英國皇家科學院聖誕講座

聖誕講座，或稱耶誕講座（Royal Institution Christmas Lectures）是指自1825年以來由英國皇家科學院在倫敦所辦的系列講座，向大眾介紹科學新知為名，而以易懂且富娛樂性為其特色，如化學家法拉第的最著名的通俗科學演講蠟燭系列講座。

## 歷年講座

### 沒有電視直播的年代：1825到1965

年份｜演講者｜主題

1825｜John Millington｜自然哲學

1826｜John Wallis｜解剖學

1827｜麥可·法拉第｜化學

1828｜J. Wood｜建築學

1829｜麥可·法拉第｜電學

1830｜Thomas Webster｜地質學

1831｜James Rennie｜動物學

1832｜麥可·法拉第｜化學

1833｜約翰·林德利｜植物學

1834｜威廉·托馬斯·布蘭德｜Chemistry

1835｜麥可·法拉第｜Electricity

1836｜威廉·托馬斯·布蘭德｜Chemistry of the Gases

1837｜麥可·法拉第｜Chemistry

1838｜John Wallis｜Astronomy

1839｜威廉·托馬斯·布蘭德｜The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and the Ocean

1840｜約翰·弗雷德里克·丹尼爾｜The First Principles of Franklinic Electricity

1841｜麥可·法拉第｜The Rudiments of Chemistry

1842｜威廉·托馬斯·布蘭德｜The Chemistry of the Non-Metallic Elements

1843｜麥可·法拉第｜First Principles of Electricity

1844｜威廉·托馬斯·布蘭德｜The Chemistry of the Gases

1845｜麥可·法拉第｜The Rudiments of Chemistry

1846｜John Wallis｜The Rudiments of Astronomy

1847｜威廉·托馬斯·布蘭德｜The Elements of Organic Chemistry

1848｜麥可·法拉第｜The Chemical History of a Candle

1849｜Robert Walker｜The Properties of Matter and the Laws of Motion

1850｜威廉·托馬斯·布蘭德｜The Chemistry of Coal

1851｜麥可·法拉第｜Attractive Forces

1852｜Chemistry

1853｜Voltaic Electricity

1854｜The Chemistry of Combustion

1855｜The Distinctive Properties of the Common Metals

1856｜Attractive Forces

1857｜Static Electricity

1858｜The Metallic Properties

1859｜The Various Forces of Matter and their Relations to Each Other

1860｜The Chemical History of a Candle

1861｜約翰·丁達爾｜Light

1862｜愛德華·弗蘭克蘭｜Air and Water

1863｜約翰·丁達爾｜Electricity at Rest and Electricity in Motion

1864｜愛德華·弗蘭克蘭｜The Chemistry of a Coal

1865｜約翰·丁達爾｜Sound

1866｜愛德華·弗蘭克蘭｜The Chemistry of Gases

1867｜約翰·丁達爾｜Heat and Cold

1868｜威廉·奧德林｜The Chemical Changes of Carbon

1869｜約翰·丁達爾｜Light

1870｜威廉·奧德林｜Burning and Unburning

1871｜約翰·丁達爾｜Ice, Water, Vapour and Air

1872｜威廉·奧德林｜Air and Gas

1873｜約翰·丁達爾｜The Motion and Sensation of Sound

1874｜約翰·霍爾·格拉德斯通｜The Voltaic Battery

1875｜約翰·丁達爾｜Experimental Electricity

1876｜約翰·霍爾·格拉德斯通｜The Chemistry of Fire

1877｜約翰·丁達爾｜Heat, Visible and Invisible

1878｜詹姆斯·杜瓦｜A Soap Bubble

1879｜約翰·丁達爾｜Water and Air

1880｜詹姆斯·杜瓦｜Atoms

1881｜羅伯特·斯德威爾·鮑爾｜The Sun, the Moon and the Planets

1882｜約翰·丁達爾｜Light and the Eye

1883｜詹姆斯·杜瓦｜Alchemy in Relation to Modern Science

1884｜約翰·丁達爾｜The Sources of Electricity

1885｜詹姆斯·杜瓦｜The Story of a Meteorite

1886｜The Chemistry of Light and Photography

1887｜羅伯特·斯德威爾·鮑爾｜Astronomy

1888｜詹姆斯·杜瓦｜Clouds and Cloudland

1889｜Arthur Rücker｜Electricity

1890｜詹姆斯·杜瓦｜霜與火

1891｜約翰·格雷·麥肯特列克｜Life in Motion; or the Animal Machine

1892｜羅伯特·斯德威爾·鮑爾｜Astronomy

1893｜詹姆斯·杜瓦｜空氣：氣體和液體

1894｜約翰·弗萊明｜電流作的功

1895｜約翰·格雷·麥肯特列克｜Sound, Hearing and Speech

1896｜Sylvanus Phillips Thompson｜Light, Visible and Invisible

1897｜Oliver Lodge｜The Principles of the Electric Telegraph

1898｜羅伯特·斯德威爾·鮑爾｜Astronomy

1899｜查爾斯·弗農·博伊斯｜運動和靜止狀態下的流體

1900｜羅伯特·斯德威爾·鮑爾｜Great Chapters from the Book of Nature

1901｜約翰·弗萊明｜水、空氣和以太的波浪和漣漪

1902｜Henry Selby Hele-Shaw｜Locomotion : On the Earth, Through the Water, in the Air

