长脚家蚁属

长脚家蚁属 (Aphaenogaster ) 为家蚁亚科。共 205 个现生物种，19 个化石物种。除了哥伦比亚南部、撒哈拉以南非洲和南极洲以外世界广布。

有些物种会和大头家蚁属和寡家蚁属搞混。但大头家蚁和寡家蚁有兵蚁，而长脚家蚁没有。大头家蚁的触角有三节鞭垂节，长脚家蚁有四节，且体型较大。寡家蚁触角 11 节，长脚家蚁 12 节。

澳洲的物种会筑很显眼的巢。出入口呈漏斗形，直径可达 4 公分，因此得名漏斗蚁 (funnel ants)。蚁巢会对高尔夫球场、牧场、机场造成危害，因为被筑巢的区域结构脆弱，容易崩塌。但长脚家蚁筑巢的习性对生态系很重要，可以对土壤进行生物扰动，促进土壤中的养分流动。

长脚家蚁的主食可能是植物根部的蚜虫分泌的蜜露，这可以解释为什么很少在地表上见到工蚁，漏斗形的蚁巢出入口可能可以用作补食节肢动物的陷阱。

<image>

<image>

<image>

## 下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

Aphaenogaster aciculata｜F.Sm.

Aphaenogaster acuta

Aphaenogaster aktaci｜Kiran & Tezcan, 2008

Aphaenogaster albisetosa｜Mayr, 1886

Aphaenogaster amphioceanica de｜Andrade, 1995

Aphaenogaster annandalei｜Mukerjee, 1930

Aphaenogaster antiqua｜Dlussky, 2002

Aphaenogaster arachnoides

Aphaenogaster araneoides｜Emery, 1890

Aphaenogaster ashmeadi｜Emery, 1895

Aphaenogaster atlantis｜Santschi, 1929

Aphaenogaster avita｜Fujiyama, 1970

Aphaenogaster azteca｜J.Enzmann, 1947

Aphaenogaster balcanica｜(Emery, 1898)

Aphaenogaster baogong｜Terayama, 2009

Aphaenogaster barbara｜L.

Aphaenogaster barbigula｜Wheeler, 1916

Aphaenogaster baronii｜Cagniant, 1988

Aphaenogaster beccarii｜Emery, 1887

Aphaenogaster beesoni｜Donisthorpe, 1933

Aphaenogaster belti｜Forel, 1895

Aphaenogaster bidentatus

Aphaenogaster boulderensis｜Smith, 1941

Aphaenogaster burri｜(Donisthorpe, 1950)

Aphaenogaster caeciliae｜Viehmeyer, 1922

Aphaenogaster campana｜Emery, 1878

Aphaenogaster capensis｜Mayr

Aphaenogaster cardenai｜Espadaler, 1981

Aphaenogaster carolinensis

Aphaenogaster cavernicola｜Donisthorpe, 1938

Aphaenogaster cecconii｜Emery, 1894

Aphaenogaster charesi｜Salata & Borowiec, 2016

Aphaenogaster clavata

Aphaenogaster cockerelli｜Andre, 1893

Aphaenogaster cristata｜(Forel, 1902)

Aphaenogaster crocea｜Andre, 1881

Aphaenogaster curiosa｜Santschi, 1933

Aphaenogaster dejeani｜Cagniant, 1982

Aphaenogaster depilis｜Santschi, 1911

Aphaenogaster depressa｜Bolton, 1995

Aphaenogaster dlusskyana｜Radchenko & Perkovsky, 2016

Aphaenogaster dlusskyi｜Radchenko & Arakelian, 1991

Aphaenogaster donisthorpei｜Carpenter, 1930

Aphaenogaster dromedaria｜(Emery, 1900)

Aphaenogaster dulcineae｜Emery, 1924

Aphaenogaster dulciniae｜Emery, 1924

Aphaenogaster ensifera｜Forel, 1899

Aphaenogaster enspelensis｜Jessen, 2020

Aphaenogaster epirotes｜(Emery, 1915)

Aphaenogaster equestris｜Borowiec & Salata, 2014

Aphaenogaster espadaleri｜Cagniant, 1984

Aphaenogaster exasperata｜Wheeler, 1921

Aphaenogaster fabulosa｜Arnol'di, 1968

Aphaenogaster fallax｜Cagniant, 1992

Aphaenogaster famelica｜(Smith, 1874)

