颚针蚁属

颚针蚁属 (Anochetus ) 主要栖息于热带及亚热带地区，少数几种栖息于温带地区，具有触发式大颚 (trap-jaw)，肉食性。姊妹群为锯针蚁属，锯针蚁属和颚针蚁属是锯针蚁族下唯二的成员，Santos et al. (2010) 的研究支持锯针蚁属是由颚针蚁属演化而来的假说。

## 物种描述

具有细长并向前延伸的大颚，能够打开至接近 180°，能够以极快的速度闭合大颚。体型小至中等 (2.9 mm ~ 12 mm)。体色通常较为黯淡，棕色、黑色、红色、黄色，有些物种双色。

## 与易混淆物种的辨别方式

### 与锯针蚁属

锯针蚁属的腹柄节顶端具有一齿，而颚针蚁属的具有两齿或呈圆滑状；锯针蚁属的头部后方具有缝线，呈现倒 V 字形，有时候会稍微内凹，颚针蚁属则呈现倒 U 字形。

### 与瘤颚家蚁

在野外小型的颚针蚁常和瘤颚家蚁搞混，但瘤颚家蚁有两节腹柄节，而颚针蚁只有一节。

## 地区性物种分布

中国和台湾地区共有8种：

- 格拉夫钩猛蚁 Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
- 兰屿钩猛蚁 Anochetus lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
- 长钩猛蚁 Anochetus longus Chen et al. 2019 长颚针蚁
- 马达拉钩猛蚁 Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
- 混杂钩猛蚁 Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
- 墨脱钩猛蚁 Anochetus medogensis Chen et al. 2019 墨脱颚针蚁
- 里氏钩猛蚁 Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
- 小眼钩猛蚁 Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912

## 物种列表

颚针蚁属现生115种，已灭绝8种。化石皆产于多米尼加琥珀。

- Anochetus africanus (Mayr, 1865)
- Anochetus agilis Emery, 1901
- Anochetus alae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus altisquamis Mayr, 1887
- †Anochetus ambiguus De Andrade, 1994
- 安哥拉钩猛蚁 Anochetus angolensis Brown, 1978 安哥拉颚针蚁
- Anochetus armstrongi McAreavey, 1949
- Anochetus avius Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913
- 双刺钩猛蚁 Anochetus bispinosus (Smith, 1858)
- Anochetus boltoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
- †Anochetus brevidentatus MacKay, 1991
- Anochetus brevis Brown, 1978
- Anochetus bytinskii Kugler & Ionescu, 2007
- Anochetus cato Forel, 1901
- Anochetus chirichinii Emery, 1897
- Anochetus chocoensis Fernández, 2008
- †Anochetus conisquamis De Andrade, 1994
- Anochetus consultans (Walker, 1859)
- †Anochetus corayi Baroni Urbani, 1980
- Anochetus cryptus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
- Anochetus daedalus
- Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912
- †Anochetus dubius De Andrade, 1994
- Anochetus elegans Lattke, 1987
- Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius, 1804)
- Anochetus evansi Crawley, 1922
- †Anochetus exstinctus De Andrade, 1994
- Anochetus faurei Arnold, 1948
- Anochetus filicornis (Wheeler, 1929)
- Anochetus fricatus Wilson, 1959
- Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948
- Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
- Anochetus gladiator (Mayr, 1862)
- Anochetus goodmani Fisher & Smith, 2008
- 格拉夫钩猛蚁 Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
- Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891
- Anochetus haytianus Wheeler & Mann, 1914
- Anochetus hohenbergiae Feitosa & Delabie, 2012
- Anochetus horridus Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus inca Wheeler, 1925
- Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971
- Anochetus inermis André, 1889
- †Anochetus intermedius De Andrade, 1994
- Anochetus isolatus Mann, 1919
- Anochetus jonesi Arnold, 1926
- Anochetus kanariensis Forel, 1900
- Anochetus katonae Forel, 1907
- Anochetus kempfi Brown, 1978
- 兰屿钩猛蚁 Anochetus lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
- Anochetus levaillanti Emery, 1895
- Anochetus leyticus Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus longifossatus Mayr, 1897
- Anochetus longispinus Wheeler, 1936
- 长钩猛蚁 Anochetus longus Chen et al. 2019 长颚针蚁
- †Anochetus lucidus De Andrade, 1994
- 马达加斯加钩猛蚁 Anochetus madagascarensis Forel, 1887
- 马达拉钩猛蚁 Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
- Anochetus maryatiae Nuril Aida & Idris, 2011
- Anochetus maynei Forel, 1913
- Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884
- 墨脱钩猛蚁 Anochetus medogensis Chen et al. 2019 墨脱颚针蚁
- Anochetus menozzii Donisthorpe, 1941
- Anochetus micans Brown, 1978
- Anochetus minans Mann, 1922
- Anochetus miserabilis González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008
- 混杂钩猛蚁 Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
- Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932
- Anochetus myops Emery, 1893
- Anochetus natalensis Arnold, 1926
- Anochetus neglectus Emery, 1894
- Anochetus nietneri (Roger, 1861)
- Anochetus obscuratus Santschi, 1911
- Anochetus obscurior Brown, 1978
- Anochetus orchidicola Brown, 1978
- Anochetus oriens Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus orientalis André, 1887
- Anochetus pangantihoni Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus pangens (Walker, 1859)
- Anochetus paripungens Brown, 1978
- Anochetus pattersoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
- Anochetus pellucidus no authors, 1902
- Anochetus peracer Brown, 1978
- Anochetus princeps Emery, 1884
- Anochetus pubescens Brown, 1978
- Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901
- Anochetus pupulatus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus rectangularis Mayr, 1876
- Anochetus renatae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- 里氏钩猛蚁 Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
- Anochetus rossi Donisthorpe, 1949
- Anochetus rothschildi Forel, 1907
- Anochetus rufolatus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus rufostenus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus rufus (Jerdon, 1851)
- Anochetus ruginotus Stitz, 1925
- Anochetus rugosus (Smith, 1857)
- Anochetus schoedli Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884
- 半黑钩猛蚁 Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe, 1943
- Anochetus shohki Terayama, 1996
- Anochetus simoni Emery, 1890
- Anochetus siphneus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu, 1940
- Anochetus striatulus Emery, 1890
- Anochetus strigatellus Brown, 1978
- 小眼钩猛蚁 Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912
- 台湾钩猛蚁 Anochetus taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989 台湾颚针蚁
- Anochetus talpa Forel, 1901
- Anochetus targionii Emery, 1894
- Anochetus testaceus Forel, 1893
- Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904
- Anochetus tua Brown, 1978
- Anochetus turneri Forel, 1900
- Anochetus validus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
- Anochetus vallensis Lattke, 1987
- Anochetus variegatus Donisthorpe, 1938
- Anochetus veronicae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus vexator Kempf, 1964
- 维多利亚钩猛蚁 Anochetus victoriae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012 维多利亚颚针蚁
- Anochetus werneri Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus wiesiae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus yerburyi Forel, 1900
- 云南钩猛蚁 Anochetus yunnanensis Wang, 1993 云南颚针蚁

## 基本资料

- diversity：123 种
- type_species_authority：(Spinola, 1851)
- 模式种：Odontomachus ghilianii
- 说明：Anochetus faurei worker
- 异名：Myrmapatetes Wheeler, 1929、Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862