乍得语族

乍得语族(Chadic languages)是亚非语系（闪含语系）之下的语族之一，语言人口主要分布于中、西非的尼日利亚北部、尼日尔、乍得、中非共和国及喀麦隆。乍得语族大致上可以分为比乌-曼达拉语支、东乍得语支、西乍得语支和马萨Masa语支四个语支。

豪萨语是乍得语族中语言人口分布最广泛的语言，属于西乍得语支，亦是西非的非官方通用语。

## 分支

- 比乌-曼达拉语支 (Biu-Mandara)
- Biu-Mandara A
- Biu-Mandara A.1
- Biu-Mandara Eastern A.1
- Boga
- Ga'anda
- Hwana
- Biu-Mandara Western A.1
- Jara
- 特拉语 Tera
- Biu-Mandara A.2
- Nggwahyi
- Biu-Mandara A.2 1
- Bura-Pabir
- Cibak
- Kofa
- Putai
- Biu-Mandara A.2 2
- Huba
- 南马尔吉语 Marghi South
- 中马尔吉语 Marghi Central
- Biu-Mandara A.3
- Bana
- Hya
- Kamwe
- Psikye
- Biu-Mandara A.4
- Lamang
- Hdi
- Lamang
- Vemgo-Mabas
- 纯正曼达拉 Mandara Proper
- Glavda
- Cineni
- Dghwede
- Glavda
- Guduf-Gava
- Gvoko
- 曼达拉语 Mandara
- Wandala
- Podoko
- Parkwa
- Biu-Mandara A.5
- Baldemu
- Cuvok
- Dugwor
- 北吉西加语 Giziga, North
- 南吉西加语 Giziga, South
- Mada
- Mafa
- Matal
- Mbuko
- Mefele
- Merey
- Mofu, North
- Mofu-Gudur
- Moloko
- Muyang
- Vame
- Wuzlam
- Zulgo-Gemzek
- Biu-Mandara A.6
- Sukur
- Biu-Mandara A.7
- Buwal
- 达巴语 Daba
- Gavar
- Mazagway
- Mbedam
- Mina
- Biu-Mandara A.8
- Bacama
- 巴塔语 Bata
- Fali
- Gude
- Gudu
- Holma
- Jimi
- Ngwaba
- Nzanyi
- Sharwa
- Tsuvan
- Zizilivakan
- Biu-Mandara B
- Biu-Mandara B.1
- Jilbe
- 布杜马语 Buduma
- 布杜马语 Buduma
- Jina
- Jina
- Majera
- 纯正科托科语 Kotoko Proper
- Afade
- Lagwan
- Malgbe
- Maslam
- Mpade
- Mser
- Biu-Mandara B.2
- Mbara
- Musgu
- Muskum
- Biu-Mandara C
- Gidar
- 东乍得语支 (East Chadic)
- East Chadic A
- East Chadic A.1
- Buso
- East Chadic A.1 1
- Mire
- Ndam
- Somrai
- Tumak
- East Chadic A.1 2
- Boor
- Gadang
- Miltu
- Sarua
- East Chadic A.2
- East Chadic A.2 1
- Kimré
- Lele
- 南歇雷语 Nancere
- East Chadic A.2 2
- Gabri
- Kabalai
- Tobanga
- East Chadic A.3
- Kera
- Kwang
- East Chadic B
- East Chadic B.1
- East Chadic B.1 1
- Bidiyo
- 丹加利特语 Dangaléat
- Jonkor Bourmataguil
- Mabire
- Mawa
- Migaama
- Mogum
- Ubi
- East Chadic B.1 2
- Birgit
- Kajakse
- Masmaje
- 穆比语 Mubi
- Toram
- Zirenkel
- East Chadic B.2
- Mukulu
- East Chadic B.3
- Barein
- Saba
- 索科罗语 Sokoro
- Tamki
- 马萨语支 Masa
- Herdé
- Marba
- Masana
- Mesme
- Musey
- Ngete
- Pévé
- Zumaya
- 西乍得语支 (West Chadic)
- Luri
- West Chadic A
- Daza
- West Chadic A.1
- 关达拉语 Gwandara
- 豪萨语（Hausa）
- West Chadic A.2
- Bole
- Bure
- Bole Proper
- Beele
- Bole
- Deno
- Galambu
- Gera
- Geruma
- Giiwo
- Kholok
- Kubi
- Maaka
- 恩加莫语 Ngamo
- Nyam
- 卡雷卡雷语 Karekare
- 卡雷卡雷语 Karekare
- 坦加勒 Tangale
- Dera
- Dera
- 纯正坦加勒 Tangale Proper
- Kushi
- Kutto
- Kwaami
- Pero
- Piya-Kwonci
- 坦加勒语 Tangale
- West Chadic A.3
- 纯正安加斯 Angas Proper
- Angas Proper 1
- Cakfem-Mushere
- Jorto
- Kofyar
- Miship
- Mwaghavul
- Ngas
- Angas Proper 2
- Goemai
- Koenoem
- Montol
- Pyapun
- Tal
- Yiwom
- Yiwom
- West Chadic A.4
- Fyer
- Fyer
- Tambas
- 纯正罗恩 Ron Proper
- Duhwa
- Kulere
- Mundat
- 罗恩语 Ron
- Sha
- West Chadic B
- West Chadic B.1
- Auyokawa
- 纯正巴德 Bade Proper
- 巴德语 Bade
- 恩吉津语 Ngizim
- Teshenawa
- Duwai
- Duwai
- West Chadic B.2
- Ajawa
- Ciwogai
- Diri
- Kariya
- Mburku
- Miya
- Pa'a
- Siri
- Warji
- Zumbun
- West Chadic B.3
- Dass
- Boghom
- Boghom
- Kir-Balar
- Mangas
- Guruntum
- Guruntum-Mbaaru
- Ju
- Tala
- Zangwal
- West Chadic B.3 Eastern
- Jimi
- Zaar Proper
- Geji
- Polci
- Saya
- Zari
- Zeem

## 参考文献

- Ethnologue entry for Chadic languages
- Lukas, Johannes (1936) 'The linguistic situation in the Lake Chad area in Central Africa.' Africa, 9, 332–349.
- Newman, Paul (1977) 'Chadic classification and reconstructions.' Afroasiatic Linguistics 5, 1, 1–42.
- Newman, Paul (1978) 'Chado-Hamitic 'adieu': new thoughts on Chadic language classification', in Fronzaroli, Pelio (ed.), Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Linguistica Camito-Semitica. Florence: Instituto de Linguistica e di Lingue Orientali, Università di Firenze, 389–397.
- Newman, Paul (1980) The Classification of Chadic within Afroasiatic. Leiden: Universitaire Pers Leiden.
- Newman, Paul and Ma, Roxana (1966) 'Comparative Chadic: phonology and lexicon.' Journal of African Languages, 5, 218–251.
- Schuh, Russell (2003) 'Chadic overview', in M. Lionel Bender, Gabor Takacs, and David L. Appleyard (eds.), Selected Comparative-Historical Afrasian Linguistic Studies in Memory of Igor M. Diakonoff, LINCOM Europa, 55–60.

## 外部链接

- Chadic Newsletter Online

## 基本资料

- 地区：尼日利亚、尼日尔、乍得、中非共和国及喀麦隆
- 谱系学分类：Afro-Asiatic
- 谱系学分类：亚非语系
- 分支：比乌-曼达拉语支
- 分支：东乍得语支
- 分支：马萨Masa语支
- 分支：西乍得语支
- 位置：查德语族在非洲的分布
- 语言学家列表：AFB
- iso5：cdc