yusuke1997/dblp-id-title huggingface dataset:
Research on Gender Tendency of Foreign Student's Basic Chinese Vocabulary
Lexical Semantic Constraints on the Syntactic Realization of Semantic Role Theme
An Approach to Recognize Temporal Relations Between Chinese Events
Syntactic Behaviors Driven by Lexical Semantics - A Study on geng (更) and hai (還) in Chinese Comparatives
The Study of Causal Nouns in Mandarin Chinese: From the Perspective of Syntactic Realization and Pragmatic Function
A Research on the Evolution of Chinese Semantics Based on Distributed Representation
Variations in Alternative Pattern of Light Verb Construction Between Taiwan and Mainland Mandarin
Seven Semantic Classes of Non-prototypical Chinese Coordinators: A Functional-Typological Perspective
Mandarin Children's Acquisition of Numeral Container Classifier Phrases
Irony Recognition in Chinese Text Based on Linguistic Features and Attention Mechanism
Nominal Marker "de" in Modern Chinese and Its Role of Marking Presupposition
The Development Trend and Form-Meaning Features of Contemporary Chinese Lexical Patterns
Right Dislocation in Cantonese: An Emotion-Intensifying Device
Research on Micro-blog Sentiment Analysis
Profiling the Mandarin Physical Contact Verbs with ná, wò, chí and zhuā Using Collocational, Syntactic and Discourse Features
A Chinese Event Argument Inference Approach Based on Entity Semantics and Event Relevance
A Comparative Analysis of Level 1 of the ICCLE and Learners' Basic Mental Lexicon
Optimizing Relation Extraction Based on the Type Tag of Named Entity
Verb Raising and the Construction Mechanism of Synthetic Compounds
A Constructional Approach to a Personal Pronoun Marked Construction in Mandarin Chinese
A Textual Entailment Recognition Method Fused with Language Knowledge
Suffix ʔɐ51 in Zhangzhou: An Interdisciplinary Explorations
Formalized Chinese Sentence Pattern Structure and Its Hierarchical Analysis
On the semantic functions and denotations of jīngcháng ( ) and chángcháng ( )
The Collocations of Chinese Tactile Adjectives
Chinese Text Feature Dimension Reduction Based on Semantics
Counter-Expectation Information Structure in Mandarin Chinese and its Cognitive-Pragmatic Mechanisms
From 'It's Your Funeral' to 'Mouse Tail Juice': A Quantitative Study of the Mishearings in Danmu Videos
The Mapping Directionality of Mandarin Synaesthesia: A Study Based on the Self-paced Reading Task
Similarities and Differences Between Chinese and English in Sluicing and Their Theoretical Explanation
Angry Thunder and Vicious Frost: Remarks on the Unaccusativity of Chinese Weather Verbs
The Schematic Transformation Mechanism of the Spatial Adverb Lǐ
Research on Korean "Long-Before-Short" Preference from the Perspective of Dependency Distance
Study on "shi" as a Demonstrative Pronoun in Modern Chinese
A Corpus-Based Lexical Semantic Study of Mandarin Verbs: Guān and Bì
Clustering of News Topics Integrating the Relationship among News Elements
Chinese Lexical Semantics - 20th Workshop, CLSW 2019, Beijing, China, June 28-30, 2019, Revised Selected Papers
The Study of the Structure "Verb+Numeral+Measure(le)" from the Perspective of Information Conveying Grammar
Chinese Lexical Semantics - 15th Workshop, CLSW 2014, Macao, China, June 9-12, 2014, Revised Selected Papers
Cognitive Study on Chinese Psychological Noun "Memory (Jìyì)"
Lexical Semantic Evolution of Polysemous Words in Ancient Chinese - Taking Zǒu as an Example
The Influence of Neologisms from Mainland China on Changes in the Lexical Semantics of Hong Kong Cantonese
Recognition and Extraction of Honorifics in Chinese Diachronic Corpora
The Relationship Between Lexical Richness and the Quality of CSL Learners' Oral Narratives
Construction of Event Annotation Corpus for Political News Texts
The Functions of 了liǎo in Singapore Mandarin
A Corpus Study of Anaphora in Chinese Conditionals
Metaphors in Chinese Accompanying Gesture Modality and Cognition
Active Learning on Sentiment Classification by Selecting Both Words and Documents
The Conventional Implicature of Dōub(Dōu2, Dōu3): On Semantics of Dōub from the Perspective of Discourse Analysis
