蛞蝓

蛞蝓，中國南方某些地區稱蜒蚰，俗稱鼻涕蟲或無殼蝸牛，又稱水蜒蚰，是一類無殼的陸生腹足綱軟體動物，與同樣陸生的蝸牛組成有肺目。蛞蝓雌雄同體，外表看起來像被摘除背殼的蝸牛，體表溼潤有黏液，對農作物有害，但對人體無害。

## 食用價值

蛞蝓雖然可以食用，且味道和蝸牛無異，但因為外形對某些人會造成心理上的噁心，因此幾乎很少能見到人類去食用這類軟體動物；蛞蝓本身無毒無害，但牠為血線蟲的中間宿主，人類食用未100%煮熟的蛞蝓會被感染。

## 寄生蟲病

蛞蝓是萬年青屬植物的花粉傳授者，故在萬年青上常可見蛞蝓出沒。2010年，澳洲有一名19歲的橄欖球球員Sam Ballard，接受朋友的挑戰，生吞活蛞蝓後，感染「廣東住血線蟲」（Rat Lungworm）。該寄生蟲在囓齒動物身上發現，但蝸牛或蛞蝓在吃掉老鼠糞便時也會成為中間宿主。因此罹患了嗜酸性腦膜炎（eosinophilic meningo-encephalitis），導致終身癱瘓，於2018年病逝。

## 分類

- 直尿道亞目 Orthurethra
- Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873
- Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900
- Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900
- 蛹蝸牛超科 Pupilloidea Turton, 1831
- 彎尿道亞目 Sigmurethra
- Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
- 非洲大蝸牛超科 Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
- Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
- 歐洲蛞蝓超科 Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
- 無盔蛞蝓超科 Athoracophoroidea
- 無盔蛞蝓科 Athoracophoridae
- Orthalicoidea
- Bulimulinae
- Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
- 煙管蝸牛超科 Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864
- Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
- Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
- 蘋果蝸牛超科 Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
- 背盾蛞蝓超科 Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
- Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
- Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
- Punctoidea Morse, 1864
- 彩釉蝸牛超科 Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
- 彩釉蝸牛科 Rhytididae Pilsbry, 1893，皺紋蝸牛科
- Afrorhytida Möllendorff, 1902
- Altidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Amborhytida Climo, 1974
- Annabellia Shea & O.L.Griffiths, 2010
- Austrorhytida B.J.Smith, 1987
- Briansmithia J.Stanisic, 2010
- Capitina H.Watson, 1934
- Chlamydephorus W.G.Binney, 1879
- Corilla H.Adams & A.Adams, 1855
- Costadelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Delos F.W.Hutton, 1904
- Delouagapia Powell, 1952
- Diplomphalus Crosse & P.Fischer, 1872
- Echotrida Iredale, 1933
- Emmalena J.Stanisic, 2018
- Griffithsina J.Stanisic, 2010
- Hebridelos Solem, 1959
- Laevidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Limesta J.Stanisic, 2010
- 擬巨圓螺屬 Macrocycloides E.von Martens, 1867
- Macrodelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Microdelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Microphyura Ancey, 1882
- Minidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Montidelos Iredale, 1943
- Murphitella Iredale, 1933
- Nata H.Watson, 1934
- Natalina Pilsbry, 1893
- Natella H.Watson, 1934
- Occirhenea Iredale, 1933
- Ouagapia Crosse, 1895
- Paryphanta Albers, 1850
- Powelliphanta O'Connor, 1945
- Prolesophanta Iredale, 1933
- Protorugosa Shea & O.L.Griffiths, 2010
- Pseudechotrida J.Stanisic, 2010
- Pseudomphalus Ancey, 1882
- Ptychorhytida Möllendorff, 1902
- Rhytida Albers, 1860
- Rhytida Martens, 1860
- Rhytidarex Powell, 1948
- Saladelos B.J.Smith, 1979
- Scagacola J.Stanisic, 2010
- Schizoglossa Hedley, 1893
- Strangesta Iredale, 1937
- Tasmaphena Iredale, 1933
- Terrycarlessia J.Stanisic, 2010
- Torresiropa Iredale, 1933
- Torresiropa Solem, 1959
- Umbilidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Victaphanta Iredale, 1933
- Vitellidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Wainuia Powell, 1930
- Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895
- Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931
- 扭蝸牛超科 Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806
- Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926
- Parmacelloidea
- Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864

## 外部連結

- Biology of Slugs
- Ohio State University slug fact sheet
- Leopard Slug Info
- Eastern Box Turtles eat slugs and snails
- Pancake Slug (Veronicella sloanei) Info
- Land Slugs and Snails and Their Control (pub. 1959) hosted by the UNT Government Documents Department
- slugs of Florida on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site

## 基本資料

- 日語原文：有肺目
- 學名：Pulmonata
- 說明：大蛞蝓（Limax maximus），一種陸生蛞蝓