火蚁属

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火蚁属（Solenopsis）又称为火家蚁属，隶属于蚁科家蚁亚科，大约有380个物种，其中最知名的为入侵红火蚁（Solenopsis invicta），其腹部末端带有螫针，动物被螫伤后毒素会进入体内，严重的情况下会因全身性过敏而休克，甚至导致死亡。“火蚁”（Fire Ants）俗名是在描述被其螫刺后如火灼伤般疼痛感，有些情况会出现如灼伤般的水泡，值得注意的是，Solenopsis是一个组成复杂的属，其生态行为也多样，因此，“火蚁”（Fire Ants）的俗名适用于那些较具侵略性的物种。

火蚁属是一个组成复杂、庞大且难以分类的属，大部分的物种体型微小、具单形性(monomorphic)、且生活在土壤之下，这些体型微小的物种有些被称作为“贼蚁”(thief ants)，贼蚁生活在其他体型较大的白蚁或蚂蚁的巢中。有些新世界的物种体型较大且为多形性(polymorphic)，他们的群落大小可以达到相当大的规模，且工蚁为极具侵略性的表层掠食者，这些物种也就是俗称的“火蚁”(fire ants)。

## 种系发生

本属包括以下物种：

Solenopsis abdita｜Thompson, 1989

Solenopsis africana｜Santschi, 1914

Solenopsis albidula｜Emery, 1906

Solenopsis alecto｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis alena｜Özdikmen, 2010

Solenopsis altinodis｜Forel, 1912

Solenopsis amblychila｜Wheeler, 1915

Solenopsis andina｜Santschi, 1923

Solenopsis angulata｜Emery, 1894

Solenopsis atavinus｜Perfilieva et al., 2017

Solenopsis atlantis｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis aurea｜Wheeler, 1906

Solenopsis avia｜(Bernard, 1978)

Solenopsis azteca｜Forel, 1893

Solenopsis bacchettae｜Brullo, C.Brullo, Tavilla, Siracusa & Cambria, 2022

Solenopsis bakri｜Sharaf

Solenopsis balachowskyi｜Bernard, 1959

Solenopsis banyulensis｜Bernard, 1950

Solenopsis basalis｜Forel, 1896

Solenopsis belisarius｜Forel, 1907

Solenopsis blanda｜(Foerster, 1891)

Solenopsis brasiliana｜Santschi, 1925

Solenopsis brazoensis｜(Buckley, 1867)

Solenopsis brevicornis｜Emery, 1888

Solenopsis brevipes｜Emery, 1906

Solenopsis bruchi

Solenopsis bruchiella｜Emery, 1922

Solenopsis bruesi｜Creighton, 1930

Solenopsis bucki｜Kempf, 1973

Solenopsis canariensis｜Forel, 1893

Solenopsis capensis｜Mayr, 1866

Solenopsis carolinensis｜Forel, 1901

Solenopsis castor｜Forel, 1893

Solenopsis celata｜(Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985)

Solenopsis clarki｜Crawley, 1922

Solenopsis cleptomana

Solenopsis clytemnestra｜Emery, 1896

Solenopsis conjurata｜Wheeler, 1925

Solenopsis cooperi｜Donisthorpe, 1947

Solenopsis corticalis｜Forel, 1881

Solenopsis crivellarii｜Menozzi, 1936

Solenopsis daguerrei｜(Santschi, 1930)

Solenopsis dalli｜(Kusnezov, 1969)

Solenopsis debilior｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis decipiens｜Emery, 1906

Solenopsis delta｜(Bernard, 1978)

Solenopsis deserticola｜Ruzsky, 1905

Solenopsis duboscqui｜Bernard, 1950

Solenopsis dysderces｜Snelling, 1975

Solenopsis egregia｜(Kusnezov, 1953)

Solenopsis electra｜Forel, 1914

Solenopsis elhawagryi｜Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012

Solenopsis emeryi｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis exigua

Solenopsis eximia｜(Kusnezov, 1953)

Solenopsis fairchildi｜Wheeler, 1926

Solenopsis foersteri｜Theobald, 1937

Solenopsis franki｜Forel, 1908

Solenopsis froggatti｜Forel, 1913

Solenopsis fugax｜(Latreille, 1798)

