透螺科

透螺科（學名：Diaphanidae）是生物分類學上一個微小海螺的分類單元，是頭楯目之下一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的科。舊屬透螺總科（Diaphanoidea），現時是盒螺總科之下的成員。

## 分佈

本科物種見於海水溫度比較冰冷的地方，例如：北極地區、南極洲、澳大利亞及紐西蘭。

## 棲息地

本科物種分佈於從潮間帶到深海帶。

## 型態描述

透螺科物種的螺殻微小、薄而且脆，一般透明或半透明，通常都小於5 mm in size。整體來說，螺殻呈卵形、梨形或球莖形。殻頂凹陷。

## 分類

### 2005年分類

根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，透螺科是透螺總科的成員，包括下列兩個科：

- 透螺總科 Diaphanoidea
- 透螺科 Diaphanidae
- Family Notodiaphanidae

而透螺科由兩個亞科組成，包括下列各屬：

#### 透螺亞科

透螺亞科（Diaphaninae）包括下列各屬：

- Genus Austrodiaphana Henry Augustus Pilsbry, 1893
- Austrodiaphan brazieri George French Angas, 1877：見於西澳大利亞州，體長8 mm。
- Austrodiaphana colei Fleming, 1948
- Distribution : 紐西蘭
- Austrodiaphana flemingi Arthur William Baden Powell, 1952：見於紐西蘭
- Austrodiaphana maunganuica Arthur William Baden Powell, 1952：見於紐西蘭。
- Genus Colobocephalus Michael Sars, 1870
- Colobocephalus costellatus, Michael Sars, 1870
- Colobocephalus striatulus Monterosato ex Jeffreys, 1874
- Distribution : 地中海
- Genus Colpodaspis Michael Sars, 1870 (incertae sedis) The sole of the foot contains a gland that secretes a mucous fluid, which helps the little animal to stay attached to stems and algae.
- Colpodaspis punctata Clark, 1837
- Distribution : Mediterranean
- Colpodaspis pusilla Michael Sars, 1870：見於挪威南部、大不列顛島及愛爾蘭島西部
- Length : 5 mm
- Description : the bubble shell is completely enclosed by the mantle; two prominent rhinophores on the head, leading to a groove along each side of the head; right posterior siphon
- Colpodaspis thompsoni Brown, 1979
- Distribution : tropical 印度洋-太平洋海域, 沖繩縣, 聖誕島
- Length : 3 mm
- Description : black sea slug with yellow warts on a white background; the 外套膜 encloses the bubble-shaped fragile shell; there is a pair of enrolled rhinophores on the head; the eyes are the two black spots on the head, just in front of the shell;
- Genus Diaphana Brown, 1827
- Diaphana abyssalis T. Schiøtte, 1998
- Distribution : Western 大西洋
- Diaphana anderssoni H. Strebel, 1908
- Distribution : 南喬治亞
- Diaphana caribaea Espinosa, J., J.Ortea & J.Magaña, 2001
- Distribution : 古巴
- Length : 2 mm
- Diaphana cretica
- Distribution : Mediterranean
- Diaphana expansa (Jeffreys, 1864)
- Distribution : Norway to the 錫利群島.
- Diaphana floridana W.H. Dall, 1927
- Distribution : Georgia
- Length : 4 mm
- Diaphana globosa Lovén, 1846
- Distribution : 斯堪地那維亞
- Length : 4 mm
- Diaphana haini Linse, K. & T. Schiøtte, 2002
- Distribution : 南極洲
- Length : 2.2 mm
- Diaphana hiemalis (Couthouy, J.P., 1839) (synonym of Diaphana minuta)
- Diaphana inflata (Strebel, H., 1908)
- Distribution : South Georgia
- Length : 2.4 mm
- Diaphana lactea Jeffreys, 1877
- Distribution : Mediterranean, Norway
- Diaphana lottae K.J. Bush, 1893
- Distribution : 北卡羅來納州
- Length : 8.5 mm
- Diaphana makarovi G.B. Gorbunov, 1946
- Distribution : East Greenland
- Length : 3 mm
- Diaphana mauretaniensis T. Schiøtte, 1998
- Distribution : Mauretania
- Diaphana minuta Brown, 1827
- Distribution : Greenland, Scandinavia, Iceland, 蘇格蘭, North 西班牙 down to the Canaries and the Mediterranean, 麻薩諸塞州.
- Length: 5.8 mm
- Description : found in sandy bottoms from the low tide level to a depth of 350 m; thin, fragile, smooth, cylindrical shell with convex whorl (mollusc)s. The body whorl is prominent. Minute apex. Deep suture (gastropod) between the whorls. Deep umbilicus (mollusk).
- Diaphana pacifica T. Schiøtte, 1998
- Distribution : 南加利福尼亞州
- Diaphana paessleri H. Strebel, 1905
- Distribution : 福克蘭群島; 火地群島; South Georgia; 南奧克尼群島; 威德爾海, 南極洲; 凱爾蓋朗群島.
- Length : 3.3 mm
- Diaphana pfefferi H. Strebel, 1905
- Distribution : South Georgia
- Length : 2.9 mm
- Diaphana quadrata
- Distribution : Mmediterranean
- Diaphana seguenzae R.B. Watson, 1886
- Distribution : NE 巴西
- Length : 3.8 mm
- Genus Newnesia Edgar Albert Smith, 1902 (incertae sedis)
- Newnesia antarctica Edgar Albert Smith, 1902
- 分佈：南極州威德爾海
- Length : 17–30 mm
- Newnesia sphinx Strebel H., 1908
- Distribution : Paulet Insel (Antarctic Peninsula)
- Length : 24.8 mm
- Genus Rhinodiaphana Lemche, 1967
- Rhinodiaphana ventricosa Jeffreys, 1865
- Genus Woodbridgea Berry, 1953
- Woodbridgea polystrigma W.H. Dall, 1908 Furrowed Paper-bubble
- Distribution : America
- Woodbridgea williamsi S.S. Berry, 1953
- Distribution : West-America

#### Subfamily Toledoniinae

- Bogasonia Warén, 1989
- Bogasonia gorjachevi Chaban, 1998 - Distribution: 千島群島.
- Bogasonia volutoides Warén, 1989 - Distribution: 冰島. Found at depths between 100–200 m.
- Toledonia Dall, 1902

### 2017年分類

WoRMS紀錄透螺科之下只餘下透螺亞科的透螺屬之下：

- 透螺亞科 Diaphaninae Odhner, 1914 (1857)
- 透螺屬 Diaphana T. Brown, 1827
- Amphisphyra Lovén, 1846
- Austrodiaphana Pilsbry, 1893
- Physema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- Prodiaphana Chaban, 1996

## 外部連結

- Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. D. (1976): A taxonomic survey of the genus Toledonia W.H. Dall, 1902 (Opistobranchia, Diaphanidae). Zool. Scripta 5: 25-33
- Photo of Colpodaspis thompsoni

## 基本資料

- 學名：Diaphanidae
- 命名者：Nils Hjalmar Odhner, 1914 (1857)
- 異名：Amphisphyridae Gray, 1857