墨頭魚屬

墨頭魚屬（學名：Garra）為輻鰭魚綱鯉形目鯉科野鯪亞科的一個屬，常用於水族缸內以清除缸內生長的藍藻。儘管本屬物種的絕大部份（超過100個物種）原生於亞洲，當中有五分之一物種分佈於非洲（但只限於東中及西非，不包括北非及南部非洲），當中以衣索比亞的物種多樣性最高。

本屬由蘇格蘭自然學家弗朗西斯·布坎南-漢密爾頓（Francis Buchanan-Hamilton）於1822年建立，作為鯉屬之下的一個亞屬，未有指定模式屬。

## 物種

現時本屬有物種122種，分別如下：

Garra abhoyai｜Hora, 1921

衣索比亞墨頭魚｜Garra aethiopica｜Pellegrin, 1927

異口墨頭魚｜Garra allostoma｜T. R. Roberts, 1990

高體墨頭魚｜Garra alticorpora｜Chu et Cui

Garra alticaputus｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

安氏墨頭魚｜Garra annandalei｜Hora, 1921(Annandale garra)

天竺墨頭魚｜Garra apogon｜Norman, 1925

Garra arunachalensis｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013

阿勒氏墨頭魚｜Garra arupi｜Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & D. N. Das, 2009

巴氏墨頭魚｜Garra barreimiae｜Fowler & Steinitz, 1956

- Garra barreimiae barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956
- Garra barreimiae shawkahensis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977

雙鬚墨頭魚｜Garra bibarbatus｜V. H. Nguyễn, 2001

雙角墨頭魚｜Garra bicornuta｜Narayan Rao, 1920(Tunga garra)

Garra bimaculacauda｜Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016

Garra birostris｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013

Garra bisangularis｜Z. M. Chen, X. Y. Wu & H. Xiao, 2010

雙刺墨頭魚｜Garra bispinosa｜E. Zhang, 2005

布氏墨頭魚｜Garra blanfordii｜Boulenger, 1901

博尼墨頭魚｜Garra borneensis｜Vaillant, 1902

伯氏墨頭魚｜Garra bourreti｜Pellegrin, 1928

比氏墨頭魚｜Garra buettikeri｜Krupp, 1983

紋尾盆唇魚｜Garra caudofasciatus

斯里蘭卡墨頭魚｜Garra ceylonensis｜Bleeker, 1863(Ceylon logsucker)

Garra chakpiensis｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015

穴棲墨頭魚｜Garra chebera｜Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010

側扁墨頭魚｜Garra compressus｜Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998

剛果墨頭魚｜Garra congoensis｜Poll, 1959(Congo logsucker)

缺鬚盆唇魚｜Garra cryptonemus

圓口墨頭魚｜Garra cyclostomata｜Đ. Y. Mai, 1978

寮國墨頭魚｜Garra cyrano｜Kottelat, 2000

Garra dampaensis｜Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013

暗鰭墨頭魚｜Garra dembecha｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

登比墨頭魚｜Garra dembeensis｜Rüppell, 1835(Cameroon logsucker)

杜朗墨頭魚｜Garra dulongensis｜(Chen, Pan, Kong & Yang, 2006)

鄧氏墨頭魚｜Garra dunsirei｜Banister, 1987

小鬚墨頭魚｜Garra duobarbis｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

長身墨頭魚｜Garra elongata｜Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000

Garra emarginata｜Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011

埃氏墨頭魚｜Garra ethelwynnae｜Menon, 1958

裂唇墨頭魚｜Garra findolabium｜F. L. Li, W. Zhou & Q. Fu, 2008

費氏墨頭魚｜Garra fisheri｜Fowler, 1937

熊貓墨頭魚｜Garra flavatra｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

Garra fluviatilis｜Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish, 2016

泰國墨頭魚｜Garra fuliginosa｜Fowler, 1934

格巴墨頭魚｜Garra geba｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

約旦墨頭魚｜Garra ghorensis｜Krupp, 1982(Jordanian logsucker)

Garra gotyla｜J. E. Gray, 1830

- 銀色墨頭魚 Garra gotyla gotyla J. E. Gray, 1830(Sucker head)
- 狹吻墨頭魚 Garra gotyla stenorhynchus Jerdon, 1849(Nilgiris garra)

細墨頭魚｜Garra gracilis｜Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936

溝額墨頭魚｜Garra gravelyi｜Annandale, 1919

海南墨頭魚｜Garra hainanensis｜Y. R. Chen & C. Y. Zheng, 1983

欣氏墨頭魚｜Garra hindii｜Boulenger, 1905

休氏墨頭魚｜Garra hughi｜Silas, 1955(Cardamon garra)

伊氏墨頭魚｜Garra ignestii｜Gianferrari, 1925

無髭墨頭魚｜Garra imbarbatus｜V. H. Nguyễn, 2001

無鬚墨頭魚｜Garra imberba｜Garman, 1912，高體墨頭魚

無髯墨頭魚｜Garra imberbis｜Vinciguerra, 1890

Garra incisorbis｜Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2016

Garra jaldhakaensis｜Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das, 2021

喬丹墨頭魚｜Garra jordanica｜Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014

克拉肯德墨頭魚｜Garra kalakadensis｜Rema Devi, 1993

Garra kalpangi｜Nebeshwar, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012

西藏墨頭魚｜Garra kempi｜Hora, 1921(Kemp garra)

Garra khawbungi｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014

Garra kimini｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

越南墨頭魚｜Garra laichowensis｜V. H. Nguyễn & L. H. Doan, 1969

墨頭魚｜Garra lamta｜F. Hamilton, 1822

蘭克墨頭魚｜Garra lancrenonensis｜Blache & Miton, 1960

華麗墨頭魚｜Garra lautior｜Banister, 1987

裸吻墨頭魚｜Garra lissorhynchus｜McClelland, 1842(Khasi garra)

