體化認知

體化認知（又稱為體現的認知、具身認知，英語：Embodied cognition）是一種認知理論：無論是人類還是其他生物，其多數認知特徵是由生物體全身的各方面所塑造而成。

認知特徵包括高級的心理產物（例如概念和範疇）以及在各種認知任務（如推理或判斷）中的表現。而身體方面則包括運動系統、知覺系統，身體與環境的相互作用（情境性），以及根據生物體結構來設想這個世界。

它挑戰了認知主義、計算主義和笛卡爾二元論等理論，並且與外延心靈論、情境式認知和生成主義密切相關。它正隨著心理學、語言學、認知科學、動力學系統、人工智慧、機器人學、動物認知、植物認知和神經生物學等領域同步更新。

## 參考文獻

- Brooks, Rodney A. (1999). Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
- (1997). Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
- Damasio, Antonio (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- 傑拉爾德·埃德爾曼 (2004). Wider than the Sky: The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness. Yale University Press.
- (2005). How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
- Hendriks-Jansen, Horst (1996) Catching Ourselves in the Act: Situated Activity, Interactive Emergence, Evolution, and Human Thought. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
- Lakoff, George and (1980) Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press.
- Lakoff, George (1987) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind University of Chicago Press. .
- Lakoff, George and (1989) More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. University of Chicago Press.
- Lakoff, George and (1999) Philosophy In The Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. Basic Books.
- Lakoff, George and . (2001). . New York: Basic Books.
- Maturana, Humberto and Varela, Francisco (1987) The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambhala.
- (2001) Understanding Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
- and (2006) How the Body Shapes the Way We Think: A New View of Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
- Varela, Francisco J., , and . (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
- Wilson, M. (2001). The case for sensorimotor coding in working memory . Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, *, 44–57.

## 外部連結

- The Situated Body , a special issue of Janus Head: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature, Continental Philosophy, Phenomenological Psychology and the Arts. Guest edited by Shaun Gallagher.
- Embodiment and Experientialism from the Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pdf)
- Embodied Cognition: A Field Guide (pdf) – from an Artificial Intelligence perspective
- Where the Action Is by - for applications to human-computer interaction.
- Pragmatism, Ideology, and Embodiment: William James and the Philosophical Foundations of Embodiment by Tim Rohrer
- Society for the Scientific Study of Embodiment
- Embodied Cognition – Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- 2001 Summary of how the embodiment hypothesis of cognitive linguistics has begun to interact with theories of embodiment in fields ranging from cognitive anthropology to cognitive neuroscience
- Goddard College's Embodiment Studies Web Resources
- Embodiment Resources – for those researching into embodiment, particularly as it relates to phenomenology, sociology and cognitive neuroscience.
- EUCog – European Network for the Advancement of Artificial Cognitive Systems, Interaction and Robotics Many references here to up to date research on embodiment and enaction