旋螺属

旋螺属（学名：Gyraulus），又名圆口扁蜷属，为腹足纲泛有肺类扁卷螺科，体型细小，大多数为会呼吸空气的淡水螺。部分物种乃中国特有物种。

本属物种最早出现的时间，根据化石纪录，可以上推至早白垩世，一直延续至今。在今日华北地区的热河群义县组的湖底沉积物（具体位置在今日的北京城郊邻近河北省的下庄乡）发现本属物种的化石，年代可上溯至1.25亿年前。

微细的物种Gyraulus crista在技术上虽然仍是一只有肺类的腹足纲物种，这些动物其实并不会在空气中呼吸，而是依靠充满了水的外套膜。

## 分布

本属物种广泛分布于全北区。

## 习性

旋螺属在淡水的水生植物上生活。

## 型态描述

螺壳半透明，质薄，体型小，而且大多数都是平旋壳。

## 物种

WoRMS记载本属已纪录的名称达420个，当中已接受的现生种及化石种名称也有241个。过往旋螺属的物种可以再分为以下三个亚属：

- subgenus Torquis Dall, 1905
- subgenus Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967
- subgenus Armiger Hartmann, 1843

但这种分类现时只被作“另类表达方式”来处理。

以下详列本属之亚属及其物种：

亚属 Armiger W. Hartmann, 1843

- Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758) - Nautilus ramshorn
- † Gyraulus cristaeformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
- † Gyraulus decorus (Roshka, 1973)
- † Gyraulus geniculatus (Sandberger, 1875)
- † Gyraulus gracilis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
- † Gyraulus lenapalus (Bourguignat, 1881)
- † Gyraulus lluecai (Royo Gómez, 1922)
- † Gyraulus nautiliformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
- † Gyraulus subptychophorus (Halaváts, 1903)

亚属 Carinogyraulus Polinski, 1929: represented as Gyraulus

亚属 Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837

- † Gyraulus aegaeus Willmann, 1981
- † Gyraulus bachmayeri Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
- † Gyraulus bigueti (Fontannes, 1881)
- † Gyraulus brlici Brusina, 1897
- † Gyraulus brusinai (Lörenthey, 1894)
- 中华旋螺 Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)
- † Gyraulus connivens (Eichwald, 1830)
- † Gyraulus constans (Brusina, 1884)
- † Gyraulus dalmaticus (Brusina, 1884)
- † Gyraulus deflexus (Sandberger, 1859)
- † Gyraulus dimitrovici (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus doseni (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus formosus (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus fragilis (Pavlović, 1903)
- † Gyraulus goussardianus (Noulet, 1854)
- † Gyraulus hians (Rolle, 1860)
- † Gyraulus hoernesi (Rolle, 1860)
- † Gyraulus inornatus (Brusina, 1902)
- Gyraulus ioanis Gloer & Pesic, 2007
- Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)
- † Gyraulus jukici (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus jurkovici (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus katurici (Brusina, 1897)
- † Gyraulus kosovensis (Pavlović, 1903)
- † Gyraulus lazici (Brusina, 1892)
- † Gyraulus lendli (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus lineolatus (Brusina, 1878)
- † Gyraulus lorentheyi (Brusina, 1902)
- Gyraulus meierbrooki Gloer & Pesic, 2007
- † Gyraulus multicingulatus (Wenz, 1919)
- † Gyraulus nematophorus (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus novaki (Brusina, 1897)
- † Gyraulus nusici (Pavlović, 1903)
- † Gyraulus oncostomus (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus orahovacensis (Pavlović, 1903)
- † Gyraulus pachychilus (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus parvulus (Lörenthey, 1906)
- † Gyraulus pavlovici (Brusina, 1893)
- † Gyraulus phacecercus (Brusina, 1902)
- Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)
- † Gyraulus ponticus (Lörenthey, 1893)
- † Gyraulus porcellaneus (Lörenthey, 1902)
- † Gyraulus praeponticus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890)
- † Gyraulus ptychostomus (Brusina, 1902)
- † Gyraulus rotella (Rousseau, 1842)
- Gyraulus shasi Gloer & Pesic, 2007
- † Gyraulus sibinjensis (Brusina, 1897)
- † Gyraulus slavonicus (Brusina, 1897)
- † Gyraulus spratti (Forbes, 1845)
- † Gyraulus stoppanii (Sacco, 1886)
- Gyraulus stroemi (Westerlund, 1881)
- † Gyraulus subverticillus (Oppenheim, 1919)
- † Gyraulus sulfureus (Royo Gómez, 1922)
- † Gyraulus tenuistriatus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1899)
- † Gyraulus tetracarinatus (Pavlović, 1903)
- † Gyraulus virgatus (Ludwig, 1865)
- † Gyraulus zoebeleini Schlickum & Strauch, 1974

