食果啄木鸟属

食果啄木鸟属，是啄木鸟科的一个属。该属包括24个种，其中大多数具有显眼的黑白条纹，夹杂红色与黄色。

## 分类

1832年，威廉·斯温森首次引入食果啄木鸟属以归纳红头啄木鸟（学名：Melanerpes erythrocephalus）。食果啄木鸟属属于食果啄木鸟族，后者还包括吸汁啄木鸟属的北美吸汁啄木鸟和古巴绿啄木鸟属。

## 特征

食果啄木鸟属中的鸟类体格介于小和中等之间，仅分布于新大陆。其中部分物种是西印度群岛的特有种。one subspecies, the Grand Bahama West Indian woodpecker (M. superciliaris bahamensis) became extinct in the 1950s. The majority of the species are from Central and South America. Most species are boldly marked in black and white, with some areas of red and yellow. The beaks are long and pointed, and sometimes curved. The sexes differ in many species, both in colour and in size.

Some species such as the acorn woodpecker and the yellow-tufted woodpecker are sociable, foraging in groups, communicating vocally and nesting communally. These have complex breeding systems including some non-breeding adult helpers assisting in rearing the young. Like other woodpeckers, insects form a large part of the diet, being caught on the wing in some species, but fruit is also eaten in large quantities and some species consume 树液. They all nest in holes that they excavate in trees, and the red-crowned woodpecker and the Hoffmann's woodpecker are unusual in that they sometimes enter their holes backwards.

## 物种

该属其中包括了25个种类:

照片｜中文译名｜学名｜主要分布

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｜白啄木｜Melanerpes candidus｜Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina.

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｜刘易氏啄木｜Melanerpes lewis｜western and central United States

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｜瓜德鲁普啄木｜Melanerpes herminieri｜Guadeloupe archipelago

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｜Puerto Rican woodpecker｜Melanerpes portoricensis｜Puerto Rico

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｜红头啄木鸟｜Melanerpes erythrocephalus｜southern Canada and the east-central United States.

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｜Acorn woodpecker｜Melanerpes formicivorus｜Oregon, California, and the southwestern United States, south through Central America to Colombia.

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｜Yellow-tufted woodpecker｜Melanerpes cruentatus｜Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

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｜Yellow-fronted woodpecker｜Melanerpes flavifrons｜Brazil, Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina.

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｜Golden-naped woodpecker｜Melanerpes chrysauchen｜Costa Rica and western Panama

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｜Beautiful woodpecker｜Melanerpes pulcher｜Colombia.

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｜Black-cheeked woodpecker｜Melanerpes pucherani｜southeastern Mexico south to western Ecuador.

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｜白额啄木鸟｜Melanerpes cactorum｜Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina.

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｜Hispaniolan woodpecker｜Melanerpes striatus｜Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic)

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｜Jamaican woodpecker｜Melanerpes radiolatus｜Jamaica.

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｜Golden-cheeked woodpecker｜Melanerpes chrysogenys｜Mexico

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｜Grey-breasted woodpecker｜Melanerpes hypopolius｜southwestern Mexico.

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｜Yucatan woodpecker｜Melanerpes pygmaeus｜Belize and Mexico

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｜Red-crowned woodpecker｜Melanerpes rubricapillus｜Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and Tobago.

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｜Gila woodpecker｜Melanerpes uropygialis｜southwestern United States and western Mexico.

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｜Hoffmann's woodpecker｜Melanerpes hoffmannii｜southern Honduras south to Costa Rica

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｜金额啄木鸟｜Melanerpes aurifrons｜Texas and Oklahoma in the United States through Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and northern Nicaragua.

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｜Velasquez's woodpecker｜Melanerpes santacruzi｜southern Mexico and parts of Central America.

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｜红腹啄木鸟｜Melanerpes carolinus｜eastern United States

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｜大红腹啄木鸟｜Melanerpes superciliaris｜Bahamas, the Cayman Islands and Cuba.

- Melanerpes shawi (extinct: Late Pleistocene)

## 基本资料

- 说明：红腹啄木鸟 (Melanerpes carolinus)
- 学名：Melanerpes
- 命名者：威廉·斯温森, 1832
- 模式种：红头啄木鸟
- type_species_authority：Linnaeus, 1758
- subdivision_ranks：Species
- 栽培群成员：See text