瑪雅潘

瑪雅潘（猶加敦馬雅語：Màayapáan；西班牙語：Mayapán），是中美洲古代瑪雅文明後期中心之一，位於墨西哥尤卡坦半島境內，奇琴伊察以西100公里，坐標：北緯20°37′46″，西經89°27′38″。

1221年左右，瑪雅人發動起義，推翻了奇琴伊察的統治。不久，各個城邦首領召開會議，商議重新建立一個政治中心，將其命名為「瑪雅潘」，意為「瑪雅人的標準」。科科姆家族（Cocom）首領被選為瑪雅之王，但是其他貴族家族亦派出成員參與政府。

1441年，希烏家族的首領舒潘（Ah Xiu Xupan）領導了反抗科科姆家族的起義，攻占瑪雅潘。最終科科姆家族遭到滅族，只有一人因為貿易去了宏都拉斯而倖存下來，瑪雅潘被洗劫、焚毀並廢棄，其他區內大城市都走向衰落，而尤卡坦半島就陷入了多國混戰。

1950年代，卡內基基金會資助了一次對瑪雅潘的大規模考察，發現了一系列遺蹟，推斷出其規模大約在1萬至1萬5千居民左右。

## 參考文獻

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## 基本資料

- 日語原文：瑪雅潘、Màayapáan
- 諺文：Mesoamerica
- 座標：20°N 37°W
- 地點：墨西哥尤卡坦州特科市
- 地區：尤卡坦半島
- 文化：瑪雅文明