亚属 Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967: represented as Gyraulis

亚属 Nautilinus Mousson, 1872

- Gyraulus clymene (Shuttleworth, 1852)

亚属 Torquis Dall, 1905

- Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)

亚属 ?

- Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
- † Gyraulus albertanus (Clessin, 1877)
- Gyraulus albidus Radoman, 1953
- Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774) - White ramshorn
- † Gyraulus alienus (Rolle, 1862)
- † Gyraulus andrussovi (Ali-Zade & Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969)
- † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845)
- Gyraulus argaeicus (Sturany, 1904)
- † Gyraulus arminiensis Jekelius, 1932
- † Gyraulus atkinsoni (Johnston, 1879)
- † Gyraulus bakonicus (Halaváts, 1903)
- Gyraulus bekaensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2007
- Gyraulus biwaensis (Preston, 1916)
- † Gyraulus bondartchuki (Prysjazhnjuk, 1974)
- † Gyraulus chaenostomus (Brusina, 1902)
- Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)
- † Gyraulus circumstriatus (Tryon, 1866)
- 凸旋螺 Gyraulus convexiusculus
- Gyraulus corinna (Gray, 1850)
- † Gyraulus costatus (Klein, 1846)
- Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss, 1848)
- Gyraulus crenophilus Hubendick & Radoman, 1959
- † Gyraulus crescens (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus cryptornatus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- † Gyraulus dealbatus (Braun in Walchner, 1851)
- Gyraulus deflectus
- † Gyraulus denudatus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus distortus (Hyatt, 1880)
- † Gyraulus doricus (Bukowski, 1896)
- Gyraulus edgbastonensis D. S. Brown, 2001
- † Gyraulus edlaueri (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- Gyraulus egirdirensis Glöer & Girod, 2013
- † Gyraulus ehrenbergi (Beck, 1837)
- Gyraulus elenae Vinarski, Glöer & Palatov, 2013
- Gyraulus essingtonensis (E. A. Smith, 1882)
- Gyraulus eugyne Meier-Brook, 1983
- Gyraulus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)
- Gyraulus fontinalis Hubendick & Radoman, 1959
- † Gyraulus fuchsi (Lörenthey, 1902)
- † Gyraulus geminus (Brusina, 1897)
- Gyraulus gilberti (Dunker, 1848)
- † Gyraulus globosus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- † Gyraulus goetzendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- Gyraulus hebraicus (Bourguignat, 1852)
- † Gyraulus helicophantoides (Pavlović, 1927)
- † Gyraulus homalosomus (Brusina, 1902)
- Gyraulus homsensis (Dautzenberg, 1894)
- Gyraulus hornensis F. C. Baker, 1934
- Gyraulus huwaizahensis Glôer & Naser, 2005
- Gyraulus ioanis Glöer & Pešić, 2007
- Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)
- Gyraulus kahuica (Finlay & Laws, 1931)
- † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
- Gyraulus kosiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Gyraulus krohi Neubauer & Harzhauser in Harzhauser et al., 2014
- Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
- † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854)
- Gyraulus luguhuensis Shu, Köhler, Fu & Wang, 2013
- Gyraulus lychnidicus Hesse, 1928
- † Gyraulus marinkovici (Brusina, 1892)
- † Gyraulus matraensis Gál et al., 1999 †
- Gyraulus mauritianus (Morelet, 1876)
- Gyraulus meierbrooki Glöer & Pešić, 2007
- † Gyraulus micromphalus (Fuchs, 1870)
- † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus nedici (Brusina, 1902)
- Gyraulus nedyalkovi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
- † Gyraulus oecsensis Wenz, 1919
- † Gyraulus okrugljakensis Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 †
- † Gyraulus oxystoma (Klein, 1846)
- Gyraulus pamphylicus Glöer & Rähle, 2009
- Gyraulus parvus (Say, 1817)
- Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)
- † Gyraulus platystomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993 (?)
- † Gyraulus popovici (Pavlović, 1927)
- † Gyraulus primiformis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- † Gyraulus protectus Jekelius, 1944
- † Gyraulus protocrescens Nützel & Bandel, 1993
