This survey's goal is primarily to provide a study of existing web modeling languages having as specific focus the model-driven development of UWAs. In particular, the focus is on design level concepts for modeling customization as well as on tool support for the model-driven development of UWAs. As a consequence, other possible strengths of the approaches under investigation that lie beyond customization, e.g., support for workflow-based web applications, will not be considered herein. With respect to the selection of evaluation candidates, in literature, several well-established and well-published web modeling languages having different origins and pursuing different goals can be found. In Schwinger et al. 2006 , a categorization of fourteen approaches into data-oriented, hypertext-oriented, object-oriented, and software-oriented web modeling approaches has been proposed (cf. Figure 1) . Underlying Modeling Language HDM
An evaluation of different web modeling approaches can be found in REF .
A Survey on Web Modeling Approaches for Ubiquitous Web Applications
IJWIS
IJWIS
Computer Science