yusuke1997/dblp-id-title huggingface dataset:
Receive Spatial Modulation Aided Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer With Finite Alphabet
A multicarrier interleave-division uwb system
Blockage-Robust Hybrid Beamforming Enabling High Sum Rate for Millimeter-Wave OFDM Systems
Cluster Characterization of 3-D MIMO Propagation Channel in an Urban Macrocellular Environment
Robust Transceiver Design for Broadband Multiuser Multi-Relay Networks
A Novel Algorithm for Multipath Fingerprinting in Indoor WLAN Environments
An Efficient Uplink Multi-Connectivity Scheme for 5G Millimeter-Wave Control Plane Applications
Spatial Fading in Retrodirective Channels: An Experimental Study
Optimal asymmetric resource allocation with limited feedback for OFDM based relay systems
MIMO Energy Harvesting in Full-Duplex Multi-User Networks
FA-Aided SWIPT Systems With SIC Capabilities: A Stochastic Geometry Copula-Based Framework
Outage Probability and Optimum Combining for Time Division Broadcast Protocol
DeepRx: Fully Convolutional Deep Learning Receiver
Distributed Clock Parameters Tracking in Wireless Sensor Network
Empowering ISAC Systems With Federated Learning: A Focus on Satellite and RIS-Enhanced Terrestrial Integrated Networks
Message-driven frequency hopping: Design and analysis
Joint Space-Time Parameter Estimation for Underwater Communication Channels with Velocity Vector Sensor Arrays
Optimization of Energy Efficiency for Federated Learning Over IRS-Assisted Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks
Orthogonally multiplexed on-off-keyed amplitude and phase modulation families
On the Delay/Throughput-Security Tradeoff in Wiretap TDMA Networks With Buffered Nodes
Collusion-Resistant Repeated Double Auctions for Relay Assignment in Cooperative Networks
Relaying and Radio Resource Partitioning for Machine-Type Communications in Cellular Networks
Saturation Throughput Analysis of the Slotted BiC-MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks
Adaptive Rendezvous for Heterogeneous Channel Environments in Cognitive Radio Networks
An Anonymous and Self-Verified Mobile Authentication with Authenticated Key Agreement for Large-Scale Wireless Networks
Exploiting Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for Interference Channels With SWIPT
Differential preamble detection in packet-based wireless networks
Coded Caching Enabled Fluid Antenna Multiple Access for Interference-Free Connectivity
Multipolarization Superposition Beamforming: Novel Scheme of Transmit Power Allocation and Subcarrier Assignment
Impact of Network Load on Forward Link Inter-Cell Interference in Cellular Data Networks
Coordinated Shared Spectrum Precoding With Distributed CSIT
Blind Schemes for Asynchronous CDMA Systems on Dispersive MIMO Channels
Time-Domain Turbo Equalization for Single-Carrier Generalized Spatial Modulation
PNC Enabled IIoT: A General Framework for Channel-Coded Asymmetric Physical-Layer Network Coding
Power-Availability-Aware Cell Association for Energy-Harvesting Small-Cell Base Stations
Coded DS-CDMA systems with iterative channel estimation and no pilot symbols
Downlink and Uplink NOMA-ISAC With Signal Alignment
Demand-Driven Task Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Cooperative Compute-and-Forward
FBMC-Based Random Access Signal Design and Detection for LEO Base Stations
Spectrum Sharing Techniques for Broadcast Cognitive Radio Networks
Design of Orthogonal Pulse Waveforms With Tunable Frequency and Bandwidth for Carrier-Free THz Communications
Two-Way Decode-and-Forward for Low-Complexity Wireless Relaying: Selective Forwarding Versus One-Bit Soft Forwarding
Constrained MMSE receivers for CDMA systems in frequency-selective fading channels
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Under a Random Geometric Primary User Network Model
An Uniform Handover Authentication between E-UTRAN and Non-3GPP Access Networks
Conformal Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Assisted Networks With Reflection Constraints
Transmission Schemes for Gaussian Interference Channels with Transmitter Processing Energy
Amplitude Barycenter Calibration of Delay-Doppler Spectrum for OTFS Signal - An Endeavor to Integrated Sensing and Communication Waveform Design
Clique-Based Utility Maximization in Wireless Mesh Networks
Fade-resistant CDMA transmission and reception over time-varying wireless channels
Secure Rate Splitting Multiple Access: How Much of the Split Signal to Reveal?
