俄罗斯重命名城市列表

本条目是一个经过重命名的俄罗斯城镇列表。

## 背景

城镇重命名的历史原因包括：

- 十月革命前，一些城市以沙皇或皇室成员（主要是皇后）之名为城市命名，从而导致地区更名，如亚美尼亚古城久姆里于1837年更名为亚历山德罗波尔，以纪念沙皇尼古拉一世的妻子普鲁士的夏洛特公主表示敬意，因为她在皈依了东正教后改名为“亚历山德拉·费奥多罗芙娜”；也有城市以皇室之外的名人来命名，这些人多是为沙俄开拓疆土的冒险家与征服者，如以哈巴罗夫命名的哈巴罗夫斯克（伯力）；此外，俄国边疆地区的一些城市的改名则有彰显沙俄边疆，控制该地的意味，如海参崴于1862年被更名为符拉迪沃斯托克（控制东方）。
- 俄国西部的一些以德语命名或拼读的城市被改成更俄罗斯化的名字，如1914年，按德语拼读的首都圣彼得堡被改为彼得格勒。
- 1917年十月革命后，苏俄境内原本有皇室和俄罗斯沙文主义色彩的城市被改为更有革命性、人民性和民族性的名称，如“皇村”被1918年更名为“儿童村”（今普希金市），库班地区的叶卡捷琳诺达尔1920年更名为克拉斯诺达尔（红色城市），乌克兰的亚历山大罗夫斯克于1921年改为乌克兰传统地名扎波罗热；此外，波罗的海三国和波兰在十月革命后自俄国独立，对本国的俄语地名进行了民族化，这些地名在三国被苏联吞并后仍被保留下来，如爱沙尼亚的列韦里被更改为塔林。
- 十月革命后，俄国城市更名潮中也有以人名命名的，但在列宁逝世前，被命名的人物多为历史人物与烈士，以当代领袖命名的只有以托洛茨基命名的托洛茨克。在此之后，大量苏联城市开始被以领导人的名字来命名，并且因为政治原因，一人命数城和一城历数名现象屡见不鲜。
- 1946年，原属德国的东普鲁士北部地区（柯尼斯堡）成为俄罗斯的加里宁格勒州，原来的德国式地名被更改为俄罗斯式地名，参见东普鲁士城镇列表
- 二战后苏联从日本手中夺取南萨哈林岛和千岛群岛，当地的日本式地名被改为俄罗斯式地名。
- 中苏边界冲突后的1972 - 1973年，远东地区原有的中国式地名被更改为俄罗斯式地名。
- 1991年苏联解体后，原苏联地区再次掀起了一波更名潮，这次一般是恢复原名。

## 列表

在下表中，重命名的年份标注于新名称后的括号中。

- 阿宾斯基 → 阿宾斯克 (1963)
- 阿迪盖斯基 (1969) → 捷乌切日斯克 (1976) → 阿迪格斯克 (1992)
- 阿克赛斯盖亚 → 阿克赛 (1957)
- 亚历山德亚 (1838) → 达霍夫斯基 (1864) → 达霍夫斯基波萨德 (1874) → 索契 (1896)
- 亚历山德罗夫斯克 (1896) → 波利亚尔内 (1939)
- 亚历山德罗夫斯克卡亚 → 亚历山德罗夫卡 → 亚历山德罗夫斯基 (1917) → 亚港 (1918) → 萨哈林岛亚历山德罗夫斯克 (1926)
- 阿列克山德罗夫斯克 (1860) → 阿列克山德罗夫卡(1926) → 克拉斯诺帕蒂赞斯克 (1931) → 古比雪夫卡-伏尔斯托克斯那亚 (1936) → 别洛戈尔斯克 (1957)
- Alexeyevsk (1912) → Svobodny (1917)
- Almetyevo → Almetyevsk
- Antrea → Kamennogorsk (1948)
- Apsheronskaya (1863) → Apsheronsk (1947)
- Armyansky Aul (1839) → Armavir (1848)
- Arzamas-16 (1946) → Kremlyov (1991) → Sarov (1995)
- Astapovo → Lev Tolstoy (1918)
- Balanda → Kalininsk (1962)
- Bashanta → Gorodovikovsk (1971)
- Batalpashinkaya (1804) → Batalpashinsk (1931) → Sulimov (1934) → Yezhovo-Cherkessk (1937) → Cherkessk (1939)
- Beloozero (862) → Belozersk (1777)
- Belorechenskaya (1863) → Belorechensk (1958)
- Beloretsk → Mezhgorye (1995)
- Belotsarsk (1914) → Khem-Beldyr (1918) → Kyzyl (1926)
- Bikinskaya → Bikin
- Biryuch (1905) → Budyonny (1919) → Krasnogvardeyskoye (1958) → Biryuch (2007)
- Bobriki → Donskoy
- Bobriki → Stalinogorsk (1934) → Novomoskovsk (1961)
- Bogdanovo → Spassk → Bednodemyanovsk (1925) → Spassk (2005)
- Bolokhovsky → Bolokhovo
- Bondyuzhsk (1885) → Bondyuzhsky (1928) → Mendeleyevsk (1967)
- Borovskaya Sloboda → Bor (1938)
- Beryozovskoye (Björkö) → Koivisto → Primorsk (1948)
- Chegem Pervy → Chegem
- Chembar → Belinsky (1948)
- Chertanla → Novyy Uzen' (1835) → Novouzensk
- Chesnokovka → Novoaltaysk (1962)
- Chelyabinsk-40 (1945) → Chelyabinsk-65 → Ozyorsk (1994)
- Chelyabinsk-70 → Snezhinsk (1991)
