蜾蠃亚科

蜾蠃亚科（学名：Eumeninae）是胡蜂科之下五个亚科之一，是一类分布于全球的黄蜂，也是胡蜂科之下生物多样性最高的一个亚科。有部分文献将本亚科提升至科级，是为蜾蠃科（学名：Eumenidae）。

## 形态

本亚科物种普遍均为色黑或棕，常带有鲜明的黄色、白色、橙色、红色、甚或上述各色混合的斑纹。

## 习性

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蜾蠃亚科大多数独栖，雌蜂在交配后会选择合适的地点筑巢，并在巢内繁衍后代。蜾蠃亚科物种筑巢方法多样，有些会利用现有由其他鞘翅目或膜翅目物种曾在木块上建立的废弃管道里栖息；也有些会在人工建筑（如：建筑物或电子部件上的钻孔或钉孔）里栖息；但大多数会在地底或地面上利用沙泥筑成巢穴。它们的巢穴不像其他蜂类那样有多室，而是一般只有一个窝室，少数会有多于一个。因此，过往有假设认为蜾蠃亚科物种正处于从独居到的有阶级真社会性结构的过渡期。蜾蠃用来筑巢的泥沙会以反吐出来的水黏合，但有不少物种会用咀嚼过后的植物来黏合。

蜾蠃亚科的雌蜂通常通过分泌毒素麻痹猎物，主要捕食鳞翅目昆虫，将其置于虫室内供孵化幼虫取食，随后用泥块密封虫室和巢口。

## 分类

蜾蠃亚科是胡蜂科五个亚科之中生物多样性最高的一个，蜾蠃亚科的分类。亚科的成员过往亦属于蜾蠃亚科，但近年的研究认为这些物种在存在会令本亚科成为一个并系群，因为将它们抽出来自组一个亚科。

蜾蠃亚科包括以下属：

Abispa｜Mitchell, 1838

Acanthodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1969

Acarodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Acarozumia｜Bequaert, 1921

Afrepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1965

Afreumenes｜Bequaert, 1926

Afrodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1934

Afrogamma｜Giordani Soika, 1987

Afroxanthodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1979

Alastor｜Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841

Alastorynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Alfieria｜Giordani Soika, 1934

Allepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1987

Allodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Allorhynchium｜Vecht, 1963

Alphamenes｜Bertoni, 1934

Ancistroceroides｜Saussure, 1855

Antamenes｜Giordani Soika, 1957

啄蜾蠃属｜Antepipona｜de Saussure, 1855

Anterhynchium｜de Saussure, 1863

Antezumia｜de Saussure, 1875

Antherhynchium

Antodynerus｜Saussure, 1855

Apodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Araucodynerus｜Willink, 1968

Archancistrocerus｜Giordani Soika, 1986

Argentozethus｜Stange, 1979

Aruodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Asiodynerus｜Kurzenko, 1977

Astalor｜Schulthess, 1925

Australodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Australozethus｜Giordani-Soika, 1969

Belonogaster｜de Saussure, 1854

Brachymenes｜Giordani Soika, 1961

Brachyodynerus｜Bluethgen, 1938

Brachypipona｜Gusenleitner, 1967

Calligaster｜de Saussure, 1852

Carinstrocerus｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Catilostenus｜Meunier, 1888

Cephalastor｜Giordani Soika, 1982

Cephalochilus｜Blüthgen, 1939

Cephalodynerus｜Parker, 1965

Chartergus｜Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836

Chelodynerus｜Perkins, 1902

Chlorodynerus｜Bluethgen, 1951

Chlunodynerus Clorodynerus

Coeleumenes｜Vecht, 1963

Coelodynerus

Convextrocerus｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Crassodynerus Crastinocerus Crestocranius

Ctenochilus｜Saussure, 1856

Cuyodynerus｜Willink, 1968

Cyphodynerus

Cyphomenes｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Cyrtalastor｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Cyrteumenes｜Giordani Soika, 1991

