灶马

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驼螽科（Rhaphidophoridae），又称穴螽科，俗称灶马、灶马蟋蟀、钱驼子，是一种属于直翅目剑尾亚目的昆虫，有说法表示成语“蛛丝马迹”之中的马即指灶马。

## 构造

体长约18.5至21.5毫米，雌性若算入腹部后端的产卵管则为12.0至23.0毫米；与其他灶马科昆虫一样，即使是成虫也没有翅膀。最大的特征就是拥有极长的触角，甚至可达到体长的3倍以上；由于它属于不完全变态昆虫，因此幼虫外表除了在第1至3节身体下有着大量刚毛外与成虫相同。

## 下级分类

驼螽科包括以下属：

Adiestramima｜Gorochov, 1998

Aemodogryllus｜Adelung, 1902

Allotachycines｜Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003

Alpinanoplophilus｜Ishikawa, 1993

Ammobaenetes｜Hubbell, 1936

Anargyrtes｜Hubbell, 1972

Anoplophilus｜Karny, 1931

- Anoplophilus acuticercus Karny, 1931
- Anoplophilus amagisanus Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus befui Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus esakii Furukawa, 1938
- Anoplophilus hakusanus Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus hasegawai Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus hyonosenensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus koreanus Storozhenko & Paik, 2010
- Anoplophilus major Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus minor Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus ohbayashii Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus okadai Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus otariensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus shikokuensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus takaishii Ishikawa, 2015
- Anoplophilus tominagai Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus tosaensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus tsurugisanus Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus utsugidakensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus wakuiae Ishikawa, 2002

Arboramima｜Zong, Qin & He, 2021

Argyrtes｜Saussure & Pictet, 1897

Atachycines｜Furukawa, 1933

Australotettix｜Richards, 1964

Cavernotettix｜Richards, 1966

Certhothilus

Ceuthophilus｜Scudder, 1862

Daihinia｜Haldeman, 1850

Daihinibaenetes｜Tinkham, 1962

Daihiniella｜Hubbell, 1936

Daihiniodes｜Hebard, 1929

Dendroplectron｜Richards, 1964

Diarhaphidophora｜Gorochov, 2012

Diestramima｜Storozhenko, 1990

Diestrammena｜Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888

Dolichopoda｜Bolívar, 1880

Euhadenoecus｜Hubbell, 1978

Eurhaphidophora｜Gorochov, 1999

Eutachycines｜Storozhenko, 1990

Exochodrilus｜Hubbell, 1972

Farallonophilus｜Rentz, 1972

Gammarotettix｜Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888

Gigantettix｜Gorochov, 1998

Gymnaeta｜Adelung, 1902

Gymnaetoides｜Qin, Liu & Li, 2017

Hadenoecus｜Scudder, 1862

Hemitachycines｜Storozhenko, 1990

Hemiudeopsylla｜Saussure & Pictet, 1897

Heteromallus｜Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888

Homotachycines｜Zhu & Shi, 2022

Hypsobadistes｜Hubbell, 1977

Insulanoplectron｜Richards, 1970

Ischyroplectron｜Hutton, 1896

Isoplectron｜Hutton, 1896

Leodiestramima｜Storozhenko, 2009

Leptargyrtes｜Hubbell, 1972

Machamata

Macrobaenetes｜Tinkham, 1962

Macropathus｜Walker, 1869

Maotoweta｜Johns & Cook, 2014

Megadiestramima｜Storozhenko & Gorochov, 1992

巨疾灶螽属｜Megatachycines｜Zhu, Shi & Zhou, 2022

Micropathus｜Richards, 1964

Microtachycines｜Gorochov, 1992

Mimadiestra｜Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014

- Mimadiestra biloba Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014
- Mimadiestra dicha Zhu, Wu & Shi, 2018
- Mimadiestra gracila Zhu, Wu & Shi, 2018
- Mimadiestra sirindhornae Dawwrueng, Storozhenko & Artchawakom, 2016