Solenopsis fusciventris｜Clark, 1934

Solenopsis gallardoi｜Santschi, 1925

Solenopsis gallica｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis gayi｜(Spinola, 1851)

Solenopsis geminata｜(Fabricius, 1804)

Solenopsis georgica｜Menozzi, 1942

Solenopsis germaini｜Emery, 1895

Solenopsis globularia｜(Smith, 1858)

Solenopsis gnomula｜Emery, 1915

Solenopsis goeldii｜Forel, 1912

Solenopsis granivora｜Kusnezov, 1957

Solenopsis hammari｜Mayr, 1903

Solenopsis hayemi｜Forel, 1908

Solenopsis helena｜Emery, 1895

Solenopsis hostilis｜(Borgmeier, 1959)

Solenopsis iheringi｜Forel, 1908

Solenopsis ilinei｜Santschi, 1936

Solenopsis indagatrix｜Wheeler, 1928

Solenopsis indet

Solenopsis insculpta｜Clark, 1938

Solenopsis insinuans｜Santschi, 1933

Solenopsis insularis｜(Bernard, 1978)

Solenopsis interrupta｜Santschi, 1916

入侵红火蚁｜Solenopsis invicta｜Buren, 1972

Solenopsis jacoti｜Wheeler, 1923

Solenopsis jalalabadica｜Pisarski, 1970

Solenopsis japonica｜Wheeler, 1928

Solenopsis joergenseni｜Santschi, 1919

Solenopsis juliae｜(Arakelian, 1991)

Solenopsis kabylica｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis knuti｜Pisarski, 1967

Solenopsis kochi｜Finzi Stat.

Solenopsis krockowi｜Wheeler, 1908

Solenopsis laboriosa

Solenopsis laeviceps｜Mayr, 1870

Solenopsis laevithorax｜Bernard, 1950

Solenopsis latastei｜Emery, 1895

Solenopsis latro｜Forel, 1894

Solenopsis leptanilloides｜Santschi, 1925

Solenopsis longiceps｜Forel, 1907

Solenopsis loretana｜Santschi, 1936

Solenopsis lotophaga｜Santschi, 1911

Solenopsis lou｜Forel, 1902

Solenopsis lusitanica｜Emery, 1915

Solenopsis macdonaghi｜Santschi, 1916

Solenopsis macrops｜Santschi, 1917

Solenopsis madara｜Roger, 1863

Solenopsis major｜Theobald, 1937

Solenopsis maligna｜Santschi, 1910

Solenopsis mameti｜Donisthorpe, 1946

Solenopsis marxi｜Forel, 1915

Solenopsis maxillosa｜Emery, 1900

Solenopsis maxima｜(Foerster, 1891)

Solenopsis medioclara｜Santschi

Solenopsis megera｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis megergates｜Trager, 1991

Solenopsis metanotalis｜Emery, 1896

Solenopsis metatarsalis｜(Kusnezov, 1957)

Solenopsis minutissima｜Emery, 1906

Solenopsis moesta｜(Foerster, 1891)

Solenopsis molesta｜(Say, 1836)

Solenopsis monticola｜Bernard, 1950

Solenopsis mozabensis｜(Bernard, 1977)

Solenopsis nicaeensis｜Bernard, 1950

Solenopsis nickersoni｜Thompson, 1982

Solenopsis nigella｜Emery, 1888

Solenopsis nitens｜Bingham, 1903

Solenopsis nitidum｜(Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994)

Solenopsis normandi｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis novemmaculata｜Wheeler, 1925

Solenopsis occipitalis｜Santschi, 1911

Solenopsis oculata｜Santschi, 1925

Solenopsis omana｜Collingwood & Agosti, 1996

Solenopsis oraniensis｜Forel, 1894

Solenopsis orbula｜Emery, 1875

Solenopsis orbuloides｜Andre, 1890

Solenopsis overbecki｜Viehmeyer, 1916

Solenopsis pachycera｜(Forel, 1915)

