草蓆鐘螺屬

草蓆鐘螺屬（學名：Monodonta），是原始腹足目鐘螺科的一屬。

拉馬克於1801年將本屬從林奈的鐘螺屬（Trochus）中分離出來，以草蓆鐘螺（Monodonta labio）為模式種。

本屬的學名直譯就是「單齒螺」，而這名稱也是來自中國大陸的文獻最普遍使用的譯名。然而，「單齒螺」這個譯名有歧義：還有另一個螺的屬也可譯作「單齒螺」；但本屬的台灣譯名「草蓆鐘螺屬」並不會引起歧義，所以本條採取了這個譯名。

## 特徵

本屬通常擁有厚重的圓錐狀螺旋形硬殼，殼表面光滑或有螺旋凸紋，開口外緣內面有褶皺。瓷質的短軸柱堅固、呈膨大圓柱狀、近基部或多或少帶鋸齒狀，齒與基底邊緣之間有方形槽溝紋。殼洞高位開口而寬闊。

## 分布

從印度洋中西部、中印半島、馬來群島至大洋洲，包括菲律賓、日本、澳洲（北領地、昆士蘭州、西澳大利亞州）等都有本屬的分布。

## 物種

本屬物種計有：

- Monodonta australis (Lamarck, 1816)
- Monodonta canalifera Lamarck, 1816
- 圓草蓆鐘螺 Monodonta confusa Tapparone-Canefri, 1874
- Monodonta gibbula Thiele, 1925
- Monodonta glabrata Gould, 1861
- 草蓆鐘螺 Monodonta labio (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Monodonta lugubris Lamarck, 1822
- Monodonta nebulosa Forsskal in Niebuhr, 1775
- 黑草蓆鐘螺 Monodonta neritoides (Philippi, 1849)
- 扭鐘螺 Monodonta perplexa Pilsbry, 1889
- Monodonta turbinata
- Monodonta vermiculata (P. Fischer, 1874)
- Monodonta viridis Lamarck, 1816

