yusuke1997/dblp-id-title huggingface dataset:
Effects of Diffusion Coefficients and Permanent Charge on Reversal Potentials in Ionic Channels
Derangetropy in Probability Distributions and Information Dynamics
Intermittency and Critical Scaling in Annular Couette Flow
How Well Can We Infer Selection Benefits and Mutation Rates from Allele Frequencies?
Online Gradient Descent for Kernel-Based Maximum Correntropy Criterion
Linear Bayesian Estimation of Misrecorded Poisson Distribution
Cross-Entropy as a Metric for the Robustness of Drone Swarms
Application of Multiscale Entropy in Assessing Plantar Skin Blood Flow Dynamics in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy
Periodic Cosmological Evolutions of Equation of State for Dark Energy
Asymptotics of Subsampling for Generalized Linear Regression Models under Unbounded Design
A Vibration Analysis Based on Wavelet Entropy Method of a Scroll Compressor
Effect of Machine Entropy Production on the Optimal Performance of a Refrigerator
Learning Two-View Correspondences and Geometry via Local Neighborhood Correlation
Application of Biological Domain Knowledge Based Feature Selection on Gene Expression Data
From Rényi Entropy Power to Information Scan of Quantum States
A New Correlation Measure for Belief Functions and Their Application in Data Fusion
Quantifying Configuration-Sampling Error in Langevin Simulations of Complex Molecular Systems
On Constructing Informationally Complete Covariant Positive Operator-Valued Measures
Quantum Collision Models: A Beginner Guide
The Complex Adaptive Delta-Modulator in Sliding Mode Theory
Entropy Signature for Crack Networks in Old Paintings: Saturation Prospectus
Generalized Multiscale Entropy Analysis: Application to Quantifying the Complex Volatility of Human Heartbeat Time Series
Inter- and Intra-Modal Contrastive Hybrid Learning Framework for Multimodal Abstractive Summarization
Comparing Relational and Ontological Triple Stores in Healthcare Domain
ML-Based Analysis of Particle Distributions in High-Intensity Laser Experiments: Role of Binning Strategy
Entropy 2008, 10 , 240-247: Ferri et al. Deformed Generalization of the Semiclassical Entropy
A Distribution Family Bridging the Gaussian and the Laplace Laws, Gram-Charlier Expansions, Kurtosis Behaviour, and Entropy Features
Residual Entropy and Critical Behavior of Two Interacting Boson Species in a Double Well
Exploring Spatial Patterns of Interurban Passenger Flows Using Dual Gravity Models
On the Impossibility of First-Order Phase Transitions in Systems Modeled by the Full Euler Equations
Matrix Algebraic Properties of the Fisher Information Matrix of Stationary Processes
Bounded Confidence and Cohesion-Moderated Pressure: A General Model for the Large-Scale Dynamics of Ordered Opinion
A Pattern Dictionary Method for Anomaly Detection
Optimal Control of Background-Based Uncertain Systems with Applications in DC Pension Plan
Optimal Performance and Application for Seagull Optimization Algorithm Using a Hybrid Strategy
Finite-Length Analysis for Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes Based on Base Matrix
Software Requirements Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Preference Inconsistence-Based Entropy
Comparing Several Gamma Means: An Improved Log-Likelihood Ratio Test
Information-Theoretic Modeling of Categorical Spatiotemporal GIS Data
Quantum Entropies and Decoherence for the Multiparticle Quantum Arnol'd Cat
Effects of Inducing Gamma Oscillations in Hippocampal Subregions DG, CA3, and CA1 on the Potential Alleviation of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology: Computer Modeling and Simulations
Unlocking Carbon Emissions and Total Factor Productivity Nexus: Causal Moderation of Ownership Structures via Entropy Methods in Chinese Enterprises
Investigation of the JPA-Bandwidth Improvement in the Performance of the QTMS Radar
Robust Image Encryption with 2D Hyperchaotic Map and Dynamic DNA-Zigzag Encoding
Continuous Variables Graph States Shaped as Complex Networks: Optimization and Manipulation
Software Defined Networks in Wireless Sensor Architectures
