三角函數積分表

以下是部份三角函數的積分表（省略積分常數）：

## 積分只有sin的函數

$$\int\sin cx\;dx = -\frac{1}{c}\cos cx\,\!$$

$\int\sin^n cx\;dx = -\frac{1}{nc} \sin^{n-1} cx\cos cx + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\sin^{n-2} cx\;dx \qquad($其中$n>0\,\!)$

$\int\sqrt{1 - \sin{x}}\,dx = \int\sqrt{\operatorname{cvs}{x}}\,dx = 2 \frac{\cos{\frac{x}{2}} + \sin{\frac{x}{2}}}{\cos{\frac{x}{2}} - \sin{\frac{x}{2}}} \sqrt{\operatorname{cvs}{x}}( = 2\sqrt{1 + \sin x})$（其中 $\operatorname{cvs}{x}$ 是 餘矢(Coversine)函數(參閱正矢(versine)函數)）

$$\int x\sin cx\;dx = \frac{\sin cx}{c^2}-\frac{x\cos cx}{c}\,\!$$

$\int x^n\sin cx\;dx = -\frac{x^n}{c}\cos cx+\frac{n}{c}\int x^{n-1}\cos cx\;dx \qquad($其中$n>0\,\!)$

$\int_{-\frac{a}{2}}^{\frac{a}{2}} x^2\sin^2 {\frac{n\pi x}{a}}\;dx = \frac{a^3(n^2\pi^2-6)}{24n^2\pi^2} \qquad($其中$n=2,4,6...\,\!)$

$$\int\frac{\sin cx}{x} dx = \sum_{i=0}^\infty (-1)^i\frac{(cx)^{2i+1}}{(2i+1)\cdot (2i+1)!}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\sin cx}{x^n} dx = -\frac{\sin cx}{(n-1)x^{n-1}} + \frac{c}{n-1}\int\frac{\cos cx}{x^{n-1}} dx\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{\sin cx} = \frac{1}{c}\ln \left|\tan\frac{cx}{2}\right|$$

$\int\frac{dx}{\sin^n cx} = \frac{\cos cx}{c(1-n) \sin^{n-1} cx}+\frac{n-2}{n-1}\int\frac{dx}{\sin^{n-2}cx} \qquad($其中$n>1\,\!)$

$$\int\frac{dx}{1\pm\sin cx} = \frac{1}{c}\tan\left(\frac{cx}{2}\mp\frac{\pi}{4}\right)$$

$$\int\frac{x\;dx}{1+\sin cx} = \frac{x}{c}\tan\left(\frac{cx}{2} - \frac{\pi}{4}\right)+\frac{2}{c^2}\ln\left|\cos\left(\frac{cx}{2}-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right|$$

$$\int\frac{x\;dx}{1-\sin cx} = \frac{x}{c}\cot\left(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{cx}{2}\right)+\frac{2}{c^2}\ln\left|\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{cx}{2}\right)\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\sin cx\;dx}{1\pm\sin cx} = \pm x+\frac{1}{c}\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\mp\frac{cx}{2}\right)$$

$\int\sin c_1x\sin c_2x\;dx = \frac{\sin(c_1-c_2)x}{2(c_1-c_2)}-\frac{\sin(c_1+c_2)x}{2(c_1+c_2)} \qquad($其中$|c_1|\neq|c_2|\,\!)$

## 積分只有cos的函數

$$\int\cos cx\;dx = \frac{1}{c}\sin cx\,\!$$

$$\int\cos^n cx\;dx = \frac{1}{nc} \cos^{n-1} cx\sin cx + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\cos^{n-2} cx\;dx \qquad\mbox{(}n>0\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int x\cos cx\;dx = \frac{\cos cx}{c^2} + \frac{x\sin cx}{c}\,\!$$

$$\int x^n\cos cx\;dx = \frac{x^n\sin cx}{c} - \frac{n}{c}\int x^{n-1}\sin cx\;dx\,\!$$

