蒂奥得螺属

蒂奥得螺属（学名：Theodoxus）是腹足纲蜑螺科软体动物的一个属，体型细小，有螺厣，栖息于淡水或半咸水环境中。

## 分布

本属物种分布于欧洲及北非，并往东延伸至伊朗非海洋软体动物列表。除本属以外，蜑螺科并没有其他属与本属具同域。这在蜑螺科相当例外，因为其他蜑螺科物种只分布于南半球的热带。本属物种均为蜑螺科仅有栖息于温带的物种。

Bunje 和 Lindberg (2007) 提出了Theodoxus分支的第一个系统发育假说。Theodoxus属的进化受到中新世地中海与副特提斯海分离的影响。

## 形态描述

<image>

本属物种的螺壳呈半卵形，具有平坦的壳口。没有螺脐。螺柱及内螺层溶解。

蒂奥得螺属物种间的差异，无论是大小、外壳膜上的颜色与花纹变化、螺厣及齿舌的细节都有很大差异，这使得本属物种的辨认比较困难。

## 生态

These animals live on stones, and often also under stones, in up to 5–6 m depth or deeper, feeding on algal covers. Theodoxus needs rough surfaces in order to be able to digest its food, so a stony 基质 (生物生活环境) is necessary. Green algae are not consumed; Theodoxus has no 纤维素酶s. These snails lay egg capsules containing 30-70 eggs each, usually on the shells of other Theodoxus animals; only one juvenile grows, the other eggs serve as food.

## 物种

截至2007年，还未有对蒂奥得螺属作系统评价的研究。Bunje (2004) 的研究指出本属至少有34个现害种；而在2015年度的国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录列出了本属包括有至少23个物种。

本属包括下列各物种：

Subgenus Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912

- † Theodoxus petasatus (Seninski, 1905)

Subgenus Calvertia Bourguignat, 1880

- † Theodoxus acuticarinatus (Fuchs, 1870)
- † Theodoxus amblygonioides Wenz, 1930
- † Theodoxus amethystinus (Brusina, 1874)
- † Theodoxus anconae (Capellini, 1880)
- † Theodoxus angularis Gozhik, 2002
- † Theodoxus anonymus Anistratenko & Gozhik, 1995
- † Theodoxus atticus Kühn, 1963
- † Theodoxus barakovici (Brusina, 1902)
- † Theodoxus bessarabicus (Sinzov, 1896)
- † Theodoxus brusinai (Pavlović, 1931)
- † Theodoxus capellinii (Pantanelli, 1876)
- † Theodoxus capillaceus (Brusina, 1874)
- † Theodoxus crescens (Fuchs, 1870)
- † Theodoxus doderleini (d'Ancona, 1869)
- † Theodoxus dumortieri (Fontannes, 1878)
- † Theodoxus fasciatus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
- † Theodoxus gnezdai (Brusina, 1884)
- † Theodoxus grateloupianus (Férussac, 1823)
- † Theodoxus hoernesanus (Semper, 1867)
- † Theodoxus ingulenzis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
- † Theodoxus kalodictya (Andrusov, 1909)
- † Theodoxus koslinskyi (Porumbaru, 1881)
- † Theodoxus lamellatus (Brusina, 1892)
- † Theodoxus lineatus (Sinzov, 1896)
- † Theodoxus lorkovici (Brusina, 1878)
- † Theodoxus macedonicus Wenz, 1943
- † Theodoxus maculosus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
- † Theodoxus mayeri (Semper, 1867)
- † Theodoxus militaris (Neumayr, 1869)
- † Theodoxus miljkovici (Brusina, 1902)
- † Theodoxus millepunctatus (Brusina, 1902)
- † Theodoxus moeschi Locard, 1893
- † Theodoxus morulus Kühn, 1963
- † Theodoxus mutinensis (d'Ancona, 1869)
- † Theodoxus neumayri (Burgerstein, 1877)
- † Theodoxus nitens Gozhik, 2002
- † Theodoxus nivosus (Brusina, 1874)
- † Theodoxus novorossicus (Sinzov, 1896)
- † Theodoxus obtusangulaeformis Gozhik, 2002
- † Theodoxus oxytropida (Andrusov, 1909)
- † Theodoxus pavlovici Milošević, 1983
- † Theodoxus philippianus Locard, 1883
- † Theodoxus pilari (Brusina, 1884)
- † Theodoxus platystoma (Brusina, 1874)
- † Theodoxus pseudodanubialis (Sinzov, 1896)
- † Theodoxus pseudofluviatilis Locard, 1893
- † Theodoxus pseudograteloupanus (Sinzov, 1884)
- † Theodoxus radmanesti (Fuchs, 1870)
- † Theodoxus radovanovici (Brusina, 1893)
- † Theodoxus reiseri (Brusina, 1902)
- † Theodoxus rugosus (Pavlović, 1931)
- † Theodoxus sagittiferus (Brusina, 1874)
- † Theodoxus schachmaticus (Andrusov, 1909)
- † Theodoxus scoliogramma (Brusina, 1884)
- † Theodoxus semidentatus (Sandberger, 1875)
- † Theodoxus serrulatus (Brusina, 1892)
- † Theodoxus slavonicus (Brusina, 1878)
- † Theodoxus sophievkaensis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
- † Theodoxus stanae (Brusina, 1893)
- † Theodoxus stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
- † Theodoxus stefanescuiformis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
- † Theodoxus subquadrofasciatus Gozhik, 2002
- † Theodoxus subslavonicus Gozhik, 2002
- † Theodoxus sundicus (Andrusov, 1909)
- † Theodoxus suskalovici (Pavlović, 1903)
- † Theodoxus sycophantus (Brusina, 1878)
- † Theodoxus tropidophorus (Brusina, 1884)
- † Theodoxus turbinatus (Fuchs, 1870)
- † Theodoxus veljetinensis (Pavlović, 1903)
- † Theodoxus venustus (Brusina, 1897)
- † Theodoxus xanthozona (Brusina, 1884)
- † Theodoxus zagradovkaensis Gozhik, 2002
- † Theodoxus zivkovici (Pavlović, 1903)

