yuhuanstudio/wikipedia-omni-zh huggingface dataset:
钒的同位素

钒（原子量：50.9415(1)）共有31个同位素，其中有1个是稳定的。

## 图表

40V

40.01109(54)#

p

39Ti

2−#

41V

40.99978(22)#

p

40Ti

7/2−#

42V

41.99123(21)#

<55 ns

p

41Ti

2−#

43V

42.98065(25)#

80# ms

β+

43Ti

7/2−#

β+ (>99.9%)

44Ti

β−, α (<.1%)

40Ca

150(3) ms

β+

44Ti

(6+)

45V

44.965776(18)

547(6) ms

β+

45Ti

7/2−

46V

45.9602005(11)

422.50(11) ms

β+

46Ti

0+

1.02(7) ms

IT

46V

3+

47V

46.9549089(9)

32.6(3) min

β+

47Ti

3/2−

48V

47.9522537(27)

15.9735(25) d

β+

48Ti

4+

49V

48.9485161(12)

329(3) d

EC

49Ti

7/2−

50V

49.9471585(11)

2.71(13)×1017 y

β+

50Ti

6+

0.00250(10)

0.002487–0.002502

51V

50.9439595(11)

稳定

7/2−

0.99750(10)

0.997498–0.997513

52V

51.9447755(11)

3.743(5) min

β−

52Cr

3+

53V

52.944338(3)

1.60(4) min

β−

53Cr

7/2−

54V

53.946440(16)

49.8(5) s

β−

54Cr

3+

900(500) ns

(5+)

55V

54.94723(11)

6.54(15) s

β−

55Cr

(7/2−)#

β− (>99.9%)

56Cr

β−, n

55Cr

β− (>99.9%)

57Cr

β−, n (<.1%)

56Cr

β− (>99.9%)

58Cr

β−, n (<.1%)

57Cr

β− (>99.9%)

59Cr

β−, n (<.1%)

58Cr

β− (>99.9%)

60Cr

β−, n (<.1%)

59Cr

40(15) ms

1+#

>400 ns

61V

60.96848(43)#

47.0(12) ms

β−

61Cr

7/2−#

62V

61.97378(54)#

33.5(20) ms

β−

62Cr

3+#

63V

62.97755(64)#

17(3) ms

β−

63Cr

(7/2−)#

64V

63.98347(75)#

10# ms >300 ns

65V

64.98792(86)#

10# ms

5/2−#

## 参考文献

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：钒
- infobox_name：vanadium
- 货币符号：V
- standard atomic weight：50.9415(1)
铬的同位素

铬（原子质量单位：51.9961(6)）共有28个同位素，其中有4个是稳定的。

## 图表

β+ (>99.9%)

42V

2p (<.1%)

40Ti

β+ (71%)

43V

β+, p (23%)

42Ti

β+, 2p (6%)

41Sc

β+, α (<.1%)

39Sc

β+ (93%)

44V

β+, p (7%)

43Ti

β+ (73%)

45V

β+, p (27%)

44Ti

IT

45Cr

β+

45V

46Cr

45.968359(21)

0.26(6) s

β+

46V

0+

47Cr

46.962900(15)

500(15) ms

β+

47V

3/2−

48Cr

47.954032(8)

21.56(3) h

β+

48V

0+

49Cr

48.9513357(26)

42.3(1) min

β+

49V

5/2−

50Cr

49.9460442(11)

观测上稳定

0+

0.04345(13)

0.04294–0.04345

51Cr

50.9447674(11)

27.7025(24) d

EC

51V

7/2−

铬

51.9405075(8)

稳定

0+

0.83789(18)

0.83762–0.83790

53Cr

52.9406494(8)

稳定

3/2−

0.09501(17)

0.09501–0.09553

54Cr

53.9388804(8)

稳定

0+

0.02365(7)

0.02365–0.02391

55Cr

54.9408397(8)

3.497(3) min

β−

55Mn

3/2−

56Cr

55.9406531(20)

5.94(10) min

β−

56Mn

0+

57Cr

56.943613(2)

21.1(10) s

β−

57Mn

(3/2−)

