yusuke1997/dblp-id-title huggingface dataset:
Analytics for Product Planning: In-Depth Interview Study with SaaS Product Managers
μP: A Development Framework for Predicting Performance of Microservices by Design
GNOSIS: Proactive Image Placement Using Graph Neural Networks & Deep Reinforcement Learning
Konveyor Move2Kube: Automated Replatforming of Applications to Kubernetes
Consumer Oriented Privacy Preserving Access Control for Electronic Health Records in the Cloud
Self-Configuration of Distributed Applications in the Cloud
Optimization of Electricity and Server Maintenance Costs in Hybrid Cooling Data Centers
Keeping Your API Keys in a Safe
Seamless Support of Multimedia Distributed Applications Through a Cloud
ESTHER: Application-First Hardware-Level QoS-Enforcement for Cloud Native Environments
OrcBench: A Representative Serverless Benchmark
ReSACO: A Meta Reinforcement Learning Method for Fast Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing
Improved Lightweight Proxy Re-encryption for Flexible and Scalable Mobile Revocation Management in Cloud Computing
Arion: A Model-Driven Middleware for Minimizing Data Loss in Stream Data Storage
Performance Analysis of Zero-Trust multi-cloud
Cloud Security via Virtualized Out-of-Band Execution and Obfuscation
Toward Trustworthy Delegation: Verifiable Outsourced Decryption with Tamper-Resistance in Public Cloud Storage
A SaaSify Tool for Converting Traditional Web-Based Applications to SaaS Application
Workload Characterization for a Non-Hyperscale Public Cloud Platform
CFP: A Cross-layer Recommender System with Fine-grained Preloading for Short Video Streaming at Network Edge
Using Structural Similarity to Predict Future Workload Behavior in the Cloud
Dynamic Energy and Expenditure Aware Data Replication Strategy
Towards an Open Data Set for Trace-Oriented Monitoring
Resource Scaling Strategies for Open-Source FaaS Platforms compared to Commercial Cloud Offerings
Serverless Elastic Exploration of Unbalanced Algorithms
Hierarchical Spark: A Multi-Cluster Big Data Computing Framework
Bidimensional Cross-Cloud Management with TOSCA and Brooklyn
An Approach to Pinpointing Bug-Induced Failure in Logs of Open Cloud Platforms
Virtual Network Function Migration Considering Load Balance and SFC Delay in Cloud Datacenter
An Approach for Evaluating Cloud Application Topologies Based on TOSCA
DROPLET: Distributed Operator Placement for IoT Applications Spanning Edge and Cloud Resources
A Content-wise Data Placement Policy for Improving the Performance of MapReduce-based Video Processing Applications in Cloud Computing
Abstract Image Management and Universal Image Registration for Cloud and HPC Infrastructures
Managing Big Data with Information Flow Control
S-memV: Split Migration of Large-Memory Virtual Machines in IaaS Clouds
Blaze: A High-Performance, Scalable, and Efficient Data Transfer Framework with Configurable and Extensible Features : Principles, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Transatlantic Inter-Cloud Data Transfer Case Study
Optimal Resource Allocation to Host Web Services in Cloud
Multi-level Selective Deduplication for VM Snapshots in Cloud Storage
On Datacenter-Network-Aware Load Balancing in MapReduce
Defining Customizable Business Processes without Compromising the Maintainability in Multi-tenant SaaS Applications
Best First Fit (BFF): An Approach to Partially Reconfigurable Hybrid Circuit and Packet Switching
Application Migration Effort in the Cloud - The Case of Cloud Platforms
Certicloud: A Novel TPM-based Approach to Ensure Cloud IaaS Security
A RESTful Approach to the Management of Cloud Infrastructure
A Generic Framework for Application Configuration Discovery with Pluggable Knowledge
Taming Computation Skews of Block-Oriented Iterative Scientific Applications in MapReduce Systems
Service Load Prediction based on User Knowledge Level Evolution for Software Development Knowledge Base
Evaluation of Network Topology Inference in Opaque Compute Clouds through End-to-End Measurements
An Online Mechanism for Dynamic VM Provisioning and Allocation in Clouds