Non-Gaussian Closed Form Solutions for Geometric Average Asian Options in the Framework of Non-Extensive Statistical Mechanics
The Refined Composite Downsampling Permutation Entropy Is a Relevant Tool in the Muscle Fatigue Study Using sEMG Signals
A Parsimonious Granger Causality Formulation for Capturing Arbitrarily Long Multivariate Associations
Performance Improvement of Plug-and-Play Dual-Phase-Modulated Quantum Key Distribution by Using a Noiseless Amplifier
Simple Harmonic Oscillator Canonical Ensemble Model for Tunneling Radiation of Black Hole
Higher Algebraic K-Theory of Causality
Entropy Stable DGSEM Schemes of Gauss Points Based on Subcell Limiting
Effects of Fatty Infiltration of the Liver on the Shannon Entropy of Ultrasound Backscattered Signals
Granger Causality among Graphs and Application to Functional Brain Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Entropy of Closure Operators and Network Coding Solvability
Design Particularities of Quadrature Chaos Shift Keying Communication System with Enhanced Noise Immunity for IoT Applications
Some Iterative Properties of ( F 1 , F 2 ) -Chaos in Non-Autonomous Discrete Systems
Taxes, Inequality, and Equal Opportunities
Effect of Annealing on Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of CoCrNi Medium Entropy Alloy Processed by High-Pressure Torsion
Revisiting Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Using the Majorization-Minimization Method
3D Underwater Uncooperative Target Tracking for a Time-Varying Non-Gaussian Environment by Distributed Passive Underwater Buoys
A Unified Approach to Local Quantum Uncertainty and Interferometric Power by Metric Adjusted Skew Information
On the Consensus Performance of Multi-Layered MASs with Various Graph Parameters - From the Perspective of Cardinalities of Vertex Sets
Uncovering Discrete Non-Linear Dependence with Information Theory
Generalised Entropy of Curves for the Analysis and Classification of Dynamical Systems
Does Quantum Mechanics Require "Conspiracy"?
Configurational Information as Potentially Negative Entropy: The Triple Helix Model
A Simple Thermodynamic Analysis of Photosynthesis
Quantum Chaos in the Dynamics of Molecules
Probabilistic Predictions with Federated Learning
Particle Swarm Optimisation: A Historical Review Up to the Current Developments
Sequential Change-Point Detection via Online Convex Optimization
Optimum Achievable Rates in Two Random Number Generation Problems with f-Divergences Using Smooth Rényi Entropy
The Odyssey of Entropy: Cryptography
Coincidences and Estimation of Entropies of Random Variables with Large Cardinalities
Information Thermodynamics Derives the Entropy Current of Cell Signal Transduction as a Model of a Binary Coding System
Comparative Statistical Mechanics of Muscle and Non-Muscle Contractile Systems: Stationary States of Near-Equilibrium Systems in A Linear Regime
Assessment and Prediction of Water Resources Vulnerability Based on a NRS-RF Model: A Case Study of the Song-Liao River Basin, China
Hybrid Granularities Transformer for Fine-Grained Image Recognition
Formation with Non-Collision Control Strategies for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems
On the Depth of Decision Trees with Hypotheses
Multi-Person Tracking and Crowd Behavior Detection via Particles Gradient Motion Descriptor and Improved Entropy Classifier
An Introduction to Complex Networks in Climate Finance
How to Construct Polar Codes for Ring-LWE-Based Public Key Encryption
Short-Term Prediction of Multi-Energy Loads Based on Copula Correlation Analysis and Model Fusions
Detection of Pilot's Mental Workload Using a Wireless EEG Headset in Airfield Traffic Pattern Tasks
Aftershocks and Fluctuating Diffusivity
Extreme Value Theory for Hurwitz Complex Continued Fractions
A Generalized Measure of Cumulative Residual Entropy
Newtonian-Type Adaptive Filtering Based on the Maximum Correntropy Criterion
Negentropy Spectrum Decomposition and Its Application in Compound Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing
Visual Secure Image Encryption Scheme Based on Compressed Sensing and Regional Energy
Dynamic Phase Transition in 2D Ising Systems: Effect of Anisotropy and Defects
