擬桿菌屬

擬桿菌屬（Bacteroides）又稱類桿菌屬，是細菌中的一個屬，是人類大腸中的非病原性優勢菌種。革蘭氏陰性菌。不形成孢子、厭氧和杆狀細菌，是人類常駐菌群，同時也是腸道組成的重要基石菌屬，與人類具有共生的關係。

擬桿菌屬被歸類在革蘭氏陰性菌和專性厭氧菌中。不同於其他細菌的是，擬桿菌屬的細胞膜上帶有鞘磷脂。這一細菌種類中以鬆脆類桿菌較為有名。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

產酸擬桿菌｜Bacteroides acidifaciens｜Miyamoto and Itoh 2000

Bacteroides amylophilus｜Hamlin and Hungate 1956

Bacteroides asaccharolyticus｜(Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977

Bacteroides barnesiae｜Lan et al., 2006

Bacteroides bivius｜Holdeman and Johnson 1977

Bacteroides buccae｜Holdeman et al., 1982

Bacteroides buccalis｜Shah and Collins 1982

糞擬桿菌｜Bacteroides caccae｜Johnson et al., 1986

Bacteroides caecicola｜Irisawa et al., 2016

Bacteroides caecigallinarum｜Saputra et al., 2015

Bacteroides caecimuris｜Lagkouvardos et al., 2016

多毛擬桿菌｜Bacteroides capillosus｜(Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957

Bacteroides capillus｜Kornman and Holt 1982

Bacteroides cellulosilyticus｜Robert et al., 2007

溶纖維素擬桿菌｜Bacteroides cellulosolvens｜Murray et al., 1984

毛絲鼠擬桿菌｜Bacteroides chinchillae｜Kitahara et al., 2011

Bacteroides clarus｜Watanabe et al., 2010

Bacteroides coagulans｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933

Bacteroides coprocola｜Kitahara et al., 2005

Bacteroides coprophilus｜Hayashi et al., 2007

Bacteroides coprosuis｜Whitehead et al., 2005

Bacteroides corporis｜Johnson and Holdeman 1983

Bacteroides denticola｜Shah and Collins 1982

Bacteroides disiens｜Holdeman and Johnson 1977

Bacteroides distasonis｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933

Bacteroides dorei｜Bakir et al., 2006

埃氏擬桿菌｜Bacteroides eggerthii｜Holdeman and Moore 1974

Bacteroides endodontalis｜van Steenbergen et al., 1984

Bacteroides faecalis｜Yu et al., 2019

Bacteroides faecichinchillae｜Kitahara et al., 2012

Bacteroides faecis｜Kim et al., 2010

Bacteroides faecium｜Kim et al. 2023

Bacteroides finegoldii｜Bakir et al., 2006

Bacteroides fluxus｜Watanabe et al., 2010

福賽斯擬桿菌｜Bacteroides forsythus｜Tanner et al., 1986

脆弱擬桿菌｜Bacteroides fragilis｜(Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani et Chalmers 1919

Bacteroides furcosus｜(Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al., 1937

Bacteroides galacturonicus｜Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987

Bacteroides gallinaceus｜Irisawa et al., 2016，也拼作：Bacteroides gallinaceum

Bacteroides gallinarum｜Lan et al., 2006

Bacteroides gingivalis｜Coykendall et al., 1980

Bacteroides goldsteinii｜Song et al., 2006

纖細擬桿菌｜Bacteroides gracilis｜Tanner et al., 1981

Bacteroides graminisolvens｜Nishiyama et al., 2009

Bacteroides helcogenes｜Benno et al., 1983

Bacteroides heparinolyticus｜Okuda et al., 1985

人臉擬桿菌｜Bacteroides humanifaecis｜Kim et al. 2023

Bacteroides hypermegas｜Harrison and Hansen 1963

Bacteroides intermedius｜(Holdeman and Moore 1970) Johnson and Holdeman 1983

Bacteroides intestinalis｜Bakir et al., 2006

朝鮮擬桿菌｜Bacteroides koreensis｜Shin et al., 2017

Bacteroides kribbi｜Shin et al., 2017

利氏擬桿菌｜Bacteroides levii｜(ex Holdeman et al., 1977) Johnson and Holdeman 1983

Bacteroides loescheii｜Holdeman and Johnson 1982

盧洪洲擬桿菌｜Bacteroides luhongzhouii｜Ge et al. 2021，以盧洪洲的名字命名

Bacteroides luti｜Hatamoto et al., 2014

Bacteroides macacae｜(Slots and Genco 1980) Coykendall et al., 1980

馬賽擬桿菌｜Bacteroides massiliensis｜Fenner et al., 2005

產黑色素擬桿菌｜Bacteroides melaninogenicus｜(Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939

