摇蚊科

摇蚊科（学名：Chironomidae）泛称摇蚊（chironomids，lake flies），是双翅目摇蚊总科之下的一个科，常被称为“不咬人的蚊子”，广泛分布于世界各地。已描述的种类超过6000种。其成虫停落时，前足通常举起且不停摇动，故而得名。

## 生活史

摇蚊属完全变态的昆虫，其生命周期分卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫四部分；一年繁殖1～2代。卵、幼虫和蛹生活在水中，成虫营空中生活。

摇蚊幼虫可生活在各种水体中，以淡水湖泊和河流的水体底部或水生植物间为多。摇蚊幼虫是经济鱼类的重要饵料，也是摇蚊的越冬虫态。摇蚊幼虫俗称“红筋虫”、“红虫”，由于其血液中含有血红素，所以全身呈红色，不过也有些品种呈绿色或黄色。

摇蚊成虫体型比家蚊更纤细，口器退化，无上颚，不刺吸血液，只能摄取植物汁液。

## 分布

摇蚊的幼虫主要生活在淡水环境中，少数种类在陆地或咸水中生存。摇蚊幼虫广泛分布于各种湖泊、坑塘、沼泽、临时水体、河流、溪流和瀑布等。据统计，摇蚊幼虫的数量约占水体底栖动物的50%。

