穀米螺科

穀米螺科（學名：Marginellidae）是新腹足目下一個腹足綱軟體動物的科。其物種體型細小，在新腹足目物種當中甚至是最細小的一類；不過色彩卻很豐富。除兩個淡水物種以後，其餘皆為海洋物種。

## 分類學

長久以來，本科物種的分類都在混亂狀態：不少流行出版物依然把本科所有物種全歸類到穀米螺屬去，因為牠們從其螺殼來看，至少表面來看很相似。

分類上的混亂源於這樣一個事實：早期的分類相當粗略地基於螺殼的特徵。儘管該組中確實存在許多可用來分辨不同物種的良好螺殼特徵，但這些特徵通常被誤解或不被認為是重要的。活體動物齒舌和外部解剖結構上確實存在的此類資訊廣泛散佈在科學文獻中，而內部解剖學描述直到最近才出現。

2019年，一項對於穀米螺科及Cystiscidae科物種（即俗稱的「類穀米螺物種」，marginelliform）的分子生物學研究為本科物種間的關係重新建立系統發生樹；這項由Fedosov A.E., Caballer Gutierrez M., Buge B., Sorokin P.V., Puillandre N., Bouchet P.共同進行的研究還確立了穀米螺科跟渦螺科（Volutidae）、Cystiscidae（舊屬吸螺目）及Marginellonidae的關係較為密切，應合組成為渦螺總科（Volutoidea）。在較舊的分類，本科被歸入到骨螺總科。

## 形態描述

穀米螺科物種的螺殼通常很小，但依不同物種的殼大小不同，從微小到中等大小不等。

螺殼外部的顏色可以是白色、奶油色、黃色、橙色、紅色或棕色，並且可以是均勻的顏色，也可以形成各種圖案。胎殼是少螺旋的。殼唇較厚，可以是光滑的，也可以是有小齒的。縱張肋可以存在或不存在，虹吸切跡可以存在或不存在。小柱可能有 2-6 個褶皺。本科物種沒有螺厴。

## 下屬分類

- Janaginella T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2021
- Subfamily G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995
- , 1957
- , 1957
- † Conuginella Laseron, 1957
- , 1957
- Espinosa & Ortea, 2010
- , 1957
- † Mioginella Laseron, 1957
- , 1957
- , 1957
- , 1875
- † Stromboginella Laseron, 1957
- 穀米螺亞科 , 1828
- Africosta S. G. Veldsman, 2022
- , 1899
- , 1879
- † Euryentome Cossmann, 1899
- Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
- 糙米螺屬 Glabella 威廉·斯溫森, 1840
- 穀米螺屬 Marginella Lamarck, 1799
- † Myobarbum Sohl, 1963
- Nudifaba Eames, 1952
- Simplicoglabella Sacco, 1890
- † Sacco, 1890
- Hinds, 1844
- Subfamily G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995
- , 1875
- , 1875
- Gray, 1857
- , 1844
- , 1817
- Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 2019
- Herrmannsen, 1852
- Brandt, 1968

