乳桿菌屬

乳桿菌屬（Lactobacillus）或乳酸桿菌屬、乳酸菌屬，簡稱乳桿菌、乳酸桿菌、乳酸菌，是乳桿菌目乳桿菌科的一屬，為不形成芽孢、兼性厭氧的革蘭氏陽性桿菌。因在酸奶形成的發酵過程中發現而得名。

乳桿菌可發酵碳水化合物，如分解乳糖，並產生大量乳酸與能量。由於乳桿菌在代謝過程中可以產生有機酸、細菌素、過氧化氫、雙乙酞等多種天然抑菌物質，因此是人類口腔、腸道和陰道的益生菌。乳桿菌具有維持體內菌群平衡，降低膽固醇水平，提高機體免疫力，促進營養物質吸收等多種功能。

在人體腸道微生物群中，乳桿菌是重要菌群之一，它與腸道微生態系統的調節和代謝、免疫的調控密切相關。在人體陰道微生物群中，以產過氧化氫的乳桿菌為優勢菌，在維持陰道微生態平衡方面發揮重要作用。

乳桿菌可用於製造液態酸奶、固態奶酪、德國酸菜、啤酒、葡萄酒、泡菜、醃漬食品和其他發酵食品。益生菌能夠幫助消化，有助人體腸臟的健康，因此酸奶被視為健康食品。

## 物種

本屬包括以下物種：

耐酸乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus acetotolerans｜Entani et al., 1986

Lactobacillus acidifarinae｜Vancanneyt et al., 2005

Lactobacillus acidipiscis｜Tanasupawat et al., 2000

嗜酸乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus acidophilus｜(Moro, 1900) Hansen & Mocquot, 1970，嗜酸桿菌

嗜酸產氣乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus acidophil-aerogenes｜，嗜酸產氣桿菌，嗜酸產氣乳桿菌

嗜酸病原乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus acidophilus-pathogenes

敏捷乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus agilis｜Weiss et al., 1982

嗜醇乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus alcoholphilus

Lactobacillus algidus｜Kato et al., 2000

Lactobacillus alimentarius

Lactobacillus amylolyticus｜Bohak et al., 1999

Lactobacillus amylophilus｜Nakamura & Crowell, 1981

Lactobacillus amylovorus｜Nakamura, 1981

Lactobacillus animalis｜Dent & Williams, 1983

Lactobacillus antri｜Roos et al., 2005

Lactobacillus apinorum｜Olofsson et al., 2014

Lactobacillus apis｜Killer et al., 2014

Lactobacillus apodemi｜Osawa et al., 2006

Lactobacillus aquaticus｜Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009

Lactobacillus agrestimuris｜Afrizal et al. 2023

禽乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus aviarius｜Fujisawa et al., 1985，鳥乳桿菌

Lactobacillus backii｜Tohno et al., 2013

Lactobacillus bifermentans｜(ex Pette and van Beynum 1943) Kandler et al. 1983

Lactobacillus bombi｜Killer et al., 2014

Lactobacillus bombicola｜Praet et al., 2015

Lactobacillus brantae｜Volokhov et al., 2012

短乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus brevis｜(Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1934

Lactobacillus buchneri｜(Henneberg, 1903) Bergey et al., 1923

Lactobacillus cacaonum｜De Bruyne et al., 2009

Lactobacillus camelliae｜Tanasupawat et al., 2007

Lactobacillus capillatus｜Chao et al., 2008

乾酪乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus casei｜(Orla-Jensen, 1916) Hansen & Lessel, 1971

Lactobacillus caviae｜Killer et al., 2017

Lactobacillus cerevisiae｜Koob et al., 2017

Lactobacillus ceti｜Monteros, Goyache, Herraez, Tames, Cruz, Dominguez & Fernandez-Garayzabal, 2008

