吸蟲綱

吸蟲（學名：Trematoda）是寄生蟲的一種，為扁形動物門吸蟲綱動物的總稱，也稱為瓜仁蟲。一些吸蟲也被稱為二口蟲（拉丁語：Distoma）。其名由來是因為它的口吸盤和腹吸盤都被認為是口而致，拉丁語中，Di代表「二」，stoma代表「口」。

## 概述

吸蟲是非常有名的一種寄生蟲，大部分為雌雄同體，可自體受精；生活史中可能有一個或多個中間宿主，以魚類、人體等多種脊椎動物為最終宿主；成蟲產卵發育成纖毛幼蟲（Miracidium，亦作毛蚴），纖毛幼蟲入侵中間宿主後，增殖並發育成尾動幼蟲(cercaride，亦作尾蚴)，再被最終宿主食入前會發育成曩狀幼蟲（metacerariae，亦作曩蚴）。吸蟲的成蟲有口吸盤及腹吸盤，其卵有卵蓋（operculum），蟲體在人體中最久可活30年，由生食淡水魚而感染。貓、狗為一種名為保蟲的吸蟲宿主，成蟲寄生於膽道，大量感染時可在膽囊中發現蟲體。曩狀幼蟲存在於淡水魚時，醃漬、煙燻或脫水皆不能將其殺死，輕微感染時無症狀，重度感染會造成膽道阻塞、膽囊炎、結石、肝膿痬或急性胰臟炎等，蟲卵約於感染後1個月後可於糞便中發現。

## 分類

吸蟲綱物種原來分為單殖目（Monogena）、複殖目（Digenea）、盾腹目（Aspidogastrea，亦作盾盤目或楯盤目）三個目。單殖、複殖所指的是物種的雄性生殖系統的輸精管的數目（單殖1個、複殖2個）；而盾腹目的命名則沿於其特徵，在其腹口吸盤周圍有一個盾牌狀的襯墊。當時的單殖目可再細分為三個亞目，但現時單殖目已被提升至綱級，成為單殖綱。餘下的兩個目合計的物種，推算約 18,000到 24,000個物種。有文獻把這兩個目提升到亞綱的地位。

複殖目又名二生目，是吸蟲綱絕大多數物種所屬，之下再分為腹口亞目（Gasterostomata，寄生於魚腸內）及前口亞目（Prosostomata，有59科），其物種泛稱複殖吸蟲（digenetic trematode）是以寄生人體為對象的吸蟲。複殖吸蟲的基本結構和發育過程大致上相同，種類相當繁多且形態各自相差頗大，生活史有性世代（寄生於軟體動物，如螺螄、蚌類的階段）與無性世代（寄生於脊椎動物體內階段），基本生活型態是以卵生且多種幼蟲（毛蚴、胞蚴、雷蚴、尾蚴、囊蚴）之後在成長為成蟲。這些吸蟲中以人類為宿主的種類，有肺吸蟲（衛氏肺吸蟲）、肝吸蟲（中華肝吸蟲、牛羊肝吸蟲）、腸道吸蟲、橫川吸蟲、血吸蟲（日本血吸蟲）、布氏薑片蟲（Fasciolopsis buski）等。

楯盤目只有一科四屬，直接發育，無需中間宿主。今提升至亞綱級，是為楯吸蟲亞綱或楯盤亞綱。

本綱包括以下目：

Aspidogastrida

- Aspidogasteridae
- Aspidogastridae
- Multicalycidae
- Rugogastridae

有壁目｜Diplostomida

斜睪目｜Plagiorchiida

Stichocotylida

- Stichocotylidae

目的地位未定的科：

Acanthostomatidae Albulatrematidae Areobiotrematidae Arnolidae Gekkonotrematidae Halipegidae Jubilariidae Lecithochiridae Lobatovitelliovariidae Oesophagicolidae Sclerodistomatidae Tetrasteridae

