拉丁语法律术语列表

拉丁语法律术语列表（List of Latin legal terms）是在法律术语、及法律格言中所使用的相关拉丁语术语之列表，而本条项这些“拉丁语法律术语”只是部分列表；列表中的法律术语条项本身全部、或者实质上均源自于拉丁语。

## 普通法

术语或短语｜英语翻译｜中文翻译

a fortiori｜"much more so"; from the stronger case; with stronger reason; with greater force｜何况；更不用说；更加；更有理由在普通法中，“更有理由”的论据是“来自更强理由的论证”；意即，由于其中一个事实为真，也因此第二个（相关和包含在内的）事实也须为真。

a posteriori｜"from what comes after"; inductive reasoning｜凭经验的；推溯；归纳；由果溯因

a priori｜"from what comes before"; deductive reasoning｜先验的；推理；演绎；由因及果

a quo｜"from which"｜来自；由此

ab initio｜"from the beginning"｜一开始；从一开始；由最初开始；自始

actus reus｜"guilty act"｜犯罪行为

ad hoc｜"for this purpose"｜特设；专责

ad idem｜"of the same thing or result"; of the same mind; essentially the same｜一致；同心；意见相同

ad infinitum｜"without limit"｜永远；无限

ad litem｜"for the suit"｜为了诉讼的目的

ad valorem｜"according to value"｜从价

allocatur｜"it is allowed"｜讼费评定证明书

alter ego｜"other self"｜藉法人假借的身份

amicus curiae｜"friend of the court"｜法庭之友〔不属诉讼一方而主动或应法庭邀请就案件提供意见或协助的人〕

animus possidendi｜"intention to possess a thing"｜管有意图；拥有某物的意图

animus testandi｜"intention to make a testament or will"｜订立遗嘱的意图

bona vacantia｜"goods that belong to no one"｜无主财物

casus belli｜"case belligerent"｜宣战原因；足以引起战争的挑衅；开战理由

caveat emptor｜"let the buyer beware"｜买者自慎

certiorari｜"to be apprised"｜移审令；移审令状；移审撤销令

Cessante ratione legis cessat et ipsa lex.｜When the reason of the law ceases, the law itself also ceases.｜法律本身随法理消失而告终

compos mentis｜"master of one's mind"; full possession of mental powers｜精神健全

consensus ad idem｜"a meeting of minds"｜意见一致；达成协议

contra proferentem｜"the words of a contract are to be taken most strongly against the person who proposes it"; in full verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem｜解释合约条文时应以不利于条文提出者的解释为准（的原则）

coram non judice｜"not before a judge"; or before a judge not authorised to take cognizance｜不在法官席前；在无审判权的法官席前

corpus delicti｜"the body of a crime"｜犯罪事实；犯罪遗体；罪体

corpus juris｜"the body of law"; the law as the sum of laws｜法令大全；法典

crimen falsi｜"the crimes of falsifying"; dishonesty, fraud, corruption, perjury, forgery, etc; also falsi crimen｜与伪造、欺诈、贪污、作伪证等有关的罪行

curia advisari vult; cur. adv. vult｜"the court will advise"; the court will consider｜容后判决

trespass de bonis asportatis｜"trespass for carrying goods away"; trespass to goods｜侵害动产行为；侵物行为

de bonis non administratis; d.b.n.｜"(of) the goods not administered"｜待管遗产；未作管理的遗产；未分配的遗产

de facto｜"of fact"; in fact｜事实上；事实；实际上

de jure｜"of law"; according to law｜法律上；法律；按照法律的

De minimis non curat lex.｜The law does not take account of trifles.｜法律不问琐事

de minimis principle｜“法律不问琐事”的原则

de novo｜"anew"｜更始；重新

Deorum injuriae diis curae.｜"The gods take care of injuries to the gods."｜得罪神者，神将自罚之〔刑法上的亵渎罪属侵害公众的罪行，而非侵害神明的罪行〕

dictum｜"a saying"｜法官的意见

doli incapax｜"incapable of guilt"｜无犯罪能力；无能力犯罪

donatio mortis causa｜"gift in contemplation of death"; also gift mortis causa｜临终赠予；临终赠与；临终遗赠；预期死亡而作出的赠与

