蜘蛛抱蛋属

蜘蛛抱蛋属（学名：Aspidistra）是天门冬科下的一个属，为多年生草本植物，许多种类辐射对称的花被裂片像蜘蛛的腿，包围着像蛋一样的圆形花筒或庞大的柱头，开花时像一只只抱着蛋的蜘蛛，属名因此称为蜘蛛抱蛋。该属为亚洲特有种，现已记录大约200种，分布于亚洲的热带、亚热带地区。中国有一半以上的种类。

## 下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

碟柱蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra acetabuliformis｜Y.Wan & C.C.Huang

Aspidistra alata｜Tillich

白花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra albiflora｜C.R.Lin, W.B.Xu & Yan Liu

Aspidistra albopurpurea｜Aver. & Tillich

忻城蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra alternativa｜D.Fang & L.Y.Yu

Aspidistra anomala｜Aver. & Tillich

海防蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra arnautovii｜Tillich

- 防城蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra arnautovii var. angustifolia L. Wu & Y. Feng Huang
- 吉婆岛蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra arnautovii subsp. catbaensis

Aspidistra atrata｜Aver., Tillich & B.H.Quang

Aspidistra atroviolacea｜Tillich

薄叶蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra attenuata｜Hayata

黔南蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra australis｜S.Z.He & W.F.Xu

华南蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra austrosinensis｜Y.Wan & C.C.Huang

滇南蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra austroyunnanensis｜G.W.Hu, Lei Cai & Q.F.Wang, 2018

Aspidistra averyanovii｜N.S.Lý & Tillich

巴马蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra bamaensis｜C.R.Lin, Y.Y.Liang & Yan Liu

基生蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra basalis｜Tillich

Aspidistra bella｜Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen

两色蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra bicolor｜Tillich

宁平蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra bogneri｜Tillich

Aspidistra brachystyla｜Aver. & Tillich

Aspidistra cadamensis｜N.S.Lý & Tillich

丛生蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra caespitosa｜C.Pei

Aspidistra campanulata｜Tillich

天峨蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra carinata｜Y.Wan & X.H.Lu

Aspidistra carnosa｜Tillich

洞生蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra cavicola｜D.Fang & K.C.Yen

蜡黄蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra cerina｜G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang

赤水蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra chishuiensis｜S.Z.He & W.F.Xu

Aspidistra chongzuoensis｜C.R.Lin & Y.S.Huang

春秀蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra chunxiuensis｜C.R.Lin & Yan Liu

Aspidistra clausa｜Vislobokov

棒蕊蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra claviformis｜Y.Wan

隐花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra cleistantha｜D.X.Nong & H.Z.Lü

Aspidistra coccigera｜Aver. & Tillich

大柱蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra columellaris｜Tillich

合瓣蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra connata｜Tillich

Aspidistra corniculata｜Vislobokov

粗丝蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra crassifila｜Yan Liu & C.I Peng

十字蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra cruciformis｜Y.Wan & X.H.Lu

Aspidistra cryptantha｜Tillich

杯花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra cyathiflora｜Y.Wan & C.C.Huang

Aspidistra cylindrica｜Vislobokov & Nuraliev

大武蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra daibuensis｜Hayata

- 琅峤蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra daibuensis var. longkiauensis C.T.Lu, M.J.Yang & J.C.Wang, 2023

大新蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra daxinensis｜M.F.Hou & Yan Liu

Aspidistra deflexa｜Aver., Tillich & V.T.Pham

景洪蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra depingiana｜Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding，以已故植物分类学家叶德平先生命名

Aspidistra dodecandra｜(Gagnep.) Tillich

长药蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra dolichanthera｜X.X.Chen

峨边蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra ebianensis｜K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu

蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra elatior｜Blume

- 台湾蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra elatior var. attenuata (Hayata) S.S.Ying

Aspidistra elegans｜Aver. & Tillich

Aspidistra erecta｜Yan Liu & C.I Peng

Aspidistra erosa｜Aver., Tillich, T.A.Le & K.S.Nguyen

Aspidistra erythrocephala｜C.R.Lin & Y.Y.Liang

背药蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra extrorsa｜C.R.Lin & D.X.Nong

带叶蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra fasciaria｜G.Z.Li

凤凰蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra fenghuangensis｜K.Y.Lang

流苏蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra fimbriata｜F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang

黄花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra flaviflora｜K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu

Aspidistra foliosa｜Tillich

台岛蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra formosa｜(Tillich) Aver. et Tillich

伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra fungilliformis｜Y.Wan

Aspidistra geastrum｜Tillich

Aspidistra glandulosa｜(Gagnep.) Tillich

Aspidistra glandulosa｜Pierre ex Gagnep.