Minirhaphidophora｜Gorochov, 2002

Miotopus｜Hutton, 1898

Neonetus｜Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888

Neorhaphidophora｜Gorochov, 1999

Neotachycines｜Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003

Notoplectron｜Richards, 1964

Novoplectron｜Richards, 1958

Novotettix｜Richards, 1966

Orphanotettix｜Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003

Pachyrhamma｜Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888

Pallidoplectron｜Richards, 1958

Pallidotettix｜Richards, 1968

Paradiestrammena｜Chopard, 1919

Paraneonetus｜Salmon, 1948

Pararhaphidophora｜Gorochov, 1999

副疾灶螽属｜Paratachycines｜Storozhenko, 1990

Parudenus｜Enderlein, 1910

Parvotettix｜Richards, 1968

Petrotettix｜Richards, 1972

Pharmacus｜Pictet & Saussure, 1893

Phoberopus｜Saussure & Pictet, 1897

Phrixocnemis｜Scudder, 1894

Pleioplectron｜Hutton, 1896

Pristoceuthophilus｜Rehn, 1903

Prorhaphidophora｜Chopard, 1936

Protroglophilus｜Gorochov, 1989

Pseudotachycines｜Qin, Liu & Li, 2017

Rhachocnemis｜Caudell, 1916

Rhaphidophora｜Serville, 1838

- Rhaphidophora abramovi Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora acutelaminata Chopard, 1916
- Rhaphidophora amboinensis Karny, 1930
- Rhaphidophora angulata Ingrisch, 2002
- Rhaphidophora angustifrons Chopard, 1940
- Rhaphidophora arsentiji Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora baeri Bolívar, 1890
- Rhaphidophora banarensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora baronciniturricchiae Di Russo & Rampini, 2017
- Rhaphidophora beccarii Griffini, 1908
- Rhaphidophora beta Karny, 1930
- Rhaphidophora bicornuta Karny, 1937
- Rhaphidophora bidoup Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora biprocera Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora bokor Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora brevicauda Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora brevipes Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora caligulata Zacher, 1909
- Rhaphidophora cambodia Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora cavernicola Chopard, 1916
- Rhaphidophora chopardi Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora collina Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora complanatis Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora crassicornis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora curta Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora curup Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora dammermani Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora dehaani Karny, 1920
- Rhaphidophora deusta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora digitata Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora doloduo Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora duxiu Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora exigua Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora fedorenkoi Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora furcifera Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora fusca Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora glenoides Qin, Wang & He, 2024
- Rhaphidophora gracilis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora heterodentis Shen, Wang & He, 2024
- Rhaphidophora hexagoniproctalis Wang, Di & He, 2024
- Rhaphidophora iliai Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora imbricofurca Shen, Wang & He, 2024
- Rhaphidophora impressa Wang, Qin & He, 2024
- Rhaphidophora incilis Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora indica Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora insularis Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora invalida Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora ivani Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora jambi Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora khmerica Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora kinabaluensis Karny, 1926
- Rhaphidophora lampung Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora lao Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora lobulata Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora longa Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora longicauda Ander, 1932
- Rhaphidophora longitabula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora lorelindu Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora loricata (Burmeister, 1838)
- Rhaphidophora magna Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora malayensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora mariae Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora marmorata Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora mindoro Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora minicauda Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora minuolamella Liu & Zhang, 2002
- Rhaphidophora mohanensis Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora mulmeinensis Chopard, 1916
- Rhaphidophora mutica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora negaraensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora neglecta Karny, 1930
- Rhaphidophora obesa Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora obtuselaminata Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora oophaga Chopard, 1959
- Rhaphidophora pahangensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora pangrango Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora parvicauda Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora phusoy Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora ponapensis Vickery & Kevan, 1999
- Rhaphidophora pubescens Ander, 1932
- Rhaphidophora quadridentata Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Rhaphidophora quadrispina Liu & Bian, 2021
- Rhaphidophora quadrula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora raoan Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora rasilis Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora rechingeri Holdhaus, 1909
- Rhaphidophora recta Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora rhombica Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora rhombifera Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora rongshuiensis Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora rufobrunnea Chopard, 1921
- Rhaphidophora sarasini Karny, 1931
- Rhaphidophora setiformis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Rhaphidophora shii Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora sichuanensis Liu & Zhang, 2002
- Rhaphidophora simillima Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora simulata Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora sinica Bey-Bienko, 1962
- Rhaphidophora songbaensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora spinifera Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora spinita Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He, 2024
- Rhaphidophora stridulans Ingrisch, 2006
- Rhaphidophora taiwana Shiraki, 1930
- Rhaphidophora tamanensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora testacea Ander, 1932
- Rhaphidophora thaiensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora trat Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora vangheua Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora vasiliji Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora vietensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora wasile Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora wuasa Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora wuzhishanensis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Rhaphidophora xishuang Gorochov, 2012

Salishella｜Hebard, 1939

Setascutum｜Richards, 1972

Sinorhaphidophora｜Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018

Spelaeiacris｜Péringuey, 1916

Speleotettix｜Chopard, 1944

Stonychophora｜Karny, 1934

Styracosceles｜Hubbell, 1936

疾灶螽属｜Tachycines｜Adelung, 1902

Talitropsis｜Bolívar, 1882

Tamdaotettix｜Gorochov, 1998

Tasmanoplectron｜Richards, 1971

Troglophilus｜Krauss, 1879

Tropidischia｜Scudder, 1862

Typhloceuthophilus｜Hubbell, 1940

Udenus｜Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1900

Udeopsylla｜Scudder, 1862

Utabaenetes｜Tinkham, 1970

## 基本资料

- 说明：一只种类未知的灶马
- parent_authority：Walker, 1869
- 学名：Rhaphidophoridae
- 命名者：Walker, 1869
- 异名：Raphidophorae、Raphidophoridae、Rhaphidophorae