duces tecum｜"bring with you"｜着令携带文件出庭

ejusdem generis｜"as of the same kind"｜同类；同类原则

et sequentes; et seq.｜"and those which follow"｜以及下列各项；以及其后的；及以下的

ex aequo et bono｜of equity and the good｜公平善意原则

ex ante｜"from before"; based on assumption and prediction｜事前；预期

ex cathedra｜"from the chair"; with authority｜来自权威方面

ex delicto｜"from a tort"; offence against the law; in tort｜在侵权法上；由于侵权而引起的（诉讼）

ex facie｜"from the face"; in view of what is apparent｜形式上；从表面看

ex gratia｜"out of grace"; as a favour; not by legal necessity｜特惠

ex officio｜"by virtue of one's office"｜当然；依职权

ex parte｜"from a party"; from or on behalf of only one side to a law suit｜单方面

ex post｜"from after"; based on knowledge and facts｜具追溯力的；根据过去

ex post facto｜"form what is done afterward"; after the fact｜事后；事后的

ex proprio motu｜"of his own motion"｜出于自愿的；自动作出的；主动作出

exempli gratia; e.g.｜"for the sake of example"; as an example｜例如

extant｜"existing"｜现存；维持

factum｜"a fact"; a thing done｜已发生的事；既成之事

felo de se｜"felon of himself"; suicide｜自杀

fiat｜"let it be done"｜指令；准照

fieri facias｜"may you cause to be done"｜财物扣押

writ of fieri facias｜"may you cause to be done"｜扣押债务人财产令状；财物扣押令

forum non conveniens｜"an inappropriate forum"｜不便审理的法院；不便诉讼地

functus officio｜"having performed his/her office"｜职分已完；权责终结

gravamen of the offence｜罪行重点

guardian ad litem｜诉讼监护人；辩护监护人

writ of habeas corpus｜"may you have the body"｜人身保护令；人身保护令状

hostis humani generis｜"enemy of the human race"｜人类公敌

in absentia｜"being absent from"｜缺席

in camera｜"in a chamber"｜以非公开形式；在法官私室（审议）；闭门

in curia｜within or of the court; in open court｜在法庭内

in esse｜"in being"; in actual existence｜确实存在的

in extenso｜"in full"; at length; unabridged｜全文；未经删减；详尽

in forma pauperis｜"in the form of a poor person"; not liable for court costs｜以贫穷者身份免付讼费

in futuro｜"in the future"｜将来的

in limine｜"on the threshold"｜最初；开始

in loco parentis｜"in the place of a parent"｜代替父母地位；身居父母地位

in pari delicto｜"in equal fault"｜同样有错；皆有过失

In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis.｜When both parties are equally at fault, the position of the possessor is the better.｜在双方皆有过失的情况下管有者占优势

In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis.｜In a case of equal or mutual fault the defending party is in the better position.｜在双方皆有过失的情况下被告人占优势

in pari materia｜"upon an analogous matter or subject"｜在类似情况下；关于同一事宜

in personam｜"against a person"｜对人

in propria persona｜"in one's own person"｜无律师代表；亲自（出庭）

in re｜"in the matter of"; regarding｜有关……事宜；关于……事

in rem｜"against a thing"｜对物

in situ｜"in place"; back in place｜原址；在原处；就地

in terrorem｜"in order to frighten"｜威吓性的；警告性的

in toto｜"entirely; completely; wholly"｜整个；全部；完全

indicia｜"indications"｜标志；记号；证明；象征

infra｜"below"｜以下；在下面的

injuria absque damno｜"injury without damage"; also injuria sine damno｜没有造成损害的法律过失〔不产生赔偿权〕

injuria sine damno｜"injury without damage"｜未造成损害的侵权行为

innuendo｜"by nodding"; meaning; to wit; that is to say｜影射；暗指；状书的注解；讥讽；附注句

inter alia｜"among other things"｜其中包括；连同其他事宜

inter se｜"between or among themselves"｜相互之间

inter vivos｜"between living persons"; from one living person to another｜在世时；生者之间

gift inter vivos｜"between living persons"; from one living person to another｜生者之间的赠予

