yusuke1997/dblp-id-title huggingface dataset:
Remotely Keyed Cryptographics Secure Remote Display Access Using (Mostly) Untrusted Hardware
On Constant-Round Precise Zero-Knowledge
Stateless connections
RADIAL: Robust Adversarial Discrepancy-Aware Framework for Early Detection of Illicit Cryptocurrency Accounts
Server-Aided Directly Revocable Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption with Verifiable Delegation
Identity in the Internet-of-Things (IoT): New Challenges and Opportunities
Protecting Elliptic Curve Cryptography Against Memory Disclosure Attacks
Chinese Remainder Theorem Based Hierarchical Access Control for Secure Group Communication
Role Recognition of Illegal Online Gambling Participants Using Monetary Transaction Data
A Symbolic Model for Systematically Analyzing TEE-Based Protocols
More Efficient Construction of Anonymous Signatures
Cryptanalysis of ID-Based Authenticated Key Agreement Protocols from Bilinear Pairings (Short Paper)
A Comparative Study of Privacy Mechanisms and a Novel Privacy Mechanism [Short Paper]
Time-Stealer: A Stealthy Threat for Virtualization Scheduler and Its Countermeasures
TagDroid: Hybrid SSL Certificate Verification in Android
Enhancing the Resistence of a Provably Secure Key Agreement Protocol to a Denial-of-Service Attack
Statically Defend Network Consumption Against Acker Failure Vulnerability in Storm
Detachable Electronic Coins
Volatile Memory Computer Forensics to Detect Kernel Level Compromise
Information and Communications Security - 26th International Conference, ICICS 2024, Mytilene, Greece, August 26-28, 2024, Proceedings, Part II
Clock Control Sequence Reconstruction in the Ciphertext Only Attack Scenario
Extension of Barreto-Voloch Root Extraction Method
Automatic Identification of Industrial Control Network Protocol Field Boundary Using Memory Propagation Tree
Don't Abandon the Primary Key: A High-Synchronization and Robust Virtual Primary Key Scheme for Watermarking Relational Databases
Behavior Analysis-Based Dynamic Trust Measurement Model
CyberRel: Joint Entity and Relation Extraction for Cybersecurity Concepts
Risks with Raw-Key Masking - The Security Evaluation of 2-Key XCBC
Consecutive S-box Lookups: A Timing Attack on SNOW 3G
Securing Mobile Access in Ubiquitous Networking via Non-roaming Agreement Protocol
Reflector Attack Traceback System with Pushback Based iTrace Mechanism
Efficient and Non-interactive Timed-Release Encryption
A SecureWorkflow Model Based on Distributed Constrained Role and Task Assignment for the Internet
PiXi: Password Inspiration by Exploring Information
An Active and Dynamic Botnet Detection Approach to Track Hidden Concept Drift
Practical Lattice-Based Fault Attack and Countermeasure on SM2 Signature Algorithm
SECUSIM: A Tool for the Cyber-Attack Simulation
SECapacity: A Secure Capacity Scheduler in YARN
SPTC: Signature-Based Cross-Protocol Encrypted Proxy Traffic Classification Approach
Examine Manipulated Datasets with Topology Data Analysis: A Case Study
DTGAN: Diverse-Task Generative Adversarial Networks for Intrusion Detection Systems Against Adversarial Examples
CryptoMask: Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition
Enhancing the Perceived Visual Quality of a Size Invariant Visual Cryptography Scheme
Generating Adversarial Point Clouds on Multi-modal Fusion Based 3D Object Detection Model
A Secure Route Optimization Mechanism for Expressive Internet Architecture (XIA) Mobility
A Note on a Privacy-Preserving Distance-Bounding Protocol
New Results of Breaking the CLS Scheme from ACM-CCS 2014
TSR-Jack: An In-Browser Crypto-Jacking Detection Method Based on Time Series Representation Learning
Threshold Public-Key Encryption with Adaptive Security and Short Ciphertexts
Automatic Demirci-Selçuk Meet-in-the-Middle Attack on SKINNY with Key-Bridging
Dynamic Hybrid Honeypot System Based Transparent Traffic Redirection Mechanism
Dealing with Uncertainties in Risk Analysis Using Belief Functions
Modelling Dependencies Between Classifiers in Mobile Masquerader Detection
A Privacy-Preserving Path-Checking Solution for RFID-Based Supply Chains
