透螺科

透螺科（学名：Diaphanidae）是生物分类学上一个微小海螺的分类单元，是头楯目之下一个海洋腹足纲软体动物的科。旧属透螺总科（Diaphanoidea），现时是盒螺总科之下的成员。

## 分布

本科物种见于海水温度比较冰冷的地方，例如：北极地区、南极洲、澳大利亚及新西兰。

## 栖息地

本科物种分布于从潮间带到深海带。

## 型态描述

透螺科物种的螺壳微小、薄而且脆，一般透明或半透明，通常都小于5 mm in size。整体来说，螺壳呈卵形、梨形或球茎形。壳顶凹陷。

## 分类

### 2005年分类

根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，透螺科是透螺总科的成员，包括下列两个科：

- 透螺总科 Diaphanoidea
- 透螺科 Diaphanidae
- Family Notodiaphanidae

而透螺科由两个亚科组成，包括下列各属：

#### 透螺亚科

透螺亚科（Diaphaninae）包括下列各属：

- Genus Austrodiaphana Henry Augustus Pilsbry, 1893
- Austrodiaphan brazieri George French Angas, 1877：见于西澳大利亚州，体长8 mm。
- Austrodiaphana colei Fleming, 1948
- Distribution : 新西兰
- Austrodiaphana flemingi Arthur William Baden Powell, 1952：见于新西兰
- Austrodiaphana maunganuica Arthur William Baden Powell, 1952：见于新西兰。
- Genus Colobocephalus Michael Sars, 1870
- Colobocephalus costellatus, Michael Sars, 1870
- Colobocephalus striatulus Monterosato ex Jeffreys, 1874
- Distribution : 地中海
- Genus Colpodaspis Michael Sars, 1870 (incertae sedis) The sole of the foot contains a gland that secretes a mucous fluid, which helps the little animal to stay attached to stems and algae.
- Colpodaspis punctata Clark, 1837
- Distribution : Mediterranean
- Colpodaspis pusilla Michael Sars, 1870：见于挪威南部、大不列颠岛及爱尔兰岛西部
- Length : 5 mm
- Description : the bubble shell is completely enclosed by the mantle; two prominent rhinophores on the head, leading to a groove along each side of the head; right posterior siphon
- Colpodaspis thompsoni Brown, 1979
- Distribution : tropical 印度洋-太平洋海域, 冲绳县, 圣诞岛
- Length : 3 mm
- Description : black sea slug with yellow warts on a white background; the 外套膜 encloses the bubble-shaped fragile shell; there is a pair of enrolled rhinophores on the head; the eyes are the two black spots on the head, just in front of the shell;
- Genus Diaphana Brown, 1827
- Diaphana abyssalis T. Schiøtte, 1998
- Distribution : Western 大西洋
- Diaphana anderssoni H. Strebel, 1908
- Distribution : 南佐治亚
- Diaphana caribaea Espinosa, J., J.Ortea & J.Magaña, 2001
- Distribution : 古巴
- Length : 2 mm
- Diaphana cretica
- Distribution : Mediterranean
- Diaphana expansa (Jeffreys, 1864)
- Distribution : Norway to the 锡利群岛.
- Diaphana floridana W.H. Dall, 1927
- Distribution : Georgia
- Length : 4 mm
- Diaphana globosa Lovén, 1846
- Distribution : 斯堪的纳维亚
- Length : 4 mm
- Diaphana haini Linse, K. & T. Schiøtte, 2002
- Distribution : 南极洲
- Length : 2.2 mm
- Diaphana hiemalis (Couthouy, J.P., 1839) (synonym of Diaphana minuta)
- Diaphana inflata (Strebel, H., 1908)
- Distribution : South Georgia
- Length : 2.4 mm
- Diaphana lactea Jeffreys, 1877
- Distribution : Mediterranean, Norway
- Diaphana lottae K.J. Bush, 1893
- Distribution : 北卡罗来纳州
- Length : 8.5 mm
- Diaphana makarovi G.B. Gorbunov, 1946
- Distribution : East Greenland
- Length : 3 mm
- Diaphana mauretaniensis T. Schiøtte, 1998
- Distribution : Mauretania
- Diaphana minuta Brown, 1827
- Distribution : Greenland, Scandinavia, Iceland, 苏格兰, North 西班牙 down to the Canaries and the Mediterranean, 马萨诸塞州.
- Length: 5.8 mm
- Description : found in sandy bottoms from the low tide level to a depth of 350 m; thin, fragile, smooth, cylindrical shell with convex whorl (mollusc)s. The body whorl is prominent. Minute apex. Deep suture (gastropod) between the whorls. Deep umbilicus (mollusk).
- Diaphana pacifica T. Schiøtte, 1998
- Distribution : 南加利福尼亚州
- Diaphana paessleri H. Strebel, 1905
- Distribution : 福克兰群岛; 火地群岛; South Georgia; 南奥克尼群岛; 威德尔海, 南极洲; 凯尔盖朗群岛.
- Length : 3.3 mm
- Diaphana pfefferi H. Strebel, 1905
- Distribution : South Georgia
- Length : 2.9 mm
- Diaphana quadrata
- Distribution : Mmediterranean
- Diaphana seguenzae R.B. Watson, 1886
- Distribution : NE 巴西
- Length : 3.8 mm
- Genus Newnesia Edgar Albert Smith, 1902 (incertae sedis)
- Newnesia antarctica Edgar Albert Smith, 1902
- 分布：南极州威德尔海
- Length : 17–30 mm
- Newnesia sphinx Strebel H., 1908
- Distribution : Paulet Insel (Antarctic Peninsula)
- Length : 24.8 mm
- Genus Rhinodiaphana Lemche, 1967
- Rhinodiaphana ventricosa Jeffreys, 1865
- Genus Woodbridgea Berry, 1953
- Woodbridgea polystrigma W.H. Dall, 1908 Furrowed Paper-bubble
- Distribution : America
- Woodbridgea williamsi S.S. Berry, 1953
- Distribution : West-America

#### Subfamily Toledoniinae

- Bogasonia Warén, 1989
- Bogasonia gorjachevi Chaban, 1998 - Distribution: 千岛群岛.
- Bogasonia volutoides Warén, 1989 - Distribution: 冰岛. Found at depths between 100–200 m.
- Toledonia Dall, 1902

### 2017年分类

WoRMS纪录透螺科之下只余下透螺亚科的透螺属之下：

- 透螺亚科 Diaphaninae Odhner, 1914 (1857)
- 透螺属 Diaphana T. Brown, 1827
- Amphisphyra Lovén, 1846
- Austrodiaphana Pilsbry, 1893
- Physema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- Prodiaphana Chaban, 1996

## 外部链接

- Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. D. (1976): A taxonomic survey of the genus Toledonia W.H. Dall, 1902 (Opistobranchia, Diaphanidae). Zool. Scripta 5: 25-33
- Photo of Colpodaspis thompsoni

## 基本资料

- 学名：Diaphanidae
- 命名者：Nils Hjalmar Odhner, 1914 (1857)
- 异名：Amphisphyridae Gray, 1857