Subgenus Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912

- † Theodoxus unguiculatus (Seninski, 1905)

Subgenus Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930

- † Theodoxus colchicus (Andrusov, 1912)

Subgenus Neritaea Roth, 1855

- (Récluz, 1841)
- † Theodoxus groyanus (Férussac, 1823)
- (Sowerby)
- † Theodoxus micans (Gaudry & Fischer in Gaudry, 1867)
- (Reeve, 1856) - synonym: Theodoxus africanus (Reeve, 1856)
- † Theodoxus subdoricus Schütt, 1976
- Theodoxus subterrelictus Schütt, 1963
- Theodoxus peloponensis (Récluz, 1841)
- Theodoxus varius (Menke, 1828)

Subgenus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810

- Schütt, 1965
- Theodoxus baeticus (Lamarck, 1822)
- † Theodoxus becenensis (Cobălcescu, 1883)
- † Theodoxus brenneri (Handmann, 1882)
- † Theodoxus carasiensis Jekelius, 1944
- † Theodoxus constantiae Stefanescu, 1896
- † Theodoxus culceri (Porumbaru, 1881)
- † Theodoxus cyrtocelis (Krauss, 1852)
- (Pfeiffer, 1828)
- † Theodoxus denisluensis (Oppenheim, 1919)
- † Theodoxus deperditus (Almera, 1894)
- † Theodoxus elongatulus (Philippi, 1844)
- † Theodoxus eugenii Jekelius, 1944
- (Clessin, 1886)
- (Linnaeus, 1758) - 模式种. synonyms: Theodoxus brauneri (Lindholm, 1908) (but as separate species per); Theodoxus brauneri f. lacrymans Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus brauneri f. alboguttata Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus brauneri f. pulherrima Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810. Bunje (2005) does not consider Theodoxus velox Anistratenko, 1999 to be a distinct species from Theodoxus fluviatilis.
- † Theodoxus gregarius (Thomä, 1845)
- Theodoxus heldreichi (Martens, 1879)
- † Theodoxus hisingeri (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841)
- Theodoxus hispalensis (Martens, 1879)
- † Theodoxus jekeliusi Jurišić-Polšak, 1979
- † Theodoxus leobersdorfensis (Handmann, 1887)
- (Philippi, 1836)
- † Theodoxus milessii Papp, 1979
- † Theodoxus moosbrunnensis Papp, 1953
- † Theodoxus morellii (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841)
- Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Theodoxus lituratus (Eichwald, 1838)
- † Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouër, 1879)
- (Pfeiffer, 1828)
- † Theodoxus punctatolineatus (Sinzov, 1896)
- (Bourguignat, 1852)
- † Theodoxus scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880)
- † Theodoxus semiplicatus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
- † Theodoxus simplex (Fuchs, 1877)
- † Theodoxus subglobosus (Eichwald, 1853)
- (Bourguignat in Issel, 1865) or Theodoxus fluviatilis subthermalis Issel, 1865
- (Pfeiffer, 1828)
- † Theodoxus trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839)
- † Theodoxus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944
- (Graells, 1846)
- † Theodoxus zografi (Brusina, 1902)