Lactobacillus ceti｜Vela et al., 2008

Lactobacillus coleohominis｜Nikolaitchouk et al., 2001

Lactobacillus colini｜Zhang et al., 2017

Lactobacillus collinoides｜Carr & Davies, 1972

Lactobacillus composti｜Endo & Okada, 2007

Lactobacillus concavus｜Tong & Dong, 2005

Lactobacillus corticis｜Tohno et al. 2021

Lactobacillus coryniformis｜Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965

Lactobacillus crispatus｜(Brygoo & Aladame, 1953) Moore & Holdeman, 1970

Lactobacillus crustorum｜Scheirlinck et al., 2007

Lactobacillus curieae｜Lei et al., 2013

Lactobacillus curvatus｜(Troili-Petersson, 1903) Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965

德氏乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus delbrueckii｜(Leichmann 1896) Beijerinck 1901

- 德氏乳桿菌保加利亞亞種 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus，保加利亞乳桿菌
- 德氏乳桿菌指名亞種 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii
- Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis

糊精乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus dextrinicus｜(Coster & White, 1964) Haakensen et al., 2009

Lactobacillus diolivorans｜Krooneman et al., 2002

Lactobacillus equi｜Morotomi et al., 2002

Lactobacillus equicursoris｜Morita et al., 2010

Lactobacillus equigenerosi｜Endo et al., 2008

Lactobacillus fabifermentans｜De Bruyne et al., 2009

Lactobacillus faecis｜Endo et al., 2013

Lactobacillus farciminis｜(ex Reuter 1970) Reuter 1983，為Companilactobacillus farciminis (Reuter 1983 ex Reuter 1970) Zheng et al. 2020的異名

Lactobacillus farraginis｜Endo & Okada, 2007

發酵乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus fermentum｜Beijerinck, 1901

Lactobacillus floricola｜Kawasaki et al., 2011

Lactobacillus florum｜Endo et al., 2010

Lactobacillus formosensis｜Chang et al., 2015

Lactobacillus fornicalis｜Dicks et al., 2000

Lactobacillus fructivorans｜Charlton et al., 1934

Lactobacillus frumenti｜Müller et al., 2000

Lactobacillus fuchuensis｜Sakala et al., 2002

Lactobacillus furfuricola｜Irisawa et al., 2014

Lactobacillus futsaii｜Chao et al., 2012

Lactobacillus gallinarum｜Fujisawa et al., 1992

加氏乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus gasseri｜Lauer & Kandler, 1980

Lactobacillus gastricus｜Roos et al., 2005

加納乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus ghanensis｜Nielsen et al., 2007

Lactobacillus gigeriorum｜Cousin et al., 2012

Lactobacillus gorillae｜Tsuchida et al., 2014

Lactobacillus graminis｜Beck et al., 1989

Lactobacillus hammesii｜Valcheva et al., 2005

Lactobacillus hamsteri｜Mitsuoka & Fujisawa, 1988

哈爾濱乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus harbinensis｜Miyamoto et al., 2006

Lactobacillus hayakitensis｜Morita et al., 2007

黑龍江乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus heilongjiangensis｜Gu et al., 2013

Lactobacillus helsingborgensis｜Olofsson et al., 2014

Lactobacillus helveticus｜(Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1925

Lactobacillus herbarum｜Mao et al., 2015

Lactobacillus hilgardii｜Douglas & Cruess, 1936

Lactobacillus hokkaidonensis｜Tohno et al., 2013

Lactobacillus hominis｜Cousin et al., 2013

Lactobacillus hordei｜Rouse et al., 2008

惰性乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus iners｜Falsen et al., 1999

Lactobacillus ingluviei｜Baele et al., 2003

Lactobacillus insicii｜Ehrmann et al., 2016

Lactobacillus intestinalis｜(ex Hemme 1974) Fujisawa et al. 1990

Lactobacillus isalae｜Eilers et al. 2023

Lactobacillus iwatensis｜Tohno et al., 2013

Lactobacillus ixorae｜Techo et al., 2016

Lactobacillus jensenii｜Gasser et al., 1970

詹森乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus johnsonii｜Fujisawa et al., 1992

