鉛的同位素

鉛有178Pb至220Pb共43種同位素，其中4個（204Pb、206Pb、207Pb、208Pb）是穩定的。鉛在所有的穩定同位素中，質量數最大。鉛是一個雙幻數核，分別為82個質子和126個中子。

鉛同位素由於具有發生化學反應後不會有明顯分化現象，因此常用於地球化學與汙染源的示蹤。

## 圖表

178Pb

178.003830(26)

0.23(15) ms

α

174Hg

0+

179Pb

179.00215(21)#

3.9(1.1) ms

α

175Hg

(9/2−)

180Pb

179.997918(22)

4.5(11) ms

α

176Hg

0+

α (98%)

177Hg

β+ (2%)

181Tl

α (98%)

178Hg

β+ (2%)

182Tl

α (94%)

179Hg

β+ (6%)

183Tl

α

179Hg

β+ （不常見）

183Tl

α

180Hg

β+ （不常見）

184Tl

α

181Hg

β+ （不常見）

185Tl

α

181Hg

β+ （不常見）

185Tl

α (56%)

182Hg

β+ (44%)

186Tl

β+

187Tl

α

183Hg

β+ (98%)

187Tl

α (2%)

183Hg

β+ (91.5%)

188Tl

α (8.5%)

184Hg

188m1Pb

2578.2(7) keV

830(210) ns

(8−)

188m2Pb

2800(50) keV

797(21) ns

189Pb

188.98081(4)

51(3) s

β+

189Tl

(3/2−)

β+ (99.6%)

189Tl

α (.4%)

185Hg

β+ (99.1%)

190Tl

α (.9%)

186Hg

190m1Pb

2614.8(8) keV

150 ns

(10)+

190m2Pb

2618(20) keV

25 µs

(12+)

190m3Pb

2658.2(8) keV

7.2(6) µs

(11)−

β+ (99.987%)

191Tl

α (.013%)

187Hg

β+ (99.98%)

191Tl

α (.02%)

187Hg

β+ (99.99%)

192Tl

α (.0061%)

188Hg

192m1Pb

2581.1(1) keV

164(7) ns

(10)+

192m2Pb

2625.1(11) keV

1.1(5) µs

(12+)

192m3Pb

2743.5(4) keV

756(21) ns

(11)−

193Pb

192.97617(5)

5# min

β+

193Tl

(3/2−)

193m1Pb

130(80)# keV

5.8(2) min

β+

193Tl

13/2(+)

193m2Pb

2612.5(5)+X keV

135(+25−15) ns

(33/2+)

β+ (100%)

194Tl

α (7.3×10−6%)

190Hg

195Pb

194.974542(25)

~15 min

β+

195Tl

3/2#-

195m1Pb

202.9(7) keV

15.0(12) min

β+

195Tl

13/2+

195m2Pb

1759.0(7) keV

10.0(7) µs

21/2−

β+

196Tl

α (3×10−5%)

192Hg

196m1Pb

1049.20(9) keV

<100 ns

2+

196m2Pb

1738.27(12) keV

<1 µs

4+

196m3Pb

1797.51(14) keV

140(14) ns

5−

196m4Pb

2693.5(5) keV

270(4) ns

(12+)

197Pb

196.973431(6)

8.1(17) min

β+

197Tl

3/2−

β+ (81%)

197Tl

IT (19%)

197Pb

α (3×10−4%)

193Hg

197m2Pb

1914.10(25) keV

1.15(20) µs

21/2−

198Pb

197.972034(16)

2.4(1) h

β+

198Tl

0+

198m1Pb

2141.4(4) keV

4.19(10) µs

(7)−

198m2Pb

2231.4(5) keV

137(10) ns

(9)−

198m3Pb

2820.5(7) keV

212(4) ns

(12)+

199Pb

198.972917(28)

90(10) min

β+

199Tl

3/2−

IT (93%)

199Pb

β+ (7%)

