馬爾科姆·勞瑞

克拉倫斯·馬爾科姆·勞瑞（Clarence Malcolm Lowry，1909年7月28日－1957年6月26日）是英國詩人和小說家，他最著名的作品是小說《在火山下》，該著作被紐約公共圖書館《世紀之書》以及蘭登書屋《當代文庫》選作20世紀百大英文小說第11名。.

## 寫作

勞瑞一生著作出版其實很少，相比之下他去世時卻留下了大量的未完成的手稿。在他的兩部小說中，在火山下 (1947)目前被普遍認為是傑出之作，也是20世紀最傑出的小說之一(《當代文庫》 20世紀百大英文小說第11名). 這本書展現的勞瑞的寫作手法特點，包括重點使用自傳式的素材，並且充滿了複雜的、隱喻性的象徵手法寫作。在火山下描述了一系列複雜、讓人難以接受的惡劣人際關係，而寫作背景則是墨西哥的火山噴發。

火山：關於勞瑞的生死調查 (1976)是加拿大電影局拍攝的獲得奧斯卡提名的紀錄片，製片人是Donald Brittain and Robert A. Duncan，導演則是 Brittain and John Kramer. 該片開創了對勞瑞「意外事故死亡」的調查，然後倒敘講述作者生活。片中還包括勞瑞作品的節選，由Richard Burton朗讀，背景則拍攝於墨西哥、美國、加拿大和英格蘭。

## 作品列表

- Ultramarine (1933)
- 在火山下 (1947), 1984年被 約翰·休斯頓 拍成電影

### 死後出版

- Hear Us O Lord from Heaven Thy Dwelling Place (1961)
- Selected Poems of Malcolm Lowry (1962)
- Lunar Caustic (1968)
- Dark as the Grave wherein my Friend is Laid (1968)
- October Ferry to Gabriola (1970)
- The Cinema of Malcolm Lowry: A Scholarly Edition of Malcolm Lowry's "Tender is the Night" edited by Miquel Mota & Paul Tiessen (1990)
- The 1940 Under The Volcano (1994)
- La Mordida edited by Patrick A. McCarthy (1996)

## 繼續閱讀

- An Anthology from X (Oxford University Press 1988). X (magazine) ran from 1959–62. Edited by David Wright & Patrick Swift. Contributions from Lowry, W.H. Auden, Samuel Beckett, Alberto Giacometti, Francis Bacon (painter), Stevie Smith, Robert Graves, David Gascoyne, et al.
- The Collected Poetry of Malcolm Lowry (1992) edited by Kathleen Scherf
- The Kaleidoscopic Vision of Malcolm Lowry: Souls and Shamans, by Nigel H. Foxcroft, (Lexington Books: Lanham, MD, 2019). ISBN 978-1-4985-1657-0
- The Voyage That Never Ends (2007), selected stories, poems, and letters; edited by Michael Hofmann
- Grace, Sherrill. (2009). Strange Comfort: Essays on the Work of Malcolm Lowry. Talonbooks: Vancouver, B.C. ISBN 978-0-88922-618-0
- Malcolm Lowry from the Mersey to the World (2009) edited by Bryan Biggs and Helen Tookey

## 傳記

- Lowry, a Biography, Douglas Day (1973)
- Volcano: An Inquiry Into the Life and Death of Malcolm Lowry, National Film Board of Canada, (1976)
- Malcolm Lowry Remembered, G. Bowker, ed (1985)
- Pursued by Furies: A Life of Malcolm Lowry, G. Bowker (1993)
- Inside the Volcano: My Life with Malcolm Lowry, Jan Gabrial (2000)

## 來源

- Asals, Frederick, The making of Malcolm Lowry's Under the volcano (University of Georgia: Athens, 1997)
- Bareham, Tony, Modern Novelists: Malcolm Lowry (St Martins: New York, 1989)
- Bowker, Gordon, ed, Malcolm Lowry Remembered (Ariel: London, 1985)
- Bradbrook, M.C., Malcolm Lowry: His Art and Early Life (CUP: Cambridge, 1974)
- Cross, Richard K., Malcolm Lowry: a preface to his fiction (Athlone Press: London, 1980)
- Foxcroft, Nigel H., The Kaleidoscopic Vision of Malcolm Lowry: Souls and Shamans (Lexington Books: Lanham, MD, 2019). ISBN 978-1-4985-1657-0
- Hochschild, Adam, Finding the Trapdoor: Essays, Portraits, Travels, pp. 265–73, "The Private Volcano of Malcolm Lowry," (Syracuse University Press: Syracuse, 1997)
- Miller, David, Malcolm Lowry and the voyage that never ends (Enitharmon Press: London, 1976)
- Smith, Anne, The art of Malcolm Lowry (Vision: London, 1978)
- Stevenson, Randall, The British Novel Since the Thirties (Batsford: London, 1986)
- Vice, Sue, Malcolm Lowry eighty years on (St. Martins Press: New York, 1989)
- Woolmer, J. Howard, Malcolm Lowry: a bibliography (Woolmer/Brotherson: Pennsylvania, 1983)

## 外部連結s

- 勞瑞的在火山下
- A Hypertextual Companion to Under the Volcano
- Short Excerpt from Dark As The Grave
- Photo of the beach where Malcolm Lowry's shack was located in North Vancouver, Canada
- Volcano: An Inquiry into the Life and Death of Malcolm Lowry , film from the NFB .
- Audiobook (mp3) of the preface written in 1948 by Malcolm Lowry for French readers of Under the Volcano.
- Malcolm Lowry entry at The Canadian Encyclopedia

## 基本資料

- 日語原文：Malcolm Lowry
- 出生：Malcolm Lowry
- 出生日期：1909年7月28日
- 出生地：英格蘭柴郡沃勒西
- 逝世日期：1957年6月26日
- 逝世地：英格蘭薩塞克斯郡查爾溫頓和里佩
- 配偶：Jan Gabrial (1934–1937)、Margerie Bonner (1940–1957, his death)
- 職業：小說家，詩人
- 文學運動：現代主義
- 代表作：Ultramarine (1933), 在火山下(1947), Hear Us O Lord from Heaven Thy Dwelling Place (1961), Lunar Caustic (1968), Dark as the Grave wherein my Friend is Laid (1968), October Ferry to Gabriola (1970)
- 受影響於：康拉德·艾肯、赫爾曼·梅爾維爾、費奧多爾·杜斯妥也夫斯基、卡夫卡、傑克·倫敦、列夫·托爾斯泰、海明威、詹姆斯·喬伊斯、威廉·福克納、索福克勒斯