- Chibyu (1929) → Ukhta (1939)
- Chinnay → Krasnogorsk
- Cranz → Zelenogradsk (1945)
- Dalles (1924) → Lesozavodsk (1932)
- Darkehmen → Angerapp (1938) → Ozyorsk (1945)
- Derbinskoye (1880) → Tymovskoye (1945)
- Dmitriyev → Dmitriyev-na-Svape → Dmitriyev
- Dmitrovka (1711) → Dmitrovsk → Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky (1929) → Dmitrovsk (2005)
- Dokshukino (1913) → Nartkala (1967)
- Dolgoprudny → Dirizhablstroy → Dolgoprudny
- Dvigatelstroy → Kaspiysk (1947)
- Dzerzhinsky → Sorsk (1966)
- Elektroperedacha → Elektrogorsk (1946)
- Enso (1887) → Svetogorsk (1948)
- Esutoru → Uglegorsk (1946)
- Fischhausen → Primorsk (1946)
- Friedland → Pravdinsk (1946)
- Galkino-Vrasskoye (1884) → Ochiai (1905) → Dolinsk (1946)
- Goly Karamysh → Baltser → Krasnoarmeysk (1942)
- Gorodetsk → Bezhetsk (1766)
- Gorodok → Zakamensk (1959)
- Grushyovskaya → Gornoye Grushyovskoye → Alexandrovsk-Grushyovsky → Shakhty (1921)
- Gukovsky → Gukovo
- Gumbinnen → Gusev
- Gundorovka (1681) → Donetsk (1955)
- Gzhatsk (1718) → Gagarin (1968)
- Heiliegenbeil → Mamonovo (1945)
- Heinrichswalde → Slavsk
- Iletskaya Zashchita → Iletsk → Iletskoye → Iletskaya Zashchita → Sol-Iletsk
- Iman (1859) → Dalnerechensk (1972)
- Insterburg → Chernyakhovsk (1946)
- Ivanovo-Voznesensk → Ivanovo
- Izhevsky Zavod (1760) → Izhevsk (1807) → Ustinov (1984) → Izhevsk (1987)
- Izhma (1939) → Sosnogorsk (1957)
- Kainsk (1772) → Kuybyshev (1935)
- Kalata (1675) → Kirovgrad (1932)
- Kaliningrad (1938) → Korolyov (1996)
- Kamen → Kamen-na-Obi
- Kamenskaya → Kamensk-Shakhtinsky
- Kamensky Zavod → Kamensk-Uralsky
- Kamyshin (1667) → Dmitriyevsk (1710) → Kamyshin (1780)
- Kasivabora → Severo-Kurilsk
- Khabarovka → Khabarovsk
- Kharovsky → Kharovsk
- Khibinogorsk → Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast
- Khlynov → Vyatka → Kirov
- Khonto (1789) → Nevelsk (1947)
- Khotchino → Gatchina → Trotsk (1923) → Krasnogvardeysk (1929) → Gatchina (1944)
- Khrushchyovskaya → Uzlovaya
- Kiyskoye → Mariinsk (1856)
- Kodinsky → Kodinsk
- Kolchugino (1763) → Lenino (1922) → Leninsk-Kuznetsky (1925)
- Komsomolsky (1962) → Yugorsk (1992)
- Korela → Keksgolm → Priozersk (1948)
- Korsakovsky Post → Otomari → Korsakov
- Kozlov (1635) → Michurinsk (1932)
- Königsberg → Kaliningrad (1946)
- Krasnaya Sloboda → Krasnoslobodsk
- Krasnoflotsky → Krasnoarmeysky → Krasnoarmeysk
- Krasnoyarsk-26 → Zheleznogorsk
- Kremlyov → Sarov (1995)
- Krestov Brod (1916) → Roshal (1917)
- Kseniyevsky (1896) → Asino (1930)