58Cr

57.94435(22)

7.0(3) s

β−

58Mn

0+

59Cr

58.94859(26)

460(50) ms

β−

59Mn

5/2−#

96(20) µs

(9/2+)

60Cr

59.95008(23)

560(60) ms

β−

60Mn

0+

β− (>99.9%)

61Mn

β−, n (<.1%)

60Mn

β− (>99.9%)

62Mn

β−, n

61Mn

β−

63Mn

β−, n

62Mn

64Cr

63.96441(43)#

43(1) ms

β−

64Mn

0+

65Cr

64.97016(54)#

27(3) ms

β−

65Mn

(1/2−)#

66Cr

65.97338(64)#

10(6) ms

β−

66Mn

0+

67Cr

66.97955(75)#

10# ms>300 ns

β−

67Mn

1/2−#

β−?

68Mn

β−, n?

67Mn

β−, 2n?

66Mn

β−?

69Mn

β−, n?

68Mn

β−, 2n?

67Mn

β−?

70Mn

β−, n?

69Mn

β−, 2n?

68Mn

## 参考文献

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) .
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：铬
- 货币符号：Cr
- infobox_name：chromium
- standard atomic weight：51.9961(6)
锰的同位素

锰（原子量：54.938043(2)）共有32个同位素，其中有1个是稳定的。

## 图表

β+ (78%)

46Cr

β+, p (22%)

45V

β+, α (<1%)

42Ti

β+, 2p (<1%)

44Ti

1# ms

β+

46Cr

1-#

β+ (96.6%)

47Cr

β+, p (3.4%)

46V

β+ (99.71%)

48Cr

β+, p (.027%)

47V

β+, α (6×10−4%)

44Ti

49Mn

48.959618(26)

382(7) ms

β+

49Cr

5/2−

50Mn

49.9542382(11)

283.29(8) ms

β+

50Cr

0+

1.75(3) min

β+

50Cr

5+

51Mn

50.9482108(11)

46.2(1) min

β+

51Cr

5/2−

52Mn

51.9455655(21)

5.591(3) d

β+

52Cr

6+

β+ (98.25%)

52Cr

IT (1.75%)

52Mn

53Mn

52.9412901(9)

3.7(4)×106 y

EC

53Cr

7/2−

痕量

EC 99.99%

54Cr

β- (2.9×10−4%)

54Fe

β+ (5.76×10−7%)

54Cr

锰

54.9380451(7)

稳定

5/2−

1.0000

56Mn

55.9389049(7)

2.5789(1) h

β-

56Fe

3+

57Mn

56.9382854(20)

85.4(18) s

β-

57Fe

5/2−

58Mn

57.93998(3)

3.0(1) s

β-

58Fe

1+

β- (>99.9%)

58Fe

IT (<.1%)

58Mn

59Mn

58.94044(3)

4.59(5) s

β-

59Fe

(5/2)−

60Mn

59.94291(9)

51(6) s

β-

60Fe

0+

β- (88.5%)

60Fe

IT (11.5%)

60Mn

61Mn

60.94465(24)

0.67(4) s

β-

61Fe

(5/2)−

β- (>99.9%)

62Fe

β−, n (<.1%)

61Fe

92(13) ms

(1+)

63Mn

62.95024(28)

275(4) ms

β-

63Fe

5/2−#

β- (>99.9%)

64Fe

β−, n (<.1%)

63Fe

>100 µs

β- (>99.9%)

65Fe

β−, n (<.1%)

64Fe

β- (>99.9%)

66Fe

β−, n (<.1%)

65Fe

67Mn

66.96414(54)#

45(3) ms

β-

67Fe

5/2−#

68Mn

67.96930(64)#

28(4) ms

69Mn

68.97284(86)#

14(4) ms

5/2−#

## 参考文献

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：锰
- 货币符号：Mn
- infobox_name：manganese
- standard atomic weight：54.938043(2)
铁的同位素

