锇的同位素

锇（76Os）有七种天然存在的同位素，其中五种稳定，分别是187Os、188Os、189Os、190Os和最常见的192Os。另外两种同位素184Os和186Os虽然有放射性，但它们极长的半衰期（分别为1.12×1013年和2×1015年）使它们在实际用途中可以看作是稳定同位素。作为187Re（半衰期4.56×1010年）衰变产物的187Os可在铼锇测年法中测量陨石的年龄。

除了七种天然存在的同位素以外，锇还有30种人造同位素，其中最长寿的是半衰期六年的194Os。锇还有九种同核异构体，其中191mOs最稳定，半衰期13.10小时。锇所有的同位素理论上都有放射性，但仍未被观测到。

## 图表

160Os

97us

α

156W

0+

41us

α

156W

8+

161Os

160.98905(43)#

0.64(6) ms

α

157W

(7/2–)

162Os

161.98443(32)#

2.1(1) ms

α

158W

0+

α

159W

β+ ?

163Re

α (96%)

160W

β+ (4%)

164Re

α (90%)

161W

β+ (10%)

165Re

α (83%)

162W

β+ (17%)

166Re

α (51%)

163W

β+ (49%)

167Re

0.672(7) μs

IT

167Os

13/2+

β+ (57%)

168Re

α (43%)

164W

β+ (86.3%)

169Re

α (13.7%)

165W

β+ (90.5%)

170Re

α (9.5%)

166W

β+ (98.20%)

171Re

α (1.80%)

167W

β+ (98.81%)

172Re

α (1.19%)

168W

β+ (99.6%)

173Re

α (0.4%)

169W

β+ (99.98%)

174Re

α (.024%)

170W

175Os

174.956945(13)

1.4(1) min

β+

175Re

(5/2−)

176Os

175.954770(12)

3.6(5) min

β+

176Re

0+

177Os

176.954958(16)

3.0(2) min

β+

177Re

1/2−

178Os

177.953253(15)

5.0(4) min

β+

178Re

0+

179Os

178.953816(17)

6.5(3) min

β+

179Re

1/2–

~500 ns

IT

179Os

(7/2)–

783(14) ns

IT

179Os

(9/2)+

180Os

179.952382(17)

21.5(4) min

β+

180Re

0+

181Os

180.953247(27)

105(3) min

β+

181Re

1/2−

2.7(1) min

β+

181Re

7/2−

262(6) ns

IT

181Os

9/2+

182Os

181.952110(23)

21.84(20) h

EC

182Re

0+

780(70) μs

IT

182Os

8–

150(10) ns

IT

182Os

25+

183Os

182.953125(53)

13.0(5) h

β+

183Re

9/2+

β+ (85%)

183Re

IT (15%)

183Os

184Os

183.95249292(89)

1.12(23)×1013 y

α

180W

0+

2(2)×10−4

185Os

184.95404597(89)

92.95(9) d

EC

185Re

1/2−

3.0(4) μs

IT

185Os

7/2−

0.78(5) μs

IT

185Os

11/2+

186Os

185.95383757(82)

2.0(11)×1015 y

α

182W

0+

0.0159(64)

187Os

186.95574957(79)

观测上稳定

1/2−

0.0196(17)

112(6) ns

IT

187Os

7/2−

231(2) μs

IT

187Os

11/2+

188Os

187.95583729(79)

观测上稳定

0+

0.1324(27)

189Os

188.95814595(72)

观测上稳定

3/2−

0.1615(23)

5.81(10) h

IT

189Os

9/2−

190Os

189.95844544(70)

观测上稳定

0+

0.2626(20)

9.86(3) min

IT

190Os

10−

191Os

190.96092811(71)

14.99(2) d

β−

191Ir

9/2−

13.10(5) h

IT

191Os

3/2−

192Os

191.9614788(25)

观测上稳定

0+

0.4078(32)

IT

192Os

β−?

192Ir

205(7) ns

IT

192Os

(20+)

193Os

192.9641496(25)

29.830(18) h

β−

193Ir

3/2−

121(28) ns

IT

193Os

(9/2−)

194Os

193.9651794(26)

6.0(2) y

β−

194Ir

0+

195Os

194.968318(60)

6.5(11) min

β−

195Ir

(3/2−)

IT

195Os

β−?

195Ir

196Os

195.969643(43)

34.9(2) min

β−

196Ir

0+

197Os

196.97308(22)#

93(7) s

β−

197Ir

5/2−#

198Os

197.97466(22)#

125(28) s

β−

198Ir

0+

199Os

198.97824(22)#

6(3) s

β−

199Ir

5/2−#

200Os

199.98009(32)#

7(4) s

β−

200Ir

0+

201Os

200.98407(32)#

3# s >300ns

β−?

201Ir

1/2−#

202Os

201.98655(43)#

2# s >300ns

β−?

202Ir

0+

β−?

203Ir

β− n?

202Ir

## 参考文献

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) .
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- infobox_name：osmium
- 货币符号：Os
- 日语原文：锇
- standard atomic weight：190.23(3)