- Kudelka (1889) → Asbest (1928)
- Kukarka (1594) → Sovetsk (1937)
- Kurgannaya → Kurganinsk
- Kushvinsky Zavod → Kushva
- Kuznetsk (1618) → Novokuznetsk (1931) → Stalinsk (1932) → Novokuznetsk (1961)
- Kuznetsovo (1806) → Konakovo (1930)
- Labiau → Polessk (1946)
- Labinskaya → Labinsk
- Lagan (1870) → Kaspiysky (1944) → Lagan (1991)
- Lakinsky → Lakinsk
- Laptevo (1578) → Yasnogorsk (1965)
- Lazdinay (1734) → Lazdenen (1938) → Krasnoznamensk (1946)
- Lermontovsky → Lermontov
- Likhvin (1565) → Chekalin (1945)
- Lopasnya → Chyornoye Ozero → Chekhov
- Losinaya Sloboda → Losino-Petrovsky
- Lyantorsky → Lyantor
- Lyutoga → Rudaka → Aniva
- Maoka (Mauka) → Kholmsk
- Mechetnaya → Nikolayevsk → Pugachyov
- Medvezhyya Gora → Medvezhyegorsk
- Melekess → Dimitrovgrad
- Mikhaylovskoye → Shpakovskoye → Mikhaylovsk
- Mikhaylovsky Zavod → Mikhaylovsk
- Mikoyan-Shakhar → Klukhori → Karachayevsk
- Mukhtuya → Lensk
- Muravlenkovsky → Muravlenko
- Mysovaya → Mysovsk → Babushkin
- Naberezhnye Chelny → Brezhnev → Naberezhnye Chelny
- Nadezhdinsk → Kabakovsk → Nadezhdinsk → Serov
- Naykhoro → Gornozavodsk
- Nazyvayevskaya → Nazyvayevka → Nazyvayevsk
- Neuhausen → Guryevsk
- Nevdubstroy (1929) → Kirovsk (1953)
- Nevyansky Zavod → Nevyansk
- Nezametny (1923) → Aldan (1939)
- Nikolayevsky → Nikolayevsk → Nikolayevsk-na-Amure
- Nikolo-Pestrovka → Nikolo-Pestrovsky → Nikolsk
- Nikolskoye → Nikolsk → Nikolsk-Ussuriysky (1898) → Voroshilov (1935) → Ussuriysk (1957)
- Nikolsky Khutor (1860) → Sursk (1953)
- Nizhnetagilsky Zavod → Nizhny Tagil
- Nizhnevartovsky → Nizhnevartovsk
- Nizhnevolzhskoye (1963) → Nizhnevolzhsk (1967) → Narimanov (1984)
- Nizhniye Kresty → Chersky (1963)
- Nizhny Novgorod → Gorky (1932) → Nizhny Novgorod (1990)
- Noda → Chekhov (1947)
- Nolinsk (1668) → Molotovsk (1940) → Nolinsk (1957)
- Novaya Derevnya → Alexandrovsky → Novonikolayevsky → Novonikolayevsk → Novosibirsk
- Novaya Pokrovka → Svoboda (1943) → Liski → Georgiu-Dezh (1965) → Liski (1990)
- Novgorod → Veliky Novgorod (1998)
- Novo-Mariinsk → Anadyr
- Novoalexandrovskaya → Novoalexandrovsk
- Novokuybyshevsky → Novokuybyshevsk
- Novopavlovskaya → Novopavlovsk
- Novotroitsk → Baley
- Novovoronezhsky → Novovoronezh
- Novy Zay → Zainsk
- Novye Petushki → Petushki
- Nyakh → Nyagan
- Obdorsk → Salekhard
- Olensk → Vilyuysk
- Olkhovsky → Artyomovsk
- Olzheras → Mezhdurechensk
- Omutninsky Zavod → Omutninsk
- Oraniyenbaum → Lomonosov
- Orenburg (1743) → Chkalov (1938) → Orenburg (1957)
- Oreshek → Nöteborg → Shlisselburg → Petrokrepost → Shlisselburg
