Streaming 360°videos requires more bandwidth than non-360°v ideos. This is because current solutions assume that users perceive the quality of 360°videos in the same way they perceive the quality of non-360°videos. This means the bandwidth demand must be proportional to the size of the user's field of view. However, we found several quality-determining factors unique to 360°videos, which can help reduce the bandwidth demand. They include the moving speed of a user's viewpoint (center of the user's field of view), the recent change of video luminance, and the difference in depth-of-fields of visual objects around the viewpoint. This paper presents Pano, a 360°video streaming system that leverages the 360°video-specific factors. We make three contributions. (1) We build a new quality model for 360°videos that captures the impact of the 360°video-specific factors. (2) Pano proposes a variable-sized tiling scheme in order to strike a balance between the perceived quality and video encoding efficiency. (3) Pano proposes a new quality-adaptation logic that maximizes 360°video user-perceived quality and is readily deployable. Our evaluation (based on user study and trace analysis) shows that compared with state-of-the-art techniques, Pano can save 41-46% bandwidth without any drop in the perceived quality, or it can raise the perceived quality (user rating) by 25%-142% without using more bandwidth.
Yu Guan et al. REF build a new quality model that leverages three 360 • video-specific factors.
Pano: optimizing 360° video streaming with a better understanding of quality perception
SIGCOMM '19
Computer Science