屎擬桿菌｜Bacteroides merdae｜Johnson et al., 1986

多形擬桿菌｜Bacteroides multiformis｜Liu et al. 2021

Bacteroides microfusus｜Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978

Bacteroides multiacidus｜Mitsuoka et al., 1974

鼠擬桿菌｜Bacteroides muris｜Fokt et al. 2023

Bacteroides nodosus｜(Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963

Bacteroides nordii｜Song et al., 2005，以卡爾·埃里克·諾德（Carl Erik Nord）的名字命名，他在厭氧細菌學和腸道細菌學方面做出了貢獻

Bacteroides ochraceus｜(Prévot et al., 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972

Bacteroides oleiciplenus｜Watanabe et al., 2010

Bacteroides oralis｜Loesche et al., 1964

Bacteroides oris｜Holdeman et al., 1982

Bacteroides oulorum｜Shah et al., 1985

卵形擬桿菌｜Bacteroides ovatus｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933

Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus｜Ueki et al., 2011

Bacteroides pectinophilus｜Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987

Bacteroides pentosaceus｜Shah and Collins 1982

Bacteroides plebeius｜Kitahara et al., 2005

侵肺擬桿菌｜Bacteroides pneumosintes｜(Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970

Bacteroides polypragmatus｜Patel and Breuil 1982

Bacteroides praeacutus｜(Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970

Bacteroides propionicifaciens｜Ueki et al., 2008

Bacteroides putredinis｜(Weinberg et al., 1937) Kelly 1957

Bacteroides pyogenes｜Benno et al., 1983

Bacteroides reticulotermitis｜Sakamoto and Ohkuma 2013

Bacteroides rhinocerotis｜Li et al. 2024

Bacteroides rodentium｜Kitahara et al., 2011

赤擬桿菌｜Bacteroides ruber

Bacteroides ruminicola｜Bryant et al., 1958

Bacteroides salanitronis｜Lan et al., 2006

Bacteroides salivosus｜Love et al., 1987

Bacteroides salyersae｜Song et al., 2005

Bacteroides salyersiae｜corrig. Song et al., 2005

Bacteroides sartorii｜Clavel et al., 2010

Bacteroides splanchnicus｜Werner et al., 1975

Bacteroides stercorirosoris｜Kitahara et al., 2012

糞便擬桿菌｜Bacteroides stercoris｜Johnson et al., 1986

Bacteroides succinogenes｜Hungate 1950

豬擬桿菌｜Bacteroides suis｜Benno et al., 1983

隱蔽擬桿菌｜Bacteroides tectum｜Love et al., 1986

Bacteroides tectus｜corrig. Love et al., 1986

Bacteroides termitidis｜(Sebald, 1962) Holdeman and Moore, 1970

多形擬桿菌｜Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron｜(Distaso 1912) Castellani et Chalmers 1919

帝汶擬桿菌｜Bacteroides timonensis｜Ramasamy et al. 2014

同型擬桿菌｜Bacteroides uniformis｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933，單形擬桿菌

解脲擬桿菌｜Bacteroides urealtyicus

Bacteroides ureolyticus｜Jackson and Goodman 1978

Bacteroides veroralis｜Watabe et al., 1983

Bacteroides vicugnae

普通擬桿菌｜Bacteroides vulgatus｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933

Bacteroides xylanisolvens｜Chassard et al., 2008

Bacteroides xylanolyticus｜Scholten-Koerselman et al., 1988

張文宏擬桿菌｜Bacteroides zhangwenhongii｜Ge et al. 2021，以張文宏的名字命名

Bacteroides zoogleoformans｜(Weinberg et al., 1937) Cato et al., 1982

## 基本資料

- 說明：以瓊脂平板無氧培養下的擬桿菌（Bacteroides spp.）
- 學名：Bacteroides
- 命名者：Castellani & Chalmers, 1919
- 模式種：脆弱擬桿菌、Bacteroides fragilis
- type species authority：(Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani and Chalmers 1919
- subdivision_ranks：物種
- 栽培群成員：見正文