顎針蟻屬

顎針蟻屬 (Anochetus ) 主要棲息於熱帶及亞熱帶地區，少數幾種棲息於溫帶地區，具有觸發式大顎 (trap-jaw)，肉食性。姊妹群為鋸針蟻屬，鋸針蟻屬和顎針蟻屬是鋸針蟻族下唯二的成員，Santos et al. (2010) 的研究支持鋸針蟻屬是由顎針蟻屬演化而來的假說。

## 物種描述

具有細長並向前延伸的大顎，能夠打開至接近 180°，能夠以極快的速度閉合大顎。體型小至中等 (2.9 mm ~ 12 mm)。體色通常較為黯淡，棕色、黑色、紅色、黃色，有些物種雙色。

## 與易混淆物種的辨別方式

### 與鋸針蟻屬

鋸針蟻屬的腹柄節頂端具有一齒，而顎針蟻屬的具有兩齒或呈圓滑狀；鋸針蟻屬的頭部後方具有縫線，呈現倒 V 字形，有時候會稍微內凹，顎針蟻屬則呈現倒 U 字形。

### 與瘤顎家蟻

在野外小型的顎針蟻常和瘤顎家蟻搞混，但瘤顎家蟻有兩節腹柄節，而顎針蟻只有一節。

## 地區性物種分布

中國和台灣地區共有8種：

- 格拉夫鉤猛蟻 Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
- 蘭嶼鉤猛蟻 Anochetus lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
- 長鉤猛蟻 Anochetus longus Chen et al. 2019 長顎針蟻
- 馬達拉鉤猛蟻 Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
- 混雜鉤猛蟻 Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
- 墨脫鉤猛蟻 Anochetus medogensis Chen et al. 2019 墨脫顎針蟻
- 里氏鉤猛蟻 Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
- 小眼鉤猛蟻 Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912

## 物種列表

顎針蟻屬現生115種，已滅絕8種。化石皆產於多明尼加琥珀。

- Anochetus africanus (Mayr, 1865)
- Anochetus agilis Emery, 1901
- Anochetus alae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus altisquamis Mayr, 1887
- †Anochetus ambiguus De Andrade, 1994
- 安哥拉鉤猛蟻 Anochetus angolensis Brown, 1978 安哥拉顎針蟻
- Anochetus armstrongi McAreavey, 1949
- Anochetus avius Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913
- 雙刺鉤猛蟻 Anochetus bispinosus (Smith, 1858)
- Anochetus boltoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
- †Anochetus brevidentatus MacKay, 1991
- Anochetus brevis Brown, 1978
- Anochetus bytinskii Kugler & Ionescu, 2007
- Anochetus cato Forel, 1901
- Anochetus chirichinii Emery, 1897
- Anochetus chocoensis Fernández, 2008
- †Anochetus conisquamis De Andrade, 1994
- Anochetus consultans (Walker, 1859)
- †Anochetus corayi Baroni Urbani, 1980
- Anochetus cryptus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
- Anochetus daedalus
- Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912
- †Anochetus dubius De Andrade, 1994
- Anochetus elegans Lattke, 1987
- Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius, 1804)
- Anochetus evansi Crawley, 1922
- †Anochetus exstinctus De Andrade, 1994
- Anochetus faurei Arnold, 1948
- Anochetus filicornis (Wheeler, 1929)
- Anochetus fricatus Wilson, 1959
- Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948
- Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
- Anochetus gladiator (Mayr, 1862)
- Anochetus goodmani Fisher & Smith, 2008
- 格拉夫鉤猛蟻 Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
- Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891
- Anochetus haytianus Wheeler & Mann, 1914
- Anochetus hohenbergiae Feitosa & Delabie, 2012
- Anochetus horridus Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus inca Wheeler, 1925
- Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971
- Anochetus inermis André, 1889
- †Anochetus intermedius De Andrade, 1994
- Anochetus isolatus Mann, 1919
- Anochetus jonesi Arnold, 1926
- Anochetus kanariensis Forel, 1900
- Anochetus katonae Forel, 1907
- Anochetus kempfi Brown, 1978
- 蘭嶼鉤猛蟻 Anochetus lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
- Anochetus levaillanti Emery, 1895
- Anochetus leyticus Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus longifossatus Mayr, 1897
- Anochetus longispinus Wheeler, 1936
- 長鉤猛蟻 Anochetus longus Chen et al. 2019 長顎針蟻
- †Anochetus lucidus De Andrade, 1994
- 馬達加斯加鉤猛蟻 Anochetus madagascarensis Forel, 1887
- 馬達拉鉤猛蟻 Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
- Anochetus maryatiae Nuril Aida & Idris, 2011
- Anochetus maynei Forel, 1913
- Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884
- 墨脫鉤猛蟻 Anochetus medogensis Chen et al. 2019 墨脫顎針蟻
- Anochetus menozzii Donisthorpe, 1941
- Anochetus micans Brown, 1978
- Anochetus minans Mann, 1922
- Anochetus miserabilis González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008
- 混雜鉤猛蟻 Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
- Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932
- Anochetus myops Emery, 1893
- Anochetus natalensis Arnold, 1926
- Anochetus neglectus Emery, 1894
- Anochetus nietneri (Roger, 1861)
- Anochetus obscuratus Santschi, 1911
- Anochetus obscurior Brown, 1978
- Anochetus orchidicola Brown, 1978
- Anochetus oriens Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus orientalis André, 1887
- Anochetus pangantihoni Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus pangens (Walker, 1859)
- Anochetus paripungens Brown, 1978
- Anochetus pattersoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
- Anochetus pellucidus no authors, 1902
- Anochetus peracer Brown, 1978
- Anochetus princeps Emery, 1884
- Anochetus pubescens Brown, 1978
- Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901
- Anochetus pupulatus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus rectangularis Mayr, 1876
- Anochetus renatae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- 里氏鉤猛蟻 Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
- Anochetus rossi Donisthorpe, 1949
- Anochetus rothschildi Forel, 1907
- Anochetus rufolatus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus rufostenus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus rufus (Jerdon, 1851)
- Anochetus ruginotus Stitz, 1925
- Anochetus rugosus (Smith, 1857)
- Anochetus schoedli Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884
- 半黑鉤猛蟻 Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe, 1943
- Anochetus shohki Terayama, 1996
- Anochetus simoni Emery, 1890
- Anochetus siphneus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu, 1940
- Anochetus striatulus Emery, 1890
- Anochetus strigatellus Brown, 1978
- 小眼鉤猛蟻 Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912
- 台灣鉤猛蟻 Anochetus taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989 臺灣顎針蟻
- Anochetus talpa Forel, 1901
- Anochetus targionii Emery, 1894
- Anochetus testaceus Forel, 1893
- Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904
- Anochetus tua Brown, 1978
- Anochetus turneri Forel, 1900
- Anochetus validus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
- Anochetus vallensis Lattke, 1987
- Anochetus variegatus Donisthorpe, 1938
- Anochetus veronicae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus vexator Kempf, 1964
- 維多利亞鉤猛蟻 Anochetus victoriae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012 維多利亞顎針蟻
- Anochetus werneri Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus wiesiae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus yerburyi Forel, 1900
- 雲南鉤猛蟻 Anochetus yunnanensis Wang, 1993 雲南顎針蟻

## 基本資料

- diversity：123 種
- type_species_authority：(Spinola, 1851)
- 模式種：Odontomachus ghilianii
- 說明：Anochetus faurei worker
- 異名：Myrmapatetes Wheeler, 1929、Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862