Subgenus ?

- † Theodoxus abnormis (Jenkins, 1864)
- † Theodoxus almelae (Revilla, 1958)
- Theodoxus astrachanicus Starobogatov, 1994
- † Theodoxus banaticus Jekelius, 1944
- † Theodoxus bohotinensis (Simionescu & Barbu, 1940)
- † Theodoxus bolivari (Royo Gómez, 1922)
- † Theodoxus bukowskii (Oppenheim, 1919)
- Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828)
- (Leach, 1815)
- † Theodoxus crenulatus (Klein, 1853)
- † Theodoxus cunici (Brusina, 1892)
- Theodoxus danasteri (Lindholm, 1908)
- † Theodoxus doricus (Neumayr, 1880)
- (Clessin, 1886)
- Theodoxus gloeri Odabaşi & Arslan, 2015
- Theodoxus gurur Sands & Glöer, 2020
- † Theodoxus hellenicus (Bukowski, 1896)
- † Theodoxus imbricatus (Brusina, 1878)
- † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944
- Theodoxus karasuna
- † Theodoxus licherdopoli (Stefanescu, 1896)
- Theodoxus luteofasciatus (Miller, 1879)
- Theodoxus macri (Sowerby, 1849)
- (Bourguignat, 1864)
- Theodoxus marteli (Pallary, 1920)
- Theodoxus milachevitchi Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966
- Theodoxus mutinensis
- (Récluz, 1841)
- Theodoxus olivaceus
- Lindholm, 1924
- Theodoxus pallidus Dunker, 1861
- † Theodoxus pappi Sauerzopf, 1952
- † Theodoxus paradisii (Magrograssi, 1928)
- † Theodoxus patrae Esu & Girotti, 2015
- † Theodoxus percarinatus (Oppenheim, 1919)
- Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouêr, 1879)
- † Theodoxus politioanei Jekelius, 1944
- † Theodoxus politus Jekelius, 1944
- Theodoxus poppei Ahuir, 2020
- † Theodoxus postcrenulatus Papp, 1953
- † Theodoxus prozlatarici Jekelius, 1944
- † Theodoxus pseudodacicus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014 †
- † Theodoxus quadrifasciatus (Bielz, 1864) †

Theodoxus reticularis Sowerby, 1838 IT IS A SYNONYM OF Clithon reticularis http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/166739/0 -->

- † Theodoxus reticulatus Pană, 1990

Theodoxus retropictus UNREFERENCED - see probably Clithon retropictum -->

- † Theodoxus rhodiensis (Tournouër in Fischer, 1877)
- Theodoxus sarmaticus (Lindholm, 1901)
- Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877)
- † Theodoxus scriptus (Stefanescu, 1896)
- † Theodoxus serratiliniformis Geyer, 1914
- † Theodoxus sinjanus (Brusina, 1876)
- † Theodoxus soceni Jekelius, 1944
- † Theodoxus sphaeroidalis (Revilla, 1958)
- † Theodoxus spratti (Jenkins, 1864)
- † Theodoxus stoicai Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
- Bourguignat in Issel, 1865
- † Theodoxus susuzianus Harzhauser, Neubauer & Hoşgör, 2018
- † Theodoxus timisensis Jekelius, 1944
- † Theodoxus trilophosensis Rust, 1997
- Theodoxus velascoi (Graëlls, 1846)
- V. Anistratenko in O. Anistratenko, Starobogatov & V. Anistratenko, 1999
- Theodoxus vespertinus (Sowerby II, 1849)
- Theodoxus wesselinghi Sands & Glöer, 2020
- Theodoxus wilkei Sands & Glöer, 2020
- † Theodoxus zlatarici Brusina, 1902)

