发光杆菌属

发光杆菌属（学名：Photobacterium）又叫光合细菌，是弧菌目弧菌科的一个属。染色性质上属于革兰氏阴性菌。普遍的存在于海洋环境中和海洋生物体的体表和少许海洋生物的肠道中。

## 发光杆菌症

光杆菌症（photobacteriosis）是养殖海鲡最常见的细菌性疾病，尤其是好发于海上箱网。本病病原为发光杆菌，病鱼发病时体色变黑，消瘦，肝、肾、脾等脏器会出现白色结节，又称为类结节症、假性结核病或巴斯德杆菌症，发病率逾六成，致死率达五成以上。世界各地也相继报导此病严重危害养殖鱼类，如日本的青甘鲹、黑鲷、赤点石斑鱼、条纹梭鱼、比目鱼及瓜子鱲；以色列、欧洲及地中海的金头鲷及欧洲海鲈；美国的条纹鲈及美洲狼鲈；台湾、美国及地中海的杂交条纹鲈等。发光杆菌症致死率高、宿主范围广泛及疫情见于世界各地，对养殖鱼类而言，是一种危害性极高的细菌性疾病之一。

## 下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

Photobacterium aestuarii｜Lo et al. 2014

Photobacterium alginatilyticum｜Wang et al. 2017

Photobacterium andalusiense｜Labella et al. 2019

狭小发光杆菌｜Photobacterium angustum｜Reichelt et al. 1979

Photobacterium aphoticum｜Lucena et al. 2011

Photobacterium aplysiae｜Seo et al. 2005

Photobacterium aquae｜Liu et al. 2014

Photobacterium aquimaris｜Yoshizawa et al. 2009

银色发光杆菌｜Photobacterium argenteus

波罗的海发光杆菌｜Photobacterium balticum

贝氏发光杆菌｜Photobacterium belozerskii

喀拉伯发光杆菌｜Photobacterium caraibicum

Photobacterium carnosum｜Hilgarth et al. 2018

摇蚊发光杆菌｜Photobacterium chironomi

Photobacterium chitinilyticum｜Wang et al. 2019

冠状发光杆菌｜Photobacterium coronata

蓝磷光发光杆菌｜Photobacterium cyanophosphorescens

美人鱼发光杆菌｜Photobacterium damsela｜(Love et al. 1982) Smith et al. 1991，美人鱼李斯道氏菌，美人鱼利斯顿氏菌

- 美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种 Photobacterium damsela piscicida

Photobacterium damselae｜(Love et al. 1982) Smith et al. 1991

退化发光杆菌｜Photobacterium degenerans

台儿加底发光杆菌｜Photobacterium delgadensis

费氏发光杆菌｜Photobacterium fischeri｜(Beijerinck 1889) Reichelt and Baumann 1973，本种以最早研究发光细菌的学生之一B．Fischer的名字命名。

Photobacterium frigidiphilum｜Seo et al. 2005

Photobacterium gaetbulicola｜Kim et al. 2010

Photobacterium galatheae｜Machado et al. 2015

Photobacterium ganghwense｜Park et al. 2006

胶黏发光杆菌｜Photobacterium glutinosa

Photobacterium halotolerans｜Rivas et al. 2006

哈氏发光杆菌｜Photobacterium harveri

组胺发光杆菌｜Photobacterium histaminum｜Okuzumi et al. 1994

Photobacterium iliopiscarium｜(Onarheim et al. 1995) Urakawa et al. 1999

Photobacterium indicum｜(Johnson and Weisrock 1969) Ivanova et al. 2004

印度发光杆菌｜Photobacterium indicum｜(Johnson and Weisrock 1969) Xie and Yokota 2004

Photobacterium jeanii｜Chimetto et al. 2010

Photobacterium kishitanii｜Ast et al. 2007

鳆发光杆菌｜Photobacterium leiognathi｜Boisvert et al. 1967

Photobacterium lipolyticum｜Yoon et al. 2005

Photobacterium logei｜(ex Bang et al. 1978) Harwood et al. 1980

Photobacterium lucens｜Enciso-Ibarra et al. 2020

Photobacterium lutimaris｜Jung et al. 2007

Photobacterium malacitanum｜Labella et al. 2019

Photobacterium obscurum｜Hong et al. 2023

Photobacterium panuliri｜Deep et al. 2015

明亮发光杆菌｜Photobacterium phosphoreum｜(Cohn 1878) Beijerinck 1889

Photobacterium piscicola｜Figge et al. 2015

深海发光细菌｜Photobacterium profundum｜Nogi et al. 1998

Photobacterium proteolyticum｜Li et al. 2017

Photobacterium rosenbergii｜Thompson et al. 2005

Photobacterium salinisoli｜Li et al. 2019

Photobacterium sanctipauli｜Moreira et al. 2015

Photobacterium sanguinicancri｜Gomez-Gil et al. 2016

Photobacterium swingsii｜Gomez-Gil et al. 2011

Photobacterium toruni｜Labella et al. 2017

## 文献参考

- Watson, 1984. Bergey,s manual of systematic bacteriology.Volumel p539-545.
- LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature

## 基本资料

- 学名：Photobacterium
- 命名者：Beijerinck, 1889
- 模式种：明亮发光杆菌、Photobacterium phosphoreum
- type species authority：(Cohn, 1878) Beijerinck, 1889
- subdivision_ranks：种
- 栽培群成员：P. leiognathi、P. phosphoreum、P. profundum