1903｜E·雷·蘭克斯特｜Extinct Animals

1904｜Henry Cunynghame｜Ancient and Modern Methods of Measuring Time

1905｜赫伯特·霍爾·特納｜Astronomy

1906｜威廉·達德爾｜Signalling to a Distance

1907｜戴維·吉爾｜新舊天文學

1908｜威廉·斯特林｜The Wheel of Life

1909｜威廉·達德爾｜Modern Electricity

1910｜Sylvanus Phillips Thompson｜Sound: Musical and Non-Musical

1911｜Peter Chalmers Mitchell｜The Childhood of Animals

1912｜詹姆斯·杜瓦｜最後一次聖誕講座

1913｜赫伯特·霍爾·特納｜A Voyage in Space

1914｜查爾斯·弗農·博伊斯｜住宅中的科學

1915｜赫伯特·霍爾·特納｜Wireless Messages from the Stars

1916｜阿瑟·基思｜The Human Machine Which All Must Work

1917｜約翰·弗萊明｜我們有用的僕人：磁和電

1918｜達西·湯普森｜The Fish of the Sea

1919｜威廉·亨利·布拉格｜聲音的世界

1920｜John Arthur Thomson｜The Haunts of Life

1921｜約翰·弗萊明｜電波與無線電話

1922｜赫伯特·霍爾·特納｜Six Steps Up the Ladder to the Stars

1923｜威廉·亨利·布拉格｜關於事物的本質

1924｜Francis Balfour-Browne｜Concerning the Habits of Insects

1925｜威廉·亨利·布拉格｜老手藝與新知識

1926｜阿奇博爾德·希爾｜神經和肌肉：我們的感覺和運動

1927｜愛德華·安德拉德｜Engines

1928｜Alexander Wood｜Sound Waves and their Uses

1929｜Stephen Glanville｜How Things Were Done in Ancient Egypt

1930｜Arthur Mannering Tyndall｜The Electric Spark

1931｜威廉·亨利·布拉格｜光的宇宙

1932｜Alexander Oliver Rankine｜The Round of the Waters

1933｜詹姆士·金斯｜穿越時空

1934｜威廉·勞倫斯·布拉格｜電

1935｜Charles Edward Kenneth Mees｜Photography

1936｜傑弗里·泰勒｜輪船

1937｜朱利安·赫胥黎｜珍稀野生動物的消失

1938｜James Kendall｜Young Chemists and Great Discoveries

1939–1942｜因第二次世界大戰爆發而暫停

1943｜愛德華·安德拉德｜Vibrations and Waves

1944｜Harold Spencer Jones｜Astronomy in our Daily Life

1945｜勞勃·華生-瓦特｜無線電報

1946｜Hamilton Hartridge｜Colours and How We See Them

1947｜埃里克·凱特利·里德爾｜Chemical Reactions: How They Work

1948｜弗雷德里克·巴特萊特｜工作和娛樂的大腦

1949｜Percy Dunsheath｜The Electric Current

1950｜愛德華·安德拉德｜Waves and Vibrations

1951｜詹姆斯·格雷｜How Animals Move

1952｜F. Sherwood Taylor｜How Science Has Grown

1953｜John Ashworth Ratcliffe｜The Uses of Radio Waves

1954｜弗蘭克·惠特爾｜石油的故事

1955｜Harry W. Melville｜Big Molecules

1956｜Harry Baines｜Photography

