Collaboratory

Collaboratory是由威廉·伍爾夫於1989年提出的概念，它被定義為一個沒有界限的中心，國家的研究人員可以在其中進行研究，無需受限於物理位置，能夠與同事互動，訪問儀器、共享數據和計算資源，並從數字圖書館中獲取資訊。

1991年，Laurence C. Rosenberg認為Collaboratory是一個實驗和實證研究環境，在這個環境中，科學家們相互工作和交流，設計系統，參與協作科學，並進行實驗以評估和改進系統。這些定義的簡化形式將Collaboratory描述為參與者利用計算和通信技術訪問共享儀器和數據，並與他人進行溝通的環境。

1998年，Sara Ann Bly對這一定義進行了進一步細化，將Collaboratory描述為一個系統，將整個科學界的利益與電腦科學和工程界的利益結合起來，以創建集成的、面向工具的計算和通信系統，以支持科學合作。

2003年，Derrick L. Cogburn提供了一個更廣泛的定義，指出Collaboratory不僅僅是資訊和通信技術的整合，它還是一種新的網路化組織形式，涵蓋了社會過程、合作技巧、正式和非正式的溝通，以及達成一致的規範、原則、價值觀和規則）。

## 有關文獻

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