Lactobacillus kalixensis｜Roos et al., 2005

Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens｜Fujisawa et al., 1988

Lactobacillus kefiri｜Kandler & Kunath, 1983

Lactobacillus kimbladii

Lactobacillus kimchicus｜Liang et al., 2011

Lactobacillus kimchiensis｜Kim et al., 2013

Lactobacillus kisonensis｜Watanabe et al., 2009

Lactobacillus kitasatonis｜Mukai et al., 2003

朝鮮乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus koreensis｜Bui et al., 2011

Lactobacillus kullabergensis｜Olofsson et al., 2014

Lactobacillus kunkeei｜Edwards et al., 1998

Lactobacillus lindneri Lactobacillus malefermentans

Lactobacillus mali｜Carr & Davies, 1970

Lactobacillus manihotivorans｜Morlon-Guyot et al., 1998

Lactobacillus mellifer｜Olofsson et al., 2014

Lactobacillus mellis｜Olofsson et al., 2014

Lactobacillus melliventris｜Olofsson et al., 2014

Lactobacillus mindensis｜Ehrmann et al., 2003

Lactobacillus mixtipabuli｜Tohno et al., 2015

Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans｜Miyashita et al., 2015

Lactobacillus mucosae｜Roos et al., 2000

牡丹江乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus mudanjiangensis｜Gu et al., 2013

Lactobacillus mulieris｜Rocha et al. 2020

Lactobacillus murinus｜Hemme et al., 1982

Lactobacillus nagelii｜Edwards et al., 2000

Lactobacillus namurensis｜Scheirlinck et al., 2007

Lactobacillus nantensis｜Valcheva et al., 2006

Lactobacillus nasalidis｜Suzuki-Hashido et al. 2021

Lactobacillus nasuensis｜Cai et al., 2012

嫩江乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus nenjiangensis｜Gu et al., 2013

Lactobacillus nodensis｜Kashiwagi et al., 2009

Lactobacillus odoratitofui｜Chao et al., 2010

Lactobacillus oeni｜Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009

Lactobacillus oligofermentans｜Koort et al., 2005

Lactobacillus oris｜Farrow & Collins, 1988

Lactobacillus oryzae｜Tohno et al., 2013

Lactobacillus otakiensis｜Watanabe et al., 2009

Lactobacillus ozensis｜Kawasaki et al., 2011

Lactobacillus panis｜Wiese et al., 1996

Lactobacillus panisapium｜Wang et al. 2018

Lactobacillus pantheris｜Liu & Dong, 2002

Lactobacillus parabrevis｜Vancanneyt et al., 2006

Lactobacillus parabuchneri｜Farrow et al., 1989

副乾酪乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus paracasei｜Collins et al., 1989

Lactobacillus paracollinoides｜Suzuki et al., 2004

Lactobacillus parafarraginis｜Endo & Okada, 2007

Lactobacillus paragasseri｜Tanizawa et al. 2018

Lactobacillus parakefiri｜Takizawa et al., 1994

Lactobacillus paralimentarius｜Cai et al., 1999

Lactobacillus paraplantarum｜Curk et al., 1996

Lactobacillus pasteurii｜Cousin et al., 2013

Lactobacillus paucivorans｜Ehrmann et al., 2010

Lactobacillus pentosiphilus｜Tohno et al., 2017

Lactobacillus pentosus

Lactobacillus perolens｜Back et al., 2000

Lactobacillus plajomi｜Miyashita et al., 2015

植物乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus plantarum｜(Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1923