目、科的地位未定的屬：

Acanthocephala｜Diesing, 1858

Achillurbainia｜Dollfus, 1939

Adolescaria｜Sinitzin, 1911

Afrobilharzia｜Le Roux, 1958

Agamodistomum｜Stossich, 1892

Ahemiuris｜Chauhan, 1954

Allomicrophallus｜Yamaguti, 1971

Allopseudopiclidophora｜Yamaguti, 1965

Alloschistorchis｜Yamaguti, 1970

Allotelorchis｜Goodman, 1988

Amphibothrium｜Frey & Leuckart, 1847

Amphistomulum｜Brandes, 1892

Amphocleithrium｜Price & Romero, 1969

Anatirenicola｜Odening, 1962

Ankyrocotyle｜Vlassenko, 1928

Antepharyngeum｜Witenberg, 1925

Antodera｜Pigulevsky, 1952

Aototrema｜Bean-Knudsen, Uhazy & Wagner, 1987

Aspalacitrema｜Deblock & Rausch, 1965

Aspina｜Tripathi, 1956

Astomum｜Schlotthauber, 1860

Asymphylodoroides｜Yamaguti, 1971

Athesmioides｜Cribb & Spratt, 1992

Atrioglabrum｜Gracenea, Montoliu & Deblock, 1993

Atriospinosum｜Deblock, 1973

Australodiscus｜Sey, 1983

Axine｜Yamaguti, 1938

Baiohelmins｜Cribb & Pearson, 1988

Bashkinovitrema｜Skrjabin, 1944

Bathycola｜Fuhrmann, 1928

Baughbilharzia｜Chauhan, Srivastava & Chauhan, 1973

Beauchampia｜Yamaguti, 1963

Bengaliniella｜Deblock, Mukherjee & Ghosh, 1970

Bilateracotyloides｜Ramalingam, 1961

Bilorchis｜Mehra, 1937

Biplacunella｜Unnithan, 1971

Bispina｜Tripathi, 1956

Bistellavulva｜Unnithan, 1971

Bivulvostella｜Unnithan, 1971

Blairium｜Brooks & Holcman, 1993

Bothriophoron｜Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Brachionus｜Schrank, 1776

Brachylecithoides｜Yamaguti, 1971

Brachysaccus｜Johnston, 1912

Bravotrema｜Groschaft, 1970

Bullulina｜Hammerschmidt, 1838

Buxifrons｜Fukui, 1929

Buxifrons｜Näsmark, 1937

Bychowskicotyle｜Unnithan, 1971

Calicotyle｜Nybelin, 1941

Calicotylides｜Nybelin, 1941

Canaania｜Travassos, 1944

Capronia｜Richard, 1966

Carangixenus｜Unnithan, 1962

Catoptroides｜Looss, 1902

Caudorchis｜Talbot, 1933

Cauliorchis｜Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Cesartrema｜Travassos & Kohn, 1964

Ceylonotrema｜Gussev, 1963

Chamaeleophilus｜Yamaguti, 1971

Chaseostrigea｜Ukoli, 1967

Cheilostomum｜Diesing, 1850

Chelonella｜Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Chinhuta｜Lal, 1937