- Orlov → Khalturin → Orlov
- Osinovka → Osinniki
- Ostyako-Vogulsk → Khanty-Mansiysk
- Pavlovo → Pavlovsky Posad
- Pavlovsk → Slutsk → Pavlovsk
- Pechory → Petseri → Pechory
- Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky → Ryazan
- Permskoye → Komsomolsk-na-Amure
- Pervomaysky → Novodvinsk
- Pesochnya → Kirov
- Petergof → Petrodvorets → Petergof
- Petropavlovsky → Petropavlovsky Port → Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
- Petropavlovsky → Severouralsk
- Petrovskoye → Petrovsk-Port → Makhachkala
- Petrovskoye → Svetlograd
- Petrovsky Zavod → Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky
- Pillau → Baltiysk
- Pokrovskaya → Pokrovsk → Engels
- Pokrovskoye → Pokrovsk
- Porechye → Demidov
- Poshekhonye → Poshekhonye-Volodarsk → Poshekhonye
- Prishib → Leninsk
- Protva → Zhukov
- Pryoysish-Elau → Bagrationovsk
- Pyora → Gondatti → Vladimiro-Shimanovsky → Shimanovsk
- Raduga → Vladimir-30 → Raduzhny
- Ragnit → Neman
- Ranenburg → Chaplygin
- Rastyapino → Dzerzhinsk
- Rauschen → Svetlogorsk
- Raychikha → Raychikhinsk
- Romanov-Borisoglebsk → Tutayev
- Romanov-na-Murmane → Murmansk (1917)
- Romanovsky → Kropotkin
- 圣彼得堡 (1703) → 彼得格勒 (1914) → 列宁格勒 (1924) → 圣彼得堡 (1991)
- Samara → Kuybyshev → Samara
- Selyutora → Siritoru → Makarov
- Semyonovka → Arsenyev
- Serdobol → Sortavala
- Sereda → Furmanov
- Sergiyev Posad → Sergiyev (1919) → Zagorsk (1930) → Sergiyev Posad (1991)
- Sergiyevskoye → Plavsk
- Shakhty → Gusinoozyorsk
- Sharypovskoye → Sharypovo → Chernenko → Sharypovo
- Shcheglovo → Shcheglovsk → Kemerovo
- Shikhrany → Kanash
- Shkotovo-17 → Tikhookeansky → Fokino
- Sieklakhti → Lakhdenpokhya
- Simbirsk → Ulyanovsk
- Skalisty → Gadzhiyevo
- Slavyanskaya → Slavyansk-na-Kubani
- Solnechnogorsky → Solnechnogorsk
- Sorochinskoye → Sorochinsk
- Spassk → Spassk-Tatarsky → Kuybyshev → Bolgar
- Spasskoye → Spassk → Spassk-Dalny
- Spasskoye → Spassk → Spassk-Ryazansky
- Stakhanovo → Zhukovsky
- Stallupönen → Nesterov
- Stary Rogozhsky Yam → Bogorodsk → Noginsk
- Stavropol → Togliatti
- Stavropol → Voroshilovsk → Stavropol
- Stupinskaya → Elektrovoz → Stupino
- Suchansky Rudnik → Suchan → Partizansk
- Sudostroy → Molotovsk → Severodvinsk
- Sundyr → Mariinsky Posad
- Suyetikha → Biryusinsk
- Sverdlovsk-45 → Lesnoy
- Svobodny → Cherepanovo
- Svyatoy Krest → Prikumsk → Budyonnovsk → Prikumsk → Budyonnovsk
- Syana → Kurilsk
- Sysertsky Zavod → Sysert
- Taldom → Leninsk → Taldom
- Tapiau → Gvardeysk
- Tashino → Pervomaysk
- Temir-Khan-Shura → Buynaksk
- Terijoki → Zelenogorsk