199Tl

199m2Pb

2563.8(27) keV

10.1(2) µs

(29/2−)

200Pb

199.971827(12)

21.5(4) h

β+

200Tl

0+

EC (99%)

201Pb

β+ (1%)

201Tl

201m1Pb

629.14(17) keV

61(2) s

13/2+

201m2Pb

2718.5+X keV

508(5) ns

(29/2−)

202Pb

201.972159(9)

52.5(28)×103 y

EC

202Tl

0+

IT (90.5%)

202Pb

EC (9.5%)

202Tl

202m2Pb

4142.9(11) keV

110(5) ns

(16+)

202m3Pb

5345.9(13) keV

107(5) ns

(19−)

203Pb

202.973391(7)

51.873(9) h

EC

203Tl

5/2−

203m1Pb

825.20(9) keV

6.21(8) s

IT

203Pb

13/2+

203m2Pb

2949.47(22) keV

480(7) ms

29/2−

203m3Pb

2923.4+X keV

122(4) ns

(25/2−)

204Pb

203.9730436(13)

觀測上穩定

0+

0.014(1)

0.0104–0.0165

204m1Pb

1274.00(4) keV

265(10) ns

4+

204m2Pb

2185.79(5) keV

67.2(3) min

9−

204m3Pb

2264.33(4) keV

0.45(+10−3) µs

7−

205Pb

204.9744818(13)

15.3(7)×106 y

EC

205Tl

5/2−

205m1Pb

2.329(7) keV

24.2(4) µs

1/2−

205m2Pb

1013.839(13) keV

5.55(2) ms

13/2+

205m3Pb

3195.7(5) keV

217(5) ns

25/2−

206Pb

Radium G

205.9744653(13)

觀測上穩定

0+

0.241(1)

0.2084–0.2748

206m1Pb

2200.14(4) keV

125(2) µs

7−

206m2Pb

4027.3(7) keV

202(3) ns

12+

207Pb

Actinium D

206.9758969(13)

觀測上穩定

1/2−

0.221(1)

0.1762–0.2365

207mPb

1633.368(5) keV

806(6) ms

IT

207Pb

13/2+

208Pb

Thorium D

207.9766521(13)

觀測上穩定

0+

0.524(1)

0.5128–0.5621

208mPb

4895(2) keV

500(10) ns

10+

209Pb

208.9810901(19)

3.253(14) h

β-

209Bi

9/2+

痕量

β- (100%)

210Bi

α (1.9×10−6%)

206Hg

210mPb

1278(5) keV

201(17) ns

8+

211Pb

Actinium B

210.9887370(29)

36.1(2) min

β-

211Bi

9/2+

痕量

212Pb

Thorium B

211.9918975(24)

10.64(1) h

β-

212Bi

0+

痕量

212mPb

1335(10) keV

5(1) µs

(8+)

213Pb

212.996581(8)

10.2(3) min

β-

213Bi

(9/2+)

214Pb

Radium B

213.9998054(26)

26.8(9) min

β-

214Bi

0+

痕量

214mPb

1420(20) keV

6.2(0.3) μs

IT

212Pb

8+#

215Pb

215.004660(60)

2.34(0.19) min

β−

215Bi

9/2+#

216Pb

216.008030(210)#

1.65(0.2) min

β−

216Bi

0+

216mPb

1514(20) keV

400(40) ns

IT

216Pb

8+#

217Pb

217.013140(320)#

20(5) s

β−

217Bi

9/2+#

218Pb

218.016590(320)#

15(7) s

β−

218Bi

0+

219Pb

219.02214(43)#

3# s>300 ns

11/2+#

220Pb

220.02591(43)#

1# s>300 ns

0+

## 鉛-212

212Pb可用於α粒子標靶治療。

## 參考文獻

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) .
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本資料

- infobox_name：lead
- 貨幣符號：Pb
- 日語原文：鉛
- isotopes table footnote：天然鉛樣品中，同位素的豐度有很大的變化量
- standard atomic weight：206.14, 207.94