"In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty years, initially in collaboration with J.C. Shaw at the RAND Corporation, and subsequently with numerous faculty and student colleague{ at Carnegie-Mellon University, tlney have made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing. "In artificial intelligence, they contributed to the establishment of the field as an area of scientific endeavor, to the development of heuristic programming generally, and of heuristic search, meansends analysis, and methods of induction, in particular; providing demonstrations of tile sufI~,ciency of these mechanisms to solve interesting problems. "In psychology, they were principal instigators of the idea that human cognition can be described in terms of a symbol system, and they have developed detailed theories fbr human problem solving, verbal learning and inductive behavior in a number of task domains, using computer programs embodying these theories to simulate tile human behavior, "They were apparently the inventors of list processing, and have been major contributors to both software technology and the development of the concept of tlne computer as a system of manipulating symbolic structures and not just as a processor of numerical data. "It is an honor tbr Professors Newell and Simon to be given this award, but it is also an honor for ACM to be able to add their names to our list of recipients, since by their presence, they will add to the prestige and importance of the ACM Turing Award." Allen Newel1 and Herbert A. Simon C o m p u t e r science is the study of the p h e n o m e n a s u r r o u n d i n g c o m p u t e r s . The founders of this society understood this very well when they called themselves the A s s o c i a t i o n for C o m p u t i n g M a c h i n e r y . T h e machine---not j u s t the h a r d w a r e , but the p r o g r a m m e d , living m a c h i n e --i s the o r g a n i s m we study. This is the tenth T u r i n g Lecture. The nine persons who preceded us on this p l a t f o r m have presented nine different views of c o m p u t e r science. F o r our organism, the machine, can be studied at m a n y levels and from m a n y sides. W e are d e e p l y h o n o r e d to a p p e a r lhere today and to present yet a n o t h e r view, the one that has permeated the scientific w o r k for which we have been
Newell and Simon REF also supported a symbolic approach.
Computer science as empirical inquiry: symbols and search
CACM
Computer Science