伪切叶蚁属

伪切叶蚁属（学名：Pseudomyrmex），俗名相思树蚁或金合欢蚁，是伪切叶蚁亚科之下的模式属，该属全员具有蛰针，且形似蜂类。具有很大的复眼，视力极佳。身体细长，可以在中空的植物或树木隧道中穿梭。主要分布在新大陆的热带和亚热带地区。

## 栖息地

伪切叶蚁主要分布在新热带区，但也有少数种类分布在新北界。大多数伪切叶蚁物种都是植物寄居者，例如苍白伪切叶蚁（P. pallidus）会在枯萎植物的空心茎、草本植物的嫩枝以及枯死树木的中空隧道中筑巢。该属也有寄居树木、与树木共生的物种，较大众为熟知的树木寄居对像为相思树。其他种类则进化出了与其他树木的专性互利共生关系；例如三分伪切叶蚁（P. triplarinus）就专性依赖于蓼树属中的几种树木物种。极少数（如牛眼伪切叶蚁 P. boopis）可以在土中筑巢。

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## 分类及关系性

伪切叶蚁属与矾木蚁属为姐妹群，而矾木蚁属同时与伪切叶蚁属及细长蚁属近缘，其在系统发生树的位置处于细长蚁属和伪切叶蚁属之间。见：伪切叶蚁亚枓系统发生树

### 物种

该属包括以下物种：

#### 伪切叶蚁杜氏种团 duckei species-group

2个物种包括：

- 杜氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex duckei (Forel, 1906)
- 淡黑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex subater (Wheeler, 1914)

#### 伪切叶蚁隐居种团 elongatulus species-group

13个物种包括：

- 阿帕奇伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex apache Creighton, 1953
- 隐匿伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex arcanus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 毛发伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex capillatus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 钱氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex championi (Forel, 1899)
- 近缘伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cognatus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 侍从伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex comitator Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 隐居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex elongatulus (Dalla Torre, 1892)
- 冕伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ereptor Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 诫伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex exoratus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 横带伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fasciatus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 云斑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex nimbus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 塞氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex salvini (Forel, 1899)
- 韦拉克鲁斯伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex veracruzensis Ward & Branstetter, 2022

#### 伪切叶蚁锈色种团 ferruginea species-group

高度与金合欢属（Acacia）共生的种团，被俗称为“相思树蚁”或“金合欢蚁”。12个物种包括：

- 从者伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex evitus Ward, 2017
- 野性伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex feralis Ward, 2017
- 锈色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ferruginea (Smith, 1877)
- 黄角伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex flavicornis (Smith, 1877)
- 简氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex janzeni Ward, 1993
- 混杂伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex mixtecus Ward, 1993
- 黑带伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex nigrocinctus (Emery, 1890)
- 异首伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex particeps Ward, 1993
- 佩氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex peperi (Forel, 1913)
- 撒旦伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex satanicus (Wheeler, 1942)
- 棘伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex spinicola (Emery, 1890)
- 施毒伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex veneficus (Wheeler, 1942)

#### 伪切叶蚁高氏种团 goeldii species-group

5个物种包括：

- 高氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex goeldii (Forel, 1912)
- 光额伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex laevifrons Ward, 1989
- 闪光伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex micans Ward, 2017
- 钝伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex obtusus Ward, 2017
- 微伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex parvulus Ward, 2017

