蛆管螺屬

蛆管螺屬（Caecum）是微小海螺的一屬、海洋腹足綱的微型軟體動物，屬於蛆管螺科，也是蛆管螺科的模式屬。

## 分布

這個屬在全世界的溫暖海洋（溫帶海洋性氣候地域）出現。大部分物種生活在海綿、珊瑚礁的沙地或海灣，在海灣及潟湖淺水區的海藻床帶，例如常見的美麗Caecum pulchellum。不過牠們微小的體型亦使之容易被忽略。部分物種被認為是不常見的，這種評估可能是缺乏適當抽樣的結果。

## 形態描述

如同其他蛆管螺科物種，蛆管螺屬的體型微小，殼長介乎2 mm到6 mm；螺殼顏色白到淺黃，而且大多數也薄得可以透光。雖然，其胚螺仍然是螺旋狀生長的，但其次生螺層（teleoconch）只彎成一條彎曲的角狀管；而其胚螺亦與其他蛆管螺亞科物種一樣，在成長時脫落，使整個螺殼變成了一個簡單的筒狀。

螺管在脫落了胚螺的一端會有一個鈣質的分泌物永久把螺殼封閉；而殼另一端的殼口有圓形、帶螺旋的角質螺厴掩蓋。螺殼上的裝飾若不是平滑，就是有大量密集的環形脊線組成。

## 食性

本屬物種以沙粒或鵝卵石上的單細胞生物為食。

## 物種

根據ITIS及WoRMS紀錄，本屬包括下列各物種：

- † Caecum aartseni Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016
- Caecum achirona (de Folin, 1867)
- Caecum adamsi Raines, 2020
- 截尾蛆管螺 Caecum amputatum Hedley, 1894
- Caecum amydroglyptum Rehder, 1980
- Caecum angustum de Folin, 1879
- Caecum annulatum Emmons, 1858
- Caecum antillarum , 1858 - Antillean caecum
- Caecum arabicum Issel, 1869
- de Folin, 1869 - De Folin's lagoon snail. This species is fully protected in the United Kingdom under the since 1992.
- R. B. Watson, 1897
- Caecum attenuatum de Folin, 1879
- de Folin, 1868
- Caecum austrafricanum Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015
- Caecum australe Pizzini & Raines, 2011
- Caecum bathus Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- † Caecum benhami Goedert & Raines, 2016
- † Caecum bensoni Goedert & Raines, 2016
- Caecum beaufortensis Ward and Blackwelder 1987
- Caecum bimamillatum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum bimarginatum Carpenter, 1859
- Caecum biomaglo Vannozzi, 2023
- de Folin, 1870
- Caecum borneoense de Folin, 1867
- Caecum bounty Pizzini & Raines, 2011
- de Folin, 1874
- Raines & Pizzini, 2009
- de Folin, 1867
- Caecum bucerium Golikov, 1967
- Caecum californicum , 1885 - California caecum
- Caecum calvertense Martin, 1904
- Raines & Pizzini, 2005
- Caecum campe Pilsbry and Olsson, 1941
- , 1892 - Carolina caecum
- † Caecum carpenteri Deshayes, 1861
- Caecum caverna Moolenbeek, Faber & Iliffe, 1989
- Caecum chilense Stuardo, 1962
- Caecum chinense de Folin, 1879
- Caecum chipolanum Gardner, 1947
- Olsson & Harbison, 1953
- de Folin, 1867
- P. P. Carpenter, 1858
- Lamy, 1910 ex de Folin MS
- Caecum clathratum P. P. Carpenter, 1857
- de Folin, 1867 - club caecum
- Caecum cocoense Sibaja-Cordero, García-Méndez & Troncoso, 2013
- Caecum codoceoae Gálvez & Huidobro, 2017
- Moore, 1969 - bone caecum
- Van der Linden & Moolenbeek, 2000
- Caecum cooki Pizzini & Raines, 2011
- , 1860 - Cooper's Atlantic caecum
- Caecum corrugatulum Carpenter, 1857
- de Folin, 1870
- Caecum crebricinctum , 1864 - many-named caecum
- Caecum crispum & , 1900
- Caecum crystallinum de Folin, 1880
- Caecum cubitatum (de Folin, 1868) - smooth caecum
- Chaster, 1896
- de Folin, 1867 - fatlip caecum
- Caecum dakuwaqa Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- Caecum dalli Bartsch, 1920
- Caecum danielei Pizzini & Raines, 2011
- Caecum debile & , 1900
- Caecum delicatulum & , 1900
- Caecum derjugini Golikov, 1967
- Caecum dextroversum P. P. Carpenter, 1858
- Hedley, 1904
- Caecum diminutum C. B. Adams, 1852
- Caecum directum Vannozzi, 2019
- Caecum donmoorei Mitchell-Tapping, 1979
- Caecum draperi Raines, 2020
- Caecum dux de Folin, 1871
- Caecum eburneum C. B. Adams, 1852
- Caecum egenum Vannozzi, 2017
- Carpenter, 1859
- Caecum eliezeri Absalao, 1997
- Caecum elongatum P. P. Carpenter, 1857
- Nofroni, Pizzini, Oliverio, 1997
- Nofroni, Pizzini, Oliverio, 1997
- Caecum exile de Folin, 1875
