蜾蠃亞科

蜾蠃亞科（學名：Eumeninae）是胡蜂科之下五個亞科之一，是一類分佈於全球的黃蜂，也是胡蜂科之下生物多樣性最高的一個亞科。有部份文獻將本亞科提升至科級，是為蜾蠃科（學名：Eumenidae）。

## 形態

本亞科物種普遍均為色黑或棕，常帶有鮮明的黃色、白色、橙色、紅色、甚或上述各色混合的斑紋。

## 習性

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蜾蠃亞科大多數獨棲，雌蜂在交配後會選擇合適的地點築巢，並在巢內繁衍後代。蜾蠃亞科物種築巢方法多樣，有些會利用現有由其他鞘翅目或膜翅目物種曾在木塊上建立的廢棄管道裡棲息；也有些會在人工建築（如：建築物或電子部件上的鑽孔或釘孔）裡棲息；但大多數會在地底或地面上利用沙泥築成巢穴。牠們的巢穴不像其他蜂類那樣有多室，而是一般只有一個窩室，少數會有多於一個。因此，過往有假設認為蜾蠃亞科物種正處於從獨居到的有階級真社會性結構的過渡期。蜾蠃用來築巢的泥沙會以反吐出來的水黏合，但有不少物種會用咀嚼過後的植物來黏合。

蜾蠃亞科的雌蜂通常通過分泌毒素麻痹獵物，主要捕食鱗翅目昆蟲，將其置於蟲室內供孵化幼蟲取食，隨後用泥塊密封蟲室和巢口。

## 分類

蜾蠃亞科是胡蜂科五個亞科之中生物多樣性最高的一個，蜾蠃亞科的分類。亞科的成員過往亦屬於蜾蠃亞科，但近年的研究認為這些物種在存在會令本亞科成為一個並系群，因為將牠們抽出來自組一個亞科。

蜾蠃亞科包括以下屬：

Abispa｜Mitchell, 1838

Acanthodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1969

Acarodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Acarozumia｜Bequaert, 1921

Afrepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1965

Afreumenes｜Bequaert, 1926

Afrodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1934

Afrogamma｜Giordani Soika, 1987

Afroxanthodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1979

Alastor｜Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841

Alastorynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Alfieria｜Giordani Soika, 1934

Allepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1987

Allodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Allorhynchium｜Vecht, 1963

Alphamenes｜Bertoni, 1934

Ancistroceroides｜Saussure, 1855

Antamenes｜Giordani Soika, 1957

啄蜾蠃屬｜Antepipona｜de Saussure, 1855

Anterhynchium｜de Saussure, 1863

Antezumia｜de Saussure, 1875

Antherhynchium

Antodynerus｜Saussure, 1855

Apodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Araucodynerus｜Willink, 1968

Archancistrocerus｜Giordani Soika, 1986

Argentozethus｜Stange, 1979

Aruodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Asiodynerus｜Kurzenko, 1977

Astalor｜Schulthess, 1925

Australodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Australozethus｜Giordani-Soika, 1969

Belonogaster｜de Saussure, 1854

Brachymenes｜Giordani Soika, 1961

Brachyodynerus｜Bluethgen, 1938

Brachypipona｜Gusenleitner, 1967

Calligaster｜de Saussure, 1852

Carinstrocerus｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Catilostenus｜Meunier, 1888

Cephalastor｜Giordani Soika, 1982

Cephalochilus｜Blüthgen, 1939

Cephalodynerus｜Parker, 1965

Chartergus｜Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836

Chelodynerus｜Perkins, 1902

Chlorodynerus｜Bluethgen, 1951

Chlunodynerus Clorodynerus

Coeleumenes｜Vecht, 1963

Coelodynerus

Convextrocerus｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Crassodynerus Crastinocerus Crestocranius

Ctenochilus｜Saussure, 1856

Cuyodynerus｜Willink, 1968

Cyphodynerus

Cyphomenes｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Cyrtalastor｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Cyrteumenes｜Giordani Soika, 1991