1957｜朱利安·赫胥黎和James Fisher｜Birds

1958｜John Ashworth Ratcliffe, James M. Stagg, Robert L. F. Boyd, Graham Sutton, George E. R. Deacon, Gordon de Quetteville Robin｜國際地球物理年

1959｜Thomas Allibone｜The Release and Use of Atomic Energy

1960｜Vernon Ellis Cosslett｜Seeing the Very Small

1961｜威廉·勞倫斯·布拉格｜Electricity

1962｜R. E. D. (Richard Evelyn Donohue) Bishop｜Vibration

1963｜Ronald King｜Energy

1964｜德斯蒙德·莫利斯｜Animal Behaviour

1965｜Bernard Lovell, Francis Graham-Smith, 馬丁·賴爾、安東尼·休伊什｜Exploration of the Universe

### 電視直播的年代：1966至今

年份｜演講者｜主題｜分節標題｜電視台

1966｜埃里克·萊思韋特Eric Laithwaite｜The Engineer in Wonderland仙境中的工程師｜1. The White Rabbit 2. Only the Grin was Left 3. The Caucus Race 4. Curiouser and Curiouser 5. If only I were the right size to do it 6. It's the Oldest Rule in the Book｜BBC Two

1967｜理察·L·格里高利Richard Langton Gregory｜The Intelligent Eye聰明的眼睛｜1. Ancient Eyes and Simple Brains 2. Learning to See Things 3. Playing with Illusions 4. How Illusions Play Games with Us 5. Human Eyes in Space 6. The Future-Machines that See?

1968｜菲利普·莫里森Philip Morrison｜Gulliver's Laws: The Physics of Large and Small格列佛定律：關於大和小的物理學｜1. The World of Captain Gulliver 2. Meat and Drink Sufficient... 3. A Prodigious Leap? 4. Lilliput and Brobdingnag since the Industrial Revolution 5. Dwarf and Giant Numbers 6. Beyond the Map

1969｜喬治·波特George Porter｜Time Machines時間機器｜1. In the Beginning... 2. Clockwork Harmony 3. The Tick of the Atom 4. Big Time, Little Time 5. Faster, Faster 6. To the Ends of Time

1970｜約翰·R·內皮爾John Napier｜Monkeys Without Tails: A Giraffe's Eye-view of Man沒有尾巴的猴子：長頸鹿眼中的人類｜1. Man has a very short neck and no tail 2. Man comes in several different sizes and shapes 3. Fancy having to climb trees in order to eat 4. Man chooses a sensible place to live at last 5. Why choose to walk on two legs when it is much safer on four? 6. What's the idea of shooting at us?

