疣螈属

疣螈属（学名：Tylototriton），是蝾螈科中的一个属，也被称之为鳄鱼蝾螈（crocodile newts）、多节蝾螈（knobby newts）。

大多数物种是近期被报道的。它们分布于印度东北部、尼泊尔至缅甸、泰国北部、老挝、越南和中国南方。

## 特征

疣螈属物种皮肤粗糙，满布瘰粒和疣粒，有的体侧有12～16枚瘰粒或瘰疣连续隆起成纵行。头部扁平而宽短，无唇褶，头侧骨质脊棱明显，背正中脊棱明显。舌卵圆，前后端粘连，两侧游离。指、趾无蹼，尾一般侧扁较长。犁骨齿列呈“∧”形，前端会合；前颌骨2，鼻突短，不达额骨；鼻骨大，介于前颌骨和额骨之间，额鳞弧粗壮；上颌骨长，与方骨相触，翼骨前端或以韧带或直接与上颌骨连接。基舌软骨前端有2对指状突；角鳃骨2对，第二对软骨质，上鳃骨仅1对，骨质细小。大部分卵单生，产于静水中或塘边陆地潮湿环境中。睾丸豆形，每侧2～3叶。早期幼体眼后下方有平衡枝；3对羽状外鳃发达；体尾肥实，尾背鳍起于体背前部。成体一般营陆栖生活。

## 物种

截止2022年6月14日，根据 Amphibian Species of the World 中的数据，本属含有36种：

角疣螈｜Tylototriton anguliceps｜Le, Nguyen, Nishikawa, Nguyen, Pham, Matsui, Bernardes & Nguyen, 2015

安徽疣螈｜Tylototriton anhuiensis｜Qian, Sun, Li, Guo, Pan, Kang, Wang, Jiang, Wu & Zhang, 2017

细痣疣螈｜Tylototriton asperrimus｜Unterstein, 1930

宽脊疣螈｜Tylototriton broadoridgus｜Shen, Jiang & Mo, 2012

大别疣螈｜Tylototriton dabienicus｜Chen, Wang & Tao, 2010

大娄山疣螈｜Tylototriton daloushanensis｜Zhou, Xiao & Luo, 2022

桂林疣螈｜Tylototriton guilinensis｜Xiao, Chen, Wu, Pan, Chen, Yu & Huang, 2026

海南疣螈｜Tylototriton hainanensis｜Fei, Ye & Yang, 1984

喜山疣螈｜Tylototriton himalayanus｜Khatiwada, Wang, Ghimire, Vasudevan, Paudel & Jiang, 2015

玉龙疣螈｜Tylototriton (Tylototriton) houi｜Dufresnes & Hernandez, 2022

片马疣螈｜Tylototriton joe｜Rao, Zeng, Zhu and Ma, 2022

克钦疣螈｜Tylototriton kachinorum｜Zaw, Lay, Pawangkhanant, Gorin & Poyarkov, 2019

贵州疣螈｜Tylototriton kweichowensis｜Fang & Chang, 1932

浏阳疣螈｜Tylototriton liuyangensis｜Yang, Jiang, Shen & Fei, 2014

莽山疣螈｜Tylototriton lizhengchangi｜Hou, Zhang, Jiang, Li & Lu, 2012

茂兰疣螈｜Tylototriton maolanensis｜Li, Wei, Cheng, Zhang, and Wang, 2020

伊洛瓦底疣螈｜Tylototriton ngarsuensis｜Grismer, Wood, Quah, Thura, Espinoza, Grismer, Murdoch & Lin,2018，恩加苏疣螈

Tylototriton ngoclinhensis｜Phung, Pham, Nguyen, Ninh, Nguyen, Bernardes, Le, Ziegler & Nguyen, 2023

老挝疣螈｜Tylototriton notialis｜Stuart, Phimmachak, Sivongxay & Robichaud, 2010

潘氏疣螈｜Tylototriton panhai｜Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote & Matsui, 2013

