劍虻科

劍虻科（學名：Therevidae）是雙翅目食蟲虻總科下的一個科，總計包括1,600個物種，其中大部分生活在沙質土壤的乾旱或半乾旱區域。其幼蟲在土壤中捕食昆蟲的幼蟲。

## 描述

該科蒼蠅通常多毛或具有毛茸茸的外觀，與食蟲虻類似，兩者有密切關係。但是，它們沒有凹陷的臉和凸出的眼睛。它們腿很長，雌性產卵器官周圍有一圈硬毛。

## 下屬分類

本科包括以下屬：

Acantothereva｜Séguy, 1935

Acathrito｜Lyneborg, 1983

Acatopygia｜Kröber, 1912

Acraspisa｜Kröber, 1912

Acraspisoides｜Hill & Winterton, 2004

裸顏劍虻屬｜Acrosathe｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Actenomeros｜Winterton & Irwin, 1999

Actorthia｜Kröber, 1912

Acupalpa｜Kröber, 1912

Agapophytus｜Guérin, 1831

Ambradolon｜Metz & Irwin, 2000

Ammonaios｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Ammothereva｜Lyneborg, 1984

Amplisegmentum｜Donald W.Webb, 2005

Anabarhynchus｜Macquart, 1848

Anabarrhynchus｜Kertész, 1909

Anabarynchus｜Macquart, 1848

Anolinga｜Gaimari & Irwin, 2000

Apenniverpa｜Webb, 2005

Arctogephyra｜Hauser, 2007

Arenigena｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Argolepida｜Metz & Irwin, 2003

Aristothereva｜Frey, 1921

Ataenogera｜Kröber, 1914

Baryphora｜Loew, 1844

Belonalys｜Kröber, 1912

毛蚋屬｜Bibio｜Fabricius, 1775

Bonjeania｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1989

Brachylinga｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Braunsophila

Breviperna｜Irwin, 1977

Bugulaverpa｜Gaimari & Irwin, 2000

Caenophanomyia｜Bezzi, 1902

Caenophthalmus｜Kröber, 1931

Calophytus｜Irwin, Winterton & Metz, 2020

Ceratosathe｜Lyneborg, 1972

Cerocatus｜Rondani, 1848

Chromolepida｜Cole, 1923

Chrysanthemyia｜Becker, 1912

Cionophora｜Egger, 1854

Cliorismia｜Enderlein, 1927

Cochlodactyla｜Lyneborg, 1972

Coleiana｜Gaimari & Irwin, 2000

Collessiama｜Lambkin, 2013

Crebraseta｜Gaimari & Irwin, 2000

Cretothereva｜Carmo, Lamas & Ribeiro, 2022

Cyclotelus｜Walker, 1850

Dasystethos｜Hauser, 2007

Dasythereva｜Irwin & Winterton, 2020

Delphacura｜Lyneborg, 1972

Dialineura｜Rondani, 1856

Dichoglena｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Dimassus｜Walker, 1850

Distostylus｜Webb, 2003

Ectinorhynchus｜Macquart, 1850

Efflatouniella｜Kröber, 1927

Elcaribe｜Webb, 2006

Entesia｜Oldroyd, 1968

Epileptocera｜Richards, 1929

Euphycus｜Krober, 1912

Eupsilocephala｜Kröber, 1912

Evansomyia｜Mann, 1928

Glaesorthactia｜Hennig, 1967

Gyrophthalmus｜Becker, 1912

Helicorhaphe｜Ksiazkiewicz, 1970

Hemigephyra｜Lyneborg, 1972

Henicomyia｜Coquillett, 1898

Hermannula｜Strand, 1932

Hoplosathe｜Lyneborg & Zaitzev, 1980

Iberotelus｜Lyneborg, 1989

Incoxoverpa｜Webb & Irwin, 1999

Insulatitan｜Metz & Irwin, 2000

Irwiniella｜Lyneborg, 1976

Jeanchazeauia｜Irwin, Winterton & Metz, 2020

Johnmannia｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1989

Kroeberiella｜Hauser, 2007

Laxotela｜Winterton & Irwin, 1999

Leptocera｜Kröber, 1928

Leptothereva｜Séguy, 1964

Lesneus｜Surcouf, 1921

Lindneria｜Kröber, 1929

Litolinga｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Lyneborgia｜Irwin, 1973