## 下级分类

本科包括以下属：

Aagaardia｜Sæther, 2000

Abiskomyia｜Edwards, 1937

无突摇蚊属｜Ablabesmyia｜Johannsen, 1905

Acalcarella｜Shilova, 1955

Acamptocladius｜Brundin, 1956

Acinoretracus｜Epler, Harrison & Hare, 1999

Acricotopus｜Kieffer, 1921

Acutiforcipia｜Seredszus & Wichard, 2009

Aedokritus

Aenne｜Ansorge, 1999

Afrochlus｜Freeman, 1964

Afrozavrelia｜Harrison, 2004

Agurayusurika

Ainuyusurika｜Sasa & Shirasaka, 1988

Allocladius

Allometriocnemus｜Freeman, 1961

Allotrissocladius｜Freeman, 1964

Alotanypus｜Roback, 1971

Amazonimyia

Amberaspinus｜Evenhuis, 1994

Amblycladius｜Kieffer, 1923

Amnihayesomyia｜Niitsuma, 2007

Amphismittia｜Kawai, Okamoto & Imabayashi, 2002

Anaphrotenia｜Brundin, 1983

Anatopynia｜Johannsen, 1905

Ancylocladius｜Sublette & Wirth, 1972

Andamanus｜Maheshwari & Maheshwari, 2001

Anisinodus｜Lukashevich, Przhiboro, Marchal-Papier & Grauvogel-Stamm, 2010

Antillocladius｜Sæther, 1981

Anuncotendipes｜Cranston, 1999

Anzacladius｜Cranston, 2009

Apedilum｜Townes, 1945

Apelopia｜Roback, 1971

Aphrotenia｜Brundin, 1966

Aphroteniella｜Brundin, 1966

Apometriocnemus｜Sæther, 1984

Apsectrotanypus｜Fittkau, 1962

Araucania｜Brundin, 1966

Archaeochlus｜Brundin, 1966

Archistempellina｜Gilka & Zakrzewska, 2013

Arctodiamesa｜Makarchenko, 1983

Arctomyia｜Lundström, 1915

Arctopelopia｜Fittkau, 1962

Arctosmittia｜Zelentsov, 2006

Asachironomus｜Kikuchi & Sasa, 1990

Asclerina｜Reiss, 1968

Asheum｜Sublette & Sublette, 1983

Asiatendipes｜Hong, 2002

Asuba｜Giebel, 1856

Australopelopia｜Cranston, 2000

Austrobrillia｜Freeman, 1961

Austrochlus｜Cranston, 2002

Austrocladius｜Freeman, 1961

Axarus｜Roback

Baeoctenus｜Sæther, 1976

Baeotendipes｜Kieffer, 1913

Barbadocladius｜Cranston & Krosch, 2011

Bavarismittia｜Saether, 1995

Beardius｜Reiss & Sublette, 1985

Beckidia｜Saether, 1979

Beifangiitendipes

Beifangitendipes｜Hong, 2002

Belgica｜Jacobs, 1900

Benthalia｜Lipina, 1939

Bernhardia｜Datta & Chaudhuri, 1992

Bethbilbeckia

Bethbilbekia｜Fittkau & Murray, 1988

Bibionites｜Handlirsch, 1906

Bilyjomyia｜Niitsuma & Watson, 2009

Biwatendipes｜Tokunaga, 1965

Boreochlus｜Edwards, 1938

Boreoheptagyia｜Brundin, 1966

Boreosmittia｜Tuiskunen, 1986

Botryocladius｜Cranston & Edward, 1999

Brachypogon

Branchiurus｜Viviani, 1805

Brillia｜Kieffer, 1913

Brundiniella｜Roback, 1978

Brunieria｜Kieffer, 1921

Bryophaenocladius｜Thienemann, 1934

Buchonomyia｜Fittkau, 1955

Burmeisteria｜Weyenbergh, 1886

Burmochlus｜Giłka, Zakrzewska & Makarchenko, 2019

Bythomyia｜Zhang, 1989

Caaporangombera

Caladomyia｜Sawedal, 1981

Calotanypus｜Roback, 1971

Campontia｜Johnston, 1828

Camposia｜Reiss, 1972

Camposimyia｜Reiss, 1981

Camptochironomus｜Kieffer, 1914

Camptochironomus｜Meigen, 1803

Camptocladius Cantomyia

Cantopelopia｜Roback, 1971

Carbochironomus｜Reiss & Kirschbaum, 1990

Cardiocladiuis

Cardiocladius｜Keiffer

Cardiocladius｜Kieffer, 1912

Cataliptus｜Bezzi, 1916

Catalipus

Caulochironomus｜Heyn, 1993

Cecidomium｜Westwood, 1854

Cedrimyia｜Namayandeh & Hudson, 2022

Chaetocladius｜Kieffer, 1911

Chartocladius

Chasmatonotoides｜Doitteau & Nel, 2007

Chasmatonotus｜Loew, 1864

Chaudhuriomyia

Chernovskiia｜Saether, 1977

Chilenomyia｜Brundin, 1983

Chirocladius｜Picado, 1914

Chironocesa｜Koçak & Kemal, 2008

Chironomites｜Fritsch & Bayer, 1900

Chironomopsis｜Handlirsch, 1906

摇蚊属｜Chironomus

Chrysopelopia｜Harrison, 1978

Cladopelma｜Kieffer, 1921

Cladotanytarsus｜Kieffer, 1922

Cladpelma

Clavicornius｜Hong, 2002

Clinochironomus｜Kieffer, 1921

Clinocladius｜Sublette, 1970

Clinotanypus｜Kieffer, 1913

Clinotanytarsus｜Kieffer, 1923

Clunio｜Haliday, 1855

Coelochironoma｜Zhang et al., 1986

Coelopynia｜Freeman, 1961

Coelotanypus｜Kieffer, 1913

Coffmania｜Hazra & Chaudhuri, 2000

Collartomyia｜Goetghebuer, 1948

Colosmittia｜Andersen & Sæther, 1993

Compteromesa｜Sæther, 1981

Compterosmittia｜Sæther, 1981

Conchapelopia｜Fittkau, 1957

Conochironomus｜Freeman, 1961