Robust-BD Estimation and Inference for General Partially Linear Models
Hall Effect on Radiative Casson Fluid Flow with Chemical Reaction on a Rotating Cone through Entropy Optimization
Fast, Asymptotically Efficient, Recursive Estimation in a Riemannian Manifold
Effective Excess Noise Suppression in Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution through Carrier Frequency Switching
The Two-Time Interpretation and Macroscopic Time-Reversibility
The Spatial Heterogeneity Effect of Green Finance Development on Carbon Emissions
Combined Stochastic Process and Value at Risk: A Real-World Information System Decision Case
Transfer Learning for SSVEP Electroencephalography Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Learn++.NSE and Mutual Information
A Quantitative Analysis of an EEG Epileptic Record Based on MultiresolutionWavelet Coefficients
Information Hiding Method Using Best DCT and Wavelet Coefficients and ItsWatermark Competition
Entropy and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics
Entropy, Fluctuations, and Disordered Proteins
Quantum Work Statistics with Initial Coherence
The Retentivity of Four Kinds of Shadowing Properties in Non-Autonomous Discrete Dynamical Systems
Common Probability Patterns Arise from Simple Invariances
Understanding the Variability in Graph Data Sets through Statistical Modeling on the Stiefel Manifold
Three Methods for Estimating the Entropy Parameter M Based on a Decreasing Number of Velocity Measurements in a River Cross-Section
A Novel Codeword Selection Scheme for MIMO-MAC Lower-Bound Maximization
Contextuality and Informational Redundancy
Seeded Ising Model and Distributed Biometric Template Storage and Matching
Sparse Estimation Based on a New Random Regularized Matching Pursuit Generalized Approximate Message Passing Algorithm
Energy and Magnetic Moment of a Quantum Charged Particle in Time-Dependent Magnetic and Electric Fields of Circular and Plane Solenoids
Maximizing Local Rewards on Multi-Agent Quantum Games through Gradient-Based Learning Strategies
Deep Multilabel Multilingual Document Learning for Cross-Lingual Document Retrieval
A Colour Image Encryption Scheme Using Permutation-Substitution Based on Chaos
Monte Carlo Tree Search-Based Recursive Algorithm for Feature Selection in High-Dimensional Datasets
A Brief History of Long Memory: Hurst, Mandelbrot and the Road to ARFIMA, 1951-1980
Low Complexity List Decoding for Polar Codes with Multiple CRC Codes
Statistical Inference for Ergodic Algorithmic Model (EAM), Applied to Hydrophobic Hydration Processes
Identity-Based Provable Data Possession with Designated Verifier from Lattices for Cloud Computing
Entropy Ensemble Filter: A Modified Bootstrap Aggregating (Bagging) Procedure to Improve Efficiency in Ensemble Model Simulation
Characterizing Complex Spatiotemporal Patterns from Entropy Measures
Image Representation Method Based on Relative Layer Entropy for Insulator Recognition
Generalized Gibbs Phase Rule and Multicriticality Applied to Magnetic Systems
Analogue Realization of Fractional-Order Dynamical Systems
Complex Networks and Interacting Particle Systems
On the Exact Solution of Wave Equations on Cantor Sets
How Complexity and Uncertainty Grew with Algorithmic Trading
Effect of Ti/Ni Coating of Diamond Particles on Microstructure and Properties of High-Entropy Alloy/Diamond Composites
Relationship between Information Scrambling and Quantum Darwinism
Application of Entropy Ensemble Filter in Neural Network Forecasts of Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures
Quantum Bohmian-Inspired Potential to Model Non-Gaussian Time Series and Its Application in Financial Markets
Thermodynamic Theory of Biological Evolution and Aging. Experimental Confirmation of Theory
Enhanced Electron Scattering upon Ion Relocation in BaVS 3 at 69 K
Risk Management in E-Commerce - A Fraud Study Case Using Acoustic Analysis through Its Complexity
Hiding Information in Digital Images Using Ant Algorithms
Exact Learning Augmented Naive Bayes Classifier
The Compression Optimality of Asymmetric Numeral Systems
