田螺科

田螺泛指田螺科（学名：Viviparidae）的淡水腹足纲软体动物。平均只有拇指头大小，有角质口盖（螺厣），壳口相对比较大。螺蛳是田螺科动物的通称。很多淡水鱼类喜欢吃田螺。田螺体内很容易生长寄生虫。

根据在2005年的《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，田螺科属主扭舌目的成员。

## 分布

This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from 南美洲.

There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and .

## 分类

旧属前鳃亚纲的中腹足目，田螺科目前是主扭舌类的成员，约有17属百余种。根据2005年的《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，田螺科物种大致可分为三个亚科：

- 田螺亚科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
- 环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
- 平圆螺亚科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

### 属

田螺科包括下列各属：

### 田螺亚科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833)

- Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
- † Atanacković, 1959
- 河螺属 Rivularia Heude, 1890
- Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1985
- Haldeman, 1840
- 田螺属 Viviparus , 1810：模式属，目前只余下六个现生种。异名有：Vivipara（词性错误，不采用）、Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880、Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Paludina Férussac, 1812

### 环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937

- Moskvicheva, 1979
- 角螺属 Angulyagra Rao, 1931
- 环螺蛳属 Anularya L.-J. Zhang & S.-C. Chen, 2015：只见于中国云南，其物种旧属螺蛳属
- Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
- 环棱螺属 Bellamya Jousseaume, 1886：亚科的模式属。
- Thach, 2018
- Genus Chlorostracia Mabille, 1889
- 圆田螺属 Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
- P. Fischer, 1885
- Habe, 1964
- Heterogen Annandale, 1921：就只有一个物种，就是 (E. A. Smith, 1886)。
- Idiopoma , 1901
- A. Adams, 1851
- 螺蛳属 Margarya G. Nevill, 1877：只见于中国云南，和圆田螺属关系较近。
- 湄公螺属 Mekongia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876
- Neclarina Iredale, 1943
- Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
- Cotton, 1935
- 石田螺属 Sinotaia F. Haas, 1939：和石田螺属关系较近。
- Taia Annandale, 1918
- 玺螺蛳属 玺螺蛳属 He, 2013：只见于中国云南，有两个物种，均旧属螺蛳属。
- † Temnotaia Annandale, 1919
- Torotaia F. Haas, 1939
- 拟小螺属 Trochotaia Brandt, 1974
- Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
- Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
- Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
- Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
- Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
- Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 Lepidoptera; Neclarina is a replacement name)
- Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
- Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912

### 平圆螺亚科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863

异名有Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

- Rafinesque, 1819
- 平圆螺属 Lioplax Troschel, 1856：异名有Haldemania Tryon, 1862（次异名）

## Life cycle

Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.

## 延伸阅读

- Hirano T., Saito T. & Chiba S. (2015). "Phylogeny of freshwater viviparid snails in Japan". 81(4): 435–441. 10.1093/mollus/eyv019.
- Qian Z.-X., Fang Y.-F. & He J. (2014). "A conchological review of Bellamyinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) of China". Shell Discoveries 1(3): 3-12.

## 外部链接

- Ju-Guang Wang, Dong Zhang, Ivan Jakovlić, Wei-Min Wang, Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genomes of eight freshwater snail species exposes pervasive paraphyly within the Viviparidae family (Caenogastropoda); PLOS|One, July 25, 2017
- Viviparidae

## 基本资料

- 说明：An alive but retracted individual of , showing the 螺厣
- 学名：Viviparidae
- 命名者：J. E. Gray, 1847
- diversity_link：Diversity of gastropods
- diversity：125–150 freshwater species
- 母公司：3