Conocladius｜Kieffer, 1910

Constempellina｜Brundin, 1947

Corneliola｜Gilka & Zakrzewska, 2013

Coronapelopia｜Cranston & Krosch, 2021

Corynocera｜J.W.Zetterstedt, 1837

棒脉摇蚊属｜Corynoneura｜Winnertz, 1846

Corynoneurella｜Brundin, 1949

Corytibacladius｜Oliveira, Messias & Santos

Cretadiamesa｜Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007

Cretaenne｜Azar, Veltz & Nel, 2008

Cretapelopia｜Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007

Cretodiamesa｜Kalugina, 1976

Cricotopiella｜Meunier, 1916

环足摇蚊属｜Cricotopus

Crymaleomyia｜Ashe & O'Connor, 2000

Cryptochironomus Cryptocladopelma

Cryptotendipes｜Beck & Beck, 1969

Cryptotendipes｜Lenz, 1941

Ctenosciara

Curvus｜Kaddumi, 2005

Cyphomella｜Saether, 1977

Dactylocladius｜Kieffer, 1906

Daitoyusurika｜Sasa & Suzuki, 2001

Dara｜Giebel, 1856

Demeijerea

Demicryptochironomus｜Lenz, 1941

Demicryptochironomus｜Reiss, 1988

Denopelopia｜Roback & Rutter, 1988

Derotanypus｜Roback, 1971

Diamesa｜Meigen, 1835

Diamesa｜Walts, 1837

二叉摇蚊属｜Dicrotendipes｜Kieffer, 1913

Didimiriforceps

Diplocladius｜Kieffer, 1908

Diplosmittia｜Sæther, 1981

Ditanytarsus｜Kieffer, 1922

Djalmabastica｜Fittkau, 1968

Djalmabatista｜Fittkau, 1968

Doithrix｜Sæther & Sublette, 1983

Dolichocladius｜Kieffer, 1911

Dolichopelma｜Kieffer, 1918

Doloplastus｜Skuse, 1889

Doncricotopus｜Sæther, 1981

Dratnalia｜Saether & Halvorsen, 1981

Dryadontanytarsus Dryadotanytarsus

Dungeyella｜Jarzembowski, Azar & Nel, 2008

Echinocladius｜Cranston, 2000

Edwardsidia｜Sæther, 1990

Einfeldia｜Keiffer

Einfeldia｜Kieffer, 1924

Electrotenia｜Kalugina, 1980

Elpiscladius｜Harrison & Cranston, 2007

Endochironomus｜Kieffer, 1918

Endochironomus｜Lenz, 1922

Endotendipes｜Lenz, 1955

Endotribelos｜Grodhaus

Eocenitendipes｜Evenhuis, 1994

Eonandeva｜Gilka & Zakrzewska

Eopodonomus｜Rohdendorf, 1964

Eoprocladius｜Szadziewski et al., 2018

Epiocladius

Epoicocladius｜Sulc & Zavrel, 1924

Epotanytarsus｜Matsumura, 1917

Eraniella｜Namayandeh, Ghaderi, Ghobari & Mohammadi, 2021

Eretmoptera｜Kellogg, 1900

Eudactylocladius｜Thienemann, 1935

Eugenodiamesa｜Lukashevich & Przhiboro, 2015

Eukiefferiella｜Thienemann, 1926

Eurycnemus｜Wulp, 1874

Euryhapsis｜Oliver, 1981

Eusmittia｜Freeman, 1962

Eutanytarsus｜Bause, 1914

Ferringtonia

Fissimentum｜Cranston & Nolte, 1996

Fittkauimyia｜Karunakaran, 1969

Fleuria｜Kieffer, 1924

Flexicrus｜Seredszus & Wichard, 2009

Fournieria｜Kieffer, 1924

Freemaniella｜Sæther, 1976

Friederia｜Sæther & Andersen, 1998

Furcobuchonomyia｜Baranov, Goral & Ross, 2017

Furvitendipes｜Hong, 2002

Fushunitendipes｜Hong, 1981

Georthocladius｜Strenzke, 1941

Gilkania｜Lukashevich, 2020

Gillotia｜Kieffer, 1921

Glushkovella｜Kalugina, 1993

雕翅摇蚊属｜Glyptotendipes

Goeldichironomus｜Fittkau, 1965

Goetghebueria｜Kieffer, 1921

Graceus｜Goetghebuer, 1928

Gravatamberus｜Mendes & Andersen, 2008

Gressittius｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Gripekovenia｜Kieffer, 1918

Guassutanypus｜Roque & Trivinho-Strixino, 2003

Gujaratomyia｜Giłka & Zakrzewska, 2018

Gunmayusurika

Gurvanomyia｜Kalugina, 1986

Guttipelopia｜Fittkau, 1962

Guvanomyia

Gymnometriocnemus｜Edwards, 1932，也拼作 Gymnometriocnemis

Gymnometriocnemus｜Goetghebeur, 1932

Gynnidocladius｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Gynocladius｜Mendes, Sæther & Andrade-Morraye, 2005

Haematotanypus｜Azar, Veltz & Nel, 2008

Hahayusurika｜Sasa & Suzuki, 1997

Halirytus

Halocladius｜Hirvenoja, 1973

Halocladius｜Thienemann

Halotanytarsus

Hanochironomus｜Ree, 1992

Hanocladius｜Wang & Sæther, 2002

Harnischia｜Kieffer, 1921

Harrisius｜Freeman, 1959

Harrisonina｜Freeman, 1956

Hayesomyia｜Murray & Fittkau, 1986

Heleniella｜Gouin, 1943

Henrardia｜Goetghebuer, 1936

Heplagyia

Heptagyia｜Philippi, 1865

Heterotanytarsus｜Spärck, 1923

Heterotrissocladius｜Spärck, 1923

Hevelius｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Hexatanytarsus｜Kieffer, 1921