铁（原子量：55.845(2)）共有34个同位素，有四种天然同位素，其中有4个是稳定的，他们包括铁，丰度占5.845%、铁，丰度占91.754%、铁，丰度占2.119%、铁，丰度占0.282%，其中铁在许多研究中表明可能具放射性，半衰期大于3.1×1022年，但目前尚未观测到明确的衰变现象。下面列出24种铁已知的放射性同位素半衰期等资料，也可以参考 布鲁克海文国家实验室交互式核素表 以查阅更精确的数值。

早期许多测量铁的同位素组成多半是着重在伴随核合成过程（也就是陨石相关研究）以及成矿分析来确定铁的变化量；然而，在过去十年中，在质谱分析技术的进步已经允许在短时间内检测和定量天然存在的铁的稳定同位素的比率。这项技术大部分已运用在地球科学和行星科学的相关研究，应用生物和工业系统也开始出现。

## 铁-54

铁-54理论上可以经由双电子捕获衰变成铬-54，半衰期大于3.1x1022年，但目前没有观测到铁-54的衰变，因此铁-54可以视为观测上稳定的同位素。

## 铁-56

铁-56是所有核素中，平均核子质量最低的核素，平均每个核子质量为930.412 MeV/c2，相当于0.9988个原子质量单位，但并不是平均结合能最高的核素，平均结合能最高的核素是镍-62。然而，根据核合成的运作细节，铁通常是极大质量恒星中核聚变链的更常见的终点，因此在宇宙中十分常见，但相对于其他金属，包括镍、铁和镍都具有非常高的结合能。

## 铁-57

由于铁-57有低自然变化的跃迁能量14.4KeV，因此被广泛应用于穆斯堡尔谱和相关的核共振振动光谱中。

## 铁-60

铁-60（铁）是铁的同位素之一，其半衰期约为年，但在2009年之前一直被认为只有150万年的半衰期。铁会经历β-衰变衰变成钴-60。

## 图表

β+ (30%)

Mn

2p (70%)

Cr

β+ (>99.9%)

Mn

β+, p (<.1%)

Cr

β+ (>99.9%)

Mn

β+, p (<.1%)

46Cr

β+ (96.41%)

Mn

β+, p (3.59%)

Cr

β+, p (52%)

Cr

β+ (48%)

Mn

β+ (>99.9%)

Mn

β+, p (<.1%)

49Cr

铁

50.956820(16)

305(5) ms

β+

Mn

5/2−

铁

51.948114(7)

8.275(8) h

β+

Mn

0+

45.9(6) s

β+

Mn

(12+)#

铁

52.9453079(19)

8.51(2) min

β+

Mn

7/2−

2.526(24) min

IT

铁

19/2−

铁

53.9396105(7)

观测上稳定

0+

0.05845(35)

0.05837–0.05861

364(7) ns

Fe

10+

铁-55

54.9382934(7)

2.737(11) y

EC

Mn

3/2−

铁

55.9349375(7)

稳定

0+

0.91754(36)

0.91742–0.91760

铁

56.9353940(7)

稳定

1/2−

0.02119(10)

0.02116–0.02121

铁

57.9332756(8)

稳定

0+

0.00282(4)

0.00281–0.00282

铁

58.9348755(8)

44.495(9) d

β-

Co

3/2−

铁

59.934072(4)

2.6×106 a

β-

Co

0+

痕量

铁

60.936745(21)

5.98(6) min

β-

Co

3/2−,5/2−

250(10) ns

9/2+#

铁

61.936767(16)

68(2) s

β-

Co

0+

铁

62.94037(18)

6.1(6) s

β-

Co

(5/2)−

铁

63.9412(3)

2.0(2) s

β-

Co

0+

铁

64.94538(26)

1.3(3) s

β-

Co

1/2−#

430(130) ns

Fe

(5/2−)

β- (>99.9%)

Co

β-, n (<.1%)

65Co

β- (>99.9%)

Co

β-, n (<.1%)

66Co

64(17) µs

(5/2−)

β- (>99.9%)

Co

β-, n

67Co

β- (>99.9%)

Co

β-, n (<.1%)

