墨头鱼属

墨头鱼属（学名：Garra）为辐鳍鱼纲鲤形目鲤科野鲮亚科的一个属，常用于水族缸内以清除缸内生长的蓝藻。尽管本属物种的绝大部分（超过100个物种）原生于亚洲，当中有五分之一物种分布于非洲（但只限于东中及西非，不包括北非及南部非洲），当中以埃塞俄比亚的物种多样性最高。

本属由苏格兰自然学家弗朗西斯·布坎南-汉密尔顿（Francis Buchanan-Hamilton）于1822年建立，作为鲤属之下的一个亚属，未有指定模式属。

## 物种

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现时本属有物种122种，分别如下：

Garra abhoyai｜Hora, 1921

埃塞俄比亚墨头鱼｜Garra aethiopica｜Pellegrin, 1927

异口墨头鱼｜Garra allostoma｜T. R. Roberts, 1990

高体墨头鱼｜Garra alticorpora｜Chu et Cui

Garra alticaputus｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

安氏墨头鱼｜Garra annandalei｜Hora, 1921(Annandale garra)

天竺墨头鱼｜Garra apogon｜Norman, 1925

Garra arunachalensis｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013

阿勒氏墨头鱼｜Garra arupi｜Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & D. N. Das, 2009

巴氏墨头鱼｜Garra barreimiae｜Fowler & Steinitz, 1956

- Garra barreimiae barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956
- Garra barreimiae shawkahensis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977

双须墨头鱼｜Garra bibarbatus｜V. H. Nguyễn, 2001

双角墨头鱼｜Garra bicornuta｜Narayan Rao, 1920(Tunga garra)

Garra bimaculacauda｜Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016

Garra birostris｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013

Garra bisangularis｜Z. M. Chen, X. Y. Wu & H. Xiao, 2010

双刺墨头鱼｜Garra bispinosa｜E. Zhang, 2005

布氏墨头鱼｜Garra blanfordii｜Boulenger, 1901

博尼墨头鱼｜Garra borneensis｜Vaillant, 1902

伯氏墨头鱼｜Garra bourreti｜Pellegrin, 1928

比氏墨头鱼｜Garra buettikeri｜Krupp, 1983

纹尾盆唇鱼｜Garra caudofasciatus

斯里兰卡墨头鱼｜Garra ceylonensis｜Bleeker, 1863(Ceylon logsucker)

Garra chakpiensis｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015

穴栖墨头鱼｜Garra chebera｜Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010

侧扁墨头鱼｜Garra compressus｜Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998

刚果墨头鱼｜Garra congoensis｜Poll, 1959(Congo logsucker)

缺须盆唇鱼｜Garra cryptonemus

圆口墨头鱼｜Garra cyclostomata｜Đ. Y. Mai, 1978

老挝墨头鱼｜Garra cyrano｜Kottelat, 2000

Garra dampaensis｜Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013

暗鳍墨头鱼｜Garra dembecha｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

登比墨头鱼｜Garra dembeensis｜Rüppell, 1835(Cameroon logsucker)

杜朗墨头鱼｜Garra dulongensis｜(Chen, Pan, Kong & Yang, 2006)

邓氏墨头鱼｜Garra dunsirei｜Banister, 1987

小须墨头鱼｜Garra duobarbis｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

长身墨头鱼｜Garra elongata｜Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000

Garra emarginata｜Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011

埃氏墨头鱼｜Garra ethelwynnae｜Menon, 1958

裂唇墨头鱼｜Garra findolabium｜F. L. Li, W. Zhou & Q. Fu, 2008

费氏墨头鱼｜Garra fisheri｜Fowler, 1937

熊猫墨头鱼｜Garra flavatra｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

Garra fluviatilis｜Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish, 2016

泰国墨头鱼｜Garra fuliginosa｜Fowler, 1934

格巴墨头鱼｜Garra geba｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

约旦墨头鱼｜Garra ghorensis｜Krupp, 1982(Jordanian logsucker)

Garra gotyla｜J. E. Gray, 1830

- 银色墨头鱼 Garra gotyla gotyla J. E. Gray, 1830(Sucker head)
- 狭吻墨头鱼 Garra gotyla stenorhynchus Jerdon, 1849(Nilgiris garra)

细墨头鱼｜Garra gracilis｜Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936

沟额墨头鱼｜Garra gravelyi｜Annandale, 1919

海南墨头鱼｜Garra hainanensis｜Y. R. Chen & C. Y. Zheng, 1983

欣氏墨头鱼｜Garra hindii｜Boulenger, 1905

休氏墨头鱼｜Garra hughi｜Silas, 1955(Cardamon garra)

伊氏墨头鱼｜Garra ignestii｜Gianferrari, 1925

无髭墨头鱼｜Garra imbarbatus｜V. H. Nguyễn, 2001

无须墨头鱼｜Garra imberba｜Garman, 1912，高体墨头鱼

无髯墨头鱼｜Garra imberbis｜Vinciguerra, 1890

Garra incisorbis｜Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2016

Garra jaldhakaensis｜Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das, 2021

乔丹墨头鱼｜Garra jordanica｜Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014

克拉肯德墨头鱼｜Garra kalakadensis｜Rema Devi, 1993

Garra kalpangi｜Nebeshwar, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012

西藏墨头鱼｜Garra kempi｜Hora, 1921(Kemp garra)

Garra khawbungi｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014

Garra kimini｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

越南墨头鱼｜Garra laichowensis｜V. H. Nguyễn & L. H. Doan, 1969

墨头鱼｜Garra lamta｜F. Hamilton, 1822

兰克墨头鱼｜Garra lancrenonensis｜Blache & Miton, 1960

华丽墨头鱼｜Garra lautior｜Banister, 1987

裸吻墨头鱼｜Garra lissorhynchus｜McClelland, 1842(Khasi garra)