Himatendipes｜Tokunaga, 1959

Hintelmanniella｜Baranov & Haug, 2021

Hintelmenniella

Hirosimayusurika｜Sasa, Shimomura & Matsuo, 1991

Holotanypus｜Roback, 1982

Holtedahlia｜Kieffer, 1922

Huabeitendipes｜Hong, 1995

Hudsonimyia

Hulstaertiella｜Goetghebuer, 1936

Hulstaertulus｜Goetghebuer, 1948

水摇蚊属｜Hydrobaenus｜Fries, 1830

Hydrosmittia｜Ferrington & Sæther, 2011

Hyporhygma｜Reiss, 1982

Ichthyocladius｜Fittkau, 1974

Ikiprimus｜Sasa & Suzuki, 1999

Ikisecundus｜Sasa & Suzuki, 1999

Imparipecten｜Freeman, 1961

Indoaxarus｜Maheshwari & Maheshwari, 2001

Indocladius｜Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay, 1989

Indoclavitarsus｜Santokh, Singh & Kulshrestha

Inermipupa｜Langton & Cobo, 1997

Ionthosmittia｜Sæther & Andersen, 1995

Iporangomberus

Irisobrillia｜Oliver, 1985

Isocladius｜Kieffer, 1909

Isoplasus

Jentzschiella｜Meunier, 1899

Jurochlus｜Kalugina, 1985

Juropelopia｜Evenhuis, 1994

Jururumberus｜Mendes & Andersen, 2013

Kaluginia｜Makarchenko, 1987

Kamelopelopia｜Harrison, 1978

Kaniwhaniwhanus｜Boothroyd, 1999

Kiefferophyes｜Freeman, 1961

Kiefferulus｜Goetghebuer, 1922

Kloosia｜Kruseman, 1933

Knepperia｜Kieffer, 1908

Krenopelopia｜Fittkau, 1962

Krenopsectra｜Reiss, 1969

Krenosmittia｜Thienemann & Krüger, 1939

Kribibius

Kribiobius｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiocallis｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiocladius｜Kieffer, 1923

Kribiocosmus｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiocryptus｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiodorum｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiodosis｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiodoxa｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiomimus｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiomyia｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiopelma｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribiothauma｜Kieffer, 1921

Kribioxenus｜Kieffer, 1921

Kurobebrillia｜Sasa & Ogata, 1999

Kuschelius｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Kuzinia｜Shilova, 2001

Labrundinia｜Fittkau, 1962

Langtonius｜Lukashevich & Przhiboro, 2018

Lappodiamesa｜Serra-Tosio, 1968

Lappokiefferiella｜Tuiskunen, 1986

Lapposmittia｜Thienemann, 1939

Larsia｜Fittkau, 1962

Larsia｜Wiedemann, 1824

Lasiodiamesa｜Kieffer, 1924

Latitendipes｜Hong, 2002

Laurotanypus de｜Oliveira, da｜Conceicao｜Messias & da｜Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992

Lauterborniella｜Thienemann & Bause, 1913

Lebanorthocladius｜Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007

Lepidopelopia｜Harrison, 1970

Lepidopodus｜Freeman, 1958

Lerheimia｜Andersen & Sæther, 1993

Liaotendipes｜Hong, 2002

Liauningius｜Hong, 1982

Libanochlites｜Brundin, 1976

Libanodiamesa｜Veltz et al., 2007

Libanopelopia｜Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007

Libanorthocladius

Limaya｜Brundin, 1966

Limnophyes｜Eaton, 1875

Lindebergia｜Tuiskunen, 1984

Linevitshia｜Makarchenko, 1987

Lipiniella｜Shilova, 1961

Lipurometriocnemus｜Sæther, 1981

Lithotanytarsus｜Thienemann, 1933

Litocladius｜Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004

Ljungneria

Lobochironomus｜Ryser, Wulker & Scholl, 1985

Lobodiamesa｜Pagast, 1947

Lobomyia｜Niitsuma, 2007

Lobosmittia｜Sæther & Andersen, 1993

Lopescladius

Lunditendipes｜Harrison, 2000

Lundstroemiella｜Kieffer, 1923

Lundstroemiola｜Kieffer, 1924

Lunstroemia Lutetialestes Lymnophyes

Lyrocladius｜Mendes & Andersen, 2008

Macropelopia｜Thienemann, 1916

Madachironomus｜Andersen, 2016

Mailonia｜Kalugina, 1985

Manlayamyia｜Kalugina, 1980

马诺亚摇蚊属｜Manoa｜Fittkau

- Manoa obscura Fittkau, 1963
- Manoa pahayokeensis Jacobsen & Perry, 2002
- Manoa tangae Andersen & Saether, 1997
- 仙居马诺亚摇蚊 Manoa xianjuensis Qi & Li, 2017

