior and Infectious Disease Contagion
Permissions-Based Detection of Android Malware Using Machine Learning
Docking Linear Ligands to Glucose Oxidase
Symmetry Transformations in Cosmological and Black Hole Analytical Solutions
Enhancing Land Cover Classification: Fuzzy Similarity Approach Versus Random Forest
Bounds for the Differences between Arithmetic and Geometric Means and Their Applications to Inequalities
Synthesis of a Novel Chiral Stationary Phase by (R)-1, 1′-Binaphthol and the Study on Mechanism of Chiral Recognition
Oscillatory Properties of Solutions of Even-Order Differential Equations
The Impact of the Anisotropy of the Media between Parallel Plates on the Casimir Force
Quark Matter at High Baryon Density, Conformality and Quarkyonic Matter
On Consistent Nonparametric Statistical Tests of Symmetry Hypotheses
Explicit Analytical Form for the Average Run Length of Double-Modified Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Charts Through the MA(q) Process and Applications
Harris Hawks Optimization with Multi-Strategy Search and Application
Asymmetric Perfect Absorption and Lasing of Nonlinear Waves by a Complex δ-Potential
Research on Symmetry Optimization of Designer Requirements and Prototyping Platform Functionality in the Context of Agile Development
Ulam-Hyers Stability via Fixed Point Results for Special Contractions in b-Metric Spaces
Research on Hidden Backdoor Prompt Attack Method
Best Proximity Point Results for Multi-Valued Mappings in Generalized Metric Structure
Qualitative Properties of Solutions of Second-Order Neutral Differential Equations
Photonic Topological Insulator Based on Frustrated Total Internal Reflection in Array of Coupled Prism Resonators
Evolutionary Dynamics of Division of Labor Games for Underwater Searching Tasks
User Behavior on Online Social Networks: Relationships among Social Activities and Satisfaction
Intrinsic Metrics on Sierpinski-Like Triangles and Their Geometric Properties
Zebrafish Melanophores Suggest Novel Functions of Cell Chirality in Tissue Formation
Modeling Based on Machine Learning and Synthetic Generated Dataset for the Needs of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Forensics
Robust Watermarking of Tiny Neural Networks by Fine-Tuning and Post-Training Approaches
Padé Approximants, Their Properties, and Applications to Hydrodynamic Problems
Symmetry Analysis and Conservation Laws of a Generalization of the Kelvin-Voigt Viscoelasticity Equation
Symmetrical Uncertainty-Based Feature Subset Generation and Ensemble Learning for Electricity Customer Classification
Approaches to Three-Way Decisions Based on the Evaluation of Probabilistic Linguistic Terms Sets
Nonlinear Management of Topological Solitons in a Spin-Orbit-Coupled System
A Coarse-to-Fine Approach for 3D Facial Landmarking by Using Deep Feature Fusion
The Black Hole with a Finite-Sized Core Structure
Laplacian Spectra for Categorical Product Networks and Its Applications
Probability Axioms and Set Theory Paradoxes
A New Fluctuating Asymmetry Index, or the Solution for the Scaling Effect?
Durrmeyer-Type Generalization of Parametric Bernstein Operators
An Application of the Kalman Filter Recursive Algorithm to Estimate the Gaussian Errors by Minimizing the Symmetric Loss Function
Inhibiting Eutectic Si Macrosegregation in Squeeze Cast A356 Alloy by Symmetrical Multidirectional Pressure