Multi-Source Stream Authentication Framework in Case of Composite MPEG-4 Stream
On the Security of Encryption Modes of MD4, MD5 and HAVAL
Cryptanalysis of Multi-Prime RSA with Small Prime Difference
Cheating Immune Secret Sharing
Applying Time-Memory-Data Trade-Off to Meet-in-the-Middle Attack
EquinoxBFT: BFT Consensus for Blockchain Emergency Governance
PolarKyber: Polished Kyber with Smaller Ciphertexts, Greater Security Redundancy, and Lower Decryption Failure Rate
Non-interactive Dynamic Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption without Random Oracles
Attacking and Fixing the CS Mode
Efficient Inner Product Encryption with Simulation-Based Security
Linking Differential Identifiability with Differential Privacy
Identity-Based Functional Encryption for Quadratic Functions from Lattices
Linear Secret Sharing with Divisible Shares
SCOPE: A Cross-Chain Supervision Scheme for Consortium Blockchains
A Cross-Modal CCA-Based Astroturfing Detection Approach
Cryptanalysis of PASS II and MiniPass
UzPhishNet Model for Phishing Detection
Vulnerability and Enhancement on Bluetooth Pairing and Link Key Generation Scheme for Security Modes 2 and 3
Privacy-Preserving, Secure and Certificate-Based Integrity Auditing for Cloud Storage
Detection and Diagnosis of Control Interception
Graph Unlearning Using Knowledge Distillation
A Multivariate Encryption Scheme with Rainbow
Evaluating the Effect of Tolerance on Click-Draw Based Graphical Password Scheme
New Construction of Code-Based Signature Schemes
Visual Cryptographic Protocols Using the Trusted Initializer
The Reductions for the Approximating Covering Radius Problem
Security Enhancement and Modular Treatment towards Authenticated Key Exchange
A Derivative of Digital Objects and Estimation of Default Risks in Electronic Commerce
A Trust-Based Robust and Efficient Searching Scheme for Peer-to-Peer Networks
A Unified Methodology for Verification and Synthesis of Firewall Configurations
Practical Range Proof for Cryptocurrency Monero with Provable Security
Efficient Software Implementation for Finite Field Multiplication in Normal Basis
Speaker Inference Detection Using Only Text
Secure Sketch and Fuzzy Extractor with Imperfect Randomness: An Information-Theoretic Study
An Operating System Design for the Security Architecture for Microprocessors
A Unified Security Framework for Multi-domain Wireless Mesh Networks
Differential Fault Analysis on CLEFIA
Rethinking Adversarial Examples Exploiting Frequency-Based Analysis
Application of Stylometry to DarkWeb Forum User Identification
TraceBFT: Backtracking-Based Pipelined Asynchronous BFT Consensus for High-Throughput Distributed Systems
Secure Guard: A Semantic-Based Jailbreak Prompt Detection Framework for Protecting Large Language Models
Certificate-Based Quasi-linearly Homomorphic Signatures: Definition, Construction, and Application to Data Integrity Auditing
On-Demand Allocation of Cryptographic Computing Resource with Load Prediction
An Experimental Study of Kannan's Embedding Technique for the Search LWE Problem
Publicly Verifiable Remote Data Integrity
Efficient and Fully Secure Lattice-Based IBE with Equality Test
rTLS: Lightweight TLS Session Resumption for Constrained IoT Devices
Two Efficient Tag-Based Encryption Schemes on Lattices
A Policy Based Framework for Access Control
CDAE: Towards Empowering Denoising in Side-Channel Analysis
How to Meet Big Data When Private Set Intersection Realizes Constant Communication Complexity
Attribute Based Key-Insulated Signatures with Message Recovery
QRL: A High Performance Quadruple-Rail Logic for Resisting DPA on FPGA Implementations
Zero-Knowledge Proofs of Possession of Digital Signatures and Its Applications
Secret-Public Storage Trade-Off for Broadcast Encryption Key Management
Flexible Attribute-Based Encryption
A Compact Digital Signature Scheme Based on the Module-LWR Problem
Compressive Sensing Image Steganography via Directional Lifting Wavelet Transform
Universal Designated Verifier Signature Without Delegatability
Efficient Implementation of Public Key Cryptosystems on Mote Sensors (Short Paper)
