穿孔貝屬

穿孔貝屬（學名：Terebratula）是穿孔貝科穿孔貝亞科下的一個屬，其化石最早可以追溯至晚泥盆世晚期。牠們分布在世界各地，利用厚實的肉莖固著在海床上，以海水中的懸浮物為食。

## 特徵

這類腕足動物具有雙凸的蛋形外殼，殼頂短小厚實並微微向內彎曲，並有一巨大且發達的肉莖孔。背殼的內部有突出的齒和眼窩，並有短小的中間隔膜。兩殼前緣的閉合線平直，沒有褶皺或凹陷。兩殼上均有纖細、緻密的同心生長線，在殼的邊緣附近顯得更加突出。

## 物種

- Terebratula (Waldheimia) King, 1850
- Terebratula aequalis Klipstein, 1843
- Terebratula anatina de Loriol, 1895
- Terebratula arabilis Forbes, 1846
- Terebratula baltzeri Haas, 1893
- Terebratula bipartita Münster, 1841
- Terebratula birdlipensis Rollier, 1918
- Terebratula bisuffarcinata Noetling, 1887
- Terebratula bronni Klipstein, 1843
- Terebratula bussoni Dubar, 1967
- Terebratula coahuilensis Imlay, 1940
- Terebratula crassa d'Archiac, 1847
- Terebratula depressa Lamarck, 1819
- Terebratula djeffarae Dubar, 1967
- Terebratula doueensis Rollier, 1918
- Terebratula flemingii Davidson, 1862
- Terebratula fragilis Schlotheim, 1814
- Terebratula furciliensis Haas, 1890
- Terebratula gesneri Etalon, 1861
- Terebratula gomesi Choffat, 1947
- Terebratula gortanii Jaboli, 1959
- Terebratula grandis Blumenbach, 1803
- Terebratula harlani Morton, 1829
- Terebratula hoernesi Suess, 1886
- Terebratula intervallata Bittner, 1892
- Terebratula italica Bitner and Dieni, 2005
- Terebratula kanei Imlay, 1940
- Terebratula kemenczeiensis Majer, 1915
- Terebratula lacunosa Thunberg, 1789
- Terebratula lamberti Douville, 1886
- Terebratula lamellosa Thomson & Owen, 1979
- Terebratula laricimontana Bittner, 1890
- Terebratula latissima Sowerby, 1829
- Terebratula longirostris Wahlenberg, 1821
- Terebratula macrescens Dreger, 1889
- Terebratula marbachensis Rollier, 1918
- Terebratula marylandica Roberts, 1922
- Terebratula matmatensis Dubar, 1967
- Terebratula miikensis Yokoyama, 1911
- Terebratula minuta Moore, 1861
- Terebratula movelierensis Mühlberg, 1900
- Terebratula pectunculus Quenstedt, 1858
- Terebratula perinflata Shumard, 1859
- Terebratula phillipsii Morris & Davidson, 1847
- Terebratula quinqueplicata Zieten, 1830
- Terebratula retrocarinata Rothpletz, 1886
- Terebratula rulliacensis Bouillerie, 1922
- Terebratula salvatoris Greco, 1899
- Terebratula seccoi Parona, 1882
- Terebratula semicostata Münster, 1841
- Terebratula sillimani Imlay, 1937
- Terebratula sphenoidalis Meneghini, 1874
- Terebratula spinosa Valenciennes, 1819
- Terebratula sturi Laube, 1865
- Terebratula sturii Laube, 1865
- Terebratula styriaca Dreger, 1889
- Terebratula suborbicularis Münster, 1841
- Terebratula superstes Douvillé, 1916
- Terebratula suttonensis Clapp & Shimer, 1911
- Terebratula tamaulipana Imlay, 1937
- Terebratula tenniensis Rollier, 1918
- Terebratula terebratula Linnaeus, 1758 異名 Anomia terebratula
- Terebratula tetragona Roemer, 1839
- Terebratula thurmanni Rollier, 1918
- Terebratula transversa Sowerby, 1846
- Terebratula trigona Quenstedt, 1852
- Terebratula vitrea Born, 1778

