This paper examines the main approaches and challenges in the design and implementation of underwater wireless sensor networks. We summarize key applications and the main phenomena related to acoustic propagation, and discuss how they affect the design and operation of communication systems and networking protocols at various layers. We also provide an overview of communications hardware, testbeds and simulation tools available to the research community.
Research advances and challenges in underwater sensor networks with acoustic communications were summarized in REF .
Underwater sensor networks: applications, advances and challenges
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Medicine Physics