intra vires｜"within the powers of"｜在权限以内

ipse dixit｜"he himself said it"; bare assertion｜未经证实之言；武断的话；亲口所述的未经证实之言

ipsissima verba｜"the selfsame words"｜一如其言；确切原文

ipso facto｜"by that very fact"; by its very nature; regardless of right or wrong｜因此事实

entail ipso jure｜"the law itself"｜在法律上……导致

jurat｜"(He) swears"｜誓章末处

jus｜"law"; "right"; "justice"｜权利；法；法则；法律

jus accrescendi｜right of survivorship｜尚存者取得权

jus ad bellum｜right to war｜战争权

jus civile｜"law of the citizen"; also civil law｜民事法律；民法；私法

jus cogens｜"coercive law"｜强制性法则

jus gentium｜"the law of nations"; international law｜国际法；国际法律；国际间的法律

jus in bello｜"law in war"; law of war｜战争法

jus naturale｜"the law of nature"; private natural right; natural law｜自然法则

plea of jus tertii｜"the right of a third party", plea of the right of a third party｜第三方权利之诉

lacuna｜"void"; "gap"｜法律漏洞；空白；空隙；缺陷；脱漏

lacuna in legislative provisions｜"void"; "gap"｜法律条文的空隙

lacuna in the evidence｜"void"; "gap"｜证据上的空隙

lex fori｜"the law of the forum or court"｜审判地法

lex loci actus｜"the law of the place where an act is done"｜行为地法

lex loci celebrationis｜"the law of the place where a ceremony is performed"｜仪式举行地法

lex loci contractus｜"the law of the place where a contract is made"｜缔约地法

lex loci delictus｜"the law of the place where the tort was committed"｜侵权行为发生地法

lex situs｜"the law of the place where the property is located"; also lex loci rei sitae｜财产所在地法

lex scripta｜"written law"｜成文法

lex non scripta｜"unwritten law"｜不成文法

lis pendens｜"a suit pending in court"; suit pending in court｜待决案件

locus｜"place"｜地点；场所；所在地

locus actus｜"place of the act"｜行事之地

locus in quo｜"the place where sth. is alleged to have occurred"｜事发地；案发现场

locus poenitentiae｜"a place of repentance"｜反悔；改变主意等的机会［如在拍卖中撤回出价、合约义务形成前取消合约、正式达成协议前退出交易等的机会］

locus sigilli; L.S.｜"the place of the seal"｜印章位置；盖印处

locus standi｜"place of standing"; the right to bring an action or to be heard in a given forum｜参与……的资格；出庭资格；发言权

mala fide｜"in bad faith"; also mala fides｜不真诚；恶意

malum in se｜"evil in itself"｜本质上邪恶的

malum prohibitum｜"wrong merely because it is proscribed"｜法律禁止的

mandamus｜"we command"｜履行义务令；履行职务令；履行责任令

order of mandamus｜"we command"｜履行义务令；履行责任令

writ of mandamus｜"we command"｜履行义务令状

mens rea｜"guilty mind"｜犯罪意图；犯罪意念

Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea.｜An act does not make a person guilty unless his or her mind is guilty.｜没有犯罪意图的行为不构成犯罪

causa mortis｜"in contemplation of death"｜临终作出的；预期死亡而作的

succession mortis causa｜"in contemplation of death"｜死亡继承

mutatis mutandis｜"having changed the things that needed to be changed"｜在加以必要的变通后；加以必要的变通；可作必要的变通；在细节上经适当的修改后；经必要的变通后

writ of ne exeat regno; ne exeat regno｜"let him not go out of the realm"｜防止被告人离开和移走财产令状

Nemo dat quod non habet.｜He who hath not cannot give.｜不能给付自己没有的东西；不能付出自己没有的东西

Nemo debet esse judex in propria causa.｜No one should be judge in his own cause.｜无人可裁判自己的案件

Nemo est supra leges.｜No one is above the law.｜无人可凌驾于法律之上

Nemo in propria causa testis esse debet.｜No one can be a witness in his own cause.｜无人可在自己的案件中充当证人

Nemo judex in causa sua｜No one should be a judge in one's own case.｜任何人不得成为自己案件的法官

