羅伯特·格雷夫斯

羅伯特·馮蘭克·格雷夫斯（Robert von Ranke Graves，1895年7月24日－1985年12月7日），英國詩人、學者、小說家暨翻譯家。專門從事古希臘和羅馬作品的研究，在他漫長的一生中，他創作了140餘部作品。他的回憶錄《向一切告別》（1929年）講述了他在第一次世界大戰中的經歷；他被譽為最優秀的英語愛情詩詩人。

他以寫作為生，他的歷史小說如《耶穌王》（King Jesus）、關於古羅馬皇帝克勞狄的兩部曲《我，克勞迪亞斯》（I， Claudius）與《被神化的克勞狄和他的妻子梅薩利納》（Claudius the God and His Wife Messalina）、以及拜占庭帝國貝利撒留的生平故事《貝利撒留伯爵》（Count Belisarius）特別受歡迎。他也是傑出的古典拉丁語和古希臘文的翻譯家，1934年格雷夫斯因小說《我，克勞迪斯》被授予詹姆斯·泰特·布萊克紀念獎。

## 作品

### 詩集

- Country Sentiment, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1920
- Over the Brazier. London: William Heinemann, 1923; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1923.
- The Feather Bed. Richmond, Surrey: Hogarth Press, 1923.
- Mock Beggar Hall. London: Hogarth Press, 1924.
- Welchmans Hose. London: The Fleuron, 1925.
- Poems. London: Ernest Benn, 1925.
- The Marmosites Miscellany (as John Doyle). London: Hogarth Press, 1925.
- Poems (1914–1926). London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929.
- Poems (1914–1927). London: William Heinemann
- To Whom Else? Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931.
- Poems 1930–1933. London: Arthur Barker, 1933.
- Collected Poems. London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random House, 1938.
- No More Ghosts: Selected Poems. London: Faber & Faber, 1940.
- Work in Hand, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge. London: Hogarth Press, 1942.
- Poems. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943.
- Poems 1938–1945. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Age Press, 1946.
- Collected Poems (1914–1947). London: Cassell, 1948.
- Poems and Satires. London: Cassell, 1951.
- Poems 1953. London: Cassell, 1953.
- Collected Poems 1955. New York: Doubleday, 1955.
- Poems Selected by Himself. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978.
- The Poems of Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
- Collected Poems 1959. London: Cassell, 1959.
- The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1960; New York: Doubleday, 1961.
- More Poems 1961. London: Cassell, 1961.
- Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1961.
- New Poems 1962. London: Cassell, 1962; as New Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1963.
- The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration. Marlborough College Press, 1962.
- Man Does, Woman Is. London: Cassell, 1964/New York:Doubleday, 1964.
- Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1964.
- Love Respelt. London: Cassell, 1965/New York: Doubleday, 1966.
- One Hard Look, 1965
- Collected Poems, 1965. London: Cassell, 1965.
- Seventeen Poems Missing from "Love Respelt". privately printed, 1966.
- Colophon to "Love Respelt". Privately printed, 1967.
- Poems 1965–1968. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Poems About Love. London: Cassell, 1969; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Love Respelt Again. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Beyond Giving. privately printed, 1969.
- Poems 1968–1970. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971.
- The Green-Sailed Vessel. privately printed, 1971.
- Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes. London: Cassell, 1971.
- Poems 1970–1972. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
- Deyá, A Portfolio. London: Motif Editions, 1972.
- Timeless Meeting: Poems. privately printed, 1973.
- At the Gate. privately printed, London, 1974.
- Collected Poems 1975. London: Cassell, 1975.
- New Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1977.
- Selected Poems, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Penguin, 1986
- The Centenary Selected Poems, ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
- Complete Poems Volume 1, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
- Complete Poems Volume 2, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1996.
- Complete Poems Volume 3, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1999.
- The Complete Poems in One Volume, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.

### 小說

- My Head! My Head!. London: Secker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New York, 1925.
- The Shout. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929.
- No Decency Left. (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.
- The Real David Copperfield. London: Arthur Barker, 1933; as David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Condensed by Robert Graves, ed. M. P. Paine. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934.
- I, Claudius. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934.
- Sequel: Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935.
- Antigua, Penny, Puce. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; New York: Random House, 1937.
- Count Belisarius. London: Cassell, 1938: Random House, New York, 1938.
- Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth. London: Methuen, 1940; as Sergeant Lamb's America. New York: Random House, 1940.
- Sequel: Proceed, Sergeant Lamb. London: Methuen, 1941; New York: Random House, 1941.
- The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton. London: Cassell, 1943; as Wife to Mr Milton: The Story of Marie Powell. New York: Creative Age Press, 1944.
- The Golden Fleece. London: Cassell, 1944; as Hercules, My Shipmate, New York: Creative Age Press, 1945.
- King Jesus. New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946.
- Watch the North Wind Rise. New York: Creative Age Press, 1949; as Seven Days in New Crete. London: Cassell, 1949.
- The Islands of Unwisdom. New York: Doubleday, 1949; as The Isles of Unwisdom. London: Cassell, 1950.
- Homer's Daughter. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955.
- Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny. London: Cassell, 1956.
- They Hanged My Saintly Billy. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957.
- Collected Short Stories. Doubleday: New York, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965.
- An Ancient Castle. London: Peter Owen, 1980.