利頓河墨頭魚｜Garra litanensis｜Vishwanath, 1993

長鰭墨頭魚｜Garra longipinnis｜Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977

Garra lorestanensis｜Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016

Garra magnidiscus｜Tamang, 2013

密金墨頭魚｜Garra makiensis｜Boulenger, 1904

葉門墨頭魚｜Garra mamshuqa｜Krupp, 1983

曼尼普河墨頭魚｜Garra manipurensis｜Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988

麥氏墨頭魚｜Garra mcclellandi｜Jerdon, 1849(Cauvery garra)

梅氏墨頭魚｜Garra menoni｜Rema Devi & Indra, 1984

小墊墨頭魚｜Garra micropulvinus｜W. Zhou, X. F. Pan & Kottelat, 2005

Garra minimus｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

奇額墨頭魚｜Garra mirofrontis｜X. L. Chu & G. H. Cui, 1987

Garra mlapparaensis｜Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011

馬耶墨頭魚｜Garra mullya｜Sykes, 1839(Mullya garra)

那加墨頭魚｜Garra naganensis｜Hora, 1921(Naga garra)

溪墨頭魚｜Garra nambulica｜Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005

Garra namyaensis｜Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012

長鬚墨頭魚｜Garra nasuta｜McClelland, 1838(Nose logsucker)

Garra nethravathiensis｜Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014

Garra nigricauda｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

黑項墨頭魚｜Garra nigricollis｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

顯赫墨頭魚｜Garra notata｜Blyth, 1860(Tenasserim garra)

怒江墨頭魚｜Garra nujiangensis｜Z. M. Chen, S. Zhao & J. X. Yang, 2009

東方墨頭魚｜Garra orientalis｜Nichols, 1925

飾妝墨頭魚｜Garra ornata｜Nichols & Griscom, 1917

Garra palaruvica｜Arunachalam, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

Garra panitvongi｜Tangjitjaroen, Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page, 2023

光吻墨頭魚｜Garra paralissorhynchus｜Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005

Garra parastenorhynchus｜Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016

佩里亞湖墨頭魚｜Garra periyarensis｜Gopi, 2001

伊朗墨頭魚｜Garra persica｜L. S. Berg, 1914

菲氏墨頭魚｜Garra phillipsi｜Deraniyagala, 1933(Philipps' garra)

Garra pingi

- 墨頭魚 Garra pingi subsp. pingi Tchang

斑尾色墨頭魚｜Garra poecilura｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

波氏墨頭魚｜Garra poilanei｜Petit & T. L. Tchang, 1933

吻墊墨頭魚｜Garra propulvinus｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

橋街墨頭魚｜Garra qiaojiensis｜H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977

Garra quadratirostris｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013

四斑墨頭魚｜Garra quadrimaculata｜Rüppell, 1835：又稱蒂巴墨頭魚。

闊尾墨頭魚｜Garra rakhinica｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

寛尾墨頭魚｜Garra regressus｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

Garra rezai｜Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof, 2022

羅氏墨頭魚｜Garra robertsi｜R. J. Thoni & Mayden, 2015

露西卡墨頭魚｜Garra rossica｜A. M. Nikolskii, 1900

圓鼻墨頭魚｜Garra rotundinasus｜E. Zhang, 2006

淡紅墨頭魚｜Garra rufa｜Heckel, 1843(Reddish logsucker)

岩間墨頭魚｜Garra rupecula｜McClelland, 1839(Mishmi garra)

Garra sahilia｜Krupp, 1983

沙烏地阿拉伯墨頭魚｜Garra sahilia gharbia｜Krupp, 1983

薩希利墨頭魚｜Garra sahilia sahilia｜Krupp, 1983

薩爾溫江墨頭魚｜Garra salweenica｜Hora & Mukerji, 1934

斯馬特墨頭魚｜Garra smarti｜Krupp & Budd, 2009

七星墨頭魚｜Garra spilota｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004：又稱雜斑墨頭魚。

休倫氏墨頭魚｜Garra surendranathanii｜Shaji, Arun & Easa, 1996

Garra surinbinnani

塔納湖墨頭魚｜Garra tana｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

騰衝墨頭魚｜Garra tengchongensis｜E. Zhang & Yi-Yu Chen, 2002

Garra tashanensis｜Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016

湄公河墨頭魚｜Garra theunensis｜Kottelat, 1998

Garra tibanica｜Trewavas, 1941

特氏墨頭魚｜Garra trewavasai｜Monod, 1950

Garra tyao｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014

Garra ukhrulensis｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015

變色墨頭魚｜Garra variabilis｜Heckel, 1843

飾帶墨頭魚｜Garra vittatula｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

Garra waensis｜Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014

旺氏墨頭魚｜Garra wanae｜Regan, 1914

瓦氏墨頭魚｜Garra waterloti｜Pellegrin, 1935

彝良墨頭魚｜Garra yiliangensis｜H. W. Wu & Q. Z. Chen, 1977，宜良墨頭魚

## 基本資料

- 學名：Garra
- 說明：Garra rufa
- 命名者：F. Hamilton, 1822
- 模式種：Garra rufa
- type_species_authority：Heckel, 1843
- 異名：Ageneiogarra Garman, 1912、Brachygramma Day, 1865、Discognathichthys Bleeker, 1860、Discognathus Heckel, 1843、Lissorhynchus Bleeker, 1860、Mayoa Day, 1870、Placocheilus Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen & He, 1977、Platycara McClelland, 1838