达尔文奖章

达尔文奖章（Darwin Medal）是英国皇家学会颁发的奖项，表扬“查尔斯·达尔文对于生物学领域公认贡献，特别是进化、种群生物学、有机体生物学和生物多样性方面”。该奖项于1890年首次颁发，旨在纪念查尔斯·达尔文，得主可获得2,000英镑奖金（截至2016年）。此奖项在2018年之前每两年颁发一次，之后改为每年一次。

达尔文奖章与大多数皇家学会颁发奖章一样，开放英联邦或爱尔兰候选人。

## 历届得主

年度｜图像｜得主｜得奖原因｜备注

1890年｜

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｜阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士｜"For his independent origination of the theory of the origin of species by natural selection."

1892年｜

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｜约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克｜"On account of his important contributions to the progress of systematic botany, as evidenced by the "Genera Plantarum" and the "Flora Indica"; but more especially on account of his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in the studies preliminary to the "Origin of Species"."

1894年｜

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｜托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎｜"For his researches in comparative anatomy, and especially for his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in relation to the "Origin of Species"."

1896年｜

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｜乔凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·格拉西｜"For his researches on the life history and societies of the Termitidae, and on the developmental relationship between Leptocephalus and the common eel and other muraenidae."

1898年｜

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｜卡尔·皮尔逊｜"For his work on the quantitative treatment of biological problems."

1900年｜

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｜恩斯特·海克尔｜"For his long-continued and highly important work in zoology all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism."

1902年｜

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｜法兰西斯·高尔顿｜"For his numerous contributions to the exact study of heredity & variation contained in "Hereditary Genius", "Natural Inheritance", and other writings."

1904年｜

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｜威廉·贝特森｜"For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and heredity."

1906年｜

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｜胡戈·德弗里斯｜"On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity & Variation."

1908年｜

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｜奥古斯特·魏斯曼｜"On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection."

1910年｜

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｜罗兰·特里门｜"On the ground of his South African bionomic researches, in large part undertaken as the outcome of correspondence with Charles Darwin."

1912年｜

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｜弗朗西斯·达尔文｜"On the ground of his work in conjunction with Charles Darwin, and his researches in vegetable physiology."

1914年｜

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｜爱德华·巴格诺尔·波尔顿｜"On the ground of his researches in heredity."

1916年｜

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｜伊夫·德拉热｜"On the ground of researches in zoology and biology."

1918年｜

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｜亨利·费尔费尔德·奥斯本｜"For his valuable researches on vertebrate morphology and palaeontology."

1920年｜

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｜"On the ground of his work on scientific principles applied to the breeding of plants."

1922年｜"For his researches in the science of genetics."

1924年｜

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｜托马斯·亨特·摩尔根｜"For his valuable work in zoology and more especially his researches on heredity and cytology."

1926年｜

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｜达金菲尔德·亨利·斯科特｜"For his contributions to palaeophytology, particularly in relation to the period of coal."

1928年｜

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｜"For the eminence of his contributions to ecological botany."

1930年｜

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｜恩斯特·施密特｜"For his work on extended oceanographical expeditions; and for his genetic studies in animals and plants."

1932年｜

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｜卡尔·科伦斯｜"As one of the three independent discoverers of Mendels publications; and for his distinguished researches in genetics."

1934年｜

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｜阿尔伯特·查尔斯·苏厄德｜"In recognition of his work as a palaeobotanist."

1936年｜"In recognition of his long continued work for the advancement of marine biology, not only by his own researches but by the great influence he has exerted on very numerous investigations at Plymouth."

1938年｜

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｜"In recognition of his work of acknowledged distinction in the field in which Darwin himself laboured."

1940年｜

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｜詹姆斯·彼得·希尔｜"For his contributions to the solution of problems bearing on the inter-relationships of the main groups of the Mammalia and on the phylogenetic history of the primates, a subject with which Charles Darwin himself was much concerned."

1942年｜D·M·S·沃特森｜"In recognition of his researches on primitive fishes and amphibians which have much advanced the knowledge of the evolution of these groups of animals."

1944年｜

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｜约翰·斯坦利·加德纳｜"In recognition of his work on coral reefs and on the organisms associated with such habitats."

1946年｜达西·汤普森｜"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development of biology."

1948年｜

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｜罗纳德·爱尔默·费雪｜"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of natural selection, the concept of its gene complex and the evolution of dominance."

1950年｜

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｜"For his distinguished contributions to the study of algology."

1952年｜

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｜约翰·伯顿·桑德森·霍尔丹｜"In recognition of his initiation of the modern phase of the study of the evolution of living populations."

1954年｜E·B·福特｜"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the genetical theory of evolution by natural selection, particularly in natural populations."

1956年｜

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｜朱利安·赫胥黎｜"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the study and theory of evolution."

1958年｜加文·德·比尔｜"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology."