細蜾蠃屬｜Cyrtolabulus｜Van der Vecht, 1969

Delta｜Saussure, 1855

Deuterodiscoelius｜Dalla Torre, 1904

Diemodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Discoelius｜Latreille, 1809

Dolichodynerus｜Bohart, 1939

外舌蜾蠃屬｜Ectopioglossa｜Perkins, 1912

Elimus｜de Saussure, 1852

Elisella｜Soika, 1974

Epiodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1957

Epsilon｜Saussure, 1855

Eremodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1939

Erodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Eudiscoelius｜Friese, 1904

Eumenemorphus｜Gusenleitner, 1995

Eumenestiferus｜Meunier, 1888

Eumenidiopsis｜Giordani Soika, 1939

Eumicrodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1972

Eunortonia｜Carpenter, 1985

Euodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Euodynerus｜Ma, Chen & Li, 2017

Eustenancistrocerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Flammodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Flavoleptus｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Gamma｜Zavattari, 1912

Gastrodynerus｜Bohart, 1984

Gibberhynchium

Gioiella｜Giordani Soika, 1985

Giordania｜Gusenleitner, 1995

Globepipona｜Gusenleitner, 1998

Globodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1987

Gribodia｜Zavattari, 1912

Gymnomerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Harmorhynchium｜Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994

Hemipterochilis

Hemipterochilus｜Ferton, 1909

Hirtocoelius｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Hoplomerus

Hypalastoroides｜Saussure, 1856

Hypancistrocerus｜Saussure, 1855

Incodynerus｜Willink, 1968

Intereuodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1997

Interzumia｜Gusenleitner, 2002

Irianmenes｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Ischnocoelia｜Perkins, 1908

Ischnogasteroides｜Magretti, 1884

Jucancistrocerus｜Bluethgen, 1938

黃斑蜾蠃屬｜Katamenes｜Meade-Waldo, 1910

Kennetia

Knemodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1940

Labochilus｜Bluthgen, 1939

小柄蜾蠃屬｜Labus｜de Saussure, 1867

Laevimenes｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Lamellodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1999

Latimenes｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Latrodynerus

Leionotus｜Saussure, 1853

Leptocheilus

Leptochiloides｜Bohart, 1940

Leptochilus｜de Saussure, 1853

Leptodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Leptomenes｜Giordani Soika, 1939

Leptomenoides｜Giordani Soika, 1962

細盾蜾蠃屬｜Leptomicrodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1985

Leptopterocheilus｜Giordani Soika, 1953

Leucodynerus｜Bohart, 1982

Lissepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1995

Lissodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Macrocalymma｜Perkins, 1908

Malagassodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1992

Malayepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1993

Malgachemenes｜Gusenleitner, 1992

Maricopodynerus｜Viereck, 1908

Mecodynerus

Micreumenes｜Ashmead, 1902

Microdynerus｜Thomson, 1874

Minixi｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Mitrodynerus

Monobia｜de Saussure, 1852

Monodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1982

Montezumia｜de Saussure, 1852

Nannodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Nesodynerus｜Perkins, 1901

Nestocoelius｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Nirtenia｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Nortonia｜de Saussure, 1869

Nortozumia｜Van der Vecht, 1937

Odontodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Okinawepipona｜Yamane, 1987

Omicrabulus｜Giordani Soika, 1987

Omicroides｜Giordani Soika, 1935

Omicron｜de Saussure, 1855

Onychopterocheilus｜Bluethgen, 1955

Orancistrocerus｜Vecht, 1963

奧蜾蠃屬｜Oreumenes｜Bequaert, 1926

Oreumenoides｜Giordani Soika, 1961

Ovodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1985

Pachodynerus｜Saussure, 1875

Pachycoelius｜Giordani-Soika, 1969

Pachymenes｜de Saussure, 1852

Pachyminixi｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Parachilus｜Goirdani Soika, 1960

Paragymnomerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Paralastor｜Saussure, 1856

Paraleptomenes｜Giordani Soika, 1970

Paralionotulus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Paramischocyttarus｜Magretti, 1884

