Number entry is a mundane and error-prone task. To find errors, users often rely on visual checks to compare the differences between their instructions and the numbers they have actually input, a task that is difficult for users to do accurately. We therefore propose the use of number-based graphical representations (GRs) as a complement to conventional numeric representations (NR) to enhance visual checks, so users can examine both GRs and NRs to detect errors. We conducted two experiments to explore the issues raised. Experiment 1 examined the effects of GRs and NRs on representation difference detection (i.e. checking if two GRs or NRs are identical). The two representations had a comparative performance by time and error rate. In Experiment 2, we investigated the performance of GRs and NRs with number entry tasks. While extending the task time (increased by 38%), number entry with GRs resulted in significantly fewer errors than without GRs (decreased by 60%). Participants also had a high preference for number entry with GRs. Therefore, the proposed technique is promising for number entry error reduction, and that in safety critical applications improved safety can be achieved. • A novel technique, which is based on number-based graphical representations, is proposed to aid users in entry error detection. • The technique has three advantages. First, it improves entry error detection. Second, there is no extra cost in performing entry process. Last, it is independent of the graphical entry interface it is used with. • Results of two user studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. • The technique combines the benefits of using graphs with the familiarity of conventional numeric notations, hence giving much broader insights into numeric interaction.
A recent study by REF evaluated the benefits of a graphical number representation to help people detect number entry errors.
Employing Number-Based Graphical Representations to Enhance the Effects of Visual Check on Entry Error Detection
Interact. Comput.
Interact. Comput.
Computer Science