PoS Tagging for Classical Chinese Text
The Construction of Music Domain Ontology
Prepositional Frame Extraction and Semantic Classification Based on Chinese ChunkBank
External Causation and Agentivity in Mandarin Chinese
Investigating Acoustic Cues of Emotional Valence in Mandarin Speech Prosody - A Corpus Approach
COVID-19 Related Expressions and Their Correlation with the Pandemic: An Internet-Based Study
A Hybrid Model for Chinese Confusable Words Distinguishing in Proofreading
The Grammaticalization and Evolution Motivation of Shēngshēng
Attention-Based Bi-LSTM for Chinese Named Entity Recognition
Internal Semantic Structure and Conceptual Hierarchy of Antonymous Compounds in Modern Chinese
The Formation Features and Structural Mechanism of Modern Chinese "V cooking +N" Structure
Mining Chinese Polarity Shifters
Semantic Derivation of the Lexical Item Shen in Mandarin Based on Conceptual Metaphor
An Analysis of Definitions of Poly-meaning Sports' Entries Based on Generative Lexicon Theory
On the Lexical Meaning of Conditional Connectives in Chinese
Incorporating Hierarchical Dirichlet Process into Tag Topic Model
A Stack LSTM Transition-Based Dependency Parser with Context Enhancement and K-best Decoding
A Study on Automatic Recognition of Chinese Sentence Pairs Relations Based on CNN
Affective-Sensitive Operator "zhenshi"
A Sentence Segmentation Method for Ancient Chinese Texts Based on NNLM
Dou in Kaifeng Dialect
A Preliminary Study of Confusable Words in L2 Chinese Textbooks
An Ontology-Based Approach for Topic-Based Interpretation Training
Manifestation of Certainty in Semantics: - The Case of Yídìng, Kěndìng and Dǔdìng in Mandarin Chinese
Contemporary Chinese Social Vocative Terms
A Study on Lexical Knowledge and Semantic Features of Speech Act Verbs Based on Language Facts
A Cognitive Semantic Analysis of the Spatial Dimension Adjective "Deep/Shallow" from the Perspective of Lexical Typology
Cross-Categorial Behaviors of Mandarin Physical Contact Verbs: A Frame-Based Constructional Analysis of qiāodǎ 敲打
Linguistic Features of "歇后语" (The Two-Part Allegorical Sayings): A Perspective from the Usage of Punctuations
The Reason for the Popularity of "hold zhu "
Chinese Lexical Semantics - 23rd Workshop, CLSW 2022, Virtual Event, May 14-15, 2022, Revised Selected Papers, Part II
The Application of Chinese Word Segmentation to Less-Resourced Language Processing
Exploring Semantic Variations of Happiness-Denoting Near-Synonyms with Behavioral Profiles
Applying Chinese Word Sketch Engine to Distinguish Commonly Confused Words
Verbal Plurality of Frequency Adverbs in Mandarin Chinese: The Case of Tōngcháng ( )
Evidence for Semantic-Based Association in Chinese Learners' Mental Lexicon: A Word Association Test Study
Arguments of the Disposal Construction in Hainan Min
Linguistic Knowledge Based on Attention Neural Network for Targeted Sentiment Classification
ARSCC: An Assisted Reading System for Contemporary Chinese Based on Multi-aspect Analysis
Morphological Transfer Learning for Low-Resource Languages
The Concatenation of Body Part Words and Emotions from the Perspective of Chinese Radicals
Semantic Derivation of the " 吃 [chi] (eat) + Object" Idiom in Mandarin, Taiwanese and Hakka
Comparison and Optimization of Microblogging Segmentation Methods
Gradability, Subjectivity and the Semantics of the Adjectival zhen 'real' and jia 'fake' in Mandarin
Chinese Lexical Semantics - 24th Workshop, CLSW 2023, Singapore, Singapore, May 19-21, 2023, Revised Selected Papers, Part I
Research on Chinese Sentence Compression for the Title Generation
Concepts Extension from HNC to Lexical Semantic Web through Constructing Synsets
Discourse Coherence: Lexical Chain, Complex Network and Semantic Field
A Quantitative Approach to the Stylistic Assessment of the Middle Chinese Texts
The Development of the Semantic Network of Chinese as Second Language Learners' Production: From the Perspective of Collocations
On the Semantic Ambiguity of Chinese Causative Resultative V-Vs