亞科地位未定

- Boyer, 2016

## 異名

- Granulininae G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995: synonym of G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995 (original rank)
- Marginelloninae Coan, 1965: synonym of Coan, 1965 (original rank)
- Carinaginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Laseron, 1957
- Cassoginella Laseron, 1957 †: synonym of Laseron, 1957
- Deviginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Laseron, 1957
- Haloginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Jousseaume, 1875
- Neptoginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Laseron, 1957
- Pillarginella Gabriel, 1962: synonym of Laseron, 1957
- Plicaginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Laseron, 1957
- Serrataginella G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995: synonym of Jousseaume, 1875
- Sinuginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Laseron, 1957
- Spiroginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Laseron, 1957
- Triginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Laseron, 1957
- Cucumis "Klein": synonym of 穀米螺屬 Lamarck, 1799 (unavailable name)
- Faba P. Fischer, 1883: synonym of 印堂穴 Swainson, 1840 (objective synonym of Glabella)
- Longinella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Cossmann, 1899 (preoccupied by Longinella Gros & Lestage, 1927 Ephemeroptera)
- Marginellarius Duméril, 1805: synonym of 穀米螺屬 Lamarck, 1799
- Marginellus Montfort, 1810: synonym of 穀米螺屬 Lamarck, 1799 (unjustified emendation of Marginella)
- Porcellana Gray, 1847: synonym of 穀米螺屬 Lamarck, 1799 (invalid: junior homonym of Porcellana Lamarck, 1801 Crustacea)
- Pseudomarginella Maltzan, 1880: synonym of 穀米螺屬 Lamarck, 1799
- Volvarinella Habe, 1951: synonym of Cossmann, 1899
- Egouana: synonym of Egouena Jousseaume, 1875: synonym of Herrmannsen, 1852 (invalid: incorrect alternative original spelling)
- Egouena Jousseaume, 1875: synonym of Herrmannsen, 1852
- Gibberulina Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Jousseaume, 1875
- Leptegouana Woodring, 1928: synonym of Herrmannsen, 1852
- Porcellanella Conrad, 1863 †: synonym of Herrmannsen, 1852 ( invalid: junior homonym of Porcellanella White, 1852 Crustacea.)
- Volutella Swainson, 1831: synonym of Jousseaume, 1875 (invalid: junior homonym of Volutella Perry, 1810 Vasidae)

## 延伸閱讀

- Adams, Henry and Arthur Adams 1853. In: 1853-1858. The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. John van Voorst, London. 3 vols 1:vi-xl, 1-484; 2:1-661; 3:pls. 1-138.
- Barnard, Keppel Harcourt

- A new genus in the family Marginellidae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 35(1):14-15.

- The family position of Afrivoluta pringlei Tomlin. The Journal of Conchology 25(5):198-199.

- Clover, Philip 1974. A new species of Cypraea from West Africa and three new species of Marginellidae from the Indian Ocean. The Journal of Conchology 28(4):213-216, pl.8.
- Coan, Eugene 1965. A proposed reclassification of the family Marginellidae. The Veliger 7(3):184-189
- Coan, Eugene and Barry Roth

- The West American Marginellidae. The Veliger 8(4): 276-299, pls. 48-51.

- Status of the genus Hyalina Schumacher, 1817 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Journal of Moluccan Studies 42(2):217-222.

- Cooke, Alfred Hands 1922. On the pseudo-genus Pseudomarginella, v. Maltzan. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London15(1):3-5.
- Coomans, H. E.

1969a. On the identity of Criptospira glauca and the related Cryptospira ventricosa, (Gastropoda: Marginellidae). Basteria 33(5-6):85-92.

1969b. Notes om Marginella spryi. Basteria 39(1-2):23-27.

- Marginella orstomi. A new species from deeper water off the coast of West Africa (gastropoda, Marginellidae). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit von Amsterdam vol.4 No.12

- Coomans, H. E. and Philip Clover 1972. The genus Rivomarginella (Gastropoda, Marginellidae). Beaufortia 20(263):69-75.
- Coovert, Gary A.

1986a. Type species list. Marginella Marginalia 1(1):1-3.

1986b. Generic group names. Marginella Marginalia 1(2):5-7.

1987a. The genus Afrivoluta and a review of the type species Afrivoluta pringlei Tomlin, 1947. Marginella Marginalia 2(1):1-8.

1987b. Addenda to Afrivoluta paper. Marginella Marginalia 2(6):39

1987c. Propor usage of the generic names Haloginella, Hyalina, and Volvarina with a diagnosis of the genus Haloginella. Marginella Marginalia 3(1):1-7

1987d. The external anatomy of two species of Caribbean Marginellidae. Marginella Marginalia 3(5):33-37.

1988a. Type species of the genera Austroginella and Mesoginella and their synonyms. Marginella Marginalia 4(2/3):9-26.

