Collaboratory

Collaboratory是由威廉·伍尔夫于1989年提出的概念，它被定义为一个没有界限的中心，国家的研究人员可以在其中进行研究，无需受限于物理位置，能够与同事互动，访问仪器、共享数据和计算资源，并从数字图书馆中获取信息。

1991年，Laurence C. Rosenberg认为Collaboratory是一个实验和实证研究环境，在这个环境中，科学家们相互工作和交流，设计系统，参与协作科学，并进行实验以评估和改进系统。这些定义的简化形式将Collaboratory描述为参与者利用计算和通信技术访问共享仪器和数据，并与他人进行沟通的环境。

1998年，Sara Ann Bly对这一定义进行了进一步细化，将Collaboratory描述为一个系统，将整个科学界的利益与计算机科学和工程界的利益结合起来，以创建集成的、面向工具的计算和通信系统，以支持科学合作。

2003年，Derrick L. Cogburn提供了一个更广泛的定义，指出Collaboratory不仅仅是信息和通信技术的整合，它还是一种新的网络化组织形式，涵盖了社会过程、合作技巧、正式和非正式的沟通，以及达成一致的规范、原则、价值观和规则）。

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