We propose a novel linear minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) precoder design for a downlink (DL) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) scenario. For economical and computational efficiency reasons low resolution 1-bit digital-to-analog (DAC) and analog-to-digital (ADC) converters are used. This comes at the cost of performance gain that can be recovered by the large number of antennas deployed at the base station (BS) and an appropiate precoder design to mitigate the distortions due to the coarse quantization. The proposed precoder takes the quantization non-linearities into account and is split into a digital precoder and an analog precoder. We formulate the two-stage precoding problem such that the MSE of the users is minimized under the 1-bit constraint. In the simulations, we compare the new optimized precoding scheme with previously proposed linear precoders in terms of uncoded bit error ratio (BER).
In REF , an LMMSE precoder was proposed by taking the quantization non-linearities into account, and different precoding schemes were compared in terms of uncoded bit error rate.
MMSE precoder for massive MIMO using 1-bit quantization
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Computer Science Mathematics