1988b. Marginellidae of Florida, Part II. Prunum succinea with a discussion of Prunum and Volvarina. Marginella Marginalia 4(5)_35-42, pl. 1.

- Cossmann, Alexandre Édouard Maurice 1899. Essaid e paléonconchologie comparée. Cossmann, Paris. Vol. 3, 201 p., pls. 1-8.
- Fischer, Paul 1883 . In: 1880-1887. Manuel de conchyologie et de paléontologie conchyologique ou histoire naturelle des mollusques vivantes et fossiles. Libraire F. Savy, Paris. Vol. 2(fascicule 6):513-608, 1883.
- Gofas, Serge 1989. Le genre Volvarina (Marginellidae) dans la Mediterranée et l´Atlantique du nord est. Bolletino Malacologico 25(5-8):159-182.
- Gofas, Serge and Francisco Fernandes

- The marginellids of São Tomé, West Africa. Journal of Conchology 33(1):1-30, pls. 1-2.

- The Marginellidae of Angola: The genus Volvarina. The Journal of Conchology 34(4):187-198

- The Marginellidae of Angola: The genus Marginella. Journal of Conchology 35:103-119

- Gray, John Edward 1847. A list of the genera of Recent Mollusac, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1847 pt.15=17:129-219.
- Harasewych, M. G. and Y. I. Kantor 1991. Rediscovery of Marginellona gigas (Martens, 1904), with notes on the anatomy and systematic position on the subfamily Marginelloninae (Gastropoda: Marginellidae). 37:1-19.
- Hinds, Richard Brinsley 1844. Descriptions of Marginellae collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur, and from the collection of Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1844 pt. 12= vol. 14.72-77.
- Jousseaume, Felix P. 1875. Coquilles de la famille des marginelles. Monographie. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, ser.3, 3:164-271, 429-435, pls. 7-8. Also issued separately, pp. 1–115, pls. 7-8.
- Laseron, Charles F. 1957. A new classification of the Australian Marginellidae (Mollusca), with a review of species from the Solanderian and Dampierian zoogeographical provinces. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 8(3):274-311.
- Redfield, John H.

- Description of new species of Marginella, with notes on sundry species of Marginella and Cypraea. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History in New York 5:224-228.

- Catalogue of the known species, recent and fossil, of the family Marginellidae. American Journal of Concholoigy 6(2):215-269.

- Reeve, Lovell Augustus 1864-1865. Monograph of the genus Marginella. In; Chonchologia Iconica: or illustration of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 15, pls. 2-13 Aug. 1864, pls. 1,14-27, index, errata Jan. 1865.
- Sohl, N. F. 1963. New gastropod genera from the late Upper Cretaceous of East Gulf Coastal * Sowerby, George Brettingham II 1846. Monograph of the genus Marginella. In: Thesaurus Conchyliorum, or figures and descriptions of Recent Shells. Sowerby, London. Vol 1(7):239-406, pls.68-78.
- The Academy of Natural Sciences . A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca
- Thiele, Johannes 1904. Pt. B, Anatomisch-systematische untersuchungen einiger Gastropoden, pp. 147–180, pls. 6-9. In: Martens and Thiele. Die beschalten Gastropoden der deutscen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899.
- Tomlin, John Reed le Brockton 1947. A new South African volutid. The Journal of Conchology 22(10):244-245
- Weinkauff, Henrich Conrad 1878-1879. Die gattungen Marginella und Erato In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Cheminitz. 2nd ed. Bauer and Raspe, Nürnberg. Vol. 5(4):1-166, pls. 1-26.

## 基本資料

- 說明：A live individual of , head end towards the right
- 學名：Marginellidae
- 命名者：約翰·佛萊明 (博物學家), 1828
- subdivision_ranks：屬
- 栽培群成員：見正文
- 異名：見內文
- diversity：除兩個淡水物種以後，其餘皆為海洋物種。
- 母公司：3