- Caecum farcimen P. P. Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum fijiense Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- Caecum firmatum C. B. Adams, 1852
- , 1851 - Florida caecum
- Caecum folini Kisch, 1959
- Caecum frugi Vannozzi, 2019
- Caecum galapagoense Raines, 2020
- Caecum geigeri Pizzini & Raines, 2011
- 蛆管螺 Caecum glabellum A. Adams, 1868
- Caecum glabriforme Carpenter, 1857
- (Montagu, 1803)
- Pizzini & Nofroni, 2001
- Caecum granulatum Vannozzi, 2019
- Caecum greensboroense Martin, 1904
- Caecum gulosum Hedley, 1899
- Caecum gurgulio , 1858 - windpipe caecum
- Caecum hemphilli Bartsch, 1920
- Caecum heptagonum (Bartsch, 1920)
- Raines & Pizzini, 2005
- Caecum hyalinum Vannozzi, 2022
- , 1858 - imbricate caecum
- Caecum incisum Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015
- Caecum imperforatum Kanamacher, 1798 (nomen dubium)
- de Folin, 1869
- Caecum infimum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum inflatulum Vannozzi, 2017
- Caecum inflatum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum inhacaense Albano & Pizzini 2011
- Caecum insculptum Carpenter, 1857
- Moore, 1969
- Caecum intortum Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015
- Caecum invisibile Egger & Jörger, 2020
- Caecum iricolor Vannozzi, 2023
- Caecum japonicum (Habe, 1978)
- Winkley, 1908
- Espinosa, Ortea & Fernandez-Garcés, 2007
- Caecum jonesae Swinnen & Simone, 2024
- Caecum jucundum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum knysnaense Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015
- Caecum kontiki Pizzini & Raines, 2011
- Caecum laeve C.B. Adams, 1852
- Caecum lapita Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- Caecum laqueatum C. B. Adams, 1852
- † Caecum larieyense Lozouet, Lesport & Renard, 2001
- Caecum leilae Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015
- Caecum lightfootanum Raines, 2020
- Caecum limnetes Long, 1972
- Caecum limpidum de Folin, 1874
- Caecum lindae Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015
- Caecum lineicinctum de Folin, 1880
- Caecum liratocinctum , 1857
- Caecum lohri Strong & Hertlein, 1939
- Caecum loyaltense Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- Caecum lozoueti Vannozzi & Renda, 2024
- Caecum lucidum de Folin, 1867
- Van der Linden & Moolenbeek, 2000
- Caecum maestratii Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- Caecum magellanicum di Geronimo, Privitera & Valdovinos, 1995
- Caecum malleatum de Folin, 1867
- † S. V. Wood, 1848
- Pizzini & Raines, 2006
- Caecum maraisi Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015
- de Folin, 1869
- Caecum marmoratum de Folin, 1869
- Caecum massambabense Absalao, 1994
- Caecum mauritianum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum metamorphosicum S. Lima, Santos & Absalão, 2013
- Caecum microannulatum Vannozzi & Renda, 2024
- Caecum microstriatum Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- Caecum miliarium Vannozzi & Renda, 2024
- † Caecum mineuri Lozouet, 1999
- Caecum mirificum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum modestum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum monstrosum C. B. Adams, 1852
- Caecum moorei (Marincovich, 1973)
- Caecum morgan Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015
- de Folin, 1867
- Caecum musorstomi Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- Caecum nasutum Vannozzi, 2019
- † Caecum nemoralis Lozouet, 2015
- Caecum neocaledonicum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum neoguineanum Vannozzi, 2019
- Caecum nofronii Vannozzi, 2019
- Caecum oahuense H. A. Pilsbry, 1921
