Managing cardiac disease and abnormal heart rate variability remain challenging problems with an enormous economic and psychological impact worldwide. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to introduce a fractal approach to pacemaker design based on the constrained finite horizon optimal control problem. This is achieved by modeling the heart rate dynamics via fractional differential equations. Also, by using calculus of variations, we show that the constrained finite horizon optimal control problem can be reduced to solving a linear system. Finally, we discuss the hardware complexity involved in the practical implementation of fractal controllers. Cyber-physical systems, fractional calculus,  optimal control, model predictive control, fractal behavior, nonstationary behavior, heart rate variability. I. 1 An artificial pacemaker senses the heartbeats and triggers electrical impulses to the heart in order to regulate the heart rhythm [24]. 2012 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems 978-0-7695-4695-7/12 $26.00 Keywords -
In order to manage abnormal heart rate and cardiac diseases variability, authors in REF have proposed a fractal technique for pacemaker design using a constrained horizon optimal controller issue.
Implantable Pacemakers Control and Optimization via Fractional Calculus Approaches: A Cyber-Physical Systems Perspective
2012 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems
2012 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems
Computer Science