$$\int_{-\frac{a}{2}}^{\frac{a}{2}} x^2\cos^2 {\frac{n\pi x}{a}}\;dx = \frac{a^3(n^2\pi^2-6)}{24n^2\pi^2} \qquad\mbox{(}n=1,3,5...\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\cos cx}{x} dx = \ln|cx|+\sum_{i=1}^\infty (-1)^i\frac{(cx)^{2i}}{2i\cdot(2i)!}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\cos cx}{x^n} dx = -\frac{\cos cx}{(n-1)x^{n-1}}-\frac{c}{n-1}\int\frac{\sin cx}{x^{n-1}} dx \qquad\mbox{(}n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{\cos cx} = \frac{1}{c}\ln\left|\tan\left(\frac{cx}{2}+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right|$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{\cos^n cx} = \frac{\sin cx}{c(n-1) cos^{n-1} cx} + \frac{n-2}{n-1}\int\frac{dx}{\cos^{n-2} cx} \qquad\mbox{(}n>1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{1+\cos cx} = \frac{1}{c}\tan\frac{cx}{2}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{1-\cos cx} = -\frac{1}{c}\cot\frac{cx}{2}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{x\;dx}{1+\cos cx} = \frac{x}{c}\tan\frac{cx}{2} + \frac{2}{c^2}\ln\left|\cos\frac{cx}{2}\right|$$

$$\int\frac{x\;dx}{1-\cos cx} = -\frac{x}{c}\cot\frac{cx}{2}+\frac{2}{c^2}\ln\left|\sin\frac{cx}{2}\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\cos cx\;dx}{1+\cos cx} = x - \frac{1}{c}\tan\frac{cx}{2}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\cos cx\;dx}{1-\cos cx} = -x-\frac{1}{c}\cot\frac{cx}{2}\,\!$$

$$\int\cos c_1x\cos c_2x\;dx = \frac{\sin(c_1-c_2)x}{2(c_1-c_2)}+\frac{\sin(c_1+c_2)x}{2(c_1+c_2)} \qquad\mbox{(}|c_1|\neq|c_2|\mbox{)}\,\!$$

## 積分只有tan的函數

$$\int\tan cx\;dx = -\frac{1}{c}\ln|\cos cx|\ = \frac{1}{c}\ln|\sec cx|\,\!$$

$$\int\tan^n cx\;dx = \frac{1}{c(n-1)}\tan^{n-1} cx-\int\tan^{n-2} cx\;dx \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{\tan cx + 1} = \frac{x}{2} + \frac{1}{2c}\ln|\sin cx + \cos cx|\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{\tan cx - 1} = -\frac{x}{2} + \frac{1}{2c}\ln|\sin cx - \cos cx|\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\tan cx\;dx}{\tan cx + 1} = \frac{x}{2} - \frac{1}{2c}\ln|\sin cx + \cos cx|\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\tan cx\;dx}{\tan cx - 1} = \frac{x}{2} + \frac{1}{2c}\ln|\sin cx - \cos cx|\,\!$$

## 積分只有sec的函數

$$\int \sec{cx} \, dx = \frac{1}{c}\ln{\left| \sec{cx} + \tan{cx}\right|}$$

$$\int\sec^2x\mbox{d}x=\tan x+C$$

$$\int \sec^n{cx} \, dx = \frac{\sec^{n-2}{cx} \tan {cx}}{c(n-1)} \,+\, \frac{n-2}{n-1}\int \sec^{n-2}{cx} \, dx \qquad \mbox{ (for }n \ne 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int \frac{dx}{\sec{x} + 1} = x - \tan{\frac{x}{2}}$$

## 積分只有csc的函數

$$\int \csc{cx} \, dx = \frac{1}{c}\ln{\left| \tan(\frac{cx}{2})\right|}$$

$$\int\csc^2x\mbox{d}x=-\cot x+C$$

$$\int \csc^n{cx} \, dx = -\frac{\csc^{n-2}{cx} \cot{cx}}{c(n-1)} \,+\, \frac{n-2}{n-1}\int \csc^{n-2}{cx} \, dx \qquad \mbox{ (for }n \ne 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

## 積分只有cot的函數

$$\int\cot cx\;dx = \frac{1}{c}\ln|\sin cx|\,\!$$

$$\int\cot^n cx\;dx = -\frac{1}{c(n-1)}\cot^{n-1} cx - \int\cot^{n-2} cx\;dx \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{1 + \cot cx} = \int\frac{\tan cx\;dx}{\tan cx+1}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{1 - \cot cx} = \int\frac{\tan cx\;dx}{\tan cx-1}\,\!$$