### 重新分配的物種

因為穿孔貝屬是一個較早被建立的屬，因此其下有些物種現時已被置入其他的屬。

- T. aculeata = Platidia anomioides、T. acuminata = Pugnax acuminata、T. acuta Quenstedt, 1869 = Musculina biennensis、T. acuta Sowerby, 1816 = Homoeorhynchia acuta、T. acutiplicata = Kutchithyris acutiplicata、T. antinomia = Pygope deltoidea、T. antisiensis = Clarckeia antisiensis、T. archiaci = Meganteris archiaci、T. ascendens = Septalaria ascendens、T. aualites = Loboidothyris aualites、T. australis = Magellania australis、T. bentleyi = Tegulithyris bentleyi、T. bifida = Linguithyris bifida、T. bivallata = Antiptychina bivallata、T. brachyptycta = Isopoma brachyptycta、T. bullata = Rugitela bullata、T. californiana = Laqueus californianus、T. capsula = Gwynia capsula、T. cardita = Megathiris detruncata、T. chilensis = Terebratella dorsata、T. cimex = Cimicinella cimex、T. concentrica = Athyris concentrica、T. cordata = Joania cordata、T. cornuta = Zeilleria cornuta、T. costata = Rhynchora costata、T. cranium = Macandrevia cranium、T. crispa = Howellella crispa、T. cuneata Dalman, 1828 = Rhynchotreta cuneata、T. cuneata Risso, 1826 = Argyrotheca cuneata、T. curvifrons = Pseudoglossothyris leckhamptonensis、T. cymbaeformis = Gilledia cymbaeformis、T. daleidensis = Oligoptycherhynchus daleidensis、T. debuchii = Streptaria debuchii、T. deltoidea = Pygope deltoidea、T. depressa = Rectithyris depressa、T. depressa var. cyrta = Cyrtothyris cyrta、T. dilatata = Antinomia dilatata、T. diphimorpha = Moraviaturia diphimorpha、T. diphya = Pygope diphya、T. diphyoides = Pygites diphyoides、T. duboisi = Zygospiraella duboisi、T. dutempleana = Moutonithyris dutempliana、T. emarginata = Terebratulina retusa、T. eucharis = Eucharitina eucharis、T. eugenii = Epicyrta eugenii、T. euides = Euidothyris extensa、T. extensa = Rhombothyris extensa、T. fabulites = Camarospira eucharis、T. fimbri = Plectothyris fimbri、T. fittoni = Neoliothyrina fittoni、T. flabellum = Flabellothyris flabellum、T. flavescens = Magellania australis、T. flexuosa = Anomactinella flexuosa、T. fornicata = Ladogofornix fornicate、T. geinitziana = Rhynchopora geinitziana、T. gisii = Gisilina gisii、T. globata var. tumida = Stiphrothyris tumida、T. gravida = Goniothyris dorsetensis、T. grayi Davidson, 1848 = Streptis grayi、T. grayi Davidson, 1852 = Coptothyris grayi、T. gregaria = Rhaetina gregaria、T. gregariaeformis = Triadithyris gregariaeformis、T. gualteri = Aetheia gualteri、T. guerangeri = Fimbiothyris guerangeri、T. hagar = Propygope hagar、T. harlani = Oleneothyris harlani、T. hebe = Hebethoechia hebe、T. hemisphaeroidica = Amphitornella hemisphaeroidica、T. henrici = Glossinulus henrici、T. herculea = Meristina herculean、T. heyseana = Orthotoma spinati、T. Iineata = Martinothyris Iineata、T. imbricata = Plectatrypa imbricata、T. inconspicua = Waltonia valenciennesi、T. indistincta = Dioristella indistincta、T. intermedia = Cererithyris intermedia、T. kielcensis = Dzieduszyckia kielcensis、T. laeviuscula = Glassina laeviuscula、T. lata = Cyclothyris latissima、T. latilinguis = Gruenewaldtia latilinguis、T. latissima = Cyclothyris latissima、T. latona = Latonotoechia latona、T. lenticularis = Neothyris lenticularis｜、T. lepida = Bifida lepida、T. lima = Kingena lima、T. lineata = Eospirifer radiatus、T. marginalis = Spirigerina marginalis、T. mayeri = Heimia mayeri、T. michalkowii = Rouillieria michalkowii、T. microrhyncha = Pseudocarnarophoria microrhyncha、T. monas = Monadotoechia