Lactobacillus pobuzihii｜Chen et al., 2010

Lactobacillus pontis｜Vogel et al., 1994

Lactobacillus porci

Lactobacillus porcinae｜Nguyen et al., 2013

Lactobacillus psittaci｜Lawson et al., 2001

Lactobacillus rapi｜Watanabe et al., 2009

Lactobacillus rennini｜Chenoll et al., 2006

Lactobacillus reuteri｜Kandler et al., 1982

鼠李糖乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus rhamnosus｜(Hansen, 1968) Collins et al., 1989

Lactobacillus rodentium｜Killer et al., 2014

Lactobacillus rogosae｜Holdeman & Moore, 1974

Lactobacillus rossiae｜Corsetti et al., 2005

Lactobacillus ruminis｜Sharpe et al., 1973

Lactobacillus saerimneri｜Pedersen & Roos, 2004

Lactobacillus sakei｜Katagiri et al., 1934

唾液乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus salivarius｜Rogosa et al., 1953

舊金山乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis｜(ex Kline and Sugihara 1971) Weiss and Schillinger 1984

Lactobacillus saniviri｜Oki et al., 2012

Lactobacillus satsumensis｜Endo & Okada, 2005

Lactobacillus secaliphilus｜Ehrmann et al., 2007

Lactobacillus selangorensis｜(Leisner et al., 2000) Haakensen et al., 2011

Lactobacillus senioris｜Oki et al., 2012

Lactobacillus senmaizukei｜Hiraga et al., 2008

Lactobacillus sharpeae｜Weiss et al., 1982

深圳乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus shenzhenensis｜Zou et al., 2013

Lactobacillus sicerae｜Puertas et al., 2014

Lactobacillus silagei｜Tohno et al., 2013

Lactobacillus silagincola｜Tohno et al., 2017

Lactobacillus siliginis｜Aslam et al., 2006

相似乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus similis｜Kitahara et al., 2010

松花江乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus songhuajiangensis｜Gu et al., 2013

Lactobacillus spicheri｜Meroth et al., 2004

Lactobacillus suantsaicola｜Lin et al., 2020

Lactobacillus sucicola｜Irisawa & Okada, 2009

Lactobacillus suebicus｜Kleynmans et al., 1989

Lactobacillus sunkii｜Watanabe et al., 2009

台灣乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus taiwanensis｜Wang et al., 2009

泰國乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus thailandensis｜Tanasupawat et al., 2007

Lactobacillus tucceti｜Chenoll et al., 2009

Lactobacillus ultunensis｜Roos et al., 2005

Lactobacillus uvarum｜Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009

Lactobacillus vaccinostercus｜Kozaki & Okada, 1983

Lactobacillus vaginalis｜Embley et al., 1989

Lactobacillus versmoldensis｜Kröckel et al., 2003

Lactobacillus vespulae｜Hoang et al., 2015

Lactobacillus vini｜Rodas et al., 2006

Lactobacillus wasatchensis｜Oberg et al., 2016

襄樊乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus xiangfangensis｜Gu et al., 2012

徐建國氏乳桿菌｜Lactobacillus xujianguonis

Lactobacillus yonginensis｜Yi et al., 2013

Lactobacillus zeae

Lactobacillus zymae｜Vancanneyt et al., 2005

## 外部連結

- Prakash, S. et al. 「The Gut Microbiota and Human Health with an Emphasis on the Use of Microencapsulated Bacterial Cells」, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (2011),
- Lactobacillus
- List of species of the genus Lactobacillus
- Interna
- tionally certified patented strains

## 基本資料

- 說明："Lactobacillus" sp. near a squamous epithelial cell
- 說明：圍繞在陰道單層扁平上皮細胞周圍的乳桿菌
- 學名：Lactobacillus
- 命名者：Beijerinck 1901 (1980年批准名單)
- 模式種：德氏乳桿菌、Lactobacillus delbrueckii
- type_species_authority：(Leichmann 1896) Beijerinck 1927 (1980年批准名單)
- subdivision_ranks：種
- 栽培群成員：見下文