This paper proposes a novel method to estimate the head yaw rotations based on the asymmetry of 2-D facial appearance. In traditional appearance-based pose estimation methods, features are typically extracted holistically by subspace analysis such as principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), etc., which are not designed to directly model the pose variations. In this paper, we argue and reveal that the asymmetry in the intensities of each row of the face image is closely relevant to the yaw rotation of the head and, at the same time, evidently insensitive to the identity of the input face. Specifically, to extract the asymmetry information, 1-D Gabor filters and Fourier transform are exploited. LDA is further applied to the asymmetry features to enhance the discrimination ability. By using the simple nearest centroid classifier, experimental results on two multipose databases show that the proposed features outperform other features. In particular, the generalization of the proposed asymmetry features is verified by the impressive performance when the training and the testing data sets are heterogeneous. Index Terms-Fourier transform, Gabor filters, head yaw estimation, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), nearest centroid (NC) classifier.
Ma et al. analyzed the asymmetry of the facial image by using a Fourier transform to estimate the driver's continuous yaw REF .
Head Yaw Estimation From Asymmetry of Facial Appearance
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)
Computer Science Medicine