- Caecum obtusum Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum occidentale (Bartsch, 1920) - western caecum
- Caecum orcutti (, 1885)
- Caecum paradoxum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum parvum C. B. Adams, 1852
- Raines & Pizzini, 2005
- † Caecum pertenuis Laws, 1941
- Caecum planum de Folin, 1874
- Caecum patuxentium Martin, 1904
- , 1858 - plicate caecum
- Carpenter, 1859
- Caecum praegrande Vannozzi, 2017
- Caecum profundicolum Bartsch, 1920 - deepwater caecum
- Caecum properegulare Mansfield, 1925
- Stimpson, 1851 - beautiful caecum
- Caecum pygmaeum C. B. Adams, 1852
- Caecum quadratum P. P. Carpenter, 1857
- Raines & Pizzini, 2005
- , 1858
- Raines & Pizzini, 2005
- Caecum restrictum Vannozzi & Renda, 2024
- Caecum reversum Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum richthofeni A. M. Strong & J. G. Hertlein, 1939
- Caecum rijgersmai Jong & Coomans, 1988
- † Caecum roederi Raines, C. L. Powell & LaFollette, 2023
- Caecum rolani Pizzini & Nofroni, 2001
- Caecum rosanum Bartsch, 1920
- Caecum rostratum de Folin, 1881
- Caecum ruggerii Pizzini, 1997
- Caecum rugulosum Phil, 1836
- de Folin, 1867 - minute caecum
- Carpenter, 1859
- Caecum semilaeve Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum senegambianum de Folin, 1870
- Caecum sepimentum de Folin, 1868
- Caecum shaskyi Raines, 2020
- Caecum simplicissimum Thiele, 1925
- Caecum sinuatum de Folin, 1867
- Pizzini, Raines & Nofroni, 2007
- Pizzini, Nofroni & Bonfitto, 2008
- Caecum someri (de Folin, 1867)
- Caecum spiculum Raines, 2020
- de Folin, 1875
- Caecum strictum de Folin, 1871
- de Folin, 1868
- de Folin, 1870
- Caecum subaustrale Stuardo, 1970
- Caecum subconicum Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum subcylindratum Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- Caecum subflavum de Folin, 1879
- Caecum subimpressum P. P. Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum subobsoletum Carpenter, 1857
- de Folin, 1874
- Caecum subspirale Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum subquadratum Carpenter, 1859
- Caecum subspirale Carpenter, 1857
- de Folin, 1874
- Caecum succineum de Folin, 1879
- Nofroni, Pizzini, Oliverio, 1997
- Caecum taeniatum de Folin, 1869
- Caecum tahitianum Pizzini & Raines, 2011
- Caecum temporale Vannozzi & Renda, 2024
- Verrill & Bush, 1900
- Caecum tenuicostatum de Folin, 1881
- Caecum tenuiliratum Carpenter, 1857
- † Caecum tenuistriatum O. Boettger, 1869
- Caecum teres Carpenter, 1857
- de Folin, 1867 - textile caecum
- Caecum tornatum & , 1900
- de Folin, 1867
- Caecum tortile , 1892 - twisted caecum
- G. Montagu, 1803
- Caecum trindadense S. Lima, Santos & Absalão, 2013
- Caecum troglodyta Moolenbeek, Faber & Iliffe, 1989
- † Caecum tumidum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum uncinatum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum undatum P. P. Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum vanuatuarum Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- Pizzini, Nofroni & Bonfitto, 2008
- Caecum variegatum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum venosum de Folin, 1867
- † Moreno, Peñas & Rolán, 2003
- Caecum vertebrale Ch. Hedley, 1899
- Caecum vicinum de Folin, 1870
- Caecum virginiae Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013
- P. P. Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum wakense Raines & Vannozzi, 2024
- Raines & Pizzini, 2009
- Pizzini & Nofroni, 2001
- Caecum zaagmani Jong and Coomans, 1988