Aspidistra globosa｜Vislobokov & Nuraliev

细长梗蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra gracilis｜Tillich

Aspidistra graminifolia｜Aver. & Tillich

巨花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra grandiflora｜Tillich

广西蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra guangxiensis｜S.C.Tang & Yan Liu

贵州蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra guizhouensis｜S.Z.He & W.F.Xu

海南蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra hainanensis｜Chun et How

河口蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra hekouensis｜H.Li, C.L.Long & Bogner

Aspidistra heterocarpa｜Aver., Tillich & V.T.Pham

Aspidistra heterotepala｜T.C. Hsu & Luu

Aspidistra hexianensis｜J.L.Huang & D.Y.Hong

贺州蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra hezhouensis｜Q.Gao & Yan Liu

环江蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra huanjiangensis｜G.Z.Li & Y.G.Wei

滑水山蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra huashuishanensis｜C.R. Lin, Y.H. Tong & Y.Q. Li, 2026

Aspidistra jiewhoei｜Tillich

靖西蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra jingxiensis｜Yan Liu & C.R.Lin

Aspidistra khangii｜Aver. & Tillich

Aspidistra laongamensis｜C.R.Lin & X.Y.Huang

Aspidistra laotica｜Aver. & Tillich

黑花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra larutensis｜W.J.de Wilde & A.Vogel

Aspidistra lateralis｜Tillich

阔柱蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra latistyla｜F.Y.Mo, C.R.Lin & Yan Liu, 2021

乐山蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra leshanensis｜K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu

Aspidistra letreae｜Aver., Tillich & T.A.Le

白柱蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra leucographa｜C.R.Lin & C.Y.Zou

Aspidistra leyeensis｜Y.Wan & C.C.Huang

荔波蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra liboensis｜S.Z.He & J.Y.Wu

线叶蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra linearifolia｜Y.Wan & C.C.Huang

灵川蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra lingchuanensis｜C.R.Lin & L.F.Guo

凌云蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra lingyunensis｜C.R.Lin & L.F.Guo

浅裂蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra lobata｜Tillich

Aspidistra locii｜Arnautov & Bogner

隆安蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longanensis｜Y.Wan

隆安蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longgangensis｜C.R.Lin, Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu

隆回蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longhuiensis｜G.W. Hu, Zhi Wang & Q.F. Wang

Aspidistra longiconnectiva｜C.T.Lu, K.C.Chuang & J.C.Wang

弄岗蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longgangensis｜C. R. Lin, Y. S. Huang & Yan Liu

龙州蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longzhouensis｜C. R. Lin, T. Meng & Yan Liu, 2023（广西）

长叶蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longifolia｜Hook.f.

巨型蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longiloba｜G.Z.Li

长梗蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longipedunculata｜D.Fang

长瓣蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longipetala｜S.Z.Huang

长筒蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longituba｜Yan Liu & C.R.Lin

龙胜蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra longshengensis｜C.R.Lin & W.B.Xu

Aspidistra lubae｜Aver. & Tillich

罗城蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra luochengensis｜B.Pan & C.R.Lin

罗甸蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra luodianensis｜D.D.Tao

九龙盘｜Aspidistra lurida｜KerGawl.

黄瓣蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra lutea｜Tillich

马关蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra maguanensis｜S.Z.He & D.H.Lv

Aspidistra marasmioides｜Tillich

啮边蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra marginella｜D.Fang & L.Zeng

Aspidistra medusa｜Aver., K.S.Nguyen & Tillich

Aspidistra micrantha｜Vislobokov & Nuraliev

Aspidistra minor｜Vislobokov, Nuraliev & M.S.Romanov

小花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra minutiflora｜Stapf

Aspidistra mirostigma｜Tillich

Aspidistra mokokchungensis｜D.K. Roy, N. Odyuo, R. Lytan, D.L. Biate & A.A. Mao

帆状蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra molendinacea｜G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang

Aspidistra multiflora｜Aver. & Tillich

糙果蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra muricata｜F.C.How

雾庄蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra mushaensis｜Hayata

南川蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra nanchuanensis｜Tillich

南昆山蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra nankunshanensis｜Yan Liu & C.R.Lin

Aspidistra neglecta｜Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen

Aspidistra nigra｜Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen

Aspidistra nikitensis｜Kalyuzhny & Vislobokov, 2022

Aspidistra nikolaii｜Aver. & Tillich

Aspidistra nitens｜Aver., K. S. Nguyen et Tillich

垂花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra nutans｜Aver. & Tillich

锥花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra obconica｜C.R.Lin & Yan Liu

棕叶草｜Aspidistra oblanceifolia｜F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang

歪盾蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra obliquipeltata｜D.Fang & L.Y.Yu

长圆叶蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra oblongifolia｜F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang

Aspidistra obtusata｜Vislobokov

峨眉蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra omeiensis｜Z.Y.Zhu & J.L.Zhang

Aspidistra opaca｜Tillich

卵药蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra ovatianthera｜C.R. Lin & Y.S. Huang