Maoridiamesa｜Pagast, 1947

Mapucheptagyia｜Willassen

Mariambera

Maricladius｜Sublette, 1970

Maryella｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Maurius｜Lehmann, 1981

Maximberus｜Andersen & Mendes, 2012

Mecaorus｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Megacentron｜Freeman, 1961

Meigen

Meropelopia｜Roback, 1971

Mesoacentron｜Gilka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich & Cranston, 2021

Mesocricotopus｜Brundin, 1956

Mesopelopia｜Kalugina, 1985

Mesopelopia｜Roback, 1971

Mesosmittia

Metapelopia｜da Silva, Neubern de Oliveira & Trivinho-Strixino, 2014

Metriocnemis

Metriocnemus｜Van der Wulp, 1874

Miambera｜Andersen & Mendes, 2012

Micotendipes

小摇蚊属｜Microchironomus｜Kieffer, 1918

Microlenzia｜Kieffer, 1925

Micropelopia｜Thienemann & Zavrel, 1916

Micropsectra｜Kieffer, 1908

Microtendipes

Microzetia｜Seguy, 1965

Miscellanea｜Zorina, 2000

Mogsonomus｜Kalugina, 1985

Molleriella｜Saether & Ekrem, 1999

Mongolchironomus｜Sasa & Suzuki, 1997

Mongolcladius｜Sasa & Suzuki, 1997

Mongolyusurika｜Sasa & Suzuki, 1997

Monodiamesa｜Kieffer, 1922

Monopelopia

Monotanytarsus｜Kieffer, 1921

Murraycladius｜Ashe & O'Connor, 2007

Myanmaro｜Giłka, Makarchenko, Pankowski & Zakrzewska, 2019

Naelotanypus｜Roback, 1982

Nakataia｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Nandeva｜Wiedenbrug, Reiss & Fittkau, 1998

矮突摇蚊属｜Nanocladius｜Kieffer, 1913

Naonella｜Booth, 1994

Nasuticladius｜Freeman, 1961

Natarsia｜Fittkau, 1962

Natvigia｜Kieffer, 1922

Neelamia｜Soponis, 1987

Neobrillia｜Kawai, 1991

Neopodonomus｜Chaudhuri & Ghosh, 1981

Neostempellina｜Reiss, 1984

Neozavrelia｜Goetghebuer, 1941

Nepalia｜Kieffer, 1911

Nesiocladius｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Nidnurbia｜Sawedal, 1982

Nilodorum｜Kieffer, 1921

Nilodosis｜Kieffer, 1921

Nilomyia｜Kieffer, 1921

Nilotanypus｜Kieffer, 1923

Nilothauma｜Kieffer, 1921

Nimbocera｜Reiss, 1972

Ninelia｜Makarchenko & Makarchenko, 2004

Nomochirus｜Collado, 1926

Nonella

Nostococladius｜Ashe & Murray, 1980

Notocladius｜Harrison, 1997

Nubensia｜Spies, 2015

Ochlus｜Enderlein, 1912

Odontomesa｜Pagast, 1947

Okayamayusurika｜Sasa, 1989

Okinawayusurika｜Sasa & Hasegawa, 1988

Olecryptotendipes｜Zorina, 2007

Oleia｜Andersen & Mendes, 2007

Oliveiriella｜Wiedenbrug & Fittkau, 1997

Oliveridia｜Sæther, 1980

Omisus｜Townes, 1945

Onconeura｜Andersen & Sæther, 2005

Ophryophorus｜Freeman, 1959

Oreadomyia｜Kevan & Cutten-Ali-Khan, 1975

Oropuella｜Fasbender, 2020

Ortho｜GenusA

Orthocladius｜Wulp, 1874

Ortroya｜Kieffer, 1921

Orusa｜Lin, 1980

Oryctochlus｜Kalugina, 1985

Oshia

Oukuriella｜Epler, 1986,2013

Pachyuronympha｜Rodendorf, 1964

Pagastia｜Makarchenko, 2019

Pagastia｜Oliver, 1959

Pagastiella｜Brundin, 1949

Paggipelopia

Paicheleria｜Azar & Nel, 2010

Palaeoboreochlus｜Baranov & Andersen, 2014

Palaeocentron｜Gilka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich & Cranston, 2021

