雙歧桿菌屬

雙歧桿菌屬（學名：Bifidobacterium）是雙歧桿菌目雙歧桿菌科的一屬，為嚴格厭氧的革蘭氏陽性桿菌。因細胞形態常呈現分叉狀而得名，其染色呈不規則的分叉成Y及V型的杆狀及棍棒狀或匙形。此屬的模式種為兩歧雙歧桿菌（Bifidobacterium bifidum），按音譯俗稱比菲德菌。

雙歧桿菌廣泛存在於人和動物的消化道、陰道、口腔等生境中，會發酵糖類形成乳酸和乙酸。雙歧桿菌是一大類具有代表性的人體腸道益生菌，可能與人類營養、抗菌、免疫調節、抗癌及抗腫瘤等相關。雙歧桿菌與某些腸道疾病相關，如：炎症性腸病（IBD）、腸易激症候群（IBS）、腹瀉、結腸癌、直腸癌等。雙歧桿菌製劑可能可以調理和改善腸道相關疾病。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme｜Killer et al. 2011

青春雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium adolescentis｜Reuter, 1963

Bifidobacterium aemilianum｜Alberoni et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium aerophilum｜Michelini et al. 2017

Bifidobacterium aesculapii｜Modesto et al. 2014

Bifidobacterium amazonense｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium angulatum｜Scardovi and Crociani 1974

動物雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium animalis｜(Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974

- 雙歧桿菌動物亞種 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis

Bifidobacterium anseris｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium apicola｜Wang et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium apis｜Jiang et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium apousia｜Chen et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium apri｜Pechar et al. 2017

Bifidobacterium aquikefiri｜Laureys et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium aquikefiricola｜Breselge et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium asteroides｜Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969

Bifidobacterium avesanii｜Michelini et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium biavatii｜Endo et al. 2012

兩歧雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium bifidum｜(Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924，雙岐雙岐桿菌

Bifidobacterium bohemicum｜Killer et al. 2011

Bifidobacterium bombi｜Killer et al. 2009

Bifidobacterium boum｜Scardovi et al. 1979

短雙岐桿菌｜Bifidobacterium breve｜Reuter 1963

Bifidobacterium callimiconis｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum｜Modesto et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium callitrichos｜Endo et al. 2012

犬雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium canis｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium castoris｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium catenulatum｜Scardovi and Crociani 1974

Bifidobacterium catulorum｜Modesto et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium cebidarum｜Duranti et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium choerinum｜Scardovi et al. 1979

Bifidobacterium choladohabitans｜Chen et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium choloepi｜Modesto et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium colobi｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium commune｜Praet et al. 2015

Bifidobacterium coryneforme｜(ex Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969) Biavati et al. 1982，異名

Bifidobacterium criceti｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium crudilactis｜Delcenserie et al. 2013

Bifidobacterium cuniculi｜Scardovi et al. 1979

Bifidobacterium denticolens｜Crociani et al. 1996

齒雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium dentium｜Scardovi and Crociani 1974

Bifidobacterium dolichotidis｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium erythrocebi｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium eulemuris｜Michelini et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium faecale｜Choi et al. 2014

Bifidobacterium favimelis｜Li et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium felsineum｜Modesto et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium fermentum｜Breselge et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium gallicum｜Lauer 1990

Bifidobacterium gallinarum｜Watabe et al. 1983

Bifidobacterium globosum｜(ex Scardovi et al. 1969) Biavati et al. 1982

Bifidobacterium goeldii｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium hapali｜Michelini et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium hominis｜Hitch et al. 2025

Bifidobacterium imperatoris｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium indicum Scardovi｜and Trovatelli 1969

嬰兒雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium infantis｜Reuter 1963，異名

Bifidobacterium inopinatum｜Crociani et al. 1996，異名

義大利雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium italicum｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium jacchi｜Modesto et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense｜Morita et al. 2011，異名

乳雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium lactis｜Meile et al. 1997，更名為動物雙歧桿菌乳亞種(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis)

Bifidobacterium lemurum｜Modesto et al. 2015

Bifidobacterium leontopitheci｜Duranti et al. 2020

長雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium longum｜Reuter 1963，俗名：比菲德氏龍根菌，簡稱 龍根菌

- Bifidobacterium longum iuvenis Modesto et al. 2023

Bifidobacterium magnum｜Scardovi and Zani 1974

Bifidobacterium margollesii｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium mellis｜Olofsson et al. 2023

Bifidobacterium merycicum｜Biavati and Mattarelli 1991

Bifidobacterium miconis｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium miconisargentati｜Lugli et al. 2021

小雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium minimum｜Biavati et al. 1982

Bifidobacterium mizhiense｜Li et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium mongoliense｜Watanabe et al. 2009

Bifidobacterium moraviense｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium moukalabense｜Tsuchida et al. 2014

Bifidobacterium myosotis｜Michelini et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium oedipodis｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium olomucense｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium panos｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium parmae｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium phasiani｜Lugli et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium platyrrhinorum｜Modesto et al. 2025

Bifidobacterium pluvialisilvae｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium polysaccharolyticum｜Chen et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium pongonis｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium porcinum｜(Zhu et al. 2003) Nouioui et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium primatium｜Modesto et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum｜Scardovi et al. 1979

Bifidobacterium pseudolongum｜Mitsuoka 1969

Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum｜Simpson et al. 2004

Bifidobacterium pullorum｜Trovatelli et al. 1974

Bifidobacterium ramosum｜Michelini et al. 2017

Bifidobacterium reuteri｜Endo et al. 2012

Bifidobacterium ruminantium｜Biavati and Mattarelli 1991

Bifidobacterium saeculare｜Biavati et al. 1992，為Bifidobacterium gallinarum subsp. saeculare (Biavati et al. 1992) Liu et al. 2020的異名

Bifidobacterium saguini｜Endo et al. 2012

Bifidobacterium saguinibicoloris｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium saimiriisciurei｜Modesto et al. 2025

Bifidobacterium samirii｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium santillanense｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium scaligerum｜Modesto et al. 2020

斯卡爾多維雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium scardovii｜Hoyles et al. 2002

Bifidobacterium simiarum｜Modesto et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium stellenboschense｜Endo et al. 2012

Bifidobacterium stercoris｜Kim et al. 2010，為Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)的異名

Bifidobacterium subtile｜Biavati et al. 1982

豬雙歧桿菌｜Bifidobacterium suis｜Matteuzzi et al. 1971，異名

Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum｜Dong et al. 2000

Bifidobacterium thermophilum｜Mitsuoka 1969，也拼作Bifidobacterium thermophilium

Bifidobacterium tibiigranuli｜Eckel et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium tissieri｜corrig. Michelini et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium tsurumiense｜Okamoto et al. 2008

Bifidobacterium vansinderenii｜Duranti et al. 2017

Bifidobacterium xylocopae｜Alberoni et al. 2019

## 參考文獻

- LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature

## 基本資料

- 學名：Bifidobacterium
- 命名者：Orla-Jensen, 1924
- 模式種：兩歧雙歧桿菌、Bifidobacterium bifidum
- type species authority：(Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924