#### 伪切叶蚁纤细种团 gracilis species-group

著名伪切叶蚁入侵物种——细伪切叶蚁所在的种团。23个物种包括：

- 迭色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex alternans (Santschi, 1936)
- 阿氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex alvarengai Kempf, 1961
- 黑足伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex atripes (Smith, 1860)
- 布氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex browni Kempf, 1967
- 枝伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cladoicus (Smith, 1858)
- 截伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex excisus (Mayr, 1870)
- 匠工伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex faber (Smith, 1858)
- 戈氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex godmani (Forel, 1899)
- 细伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex gracilis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex hospitalis Ward, 1999
- 光滑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex laevigatus (Smith, 1877)
- 斑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex maculatus (Smith, 1855)
- 大伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex major (Forel, 1899)
- 黑色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex niger (Donisthorpe, 1940)
- 黑毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex nigropilosus (Emery, 1890)
- 暗头伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex opaciceps Ward, 1993
- 憎恶伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex osurus (Forel, 1911)
- 萝莉伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pupa (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex reconditus Ward, 1993
- 拟态伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex simulans Kempf, 1958
- 鳞毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex squamifer (Emery, 1890)
- 单色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex unicolor (Smith, 1855)
- 秀丽伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex venustus (Smith, 1858)

#### 伪切叶蚁大眼种团 oculatus species-group

11个物种包括：

- 光点伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex alustratus Ward, 1989
- 暗黑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex caeciliae (Forel, 1913)
- 宽伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cretus Ward, 1989
- 古巴伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cubaensis (Forel, 1901)
- 库拉卡伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex curacaensis (Forel, 1912)
- 埃氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex eduardi (Forel, 1912)
- 藏匿伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex elongatus (Mayr, 1870)
- 大眼伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex oculatus (Smith, 1855)
- 小伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pisinnus Ward, 1989
- 舒氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex schuppi (Forel, 1901)
- 城居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex urbanus (Smith, 1877)

#### 伪切叶蚁淡色种团 pallens species-group

8个物种包括：

- 烟色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex adustus (Borgmeier, 1929)
- 突结伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex gibbinotus (Forel, 1908)
- 掠夺伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex incurrens (Forel, 1912)
- 长伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex longus (Forel, 1912)
- 敏锐伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex lynceus (Spinola, 1851)
- 纯色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex monochrous (Dalla Torre, 1892)
- 淡色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pallens (Mayr, 1870)
- 喜叶伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex phyllophilus (Smith, 1858)

#### 伪切叶蚁苍白种团 pallidus species-group

易危物种——纤伪切叶蚁（又称弱伪切叶蚁）所在的种团，24个物种包括：

- 刺居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex acanthobius (Emery, 1896)
- 褐色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex brunneus (Smith, 1877)
- 科氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex colei (Enzmann, 1944)
- 分色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex distinctus (Smith, 1877)
- 驱逐伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ejectus (Smith, 1858)
- 禀赋伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ethicus (Forel, 1911)
- 兰伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex euryblemma (Forel, 1899)
- 菲氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fiebrigi (Forel, 1908)
- 浅黄伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex flavidulus (Smith, 1858)
- 霍氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex holmgreni (Wheeler, 1925)
- 客居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex inquilinus Ward, 1996
- Pseudomyrmex laevivertex (Forel, 1906)
- 纤伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex leptosus Ward, 1985 易危物种（Vulnerable），又称弱伪切叶蚁
- 利氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex lizeri (Santschi, 1922)
- Pseudomyrmex oki (Forel, 1906)
- 苍白伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pallidus (Smith, 1855)
- 帕氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pazosi (Santschi, 1909)
- 秘鲁伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex peruvianus (Wheeler, 1925)
- 罗氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rochai (Forel, 1912)
- 红腹伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rufiventris (Forel, 1911)
- 塞米诺伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex seminole Ward, 1985
- 单伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex simplex (Smith, 1877)
- 索氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex solisi (Santschi, 1916)
- 端伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex terminalis (Smith, 1877)

#### 伪切叶蚁绢毛种团 sericeus species-group

14个物种包括：

- 贝卡伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex beccarii (Menozzi, 1935)
- Pseudomyrmex cordiae (Forel, 1904)
- 残酷伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex crudelis Ward, 1999
- Pseudomyrmex deminutus Ward, 1999
- 驹伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex eculeus Ward, 1999
- 猛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ferox Ward, 1999
- 强壮伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fortis (Forel, 1899)
- 伊塔伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ita (Forel, 1906)
- 扰动伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex lisus (Enzmann, E.V., 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex longior (Forel, 1904)
- 花色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pictus (Stitz, 1913)
- 锈红伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rubiginosus (Stitz, 1913)
- 绢毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex sericeus (Mayr, 1870)
- 芬氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex vinneni (Forel, 1906)