Price-Based Resource Allocation in Massive MIMO H-CRANs With Limited Fronthaul Capacity
Impartial SWIPT-Assisted User Cooperation Schemes
Machine-Learning Beam Tracking and Weight Optimization for mmWave Multi-UAV Links
Performance Analysis of Volume-Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio
Joint Beamformer Design for Wireless Fronthaul and Access Links in C-RANs
Content-Centric Sparse Multicast Beamforming for Cache-Enabled Cloud RAN
Cross-Layer Multi-Packet Reception Based Medium Access Control and Resource Allocation for Space-Time Coded MIMO/OFDM
The Effects of Ordering Criteria in Linear Successive Interference Cancellation in CDMA Systems
Corrections to and comments on "optimization of urban optical wireless communication systems"
RIS-Aided Cooperative Mobile Edge Computing: Computation Efficiency Maximization via Joint Uplink and Downlink Resource Allocation
Joint TCP Congestion Control and CSMA Scheduling without Message Passing
Asynchronous Activity Detection for Cell-Free Massive MIMO: From Centralized to Distributed Algorithms
Multiple-Target Detection in Cell-Free Massive MIMO-Assisted ISAC
Fundamentals of RIS-Aided Localization in the Far-Field
Distributive Pilot Arrangement Based on Modified M-sequences for OFDM Intercarrier Interference Estimation
Performance analysis of a predetection EGC receiver in exponentially correlated nakagami-m fading channels for noncoherent binary modulations
Opportunistic Noisy Network Coding for Fading Relay Networks Without CSIT
On the Optimal Transmission Policy in Hybrid Energy Supply Wireless Communication Systems
Maximum Asymptotic Stable Throughput of Opportunistic Slotted ALOHA and Applications to CDMA Networks
Relay Subset Selection in Cooperative Systems with Beamforming and Limited Feedback
Coverage and Rate Maximization via User Association in Multi-Antenna HetNets
Low-Cost Approximate LMMSE Equalizer Based on Krylov Subspace Methods for HSDPA
Efficient threshold self-healing key distribution with sponsorization for infrastructureless wireless networks
A Modified δ-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Filtering for Multi-Source DOA Tracking With Coprime Array
DMT Optimal Cooperative Protocols with Destination-Based Selection of the Best Relay
LOTUS: Location-Aware Online Truthful Double Auction for Dynamic Spectrum Access
New Beamforming Techniques Based on Virtual SINR Maximization for Coordinated Multi-Cell Transmission
Optimal Precoder Design for Distributed Transmit Beamforming Over Frequency-Selective Channels
Security-Reliability Tradeoff for Distributed Antenna Systems in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
The multivariate alpha-µ distribution
Computation Efficiency Maximization in Wireless-Powered Mobile Edge Computing Networks
Target-Mounted Intelligent Reflecting Surface for Secure Wireless Sensing
Efficient Coded Cooperative Networks With Energy Harvesting and Transferring
Blockage-Resilient Hybrid Transceiver Optimization for mmWave Communications
Linear Precoding with Resource Allocation for MIMO Relay Channels
IoUT Based Underwater Target Localization in the Presence of Time Synchronization Attacks
Hybridized MA-DRL for Serving xURLLC With Cognizable RIS and UAV Integration
Interference Efficiency: A New Metric to Analyze the Performance of Cognitive Radio Networks
Achievable Rate Optimization for Stacked Intelligent Metasurface-Assisted Holographic MIMO Communications
Message-Passing Receiver Design for Multiuser Multi-Backscatter-Device Symbiotic Radio Communications
Joint Secure and Covert Communications for Active STAR-RIS Assisted ISAC Systems
Joint User Scheduling and Multi-Domain Resource Allocation for Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks Integration
A Note on Discrete-Time Triply-Selective MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channel Models
SIR Analysis of OFDM and GFDM Waveforms With Timing Offset, CFO, and Phase Noise
User capacity scaling laws for fading multiple-access channels
QoS-Constrained Relay Control for Full-Duplex Relaying With SWIPT
