食果啄木鳥屬

食果啄木鳥屬，是啄木鳥科的一個屬。該屬包括24個種，其中大多數具有顯眼的黑白條紋，夾雜紅色與黃色。

## 分類

1832年，威廉·斯溫森首次引入食果啄木鳥屬以歸納紅頭啄木鳥（學名：Melanerpes erythrocephalus）。食果啄木鳥屬屬於食果啄木鳥族，後者還包括吸汁啄木鳥屬的北美吸汁啄木鳥和古巴綠啄木鳥屬。

## 特徵

食果啄木鳥屬中的鳥類體格介於小和中等之間，僅分布於新大陸。其中部分物種是西印度群島的特有種。one subspecies, the Grand Bahama West Indian woodpecker (M. superciliaris bahamensis) became extinct in the 1950s. The majority of the species are from Central and South America. Most species are boldly marked in black and white, with some areas of red and yellow. The beaks are long and pointed, and sometimes curved. The sexes differ in many species, both in colour and in size.

Some species such as the acorn woodpecker and the yellow-tufted woodpecker are sociable, foraging in groups, communicating vocally and nesting communally. These have complex breeding systems including some non-breeding adult helpers assisting in rearing the young. Like other woodpeckers, insects form a large part of the diet, being caught on the wing in some species, but fruit is also eaten in large quantities and some species consume 樹液. They all nest in holes that they excavate in trees, and the red-crowned woodpecker and the Hoffmann's woodpecker are unusual in that they sometimes enter their holes backwards.

## 物種

該屬其中包括了25個種類:

照片｜中文譯名｜學名｜主要分布

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｜白啄木｜Melanerpes candidus｜Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina.

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｜劉易氏啄木｜Melanerpes lewis｜western and central United States

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｜瓜德魯普啄木｜Melanerpes herminieri｜Guadeloupe archipelago

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｜Puerto Rican woodpecker｜Melanerpes portoricensis｜Puerto Rico

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｜紅頭啄木鳥｜Melanerpes erythrocephalus｜southern Canada and the east-central United States.

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｜Acorn woodpecker｜Melanerpes formicivorus｜Oregon, California, and the southwestern United States, south through Central America to Colombia.

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｜Yellow-tufted woodpecker｜Melanerpes cruentatus｜Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

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｜Yellow-fronted woodpecker｜Melanerpes flavifrons｜Brazil, Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina.

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｜Golden-naped woodpecker｜Melanerpes chrysauchen｜Costa Rica and western Panama

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｜Beautiful woodpecker｜Melanerpes pulcher｜Colombia.

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｜Black-cheeked woodpecker｜Melanerpes pucherani｜southeastern Mexico south to western Ecuador.

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｜白額啄木鳥｜Melanerpes cactorum｜Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina.

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｜Hispaniolan woodpecker｜Melanerpes striatus｜Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic)

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｜Jamaican woodpecker｜Melanerpes radiolatus｜Jamaica.

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｜Golden-cheeked woodpecker｜Melanerpes chrysogenys｜Mexico

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｜Grey-breasted woodpecker｜Melanerpes hypopolius｜southwestern Mexico.

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｜Yucatan woodpecker｜Melanerpes pygmaeus｜Belize and Mexico

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｜Red-crowned woodpecker｜Melanerpes rubricapillus｜Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and Tobago.

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｜Gila woodpecker｜Melanerpes uropygialis｜southwestern United States and western Mexico.

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｜Hoffmann's woodpecker｜Melanerpes hoffmannii｜southern Honduras south to Costa Rica

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｜金額啄木鳥｜Melanerpes aurifrons｜Texas and Oklahoma in the United States through Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and northern Nicaragua.

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｜Velasquez's woodpecker｜Melanerpes santacruzi｜southern Mexico and parts of Central America.

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｜紅腹啄木鳥｜Melanerpes carolinus｜eastern United States

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｜大紅腹啄木鳥｜Melanerpes superciliaris｜Bahamas, the Cayman Islands and Cuba.

- Melanerpes shawi (extinct: Late Pleistocene)

## 基本資料

- 說明：紅腹啄木鳥 (Melanerpes carolinus)
- 學名：Melanerpes
- 命名者：威廉·斯溫森, 1832
- 模式種：紅頭啄木鳥
- type_species_authority：Linnaeus, 1758
- subdivision_ranks：Species
- 栽培群成員：See text