Chiropterotarbus｜Bay-Schmith, 1972

Chiropterotrema｜Velez & Thatcher, 1992

Chiroptodendrium｜Skarbilovitch, 1943

Choanocotyle｜Jue Sue & Platt, 1998

Choerocotyle｜Baer, 1959

Choerocotyloides｜Prudhoe, Yeh & Khalil, 1964

Choristogonoporus｜Stunkard, 1938

Cladorchis｜Wang & Zhou, 1989

Cochinocotyle｜Gupta & Gupta, 1971

Coelomotrema｜Angel, 1970

- Coelomotrema aegyptiaca

Coitocoecum｜Nicoll, 1915

Combesia｜Mas-Coma, Roset & Mantoliu, 1985

Conspicum｜Bhalerao, 1936

Coryphogonimus｜Cribb & Spratt, 1990

Cotylegaster｜Cobbold, 1877

Cryptocephalus｜Srivastava, 1944

Cryptostomum｜Nitzsch, 1832

Cychlorchis｜Lühe, 1908

Cyclostoma｜Otto, 1823

Cymbiforma｜Yamaguti, 1933

Dactylodiscus｜Kamegai, 1971

Dasyurotrema｜Cribb, 1992

Decacotylus｜Mayer, 1841

Dermophthiroides｜Cheung & Nigrelli, 1983

Diagenites｜Poinar & Boucot, 2006

Diastomum｜Packard, 1882

Dicotyle｜Sonsino, 1898

Dicranocercaria｜Lutz, 1919

Dicranocercaria｜Szidat, 1932

Digenites｜Poinar & Boucot, 2006

Dinotaster｜Unnithan, 1971

Diplobothrium｜Chandler, 1942

Diplostomum｜Brandes, 1888

Diplotrema｜Tripathi, 1959

Diporpa｜Dujardin, 1844

Distemum

Distoma｜Retzius, 1786

Distomulum｜Brandes, 1892

Distomum｜Diesing, 1850

Distomus｜Laennec, 1807

Divitelluses｜Cai & Li, 1993

Dolichodemas｜Looss, 1900

Dolichosomum｜Looss, 1899

Dozenkotrema｜Onkarnatha, 1964

Duttiella｜Srivastava, Prasad & Maurya, 1980

Echinella｜van Beneden & Hesse, 1864

Edcaballerotrema｜Teixeira de Freitas, 1960

Eroliostrigea｜Yamaguti, 1971

Eucercaria｜Diesing, 1855

Eucercarioides｜Tang & Tang, 1992

Eucradium｜Szidat, 1954

Eurobilharzia｜Le Roux, 1958

Eurymetra｜Odhner, 1910

Eustemma｜Diesing, 1850

Eustomos｜MacCallum, 1921

Evandrocotyle｜Jansen, 1941

Evanorchis｜Skrjabin, 1944

Exorchocoelium｜Thapar, 1958

Falciungus｜Akmerov, 1952

Festucaria｜Schrank, 1788

Flabellodiscus｜Johnston & Tiegs, 1922

Fontius｜Lotz & Palmieri, 1985

Gastrothylacias｜Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Gastrothylacides｜Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Geaterinia｜Lebedev, 1969

Gemellicotyle｜Prudhoe, 1975

Gibsonium｜Brooks & Holcman, 1993

Gigantatrium｜Yamaguti, 1958

Gigantobilharziella｜Khalifa, 1974

Gigantopora｜Looss, 1907

Glenocercaria｜Diesing, 1858

Globostomum｜Oshmarin, 1970

Globularia｜Rolando, 1841

Glossidioides｜Yamaguti, 1958

Glossocotyle｜Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Glyptamphistoma｜Yamaguti, 1958

Gotocotyla｜Meserve, 1938

Gymnocephala｜Diesing, 1858

Gymnocephala｜Leidy, 1877

Haematobium｜Dunglison, 1893

Haplostomum｜Burmeister, 1856

Harmostomum｜Witenberg, 1925

Hawkesius｜Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Hemistephanus｜Looss, 1901