Concurrency Optimized Task Scheduling for Workflows in Cloud
Improving Coding Performance and Energy Efficiency of Erasure Coding Process for Storage Systems - A Parallel and Scalable Approach
An Aspect-Oriented Approach to SLA-Driven Monitoring Multi-tenant Cloud Application
A Secure Framework for Continuous Compliance across Heterogeneous Policy Validation Points
Scheduling Scientific Workflows Elastically for Cloud Computing
Disaster Recovery for Cloud-Hosted Enterprise Applications
HEROS: Energy-Efficient Load Balancing for Heterogeneous Data Centers
Enabling Scalability in the Cloud for Scientific Workflows: An Earth Science Use Case
Variable batch size across layers for efficient prediction on CNNs
An Approach for Selecting Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Product
Performance Evaluation of Data-Centric Workloads in Serverless Environments
Dynamic SLA Template Adjustments Based on Service Property Monitoring
Federated or Split? A Performance and Privacy Analysis of Hybrid Split and Federated Learning Architectures
Towards Application-centric Fairness in Multi-tenant Clouds with Adaptive CPU Sharing Model
Toward Automatically Deducing Key Device States for the Live Migration of Virtual Machines
A Proposal of Autonomic Edge Cloud Platform with CCN-Based Service Routing Protocol
Privacy-Preserving and Updatable Block-Level Data Deduplication in Cloud Storage Services
A Scalable Communication Runtime for Clouds
Reputation Audit in Multi-cloud Storage through Integrity Verification and Data Dynamics
ChainFS: Blockchain-Secured Cloud Storage
Industry Cloud - Effective Adoption of Cloud Computing for Industry Solutions
Self-Adaptive Resource Allocation for Elastic Process Execution
A Hardware/Software Approach for Mitigating Performance Interference Effects in Virtualized Environments Using SR-IOV
HydraGen: A Microservice Benchmark Generator
2013 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Cloud Computing, Santa Clara, CA, USA, June 28 - July 3, 2013
MC2: Map Concurrency Characterization for MapReduce on the Cloud
PAD: Performance Anomaly Detection in Multi-server Distributed Systems
Allocation of Publisher/Subscriber Data Links on a Set of Virtual Machines
QoS-Driven Service Selection for Multi-tenant SaaS
2024 IEEE World Congress on Services
Exploiting Performance and Cost Diversity in the Cloud
MetaStorage: A Federated Cloud Storage System to Manage Consistency-Latency Tradeoffs
Center-of-Gravity Reduce Task Scheduling to Lower MapReduce Network Traffic
DRESS: Dynamic RESource-Reservation Scheme for Congested Data-Intensive Computing Platforms
ArcaDB: A Disaggregated Query Engine for Heterogenous Computational Environments
GARDEN: Generic Addressing and Routing for Data Center Networks
Origami Inference: Private Inference Using Hardware Enclaves
Spock: Exploiting Serverless Functions for SLO and Cost Aware Resource Procurement in Public Cloud
An Auto-Scaling Framework for Predictable Open Source FaaS Function Chains
Understanding Tradeoffs between Power Usage and Performance in a Virtualized Environment
TRIGLAV: Remote Attestation of the Virtual Machine's Runtime Integrity in Public Clouds
Enforcing Corporate Governance's Internal Controls and Audit in the Cloud
Implementing Scalable, Network-Aware Virtual Machine Migration for Cloud Data Centers
On the Relatively Small Impact of Deep Dependencies on Cloud Application Reliability
CloudInsight: Utilizing a Council of Experts to Predict Future Cloud Application Workloads
IEEE 2024 World Congress on Services
DLB: Deep Learning Based Load Balancing
Litigo: A Cost-Driven Model for Opaque Cloud Services
Wawel: Architecture for Scalable Attestation of Heterogeneous Virtual Execution Environments
A Software Product Line Approach for Configuring Cloud Robotics Applications
Power and Time Aware VM Migration for Multi-Tier Applications over Geo-Distributed Clouds
MediaPaaS: A Cloud-Based Media Processing Platform for Elastic Live Broadcasting
Optimal Bids for Spot VMs in a Cloud for Deadline Constrained Jobs
Portable Data Management Cloud for Field Science