Palaeotanypus

Palatovia｜Makarchenko & Semenchenko, 2020

Pamirocesa｜Koçak & Kemal, 2008

Paraboreochlus｜Thienemann, 1939

Paraborniella｜Freeman, 1961

Parachaetocladius｜Freeman, 1964

Parachaetocladius｜Wülker, 1959

Parachasmatonotus｜Doitteau & Nel, 2007

Parachironomus Paracladius

Paracladopelma｜Harnisch, 1923

Paraclunio｜Kieffer, 1911

Paracricotopus｜Brundin, 1956

Paracricotopus｜Thienemann & Harnisch, 1932

Paradentipus

Paradoxocladius｜Harrison, 2000

Paraheptagyia｜Brundin, 1966

Parakiefferiella｜Thienemann, 1936

Paralauterborniella｜Lenz, 1941

Paralimnophyes｜Brundin, 1956

Paramerina｜Fittkau, 1962

Parametriocnemus｜Goetghebuer, 1931

Paranilothauma｜Soponis, 1987

Parapelopia｜Roback, 1971

Parapentaneura｜Stur, Fittkau & da Silva Serrano, 2006

Paraphaenocladius｜Thienemann, 1924

Paraphrotenia｜Brundin, 1966

Parapotthasttia

Parapsectra｜Reiss, 1969

Parapsectrocladius｜Cranston, 2000

Parapsectrocladius｜Playa

Parartrichocladius Parasectra

Paraskusella｜Cranston, 2018

Parasmittia｜Strenzke, 1950

Paratanypus｜Garrett, 1925

拟长跗摇蚊属｜Paratanytarsus

Paratendipes｜Kieffer, 1911，也拼作：Paratendipus

Paratrichocladius｜Santo-Abreu, 1918，也拼作Paratrichlocladius

Paratrissocladius｜Zavrel, 1937

Parochlus｜Enderlein, 1912

Parorthocladius｜Thienemann, 1935

Parvitergum｜Freeman, 1961

Paucispinigera｜Freeman, 1959

Paulfreemania｜Cranston & Krosch, 2011

Pebapomberus｜Mendes & Anderson, 2012

Pelomus｜Reiss, 1989

Pelopia｜Latreille, 1802

Pelopia｜Meigen, 1800

Pelopiina｜Statz, 1944

Pentaneura｜Philippi, 1865

Pentaneurella｜Fittkau & Murray, 1983

Pentapedilum｜Kieffer, 1913

Petalocladius｜Sublette & Wirth, 1972

Phaenopelma｜Kieffer, 1921

Phaenopsectra｜Kieffer, 1921

Physoneura｜Ferrington & Sæther, 1995

Phytochironomus｜Kieffer, 1921

Phytotelmatocladius

Pirara｜Boothroyd & Cranston

Platycladius｜Sublette, 1970

Platysmittia｜Saether, 1982

Plhudsonia｜Sæther, 1982

Ploegia｜Doitteau & Nel, 2007

Podochlus｜Brundin, 1966

Podomopsis

Podonomius｜Kalugina, 1985

Podonomopsis｜Brundin, 1966

Podonomus｜Philippi, 1865

Pogonocladius｜Brundin, 1956

多足摇蚊属｜Polypedilum｜Kieffer, 1912

Pontomyia｜Edwards, 1926

Potamoceroides｜Munier-Chalmas, 1901

Potthastia｜Kieffer, 1922

Probolum

Prochironomus｜Kieffer, 1909

Procladius

Prodiamesa｜Kieffer, 1906

Prolipiniella｜Doitteau & Nel, 2007

裸须摇蚊属｜Propsilocerus｜Kieffer, 1923

Prorietha

Prosmittia｜Brundin, 1956

Protanypus｜Kieffer, 1906

Protanytarsus｜Kieffer, 1921

Protenthes｜Johannsen, 1907

Protiethia

Protobelgica｜Séguy, 1965

Protobibio｜Rodendorf, 1946

Psammathiomyia｜(Deby, 1899)