monas、T. monstruosa = Pantellaria monstruosa、T. morierei = Cheniothyris morierei、T. moutoniana = Platythyris comptonensis、T. mucronata = Triathyris mucronata、T. multicarinata = Peregrinella peregrina、T. multiformis = Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis、T. navicula = Dayia navicula、T. nerviensis = Rectithyris depressa、T. nigricans = Notosaria nigricans、T. obesa Davidson, 1852 = Neoliothyrina obesa、T. obesa Sowerby, 1823 = Concinnithyris obesa、T. orbignyana = Nucinulus orbignyana、T. orbis = Zittelina orbis、T. ornithocephala = Ornithella ornithocephala、T. ovoides = Rensselaeria elongata、T. oxoptychia = Mosquella oxoptychia、T. pachyderma = Camerophorina pachyderma、T. pectita = Derita pectita、T. peregrina = Peregrinella peregrina、T. philomela = Cryptatrypa Philomela、T. phoenix = Phoenicitoechia phoenix、T. pisolithica = Stroudithyris pisolithica、T. plicata = Choristothyris plicata、T. plicatella = Sphenorhynchia plicatella、T. plicatilis = Cretirhynchia plicatilis、T. polyplecta = Plectoidothyris polyplecta、T. praegnans = Praegnantenia praegnans、T. praelonga = Praelongithyris praelonga、T. prisca flabellata = Minatrypa flabellate、T. quadrata = Terebratulina retusa、T. quinquecostata = Pentactinella quinquecostata、T. ramsaueri = Camerothyris ramsaueri、T. rectirostra = Cryptonella rectirostra、T. renierii var. sinuosa = Hesperithyris sinuosa、T. resupinata = Aulacothyris resupinata、T. rhaetica = Zugmayeria rhaetica、T. romingeri = Cranaena romingeri、T. rostriformis = Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis、T. sakhalinensis = Cnismatocentrum sakhalinensis、T. sanguina = Magasella evansii、T. scalpellum = Scalpellirhynchia scalpellum、T. scalprum = Dicamara plebeia、T. schlotheimi = Stenoscisma schlotheimi、T. schnuri = Schnurella schnuri、T. sella = Sellithyris sella、T. semiglobularis = Meonia semiglobularis、T. septigera = Dallina septigera、T. soldaniana = Argyrotheca cuneata、T. stephani = Ptyctothyris stephani、T. strigiceps = Rhenorensselaeria strigiceps、T. strogonofi = Uralella strogonofi、T. subvesicularis = Notothyris subvesicularis、T. sulcifera = Ornatothyris sulcifera、T. tarda = Lanceomyonia tarda、T. tetraëdra = Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra、T. tetrahedra = Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra、T. tetratoma = Tetratomia tetratoma、T. thetis = Dubaria thetis、T. torenoi = Pradoia torenoi、T. transversa = Terebratalia transversa、T. triplicata squarniplex = Squamirhynchia squarniplex、T. truncata Sowerby, 1826 = Gemmarcula aurea、T. truncata Linné, 1767 = Megerlia truncata、T. uptoni = Charltonithyris uptoni、T. urna antiqua = Megathiris detruncata、T. uva = Liothyrella uva、T. velox = Amissopecten velox、T. venusta = Anoplotheca venusta、T. verneuili = Pleisiothyris verneuili、T. virtrea = Gryphus vitreus、T. wissmanni = Diplospirella wissmanni、T. wrighti = Tubithyris wrighti、T. wyvillei = Abyssothyris wyvillei

## 圖片

- The Popular science monthly 中描繪Terebratula vitrea的插圖(1887)
- 於西班牙阿爾梅里亞的上新世地層中挖掘出的Terebrantula ampulla化石
- 哥本哈根地質博物館收藏的Terebratula longirostris化石

## 外部連結

- Terebratula in the Paleobiology Database
- Short notes on Terebratula
- J. Morris On the Subdivision of the Genus Terebratula

## 基本資料

- 學名：Terebratula
- 命名者：Müller, 1776
- 說明：Terebratula maugerii
- 模式種：Terebratula terebratula
- type_species_authority：Linné, 1758
- subdivision_ranks：種
- 栽培群成員：見內文