英语不规则动词

英语中有大约 200 个规则动词和不规则动词，如果把前缀派生词也计算在内的话，则会更多。在大多数情况下，不规则动词的不规则性体现在过去式和过去分词上。

通常来说，不规则动词的第三人称单数和现在分词的屈折变化（分别是加 -es 或 -ing 后缀）是规则的，但也有一些例外：如动词 be, have, do, go, say 等。有些情态动词则没有部分屈折形态。

英语中的不规则动词包含了日常生活中最常用的动词。英语中的新词（如外来词）往往遵循一般的屈折变化，除非它们的词根是一个不规则动词（如 housesit 遵循和 sit 一样的不规则屈折变化）。

现代英语中的大部分的不规则动词由日耳曼语强变化动词派生而来，这些动词往往通过元音变换来体现屈折形式，比如现代英语中 sing-sang-sung。相对的，规则动词在词尾加 -ed 的屈折变化，则是来源于日耳曼语弱变化动词在词尾加齿音（-t 或 -d）的习惯。

有关动词英语中规则动词变位的信息，可参见英语动词条目。

## 列表

本列表包含185个现代英语中常用的不规则动词。罕用、仅在方言中使用、现今不再使用、透过给基础动词加上前缀形成的动词（如 unbend、 understand,、mistak等，收录在第二个表格中）不包含在内。不收录非限定动词（如 clad, sodden 等）