曾列於本屬名下的物種異名：

- Monodonta (Osilinus) Philippi, 1847 = Osilinus Philippi, 1847
- Monodonta adelaidae Philippi, 1849 = Chlorodiloma adelaidae (Philippi, 1849)
- Monodonta aegyptiaca Lamarck, 1822 = Rubritrochus declivis (Forskål, 1775)
- Monodonta alveolata A. Adams, 1853 = Herpetopoma instrictum (Gould, 1849)
- Monodonta angulifera A. Adams, 1853 = Perrinia angulifera (A. Adams, 1853)
- Monodonta belliaei Michaud, 1829 = Homalopoma sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Monodonta berthelotii d'Orbigny, 1840 = Clanculus berthelotii (d'Orbigny, 1840)
- Monodonta bourcierei Crosse, 1863 = Herpetopoma instrictum (Gould, 1849)
- Monodonta carchedonius Lamarck, 1822 = Modulus carchedonius (Lamarck, 1822)
- Monodonta clathrata A. Adams, 1853 = Vaceuchelus clathratus (A. Adams, 1853)
- Monodonta colubrina (Gould, 1851) = Osilinus sauciatus (Koch, 1845)
- Monodonta conica Gray, 1827 = Thalotia conica (Gray, 1827)
- Monodonta constellata (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1863) = Trochus constellatus Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1863
- Monodonta constricta Lamarck, 1822 = Austrocochlea constricta (Lamarck, 1822)
- Monodonta coronaria Lamarck, 1816 = Tectarius grandinatus (Gmelin, 1791)
- Monodonta couturii Payraudeau, B.-C., 1826 = Clanculus corallinus (Gmelin, J.F., 1791)
- Monodonta crinita Philippi, 1849 = Chlorodiloma crinita (Philippi, 1849)
- Monodonta dama (Philippi, 1848): synonym of Monodonta nebulosa Forsskal in Niebuhr, 1775
- Monodonta draparnaudii Payraudeau, 1826 = Phorcus articulatus (Lamarck, 1822)
- Monodonta fischeri Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866 = Herpetopoma fischeri (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866); synonym of Herpetopoma exasperatum (A. Adams, 1853)
- Monodonta foveolata A. Adams, 1853 = Vaceuchelus clathratus (A. Adams, 1853)
- Monodonta fragaroides Lamarck, 1822 = Phorcus turbinatus (Born, 1778)
- Monodonta fulgurata (Philippi, 1846): synonym of Oxystele fulgurata (Philippi, 1848)
- Monodonta glomus Philippi, 1844 = Clanculus jussieui (Payraudeau, 1826)
- Monodonta immanis Fischer, 1880 = Monodonta labio (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Monodonta jussieui Payraudeau, 1826 = Clanculus jussieui (Payraudeau, 1826)
- Monodonta kraussii Philippi, 1846 = Clanculus kraussii (Philippi, 1846)
- Monodonta lessoni Payraudeau, 1826 = Gibbula divaricata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Monodonta limbata Philippi, 1844 = Danilia tinei (Calcara, 1839)
- Monodonta lineata (Da Costa, 1778) synonym of Osilinus lineatus (da Costa, 1778)
- Monodonta margaritaria Philippi, 1846 = Clanculus margaritarius (Philippi, 1846)
- Monodonta melaurchelonis Philippi = Monodonta labio (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Monodonta mutabilis (Philippi, 1846) = Phorcus mutabilis (Philippi, 1846)
- Monodonta obscura (Wood, 1828): synonym of Priotrochus obscurus (W. Wood, 1828)
- Monodonta olivieri Payraudeau, 1826 = Phorcus turbinatus (Born, 1778)
- Monodonta punicea Philippi, 1846 = Clanculus puniceus (Philippi, 1846)
- Monodonta richardi Payraudeau, 1826(Payraudeau, 1826)
- Monodonta rubra A. Adams, 1851 = Herpetopoma rubrum (A. Adams, 1851)
- Monodonta sagittifera Lamarck = Oxystele impervia (Menke, 1843)
- Monodonta subrostrata Gray, 1835 = Diloma subrostrata (Gray, 1835)
- Monodonta tigrinus Odhner, 1923 = Oxystele tigrina (Anton, 1838)
- Monodonta tinei Calcara, 1839 = Danilia tinei (Calcara, 1839)
- Monodonta tridentata Potiez & Michaud, 1838 = Tegula tridentata (Potiez & Michaud, 1838)
- Monodonta tuberculata A. Adams, 1853 = Monodonta labio (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Monodonta ulvae Risso, 1826 = Phorcus articulatus (Lamarck, 1822)
- Monodonta vieilliotii Payraudeau, 1826 = Clanculus cruciatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

## 參考文獻

- Lamarck, 1799, Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 1: 74; Monodon Cuvier, 1817 is an incorrect subsequent spelling.
- Montfort, 1810, Conchyliologie systématique, 2: 194; Unjustified emendation of Monodonta
- Moore, R.C. (1964). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part 1. Kansas : University of Kansas Press and Geological Society of America. Vol.1
- Donald K.M., Kennedy M. & Spencer H.G. (2005) The phylogeny and taxonomy of austral monodontine topshells (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae), inferred from DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 474-483.
- Williams S.T., Donald K.M., Spencer H.G. & Nakano T. (2010) Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:783-809.

## 基本資料

- 說明：草蓆鐘螺 Monodonta labio
- 學名：Monodonta
- 命名者：Lamarck, 1799
- 模式種：草蓆鐘螺、Monodonta labio
- type_species_authority：(Linnaeus, 1758)
- subdivision_ranks：物種
- 栽培群成員：見內文
- 異名：Labio Oken, 1815、Monodontes Montfort, 1810、Neomonodonta Kuroda & Habe, 1971、Odontis Sowerby, 1825、Pimpellies Gistel, 1848、Trochidon Swainson, 1840