Lysilinga｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Manestella｜Metz, 2003

Medomega｜Winterton & Lambkin, 2012

Megalinga｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Megapalla｜Lyneborg, 2001

Megathereva｜Lyneborg, 1992

Melanacrosathe｜Lyneborg, 1999

Melanothereva｜Malloch, 1932

Microgephyra｜Lyneborg, 1972

Microthereva｜Malloch, 1932

Nanexila｜Winterton & Irwin, 1999

Nebritus｜Coquillett, 1894

Neodialineura｜Mann, 1928

Neophycus｜Kröber, 1931

Neotabuda｜Kröber, 1931

Neotherevella｜Lyneborg, 1978

Nesonana｜Gaimari & Irwin, 2000

Nigranitida｜Metz, 2003

Notiothereva｜Metz & Irwin, 2003

Orthactia｜Kröber, 1912

Ozodiceromyia｜Bigot, 1890

Pachygenia｜Kröber, 1912

Pachylopella｜Winterton & Irving, 2023

Pachyrrhiza｜Philippi, 1865

Palaeopherocera｜Hauser & Irwin, 2005

Pallicephala｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Pandivirilia｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Parapherocera｜Irwin, 1977

Parapsilocephala｜Kröber, 1912

Patanothrix｜Winterton, 2001

Penniverpa｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Pentheria｜Francke, 1985

Pentheria｜Kröber, 1914

Peralia｜Malloch, 1932

Peratrimera｜Hauser & Irwin, 2005

Pherocera｜Cole, 1923

Phycus｜Walker, 1850

Pipinnipons｜Winterton, 2001

Platarista｜Speiser, 1923

Platycarenum｜Kröber, 1912

Procyclotelus｜Nagatomi & Lyneborg, 1987

Protothereva｜Malloch, 1932

Pseudothereva｜Lyneborg, 1976

Pseudoxestomyza｜Kröber, 1912

Psilocephala｜Zetterstedt, 1838

Ptilotophallos｜Webb, 2005

Rhagioforma｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Rueppellia｜Wiedemann, 1830

Ruppellia｜Wiedemann, 1830

Salentia｜Costa, 1857

Salwaea｜Winterton, Hauser & Badrawy, 2012

Schlingeria｜Irwin, 1977

Schoutedenomyia｜Krober, 1936

Sidarena｜Irwin & Winterton, 2016

Sigalopella｜Irwin & Winterton, 2020

Sinothereva｜Winterton, 2020

Spatulipalpa｜Kröber, 1912

Spinalobus｜Webb, 2007

Spiracolis｜Webb, 2005

Spiriverpa｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Squamopygia｜Kröber, 1928

Stenogephyra｜Lyneborg, 1987

Stenopomyia｜Lyneborg, 1976

Stenosathe｜Lyneborg, 1976

Stratiobelonalys｜Frey, 1934

Tabuda｜Walker, 1852

Tabudamima｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Taenogera｜Kröber, 1912

Taenogerella｜Winterton & Irwin, 1999

Thereva｜Fabricius, 1798

Thereva｜Latreille, 1796

Viriliricta｜Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981

Vomerina｜Winterton, 2007

Winthemmyia｜Webb, 2005

Xestomyza｜Wiedemann, 1820

Xestomyzina｜Kröber, 1912

Yemenia｜Koçak & Kemal, 2009

Zelothrix｜Irwin & Winterton, 2016

Ziehenia｜Kröber, 1929

Zionea｜Hardy, 1938

## 習性

該科蒼蠅主要生活在草地和牧場，偶爾在灌木或觀葉花卉上被發現。它們通常生活在沙質土壤的乾旱地區。成蟲只以液體為食，通常是水。它們善於飛行，不過飛行距離通常很短。它們在沙質土壤中產卵。

幼蟲長且捲曲，由19段組成。它們生活在土壤中，有時在爛木頭中。它們捕食甲蟲幼蟲和其它軟體動物，它們注入毒劑，然後吸出獵物。幼蟲在土壤中休眠成蛹。蛹期通常持續時間只有八到十二天。

## 參考資料

- Klaus Honomichl, Heiko Bellmann: Biologie und Ökologie der Insekten; CD-Rom, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1994

## 基本資料

- 學名：Therevidae
- 命名者：Newman, 1834
- 說明：Thereva nobilitata