劍線蟲屬

劍線蟲屬（學名：Xiphinema），又名匕首線蟲屬，是一種棲息於植物根部的潛移性外寄生線蟲。本屬物種會對農作物造成巨大經濟損失，能影響葡萄、草莓、酒花及其他經濟作物。主要物種計有：標準劍線蟲（X. index）、美洲劍線蟲（X. americanum）、X. diversicaudatum, X. italiae及X. pachtaicum。其細長的身體及長直的口針tttsay2是其型態特徵，以便於直接刺穿植物的表皮至其維管組織。本屬不同物種會對植物的根部造成中等至大量的傷害：這些線蟲穿透植物的根部，部分物種還會在根部造成蟲癭。

## 型態學

劍線蟲的體型在線蟲動物來說算是比較大，其成蟲的體長有1.5mm – 5.0mm。

## 系統分類學

本屬現時列有296個物種，當中包括234個已接受物種，49 個異名及13個有待確定的物種。

### 物種列表

下列為本屬部分物種：

- Xiphinema abrantinum Roca & Pereira, 1991
- Xiphinema aceri Chizhov & al., 1986
- Xiphinema aequum Roca & Lamberti, 1988
- 美國劍線蟲 Xiphinema americana
- 美洲劍線蟲 Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913
- Xiphinema artemisiae Chizhov & al., 1986
- 貝克劍線蟲 Xiphinema bakeri Williams
- Xiphinema barense Lamberti & al., 1986
- Xiphinema basilgoodeyi Coomans, 1965
- Xiphinema belmontense Roca & Pereira, 1992
- 短頸劍線蟲 Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa, 1961
- Xiphinema brevisicum Lamberti & al., 1994
- Xiphinema cadavalense Bravo & Roca, 1995
- 加州劍線蟲 Xiphinema californicum
- 錢伯斯劍線蟲 Xiphinema chambersi Thorne
- Xiphinema coronatum Roca, 1991
- Xiphinema coxi Tarjan, 1964
- Xiphinema coxi coxi Tarjan, 1964
- Xiphinema coxi europaeum Sturhan, 1985
- Xiphinema dentatum Sturhan, 1978
- Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979
- Xiphinema dissimile Roca & al., 1988.
- 變尾劍線蟲 Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) — nématode migrant des racines，裂尾劍線蟲、異尾劍線蟲
- Xiphinema diversum Roca & al., 1989.
- Xiphinema duriense Lamberti & al., 1993.
- 台灣劍線蟲 Xiphinema elongatum
- Xiphinema exile Roca & al., 1989.
- 絲尾劍線蟲 Xiphinema filicaudatum Loof et Maas
- Xiphinema fortuitum Roca & al., 1988.
- Xiphinema gersoni Roca & Bravo, 1993.
- Xiphinema globosum Sturhan, 1978.
- Xiphinema hispidum Roca & Bravo, 1994.
- Xiphinema histriae Lamberti & al., 1993.
- Xiphinema horvatovicae Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.
- 喜濕劍線蟲 Xiphinema hygrophilum Southey et Luc
- Xiphinema illyricum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.
- Xiphinema incertum Lamberti & al., 1983.
- 不明劍線蟲 Xiphinema incognitum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.
- 標準劍線蟲 Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950.
- Xiphinema ingens Luc & Dalmasso, 1964.
- Xiphinema insigne
- Xiphinema intermedium Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.
- 義大利劍線蟲 Xiphinema italiae Meyl, 1953
- Xiphinema lafoense Roca & al., 1988
- Xiphinema lanceolatum Roca & Bravo, 1993
- Xiphinema lapidosum Roca & Bravo, 1993
- Xiphinema longistilum Lamberti & al., 1994
- Xiphinema lupini Roca & Pereira, 1993
- Xiphinema lusitanicum Sturhan, 1983
- Xiphinema macedonicum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999
- Xiphinema macroacanthum Lamberti & al., 1989
- Xiphinema madeirense Brown & al., 1992
- Xiphinema melitense Lamberti & al., 1982
- Xiphinema mesostilum Lamberti & al., 1994
- Xiphinema microstilum Lamberti & al., 1994
- Xiphinema neovuittenezi Dalmasso, 1969
- 西剖劍線蟲 Xiphinema occiduum
- Xiphinema opisthohysterum Siddiqi, 1961.
- Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938).
- Xiphinema pachydermum Sturhan, 1983.
- Xiphinema pombalense Bravo & Lamberti, 1996
- Xiphinema porosum Roca & Agostinelli, 1986
- Xiphinema pseudocoxi Sturhan, 1985
- Xiphinema pyrenaicum Dalmasso, 1969
- Xiphinema radicicola Goodey, 1936
- Xiphinema riparium Chizhov & al., 1991
- Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, 1969
- Xiphinema rotundatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938
- Xiphinema sahelense Dalmasso, 1969
- Xiphinema santos Lamberti & al., 1993
- 里弗斯劍線蟲 Xiphinema silvesi Roca & Bravo, 1998
- Xiphinema simile Lamberti & al., 1983
- Xiphinema taylori Lamberti & al., 1992
- 索恩劍線蟲 Xiphinema thornei
- Xiphinema turcicum Luc & Dalmasso, 1964
- 猶他劍線蟲 Xiphinema utahense
- Xiphinema variurum Barsi & Lamberti, 1998
- Xiphinema vuittenezi Luc & al., 1964.

## 分佈

本屬物種分佈於全世界，當中兩個在經濟上很重要的物種，即：標準劍線蟲 X.index及美洲劍線蟲 X.americanum都在美國加州很常見，對當地酒莊造成影響。X. diversicaudatum亦見於美國其他部份地區、歐洲及澳大利亞。

## 基本資料

- 說明：Xiphinema sp. Juvenile
- 學名：Xiphinema
- 母公司：5
- 命名者：Cobb, 1913
- subdivision_ranks：物種
- 栽培群成員：見內文