Application of C-InGAN Model in Interpretable Feature of Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Statistical Surveillance of Structural Breaks in Credit Rating Dynamics
Multidimensional Scaling Visualization Using Parametric Similarity Indices
Spatial Variation of b-Values and Their Relationship with the Fault Blocks in the Western Part of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surrounding Areas
Benchmarking Transfer Entropy Methods for the Study of Linear and Nonlinear Cardio-Respiratory Interactions
Research on Quantum-Attack-Resistant Strong Forward-Secure Signature Schemes
First Principles Methods: A Perspective from Quantum Monte Carlo
On the Asymptotic Capacity of Information-Theoretic Privacy-Preserving Epidemiological Data Collection
Fast EEMD Based AM-Correntropy Matrix and Its Application on Roller Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Optimization of the Double-Expansion Film-Cooling Hole Using CFD
Non-Equilibrium Liouville and Wigner Equations: Moment Methods and Long-Time Approximations
Parallel Lives: A Local-Realistic Interpretation of "Nonlocal" Boxes
Information and Knowledge Diffusion Dynamics in Complex Networks with Independent Spreaders
Beyond Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon in Physics and Elsewhere
Efficacy of Quantitative Muscle Ultrasound Using Texture-Feature Parametric Imaging in Detecting Pompe Disease in Children
A New Dictionary Construction Based Multimodal Medical Image Fusion Framework
Is Independence Necessary for a Discontinuous Phase Transition within the q -Voter Model?
Information Content Based Optimal Radar Waveform Design: LPI's Purpose
An Efficient Two-Stage Decoding Scheme for LDPC-CRC Concatenated Codes
Exergy Analysis Using a Theoretical Formulation of a Geothermal Power Plant in Cerro Prieto, México
Echo State Condition at the Critical Point
Dissipation Alters Modes of Information Encoding in Small Quantum Reservoirs near Criticality
On the Binary Input Gaussian Wiretap Channel with/without Output Quantization
Strange Attractors Generated by Multiple-Valued Static Memory Cell with Polynomial Approximation of Resonant Tunneling Diodes
Robust Diabatic Grover Search by Landau-Zener-Stückelberg Oscillations
Editorial: Entropy in Landscape Ecology
Improving Neural Machine Translation by Filtering Synthetic Parallel Data
Stability Analysis of a Delayed Rumor Propagation Model with Nonlinear Incidence Incorporating Impulsive Vaccination
Monitoring the Zero-Inflated Time Series Model of Counts with Random Coefficient
Quantum-Solving Algorithm for d'Alembert Solutions of the Wave Equation
Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection System in Computed Tomography Images: A Hierarchical Block Classification Approach
A Constrained Talagrand Transportation Inequality with Applications to Rate-Distortion-Perception Theory
Not All Structure and Dynamics Are Equal
Advanced Architecture of On-Board Multiplex Information Exchange System to Increase Flight Safety
Combined Gaussian Mixture Model and Pathfinder Algorithm for Data Clustering
Image Encryption Scheme Based on Multiscale Block Compressed Sensing and Markov Model
Distributed Attack Modeling Approach Based on Process Mining and Graph Segmentation
Modelling of Behavior for Inhibition Corrosion of Bronze Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Ab intio Investigation of the Thermochemistry and Kinetics of the SO 2 + O 3 - → SO 3 - + O 2 Reaction in Aircraft Engines and the Environment
Sublimation Study of Six 5-Substituted-1, 10-Phenanthrolines by Knudsen Effusion Mass Loss and Solution Calorimetry
Multi-Granulation Entropy and Its Applications
Automatic P-Phase-Onset-Time-Picking Method of Microseismic Monitoring Signal of Underground Mine Based on Noise Reduction and Multiple Detection Indexes
Thermodynamics in Ecology - An Introductory Review
On the Accurate Estimation of Information-Theoretic Quantities from Multi-Dimensional Sample Data
Bayesian Reliability Estimation for Deteriorating Systems with Limited Samples Using the Maximum Entropy Approach
Statistics of Binary Exchange of Energy or Money