A Comparable Corpus-Based Study of Three DO Verbs in Varieties of Mandarin: gao
Construction and Quantitative Analysis of Jiangsu Dialect Function Word Knowledgebase
Semantic Classification of Adverbial Nouns Based on Syntactic Treebank and Construction of Collocation Database
Differences in Word Collocations of "Jǐnzhāng" in Cross-Strait Chinese
Probability Distribution of Dependency Distance of Mongolian Nouns
Diachronic Evolution of the Verb Give
The Effect of Word Frequency and Position-in-Utterance in Mandarin Speech Errors: A Connectionist Model of Speech Production
The Effect of Modifiers for Sentiment Analysis
The Semantic Logicality of Terminology Formation in Chinese Industry
Research on the Interactive Elements and Functions of Live Streaming Sales Language - - Take "Hao Bu Hao" as an Example
A Reanalysis of Chinese Passive with a Retained Object
Chinese Idiom Knowledge Base for Chinese Information Processing
The Interaction of Semantic and Orthographic Processing During Chinese Sinograms Recognition: An ERP Study
Somewhere in COLDNESS Lies Nibbāna: Lexical Manifestations of COLDNESS
Employing Emotion Keywords to Improve Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification
A Corpus-Based Study on the Syllablic Form Selection of Ancient Chinese High-Frequency Nouns in the Middle Ages
The Independence of Monosyllabic Words
Polysemy of tuī (推): An Image-Schema-Based Approach
Activation of Alternatives by Mandarin Sentence-Initial and Sentence-Internal Foci: A Semantic Priming Study
On the Core Elements in Sememic Description from the Perspective of Lexicographical Definition
Feichang or Tebie - A Study Based on Corpora
On the Definition of Chinese Quadrasyllabic Idiomatic Expressions in Chinese-French Dictionaries: Problems and Corpus-Based Solution
Categorization and Intensity of Chinese Emotion Words
A Study on the Taxonomy of Chinese Noun Compounds
Multi-pretrained-Model-Based Ensemble Semantic Similarity Ranking of Chinese-English Legal Sentence Pairs
A Study on Homophonic Puns from the Perspective of Semantic Field Theory
Reduplicated Kind Classifier zhǒngzhǒng in Mandarin Chinese and the Associated Plurality Type
A Study of kind Metaphors and Simile Annotation Using Dependency Parsing and ConceptNet
"Love Is as Complex as Math": Metaphor Generation System for Social Chatbot
A Case Study of Schema-Based Categorized Definition Modes in Chinese Dictionaries
Verbal Predicates in Chinese Fictive Motion Expressions
A Semantic Analysis of Sense Organs in Chinese Compound Words: Based on Embodied Cognition and Generative Lexicon Theory
Analysis of the Collocation of "AA-Type Adjectives" Based on MLC Corpus
The Emotion Code in Sensory Modalities - An Investigation of the Relationship Between Sensorimotor Dimensions and Emotional Valence-Arousal
A Chinese Sentence Segmentation Approach Based on Comma
Distributive Quantifier měi in Mandarin Chinese
A DM-Based Approach to the Lack of Monomorphemic Causative Verbs in Mandarin Chinese
Augmenting Emotion Features in Irony Detection with Large Language Modeling
A Study on the Type Coercion of the Causer of Chinese Causative Verb-Resultative Construction Based on the Generative Lexicon Theory
A Quantitative Study on the Measure Index of Syntactic Complexity in Textbooks for Chinese as a Second Language
A Study on the Recovery of Omitted Constituents in Chinese Elliptical Sentences
A Corpus-Based Genre and Language Feature Analysis of Chinese and English Linguistics and Literature Article Abstracts
First Explorations on the Syntactic Distributions of Verb-Object Constructions in Mandarin-V+A Constructions as Examples
Transitivity Variations in Mandarin VO Compounds - A Comparable Corpus-based Approach
Exploring Reasoning Schemes: A Dataset for Syllogism Figure Identification
A Collostructional Analysis of Ditransitive Constructions in Mandarin
A Study on the Interpreting Mechanisms of Puns
Improved Implementation of Expectation Maximization Algorithm on Graphic Processing Unit
Developing Mongolian Phrase Information Resources
Quantitative Analysis of "ADV+N" via Cognitive Property Knowledgebase