#### 伪切叶蚁微小种团 subtilissimus species-group

4个物种包括：

- 针突伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex spiculus Ward, 1989
- 微小伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex subtilissimus (Emery, 1890)
- 轻薄伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex tenuissimus (Emery, 1906)
- 多毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex villosus Ward, 1989

#### 伪切叶蚁齿颈种团 denticollis species-group

4个物种包括：

- 牛眼伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex boopis (Roger, 1863)
- 齿颈伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex denticollis (Emery, 1890)
- 窄结伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex tenuis (Fabricius, 1804)
- 毁木伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855)

#### 伪切叶蚁弑亲种团 viduus species-group

该种团与蚁豆属（Tachigali）、破布木属（Cordia）及蓼树属（Triplaris）等植物共生，可能是最接近矾木蚁的种团（见同色伪切叶蚁）。13个物种包括：

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- 同色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex concolor (Smith, 1860)
- 树伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex dendroicus (Forel, 1904)
- 忧郁伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex insuavis Ward, 1999
- 库氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (Emery, 1890)
- 邪恶伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex malignus (Wheeler, 1921)
- 蛰刺伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex mordax (Warming, 1894)
- 渗透伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex penetrator (Smith, F., 1877)
- 疾行伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex tachigaliae (Forel, 1904) 蚁豆伪切叶蚁
- 枯黄伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex triplaridis (Forel, 1904)
- 三分伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex triplarinus (Weddell, 1850)
- 复仇伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ultrix Ward, 1999
- 弑亲伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex viduus (Smith, 1858)
- 拒止伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex vitabilis Ward, 1999

#### 未分配种团

17个物种包括：

- Pseudomyrmex antiquus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex coronatus (Wheeler, 1942)
- Pseudomyrmex depressus (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex endophytus (Forel, 1912)
- 亮红伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fervidus (Smith, 1877)
- 线形伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex filiformis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex gebellii (Forel, 1899)
- 海地伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex haytianus (Forel, 1901)
- 西方伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex hesperius Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex mandibularis (Spinola, 1851)
- Pseudomyrmex nigrescens (Forel, 1904)
- 珀氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex perboscii (Guerin-Meneville, 1844)
- 中红伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rufomedius (Smith, 1877)
- 桑氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex santschii (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex voytowskii (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex weberi (Enzmann, 1944)
- 惠勒伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex wheeleri (Enzmann, 1944)

#### 化石种 Fossil species

13个化石种包括：

- †Pseudomyrmex antiguanus (Enzmann, 1944)
- †Pseudomyrmex avitus Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex baros Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex coruscus Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex extinctus (Carpenter, 1930)
- †Pseudomyrmex macrops Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex nexilis Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex oryctus Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex prioris Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex saxulum LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015
- †Pseudomyrmex succinus Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex thecolor Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex vicinus Ward, 1992

## 基本资料

- fossil_range：始新世至今：
- 说明：细伪切叶蚁（Pseudomyrmex gracilis）的工蚁叼着一只毛虫。
- 母公司：2
- 学名：Pseudomyrmex
- 命名者：Lund, 1831
- 模式种：细伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex gracilis
- type species authority：Fabricius, 1804
- diversity：155种；13化石种；12种团
- diversity link：Species
- 异名：Apedunculata Enzmann, 1944、Clavanoda Enzmann, 1944、Latinoda Enzmann, 1944、Leptalea Erichson, 1839、Myrmex Guérin-Méneville, 1844、Ornatinoda Enzmann, 1944、Pseudomyrma Guérin-Méneville, 1844、Triangulinoda Enzmann, 1944