A smart grid (SG) has attracted great attention due to recent environmental problems. SG technologies enable users, such as energy system operators and consumers, to reduce energy consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases, by changing energy infrastructure more efficiently. As a part of the SG, home energy management system (HEMS) has become increasingly important, because energy consumption of a residential sector accounts for a significant amount of total energy consumption. However, a conventional HEMS has some architectural limitations on scalability, reusability, and interoperability. Furthermore, the cost of implementation of a HEMS is very expensive, which leads to the disturbance of the spread of a HEMS. Therefore, this paper proposes an Internet of Things-(IoT-) based HEMS with lightweight photovoltaic (PV) system over dynamic home area networks (DHANs), which enables the construction of a HEMS to be more scalable, reusable, and interoperable. We suggest the techniques for reducing the cost of the HEMS with various perspectives on system, network, and middleware architecture. We designed and implemented the proposed HEMS and conducted a experiment to verify the performance of the proposed system. Medium-scale PV system Compact substation Energy management center Concentrator Household PV system EV charge spot Green home Figure 1: Future green village. an energy source from either the power grid or household PV system, according to the amount of household power demand, and manage the energy consumption of loads. Therefore, the HEMS is an essential technology in smart grid, in achieving the grid stabilization of a grid-connected PV system, and the efficient energy consumption of household loads. However, a conventional HEMS has some architectural limitations. In respect of network topology, the HAN consists of various end nodes and fixed gateways (GWs) that are connected through wired or wireless communications [2, [8] [9] [10] . The static network topology of conventional HEMS ensures the reliability of data transmission. However, the fixed and static network topology is lacking in system scalability, and the preinstalled GWs inevitably increase costs of installation. Furthermore, most existing PV systems only perform a role in production of energy. In order to perform the sophisticated functions such as deterioration diagnosis, it is necessary to install additional servers (virtual or physical). Finally, such system architecture leads to the result that scalability and usability are reduced. In addition, the components for constructing the HEMS (such as home appliances, GWs, PV systems, and ESSs) are not compatible between companies, because protocols have been not yet fully standardized, which lowers interoperability. Furthermore, in respect of energy management service, existing systems mainly focus on saving energy. For example, in order to save energy, the air conditioner increases the reference temperature. These systems do not take into account the user's satisfaction. Therefore, we attempt to solve these limitations with the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm and related technologies. This paper proposes an IoT-based HEMS with lightweight PV system over dynamic home area networks (DHANs), which enables the construction of a HEMS to be more scalable, reusable, and interoperable.
In REF , Internet of Things (IoT)-based home vitality the executives framework proposed with lightweight photovoltaic (PV) framework over powerful home territory systems, which bolsters the development of home scalable, reusable, and interoperable energy management method.
An IoT-Based Home Energy Management System over Dynamic Home Area Networks
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Computer Science