Aphaenogaster faureli｜Cagniant, 1969

Aphaenogaster feae｜Emery, 1889

Aphaenogaster fengbo｜Terayama, 2009

Aphaenogaster festae｜Emery, 1915

Aphaenogaster finzii｜Mueller, 1921

Aphaenogaster fiorii｜Emery, 1915

Aphaenogaster flemingi｜Smith, 1928

Aphaenogaster floridana｜Smith, 1941

Aphaenogaster friederichsi｜Forel, 1918

Aphaenogaster fulva｜Roger, 1863

Aphaenogaster gamagumayaa｜Naka & Maruyama, 2018

Aphaenogaster geei｜Wheeler, 1921

Aphaenogaster gemella｜(Roger, 1862)

Aphaenogaster georgica｜Arnol'di, 1968

Aphaenogaster gibbosa｜(Latreille, 1798)

Aphaenogaster gigantea｜Collingwood, 1962

Aphaenogaster gonacantha｜(Emery, 1899)

Aphaenogaster graeca｜Schulz, 1994

Aphaenogaster haarlovi｜Collingwood, 1961

Aphaenogaster hesperia｜Santschi, 1911

Aphaenogaster holtzi｜(Emery, 1898)

Aphaenogaster honduriana｜Mann, 1922

Aphaenogaster huachucana｜Creighton, 1934

湖南长脚家蚁｜Aphaenogaster hunanensis｜Wu & Wang, 1992

Aphaenogaster iberica｜Emery, 1908

Aphaenogaster ichnusa｜Santschi, 1925

Aphaenogaster illyrica｜Bračko, Lapeva-Gjonova, Salata, Borowiec & Polak, 2019

Aphaenogaster inermita｜Bolton, 1995

Aphaenogaster ionia｜Santschi, 1933

Aphaenogaster isekram｜Bernard, 1977

Aphaenogaster italica｜Bondroit, 1918

Aphaenogaster januschevi｜Arnol'di, 1976

Aphaenogaster japonica

Aphaenogaster jolantae｜Borowiec & Salata, 2014

Aphaenogaster kervillei｜Forel, 1910

Aphaenogaster kimberleyensis

Aphaenogaster kurdica｜Ruzsky, 1905

Aphaenogaster laevior｜Emery, 1887

Aphaenogaster lamellidens｜Mayr, 1886

Aphaenogaster lateralis

Aphaenogaster ledouxi｜Tohme, 1969

Aphaenogaster lepida｜Wheeler, 1930

Aphaenogaster lesbica｜Forel, 1913

Aphaenogaster livida｜(Heer, 1850)

Aphaenogaster longaeva｜(Scudder, 1877)

Aphaenogaster longiceps｜(Smith, 1858)

Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) longipes｜Sm.

Aphaenogaster loriai｜(Emery, 1897)

Aphaenogaster lustrans｜Smith, 1961

Aphaenogaster lykiaensis｜Borowiec & Salata, 2014

Aphaenogaster maculata｜Theobald, 1937

Aphaenogaster maculifrons｜Kiran & Aktac, 2008

Aphaenogaster maculipes｜Theobald, 1937

Aphaenogaster mariae｜Forel, 1886

Aphaenogaster mayri｜Carpenter, 1930

Aphaenogaster mediterrae

Aphaenogaster megommata｜Smith, 1963

Aphaenogaster mersa｜Wheeler, 1915

Aphaenogaster messoroides｜Dlussky, 1990

Aphaenogaster mexicana｜(Pergande, 1896)

Aphaenogaster miamiana｜Wheeler, 1932

Aphaenogaster miniata｜Cagniant, 1990

Aphaenogaster muelleriana｜Wolf, 1915

Aphaenogaster mutica｜Pergande, 1896

Aphaenogaster nadigi｜Santschi, 1923

Aphaenogaster nana｜Wheeler, 1932

Aphaenogaster obsidiana｜Mayr, 1861

西方长脚家蚁｜Aphaenogaster occidentalis｜(Emery, 1895)

Aphaenogaster oligocenica｜Wheeler, 1915

Aphaenogaster olympica｜Borowiec & Salata, 2014

Aphaenogaster osimensis｜Teranishi, 1940

Aphaenogaster ovaticeps｜(Emery, 1898)

Aphaenogaster pallescens｜Walker, 1871

Aphaenogaster pallida｜(Nylander, 1849)

Aphaenogaster pannonica｜Bachmayer, 1960

Aphaenogaster patruelis｜Forel, 1886

Aphaenogaster perplexa｜Smith, 1961

Aphaenogaster phalangium｜Emery, 1890

Aphaenogaster phillipsi｜Wheeler & Mann, 1916

Aphaenogaster picea｜(Wheeler, 1908)