Hemixenotrema｜Baer, 1971

Hepatotrema｜Stunkard, 1923

Hephostomum｜Burmeister, 1856

Heptostomum｜Schomburgk, 1844

Heteracanthus｜Diesing, 1836

Heteraxine｜Linton, 1940

Heterobdella｜Beneden & Hesse, 1864

Heterocoelium｜Travassos, 1921

Heterocotyloides｜Yamaguti, 1963

Heterolope｜Looss, 1899

Heterostoma｜De Filippi, 1837

Hexastoma｜Kuhn, 1829

Hexastoma｜Rudolphi, 1809

Hexathyridium｜Treutler, 1793

Histerolecitha｜Linton, 1910

Histrionella｜Bory de St.Vincent, 1823

Histrionella｜Ehrenberg, 1828

Histrionellina｜Diesing, 1858

Holostoma｜Nitzsch, 1816

Hormocercaria｜Diesing, 1855

Hydricuculus｜McCrady, 1873

Hydrochoeristrema｜Sinkoc, Muller & Brum, 1998

Hypostoma｜Rudolphi, 1809

Indopleurogenes｜Yamaguti, 1971

Indopodocotyle｜Gupta & Puri, 1981

Indopodocotyloides｜Gupta & Sayal, 1979

Ishiella｜Unnithan, 1971

Ityogonismus

Jamuartrema｜Kumar Lal, 1976

Kaurma｜Chatterji, 1936

Khalilloossia｜Hilmy, 1949

Klepsitromis｜Hammerschmidt, 1835

Kunckelia｜Künstler, 1881

Labontes｜MacCallum, 1927

Labriferoides｜Ganapati, Hanumantha & Lakshmana Rao, 1962

Laterostrigea｜Yang, 1962

Leiperocotyle｜Eduardo, 1980

Leipertrema｜Sandosham, 1951

Lepidotes｜Johnston & Tiegs, 1922

Lepustomum｜Jain, 1953

Levinseniella｜Deblock & Pearson, 1971

Levinsensia｜Looss, 1928

Limatuloides｜Dubois, 1964

Limosina｜Manter, 1944

Lintonia｜Monticelli, 1904

Lobostoma｜Berthold, 1827

Longitrema｜Chen, 1954

Lophocercaria｜Diesing, 1858

Loriformis｜Goeze, 1782

Lutianicotyle｜Mamaev, 1990

Lutziella｜Rohde, 1966

Luxitrema｜Bray, 1987

Lyperosomoides｜Yamaguti, 1971

Macallumia｜Chatterji, 1938

Macrechinostomum｜Odhner, 1911

Macrocercus｜Müller, 1773

Macrocraeoides

Macrogenotrema｜Skrjabin & Baskakov, 1925

Macrurochaeta｜Costa, 1864

Maillardiella｜Brooks & Holcman, 1993

Malleolus｜Ehrenberg, 1838

Manidicola｜Graber & Gevrey, 1981

Maritremopsis｜Deblock, 1973

Maxtrema｜Travassos, Teixeira de Freitas & Kohn, 1969

Mazzantia｜Travassos & Kohn, 1964

Mediantestis｜Issaitschikow, 1928

Mediodera｜Pigulevsky, 1952

Mediopharyngeum｜Witenberg, 1925

Mediorchis｜Panin, 1984

Mediorima｜Nicoll, 1914

Meditypus｜Barton, 1994

Megacetabulum｜Oshmarin, 1964

Megacustis｜Bennett, 1935

Megalatriotrema｜Rao, 1969

Megalophalloides｜Ching & Ibanez Herrera, 1976

Mehraformis｜Bhardwaj, 1963

Melanoglena｜Eichwald, 1850

Mesodendrium｜Faust, 1919

Mesogonimus｜Monticelli, 1885

Metacercaria

Metadelphis｜Travassos, 1944

Metagorgoderina｜Fernandes, 1958

Metagyrodactylus｜Yamaguti, 1963

Metahelicometra｜Yamaguti, 1971