## 積分只有sin和cos的函數

$$\int\frac{dx}{\cos cx\pm\sin cx} = \frac{1}{c\sqrt{2}}\ln\left|\tan\left(\frac{cx}{2}\pm\frac{\pi}{8}\right)\right|$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{(\cos cx\pm\sin cx)^2} = \frac{1}{2c}\tan\left(cx\mp\frac{\pi}{4}\right)$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{(\cos x + \sin x)^n} = \frac{1}{n-1}\left[\frac{\sin x - \cos x}{(\cos x + \sin x)^{n - 1}} - 2(n - 2)\int\frac{dx}{(\cos x + \sin x)^{n-2}} \right]$$

$$\int\frac{\cos cx\;dx}{\cos cx + \sin cx} = \frac{x}{2} + \frac{1}{2c}\ln\left|\sin cx + \cos cx\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\cos cx\;dx}{\cos cx - \sin cx} = \frac{x}{2} - \frac{1}{2c}\ln\left|\sin cx - \cos cx\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\sin cx\;dx}{\cos cx + \sin cx} = \frac{x}{2} - \frac{1}{2c}\ln\left|\sin cx + \cos cx\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\sin cx\;dx}{\cos cx - \sin cx} = -\frac{x}{2} - \frac{1}{2c}\ln\left|\sin cx - \cos cx\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\cos cx\;dx}{\sin cx(1+\cos cx)} = -\frac{1}{4c}\tan^2\frac{cx}{2}+\frac{1}{2c}\ln\left|\tan\frac{cx}{2}\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\cos cx\;dx}{\sin cx(1+-\cos cx)} = -\frac{1}{4c}\cot^2\frac{cx}{2}-\frac{1}{2c}\ln\left|\tan\frac{cx}{2}\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\sin cx\;dx}{\cos cx(1+\sin cx)} = \frac{1}{4c}\cot^2\left(\frac{cx}{2}+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{2c}\ln\left|\tan\left(\frac{cx}{2}+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\sin cx\;dx}{\cos cx(1-\sin cx)} = \frac{1}{4c}\tan^2\left(\frac{cx}{2}+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)-\frac{1}{2c}\ln\left|\tan\left(\frac{cx}{2}+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right|$$

$$\int\sin cx\cos cx\;dx = \frac{1}{2c}\sin^2 cx\,\!$$

$$\int\sin c_1x\cos c_2x\;dx = -\frac{\cos(c_1+c_2)x}{2(c_1+c_2)}-\frac{\cos(c_1-c_2)x}{2(c_1-c_2)} \qquad\mbox{(for }|c_1|\neq|c_2|\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\sin^n cx\cos cx\;dx = \frac{1}{c(n+1)}\sin^{n+1} cx \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\sin cx\cos^n cx\;dx = -\frac{1}{c(n+1)}\cos^{n+1} cx \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\sin^n cx\cos^m cx\;dx = -\frac{\sin^{n-1} cx\cos^{m+1} cx}{c(n+m)}+\frac{n-1}{n+m}\int\sin^{n-2} cx\cos^m cx\;dx \qquad\mbox{(for }m,n>0\mbox{)}\,\!$$

also: $\int\sin^n cx\cos^m cx\;dx = \frac{\sin^{n+1} cx\cos^{m-1} cx}{c(n+m)} + \frac{m-1}{n+m}\int\sin^n cx\cos^{m-2} cx\;dx \qquad\mbox{(for }m,n>0\mbox{)}\,\!$

$$\int\frac{dx}{\sin cx\cos cx} = \frac{1}{c}\ln\left|\tan cx\right|$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{\sin cx\cos^n cx} = \frac{1}{c(n-1)\cos^{n-1} cx}+\int\frac{dx}{\sin cx\cos^{n-2} cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{dx}{\sin^n cx\cos cx} = -\frac{1}{c(n-1)\sin^{n-1} cx}+\int\frac{dx}{\sin^{n-2} cx\cos cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\sin cx\;dx}{\cos^n cx} = \frac{1}{c(n-1)\cos^{n-1} cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\sin^2 cx\;dx}{\cos cx} = -\frac{1}{c}\sin cx+\frac{1}{c}\ln\left|\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{cx}{2}\right)\right|$$

