有教無類法案

有教無類法案（No Child Left Behind Act of 2001，Public Law 107-110），又譯為不讓任何孩子落後法案，簡稱為NCLB，是2002年1月8日由美國總統喬治·沃克·布希簽署的一項美國聯邦法律，該法案的措施的效力和願望仍在引起熱烈的辯論。

## 教師品質

不讓任何孩子落後法案要求到2005-2006學年末，所有教師達到法案所定義的「非常合格」——完成州證明和執照。新教師必須滿足以下條件：

- 至少擁有學士學位
- 小學教師必須通過全州考試，證明其閱讀／語言藝術、寫作、數學等小學課程基礎領域的學科知識和教學技能。
- 中學教師必須通過全州任教學科考試

其他教師必須擁有學士學位，並通過全州的學科知識和教學技能考試。這些要求引起了許多辯論，特別是對於特殊教育教師和小型鄉村學校的教師難以執行，他們常常要同時教許多年級和科目。更多資訊參見 美國教育部網站：教師品質指南

## 學生考試

全國所有3－8年級學生每年必須接受各州政府的閱讀和數學統考。到2007-2008學年末，3–5、6–9、10－11年級將各進行一次理科統考。

## 公立學校擇校

也稱School of Choice，各學校必須在一學年內取得規定的進步，否則學生可以要求轉學。國會後來大幅度增長投資，為學區提供資金。

## 年度進步評估

NCLB在每年會對學校通過標準化測試的方法進行評估，這稱為Adequately Yearly Progress（AYP），無法通過這項評估的學校會收到各種強制補救措施，比方增加財政投入、加強教師培訓、學校託管甚至是關閉學校。

## 名稱由來

該法案名稱的最可能的來源是the liberal advocacy group (CDF)的格言，「不讓任何孩子落後。」（"Leave No Child Behind."）這個CDF的座右銘本身最可能來源於美國陸軍遊騎兵的座右銘：「不讓任何一個人被落下。」（"Leave No Man Behind."）

## 外部連結

- 美國國家教育協會 「不讓任何孩子落後」/初等和中等教育法（英文） (國家教育協會的立場)
- 泰德·甘迺迪參議員支持修訂《不讓任何孩子落後法案》（英文）, 2007年3月
- NCLB之聲 (受此法影響的教育者的眾多評論和意見)（英文）
- "No Child Left" is a site and journal opposed to NCLB and highly critical of its approach to schools.
- School Ranking Data based on NCLB (subscription required)
- NCLB Desktop Reference (147 pages)
- NCLB Desktop Reference (online version, includes Microsoft documents and PDF links)
- Text of No Child Left Behind Act
- No Child Left Behind: Testing, Reporting, and Accountability
- Remarks by President Bush at signing ceremony
- Facts About NCLB Funding
- Implications of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 for Teacher Education
- Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the No Child Left Behind Act
- National Institute for Literacy
- Pros & Cons of the No Child Left Behind Act, at About.com
- Analysis of NCLB
- Comments by Secretary of Education
- No Child Left Behind: Misguided Accountability System for English Language Learners
- Linda Perlstein, The Nation 21 October 2004，"The Issue Left Behind"
- " White House paid commentator to promote law", 7 January 2005，Greg Toppo, USA Today
- President Discusses No Child Left Behind and High School Initiatives，Speech text and video, 12 January 2005
- "The ABCs of AYP" Explanation of the NCLB accountability system from The Education Trust
- No Child Left Behind at Wikia
- Mississippi Teacher Corps Focus Paper on No Child Left Behind
- Military Free Zone Reveals some of the darker sides of the NCLB Act
- Center for Education Reform website Promoting charter schools and other reforms
- Educational Underwriters Incorporated Non-profit organization which certifies the research backing educational products as NCLB compliant.
- National Center for Fair & Open Testing (FairTest)

## 基本資料

- 日語原文：2001年不讓任何孩子落後法案
- 全名：通過責任感、靈活性和選擇來縮小成就差距，從而不讓任何孩子掉隊。
- 縮寫nobold：NCLB
- 考慮機關：107
- public law url：http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ110/content-detail.html
- cite public law：107-110
- cite statutes at large：30 Stat. 750, 42 Stat. 108, 48 Stat. 986, 52 Stat. 781, 73 Stat. 4, 88 Stat. 2213, 102 Stat. 130 and 357, 107 Stat. 1510, 108 Stat. 154 and 223, 112 Stat. 3076, 113 Stat. 1323, 115 Stat. 1425 to 2094
- acts amended：Adult Education and Family Literacy Act、Age Discrimination Act of 1975、Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellowship Act of 1994、Augustus F. Hawkins-Robert T. Stafford Elementary and Secondary School Improvement Amendments of 1988、Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998、Civil Rights Act of 1964、Communications Act of 1934、Community Services Block Grant Act、Department of Education Organization Act、District of Columbia College Access Act of 1999、Education Amendments of 1972、Education Amendments of 1978、Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999、Education for Economic Security Act、Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994、Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965、Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993、General Education Provisions Act、Goals 2000: Educate America Act、Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1986、Higher Education Act of 1965、Individuals with Disabilities Education Act、James Madison Memorial Fellowship Act、Internal Revenue Code of 1986、Johnson–O'Malley Act of 1934、Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1997、McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act of 1987、Museum and Library Services Act、National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977、National and Community Service Act of 1990、National Child Protection Act of 1993、National Education Statistics Act of 1994、National Environmental Education Act of 1990、Native American Languages Act、Public Law 88-210、Public Law 106-400、Refugee Education Assistance Act of 1980、Rehabilitation Act of 1973、Safe Drinking Water Act、School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994、State Dependent Care Development Grants Act、Telecommunications Act of 1996、Tribally Controlled Schools Act of 1987、Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976、Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century、Workforce Investment Act of 1998
- title amended：15 U.S.C.: Commerce and Trade、20 U.S.C.: Education、42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare、47 U.S.C.: Telegraphy
- sections amended：15 §§ 2601–2629、20 § 1001 et seq.、20、42 § 11301 et seq.、47 § 609、47 § 251 et seq.、47 § 151 et seq.、47 § 271 et seq.
- leghisturl：https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1/all-actions
- introducedin：眾議院
- introducedby：John Boehner (R-OH)
- introduceddate：March 22, 2001
- 委員會：Education and the Workforce and Judiciary
- passedbody1：眾議院
- passeddate1：May 23, 2001
- passedvote1： 384–45
- passedbody2：參議院
- passeddate2：June 14, 2001
- passedvote2： 91–8
- conferencedate：December 13, 2001
- passedbody3：眾議院
- passeddate3：December 13, 2001
- passedvote3： 381–41
- passedbody4：參議院
- passeddate4：December 18, 2001
- passedvote4： 87–10
- 總統：George W. Bush
- 簽署日期：January 8, 2002
- 修訂：Repealed on December 10, 2015