1971｜查爾斯·A·泰勒Charles Taylor｜Sounds of Music: The Science of Tones and Tune音樂之聲：音調和曲調的科學｜1. Making and Measuring the Waves 2. From Small Beginnings 3. Growing and Changing 4. Craftsmanship and Technology 5. On the Way to the Ear 6. The End of the Journey

1972｜Geoffrey G. Gouriet｜Ripples in the Ether: The Science of Radio Communication｜1. How It All Began 2. Getting Rid of the Wires 3. The Sound of Broadcasting 4. Pictures With and Without Wires 5. But Electrons aren't Coloured! 6. Vision of the Future

1973｜戴維·阿滕伯勒David Attenborough｜The Language of Animals動物的語言｜1. Beware! 2. Be Mine 3. Parents and Children 4. Simple Signs and Complicated Communications 5. Foreign Languages 6. Animal Language, Human Language

1974｜埃里克·萊思韋特Eric Laithwaite｜The Engineer Through the Looking Glass｜1. Looking Glass House 2. Tweedledum and Tweedledee 3. Jam Yesterday, Jam Tomorrow 4. The Jabberwock 5. The Time has come the Walrus said 6. It's my own Invention

1975｜Heinz Wolff｜Signals from the Interior｜1. You as an engine 2. Pumps pipes and flows 3. Spikes and waves 4. Probes, sondes and sounds 5. Looking through your skin 6. Signals from the mind

1976｜喬治·波特George Porter｜The Natural History of a Sunbeam｜1. First Light 2. Light and Life 3. A Leaf from Nature 4. Candles from the Sun 5. Making Light Work 6. Survival Under the Sun

1977｜卡爾·薩根Carl Sagan｜The Planets｜1. The Earth as a Planet 2. The Outer Solar System and Life 3. The History of Mars 4. Mars before Viking 5. Mars after Viking 6. Planetary Systems Beyond Our Sun

1978｜埃里克·克里斯多福·齊曼Erik Christopher Zeeman｜Mathematics into Pictures｜1. Linking and Knotting 2. Numbers and Geometry 3. Infinity and Perspective 4. Games and Evolution 5. Waves and Music 6. Catastrophe and Psychology

1979｜Eric M. Rogers｜Atoms for Engineering Minds: A Circus of Experiments｜1. Getting to Know Atoms 2. Molecules in Motion 3. Electrified Atoms 4. Atoms that Explode 5. Atoms and Energy 6. Seeing Atoms at Last

1980｜大衛·奇爾頓·菲利浦斯 馬克斯·佩魯茨演講了第5節David Chilton Phillipswith Max Perutz in Lecture 5｜The Chicken, the Egg and the Molecules｜1. What are chickens made of? 2. Machine tools of life 3. Muscle power 4. Eggs, genes and proteins 5. Haemoglobin: the breathing molecule 6. Molecules at work

1981｜Reginald Victor Jones｜From Magna Carta to Microchip｜1. Principles, Standards and Methods 2. The Measurement of Time 3. More and More About Less and Less 4. Onwards to the Stars 5. Measurement and Navigation in War 6. Some Impacts of Measurement on Life: And Can We Take it too Far?

1982｜科林·布萊克默Colin Blakemore｜Common Sense｜1. Making Sense 2. The Sound of Silence 3. The Sixth Sense - and the Rest 4. Show Me the Way to Go Home 5. Vive la différence 6. Enchanted Loom

1983｜Leonard Maunder｜Machines in Motion｜1. Driving Forces 2. Gathering Momentum 3. Vibration 4. Under Control 5. Fluids and Flight 6. Living Machines

1984｜沃爾特·博德默爾Walter Bodmer｜The Message of the Genes｜1. We're All Different 2. The Spice of Life 3. Genetic Engineering 4. Bodies and Antibodies 5. Normal Cells and Cancer Cells 6. When Will Pigs Have Wings?

1985｜約翰·大衛·皮耶 John David Pye｜Communicating交流｜1. No Man is an Island 2. Animal Talk 3. The Bionic Bat 4. The Pace of Technology 5. The Integrated Body 6. Computers

1986｜劉易斯·沃爾珀特Lewis Wolpert｜Frankenstein's Quest: Development of Life｜1. First Take an Egg... 2. The Medium and the Message 3. The Right Stuff 4. Genes and Flies 5. Chain of Command 6. Growing Up and Growing Old

