ABSTRACT The ultra-dense network (UDN) is one of the most promising technologies in the fifth generation (5G) to address the network system capacity issue. However, it is a new challenge that the user equipment (UE) secure access UDN composed of the access points (APs) which characterized with autonomy, temporary, and dynamic. In 5G UDN, the APs are independent and equal. The UDN can be regarded as a decentralized access network. Compared with the traditional base station, the AP has a smaller coverage. There has an issue that the interaction between the UE and APs will be more frequent when UE moves. However, the existing 4G authentication and key agreement algorithm cannot adapt to this fast and frequent authentication requirement. If the UE moves smoothly in a trusted APs group (APG) without frequent authentication, this problem will be solved very well. In order to achieve this goal, we propose a security authentication scheme of 5G UDN based on the block chaining technologies. In this paper, an APG-PBFT algorithm based on the block chaining technology with Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm is proposed. In the algorithm, the consensus mechanism will be optimized and a new reverse screening method will be embedded. In our solution, a trusted chain APG can be generated with APs by APG-PBFT algorithm, and the authentication results can be shared in the APG using the blockchain message propagation mechanism. The principle of fast authentication with APG-PBFT algorithm is present in this paper. The scheme can reduce the authentication frequency when UE moves among the APs and improve the access efficiency. Finally, we analyze the performance of APG-PBFT algorithm and compare it with the traditional PBFT algorithm. The simulation results show that the APG-PBFT algorithm can improve the APG generation efficiency and reduce the authentication frequency of UE, which will be valuably applied to the UDN environment. INDEX TERMS Ultra-dense network, block chain, access point group, Byzantine fault tolerance.
in a 5G ultra-dense network REF by using an optimised Practical BFT (PBFT) consensus protocol called APG-PBFT.
A Security Authentication Scheme of 5G Ultra-Dense Network Based on Block Chain
IEEE Access
IEEE Access
Computer Science