68Co

铁

69.96146(64)#

94(17) ms

0+

铁

70.96672(86)#

30# ms>300 ns

7/2+#

铁

71.96962(86)#

10# ms>300 ns

0+

## 参考文献

### 来源

- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) .
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：铁
- 货币符号：Fe
- infobox_name：iron
- standard atomic weight：55.845(2)
钴的同位素

钴（原子量：58.933194(3)）共有40个同位素，其中有1个是稳定的。

## 图表

47Co

47.01149(54)#

7/2−#

48Co

48.00176(43)#

p

47Fe

6+#

p (>99.9%)

48Fe

β+ (<.1%)

49Fe

β+, p (54%)

49Mn

β+ (46%)

50Fe

51Co

50.97072(16)#

60# ms >200 ns

β+

51Fe

7/2−#

52Co

51.96359(7)#

115(23) ms

β+

52Fe

(6+)

β+

52Fe

IT

52Co

53Co

52.954219(19)

242(8) ms

β+

53Fe

7/2−#

β+ (98.5%)

53Fe

p (1.5%)

52Fe

54Co

53.9484596(8)

193.28(7) ms

β+

54Fe

0+

1.48(2) min

β+

54Fe

(7)+

55Co

54.9419990(8)

17.53(3) h

β+

55Fe

7/2−

56Co

55.9398393(23)

77.233(27) d

β+

56Fe

4+

57Co

56.9362914(8)

271.74(6) d

EC

57Fe

7/2−

58Co

57.9357528(13)

70.86(6) d

β+

58Fe

2+

9.04(11) h

IT

58Co

5+

10.4(3) µs

4+

Co

58.9331950(7)

稳定

7/2−

1.0000

钴

59.9338171(7)

5.2713(8) y

β-, γ

60Ni

5+

IT (99.76%)

60Co

β- (.24%)

60Ni

61Co

60.9324758(10)

1.650(5) h

β-

61Ni

7/2−

62Co

61.934051(21)

1.50(4) min

β-

62Ni

2+

β- (99%)

62Ni

IT (1%)

62Co

63Co

62.933612(21)

26.9(4) s

β-

63Ni

7/2−

64Co

63.935810(21)

0.30(3) s

β-

64Ni

1+

65Co

64.936478(14)

1.20(6) s

β-

65Ni

(7/2)−

66Co

65.93976(27)

0.18(1) s

β-

66Ni

(3+)

1.21(1) µs

(5+)

>100 µs

(8-)

67Co

66.94089(34)

0.425(20) s

β-

67Ni

(7/2−)#

68Co

67.94487(34)

0.199(21) s

β-

68Ni

(7-)

1.6(3) s

(3+)

β- (>99.9%)

69Ni

β-, n (<.1%)

68Ni

β- (>99.9%)

70Ni

β-, n (<.1%)

69Ni

500(180) ms

(3+)

β- (>99.9%)

71Ni

β-, n (<.1%)

70Ni

β- (>99.9%)

72Ni

β-, n (<.1%)

71Ni

73Co

72.96024(75)#

41(4) ms

7/2−#

74Co

73.96538(86)#

50# ms >300 ns

0+

75Co

74.96833(86)#

40# ms >300 ns

7/2−#

## 参考文献

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：钴
- 货币符号：Co
- standard atomic weight：58.933194(3)
镍的同位素

镍（原子量：58.6934(2)）共有24个同位素，其中有5个是稳定的。

## 图表

镍

48.01975(54)#

10# ms>500 ns

0+

镍

49.00966(43)#

13(4) ms12(+5-3) ms

7/2−#

镍

49.99593(28)#

9.1(18) ms

β+

钴

0+

镍

50.98772(28)#

30# ms>200 ns

β+

钴

7/2−#

β+ (83%)

钴

β+, p (17%)

铁

β+ (55%)

钴

β+, p (45%)

铁

镍

53.95791(5)

104(7) ms

β+

钴

0+

镍

54.951330(12)

204.7(17) ms

β+

钴

7/2−

镍

55.942132(12)

6.075(10) d

β+

钴

0+

镍

56.9397935(19)

35.60(6) h

β+

钴

3/2−

镍

57.9353429(7)