Chinese Remainder Theorem-Based Sequence Design for Resource Block Assignment in Relay-Assisted Internet-of-Things Communications
Throughput Analysis of Cooperative Communication in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks With Frequency Reuse
The Device-to-Device Reuse Maximization Problem With Power Control
Modulation Diversity in Fading Channels with a Quantized Receiver
Two-dimensional code acquisition in environments with a spatially nonuniform distribution of interference: algorithms and performance
Learning-Based Reliable and Secure Transmission for UAV-RIS-Assisted Communication Systems
Towards Immortal Wireless Sensor Networks by Optimal Energy Beamforming and Data Routing
Enhancing Secrecy Energy Efficiency in THz MIMO Two-Way Relay Systems With SWIPT and Precoding
Triple-Structured Compressive Sensing-Based Channel Estimation for RIS-Aided MU-MIMO Systems
Variational Bayesian Inference for Time-Varying Massive MIMO Channels: Estimation and Detection
Under-Determined DOA Estimation: A Method Based on Higher-Order Statistics and Non-Uniform Arrays
Opportunistic power allocation and sensor selection schemes for wireless sensor networks
Empirical Study on Near-Field and Spatial Non-Stationarity Modeling for THz XL-MIMO Channel in Indoor Scenario
Transport Capacity of Distributed Wireless CSMA Networks
Topology Control in Hybrid VLC/RF Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
Analysis and Augmented Spatial Processing for Uplink OFDMA MU-MIMO Receiver With Transceiver I/Q Imbalance and External Interference
Intelligent Attacks and Defense Methods in Federated Learning-Enabled Energy-Efficient Wireless Networks
Caching at Base Stations With Multi-Cluster Multicast Wireless Backhaul via Accelerated First-Order Algorithms
Resource Allocation for IRS-Assisted V2I Anti-Jamming Communications in Interweave CIoV Networks: A Transformer-Enhanced Multi-Agent DRL Method
Joint Rate Adaptation, Channel Assignment and Routing to Maximize Social Welfare in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks
Low-Complexity Joint Azimuth-Range-Velocity Estimation for Integrated Sensing and Communication With OFDM Waveform
Two-Timescale Transmission Design and RIS Optimization for Integrated Localization and Communications
Multi-Static Target Detection and Power Allocation for Integrated Sensing and Communication in Cell-Free Massive MIMO
Serially-Concatenated Low-Density Generator Matrix (SCLDGM) Codes for Transmission Over AWGN and Rayleigh Fading Channels
Dynamic User Activity and Data Detection for Grant-Free NOMA via Weighted ℓ 2, 1 Minimization
IRS-Enhanced Secure Semantic Communication Networks: Cross-Layer and Context-Awared Resource Allocation
RSS-Based Location Estimation with Unknown Pathloss Model
Maximum Achievable Capacity in Airborne MIMO Communications with Arbitrary Alignments of Linear Transceiver Antenna Arrays
Fluid Antenna System: New Insights on Outage Probability and Diversity Gain
PAPR Analytical Characterization and Reduced-PAPR Code Allocation Strategy for MC-CDMA Transmissions
Convergence Analysis and Assurance for Gaussian Message Passing Iterative Detector in Massive MU-MIMO Systems
On-Line Construction of Irregular Repeat Accumulate Codes for Packet Erasure Channels
Propagation measurements for fixed wireless loops (FWL) in a suburban region with foliage and terrain blockages
ISAC Meets SWIPT: Multi-Functional Wireless Systems Integrating Sensing, Communication, and Powering
Underlay Spectrum Sharing Techniques With In-Band Full-Duplex Systems Using Improper Gaussian Signaling
Sublinear Latency for Simplified Successive Cancellation Decoding of Polar Codes
Reduced Complexity Subcarrier Allocation Schemes for DFT-Precoded OFDMA Uplink Systems
Learning to Design Transceiver for Integrated Sensing and Communications: A Satellite Communications Perspective
Performance Analysis of Rateless Codes in an ALOHA Wireless Ad Hoc Network
Variational Quantum Algorithm for User Scheduling in Broadband MU-MIMO Systems
