双歧杆菌属

双歧杆菌属（学名：Bifidobacterium）是双歧杆菌目双歧杆菌科的一属，为严格厌氧的革兰氏阳性杆菌。因细胞形态常呈现分叉状而得名，其染色呈不规则的分叉成Y及V型的杆状及棍棒状或匙形。此属的模式种为两歧双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium bifidum），按音译俗称比菲德菌。

双歧杆菌广泛存在于人和动物的消化道、阴道、口腔等生境中，会发酵糖类形成乳酸和乙酸。双歧杆菌是一大类具有代表性的人体肠道益生菌，可能与人类营养、抗菌、免疫调节、抗癌及抗肿瘤等相关。双歧杆菌与某些肠道疾病相关，如：炎症性肠病（IBD）、肠易激综合征（IBS）、腹泻、结肠癌、直肠癌等。双歧杆菌制剂可能可以调理和改善肠道相关疾病。

## 下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme｜Killer et al. 2011

青春双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium adolescentis｜Reuter, 1963

Bifidobacterium aemilianum｜Alberoni et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium aerophilum｜Michelini et al. 2017

Bifidobacterium aesculapii｜Modesto et al. 2014

Bifidobacterium amazonense｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium angulatum｜Scardovi and Crociani 1974

动物双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium animalis｜(Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974

- 双歧杆菌动物亚种 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis

Bifidobacterium anseris｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium apicola｜Wang et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium apis｜Jiang et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium apousia｜Chen et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium apri｜Pechar et al. 2017

Bifidobacterium aquikefiri｜Laureys et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium aquikefiricola｜Breselge et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium asteroides｜Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969

Bifidobacterium avesanii｜Michelini et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium biavatii｜Endo et al. 2012

两歧双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium bifidum｜(Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924，双岐双岐杆菌

Bifidobacterium bohemicum｜Killer et al. 2011

Bifidobacterium bombi｜Killer et al. 2009

Bifidobacterium boum｜Scardovi et al. 1979

短双岐杆菌｜Bifidobacterium breve｜Reuter 1963

Bifidobacterium callimiconis｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum｜Modesto et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium callitrichos｜Endo et al. 2012

犬双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium canis｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium castoris｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium catenulatum｜Scardovi and Crociani 1974

Bifidobacterium catulorum｜Modesto et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium cebidarum｜Duranti et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium choerinum｜Scardovi et al. 1979

Bifidobacterium choladohabitans｜Chen et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium choloepi｜Modesto et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium colobi｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium commune｜Praet et al. 2015

Bifidobacterium coryneforme｜(ex Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969) Biavati et al. 1982，异名

Bifidobacterium criceti｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium crudilactis｜Delcenserie et al. 2013

Bifidobacterium cuniculi｜Scardovi et al. 1979

Bifidobacterium denticolens｜Crociani et al. 1996

齿双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium dentium｜Scardovi and Crociani 1974

Bifidobacterium dolichotidis｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium erythrocebi｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium eulemuris｜Michelini et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium faecale｜Choi et al. 2014

Bifidobacterium favimelis｜Li et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium felsineum｜Modesto et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium fermentum｜Breselge et al. 2024

Bifidobacterium gallicum｜Lauer 1990

Bifidobacterium gallinarum｜Watabe et al. 1983

Bifidobacterium globosum｜(ex Scardovi et al. 1969) Biavati et al. 1982

Bifidobacterium goeldii｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium hapali｜Michelini et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium hominis｜Hitch et al. 2025

Bifidobacterium imperatoris｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium indicum Scardovi｜and Trovatelli 1969

婴儿双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium infantis｜Reuter 1963，异名

Bifidobacterium inopinatum｜Crociani et al. 1996，异名

意大利双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium italicum｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium jacchi｜Modesto et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense｜Morita et al. 2011，异名

乳双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium lactis｜Meile et al. 1997，更名为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis)

Bifidobacterium lemurum｜Modesto et al. 2015

Bifidobacterium leontopitheci｜Duranti et al. 2020

长双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium longum｜Reuter 1963，俗名：比菲德氏龙根菌，简称 龙根菌

- Bifidobacterium longum iuvenis Modesto et al. 2023

Bifidobacterium magnum｜Scardovi and Zani 1974

Bifidobacterium margollesii｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium mellis｜Olofsson et al. 2023

Bifidobacterium merycicum｜Biavati and Mattarelli 1991

Bifidobacterium miconis｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium miconisargentati｜Lugli et al. 2021

小双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium minimum｜Biavati et al. 1982

Bifidobacterium mizhiense｜Li et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium mongoliense｜Watanabe et al. 2009

Bifidobacterium moraviense｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium moukalabense｜Tsuchida et al. 2014

Bifidobacterium myosotis｜Michelini et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium oedipodis｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium olomucense｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium panos｜Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium parmae｜Lugli et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium phasiani｜Lugli et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium platyrrhinorum｜Modesto et al. 2025

Bifidobacterium pluvialisilvae｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium polysaccharolyticum｜Chen et al. 2022

Bifidobacterium pongonis｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium porcinum｜(Zhu et al. 2003) Nouioui et al. 2018

Bifidobacterium primatium｜Modesto et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum｜Scardovi et al. 1979

Bifidobacterium pseudolongum｜Mitsuoka 1969

Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum｜Simpson et al. 2004

Bifidobacterium pullorum｜Trovatelli et al. 1974

Bifidobacterium ramosum｜Michelini et al. 2017

Bifidobacterium reuteri｜Endo et al. 2012

Bifidobacterium ruminantium｜Biavati and Mattarelli 1991

Bifidobacterium saeculare｜Biavati et al. 1992，为Bifidobacterium gallinarum subsp. saeculare (Biavati et al. 1992) Liu et al. 2020的异名

Bifidobacterium saguini｜Endo et al. 2012

Bifidobacterium saguinibicoloris｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium saimiriisciurei｜Modesto et al. 2025

Bifidobacterium samirii｜Duranti et al. 2019

Bifidobacterium santillanense｜Lugli et al. 2021

Bifidobacterium scaligerum｜Modesto et al. 2020

斯卡尔多维双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium scardovii｜Hoyles et al. 2002

Bifidobacterium simiarum｜Modesto et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium stellenboschense｜Endo et al. 2012

Bifidobacterium stercoris｜Kim et al. 2010，为Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)的异名

Bifidobacterium subtile｜Biavati et al. 1982

猪双歧杆菌｜Bifidobacterium suis｜Matteuzzi et al. 1971，异名

Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum｜Dong et al. 2000

Bifidobacterium thermophilum｜Mitsuoka 1969，也拼作Bifidobacterium thermophilium

Bifidobacterium tibiigranuli｜Eckel et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium tissieri｜corrig. Michelini et al. 2016

Bifidobacterium tsurumiense｜Okamoto et al. 2008

Bifidobacterium vansinderenii｜Duranti et al. 2017

Bifidobacterium xylocopae｜Alberoni et al. 2019

## 参考文献

- LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature

## 基本资料

- 学名：Bifidobacterium
- 命名者：Orla-Jensen, 1924
- 模式种：两歧双歧杆菌、Bifidobacterium bifidum
- type species authority：(Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924