Thompson Sampling for Stochastic Bandits with Noisy Contexts: An Information-Theoretic Regret Analysis
Measuring the Uncertainty in the Original and Negation of Evidence Using Belief Entropy for Conflict Data Fusion
A Generic Model for Quantum Measurements
Invariant Quantum States of Quadratic Hamiltonians
Projective Synchronization for a Class of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems with Fractional-Order in the (1, 2) Interval
Explicit Expressions for Most Common Entropies
Photons Probe Entropic Potential Variation during Molecular Confinement in Nanocavities
Discrete-Valued Time Series
Kullback-Leibler Divergence of an Open-Queuing Network of a Cell-Signal-Transduction Cascade
A Novel Approach to Parameter Determination of the Continuous Spontaneous Localization Collapse Model
Bateman-Feshbach Tikochinsky and Caldirola-Kanai Oscillators with New Fractional Differentiation
Regression of Concurrence via Local Unitary Invariants
Belief Entropy Tree and Random Forest: Learning from Data with Continuous Attributes and Evidential Labels
The Meta-Dynamic Nature of Consciousness
Hyperparameter Optimization EM Algorithm via Bayesian Optimization and Relative Entropy
Characterization of Rare Events in Molecular Dynamics
Large Deviations Properties of Maximum Entropy Markov Chains from Spike Trains
Quantum and Topological Dynamics of GKSL Equation in Camel-like Framework
Shortcut-to-Adiabaticity-Like Techniques for Parameter Estimation in Quantum Metrology
Statistical Convergent Topological Sequence Entropy Maps of the Circle
The KCOD Model on (3, 4, 6, 4) and (3 4 , 6) Archimedean Lattices
Information-Corrected Estimation: A Generalization Error Reducing Parameter Estimation Method
The Fractional View of Complexity
Fractal Plasmons on Cantor Set Thin Film
Characterization of the Performance of an XXZ Three-Spin Quantum Battery
Sustainability of a Three-Species Predator-Prey Model in Tumor-Immune Dynamics with Periodic Treatment
An Adaption of the Jaynes Decision Algorithm
Nonlinear Stochastic Equation within an Itô Prescription for Modelling of Financial Market
Measuring Interactions in Categorical Datasets Using Multivariate Symmetrical Uncertainty
Entropy as a Topological Operad Derivation
Suppressing Polarization Mode Dispersion with the Quantum Zeno Effect
Diffusion and Kinetic Theory on Very Long Time and Large Space Scales
Complexity of Fracturing in Terms of Non-Extensive Statistical Physics: From Earthquake Faults to Arctic Sea Ice Fracturing
Information Entropy Production of Maximum Entropy Markov Chains from Spike Trains
Quantum Identity Authentication in the Counterfactual Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
Is Natural Language a Perigraphic Process? The Theorem about Facts and Words Revisited
Optimal Placement of Pressure Gauges for Water Distribution Networks Using Entropy Theory Based on Pressure Dependent Hydraulic Simulation
An Enhanced Differential Evolution Algorithm with Bernstein Operator and Refracted Oppositional-Mutual Learning Strategy
Leggett-Garg Inequalities for Quantum Fluctuating Work
Transient Thermal Energy Harvesting at a Single Temperature Using Nonlinearity
Knowledge-Enhanced Compressed Measurements for Detection of Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum Signals Based on Task-Specific Information and Deep Neural Networks
Correction: Christov, I.P. Effects of Spatial Nonlocality versus Nonlocal Causality for Bound Electrons in External Fields. Entropy 2022, 24, 840
Negentropy in Many-Body Quantum Systems
Target Recognition for Ultra-Wideband Radio Fuzes Using 1D-CGAN-Augmented 1D-CNN
Microscopic Theory of Energy Dissipation and Decoherence in Solid-State Quantum Devices: Need for Nonlocal Scattering Models
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Based on 1D-CNN Model
Linear Codes from Two Weakly Regular Plateaued Balanced Functions
MCMCINLA Estimation of Missing Data and Its Application to Public Health Development in China in the Post-Epidemic Era
Subspace Learning for Dual High-Order Graph Learning Based on Boolean Weight
Optimization of Selective Assembly for Shafts and Holes Based on Relative Entropy and Dynamic Programming