Psectrocladius｜Kieffer, 1906

Psectrotanypus｜Kieffer, 1909

Pseudhydrobaenus｜Brèthes, 1913

Pseudobrillia｜Niitsuma, 1991

Pseudochasmatonotus｜Doitteau & Nel, 2007

假摇蚊属｜Pseudochironomus｜Malloch, 1915

Pseudocricotopus｜Nishida, 1987

Pseudodiamesa｜Goetghebuer, 1939

Pseudokiefferiella｜Zavrel, 1941

Pseudorthocladius｜Goetghebuer, 1932

Pseudosmittia

Psilochironomus｜Sublette, 1966

Psilometriocnemus｜Sæther, 1969

Pterosis｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Qiniella｜Wang & Sæther, 1998

Radotanypus｜Fittkau & Murray, 1985

Raphidocladius｜Sæther, 1983

Reissia｜Brundin, 1981

Reissmesa｜Ashe, 2000

Reomyia｜Roback, 1987

Rhagosmittia｜Ferrington & Saether, 2006

Rheochlus｜Brundin, 1966

趋流摇蚊属｜Rheocricotopus｜Thienemann & Harnisch, 1932

Rheomus｜Laville & Reiss, 1988

Rheopelopia｜Fittkau, 1962

Rheosmittia｜Brundin, 1986

Rheotanytarsus｜Thienemann & Bause, 1913

Rhinocladius｜Edwards, 1931

Rhopalocladius｜Kieffer, 1911

Riethia｜Kieffer, 1917

Robackia｜Saether, 1977

Saetheria｜Jackson, 1977

Saetheriella｜Halvorsen, 1982

Saetherocladius

Saetherocryptus｜Andersen & Mendes, 2007

Saetherolabis｜Andersen & Mendes, 2007

Saetheromyia｜Niitsuma, 2007

Saetherops｜Andersen & Mendes, 2007

Sasacricotopus｜Kobayashi & Sæther, 1999

Sasayusurika｜Makarchenko, 1993

Schineriella｜Murray & Fittkau, 1988

Semiocladius｜Sublette & Wirth, 1980

Sendelia｜Duisburg, 1868

Sendelia｜Meunier, 1899

Seppia｜Ekrem & Sæther, 2000

Sergentia｜Kieffer, 1922

Sergentina

Setukoyusurika｜Sasa & Suzuki, 2000

Shangomyia｜Sæther & Wang, 1993

Shilovia｜Makartshenko, 1989

Shinanoyasurika｜Sasa & Hirabayashi, 1991

Shinlustia｜Kalugina, 1986

Sinaspinus｜Hong, 2002

Sinoryctochlus｜Zhang, 1991

Siolimyia｜Fittkau, 1968

Skusella｜Freeman, 1961

Skutzia｜Reiss, 1985

Smittia｜Holmgren, 1869

Spaniotoma｜Philippi, 1865

Spinitendipes｜Hong, 2002

Spinorthocladius｜Doitteau & Nel, 2007

Stackelbergina｜Shilova & Zelentsov, 1978

Stelechomyia｜(Reiss)

Stempellina｜Thienemann & Bause, 1913

Stempellinella｜Brundin, 1947

狭摇蚊属｜Stenochironomus｜Kieffer, 1919

Stenocladius｜Kieffer, 1918

Sticochironomus

Stictochironomus｜Kieffer, 1919

Stictocladius｜Edwards, 1931

Stictotendipes｜Lenz, 1937

Stilocladius｜Rossaro, 1979

Stygocladius｜Moubayed-Breil, Ashe & Langton, 2012

Stylotanytarsus｜Kieffer, 1921

Sublettea｜Roback, 1975

Sublettiella｜Sæther, 1983

Sumatendipes｜Kikuchi & Sasa, 1990

Symbiocladius｜Kieffer, 1925

Sympotthastia｜Pagast, 1947

Syndiamesa｜Kieffer, 1918

Synendotendipes｜Grodhaus, 1987

Synoricotopus

Synorthocladius｜Thienemann, 1935

Tanyarsus

Tanypodites｜Kalugina, 1985

Tanypus

Tanytarsus｜Van Der Wulp

Tapajos｜Trivinho-Strixino, da Silva & de Oliveira, 2013

Tavastia｜Saether, 1992

Tavastia｜Tuiskunen, 1985

Telmatogeton｜Schiner, 1866

Telmatopelopia｜Fittkau, 1962

Telopelopia｜Roback, 1971

Tempisquitoneura｜Epler, 1995

Tendipopsis｜Hong & Wang, 1990

Tendipus

Tenuigastrulus｜Hong, 2002

Tethymyia｜Wirth, 1949

Thalassomya｜Schiner, 1856

Thalassomyia｜(Schiner, 1856)

Thalassosmittia｜(Strenzke & Remmert, 1957)