以下列表中，加底线的变体代表其为较少使用的变体。

过去式/过去分词不规则 – 第一表

- B
- be (am、is、are) – was (were) – been
- bear – bore – borne/bore
- beat – beat – beaten
- begin – began – begun
- bend – bent – bent
- bet – bet – bet
- bid – bade/bid – bidden/bid
- bide – bided/bode – bided
- bind – bound – bound
- bite – bit – bitten
- bleed – bled – bled
- blend – blended/blent – blended/blent
- blow – blew – blown
- bless – blest/blessed – blest/blessed
- break – broke – broken
- breed – bred – bred
- bring – brought – brought
- build – built – built
- burn – burnt/burned – burnt/burned
- burst – burst – burst
- buy – bought – bought
- C
- can – could/canned– canned
- cast – cast – cast
- catch – caught – caught
- chide – chided/chid – chided/chid/chidden
- choose – chose – chosen
- clad – clad/cladded – clad/cladded
- cleave – clove/cleft/cleaved – cloven/cleft/cleaved
- cling – clung – clung
- clothe – clothed/clad – clothed/clad
- come – came – come
- cost – cost – cost
- creep – crept/creeped – crept/creeped
- crow – crowed/crew – crowed
- cut – cut – cut
- D
- deal – dealt – dealt
- dig – dug – dug
- dive – dived/dove – dived/dove
- do (does）– did – done
- draw – drew – drawn
- dream – dreamed/dreamt – dreamed/dreamt
- drink – drank – drunk
- drive – drove – driven
- dwell – dwelt/dwelled – dwelt/dwelled
- E
- eat – ate – eaten
- F
- fall – fell – fallen
- feed – fed – fed
- feel – felt – felt
- fight – fought – fought
- find – found – found
- fit – fit/fitted – fit/fitted
- flee – fled – fled
- fling – flung – flung
- fly – flew – flown
- forsake – forsook – forsaken
- freeze – froze – frozen
- G
- get – got – gotten/got
- gild – gilded/gilt – gilded/gilt
- give – gave – given
- go – went – gone
- grind – ground – ground
- grow – grew – grown
- H
- hang – hung/hanged – hung/hanged
- have (has) – had – had
- hear – heard – heard
- hew – hewed – hewn/hewed
- hide – hid – hidden
- hit – hit – hit
- hold – held – held
- hurt – hurt – hurt
- K
- keep – kept – kept
- kneel – knelt/kneeled – knelt/kneeled
- knit – knit/knitted – knit/knitted
- know – knew – known
- L
- lay – laid – laid
- lead – led – led
- lean – leaned/leant – leaned/leant
- leap – leaped/leapt – leaped/leapt
- learn – learned/learnt – learned/learnt
- leave – left – left
- lend – lent – lent
- let – let – let
- lie – lay/lied – lain/lied
- light – lit/lighted – lit/lighted
- lose – lost – lost
- M
- make – made – made
- may – might – 缺
- mean – meant – meant
- meet – met – met
- mow – mowed – mowed/mown
- P
- pay – paid – paid
- plead – pleaded/pled – pleaded/pled
- prove – proved – proved/proven
- put – put – put
- Q
- quit – quit – quit
- R
- read（/riːd/）– read（/rɛd/）– read（/rɛd/）
- rend – rent – rent
- rid – rid/ridded – rid/ridded
- ride – rode – ridden
- ring – rang – rung
- rise – rose – risen
- run – ran – run
- S
- saw – sawed – sawn/sawed
- say (says /sɛz/) – said – said
- see – saw – seen
- seek – sought – sought
- sell – sold – sold
- send – sent – sent
- set – set – set
- sew – sewed – sewn/sewed
- shake – shook – shaken
- shall – should – 缺
- shear – sheared – shorn/sheared
- shed – shed – shed
- shine – shone/shined – shone/shined
- shit – shat/shit/shitted – shat/shit/shitted
- shoe – shoed/shod – shoed/shod
- shoot – shot – shot
- show – showed – shown/showed
- shrink – shrank/shrunk – shrunk
- shrive – shrove – shriven
- shut – shut – shut
- sing – sang – sung
- sink – sank – sunk
- sit – sat – sat
- slay – slew/slayed – slain/slayed
- sleep – slept – slept
- slide – slid – slid
- sling – slung – slung
- slink – slunk – slunk
- slit – slit – slit
- smell – smelled/smelt – smelled/smelt
- smite – smote – smitten
- sneak – sneaked/snuck – sneaked/snuck
- sow – sowed – sown/sowed
- speak – spoke – spoken
- speed – sped/speeded – sped/speeded
- spell – spelled/spelt – spelled/spelt
- spend – spent – spent
- spill – spilled/spilt – spilled/spilt
- spin – spun – spun
- spit – spat/spitted/spit – spat/spitted/spit
- split – split – split
- spoil – spoiled/spoilt – spoiled/spoilt
- spread – spread – spread
- spring – sprang/sprung – sprung
- stay – stayed/staid – stayed/staid
- stand – stood – stood
- stave – staved/stove – staved/stove
- steal – stole – stolen
- stick – stuck – stuck
- sting – stung – stung
- stink – stank – stunk
- strew – strewed – strewn/strewed
- stride – strode – stridden
- strike – struck – struck/stricken
- string – strung – strung
- strive – strove/strived – striven/strived
- swear – swore – sworn
- sweat – sweated/sweat – sweated/sweat
- sweep – swept – swept
- swell – swelled – swollen/swelled
- swim – swam – swum
- swing – swung – swung
- T
- take – took – taken
- teach – taught – taught
- tear – tore/teared– torn/teared
- tell – told – told
- text – texted/text – texted/text
- think – thought – thought
- thrive – thrived/throve – thrived/thriven
- throw – threw – thrown
- thrust – thrust – thrust
- tread – trod/treaded – trodden/trod/treaded
- W
- wake – woke – woken
- wear – wore – worn
- weave – wove/weaved –wove/woven/weaved
- wed – wed/wedded – wed/wedded
- weep – wept – wept
- wet – wet/wetted – wet/wetted
- will – would – 缺
- win – won – won
- wind – wound – wound
- wring – wrung – wrung
- write – wrote – written

现在式不规则 – 第一表

- B
- be – am/are/is
- D
- do – does
- H
- have – has
- S
- say ( /se/ ) – says ( /sɛz/ )