Black-Box Buster: A Robust Zero-Shot Transfer-Based Adversarial Attack Method
Estimating the Scalability of the Internet Key Exchange
EmuIoTNet: An Emulated IoT Network for Dynamic Analysis
A Compound Intrusion Detection Model
Analysis of Industrial Device Architectures for Real-Time Operations Under Denial of Service Attacks
Proactive Verifiable Linear Integer Secret Sharing Scheme
Unclonable Lightweight Authentication Scheme
CNN-Based Continuous Authentication on Smartphones with Auto Augmentation Search
HoneyLLM: A Large Language Model-Powered Medium-Interaction Honeypot
Information and Communications Security - 15th International Conference, ICICS 2013, Beijing, China, November 20-22, 2013. Proceedings
A Novel Approach for Untrusted Code Execution
A Trust-Based IDS for the AODV Protocol
IDS Interoperability and Correlation Using IDMEF and Commodity Systems
CyberNER-LLM: Cyber Threat Intelligence Named Entity Recognition With Large Language Model
Application of the PageRank Algorithm to Alarm Graphs
On a Network Security Model for the Secure Information Flow on Multilevel Secure Network
Pixel-Wise Reconstruction of Private Data in Split Federated Learning
Strategy of Relations Collection in Factoring RSA Modulus
Impact of Recurrent Neural Networks and Deep Learning Frameworks on Real-Time Lightweight Time Series Anomaly Detection
Identifying Unusual Personal Data in Mobile Apps for Better Privacy Compliance Check
SM2-VBKE: Achieving Cryptographic Binding Between Verification Integrity and Key Generation
Characterization of the Third Descent Points for the k-error Linear Complexity of 2^n 2 n -periodic Binary Sequences
Preventing Unofficial Information Propagation
Compact Adaptively Secure Identity-Based Encryption from Middle-Product Learning with Errors
Lightweight RFID Mutual Authentication Protocol against Feasible Problems
A New Key-Insulated Signature Scheme
Privacy-Preserving K-Hop Shortest Path Query on Encrypted Graphs Based on Graph Pruning
Automated Device Pairing for Asymmetric Pairing Scenarios
Bayesian-Adaptive Graph Neural Network for Anomaly Detection (BAGNN)
Link Prediction-Based Multi-Identity Recognition of Darknet Vendors
Computational learning theoretic cryptanalysis of language theoretic cryptosystems
KVT-Payload: Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Hierarchical Vulnerability Traffic Payload Generation
An ID Coding Scheme for Fingerprinting, Randomized c-Secure CRT Code
RustGuard: Detecting Rust Data Leak Issues with Context-Sensitive Static Taint Analysis
Multi-modal Datagram Representation with Spatial-Temporal State Space Models and Inter-flow Contrastive Learning for Encrypted Traffic Classification
Auth-SL - A System for the Specification and Enforcement of Quality-Based Authentication Policies
Hierarchical Simulation Model with Animation for Large Network Security
Method for Detecting Vulnerability to Doubling Attacks
Attribute-Based Adaptor Signature and Application in Control-Based Atomic Swap
On the Channel Capacity of Narrow-Band Subliminal Channels
A Certificateless Conditional Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Satellite Internet of Things
Audio Watermarking Algorithm Based on Centroid and Statistical Features
An Efficient Password-Only Two-Server Authenticated Key Exchange System
Leakage-Resilient Inner-Product Functional Encryption in the Bounded-Retrieval Model
Privacy Protection in Social Networks Using l-Diversity
Research on the Collusion Estimation
The De-anonymization Method Based on User Spatio-Temporal Mobility Trace
A Covert Channel Using Event Channel State on Xen Hypervisor
Experimental Comparisons of Verifiable Delay Functions
Fault tolerant anonymous channel
Secure Remote Execution of Sequential Computations
Attestation: Evidence and Trust
Multi-attribute Counterfeiting Tag Identification Protocol in Large-Scale RFID System
Toward Practical Anonymous Rerandomizable RCCA Secure Encryptions
Compact Hierarchical IBE from Lattices in the Standard Model
Zero-knowledge proofs of decision power: new protocols and optimal round-complexity
