GHz radioover-fiber (RoF). Eight multi-carriers separated by 25 GHz intervals were generated in the range of 193.025 to 193.200 THz using a microring resonator (MRR) system incorporating an add-drop filter system. All optically generated multi-carriers were utilized in an integrated system of WDM-PON-RoF for transmission of four 43.6 Gb/sec orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. Results showed that an acceptable BER variation for different path lengths up to 25 km was achievable for all four access points and thus the transmission of four OFDM channels is feasible for a 25 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) path length. Increasing demands for video-based interactive and multimedia services drive requirements for very large bandwidths and high data rates in next-generation access networks. In this regard, the 100 GHz radio over fiber (RoF) system with an associated low cost and high transmission performance is introduced as a promising technique to satisfy the bandwidth requirements for delivering multi Gb/s services to substantial numbers of users in optical and wireless access systems 1 . Using RoF technology allows for the possibility to replace expensive broadband electronics with all-optical signal processing functions, one example being optical millimeter wavelength (MMW) generation in base stations (BSs). However, a major disadvantage of 100 GHz MMW signals lies in access convergence being limited to short distances of less than 10 meters due to high atmospheric loss 2, 3 . Apart from RoF, cost-effective wavelength division multiplexed-passive optical networks (WDM-PON) are able to support several local subscribers in wired access networks. WDM-PON has several advantages such as large data bandwidth (high capacity), large coverage range, enhanced security, upgradeability, and scalability [4] [5] [6] . In order to increase the capacity and coverage area of the 100 GHz RoF access networks, integration with WDM-PON provides a very appealing solution such that the integrated system of WDM-PON-RoF can be considered as an auspicious scheme to distribute wired and wireless services simultaneously. Several recent reports on WDM-PON-RoF systems were mainly focused on different means of modulation [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] , or they are only designed for the downstream link, i.e. without upstream link, in an ROF system 13, 14 . While such innovations have enhanced the integrated system, less effort has been spent on providing more access points (APs) for users in optical network units (ONUs) since the number of ONUs is limited in a PON 15 . In the WDM-PON-RoF architecture, the number of APs that can be provided is based on optical multi-carrier generation in optical line terminal (OLT). There have been several techniques
Novel technique for an increase of access points in a WDM-PON network integrated in a 100 GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF) was described by researchers in REF .
Increment of Access Points in Integrated System of Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network Radio over Fiber
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