拟杆菌属

拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）又称类杆菌属，是细菌中的一个属，是人类大肠中的非病原性优势菌种。革兰氏阴性菌。不形成孢子、厌氧和杆状细菌，是人类常驻菌群，同时也是肠道组成的重要基石菌属，与人类具有共生的关系。

拟杆菌属被归类在革兰氏阴性菌和专性厌氧菌中。不同于其他细菌的是，拟杆菌属的细胞膜上带有鞘磷脂。这一细菌种类中以松脆类杆菌较为有名。

## 下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

产酸拟杆菌｜Bacteroides acidifaciens｜Miyamoto and Itoh 2000

Bacteroides amylophilus｜Hamlin and Hungate 1956

Bacteroides asaccharolyticus｜(Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977

Bacteroides barnesiae｜Lan et al., 2006

Bacteroides bivius｜Holdeman and Johnson 1977

Bacteroides buccae｜Holdeman et al., 1982

Bacteroides buccalis｜Shah and Collins 1982

粪拟杆菌｜Bacteroides caccae｜Johnson et al., 1986

Bacteroides caecicola｜Irisawa et al., 2016

Bacteroides caecigallinarum｜Saputra et al., 2015

Bacteroides caecimuris｜Lagkouvardos et al., 2016

多毛拟杆菌｜Bacteroides capillosus｜(Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957

Bacteroides capillus｜Kornman and Holt 1982

Bacteroides cellulosilyticus｜Robert et al., 2007

溶纤维素拟杆菌｜Bacteroides cellulosolvens｜Murray et al., 1984

毛丝鼠拟杆菌｜Bacteroides chinchillae｜Kitahara et al., 2011

Bacteroides clarus｜Watanabe et al., 2010

Bacteroides coagulans｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933

Bacteroides coprocola｜Kitahara et al., 2005

Bacteroides coprophilus｜Hayashi et al., 2007

Bacteroides coprosuis｜Whitehead et al., 2005

Bacteroides corporis｜Johnson and Holdeman 1983

Bacteroides denticola｜Shah and Collins 1982

Bacteroides disiens｜Holdeman and Johnson 1977

Bacteroides distasonis｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933

Bacteroides dorei｜Bakir et al., 2006

埃氏拟杆菌｜Bacteroides eggerthii｜Holdeman and Moore 1974

Bacteroides endodontalis｜van Steenbergen et al., 1984

Bacteroides faecalis｜Yu et al., 2019

Bacteroides faecichinchillae｜Kitahara et al., 2012

Bacteroides faecis｜Kim et al., 2010

Bacteroides faecium｜Kim et al. 2023

Bacteroides finegoldii｜Bakir et al., 2006

Bacteroides fluxus｜Watanabe et al., 2010

福赛斯拟杆菌｜Bacteroides forsythus｜Tanner et al., 1986

脆弱拟杆菌｜Bacteroides fragilis｜(Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani et Chalmers 1919

Bacteroides furcosus｜(Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al., 1937

Bacteroides galacturonicus｜Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987

Bacteroides gallinaceus｜Irisawa et al., 2016，也拼作：Bacteroides gallinaceum

Bacteroides gallinarum｜Lan et al., 2006

Bacteroides gingivalis｜Coykendall et al., 1980

Bacteroides goldsteinii｜Song et al., 2006

纤细拟杆菌｜Bacteroides gracilis｜Tanner et al., 1981

Bacteroides graminisolvens｜Nishiyama et al., 2009

Bacteroides helcogenes｜Benno et al., 1983

Bacteroides heparinolyticus｜Okuda et al., 1985

人脸拟杆菌｜Bacteroides humanifaecis｜Kim et al. 2023

Bacteroides hypermegas｜Harrison and Hansen 1963

Bacteroides intermedius｜(Holdeman and Moore 1970) Johnson and Holdeman 1983

Bacteroides intestinalis｜Bakir et al., 2006

朝鲜拟杆菌｜Bacteroides koreensis｜Shin et al., 2017

Bacteroides kribbi｜Shin et al., 2017

利氏拟杆菌｜Bacteroides levii｜(ex Holdeman et al., 1977) Johnson and Holdeman 1983

Bacteroides loescheii｜Holdeman and Johnson 1982

卢洪洲拟杆菌｜Bacteroides luhongzhouii｜Ge et al. 2021，以卢洪洲的名字命名

Bacteroides luti｜Hatamoto et al., 2014

Bacteroides macacae｜(Slots and Genco 1980) Coykendall et al., 1980

马赛拟杆菌｜Bacteroides massiliensis｜Fenner et al., 2005

产黑色素拟杆菌｜Bacteroides melaninogenicus｜(Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939