Information and Communications Security - 27th International Conference, ICICS 2025, Nanjing, China, October 29-31, 2025, Proceedings, Part I
Rotational-Linear Attack: A New Framework of Cryptanalysis on ARX Ciphers with Applications to Chaskey
A Robust Block Oriented Watermarking Scheme in Spatial Domain
Evaluation of the Image Degradation for a Typical Watermarking Algorithm in the Block-DCT Domain
Key Recovery Attack on Stream Cipher Mir-1 Using a Key-Dependent S-Box
Distance Lower Bounding
Dispatching Mobile Agents with Secure Routes in Parallel
Rectifying Administrated ERC20 Tokens
Information and Communications Security, 4th International Conference, ICICS 2002, Singapore, December 9-12, 2002, Proceedings
Macro-level Attention to Mobile Agent Security: Introducing the Mobile Agent Secure Hub Infrastructure Concept
The Fairness of Perfect Concurrent Signatures
A Linguistic Approach Towards Intrusion Detection in Actual Proxy Logs
Unbalanced Private Computation on Set Intersection with Reduced Computation and Communication
Analyzing the Security of OTP 2FA in the Face of Malicious Terminals
Provably Secure Identity-Based Identification and Signature Schemes with Parallel-PVR
An Efficient Public-Key Framework
Reducing Randomness Complexity of Mask Refreshing Algorithm
Impact of the Revocation Service in PKI Prices
Social-Aware and Quality-Driven Incentives for Mobile Crowd-Sensing with Two-Stage Game
MDKG: Module-Lattice-Based Distributed Key Generation
TA-PDC: Provable Data Contribution with Traceable Anonymous for Group Transactions
Information and Communications Security - 26th International Conference, ICICS 2024, Mytilene, Greece, August 26-28, 2024, Proceedings, Part I
A Love Affair Between Bias Amplifiers and Broken Noise Sources
Towards Open World Traffic Classification
A Hardware in the Loop Benchmark Suite to Evaluate NIST LWC Ciphers on Microcontrollers
Medical Record System Using Blockchain, Big Data and Tokenization
Solving Discrete Logarithm Problem in an Interval Using Periodic Iterates
Information and Communications Security - 25th International Conference, ICICS 2023, Tianjin, China, November 18-20, 2023, Proceedings
Group Behavior Metrics for P2P Botnet Detection
FPGA-Based Assessment of Midori and Gift Lightweight Block Ciphers
Redundancy, Obscurity, Self-Containment & Independence
PCA: Page Correlation Aggregation for Memory Deduplication in Virtualized Environments
Differentially Private Frequent Itemset Mining Against Incremental Updates
Cross-Domain Lattice-Based DAA Scheme with Shared Private-Key for Internet of Things System
DLchain: A Covert Channel over Blockchain Based on Dynamic Labels
Practical Evaluation Methodology of Higher-Order Maskings at Different Operating Frequencies
Towards Homograph-Confusable Domain Name Detection Using Dual-Channel CNN
A Private Lookup Protocol with Low Online Complexity for Secure Multiparty Computation
(Virtually) Free Randomization Techniques for Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Privacy Leakage via Attribute Inference in Directed Social Networks
A Semi-blind Watermarking Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform
Accelerating AES in JavaScript with WebGL
Robust, Privacy Protecting and Publicly Verifiable Sealed-Bid Auction
PAYFLUX - Secure Electronic Payment in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Side Channel Analysis of Some Hash Based MACs: A Response to SHA-3 Requirements
Privacy-Aware Split Learning Based Energy Theft Detection for Smart Grids
Efficient construction of secure hyperelliptic discrete logarithm problems
International Cryptography (Abstract)
AGE: Authentication Graph Embedding for Detecting Anomalous Login Activities
Issues in the Design of a Language for Role Based Access Control
Security Analysis of Even-Mansour Structure Hash Functions
Permission-Based Abnormal Application Detection for Android
Deep Packet Inspection with Delayed Signature Matching in Network Auditing
Left-to-Right Signed-Bit tau -Adic Representations of n Integers (Short Paper)
Algebraic Description and Simultaneous Linear Approximations of Addition in Snow 2.0.
