天蛾科

天蛾科（學名：Sphingidae）是鱗翅目的一科，科名取自希臘語「Sphinx」，即希臘神話中的怪物「斯芬克斯」。天蛾科下轄200多個屬，約1,450個品種。本科物種大多數於熱帶生活，但其每一個地區都有其蹤影。本科昆蟲主要特徵是前翅狹長，後翅呈短三角形，複眼大，胸部粗壯，腹部末端尖及呈流線型，觸角端部細而彎曲。體型中等到大，所以可作快速及持續的飛行，最快可達每小時40到50公里。

## 分類

### 早期分類

在1903年，Rothschild and Jordan最先為天蛾科物種作科學化的分類，以物種有沒有感毛（microtrichia），把整個科分為感毛組與無感毛組兩大組，下設五亞科七大族，分別如下：

- 無感毛組(Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) Janse, 1932
- 面形天蛾亞科：約40屬200種
- 雲紋天蛾亞科（Ambulicinae）
- 感毛組 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- 透翅天蛾亞科
- 蜂形天蛾亞科
- 斜紋天蛾亞科

### 現時分類

現時的分類把原來的無感毛組一分為二，成為了天蛾亞科和目天蛾亞科；而原來的感毛組成為現在的長喙天蛾亞科。

天蛾科以下的200多個屬，現時分作三個亞科，分別如下：

- 長喙天蛾亞科（Macroglossinae Harris, 1839）
- Dilophonotini族
- 長喙天蛾族
- Philampelini族
- 目天蛾亞科（Smerinthinae）
- 鷹翅天蛾族（Ambulycini）
- 目天蛾族（Smerinthini）
- 絨天蛾族（Sphingulini）
- 天蛾亞科 Sphinginae
- 面形天蛾族 Acherontiini
- 天蛾族 Sphingini

