梭法螺屬

梭法螺屬（學名：Cymatium），又名象法螺屬或嵌線螺屬，是法螺科嵌線螺亞科之下的一個屬，包括從小型到大型的掠食性海螺，是一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的分類單元。

本屬物種繁多，有差不多一百種，遍佈世界各地。因此有貝殼學家將本屬物種再細分為十個亞屬，也有建議將部分亞屬提升至屬級，但這些建議到現在都未有公論。

## 化石紀錄

本屬的化石紀錄已知從始新世到第四紀（距今：從5580到1.2萬年前）。

## 形態描述

這些海螺雌雄異體，會產下卵筴。孵化後，幼蟲有一個浮游生物階段，可以（在某些物種中）持續數月; 這是在某些物種中看到的廣泛分佈，因為在沉降到海底之前可以將浮游幼蟲攜帶很遠的距離。

## 分類

### 亞屬

目前本屬有至少十個亞屬，部分亞屬有學者建議提升至屬級。不管如何，這些亞屬或屬都詳列如下：

- Cymatium Röding, 1798, type species: Cymatium femorale
- 毛螺亞屬 Monoplex G. Perry, 1811, type species: Cymatium parthenopeum
- Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869, type species: Cymatium succinctum
- Ranularia Schumacher, 1817, type species: Cymatium gutturnium
- Gutturnium Mørch, 1852, type species: Cymatium muricinum
- Reticutriton Habe and Kosuge, 1966：模式屬：Cymatium pfeifferianum
- Linatella Gray, 1868, 模式種為：Cymatium cutaceum
- 象鼻法螺 Lotoria Emerson and Old, 1963, 模式種為：Cymatium perryi
- 籬螺亞屬 籬螺屬 Perry, 1810：模式種為Septa rubecula，被WoRMS提升至屬級。
- Turritriton Dall, 1904, 模式種為：Cymatium gibbosum

### 物種

根據World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)，本屬目前包括下列物種：

深溝象法螺｜Cymatium caudatum｜(Gmelin, 1791)，為Ranularia caudata (Gmelin, 1791)的異名

多彩法螺｜Cymatium comptum｜(A. Adams, 1855)，為Monoplex comptus (A.Adams, 1855)的異名

Cymatium costatum｜Pennant, 1777

Cymatium danianum｜Garvie, 2021

丹氏象法螺｜Cymatium dunkeri｜Lischke, 1868，為Ranularia dunkeri (Lischke, 1868)的異名

鳥頭象法螺｜Cymatium encausticum｜(Reeve, 1844)，為Ranularia encaustica (Reeve, 1844)的異名

Cymatium femorale｜(Linnaeus, 1758)

寶石法螺｜Cymatium gemmatum｜(Reeve, 1844)

厚唇法螺｜Cymatium labiosum｜(Wood, 1828)，為Turritriton labiosus (W.Wood, 1828)的異名

Cymatium oxygium｜Woodring, 1959

Cymatium pharicidum｜Dall, 1889

毛法螺｜Cymatium pileare｜(Linnaeus, 1758)，為Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)的異名

Cymatium praefemorale｜(Maury, 1917)

Cymatium raderi｜D'Attilio & B.W.Myers, 1984

Cymatium ranzanii｜(Bianconi, 1850)

Cymatium remotum｜Frassinetti & Covacevich, 1995

中華象法螺｜Cymatium sinense｜(Reeve, 1844)，為Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)的異名

玉口象法螺｜Cymatium springsteeni｜Beu, 1987，為Ranularia springsteeni (Beu, 1987)的異名

瘦毛法螺｜Cymatium tenuiliratum｜Lischke, 1873，為Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)的異名

褐唇象法螺｜Cymatium testudinarium｜A. Adams & Reeve, 1850，為Ranularia testudinaria (A.Adams & Reeve, 1850)的異名

印度洋法螺｜Cymatium thersites｜(Reeve, 1844)，為Monoplex thersites (Reeve, 1844)的異名

Cymatium tigrinum｜(Broderip, 1833)