On the Linear Complexity of the Naor-Reingold Pseudo-Random Function
Generation and Tate Pairing Computation of Ordinary Elliptic Curves with Embedding Degree One
Slop: Towards an Efficient and Universal Streaming Log Parser
Certified Malware in South Korea: A Localized Study of Breaches of Trust in Code-Signing PKI Ecosystem
A New Variant of Time Memory Trade-Off on the Improvement of Thing and Ying's Attack
Outsourcing Encryption of Attribute-Based Encryption with MapReduce
The Golden Snitch: A Byzantine Fault Tolerant Protocol with Activity
Defeat Information Leakage from Browser Extensions via Data Obfuscation
Attack Trees in Isabelle
Finding Missing Security Operation Bugs via Program Slicing and Differential Check
Authenticated Group Key Agreement Protocol Without Pairing
Two-Round Post-quantum Private Equality Test and OT from RLWE-Encryption
Information and Communication Security, Second International Conference, ICICS'99, Sydney, Australia, November 9-11, 1999, Proceedings
Transient Fault Induction Attacks on XTR
A Variant of Boyen-Waters Anonymous IBE Scheme
Enhancing Java ME Security Support with Resource Usage Monitoring
Modified Power-Analysis Attacks on XTR and an Efficient Countermeasure
How to Vote Privately Using Bitcoin
Collecting Autonomous Spreading Malware Using High-Interaction Honeypots
Fully Secure IBE with Tighter Reduction in Prime Order Bilinear Groups
Threshold Implementations Against Side-Channel Attacks and Glitches
Generic Construction of Audit Logging Schemes with Forward Privacy and Authenticity
TH-SMS: Security Management System in Advanced Computational Infrastructure
The Risks of Compromising Secret Information
An Optimized Multi-bits Blind Watermarking Scheme
Not only Spatial, but Also Spectral: Unnoticeable Backdoor Attack on 3D Point Clouds
A Polynomial-Time Attack on G2SIDH
Personalized Federated Learning Algorithm Based on User Grouping and Group Signatures
Achieving Full Security for Lattice-Based Group Signatures with Verifier-Local Revocation
A Versatile Decentralized Attribute Based Signature Scheme for IoT
SPCD: A Shot-Based Partial Copy Detection Method
Location Privacy Policy Management System
TranFuzz: An Ensemble Black-Box Attack Framework Based on Domain Adaptation and Fuzzing
Maliciously Secure Multi-party PSI with Lower Bandwidth and Faster Computation
ECDSA on Things: IoT Integrity Protection in Practise
Reversible Watermark with Large Capacity Using the Predictive Coding
Robust and Fragile Watermarking Techniques for Documents Using Bi-directional Diagonal Profiles
Unconditionally Secure Oblivious Transfer Based on Channel Delays
WSLD: Detecting Unknown Webshell Using Fuzzy Matching and Deep Learning
New Certificateless Public Key Encryption Secure Against Malicious KGC Attacks in the Standard Model
Software Obfuscation with Non-Linear Mixed Boolean-Arithmetic Expressions
Boudot's Range-Bounded Commitment Scheme Revisited
Towards a Trusted and Privacy Preserving Membership Service in Distributed Ledger Using Intel Software Guard Extensions
The Security of Individual Bit for XTR
TSM-Trust: A Time-Cognition Based Computational Model for Trust Dynamics
Privacy-Preserving Decentralized Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption with Fully Hidden Access Structure
Online/Offline Ring Signature Scheme
Integral Attacks on Reduced-Round PRESENT
Malware Detection with Limited Supervised Information via Contrastive Learning on API Call Sequences
HIAWare: Speculate Handwriting on Mobile Devices with Built-In Sensors
Anonymous End to End Encryption Group Messaging Protocol Based on Asynchronous Ratchet Tree
Frequent Itemset Mining with Differential Privacy Based on Transaction Truncation
Sound Approximations to Diffie-Hellman Using Rewrite Rules
Secure and Efficient Two-Factor Authentication Protocol Using RSA Signature for Multi-server Environments
On Asymptotic Security Estimates in XL and Gröbner Bases-Related Algebraic Cryptanalysis
A Practical Scheme for Data Secure Transport in VoIP Conferencing
Witness-Indistinguishable Arguments with ∑-Protocols for Bundled Witness Spaces and Its Application to Global Identities