Parancistrocerus｜Bequaert, 1925

Paranortonia｜Bertoni, 1934

Pararaphidoglossa｜Zavattari, 1912

旁喙蜾蠃屬｜Pararrhynchium｜de Saussure, 1855

Paraslator

Paravespa｜Radoszkowski, 1886

Paravespula｜Blüthgen, 1938

Parazumia｜Saussure, 1855

秀蜾蠃屬｜Pareumenes｜de Saussure, 1855

Parifodynerus｜Soika, 1962

Parodontodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Parodynerus｜de Saussure, 1855

Philippodynerus｜Gusenleitner, 1996

虎蜾蠃屬｜Phimenes｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Pirhosigma｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Plagiolabra｜Schulthess, 1903

Plocancistrocerus

Polistepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Polistes｜Latreille, 1802

Polybia｜Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836

Postepipona｜Soika, 1974

Proepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1977

Protodiscoelius｜Dalla Torre, 1904

Pseudabispa｜Vecht, 1960

Pseudacaromenes｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Pseudagris｜Saussure, 1863

Pseudalastor｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Pseudepipona｜Dalla Torre

Pseudepipona｜Saussure, 1856

Pseudochilus｜Saussure, 1856

Pseudodontodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1939

Pseudodynerus｜de Saussure, 1855

Pseudoleptochilus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Pseudomicrodymerus

Pseudomicrodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Pseudonortonia｜Timon-David, 1944

Pseudopterocheilus｜Perkins, 1901

Pseudosymmorphus｜Blüthgen, 1938

Pseudozethus｜Perkins, 1914

Pseudozumia｜Saussure, 1875

Pseumenes｜Giordani Soika, 1935

Psiliglossa｜S.S.Saunders, 1852

Pterocheilus｜Klug, 1805

Pterochilus

Pteromenes｜Giordani Soika, 1960

Raphiglossa｜S.S.Saunders, 1850

Raphiglossoides｜Giordani Soika, 1936

Rhaphiglossa

Rhynchagris｜Maidl, 1915

Rhynchalastor｜Meade-Waldo, 1910

Rhynchium｜Spinola, 1806

Rotundipetiolus｜Zhang, 1989

Rugomenes｜Giordani Soika, 1992

Rygchium｜Spinola, 1806

Santamenes｜Giordani Soika, 1990

Smeringodynerus｜Snelling, 1975

Sphaeromenes｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Spinilabochilus｜Kurzenko, 1981

Stellepipona｜Giordani Soika, 1973

Stenancistrocerus｜Saussure, 1863

Stenodyneriellus｜Giordani Soika, 1962

Stenodynerus｜Saussure, 1864

Stenonartonia｜Giordani Soika, 1973

Stenosigma｜Giordani Soika, 1978

Stroudia｜Gribodo, 1892

Subancistrocerus｜de Saussure, 1855

Symmorphus｜Wesmael, 1836

Synagis

Synagris｜Latreille, 1802

Synargris

Syneuodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1951

Tachyancistrocerus｜Giordani Soika, 1952

Tachymenes｜Giordani Soika, 1983

Trachyodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1989

Tricarinodynerus｜Giordani Soika, 1952

Trichodynerus

Tropidodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1939

Tuleara｜Gusenleitner, 2000

Xanthodynerus｜Blüthgen, 1954

Xenorhynchium｜Vecht, 1963

Zeta｜de Saussure, 1855

Zeteumenes｜Bertoni, 1921

Zeteumenidion

Zethus｜Fabricius, 1804

## 生態應用

在農林生態系統中，蜾蠃亞科不僅是農作物的傳粉者，還是農林害蟲的天敵。

## 圖庫

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- Eumenes pomiformis

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- Potter's wasp nests, Springdale, AR

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- nest built in a hole bored by a

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- nectaring

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- building nest

## 外部連結

- Eumeninae
- Eumenes spp., potter wasps of Florida on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- Vespidae: Potter wasps; Vespid wasps; Social wasps; Hornets; Paper wasps; Yellowjackets
- Subfamily Eumeninae - Potter and Mason Wasps

## 基本資料

- 說明：Ancistrocerus species
- 學名：Eumeninae
- diversity_link：蜾蠃亞科的分類
- diversity：本亞科有接近200個屬、3000個物種。