Characterizing Loop Acceleration in Heterogeneous Computing
Performance and Revenue Analysis of Hybrid Cloud Federations with QoS Requirements
A Case for Performance- and Cost-Aware Multi-Cloud Overlays
CloudMix: Generating Diverse and Reducible Workloads for Cloud Systems
Maximizing Reliability of Data-Intensive Workflow Systems with Active Fault Tolerance Schemes in Cloud
DRLQ: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Task Placement for Quantum Cloud Computing
Pragmatic Integration of Cloud and Grid Computing Infrastructures
A Semi-distributed Access Control Management Scheme for Securing Cloud Environment
Minimizing WAN Communications in Inter-datacenter Key-Value Stores
Virtual Machine Placement in Predictable Computing Clouds
Cloud Resource Provisioning and Bottleneck Eliminating for Meshed Web Systems
Performance Characterization of Multi-Container Deployment Schemes for Online Learning Inference
Dynamic Rule Based SLA Management in Clouds
DMFD: Non-Intrusive Dependency Inference and Flow Ratio Model for Performance Anomaly Detection in Multi-Tier Cloud Applications
Energy and Performance-Aware Task Scheduling in a Mobile Cloud Computing Environment
Bypass Container Overlay Networks with Transparent BPF-driven Socket Replacement
Virtual Machine Pre-Provisioning for Computation Offloading Service in Edge Cloud
Resource Management for Elastic Publish Subscribe Systems: A Performance Modeling-Based Approach
Minimizing the Operational Cost of Data Centers via Geographical Electricity Price Diversity
PBAD: Perception-Based Anomaly Detection System for Cloud Datacenters
FlowVirt: Flow Rule Virtualization for Dynamic Scalability of Programmable Network Virtualization
Karamel: A System for Timely Provisioning Large-Scale Software across IaaS Clouds
Impact of Live Migration on Multi-tier Application Performance in Clouds
Resource Allocation Algorithms for Multicast Streaming in Elastic Cloud-Based Media Collaboration Services
Peregrine: An All-Layer-2 Container Computer Network
Towards Deadline Guaranteed Cloud Storage Services
Use of Network Latency Profiling and Redundancy for Cloud Server Selection
Deep Unsupervised Workload Sequence Anomaly Detection with Fusion of Spatial and Temporal Features in the Cloud
How to Enhance Cloud Architectures to Enable Cross-Federation
A Latency-Aware Co-deployment Mechanism for Cloud-Based Services
Using Elasticity to Improve Inline Data Deduplication Storage Systems
Towards the Automatic Detection of Efficient Computing Assets in a Heterogeneous Cloud Environment
CodeSift: An LLM-Based Reference-Less Framework for Automatic Code Validation
Evaluation of NUMA-Aware Scheduling in Warehouse-Scale Clusters
Economics of Spot Instance Service: A Two-Stage Dynamic Game Approach
Tracemesh: Scalable and Streaming Sampling for Distributed Traces
Toward Ease of Discovery, Selection and Use of Clusters within a Cloud
Digital Library Engine: Adapting Digital Library for Cloud Computing
Time-Sensitive Provisioning of Bare Metal Compute as a Cloud Service
Leveraging Metadata in No SQL Storage Systems
An Analytic Model of Traffic Surges for Multi-Server Queues in Cloud Environments
My Private Cloud Overview: A Trust, Privacy and Security Infrastructure for the Cloud
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Public Clouds for Offloading In-House HPC Jobs
Exploiting Synchrony in Replicated State Machines
Towards Automatic Tuning of Apache Spark Configuration
A Multi-tenant Web Application Framework for SaaS
Social Cloud: Cloud Computing in Social Networks
18th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, CLOUD 2025, Helsinki, Finland, July 7-12, 2025
PriDyn: Framework for Performance Specific QoS in Cloud Storage
Achieving High Availability at the Application Level in the Cloud
StackInsights: Cognitive Learning for Hybrid Cloud Readiness
Transparent Clouds: An Enhancement to Abstraction
Cloud Atlas: A Software Defined Networking Abstraction for Cloud to WAN Virtual Networking
Towards Optimal Resource Provisioning for Running MapReduce Programs in Public Clouds