下表为标准英语所规范的207个（包含37个派生动词）个不规则动词。

过去式/过去分词不规则 – 第二表

- A
- arise – arose – arisen
- awake – awoke – awoken
- B
- become – became – become
- befall – befell – befallen
- beget – begot – begotten
- behold – beheld – beheld
- beset – beset – beset
- be (am、is、are) – was (were) – been
- bear – bore – borne
- beat – beat – beaten
- begin – began – begun
- bend – bent – bent
- beseech – besought – besought
- bet – bet – bet
- beware – 缺 – 缺
- bid – bid – bid
- bind – bound – bound
- bite – bit – bitten
- bleed – bled – bled
- blow – blew – blown
- break – broke – broken
- breed – bred – bred
- bring – brought – brought
- build – built – built
- burst – burst – burst
- buy – bought – bought
- C
- can – could/canned– canned
- cast – cast – cast
- catch – caught – caught
- chide – chided – chidden
- choose – chose – chosen
- cleave – clove/cleaved – cloven/cleaved
- cling – clung – clung
- come – came – come
- cost – cost – cost
- creep – crept – crept
- cut – cut – cut
- D
- dare – 缺 – 缺
- deal – dealt – dealt
- dig – dug – dug
- do (does）– did – done
- draw – drew – drawn
- drink – drank – drunk
- drive – drove – driven
- dwell – dwelt – dwelt
- E
- eat – ate – eaten
- F
- forbear – forbore – forborne
- foretell – foretold – foretold
- forgo – forwent – forgone
- foresee – forsaw – forseen
- foreshow – foreshowed – foreshown
- fall – fell – fallen
- feed – fed – fed
- feel – felt – felt
- fight – fought – fought
- find – found – found
- flee – fled – fled
- fling – flung – flung
- fly – flew – flown
- forsake – forsook – forsaken
- freeze – froze – frozen
- G
- get – got – got
- give – gave – given
- gird – girded – girt/girded
- go – went – gone
- grind – ground – ground
- grow – grew – grown
- H
- hang – hung – hung
- have (has) – had – had
- hear – heard – heard
- hew – hewed – hewn
- hide – hid – hidden
- hit – hit – hit
- hold – held – held
- hurt – hurt – hurt
- I
- inlay – inlaid – inlaid
- input – input – input
- interlay – interlaid – interlaid
- interweave – interwove – interwoven
- K
- keep – kept – kept
- kneel – knelt – knelt
- know – knew – known
- L
- lade – laded – laden
- lay – laid – laid
- lead – led – led
- leave – left – left
- lend – lent – lent
- let – let – let
- lie – lay – lain
- light – lit – lit
- lose – lost – lost
- M
- mislead – misled – misled
- misspeak – misspoke – misspoken
- mistake – mistook – mistaken
- misunderstand – misunderstood – misunderstood
- make – made – made
- may – might – 缺
- mean – meant – meant
- meet – met – met
- mow – mowed – mown
- must – 缺 – 缺
- O
- offset – offset – offset
- overbid – overbid – overbid
- overdo – overdid – overdone
- ought – 缺 – 缺
- owe – ought/owed – owed
- P
- prepay – prepaid – prepaid
- preset – preset – preset
- pay – paid – paid
- prove – proved – proven
- put – put – put
- Q
- quit – quit – quit
- R
- redo – redid – redone
- remake – remade – remade
- rewrite – rewrote – rewritten
- read（/riːd/）– read（/rɛd/）– read（/rɛd/）
- rend – rent – rent
- rid – rid – rid
- ride – rode – ridden
- ring – rang – rung
- rise – rose – risen
- rive – rived – rived/riven
- run – ran – run
- S
- saw – sawed – sawn
- say (says /sɛz/) – said – said
- see – saw – seen
- seek – sought – sought
- sell – sold – sold
- send – sent – sent
- set – set – set
- sew – sewed – sewn
- shake – shook – shaken
- shall – should – 缺
- shear – sheared – shorn
- shed – shed – shed
- shine – shone – shone
- shoe – shod – shod
- shoot – shot – shot
- show – showed – shown
- shrink – shrank – shrunk
- shrive – shrove – shriven
- shut – shut – shut
- sing – sang – sung
- sink – sank – sunk
- sit – sat – sat
- slay – slew – slain
- sleep – slept – slept
- slide – slid – slid
- sling – slung – slung
- slink – slunk – slunk
- slit – slit – slit
- smell – smelt – smelt
- smite – smote – smitten
- sow – sowed – sown
- speak – spoke – spoken
- speed – sped – sped
- spend – spent – spent
- spill – spilt – spilt
- spin – spun – spun
- spit – spat/spitted – spat/spitted
- split – split – split
- spoil – spoilt – spoilt
- spread – spread – spread
- spring – sprang – sprung
- stand – stood – stood
- stave – staved/stove – staved/stove
- steal – stole – stolen
- stick – stuck – stuck
- sting – stung – stung
- stink – stank – stunk
- strew – strewed – strewn
- stride – strode – stridden
- strike – struck – struck
- string – strung – strung
- strive – strove – striven
- swear – swore – sworn
- sweep – swept – swept
- swell – swelled – swollen
- swim – swam – swum
- swing – swung – swung
- T
- take – took – taken
- teach – taught – taught
- tear – tore– torn
- tell – told – told
- think – thought – thought
- thrive – thrived – thriven
- throw – threw – thrown
- thrust – thrust – thrust
- tread – trod – trodden
- U
- un:：
- unbend – unbent – unbent
- unweave – unwove – unwoven
- underlie – underlay – underlain
- understand – understood – understood
- undertake – undertook – undertook
- upset – upset – upset
- W
- withdraw – withdrew – withdrawn
- withhold – withheld – withheld
- withstand – withstood – withstood
- wake – woke – woken
- wear – wore – worn
- weave – wove/weaved – woven/weaved
- wed – wed – wed
- weep – wept – wept
- wet – wet – wet
- will – would – 缺
- win – won – won
- wind – wound – wound
- wring – wrung – wrung
- write – wrote – written