1987｜約翰·默瑞格·托馬斯和大衛·菲利普斯John Meurig Thomas and David Phillips｜Crystals and Lasers晶體與雷射器｜1. Introducing the characters 2. The architecture of crystals 3. Semiconductors, superconductors and catalysts 4. Constructing a laser 5. Applications of lasers 6. Crystals, lasers and the human body

1988｜Gareth Roberts｜The Home of the Future｜1. Appliance Science 2. Home, Safe Home 3. Electronics for Pleasure 4. Home, Smart Home 5. Mixers, Meters and Molecules

1989｜查爾斯·A·泰勒Charles Taylor｜Exploring Music｜1. What Is Music? 2. The Essence of an Instrument 3. Science, Strings and Symphonies 4. Technology, Trumpets and Tunes 5. Scales, Synthesisers and Samplers

1990｜Malcolm Longair｜Origins｜1. The Grand Design 2. The Birth of the Stars 3. The Origin of Quasars 4. The Origin of the Galaxies 5. The Origin of the Universe

1991｜理察·道金斯Richard Dawkins｜Growing Up in the Universe｜1. Waking Up in the Universe 2. Designed and Designoid Objects 3. Climbing Mount Improbable 4. The Ultraviolet Garden 5. The Genesis of Purpose

1992｜Charles J. M. Stirling｜Our World Through the Looking Glass｜1. Man in the Mirror 2. Narwhals, Palindromes and Chesterfield Station 3. The Handed Molecule 4. Symmetry, Sensation and Sex 5. In the Hands of Giants

1993｜弗蘭克·克洛斯Frank Close｜The Cosmic Onion｜1. A is for Atoms 2. To the Centre of the Sun 3. Invaders from Outer Space 4. Anti-Matter Matters 5. An Hour to Make the Universe

1994｜蘇珊·格林菲爾德Susan Greenfield｜Journey to the Centre of the Brain｜1. The Electric Ape 2. Through a Glass Darkly 3. Bubble Bubble Toil and Trouble 4. The Seven Ages of the Brain 5. The Mind's I

1995｜James Jackson｜Planet Earth, An Explorer's Guide｜1. On the Edge of the World 2. Secrets of the Deep 3. Volcanoes: Melting the Earth 4. The Puzzle of the Continents 5. Waterworld

1996｜Simon Conway Morris｜The History in our Bones｜1. Staring into the Abyss 2. The Fossils Come Alive 3. The Great Dyings: Life after Death 4. Innovations And Novelty 5. Feet on the Ground, Head in the Stars: The History of Man

1997｜艾恩·史都華Ian Stewart｜The Magical Maze｜1. Sunflowers and Snowflakes 2. The Pattern of Tiny Feet 3. Outrageous Fortune 4. Chaos and Cauliflowers 5. Fearful Symmetry

1998｜Nancy Rothwell｜Staying Alive｜1. Sense and Sensitivity 2. Fats and figures 3. Chilling out 4. Times of our lives 5. Pushing the limits

1999｜Neil F. Johnson｜Arrows of Time｜1. Back to the Future 2. Catching the Waves 3. The Quantum Leap 4. Edge of Chaos 5. Shaping the Future

2000｜凱文·沃威克Kevin Warwick｜Rise of the Robots｜1. Anatomy of an Android 2. Things That Think 3. Remote Robots 4. Bionic Bodies 5. I, Robot｜Channel 4

2001｜約翰·蘇爾斯頓John Sulston｜The Secrets of Life｜1. What is life? 2. How do I grow? 3. What am I? 4. Can we fix it? 5. Future of life?

2002｜Tony Ryan｜Smart Stuff｜1. The Spider that Spun a Suspension Bridge 2. The Trainer That Ran Over The World 3. The Phone that Shrank the Planet 4. The Plaster that Stretches Life 5. The Ice Cream that Will Freeze Granny

2003｜Monica Grady｜Voyage in Space and Time｜1. Blast Off 2. Mission to Mars 3. Planet Patrol 4. Collision Course 5. Anybody Out There?