Thienemannia｜Kieffer, 1909

提尼曼摇蚊属｜Thienemanniella

Thienemannimyia｜Fittkau, 1957

Thienemanniola｜Kieffer, 1921

Thienimanniella

Tinactum｜Lin, 1980

Titimbera

Tobachironomus｜Kikuchi & Sasa, 1990

Tokunagaia｜Goetghebuer, 1932

Tokunagaia｜Saether, 1973

Tokunagayusurika｜Sasa, 1978

Tokyobrillia｜Kobayashi & Sasa, 1991

Tonegayusurika

Tonnoirocladius｜Cranston, 2007

Tophocladius｜Kalugina, 1985

Tosayusurika｜Sasa, Suzuki & Sakai, 1998

Townsia｜Sublette, 1966

Toyamayusurika｜Sasa & Kawai, 1987

Tribelos｜Townes, 1945

Trichochilus｜Sæther, 1985

Trichocladius｜Kieffer, 1906

Trichosmittia｜Yamamoto, 1999

Trichotanypus｜Kieffer, 1906

Trichotendipes｜Guha, Das, Chaudhuri & Choudhuri, 1985

Tripelma｜Kieffer, 1913

Trissocladius｜Kieffer, 1908

Trissopelopia｜Kieffer, 1923

Tritanytarsus｜Kieffer, 1921

Trondia｜Ferrington & Saether, 2006

Tsudayusurika｜Sasa, 1985

Tusimayusurika｜Sasa & Suzuki, 1999

Tvetenia｜Kieffer, 1922

Ubatubaneura｜Wiedenbrug & Trivinho-Strixino, 2009

Uirassubrillia｜Mendes, Andersen & Pinho, 2013

Ulaia｜Kalugina, 1985

Ulaimailia｜Kalugina, 1985

Ulaimailonia｜Kalugina, 1985

Ulaimailoniella｜Kalugina, 1985

Unniella｜Sæther, 1982

Usambaromyia｜Andersen & Sæther, 1994

Vertheia

Viduata｜Lin, 1980

Virgatanytarsus｜Pinder, 1982

Vivacricotopus｜Schnell & Saether, 1988

Wadelius｜Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007

Wirthiella｜Sublette, 1960

Wuelkerella｜Suárez & Sublette, 2012

Wulpiella｜Kieffer, 1899

Xenochironomus｜Kieffer, 1921

Xenopelopia｜Fittkau, 1962

Xenotanytarsus｜Kieffer, 1921

Xestochironomus｜Sublette & Wirth, 1972

Xestotendipes｜Harrison, 2000

Xiaomyia｜Sæther & Wang, 1993

Xylochironomus｜Cranston, 2006

Xylotopus｜Oliver

Yaeprimus｜Sasa & Suzuki, 2000

Yaequartus｜Sasa & Suzuki, 2000

Yaequintus｜Sasa & Suzuki, 2000

Yaesecundus｜Sasa & Suzuki, 2000

Yaetanytarsus｜Sasa, 1990

Yaetertius｜Sasa & Suzuki, 2000

Yaethauma｜Yamamoto, Yamamoto & Tang, 2018

Yama｜Sublette & Martin, 1980

Yarrhpelopia｜Cranston, 2017

Yuasaiella｜Tokunaga, 1938

Zalutschia｜Lipina, 1939

Zavrelia｜Kieffer, 1913

Zavreliella｜Kieffer, 1920

Zavrelimyia｜Fittkau, 1962

Zavrelimyia｜Kittkau

Zelandochlus｜Brundin, 1966

Zelentsoviella｜Krasheninnikov, 2019

Zhouomyia｜Sæther & Wang, 1993

Ziadeus｜Azar & Nel, 2010

Zuluchironomus｜Harrison, 2000

## 生态与应用

由于摇蚊幼虫对淡水水质变化敏感，常被视为监测淡水资源的重要指标生物。摇蚊幼虫能够消除水体中的有机物污染并促进有机物的矿化；然而由于摇蚊繁殖能力强，对水环境适应性高，幼虫大量繁殖时可能会污染供水系统。

摇蚊幼虫是鱼类的天然饵料，但某些种类对水稻等水生作物构成威胁，可能引发农作物灾害。

## 基本资料

- 学名：Chironomidae
- 说明：羽摇蚊（Chironomus plumosus）
- 命名者：Erichson, 1841
- subdivision_ranks：属
- 栽培群成员：共223个
- 异名：Tendipedidae