ABSTRACT This paper studies the base station (BS) spatial distributions across different scenarios in urban, rural, and coastal zones, based on real BS deployment data sets obtained from two European countries (i.e., Italy and Croatia). Basically, this paper takes into account different representative statistical distributions to characterize the probability density function of the BS spatial density, including Poisson, generalized Pareto, Weibull, lognormal, and α-Stable. Based on a thorough comparison with real data sets, our results clearly assess that the α-Stable distribution is the most accurate one among the other candidates in urban scenarios. This finding is confirmed across different sample area sizes, operators, and cellular technologies (GSM/UMTS/LTE). On the other hand, the lognormal and Weibull distributions tend to fit better the real ones in rural and coastal scenarios. We believe that the results of this paper can be exploited to derive fruitful guidelines for BS deployment in a cellular network design, providing various network performance metrics, such as coverage probability, transmission success probability, throughput, and delay.
Taking different scenarios into account, REF claimed that the log-normal and Weibull distributions were the more precise ones to fit the real BS deployments in rural and coastal scenarios, respectively.
What is the Best Spatial Distribution to Model Base Station Density? A Deep Dive into Two European Mobile Networks
IEEE Access
IEEE Access
Computer Science