Major cloud providers such as Microsoft, Google, Facebook and Amazon rely heavily on datacenters to support the ever-increasing demand for their computational and application services. However, the financial and carbon footprint related costs of running such large infrastructure negatively impacts the sustainability of cloud services. Most of existing efforts primarily focus on minimizing the energy consumption of servers. In this paper, we devise a conceptual model and practical design guidelines for holistic management of all resources (including servers, networks, storage, cooling systems) to improve the energy efficiency and reduce carbon footprints in Cloud Data Centers (CDCs). Furthermore, we discuss the intertwined relationship between energy and reliability for sustainable cloud computing, where we highlight the associated research issues. Finally, we propose a set of future research directions in the field and setup grounds for further practical developments.  The cloud computing paradigm offers on-demand, subscription-oriented services over the Internet to host applications and process user workloads. To ensure the availability and reliability of the services, the components of Cloud Data Centers (CDCs) such as network devices, storage devices and servers should be run 24/7. Large amounts of data are created by digital activities such as data streaming, file sharing, searching and social networking websites, e-commerce, sensor networks that data can be stored as well as processed efficiently using cloud datacenters [1] . However, creating, processing, and storing each bit of data adds to the energy cost, increases carbon footprints, and further impacts the environment [2] . Due to the large consumption of electricity by CDCs, the community is facing the challenge of sustainable energy economy. The amount of energy consumed by the CDCs is increasing regularly as shown in Figure 1 and it is expected to be 8000 Tera Watt hours (TWh) by 2030 [3] . Moreover, existing energy-aware techniques mainly focus on reducing the energy consumption of the servers [4] . The other components (networks, storage, memory and cooling systems) of CDCs are consuming huge amount of energy. To improve energy efficiency of CDC, there is a need for energy-aware resource management technique for management of all the resources (including servers, storage, memory, networks, and cooling systems) in a
In order to improve the energy efficiency and reduce carbon emission, a conceptual model and practical design guidelines for cloud resource management have been devised by REF .
Sustainable Cloud Computing: Foundations and Future Directions
Business Technology&Digital Transformation Strategies, Cutter Consortium, EXECUTIVE UPDATE, Vol. 21, no. 6, Pages 1-9, 2018
Computer Science