Iniquum est aliquem rei sui esse judicem.｜It is unjust for anyone to be judge in his own cause.｜自审己案有违公正。

nihil dicit; nil dicit｜"he (she) says nothing"｜不答辩；无答辩

nisi｜"unless"｜暂准

nolle prosequi｜"not to prosecute"｜中止检控

non compos mentis｜"not of sound mind"｜精神不健全

defence of non est factum｜"not my deed"｜否认曾订立合约（或声称签署文件时不知道文件内容）的抗辩

non liquet; n.l.｜"it is not clear"｜不明确；不能确定何地法律；适用案情不清

novus actus interveniens｜"a new intervening act"｜新介入的行为

Noscitur a sociis.｜It is known from its associates.｜词义不清时，按上下文的文意理解

nudum pactum｜"nude pact"; a promise unsupported by consideration; voluntary promise; also nude contract｜无偿合约

Nudum pactum ex quo non oritur actio.｜A naked agreement is that from which no action arises.｜不能就无偿合约兴讼

nulla bona｜"no goods to levy"; no goods to levy｜没有财物可供检取

nunc pro tunc｜"now for then"｜具追溯力的

order nunc pro tunc｜"now for then"｜事后补正的命令

obiter dictum｜"thing said in passing"; thing said in passing｜判词旁论；法官宣判时所提出的附带意见

Actori incumbit onus probandi.｜The burden of proof rests upon the plaintiff.｜举证责任在原告人

ore tenus｜"orally"; by word of mouth｜口头上

par delictum｜"equal wrong"; equal wrong｜同等的过失

pari passu｜"with equal step"; at an equal pace｜平等地；同时及同等地

rank pari passu｜"with equal step"; at an equal pace｜享有同等权益

sharing pari passu｜"with equal step"; at an equal pace｜享有同等权益

pendente lite｜"while the action is pending"｜诉讼待决期间；案件待决

administrator pendente lite｜"while the action is pending"｜诉讼待决期间遗产管理人

administration pendente lite｜"while the action is pending"｜诉讼待决期间的遗产管理

per capita｜"by head"｜按每个人计算

per contra｜"on the other hand"｜反之；对比；相反

per curiam; per cur.｜"by the court"｜用官判词；由法庭作出的；由法院决定；引用法官判词

per incuriam｜"through want of care or inadvertence"｜有疏漏的判决；疏忽所致

per quod｜"whereby"｜因此；归咎于；由于

defamation per quod｜"whereby"; defamation requiring reference to additional facts｜不明显的诽谤；非直接的诽谤

Quod per me non possum, nec per lium.｜What I cannot do in person, also cannot do through the agency of another.｜凡自己不能作出的，亦不能假手于人

per se｜"of, in, or by itself"; inherently｜本身

defamation per se｜"of, in, or by itself"; defamation by itself｜本质即属诽谤者

Qui facit per alium facit per se.｜A person who acts through another acts himself.｜代理人所作的等同于主事人所作

per stirpes｜"according to stock"｜按家系〔无遗嘱遗产分配办法〕

post hoc, ergo propter hoc｜"after this, therefore because of this"; confusing sequence with consequence｜事随其后，故必由此引起〔时序与因果关系的混淆〕

post mortem examination｜"after death"｜验尸；死因检验

prima facie｜"at first sight"; on the face of it｜表面

pro bono publico｜"for public good"; for the community as a whole｜为了公众利益

pro forma｜"for form"; as a matter of form｜基于形式上的；形式上；既定格式

pro hac vice｜"for this occasion or particular purpose"｜只此一回；限于此目的

pro rata｜"in proportion"; ratably｜按比例

pro se｜"on one's own behalf"; on one's own behalf｜为个人（利益）；亲自（诉讼）

Quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introducto.｜Every one may renounce or relinquish a right introduced for his own benefit.｜人人皆可放弃自己所获之权利

pro tanto｜"for so much"; to that extent｜以此为限；至此

pro tempore; pro tem.｜"temporarily"; for the time being｜暂时；临时

in propria persona｜"in one's own person"; in person｜无律师代表；亲自（出庭）

qua｜"as claimed by"; in the capacity of; as｜以……的身份；藉……的身份

sed quaere｜"but question"｜需再深入审查

quantum｜"as much"｜分量；总量；量；金额；额量

quantum meruit｜"as much as one has deserved"; the reasonable value of services｜按服务计酬

quantum valeba(n)t｜"as much as it may be worth"; the reasonable value of goods and services｜按值付价