细蜾蠃属｜Cyrtolabulus｜Van der Vecht, 1969

Delta｜Saussure, 1855

Deuterodiscoelius｜Dalla Torre, 1904

Diemodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Discoelius｜Latreille, 1809

Dolichodynerus｜Bohart, 1939

外舌蜾蠃属｜Ectopioglossa｜Perkins, 1912

Elimus｜de Saussure, 1852

Elisella｜Soika, 1974

Epiodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1957

Epsilon｜Saussure, 1855

Eremodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1939

Erodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Eudiscoelius｜Friese, 1904

Eumenemorphus｜Gusenleitner, 1995

Eumenestiferus｜Meunier, 1888

Eumenidiopsis｜Giordani Soika, 1939

Eumicrodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1972

Eunortonia｜Carpenter, 1985

Euodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Euodynerus｜Ma, Chen & Li, 2017

Eustenancistrocerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Flammodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Flavoleptus｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Gamma｜Zavattari, 1912

Gastrodynerus｜Bohart, 1984

Gibberhynchium

Gioiella｜Giordani Soika, 1985

Giordania｜Gusenleitner, 1995

Globepipona｜Gusenleitner, 1998

Globodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1987

Gribodia｜Zavattari, 1912

Gymnomerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Harmorhynchium｜Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994

Hemipterochilis

Hemipterochilus｜Ferton, 1909

Hirtocoelius｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Hoplomerus

Hypalastoroides｜Saussure, 1856

Hypancistrocerus｜Saussure, 1855

Incodynerus｜Willink, 1968

Intereuodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1997

Interzumia｜Gusenleitner, 2002

Irianmenes｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Ischnocoelia｜Perkins, 1908

Ischnogasteroides｜Magretti, 1884

Jucancistrocerus｜Bluethgen, 1938

黄斑蜾蠃属｜Katamenes｜Meade-Waldo, 1910

Kennetia

Knemodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1940

Labochilus｜Bluthgen, 1939

小柄蜾蠃属｜Labus｜de Saussure, 1867

Laevimenes｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Lamellodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1999

Latimenes｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Latrodynerus

Leionotus｜Saussure, 1853

Leptocheilus

Leptochiloides｜Bohart, 1940

Leptochilus｜de Saussure, 1853

Leptodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Leptomenes｜Giordani Soika, 1939

Leptomenoides｜Giordani Soika, 1962

细盾蜾蠃属｜Leptomicrodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1985

Leptopterocheilus｜Giordani Soika, 1953

Leucodynerus｜Bohart, 1982

Lissepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1995

Lissodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Macrocalymma｜Perkins, 1908

Malagassodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1992

Malayepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Malgachemenes｜Gusenleitner, 1992

Maricopodynerus｜Viereck, 1908

Mecodynerus

Micreumenes｜Ashmead, 1902

Microdynerus｜Thomson, 1874

Minixi｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Mitrodynerus

Monobia｜de Saussure, 1852

Monodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1982

Montezumia｜de Saussure, 1852

Nannodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Nesodynerus｜Perkins, 1901

Nestocoelius｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Nirtenia｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Nortonia｜de Saussure, 1869

Nortozumia｜Van der Vecht, 1937

Odontodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Okinawepipona｜Yamane, 1987

Omicrabulus｜Giordani Soika, 1987

Omicroides｜Giordani Soika, 1935

Omicron｜de Saussure, 1855

Onychopterocheilus｜Bluethgen, 1955

Orancistrocerus｜Vecht, 1963

奥蜾蠃属｜Oreumenes｜Bequaert, 1926

Oreumenoides｜Giordani Soika, 1961

Ovodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1985

Pachodynerus｜Saussure, 1875

Pachycoelius｜Giordani-Soika, 1969

Pachymenes｜de Saussure, 1852

Pachyminixi｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Parachilus｜Goirdani Soika, 1960

Paragymnomerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Paralastor｜Saussure, 1856

Paraleptomenes｜Giordani Soika, 1970

Paralionotulus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Paramischocyttarus｜Magretti, 1884