- † Gyraulus pseudhomalosomus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- † Gyraulus pseudotenuis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus ptycophorus (Brusina, 1892)
- † Gyraulus pulici (Brusina, 1897)
- † Gyraulus quadrangulus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
- † Gyraulus rasseri Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014†
- † Gyraulus revertens (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus rhytidophorus (Brusina, 1902)
- Gyraulus riparius
- Gyraulus rossmaessleri (Auerswald, 1852)
- Gyraulus stankovici Hadzisce, 1955
- Gyraulus rotula (Benson, 1850)
- † Gyraulus rotundistomus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- † Gyraulus rotundostomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993
- † Gyraulus rumanus Wenz in Krejci-Graf & Wenz, 1932
- † Gyraulus sabljari (Brusina, 1892)
- † Gyraulus sachsenhoferi Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2012
- † Gyraulus seibersdorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- Gyraulus shasi Glöer & Pešić, 2007
- Gyraulus sivalensis (Clessin, 1884)
- † Gyraulus soceni Jekelius, 1944
- † Gyraulus solenoeides (Lörenthey, 1902)
- 圆口扁蜷 Gyraulus spirillus (Gould, 1859)
- Gyraulus stankovici Hadžišče, 1953
- † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus subhemistoma (d'Orbigny, 1852)
- † Gyraulus sulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus supremus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus symmetricus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- Gyraulus taseviensis Glöer & Girod, 2013
- Gyraulus terraesacrae Rensch, 1934
- Gyraulus tokyoensis (Mori, 1938)
- Gyraulus transsylvanicus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) †
- Gyraulus trapezoides Polinski, 1929
- † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)
- † Gyraulus trolli (Sauerzopf, 1953)
- † Gyraulus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944
- Gyraulus vermicularis (Gould, 1847)
- † Gyraulus vermicularis (Stoliczka, 1862)
- † Gyraulus verticillus (Brusina, 1892)
- † Gyraulus vrapceanus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014
- Gyraulus waterhousei (Clessin, 1885)
- † Gyraulus zemendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953)

Species inquerenda:

- Gyraulus acutus Clessin, 1907
- Gyraulus percarinatus Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4)

Species brought into synonymy:

- Gyraulus deformis Hartmann, 1844: synonym of Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
- † Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845)
- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus var. ludovici (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854)
- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. aequeumbilicatus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subinvolutus Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subkleini Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis var. parvus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. teres (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. elegans (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)
- † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. turbiniformis (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)

## 外部链接

- BioLib taxonomy info
- Gyraulus images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life

## 基本资料

- 说明：Gyraulus crista的两个壳
- 学名：Gyraulus
- 命名者：Charpentier, 1837
- 模式种：Planorbis albus O. F. Müller, 1774
- 异名：Anisus (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus has genus rank)、Armiger Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)、Caillaudia Bourguignat, 1883、Glyptanisus Iredale, 1943、Gyraulus (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843、Gyraulus (Caillaudia) Bourguignat, 1883、Gyraulus (Carinogyraulus) Polinski, 1929、Gyraulus (Choanomphalodes) Lindholm, 1927、Gyraulus (Gyraulus) Charpentier, 1837、Gyraulus (Lamorbis) Starobogatov, 1967、Gyraulus (Torquis) Dall, 1905、Planorbis (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)、Planorbis (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus is treated as separate genus)