- Tetyukhe → Dalnegorsk
- Tikhmenevsky → Sikuka → Poronaysk
- Tikhoretskaya → Tikhoretsk
- Tilsit → Sovetsk
- Tomarioru → Tomari
- Tomsk-7 → Seversk
- Toro → Shakhtyorsk
- Troitsa → Udomlya
- Troitsko-Zaozyornoye → Zaozyorny
- Troitskosavsk → Kyakhta
- Troitskoye → Troitsky → Troitsk
- Trongzund → Uuras → Trongzund → Vysotsk
- Trotsk → Chapayevsk
- Truyevo-Naryshkino → Kuznetsk
- 察里津 → 斯大林格勒 → 伏尔加格勒
- Tsarskoye Selo → Detskoye Selo → Pushkin
- Tsaryovokokshaysk → Krasnokokshaysk → Yoshkar-Ola
- Tsimlyanskaya → Tsimlyansk
- Tulatovo → Iriston → Beslan
- Turyinsky → Krasnoturyinsk
- Tver → Kalinin (1931) → Tver (1990)
- Tyndinsky → Tynda
- Udinsk → Verhneudinsk → Ulan-Ude
- Ulala → Oyrot-Tura → Gorno-Altaysk
- Uralmedstroy → Krasnouralsk
- Usolye → Usolye-Sibirskoye
- Ust-Abakanskoye → Khakassk → Abakan
- Ust-Belokalitvenskaya → Belaya Kalitva
- Ust-Katavsky Zavod → Ust-Katav
- Ust-Medveditskaya → Serafimovich
- Ust-Sheksna → Rybansk → Rybnaya Sloboda (1504) → Rybnoy → Rybinsk (1777) → Shcherbakov (1946) → Rybinsk (1957) → Andropov (1984) → Rybinsk (1989)
- Ust Zeysky military post → Blagoveshchensk
- Vasilyovo → Chkalovsk
- Vayenga → Severomorsk
- Velikoknyazheskaya → Proletarskaya → Proletarsk
- Velyaminovsky → Tuapse
- Verkhneudinsky → Verkhneudinsk → Ulan-Ude
- Vinodelnoye → Ipatovo
- Vladikavkaz → Ordzhonikidze → Dzaudzhikau → Ordzhonikidze → Vladikavkaz
- Vladimirovka → Toyokhara → Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
- Volkhovstroy → Volkhov (1940)
- Volna-Khristianovsky → Novokhristianovskoye → Khristianovskoye → Digora
- Volodary → Volodarsk
- Vorontsovo-Alexandrovskoye → Sovetskoye → Zelenokumsk
- Voskresenskoye → Voskresensk → Istra (not to be confused with another Voskresensk)
- Voznesenskaya → Vereshchagino
- Vyzhaikha → Krasnovishersk
- Yagoshikha (1723) → Perm (1781) → Molotov (1940) → Perm (1957)
- Yakovlevskoye → Privolzhsk
- Yama → Yamsky Gorodok → Yama → Yamburg → Kingisepp (1922)
- Yauntlatgale → Abrene → Pytalovo
- Yegorshino → Artyomovsky
- 叶卡捷琳堡 → 斯维尔德洛夫斯克 → 叶卡捷琳堡
- Yekaterinodar (1794) → Krasnodar (1920)
- Yekaterinenstadt (Baronsk) → Marxstadt → Marks
- Yuryuzansky Zavod → Yuryuzan
- Zaozyorny-13 → Krasnoyarsk-45 → Zelenogorsk (1992)
- Zarinskaya → Zarinsk
- Zatishye → Elektrostal
- Zavolzhye → Zavolzhsk
- Zavoyko → Yelizovo
- Zernovoy → Zernograd
- Zeysky Sklad → Zeya-Pristan → Zeya
- Zhdanovsk → Zapolyarny
- Zheleznodorozhny → Yemva
- Zhirnoye → Zhirnovsky → Zhirnovsk
- Zimmerbude → Svetly
- 兹拉托乌斯特-36 → 三山城
- 兹梅尼 → 内维尔-1 → 鲁赫洛沃 → 斯科沃罗季诺