麻疯树属

麻疯树属（学名：Jatropha）也称麻风树属，是大戟科下大戟属被子植物的一个属。它包含约170多种植物，为多肉植物、灌木和树木（有些为落叶植物，如桐油树）。该属分布于热带和亚热带地区。其中大部分原产于美洲，在旧大陆有66种。植物生产单独的雄花和雌花。与大戟科的许多成员一样，麻风树含有剧毒的化合物。传统上，麻风树品种已用于制篮，制革和染料生产。在2000年代，一种麻疯树桐油树（Jatropha curcas）引起了作为生物柴油生产的油料作物的兴趣。

属名Jatropha源于希腊语itros（医生）和trophe（食物）的合成词，指本属植物多为药用。

## 物种

本属包括以下物种：

Jatropha acanthophylla｜Loefgr.

Jatropha aceroides｜(Pax & K.Hoffm.) Hutch.

Jatropha aculeatissima｜Colla

Jatropha aethiopica｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha afrotuberosa｜Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts

Jatropha alamanii｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha andrieuxii｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha angustidens｜Brandegee, 1891

Jatropha angustifolia｜Griseb.

Jatropha angustifolia｜Steud.

Jatropha arborea｜Glaz.

Jatropha aspleniifolia｜Pax

Jatropha atacorensis｜A.Chev.

Jatropha augusti｜Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha bartlettii｜Wilbur

Jatropha baumii｜Pax

锦珊瑚｜Jatropha berlandieri｜Torr., 1859，为Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland.的异名

Jatropha botswanica｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha breviloba｜(Morong) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha brockmanii｜Hutch.

Jatropha bullockii｜E.J.Lott

Jatropha calcarea｜Fern.Casas

Jatropha calyculata｜Vahl ex Steud.

Jatropha campestris｜S.Moore

Jatropha canescens｜(Benth.) Müll.Arg.

Jatropha capensis｜(L.f.) Sond.

Jatropha cardiophylla｜(Torr.) Müll.Arg.

Jatropha cathartica｜Terán & Berland.

Jatropha catingae｜Ule

Jatropha chamelensis｜Pérez-Jim.

Jatropha chazaroi｜O.Sanchez, J.Jimenez Ram. & Arzaba, 2023

Jatropha chevalieri｜Beille

Jatropha ciliata｜Sessé

Jatropha cinerea｜(Ortega) Müll.Arg.

Jatropha clavuligera｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha cleomifolia｜Müll.Arg., 1874

Jatropha cluytioides｜Pax & K.Hoffm., 1910

Jatropha collina｜Thulin

Jatropha confusa｜Hutch.

Jatropha contrerasii｜J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.

Jatropha conzattii｜J.Jiménez Ram.

Jatropha cordata｜(Ortega) Müll.Arg.

Jatropha costaricensis｜G.L.Webster & Poveda

Jatropha crinita｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha cuneata｜Wiggins & Rollins

桐油树｜Jatropha curcas｜L.，麻风树

Jatropha decipiens｜M.E.Jones

Jatropha decumbens｜Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha dehganii｜J.Jiménez Ram.

Jatropha dhofarica｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha dichtar｜J.F.Macbr.

Jatropha dioica｜Sessé

Jatropha dioica｜Sessé ex Cerv.

Jatropha dissecta｜(Chodat & Hassl.) Pax

Jatropha divaricata｜Sw.

Jatropha diversifolia｜Steud.

Jatropha elbae｜J.Jiménez Ram.

Jatropha ellenbeckii｜Pax

Jatropha elliptica｜(Pohl) Oken

Jatropha elliptica｜Müll.Arg., 1874

Jatropha erythropoda｜Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha euarguta｜M.G.Gilbert & Thulin

Jatropha excisa｜Griseb.

Jatropha fischeri｜Steud.

Jatropha fremontioides｜Standl.

Jatropha gallabatensis｜Schweinf.

Jatropha galvanii｜J.Jiménez Ram. & L.M.Contr.

Jatropha gaumeri｜Greenm.

Jatropha giffordiana｜Dehgan & G.L.Webster

Jatropha glandulifera｜Roxb.

Jatropha glauca｜Vahl

Jatropha glaucovirens｜Pax & K.Hoffm.

棉叶珊瑚花｜Jatropha gossypiifolia｜L.

Jatropha grossidentata｜Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha guaranitica｜Speg.

Jatropha hastata｜Griseb.

Jatropha hernandiifolia｜Vent.

Jatropha heynei｜N.P.Balakr.

Jatropha hieronymi｜Kuntze

Jatropha hildebrandtii｜Pax

Jatropha hildebrandtii｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha hippocastanifolia｜Croizat

Jatropha hirsuta｜Hochst.

Jatropha horizontalis｜M.G.Gilbert

Jatropha humboldtiana｜McVaugh

Jatropha humifusa｜Thulin

Jatropha hypogyna｜Radcl.-Sm. & Thulin

Jatropha inaequispina｜Thulin

琴叶珊瑚｜Jatropha integerrima｜Jacq.

Jatropha intermedia｜(Chodat & Hassl.) Pax

Jatropha isabellei｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha jaimejimenezii｜V.W.Steinm.

Jatropha kamerunica｜Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha krusei｜J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.

Jatropha laciniosa｜Mart., 1874

Jatropha lagarinthoides｜Sond.

Jatropha latifolia｜Pax

Jatropha loeflingii｜Aresch.

Jatropha longibracteata｜A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020

Jatropha loristipula｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha macrantha｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha macrocarpa｜Griseb.

Jatropha macrophylla｜Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha macrorhiza｜Benth.