Effects of Time-Variations in Wireless Channels on the Two Different Fade-Resistant CDMA Systems
Changeable Rate and Novel Quantization for CSI Feedback Based on Deep Learning
A cooperative diversity based handoff management scheme
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Multihop MIMO Relay Networks in Short-Packet Communications
Joint Active and Passive Beamforming Design for IRS-Aided MIMO ISAC Based on Sensing Mutual Information
Performance Analysis of Device-to-Device Communications with Dynamic Interference Using Stochastic Petri Nets
Incentive Mechanisms and Impacts of Negotiation Power and Information Availability in Multi-Relay Cooperative Wireless Networks
Energy Efficiency of Cooperative Relaying over a Wireless Link
Joint Power Allocation and Trajectory Design for UAV-Enabled Covert Communication
The Intensity Matching Approach: A Tractable Stochastic Geometry Approximation to System-Level Analysis of Cellular Networks
Delay Performance Analysis for Supporting Real-Time Traffic in a Cognitive Radio Sensor Network
Beamforming Design and Satellite Selection for Realizing the Integrated Communication and Navigation in LEO Satellite Networks
End-to-End Average BER in Multihop Wireless Networks over Fading Channels
CoMP ISAC Design Adopting Distinct Symbol Durations and Waveforms
Reward Rate Maximization and Optimal Transmission Policy of EH Device With Temporal Death in EH-WSNs
Structured and Sparse Limited Feedback Codebooks for Multiuser MIMO
Distortion-Power Tradeoffs in Quasi-Stationary Source Transmission Over Delay and Buffer Limited Block Fading Channels
Joint Mode Selection and Spectrum Partitioning for Device-to-Device Communication: A Dynamic Stackelberg Game
Adaptive Neural Signal Detection for Massive MIMO
Efficient Sum-Rate Maximization for Medium-Scale MIMO AF-Relay Networks
Transmission Control for Compressive Sensing Video over Wireless Channel
Proactive Eavesdropping Over Multiple Suspicious Communication Links With Heterogeneous Services
Joint Optimization of Transmit Power-Time and Bit Energy Efficiency in CDMA Wireless Sensor Networks
Error Probability Analysis and Power Allocation for Interference Exploitation Over Rayleigh Fading Channels
Transfer Learning for CSI-Based Positioning With Multi-Environment Meta-Learning
Channel Orthogonalization With Reconfigurable Surfaces: General Models, Theoretical Limits, and Effective Configuration
Dynamically Tuning Aggression Levels for Capacity-Region-Aware Medium Access Control in Wireless Networks
A Learning Approach for Low-Complexity Optimization of Energy Efficiency in Multicarrier Wireless Networks
Frequency-domain equalization for space-time block-coded systems
On myopic sensing for multi-channel opportunistic access: structure, optimality, and performance
A distributed multihop time synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks using Pairwise Broadcast Synchronization
Uplink Rate-Splitting for Cell-Free Massive MIMO
Outage Performance of Uplink Rate Splitting Multiple Access With Randomly Deployed Users
Rectangular Differential Spatial Modulation for Open-Loop Noncoherent Massive-MIMO Downlink
Short-Packet Interleaver Against Impulse Interference in Practical Industrial Environments
Two-Phase Unsourced Random Access in Massive MIMO: Performance Analysis and Approximate Message Passing Decoder
Channel Estimation for BIOS-Assisted Multi-User MIMO Systems: A Heterogeneous Two-Timescale Strategy
Community Detection and Attention-Weighted Federated Learning Based Proactive Edge Caching for D2D-Assisted Wireless Networks
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in OFDMA Systems with Large Numbers of Base Station Antennas
MIMO-FDA Communications With Frequency Offsets Index Modulation
RIS-Based Self-Interference Cancellation for Full-Duplex Broadband Transmission
Secure Body-Centric Internet of Things Networks: Physical Layer Security versus Covert Communication
Maximizing the Geometric Mean of User-Rates to Improve Rate-Fairness: Proper vs. Improper Gaussian Signaling