Microcotyle｜Tripathi, 1956

Microderma｜Mehra, 1931

Microphallus｜Deblock & Pearson, 1969

Mixophthalmus｜Karyakarte, 1967

Monarrhenos｜Deblock & Pearson, 1971

Monocaecum｜Deblock & Pearson, 1970

Monostoma｜Rudolphi, 1809

Monostoma｜Zeder, 1800

Monostomeus｜Rafinesque, 1815

Monostomulum｜Brandes, 1892

Morenodendrium｜Odening, 1969

Muhlingina｜Mehra, 1950

Multiglandularis｜Schulz & Skworzow, 1931

Multigonadus｜Bilqees, 1970

Multilecithum｜Oshmarin & Demshin, 1972

Musalia｜Shipley & Hornell, 1904

Muttua｜Shipley & Hornell, 1904

Nannoenteron｜Ozaki, 1924

Navigiolum｜Onji & Nishio, 1924

Neodactylodiscus｜Kamegai, 1972

Neodermophtherius｜Price, 1963

Neodicrocoelium｜Agrawal & Sharma, 1990

Neodiplostomum｜Dubois, 1937

Neoeuparadistomum｜Farooq & Azra Qamar, 1996

Neogorgoderina｜Pereira & Cuocolo, 1940

Neogyrodactylus｜Baugh, 1957

Neohamatopeduncularia｜Gupta & Varsha Sachdeva, 1987

Neolepoderma｜Mehra, 1937

Neomicrophallus｜Farooq & Yousuf, 1986

Neophroechinostoma｜Oshmarin & Belous, 1951

Neopisthorchis｜Chatterji & Kruidenier, 1961

Neoprosotocus｜Bourgat & Combes, 1977

Neorenifer｜Byrd & Denton, 1938

Nephrocephala｜Diesing, 1858

Neuronaia｜Goodsir, 1845

Nicollina｜Deshmukh, 1988

Nidarosia

Nidrosia｜Mortensen, 1933

Niviventertrema｜Dronen, Homesley & Cleveland, 1995

Notaster｜Unnithan, 1971

Octostoma｜Otto, 1823

Octothilus｜Hermann, 1782

Oligolecithus｜Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960

Olssoniella｜Travassos, 1944

Olveria｜Sinha, 1941

Olveria｜Thapar & Singha

Omnipharynx｜Nicholls & Brooks, 1969

Ompoktrema｜Varma & Singh, 1986

Onchiodiscus｜Kulkarni, 1969

Onchogaster｜Claparède, 1863

Ophiorchis｜Mehra, 1937

Opisthoarchiotrema｜Gupta & Sharma, 1974

Opisthobrachylecithum｜Yamaguti, 1971

Opisthogenes｜Nicoll, 1914

Opistholecithum｜Baer, 1970

Opistocotyle｜LeBlond, 1836

Oreochromogyrus｜Ferdousi & Chandra, 2002

Orientoacanthostomum｜Zaidi & Khan, 1977

Orthorchis｜Mödlinger, 1925

Orthorchis｜Travassos, 1944

Oryzomytrema｜Thatcher, 1982

Oswaldoia｜Travassos, 1919

Overstreetium｜Brooks & Holcman, 1993

Palamphistomum｜Srivastava & Tripathi, 1987

Palitrema｜Cogate, 1939

Pancreaticum｜Bhalerao, 1936

Pancreatrema｜Oshmarin, 1952

Papillatrium｜Richard, 1966

Papilloleucochloridium｜Bakke, 1980

Parabascoides｜Stunkard, 1938

Parabenedenia｜Johnston, 1929

Paracanthatrium｜Dubois, 1961

Paracephalogoniomus｜Skrjabin, 1949

Paraconcinnum｜Vassiliades & Richard, 1970

Paradistomoidella｜Brooks & Palmieri, 1981

Paradistomoides｜Travassos, 1944

