Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been widely used to capture and down-link real-time videos/images. However, their role as a low-cost airborne platform for capturing high-resolution, geo-referenced still imagery has not been fully utilized. The images obtained from UAV are advantageous over remote sensing images as they can be obtained at a low cost and potentially no risk to human life. However, these images are distorted due to the noise generated by the rotary wings which limits the usefulness of such images. One potential application of such images is to detect changes between the images of the same area which are collected over time. Change detection is of widespread interest due to a large number of applications, including surveillance and civil infrastructure. Although UAVs can provide images with high resolution in a portable and easy way, such images only cover small parts of the entire field of interest and are often with high deformation. Until now, there is not much application of change detection for UAV images. Also the traditional pixel-based change detection method does not give satisfactory results for such images. In this paper, we have proposed a novel object-based method for change detection using UAV images which can overcome the effect of deformation and can fully utilize the high resolution capability of UAV images. The developed method can be divided into five main blocks: pre-processing, image matching, image segmentation and feature extraction, change detection and accuracy evaluation. The pre-processing step is further divided into two sub-steps: the first sub-step is to geometrically correct the bi-temporal image based on the geo-reference information (GPS/INS) installed on the UAV system, and the second sub-step is the radiometric normalization using a histogram method. The image matching block uses the well-known scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm to match the same areas in the images and then resample them. The image segmentation and feature extraction block is used to separate the images to different meaningful regions by the mean shift method, extract the textural features and contextual features (polygon, circle, etc.) and refine them to a closed region by a fitting method. Based on the features extracted above as well as the colour information of the area, the change is detected by a hierarchical method. The proposed method is being tested by using multi-temporal images acquired by UAV. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have many advantages over traditional manned aircrafts or some other remote sensor platforms. For example, UAVs are low cost platforms and can work without consideration of human factors by using an autoremote control flight mode. They can be easily implemented for high-risk and high-tech missions and do not require permission from airspace control for low-altitude flights in most countries. UAVs can also provide high resolution images and precise positioning/orientation data from the on board GPS/GNSS and INS navigation sensors. These characteristics enable the UAV platform to be an effective supplement way to the traditional satellite and manned-plane remote sensing. Although the UAVs can provide images with high resolution in a portable and easy way, their role as a low-cost airborne platform for capturing high-resolution, geo-referenced still imagery has not been fully utilized. One potential application of such images is the ability to detect changes between images of the same area over time. Change detection is of widespread interest due to a large number of applications including surveillance and civil infrastructure. Until now, there are not many applications of change detection for UAV images. This is due to the fact that UAV images are often distorted due to the noise generated by the rotary wings, which makes it difficult to analyse such imagery, and also the images only cover small parts of the interesting areas. Therefore an automated method capable of managing large data is of potential benefit.
Shi et al. REF combined feature points with segmentation results to perform image-based change detection, and the image registration between two dates was done through a projective transformation.
OBJECT-BASED CHANGE DETECTION USING GEOREFERENCED UAV IMAGES
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Geography