现在式不规则 – 第二表

- B
- be – am/are/is
- D
- do – does
- H
- have – has
- S
- say ( /se/ ) – says ( /sɛz/ )

英语前35常用动词整理

下表为英语前35常用动词是否为不规则动词的表格整理。

排名｜单字｜是否为

不规则｜强变化

动词

1｜be｜是｜否

2｜have

3｜do

4｜say

5｜get

6｜make

7｜go｜混合型

8｜know｜是

9｜take

10｜see

11｜come

12｜think｜否

13｜look｜否

14｜want

15｜give｜是｜是

16｜use｜否｜否

17｜find｜是

18｜tell

19｜ask｜否

20｜work

21｜seem

22｜feel｜是

23｜try｜否

24｜leave｜是

25｜call｜否

26｜put｜是

27｜keep

28｜let

29｜begin｜是

30｜help｜否｜否

31｜talk

32｜turn

33｜start

34｜show｜混合型｜是

35｜hear｜是

统计｜前35｜是｜22｜8

否｜12｜26

混合型｜1｜1

前10｜是｜10｜3

否｜0｜6

混合型｜0｜1

美式动词与英式动词部分动词的三态在英式英语与美式英语中存在差异，以下列表整理。

单字｜英式｜美式｜标准英语(牛津字典)｜备注

过去式｜过去分词｜过去式｜过去分词｜过去式｜过去分词

get｜got｜gotten｜got｜gotten为旧有形式，在英国被淘汰，在美国被持续使用

learn｜learnt｜learned｜英式弱化为t，美式又规则化

burn｜burnt｜burned

spell｜spelt｜spelled

dream｜dreamt｜dreamed

smell｜smelt｜smelled｜smelt

spoil｜spoilt｜spoiled｜spoilt

spill｜spilt｜spilled｜spilt

lean｜leant/leaned｜leaned

kneel｜knelt｜kneeled

leap｜leapt｜leaped

dive｜dived｜dove｜dived｜drive类推

plead｜pleaded｜pled/pleaded｜pleaded｜美式口语常用pled

thrive｜throve｜thriven｜thrived｜thriven｜美式规则化

fit｜fit｜fitted/fit｜fitted｜美式规则化

强变化动词和弱变化动词

不规则动词中，有些是古英语强变化的遗留，有些是音变的结果，有些是类推形成的，以下列表整理。

类型｜形式｜例子｜备注

弱变化动词｜音变｜ay – aid – aid｜pay、say、lay

？– a/ought – a/ought｜teach、catch、beseech、seek、think、buy、bring、fight

ee? – e?t /–e?t｜feel、keep、sleep、creep、sweep、weep、leap、kneel、leave、flee

？– (去尾)+t/d – (去尾)+t/d｜burn、learn、dream、spoil、spill、smell、dwell、mean、lose、lend、make、hear、gild、build、bend、lean、leap、gird

音变｜plead

类比影响｜i – u – u｜dig、sneak、string、stick、sling、sneak

i – o – i｜dive

过去分词+n｜prove、sew、show、strew、saw

其他｜wend(go过去式)、show

音变｜无变化动词｜字尾t｜bet、cut、hit、hurt、let、put、set、shut、cost、cast、fit、quit、split、thrust、slit、knit、shit、text、sweat、wet

字尾d｜bid、clad、shed、wed、spread、rid

强变化动词｜字尾t｜burst、let

字尾d｜shed、read(发音不规则）

部分变化残存｜hew、shear、mow、sow、swell

第一类变化｜ride、write、bite、drive

第二类变化｜choose、fly、freeze

第三类变化｜find、bind、drink、swim、sing、spring、wring、ring

第四类变化｜bear、steal、shear

第五类变化｜eat、give、sit、speak、tread、bid

第六类变化｜stand、lade(laden少用)

第七类变化｜blow、know、fall、hold、tell、sell