Abstract-Vehicular communication is characterized by a dynamic environment, high mobility, and comparatively low antenna heights on the communicating entities (vehicles and roadside units). These characteristics make the vehicular propagation and channel modeling particularly challenging. In this survey paper, we classify and describe the most relevant vehicular propagation and channel models, with a particular focus on the usability of the models for the evaluation of protocols and applications. We first classify the models based on the propagation mechanisms they employ and their implementation approach. We also classify the models based on the channel properties they implement, where we pay special attention to the usability of the models, including the complexity of implementation, scalability, and the input requirements (e.g., geographical data input). We also discuss the less-explored aspects in the vehicular channel modeling, including modeling specific environments (e.g., tunnels, overpasses, parking lots) and types of communicating vehicles (e.g., scooters, public transportation vehicles). We conclude the paper by identifying the under-researched aspects of the vehicular propagation and channel modeling that require further modeling and measurement studies.
Traditional vehicular communication technologies are characterized by the high mobility of the communicating nodes and various types of environments REF .
Vehicular Communications: Survey and Challenges of Channel and Propagation Models
IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 55 - 66, June 2015
Engineering Computer Science