齿轮螺科

齿轮螺科（Tornidae）WoRMS_124是玉黍螺目的一个科级海洋腹足纲软体动物，其物种皆为体型非常细小的有螺厣海螺。此外，Iredale认为本科亦应包括原来属于扁螺科（Adeorbidae Monterosato, 1884）的物种。

根据ITIS，现时属于齿轮螺科的属，除了齿轮螺属以外，其他的全属玻璃螺科（Vitrinellidae Bush, 1897）。玻璃螺科过往在2005年的分类曾被认为是齿轮螺科的异名，但在2017年的分类又再分别出来。

## 形态描述

本科物种皆为微小贝，无色，呈玻璃状。螺壳扁平，螺层少，有脐孔，耳状。壳口倾斜；有螺厣，角质，有偏心核。螺壳有简单的小螺柱，圆形，外唇尖。

本科物种的身体与钟螺科的物种不同：其腹足没有带状附肢。齿舌属于纽舌型。

## 分类

### 2005年分类

根据2005年《布歇和罗克鲁瓦的腹足类分类》，本科可分为以下四个亚科：

- Circulinae Fretter & Graham, 1962
- Torninae Sacco, 1896 (1884)
- Teinostomatinae Cossmann, 1917：2021年升为独立科Teinostomatidae
- 玻璃螺亚科（Vitrinellinae Bush, 1897）

不过后来这些亚科都被视为“另类表达形式”。

这四个亚科所包括的属如下：

玻璃螺亚科（Vitrinellinae Bush, 1897）

- Cyclostremiscus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945

Subfamily Circulinae

- Jeffreys, 1865

Subfamily ?

- Anticlimax (gastropod) Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946
- Aorotrema Schwengel & McGinty, 1942
- Canimarina Aguayo & Borro, 1946
- Caperella Laseron, 1958
- 圆盘螺属 Circlotoma Laseron, 1958
- Circulter Laseron, 1958
- Cochliolepis Stimpson, 1958
- Discopsis de Folin, 1870
- Discreliotia Laseron, 1958
- Elachorbis Iredale, 1914
- Episcynia Mörch, 1875
- 入节螺属 Esmeralda Pilsbry et Olsson, 1952
- Laciniorbis Martens, 1897
- Lydiphnis Melvill, 1906
- Moeniatoma Laseron, 1958
- Neusas Warén & Bouchet, 2001
- Ovini Simone, 2013
- Panastoma Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
- Parviturboides Pilsbry & McGinty, 1949
- Peripitoma Laseron, 1958
- Pleuromalaxis Pilsbry & McGinty, 1945
- Ponderinella Marshall, 1988
- 齿轮螺属 Pseudoliotia Tate, 1898
- Pygmaeorota Kuroda & Habe, 1952
- Scissilabra Bartsch, 1907
- Scrupus Finlay, 1927
- Sigaretornus Iredale, 1936
- Solariorbis Conrad, 1865
- Teinostoma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
- Tholostoma Laseron, 1958
- Tornus (gastropod) Turton & Kingston, 1830
- Uzumakiella Habe, 1958
- Vitridomus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
- 玻璃螺属 玻璃螺属 C.B. Adams, 1850
- Vitrinorbis Pilsbry & Olsson, 1952
- Woodringilla Pilsbry & Olsson, 1951

异名

- Adeorbis S.V. Wood, 1842: synonym of Tornus Turton & Kingston, 1830
- Climacia Dall, 1903: synonym of Anticlimax Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946
- Climacina Aguayo & Borro, 1946: synonym of Anticlimax Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946
- Liochrysta Laseron, 1958: synonym of Pseudoliotia Tate, 1898
- Lioprora Laseron, 1958: synonym of Canimarina Aguayo & Borro, 1946
- Miralabrum Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945: synonym of Cyclostremiscus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
- Ponocyclus Pilsbry, 1953: synonym of Cyclostremiscus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
- Pseudorotella P. Fischer, 1857: synonym of Teinostoma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
- Pygmaerota Kuroda & Habe, 1952: synonym of Pygmaeorota Kuroda & Habe, 1954
- Soyorota Habe, 1961: synonym of Circulus Jeffreys, 1865
- Tinostoma P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Teinostoma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853

### 2017年分类

根据2017年《布歇等人的腹足类分类》，玻璃螺科（Vitrinellidae Bush, 1897）又再被重新设立。玻璃螺科包括下列三个属：

- Cyclostremiscus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945
- 玻璃螺属 玻璃螺属 C.B. Adams, 1850

## 参考文献

- Adam W. & Knudsen J. (1969). Quelques genres de mollusques prosobranches marins ou peu connus de l'Afrique occidentale. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 44(27): 1-69
- Backeljau, T. (1986). Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp.
- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.
- Rolán E. & Rubio F. 2002. The family Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the East Atlantic. Resenas Malacologicas 13 (Suplemento), 98 pp. Sociedad Española de Malacología
- Rubio, F., Fernandez-Garcés, R. & Rolán, E., 2011. The family Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean and neighboring areas. Iberus 29(2): 1-230
- Arthur William Baden Powell, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
- ZipCodeZoo

## 基本资料

- 说明：Ventral view of a shell of Elachorbis tatei
- 学名：Tornidae
- 命名者：Sacco, 1896 (1884)
- subdivision_ranks：属
- 栽培群成员：见内文
- 异名：扁螺科 Adeorbidae Monterosato, 1884