$$\int\frac{\sin^2 cx\;dx}{\cos^n cx} = \frac{\sin cx}{c(n-1)\cos^{n-1}cx}-\frac{1}{n-1}\int\frac{dx}{\cos^{n-2}cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\sin^n cx\;dx}{\cos cx} = -\frac{\sin^{n-1} cx}{c(n-1)} + \int\frac{\sin^{n-2} cx\;dx}{\cos cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\sin^n cx\;dx}{\cos^m cx} = \frac{\sin^{n+1} cx}{c(m-1)\cos^{m-1} cx}-\frac{n-m+2}{m-1}\int\frac{\sin^n cx\;dx}{\cos^{m-2} cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }m\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

also: $\int\frac{\sin^n cx\;dx}{\cos^m cx} = -\frac{\sin^{n-1} cx}{c(n-m)\cos^{m-1} cx}+\frac{n-1}{n-m}\int\frac{\sin^{n-2} cx\;dx}{\cos^m cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }m\neq n\mbox{)}\,\!$

also: $\int\frac{\sin^n cx\;dx}{\cos^m cx} = \frac{\sin^{n-1} cx}{c(m-1)\cos^{m-1} cx}-\frac{n-1}{m-1}\int\frac{\sin^{n-2} cx\;dx}{\cos^{m-2} cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }m\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$

$$\int\frac{\cos cx\;dx}{\sin^n cx} = -\frac{1}{c(n-1)\sin^{n-1} cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\cos^2 cx\;dx}{\sin cx} = \frac{1}{c}\left(\cos cx+\ln\left|\tan\frac{cx}{2}\right|\right)$$

$$\int\frac{\cos^2 cx\;dx}{\sin^n cx} = -\frac{1}{n-1}\left(\frac{\cos cx}{c\sin^{n-1} cx)}+\int\frac{dx}{\sin^{n-2} cx}\right) \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}$$

$$\int\frac{\cos^n cx\;dx}{\sin^m cx} = -\frac{\cos^{n+1} cx}{c(m-1)\sin^{m-1} cx} - \frac{n-m+2}{m-1}\int\frac{cos^n cx\;dx}{\sin^{m-2} cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }m\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

also: $\int\frac{\cos^n cx\;dx}{\sin^m cx} = \frac{\cos^{n-1} cx}{c(n-m)\sin^{m-1} cx} + \frac{n-1}{n-m}\int\frac{cos^{n-2} cx\;dx}{\sin^m cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }m\neq n\mbox{)}\,\!$

also: $\int\frac{\cos^n cx\;dx}{\sin^m cx} = -\frac{\cos^{n-1} cx}{c(m-1)\sin^{m-1} cx} - \frac{n-1}{m-1}\int\frac{cos^{n-2} cx\;dx}{\sin^{m-2} cx} \qquad\mbox{(for }m\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$

## 積分只有sin和tan的函數

$$\int \sin cx \tan cx\;dx = \frac{1}{c}(\ln|\sec cx + \tan cx| - \sin cx)\,\!$$

$$\int\frac{\tan^n cx\;dx}{\sin^2 cx} = \frac{1}{c(n-1)}\tan^{n-1} (cx) \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

## 積分只有cos和tan的函數

$$\int\frac{\tan^n cx\;dx}{\cos^2 cx} = \frac{1}{c(n+1)}\tan^{n+1} cx \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

## 積分只有sin和cot的函數

$$\int\frac{\cot^n cx\;dx}{\sin^2 cx} = \frac{-1}{c(n+1)}\cot^{n+1} cx \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq -1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

## 積分只有cos和cot的函數

$$\int\frac{\cot^n cx\;dx}{\cos^2 cx} = \frac{1}{c(1-n)}\tan^{1-n} cx \qquad\mbox{(for }n\neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$

## 積分只有tan和cot的函數

$$\int \frac{\tan^m(cx)}{\cot^n(cx)}\;dx = \frac{1}{c(m+n-1)}\tan^{m+n-1}(cx) - \int \frac{\tan^{m-2}(cx)}{\cot^n(cx)}\;dx\qquad\mbox{(for }m + n \neq 1\mbox{)}\,\!$$