Synonyms:

- † Theodoxus burdigalensis (d'Orbigny, 1852) : synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839)
- Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828) and Theodoxus cariosa are synonyms of Neritina cariosa (Wood, 1828)
- † Theodoxus dacicus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) leobersdorfensis dacicus Jekelius, 1944
- Theodoxus doriae Issel, 1865: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Theodoxus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874) is a synonym of Mousson, 1874
- † Theodoxus intracarpatica Jekelius, 1944 : synonym of † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944
- Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- † Theodoxus mariae (Handmann, 1887): synonym of † Neritina mariae Handmann, 1887
- † Theodoxus martensi (Brusina, 1884): synonym of † Ninnia martensi (Brusina, 1884)
- Theodoxus neglectus is a synonym of Neritina neglecta (Pease, 1861)
- † Theodoxus oslavanensis Rzehak, 1893: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) cyrtocelis austriacus (Rzehak, 1893)
- Theodoxus oualaniense (Lesson, 1831): synonym of Checked: verified by a taxonomic editorClithon oualaniense (Lesson, 1831)
- † Theodoxus perlongus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi perlongus Jekelius, 1944
- † Theodoxus petralbensis Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi petralbensis Jekelius, 1944
- † Theodoxus pictus (Férussac, 1823): synonym of † Agapilia picta (Férussac, 1823)
- Theodoxus reclivatus Say, 1822: synonym of (Röding, 1798)
- † Theodoxus rumanus (Stefanescu, 1896): synonym of † Theodoxus (Calvertia) stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
- † Theodoxus scamandri (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880): synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880)
- Theodoxus vespertinus : synonym of Neritina vespertinus (Sowerby, 1849)
- † Theodoxus vetranici (Brusina, 1902): synonym of † Neritina vetranici (Brusina, 1902)
- Theodoxus virginea (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of (Linnaeus, 1758)
- † Theodoxus (Vittoclithon) pictus bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839): synonym of † Agapilia picta bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839)

## 基本资料

- 说明：An oblique left side view of a live
- 学名：Theodoxus
- 命名者：1810
- 异名：† Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912、† Calvertia Bourguignat, 1881、† Meganinnia Davitashvili, 1930、Nerita (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810、Neritina Montfort, 1810、Neritina (Neritaea) J. R. Roth, 1855、Neritina (Neritodonta) Brusina, 1884 (junior synonym)、Neritina (Theodoxia) Bourguignat, 1877 (unjustified emendation)、Neritina (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810、Neritoconus Kobelt, 1871、Neritodonta Brusina, 1884 (junior synonym)、Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912、Ninnia Brusina, 1903、Neritoglobus Kobelt, 1871、† Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930 (original rank)、† Pettretinia Bourguignat, 1881 (subjective synonym)、† Saintsimonia Bourguignat, 1881 (subjective synonym)、Theodoxia Bourguignat, 1877 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Theodoxus)、Theodoxis Montfort, 1810 (alternative original spelling, not in use)、† Theodoxus (Brusinaella) Andrusov, 1912· accepted, alternate representation、Theodoxus (Calvertia) Bourguignat, 1880· accepted, alternate representation、Theodoxus (Neritaea) J. R. Roth, 1855· accepted, alternate representation、† Theodoxus (Neritonyx) Andrusov, 1912· accepted, alternate representation、† Theodoxus (Ninniopsis) Tomlin, 1930· accepted, alternate representation、Theodoxus (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810· accepted, alternate representation、† Tripaloia Bourguignat, 1881
- 模式种：Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810
- 母公司：3