Paraibatrema｜Ueta, Deberaldini, da Silva Cordeiro & de Toledo Artigas, 1981

Paraindopleurogenes｜Kalyankar & Palladwar, 1977

Paraleyogonimus｜Vaucher, 1968

Paralutztrema｜Faust, 1967

Parametadelphis｜Travassos, 1955

Paramonostomoides｜Yamaguti, 1971

Paramphistomacotyle｜Mehra, 1980

Paramphistomoides｜Yamaguti, 1958

Paraoistosomum｜Tkach, 2011

Paraplagiorchis｜Dollfus, 1924

Paraschistosomatium｜Price, 1929

Parepibdella｜Johnston, 1929

Paryphostomum｜Jain, 1952

Pentadion｜Saint-Rémy, 1891

Petalodistomum｜Pigulevsky, 1952

Philline｜Parona & Perugia, 1890

Phillines｜Westwood, 1840

Phrynobatrachotrema｜Goodman, 1986

Placotrema｜Looss, 1907

Plagiorchoides｜Olsen, 1937

Platyamphistoma｜Yamaguti, 1958

Platycotyle｜Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Platymetra｜Mehra, 1931

Platynosomoides｜Yamaguti, 1971

Plenosominoides｜Ke & Liang, 1984

Pleurolobatus｜Kaw, 1944

Pleuropsoloides｜Goodman, 1990

Polyporus｜Grube, 1840

Postodera｜Pigulevsky, 1952

Postpharyngeum｜Witenberg, 1925

Praeorchitrema｜Oshmarin, 1952

Primatotrema｜Premvati, 1958

Proacetabulorchoides｜Oshmarin, 1970

Probolitrema｜Pigulevsky, 1952

Prochiorchis｜Dollfus, 1963

Procyonophilus｜Thatcher, 1982

Proechimytrema｜Thatcher, 1982

Proeputiodiplostomum｜Gupta, 1962

Progonimodiscus｜Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960

Promicrophallus｜Fischthal & Kuntz, 1981

Pronopharynx｜Cohn, 1904

Proschistosoma｜Grétillat, 1962

Proshystera｜Korkhaus, 1930

Prosostephanus｜Lutz, 1935

Prosthometra｜Looss, 1896

Prostorchigenes｜Tubangui, 1928

Protofasciola｜Odhner, 1926

Protofasciolopsis｜Odhner

Prouterina｜Foreyt, Schell & Beyer, 1996

Prudhoella｜Beverley-Burton, 1960

Prymnoprion｜Looss, 1899

Pseudalassostoma｜Yamaguti, 1958

Pseudallassostomoides｜Yamaguti, 1971

Pseudallobenedenia｜Yamaguti, 1966

Pseudathesmia｜Travassos, 1942

Pseudoallocreadium｜Yamaguti, 1971

Pseudobianium｜Sey, 1996

Pseudocalceostoma｜Yamaguti, 1963

Pseudodiplodiscoides｜Murty, 1970

Pseudodiscus｜Sonsino, 1895

Pseudoechinostomum

Pseudoganeo｜Khomenovskij, 1971

Pseudomagnivitellinum｜Dronen & Underwood, 1980

Pseudomerizocotyle｜Kay, 1942

Pseudomorcheides｜Wang, 1982

Pseudoorientocreadium｜Agrawal & Sharma, 1990

Pseudoparamphistoma｜Yamaguti, 1958

Pseudoplagiorchis｜Yamaguti, 1971

Pseudoquinqueserialis｜Sutton, 1981

Pseudorchis｜Yamaguti, 1971

Pseudorenifer｜Price, 1935

Pseudospelotrematoides｜Yamaguti, 1939

Pterocotyle｜Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Pteronella｜Beneden & Hesse, 1863

