ABSTRACT Due to a battery constraint in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), prolonging their lifetime is important. Energy-efficient routing techniques for WSNs play a great role in doing so. In this paper, we articulate this problem and classify current routing protocols for WSNs into two categories according to their orientation toward either homogeneous or heterogeneous WSNs. They are further classified into static and mobile ones. We give an overview of these protocols in each category by summarizing their characteristics, limitations, and applications. Finally, some open issues in energy-efficient routing protocol design for WSNs are indicated. INDEX TERMS Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy-efficient routing protocol, internet of things.
Yan et al. REF discussed the energy-efficient routing problem and classify routing protocols of WSNs into two types according to their orientation toward either homogeneous or heterogeneous WSNs.
Recent Advances in Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review
IEEE Access
IEEE Access
Computer Science