Aphaenogaster picena｜Baroni Urbani, 1971

Aphaenogaster poultoni｜Crawley, 1922

Aphaenogaster praedo｜Emery, 1908

Aphaenogaster praenoda｜Santschi, 1933

Aphaenogaster praerelicta｜de Andrade, 1995

Aphaenogaster projectens｜Donisthorpe, 1947

Aphaenogaster punctaticeps｜MacKay, 1989

Aphaenogaster pusilla｜Enzmann, 1947

Aphaenogaster pythia｜Forel, 1915

Aphaenogaster quadrispina｜Emery, 1911

Aphaenogaster reichelae

Aphaenogaster relicta｜Wheeler & Mann, 1914

Aphaenogaster rhaphidiiceps｜(Mayr, 1877)

Aphaenogaster rifensis｜Cagniant, 1994

Aphaenogaster rothneyi｜Forel, 1902

Aphaenogaster rudis

Aphaenogaster ruida｜Wheeler, 1928

Aphaenogaster rupestris｜Forel, 1909

Aphaenogaster sagei｜(Forel, 1902)

Aphaenogaster saharensis｜Bernard, 1953

Aphaenogaster sangiorgii｜(Emery, 1901)

Aphaenogaster sardoa｜Mayr, 1853

Aphaenogaster schmidti｜Karavaiev, 1912

Aphaenogaster schmitzi

Aphaenogaster schurri｜(Forel, 1902)

Aphaenogaster semipolita｜(Nylander, 1856)

Aphaenogaster senilis｜Mayr, 1853

Aphaenogaster sicardi｜Cagniant, 1990

Aphaenogaster sicula｜Emery, 1908

Aphaenogaster simonellii｜Emery, 1894

中华长脚家蚁｜Aphaenogaster sinensis｜Wheeler, 1928

Aphaenogaster smythiesii｜(Forel, 1902)

Aphaenogaster sommerfeldti｜Mayr, 1868

Aphaenogaster spinosa｜Emery, 1878

Aphaenogaster splendida｜(Roger, 1859)

Aphaenogaster striativentris｜Forel, 1895

Aphaenogaster striola｜Roger

Aphaenogaster strioloides｜Forel, 1890

Aphaenogaster subcostata｜Viehmeyer, 1922

Aphaenogaster subterranea｜(Latreille, 1798)

Aphaenogaster subterraneo-splendida｜Em.e For.

Aphaenogaster subterraneoides｜Emery, 1881

Aphaenogaster swammerdami｜Forel, 1886

Aphaenogaster syria

Aphaenogaster syriaca｜Emery, 1908

Aphaenogaster takahashii｜Wheeler, 1930

Aphaenogaster tennesseensis｜(Mayr, 1862)

Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa｜(Lucas, 1849)

Aphaenogaster texana｜Wheeler, 1915

Aphaenogaster theryi｜Santschi, 1923

Aphaenogaster tibetana｜Donisthorpe, 1929

Aphaenogaster tinauti｜Cagniant, 1992

Aphaenogaster tipuna｜Forel, 1913

Aphaenogaster torossiani｜Cagniant, 1988

Aphaenogaster treatae｜Forel, 1886

Aphaenogaster trinacriae｜Alicata & Schifani, 2019

Aphaenogaster turkestanica｜Arnol'di, 1976

Aphaenogaster uinta｜Wheeler, 1917

Aphaenogaster ujhelyii｜Szabo, 1910

Aphaenogaster ulibeli｜Gómez & Espadaler, 2018

Aphaenogaster umphreyi

Aphaenogaster vapida｜Wheeler, 1928

Aphaenogaster verecunda｜Wheeler, 1928

Aphaenogaster wangtian｜Terayama, 2009

Aphaenogaster wangye｜Terayama, 2009

Aphaenogaster weigoldi｜Viehmeyer, 1922

Aphaenogaster weulersseae｜Cagniant, 1989

Aphaenogaster wilsoni｜Cagniant, 1988

Aphaenogaster xuantian｜Terayama, 2009

## 基本资料

- 说明：A. swammerdami 的工蚁
- 学名：Aphaenogaster
- 命名者：Mayr, 1853
- 模式种：Aphaenogaster sardoa
- type_species_authority：Mayr, 1853
- diversity_link：Species
- diversity：200 species
- 异名：Deromyrma Forel, 1913、Nystalomyrma Wheeler, 1916