利顿河墨头鱼｜Garra litanensis｜Vishwanath, 1993

长鳍墨头鱼｜Garra longipinnis｜Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977

Garra lorestanensis｜Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016

Garra magnidiscus｜Tamang, 2013

密金墨头鱼｜Garra makiensis｜Boulenger, 1904

也门墨头鱼｜Garra mamshuqa｜Krupp, 1983

曼尼普河墨头鱼｜Garra manipurensis｜Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988

麦氏墨头鱼｜Garra mcclellandi｜Jerdon, 1849(Cauvery garra)

梅氏墨头鱼｜Garra menoni｜Rema Devi & Indra, 1984

小垫墨头鱼｜Garra micropulvinus｜W. Zhou, X. F. Pan & Kottelat, 2005

Garra minimus｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

奇额墨头鱼｜Garra mirofrontis｜X. L. Chu & G. H. Cui, 1987

Garra mlapparaensis｜Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011

马耶墨头鱼｜Garra mullya｜Sykes, 1839(Mullya garra)

那加墨头鱼｜Garra naganensis｜Hora, 1921(Naga garra)

溪墨头鱼｜Garra nambulica｜Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005

Garra namyaensis｜Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012

长须墨头鱼｜Garra nasuta｜McClelland, 1838(Nose logsucker)

Garra nethravathiensis｜Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014

Garra nigricauda｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

黑项墨头鱼｜Garra nigricollis｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

显赫墨头鱼｜Garra notata｜Blyth, 1860(Tenasserim garra)

怒江墨头鱼｜Garra nujiangensis｜Z. M. Chen, S. Zhao & J. X. Yang, 2009

东方墨头鱼｜Garra orientalis｜Nichols, 1925

饰妆墨头鱼｜Garra ornata｜Nichols & Griscom, 1917

Garra palaruvica｜Arunachalam, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013

Garra panitvongi｜Tangjitjaroen, Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page, 2023

光吻墨头鱼｜Garra paralissorhynchus｜Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005

Garra parastenorhynchus｜Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016

佩里亚湖墨头鱼｜Garra periyarensis｜Gopi, 2001

伊朗墨头鱼｜Garra persica｜L. S. Berg, 1914

菲氏墨头鱼｜Garra phillipsi｜Deraniyagala, 1933(Philipps' garra)

Garra pingi

- 墨头鱼 Garra pingi subsp. pingi Tchang

斑尾色墨头鱼｜Garra poecilura｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

波氏墨头鱼｜Garra poilanei｜Petit & T. L. Tchang, 1933

吻垫墨头鱼｜Garra propulvinus｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

桥街墨头鱼｜Garra qiaojiensis｜H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977

Garra quadratirostris｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013

四斑墨头鱼｜Garra quadrimaculata｜Rüppell, 1835：又称蒂巴墨头鱼。

阔尾墨头鱼｜Garra rakhinica｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

寛尾墨头鱼｜Garra regressus｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

Garra rezai｜Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof, 2022

罗氏墨头鱼｜Garra robertsi｜R. J. Thoni & Mayden, 2015

露西卡墨头鱼｜Garra rossica｜A. M. Nikolskii, 1900

圆鼻墨头鱼｜Garra rotundinasus｜E. Zhang, 2006

淡红墨头鱼｜Garra rufa｜Heckel, 1843(Reddish logsucker)

岩间墨头鱼｜Garra rupecula｜McClelland, 1839(Mishmi garra)

Garra sahilia｜Krupp, 1983

沙特阿拉伯墨头鱼｜Garra sahilia gharbia｜Krupp, 1983

萨希利墨头鱼｜Garra sahilia sahilia｜Krupp, 1983

萨尔温江墨头鱼｜Garra salweenica｜Hora & Mukerji, 1934

斯马特墨头鱼｜Garra smarti｜Krupp & Budd, 2009

七星墨头鱼｜Garra spilota｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004：又称杂斑墨头鱼。

休伦氏墨头鱼｜Garra surendranathanii｜Shaji, Arun & Easa, 1996

Garra surinbinnani

塔纳湖墨头鱼｜Garra tana｜Getahun & Stiassny, 2007

腾冲墨头鱼｜Garra tengchongensis｜E. Zhang & Yi-Yu Chen, 2002

Garra tashanensis｜Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016

湄公河墨头鱼｜Garra theunensis｜Kottelat, 1998

Garra tibanica｜Trewavas, 1941

特氏墨头鱼｜Garra trewavasai｜Monod, 1950

Garra tyao｜Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014

Garra ukhrulensis｜Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015

变色墨头鱼｜Garra variabilis｜Heckel, 1843

饰带墨头鱼｜Garra vittatula｜S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004

Garra waensis｜Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014

旺氏墨头鱼｜Garra wanae｜Regan, 1914

瓦氏墨头鱼｜Garra waterloti｜Pellegrin, 1935

彝良墨头鱼｜Garra yiliangensis｜H. W. Wu & Q. Z. Chen, 1977，宜良墨头鱼

## 基本资料

- 学名：Garra
- 说明：Garra rufa
- 命名者：F. Hamilton, 1822
- 模式种：Garra rufa
- type_species_authority：Heckel, 1843
- 异名：Ageneiogarra Garman, 1912、Brachygramma Day, 1865、Discognathichthys Bleeker, 1860、Discognathus Heckel, 1843、Lissorhynchus Bleeker, 1860、Mayoa Day, 1870、Placocheilus Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen & He, 1977、Platycara McClelland, 1838