The goal of this paper is to determine the spatio-temporal location of actions in video. Where training from hard to obtain box annotations is the norm, we propose an intuitive and effective algorithm that localizes actions from their class label only. We are inspired by recent work showing that unsupervised action proposals selected with human pointsupervision perform as well as using expensive box annotations. Rather than asking users to provide point supervision, we propose fully automatic visual cues that replace manual point annotations. We call the cues pseudo-annotations, introduce five of them, and propose a correlation metric for automatically selecting and combining them. Thorough evaluation on challenging action localization datasets shows that we reach results comparable to results with full box supervision. We also show that pseudo-annotations can be leveraged during testing to improve weakly-and strongly-supervised localizers.
Mettes et al. REF introduce five cues, i.e., action proposal, object proposal, person detection, motion, and center bias, for action-aware PA generation and a correlation metric for automatically selecting and combining them.
Localizing Actions from Video Labels and Pseudo-Annotations
ArXiv
ArXiv
Computer Science