Jatropha mahafalensis｜Jum. & H.Perrier

Jatropha maheshwarii｜Subram. & M.P.Nayar

Jatropha malacophylla｜Standl.

Jatropha marginata｜Chiov.

Jatropha marmorata｜Thulin

Jatropha martiusii｜(Pohl) Baill.

Jatropha mcvaughii｜Dehgan & G.L.Webster

Jatropha melanosperma｜Pax

Jatropha microdonta｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha mirandana｜J.Jiménez Ram. & K.Vega

Jatropha miskatensis｜Thulin

Jatropha mollis｜Pax

Jatropha mollissima｜(Pohl) Baill.

Jatropha moluccana｜Wall., 1847

Jatropha monroi｜S.Moore

Jatropha moranii｜Dehgan & G.L.Webster

珊瑚花｜Jatropha multifida｜L.，红珊瑚

Jatropha mutabilis｜(Pohl) Baill.

Jatropha nana｜Dalzell & A.Gibson

Jatropha napaeifolia｜Desr., 1797

Jatropha natalensis｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha neopauciflora｜Pax

Jatropha neriifolia｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha nibifolia｜Baill.

Jatropha nogalensis｜Chiov.

Jatropha nudicaulis｜Benth.

Jatropha oaxacana｜J.Jiménez Ram. & R.Torres

Jatropha obbiadensis｜Chiov.

Jatropha oblanceolata｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha orangeana｜Dinter ex P.G.Mey.

Jatropha ortegae｜Standl.

Jatropha osteocarpa｜Schott ex Pohl, 1827

Jatropha pachypoda｜Pax

Jatropha pachyrrhiza｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha paganuccii｜A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020

Jatropha palmatifida｜Baker

Jatropha palmatipartita｜Dehgan

Jatropha palustris｜Sessé & Moc.

Jatropha panduraefolia｜Andri

Jatropha paradoxa｜(Chiov.) Chiov.

Jatropha pauciflora｜C.Wright ex Griseb.

Jatropha paviaefolia｜Steud., 1840

Jatropha paxii｜Croizat

Jatropha pedersenii｜Lourteig

Jatropha peiranoi｜Lourteig & O'Donell

Jatropha pelargoniifolia｜Courbon

Jatropha peltata｜Sessé

Jatropha pereziae｜J.Jiménez Ram.

Jatropha phillipseae｜Rendle

佛肚树｜Jatropha podagrica｜Hook.

Jatropha prunifolia｜Pax

Jatropha prunifolia｜Pax ex Engl.

Jatropha pseudocurcas｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha purpura｜Rose & Pax

Jatropha purpurea｜Rose

Jatropha purpureorostata｜Steud., 1840

Jatropha ribifolia｜(Pohl) Baill.

Jatropha riojae｜Miranda

Jatropha rivae｜Pax

Jatropha robecchii｜Pax

Jatropha rosea｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha rufescens｜Brandegee

Jatropha rzedowskii｜J.Jiménez Ram.

Jatropha scaposa｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha schlechteri｜Pax

Jatropha schweinfurthii｜Pax

Jatropha seineri｜Pax

Jatropha somalensis｜Pax

Jatropha sotoi-nunyezii｜Fern.Casas & E.Martínez

Jatropha spicata｜Pax

Jatropha spinosa｜Vahl

Jatropha spinosissima｜Thulin

Jatropha standleyi｜Steyerm.

Jatropha standleyi｜Steyerm. ex Standl., 1940

Jatropha stephani｜J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.

Jatropha stevensii｜G.L.Webster

Jatropha stipulacea｜Müll.Arg.

Jatropha stuhlmannii｜Pax

Jatropha subaequiloba｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha sympetala｜S.F.Blake & Standl.

Jatropha tanjorensis｜J.L.Ellis & Saroja

Jatropha tehuantepecana｜J.Jiménez Ram. & A.Campos Vilb.

Jatropha tenuicaulis｜Thulin

Jatropha tertiaria｜Berry, 1929

Jatropha tetracantha｜Chiov.

Jatropha tirucalli｜L.

Jatropha tlalcozotitlanensis｜J.Jiménez Ram.

Jatropha trifida｜Chiov.

Jatropha tropaeolifolia｜Pax

Jatropha tupifolia｜Griseb.

Jatropha uncinulata｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha unicostata｜Balf.f.

Jatropha urens｜Kunth, 1817

Jatropha variabilis｜Radcl.-Sm.

Jatropha variegata｜Vahl

Jatropha variifolia｜Pax

Jatropha velutina｜Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha vernicosa｜Brandegee

Jatropha villosa｜Wight

Jatropha viminea｜Retz. ex Steud.

Jatropha weberbaueri｜Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha websteri｜J.Jiménez Ram.

Jatropha weddeliana｜Baill.

Jatropha woodii｜Kuntze

Jatropha zeyheri｜Sond.

杂交种：

Jatropha ×ceballosii｜Fern.Casas

Jatropha ×hastifolia｜Fern.Casas

归入本属的物种：

Adenoropium coccinea｜Steud., 1840

Adenoropium forskohlii｜Pohl

Curcas adansonii｜Endl. ex Heynh., 1846

## 图片

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- 在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida花。

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- 在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida植物。

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- 在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida花与蓝色蝴蝶。

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- 在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida花和叶子。

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- Jatropha integerrima

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- 珊瑚油桐

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- Jatropha pandurifolia

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- 珊瑚油桐的特写

## 基本资料

- 说明：全缘叶珊瑚 Jatropha integerrima
- 母公司：2
- 学名：Jatropha
- 命名者：L., 1753
- subdivision_ranks：物种
- 栽培群成员：约170个，见文中。