Moat: Model Agnostic Defense against Targeted Poisoning Attacks in Federated Learning
An Efficient Information Flow Analysis of Recursive Programs Based on a Lattice Model of Security Classes
Low Complexity Bit Serial Systolic Multipliers over GF(2 m ) for Three Classes of Finite Fields
A Lattice Based General Blind Watermark Scheme
Policy-Controlled Signatures
Digital signature and public key cryptosystems in a prime order subgroup of Z n *
A New General Method of Searching for Cubes in Cube Attacks
Audio Steganalysis Based on Lossless Data-Compression Techniques
Study on Advanced Botnet Based on Publicly Available Resources
A Distributed Privacy Protection Method for Crowd Sensing Based on Trust Evaluation
Security Analysis of Alignment-Robust Cancelable Biometric Scheme for Iris Verification
Traceable visual cryptography
A Multi-Group Signature Scheme from Lattices
Improved Differential-ML Distinguisher: Machine Learning Based Generic Extension for Differential Analysis
Enforcing Obligation with Security Monitors
Efficient Private Multiset ID Protocols
Towards Efficient Re-encryption for Secure Client-Side Deduplication in Public Clouds
A Novel Pyramidal Dual-Tree Directional Filter Bank Domain Color Image Watermarking Algorithm
Cryptanalysis of the Improved User Efficient Blind Signatures
A language for specifying sequences of authorization transformations and its applications
Efficient Publicly Verifiable Secret Sharing Schemes with Fast or Delayed Recovery
Efficient eCK-Secure Authenticated Key Exchange Protocols in the Standard Model
A Transparent Learning Approach for Attack Prediction Based on User Behavior Analysis
Towards Real-Time Hidden Speaker Recognition by Means of Fully Homomorphic Encryption
New Construction of Group Secret Handshakes Based on Pairings
On Delegatability of Four Designated Verifier Signatures
Cryptography and Middleware Security
Secure Set Membership Using 3Sat
On Tightly-Secure (Linkable) Ring Signatures
Dynamic Access Control for Multi-privileged Group Communications
Point Intervention: Improving ACVP Test Vector Generation Through Human Assisted Fuzzing
A Topological Condition for Solving Fair Exchange in Byzantine Environments
Detecting Encryption Functions via Process Emulation and IL-Based Program Analysis
Efficient Multi-authorizer Accredited Symmetrically Private Information Retrieval
Bring Efficient Connotation Expressible Policies to Trust Management
Profile Matching Across Online Social Networks
Optimal Construction of Unconditionally Secure ID-Based Key Sharing Scheme for Large-Scale Networks
Accelerating Integer Based Fully Homomorphic Encryption Using Frequency Domain Multiplication
DRoT: A Decentralised Root of Trust for Trusted Networks
Privacy-Preserving Disease Risk Test Based on Bloom Filters
Permutation-Based Cryptanalysis of the SCARF Block Cipher and Its Randomness Evaluation
Quantifying Information Leakage in Tree-Based Hash Protocols (Short Paper)
ODDITY: An Ensemble Framework Leverages Contrastive Representation Learning for Superior Anomaly Detection
New Weak-Key Classes of IDEA
Applying Time-Bound Hierarchical Key Assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks
Broadcast Encryption Schemes Based on the Sectioned Key Tree
A Novel Deep Ensemble Framework for Online Signature Verification Using Temporal and Spatial Representation
The Linear Complexity and 2-Error Linear Complexity Distribution of 2^n 2 n -Periodic Binary Sequences with Fixed Hamming Weight
Mdaak: A Flexible and Efficient Framework for Direct Anonymous Attestation on Mobile Devices
Fingerprinting Attack on the Tor Anonymity System
SADGA: A Self Attention GAN-Based Adversarial DGA with High Anti-detection Ability
An Adversarial Attack Based on Multi-objective Optimization in the Black-Box Scenario: MOEA-APGA II
Machine Learning for Black-Box Fuzzing of Network Protocols
FuzzBoost: Reinforcement Compiler Fuzzing
XOR Based Non-monotone t- (k, n)^* -Visual Cryptographic Schemes Using Linear Algebra
ID-Based Distributed "Magic Ink" Signature from Pairings