屎拟杆菌｜Bacteroides merdae｜Johnson et al., 1986

多形拟杆菌｜Bacteroides multiformis｜Liu et al. 2021

Bacteroides microfusus｜Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978

Bacteroides multiacidus｜Mitsuoka et al., 1974

鼠拟杆菌｜Bacteroides muris｜Fokt et al. 2023

Bacteroides nodosus｜(Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963

Bacteroides nordii｜Song et al., 2005，以卡尔·埃里克·诺德（Carl Erik Nord）的名字命名，他在厌氧细菌学和肠道细菌学方面做出了贡献

Bacteroides ochraceus｜(Prévot et al., 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972

Bacteroides oleiciplenus｜Watanabe et al., 2010

Bacteroides oralis｜Loesche et al., 1964

Bacteroides oris｜Holdeman et al., 1982

Bacteroides oulorum｜Shah et al., 1985

卵形拟杆菌｜Bacteroides ovatus｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933

Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus｜Ueki et al., 2011

Bacteroides pectinophilus｜Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987

Bacteroides pentosaceus｜Shah and Collins 1982

Bacteroides plebeius｜Kitahara et al., 2005

侵肺拟杆菌｜Bacteroides pneumosintes｜(Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970

Bacteroides polypragmatus｜Patel and Breuil 1982

Bacteroides praeacutus｜(Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970

Bacteroides propionicifaciens｜Ueki et al., 2008

Bacteroides putredinis｜(Weinberg et al., 1937) Kelly 1957

Bacteroides pyogenes｜Benno et al., 1983

Bacteroides reticulotermitis｜Sakamoto and Ohkuma 2013

Bacteroides rhinocerotis｜Li et al. 2024

Bacteroides rodentium｜Kitahara et al., 2011

赤拟杆菌｜Bacteroides ruber

Bacteroides ruminicola｜Bryant et al., 1958

Bacteroides salanitronis｜Lan et al., 2006

Bacteroides salivosus｜Love et al., 1987

Bacteroides salyersae｜Song et al., 2005

Bacteroides salyersiae｜corrig. Song et al., 2005

Bacteroides sartorii｜Clavel et al., 2010

Bacteroides splanchnicus｜Werner et al., 1975

Bacteroides stercorirosoris｜Kitahara et al., 2012

粪便拟杆菌｜Bacteroides stercoris｜Johnson et al., 1986

Bacteroides succinogenes｜Hungate 1950

猪拟杆菌｜Bacteroides suis｜Benno et al., 1983

隐蔽拟杆菌｜Bacteroides tectum｜Love et al., 1986

Bacteroides tectus｜corrig. Love et al., 1986

Bacteroides termitidis｜(Sebald, 1962) Holdeman and Moore, 1970

多形拟杆菌｜Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron｜(Distaso 1912) Castellani et Chalmers 1919

帝汶拟杆菌｜Bacteroides timonensis｜Ramasamy et al. 2014

同型拟杆菌｜Bacteroides uniformis｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933，单形拟杆菌

解脲拟杆菌｜Bacteroides urealtyicus

Bacteroides ureolyticus｜Jackson and Goodman 1978

Bacteroides veroralis｜Watabe et al., 1983

Bacteroides vicugnae

普通拟杆菌｜Bacteroides vulgatus｜Eggerth and Gagnon 1933

Bacteroides xylanisolvens｜Chassard et al., 2008

Bacteroides xylanolyticus｜Scholten-Koerselman et al., 1988

张文宏拟杆菌｜Bacteroides zhangwenhongii｜Ge et al. 2021，以张文宏的名字命名

Bacteroides zoogleoformans｜(Weinberg et al., 1937) Cato et al., 1982

## 基本资料

- 说明：以琼脂平板无氧培养下的拟杆菌（Bacteroides spp.）
- 学名：Bacteroides
- 命名者：Castellani & Chalmers, 1919
- 模式种：脆弱拟杆菌、Bacteroides fragilis
- type species authority：(Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani and Chalmers 1919
- subdivision_ranks：物种
- 栽培群成员：见正文