裂螺科

裂螺總科（學名：Fissurelloidea，亦作裂裙螺總科或透孔螺總科），其下只有裂螺科（學名：Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822，亦作裂裙螺科、鑰孔䗩科或透孔螺科），是古腹足類支序之下的一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的科。本總科的物種因其錐狀螺殼的螺尖上有一個小孔，是海螺的一個特化體。由於整個螺殼的外形就像一條裂開了一條縫的裙襬那樣，所以被稱為裂裙螺。

根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》基本上包括了各種笠螺，覆蓋了原來原始腹足目的大多數物種。

## 分佈

本科物種的分佈是世界性的，從冰冷的寒帶到熱帶都有其物種存在。

## 習性

本科物種一般居住在潮間帶下部深水區的岩面或岩底。

## 分類

本科的屬一般可以按四個不同的亞科來分類。這四個亞科除了裂螺亞科以外，原來都與裂螺科一樣同為裂螺總科之下的科，但現時被降級了，併歸本科。這些亞科分別如下：

- Clypidinidae A. N. Golikov & Starobogatov, 1989
- 天蓋螺亞科 Diodorinae Odhner, 1932：由Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011)把原來的天蓋螺族（Diodorini）升級。
- Cosmetalepas Iredale, 1924
- 天蓋螺屬 Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I, 1835：分佈於西非大西洋東岸的佛德角
- Megathura Pilsbry, 1890
- Monodilepas Finlay, 1927
- 邊罅螺亞科 Emarginulinae Children, 1834
- Genus Clypidina Gray, 1847
- 邊罅螺屬 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801：又名鱗䗩屬
- Genus Fissurisepta Sequenza, 1863
- Genus Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
- Genus Nesta H. Adams, 1870
- Genus Notomella Cotton, 1957
- 天窗䗩屬 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
- 笠罅螺屬 Scutus Montfort, 1810
- 土加䗩屬 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843
- Genus Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- Subfamily Fissurellidinae
- Subfamily Fissurellinae
- Rimulidae Anton, 1838
- Zeidoridae Naef, 1913

但由於現時基於分子分類學的文獻不斷更新，現時普遍不區分亞科現詳列全部的屬。以下為現時屬於本科的屬：

- Altrix Palmer, 1942
- Amblychilepas Pilsbry, 1890
- Buchanania Lesson, 1830
- Clathrosepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- Clypidina Gray, 1847
- Cornisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- Dendrofissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
- 平傘裂裙螺（Diodora cf. mus (Reeve)）：又名黑斑透孔螺
- 榖米螺屬 Dentimargo
- 邊罅螺屬 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Fissurella Bruguière, 1789
- Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1841
- Fissurisepta Seguenza, 1863
- Hemimarginula McLean, 2011
- Hemitoma 威廉·斯溫森, 1840
- Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
- Laevinesta Pilsbry and McGinty, 1952
- Leurolepas J. H. McLean, 1970
- Lucapinella Pilsbry, 1890
- Macroschisma Sowerby, 1839
- Manganesepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- Medusafissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
- Montfortia Récluz, 1843
- 凸螺屬 Montfortista Iredale, 1929
- Montfortula Iredale, 1915
- Montfortulana Habe, 1961
- Nesta Adams, 1870
- Octomarginula McLean, 2011
- Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
- Profundisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- 天窗䗩屬 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
- Pupillaea Gray In Sowerby, 1835
- Rimula DeFrance, 1827
- Scelidotoma Choe, Yoon and Habe, 1992
- 笠罅螺屬 Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Stromboli Berry, 1954
- 土加䗩屬 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843
- Tugalina Habe, 1953
- Variemarginula McLean, 2011
- Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

異名：

- Austroglyphis Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Aviscutum Iredale, 1940: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Capiluna Gray, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- 孔螺屬 Cranopsis A. Adams, 1860：今作 天窗䗩屬 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
- Cemoria Risso, 1826 ex Leach MS: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Cremoria Gray, 1842: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Elegidion Iredale, 1924: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- 邊罅螺屬 Emarginella Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Entomella Cotton, 1945: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Fissuridea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Glyphis Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Legrandia Beddome, 1883: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- Megatebennus Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1839
- Nannoscutum Iredale, 1937: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Nesta H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- Notomella Cotton, 1957: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Parmophoridea Wenz, 1938: synonym of Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
- Parmophorus Blainville, 1817: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Plagiorhytis P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Montfortula Iredale, 1915
- Scutum P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Semperia Crosse, 1867: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Sipho T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Siphonella Issel, 1869: synonym of Montfortista Iredale, 1929
- Subemarginula Gray, 1847: synonym of Hemitoma Swainson, 1840
- Subzeidora Iredale, 1924: synonym of Emarginula (Subzeidora) Iredale, 1924
- Tugalia Gray, 1857: synonym of Tugali Gray, 1843
- Vacerra Iredale, 1924: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Zidora P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

## 延伸閱讀

- Sowerby, G.B. Jr. (1862). Monograph of the family Fissurellidae. Reprinted edition (1982). Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Luis Pisani Burnay: Lisboa, Portugal. 183-206, 9 col. Plates pp.

## 外部連結

- Archerd Shell Collection : Fissurellidae

## 基本資料

- 學名：Fissurellidae
- 說明：一組Diodora cayenensis的螺殼
- parent_authority：約翰·佛萊明 (博物學家), 1822
- 命名者：Fleming, 1822
- 栽培群成員：見內文
- 模式屬：Fissurella Bruguière, 1789