观测上稳定

0+

0.680769(89)

EC (99%)

β+ (1.5x10−5%)

镍

59.9307864(7)

稳定

0+

0.262231(77)

镍

60.9310560(7)

稳定

3/2−

0.011399(6)

镍

61.9283451(6)

稳定

0+

0.036345(17)

镍

62.9296694(6)

100.1(20) y

β-

铜

1/2−

1.67(3) µs

5/2−

镍

63.9279660(7)

稳定

0+

0.009256(9)

镍

64.9300843(7)

2.5172(3) h

β-

铜

5/2−

69(3) µs

1/2−

镍

65.9291393(15)

54.6(3) h

β-

铜

0+

镍

66.931569(3)

21(1) s

β-

铜

1/2−

β-

铜

IT

67Ni

镍

67.931869(3)

29(2) s

β-

铜

0+

276(65) ns

0+

860(50) µs

5-

镍

68.935610(4)

11.5(3) s

β-

铜

9/2+

β-

铜

IT

69Ni

439(3) ns

(17/2−)

镍

69.93650(37)

6.0(3) s

β-

铜

0+

232(1) ns

8+

镍

70.94074(40)

2.56(3) s

β-

铜

1/2−#

β- (>99.9%)

铜

β-, n (<.1%)

铜

β- (>99.9%)

铜

β-, n (<.1%)

铜

β- (>99.9%)

铜

β-, n (<.1%)

铜

β- (98.4%)

铜

β-, n (1.6%)

铜

β- (>99.9%)

铜

β-, n (<.1%)

铜

镍

76.96055(54)#

300# ms>300 ns

β-

铜

9/2+#

镍

77.96318(118)#

120# ms>300 ns

β-

铜

0+

## 参考文献

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) .
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：镍
- 货币符号：Ni
- infobox_name：nickel
- standard atomic weight：58.6934(4)
铜的同位素

铜（原子质量单位：63.546(3)）共有36个同位素，其中有2个是稳定的。

## 图表

52Cu

51.99718(28)#

p

51Ni

(3+)#

53Cu

52.98555(28)#

<300 ns

p

52Ni

(3/2−)#

54Cu

53.97671(23)#

<75 ns

p

53Ni

(3+)#

β+

55Ni

p

54Ni

56Cu

55.95856(15)#

93(3) ms

β+

56Ni

(4+)

57Cu

56.949211(17)

196.3(7) ms

β+

57Ni

3/2−

58Cu

57.9445385(17)

3.204(7) s

β+

58Ni

1+

59Cu

58.9394980(8)

81.5(5) s

β+

59Ni

3/2−

60Cu

59.9373650(18)

23.7(4) min

β+

60Ni

2+

61Cu

60.9334578(11)

3.333(5) h

β+

61Ni

3/2−

62Cu

61.932584(4)

9.673(8) min

β+

62Ni

1+

铜

62.9295975(6)

Stable

3/2−

0.6915(15)

0.68983–0.69338

β+ (61%)

64Ni

β- (39%)

64Zn

65Cu

64.9277895(7)

Stable

3/2−

0.3085(15)

0.30662–0.31017

66Cu

65.9288688(7)

5.120(14) min

β-

66Zn

1+

67Cu

66.9277303(13)

61.83(12) h

β-

67Zn

3/2−

68Cu

67.9296109(17)

31.1(15) s

β-

68Zn

1+

IT (84%)

68Cu

β- (16%)

68Zn

69Cu

68.9294293(15)

2.85(15) min

β-

69Zn

3/2−

360(30) ns

(13/2+)

70Cu

69.9323923(17)

44.5(2) s

β-

70Zn

(6-)

33(2) s

β-

70Zn

(3-)

6.6(2) s

1+

71Cu

70.9326768(16)

19.4(14) s

β-

71Zn

(3/2−)

271(13) ns

(19/2−)

72Cu

71.9358203(15)

6.6(1) s

β-

72Zn

(1+)

1.76(3) µs

(4-)

β- (>99.9%)

73Zn

β-, n (<.1%)

72Zn

74Cu

73.939875(7)

