We examine effects that empty categories have on machine translation. Empty categories are elements in parse trees that lack corresponding overt surface forms (words) such as dropped pronouns and markers for control constructions. We start by training machine translation systems with manually inserted empty elements. We find that inclusion of some empty categories in training data improves the translation result. We expand the experiment by automatically inserting these elements into a larger data set using various methods and training on the modified corpus. We show that even when automatic prediction of null elements is not highly accurate, it nevertheless improves the end translation result.
More specifically to Chinese, REF examine the effects that empty categories have on MT with a specific focus on dropped pronouns (little *pro*) and control constructions (big *PRO*) .
Effects of Empty Categories on Machine Translation
EMNLP
Computer Science