Routing has become an important challenge to Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) from the standpoint of supporting multimedia applications due to the constraints on energy and computational capabilities of sensor nodes, and acquiring of the global network knowledge for disseminating packets to nodes. In this paper, we propose an online multipath routing protocol for use in WMSNs. The proposed protocol uses sensor nodes' positions to make packet-forwarding decisions at each hop. These decisions are made in real-time, in such a way that there is no need for having the knowledge about the entire network topology. This new routing protocol achieves load-balancing of traffic and minimizes energy consumption among nodes by using: (1) smart greedy forwarding scheme based on adaptive compass for selecting the most appropriate next hop for forwarding the traffic and (2) walking back forwarding scheme to bypass network holes. Performance comparison of the proposed protocols with Two-Phase Geographical Greedy Forwarding (TPGF) and Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) shows that they: (a) maximize the overall network lifespan by not draining energy from some specific nodes, (b) provide quality of service delivery for video streams by influencing the best node along the route to destination, and (c) scale better in densely deployed wireless sensors network.
S. Medjiah, T. Ahmed, and A. H. Asgari REF propose an online multipath routing protocol that uses nodes' positions to make forwarding decisions at each hop.
Streaming multimedia over WMSNs: an online multipath routing protocol
International Journal of Sensor Networks 11, 1 (2012) 10-21
Computer Science