1.594(10) s

β-

74Zn

(1+,3+)

β- (96.5%)

75Zn

β-, n (3.5%)

74Zn

β- (97%)

76Zn

β-, n (3%)

75Zn

1.27(30) s

β-

76Zn

(1,3)

77Cu

76.94785(43)#

469(8) ms

β-

77Zn

3/2−#

78Cu

77.95196(43)#

342(11) ms

β-

78Zn

β-, n (55%)

78Zn

β- (45%)

79Zn

80Cu

79.96087(64)#

100# ms >300 ns

β-

80Zn

## 参考文献

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) .
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：铜
- 货币符号：Cu
- infobox_name：copper
- standard atomic weight：63.546(3)
锌的同位素

锌（原子量：65.409(4)）共有40个同位素，其中有5个是稳定的。

## 图表

54Zn

53.99295(43)#

2p

52Ni

0+

2p

53Ni

β+

55Cu

56Zn

55.97238(28)#

36(10) ms

β+

56Cu

0+

β+, p (65%)

56Ni

β+ (35%)

57Cu

β+, p (60%)

57Ni

β+ (40%)

58Cu

β+ (99%)

59Cu

β+, p (1%)

58Ni

60Zn

59.941827(11)

2.38(5) min

β+

60Cu

0+

61Zn

60.939511(17)

89.1(2) s

β+

61Cu

3/2−

<430 ms

1/2−

140(70) ms

3/2−

<130 ms

5/2−

62Zn

61.934330(11)

9.186(13) h

β+

62Cu

0+

63Zn

62.9332116(17)

38.47(5) min

β+

63Cu

3/2−

64Zn

63.9291422(7)

观测上稳定

0+

0.4917(75)

65Zn

64.9292410(7)

243.66(9) d

β+

65Cu

5/2−

1.6(6) µs

(1/2)−

66Zn

65.9260334(10)

Stable

0+

0.2773(98)

67Zn

66.9271273(10)

Stable

5/2−

0.0404(16)

68Zn

67.9248442(10)

Stable

0+

0.1845(63)

69Zn

68.9265503(10)

56.4(9) min

β-

69Ga

1/2−

IT (96.7%)

69Zn

β- (3.3%)

69Ga

70Zn

69.9253193(21)

观测上稳定

0+

0.0061(10)

71Zn

70.927722(11)

2.45(10) min

β-

71Ga

1/2−

β- (99.95%)

71Ga

IT (.05%)

71Zn

72Zn

71.926858(7)

46.5(1) h

β-

72Ga

0+

73Zn

72.92978(4)

23.5(10) s

β-

73Ga

(1/2)−

13.0(2) ms

(5/2+)

β-

73Ga

IT

73Zn

74Zn

73.92946(5)

95.6(12) s

β-

74Ga

0+

75Zn

74.93294(8)

10.2(2) s

β-

75Ga

(7/2+)#

76Zn

75.93329(9)

5.7(3) s

β-

76Ga

0+

77Zn

76.93696(13)

2.08(5) s

β-

77Ga

(7/2+)#

IT (50%)

77Zn

β- (50%)

77Ga

78Zn

77.93844(10)

1.47(15) s

β-

78Ga

0+

319(9) ns

(8+)

β- (98.7%)

79Ga

β-, n (1.3%)

78Ga

β- (99%)

80Ga

β-, n (1%)

79Ga

β- (92.5%)

81Ga

β-, n (7.5%)

80Ga

82Zn

81.95442(54)#

100# ms >300 ns

β-

82Ga

0+

83Zn

82.96103(54)#

80# ms >300 ns

5/2+#

## 参考文献

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) .
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：锌
- 货币符号：Zn
- infobox_name：zinc
- standard atomic weight：65.38(2)
马安澜