Data Partition and Rate Control for Learning and Energy Efficient Edge Intelligence
Movable Intelligent Surface (MIS) for Wireless Communications: Architecture, Modeling, Algorithm, and Prototyping
Structural Results for Combined Continuous User Authentication and Intrusion Detection in High Security Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
On Transmission of Multiresolution Gaussian Sources over Noisy Relay Networks
Uplink Performance of Time-Reversal MRC in Massive MIMO Systems Subject to Phase Noise
Wirelessly Powered Two-Way Communication With Nonlinear Energy Harvesting Model: Rate Regions Under Fixed and Mobile Relay
Performance of symbol-sampled receivers over unknown continuous-time Rayleigh channels
Keyholes, correlations, and capacities of multielement transmit and receive antennas
A dynamic location management scheme for next-generation multitier PCS systems
Beamforming With Hybrid Reconfigurable Parasitic Antenna Arrays
Platform Profit Maximization in D2D Collaboration Based Multi-Access Edge Computing
Service Satisfaction-Oriented Task Offloading and UAV Scheduling in UAV-Enabled MEC Networks
Securing UAV Communications via Joint Trajectory and Power Control
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Enabled Interference Nulling and Signal Power Maximization in mmWave Bands
Millimeter-Wave Channel Estimation Based on 2-D Beamspace MUSIC Method
Coverage Analysis of Cloud Radio Networks With Finite Clustering
Using Loaded N-Port Structures to Achieve the Continuous-Space Electromagnetic Channel Capacity Bound
Information Coverage in Randomly Deployed Wireless Sensor Networks
Energy Management and Trajectory Optimization for UAV-Enabled Legitimate Monitoring Systems
Spatial correlation and capacity measurements for wideband MIMO channels in indoor office environment
Upper Bound on the Ergodic Rate Density of ALOHA Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Multihop Networks Over Stochastic Channels With Time-Varying Statistics
AoI-Aware Scheduling for Air-Ground Collaborative Mobile Edge Computing
Wireless Information and Power Transfer: Energy Efficiency Optimization in OFDMA Systems
The Sum-Capacity of the Ergodic Fading Gaussian Cognitive Interference Channel
Receiver Designs for Low-Latency HF Communications
Joint Scheduling of Proactive Pushing and On-Demand Transmission Over Shared Spectrum for Profit Maximization
Performance Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO-URLLC Systems Over Correlated Rician Fading Channels With Phase Shifts
Comparison study of UWB indoor channel models
Sensing Time Optimization and Power Control for Energy Efficient Cognitive Small Cell With Imperfect Hybrid Spectrum Sensing
2D Off-Grid Decomposition and SBL Combination for OTFS Channel Estimation
Cognitive Hierarchy Theory for Distributed Resource Allocation in the Internet of Things
Throughput of Underwater Wireless Ad Hoc Networks With Random Access: A Physical Layer Perspective
Orthogonal or Superimposed Pilots? A Rate-Efficient Channel Estimation Strategy for Stationary MIMO Fading Channels
Joint Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Hierarchical Federated Edge Learning
OFDM and externally modulated multi-mode fibers in radio over fiber sy
Wideband MIMO Channel Sounder for Radio Measurements in the 60 GHz Band
Segment Training Based Individual Channel Estimation in One-Way Relay Network with Power Allocation
Distributed Multiuser Scheduling for Improving Throughput of Wireless LAN
Bipartite Matching Based User Grouping for Grouped OFDM-IDMA
Signal Scrambling Based Joint Blind Channel Estimation, Activity Detection, and Decoding for Massive Random Access
Optimal Energy and Data Routing in Networks With Energy Cooperation
Distributed Learning Over a Wireless Network With Non-Coherent Majority Vote Computation
Analysis and Algorithm for Robust Adaptive Cooperative Spectrum-Sensing
Massive MIMO Configurations for Multi-Cell Multi-User Relay Networks
Information-Guided Transmission in Decode-and-Forward Relaying Systems: Spatial Exploitation and Throughput Enhancement