亞屬異名：

- Caecum (Defolinia) Weisbord, 1962: synonym of Caecum Fleming, 1813
- Caecum (Meioceras) Carpenter, 1859: synonym of Carpenter, 1859

物種異名：

- Caecum abnormale Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Caecum subspirale Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum amaltheanum Hedley, 1899: synonym of Mauroceras legumen (Hedley, 1899)
- Caecum amamiense Habe, 1978: synonym of Mauroceras amamiense (Habe, 1978)
- Caecum arcuatum de Folin, 1867 : synonym of Caecum sepimentum de Folin, 1868
- Caecum bahiahondaense A. M. Strong & J. G. Hertlein, 1939 : synonym of Caecum clathratum Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum bakeri (, 1920): synonym of Caecum dextroversum Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum berthae Lange de Morretes, 1954: synonym of Caecum plicatum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum biminicola Pilsbry, 1951: synonym of Caecum plicatum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum buccina de Folin, 1870: synonym of Caecum circumvolutum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum bucheri Parenzan, 1979: synonym of Filogranula annulata (O. G. Costa, 1861)
- Caecum butoti Jong & Coomans, 1988 : synonym of Caecum marmoratum de Folin, 1869
- Caecum capitanum de Folin, 1874: synonym of Caecum pulchellum Stimpson, 1851
- Caecum carmenense de Folin, 1870: synonym of Caecum circumvolutum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum carpenteri (Bartsch, 1920): synonym of Caecum adamsi Raines, 2020
- Caecum cayoense Rehder, 1943: synonym of Caecum floridanum Stimpson, 1851
- Caecum clenchi Olsson & McGinty, 1958: synonym of Caecum cycloferum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum compactum P. P. Carpenter, 1857 : synonym of Caecum quadratum Carpenter, 1857
- Caecum conjunctum de Folin, 1867: synonym of Caecum pulchellum Stimpson, 1851
- Caecum contractum de Folin, 1870: synonym of Caecum bipartitum de Folin, 1870
- Caecum corneum R. W. Dunker, 1875 : synonym of de Folin, 1867
- Caecum cornucopiae (, 1858) - horn-of-plenty caecum : synonym of Carpenter, 1859
- Caecum coronatum de Folin, 1867: synonym of Caecum imbricatum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum coronellum Dall, 1892: synonym of Caecum cycloferum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum costatum , 1872: synonym of Caecum cooperi , 1860
- Caecum crassicostum Gabb, 1881: synonym of Caecum floridanum Stimpson, 1851
- Caecum curtatum de Folin, 1867: synonym of Caecum pulchellum Stimpson, 1851
- Caecum decussatum de Folin, 1869: synonym of Caecum plicatum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum dux de Folin, 1871: synonym of Caecum floridanum Stimpson, 1851
- Caecum eburneum de Folin, 1886: synonym of Caecum folini Kisch, 1959
- Caecum elagans Deregaslavtseva, 1891: synonym of Caecum trachea (Montagu, 1803)
- Caecum elegans Perejoslavitseva, 1831 : synonym of (Montagu, 1803)
- Caecum fasciatum de Folin, 1876: synonym of Caecum trachea (Montagu, 1803)
- Caecum formulosum de Folin, 1869: synonym of Caecum imbricatum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum fulvum Kisch, 1959: synonym of Caecum neocaledonicum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum heladum Olsson and Harbison, 1953 - fine-line caecum : synonym of de Folin, 1867
- Caecum heterapex T. Habe, 1963 : synonym of Lamy, 1910
- Caecum hinoidei T. Habe, 1978 : synonym of Caecum neocaledonicum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum insigne de Folin, 1867: synonym of Caecum imbricatum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum instructum de Folin, 1870: synonym of Caecum bipartitum de Folin, 1870
- Caecum irregulare de Folin, 1867: synonym of Stimpson, 1851
- Caecum legumen Hedley, 1904: synonym of Meioceras legumen (Hedley, 1904)
- Caecum leptoglyphos de Folin, 1881: synonym of Caecum textile de Folin, 1867
- Caecum lermondi Dall, 1924: synonym of (, 1851)
- Caecum lightfootae Pizzini, Nofroni, Oliverio, 1994 : synonym of Watson, 1897
- Caecum lilianum Ch. Hedley, 1903 : synonym of Caecum sepimentum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum maculatum T. Habe, 1963 : synonym of Caecum sepimentum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum malleatum var. sublaevis de Folin, 1868: synonym of Caecum modestum de Folin, 1868
- Caecum microcyclus de Folin, 1879 : synonym of Caecum attenuatum de Folin, 1880 (subsequent spelling)
- Caecum nitidum , 1851 - little horn caecum: synonym of (, 1851)
- Caecum obesum & , 1900 : synonym of Caecum plicatum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum orientale de Folin, 1868 : synonym of Caecum clarkii Carpenter, 1859
- Caecum phronimum de Folin, 1867 : synonym of Caecum floridanum , 1851
- Caecum puntagordanum Weisbord, 1962: synonym of , 1851
- Caecum putnamense Mansfield, 1924 : synonym of Caecum johnsoni Winkley, 1908
- Caecum rotundum de Folin, 1868 : synonym of (, 1851)
- Caecum saavedrae Beltran, 1965 : synonym of Caecum auriculatum de Folin, 1868
- Caecum sardinianum de Folin, 1869 : synonym of Carpenter, 1859
- Caecum sculptum de Folin, 1881: synonym of Caecum imbricatum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum semitracheum S. Brusina, 1865 : synonym of Carpenter, 1859
- Caecum smithi Cooper, 1872: synonym of Caecum cooperi S. Smith, 1860
- Caecum solitarium Oliver, 1915 : synonym of Pizzini & Raines, 2006
- Caecum syriacum de Folin, 1869: synonym of Caecum auriculatum de Folin, 1868
- Caecum tenue & , 1900: synonym of Caecum armoricum de Folin, 1869
- Caecum termes Heilprin, 1889: synonym of Caecum plicatum Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum tomaculum (Weisbord, 1962) : synonym of de Folin, 1867
- Caecum triornatum de Folin, 1870: synonym of Caecum bipartitum de Folin, 1870
- Caecum uvea Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013: synonym of Caecum folini Kisch, 1959
- Caecum veracruzanum Collins, 1937 : synonym of de Folin, 1867
- Caecum vestitum de Folin, 1868 - Vera Cruz caecum: synonym of de Folin, 1867