Solenopsis papuana｜Emery, 1900

Solenopsis parabiotica｜Weber, 1943

Solenopsis parva｜Mayr, 1868

Solenopsis patagonica｜Emery, 1906

Solenopsis pawaensis｜Mann, 1919

Solenopsis pergandei｜Forel, 1901

Solenopsis photophila｜Santschi, 1923

Solenopsis picea｜Emery, 1896

Solenopsis picquarti｜Forel, 1899

Solenopsis picta｜Emery, 1895

Solenopsis pilosa｜(Bernard, 1978)

Solenopsis pilosula｜Wheeler, 1908

Solenopsis pollux｜Forel, 1893

Solenopsis privata｜(Foerster, 1891)

Solenopsis provincialis｜Bernard, 1950

Solenopsis punctaticeps｜Mayr, 1865

Solenopsis puncticeps｜MacKay & Vinson, 1989

Solenopsis pusillignis｜Trager, 1991

Solenopsis pygmaea｜Forel, 1901

Solenopsis pylades｜Forel

Solenopsis pythia｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis quinquecuspis｜Forel, 1913

Solenopsis reichenspergeri｜Santschi, 1923

Solenopsis richardi｜Bernard, 1950

入侵黑火蚁｜Solenopsis richteri｜Forel, 1909

Solenopsis robusta｜Bernard, 1950

Solenopsis rugiceps｜Mayr, 1870

Solenopsis rugosa｜Bernard, 1950

Solenopsis sabeana｜(Buckley, 1867)

Solenopsis saevissima｜(Smith, 1855)

Solenopsis salina｜Wheeler, 1908

Solenopsis santschii｜Forel, 1905

Solenopsis saudiensis｜Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011

Solenopsis scelesta｜Forel

Solenopsis schilleri｜Santschi, 1923

Solenopsis schmalzi｜Forel, 1901

Solenopsis scipio｜Santschi, 1911

Solenopsis sea｜(Kusnezov, 1953)

Solenopsis seychellensis｜Forel, 1909

Solenopsis shiptoni｜Santschi

Solenopsis silvestrii｜Emery, 1906

Solenopsis similis

Solenopsis solenopsidis｜(Kusnezov, 1953)

Solenopsis soochowensis｜Wheeler, 1921

Solenopsis spei｜Forel, 1912

Solenopsis steigeri｜Santschi

Solenopsis stricta｜Emery, 1896

Solenopsis substituta｜Santschi, 1925

Solenopsis subterranea｜MacKay & Vinson, 1989

Solenopsis subtilis｜Emery, 1896

Solenopsis succinea｜Emery, 1890

Solenopsis sulfurea｜(Roger, 1862)

Solenopsis superba｜(Foerster, 1891)

Solenopsis targuia｜Bernard, 1953

Solenopsis tennesseensis｜Smith, 1951

Solenopsis tenuis｜Mayr, 1878

Solenopsis terricola｜Menozzi, 1931

Solenopsis tertialis｜Ettershank, 1966

Solenopsis tetracantha｜Emery, 1906

Solenopsis texana｜Emery, 1895

Solenopsis tipuna｜Forel, 1912

Solenopsis tonsa｜Thompson, 1989

Solenopsis transversalis

Solenopsis tridens｜Forel, 1911

Solenopsis trihasta｜Santschi, 1923

Solenopsis truncorum｜Forel, 1901

Solenopsis ugandensis｜Santschi, 1933

Solenopsis valida｜(Foerster, 1891)

Solenopsis vinsoni｜Pacheco & Mackay, 2013

Solenopsis virulens｜(Smith, 1858)

Solenopsis vorax｜Santschi, 1934

Solenopsis wasmannii｜Emery, 1894

Solenopsis weiseri｜Forel, 1914

Solenopsis westwoodi｜Forel, 1894

Solenopsis weyrauchi｜Trager, 1991

Solenopsis wolfi｜Emery, 1915

Solenopsis xyloni｜McCook, 1879

Solenopsis zambesiae｜Arnold, 1926

Solenopsis zeteki｜Wheeler, 1942

## 基本资料

- status_system：iucn3.1
- 学名：Solenopsis
- 命名者：Westwood, 1840
- 模式种：热带火蚁 (Solenopsis geminata)
- type_species_authority：(Fabricius, 1804)
- diversity_link：Species
- diversity：380 种