Wireless sensor networks constitute a powerful technology especially suitable for 10 environmental monitoring. With regard to wildfires, in particular, they enable low-cost fine-11 grained surveillance of hazardous locations like wildland urban interfaces. This paper presents 12 the work developed during the last four years targeting a vision-enabled wireless sensor network 13 node for the reliable, early on-site detection of forest fires. The tasks carried out ranged from 14 devising a robust vision algorithm for smoke detection to the design and physical 15 implementation of a power-efficient smart imager tailored to the characteristics of such an 16 algorithm. By integrating this smart imager with a commercial wireless platform, we endowed 17 the resulting system with vision capabilities and radio communication. Numerous tests were 18 arranged in different natural scenarios in order progressively to tune all the parameters involved 19 in the autonomous operation of this prototype node. The latest test carried out, involving the 20 prescribed burning of a 95m×20m shrub plot, has confirmed the high degree of reliability of our 21 approach in terms of both successful early detection and very low false alarm rate. 22 23 2 Brief summary: This paper presents a vision-enabled wireless sensor network node for early 1 detection of forest fires. By integrating a prototype smart imager with a commercial wireless 2 platform, we endowed the resulting system with vision capabilities and radio communication. 3 The tests arranged have confirmed the high degree of reliability of our approach. 4 Additional keywords: smoke detection, false alarm rate, energy efficiency, artificial vision, 5 focal-plane processing, VLSI implementation 6
Fernández-Berni et al. REF have been working on early detection of forest fires using a vision-enabled WSN.
Early forest fire detection by vision-enabled wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Wildland Fire
Geography