鹽膚木屬

鹽膚木屬（學名：Rhus）也稱鹽麩木屬，是漆樹科中的一個屬，包括有250餘種，廣泛分布在全球亞熱帶和溫帶地區。本屬植物皆為小喬木或灌木，最高可達1-10米，一般葉為奇數羽狀複葉，單也有些品種為單葉或三叉葉；花小，綠色、白色或紅色，圓錐花序密生，花序可達5-30厘米長，花瓣5；果實為小核果，橙色或黃白色。

鹽膚木屬有的品種核果可以做烹飪或菸草的調味品，或用於製作飲料。鹽膚木（Rhus chinensis）的蟲癭俗稱「五倍子」，是一種化工原料和藥用的原料。漆樹原來也位於該屬。

鹽膚木屬有的品種乾燥的木材在紫外線照射下可以發螢光，木材細緻，為細木工的原料。

根據近期的分子研究，鹽膚木屬中的大部分物種已被拆分至Actinocheita、Baronia、黃櫨屬（Cotinus）、Malosma、Searsia、漆屬（Toxicodendron）。

屬名Rhus源於希臘語rhous，即「鹽膚木」。

## 主要品種

非洲：、Rhus acocksii Moffett、Rhus albomarginata Sond.、Rhus angustifolia L.、Rhus batophylla Codd、Rhus baurii Schonl.、Rhus bolusii Sond. ex Engl.、Rhus burchellii Sond. ex Engl.、Rhus carnosula Schonl、Rhus chirindensis Bak.f.、Rhus ciliata Licht. ex Schult.、Rhus crenata Thunb.、Rhus cuneifolia L.、Rhus dentata Thunb.、Rhus discolorE.Mey. ex Sond.、Rhus dissecta Thunb.、Rhus divaricata Eckl. & Zeyh.、Rhus dracomontana Moffett、Rhus dregeana Sond.、Rhus dura Schonl.、Rhus engleri Britt.、Rhus erosa Thunb.、Rhus fastigiata Eckl. & Zeyh.、Rhus gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels.、Rhus glauca Thunb.、Rhus gracillima Engl.、Rhus grandidens Harv. ex Engl.、Rhus gueinzii Sond.、Rhus harveyi Moffett、Rhus horrida Eckl. & Zeyh.、Rhus incisa L.f.、Rhus kirkii Oliv.、Rhus keetii Schönl.、Rhus krebsiana Presl ex Engl.、Rhus laevigata L.、Rhus lancea L.f. (syn. Searsia lancea)、Rhus leptodictya Diels.、Rhus longispina Eckl. & Zeyh.、Rhus lucens Hutch.、Rhus lucida L.、Rhus macowanii Schönl.、Rhus magalismontana Sond.、Rhus maricoana Moffett、Rhus marlothii Engl.、Rhus microcarpa Schonl.、Rhus montana Diels、Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss、Rhus nebulosa Schonl.、Rhus pallens Eckl. & Zeyh.、Rhus pendulina Jacq.、Rhus pentheri Zahlbr.、Rhus pondoensis Schönl.、Rhus populifolia E.Mey. ex Sond.、Rhus problematodes Merxm. & Roessl.、Rhus pterota Presl、Rhus pygmaea Moffett、Rhus pyroides Burch.、Rhus quartiniana A. Rich.、Rhus refracta Eckl. & Zeyh.、Rhus rehmanniana Engl.｜、Rhus rigida Mill.、Rhus rimosa Eckl. & Zeyh.、Rhus rogersii Schonl.、Rhus rosmarinifolia Vahl、Rhus rudatisii Engl.、Rhus scytophylla Eckl. & Zeyh.、Rhus sekhukhuniensis Moffett、Rhus stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh.、Rhus tenuinervis Engl.、Rhus tomentosa L.、Rhus transvaalensis Engl.、Rhus tridactyla Burch.、Rhus tumulicola S.Moore、Rhus undulata Jacq.、Rhus volkii Suesseng.、Rhus wilmsii Diels.、Rhus zeyheri Sond. ;亞洲：、鹽膚木 Rhus chinensis Mill. 濱鹽膚木 Rhus chinensis var. roxburghii (DC.) Rehd.、白背麩楊 Rhus hypoleuca Champ. ex Benth.、鹽麩子 Rhus javanica L. = 鴉膽子 Brucea javanica (Linn.) Merr.、旁遮普麩楊 Rhus punjabensis Stewart 紅麩楊 Rhus punjabensis var. sinica (Diels) Rehd. et Wils. ** 毛葉麩楊 Rhus punjabensis var. pilosa Engl.、Rhus verniciflua (syn. Toxicodendron vernicifluum, 漆樹)、Rhus succedanea (syn. Toxicodendron succedaneum，野漆) ;大洋州：、Rhus taitensis Guillemin ;地中海區域：、Rhus coriaria (Tanner's sumac)、Rhus pentaphylla、Rhus tripartita ;北美洲：、Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac)、Rhus copallina (winged or shining sumac)、Rhus glabra (smooth sumac)、Rhus lanceolata (prairie sumac)、Rhus michauxii (Michaux's sumac)、Rhus typhina (staghorn sumac)、Rhus toxicodendron (syn. Toxicodendron radicans, poison ivy)、Rhus vernix (syn. Toxicodendron vernix, poison sumac)、Rhus choriophylla (Mearn's sumac), Arizona, New Mexico、Rhus laurina (syn. Malosma laurina, laurel sumac).、Rhus integrifolia (lemonade sumac)、Rhus glabra (smooth sumac)、Rhus microphylla (desert sumac, littleleaf sumac)、Rhus ovata (sugar sumac)、Rhus trilobata (skunkbush sumac)、Rhus virens (evergreen sumac) ;中美洲：、Rhus muelleri (Müller's sumac); northeast Mexico ;太平洋區域：、Rhus sandwicensis A. Gray (Neleau); Hawaii, endemic.

## 參考文獻

- RO Moffett. A Revision of Southern African Rhus species FSA (Flora of South Africa) vol 19 (3) Fascicle 1.
- Schmidt, E., Lotter, M., & McCleland, W. (2002). Trees and Shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park. Jacana. ISBN 1-919777-30-X.

## 基本資料

- 說明：火炬漆樹 （Rhus typhina）
- 學名：Rhus
- genus_authority：L.
- 模式種：Rhus coriaria
- type_species_authority：L.
- subdivision_ranks：種
- 栽培群成員：參見正文