Efficient Deployment of Main-Memory DBMS in Virtualized Data Centers
Towards Scalable k-out-of-n Models for Assessing the Reliability of Large-Scale Function-as-a-Service Systems with Bayesian Networks
Incentive-Compatible Online Mechanisms for Resource Provisioning and Allocation in Clouds
Skedulix: Hybrid Cloud Scheduling for Cost-Efficient Execution of Serverless Applications
GDTS: GAN-Based Distributed Tabular Synthesizer
Improving Availability of Cloud-Based Applications through Deployment Choices
Scaling Archived Social Media Data Analysis Using a Hadoop Cloud
An Innovative Energy-Aware Cloud Task Scheduling Framework
Elastically Ruling the Cloud: Specifying Application's Behavior in Federated Clouds
Fault Tolerance as a Service
Adaptive Market Mechanism for Efficient Cloud Services Trading
Privacy-Preserving Decentralized Edge Caching in 5G Networks
Reducing Costs of Spot Instances via Checkpointing in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
Design-Time Analysis of Time-Critical and Fault-Tolerance Constraints in Cloud Services
SLA-Based and Consumer-centric Dynamic Provisioning for Cloud Databases
Inter-Bank Payment System on Enterprise Blockchain Platform
A State-aware Method for Flows with Fairness on NVMe SSDs with Load Balance
Storm-RTS: Stream Processing with Stable Performance for Multi-Cloud and Cloud-edge
LGDCloudSim: A Resource Management Simulation System for Large-Scale Geographically Distributed Cloud Data Center Scenarios
iVMp: An Interactive VM Placement Algorithm for Agile Capital Allocation
Guaranteeing Service Level Agreements for Triangle Counting via Observation-based Admission Control Algorithm
Reproducible Scientific Computing Environment with Overlay Cloud Architecture
WASP: Workload Adaptive Energy-Latency Optimization in Server Farms Using Server Low-Power States
Game Theoretic Modeling of Security and Interdependency in a Public Cloud
Geographical Job Scheduling in Data Centers with Heterogeneous Demands and Servers
A Self-Learning Scheduling in Cloud Software Defined Block Storage
FedMax: Enabling a Highly-Efficient Federated Learning Framework
Taking IT Management Services to a Cloud
NVMe-Driven Lazy Cache Coherence for Immutable Data with NVMe over Fabrics
Privacy-Preserving Association Rule Mining Algorithm for Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing
PLAG: Practical Landmark Allocation for Cloud Geolocation
Speculative Execution for a Single Job in a MapReduce-Like System
Kepler: A Framework to Calculate the Energy Consumption of Containerized Applications
Service Selection in a Cloud Marketplace: A Multi-Perspective Solution
Avoiding Lock-In: Timely Reconfiguration of a Virtual Cloud Platform on Top of Multiple PaaS and IaaS Providers
EPCloud Flow: Load Prediction and Migration Optimizations for EPC Network on Cloud
Generalizing QoS-Aware Memory Bandwidth Allocation to Multi-Socket Cloud Servers
Distributing an SQL Query over a Cluster of Containers
Experiences with a Private Enterprise Cloud: Providing Fault Tolerance and High Availability for Interactive EDA Applications
Compliant Cloud Computing (C3): Architecture and Language Support for User-Driven Compliance Management in Clouds
I/O Characteristics Discovery in Cloud Storage Systems
Speeding up Model Loading with Fastsafetensors
Designing knowledge plane to optimize leaf and spine data center
PYTHIA: Admission Control for Multi-Framework, Deadline- Driven, Big Data Workloads
DICB: Dynamic Intelligent Customizable Benign Pricing Strategy for Cloud Computing
Risk Aware Provisioning and Resource Aggregation Based Consolidation of Virtual Machines
Efficient Processing of Encrypted Data in Honest-but-Curious Clouds
Traffic-Aware Virtual Machine Migration Scheduling Problem in Geographically Distributed Data Centers
Towards Improving Data Center Utilisation by Reducing Fragmentation
A Declarative Environment for Automatic Performance Evaluation in IaaS Clouds
An Integrated Approach for Specifying and Enforcing SLAs for Cloud Services
Cloud Readiness Planning Tool (CRPT): An AI-Based Framework to Automate Migration Planning
Exploiting Cloud Utility Models for Profit and Ruin
