退伍軍人桿菌屬

軍團菌是一類革蘭氏陰性菌，包括造成退伍軍人症的嗜肺軍團菌。

軍團菌在許多環境中都很常見，已確定的至少有50個種和70個血清型。該屬菌細胞壁取代基所攜帶的基團標識了其體抗原。這些取代基的化學構成，包括其成分的不同以及糖原的不同排列方式，決定了其表面體抗原或是O-抗原的性質，而這正是血清學中對許多革蘭氏陰性菌分類的基本手段。

軍團菌的名字源於1976年7月在費城爆發的一種「神秘疾病」，該病共造成221人患病，34人死亡，患者大都為美國退伍軍人，因而被冠名為退伍軍人症。退伍軍人症被廣泛宣傳而造成一定程度的恐慌。1977年1月18日，該病的病原體被確定為一種不為人知的細菌，隨後被命名為軍團菌。

## 下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

Legionella adelaidensis｜Benson et al. 1991

Legionella anisa｜Gorman et al. 1985

Legionella beliardensis｜Lo Presti et al. 2001

伯明罕軍團菌｜Legionella birminghamensis｜Wilkinson et al. 1988

Legionella bozemanae｜(Garrity et al. 1980) Brenner et al. 1980，也拼作：Legionella bozemanii

Legionella brunensis｜Wilkinson et al. 1989

Legionella busanensis｜Park et al. 2003

Legionella cardiaca｜Pearce et al. 2012

Legionella cherrii｜Brenner et al. 1985

辛辛那提軍團菌｜Legionella cincinnatiensis｜Thacker et al. 1989

Legionella drancourtii｜La Scola et al. 2004

Legionella dresdenensis｜Lück et al. 2010

Legionella drozanskii｜Adeleke et al. 2001

Legionella dumoffii｜Brenner et al. 1980

Legionella erythra｜Brenner et al. 1985

Legionella fairfieldensis｜Thacker et al. 1991

Legionella fallonii｜Adeleke et al. 2001

Legionella feeleii｜Herwaldt et al. 1984

Legionella geestiana｜Dennis et al. 1993

Legionella gormanii｜Morris et al. 1980

Legionella gratiana｜Bornstein et al. 1991

Legionella gresilensis｜Lo Presti et al. 2001

Legionella hackeliae｜Brenner et al. 1985

Legionella impletisoli｜Kuroki et al. 2007

Legionella israelensis｜Bercovier et al. 1986

詹姆斯敦軍團菌｜Legionella jamestowniensis｜Brenner et al. 1985，指美國紐約詹姆斯敦

Legionella jordanis｜Cherry et al. 1982

Legionella lansingensis｜Thacker et al. 1994

Legionella londiniensis｜Dennis et al. 1993

Legionella longbeachae｜McKinney et al. 1982

Legionella lytica｜(Drozanski 1991) Hookey et al. 1996

Legionella maceachernii｜Brenner et al. 1985

馬略卡島軍團菌｜Legionella maioricensis｜Crespi et al. 2023

Legionella massiliensis｜Campocasso et al. 2012

Legionella micdadei｜(Garrity et al. 1980) Hébert et al. 1980

Legionella moravica｜Wilkinson et al. 1989

長崎軍團菌｜Legionella nagasakiensis｜Yang et al. 2012

Legionella nautarum｜Dennis et al. 1993

Legionella norrlandica｜Rizzardi et al. 2015

Legionella oakridgensis｜Orrison et al. 1983

Legionella parisiensis｜Brenner et al. 1985

匹茲堡軍團菌｜Legionella pittsburghensis｜Pasculle et al. 1980，為Legionella micdadei (Garrity et al. 1980) Hébert et al. 1980的異名

退伍軍人症嗜肺桿菌｜Legionella pneumophila Brenner et al. 1979｜(Approved Lists 1980)

Legionella qingyii｜Wu et al. 2019

Legionella quateirensis｜Dennis et al. 1993

Legionella quinlivanii｜Benson et al. 1990

Legionella resiliens

Legionella rowbothamii｜Adeleke et al. 2001

Legionella rubrilucens｜Brenner et al. 1985

Legionella sainthelensi｜Campbell et al. 1984

Legionella santicrucis｜Brenner et al. 1985

Legionella saoudiensis｜Bajrai et al. 2016

Legionella septentrionalis｜Li et al. 2021

Legionella shakespearei｜Verma et al. 1992

Legionella spiritensis｜Brenner et al. 1985，種名指美國俄勒岡州聖海倫火山附近的Spirit湖

Legionella steelei｜Edelstein et al. 2012

Legionella steigerwaltii｜Brenner et al. 1985

Legionella taurinensis｜Lo Presti et al. 1999

Legionella thermalis｜Ishizaki et al. 2016

Legionella tucsonensis｜Thacker et al. 1990

Legionella tunisiensis｜Campocasso et al. 2012

Legionella wadsworthii｜Edelstein et al. 1983

Legionella waltersii｜Benson et al. 1996

Legionella worsleiensis｜Dennis et al. 1993

Legionella yabuuchiae｜Kuroki et al. 2007

## 外部連結

- CDC Division of bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Legionellosis
- Directors of Health Promotion and Education page on Legionellosis
- European Working Group for Legionella Infections
- Legionnaires' disease outbreaks
- 世界衛生組織 軍團病

### 維護指引

- Cooling Technology Institute - Best Practices for Control of Legionella
- California Energy Commission - Cooling Water Management Program Guidelines For Wet and Hybrid Cooling Towers at Power Plants
- ASHRAE Guideline
- Guidelines for Control of Legionella in Ornamental Fountains

## 基本資料

- 學名：Legionella
- 命名者：Brenner et al. 1979
- 說明：在紫外光照射下的軍團菌
- 模式種：Legionella pneumophila
- type species authority：Brenner et al., 1979
- 異名：Sarcobium Drozanski 1991、Tatlockia Garrity et al. 1980、Fluoribacter Garrity et al. 1980
- subdivision_ranks：種
- 栽培群成員：見正文