查德語族

查德語族(Chadic languages)是亞非語系（閃含語系）之下的語族之一，語言人口主要分布於中、西非的奈及利亞北部、尼日、查德、中非共和國及喀麥隆。查德語族大致上可以分為比烏-曼達拉語支、東查德語支、西查德語支和馬薩Masa語支四個語支。

豪薩語是查德語族中語言人口分布最廣泛的語言，屬於西查德語支，亦是西非的非官方通用語。

## 分支

- 比烏-曼達拉語支 (Biu-Mandara)
- Biu-Mandara A
- Biu-Mandara A.1
- Biu-Mandara Eastern A.1
- Boga
- Ga'anda
- Hwana
- Biu-Mandara Western A.1
- Jara
- 特拉語 Tera
- Biu-Mandara A.2
- Nggwahyi
- Biu-Mandara A.2 1
- Bura-Pabir
- Cibak
- Kofa
- Putai
- Biu-Mandara A.2 2
- Huba
- 南馬爾吉語 Marghi South
- 中馬爾吉語 Marghi Central
- Biu-Mandara A.3
- Bana
- Hya
- Kamwe
- Psikye
- Biu-Mandara A.4
- Lamang
- Hdi
- Lamang
- Vemgo-Mabas
- 純正曼達拉 Mandara Proper
- Glavda
- Cineni
- Dghwede
- Glavda
- Guduf-Gava
- Gvoko
- 曼達拉語 Mandara
- Wandala
- Podoko
- Parkwa
- Biu-Mandara A.5
- Baldemu
- Cuvok
- Dugwor
- 北吉西加語 Giziga, North
- 南吉西加語 Giziga, South
- Mada
- Mafa
- Matal
- Mbuko
- Mefele
- Merey
- Mofu, North
- Mofu-Gudur
- Moloko
- Muyang
- Vame
- Wuzlam
- Zulgo-Gemzek
- Biu-Mandara A.6
- Sukur
- Biu-Mandara A.7
- Buwal
- 達巴語 Daba
- Gavar
- Mazagway
- Mbedam
- Mina
- Biu-Mandara A.8
- Bacama
- 巴塔語 Bata
- Fali
- Gude
- Gudu
- Holma
- Jimi
- Ngwaba
- Nzanyi
- Sharwa
- Tsuvan
- Zizilivakan
- Biu-Mandara B
- Biu-Mandara B.1
- Jilbe
- 布杜馬語 Buduma
- 布杜馬語 Buduma
- Jina
- Jina
- Majera
- 純正科托科語 Kotoko Proper
- Afade
- Lagwan
- Malgbe
- Maslam
- Mpade
- Mser
- Biu-Mandara B.2
- Mbara
- Musgu
- Muskum
- Biu-Mandara C
- Gidar
- 東查德語支 (East Chadic)
- East Chadic A
- East Chadic A.1
- Buso
- East Chadic A.1 1
- Mire
- Ndam
- Somrai
- Tumak
- East Chadic A.1 2
- Boor
- Gadang
- Miltu
- Sarua
- East Chadic A.2
- East Chadic A.2 1
- Kimré
- Lele
- 南歇雷語 Nancere
- East Chadic A.2 2
- Gabri
- Kabalai
- Tobanga
- East Chadic A.3
- Kera
- Kwang
- East Chadic B
- East Chadic B.1
- East Chadic B.1 1
- Bidiyo
- 丹加利特語 Dangaléat
- Jonkor Bourmataguil
- Mabire
- Mawa
- Migaama
- Mogum
- Ubi
- East Chadic B.1 2
- Birgit
- Kajakse
- Masmaje
- 穆比語 Mubi
- Toram
- Zirenkel
- East Chadic B.2
- Mukulu
- East Chadic B.3
- Barein
- Saba
- 索科羅語 Sokoro
- Tamki
- 馬薩語支 Masa
- Herdé
- Marba
- Masana
- Mesme
- Musey
- Ngete
- Pévé
- Zumaya
- 西查德語支 (West Chadic)
- Luri
- West Chadic A
- Daza
- West Chadic A.1
- 關達拉語 Gwandara
- 豪薩語（Hausa）
- West Chadic A.2
- Bole
- Bure
- Bole Proper
- Beele
- Bole
- Deno
- Galambu
- Gera
- Geruma
- Giiwo
- Kholok
- Kubi
- Maaka
- 恩加莫語 Ngamo
- Nyam
- 卡雷卡雷語 Karekare
- 卡雷卡雷語 Karekare
- 坦加勒 Tangale
- Dera
- Dera
- 純正坦加勒 Tangale Proper
- Kushi
- Kutto
- Kwaami
- Pero
- Piya-Kwonci
- 坦加勒語 Tangale
- West Chadic A.3
- 純正安加斯 Angas Proper
- Angas Proper 1
- Cakfem-Mushere
- Jorto
- Kofyar
- Miship
- Mwaghavul
- Ngas
- Angas Proper 2
- Goemai
- Koenoem
- Montol
- Pyapun
- Tal
- Yiwom
- Yiwom
- West Chadic A.4
- Fyer
- Fyer
- Tambas
- 純正羅恩 Ron Proper
- Duhwa
- Kulere
- Mundat
- 羅恩語 Ron
- Sha
- West Chadic B
- West Chadic B.1
- Auyokawa
- 純正巴德 Bade Proper
- 巴德語 Bade
- 恩吉津語 Ngizim
- Teshenawa
- Duwai
- Duwai
- West Chadic B.2
- Ajawa
- Ciwogai
- Diri
- Kariya
- Mburku
- Miya
- Pa'a
- Siri
- Warji
- Zumbun
- West Chadic B.3
- Dass
- Boghom
- Boghom
- Kir-Balar
- Mangas
- Guruntum
- Guruntum-Mbaaru
- Ju
- Tala
- Zangwal
- West Chadic B.3 Eastern
- Jimi
- Zaar Proper
- Geji
- Polci
- Saya
- Zari
- Zeem

## 參考文獻

- Ethnologue entry for Chadic languages
- Lukas, Johannes (1936) 'The linguistic situation in the Lake Chad area in Central Africa.' Africa, 9, 332–349.
- Newman, Paul (1977) 'Chadic classification and reconstructions.' Afroasiatic Linguistics 5, 1, 1–42.
- Newman, Paul (1978) 'Chado-Hamitic 'adieu': new thoughts on Chadic language classification', in Fronzaroli, Pelio (ed.), Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Linguistica Camito-Semitica. Florence: Instituto de Linguistica e di Lingue Orientali, Università di Firenze, 389–397.
- Newman, Paul (1980) The Classification of Chadic within Afroasiatic. Leiden: Universitaire Pers Leiden.
- Newman, Paul and Ma, Roxana (1966) 'Comparative Chadic: phonology and lexicon.' Journal of African Languages, 5, 218–251.
- Schuh, Russell (2003) 'Chadic overview', in M. Lionel Bender, Gabor Takacs, and David L. Appleyard (eds.), Selected Comparative-Historical Afrasian Linguistic Studies in Memory of Igor M. Diakonoff, LINCOM Europa, 55–60.

## 外部連結

- Chadic Newsletter Online

## 基本資料

- 地區：奈及利亞、尼日、查德、中非共和國及喀麥隆
- 譜系學分類：Afro-Asiatic
- 譜系學分類：亞非語系
- 分支：比烏-曼達拉語支
- 分支：東查德語支
- 分支：馬薩Masa語支
- 分支：西查德語支
- 位置：查德語族在非洲的分布
- 語言學家列表：AFB
- iso5：cdc