拟卵叶蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra ovatifolia｜Yan Liu & C.R.Lin

Aspidistra oviflora｜Aver. & Tillich

乳突蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra papillata｜G.Z.Li

离瓣蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra partita｜Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding

柳江蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra patentiloba｜Y.Wan & X.H.Lu

Aspidistra paucitepala｜Vislobokov, Nuraliev & D.D.Sokoloff

Aspidistra petiolata｜Tillich

Aspidistra phanluongii｜Vislobokov

帽状蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra pileata｜D.Fang & L.Y.Yu

平伐蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra pingfaensis｜S.Z.He & Q.W.Sun

平塘蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra pingtangensis｜S.Z.He, W.F.Xu & Q.W.Sun

华丽蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra pulchella｜B.M.Wang & Yan Liu

斑点蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra punctata｜Lindl.

拟斑点蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra punctatoides｜Yan Liu & C.R.Lin

紫斑蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra purpureomaculata｜H.C. Xi, J.T. Yin & W.G. Wang

綦江蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra qijiangensis｜S.Z.He & X.Y.Luo

裂柱蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra quadripartita｜G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang

Aspidistra quangngaiensis｜N.S.Lý, Haev. & Tillich

Aspidistra quanii｜Aver. & V.C. Nguyen, 2024

辐射蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra radiata｜G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang, 2016

Aspidistra recondita｜Tillich

广西蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra retusa｜K.Y.Lang & S.Z.Huang

卷瓣蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra revoluta｜Hao Zhou, S.R.Yi & Q.Gao

融安蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra ronganensis｜C.R.Lin, Jing Liu & W.B.Xu

Aspidistra saccata｜X.Y.Huang, Y.D.Peng & D.X.Nong, 2022

Aspidistra sarcantha｜Aver., Tillich, T.A.Le & K.S.Nguyen

石山蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra saxicola｜Y.Wan

细口蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra semiaperta｜Aver. & Tillich

无梗蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra sessiliflora｜Aver. & Tillich

石门台蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra shimentaiensis

十万大山蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra shiwandashanensis

四川蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra sichuanensis｜K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu

中国蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra sinensis｜Aver. & Tillich

Aspidistra sinuata｜Aver. & Tillich

刺果蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra spinula｜S.Z.He

Aspidistra stellata｜Aver. & Tillich

狭叶蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra stenophylla｜C.R.Lin & R.C.Hu

Aspidistra stricta｜Tillich

辐花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra subrotata｜Y.Wan & C.C.Huang

Aspidistra superba｜Tillich

滇泰蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra sutepensis｜K.Larsen

连基蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra synpetala｜C.R.Lin & Yan Liu

剑叶蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra tenuifolia｜C.R.Lin & J.C.Yang

Aspidistra tillichiana｜O.Colin

大花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra tonkinensis｜(Gagnep.) F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang

- 密生大花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra tonkinensis var. compacta Aver. & Tillich

湖南蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra triloba｜F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang

Aspidistra triquetra｜Aver., Son, Tillich & K.S.Nguyen

Aspidistra triradiata｜Vislobokov

Aspidistra truongii｜Aver. & Tillich

Aspidistra tubiflora｜Tillich

卵叶蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra typica｜Baill.

Aspidistra umbrosa｜Tillich

坛花蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra urceolata｜F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang

Aspidistra ventricosa｜Tillich

Aspidistra verruculosa｜Aver., Tillich & D.D.Nguyen

Aspidistra vietnamensis｜(Aver. & Tillich) Aver. & Tillich

Aspidistra viridiflora｜Vislobokov & Nuraliev

乌江蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra wujiangensis｜W.F.Xu & S.Z.He

深圳蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra xiaoyunii｜C.R. Lin, B.M. Wang & Yan Liu

西畴蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra xichouensis｜Lei Cai, Z.L. Dao & G.W. Hu

西林蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra xilinensis｜Y.Wan & X.H.Lu

Aspidistra xuansonensis｜Vislobokov

盈江蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra yingjiangensis｜L. J. Peng

宜州蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra yizhouensis｜B.Pan & C.R.Lin

大瑶山蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra yunbiaoi｜C.R. Lin & Yan Liu

云雾蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra yunwuensis｜S.Z.He & W.F.Xu

张氏蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra zhangii｜Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen, 2024

正安蜘蛛抱蛋｜Aspidistra zhenganensis｜S.Z.He & Y.Wang

Aspidistra zinaidae｜Aver. & Tillich

粽耙叶｜Aspidistra zongbayi｜K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu

归入本属的物种：

Plectogyne elatior

## 基本资料

- 学名：Aspidistra
- 命名者：Ker Gawl., 1823
- 说明：蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra elatior
- 说明：一种蜘蛛抱蛋的花