1960年｜E·J·H·科纳｜"In recognition of his distinguished and strikingly original botanical work in tropical forests."

1962年｜乔治·盖洛德·辛普森｜"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to general evolutionary theory, based on a profound study of palaeontology, particularly of vertebrates."

1964年｜"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of cytology and genetics."

1966年｜哈罗德·M·福克斯｜"In recognition of his distinguished and extensive contributions in the field of invertebrate zoology and to our understanding of general biological phenomena."

1968年｜"In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology, particularly of the mollusca."

1970年｜查尔斯·艾尔顿｜"In recognition of the basic concepts he has contributed to the study of animal ecology which, with his foundation of the Bureau of Animal Population, have had international impact."

1972年｜戴维·赖克｜"In recognition of his distinguished and numerous contributions to ornithology and to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms."

1974年｜"In recognition of his outstanding work on natural populations of butterflies, describing and explaining the operation of natural selection and demonstrating the genetic basis upon which selection operates."

1976年｜"In recognition of her discovery of and continuing work on chemical mutagenesis."

1978年｜

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｜"In recognition of his discovery of somatic recombination in fungi which led to the elucidation of an important type of genetic variation."

1980年｜休厄尔·赖特｜"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to genetics and evolutionary theory."

1982年｜"In recognition of their major contributions to plant physiology including fundamental studies on insectivorous plants, much of this research carried out jointly."

1984年｜恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔｜"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology."

1986年｜约翰·梅纳德·史密斯｜"In recognition of his outstanding success in combining mathematics with biology to enhance our understanding of evolution, in particular the evolution of sex."

1988年｜威廉·唐纳·汉弥尔顿｜"In recognition of his distinguished work on evolutionary theory. His contributions include the theory of kin selection to account for altruistic behaviour and the theoretical demonstration of a link between disease resistance and the evolution of sex."

1990年｜"For his research on the population biology and evolution of plants which has greatly improved understanding of the adaptation of plants to their environment."

1992年｜木村资生｜"Distinguished for his work on molecular evolution, in particular on the role of stochastic events in determining the rate of evolution."

1994年｜彼得·劳伦斯｜"In recognition of his analysis of pattern formation during insect segmentation, and of his contribution to understanding how genetic processes specify spatial information."

1996年｜约翰·苏尔斯顿｜"In recognition of his leadership in the study of genome analysis with the potential to have a profound impact on the whole of biology."

1998年｜"In recognition of their work on cereal genome organisation and evolution which has revolutionised cereal genetics by showing that the genetics of all the different cereals can be considered in a common framework."

2000年｜布赖恩·查尔斯沃思｜"In recognition of his distinguished work on selection in age-structured populations, extending the theory to the evolution of ageing, and testing the theories of mutation accumulation and pleiotropy, developing models for the evolution of genetic systems, including sex and recombination, inbreeding and outbreeding, separate sexes and sex chromosomes, segregation distortion and repetitive DNA."

2002年｜""

2004年｜恩里科·科恩｜"for their ground-breaking discoveries about the control of flower development. They have combined molecular and genetic approaches to answer some of Darwins key questions about the natural variation of floral form and the evolution of floral development."

罗斯玛丽·卡彭特

2006年｜尼克·巴顿｜"for his major and extensive contributions to evolutionary biology, characterised by the application of sophisticated mathematical analysis but focussed on developing biological understanding rather than mathematical niceties."

2008年｜""

2010年｜布莱恩·坎贝尔·克拉克｜"for his original and influential contributions to our understanding of the genetic basis of evolution."

2012年｜""

2014年｜

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｜约翰·D·萨瑟兰｜"for his novel and convincing work on prebiotic chemistry, in particular his solution to the central problem of nucleoside synthesis."

2016年｜

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｜卡洛琳·迪恩｜"for her work addressing fundamental questions in the perception of temperature cues and how modifications in epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in adaptation."

2018年｜"for his contribution to our understanding of the genetics of quantitative traits and response to selection."

2019年｜彼得·W·H·霍兰｜"for his work with many organisms and genes elucidating key aspects of how changes in the genome influence evolution of animal development"

2020年｜"for outstanding contributions to genetics and epigenetics, including defining the role of RNA interference in inherited gene silencing and in genomic stability in the germ line."

2021年｜"for major and fundamental contributions to the understanding of the how species originate, adaptive radiations develop, and geographical patterns of biodiversity emerge and are maintained."

2022年｜马丁·恩布利｜"for his fundamental, paradigm-changing contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial endosymbiosis and the origins of eukaryotes in a new two-domain tree of life."

2023年｜"for his pioneering contributions to somatic evolution, including some of the most creative and influential studies of evolution in cancer and normal tissues."

2024年｜"for his work addressing the origins and evolution of HIV and the malaria parasite Plasmodium."