疑難名：

- Caecum abreviatum de Folin, 1870
- Caecum achates Sykes, 1925: taxon inquirendum
- Caecum bicinctum de Folin, 1870
- Caecum gracile Carpenter, 1858
- Caecum hemisphericum de Folin, 1867
- Caecum imperforatum (Kanmacher, 1798)

## 圖庫

<image>

<image>

## 參考文獻

- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
- Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
- Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp

## 外部連結

- Moore, Donald R., The Systematic Position of the Family Caecidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) , Bulletin of Marine Science, Volume 12, Number 4, 1962 ,pp. 695-701(7)
- Moore, Donald R., Ecological and Systematic Notes on Caecidae from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, Bulletin of Marine Science, Volume 22, Number 4, December 1972 , pp. 881-899(19)
- , New Zealand Mollusca, 哈珀柯林斯, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
- Shell-bearing Mollusca: : Caecidae
- Malacolog Version 4.1.0 : A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca
- The Paleobiology Database : Classification of the Caecidae
- Goedert J.L. & Raines B.K. (2016). First Paleogene Caecidae (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean and the earliest record for the genus Caecum Fleming, 1813. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 129: 38-47

## 基本資料

- 說明：一枚的螺殼
- 學名：Caecum
- 命名者：約翰·佛萊明 (博物學家), 1817
- subdivision_ranks：物種
- 栽培群成員：見內文
- 異名：Brochina Gray, 1857、Brochus T. Brown, 1827、Caecum (Anellum) Carpenter, 1856· accepted, alternate representation、Caecum (Bambusum) Olsson & Harbison, 1954· accepted, alternate representation、Caecum (Brochina) Gray, 1857· accepted, alternate representation、Caecum (Caecum) J. Fleming, 1813· accepted, alternate representation、Caecum (Defolinia) Weisbord, 1962、Caecum (Elephantulum) Carpenter, 1857· accepted, alternate representation、Caecum (Fartulum) Carpenter, 1857· accepted, alternate representation、Coecum sic、Cornuoides T. Brown, 1827、Elephantanellum Bartsch, 1920、Elephantulum Carpenter, 1857、Fartulum Carpenter, 1857、Micranellum Bartsch, 1920、Odontidium Philippi, 1836、Pictocaecum Habe, 1978
- 模式種：Caecum tracheum tracheum
- type_species_authority：Montagu, G., 1803