Pterygotomaschalos｜Stunkard, 1924

Ptyasiorchis｜Mehra, 1937

Quasimaritrema｜Deblock, 1973

Rallitrema｜Travassos & Kohn, 1964

Redia｜Filippi, 1837

Reduxotrema｜Pigulevsky, 1952

Renicola｜Sudarikov, 1951

Rhacophotrema｜Uchida, Itagaki & Inoue, 1980

Rhodobilharzia｜Le Roux, 1958

Rhopalocerca｜Diesing, 1850

Rudolphiella｜Travassos, 1924

Rutschurutrema｜Baer, 1959

Sarumitrema｜Beverley-Burton, 1963

Sawqirahcotyle｜Lebedev, 1976

Schisturus｜Rudolphi, 1809

Schizocerca｜Diesing, 1858

Scintillovulva｜Unnithan, 1971

Serpentinotrema｜Travassos & Kohn, 1964

Sigmapera｜Nicoll, 1918

華畢屬｜Sinobilharzia｜Dutt & Srivastava, 1955

Sinobilharzia｜Le Roux, 1958

Sinuosoides｜Denton & Krissinger, 1975

Skrjabinodendrium｜Skarbilovitch, 1943

Skrjabinosomum｜Skrjabin, 1944

Solenocerca｜Diesing, 1855

Solenocotyle｜Diesing, 1850

Sorexegliphe｜Sadovskaya, 1954

Spinoderetrema｜Bray, 1987

Spinometra｜Mehra, 1931

Sporocerca｜Diesing, 1855

Sporocystis｜Filippi, 1854

Sporocystophora｜Diesing, 1858

Sporonema｜Diesing, 1855

Sporotherium｜Diesing, 1858

Srivastavaia｜Singh, 1970

Staffordiella｜Mehra, 1966

Stephanolecithus｜Nakagawa, 1919

Stephanopharynx｜Fischoeder, 1901

Stichocotyle｜Faust & Tang, 1936

Strzeleckia｜Cribb & Spratt, 1991

Sturniratrema｜Velez & Thatcher, 1992

Suchocyathocotyle｜Dubois, 1984

Sureshiella｜Srivastava, Maurya & Prasad, 1980

Symmetricatesticula｜Krasnolobova, 1976

Synethes｜Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Tagumaea｜Fukui, 1930

Taiwantrema｜Fischthal & Kuntz, 1981

Telogonella｜Mehra & Negi, 1928

Tenuifasciola｜Yamaguti, 1971

Testisaculus｜Bhalerao, 1927

Tetrapapillatrema｜Ralph, 1938

Tetrastoma｜Chiaje, 1833

Thailandobilharzia｜Baugh, 1977

Thylogaster｜Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Topsiturvitrema｜Velez & Thatcher, 1992

Travassasella｜Faust & Tang, 1938

Travassodendrium｜Skarbilovitch, 1943

Travassosina｜Vaz, 1932

Travassostrema｜Rebecq, 1962

Triloborchidiplostomum｜Dubois & Angel, 1972

Trionchus｜MacCallum, 1916

Tumaclinostomum｜Van der Kuyp, 1953

Turbinilla｜Bory de St.Vincent, 1823

Turquinia｜Coy Otero, 1989

Ugandalubens｜Goodman, 1988

Ultragenotrema｜Skrjabin & Baskakow, 1925

Unistriata｜Filimonova, 1985

Vaginaespina｜Tripathi, 1956

Velasquezotrema｜Eduardo & Javellana, 1987

Verodunia｜Lahille & Joan, 1918

Vesperugidendrium｜Pande, 1937

Virgulina｜Bory de St.-Vincent, 1823

Vitellariotrema｜Gupta & Krishna, 1977

Voelkeria｜Travassos & Kohn, 1966

Watsonius｜Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Wellmanius｜Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Wrightrenicola｜Odening, 1962

Xenopharynx｜Nicoll, 1912

Xenopodistomum｜Macnae, Rock & Makowski, 1973

Xiphidiocercaria｜Diesing, 1855

Zeferinella｜Artigas & Paulino, 1988

Zeylanurotrema｜Crusz & Sanmugasunderam, 1974

Zoosperma｜Bory de St Vincent, 1823

Zygodendrium｜Salem, 1976

## 構造

體壁組織可分為體被與肌肉；可自我更新；具有吸收營養、感覺等功能。

## 基本資料

- 說明：Botulus microporus，一種生活在帆蜥魚腸子內的大型吸蟲
- 學名：Trematoda
- 命名者：Karl Rudolphi, 1808
- subdivision_ranks：亞綱與目
- 栽培群成員：見內文