实地调研

实地调研（field research），又称实地研究（field study），为对于描述原始资料搜集的概括术语，其所应用的领域包括民俗学、考古学、生物学、生态学、环境科学、地理学、地质学、地形学、地球物理学、古生物学、人类学、语言学、哲学、建筑学以及社会学等自然或社会科学领域。与其他在实验室准控制状态下环境的研究相比，实地调查主要于野外实地进行。

根据研究对象的生亡与否，以及它们的存在地点位于居住栖息地或埋于土下，实地调查的实质内容也会有所差别。化石与考古遗址的发掘均包含实地工作，其他如访问或观察人们以学习他们的语言、民俗、和他们的社会结构等过程也都包含在内。某些状况，尤其是研究的主题为人类本身的时候，工作的拟定必须再经过设计，以避免观察者效应或是过度理论化、过于理想化该实质文化活动的风险。

## 野外调查的项目

- 采访记录
- 拍摄记录
- 翻制记录
- 整理消化

## 参考文献

- Abu‐Lughod, Lila (1988). "Fieldwork of a dutiful daughter." In S. Altorki & C. Fawzi El-Solh (Eds.), Arab Women in the Field: Studying Your Own Society. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
- Akbar S. Ahmed (1984), "Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist", RAIN 60: 9-10
- Akerlof, G. A and Shiller, R. J. (2009) Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why it Matters for Global Capitalism. Princeton University Press.
- Aktouf, O. (2006) Le Management entre tradition et renouvellement. Montréal : Gaétan Morin
- Andrews, P.W.S (1949). Manufacturing Business. London: Macmillan.
- Bewley, T. (1999) Why Wages Don’t Fall during a Recession? Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
- Blinder, A. (1998) Asking About Prices: A New Approach to Understanding Price Stickiness. Russell Sage Foundation
- Bourdieu, P. (1979) Algeria 1960: The Disenchantment of the World: The Sense of Honour: The Kabyle House or the World Reversed: Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Bourdieu, P. (1979) The Inheritors: French Students and Their Relations to Culture, University of Chicago Press.
- Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Bourdieu, P (1984) Distinction: a Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Harvard University Press.
- Bourdieu, P. (1990). Homo Academicus, Polity,
- Bourdieu, P. and Passeron, J. C (1990) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture (Theory, Culture and Society Series), Sage.
- Bourdieu, P. (1991) Language and Symbolic Power, Harvard University Press 1991.
- Bourdieu, P. (1991) The Political Ontology of Martin Heidegger, Polity.
- Bourdieu, P. (1991) The Love of Art: European Art Museums and Their Public, Stanford University Press.
- Bourdieu, P. (1991) Language & Symbolic Power, Harvard University Press,
- Bourdieu, P. and Wacquant, L. (1992) An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology University of Chicago Press.
- Bourdieu, P. and Monique De Saint Martin, M., Jean-Claude Passeron, J.C. (1996) Academic Discourse: Linguistic Misunderstanding and Professorial Power, Polity.
- Bourdieu, P (1998) Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action, Stanford University Press.
- Bourdieu, P (1998) State nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power, Polity.
- Bourdieu, P (1999) Weight of the World: Social Suffering in Contemporary Society, Polity.
- Bourdieu, P (1999) Acts of Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market, New Press.
- Bourdieu, P (2000) Pascalian Meditations, Polity.
- Bourdieu, P. (2005)The Social Structures of the Economy. Polity.
- Cohen, Nissim & Arieli, Tamar (2011) " Field research in conflict environments: Methodological challenges and the snowball sampling " Journal of Peace Research 48 (4): 423-436.
- Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1940) The Nuer, a description of the modes livelihood and political institutions of a Nilotic people. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Douglas, J.D. (1976). Investigative Social Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
- Glaser, Barney G., and Anselm L. Strauss (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.
- Groh, Arnold A. (2018) Research Methods in Indigenous Contexts. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-72774-5
- Haavelmo, T. (1958)"The Role of the Econometrician in the Advancement of Economic Theory." Econometrica 26,351-35.
- Helper, S. (2000) Economics and Field Research: You can Observe a Lot Just by Watching.’’ American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 90, 228-32.
- Ho, K. (2009) on "Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
- Jarvie, I. C. (1967) On Theories of Fieldwork and the Scientific Character of Social Anthropology, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Sep., 1967), pp. 223-242.
- Kaminski, M. M ( 2004). Games Prisoners Play. Princeton University Press. I
- Klein, L. R. (1982) "Economic Theoretic Restrictions in Econometrics." In Evaluation the Reliability of Macroeconomic Models. Edited by G.C. Chow and P. Corsi. New York: Willey.
- Malinowski, Bronisław (1929) The sexual life of savages in north-western Melanesia: an ethnographic account of courtship, marriage and family life among the natives of the Trobriand Islands, British New Guinea. New York: Halcyon House.
- Mead, M. (1928) Coming of age in Samoa: a psychological study of primitive youth for Western civilisation. New York: William Morrow & Co.
- Mintzberg, H. (1973) The Nature of Managerial Work.Harpercollins College Div
- Mintzberg, H. (2004) Managers Not MBAs: A Hard Look at the Soft Practice of Managing and Management Development. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
- Mintzberg, H. (2011)Managing. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
- Nell, E. J. (1988) Prosperity and Public Spending: Transformational Growth and the Role of the State, London, UK: Unwin and Hyman.
- Nell, E. J. (1992) Transformational Growth and Effective Demand, London, UK: Macmillan.
- Nell, E. J. (1996) Making Sense of a Changing Economy. London and New York: Routledge.
- Nell, E. J. (1998) The General Theory of Transformational Growth. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Nell, E. J. (1998) Transformational Growth and the Business Cycle, London, UK: Routledge.
- Nell, E.J and Errouaki, K. (2008) Conceptual Analysis, Fieldwork and Model Specification: Laying Down the Blueprints for a Klein-Nell Model,’’ MS. The New School, NY.
- Nell, E. J. and Errouaki, K. (2012) Rational Econometric Man: Transforming Structural Econometrics, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, USA: E. Elgar.
- Nell, E. J. and Errouaki, K. (2012) Hard Drugs and Easy Money. Forthcoming
- Renato, R. (1986) "From the door of his tent: the fieldworker and the inquisitor," in Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography. Edited by J. Clifford and G. E. Marcus. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Rice, T et al. (2004), ‘Future fields: introduction ‘. Anthropology Matters Journal, Vol 6 (2).
- Swann, P.G.M (2008) Putting Econometrics in its Place, Cheltenham, UK, E. Elgar.
- Townsend, Sakunthasathien, and Jordan, (2013) Chronicles from the Field: The Townsend Thai Project, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
- Udry, Ch. (2003), ‘Fieldwork, Economic Theory and Research on Institutions in Developing Countries’, UM, Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
- Whyte, W. F. (1955) Street Corner Society. Chicago: Chicago University Press.