Limitations to Estimating Mutual Information in Large Neural Populations
MRNG: Accessing Cosmic Radiation as an Entropy Source for a Non-Deterministic Random Number Generator
Quantum Games with Unawareness
Creation of Numerical Constants in Robust Gene Expression Programming
Set-Wise Differential Interaction between Copy Number Alterations and Gene Expressions of Lower-Grade Glioma Reveals Prognosis-Associated Pathways
Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors
Predicting the Critical Number of Layers for Hierarchical Support Vector Regression
Entropy Production and Equilibrium Conditions of General-Covariant Spin Systems
Sound Symbolism in Basic Vocabulary
Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of FeCoNi(CuAl) 0.8 Sn x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) High-Entropy Alloys
Diagnosis of Combined Cycle Power Plant Based on Thermoeconomic Analysis: A Computer Simulation Study
Particle Indistinguishability Symmetry within a Field Theory. Entropic Effects
Impact of Normalization on Entropy-Based Weights in Hellwig's Method: A Case Study on Evaluating Sustainable Development in the Education Area
Effect of Incidence Angle on Entropy Generation in the Boundary Layers on the Blade Suction Surface in a Compressor Cascade
Earth's Complexity Is Non-Computable: The Limits of Scaling Laws, Nonlinearity and Chaos
Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Al 0.5 CoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coating Deposited on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy by Laser Cladding
Fisher and Shannon Functionals for Hyperbolic Diffusion
Empirical Evidence for a Law of Information Growth
Improved Variational Bayes for Space-Time Adaptive Processing
Turn-Taking Mechanisms in Imitative Interaction: Robotic Social Interaction Based on the Free Energy Principle
Quantifying Redundant Information in Predicting a Target Random Variable
Approximating Information Measures for Fields
Rényi and Tsallis Entropies of the Aharonov-Bohm Ring in Uniform Magnetic Fields
A Micro-Scale Investigation on the Behaviors of Asphalt Mixtures under Freeze-Thaw Cycles Using Entropy Theory and a Computerized Tomography Scanning Technique
A TCN-Linear Hybrid Model for Chaotic Time Series Forecasting
Theory of Response to Perturbations in Non-Hermitian Systems Using Five-Hilbert-Space Reformulation of Unitary Quantum Mechanics
Computing Accurate Probabilistic Estimates of One-D Entropy from Equiprobable Random Samples
Optomechanics-Based Quantum Estimation Theory for Collapse Models
An Empirical Mode Decomposition Fuzzy Forecast Model for Air Quality
A Note on the Connection between Non-Additive Entropy and h-Derivative
Advances of Quantum Key Distribution and Network Nonlocality
Chaos in Optomechanical Systems Coupled to a Non-Markovian Environment
Differential Expression Analysis of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data: Current Statistical Approaches and Outstanding Challenges
The Use of Denoising and Analysis of the Acoustic Signal Entropy in Diagnosing Engine Valve Clearance
Target Acquisition for Collimation System of Wireless Quantum Communication Networks in Low Visibility
Iterative Forecasting of Financial Time Series: The Greek Stock Market from 2019 to 2024
Asymptotic Normality for Plug-In Estimators of Generalized Shannon's Entropy
On the Quantumness of Multiparameter Estimation Problems for Qubit Systems
Measurement Invariance, Entropy, and Probability
Quantum Switchboard with Coupled-Cavity Array
Conceiving Particles as Undulating Granular Systems Allows Fundamentally Realist Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Laboratory Observations of Linkage of Preslip Zones Prior to Stick-Slip Instability
Monitoring Volatility Change for Time Series Based on Support Vector Regression
The Flow of Information in Trading: An Entropy Approach to Market Regimes
Subjective Trusts for the Control of Mobile Robots under Uncertainty
What Exactly is the Nusselt Number in Convective Heat Transfer Problems and are There Alternatives?
Logical Entropy of Fuzzy Dynamical Systems
A Note on the Entropy Force in Kinetic Theory and Black Holes