quasi｜"as if"｜准；近似；类似

quid pro quo｜"something for something"; tit for tat｜交换条件；对价；相等的补偿

in statu quo; in statu quo ante｜"in the same condition as previously"｜按原状；维持原状

quo warranto｜"by what authority"; a prerogative writ｜追究职权或特权依据的令状

ratio decidendi｜"the reason for a decision"; reasons for judgment｜判词主旨；判决理由

res｜thing｜物；财产

res ipsa loquitur｜"the thing speaks for itself"; the thing speaks for itself｜不证自明；事实昭显

res gestae｜"things done"; events which happened｜已做的事；已成之事；有关事实〔以别于传闻〕

res judicata｜"the thing has been decided"; a matter adjudged or settled by judgment; also chose jugée｜已判事项；既判案件；已判决的事项

res nullius｜"thing of no one"｜无主物；无主财产

respondeat superior｜"let that master or principal answer"｜由委托人答辩〔委托人对代理人（或雇主对雇员等）所负的转承责任〕

scienter｜"knowingly"; knowingly｜故意；知情；明知

writ of scire facias (sci. fa.)｜"let him or her know"｜告知令状

seriatim｜"in series"｜依次；逐条；顺序

traversed seriatim｜"in series"｜逐一拒认

sine die｜"without day"; indefinitely｜无期；无限期；待续无期

adjourned sine die｜"without day"; indefinitely｜无限期押后；休会待续无期

sine qua non｜"without which is not"｜不可或缺的

causa sine qua non｜"cause without which not"｜不可缺少的原因

situs｜"poistion, situation"｜所在地

stare decisis｜"to stand by things decided and not to disturb settled points"; in full stare decisis et non quieta movere｜遵循先例；遵照先例原则

status quo｜"the state in which; the state at which things are or were"｜原状；现状

status quo ante｜"the situation that existed before something else occurred"｜原状

sua sponte｜"on its own motion"; on its own motion｜主动；自行

sub nomine; sub nom.｜"under the name"; under the name of …｜在……名（义）下

subpoena｜"under penalty"｜传召

subpoena ad respondendum｜commanded to appear and respond｜传召到庭答辩令状

subpoena ad testificandum｜commanded to appear and testify｜着令出庭作证的传召证人出庭令；着令出庭作证的传召出庭令状

subpoena duces tecum｜commanded to bring all pertinent documents to court and testify｜着令携带文件出庭的传召证人出庭令；着令携带文件出庭的传召出庭令状

suggestio falsi｜"suggestion of an untruth"｜假声明；虚假的提示或暗示

sui generis｜"of its own kind"; of its own kind｜自成一类；独特的；自成一类的

writ of supersedeas｜"you shall desist"｜中止诉讼程序的令状

Suppressio veri expressio falsi.｜Suppression of the truth is the expression of what is false. Also suppressio veri.｜隐瞒事实等于说谎

supra｜"above"｜以上；在上面的；见上文

terra nullius｜"land that belongs to nobody"｜无主地；无人拥有之地

trial de novo｜"trial anew"｜重审

uberrima fides; uberrimae fidei｜"of the utmost good faith"｜符合绝对真诚原则

ultra vires｜"beyond strength"｜越权；越权的

vel non｜"or not"; whether or not｜不论是否

veto｜"I forbid"｜否决

vice versa｜"the change being turned"; conversely｜反之亦然

vide｜"see"｜见

videlicet; viz.｜"it is permitted to see"; to wit; namely｜即；就是

vir et uxor｜"husband and wife"｜夫妇

## 民法

术语或短语｜英语直译｜定义及用法｜中文翻译

accessio｜something added｜在民法中，添附（物权法）即以创造方式将属于数所有人之物进行合并成一新形态财产的获取方式，其以不丢失原财产身份的方式向新财产中添加劳动成果或其他商品的合并新物权之法律运作（参考 commixtio［混合］及specificatio［规范］）。｜添附

## 教会法

术语或短语｜英语直译｜定义及用法｜中文翻译

advocatus diaboli｜Devil's advocate｜在教会法中，对于封圣候选人的资格、即对宣福礼的认证及宣告，进行质疑的列圣审查官。｜圣审查官（直译为魔鬼的讼辩人）