### 屬

- Acanthosphinx Aurivillius, 1892
- 面形天蛾屬 Acherontia Laspeyres, 1809
- Acosmerycoides Mell, 1922
- Acosmeryx Boisduval, 1874
- Adhemarius Oiticica, 1939
- Aellopos Hübner, 1819
- Afroclanis Carcasson, 1968
- Afrosataspes Basquin & Cadiou, 1986
- Afrosphinx Carcasson, 1968
- Agnosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Agrius Hübner, 1819
- Akbesia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Aleuron Boisduval, 1870
- Altijuba Lachlan, 1999
- Ambulyx Westwood, 1847
- Amorpha Hübner, 1809
- Ampeloeca Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Ampelophaga Bremer & Grey, 1853
- Amphimoea Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Amphion Hübner, 1819
- Amplypterus Hübner, 1819
- Anambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Andriasa Walker, 1856
- Angonyx Boisduval, 1874
- Antinephele Holland, 1889
- Apocalypsis Butler, 1876
- Arctonotus Boisduval, 1852
- Atemnora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Autogramma Oiticica, 1946
- Avinoffia Clark, 1929
- Baniwa Lichy, 1981
- Barbourion Clark, 1934
- Basiothia Walker, 1856
- Batocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Bergmania Bryk, 1946
- Berutana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Cadiouclanis Eitschberger, 2007
- Callambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Callionima Lucas, 1857
- Callosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1916
- Calymnia Walker, 1856
- Cautethia Grote, 1865
- Cechenena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Cechetra
- Celerio Oken, 1815
- Centroctena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Cephonodes Hübner, 1819
- Ceratomia Harris, 1839
- Cerberonoton
- Ceridia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Chaerocina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Chelacnema
- Chloroclanis Carcasson, 1968
- Cizara Walker, 1856
- Clanidopsis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Clanis Hübner, 1819
- Clarina Tutt, 1903
- Cocytius Hübner, 1819
- Coelonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Coenotes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Coequosa Walker, 1856
- Compsogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Compsulyx Holloway, 1979
- Craspedortha Mell, 1922
- Cressonia Grote & Robinson, 1865
- Cypa Walker, 1864
- Cypoides Matsumura, 1921
- Dahira Moore, 1888
- Daphnis Hübner, 1819
- Daphnusa Walker, 1856
- Darapsa Walker, 1856
- Dargeclanis Eitschberger, 2007
- Degmaptera Hampson, 1896
- Deidamia Clemens, 1859
- Deilephila Laspeyres, 1809
- Diludia Grote & Robinson, 1865
- Dolba Walker, 1856
- Dolbina Staudinger, 1887
- Dolbogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Dovania Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Elibia Walker, 1856
- Ellenbeckia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Enpinanga Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Enyo Hübner, 1819
- Erinnis
- Erinnyis Hübner, 1819
- Euchloron Boisduval, 1875
- Eumorpha Hübner, 1807
- Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway, 1989
- Euproserpinus Grote & Robinson, 1865
- Eupyrrhoglossum Grote, 1865
- Euryglottis Boisduval, 1874
- Eurypteryx Felder, 1874
- Falcatula Carcasson, 1968
- Gehlenia Bryk, 1944
- Giganteopalpus Huwe, 1895
- Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858
- Grammodia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Grillotius Rougeot, 1973
- Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching, 1990
- Gurelca Kirby, 1880
- Gynoeryx Carcasson, 1968
- Gynoeryx Guenée, 1865
- Haemaris Dalman, 1816
- Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982
- Hemaris Dalman, 1816
- Hemeroplanes Hübner, 1819
- Heppneriana
- Himantoides Butler, 1877
- Hippotion Hübner, 1819
- Hopliocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Hoplistopus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Hyles Hübner, 1819
- 松天蛾屬 Hyloicus Hübner, 1819
- Hypaedalea Butler, 1877
- Hypaedalia Butler, 1877
- Ihlegramma Eitschberger, 2003
- Imber Moulds, Tuttle & Lane, 2010
- Isognathus Felder & Felder, 1862
- Isogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Isoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Kentrochrysalis Staudinger, 1887
- Kloneus Skinner, 1923
- Langia Moore, 1872
- Laothoe Fabricius, 1807
- Lapara Walker, 1856
- Lepchina Oberthür, 1904
- Leptoclanis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Leucomonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Leucophlebia Westwood, 1847
- Leucorhampha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Leucostrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Likoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Litosphingia Jordan, 1920
- Lomocyma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Lophostethus Butler, 1876
- Lycosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Maassenia Saalmüller, 1884
- Macroglossum Scopoli, 1777
- Macropoliana Carcasson, 1968
- Madoryx Boisduval, 1875
- Malgassoclanis Carcasson, 1968
- Manduca Hübner, 1807
- Marumba Moore, 1882
- Megacorma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Meganoton Boisduval, 1874
- Metamimas Butler, 1877
- Micracosmeryx Mell, 1922
- Microclanis Carcasson, 1968
- Microsphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Mimas Hübner, 1819
- Mioclanis Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
- Monarda Druce, 1896
- Morwennius Cassidy, Allen & Harman, 2002
- Nannoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Neoclanis Carcasson, 1968
- Neococytius Hodges, 1971
- Neogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaw, 1993
- Neopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968
- Nephele Hübner, 1819
- Notonagemia
- Nyceryx Boisduval, 1874
- Oberthurion Clark, 1923
- Odontosida Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Oligographa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Opistoclanis Jordan, 1929
- Oplerclanis Eitschberger, 2007
- Orecta Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Oryba Walker, 1856
- Oxyambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Pachygonidia Fletcher, 1982
- Pachylia Walker, 1856
- Pachylioides Hodges, 1971
- Pachysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Panogena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Pantophaea Jordan, 1946
- Pantophaea Oiticica, 1946
- Paonias Hübner, 1819
- Paratrea Grote, 1903
- Parum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Pentateucha Swinhoe, 1908
- Pergesa Walker, 1856
- Perigonia Herrich-Schäffer, 1854
- Phanoxyla Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Philodila Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Pholus Hübner, 1819
- Phryxus Hübner, 1819
- Phyllosphingia Swinhoe, 1897
- Phylloxiphia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Pierreclanis Eitschberger, 2007
- Platysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Poliana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Poliodes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Polyptychopsis Carcasson, 1968
- Polyptychus Hübner, 1819
- Praedora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Proserpinus Hübner, 1819
- Protaleuron Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Protambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Protoparce Burmeister, 1855
- Pseudandriasa Carcasson, 1968
- Pseudenyo Holland, 1889
- Pseudoangonyx Eitschberger, 2010
- Pseudoclanis Rothschild, 1894
- Pseudodolbina Rothschild, 1894
- Pseudopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968
- Pseudosphinx Burmeister, 1856
- Psilogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Rethera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Rhadinopasa Druce, 1880
- Rhadinopasa Karsch, 1891
- Rhagastis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Rhodafra Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939
- Rhodoprasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Rhyncholaba Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Rothinjoa
- Rufoclanis Carcasson, 1968
- Sagenosoma Jordan, 1946
- Sagenosoma Oiticica, 1946
- Sataspes Moore, 1857
- Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895
- Smerinthus Latreille, 1802
- Sphecodina Blanchard, 1840
- Sphingidites Kernbach, 1967
- Sphingonaepiopsis Wallengren, 1858
- Sphingoneopsis Wallengren, 1858
- Sphingulus Staudinger, 1887
- 天蛾屬 Sphinx Linnaeus, 1758
- Stolidoptera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Synoecha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Syzygia Grote & Robinson, 1865
- Temnora Walker, 1856
- Temnoripais Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Tetrachroa Rothschild & Jordan, 1909
- Thamnoecha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Theretra Hübner, 1819
- Thibetia Joicey & Kaye, 1917
- Tinostoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Triptogon Ménétriés, 1857
- Trogolegnum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Unzela Walker, 1856
- Viriclanis Aarvik, 1999
- Xanthopan Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Xenosphingia Jordan, 1920
- Xylophanes Hübner, 1819
- Zacria Haxaire & Melichar, 2003

## 外部連結

- Sphingidae
- European Butterflies and Moths
- Sphingidae of the United States
- Family Sphingidae at Lepidoptera.pro
- Pictures
- Australian Museum Fact Sheet - Hawk Moths
- CATE-Sphingidae: a recently initiated project to produce a "one-stop shop" for Sphingidae taxonomy
- CSIRO: Australian Moths Online - Sphingidae
- ACG Sphingidae of Costa Rica images.
- List of Sphingidae Types (Museum Witt München).
- Flickr Images, mosly excellent

## 基本資料

- 學名：Sphingidae
- 說明：小豆長喙天蛾（Macroglossum stellatarum）
- 命名者：Samouelle，1819或 Latreille, 1802
- 模式種：Sphinx ligustri
- type_species_authority：Linnaeus, 1758
- diversity：200多個屬、約1,450個品種
- diversity_link：Sphingidae species list
- subdivision_ranks：亞科
- 栽培群成員：見內文
- 異名：Cocytiidae