长脚蛛科

长脚蛛科（学名：Tetragnathidae），又名肖蛸科或肖峭科，是蜘蛛目新蛛下目一个蜘蛛的科，由安东·门格于1866年描述。

## 形态描述

本科物种有一具拉长了的身体、腿及螯肢，所结的蜘蛛网都是空心圆网，其网经长呈水平或稍微倾斜。部分物种通常可在近水的长长植被里发现。蜘蛛体长雌性约9~13毫米，雄性约7~8毫米。与多半蜘蛛相同，属于本科物种皆有八单眼，其位置如下：

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## 系统学

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根据《中国动物志》，本科包括六个亚科、20个属，但有部分分类现时已独立出去，但仍归到金蛛总科之下。

World Spider Catalog接纳以下有现生种的属：

- Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
- Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
- Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
- Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
- Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
- Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
- Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
- Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
- O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
- Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
- 锯螯蛛属 锯螯蛛属 Simon, 1893：见于印尼、巴西及萨摩亚。
- Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
- Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
- Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
- Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- 银腹蛛属 Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
- Leucauge White, 1841：又名银鳞蛛属，见于非洲、北美洲、亚洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
- Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
- Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
- 后蛛属 C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
- O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
- Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
- Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
- Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
- Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
- Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
- Simon, 1908 — Australia
- Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
- Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
- Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
- Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
- O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
- Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
- Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
- Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
- Lessert, 1938 — Congo
- Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
- Archer, 1951 — Mexico
- Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
- Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
- Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
- 长脚蜘蛛属 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804：又名肖蛸属— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
- Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
- 隆背蛛属 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
- Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
- Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
- Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel

### 化石种

下列各属只有化石种，没有现生种：

- †Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近纪, Bitterfield and )
- †Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白垩纪, )
- †Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
- †Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, )
- †Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)

### 过往属于本科的属

- Simon, 1894 – now in 圆蛛科
- Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of
- Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
- Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see

## 参考文献

- Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). 70:180–183. PDF

## 外部链接

- Tetragnathidae
- Tree of Life Tetragnathidae
- Tatragnatha sp. Large format diagnostic photographs and information
- Reference Photos: Tetragnatha laboriosa
- Venusta Orchard Spider - Family Tetragnathidae
- Pictures of Tetragnatha sp. (free for noncommercial use)

## 基本资料

- 域：1.15
- 说明：长脚突腹蛛
- 说明：一只雌性的山地肖峭
- 学名：Tetragnathidae
- 命名者：安东·门格, 1866
- range_map_upright：1.15
- diversity：48个属、1162个个物种
- subdivision_ranks：属
- 栽培群成员：见内文