The General Classifier Gè in Chinese: Evidence from Mutual Information Computation
On the Interaction of Future and Perfective Aspect in Mandarin Chinese
Knowledge Graph Representation of Syntactic and Semantic Information
Research on the Recognition of Chinese Autonomous Verbs Based on Semantic Selection Restriction and Natural Annotation Information
The Construction of Sentence-Based Diagrammatic Treebank
Study on the Order of Double-Syllable Double Attributives and Selection Restrictions - Take the Structures of a 1 + a 2 + De + n and a 1 ' + De + a 2 ' + n' as Examples
Gender-Related Use of Tonal Patterns in Mandarin Chinese - The Case of Sentence-Final Particle Ma
The Reclassification of Chinese Nominal Measure Words Based on Definition Mode
The Research on the Knowledge Base Construction of Pragmatic Information on Confusable Words in TCSL
Incorporating HowNet-Based Semantic Relatedness Into Chinese Word Sense Disambiguation
Shǎobuliǎo as Entry in The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary: Criteria for Inclusion and Sense Selection
Corpus-Based Statistical Analysis of Polysemous Words in Legislative Chinese and General Chinese
A Study of Manner Adverbs' Sememe Collocation in Modern Chinese
Comparison and Sense Induction of Temporal Adverbs Reng and Hai: A Corpus-Based Study
Three Registers behind two Characters: an Analysis of the Words' Formation and their Registers
Research on the Distribution of Nouns and Verbs Based on Cognitive Expression
The Pragmatic Distribution and Semantic Explanation of Evidential Prepositions
The Meaning of Polysemous Adjective "Hao(Good)"
Chunk Extraction and Analysis Based on Frame-Verbs
Chinese Word Order Analysis Based on Binary Dependency Relationships
A Corpus-Based Study of Factive Verbs and Its Influencing Factors
The Introduction of Positive Position in "V Wish + VP neg " and Its Pragmatic Consequences
A Talk on "Tongkuai" and "Tongbingkuailezhe"
Topic and Focus in the Left Periphery of Old Xiang: Syntactic Cartography and Semantic Constraints
An Analysis of the Word Formation Process for Negative Quasi-prefixes 非 "fei" and 无 "wu" in Modern Chinese
On Detection of Synonyms Between Simplified Chinese of Mainland China and Traditional Chinese of Taiwan: A Semantic Similarity Method
A Contrastive Analysis of hen and ting in Chinese
The Construction and Analysis of Annotated Imagery Corpus of Three Hundred Tang Poems
A Preliminary Quantitative Investigation of Chinese Monosyndetic Coordinators
The Dynamic Evolution of Common Address Terms in Chinese Based on Word Embedding
Active and Passive Expressions of Tolerance: A Semantic Analysis of the Near-Synonyms ren3 and shou4 Based on MARVS Theory
Translational Equivalents for Culture-Specific Words in Chinese-English Dictionaries
Semantic Derivation of the Lexical Item Yan/Mu in Mandarin: A Cognitive Study
Teaching Chinese Pattern Extraction and Its Knowledge Base Construction for Specific Domain Texts
Answer Ranking Based on Language Phenomenon Recognition
Relationship Between Discourse Notions and the Lexicon: From the Perspective of Chinese Information Structure
The Nature of Semantic Primitive and Its Role in Synset Construction
A Survey of the Compatibility of Laizhe with the MARVS Model of Event Types
A Case Study on Scalar Ordering Relations of Chinese Adverbs
Conventionalizing Common Sense for Chinese Textual Entailment Recognition
Comparison of Changes Between Mainland China and Taiwan
Assessing Lexical Psycholinguistic Properties in Mandarin Discourse Production by Patients with Aphasia
Study on the Effectiveness of the Regulations for Chinese Words with Variant Forms Based on a Long-Span Diachronic Corpus
Spatiality and Its Semantic Consequence of the Quantitative Expression "一CCN" in Mandarin Chinese
Human Cognitive Constraints on the Separation Frequency and Limit of Separable Words
Construction of Effective News Corpus in Commodity Futures Domain
Text Rewriting Pattern Mining Based on Monolingual Alignment
Parallel Corpus-based Bilingual Co-training for Relation Classification
