裂螺科

裂螺总科（学名：Fissurelloidea，亦作裂裙螺总科或透孔螺总科），其下只有裂螺科（学名：Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822，亦作裂裙螺科、钥孔䗩科或透孔螺科），是古腹足类支序之下的一个海洋腹足纲软体动物的科。本总科的物种因其锥状螺壳的螺尖上有一个小孔，是海螺的一个特化体。由于整个螺壳的外形就像一条裂开了一条缝的裙摆那样，所以被称为裂裙螺。

根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》基本上包括了各种笠螺，覆盖了原来原始腹足目的大多数物种。

## 分布

本科物种的分布是世界性的，从冰冷的寒带到热带都有其物种存在。

## 习性

本科物种一般居住在潮间带下部深水区的岩面或岩底。

## 分类

本科的属一般可以按四个不同的亚科来分类。这四个亚科除了裂螺亚科以外，原来都与裂螺科一样同为裂螺总科之下的科，但现时被降级了，并归本科。这些亚科分别如下：

- Clypidinidae A. N. Golikov & Starobogatov, 1989
- 天盖螺亚科 Diodorinae Odhner, 1932：由Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011)把原来的天盖螺族（Diodorini）升级。
- Cosmetalepas Iredale, 1924
- 天盖螺属 Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I, 1835：分布于西非大西洋东岸的佛德角
- Megathura Pilsbry, 1890
- Monodilepas Finlay, 1927
- 边罅螺亚科 Emarginulinae Children, 1834
- Genus Clypidina Gray, 1847
- 边罅螺属 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801：又名鳞䗩属
- Genus Fissurisepta Sequenza, 1863
- Genus Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
- Genus Nesta H. Adams, 1870
- Genus Notomella Cotton, 1957
- 天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
- 笠罅螺属 Scutus Montfort, 1810
- 土加䗩属 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843
- Genus Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- Subfamily Fissurellidinae
- Subfamily Fissurellinae
- Rimulidae Anton, 1838
- Zeidoridae Naef, 1913

但由于现时基于分子分类学的文献不断更新，现时普遍不区分亚科现详列全部的属。以下为现时属于本科的属：

- Altrix Palmer, 1942
- Amblychilepas Pilsbry, 1890
- Buchanania Lesson, 1830
- Clathrosepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- Clypidina Gray, 1847
- Cornisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- Dendrofissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
- 平伞裂裙螺（Diodora cf. mus (Reeve)）：又名黑斑透孔螺
- 榖米螺属 Dentimargo
- 边罅螺属 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Fissurella Bruguière, 1789
- Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1841
- Fissurisepta Seguenza, 1863
- Hemimarginula McLean, 2011
- Hemitoma 威廉·斯温森, 1840
- Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
- Laevinesta Pilsbry and McGinty, 1952
- Leurolepas J. H. McLean, 1970
- Lucapinella Pilsbry, 1890
- Macroschisma Sowerby, 1839
- Manganesepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- Medusafissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
- Montfortia Récluz, 1843
- 凸螺属 Montfortista Iredale, 1929
- Montfortula Iredale, 1915
- Montfortulana Habe, 1961
- Nesta Adams, 1870
- Octomarginula McLean, 2011
- Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
- Profundisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- 天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
- Pupillaea Gray In Sowerby, 1835
- Rimula DeFrance, 1827
- Scelidotoma Choe, Yoon and Habe, 1992
- 笠罅螺属 Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Stromboli Berry, 1954
- 土加䗩属 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843
- Tugalina Habe, 1953
- Variemarginula McLean, 2011
- Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

异名：

- Austroglyphis Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Aviscutum Iredale, 1940: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Capiluna Gray, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- 孔螺属 Cranopsis A. Adams, 1860：今作 天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
- Cemoria Risso, 1826 ex Leach MS: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Cremoria Gray, 1842: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Elegidion Iredale, 1924: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- 边罅螺属 Emarginella Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Entomella Cotton, 1945: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Fissuridea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Glyphis Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Legrandia Beddome, 1883: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- Megatebennus Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1839
- Nannoscutum Iredale, 1937: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Nesta H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- Notomella Cotton, 1957: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Parmophoridea Wenz, 1938: synonym of Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
- Parmophorus Blainville, 1817: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Plagiorhytis P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Montfortula Iredale, 1915
- Scutum P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Semperia Crosse, 1867: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Sipho T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Siphonella Issel, 1869: synonym of Montfortista Iredale, 1929
- Subemarginula Gray, 1847: synonym of Hemitoma Swainson, 1840
- Subzeidora Iredale, 1924: synonym of Emarginula (Subzeidora) Iredale, 1924
- Tugalia Gray, 1857: synonym of Tugali Gray, 1843
- Vacerra Iredale, 1924: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Zidora P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

## 延伸阅读

- Sowerby, G.B. Jr. (1862). Monograph of the family Fissurellidae. Reprinted edition (1982). Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Luis Pisani Burnay: Lisboa, Portugal. 183-206, 9 col. Plates pp.

## 外部链接

- Archerd Shell Collection : Fissurellidae

## 基本资料

- 学名：Fissurellidae
- 说明：一组Diodora cayenensis的螺壳
- parent_authority：约翰·佛莱明 (博物学家), 1822
- 命名者：Fleming, 1822
- 栽培群成员：见内文
- 模式属：Fissurella Bruguière, 1789