- 寶石法螺
- 小白法螺

### 異名物種

- Cymatium aegrotum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium aquatile (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium cingulatum (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
- Cymatium clandestinum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Gelagna succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
- Cymatium closeli Beu, 1987: synonym of Septa closeli (Beu, 1987)
- Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855) : synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855)
- Cymatium corrugatum (Lamarck, 1816);: synonym of Monoplex corrugatus (Lamarck, 1816)
- Cymatium cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
- Cymatium cynocephalum (Lamarck, 1816) : synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
- Cymatium doliarium Lamarck: synonym of Cabestana dolaria (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Cymatium durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Monoplex durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899)
- Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium exaratum durbanense (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844) accepted as Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
- 秀美象法螺 Cymatium exile: synonym of Ranularia exilis (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium gallinago (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium gemmatum Reeve: synonym of Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium gibbosum (Broderip, 1833): synonym of Turritriton gibbosus (Broderip, 1833)
- Cymatium grandimaculatum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Lotoria grandimaculata (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium hepaticum (Röding, 1798): synonym of Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798)
- Cymatium kleinei (Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of Monoplex klenei (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889)
- Cymatium kobelti: synonym of Turritriton kobelti (Maltzan, 1884)
- Cymatium krebsii (Mörch, 1877) : synonym of Monoplex krebsii (Mörch, 1877)
- Cymatium labiosum (W. Wood, 1828) : synonym of Turritriton labiosus (Wood, 1828)
- 象鼻法螺 Cymatium lotorium (Linnaeus, 1758)：今作Lotoria lotoria
- Cymatium marerubrum: synonym of Septa marerubrum (Garcia-Talavera, 1985)
- Cymatium martinianum (d'Orbigny, 1847) : synonym of Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cymatium moniliferum (Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia monilifera (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
- Cymatium moritinctum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
- Cymatium mundum (Gould, 1849): synonym of Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849)
- Cymatium muricinum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798)
- Cymatium nicobaricum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798)
- Cymatium occidentale (Mörch, 1877) is a synonym of Septa occidentalis (Mörch, 1877)
- Cymatium olearium Linnaeus: synonym of Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793) : synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
- Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793): synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
- Cymatium penniketi Beu, 1998: synonyom of Monoplex penniketi (Beu, 1998)
- Cymatium pharcidum (Dall, 1889): synonym of Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)
- 菲氏瘦法螺 Cymatium pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Reticutriton pfeifferianus (Reeve, 1844)
- 梨形嵌線螺 Cymatium pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cymatium rubeculum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 肉唇象法螺 Cymatium sarcostomum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium (Linatella) succinctum (Linnaeus, 1771): synonym of Linatella succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
- Cymatium testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia testudinaria (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
- Cymatium tranquebaricum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Monoplex tranquebaricus (Lamarck, 1816)
- Cymatium trigonum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Monoplex trigonus (Gmelin, 1791)
- Cymatium trilineatum: synonym of Ranularia trilineata (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium vespaceum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Monoplex vespaceus (Lamarck, 1822)

Cymatium species found in the Western Atlantic include:

- Cymatium rehderi A. H. Verrill, 1950 : synonym of Ranularia rehderi (A.H. Verrill, 1950)

Other species include:

- Cymatium tabulatus aka Turritriton tabulatus exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium parkinsonianum (Perry, 1811): synonym of Austrotriton parkinsonius Perry, 1811
- Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Cymatium (Septa) pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cymatium perryi Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of Lotoria perryi (Emerson & Old, 1963)

### 圖庫

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- Fossil shell of Cymatium affine from Pliocene of Italy

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- Fossil shell of Cymatium doderleini from Pliocene of Italy

## 外部連結

- Cymatium
- Info about subgenera and illustrations of type species for the subgenera and other species in the subgenera at

## 基本資料

- 說明：一隻在印尼阿洛島附近出現的梭法螺屬物種
- 學名：Cymatium
- 命名者：Röding, 1798
- 異名：Cymatium (Linatella) Gray, 1857、Linatella Gray, 1857、Lotorium Montfort, 1810、Luterium Herrmannsen, 1846 (emendation of Lotorium Montfort, 1810)、Nyctilochus Gistel, 1848、Tritocurrus Lesson, 1842
- 模式種：Murex femorale
- type_species_authority：Linnaeus, 1758