玛雅潘

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玛雅潘（犹加敦马雅语：Màayapáan；西班牙语：Mayapán），是中美洲古代玛雅文明后期中心之一，位于墨西哥尤卡坦半岛境内，奇琴伊察以西100公里，坐标：北纬20°37′46″，西经89°27′38″。

1221年左右，玛雅人发动起义，推翻了奇琴伊察的统治。不久，各个城邦首领召开会议，商议重新建立一个政治中心，将其命名为“玛雅潘”，意为“玛雅人的标准”。科科姆家族（Cocom）首领被选为玛雅之王，但是其他贵族家族亦派出成员参与政府。

1441年，希乌家族的首领舒潘（Ah Xiu Xupan）领导了反抗科科姆家族的起义，攻占玛雅潘。最终科科姆家族遭到灭族，只有一人因为贸易去了洪都拉斯而幸存下来，玛雅潘被洗劫、焚毁并废弃，其他区内大城市都走向衰落，而尤卡坦半岛就陷入了多国混战。

1950年代，卡内基基金会资助了一次对玛雅潘的大规模考察，发现了一系列遗迹，推断出其规模大约在1万至1万5千居民左右。

## 参考文献

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## 基本资料

- 日语原文：玛雅潘、Màayapáan
- 谚文：Mesoamerica
- 座标：20°N 37°W
- 地点：墨西哥尤卡坦州特科市
- 地区：尤卡坦半岛
- 文化：玛雅文明