A Unified Exact BER Performance Analysis of Asynchronous DS-CDMA Systems Using BPSK Modulation over Fading Channels
Clustering-Based Downlink Scheduling of IRS-Assisted Communications With Reconfiguration Constraints
Joint Pilot and Data Transmission Design for Grant-Free Random Access in Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Ricean Fading
Joint Data Compression and Computation Offloading in Hierarchical Fog-Cloud Systems
Probabilistic Caching and Dynamic Delivery Policies for Categorized Contents and Consecutive User Demands
An Accurate Field Model Requiring Minimal Map Data for Guiding and Diffusion in Streets and Buildings
Blind SNR Estimation of Gaussian-Distributed Signals in Nakagami Fading Channels
Analytical Framework of Hybrid Beamforming in Multi-Cell Millimeter-Wave Systems
Semi-Blind Multi-Tag Ambient Backscatter Communications Using Radar Signals
Low-Complexity Precoding by Exploiting Spatial Sparsity in Massive MIMO Systems
Energy Minimization for Wireless Communication With Rotary-Wing UAV
Mobile-Traffic-Aware Offloading for Energy- and Spectral-Efficient Large-Scale D2D-Enabled Cellular Networks
Matching Theory for Over-the-Top Service Provision in 5G Networks
Optimal Cellular Offloading via Device-to-Device Communication Networks With Fairness Constraints
Training Beam Design for Channel Estimation in Hybrid mmWave MIMO Systems
The Impact of Coherence Diversity on MIMO Relays
Delay Analysis of Unsaturated Heterogeneous Omnidirectional-Directional Small Cell Wireless Networks: The Case of RF-VLC Coexistence
Optimal Utilization and Effects of Inaccurate Estimation in Mobile Database Failure Restoration
Resource Allocation for Wireless Cooperative IoT Network With Energy Harvesting
Ergodic Achievable Rate Maximization of RIS-Assisted Millimeter-Wave MIMO-OFDM Communication Systems
Toward real-time adaptive low-rank LMMSE channel estimation of MIMO-OFDM systems
Convex Optimization-Based Signal Detection for Massive Overloaded MIMO Systems
Incentivizing Selected Devices to Perform Cooperative Content Delivery: A Carrier Aggregation-Based Approach
Generalized UAV Deployment for UAV-Assisted Cellular Networks
Buffer-Aided Adaptive Wireless Powered Communication Network With Finite Energy Storage and Data Buffer
Task-Aware Distributed Inter-Layer Topology Optimization Method in Resource-Limited LEO-LEO Satellite Networks
Modeling channel assignment of small-scale cellular networks
Noncoherent Symbol Detection of Short CPM Bursts in Frequency-Selective Fading Channels
On the Achievable Error Rate Performance of Pilot-Aided Simultaneous Communication and Localization With a Ground-to-Air Model
Decentralized Dynamic Hop Selection and Power Control in Cognitive Multi-Hop Relay Systems
Machine Learning-Based Channel Prediction in Massive MIMO With Channel Aging
Channel Estimation for Dynamic Metasurface Antennas
On the Capacity of the Intensity-Modulation Direct-Detection Optical Broadcast Channel
Recovering Multiplexing Loss through Successive Relaying Using Repetition Coding
Uplink capacity improvement through orthogonal code hopping in uplink-synchronized CDMA systems
Applications of Multi-Objective Optimization Techniques in Radio Resource Scheduling of Cellular Communication Systems
IRS-Assisted MISO System With Phase Noise: Channel Estimation and Power Scaling Laws
Iterative Receiver Design for FTN Signaling Aided Sparse Code Multiple Access
Network Densification and Path-Loss Models Versus UDN Performance - A Unified Approach
In-Band Emission Interference in D2D-Enabled Cellular Networks: Modeling, Analysis, and Mitigation
Decoding Strategies at the Relay with Physical-Layer Network Coding
Capacity Bounds and High-SNR Capacity of MIMO Intensity-Modulation Optical Channels
Packet-Level Index Modulation Based on Channel Activity Detection
Beamformed Self-Interference Measurements at 28 GHz: Spatial Insights and Angular Spread
Over-the-Air Computation Empowered Vertically Split Inference
FedFog: Network-Aware Optimization of Federated Learning Over Wireless Fog-Cloud Systems