2004｜Lloyd Peck｜Antarctica｜1. Ice People 2. Ice Life 3. Ice World

2005｜John Krebs｜The Truth About Food｜1. The ape that cooks 2. Yuck or yummy? 3. You are what you eat 4. When food goes wrong 5. Food for the future｜Channel Five

2006｜馬庫斯·杜·索托伊Marcus du Sautoy｜The Num8er My5teries｜1. The curious incident of the never-ending numbers 2. The quest to predict the future 3. The story of the elusive shapes 4. The case of the uncrackable code 5. The secret of the winning streak

2007｜Hugh Montgomery｜Back from the Brink: The Science of Survival｜1. Peak Performance 2. Completely Stuffed 3. Grilled and Chilled 4. Fight, Flight and Fright 5. Luck, Genes and Stupidity

2008｜克里斯多福·畢曉普Christopher Bishop｜Hi-tech Trek高科技之旅｜1. Breaking the Speed Limit 2. Chips with Everything 3. The Ghost in the Machine 4. Untangling the Web 5. Digital Intelligence

2009｜蘇·哈特利Sue Hartley｜The 300-Million-Year War三億年的戰爭｜1. Plant Wars 2. The Animals Strike Back 3. Talking Trees 4. Dangerous to Delicious 5. Weapons of the Future｜More4

2010｜馬克·米奧多尼克Mark Miodownik｜Size Matters尺寸迷思｜1. Why Elephants Can't Dance but Hamsters Can Skydive 2. Why Chocolate Melts and Jet Planes Don't 3. Why Mountains Are So Small｜BBC Four

2011｜Bruce Hood｜Meet Your Brain認識大腦｜1. What's in your head? 2. Who's in charge here anyway? 3. Are you thinking what I'm thinking?

2012｜彼得·沃瑟斯Peter Wothers｜The Modern Alchemist現代鍊金術士｜1. Air: the elixir of life 2. Water: the fountain of youth 3. Earth: the philosopher's stone

2013｜艾麗森·伍拉德Alison Woollard｜Life Fantastic奇妙的生命｜1. Where do I come from? 2. Am I a Mutant? 3. Could I live forever?

2014｜丹妮爾·喬治Danielle George｜Sparks will fly: How to Hack your Home讓火花飛：如何利用你的家｜1. The light bulb moment 2. Making contact 3. A new revolution

2015｜Kevin Fong｜How to survive in space如何在太空中生存｜1. Lift off! 2. Life in Orbit 3. The next frontier

2016｜Saiful Islam｜Supercharged: Fuelling the future超限儲能：驅動未來｜1. Let there be light! 2. People Power 3. Fully charged

2017｜索菲·斯科特Sophie Scott｜The Language of Life生命的語言｜1. Say it with Sound 2. Silent Messages 3. The Word

2018｜Alice Roberts Aoife McLysaght｜Who am I?我是誰｜1. Where Do I Come From? 2. What Makes Me Human? 3. What Makes Me, Me?

2019｜Hannah Fry｜Secrets and Lies: The Hidden Power of Maths｜1. How to Get Lucky 2. How to Bend the Rules 3. How Can We All Win?

2020｜Christopher Jackson 海倫·切爾斯基Helen Czerski Tara Shine｜Planet Earth: A user's guide行星地球

2021｜Jonathan Van-Tam｜Going viral: How Covid changed science forever｜1. The Invisible Enemy 2. The Perfect Storm 3. Fighting Back

2022｜Sue Black｜Secrets of Forensic Science｜1. Dead Body 2. Missing Body 3. Living Body

2023｜麥可·沃德里奇Michael Wooldridge｜The Truth about AIAI的真相｜1. How to Build an Intelligent Machine 2. My AI Life 3. The Future of AI: Dream or Nightmare?

2024｜Chris van Tulleken｜The Truth About Food食品的真相｜1. From Tastebuds to Toilet 2. How Food Makes Us 3. The Big Food Hack

## 外部連結

- 台灣【探索基礎科學講座】靈感來自於英國皇家科學院19世紀開始的皇家科學耶誕講座