耳螺科

耳螺科（Ellobiidae），亦作耳蝸牛科，是腹足綱耳螺總科（學名：Ellobioidea）之下的一個科。耳螺科物種體型細小，皆可呼吸空氣。舊屬原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺總科，之後耳螺科改屬耳螺總科。2005年《布歇和羅克魯瓦的腹足類分類》，整個耳螺總科仍被歸到基眼類非正式群組。在2017年《布歇等人的腹足類分類》，耳螺科聯同另外兩個科共同組成耳螺目。

## 型態描述

本科物種螺殻的一大特徵，除了其耳狀的螺殻外，還有其鋸齒狀的殻口。

## 分佈及棲息地

本科物種遍佈全世界，但仍主要集中於印度洋-西太平洋海域。部分物種嗜鹽，常棲息在河口半淡鹹水域或紅樹林的高潮區、鹽沼地等範圍。儘管本科物種可呼吸空氣，而事實上在熱帶亦有部分物種可完全營陸生，但其餘物種仍不時要返回海水裡，所以WoRMS指本科物種的棲息環境同時包括海洋、鹹淡水交界及陸生。

## 系統分類

### 屬

WoRMS紀錄本科包括以下各個亞科與屬：

罌粟蝸牛亞科 Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830，果瓣螺亞科

耳螺亞科 Ellobiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)

尖耳螺亞科 Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)

趾蝸牛亞科 Pedipedinae

扁耳螺亞科 Pythiinae Odhner, 1925

異名：

```
 » Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name)
 » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia])
 » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
 » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821
 » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
 » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling)
 » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
 » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798
```

- 扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
- 花豹耳螺 Pythia pantherina (A. Adams)
- 厚皮耳螺 Pythia pachyodon Pilsbry et Hirase
- subfamily Zaptychiinae †
- Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 †：本亞科的模式屬。
- 亞科地位未定
- Genus Juramarinula Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Leopoldium Bandel & Riedel, 1994 †
- Genus Melampoides Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Mesauriculstra Yen, 1952 †
- Genus Mesochilina Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Palaeoleuca Wenz, 1922 †
- Genus Proauriculastra Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Pythiopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
- Genus Rhytophorus Meek, 1871 †
- Genus Semiauricula Cossmann, 1889 †
- Genus Stolidoma Deshayes, 1863 †
- Genus Tortacella White, 1895 †
- Genus Traliopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †

subfamily ?

- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Auriculodes Strand, 1928
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- Creedonia Martins, 1996
- Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840
- Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884
- Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- 微耳螺屬 Microtralia Dall, 1894：嗜鹽。
- Ophicardelus Beck, 1838
- Ovatella Bivona, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900
- Tralia Gray, 1840

異名：

- Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798
- Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798
- Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810
- Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894

Taxonomic note:

Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239 is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 Lepidoptera.)

## 參考文獻

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference

## 基本資料

- 說明：A live but retracted individual of Laemodonta siamensis on a human hand. A partially torn epiphragm of dried mucus is visible in the aperture of the shell
- parent_authority：Pfeiffer, 1854
- 學名：Ellobiidae
- 命名者：Pfeiffer, 1854
- 異名：Melampidae Stimpson, 1851
- diversity_link：分類
- diversity：約有250個有效物種