A Comparative Study of Computational Linguistics Terminology in English Papers by Chinese and American Scholars
Morphology of 'Chilli Pepper' Nouns in Sinitic Languages: A Typological Study
Chinese Inter-clausal Anaphora in Causal Relation - A Corpus Study
A Deontic Modal SFP in Chengdu Chinese
Studies on a Hybrid Way of Rules and Statistics for Chinese Conjunction Usages Recognition
The Motivated Topicalization and Referentiality of the Compound Noun in Chinese
A Case Study of a Preschool Child's Compliment Expression Based on Schema Theory
A Study on Classification of Monosyllabic and Disyllabic Onomatopoeias Based on the Relation Between the Form and Meaning
Annotation Schema for Contemporary Chinese Based on JinXi Li's Grammar System
Mandarin Analytic Causative Constructions with Shǐ and Ràng: A Usage-Based Collostructional Analysis
A Study on the Causative Alternation from a Non-derivational Perspective
Quantitative Study on the Moral Tendency and Moral Types of Chinese Adverbs
The Semantic Functions of Prepositions and Postpositions in Chinese Spatial Circumpositions - A Perspective from Language Typology
A Study on the Combination of the "Artificial/Natural" Semantics in the Chinese NN Attributive-Head Compounds
Construction of Chinese Obstetrics Knowledge Graph Based on the Multiple Sources Data
Corpus Construction of Critical Illness Entities and Relationships
On the Meaning Representation of Fuzzy Words
A Study on the Selection Mechanism of the ChineseLoan Words of the Same Signified with Different Signifiers
Multi-task Learning Neural Networks for Comparative Elements Extraction
Constructing the Verb Sub-library in the Electronic Dictionary of NIGEN DABHVR ASAR
A Study on the Lexicalization of Combined Idioms in Mencius
Extracting Hierarchical Relations Between the Back-of-the-Book Index Terms
An Empirical Study of Gender-Related Differences in Topics Selection Based on We-Media Corpus
Construction and Application of Chinese Emotional Corpus
Semantic Analysis of "V+死+人" Structure
Hedge Detection with Latent Features
Semi-supervised Sentiment Classification with Self-training on Feature Subspaces
Motion Constructions in Singapore Mandarin Chinese: A Typological Perspective
On the Adequacy of Grammatical Description: The Case of Ròujiámó (肉夹馍)
Building Chinese Semantic Treebank for Patent Text on the Basis of 3 Dimensional Dynamic Concept Model
The Construction Tendency and Cognitive Motivation of [X+PLACE] Compounds from the Perspective of Qualia Structure
Microblog Sentiment Classification Method Based on Dual Attention Mechanism and Bidirectional LSTM
Research on the Semantic Map of Multifunctional Morpheme Sui
Human Body Metaphor in News Headlines
The Measurement Study of Syntactic Representations of Event Structures Based on Chinese Parataxis Graph
The Extracting Method of Chinese-Naxi Translation Template Based on Improved Dependency Tree-To-String
Research on the Semantic Map of Multifunctional Morpheme Cong
The Scientific Literature Corpus for Chinese Negation and Uncertainty Identification
Study on the Annotation Framework of Chinese Logic Complement Semantics
Formal Schema of Diagrammatic Chinese Syntactic Analysis
The Collocations of Chinese Color Words
Text Readability Assessment for Chinese Second Language Teaching
A Tentative Study on the Annotation of Evidentiality
Semantic Representations of Terms in Traditional Chinese Medicine
On the Licensing of Verbs in a Flip-Flop Construction from the Qualia Structure of Nouns
A Study on Metaphors in Idioms Based on Chinese Idiom Knowledge Base
A Diachronic Study of Structure Patterns of Ditransitive Verbs
On the Verb Huaiyi with Passive Voice in Hong Kong-Style Chinese
A Study on Lexical Ambiguity in Mandarin Chinese
Taking Comparison Between the Degree Adverbs in Northeast Dialect and Taiwanese Mandarin from Three Perspectives - - Taking Lǎo and Chāo as Examples
The Semantic Features and Construal Mechanisms of the Expectational Negative Adverb Kong in Mandarin
Interpretation of Complex Event and the Semantics Structure of General Verbs