EdgePS: Selective Parameter Aggregation for Distributed Machine Learning in Edge Computing
A Model Driven Framework for Secure Outsourcing of Computation to the Cloud
16th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, CLOUD 2023, Chicago, IL, USA, July 2-8, 2023
Cost-Aware Cloud Metering with Scalable Service Management Infrastructure
Configuring a MapReduce Framework for Dynamic and Efficient Energy Adaptation
Recursive LSTM with Shift Embedding for Online User-Item Interaction Prediction
Automated LLM Deployment and Evaluation: A Cloud-Native Approach Using LLM-as-a-Judge
F2Box: Cloudifying F2F Storage Systems with High Availability Correlation
Survivable Virtual Infrastructure Mapping in Virtualized Data Centers
MONGOOSE: MONitoring Global Online Opinions via Semantic Extraction
A Reliable Cloud-Based Feedback Control System
Integrity Protection for Kubernetes Resource Based on Digital Signature
Rule-Based Problem Classification in IT Service Management
Application-Level CPU Consumption Estimation: Towards Performance Isolation of Multi-tenancy Web Applications
Autonomous Resource Consolidation Management in Clouds Using IMPROMPTU Extensions
Context-Aware Data Loss Prevention for Cloud Storage Services
Taming Performance Hotspots in Cloud Storage with Dynamic Load Redistribution
Provisioning Security and Performance Optimization for Dynamic Cloud Environments
Q-percentile Bandwidth Billing Based Geo-Scheduling Algorithm
Toward Optimal Deployment of Communication-Intensive Cloud Applications
FunctionBench: A Suite of Workloads for Serverless Cloud Function Service
Core-Selecting Auctions for Dynamically Allocating Heterogeneous VMs in Cloud Computing
Gnafuy: A Framework for Ubiquitous Mobile Computation
Causal Modeling based Fault Localization in Cloud Systems using Golden Signals
On the Interplay between Network Traffic and Energy Consumption in Virtualized Environment: An Empirical Study
Formalizing the Cloud through Enterprise Topology Graphs
Experimental Analysis of Application Specific Energy Efficiency of Data Centers with Heterogeneous Servers
P-Cop: A Cloud Administration Proxy to Enforce Bipartite Maintenance of PaaS Services
HaSTE: Hadoop YARN Scheduling Based on Task-Dependency and Resource-Demand
Elevating Performance of LSM-Tree-Based Key-Value Stores with Gradient Data Hierarchy
A Framework for Partitioning and Execution of Data Stream Applications in Mobile Cloud Computing
A Formal Framework of Resource Management for VNFaaS in Cloud
Distributed Shared Memory Based Live VM Migration
A Hybrid Cloud Framework for Scientific Computing
Federated Galaxy: Biomedical Computing at the Frontier
A Capacity Allocation Approach for Volunteer Cloud Federations Using Poisson-Gamma Gibbs Sampling
Beyond Generic Lifecycles: Reusable Modeling of Custom-Fit Management Workflows for Cloud Applications
Evaluation of Production Serverless Computing Environments
Virtual Numbers for Virtual Machines?
Defining and Implementing Connection Anonymity for SaaS Web Services
Analysis and Optimization for Passive One-way Delay Measurement Tax in Container Networks
A Function Clustering Algorithm for Resource Utilization in Service Function Chaining
Exploring the Design Space for Optimizations with Apache Aurora and Mesos
Cost and Utilization Optimization of Amazon EC2 Instances
Addressing Data and User Mobility Challenges in the Cloud
Detecting Virtualization Specific Vulnerabilities in Cloud Computing Environment
Evaluation of Influencing Factors in an Impact Analysis Methodology for the Adoption of Cloud-Based Services
An Architecture for a Mashup Container in Virtualized Environments
Evaluating Hadoop for Data-Intensive Scientific Operations
COR-Honeypot: Copy-On-Risk, Virtual Machine as Honeypot in the Cloud
A Tiered Strategy for Auditing in the Cloud
Content Based SLAs in Cloud Computing Environments
An Evaluation of Cassandra for Hadoop
Soft-Union: An Overlay Based Efficient Software P2P Distribution Scheme
MANTICORE: Masking All Network Traffic via IP Concealment with OpenVPN Relaying to EC2
