有教无类法案

有教无类法案（No Child Left Behind Act of 2001，Public Law 107-110），又译为不让任何孩子落后法案，简称为NCLB，是2002年1月8日由美国总统乔治·沃克·布希签署的一项美国联邦法律，该法案的措施的效力和愿望仍在引起热烈的辩论。

## 教师质量

不让任何孩子落后法案要求到2005-2006学年末，所有教师达到法案所定义的“非常合格”——完成州证明和执照。新教师必须满足以下条件：

- 至少拥有学士学位
- 小学教师必须通过全州考试，证明其阅读／语言艺术、写作、数学等小学课程基础领域的学科知识和教学技能。
- 中学教师必须通过全州任教学科考试

其他教师必须拥有学士学位，并通过全州的学科知识和教学技能考试。这些要求引起了许多辩论，特别是对于特殊教育教师和小型乡村学校的教师难以执行，他们常常要同时教许多年级和科目。更多信息参见 美国教育部网站：教师质量指南

## 学生考试

全国所有3－8年级学生每年必须接受各州政府的阅读和数学统考。到2007-2008学年末，3–5、6–9、10－11年级将各进行一次理科统考。

## 公立学校择校

也称School of Choice，各学校必须在一学年内取得规定的进步，否则学生可以要求转学。国会后来大幅度增长投资，为学区提供资金。

## 年度进步评估

NCLB在每年会对学校通过标准化测试的方法进行评估，这称为Adequately Yearly Progress（AYP），无法通过这项评估的学校会收到各种强制补救措施，比方增加财政投入、加强教师培训、学校托管甚至是关闭学校。

## 名称由来

该法案名称的最可能的来源是the liberal advocacy group (CDF)的格言，“不让任何孩子落后。”（"Leave No Child Behind."）这个CDF的座右铭本身最可能来源于美国陆军游骑兵的座右铭：“不让任何一个人被落下。”（"Leave No Man Behind."）

## 外部链接

- 美国国家教育协会 “不让任何孩子落后”/初等和中等教育法（英文） (国家教育协会的立场)
- 泰德·肯尼迪参议员支持修订《不让任何孩子落后法案》（英文）, 2007年3月
- NCLB之声 (受此法影响的教育者的众多评论和意见)（英文）
- "No Child Left" is a site and journal opposed to NCLB and highly critical of its approach to schools.
- School Ranking Data based on NCLB (subscription required)
- NCLB Desktop Reference (147 pages)
- NCLB Desktop Reference (online version, includes Microsoft documents and PDF links)
- Text of No Child Left Behind Act
- No Child Left Behind: Testing, Reporting, and Accountability
- Remarks by President Bush at signing ceremony
- Facts About NCLB Funding
- Implications of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 for Teacher Education
- Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the No Child Left Behind Act
- National Institute for Literacy
- Pros & Cons of the No Child Left Behind Act, at About.com
- Analysis of NCLB
- Comments by Secretary of Education
- No Child Left Behind: Misguided Accountability System for English Language Learners
- Linda Perlstein, The Nation 21 October 2004，"The Issue Left Behind"
- " White House paid commentator to promote law", 7 January 2005，Greg Toppo, USA Today
- President Discusses No Child Left Behind and High School Initiatives，Speech text and video, 12 January 2005
- "The ABCs of AYP" Explanation of the NCLB accountability system from The Education Trust
- No Child Left Behind at Wikia
- Mississippi Teacher Corps Focus Paper on No Child Left Behind
- Military Free Zone Reveals some of the darker sides of the NCLB Act
- Center for Education Reform website Promoting charter schools and other reforms
- Educational Underwriters Incorporated Non-profit organization which certifies the research backing educational products as NCLB compliant.
- National Center for Fair & Open Testing (FairTest)

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：2001年不让任何孩子落后法案
- 全名：通过责任感、灵活性和选择来缩小成就差距，从而不让任何孩子掉队。
- 缩写nobold：NCLB
- 考虑机关：107
- public law url：http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ110/content-detail.html
- cite public law：107-110
- cite statutes at large：30 Stat. 750, 42 Stat. 108, 48 Stat. 986, 52 Stat. 781, 73 Stat. 4, 88 Stat. 2213, 102 Stat. 130 and 357, 107 Stat. 1510, 108 Stat. 154 and 223, 112 Stat. 3076, 113 Stat. 1323, 115 Stat. 1425 to 2094
- acts amended：Adult Education and Family Literacy Act、Age Discrimination Act of 1975、Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellowship Act of 1994、Augustus F. Hawkins-Robert T. Stafford Elementary and Secondary School Improvement Amendments of 1988、Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998、Civil Rights Act of 1964、Communications Act of 1934、Community Services Block Grant Act、Department of Education Organization Act、District of Columbia College Access Act of 1999、Education Amendments of 1972、Education Amendments of 1978、Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999、Education for Economic Security Act、Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994、Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965、Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993、General Education Provisions Act、Goals 2000: Educate America Act、Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1986、Higher Education Act of 1965、Individuals with Disabilities Education Act、James Madison Memorial Fellowship Act、Internal Revenue Code of 1986、Johnson–O'Malley Act of 1934、Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1997、McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act of 1987、Museum and Library Services Act、National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977、National and Community Service Act of 1990、National Child Protection Act of 1993、National Education Statistics Act of 1994、National Environmental Education Act of 1990、Native American Languages Act、Public Law 88-210、Public Law 106-400、Refugee Education Assistance Act of 1980、Rehabilitation Act of 1973、Safe Drinking Water Act、School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994、State Dependent Care Development Grants Act、Telecommunications Act of 1996、Tribally Controlled Schools Act of 1987、Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976、Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century、Workforce Investment Act of 1998
- title amended：15 U.S.C.: Commerce and Trade、20 U.S.C.: Education、42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare、47 U.S.C.: Telegraphy
- sections amended：15 §§ 2601–2629、20 § 1001 et seq.、20、42 § 11301 et seq.、47 § 609、47 § 251 et seq.、47 § 151 et seq.、47 § 271 et seq.
- leghisturl：https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1/all-actions
- introducedin：众议院
- introducedby：John Boehner (R-OH)
- introduceddate：March 22, 2001
- 委员会：Education and the Workforce and Judiciary
- passedbody1：众议院
- passeddate1：May 23, 2001
- passedvote1： 384–45
- passedbody2：参议院
- passeddate2：June 14, 2001
- passedvote2： 91–8
- conferencedate：December 13, 2001
- passedbody3：众议院
- passeddate3：December 13, 2001
- passedvote3： 381–41
- passedbody4：参议院
- passeddate4：December 18, 2001
- passedvote4： 87–10
- 总统：George W. Bush
- 签署日期：January 8, 2002
- 修订：Repealed on December 10, 2015