马尔科姆·劳瑞

克拉伦斯·马尔科姆·劳瑞（Clarence Malcolm Lowry，1909年7月28日－1957年6月26日）是英国诗人和小说家，他最著名的作品是小说《在火山下》，该著作被纽约公共图书馆《世纪之书》以及兰登书屋《当代文库》选作20世纪百大英文小说第11名。.

## 写作

劳瑞一生著作出版其实很少，相比之下他去世时却留下了大量的未完成的手稿。在他的两部小说中，在火山下 (1947)目前被普遍认为是杰出之作，也是20世纪最杰出的小说之一(《当代文库》 20世纪百大英文小说第11名). 这本书展现的劳瑞的写作手法特点，包括重点使用自传式的素材，并且充满了复杂的、隐喻性的象征手法写作。在火山下描述了一系列复杂、让人难以接受的恶劣人际关系，而写作背景则是墨西哥的火山喷发。

火山：关于劳瑞的生死调查 (1976)是加拿大电影局拍摄的获得奥斯卡提名的纪录片，制片人是Donald Brittain and Robert A. Duncan，导演则是 Brittain and John Kramer. 该片开创了对劳瑞“意外事故死亡”的调查，然后倒叙讲述作者生活。片中还包括劳瑞作品的节选，由Richard Burton朗读，背景则拍摄于墨西哥、美国、加拿大和英格兰。

## 作品列表

- Ultramarine (1933)
- 在火山下 (1947), 1984年被 约翰·休斯顿 拍成电影

### 死后出版

- Hear Us O Lord from Heaven Thy Dwelling Place (1961)
- Selected Poems of Malcolm Lowry (1962)
- Lunar Caustic (1968)
- Dark as the Grave wherein my Friend is Laid (1968)
- October Ferry to Gabriola (1970)
- The Cinema of Malcolm Lowry: A Scholarly Edition of Malcolm Lowry's "Tender is the Night" edited by Miquel Mota & Paul Tiessen (1990)
- The 1940 Under The Volcano (1994)
- La Mordida edited by Patrick A. McCarthy (1996)

## 继续阅读

- An Anthology from X (Oxford University Press 1988). X (magazine) ran from 1959–62. Edited by David Wright & Patrick Swift. Contributions from Lowry, W.H. Auden, Samuel Beckett, Alberto Giacometti, Francis Bacon (painter), Stevie Smith, Robert Graves, David Gascoyne, et al.
- The Collected Poetry of Malcolm Lowry (1992) edited by Kathleen Scherf
- The Kaleidoscopic Vision of Malcolm Lowry: Souls and Shamans, by Nigel H. Foxcroft, (Lexington Books: Lanham, MD, 2019). ISBN 978-1-4985-1657-0
- The Voyage That Never Ends (2007), selected stories, poems, and letters; edited by Michael Hofmann
- Grace, Sherrill. (2009). Strange Comfort: Essays on the Work of Malcolm Lowry. Talonbooks: Vancouver, B.C. ISBN 978-0-88922-618-0
- Malcolm Lowry from the Mersey to the World (2009) edited by Bryan Biggs and Helen Tookey

## 传记

- Lowry, a Biography, Douglas Day (1973)
- Volcano: An Inquiry Into the Life and Death of Malcolm Lowry, National Film Board of Canada, (1976)
- Malcolm Lowry Remembered, G. Bowker, ed (1985)
- Pursued by Furies: A Life of Malcolm Lowry, G. Bowker (1993)
- Inside the Volcano: My Life with Malcolm Lowry, Jan Gabrial (2000)

## 来源

- Asals, Frederick, The making of Malcolm Lowry's Under the volcano (University of Georgia: Athens, 1997)
- Bareham, Tony, Modern Novelists: Malcolm Lowry (St Martins: New York, 1989)
- Bowker, Gordon, ed, Malcolm Lowry Remembered (Ariel: London, 1985)
- Bradbrook, M.C., Malcolm Lowry: His Art and Early Life (CUP: Cambridge, 1974)
- Cross, Richard K., Malcolm Lowry: a preface to his fiction (Athlone Press: London, 1980)
- Foxcroft, Nigel H., The Kaleidoscopic Vision of Malcolm Lowry: Souls and Shamans (Lexington Books: Lanham, MD, 2019). ISBN 978-1-4985-1657-0
- Hochschild, Adam, Finding the Trapdoor: Essays, Portraits, Travels, pp. 265–73, "The Private Volcano of Malcolm Lowry," (Syracuse University Press: Syracuse, 1997)
- Miller, David, Malcolm Lowry and the voyage that never ends (Enitharmon Press: London, 1976)
- Smith, Anne, The art of Malcolm Lowry (Vision: London, 1978)
- Stevenson, Randall, The British Novel Since the Thirties (Batsford: London, 1986)
- Vice, Sue, Malcolm Lowry eighty years on (St. Martins Press: New York, 1989)
- Woolmer, J. Howard, Malcolm Lowry: a bibliography (Woolmer/Brotherson: Pennsylvania, 1983)

## 外部链接s

- 劳瑞的在火山下
- A Hypertextual Companion to Under the Volcano
- Short Excerpt from Dark As The Grave
- Photo of the beach where Malcolm Lowry's shack was located in North Vancouver, Canada
- Volcano: An Inquiry into the Life and Death of Malcolm Lowry , film from the NFB .
- Audiobook (mp3) of the preface written in 1948 by Malcolm Lowry for French readers of Under the Volcano.
- Malcolm Lowry entry at The Canadian Encyclopedia

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：Malcolm Lowry
- 出生：Malcolm Lowry
- 出生日期：1909年7月28日
- 出生地：英格兰柴郡沃勒西
- 逝世日期：1957年6月26日
- 逝世地：英格兰萨塞克斯郡查尔温顿和里佩
- 配偶：Jan Gabrial (1934–1937)、Margerie Bonner (1940–1957, his death)
- 职业：小说家，诗人
- 文学运动：现代主义
- 代表作：Ultramarine (1933), 在火山下(1947), Hear Us O Lord from Heaven Thy Dwelling Place (1961), Lunar Caustic (1968), Dark as the Grave wherein my Friend is Laid (1968), October Ferry to Gabriola (1970)
- 受影响于：康拉德·艾肯、赫尔曼·梅尔维尔、费奥多尔·杜斯妥也夫斯基、卡夫卡、杰克·伦敦、列夫·托尔斯泰、海明威、詹姆斯·乔伊斯、威廉·福克纳、索福克勒斯