Abstract An experimental campaign was undertaken to measure the pedestrian flow in the region close to the Kaaba during the Hajj pilgrimages of 2014 and 2015. High resolution video and photographs were used. The space was divided into areas of 10 m 2 . The pedestrians were counted, and the velocity measured from video clips. The results were surprising: the velocity in the very high density region increases, which implies also an increase of the flux. The flux in this region (with more than 8 p/m 2 ) reaches values that exceed 3.5 p/m/s, much higher than previously recorded under more 'standard conditions' in corridors and passages.
Lohner et al. REF analyzed the recorders of Hajj pilgrimages in 2014 and 2015 and found that the velocity in very high density crowds increases, which is inconsistent with the fundamental diagram.
Fundamental Diagrams for Specific Very High Density Crowds
Collective Dynamics
Collective Dynamics
Physics