波菲利 (哲學家)

波菲利（Πορφύριος；فرفوريوس；讀音：ˈ；約234年約305年）是在羅馬統治期間出生在泰爾的新柏拉圖哲學家。

他撰寫了涉及許多主題的作品，涵蓋音樂、荷馬以及素食主義。他編輯並出版了《九章集》，這是有關他的老師普羅提諾著作的唯一合集。他對歐幾里得的幾何原本評論曾被帕普斯引用。他的著作《導論 (波菲利)》在中世紀被認為是邏輯學和哲學的入門書和教科書，並被翻譯成拉丁語和阿拉伯語。波菲利是一名反基督教人士，著有《Philosophy from Oracles》和《反對基督徒》（Against the Christians）等反基督教著作。《反對基督徒》後來甚至被君士坦丁大帝所取締。

## 參考文獻

### 資料來源

- Beutler, R. (1894–1980). "Porphyrios (21)" in A. Pauly, G. Wissowa, W. Kroll, K. Witte, K. Mittelhaus and K. Ziegler, eds., Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, vol. 22.1.
- also available at tertullian.org

### 更多閱讀

- Bidez, J. (1913). Vie de Porphyre. Ghent.
- Clark, Gillian, "Porphyry of Tyre on the New Barbarians," in R. Miles (ed), Constructing Identities in Late Antiquity (London: Routledge, 1999), 112–132; = in Eadem, Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XIV.
- Clark, Gillian, "Philosophic Lives and the philosophic life: Porphyry and Iamblichus," in T. Hägg and P. Rousseau (eds), Greek Biography and Panegyric in Late Antiquity (Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 2000), 29–51; = in Eadem, Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XV.
- Clark, Gillian, "Fattening the soul: Christian asceticism and Porphyry On Abstinence," Studia Patristica, 35, 2001, 41-51; = in Eadem, Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XVI.
- Emilsson, E., "Porphyry" . Retrieved April 19, 2009.
- Iamblichus: De mysteriis. Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Emma C. Clarke, John M. Dillon and Jackson P. Hershbell (Society of Biblical Literature; 2003) 1-58983-058-X.
- Girgenti, G. (1987) Porfirio negli ultimi cinquant'anni: bibliografia sistematica e ragionata della letteratura primaria e secondaria riguardante il pensiero porfiriano e i suoi influssi storici Milan.
- Smith, Andrew (1987) Porphyrian Studies since 1913, in W. Haase, ed., Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II.36.2, pp. 717–773.
- Smith, Andrew (1974) Porphyry's Place in the Neoplatonic Tradition. A Study in post-Plotinian Neoplatonism, The Hague, Nijhoff.
- Zuiddam, B. A. "Old Critics and Modern Theology," Dutch Reformed Theological Journal (South Africa), xxxvi, 1995, No. 2.

## 外部連結

- Porphyry Malchus (mathematician) – entry in MacTutor History of Maths Archives.
- Περὶ τοῦ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ τῶν Νυμφῶν Ἄντρου (The Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey), original Greek text.
- Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὴν Ἀποτελεσματικὴν τοῦ Πτολεμαίου (Introduction to Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos), original Greek text.
- Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book I , translated by Thomas Taylor.
- Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book II , translated by Thomas Taylor.
- Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book III , translated by Thomas Taylor.
- Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book IV , translated by Thomas Taylor.
- Porphyry, On the Cave of Nymphs , translated by Thomas Taylor.
- Porphyry, Auxiliaries to the Perception of Intelligible Natures, translated by Thomas Taylor.
- Porphyry, Isagoge , translated by Octavius Freire Owen.
- The Isagoge, or Introduction of Porphyry, translated by Thomas Taylor with an extensive preface by the translator.
- Porphyry, On the Life of Plotinus
- Porphyry, Comments on the Book of Daniel.
- Additional texts, edited by Roger Pearse

## 基本資料

- 著名思想：波菲利之樹, 對基督教的批評, 素食主義