汉语圈

汉语圈（Sinophone），或称作华语圈或中文圈，是21世纪的新词，在欧系语言意为“汉语使用人士(者)”、“华语使用人士(者)”或“中文使用人士(者)”（Chinese-speaking），意指居民能使用至少一种汉语变体的地区，也表示其上的文化或语言。这一词语在学术界的使用上有些含糊，主要可分为两类：

- 以汉语为官方语言的国家及地区，即狭义上的“华语世界”（Chinese-speaking world）。
- 特指汉语为少数语言的地区，即不含中国大陆、香港、澳门、台湾、新加坡、马来西亚。

许多作者以汉语圈世界（Sinophone world）这一词语指涉分布于大中华地区之外的海外华人地区；而有些则指涉整个华语世界，等同于华人地区。官话（现代标准汉语）是今日最被广泛使用的汉语变体，拥有超过10亿使用者，约占世界人口的20%。

现代标准汉语是今日中华人民共和国与中华民国的官方语言、新加坡的官方语言之一，也是联合国6种官方语言之一。汉语族之一的粤语（广东话）是香港与澳门的官方语言。在美国、巴西、加拿大、澳大利亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、泰国、越南、印度尼西亚、毛里求斯、秘鲁、委内瑞拉等国家或地区都有为数可观的海外华人人口及社区，多数使用着不同的汉语变体（汉语方言），如广东话（Cantonese）、泉漳话（Hokkien）、福州话（Foochow）、潮州话（Teochew）等等。

语言学网站《民族语》估计全球33个国家约有汉语使用者11.97亿人。依照所使用的不同变体进行细部统计：官话8.48亿、吴语7720万、粤语6220万、闽南语4680万、晋语4500万、湘语3600万、客家语3010万、赣语2060万、闽北语1030万、闽东语910万、徽语460万、闽中语310万、莆仙语260万等。

## 参考资料

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