邦瓦疣螈｜Tylototriton panwaensis｜Grismer, Wood, Quah, Thura, Espinoza & Murdoch, 2019

帕氏疣螈｜Tylototriton pasmansi｜M. Bernardes, M. D. Le, T. Q. Nguyen, C. T. Pham, A. V. Pham, T.T. Nguyen & T. Ziegler

- Tylototriton pasmansi obsti M. Bernardes, M. D. Le, T. Q. Nguyen, C.T. Pham, A. V. Pham, T.T. Nguyen & T. Ziegler

普卡疣螈｜Tylototriton phukhaensis｜Pomchote, Khonsue, Thammachoti, Hernandez, Suwannapoom et Nishikawa

琅勃拉邦疣螈｜Tylototriton podichthys｜Phimmachak, Aowphol & Stuart, 2015

Tylototriton primigenius｜Noble, 1928

川南疣螈｜Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus｜Hou, Gu, Zhang, Zeng & Lu, 2012

丽色疣螈｜Tylototriton pulcherrimus｜Hou, Zhang, Li & Lu, 2021

红瘰疣螈｜Tylototriton shanjing｜Nussbaum, Brodie & Yang, 1995 — 曾被视为黑棕疣螈

缅甸疣螈｜Tylototriton shanorum｜Nishikawa, Matsui & Rao, 2014

辛氏疣螈｜Tylototriton sini｜Lyu, Wang, Zeng, Zhou, Qi, Wan & Wang

斯氏疣螈｜Tylototriton sparreboomi｜Bernardes, Le, Nguyen, Pham, Pham, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2020

大凉疣螈｜Tylototriton taliangensis｜Liu, 1950

泰疣螈｜Tylototriton thaiorum｜Poyarkov, Nguyen & Arkhipov, 2021

桐梓疣螈｜Tylototriton tongziensis｜Li, Liu, Shi, Wei & Wang, 2022

翁庞疣螈｜Tylototriton umphangensis｜Pomchote, Peerachidacho, Hernandez, Sapewisut, Khonsue, Thammachoti & Nishikawa, 2021

清迈疣螈｜Tylototriton uyenoi｜Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote & Matsui, 2013

黑棕疣螈｜Tylototriton verrucosus｜Anderson, 1871，棕黑疣螈

越南疣螈｜Tylototriton vietnamensis｜Böhme, Schöttler, Nguyen & Köhler, 2005

Tylototriton vietnamirabilis｜Ong, T. Q. Phan, Hoang, M. H. T. Nguyen, T. T. Nguyen, Ziegler, T. Q. Nguyen and C. T. Pham, 2026

文县疣螈｜Tylototriton wenxianensis｜Fei, Ye & Yang, 1984

五峰瑶螈｜Tylototriton wufengensis｜Li, Shi, Liu, Luo, J. Wang, Liao, Y. Wang, Gong, Wu & B. Wang, 2026

滇南疣螈｜Tylototriton yangi｜Hou, Zhang, Zhou, Li & Lu, 2012

再蒙疣螈｜Tylototriton zaimeng｜Decemson, Lalremsanga, Elangbam, Vabeiryureilai, Shinde, Purkayastha, Arkhipov, Bragin & Poyarkov, 2023

蔡氏疣螈｜Tylototriton ziegleri｜Nishikawa, Matsui & Nguyen, 2013

## 保育状况

本属所有种均被列为《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录二的物种，被限制出口及贸易。

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- 红瘰疣螈 Tylototriton shanjing

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- 黑棕疣螈 Tylototriton verrucosus

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- 蔡氏疣螈（Tylototriton ziegleri）

## 外部链接

- Tylototriton at CalPhotos
- 余平静 赵尔宓.，我国棘螈属（Echinotriton）和疣螈属（Tylototriton）的研究概况. 《四川动物》2005年第04期

## 基本资料

- 说明：红瘰疣螈 Tylototriton shanjing
- 学名：Tylototriton
- 命名者：Andersson, 1871
- 模式种：棕黑疣螈、Tylototriton verrucosus
- type_species_authority：Anderson, 1871