發光桿菌屬

發光桿菌屬（學名：Photobacterium）又叫光合細菌，是弧菌目弧菌科的一個屬。染色性質上屬於革蘭氏陰性菌。普遍的存在於海洋環境中和海洋生物體的體表和少許海洋生物的腸道中。

## 發光桿菌症

光桿菌症（photobacteriosis）是養殖海鱺最常見的細菌性疾病，尤其是好發於海上箱網。本病病原為發光桿菌，病魚發病時體色變黑，消瘦，肝、腎、脾等臟器會出現白色結節，又稱為類結節症、假性結核病或巴斯德桿菌症，發病率逾六成，致死率達五成以上。世界各地也相繼報導此病嚴重危害養殖魚類，如日本的青甘鰺、黑鯛、赤點石斑魚、條紋梭魚、比目魚及瓜子鱲；以色列、歐洲及地中海的金頭鯛及歐洲海鱸；美國的條紋鱸及美洲狼鱸；台灣、美國及地中海的雜交條紋鱸等。發光桿菌症致死率高、宿主範圍廣泛及疫情見於世界各地，對養殖魚類而言，是一種危害性極高的細菌性疾病之一。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

Photobacterium aestuarii｜Lo et al. 2014

Photobacterium alginatilyticum｜Wang et al. 2017

Photobacterium andalusiense｜Labella et al. 2019

狹小發光桿菌｜Photobacterium angustum｜Reichelt et al. 1979

Photobacterium aphoticum｜Lucena et al. 2011

Photobacterium aplysiae｜Seo et al. 2005

Photobacterium aquae｜Liu et al. 2014

Photobacterium aquimaris｜Yoshizawa et al. 2009

銀色發光桿菌｜Photobacterium argenteus

波羅的海發光桿菌｜Photobacterium balticum

貝氏發光桿菌｜Photobacterium belozerskii

喀拉伯發光桿菌｜Photobacterium caraibicum

Photobacterium carnosum｜Hilgarth et al. 2018

搖蚊發光桿菌｜Photobacterium chironomi

Photobacterium chitinilyticum｜Wang et al. 2019

冠狀發光桿菌｜Photobacterium coronata

藍磷光發光桿菌｜Photobacterium cyanophosphorescens

美人魚發光桿菌｜Photobacterium damsela｜(Love et al. 1982) Smith et al. 1991，美人魚李斯道氏菌，美人魚利斯頓氏菌

- 美人魚發光桿菌殺魚亞種 Photobacterium damsela piscicida

Photobacterium damselae｜(Love et al. 1982) Smith et al. 1991

退化發光桿菌｜Photobacterium degenerans

台兒加底發光桿菌｜Photobacterium delgadensis

費氏發光桿菌｜Photobacterium fischeri｜(Beijerinck 1889) Reichelt and Baumann 1973，本種以最早研究發光細菌的學生之一B．Fischer的名字命名。

Photobacterium frigidiphilum｜Seo et al. 2005

Photobacterium gaetbulicola｜Kim et al. 2010

Photobacterium galatheae｜Machado et al. 2015

Photobacterium ganghwense｜Park et al. 2006

膠黏發光桿菌｜Photobacterium glutinosa

Photobacterium halotolerans｜Rivas et al. 2006

哈氏發光桿菌｜Photobacterium harveri

組胺發光桿菌｜Photobacterium histaminum｜Okuzumi et al. 1994

Photobacterium iliopiscarium｜(Onarheim et al. 1995) Urakawa et al. 1999

Photobacterium indicum｜(Johnson and Weisrock 1969) Ivanova et al. 2004

印度發光桿菌｜Photobacterium indicum｜(Johnson and Weisrock 1969) Xie and Yokota 2004

Photobacterium jeanii｜Chimetto et al. 2010

Photobacterium kishitanii｜Ast et al. 2007

鰒發光桿菌｜Photobacterium leiognathi｜Boisvert et al. 1967

Photobacterium lipolyticum｜Yoon et al. 2005

Photobacterium logei｜(ex Bang et al. 1978) Harwood et al. 1980

Photobacterium lucens｜Enciso-Ibarra et al. 2020

Photobacterium lutimaris｜Jung et al. 2007

Photobacterium malacitanum｜Labella et al. 2019

Photobacterium obscurum｜Hong et al. 2023

Photobacterium panuliri｜Deep et al. 2015

明亮發光桿菌｜Photobacterium phosphoreum｜(Cohn 1878) Beijerinck 1889

Photobacterium piscicola｜Figge et al. 2015

深海發光細菌｜Photobacterium profundum｜Nogi et al. 1998

Photobacterium proteolyticum｜Li et al. 2017

Photobacterium rosenbergii｜Thompson et al. 2005

Photobacterium salinisoli｜Li et al. 2019

Photobacterium sanctipauli｜Moreira et al. 2015

Photobacterium sanguinicancri｜Gomez-Gil et al. 2016

Photobacterium swingsii｜Gomez-Gil et al. 2011

Photobacterium toruni｜Labella et al. 2017

## 文獻參考

- Watson, 1984. Bergey,s manual of systematic bacteriology.Volumel p539-545.
- LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature

## 基本資料

- 學名：Photobacterium
- 命名者：Beijerinck, 1889
- 模式種：明亮發光桿菌、Photobacterium phosphoreum
- type species authority：(Cohn, 1878) Beijerinck, 1889
- subdivision_ranks：種
- 栽培群成員：P. leiognathi、P. phosphoreum、P. profundum