蛞蝓

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蛞蝓，中国南方某些地区称蜒蚰，俗称鼻涕虫或无壳蜗牛，又称水蜒蚰，是一类无壳的陆生腹足纲软体动物，与同样陆生的蜗牛组成有肺目。蛞蝓雌雄同体，外表看起来像被摘除背壳的蜗牛，体表湿润有黏液，对农作物有害，但对人体无害。

## 食用价值

蛞蝓虽然可以食用，且味道和蜗牛无异，但因为外形对某些人会造成心理上的恶心，因此几乎很少能见到人类去食用这类软体动物；蛞蝓本身无毒无害，但它为血线虫的中间宿主，人类食用未100%煮熟的蛞蝓会被感染。

## 寄生虫病

蛞蝓是万年青属植物的花粉传授者，故在万年青上常可见蛞蝓出没。2010年，澳洲有一名19岁的橄榄球球员Sam Ballard，接受朋友的挑战，生吞活蛞蝓后，感染“广东住血线虫”（Rat Lungworm）。该寄生虫在啮齿动物身上发现，但蜗牛或蛞蝓在吃掉老鼠粪便时也会成为中间宿主。因此罹患了嗜酸性脑膜炎（eosinophilic meningo-encephalitis），导致终身瘫痪，于2018年病逝。

## 分类

- 直尿道亚目 Orthurethra
- Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873
- Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900
- Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900
- 蛹蜗牛超科 Pupilloidea Turton, 1831
- 弯尿道亚目 Sigmurethra
- Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
- 非洲大蜗牛超科 Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
- Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
- 欧洲蛞蝓超科 Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
- 无盔蛞蝓超科 Athoracophoroidea
- 无盔蛞蝓科 Athoracophoridae
- Orthalicoidea
- Bulimulinae
- Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
- 烟管蜗牛超科 Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864
- Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
- Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
- 苹果蜗牛超科 Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
- 背盾蛞蝓超科 Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
- Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
- Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
- Punctoidea Morse, 1864
- 彩釉蜗牛超科 Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
- 彩釉蜗牛科 Rhytididae Pilsbry, 1893，皱纹蜗牛科
- Afrorhytida Möllendorff, 1902
- Altidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Amborhytida Climo, 1974
- Annabellia Shea & O.L.Griffiths, 2010
- Austrorhytida B.J.Smith, 1987
- Briansmithia J.Stanisic, 2010
- Capitina H.Watson, 1934
- Chlamydephorus W.G.Binney, 1879
- Corilla H.Adams & A.Adams, 1855
- Costadelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Delos F.W.Hutton, 1904
- Delouagapia Powell, 1952
- Diplomphalus Crosse & P.Fischer, 1872
- Echotrida Iredale, 1933
- Emmalena J.Stanisic, 2018
- Griffithsina J.Stanisic, 2010
- Hebridelos Solem, 1959
- Laevidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Limesta J.Stanisic, 2010
- 拟巨圆螺属 Macrocycloides E.von Martens, 1867
- Macrodelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Microdelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Microphyura Ancey, 1882
- Minidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Montidelos Iredale, 1943
- Murphitella Iredale, 1933
- Nata H.Watson, 1934
- Natalina Pilsbry, 1893
- Natella H.Watson, 1934
- Occirhenea Iredale, 1933
- Ouagapia Crosse, 1895
- Paryphanta Albers, 1850
- Powelliphanta O'Connor, 1945
- Prolesophanta Iredale, 1933
- Protorugosa Shea & O.L.Griffiths, 2010
- Pseudechotrida J.Stanisic, 2010
- Pseudomphalus Ancey, 1882
- Ptychorhytida Möllendorff, 1902
- Rhytida Albers, 1860
- Rhytida Martens, 1860
- Rhytidarex Powell, 1948
- Saladelos B.J.Smith, 1979
- Scagacola J.Stanisic, 2010
- Schizoglossa Hedley, 1893
- Strangesta Iredale, 1937
- Tasmaphena Iredale, 1933
- Terrycarlessia J.Stanisic, 2010
- Torresiropa Iredale, 1933
- Torresiropa Solem, 1959
- Umbilidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Victaphanta Iredale, 1933
- Vitellidelos J.Stanisic, 2010
- Wainuia Powell, 1930
- Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895
- Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931
- 扭蜗牛超科 Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806
- Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926
- Parmacelloidea
- Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864

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## 外部链接

- Biology of Slugs
- Ohio State University slug fact sheet
- Leopard Slug Info
- Eastern Box Turtles eat slugs and snails
- Pancake Slug (Veronicella sloanei) Info
- Land Slugs and Snails and Their Control (pub. 1959) hosted by the UNT Government Documents Department
- slugs of Florida on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：有肺目
- 学名：Pulmonata
- 说明：大蛞蝓（Limax maximus），一种陆生蛞蝓