Parancistrocerus｜Bequaert, 1925

Paranortonia｜Bertoni, 1934

Pararaphidoglossa｜Zavattari, 1912

旁喙蜾蠃属｜Pararrhynchium｜de Saussure, 1855

Paraslator

Paravespa｜Radoszkowski, 1886

Paravespula｜Blüthgen, 1938

Parazumia｜Saussure, 1855

秀蜾蠃属｜Pareumenes｜de Saussure, 1855

Parifodynerus｜Soika, 1962

Parodontodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Parodynerus｜de Saussure, 1855

Philippodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1996

虎蜾蠃属｜Phimenes｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Pirhosigma｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Plagiolabra｜Schulthess, 1903

Plocancistrocerus

Polistepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Polistes｜Latreille, 1802

Polybia｜Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836

Postepipona｜Soika, 1974

Proepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1977

Protodiscoelius｜Dalla Torre, 1904

Pseudabispa｜Vecht, 1960

Pseudacaromenes｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Pseudagris｜Saussure, 1863

Pseudalastor｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Pseudepipona｜Dalla Torre

Pseudepipona｜Saussure, 1856

Pseudochilus｜Saussure, 1856

Pseudodontodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1939

Pseudodynerus｜de Saussure, 1855

Pseudoleptochilus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Pseudomicrodymerus

Pseudomicrodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Pseudonortonia｜Timon-David, 1944

Pseudopterocheilus｜Perkins, 1901

Pseudosymmorphus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Pseudozethus｜Perkins, 1914

Pseudozumia｜Saussure, 1875

Pseumenes｜Giordani Soika, 1935

Psiliglossa｜S.S.Saunders, 1852

Pterocheilus｜Klug, 1805

Pterochilus

Pteromenes｜Giordani Soika, 1960

Raphiglossa｜S.S.Saunders, 1850

Raphiglossoides｜Giordani Soika, 1936

Rhaphiglossa

Rhynchagris｜Maidl, 1915

Rhynchalastor｜Meade-Waldo, 1910

Rhynchium｜Spinola, 1806

Rotundipetiolus｜Zhang, 1989

Rugomenes｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Rygchium｜Spinola, 1806

Santamenes｜Giordani Soika, 1990

Smeringodynerus｜Snelling, 1975

Sphaeromenes｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Spinilabochilus｜Kurzenko, 1981

Stellepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1973

Stenancistrocerus｜Saussure, 1863

Stenodyneriellus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Stenodynerus｜Saussure, 1864

Stenonartonia｜Giordani Soika, 1973

Stenosigma｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Stroudia｜Gribodo, 1892

Subancistrocerus｜de Saussure, 1855

Symmorphus｜Wesmael, 1836

Synagis

Synagris｜Latreille, 1802

Synargris

Syneuodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1951

Tachyancistrocerus｜Giordani Soika, 1952

Tachymenes｜Giordani Soika, 1983

Trachyodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Tricarinodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1952

Trichodynerus

Tropidodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1939

Tuleara｜Gusenleitner, 2000

Xanthodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1954

Xenorhynchium｜Vecht, 1963

Zeta｜de Saussure, 1855

Zeteumenes｜Bertoni, 1921

Zeteumenidion

Zethus｜Fabricius, 1804

## 生态应用

在农林生态系统中，蜾蠃亚科不仅是农作物的传粉者，还是农林害虫的天敌。

## 图库

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- Eumenes pomiformis

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- Potter's wasp nests, Springdale, AR

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- nest built in a hole bored by a

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- nectaring

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- building nest

## 外部链接

- Eumeninae
- Eumenes spp., potter wasps of Florida on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- Vespidae: Potter wasps; Vespid wasps; Social wasps; Hornets; Paper wasps; Yellowjackets
- Subfamily Eumeninae - Potter and Mason Wasps

## 基本资料

- 说明：Ancistrocerus species
- 学名：Eumeninae
- diversity_link：蜾蠃亚科的分类
- diversity：本亚科有接近200个属、3000个物种。