马安澜（1916年5月29日2001年－8月1日），中华民国陆军二级上将，原名马青海，生于辽宁省辽中县，中华民国军事将领。

## 生平

黄埔军校第十期步兵科毕业。西安事变时任蒋中正侍卫班班长，于听到枪声时趋前保护蒋，屈身帮蒋翻越华清池招待所高墙。陆军大学第十八期、三军联合大学毕业，美国陆军指挥参谋大学结业。历任团长、副师长、师长、军长、金门防卫司令部副司令官、陆军第二野战军团司令。1969年7月至1972年5月，担任金门防卫司令部司令官，后升任陆军副总司令。1975年3月，任中华民国陆军总司令，晋升二级上将。1978年6月，调任参谋本部副参谋总长执行官。1981年12月，调任总统府参军长。1986年，改任中华民国总统府战略顾问。2001年，8月1日在台北三军总医院病逝。于金门县设有马安澜为名的安澜国小。

## 基本资料

- 出生：马青海
- 头衔：中华民国（台湾）军事将领
- 性别：男
- 籍贯：辽宁省辽中县
- 出生：1916年5月29日
- 逝世：2001年8月1日
- 出生：奉天省辽中县
- 逝世：中华民国（台湾）台北市
- 服役：中华民国陆军
- 军衔：

<image>

二级上将
- 学历：陆军军官学校10期毕业、陆军大学第十八期、三军联合大学毕业、美国陆军指挥参谋大学结业
- past：陆军第二野战军团司令、陆军金门防卫司令部司令官、陆军副总司令、陆军总司令
镓的同位素

镓（原子量：69.723(1)）共有34个同位素，其中有2个是稳定的。

## 图表

56Ga

55.99491(28)#

p

55Zn

3+#

57Ga

56.98293(28)#

p

56Zn

1/2−#

58Ga

57.97425(23)#

p

57Zn

2+#

59Ga

58.96337(18)#

p

58Zn

3/2−#

60Ga

59.95706(12)#

70(10) ms

β+

60Zn

(2+)

61Ga

60.94945(6)

168(3) ms

β+

61Zn

3/2−

62Ga

61.944175(30)

116.18(4) ms

β+

62Zn

0+

63Ga

62.9392942(14)

32.4(5) s

β+

63Zn

(3/2−)

64Ga

63.9368387(22)

2.627(12) min

β+

64Zn

0(+#)

21.9(7) µs

2+

65Ga

64.9327348(9)

15.2(2) min

β+

65Zn

3/2−

66Ga

65.931589(3)

9.49(7) h

β+

66Zn

0+

67Ga

66.9282017(14)

3.2612(6) d

EC

67Zn

3/2−

68Ga

67.9279801(16)

67.783(27) min

β+

68Zn

1+

镓

68.9255736(13)

Stable

3/2−

0.60108(50)

β- (99.59)

70Ge

EC (0.41%)

70Zn

71Ga

70.9247013(11)

Stable

3/2−

0.39892(50)

72Ga

71.9263663(11)

14.095(3) h

β-

72Ge

3-

39.68(13) ms

IT

72Ga

(0+)

73Ga

72.9251747(18)

4.86(3) h

β-

73Ge

3/2−

74Ga

73.926946(4)

8.12(12) min

β-

74Ge

(3-)

9.5(10) s

(0)

75Ga

74.9265002(26)

126(2) s

β-

75Ge

(3/2)−

76Ga

75.9288276(21)

32.6(6) s

β-

76Ge

(2+,3+)

77Ga

76.9291543(26)

13.2(2) s

β-

77Ge

(3/2−)

78Ga

77.9316082(26)

5.09(5) s

β-

78Ge

(3+)

β- (99.911%)

79mGe

β-, n (.089%)

78Ge

β- (99.11%)

80Ge

β-, n (.89%)

79Ge

β- (88.11%)

81mGe

β-, n (11.89%)

80Ge

β- (78.5%)

82Ge

β-, n (21.5%)

81Ge

β- (60%)

83Ge

β-, n (40%)

82Ge

β-, n (70%)

83Ge

β- (30%)

84Ge

85Ga

84.95700(54)#

50# ms >300 ns

3/2−#

86Ga

85.96312(86)#

30# ms >300 ns

## 参考文献

- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

## 基本资料

- 日语原文：镓
- infobox_name：gallium
- 货币符号：Ga
- standard atomic weight：69.723(1)