### 其他作品

- On English Poetry. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922.
- The Meaning of Dreams. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; New York: Greenberg, 1925.
- Poetic Unreason and Other Studies. London: Cecil Palmer, 1925.
- Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: A Political Analogy. London: Hogarth Press, 1925.
- Another Future of Poetry. London: Hogarth Press, 1926.
- Impenetrability or The Proper Habit of English. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
- The English Ballad: A Short Critical Survey. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as English and Scottish Ballads. London: William Heinemann, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957.
- Lars Porsena or The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E. P. Dutton, New York, 1927; revised as The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1936.
- A Survey of Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928.
- Lawrence and the Arabs. London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; as Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
- A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; as Against Anthologies. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
- Mrs. Fisher or The Future of Humour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928.
- Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960.
- But It Still Goes On: An Accumulation. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1931.
- T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939.
- The Long Weekend (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941.
- The Reader Over Your Shoulder (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943.
- The White Goddess. London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Press, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958.
- The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922–1949. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949.
- Occupation: Writer. New York: Creative Age Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951.
- The Golden Ass of Apuleius, New York: Farrar, Straus, 1951.
- The Nazarene Gospel Restored (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954.
- The Greek Myths. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955.
- The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954–1955. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1956.
- Adam's Rib. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958.
- Jesus in Rome (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1957.
- Steps. London: Cassell, 1958.
- 5 Pens in Hand. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
- The Anger of Achilles. New York: Doubleday, 1959.
- Food for Centaurs. New York: Doubleday, 1960.
- Greek Gods and Heroes. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as Myths of Ancient Greece. London: Cassell, 1961.
- Selected Poetry and Prose (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961.
- Oxford Addresses on Poetry. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962.
- The Siege and Fall of Troy. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963.
- The Big Green Book. New York: Crowell Collier, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak
- Hebrew Myths. The Book of Genesis (with Raphael Patai). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964.
- Majorca Observed. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
- Mammon and the Black Goddess. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
- Two Wise Children. New York: Harlin Quist, 1966; London: Harlin Quist, 1967.
- The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam (with Omar Ali-Shah). London: Cassell, 1967.
- Poetic Craft and Principle. London: Cassell, 1967.
- The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Greek Myths and Legends. London: Cassell, 1968.
- The Crane Bag. London: Cassell, 1969.
- On Poetry: Collected Talks and Essays. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
- In Broken Images: Selected Letters 1914–1946, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1982
- Between Moon and Moon: Selected Letters 1946–1972, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1984
- Collected Writings on Poetry, ed. Paul O'Prey, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
- Complete Short Stories, ed. Lucia Graves, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
- Some Speculations on Literature, History, and Religion, ed. Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.
- 5 November address, X magazine, Volume One, Number Three, June 1960; An Anthology from X (Oxford University Press 1988).

## 來源

- 羅伯特·格雷夫斯 (1960) 《向一切告別》， London: Penguin.
- 西摩，米蘭達（1995）「羅伯特·格雷夫斯，生命的邊緣」， London: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-40860-9

## 外部連結

### 作品和檔案

- 羅伯特·格雷夫斯的數字檔案 - 牛津大學
- 羅伯特·格雷夫斯檔案 - 維多利亞大學
- 羅伯特·格雷夫斯論文 - 南伊利諾伊大學卡本代爾特別典藏研究中心
- 羅伯特·格雷夫斯論文 - 牛津大學聖約翰學院檔案中心

### 文章和訪談

- 1965年英國廣播公司電視採訪 (29分鐘)
- Pegasos article 羅伯特·格雷夫斯
- Article by Robert H. Canary, "Utopian and Fantastic Dualities in Robert Graves's Watch the North Wind Rise"

## 基本資料

- 日語原文：羅伯特·格雷夫斯、Robert Graves
- 出生：Robert von Ranke Graves
- 出生日期：1895年7月24日
- 出生地：英國英格蘭薩里郡溫布爾登
- 逝世日期：1985年12月7日
- 逝世地：西班牙馬略卡島德亞
- 職業：小說家、學者、詩人、軍人
- 國籍：西班牙