河口螺屬

河口螺屬（學名：Iravadia），又名埃列螺屬或金環螺屬，是一類體型非常細小，而且很可能是兩棲的陸生蝸牛的屬，有鰓和螺厴的半陸生腹足綱軟體動物，是河口螺科物種裡的微小貝。

這些微細的蝸牛棲息於潮濕的環境，例如：腐爛的植被，而且距離海洋的邊沿很近。牠們能夠忍受當漲潮時被湧上岸的鹹水洗刷。Vaught (1989)把本屬物種列為淡水物種。

## 分佈

本屬物種分佈於日本沿海、香港、台灣、澳洲、印度、紐西蘭、阿拉伯、法國等地區。

## 分類學

威廉·托馬斯·布蘭福德於1867年建立本屬，當時屬於麂眼螺科。

## 物種

本屬物種計有：

- 細紋河口螺
- Iravadia angulata (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia aristaei (Melvill, 1912)
- Iravadia atemeles (Melvill, 1912)
- 柏衲埃列螺 Iravadia bombayana (Stoliczka, 1868)
- Iravadia capitata (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia carpentariensis (Hedley, 1912)
- Iravadia cochinchinensis (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1910)
- Iravadia delicata (Philippi, 1849)
- Iravadia densilabrum (Melvill, 1912)
- † Iravadia dolini Lozouet, 2003
- Iravadia elongata (Hornung & Mermod, 1928)
- Iravadia expansilabrum Ponder, 1984
- Iravadia gemmata Ponder, 1984
- Iravadia goliath (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia ictriella (Melvill, 1910)
- Iravadia inflata (Ponder, 1967)
- 錦繡埃列螺 Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867：模式種
- Iravadia padangensis (Thiele, 1925)
- Iravadia pilbara Golding, 2014
- Iravadia profundior Ponder, 1984
- 方格河口螺 Iravadia quadrasi (O. Boettger, 1893)
- Iravadia quadrina (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia rohdei (Brandt, 1968)
- Iravadia sublaevis (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia subquadrata (Laseron, 1950)
- Iravadia tenuilirata (Boettger, 1893)
- Iravadia yendoi (Yokoyama, 1927)

異名：

- Iravadia annandalei Preston, 1916: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
- 澳洲金環螺 Iravadia australis Hedley, 1900：今作Pellamora australis (Hedley, 1901)，屬皮拉螺屬。
- Iravadia bella (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Iravadia delicata (Philippi, 1849)
- Iravadia elegantula (A. Adams, 1861): synonym of Fluviocingula elegantula (A. Adams, 1861)
- Iravadia ennurensis Preston, 1916: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
- Iravadia funerea Preston, 1916: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
- Iravadia mahimensis (Melvill, 1893): synonym of Pseudomerelina mahimensis (Melvill, 1893)
- 環紋河口螺 Iravadia reflecta Laseron, 1956：今作Pellamora reflecta (Laseron, 1956)，屬皮拉螺屬。
- Iravadia nipponica (Kuroda & Habe, 1954): synonym of Fluviocingula nipponica Kuroda & Habe, 1954
- Iravadia princeps Preston, 1915: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
- Iravadia resima (Laseron, 1956): synonym of Fluviocingula resima (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia reticulata Brandt, 1968: synonym of Iravadia quadrasi (O. Boettger, 1893)
- Iravadia sakaguchii (Kuroda & Habe, 1954): synonym of Wakauraia sakaguchii (Kuroda & Habe, 1954)
- Iravadia trochlearis (Gould, 1861): synonym of Stosicia annulata (Dunker, 1859)
- Iravadia tuberculata Brandt, 1974: synonym of Iravadia mahimensis (Melvill, 1893)

## 外部連結

- Ponder W. F. (1984) A review of the genera of the Iravadiidae (Gastropoda: Rissoacea) with an assessment of the relationships of the Family. Malacologia 25(1): 21-71

## 基本資料

- 學名：Iravadia
- 命名者：Blanford, 1867
- 模式種：Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
- 異名：Dipsotoma Laseron, 1956、Fairbankia Stoliczka, 1868、Iraqirissoa Dance & Eames, 1966、Iravadia (Fairbankia) Stoliczka, 1868、Iravadia (Fluviocingula) Kuroda & Habe, 1954、Iravadia (Iravadia) Blanford, 1867、Iravadia (Pseudomerelina) Ponder, 1984、Iravadia (Pseudonoba) Boettger, 1902、Lucidinella Laseron, 1956、Paronoba Laseron, 1950、Pseudonoba O. Boettger, 1902、Sinusicola Kuroda & Habe, 1950 (unavailable name: established without description)