The Use of "Ná" and "Hold" Verbs by Bilingual PreSchool Children in Singapore
Chinese Lexical Semantics - 18th Workshop, CLSW 2017, Leshan, China, May 18-20, 2017, Revised Selected Papers
TG Network: A Model that More Effectively Identifies the Use of the Auxiliary Word "DE"
A study on the third interpretation of 'V+ Duration Phrase' in Chinese from the perspective of qualia structure
Politicize and Depoliticize: A Study of Semantic Shifts on People's Daily Fifty Years' Corpus via Distributed Word Representation Space
Study on the Order of Vocabulary Output of International Students
YONG 用as a Pro-verb in Taiwan Mandarin
Description of the Lexical Meaning Structure of Evaluated Speech Act Verb and Its Synset Construction
Constructing Chinese Opinion-Element Collocation Dataset Using Search Engine and Ontology
Research on the Structure of Pediatric Epilepsy Electronic Medical Records Based on Transfer Learning
Internal Structures and Constructional Meanings: 'Da-X-da-Y' and Its Related Constructions in Mandarin Chinese
On ta: The Focus Marker of Numeral Expressions
Incorporating Lexical Semantic Similarity to Tree Kernel-Based Chinese Relation Extraction
Research on the Phenomenon of Tone Sandhi of BB in ABB-Pattern Adjectives from the Perspective of Coercion Effects
Zero Anaphora Errors and the Restriction Rules of Zero Anaphora in Discourse for Middle and Senior International Students
A Phrase Disambiguation Method of "Quanbu V de N" Based on SBERT Model and Syntactic Rule
Frequency in Chinese Ballad Song Lyrics: A Quantitative Morpheme-Based Study
Citation Network, Knowledge and Evaluation: The Role of Reporting Markers in Citation Content Analysis
A Quantitative Research on the Spatial Imageries for Among Flowers
Verbal Empty Categories and Their Types in Mandarin
A Research on the Manchu-Chinese Bilingual Comparative Characteristics of the Yu Zhi Zeng Ding Qing Wen Jian Dictionary
Automatic Chinese Nominal Compound Interpretation Based on Deep Neural Networks Combined with Semantic Features
Topicaliazation in the Model of Sentence Formation
Semantic Dependency Analysis of Special Sentence Patterns in Ancient Chinese
The Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis of 'wo zhidao (I know)' in Fiction Style
Research on the Semantic Collocations of Mental Verbs and the Generative Mechanisms of Polysemy: The Generative Lexicon
Construction of Query Classification System and Query Classification Corpus for Chinese Intent Recognition
Polarity Shift in the "bù 'not' + Adj./Verb" Construction
Study of Semantic Features of Dimensional Adjective Cu 'Thick' in Mandarin Chinese
Verb Meaning Representation Based on Structured Semantic Components
The Interpersonal and Attitudinal Function of the Modal Particle A in the Middle of the Sentence
The Semantic Roles of Chinese Verbs of Saluting
Polysemous Words Definition in the Dictionary and Word Sense Annotation
Automatic Acquisition of Chinese Words' Property of Times
Named Entity Recognition Based on Bilingual Co-training
Qualia Structure in Creative Metaphor
Diachronic Changes and Multi-dimensional Quantitative Analysis of Sentence Complexity in Contemporary Chinese Written Language
Semantic Development: From Hand Act to Speech Act - Metaphors and Different Image Schemas
A Printed Chinese Character Recognition Method Based on Area Brightness Feature
Complex Query Expansion Based on Weighted Shortest Path Length in Key Term Concurrence Network
A Study on Semantic Word-Formation Rules of Chinese Nouns from the Perspective of Generative Lexicon Theory - - - A Case Study of Undirected Disyllable Compounds
Semantic and Phonological Distances in Free Word Association Tasks
Information-Seeking Questions and Rhetorical Questions in Emotion Expressions
A Survey on Chinese as Second Language Learners' Acquisition of the Structural Auxiliary Word "de" (的)
A Customized Lexicalized Reordering Model for Machine Translation between Chinese and English
The Semantic Structure and Interpretive Mode of Causative Predicates
A Corpus-Based Semantic Analysis of the Pattern 'bǎ+NP+VP' in Mandarin Chinese