A Federated Multi-cloud PaaS Infrastructure
On Deletion of Outsourced Data in Cloud Computing
Iterative Hadoop MapReduce-Based Subgraph Enumeration in Network Motif Analysis
HGrid: A Data Model for Large Geospatial Data Sets in HBase
Run Wild: Resource Management System with Generalized Modeling for Microservices on Cloud
Video Surveillance Based on Cloud Storage
Auto-tuning Performance of MPI Parallel Programs Using Resource Management in Container-Based Virtual Cloud
A Novel Scheduling Mechanism For Hybrid Cloud Systems
Cool Cloud: A Practical Dynamic Virtual Machine Placement Framework for Energy Aware Data Centers
One System Call Hook to Rule All TEE OSes in the Cloud
CloudMonitor: Profiling Power Usage
RSDS: Getting System Call Whitelist for Container Through Dynamic and Static Analysis
Analytical Modeling of Reactive Autonomic Management Techniques in IaaS Clouds
Typhon: Consistency Semantics for Multi-Representation Data Processing
Migrating GIS Big Data Computing from Hadoop to Spark: An Exemplary Study Using Twitter
Cost-Efficient Stream Processing on the Cloud
CLOUDIO: A Cloud Computing-Oriented Multi-tenant Architecture for Business Information Systems
Optimizing Cloud Data Center Energy Efficiency via Dynamic Prediction of CPU Idle Intervals
TensorExpress: In-Network Communication Scheduling for Distributed Deep Learning
Scalable Network Traffic Classification Using Distributed Support Vector Machines
FaaSCTDO: Collaborative Task-Data Orchestration for Serverless Workflows
Towards Building a Scalable Data Analytics System on Clouds: An Early Experience on AliCloud
A Remote I/O Solution for the Cloud
Event-Driven Approach for Monitoring and Orchestration of Cloud and Edge-Enabled IoT Systems
Everything as a Service (XaaS) on the Cloud: Origins, Current and Future Trends
Analytics of Performance and Data Quality for Mobile Edge Cloud Applications
A Noise-aware Asymmetric Spectral Regularization Collective Matrix Factorization Algorithm for Recommender System in Cloud Services
Bayesian Uncertainty Modelling for Cloud Workload Prediction
A Robust Scheduler for Workflow Ensembles under Uncertainties of Available Bandwidth
A Systematic Framework Enabling Automatic Conflict Detection and Explanation in Cloud Service Selection for Enterprises
Hadoop in Flight: Migrating Live MapReduce Jobs for Power-Shifting Data Centers
Improving Federated Learning Through Low-Entropy Client Sampling Based on Learned High-Level Features
Allies: Tile-Based Joint Transcoding, Delivery and Caching of 360° Videos in Edge Cloud Networks
Placement in Clouds for Application-Level Latency Requirements
Governance Life Cycle Framework for Managing Security in Public Cloud: From User Perspective
GISQF: An Efficient Spatial Query Processing System
Automated Selection and Configuration of Cloud Environments Using Software Product Lines Principles
Optimal Rule Mining for Dynamic Authorization Management in Collaborating Clouds Using Attribute-Based Access Control
Evaluating Dynamic Resource Allocation Strategies in Virtualized Data Centers
Delay-Aware Service Caching in Edge Cloud: An Adversarial Semi-Bandits Learning-Based Approach
Precomputation-Optimized Lakehouse Architecture for Online Analytical Processing Tasks
Hybrid Serverless Platform for Service Function Chains
C-Cloud: A Cost-Efficient Reliable Cloud of Surplus Computing Resources
A Self-Cloning Agents Based Model for High-Performance Mobile-Cloud Computing
TREXCLOUD: Java EE IaaS Cloud Deployment Made Easy
DriftInsight: Detecting Anomalous Behaviors in Large-Scale Cloud Platform
Modeling Interference for Apache Spark Jobs
Multi-cloud Application Design through Cloud Service Composition
Data Governance and Semantic Recommendation Algorithms for Cloud Platform Selection
BigSecret: A Secure Data Management Framework for Key-Value Stores
A Security Benchmark for OpenStack
Towards Latency Sensitive Cloud Native Applications: A Performance Study on AWS
SFC Provisioning over NFV Enabled Clouds
Neon: Low-Latency Streaming Pipelines for HPC
A Lightweight Model for Estimating Energy Cost of Live Migration of Virtual Machines